Question: state power underestimated

8---Their theory of power is from a resistance paradigm which exaggerates the impact of the individual and ideas and underestimates the complexity and importance of state power – this causes the AFF to pick the wrong goals and get coopted.

Asef Bayat 13. Sociology Prof @ University of Illinois. 2013. “Life As Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East.” pp. 41-45.

the phrase “any act”  blocks  delineating between qualitatively diverse activities resistance writers confuse awareness with  acts that fails to capture the extremely complex interplay of conflict operating within systems of power what is the state in the “resistance” paradigm ? the strategic aim beyond “prevent[ ing ] the worst and promis [ ing ] something better”? this “decentered” notion underestimates state power although power circulates , it does so unevenly far weightier and “thicker In the state “resistance” lit leaves little room for analysis of the state and of cooptation almost any act becomes “resistance.” not necessarily challenging domination . In fact, governments encourage local initiatives confuses coping  and subversion frustrate our responsibility toward the vulnerable a savage leveling that diminishes rather than intensifies our sensitivities to injustice


Question: power circulates unevenly

8---Their theory of power is from a resistance paradigm which exaggerates the impact of the individual and ideas and underestimates the complexity and importance of state power – this causes the AFF to pick the wrong goals and get coopted.

Asef Bayat 13. Sociology Prof @ University of Illinois. 2013. “Life As Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East.” pp. 41-45.

the phrase “any act”  blocks  delineating between qualitatively diverse activities resistance writers confuse awareness with  acts that fails to capture the extremely complex interplay of conflict operating within systems of power what is the state in the “resistance” paradigm ? the strategic aim beyond “prevent[ ing ] the worst and promis [ ing ] something better”? this “decentered” notion underestimates state power although power circulates , it does so unevenly far weightier and “thicker In the state “resistance” lit leaves little room for analysis of the state and of cooptation almost any act becomes “resistance.” not necessarily challenging domination . In fact, governments encourage local initiatives confuses coping  and subversion frustrate our responsibility toward the vulnerable a savage leveling that diminishes rather than intensifies our sensitivities to injustice


Question: AI leadership is resilient

AI leadership is resilient.

Cooper 22 --- James and Kashyap Kompella; February 3; Professor of Law and Director of International Legal Studies at California Western School of Law in San Diego and a research fellow at Singapore University of Social Sciences; Technology industry analyst; The Hill, “No, China is not winning the AI race,” https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/592270-no-china-is-not-winning-the-ai-race/

better quality AI emerge from privacy and reg s the Chinese rewrote the rulebook for the country’s industry vacating digital industries constrained on its manufacturing AI patents is cited as proof China caught the U S The U.S. has several advantages , including its higher ed the best talent from the world; the largest v c and tech unicorns China is not overtaking in a i The ev and trajectory favor U.S. lead


Question: Cooper and Kompella

AI leadership is resilient.

Cooper 22 --- James and Kashyap Kompella; February 3; Professor of Law and Director of International Legal Studies at California Western School of Law in San Diego and a research fellow at Singapore University of Social Sciences; Technology industry analyst; The Hill, “No, China is not winning the AI race,” https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/592270-no-china-is-not-winning-the-ai-race/

better quality AI emerge from privacy and reg s the Chinese rewrote the rulebook for the country’s industry vacating digital industries constrained on its manufacturing AI patents is cited as proof China caught the U S The U.S. has several advantages , including its higher ed the best talent from the world; the largest v c and tech unicorns China is not overtaking in a i The ev and trajectory favor U.S. lead


Question: James Cooper

AI leadership is resilient.

Cooper 22 --- James and Kashyap Kompella; February 3; Professor of Law and Director of International Legal Studies at California Western School of Law in San Diego and a research fellow at Singapore University of Social Sciences; Technology industry analyst; The Hill, “No, China is not winning the AI race,” https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/592270-no-china-is-not-winning-the-ai-race/

better quality AI emerge from privacy and reg s the Chinese rewrote the rulebook for the country’s industry vacating digital industries constrained on its manufacturing AI patents is cited as proof China caught the U S The U.S. has several advantages , including its higher ed the best talent from the world; the largest v c and tech unicorns China is not overtaking in a i The ev and trajectory favor U.S. lead


Question: US ahead on AI

AI leadership is resilient.

Cooper 22 --- James and Kashyap Kompella; February 3; Professor of Law and Director of International Legal Studies at California Western School of Law in San Diego and a research fellow at Singapore University of Social Sciences; Technology industry analyst; The Hill, “No, China is not winning the AI race,” https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/592270-no-china-is-not-winning-the-ai-race/

better quality AI emerge from privacy and reg s the Chinese rewrote the rulebook for the country’s industry vacating digital industries constrained on its manufacturing AI patents is cited as proof China caught the U S The U.S. has several advantages , including its higher ed the best talent from the world; the largest v c and tech unicorns China is not overtaking in a i The ev and trajectory favor U.S. lead


Question: China AI overhyped

AI leadership is resilient.

Cooper 22 --- James and Kashyap Kompella; February 3; Professor of Law and Director of International Legal Studies at California Western School of Law in San Diego and a research fellow at Singapore University of Social Sciences; Technology industry analyst; The Hill, “No, China is not winning the AI race,” https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/592270-no-china-is-not-winning-the-ai-race/

better quality AI emerge from privacy and reg s the Chinese rewrote the rulebook for the country’s industry vacating digital industries constrained on its manufacturing AI patents is cited as proof China caught the U S The U.S. has several advantages , including its higher ed the best talent from the world; the largest v c and tech unicorns China is not overtaking in a i The ev and trajectory favor U.S. lead


Question: US has better AI

AI leadership is resilient.

Cooper 22 --- James and Kashyap Kompella; February 3; Professor of Law and Director of International Legal Studies at California Western School of Law in San Diego and a research fellow at Singapore University of Social Sciences; Technology industry analyst; The Hill, “No, China is not winning the AI race,” https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/592270-no-china-is-not-winning-the-ai-race/

better quality AI emerge from privacy and reg s the Chinese rewrote the rulebook for the country’s industry vacating digital industries constrained on its manufacturing AI patents is cited as proof China caught the U S The U.S. has several advantages , including its higher ed the best talent from the world; the largest v c and tech unicorns China is not overtaking in a i The ev and trajectory favor U.S. lead


Question: US AI leadership

AI leadership is resilient.

Cooper 22 --- James and Kashyap Kompella; February 3; Professor of Law and Director of International Legal Studies at California Western School of Law in San Diego and a research fellow at Singapore University of Social Sciences; Technology industry analyst; The Hill, “No, China is not winning the AI race,” https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/592270-no-china-is-not-winning-the-ai-race/

better quality AI emerge from privacy and reg s the Chinese rewrote the rulebook for the country’s industry vacating digital industries constrained on its manufacturing AI patents is cited as proof China caught the U S The U.S. has several advantages , including its higher ed the best talent from the world; the largest v c and tech unicorns China is not overtaking in a i The ev and trajectory favor U.S. lead


Question: Developing economies cap existential threats

Developing economies cap existential threats.

Wong ’22 [Ruth and Eevee Ciara; September 1; Senior Cloud Systems Engineer, M.A. from Johns Hopkins University, M.Sc. in Bioinformatics from Western Univrsity; Machine learning engineer at PayPal, writer for the Effective Altruism Forum; Substack, “Rethinking longtermism and global development,” https://sunyshore.substack.com/p/rethinking-longtermism-and-global]

development is a indicator o tech and power this underscores development benefits the future reducing vulnerability to catastrophic risks like conflict and pandemics As countries get richer people get educated and participate in institutions global institutions improves quality o governance , which navigate existential risks  and challenges Another way is reducing existential risks from pandemics and political instability Poverty spread diseases income improves health and invest public infrastructure , which makes populations resilient to catastrophic pandemics poverty causes existential risk through international security Weak states engender terrorism and crime development happens by successful businesses giving people stable jobs Global development improves long-term future of humanity decreasing vulnerability to catastrophic risks


Question: Wong 22

Developing economies cap existential threats.

Wong ’22 [Ruth and Eevee Ciara; September 1; Senior Cloud Systems Engineer, M.A. from Johns Hopkins University, M.Sc. in Bioinformatics from Western Univrsity; Machine learning engineer at PayPal, writer for the Effective Altruism Forum; Substack, “Rethinking longtermism and global development,” https://sunyshore.substack.com/p/rethinking-longtermism-and-global]

development is a indicator o tech and power this underscores development benefits the future reducing vulnerability to catastrophic risks like conflict and pandemics As countries get richer people get educated and participate in institutions global institutions improves quality o governance , which navigate existential risks  and challenges Another way is reducing existential risks from pandemics and political instability Poverty spread diseases income improves health and invest public infrastructure , which makes populations resilient to catastrophic pandemics poverty causes existential risk through international security Weak states engender terrorism and crime development happens by successful businesses giving people stable jobs Global development improves long-term future of humanity decreasing vulnerability to catastrophic risks


Question: global development improves long-term future

Developing economies cap existential threats.

Wong ’22 [Ruth and Eevee Ciara; September 1; Senior Cloud Systems Engineer, M.A. from Johns Hopkins University, M.Sc. in Bioinformatics from Western Univrsity; Machine learning engineer at PayPal, writer for the Effective Altruism Forum; Substack, “Rethinking longtermism and global development,” https://sunyshore.substack.com/p/rethinking-longtermism-and-global]

development is a indicator o tech and power this underscores development benefits the future reducing vulnerability to catastrophic risks like conflict and pandemics As countries get richer people get educated and participate in institutions global institutions improves quality o governance , which navigate existential risks  and challenges Another way is reducing existential risks from pandemics and political instability Poverty spread diseases income improves health and invest public infrastructure , which makes populations resilient to catastrophic pandemics poverty causes existential risk through international security Weak states engender terrorism and crime development happens by successful businesses giving people stable jobs Global development improves long-term future of humanity decreasing vulnerability to catastrophic risks


Question: development reduces vulnerability catastrophic risks

Developing economies cap existential threats.

