Question: NC3 attacks russia china

4 – Israel will conduct NC3 attacks, causing miscalc by Russia and China – goes nuclear.

Nivedita Raju & Wilfred Wan 24, Nivedita Raju, Researcher at SIPRI Weapons of Mass Destruction programme; Wilfred Wan, Director of SIPRI Weapons of Mass Destruction Programme, PhD, “Escalation Risks at the Space–Nuclear Nexus,” SIPRI Research Policy Paper, February 2024, https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/2402_rpp_space-nuclear_nexus.pdf

disruption of GNSS is increasing attributed to  Israeli forces  in Gaza designations affect the calculus  for escalation Given competition  and potential to be drawn into confrontation there is high scope for escalation including nuclear use analysis exhibits unprecedented worst-case scenario thinking red lines become blurred  due to uncertainties escalation emerges, including nuclear in cyber with  grave consequences for all


Question: Israel miscalculation Russia China

4 – Israel will conduct NC3 attacks, causing miscalc by Russia and China – goes nuclear.

Nivedita Raju & Wilfred Wan 24, Nivedita Raju, Researcher at SIPRI Weapons of Mass Destruction programme; Wilfred Wan, Director of SIPRI Weapons of Mass Destruction Programme, PhD, “Escalation Risks at the Space–Nuclear Nexus,” SIPRI Research Policy Paper, February 2024, https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/2402_rpp_space-nuclear_nexus.pdf

disruption of GNSS is increasing attributed to  Israeli forces  in Gaza designations affect the calculus  for escalation Given competition  and potential to be drawn into confrontation there is high scope for escalation including nuclear use analysis exhibits unprecedented worst-case scenario thinking red lines become blurred  due to uncertainties escalation emerges, including nuclear in cyber with  grave consequences for all


Question: cyber attacks and nuclear escalation

4 – Israel will conduct NC3 attacks, causing miscalc by Russia and China – goes nuclear.

Nivedita Raju & Wilfred Wan 24, Nivedita Raju, Researcher at SIPRI Weapons of Mass Destruction programme; Wilfred Wan, Director of SIPRI Weapons of Mass Destruction Programme, PhD, “Escalation Risks at the Space–Nuclear Nexus,” SIPRI Research Policy Paper, February 2024, https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/2402_rpp_space-nuclear_nexus.pdf

disruption of GNSS is increasing attributed to  Israeli forces  in Gaza designations affect the calculus  for escalation Given competition  and potential to be drawn into confrontation there is high scope for escalation including nuclear use analysis exhibits unprecedented worst-case scenario thinking red lines become blurred  due to uncertainties escalation emerges, including nuclear in cyber with  grave consequences for all


Question: space nuclear nexus

4 – Israel will conduct NC3 attacks, causing miscalc by Russia and China – goes nuclear.

Nivedita Raju & Wilfred Wan 24, Nivedita Raju, Researcher at SIPRI Weapons of Mass Destruction programme; Wilfred Wan, Director of SIPRI Weapons of Mass Destruction Programme, PhD, “Escalation Risks at the Space–Nuclear Nexus,” SIPRI Research Policy Paper, February 2024, https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/2402_rpp_space-nuclear_nexus.pdf

disruption of GNSS is increasing attributed to  Israeli forces  in Gaza designations affect the calculus  for escalation Given competition  and potential to be drawn into confrontation there is high scope for escalation including nuclear use analysis exhibits unprecedented worst-case scenario thinking red lines become blurred  due to uncertainties escalation emerges, including nuclear in cyber with  grave consequences for all


Question: Putin lashes out nuke war

Putin lashes out---nuke war.

Geraghty ’22 [Jim; Feb 28; National Review, “Watching the Russian Economy Collapse before Our Eyes,” https://www.nationalreview.com/the-morning-jolt/watching-the-russian-economy-collapse-before-our-eyes/]

ask how much economic devastation  we want to inflict upon a country with nuclear warheads some Russian official selling off nuclear materials impoverishing the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons feels like trouble We need a defanged Russia that doesn’t blame the West


Question: Geraghty 2022

Putin lashes out---nuke war.

Geraghty ’22 [Jim; Feb 28; National Review, “Watching the Russian Economy Collapse before Our Eyes,” https://www.nationalreview.com/the-morning-jolt/watching-the-russian-economy-collapse-before-our-eyes/]

ask how much economic devastation  we want to inflict upon a country with nuclear warheads some Russian official selling off nuclear materials impoverishing the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons feels like trouble We need a defanged Russia that doesn’t blame the West


Question: Russia economy collapse

Putin lashes out---nuke war.

Geraghty ’22 [Jim; Feb 28; National Review, “Watching the Russian Economy Collapse before Our Eyes,” https://www.nationalreview.com/the-morning-jolt/watching-the-russian-economy-collapse-before-our-eyes/]

ask how much economic devastation  we want to inflict upon a country with nuclear warheads some Russian official selling off nuclear materials impoverishing the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons feels like trouble We need a defanged Russia that doesn’t blame the West


Question: defanged Russia

Putin lashes out---nuke war.

Geraghty ’22 [Jim; Feb 28; National Review, “Watching the Russian Economy Collapse before Our Eyes,” https://www.nationalreview.com/the-morning-jolt/watching-the-russian-economy-collapse-before-our-eyes/]

ask how much economic devastation  we want to inflict upon a country with nuclear warheads some Russian official selling off nuclear materials impoverishing the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons feels like trouble We need a defanged Russia that doesn’t blame the West


Question: Russian official selling nukes

Putin lashes out---nuke war.

Geraghty ’22 [Jim; Feb 28; National Review, “Watching the Russian Economy Collapse before Our Eyes,” https://www.nationalreview.com/the-morning-jolt/watching-the-russian-economy-collapse-before-our-eyes/]

ask how much economic devastation  we want to inflict upon a country with nuclear warheads some Russian official selling off nuclear materials impoverishing the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons feels like trouble We need a defanged Russia that doesn’t blame the West


Question: nuclear warheads

Putin lashes out---nuke war.

Geraghty ’22 [Jim; Feb 28; National Review, “Watching the Russian Economy Collapse before Our Eyes,” https://www.nationalreview.com/the-morning-jolt/watching-the-russian-economy-collapse-before-our-eyes/]

ask how much economic devastation  we want to inflict upon a country with nuclear warheads some Russian official selling off nuclear materials impoverishing the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons feels like trouble We need a defanged Russia that doesn’t blame the West


Question: Russia blames the West

Putin lashes out---nuke war.

Geraghty ’22 [Jim; Feb 28; National Review, “Watching the Russian Economy Collapse before Our Eyes,” https://www.nationalreview.com/the-morning-jolt/watching-the-russian-economy-collapse-before-our-eyes/]

ask how much economic devastation  we want to inflict upon a country with nuclear warheads some Russian official selling off nuclear materials impoverishing the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons feels like trouble We need a defanged Russia that doesn’t blame the West


Question: Terror scenario worse

Terror scenario is worse---it just says that NATO has a commitment to fight terror NOT that those operations can ever be successful-inserted

John Conger 24, Director Emeritus of the Center for Climate and Security, Senior Advisor to the Council on Strategic Risks, and US Advisor to the International Military Council on Climate and Security (IMCCS), non-resident senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, former Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) at the U.S. Department of Defense, MS in Aerospace Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA in Science, Technology, & Public Policy from George Washington University, July 2024, “World Climate And Security Report 2024: Military Innovation And The Climate Challenge,” https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WCSR-2023-24.pdf

in the Mid East, Sahel and Africa groups engage in illegal activities individuals join NSAGs Boko Haram al-Shabab and ISIS NATO’s commitment to project stability and fight terror ism Using e v s can support NATO op s in contested environments disasters complicate readiness tasking personnel to assist with HADR strain resources planning and training low-carbon tech improve acceptance of NATO HADR


Question: John Conger NATO commitment

Terror scenario is worse---it just says that NATO has a commitment to fight terror NOT that those operations can ever be successful-inserted

John Conger 24, Director Emeritus of the Center for Climate and Security, Senior Advisor to the Council on Strategic Risks, and US Advisor to the International Military Council on Climate and Security (IMCCS), non-resident senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, former Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) at the U.S. Department of Defense, MS in Aerospace Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA in Science, Technology, & Public Policy from George Washington University, July 2024, “World Climate And Security Report 2024: Military Innovation And The Climate Challenge,” https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WCSR-2023-24.pdf

in the Mid East, Sahel and Africa groups engage in illegal activities individuals join NSAGs Boko Haram al-Shabab and ISIS NATO’s commitment to project stability and fight terror ism Using e v s can support NATO op s in contested environments disasters complicate readiness tasking personnel to assist with HADR strain resources planning and training low-carbon tech improve acceptance of NATO HADR


Question: NATO commitment to fight terror

Terror scenario is worse---it just says that NATO has a commitment to fight terror NOT that those operations can ever be successful-inserted

John Conger 24, Director Emeritus of the Center for Climate and Security, Senior Advisor to the Council on Strategic Risks, and US Advisor to the International Military Council on Climate and Security (IMCCS), non-resident senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, former Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) at the U.S. Department of Defense, MS in Aerospace Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA in Science, Technology, & Public Policy from George Washington University, July 2024, “World Climate And Security Report 2024: Military Innovation And The Climate Challenge,” https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WCSR-2023-24.pdf

in the Mid East, Sahel and Africa groups engage in illegal activities individuals join NSAGs Boko Haram al-Shabab and ISIS NATO’s commitment to project stability and fight terror ism Using e v s can support NATO op s in contested environments disasters complicate readiness tasking personnel to assist with HADR strain resources planning and training low-carbon tech improve acceptance of NATO HADR


Question: NATO fights terrorism

Terror scenario is worse---it just says that NATO has a commitment to fight terror NOT that those operations can ever be successful-inserted