Wong ’22 [Ruth and Eevee Ciara; September 1; Senior Cloud Systems Engineer, M.A. from Johns Hopkins University, M.Sc. in Bioinformatics from Western Univrsity; Machine learning engineer at PayPal, writer for the Effective Altruism Forum; Substack, “Rethinking longtermism and global development,” https://sunyshore.substack.com/p/rethinking-longtermism-and-global]

development is a indicator o tech and power this underscores development benefits the future reducing vulnerability to catastrophic risks like conflict and pandemics As countries get richer people get educated and participate in institutions global institutions improves quality o governance , which navigate existential risks  and challenges Another way is reducing existential risks from pandemics and political instability Poverty spread diseases income improves health and invest public infrastructure , which makes populations resilient to catastrophic pandemics poverty causes existential risk through international security Weak states engender terrorism and crime development happens by successful businesses giving people stable jobs Global development improves long-term future of humanity decreasing vulnerability to catastrophic risks


Question: poverty causes existential risk

Developing economies cap existential threats.

Wong ’22 [Ruth and Eevee Ciara; September 1; Senior Cloud Systems Engineer, M.A. from Johns Hopkins University, M.Sc. in Bioinformatics from Western Univrsity; Machine learning engineer at PayPal, writer for the Effective Altruism Forum; Substack, “Rethinking longtermism and global development,” https://sunyshore.substack.com/p/rethinking-longtermism-and-global]

development is a indicator o tech and power this underscores development benefits the future reducing vulnerability to catastrophic risks like conflict and pandemics As countries get richer people get educated and participate in institutions global institutions improves quality o governance , which navigate existential risks  and challenges Another way is reducing existential risks from pandemics and political instability Poverty spread diseases income improves health and invest public infrastructure , which makes populations resilient to catastrophic pandemics poverty causes existential risk through international security Weak states engender terrorism and crime development happens by successful businesses giving people stable jobs Global development improves long-term future of humanity decreasing vulnerability to catastrophic risks


Question: development is a indicator of tech

Developing economies cap existential threats.

Wong ’22 [Ruth and Eevee Ciara; September 1; Senior Cloud Systems Engineer, M.A. from Johns Hopkins University, M.Sc. in Bioinformatics from Western Univrsity; Machine learning engineer at PayPal, writer for the Effective Altruism Forum; Substack, “Rethinking longtermism and global development,” https://sunyshore.substack.com/p/rethinking-longtermism-and-global]

development is a indicator o tech and power this underscores development benefits the future reducing vulnerability to catastrophic risks like conflict and pandemics As countries get richer people get educated and participate in institutions global institutions improves quality o governance , which navigate existential risks  and challenges Another way is reducing existential risks from pandemics and political instability Poverty spread diseases income improves health and invest public infrastructure , which makes populations resilient to catastrophic pandemics poverty causes existential risk through international security Weak states engender terrorism and crime development happens by successful businesses giving people stable jobs Global development improves long-term future of humanity decreasing vulnerability to catastrophic risks


Question: existential risks from pandemics

Developing economies cap existential threats.

Wong ’22 [Ruth and Eevee Ciara; September 1; Senior Cloud Systems Engineer, M.A. from Johns Hopkins University, M.Sc. in Bioinformatics from Western Univrsity; Machine learning engineer at PayPal, writer for the Effective Altruism Forum; Substack, “Rethinking longtermism and global development,” https://sunyshore.substack.com/p/rethinking-longtermism-and-global]

development is a indicator o tech and power this underscores development benefits the future reducing vulnerability to catastrophic risks like conflict and pandemics As countries get richer people get educated and participate in institutions global institutions improves quality o governance , which navigate existential risks  and challenges Another way is reducing existential risks from pandemics and political instability Poverty spread diseases income improves health and invest public infrastructure , which makes populations resilient to catastrophic pandemics poverty causes existential risk through international security Weak states engender terrorism and crime development happens by successful businesses giving people stable jobs Global development improves long-term future of humanity decreasing vulnerability to catastrophic risks


Question: global development reduces vulnerability

Developing economies cap existential threats.

Wong ’22 [Ruth and Eevee Ciara; September 1; Senior Cloud Systems Engineer, M.A. from Johns Hopkins University, M.Sc. in Bioinformatics from Western Univrsity; Machine learning engineer at PayPal, writer for the Effective Altruism Forum; Substack, “Rethinking longtermism and global development,” https://sunyshore.substack.com/p/rethinking-longtermism-and-global]

development is a indicator o tech and power this underscores development benefits the future reducing vulnerability to catastrophic risks like conflict and pandemics As countries get richer people get educated and participate in institutions global institutions improves quality o governance , which navigate existential risks  and challenges Another way is reducing existential risks from pandemics and political instability Poverty spread diseases income improves health and invest public infrastructure , which makes populations resilient to catastrophic pandemics poverty causes existential risk through international security Weak states engender terrorism and crime development happens by successful businesses giving people stable jobs Global development improves long-term future of humanity decreasing vulnerability to catastrophic risks


Question: Youth are too diverse

2. POLYLITHIC---the youth are too diverse AND care about too much to focus on the plan.

Ginsberg ’24 [Kei Kawashima; July 11; contributor; US News, “Youth Are Turned Off by the 2024 Election. We Can Still Engage and Mobilize Them,” https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2024-07-11/youth-are-turned-off-by-the-2024-election-we-can-still-engage-and-mobilize-them]

Youth Have Diverse Priorities inflation cost of living are top issue young notable for caring about gun violence abortion justice , immigration and debt half are of color and 1 in 5 are LGBTQ experiences run gamut people face deeper barriers to voting because race ethnicity or education


Question: Ginsberg 24

2. POLYLITHIC---the youth are too diverse AND care about too much to focus on the plan.

Ginsberg ’24 [Kei Kawashima; July 11; contributor; US News, “Youth Are Turned Off by the 2024 Election. We Can Still Engage and Mobilize Them,” https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2024-07-11/youth-are-turned-off-by-the-2024-election-we-can-still-engage-and-mobilize-them]

Youth Have Diverse Priorities inflation cost of living are top issue young notable for caring about gun violence abortion justice , immigration and debt half are of color and 1 in 5 are LGBTQ experiences run gamut people face deeper barriers to voting because race ethnicity or education


Question: Kei Kawashima Ginsberg

2. POLYLITHIC---the youth are too diverse AND care about too much to focus on the plan.

Ginsberg ’24 [Kei Kawashima; July 11; contributor; US News, “Youth Are Turned Off by the 2024 Election. We Can Still Engage and Mobilize Them,” https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2024-07-11/youth-are-turned-off-by-the-2024-election-we-can-still-engage-and-mobilize-them]

Youth Have Diverse Priorities inflation cost of living are top issue young notable for caring about gun violence abortion justice , immigration and debt half are of color and 1 in 5 are LGBTQ experiences run gamut people face deeper barriers to voting because race ethnicity or education


Question: youth care about too much

2. POLYLITHIC---the youth are too diverse AND care about too much to focus on the plan.

Ginsberg ’24 [Kei Kawashima; July 11; contributor; US News, “Youth Are Turned Off by the 2024 Election. We Can Still Engage and Mobilize Them,” https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2024-07-11/youth-are-turned-off-by-the-2024-election-we-can-still-engage-and-mobilize-them]

Youth Have Diverse Priorities inflation cost of living are top issue young notable for caring about gun violence abortion justice , immigration and debt half are of color and 1 in 5 are LGBTQ experiences run gamut people face deeper barriers to voting because race ethnicity or education


Question: youth turned off by 2024 election

2. POLYLITHIC---the youth are too diverse AND care about too much to focus on the plan.

Ginsberg ’24 [Kei Kawashima; July 11; contributor; US News, “Youth Are Turned Off by the 2024 Election. We Can Still Engage and Mobilize Them,” https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2024-07-11/youth-are-turned-off-by-the-2024-election-we-can-still-engage-and-mobilize-them]

Youth Have Diverse Priorities inflation cost of living are top issue young notable for caring about gun violence abortion justice , immigration and debt half are of color and 1 in 5 are LGBTQ experiences run gamut people face deeper barriers to voting because race ethnicity or education


Question: youth care about gun violence

2. POLYLITHIC---the youth are too diverse AND care about too much to focus on the plan.

Ginsberg ’24 [Kei Kawashima; July 11; contributor; US News, “Youth Are Turned Off by the 2024 Election. We Can Still Engage and Mobilize Them,” https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2024-07-11/youth-are-turned-off-by-the-2024-election-we-can-still-engage-and-mobilize-them]

Youth Have Diverse Priorities inflation cost of living are top issue young notable for caring about gun violence abortion justice , immigration and debt half are of color and 1 in 5 are LGBTQ experiences run gamut people face deeper barriers to voting because race ethnicity or education


Question: youth care about abortion justice

2. POLYLITHIC---the youth are too diverse AND care about too much to focus on the plan.

Ginsberg ’24 [Kei Kawashima; July 11; contributor; US News, “Youth Are Turned Off by the 2024 Election. We Can Still Engage and Mobilize Them,” https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2024-07-11/youth-are-turned-off-by-the-2024-election-we-can-still-engage-and-mobilize-them]

Youth Have Diverse Priorities inflation cost of living are top issue young notable for caring about gun violence abortion justice , immigration and debt half are of color and 1 in 5 are LGBTQ experiences run gamut people face deeper barriers to voting because race ethnicity or education


Question: youth care about immigration

2. POLYLITHIC---the youth are too diverse AND care about too much to focus on the plan.

Ginsberg ’24 [Kei Kawashima; July 11; contributor; US News, “Youth Are Turned Off by the 2024 Election. We Can Still Engage and Mobilize Them,” https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2024-07-11/youth-are-turned-off-by-the-2024-election-we-can-still-engage-and-mobilize-them]

Youth Have Diverse Priorities inflation cost of living are top issue young notable for caring about gun violence abortion justice , immigration and debt half are of color and 1 in 5 are LGBTQ experiences run gamut people face deeper barriers to voting because race ethnicity or education


Question: Pakistani foreclosure collapses the state

Pakistani foreclosure collapses the state.

Sareen 22, Senior Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, MA in Economics from the University of Delhi (Sushant Sareen, June 25, 2022, “Pakistanis confident the world won’t let a nuclear state collapse. They forget Soviet Union,” The Print, https://theprint.in/opinion/pakistanis-confident-the-world-wont-let-a-nuclear-state-collapse-they-forget-soviet-union/1011544/) *Title inserted in first line.