John Conger 24, Director Emeritus of the Center for Climate and Security, Senior Advisor to the Council on Strategic Risks, and US Advisor to the International Military Council on Climate and Security (IMCCS), non-resident senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, former Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) at the U.S. Department of Defense, MS in Aerospace Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA in Science, Technology, & Public Policy from George Washington University, July 2024, “World Climate And Security Report 2024: Military Innovation And The Climate Challenge,” https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WCSR-2023-24.pdf

in the Mid East, Sahel and Africa groups engage in illegal activities individuals join NSAGs Boko Haram al-Shabab and ISIS NATO’s commitment to project stability and fight terror ism Using e v s can support NATO op s in contested environments disasters complicate readiness tasking personnel to assist with HADR strain resources planning and training low-carbon tech improve acceptance of NATO HADR


Question: Climate change and security

Terror scenario is worse---it just says that NATO has a commitment to fight terror NOT that those operations can ever be successful-inserted

John Conger 24, Director Emeritus of the Center for Climate and Security, Senior Advisor to the Council on Strategic Risks, and US Advisor to the International Military Council on Climate and Security (IMCCS), non-resident senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, former Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) at the U.S. Department of Defense, MS in Aerospace Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA in Science, Technology, & Public Policy from George Washington University, July 2024, “World Climate And Security Report 2024: Military Innovation And The Climate Challenge,” https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WCSR-2023-24.pdf

in the Mid East, Sahel and Africa groups engage in illegal activities individuals join NSAGs Boko Haram al-Shabab and ISIS NATO’s commitment to project stability and fight terror ism Using e v s can support NATO op s in contested environments disasters complicate readiness tasking personnel to assist with HADR strain resources planning and training low-carbon tech improve acceptance of NATO HADR


Question: NATO operations in contested environments

Terror scenario is worse---it just says that NATO has a commitment to fight terror NOT that those operations can ever be successful-inserted

John Conger 24, Director Emeritus of the Center for Climate and Security, Senior Advisor to the Council on Strategic Risks, and US Advisor to the International Military Council on Climate and Security (IMCCS), non-resident senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, former Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) at the U.S. Department of Defense, MS in Aerospace Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA in Science, Technology, & Public Policy from George Washington University, July 2024, “World Climate And Security Report 2024: Military Innovation And The Climate Challenge,” https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WCSR-2023-24.pdf

in the Mid East, Sahel and Africa groups engage in illegal activities individuals join NSAGs Boko Haram al-Shabab and ISIS NATO’s commitment to project stability and fight terror ism Using e v s can support NATO op s in contested environments disasters complicate readiness tasking personnel to assist with HADR strain resources planning and training low-carbon tech improve acceptance of NATO HADR


Question: disasters complicate readiness tasking

Terror scenario is worse---it just says that NATO has a commitment to fight terror NOT that those operations can ever be successful-inserted

John Conger 24, Director Emeritus of the Center for Climate and Security, Senior Advisor to the Council on Strategic Risks, and US Advisor to the International Military Council on Climate and Security (IMCCS), non-resident senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, former Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) at the U.S. Department of Defense, MS in Aerospace Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA in Science, Technology, & Public Policy from George Washington University, July 2024, “World Climate And Security Report 2024: Military Innovation And The Climate Challenge,” https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WCSR-2023-24.pdf

in the Mid East, Sahel and Africa groups engage in illegal activities individuals join NSAGs Boko Haram al-Shabab and ISIS NATO’s commitment to project stability and fight terror ism Using e v s can support NATO op s in contested environments disasters complicate readiness tasking personnel to assist with HADR strain resources planning and training low-carbon tech improve acceptance of NATO HADR


Question: Plan shreds the economy

The plan shreds the economy.

Jack Mintz 23, President’s Fellow of the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary, Financial Post, “Jack Mintz: Carbon taxes make the Bank of Canada’s job harder,” Financial Post, August 18, 2023, https://financialpost.com/opinion/carbon-taxes-bank-of-canada-job-harder, DOA: 9-25-24, JA

energy inflation lead to prolonged upside pressure on inflation carbon policies contribute to higher interest rates Monetary policy is focused on inflation expectations expectations that are above target push banks to raise rates energy price important part of transportation critical for every industry cause firms to raise prices to maintain profit and workers bargain for higher wages carbon price shocks become embedded  in expectations a ri se in one percent resulted in prices to rise 0.2 taxes that were $50 added 0. 4 points to realized inflation


Question: Jack Mintz carbon tax

The plan shreds the economy.

Jack Mintz 23, President’s Fellow of the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary, Financial Post, “Jack Mintz: Carbon taxes make the Bank of Canada’s job harder,” Financial Post, August 18, 2023, https://financialpost.com/opinion/carbon-taxes-bank-of-canada-job-harder, DOA: 9-25-24, JA

energy inflation lead to prolonged upside pressure on inflation carbon policies contribute to higher interest rates Monetary policy is focused on inflation expectations expectations that are above target push banks to raise rates energy price important part of transportation critical for every industry cause firms to raise prices to maintain profit and workers bargain for higher wages carbon price shocks become embedded  in expectations a ri se in one percent resulted in prices to rise 0.2 taxes that were $50 added 0. 4 points to realized inflation


Question: Carbon taxes inflation

The plan shreds the economy.

Jack Mintz 23, President’s Fellow of the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary, Financial Post, “Jack Mintz: Carbon taxes make the Bank of Canada’s job harder,” Financial Post, August 18, 2023, https://financialpost.com/opinion/carbon-taxes-bank-of-canada-job-harder, DOA: 9-25-24, JA

energy inflation lead to prolonged upside pressure on inflation carbon policies contribute to higher interest rates Monetary policy is focused on inflation expectations expectations that are above target push banks to raise rates energy price important part of transportation critical for every industry cause firms to raise prices to maintain profit and workers bargain for higher wages carbon price shocks become embedded  in expectations a ri se in one percent resulted in prices to rise 0.2 taxes that were $50 added 0. 4 points to realized inflation


Question: monetary policy

The plan shreds the economy.

Jack Mintz 23, President’s Fellow of the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary, Financial Post, “Jack Mintz: Carbon taxes make the Bank of Canada’s job harder,” Financial Post, August 18, 2023, https://financialpost.com/opinion/carbon-taxes-bank-of-canada-job-harder, DOA: 9-25-24, JA

energy inflation lead to prolonged upside pressure on inflation carbon policies contribute to higher interest rates Monetary policy is focused on inflation expectations expectations that are above target push banks to raise rates energy price important part of transportation critical for every industry cause firms to raise prices to maintain profit and workers bargain for higher wages carbon price shocks become embedded  in expectations a ri se in one percent resulted in prices to rise 0.2 taxes that were $50 added 0. 4 points to realized inflation


Question: energy price important

The plan shreds the economy.

Jack Mintz 23, President’s Fellow of the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary, Financial Post, “Jack Mintz: Carbon taxes make the Bank of Canada’s job harder,” Financial Post, August 18, 2023, https://financialpost.com/opinion/carbon-taxes-bank-of-canada-job-harder, DOA: 9-25-24, JA

energy inflation lead to prolonged upside pressure on inflation carbon policies contribute to higher interest rates Monetary policy is focused on inflation expectations expectations that are above target push banks to raise rates energy price important part of transportation critical for every industry cause firms to raise prices to maintain profit and workers bargain for higher wages carbon price shocks become embedded  in expectations a ri se in one percent resulted in prices to rise 0.2 taxes that were $50 added 0. 4 points to realized inflation


Question: carbon tax bad

The plan shreds the economy.

Jack Mintz 23, President’s Fellow of the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary, Financial Post, “Jack Mintz: Carbon taxes make the Bank of Canada’s job harder,” Financial Post, August 18, 2023, https://financialpost.com/opinion/carbon-taxes-bank-of-canada-job-harder, DOA: 9-25-24, JA

energy inflation lead to prolonged upside pressure on inflation carbon policies contribute to higher interest rates Monetary policy is focused on inflation expectations expectations that are above target push banks to raise rates energy price important part of transportation critical for every industry cause firms to raise prices to maintain profit and workers bargain for higher wages carbon price shocks become embedded  in expectations a ri se in one percent resulted in prices to rise 0.2 taxes that were $50 added 0. 4 points to realized inflation


Question: plan bad for economy

The plan shreds the economy.

Jack Mintz 23, President’s Fellow of the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary, Financial Post, “Jack Mintz: Carbon taxes make the Bank of Canada’s job harder,” Financial Post, August 18, 2023, https://financialpost.com/opinion/carbon-taxes-bank-of-canada-job-harder, DOA: 9-25-24, JA

energy inflation lead to prolonged upside pressure on inflation carbon policies contribute to higher interest rates Monetary policy is focused on inflation expectations expectations that are above target push banks to raise rates energy price important part of transportation critical for every industry cause firms to raise prices to maintain profit and workers bargain for higher wages carbon price shocks become embedded  in expectations a ri se in one percent resulted in prices to rise 0.2 taxes that were $50 added 0. 4 points to realized inflation


Question: Reject totalizing critique of markets

Turn. Reject their totalizing critique of markets---there are numerous ways to reconceptualize markets. This evidence proves that there exists a debate worth having regarding whether or not markets are irredeemable and functions as TVA solvency.

Roth 19 – Solen Roth, PhD in anthropology at the University of British Columbia in 2013; "Can Capitalism Be Decolonized? Recentering Indigenous Peoples, Values, and Ways of Life in the Canadian Art Market", American Indian Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Summer 2019), pp. 306-338, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5250/amerindiquar.43.3.0306

it seems that efforts to decolonize markets are doomed to fail businesses attempt to function according to Indigenous values even though they exist within capitalist context examples provide grounding to questions can these cross over from reform to dismantlement of colonial institutions ?


Question: Roth 19

Turn. Reject their totalizing critique of markets---there are numerous ways to reconceptualize markets. This evidence proves that there exists a debate worth having regarding whether or not markets are irredeemable and functions as TVA solvency.