Pakistanis confident world won’t let a nuclear state collapse forget Soviet Union run out of money been in a boom-bust cycle every three years deep problems have never been addressed . Governments kick the can down the road The standard procedure during crisis is to get breathing space go hat in hand to Saudi The problem is easy money is no longer available Saudis imposed stiff conditions It is clear without rescue , Pakistan will default and become a Sri Lanka crisis on steroids


Question: Sareen 22

Pakistani foreclosure collapses the state.

Sareen 22, Senior Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, MA in Economics from the University of Delhi (Sushant Sareen, June 25, 2022, “Pakistanis confident the world won’t let a nuclear state collapse. They forget Soviet Union,” The Print, https://theprint.in/opinion/pakistanis-confident-the-world-wont-let-a-nuclear-state-collapse-they-forget-soviet-union/1011544/) *Title inserted in first line.

Pakistanis confident world won’t let a nuclear state collapse forget Soviet Union run out of money been in a boom-bust cycle every three years deep problems have never been addressed . Governments kick the can down the road The standard procedure during crisis is to get breathing space go hat in hand to Saudi The problem is easy money is no longer available Saudis imposed stiff conditions It is clear without rescue , Pakistan will default and become a Sri Lanka crisis on steroids


Question: Pakistan nuclear state collapse

Pakistani foreclosure collapses the state.

Sareen 22, Senior Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, MA in Economics from the University of Delhi (Sushant Sareen, June 25, 2022, “Pakistanis confident the world won’t let a nuclear state collapse. They forget Soviet Union,” The Print, https://theprint.in/opinion/pakistanis-confident-the-world-wont-let-a-nuclear-state-collapse-they-forget-soviet-union/1011544/) *Title inserted in first line.

Pakistanis confident world won’t let a nuclear state collapse forget Soviet Union run out of money been in a boom-bust cycle every three years deep problems have never been addressed . Governments kick the can down the road The standard procedure during crisis is to get breathing space go hat in hand to Saudi The problem is easy money is no longer available Saudis imposed stiff conditions It is clear without rescue , Pakistan will default and become a Sri Lanka crisis on steroids


Question: Pakistan default

Pakistani foreclosure collapses the state.

Sareen 22, Senior Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, MA in Economics from the University of Delhi (Sushant Sareen, June 25, 2022, “Pakistanis confident the world won’t let a nuclear state collapse. They forget Soviet Union,” The Print, https://theprint.in/opinion/pakistanis-confident-the-world-wont-let-a-nuclear-state-collapse-they-forget-soviet-union/1011544/) *Title inserted in first line.

Pakistanis confident world won’t let a nuclear state collapse forget Soviet Union run out of money been in a boom-bust cycle every three years deep problems have never been addressed . Governments kick the can down the road The standard procedure during crisis is to get breathing space go hat in hand to Saudi The problem is easy money is no longer available Saudis imposed stiff conditions It is clear without rescue , Pakistan will default and become a Sri Lanka crisis on steroids


Question: Pakistan will become Sri Lanka

Pakistani foreclosure collapses the state.

Sareen 22, Senior Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, MA in Economics from the University of Delhi (Sushant Sareen, June 25, 2022, “Pakistanis confident the world won’t let a nuclear state collapse. They forget Soviet Union,” The Print, https://theprint.in/opinion/pakistanis-confident-the-world-wont-let-a-nuclear-state-collapse-they-forget-soviet-union/1011544/) *Title inserted in first line.

Pakistanis confident world won’t let a nuclear state collapse forget Soviet Union run out of money been in a boom-bust cycle every three years deep problems have never been addressed . Governments kick the can down the road The standard procedure during crisis is to get breathing space go hat in hand to Saudi The problem is easy money is no longer available Saudis imposed stiff conditions It is clear without rescue , Pakistan will default and become a Sri Lanka crisis on steroids


Question: Pakistan crisis on steroids

Pakistani foreclosure collapses the state.

Sareen 22, Senior Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, MA in Economics from the University of Delhi (Sushant Sareen, June 25, 2022, “Pakistanis confident the world won’t let a nuclear state collapse. They forget Soviet Union,” The Print, https://theprint.in/opinion/pakistanis-confident-the-world-wont-let-a-nuclear-state-collapse-they-forget-soviet-union/1011544/) *Title inserted in first line.

Pakistanis confident world won’t let a nuclear state collapse forget Soviet Union run out of money been in a boom-bust cycle every three years deep problems have never been addressed . Governments kick the can down the road The standard procedure during crisis is to get breathing space go hat in hand to Saudi The problem is easy money is no longer available Saudis imposed stiff conditions It is clear without rescue , Pakistan will default and become a Sri Lanka crisis on steroids


Question: Pakistan run out of money

Pakistani foreclosure collapses the state.

Sareen 22, Senior Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, MA in Economics from the University of Delhi (Sushant Sareen, June 25, 2022, “Pakistanis confident the world won’t let a nuclear state collapse. They forget Soviet Union,” The Print, https://theprint.in/opinion/pakistanis-confident-the-world-wont-let-a-nuclear-state-collapse-they-forget-soviet-union/1011544/) *Title inserted in first line.

Pakistanis confident world won’t let a nuclear state collapse forget Soviet Union run out of money been in a boom-bust cycle every three years deep problems have never been addressed . Governments kick the can down the road The standard procedure during crisis is to get breathing space go hat in hand to Saudi The problem is easy money is no longer available Saudis imposed stiff conditions It is clear without rescue , Pakistan will default and become a Sri Lanka crisis on steroids


Question: Pakistanis confident world won't let collapse

Pakistani foreclosure collapses the state.

Sareen 22, Senior Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, MA in Economics from the University of Delhi (Sushant Sareen, June 25, 2022, “Pakistanis confident the world won’t let a nuclear state collapse. They forget Soviet Union,” The Print, https://theprint.in/opinion/pakistanis-confident-the-world-wont-let-a-nuclear-state-collapse-they-forget-soviet-union/1011544/) *Title inserted in first line.

Pakistanis confident world won’t let a nuclear state collapse forget Soviet Union run out of money been in a boom-bust cycle every three years deep problems have never been addressed . Governments kick the can down the road The standard procedure during crisis is to get breathing space go hat in hand to Saudi The problem is easy money is no longer available Saudis imposed stiff conditions It is clear without rescue , Pakistan will default and become a Sri Lanka crisis on steroids


Question: Warming no financial crises

Warming cannot cause financial crises. Even the most pessimistic IPCC models project trivial damage to the overall economy.

Koonin ’21 [Steven; AQugust 11; joined New York University Stern School of Business as a Professor of Information, Operations and Management Sciences in September 2012, is also Director of NYU's new Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP), was confirmed by the Senate in May 2009 as Undersecretary for Science at the U.S. Department of Energy, serving in that position until November, 2011, previously spent three decades as Professor of Theoretical Physics at the California Institute of Technology, serving as the Institute's Vice President and Provost for the last nine years; ProMarket, “Unsettled: What is the Economic Impact of Climate Change?,” https://www.promarket.org/2021/08/11/unsettled-climate-change-economy-steve-koonin/]

we know there are great uncertainties because of inadequate climate models science is unsettled enough that any unusual weather can be “attributed It is difficult to how much a rising temp would damage a society in the face of so many unknowns among them adaptation measures like sea walls or shifts in what crops are cultivated 3 percent in 2100 translates to a decrease in growth rate by 0.04 percent per year the UN report says the economic impact is negligible For most economic sectors climate will be small relative to other drivers Changes in population age income tech regulation will impact large relative to climate The consensus on minimal overall economic impact is well known to experts the impacts on the US are small very large 5°C would diminish the US by 4 percent The US economy has at 3.2 percent since 1930 Under 2 percent the US will be four times larger in 2090 4 percent corresponds to two years of growth 5°C would delay growth by only two years the notion of climate economic disaster remains alive and well in the media climate and economic projections is doubly dismal even the official assessment indicate significant climate change would have negligible net economic impact on either the world or the US


Question: koonin 21

Warming cannot cause financial crises. Even the most pessimistic IPCC models project trivial damage to the overall economy.

Koonin ’21 [Steven; AQugust 11; joined New York University Stern School of Business as a Professor of Information, Operations and Management Sciences in September 2012, is also Director of NYU's new Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP), was confirmed by the Senate in May 2009 as Undersecretary for Science at the U.S. Department of Energy, serving in that position until November, 2011, previously spent three decades as Professor of Theoretical Physics at the California Institute of Technology, serving as the Institute's Vice President and Provost for the last nine years; ProMarket, “Unsettled: What is the Economic Impact of Climate Change?,” https://www.promarket.org/2021/08/11/unsettled-climate-change-economy-steve-koonin/]

we know there are great uncertainties because of inadequate climate models science is unsettled enough that any unusual weather can be “attributed It is difficult to how much a rising temp would damage a society in the face of so many unknowns among them adaptation measures like sea walls or shifts in what crops are cultivated 3 percent in 2100 translates to a decrease in growth rate by 0.04 percent per year the UN report says the economic impact is negligible For most economic sectors climate will be small relative to other drivers Changes in population age income tech regulation will impact large relative to climate The consensus on minimal overall economic impact is well known to experts the impacts on the US are small very large 5°C would diminish the US by 4 percent The US economy has at 3.2 percent since 1930 Under 2 percent the US will be four times larger in 2090 4 percent corresponds to two years of growth 5°C would delay growth by only two years the notion of climate economic disaster remains alive and well in the media climate and economic projections is doubly dismal even the official assessment indicate significant climate change would have negligible net economic impact on either the world or the US


Question: IPCC models trivial damage

Warming cannot cause financial crises. Even the most pessimistic IPCC models project trivial damage to the overall economy.

Koonin ’21 [Steven; AQugust 11; joined New York University Stern School of Business as a Professor of Information, Operations and Management Sciences in September 2012, is also Director of NYU's new Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP), was confirmed by the Senate in May 2009 as Undersecretary for Science at the U.S. Department of Energy, serving in that position until November, 2011, previously spent three decades as Professor of Theoretical Physics at the California Institute of Technology, serving as the Institute's Vice President and Provost for the last nine years; ProMarket, “Unsettled: What is the Economic Impact of Climate Change?,” https://www.promarket.org/2021/08/11/unsettled-climate-change-economy-steve-koonin/]

we know there are great uncertainties because of inadequate climate models science is unsettled enough that any unusual weather can be “attributed It is difficult to how much a rising temp would damage a society in the face of so many unknowns among them adaptation measures like sea walls or shifts in what crops are cultivated 3 percent in 2100 translates to a decrease in growth rate by 0.04 percent per year the UN report says the economic impact is negligible For most economic sectors climate will be small relative to other drivers Changes in population age income tech regulation will impact large relative to climate The consensus on minimal overall economic impact is well known to experts the impacts on the US are small very large 5°C would diminish the US by 4 percent The US economy has at 3.2 percent since 1930 Under 2 percent the US will be four times larger in 2090 4 percent corresponds to two years of growth 5°C would delay growth by only two years the notion of climate economic disaster remains alive and well in the media climate and economic projections is doubly dismal even the official assessment indicate significant climate change would have negligible net economic impact on either the world or the US


Question: Warming doesnt cause financial crises

Warming cannot cause financial crises. Even the most pessimistic IPCC models project trivial damage to the overall economy.

Koonin ’21 [Steven; AQugust 11; joined New York University Stern School of Business as a Professor of Information, Operations and Management Sciences in September 2012, is also Director of NYU's new Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP), was confirmed by the Senate in May 2009 as Undersecretary for Science at the U.S. Department of Energy, serving in that position until November, 2011, previously spent three decades as Professor of Theoretical Physics at the California Institute of Technology, serving as the Institute's Vice President and Provost for the last nine years; ProMarket, “Unsettled: What is the Economic Impact of Climate Change?,” https://www.promarket.org/2021/08/11/unsettled-climate-change-economy-steve-koonin/]

we know there are great uncertainties because of inadequate climate models science is unsettled enough that any unusual weather can be “attributed It is difficult to how much a rising temp would damage a society in the face of so many unknowns among them adaptation measures like sea walls or shifts in what crops are cultivated 3 percent in 2100 translates to a decrease in growth rate by 0.04 percent per year the UN report says the economic impact is negligible For most economic sectors climate will be small relative to other drivers Changes in population age income tech regulation will impact large relative to climate The consensus on minimal overall economic impact is well known to experts the impacts on the US are small very large 5°C would diminish the US by 4 percent The US economy has at 3.2 percent since 1930 Under 2 percent the US will be four times larger in 2090 4 percent corresponds to two years of growth 5°C would delay growth by only two years the notion of climate economic disaster remains alive and well in the media climate and economic projections is doubly dismal even the official assessment indicate significant climate change would have negligible net economic impact on either the world or the US


Question: climate change small economic impact

Warming cannot cause financial crises. Even the most pessimistic IPCC models project trivial damage to the overall economy.

Koonin ’21 [Steven; AQugust 11; joined New York University Stern School of Business as a Professor of Information, Operations and Management Sciences in September 2012, is also Director of NYU's new Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP), was confirmed by the Senate in May 2009 as Undersecretary for Science at the U.S. Department of Energy, serving in that position until November, 2011, previously spent three decades as Professor of Theoretical Physics at the California Institute of Technology, serving as the Institute's Vice President and Provost for the last nine years; ProMarket, “Unsettled: What is the Economic Impact of Climate Change?,” https://www.promarket.org/2021/08/11/unsettled-climate-change-economy-steve-koonin/]

we know there are great uncertainties because of inadequate climate models science is unsettled enough that any unusual weather can be “attributed It is difficult to how much a rising temp would damage a society in the face of so many unknowns among them adaptation measures like sea walls or shifts in what crops are cultivated 3 percent in 2100 translates to a decrease in growth rate by 0.04 percent per year the UN report says the economic impact is negligible For most economic sectors climate will be small relative to other drivers Changes in population age income tech regulation will impact large relative to climate The consensus on minimal overall economic impact is well known to experts the impacts on the US are small very large 5°C would diminish the US by 4 percent The US economy has at 3.2 percent since 1930 Under 2 percent the US will be four times larger in 2090 4 percent corresponds to two years of growth 5°C would delay growth by only two years the notion of climate economic disaster remains alive and well in the media climate and economic projections is doubly dismal even the official assessment indicate significant climate change would have negligible net economic impact on either the world or the US


Question: Climate change negligible net economic impact

Warming cannot cause financial crises. Even the most pessimistic IPCC models project trivial damage to the overall economy.

Koonin ’21 [Steven; AQugust 11; joined New York University Stern School of Business as a Professor of Information, Operations and Management Sciences in September 2012, is also Director of NYU's new Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP), was confirmed by the Senate in May 2009 as Undersecretary for Science at the U.S. Department of Energy, serving in that position until November, 2011, previously spent three decades as Professor of Theoretical Physics at the California Institute of Technology, serving as the Institute's Vice President and Provost for the last nine years; ProMarket, “Unsettled: What is the Economic Impact of Climate Change?,” https://www.promarket.org/2021/08/11/unsettled-climate-change-economy-steve-koonin/]

we know there are great uncertainties because of inadequate climate models science is unsettled enough that any unusual weather can be “attributed It is difficult to how much a rising temp would damage a society in the face of so many unknowns among them adaptation measures like sea walls or shifts in what crops are cultivated 3 percent in 2100 translates to a decrease in growth rate by 0.04 percent per year the UN report says the economic impact is negligible For most economic sectors climate will be small relative to other drivers Changes in population age income tech regulation will impact large relative to climate The consensus on minimal overall economic impact is well known to experts the impacts on the US are small very large 5°C would diminish the US by 4 percent The US economy has at 3.2 percent since 1930 Under 2 percent the US will be four times larger in 2090 4 percent corresponds to two years of growth 5°C would delay growth by only two years the notion of climate economic disaster remains alive and well in the media climate and economic projections is doubly dismal even the official assessment indicate significant climate change would have negligible net economic impact on either the world or the US


Question: IPCC models project trivial damage

Warming cannot cause financial crises. Even the most pessimistic IPCC models project trivial damage to the overall economy.

Koonin ’21 [Steven; AQugust 11; joined New York University Stern School of Business as a Professor of Information, Operations and Management Sciences in September 2012, is also Director of NYU's new Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP), was confirmed by the Senate in May 2009 as Undersecretary for Science at the U.S. Department of Energy, serving in that position until November, 2011, previously spent three decades as Professor of Theoretical Physics at the California Institute of Technology, serving as the Institute's Vice President and Provost for the last nine years; ProMarket, “Unsettled: What is the Economic Impact of Climate Change?,” https://www.promarket.org/2021/08/11/unsettled-climate-change-economy-steve-koonin/]

we know there are great uncertainties because of inadequate climate models science is unsettled enough that any unusual weather can be “attributed It is difficult to how much a rising temp would damage a society in the face of so many unknowns among them adaptation measures like sea walls or shifts in what crops are cultivated 3 percent in 2100 translates to a decrease in growth rate by 0.04 percent per year the UN report says the economic impact is negligible For most economic sectors climate will be small relative to other drivers Changes in population age income tech regulation will impact large relative to climate The consensus on minimal overall economic impact is well known to experts the impacts on the US are small very large 5°C would diminish the US by 4 percent The US economy has at 3.2 percent since 1930 Under 2 percent the US will be four times larger in 2090 4 percent corresponds to two years of growth 5°C would delay growth by only two years the notion of climate economic disaster remains alive and well in the media climate and economic projections is doubly dismal even the official assessment indicate significant climate change would have negligible net economic impact on either the world or the US


Question: Taiwan war goes nuclear

Taiwan war goes nuclear

Goldstein 23 [Lyle Goldstein is the director of Asia Engagement at the Washington DC think tank, Defense Priorities. "The trouble with Taiwan", https://thebulletin.org/premium/2023-03/the-trouble-with-taiwan/ published 3-13-2023, accessed 8-26-2024]

significant danger of escalation to nuclear in conflict over Taiwan China has 400 warheads recent wargame see China’s nuclear warning shot US conventional forces could be overwhelmed President may see nuc s as the only card


Question: Goldstein 23

Taiwan war goes nuclear

Goldstein 23 [Lyle Goldstein is the director of Asia Engagement at the Washington DC think tank, Defense Priorities. "The trouble with Taiwan", https://thebulletin.org/premium/2023-03/the-trouble-with-taiwan/ published 3-13-2023, accessed 8-26-2024]

significant danger of escalation to nuclear in conflict over Taiwan China has 400 warheads recent wargame see China’s nuclear warning shot US conventional forces could be overwhelmed President may see nuc s as the only card


Question: Lyle Goldstein Taiwan

Taiwan war goes nuclear

Goldstein 23 [Lyle Goldstein is the director of Asia Engagement at the Washington DC think tank, Defense Priorities. "The trouble with Taiwan", https://thebulletin.org/premium/2023-03/the-trouble-with-taiwan/ published 3-13-2023, accessed 8-26-2024]

significant danger of escalation to nuclear in conflict over Taiwan China has 400 warheads recent wargame see China’s nuclear warning shot US conventional forces could be overwhelmed President may see nuc s as the only card


Question: Taiwan nuclear escalation

Taiwan war goes nuclear

Goldstein 23 [Lyle Goldstein is the director of Asia Engagement at the Washington DC think tank, Defense Priorities. "The trouble with Taiwan", https://thebulletin.org/premium/2023-03/the-trouble-with-taiwan/ published 3-13-2023, accessed 8-26-2024]

significant danger of escalation to nuclear in conflict over Taiwan China has 400 warheads recent wargame see China’s nuclear warning shot US conventional forces could be overwhelmed President may see nuc s as the only card


Question: China nuclear warning shot

Taiwan war goes nuclear

Goldstein 23 [Lyle Goldstein is the director of Asia Engagement at the Washington DC think tank, Defense Priorities. "The trouble with Taiwan", https://thebulletin.org/premium/2023-03/the-trouble-with-taiwan/ published 3-13-2023, accessed 8-26-2024]

significant danger of escalation to nuclear in conflict over Taiwan China has 400 warheads recent wargame see China’s nuclear warning shot US conventional forces could be overwhelmed President may see nuc s as the only card