Roth 19 – Solen Roth, PhD in anthropology at the University of British Columbia in 2013; "Can Capitalism Be Decolonized? Recentering Indigenous Peoples, Values, and Ways of Life in the Canadian Art Market", American Indian Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Summer 2019), pp. 306-338, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5250/amerindiquar.43.3.0306

it seems that efforts to decolonize markets are doomed to fail businesses attempt to function according to Indigenous values even though they exist within capitalist context examples provide grounding to questions can these cross over from reform to dismantlement of colonial institutions ?


Question: Solen Roth anthropology

Turn. Reject their totalizing critique of markets---there are numerous ways to reconceptualize markets. This evidence proves that there exists a debate worth having regarding whether or not markets are irredeemable and functions as TVA solvency.

Roth 19 – Solen Roth, PhD in anthropology at the University of British Columbia in 2013; "Can Capitalism Be Decolonized? Recentering Indigenous Peoples, Values, and Ways of Life in the Canadian Art Market", American Indian Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Summer 2019), pp. 306-338, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5250/amerindiquar.43.3.0306

it seems that efforts to decolonize markets are doomed to fail businesses attempt to function according to Indigenous values even though they exist within capitalist context examples provide grounding to questions can these cross over from reform to dismantlement of colonial institutions ?


Question: Decolonize markets doomed to fail

Turn. Reject their totalizing critique of markets---there are numerous ways to reconceptualize markets. This evidence proves that there exists a debate worth having regarding whether or not markets are irredeemable and functions as TVA solvency.

Roth 19 – Solen Roth, PhD in anthropology at the University of British Columbia in 2013; "Can Capitalism Be Decolonized? Recentering Indigenous Peoples, Values, and Ways of Life in the Canadian Art Market", American Indian Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Summer 2019), pp. 306-338, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5250/amerindiquar.43.3.0306

it seems that efforts to decolonize markets are doomed to fail businesses attempt to function according to Indigenous values even though they exist within capitalist context examples provide grounding to questions can these cross over from reform to dismantlement of colonial institutions ?


Question: markets and indigenous values

Turn. Reject their totalizing critique of markets---there are numerous ways to reconceptualize markets. This evidence proves that there exists a debate worth having regarding whether or not markets are irredeemable and functions as TVA solvency.

Roth 19 – Solen Roth, PhD in anthropology at the University of British Columbia in 2013; "Can Capitalism Be Decolonized? Recentering Indigenous Peoples, Values, and Ways of Life in the Canadian Art Market", American Indian Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Summer 2019), pp. 306-338, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5250/amerindiquar.43.3.0306

it seems that efforts to decolonize markets are doomed to fail businesses attempt to function according to Indigenous values even though they exist within capitalist context examples provide grounding to questions can these cross over from reform to dismantlement of colonial institutions ?


Question: TVA solvency markets

Turn. Reject their totalizing critique of markets---there are numerous ways to reconceptualize markets. This evidence proves that there exists a debate worth having regarding whether or not markets are irredeemable and functions as TVA solvency.

Roth 19 – Solen Roth, PhD in anthropology at the University of British Columbia in 2013; "Can Capitalism Be Decolonized? Recentering Indigenous Peoples, Values, and Ways of Life in the Canadian Art Market", American Indian Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Summer 2019), pp. 306-338, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5250/amerindiquar.43.3.0306

it seems that efforts to decolonize markets are doomed to fail businesses attempt to function according to Indigenous values even though they exist within capitalist context examples provide grounding to questions can these cross over from reform to dismantlement of colonial institutions ?


Question: capitalism can be decolonized

Turn. Reject their totalizing critique of markets---there are numerous ways to reconceptualize markets. This evidence proves that there exists a debate worth having regarding whether or not markets are irredeemable and functions as TVA solvency.

Roth 19 – Solen Roth, PhD in anthropology at the University of British Columbia in 2013; "Can Capitalism Be Decolonized? Recentering Indigenous Peoples, Values, and Ways of Life in the Canadian Art Market", American Indian Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Summer 2019), pp. 306-338, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5250/amerindiquar.43.3.0306

it seems that efforts to decolonize markets are doomed to fail businesses attempt to function according to Indigenous values even though they exist within capitalist context examples provide grounding to questions can these cross over from reform to dismantlement of colonial institutions ?


Question: Proliferation Japan South Korea and Germany

PROLIFERATION---Japan, South Korea, AND Germany join-in on nuclear arms racing out of fear AND collapsed non-proliferation regimes.

Increasing the US arsenal at the scale recommended by the Project 2025 would likely compel rival nations—including Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea—to increase their defense budgets, warfighting plans, and nuclear weapons developments and deployments to match what they will see as an increasing threat from the United States. Allied nations will also be caught up in the competition, fueling an already existing nuclear arms race: Japan, South Korea, and even Germany could be pushed over the nuclear line.

programs weaken guardrails by withdrawals from arms control erosion of arms control and non-prolif is central goals


Question: Project 2025 nuclear

PROLIFERATION---Japan, South Korea, AND Germany join-in on nuclear arms racing out of fear AND collapsed non-proliferation regimes.

Increasing the US arsenal at the scale recommended by the Project 2025 would likely compel rival nations—including Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea—to increase their defense budgets, warfighting plans, and nuclear weapons developments and deployments to match what they will see as an increasing threat from the United States. Allied nations will also be caught up in the competition, fueling an already existing nuclear arms race: Japan, South Korea, and even Germany could be pushed over the nuclear line.

programs weaken guardrails by withdrawals from arms control erosion of arms control and non-prolif is central goals


Question: Allied nations nuclear

PROLIFERATION---Japan, South Korea, AND Germany join-in on nuclear arms racing out of fear AND collapsed non-proliferation regimes.

Increasing the US arsenal at the scale recommended by the Project 2025 would likely compel rival nations—including Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea—to increase their defense budgets, warfighting plans, and nuclear weapons developments and deployments to match what they will see as an increasing threat from the United States. Allied nations will also be caught up in the competition, fueling an already existing nuclear arms race: Japan, South Korea, and even Germany could be pushed over the nuclear line.

programs weaken guardrails by withdrawals from arms control erosion of arms control and non-prolif is central goals


Question: US arsenal rival nations increase defense

PROLIFERATION---Japan, South Korea, AND Germany join-in on nuclear arms racing out of fear AND collapsed non-proliferation regimes.

Increasing the US arsenal at the scale recommended by the Project 2025 would likely compel rival nations—including Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea—to increase their defense budgets, warfighting plans, and nuclear weapons developments and deployments to match what they will see as an increasing threat from the United States. Allied nations will also be caught up in the competition, fueling an already existing nuclear arms race: Japan, South Korea, and even Germany could be pushed over the nuclear line.

programs weaken guardrails by withdrawals from arms control erosion of arms control and non-prolif is central goals


Question: Japan South Korea Germany nuclear

PROLIFERATION---Japan, South Korea, AND Germany join-in on nuclear arms racing out of fear AND collapsed non-proliferation regimes.

Increasing the US arsenal at the scale recommended by the Project 2025 would likely compel rival nations—including Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea—to increase their defense budgets, warfighting plans, and nuclear weapons developments and deployments to match what they will see as an increasing threat from the United States. Allied nations will also be caught up in the competition, fueling an already existing nuclear arms race: Japan, South Korea, and even Germany could be pushed over the nuclear line.

programs weaken guardrails by withdrawals from arms control erosion of arms control and non-prolif is central goals


Question: arms control erosion

PROLIFERATION---Japan, South Korea, AND Germany join-in on nuclear arms racing out of fear AND collapsed non-proliferation regimes.

Increasing the US arsenal at the scale recommended by the Project 2025 would likely compel rival nations—including Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea—to increase their defense budgets, warfighting plans, and nuclear weapons developments and deployments to match what they will see as an increasing threat from the United States. Allied nations will also be caught up in the competition, fueling an already existing nuclear arms race: Japan, South Korea, and even Germany could be pushed over the nuclear line.

programs weaken guardrails by withdrawals from arms control erosion of arms control and non-prolif is central goals


Question: non-proliferation regimes collapsed

PROLIFERATION---Japan, South Korea, AND Germany join-in on nuclear arms racing out of fear AND collapsed non-proliferation regimes.

Increasing the US arsenal at the scale recommended by the Project 2025 would likely compel rival nations—including Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea—to increase their defense budgets, warfighting plans, and nuclear weapons developments and deployments to match what they will see as an increasing threat from the United States. Allied nations will also be caught up in the competition, fueling an already existing nuclear arms race: Japan, South Korea, and even Germany could be pushed over the nuclear line.

programs weaken guardrails by withdrawals from arms control erosion of arms control and non-prolif is central goals


Question: Disease can't cause extinction

Disease can’t cause extinction

Ord  ’20 [Dr. Toby Ord, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126]

pandemic fall short of a threat to humanity biological theories suggest pathogens are unlikely to lead to extinction These include anti-correlation between infectiousness and lethality rarity of diseases that kill more than 75% tendency to become less virulent and optimal virulence In bubonic plagues civilization recover 50 percent death rate was not enough to collapse civilization is likely to make it through future events even if global


Question: Ord 20

Disease can’t cause extinction

Ord  ’20 [Dr. Toby Ord, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126]

pandemic fall short of a threat to humanity biological theories suggest pathogens are unlikely to lead to extinction These include anti-correlation between infectiousness and lethality rarity of diseases that kill more than 75% tendency to become less virulent and optimal virulence In bubonic plagues civilization recover 50 percent death rate was not enough to collapse civilization is likely to make it through future events even if global


Question: toby ord

Disease can’t cause extinction

Ord  ’20 [Dr. Toby Ord, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126]

pandemic fall short of a threat to humanity biological theories suggest pathogens are unlikely to lead to extinction These include anti-correlation between infectiousness and lethality rarity of diseases that kill more than 75% tendency to become less virulent and optimal virulence In bubonic plagues civilization recover 50 percent death rate was not enough to collapse civilization is likely to make it through future events even if global