Question: Taiwan conflict nuclear war

Taiwan war goes nuclear

Goldstein 23 [Lyle Goldstein is the director of Asia Engagement at the Washington DC think tank, Defense Priorities. "The trouble with Taiwan", https://thebulletin.org/premium/2023-03/the-trouble-with-taiwan/ published 3-13-2023, accessed 8-26-2024]

significant danger of escalation to nuclear in conflict over Taiwan China has 400 warheads recent wargame see China’s nuclear warning shot US conventional forces could be overwhelmed President may see nuc s as the only card


Question: non-uniformity ensures residual uncertainty

3---the legal possibility of non-uniformity ensures residual uncertainty---markets want CFTC

McQuhae 23 [Ben McQuhae, industry leading commercial lawyer in sustainable finance and environmental markets, Hong Kong representative of the United Nations Financial Centres for Sustainability network, more than 25 years of legal experience, LLB (hons) Law, University of Exeter, “The Legal Nature of Carbon Credits,” 3-15-2023, https://bmcquhae.com/en/2023/03/15/the-legal-nature-of-carbon-credits/]

due to that states may establish their own laws different legal treatment in states can complicate matters increasingly pose a challenge to a liquid VCM view among market s that should be futures regulated by CFTC


Question: McQuhae 23

3---the legal possibility of non-uniformity ensures residual uncertainty---markets want CFTC

McQuhae 23 [Ben McQuhae, industry leading commercial lawyer in sustainable finance and environmental markets, Hong Kong representative of the United Nations Financial Centres for Sustainability network, more than 25 years of legal experience, LLB (hons) Law, University of Exeter, “The Legal Nature of Carbon Credits,” 3-15-2023, https://bmcquhae.com/en/2023/03/15/the-legal-nature-of-carbon-credits/]

due to that states may establish their own laws different legal treatment in states can complicate matters increasingly pose a challenge to a liquid VCM view among market s that should be futures regulated by CFTC


Question: CFTC regulation

3---the legal possibility of non-uniformity ensures residual uncertainty---markets want CFTC

McQuhae 23 [Ben McQuhae, industry leading commercial lawyer in sustainable finance and environmental markets, Hong Kong representative of the United Nations Financial Centres for Sustainability network, more than 25 years of legal experience, LLB (hons) Law, University of Exeter, “The Legal Nature of Carbon Credits,” 3-15-2023, https://bmcquhae.com/en/2023/03/15/the-legal-nature-of-carbon-credits/]

due to that states may establish their own laws different legal treatment in states can complicate matters increasingly pose a challenge to a liquid VCM view among market s that should be futures regulated by CFTC


Question: CFTC carbon credit regulation

3---the legal possibility of non-uniformity ensures residual uncertainty---markets want CFTC

McQuhae 23 [Ben McQuhae, industry leading commercial lawyer in sustainable finance and environmental markets, Hong Kong representative of the United Nations Financial Centres for Sustainability network, more than 25 years of legal experience, LLB (hons) Law, University of Exeter, “The Legal Nature of Carbon Credits,” 3-15-2023, https://bmcquhae.com/en/2023/03/15/the-legal-nature-of-carbon-credits/]

due to that states may establish their own laws different legal treatment in states can complicate matters increasingly pose a challenge to a liquid VCM view among market s that should be futures regulated by CFTC


Question: legal nature of carbon credits

3---the legal possibility of non-uniformity ensures residual uncertainty---markets want CFTC

McQuhae 23 [Ben McQuhae, industry leading commercial lawyer in sustainable finance and environmental markets, Hong Kong representative of the United Nations Financial Centres for Sustainability network, more than 25 years of legal experience, LLB (hons) Law, University of Exeter, “The Legal Nature of Carbon Credits,” 3-15-2023, https://bmcquhae.com/en/2023/03/15/the-legal-nature-of-carbon-credits/]

due to that states may establish their own laws different legal treatment in states can complicate matters increasingly pose a challenge to a liquid VCM view among market s that should be futures regulated by CFTC


Question: states laws complicate markets

3---the legal possibility of non-uniformity ensures residual uncertainty---markets want CFTC

McQuhae 23 [Ben McQuhae, industry leading commercial lawyer in sustainable finance and environmental markets, Hong Kong representative of the United Nations Financial Centres for Sustainability network, more than 25 years of legal experience, LLB (hons) Law, University of Exeter, “The Legal Nature of Carbon Credits,” 3-15-2023, https://bmcquhae.com/en/2023/03/15/the-legal-nature-of-carbon-credits/]

due to that states may establish their own laws different legal treatment in states can complicate matters increasingly pose a challenge to a liquid VCM view among market s that should be futures regulated by CFTC


Question: liquid VCM

3---the legal possibility of non-uniformity ensures residual uncertainty---markets want CFTC

McQuhae 23 [Ben McQuhae, industry leading commercial lawyer in sustainable finance and environmental markets, Hong Kong representative of the United Nations Financial Centres for Sustainability network, more than 25 years of legal experience, LLB (hons) Law, University of Exeter, “The Legal Nature of Carbon Credits,” 3-15-2023, https://bmcquhae.com/en/2023/03/15/the-legal-nature-of-carbon-credits/]

due to that states may establish their own laws different legal treatment in states can complicate matters increasingly pose a challenge to a liquid VCM view among market s that should be futures regulated by CFTC


Question: markets want CFTC

3---the legal possibility of non-uniformity ensures residual uncertainty---markets want CFTC

McQuhae 23 [Ben McQuhae, industry leading commercial lawyer in sustainable finance and environmental markets, Hong Kong representative of the United Nations Financial Centres for Sustainability network, more than 25 years of legal experience, LLB (hons) Law, University of Exeter, “The Legal Nature of Carbon Credits,” 3-15-2023, https://bmcquhae.com/en/2023/03/15/the-legal-nature-of-carbon-credits/]

due to that states may establish their own laws different legal treatment in states can complicate matters increasingly pose a challenge to a liquid VCM view among market s that should be futures regulated by CFTC


Question: Harris '24 triggers emissions policy

Harris ’24 triggers---emissions policy too unpopular in Texas

Reinl 7-25. James Reinl, July 25 2024. DailyMail “How a Kamala win would 'fuel' this key Red state's bid to break away from America” https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-13672279/Kamala-election-state-secede-America-Texas.html Accessed7.25.2024///mosuQ

Harris win in November would push Texit track record on  climate change would leave millions more Texans wanting out. She's fought hard to cut emissions climate bill are popular in California and DC but less so in Texas, which yields 42 percent of America's crude oil and 27 percent of its natural gas


Question: Reinl July 25 2024

Harris ’24 triggers---emissions policy too unpopular in Texas

Reinl 7-25. James Reinl, July 25 2024. DailyMail “How a Kamala win would 'fuel' this key Red state's bid to break away from America” https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-13672279/Kamala-election-state-secede-America-Texas.html Accessed7.25.2024///mosuQ

Harris win in November would push Texit track record on  climate change would leave millions more Texans wanting out. She's fought hard to cut emissions climate bill are popular in California and DC but less so in Texas, which yields 42 percent of America's crude oil and 27 percent of its natural gas


Question: Kamala Harris Texas secession

Harris ’24 triggers---emissions policy too unpopular in Texas

Reinl 7-25. James Reinl, July 25 2024. DailyMail “How a Kamala win would 'fuel' this key Red state's bid to break away from America” https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-13672279/Kamala-election-state-secede-America-Texas.html Accessed7.25.2024///mosuQ

Harris win in November would push Texit track record on  climate change would leave millions more Texans wanting out. She's fought hard to cut emissions climate bill are popular in California and DC but less so in Texas, which yields 42 percent of America's crude oil and 27 percent of its natural gas


Question: Harris win Texit

Harris ’24 triggers---emissions policy too unpopular in Texas

Reinl 7-25. James Reinl, July 25 2024. DailyMail “How a Kamala win would 'fuel' this key Red state's bid to break away from America” https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-13672279/Kamala-election-state-secede-America-Texas.html Accessed7.25.2024///mosuQ

Harris win in November would push Texit track record on  climate change would leave millions more Texans wanting out. She's fought hard to cut emissions climate bill are popular in California and DC but less so in Texas, which yields 42 percent of America's crude oil and 27 percent of its natural gas


Question: climate bill unpopular in Texas

Harris ’24 triggers---emissions policy too unpopular in Texas

Reinl 7-25. James Reinl, July 25 2024. DailyMail “How a Kamala win would 'fuel' this key Red state's bid to break away from America” https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-13672279/Kamala-election-state-secede-America-Texas.html Accessed7.25.2024///mosuQ

Harris win in November would push Texit track record on  climate change would leave millions more Texans wanting out. She's fought hard to cut emissions climate bill are popular in California and DC but less so in Texas, which yields 42 percent of America's crude oil and 27 percent of its natural gas


Question: Texas crude oil natural gas

Harris ’24 triggers---emissions policy too unpopular in Texas

Reinl 7-25. James Reinl, July 25 2024. DailyMail “How a Kamala win would 'fuel' this key Red state's bid to break away from America” https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-13672279/Kamala-election-state-secede-America-Texas.html Accessed7.25.2024///mosuQ

Harris win in November would push Texit track record on  climate change would leave millions more Texans wanting out. She's fought hard to cut emissions climate bill are popular in California and DC but less so in Texas, which yields 42 percent of America's crude oil and 27 percent of its natural gas


Question: Trump turns warming even assuming

Trump turns warming even assuming the AFF.

Samantha Gross & Louison Sall 24. Director of the Energy Security and Climate Initiative at Brookings, **Senior Research Assistant – Strobe Talbott Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Energy Security and Climate Initiative. "Trump has big plans for climate and energy policy, but can he implement them?." Brookings. 7-30-2024. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/trump-has-big-plans-for-climate-and-energy-policy-but-can-he-implement-them/

Trump supports a robust emphasis  on fossil fuels reg rollbacks and scaling back renewable removing from Paris and reg s on drilling increasing production refilling the strategic petroleum reserve end delays of permits on federal lands speeding up approval of pipelines criticizing  wind and solar and halt offshore wind Electric vehicles Trump opposes subsidies and efficiency rules Abolishing  energy efficiency standards more effective at changing  regulation than the first A second administration would succeed in reg s which the  executive branch can accomplish on its own


Question: Gross and Sall 24

Trump turns warming even assuming the AFF.