Question: pandemics not extinction level

Disease can’t cause extinction

Ord  ’20 [Dr. Toby Ord, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126]

pandemic fall short of a threat to humanity biological theories suggest pathogens are unlikely to lead to extinction These include anti-correlation between infectiousness and lethality rarity of diseases that kill more than 75% tendency to become less virulent and optimal virulence In bubonic plagues civilization recover 50 percent death rate was not enough to collapse civilization is likely to make it through future events even if global


Question: bubonic plagues civilization recover

Disease can’t cause extinction

Ord  ’20 [Dr. Toby Ord, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126]

pandemic fall short of a threat to humanity biological theories suggest pathogens are unlikely to lead to extinction These include anti-correlation between infectiousness and lethality rarity of diseases that kill more than 75% tendency to become less virulent and optimal virulence In bubonic plagues civilization recover 50 percent death rate was not enough to collapse civilization is likely to make it through future events even if global


Question: pathogens unlikely to cause extinction

Disease can’t cause extinction

Ord  ’20 [Dr. Toby Ord, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126]

pandemic fall short of a threat to humanity biological theories suggest pathogens are unlikely to lead to extinction These include anti-correlation between infectiousness and lethality rarity of diseases that kill more than 75% tendency to become less virulent and optimal virulence In bubonic plagues civilization recover 50 percent death rate was not enough to collapse civilization is likely to make it through future events even if global


Question: disease extinction unlikely

Disease can’t cause extinction

Ord  ’20 [Dr. Toby Ord, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126]

pandemic fall short of a threat to humanity biological theories suggest pathogens are unlikely to lead to extinction These include anti-correlation between infectiousness and lethality rarity of diseases that kill more than 75% tendency to become less virulent and optimal virulence In bubonic plagues civilization recover 50 percent death rate was not enough to collapse civilization is likely to make it through future events even if global


Question: Resolved means enact by law

‘Resolved’ means to enact a policy by law.

Words and Phrases 64. Permanent Edition.

Definition of “resolve,” to express an opinion by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature ;” meaning “to establish by law”.


Question: Words and Phrases

‘Resolved’ means to enact a policy by law.

Words and Phrases 64. Permanent Edition.

Definition of “resolve,” to express an opinion by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature ;” meaning “to establish by law”.


Question: definition of resolve

‘Resolved’ means to enact a policy by law.

Words and Phrases 64. Permanent Edition.

Definition of “resolve,” to express an opinion by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature ;” meaning “to establish by law”.


Question: establish by law

‘Resolved’ means to enact a policy by law.

Words and Phrases 64. Permanent Edition.

Definition of “resolve,” to express an opinion by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature ;” meaning “to establish by law”.


Question: resolved definition

‘Resolved’ means to enact a policy by law.

Words and Phrases 64. Permanent Edition.

Definition of “resolve,” to express an opinion by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature ;” meaning “to establish by law”.


Question: legislature establish by law

‘Resolved’ means to enact a policy by law.

Words and Phrases 64. Permanent Edition.

Definition of “resolve,” to express an opinion by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature ;” meaning “to establish by law”.


Question: Superintelligence won't exist

--Superintelligence won’t exist.

Stearn 22’ – Joseph, Independent Institute. “reviewing “The Myth of Artificial Intelligence” by Erik Larson at Harvard University.”, The Independent Review, Vol. 26, No. 4, https://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?id=1702, xx-xx-2022

errors in intelligence have led to a theoretical impasse AI paradigms that play god -like chess cannot understand basic natural-language Human intelligence requires abductive inference No one knows how to program inference inevitability is a myth this kind of AI is a dead-end track


Question: Stearn 22

--Superintelligence won’t exist.

Stearn 22’ – Joseph, Independent Institute. “reviewing “The Myth of Artificial Intelligence” by Erik Larson at Harvard University.”, The Independent Review, Vol. 26, No. 4, https://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?id=1702, xx-xx-2022

errors in intelligence have led to a theoretical impasse AI paradigms that play god -like chess cannot understand basic natural-language Human intelligence requires abductive inference No one knows how to program inference inevitability is a myth this kind of AI is a dead-end track


Question: AI is a myth

--Superintelligence won’t exist.

Stearn 22’ – Joseph, Independent Institute. “reviewing “The Myth of Artificial Intelligence” by Erik Larson at Harvard University.”, The Independent Review, Vol. 26, No. 4, https://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?id=1702, xx-xx-2022

errors in intelligence have led to a theoretical impasse AI paradigms that play god -like chess cannot understand basic natural-language Human intelligence requires abductive inference No one knows how to program inference inevitability is a myth this kind of AI is a dead-end track


Question: Human intelligence requires abductive inference

--Superintelligence won’t exist.

Stearn 22’ – Joseph, Independent Institute. “reviewing “The Myth of Artificial Intelligence” by Erik Larson at Harvard University.”, The Independent Review, Vol. 26, No. 4, https://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?id=1702, xx-xx-2022

errors in intelligence have led to a theoretical impasse AI paradigms that play god -like chess cannot understand basic natural-language Human intelligence requires abductive inference No one knows how to program inference inevitability is a myth this kind of AI is a dead-end track


Question: AI paradigms cannot understand language

--Superintelligence won’t exist.

Stearn 22’ – Joseph, Independent Institute. “reviewing “The Myth of Artificial Intelligence” by Erik Larson at Harvard University.”, The Independent Review, Vol. 26, No. 4, https://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?id=1702, xx-xx-2022

errors in intelligence have led to a theoretical impasse AI paradigms that play god -like chess cannot understand basic natural-language Human intelligence requires abductive inference No one knows how to program inference inevitability is a myth this kind of AI is a dead-end track


Question: superintelligence is a dead end

--Superintelligence won’t exist.

Stearn 22’ – Joseph, Independent Institute. “reviewing “The Myth of Artificial Intelligence” by Erik Larson at Harvard University.”, The Independent Review, Vol. 26, No. 4, https://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?id=1702, xx-xx-2022

errors in intelligence have led to a theoretical impasse AI paradigms that play god -like chess cannot understand basic natural-language Human intelligence requires abductive inference No one knows how to program inference inevitability is a myth this kind of AI is a dead-end track


Question: no AI

--Superintelligence won’t exist.

Stearn 22’ – Joseph, Independent Institute. “reviewing “The Myth of Artificial Intelligence” by Erik Larson at Harvard University.”, The Independent Review, Vol. 26, No. 4, https://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?id=1702, xx-xx-2022

errors in intelligence have led to a theoretical impasse AI paradigms that play god -like chess cannot understand basic natural-language Human intelligence requires abductive inference No one knows how to program inference inevitability is a myth this kind of AI is a dead-end track


Question: Erik Larson AI myth

--Superintelligence won’t exist.

Stearn 22’ – Joseph, Independent Institute. “reviewing “The Myth of Artificial Intelligence” by Erik Larson at Harvard University.”, The Independent Review, Vol. 26, No. 4, https://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?id=1702, xx-xx-2022

errors in intelligence have led to a theoretical impasse AI paradigms that play god -like chess cannot understand basic natural-language Human intelligence requires abductive inference No one knows how to program inference inevitability is a myth this kind of AI is a dead-end track


Question: lack of specification wrecks solvency

Indpendently, lack of specification wrecks solvency

Calder 15 [Jack Calder, IMF Consultant “Administration of a US Carbon Tax” in Implementing a US Carbon Tax¸ Routledge, p. 43]

Tax of GHG would be complex It is important to define policy clearly If a CT objective is to tax emissions and later its objective is to tax non-mobile emissions or consumption it may be difficult to meet that objective


Question: Calder 15

Indpendently, lack of specification wrecks solvency

Calder 15 [Jack Calder, IMF Consultant “Administration of a US Carbon Tax” in Implementing a US Carbon Tax¸ Routledge, p. 43]

Tax of GHG would be complex It is important to define policy clearly If a CT objective is to tax emissions and later its objective is to tax non-mobile emissions or consumption it may be difficult to meet that objective


Question: Jack Calder carbon tax

Indpendently, lack of specification wrecks solvency

Calder 15 [Jack Calder, IMF Consultant “Administration of a US Carbon Tax” in Implementing a US Carbon Tax¸ Routledge, p. 43]

Tax of GHG would be complex It is important to define policy clearly If a CT objective is to tax emissions and later its objective is to tax non-mobile emissions or consumption it may be difficult to meet that objective


Question: tax emissions and consumption

Indpendently, lack of specification wrecks solvency

Calder 15 [Jack Calder, IMF Consultant “Administration of a US Carbon Tax” in Implementing a US Carbon Tax¸ Routledge, p. 43]

Tax of GHG would be complex It is important to define policy clearly If a CT objective is to tax emissions and later its objective is to tax non-mobile emissions or consumption it may be difficult to meet that objective


Question: define policy clearly

Indpendently, lack of specification wrecks solvency

Calder 15 [Jack Calder, IMF Consultant “Administration of a US Carbon Tax” in Implementing a US Carbon Tax¸ Routledge, p. 43]

Tax of GHG would be complex It is important to define policy clearly If a CT objective is to tax emissions and later its objective is to tax non-mobile emissions or consumption it may be difficult to meet that objective


Question: carbon tax objective

Indpendently, lack of specification wrecks solvency

Calder 15 [Jack Calder, IMF Consultant “Administration of a US Carbon Tax” in Implementing a US Carbon Tax¸ Routledge, p. 43]

Tax of GHG would be complex It is important to define policy clearly If a CT objective is to tax emissions and later its objective is to tax non-mobile emissions or consumption it may be difficult to meet that objective


Question: AND solving warming

AND solving warming.