Samantha Gross & Louison Sall 24. Director of the Energy Security and Climate Initiative at Brookings, **Senior Research Assistant – Strobe Talbott Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Energy Security and Climate Initiative. "Trump has big plans for climate and energy policy, but can he implement them?." Brookings. 7-30-2024. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/trump-has-big-plans-for-climate-and-energy-policy-but-can-he-implement-them/

Trump supports a robust emphasis  on fossil fuels reg rollbacks and scaling back renewable removing from Paris and reg s on drilling increasing production refilling the strategic petroleum reserve end delays of permits on federal lands speeding up approval of pipelines criticizing  wind and solar and halt offshore wind Electric vehicles Trump opposes subsidies and efficiency rules Abolishing  energy efficiency standards more effective at changing  regulation than the first A second administration would succeed in reg s which the  executive branch can accomplish on its own


Question: Trump emphasis on fossil fuels

Trump turns warming even assuming the AFF.

Samantha Gross & Louison Sall 24. Director of the Energy Security and Climate Initiative at Brookings, **Senior Research Assistant – Strobe Talbott Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Energy Security and Climate Initiative. "Trump has big plans for climate and energy policy, but can he implement them?." Brookings. 7-30-2024. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/trump-has-big-plans-for-climate-and-energy-policy-but-can-he-implement-them/

Trump supports a robust emphasis  on fossil fuels reg rollbacks and scaling back renewable removing from Paris and reg s on drilling increasing production refilling the strategic petroleum reserve end delays of permits on federal lands speeding up approval of pipelines criticizing  wind and solar and halt offshore wind Electric vehicles Trump opposes subsidies and efficiency rules Abolishing  energy efficiency standards more effective at changing  regulation than the first A second administration would succeed in reg s which the  executive branch can accomplish on its own


Question: trump climate change

Trump turns warming even assuming the AFF.

Samantha Gross & Louison Sall 24. Director of the Energy Security and Climate Initiative at Brookings, **Senior Research Assistant – Strobe Talbott Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Energy Security and Climate Initiative. "Trump has big plans for climate and energy policy, but can he implement them?." Brookings. 7-30-2024. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/trump-has-big-plans-for-climate-and-energy-policy-but-can-he-implement-them/

Trump supports a robust emphasis  on fossil fuels reg rollbacks and scaling back renewable removing from Paris and reg s on drilling increasing production refilling the strategic petroleum reserve end delays of permits on federal lands speeding up approval of pipelines criticizing  wind and solar and halt offshore wind Electric vehicles Trump opposes subsidies and efficiency rules Abolishing  energy efficiency standards more effective at changing  regulation than the first A second administration would succeed in reg s which the  executive branch can accomplish on its own


Question: Trump removing from paris agreement

Trump turns warming even assuming the AFF.

Samantha Gross & Louison Sall 24. Director of the Energy Security and Climate Initiative at Brookings, **Senior Research Assistant – Strobe Talbott Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Energy Security and Climate Initiative. "Trump has big plans for climate and energy policy, but can he implement them?." Brookings. 7-30-2024. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/trump-has-big-plans-for-climate-and-energy-policy-but-can-he-implement-them/

Trump supports a robust emphasis  on fossil fuels reg rollbacks and scaling back renewable removing from Paris and reg s on drilling increasing production refilling the strategic petroleum reserve end delays of permits on federal lands speeding up approval of pipelines criticizing  wind and solar and halt offshore wind Electric vehicles Trump opposes subsidies and efficiency rules Abolishing  energy efficiency standards more effective at changing  regulation than the first A second administration would succeed in reg s which the  executive branch can accomplish on its own


Question: Trump opposes subsidies and efficiency rules

Trump turns warming even assuming the AFF.

Samantha Gross & Louison Sall 24. Director of the Energy Security and Climate Initiative at Brookings, **Senior Research Assistant – Strobe Talbott Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Energy Security and Climate Initiative. "Trump has big plans for climate and energy policy, but can he implement them?." Brookings. 7-30-2024. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/trump-has-big-plans-for-climate-and-energy-policy-but-can-he-implement-them/

Trump supports a robust emphasis  on fossil fuels reg rollbacks and scaling back renewable removing from Paris and reg s on drilling increasing production refilling the strategic petroleum reserve end delays of permits on federal lands speeding up approval of pipelines criticizing  wind and solar and halt offshore wind Electric vehicles Trump opposes subsidies and efficiency rules Abolishing  energy efficiency standards more effective at changing  regulation than the first A second administration would succeed in reg s which the  executive branch can accomplish on its own


Question: Trump and energy policy

Trump turns warming even assuming the AFF.

Samantha Gross & Louison Sall 24. Director of the Energy Security and Climate Initiative at Brookings, **Senior Research Assistant – Strobe Talbott Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Energy Security and Climate Initiative. "Trump has big plans for climate and energy policy, but can he implement them?." Brookings. 7-30-2024. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/trump-has-big-plans-for-climate-and-energy-policy-but-can-he-implement-them/

Trump supports a robust emphasis  on fossil fuels reg rollbacks and scaling back renewable removing from Paris and reg s on drilling increasing production refilling the strategic petroleum reserve end delays of permits on federal lands speeding up approval of pipelines criticizing  wind and solar and halt offshore wind Electric vehicles Trump opposes subsidies and efficiency rules Abolishing  energy efficiency standards more effective at changing  regulation than the first A second administration would succeed in reg s which the  executive branch can accomplish on its own


Question: Trump reg rollbacks scaling back renewable

Trump turns warming even assuming the AFF.

Samantha Gross & Louison Sall 24. Director of the Energy Security and Climate Initiative at Brookings, **Senior Research Assistant – Strobe Talbott Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Energy Security and Climate Initiative. "Trump has big plans for climate and energy policy, but can he implement them?." Brookings. 7-30-2024. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/trump-has-big-plans-for-climate-and-energy-policy-but-can-he-implement-them/

Trump supports a robust emphasis  on fossil fuels reg rollbacks and scaling back renewable removing from Paris and reg s on drilling increasing production refilling the strategic petroleum reserve end delays of permits on federal lands speeding up approval of pipelines criticizing  wind and solar and halt offshore wind Electric vehicles Trump opposes subsidies and efficiency rules Abolishing  energy efficiency standards more effective at changing  regulation than the first A second administration would succeed in reg s which the  executive branch can accomplish on its own


Question: Cost reductions ensure profitability

Cost reductions ensure profitability.

Stefanie Burgahn 22. (Institute Manager at the Mannheim Institute for Sustainable Energy Studies, "Renewable energy sources are more profitable than ever." University of Mannheim. 8/1/2022. https://www.uni-mannheim.de/en/news/renewable-energy-sources-are-more-profitable-than-ever/) Roy

new study shows plants can be operated profitably  reason cost reductions through tech innovations the share of renewable energy has been rising costs of new wind and solar have declined faster than revenues led to an increase in profitability Each system provides experiences that lead to cost reductions , which lead to deployment High prices for fossil fuels reinforce findings of the study expansion of wind and solar sustainable and economical


Question: Burgahn 22

Cost reductions ensure profitability.

Stefanie Burgahn 22. (Institute Manager at the Mannheim Institute for Sustainable Energy Studies, "Renewable energy sources are more profitable than ever." University of Mannheim. 8/1/2022. https://www.uni-mannheim.de/en/news/renewable-energy-sources-are-more-profitable-than-ever/) Roy

new study shows plants can be operated profitably  reason cost reductions through tech innovations the share of renewable energy has been rising costs of new wind and solar have declined faster than revenues led to an increase in profitability Each system provides experiences that lead to cost reductions , which lead to deployment High prices for fossil fuels reinforce findings of the study expansion of wind and solar sustainable and economical


Question: renewable energy profitable

Cost reductions ensure profitability.

Stefanie Burgahn 22. (Institute Manager at the Mannheim Institute for Sustainable Energy Studies, "Renewable energy sources are more profitable than ever." University of Mannheim. 8/1/2022. https://www.uni-mannheim.de/en/news/renewable-energy-sources-are-more-profitable-than-ever/) Roy

new study shows plants can be operated profitably  reason cost reductions through tech innovations the share of renewable energy has been rising costs of new wind and solar have declined faster than revenues led to an increase in profitability Each system provides experiences that lead to cost reductions , which lead to deployment High prices for fossil fuels reinforce findings of the study expansion of wind and solar sustainable and economical


Question: renewable energy cost reductions

Cost reductions ensure profitability.

Stefanie Burgahn 22. (Institute Manager at the Mannheim Institute for Sustainable Energy Studies, "Renewable energy sources are more profitable than ever." University of Mannheim. 8/1/2022. https://www.uni-mannheim.de/en/news/renewable-energy-sources-are-more-profitable-than-ever/) Roy

new study shows plants can be operated profitably  reason cost reductions through tech innovations the share of renewable energy has been rising costs of new wind and solar have declined faster than revenues led to an increase in profitability Each system provides experiences that lead to cost reductions , which lead to deployment High prices for fossil fuels reinforce findings of the study expansion of wind and solar sustainable and economical


Question: new wind and solar

Cost reductions ensure profitability.

Stefanie Burgahn 22. (Institute Manager at the Mannheim Institute for Sustainable Energy Studies, "Renewable energy sources are more profitable than ever." University of Mannheim. 8/1/2022. https://www.uni-mannheim.de/en/news/renewable-energy-sources-are-more-profitable-than-ever/) Roy

new study shows plants can be operated profitably  reason cost reductions through tech innovations the share of renewable energy has been rising costs of new wind and solar have declined faster than revenues led to an increase in profitability Each system provides experiences that lead to cost reductions , which lead to deployment High prices for fossil fuels reinforce findings of the study expansion of wind and solar sustainable and economical


Question: wind and solar expansion

Cost reductions ensure profitability.

Stefanie Burgahn 22. (Institute Manager at the Mannheim Institute for Sustainable Energy Studies, "Renewable energy sources are more profitable than ever." University of Mannheim. 8/1/2022. https://www.uni-mannheim.de/en/news/renewable-energy-sources-are-more-profitable-than-ever/) Roy

new study shows plants can be operated profitably  reason cost reductions through tech innovations the share of renewable energy has been rising costs of new wind and solar have declined faster than revenues led to an increase in profitability Each system provides experiences that lead to cost reductions , which lead to deployment High prices for fossil fuels reinforce findings of the study expansion of wind and solar sustainable and economical


Question: renewable energy economical

Cost reductions ensure profitability.

Stefanie Burgahn 22. (Institute Manager at the Mannheim Institute for Sustainable Energy Studies, "Renewable energy sources are more profitable than ever." University of Mannheim. 8/1/2022. https://www.uni-mannheim.de/en/news/renewable-energy-sources-are-more-profitable-than-ever/) Roy

new study shows plants can be operated profitably  reason cost reductions through tech innovations the share of renewable energy has been rising costs of new wind and solar have declined faster than revenues led to an increase in profitability Each system provides experiences that lead to cost reductions , which lead to deployment High prices for fossil fuels reinforce findings of the study expansion of wind and solar sustainable and economical


Question: US debt no constraints

The US has no constraints on their debt, but trying to balance it causes a global economic crisis.

David Scharfenberg & Mark Blyth 23. Interview with Mark Blyth, Professor of Political Economy at Brown University. "The federal deficit doesn't matter, says economist Mark Blyth". Boston Globe. 10-30-2023. https://archive.ph/UQt9o#selection-4097.5-4097.17

Should we be concerned chances are give it away round of tax cuts built world economy biggest importer long-term interest rates gives us consumption power we balance the books economies of China , Japan , and Germany  would explode nobody buy  stuff they produce their own economies couldn’t possibly absorb . deficit sign people hold our currency and our debt there’s no alternative fretting about deficit nonsensical If global financial hegemon don’t have these constraints .


Question: Scharfenberg and Blyth 23

The US has no constraints on their debt, but trying to balance it causes a global economic crisis.

David Scharfenberg & Mark Blyth 23. Interview with Mark Blyth, Professor of Political Economy at Brown University. "The federal deficit doesn't matter, says economist Mark Blyth". Boston Globe. 10-30-2023. https://archive.ph/UQt9o#selection-4097.5-4097.17

Should we be concerned chances are give it away round of tax cuts built world economy biggest importer long-term interest rates gives us consumption power we balance the books economies of China , Japan , and Germany  would explode nobody buy  stuff they produce their own economies couldn’t possibly absorb . deficit sign people hold our currency and our debt there’s no alternative fretting about deficit nonsensical If global financial hegemon don’t have these constraints .


Question: David Scharfenberg

The US has no constraints on their debt, but trying to balance it causes a global economic crisis.

David Scharfenberg & Mark Blyth 23. Interview with Mark Blyth, Professor of Political Economy at Brown University. "The federal deficit doesn't matter, says economist Mark Blyth". Boston Globe. 10-30-2023. https://archive.ph/UQt9o#selection-4097.5-4097.17

Should we be concerned chances are give it away round of tax cuts built world economy biggest importer long-term interest rates gives us consumption power we balance the books economies of China , Japan , and Germany  would explode nobody buy  stuff they produce their own economies couldn’t possibly absorb . deficit sign people hold our currency and our debt there’s no alternative fretting about deficit nonsensical If global financial hegemon don’t have these constraints .


Question: US balancing books causes crisis

The US has no constraints on their debt, but trying to balance it causes a global economic crisis.

David Scharfenberg & Mark Blyth 23. Interview with Mark Blyth, Professor of Political Economy at Brown University. "The federal deficit doesn't matter, says economist Mark Blyth". Boston Globe. 10-30-2023. https://archive.ph/UQt9o#selection-4097.5-4097.17

Should we be concerned chances are give it away round of tax cuts built world economy biggest importer long-term interest rates gives us consumption power we balance the books economies of China , Japan , and Germany  would explode nobody buy  stuff they produce their own economies couldn’t possibly absorb . deficit sign people hold our currency and our debt there’s no alternative fretting about deficit nonsensical If global financial hegemon don’t have these constraints .


Question: global financial hegemon constraints

The US has no constraints on their debt, but trying to balance it causes a global economic crisis.

David Scharfenberg & Mark Blyth 23. Interview with Mark Blyth, Professor of Political Economy at Brown University. "The federal deficit doesn't matter, says economist Mark Blyth". Boston Globe. 10-30-2023. https://archive.ph/UQt9o#selection-4097.5-4097.17

Should we be concerned chances are give it away round of tax cuts built world economy biggest importer long-term interest rates gives us consumption power we balance the books economies of China , Japan , and Germany  would explode nobody buy  stuff they produce their own economies couldn’t possibly absorb . deficit sign people hold our currency and our debt there’s no alternative fretting about deficit nonsensical If global financial hegemon don’t have these constraints .


Question: Economies explode US balances books

The US has no constraints on their debt, but trying to balance it causes a global economic crisis.

David Scharfenberg & Mark Blyth 23. Interview with Mark Blyth, Professor of Political Economy at Brown University. "The federal deficit doesn't matter, says economist Mark Blyth". Boston Globe. 10-30-2023. https://archive.ph/UQt9o#selection-4097.5-4097.17

Should we be concerned chances are give it away round of tax cuts built world economy biggest importer long-term interest rates gives us consumption power we balance the books economies of China , Japan , and Germany  would explode nobody buy  stuff they produce their own economies couldn’t possibly absorb . deficit sign people hold our currency and our debt there’s no alternative fretting about deficit nonsensical If global financial hegemon don’t have these constraints .


Question: US debt no alternative

The US has no constraints on their debt, but trying to balance it causes a global economic crisis.

David Scharfenberg & Mark Blyth 23. Interview with Mark Blyth, Professor of Political Economy at Brown University. "The federal deficit doesn't matter, says economist Mark Blyth". Boston Globe. 10-30-2023. https://archive.ph/UQt9o#selection-4097.5-4097.17

Should we be concerned chances are give it away round of tax cuts built world economy biggest importer long-term interest rates gives us consumption power we balance the books economies of China , Japan , and Germany  would explode nobody buy  stuff they produce their own economies couldn’t possibly absorb . deficit sign people hold our currency and our debt there’s no alternative fretting about deficit nonsensical If global financial hegemon don’t have these constraints .


Question: That solves

That solves.

Robin Kundis Craig 10 (USC Gould School of Law. “Constitutional Contours for the Design and Implementation of Multistate Renewable Energy Programs and Projects” 9/17/10 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1482611)//conway

a compact for a multistate energy program existence could shield a program from preemption States should consider the need for a compact and advantages of operating one


Question: Robin Kundis Craig 10

That solves.

Robin Kundis Craig 10 (USC Gould School of Law. “Constitutional Contours for the Design and Implementation of Multistate Renewable Energy Programs and Projects” 9/17/10 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1482611)//conway

a compact for a multistate energy program existence could shield a program from preemption States should consider the need for a compact and advantages of operating one


Question: multistate energy program preemption

That solves.

Robin Kundis Craig 10 (USC Gould School of Law. “Constitutional Contours for the Design and Implementation of Multistate Renewable Energy Programs and Projects” 9/17/10 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1482611)//conway

a compact for a multistate energy program existence could shield a program from preemption States should consider the need for a compact and advantages of operating one


Question: compact shields from preemption

That solves.

Robin Kundis Craig 10 (USC Gould School of Law. “Constitutional Contours for the Design and Implementation of Multistate Renewable Energy Programs and Projects” 9/17/10 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1482611)//conway

a compact for a multistate energy program existence could shield a program from preemption States should consider the need for a compact and advantages of operating one


Question: need for energy compact

That solves.

Robin Kundis Craig 10 (USC Gould School of Law. “Constitutional Contours for the Design and Implementation of Multistate Renewable Energy Programs and Projects” 9/17/10 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1482611)//conway

a compact for a multistate energy program existence could shield a program from preemption States should consider the need for a compact and advantages of operating one


Question: Rapid devaluation causes fire sales

Rapid devaluation causes fire sales that collapse the global economy.

Bateson and Rothstein 24 (Blair Bateson is the director of the company network at the sustainability nonprofit Ceres, Steven Rothstein is the managing director of the Ceres Accelerator for Sustainable Capital Markets, “Will climate risk trigger the next great financial crisis?”, 3/28/24, https://greencentralbanking.com/2024/03/28/will-climate-risk-trigger-the-next-great-financial-crisis/.) pelletier

climate risk – could spiral out of control banks need to move faster And our world is far from globally coordinated disorderly transition is raising the possibility of shocks to asset values timing is unpredictable rapid devaluation could trigger fire sales climate risk slashing growth by 11% risk results from physical impacts of climate change but also transition risks to low-carbon How the US prepares is crucial, given its outsized impact on financ


Question: Bateson and Rothstein 24

Rapid devaluation causes fire sales that collapse the global economy.

Bateson and Rothstein 24 (Blair Bateson is the director of the company network at the sustainability nonprofit Ceres, Steven Rothstein is the managing director of the Ceres Accelerator for Sustainable Capital Markets, “Will climate risk trigger the next great financial crisis?”, 3/28/24, https://greencentralbanking.com/2024/03/28/will-climate-risk-trigger-the-next-great-financial-crisis/.) pelletier

climate risk – could spiral out of control banks need to move faster And our world is far from globally coordinated disorderly transition is raising the possibility of shocks to asset values timing is unpredictable rapid devaluation could trigger fire sales climate risk slashing growth by 11% risk results from physical impacts of climate change but also transition risks to low-carbon How the US prepares is crucial, given its outsized impact on financ


Question: climate risk trigger financial crisis

Rapid devaluation causes fire sales that collapse the global economy.

Bateson and Rothstein 24 (Blair Bateson is the director of the company network at the sustainability nonprofit Ceres, Steven Rothstein is the managing director of the Ceres Accelerator for Sustainable Capital Markets, “Will climate risk trigger the next great financial crisis?”, 3/28/24, https://greencentralbanking.com/2024/03/28/will-climate-risk-trigger-the-next-great-financial-crisis/.) pelletier

climate risk – could spiral out of control banks need to move faster And our world is far from globally coordinated disorderly transition is raising the possibility of shocks to asset values timing is unpredictable rapid devaluation could trigger fire sales climate risk slashing growth by 11% risk results from physical impacts of climate change but also transition risks to low-carbon How the US prepares is crucial, given its outsized impact on financ


Question: climate risk slashing growth

Rapid devaluation causes fire sales that collapse the global economy.