Balme 14 , Professor at the Paris School of International Affairs, (Richard, “Multi-Level Governance and the Environment: Intergovernmental Relations and Innovation in Environmental Policy”, Environmental Policy and Governance, Volume 24, Issue 3)

policies adopted by the fed remain  limited coordination remains partial , and limit their effectiveness . Decentralization is regularly advocated by studies of environmental policies decentralization allows jurisdictions to control for their own pollution empirical effects are increasingly documented decentralization allows for policies better suited for local conditions centralization has limitations : little reactivity to local circumstances limited innovation and a  strict dependence on bureaucracies  and  top-down implementation hostility or lack of political will Territorial governments are more likely to be responsive to local circumstances local institutions may facilitate bottom-up emergence  of  self-governing arrangements


Question: balme 14

AND solving warming.

Balme 14 , Professor at the Paris School of International Affairs, (Richard, “Multi-Level Governance and the Environment: Intergovernmental Relations and Innovation in Environmental Policy”, Environmental Policy and Governance, Volume 24, Issue 3)

policies adopted by the fed remain  limited coordination remains partial , and limit their effectiveness . Decentralization is regularly advocated by studies of environmental policies decentralization allows jurisdictions to control for their own pollution empirical effects are increasingly documented decentralization allows for policies better suited for local conditions centralization has limitations : little reactivity to local circumstances limited innovation and a  strict dependence on bureaucracies  and  top-down implementation hostility or lack of political will Territorial governments are more likely to be responsive to local circumstances local institutions may facilitate bottom-up emergence  of  self-governing arrangements


Question: Richard balme

AND solving warming.

Balme 14 , Professor at the Paris School of International Affairs, (Richard, “Multi-Level Governance and the Environment: Intergovernmental Relations and Innovation in Environmental Policy”, Environmental Policy and Governance, Volume 24, Issue 3)

policies adopted by the fed remain  limited coordination remains partial , and limit their effectiveness . Decentralization is regularly advocated by studies of environmental policies decentralization allows jurisdictions to control for their own pollution empirical effects are increasingly documented decentralization allows for policies better suited for local conditions centralization has limitations : little reactivity to local circumstances limited innovation and a  strict dependence on bureaucracies  and  top-down implementation hostility or lack of political will Territorial governments are more likely to be responsive to local circumstances local institutions may facilitate bottom-up emergence  of  self-governing arrangements


Question: Decentralization solves warming

AND solving warming.

Balme 14 , Professor at the Paris School of International Affairs, (Richard, “Multi-Level Governance and the Environment: Intergovernmental Relations and Innovation in Environmental Policy”, Environmental Policy and Governance, Volume 24, Issue 3)

policies adopted by the fed remain  limited coordination remains partial , and limit their effectiveness . Decentralization is regularly advocated by studies of environmental policies decentralization allows jurisdictions to control for their own pollution empirical effects are increasingly documented decentralization allows for policies better suited for local conditions centralization has limitations : little reactivity to local circumstances limited innovation and a  strict dependence on bureaucracies  and  top-down implementation hostility or lack of political will Territorial governments are more likely to be responsive to local circumstances local institutions may facilitate bottom-up emergence  of  self-governing arrangements


Question: local institutions self-governing

AND solving warming.

Balme 14 , Professor at the Paris School of International Affairs, (Richard, “Multi-Level Governance and the Environment: Intergovernmental Relations and Innovation in Environmental Policy”, Environmental Policy and Governance, Volume 24, Issue 3)

policies adopted by the fed remain  limited coordination remains partial , and limit their effectiveness . Decentralization is regularly advocated by studies of environmental policies decentralization allows jurisdictions to control for their own pollution empirical effects are increasingly documented decentralization allows for policies better suited for local conditions centralization has limitations : little reactivity to local circumstances limited innovation and a  strict dependence on bureaucracies  and  top-down implementation hostility or lack of political will Territorial governments are more likely to be responsive to local circumstances local institutions may facilitate bottom-up emergence  of  self-governing arrangements


Question: environmental policy and governance

AND solving warming.

Balme 14 , Professor at the Paris School of International Affairs, (Richard, “Multi-Level Governance and the Environment: Intergovernmental Relations and Innovation in Environmental Policy”, Environmental Policy and Governance, Volume 24, Issue 3)

policies adopted by the fed remain  limited coordination remains partial , and limit their effectiveness . Decentralization is regularly advocated by studies of environmental policies decentralization allows jurisdictions to control for their own pollution empirical effects are increasingly documented decentralization allows for policies better suited for local conditions centralization has limitations : little reactivity to local circumstances limited innovation and a  strict dependence on bureaucracies  and  top-down implementation hostility or lack of political will Territorial governments are more likely to be responsive to local circumstances local institutions may facilitate bottom-up emergence  of  self-governing arrangements


Question: local circumstances warming

AND solving warming.

Balme 14 , Professor at the Paris School of International Affairs, (Richard, “Multi-Level Governance and the Environment: Intergovernmental Relations and Innovation in Environmental Policy”, Environmental Policy and Governance, Volume 24, Issue 3)

policies adopted by the fed remain  limited coordination remains partial , and limit their effectiveness . Decentralization is regularly advocated by studies of environmental policies decentralization allows jurisdictions to control for their own pollution empirical effects are increasingly documented decentralization allows for policies better suited for local conditions centralization has limitations : little reactivity to local circumstances limited innovation and a  strict dependence on bureaucracies  and  top-down implementation hostility or lack of political will Territorial governments are more likely to be responsive to local circumstances local institutions may facilitate bottom-up emergence  of  self-governing arrangements


Question: local control pollution

AND solving warming.

Balme 14 , Professor at the Paris School of International Affairs, (Richard, “Multi-Level Governance and the Environment: Intergovernmental Relations and Innovation in Environmental Policy”, Environmental Policy and Governance, Volume 24, Issue 3)

policies adopted by the fed remain  limited coordination remains partial , and limit their effectiveness . Decentralization is regularly advocated by studies of environmental policies decentralization allows jurisdictions to control for their own pollution empirical effects are increasingly documented decentralization allows for policies better suited for local conditions centralization has limitations : little reactivity to local circumstances limited innovation and a  strict dependence on bureaucracies  and  top-down implementation hostility or lack of political will Territorial governments are more likely to be responsive to local circumstances local institutions may facilitate bottom-up emergence  of  self-governing arrangements


Question: Calculative approaches to the environment bad

Calculative approaches to the environment ignores that non-knowledge is inevitable. The aff is an attempt to regulate emissions in a closed system, that ignores relational approaches to the environment.

Mollie Painter-Morland 17. Professor @ Nottingham Trent University, Geert Demuijnck, Professor & Head of Faculty @ EDHEC. “The problem with the idea that « only what can be measured can be managed » : Bataillean intuitions.” Rue Descartes, Vol. 1, No. 91. 2017. https://shs.cairn.info/revue-rue-descartes-2017-1-page-150?lang=fr

behavior focus on the affective territory in-between individuals Relational space defies measurement what is immeasurable is valued embrace relationality in a way that defies measurement sustainability would be better served by not focused on scarcity but sovereignty computation ignore knowledge that threaten mastery ignored « non-knowledge renders knowledge useless we regulate carbon emissions based on a closed system , through carbon credits return to the lived experience risking ourselves, being open to transformations


Question: Painter-Morland 17

Calculative approaches to the environment ignores that non-knowledge is inevitable. The aff is an attempt to regulate emissions in a closed system, that ignores relational approaches to the environment.

Mollie Painter-Morland 17. Professor @ Nottingham Trent University, Geert Demuijnck, Professor & Head of Faculty @ EDHEC. “The problem with the idea that « only what can be measured can be managed » : Bataillean intuitions.” Rue Descartes, Vol. 1, No. 91. 2017. https://shs.cairn.info/revue-rue-descartes-2017-1-page-150?lang=fr

behavior focus on the affective territory in-between individuals Relational space defies measurement what is immeasurable is valued embrace relationality in a way that defies measurement sustainability would be better served by not focused on scarcity but sovereignty computation ignore knowledge that threaten mastery ignored « non-knowledge renders knowledge useless we regulate carbon emissions based on a closed system , through carbon credits return to the lived experience risking ourselves, being open to transformations


Question: Mollie Painter-Morland

Calculative approaches to the environment ignores that non-knowledge is inevitable. The aff is an attempt to regulate emissions in a closed system, that ignores relational approaches to the environment.

Mollie Painter-Morland 17. Professor @ Nottingham Trent University, Geert Demuijnck, Professor & Head of Faculty @ EDHEC. “The problem with the idea that « only what can be measured can be managed » : Bataillean intuitions.” Rue Descartes, Vol. 1, No. 91. 2017. https://shs.cairn.info/revue-rue-descartes-2017-1-page-150?lang=fr

behavior focus on the affective territory in-between individuals Relational space defies measurement what is immeasurable is valued embrace relationality in a way that defies measurement sustainability would be better served by not focused on scarcity but sovereignty computation ignore knowledge that threaten mastery ignored « non-knowledge renders knowledge useless we regulate carbon emissions based on a closed system , through carbon credits return to the lived experience risking ourselves, being open to transformations


Question: non-knowledge is inevitable

Calculative approaches to the environment ignores that non-knowledge is inevitable. The aff is an attempt to regulate emissions in a closed system, that ignores relational approaches to the environment.

Mollie Painter-Morland 17. Professor @ Nottingham Trent University, Geert Demuijnck, Professor & Head of Faculty @ EDHEC. “The problem with the idea that « only what can be measured can be managed » : Bataillean intuitions.” Rue Descartes, Vol. 1, No. 91. 2017. https://shs.cairn.info/revue-rue-descartes-2017-1-page-150?lang=fr

behavior focus on the affective territory in-between individuals Relational space defies measurement what is immeasurable is valued embrace relationality in a way that defies measurement sustainability would be better served by not focused on scarcity but sovereignty computation ignore knowledge that threaten mastery ignored « non-knowledge renders knowledge useless we regulate carbon emissions based on a closed system , through carbon credits return to the lived experience risking ourselves, being open to transformations


Question: carbon emissions closed system

Calculative approaches to the environment ignores that non-knowledge is inevitable. The aff is an attempt to regulate emissions in a closed system, that ignores relational approaches to the environment.

Mollie Painter-Morland 17. Professor @ Nottingham Trent University, Geert Demuijnck, Professor & Head of Faculty @ EDHEC. “The problem with the idea that « only what can be measured can be managed » : Bataillean intuitions.” Rue Descartes, Vol. 1, No. 91. 2017. https://shs.cairn.info/revue-rue-descartes-2017-1-page-150?lang=fr

behavior focus on the affective territory in-between individuals Relational space defies measurement what is immeasurable is valued embrace relationality in a way that defies measurement sustainability would be better served by not focused on scarcity but sovereignty computation ignore knowledge that threaten mastery ignored « non-knowledge renders knowledge useless we regulate carbon emissions based on a closed system , through carbon credits return to the lived experience risking ourselves, being open to transformations


Question: relational approaches to the environment

Calculative approaches to the environment ignores that non-knowledge is inevitable. The aff is an attempt to regulate emissions in a closed system, that ignores relational approaches to the environment.

Mollie Painter-Morland 17. Professor @ Nottingham Trent University, Geert Demuijnck, Professor & Head of Faculty @ EDHEC. “The problem with the idea that « only what can be measured can be managed » : Bataillean intuitions.” Rue Descartes, Vol. 1, No. 91. 2017. https://shs.cairn.info/revue-rue-descartes-2017-1-page-150?lang=fr

behavior focus on the affective territory in-between individuals Relational space defies measurement what is immeasurable is valued embrace relationality in a way that defies measurement sustainability would be better served by not focused on scarcity but sovereignty computation ignore knowledge that threaten mastery ignored « non-knowledge renders knowledge useless we regulate carbon emissions based on a closed system , through carbon credits return to the lived experience risking ourselves, being open to transformations


Question: only what can be measured can be managed

Calculative approaches to the environment ignores that non-knowledge is inevitable. The aff is an attempt to regulate emissions in a closed system, that ignores relational approaches to the environment.

Mollie Painter-Morland 17. Professor @ Nottingham Trent University, Geert Demuijnck, Professor & Head of Faculty @ EDHEC. “The problem with the idea that « only what can be measured can be managed » : Bataillean intuitions.” Rue Descartes, Vol. 1, No. 91. 2017. https://shs.cairn.info/revue-rue-descartes-2017-1-page-150?lang=fr

behavior focus on the affective territory in-between individuals Relational space defies measurement what is immeasurable is valued embrace relationality in a way that defies measurement sustainability would be better served by not focused on scarcity but sovereignty computation ignore knowledge that threaten mastery ignored « non-knowledge renders knowledge useless we regulate carbon emissions based on a closed system , through carbon credits return to the lived experience risking ourselves, being open to transformations


Question: Perm regulated capitalism solves

Perm---do the aff and embrace regulated capitalism. That  solves---the alt throws out the baby with the bathwater, but the permutation solves.

Budolfson 21 – Associate Professor of Ethics, Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at the University of Texas at Austin. Ph.D. from Princeton.

capitalism is an essential component of health and justice capitalism can be implemented poorly But that does not mean we should turn against Over human history increases in health and justice occurred as a result of capitalism these improvements could not and would not have happened under any alternative capitalism is a driver of life expectancy lowered mortality adequate calories minimized disease and poverty more happiness and justice reduced war and homicide higher human rights and literacy These positive s outweigh negative s poverty can be eliminated faster via regulated capitalism than any alt If we opt for less capitalism growth and globalization poverty will continue there would be overpopulation food insecurity pollution injustice capitalism can be combined with environmental reg s nations reduce degradation as they become wealthier nations nearing peak will remain stuck if we stall growth regulated capitalism is the best way of coping with climate change regulated capitalism is the ethically optimal system


Question: Budolfson 21

Perm---do the aff and embrace regulated capitalism. That  solves---the alt throws out the baby with the bathwater, but the permutation solves.

Budolfson 21 – Associate Professor of Ethics, Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at the University of Texas at Austin. Ph.D. from Princeton.

capitalism is an essential component of health and justice capitalism can be implemented poorly But that does not mean we should turn against Over human history increases in health and justice occurred as a result of capitalism these improvements could not and would not have happened under any alternative capitalism is a driver of life expectancy lowered mortality adequate calories minimized disease and poverty more happiness and justice reduced war and homicide higher human rights and literacy These positive s outweigh negative s poverty can be eliminated faster via regulated capitalism than any alt If we opt for less capitalism growth and globalization poverty will continue there would be overpopulation food insecurity pollution injustice capitalism can be combined with environmental reg s nations reduce degradation as they become wealthier nations nearing peak will remain stuck if we stall growth regulated capitalism is the best way of coping with climate change regulated capitalism is the ethically optimal system


Question: regulated capitalism solves

Perm---do the aff and embrace regulated capitalism. That  solves---the alt throws out the baby with the bathwater, but the permutation solves.

Budolfson 21 – Associate Professor of Ethics, Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at the University of Texas at Austin. Ph.D. from Princeton.

capitalism is an essential component of health and justice capitalism can be implemented poorly But that does not mean we should turn against Over human history increases in health and justice occurred as a result of capitalism these improvements could not and would not have happened under any alternative capitalism is a driver of life expectancy lowered mortality adequate calories minimized disease and poverty more happiness and justice reduced war and homicide higher human rights and literacy These positive s outweigh negative s poverty can be eliminated faster via regulated capitalism than any alt If we opt for less capitalism growth and globalization poverty will continue there would be overpopulation food insecurity pollution injustice capitalism can be combined with environmental reg s nations reduce degradation as they become wealthier nations nearing peak will remain stuck if we stall growth regulated capitalism is the best way of coping with climate change regulated capitalism is the ethically optimal system


Question: capitalism good

Perm---do the aff and embrace regulated capitalism. That  solves---the alt throws out the baby with the bathwater, but the permutation solves.

Budolfson 21 – Associate Professor of Ethics, Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at the University of Texas at Austin. Ph.D. from Princeton.

capitalism is an essential component of health and justice capitalism can be implemented poorly But that does not mean we should turn against Over human history increases in health and justice occurred as a result of capitalism these improvements could not and would not have happened under any alternative capitalism is a driver of life expectancy lowered mortality adequate calories minimized disease and poverty more happiness and justice reduced war and homicide higher human rights and literacy These positive s outweigh negative s poverty can be eliminated faster via regulated capitalism than any alt If we opt for less capitalism growth and globalization poverty will continue there would be overpopulation food insecurity pollution injustice capitalism can be combined with environmental reg s nations reduce degradation as they become wealthier nations nearing peak will remain stuck if we stall growth regulated capitalism is the best way of coping with climate change regulated capitalism is the ethically optimal system


Question: Regulated capitalism best ethically

Perm---do the aff and embrace regulated capitalism. That  solves---the alt throws out the baby with the bathwater, but the permutation solves.

Budolfson 21 – Associate Professor of Ethics, Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at the University of Texas at Austin. Ph.D. from Princeton.

capitalism is an essential component of health and justice capitalism can be implemented poorly But that does not mean we should turn against Over human history increases in health and justice occurred as a result of capitalism these improvements could not and would not have happened under any alternative capitalism is a driver of life expectancy lowered mortality adequate calories minimized disease and poverty more happiness and justice reduced war and homicide higher human rights and literacy These positive s outweigh negative s poverty can be eliminated faster via regulated capitalism than any alt If we opt for less capitalism growth and globalization poverty will continue there would be overpopulation food insecurity pollution injustice capitalism can be combined with environmental reg s nations reduce degradation as they become wealthier nations nearing peak will remain stuck if we stall growth regulated capitalism is the best way of coping with climate change regulated capitalism is the ethically optimal system


Question: permutation solves

Perm---do the aff and embrace regulated capitalism. That  solves---the alt throws out the baby with the bathwater, but the permutation solves.

Budolfson 21 – Associate Professor of Ethics, Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at the University of Texas at Austin. Ph.D. from Princeton.

capitalism is an essential component of health and justice capitalism can be implemented poorly But that does not mean we should turn against Over human history increases in health and justice occurred as a result of capitalism these improvements could not and would not have happened under any alternative capitalism is a driver of life expectancy lowered mortality adequate calories minimized disease and poverty more happiness and justice reduced war and homicide higher human rights and literacy These positive s outweigh negative s poverty can be eliminated faster via regulated capitalism than any alt If we opt for less capitalism growth and globalization poverty will continue there would be overpopulation food insecurity pollution injustice capitalism can be combined with environmental reg s nations reduce degradation as they become wealthier nations nearing peak will remain stuck if we stall growth regulated capitalism is the best way of coping with climate change regulated capitalism is the ethically optimal system


Question: Ethics of capitalism

Perm---do the aff and embrace regulated capitalism. That  solves---the alt throws out the baby with the bathwater, but the permutation solves.

Budolfson 21 – Associate Professor of Ethics, Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at the University of Texas at Austin. Ph.D. from Princeton.

capitalism is an essential component of health and justice capitalism can be implemented poorly But that does not mean we should turn against Over human history increases in health and justice occurred as a result of capitalism these improvements could not and would not have happened under any alternative capitalism is a driver of life expectancy lowered mortality adequate calories minimized disease and poverty more happiness and justice reduced war and homicide higher human rights and literacy These positive s outweigh negative s poverty can be eliminated faster via regulated capitalism than any alt If we opt for less capitalism growth and globalization poverty will continue there would be overpopulation food insecurity pollution injustice capitalism can be combined with environmental reg s nations reduce degradation as they become wealthier nations nearing peak will remain stuck if we stall growth regulated capitalism is the best way of coping with climate change regulated capitalism is the ethically optimal system


Question: capitalism improves health and justice

Perm---do the aff and embrace regulated capitalism. That  solves---the alt throws out the baby with the bathwater, but the permutation solves.

Budolfson 21 – Associate Professor of Ethics, Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at the University of Texas at Austin. Ph.D. from Princeton.

capitalism is an essential component of health and justice capitalism can be implemented poorly But that does not mean we should turn against Over human history increases in health and justice occurred as a result of capitalism these improvements could not and would not have happened under any alternative capitalism is a driver of life expectancy lowered mortality adequate calories minimized disease and poverty more happiness and justice reduced war and homicide higher human rights and literacy These positive s outweigh negative s poverty can be eliminated faster via regulated capitalism than any alt If we opt for less capitalism growth and globalization poverty will continue there would be overpopulation food insecurity pollution injustice capitalism can be combined with environmental reg s nations reduce degradation as they become wealthier nations nearing peak will remain stuck if we stall growth regulated capitalism is the best way of coping with climate change regulated capitalism is the ethically optimal system


Question: The link is cut and dry

The link is cut and dry. 1AC Robyn, says

Dorothy Robyn 22, ITIF Center for Clean Energy Innovation and Boston University Institute for Global Sustainability, 8/15/2022, “Mission, Money, and Process Makeover: How Federal Procurement Can Catalyze Clean Energy Investment and Innovation,” https://itif.org/publications/2022/08/15/mission-money-and-process-makeover-how-federal-procurement-can-catalyze-clean-energy-investment-and-innovation/

procurement represents a demand-pull tool encouraging innovation could facilitate the adoption and diffusion of clean energy tech more broadly


Question: Dorothy Robyn 22

The link is cut and dry. 1AC Robyn, says

Dorothy Robyn 22, ITIF Center for Clean Energy Innovation and Boston University Institute for Global Sustainability, 8/15/2022, “Mission, Money, and Process Makeover: How Federal Procurement Can Catalyze Clean Energy Investment and Innovation,” https://itif.org/publications/2022/08/15/mission-money-and-process-makeover-how-federal-procurement-can-catalyze-clean-energy-investment-and-innovation/

procurement represents a demand-pull tool encouraging innovation could facilitate the adoption and diffusion of clean energy tech more broadly


Question: procurement encourages innovation

The link is cut and dry. 1AC Robyn, says

Dorothy Robyn 22, ITIF Center for Clean Energy Innovation and Boston University Institute for Global Sustainability, 8/15/2022, “Mission, Money, and Process Makeover: How Federal Procurement Can Catalyze Clean Energy Investment and Innovation,” https://itif.org/publications/2022/08/15/mission-money-and-process-makeover-how-federal-procurement-can-catalyze-clean-energy-investment-and-innovation/

procurement represents a demand-pull tool encouraging innovation could facilitate the adoption and diffusion of clean energy tech more broadly


Question: demand-pull tool

The link is cut and dry. 1AC Robyn, says

Dorothy Robyn 22, ITIF Center for Clean Energy Innovation and Boston University Institute for Global Sustainability, 8/15/2022, “Mission, Money, and Process Makeover: How Federal Procurement Can Catalyze Clean Energy Investment and Innovation,” https://itif.org/publications/2022/08/15/mission-money-and-process-makeover-how-federal-procurement-can-catalyze-clean-energy-investment-and-innovation/

procurement represents a demand-pull tool encouraging innovation could facilitate the adoption and diffusion of clean energy tech more broadly


Question: adoption of clean energy tech

The link is cut and dry. 1AC Robyn, says

Dorothy Robyn 22, ITIF Center for Clean Energy Innovation and Boston University Institute for Global Sustainability, 8/15/2022, “Mission, Money, and Process Makeover: How Federal Procurement Can Catalyze Clean Energy Investment and Innovation,” https://itif.org/publications/2022/08/15/mission-money-and-process-makeover-how-federal-procurement-can-catalyze-clean-energy-investment-and-innovation/

procurement represents a demand-pull tool encouraging innovation could facilitate the adoption and diffusion of clean energy tech more broadly


Question: The court will kill it

The court will kill it.

Sturges ’24 [Frank, Shaun Goho, Veronica Saltzman, and Mary Sasso; July 15; attorneys for the Clean Air Task Force; Clean Air Task Force, “Advocating for climate and clean air rules after a Supreme Court power grab,” https://www.catf.us/2024/07/advocating-climate-clean-air-rules-after-supreme-court-power-grab/]

the Supreme Court Destabilize environmental regulation these setbacks make it more difficult to defend pollution controls that defend against climate Court put on hold an EPA regulation to prevent upwind states from harming downwind states the Court nitpicked to find a single argument tangentially raised the Court was aggressive


Question: Sturges 24

The court will kill it.

Sturges ’24 [Frank, Shaun Goho, Veronica Saltzman, and Mary Sasso; July 15; attorneys for the Clean Air Task Force; Clean Air Task Force, “Advocating for climate and clean air rules after a Supreme Court power grab,” https://www.catf.us/2024/07/advocating-climate-clean-air-rules-after-supreme-court-power-grab/]

the Supreme Court Destabilize environmental regulation these setbacks make it more difficult to defend pollution controls that defend against climate Court put on hold an EPA regulation to prevent upwind states from harming downwind states the Court nitpicked to find a single argument tangentially raised the Court was aggressive


Question: Supreme court destabilize environmental regulation

The court will kill it.

Sturges ’24 [Frank, Shaun Goho, Veronica Saltzman, and Mary Sasso; July 15; attorneys for the Clean Air Task Force; Clean Air Task Force, “Advocating for climate and clean air rules after a Supreme Court power grab,” https://www.catf.us/2024/07/advocating-climate-clean-air-rules-after-supreme-court-power-grab/]

the Supreme Court Destabilize environmental regulation these setbacks make it more difficult to defend pollution controls that defend against climate Court put on hold an EPA regulation to prevent upwind states from harming downwind states the Court nitpicked to find a single argument tangentially raised the Court was aggressive


Question: Supreme court power grab

The court will kill it.

Sturges ’24 [Frank, Shaun Goho, Veronica Saltzman, and Mary Sasso; July 15; attorneys for the Clean Air Task Force; Clean Air Task Force, “Advocating for climate and clean air rules after a Supreme Court power grab,” https://www.catf.us/2024/07/advocating-climate-clean-air-rules-after-supreme-court-power-grab/]

the Supreme Court Destabilize environmental regulation these setbacks make it more difficult to defend pollution controls that defend against climate Court put on hold an EPA regulation to prevent upwind states from harming downwind states the Court nitpicked to find a single argument tangentially raised the Court was aggressive


Question: EPA regulation put on hold

The court will kill it.

Sturges ’24 [Frank, Shaun Goho, Veronica Saltzman, and Mary Sasso; July 15; attorneys for the Clean Air Task Force; Clean Air Task Force, “Advocating for climate and clean air rules after a Supreme Court power grab,” https://www.catf.us/2024/07/advocating-climate-clean-air-rules-after-supreme-court-power-grab/]

the Supreme Court Destabilize environmental regulation these setbacks make it more difficult to defend pollution controls that defend against climate Court put on hold an EPA regulation to prevent upwind states from harming downwind states the Court nitpicked to find a single argument tangentially raised the Court was aggressive


Question: Court is aggressive to EPA

The court will kill it.

Sturges ’24 [Frank, Shaun Goho, Veronica Saltzman, and Mary Sasso; July 15; attorneys for the Clean Air Task Force; Clean Air Task Force, “Advocating for climate and clean air rules after a Supreme Court power grab,” https://www.catf.us/2024/07/advocating-climate-clean-air-rules-after-supreme-court-power-grab/]

the Supreme Court Destabilize environmental regulation these setbacks make it more difficult to defend pollution controls that defend against climate Court put on hold an EPA regulation to prevent upwind states from harming downwind states the Court nitpicked to find a single argument tangentially raised the Court was aggressive


Question: Supreme Court environmental regulation

The court will kill it.

Sturges ’24 [Frank, Shaun Goho, Veronica Saltzman, and Mary Sasso; July 15; attorneys for the Clean Air Task Force; Clean Air Task Force, “Advocating for climate and clean air rules after a Supreme Court power grab,” https://www.catf.us/2024/07/advocating-climate-clean-air-rules-after-supreme-court-power-grab/]

the Supreme Court Destabilize environmental regulation these setbacks make it more difficult to defend pollution controls that defend against climate Court put on hold an EPA regulation to prevent upwind states from harming downwind states the Court nitpicked to find a single argument tangentially raised the Court was aggressive


Question: States no banking influence

States have no international banking influence.

Dan Awrey 24. Professor of Law at Cornell University. “Money and Federalism.” European Corporate Governance Institute. 7-2024. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4848952

apex of international finance makes sense for U S given financial stability implications stemming from assets out of reach of U.S. state regulators do not speak with one voice Nor represented on international bodies like Basel influence pales in comparison to Fed clear  dividends from shifting regulation to fed states are not well-positioned lack toolkit resources to respond to instability


Question: Awrey 24

States have no international banking influence.

Dan Awrey 24. Professor of Law at Cornell University. “Money and Federalism.” European Corporate Governance Institute. 7-2024. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4848952

apex of international finance makes sense for U S given financial stability implications stemming from assets out of reach of U.S. state regulators do not speak with one voice Nor represented on international bodies like Basel influence pales in comparison to Fed clear  dividends from shifting regulation to fed states are not well-positioned lack toolkit resources to respond to instability


Question: Dan Awrey

States have no international banking influence.

Dan Awrey 24. Professor of Law at Cornell University. “Money and Federalism.” European Corporate Governance Institute. 7-2024. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4848952

apex of international finance makes sense for U S given financial stability implications stemming from assets out of reach of U.S. state regulators do not speak with one voice Nor represented on international bodies like Basel influence pales in comparison to Fed clear  dividends from shifting regulation to fed states are not well-positioned lack toolkit resources to respond to instability


Question: states not represented internationally

States have no international banking influence.

Dan Awrey 24. Professor of Law at Cornell University. “Money and Federalism.” European Corporate Governance Institute. 7-2024. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4848952

apex of international finance makes sense for U S given financial stability implications stemming from assets out of reach of U.S. state regulators do not speak with one voice Nor represented on international bodies like Basel influence pales in comparison to Fed clear  dividends from shifting regulation to fed states are not well-positioned lack toolkit resources to respond to instability


Question: states lack resources instability

States have no international banking influence.

Dan Awrey 24. Professor of Law at Cornell University. “Money and Federalism.” European Corporate Governance Institute. 7-2024. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4848952

apex of international finance makes sense for U S given financial stability implications stemming from assets out of reach of U.S. state regulators do not speak with one voice Nor represented on international bodies like Basel influence pales in comparison to Fed clear  dividends from shifting regulation to fed states are not well-positioned lack toolkit resources to respond to instability


Question: states not well positioned

States have no international banking influence.

Dan Awrey 24. Professor of Law at Cornell University. “Money and Federalism.” European Corporate Governance Institute. 7-2024. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4848952

apex of international finance makes sense for U S given financial stability implications stemming from assets out of reach of U.S. state regulators do not speak with one voice Nor represented on international bodies like Basel influence pales in comparison to Fed clear  dividends from shifting regulation to fed states are not well-positioned lack toolkit resources to respond to instability


Question: international finance US

States have no international banking influence.

Dan Awrey 24. Professor of Law at Cornell University. “Money and Federalism.” European Corporate Governance Institute. 7-2024. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4848952

apex of international finance makes sense for U S given financial stability implications stemming from assets out of reach of U.S. state regulators do not speak with one voice Nor represented on international bodies like Basel influence pales in comparison to Fed clear  dividends from shifting regulation to fed states are not well-positioned lack toolkit resources to respond to instability


Question: federalism banking

States have no international banking influence.

Dan Awrey 24. Professor of Law at Cornell University. “Money and Federalism.” European Corporate Governance Institute. 7-2024. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4848952

apex of international finance makes sense for U S given financial stability implications stemming from assets out of reach of U.S. state regulators do not speak with one voice Nor represented on international bodies like Basel influence pales in comparison to Fed clear  dividends from shifting regulation to fed states are not well-positioned lack toolkit resources to respond to instability


Question: Fed independence fragile

Fed independence exists but is fragile now – changing mandates politicizes the fed.

John Crawford, Professor of Law, University of California College of the Law, San Francisco., 6-22-2024, William and Mary Business Law Review. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4873544

Fed’s independence is fragile enough in core policymaking functions when fighting monetary financial instability we should limit things that could weaken Fed’s independence Fed should stay in its lane Congress should keep that narrow


Question: John Crawford Fed independence

Fed independence exists but is fragile now – changing mandates politicizes the fed.

John Crawford, Professor of Law, University of California College of the Law, San Francisco., 6-22-2024, William and Mary Business Law Review. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4873544

Fed’s independence is fragile enough in core policymaking functions when fighting monetary financial instability we should limit things that could weaken Fed’s independence Fed should stay in its lane Congress should keep that narrow


Question: Crawford 2024

Fed independence exists but is fragile now – changing mandates politicizes the fed.

John Crawford, Professor of Law, University of California College of the Law, San Francisco., 6-22-2024, William and Mary Business Law Review. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4873544

Fed’s independence is fragile enough in core policymaking functions when fighting monetary financial instability we should limit things that could weaken Fed’s independence Fed should stay in its lane Congress should keep that narrow


Question: Fed independence politicized

Fed independence exists but is fragile now – changing mandates politicizes the fed.

John Crawford, Professor of Law, University of California College of the Law, San Francisco., 6-22-2024, William and Mary Business Law Review. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4873544

Fed’s independence is fragile enough in core policymaking functions when fighting monetary financial instability we should limit things that could weaken Fed’s independence Fed should stay in its lane Congress should keep that narrow


Question: politicizing the fed

Fed independence exists but is fragile now – changing mandates politicizes the fed.

John Crawford, Professor of Law, University of California College of the Law, San Francisco., 6-22-2024, William and Mary Business Law Review. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4873544

Fed’s independence is fragile enough in core policymaking functions when fighting monetary financial instability we should limit things that could weaken Fed’s independence Fed should stay in its lane Congress should keep that narrow


Question: Fed should stay in its lane

Fed independence exists but is fragile now – changing mandates politicizes the fed.

John Crawford, Professor of Law, University of California College of the Law, San Francisco., 6-22-2024, William and Mary Business Law Review. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4873544

Fed’s independence is fragile enough in core policymaking functions when fighting monetary financial instability we should limit things that could weaken Fed’s independence Fed should stay in its lane Congress should keep that narrow


Question: Congress should keep that narrow

Fed independence exists but is fragile now – changing mandates politicizes the fed.

John Crawford, Professor of Law, University of California College of the Law, San Francisco., 6-22-2024, William and Mary Business Law Review. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4873544

Fed’s independence is fragile enough in core policymaking functions when fighting monetary financial instability we should limit things that could weaken Fed’s independence Fed should stay in its lane Congress should keep that narrow


Question: Climate migration not widespread

Climate migration won’t be widespread.

Watts 21 – Anthony, senior fellow for environment and climate at The Heartland Institute

millions’ of climate refugees is false crop yields in all migration-prone nations have been increasing Almost all refugees are coming from where food increased The belief immigration will increase is based entirely on computer models which the U.N admitted are flawed the models are wrong In 05 the UNEP predicted 50 million climate refugees by 2010 Not a single refugee ever migrated .


Question: Watts 21

Climate migration won’t be widespread.

Watts 21 – Anthony, senior fellow for environment and climate at The Heartland Institute

millions’ of climate refugees is false crop yields in all migration-prone nations have been increasing Almost all refugees are coming from where food increased The belief immigration will increase is based entirely on computer models which the U.N admitted are flawed the models are wrong In 05 the UNEP predicted 50 million climate refugees by 2010 Not a single refugee ever migrated .


Question: Anthony Watts

Climate migration won’t be widespread.

Watts 21 – Anthony, senior fellow for environment and climate at The Heartland Institute

millions’ of climate refugees is false crop yields in all migration-prone nations have been increasing Almost all refugees are coming from where food increased The belief immigration will increase is based entirely on computer models which the U.N admitted are flawed the models are wrong In 05 the UNEP predicted 50 million climate refugees by 2010 Not a single refugee ever migrated .


Question: climate refugees false

Climate migration won’t be widespread.

Watts 21 – Anthony, senior fellow for environment and climate at The Heartland Institute

millions’ of climate refugees is false crop yields in all migration-prone nations have been increasing Almost all refugees are coming from where food increased The belief immigration will increase is based entirely on computer models which the U.N admitted are flawed the models are wrong In 05 the UNEP predicted 50 million climate refugees by 2010 Not a single refugee ever migrated .


Question: migration prone nations crop yields increasing

Climate migration won’t be widespread.

Watts 21 – Anthony, senior fellow for environment and climate at The Heartland Institute

millions’ of climate refugees is false crop yields in all migration-prone nations have been increasing Almost all refugees are coming from where food increased The belief immigration will increase is based entirely on computer models which the U.N admitted are flawed the models are wrong In 05 the UNEP predicted 50 million climate refugees by 2010 Not a single refugee ever migrated .


Question: UN computer models flawed

Climate migration won’t be widespread.

Watts 21 – Anthony, senior fellow for environment and climate at The Heartland Institute

millions’ of climate refugees is false crop yields in all migration-prone nations have been increasing Almost all refugees are coming from where food increased The belief immigration will increase is based entirely on computer models which the U.N admitted are flawed the models are wrong In 05 the UNEP predicted 50 million climate refugees by 2010 Not a single refugee ever migrated .


Question: no climate refugees

Climate migration won’t be widespread.

Watts 21 – Anthony, senior fellow for environment and climate at The Heartland Institute

millions’ of climate refugees is false crop yields in all migration-prone nations have been increasing Almost all refugees are coming from where food increased The belief immigration will increase is based entirely on computer models which the U.N admitted are flawed the models are wrong In 05 the UNEP predicted 50 million climate refugees by 2010 Not a single refugee ever migrated .


Question: Best data goes neg

Best data goes neg.

Steven Pinker 12, Psychology Professor at Harvard, “The New Peace,” Chapter 6 of the Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence has Declined, Stras

scientists are skeptical people fight wars Hunger shortages are common wars are not war requires forces be organized and armed Reviewing “Those who foresee doom , because of relationship between resource and violent conflict, have little support from the large-N literature .”


Question: Steven Pinker 12

Best data goes neg.

Steven Pinker 12, Psychology Professor at Harvard, “The New Peace,” Chapter 6 of the Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence has Declined, Stras

scientists are skeptical people fight wars Hunger shortages are common wars are not war requires forces be organized and armed Reviewing “Those who foresee doom , because of relationship between resource and violent conflict, have little support from the large-N literature .”


Question: Pinker wars Hunger shortages

Best data goes neg.

Steven Pinker 12, Psychology Professor at Harvard, “The New Peace,” Chapter 6 of the Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence has Declined, Stras

scientists are skeptical people fight wars Hunger shortages are common wars are not war requires forces be organized and armed Reviewing “Those who foresee doom , because of relationship between resource and violent conflict, have little support from the large-N literature .”


Question: violent conflict little support

Best data goes neg.

Steven Pinker 12, Psychology Professor at Harvard, “The New Peace,” Chapter 6 of the Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence has Declined, Stras

scientists are skeptical people fight wars Hunger shortages are common wars are not war requires forces be organized and armed Reviewing “Those who foresee doom , because of relationship between resource and violent conflict, have little support from the large-N literature .”