Bateson and Rothstein 24 (Blair Bateson is the director of the company network at the sustainability nonprofit Ceres, Steven Rothstein is the managing director of the Ceres Accelerator for Sustainable Capital Markets, “Will climate risk trigger the next great financial crisis?”, 3/28/24, https://greencentralbanking.com/2024/03/28/will-climate-risk-trigger-the-next-great-financial-crisis/.) pelletier

climate risk – could spiral out of control banks need to move faster And our world is far from globally coordinated disorderly transition is raising the possibility of shocks to asset values timing is unpredictable rapid devaluation could trigger fire sales climate risk slashing growth by 11% risk results from physical impacts of climate change but also transition risks to low-carbon How the US prepares is crucial, given its outsized impact on financ


Question: disorderly transition shocks asset values

Rapid devaluation causes fire sales that collapse the global economy.

Bateson and Rothstein 24 (Blair Bateson is the director of the company network at the sustainability nonprofit Ceres, Steven Rothstein is the managing director of the Ceres Accelerator for Sustainable Capital Markets, “Will climate risk trigger the next great financial crisis?”, 3/28/24, https://greencentralbanking.com/2024/03/28/will-climate-risk-trigger-the-next-great-financial-crisis/.) pelletier

climate risk – could spiral out of control banks need to move faster And our world is far from globally coordinated disorderly transition is raising the possibility of shocks to asset values timing is unpredictable rapid devaluation could trigger fire sales climate risk slashing growth by 11% risk results from physical impacts of climate change but also transition risks to low-carbon How the US prepares is crucial, given its outsized impact on financ


Question: climate risk fire sales

Rapid devaluation causes fire sales that collapse the global economy.

Bateson and Rothstein 24 (Blair Bateson is the director of the company network at the sustainability nonprofit Ceres, Steven Rothstein is the managing director of the Ceres Accelerator for Sustainable Capital Markets, “Will climate risk trigger the next great financial crisis?”, 3/28/24, https://greencentralbanking.com/2024/03/28/will-climate-risk-trigger-the-next-great-financial-crisis/.) pelletier

climate risk – could spiral out of control banks need to move faster And our world is far from globally coordinated disorderly transition is raising the possibility of shocks to asset values timing is unpredictable rapid devaluation could trigger fire sales climate risk slashing growth by 11% risk results from physical impacts of climate change but also transition risks to low-carbon How the US prepares is crucial, given its outsized impact on financ


Question: climate risk and devaluation

Rapid devaluation causes fire sales that collapse the global economy.

Bateson and Rothstein 24 (Blair Bateson is the director of the company network at the sustainability nonprofit Ceres, Steven Rothstein is the managing director of the Ceres Accelerator for Sustainable Capital Markets, “Will climate risk trigger the next great financial crisis?”, 3/28/24, https://greencentralbanking.com/2024/03/28/will-climate-risk-trigger-the-next-great-financial-crisis/.) pelletier

climate risk – could spiral out of control banks need to move faster And our world is far from globally coordinated disorderly transition is raising the possibility of shocks to asset values timing is unpredictable rapid devaluation could trigger fire sales climate risk slashing growth by 11% risk results from physical impacts of climate change but also transition risks to low-carbon How the US prepares is crucial, given its outsized impact on financ


Question: climate risk banks need to move

Rapid devaluation causes fire sales that collapse the global economy.

Bateson and Rothstein 24 (Blair Bateson is the director of the company network at the sustainability nonprofit Ceres, Steven Rothstein is the managing director of the Ceres Accelerator for Sustainable Capital Markets, “Will climate risk trigger the next great financial crisis?”, 3/28/24, https://greencentralbanking.com/2024/03/28/will-climate-risk-trigger-the-next-great-financial-crisis/.) pelletier

climate risk – could spiral out of control banks need to move faster And our world is far from globally coordinated disorderly transition is raising the possibility of shocks to asset values timing is unpredictable rapid devaluation could trigger fire sales climate risk slashing growth by 11% risk results from physical impacts of climate change but also transition risks to low-carbon How the US prepares is crucial, given its outsized impact on financ


Question: sabotage is not politics

The 1AC’s turn towards ‘planning’ articulated as ‘sabotage’ and ‘Undercommon’ is a mode of refusal that retreats from necessary politics and entrenches the violence they critique.

Shulman 20, professor at the Gallatin School of Individualized Study at New York University (George, 2020, “Fred Moten’s Refusals and Consents: The Politics of Fugitivity,” SAGE Journals, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0090591720937375,)

In The Undercommons politics is the “radiation” of critique inherently “ correctional enforcing the metaphysics of the subject , and antiblackness Moten declare Black Panthers practicing “ planning” as if the Panthers did not organize a party , define authority , exercise organizational power , undertake public engagements with political institutions and claim popular sovereignty Panthers endorsed a self-correction within affirmation of black value self-defense by organized power seems inherently self-defeating , I would render the inferences contestable however , does he open a space for politics otherwise? not predicated on exclusion of difference could it represent another politics ? Moten denies this After all, grand marronage Native American and Zapatista politics draw antistate frontiers to protect ante-state  integrity of self-organization on nonstatist terms , to protect blackness they affirm dispossession ethically contest politically tribes, maroons, or Zapatista do not denounce sovereignty but reanimate ideas to organize self-defense democratic governance, and imagine community as a distinct political body refusing sovereign subject Moten signal undercommon is suffused by mutual care but ignores divisions by class, gender, or homophobia instead of directly addressing inequality invokes commonality that inequalities jeopardize egalitarian “modality” of sociality is not ontologically guaranteed equality requires organized struggle not only against formal white institutions but also against “informal forms” of domination demands inward and outward politics


Question: Shulman 20

The 1AC’s turn towards ‘planning’ articulated as ‘sabotage’ and ‘Undercommon’ is a mode of refusal that retreats from necessary politics and entrenches the violence they critique.

Shulman 20, professor at the Gallatin School of Individualized Study at New York University (George, 2020, “Fred Moten’s Refusals and Consents: The Politics of Fugitivity,” SAGE Journals, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0090591720937375,)

In The Undercommons politics is the “radiation” of critique inherently “ correctional enforcing the metaphysics of the subject , and antiblackness Moten declare Black Panthers practicing “ planning” as if the Panthers did not organize a party , define authority , exercise organizational power , undertake public engagements with political institutions and claim popular sovereignty Panthers endorsed a self-correction within affirmation of black value self-defense by organized power seems inherently self-defeating , I would render the inferences contestable however , does he open a space for politics otherwise? not predicated on exclusion of difference could it represent another politics ? Moten denies this After all, grand marronage Native American and Zapatista politics draw antistate frontiers to protect ante-state  integrity of self-organization on nonstatist terms , to protect blackness they affirm dispossession ethically contest politically tribes, maroons, or Zapatista do not denounce sovereignty but reanimate ideas to organize self-defense democratic governance, and imagine community as a distinct political body refusing sovereign subject Moten signal undercommon is suffused by mutual care but ignores divisions by class, gender, or homophobia instead of directly addressing inequality invokes commonality that inequalities jeopardize egalitarian “modality” of sociality is not ontologically guaranteed equality requires organized struggle not only against formal white institutions but also against “informal forms” of domination demands inward and outward politics


Question: Fred Moten's Refusals and Consents

The 1AC’s turn towards ‘planning’ articulated as ‘sabotage’ and ‘Undercommon’ is a mode of refusal that retreats from necessary politics and entrenches the violence they critique.

Shulman 20, professor at the Gallatin School of Individualized Study at New York University (George, 2020, “Fred Moten’s Refusals and Consents: The Politics of Fugitivity,” SAGE Journals, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0090591720937375,)

In The Undercommons politics is the “radiation” of critique inherently “ correctional enforcing the metaphysics of the subject , and antiblackness Moten declare Black Panthers practicing “ planning” as if the Panthers did not organize a party , define authority , exercise organizational power , undertake public engagements with political institutions and claim popular sovereignty Panthers endorsed a self-correction within affirmation of black value self-defense by organized power seems inherently self-defeating , I would render the inferences contestable however , does he open a space for politics otherwise? not predicated on exclusion of difference could it represent another politics ? Moten denies this After all, grand marronage Native American and Zapatista politics draw antistate frontiers to protect ante-state  integrity of self-organization on nonstatist terms , to protect blackness they affirm dispossession ethically contest politically tribes, maroons, or Zapatista do not denounce sovereignty but reanimate ideas to organize self-defense democratic governance, and imagine community as a distinct political body refusing sovereign subject Moten signal undercommon is suffused by mutual care but ignores divisions by class, gender, or homophobia instead of directly addressing inequality invokes commonality that inequalities jeopardize egalitarian “modality” of sociality is not ontologically guaranteed equality requires organized struggle not only against formal white institutions but also against “informal forms” of domination demands inward and outward politics


Question: undercommon retreats from politics

The 1AC’s turn towards ‘planning’ articulated as ‘sabotage’ and ‘Undercommon’ is a mode of refusal that retreats from necessary politics and entrenches the violence they critique.

Shulman 20, professor at the Gallatin School of Individualized Study at New York University (George, 2020, “Fred Moten’s Refusals and Consents: The Politics of Fugitivity,” SAGE Journals, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0090591720937375,)

In The Undercommons politics is the “radiation” of critique inherently “ correctional enforcing the metaphysics of the subject , and antiblackness Moten declare Black Panthers practicing “ planning” as if the Panthers did not organize a party , define authority , exercise organizational power , undertake public engagements with political institutions and claim popular sovereignty Panthers endorsed a self-correction within affirmation of black value self-defense by organized power seems inherently self-defeating , I would render the inferences contestable however , does he open a space for politics otherwise? not predicated on exclusion of difference could it represent another politics ? Moten denies this After all, grand marronage Native American and Zapatista politics draw antistate frontiers to protect ante-state  integrity of self-organization on nonstatist terms , to protect blackness they affirm dispossession ethically contest politically tribes, maroons, or Zapatista do not denounce sovereignty but reanimate ideas to organize self-defense democratic governance, and imagine community as a distinct political body refusing sovereign subject Moten signal undercommon is suffused by mutual care but ignores divisions by class, gender, or homophobia instead of directly addressing inequality invokes commonality that inequalities jeopardize egalitarian “modality” of sociality is not ontologically guaranteed equality requires organized struggle not only against formal white institutions but also against “informal forms” of domination demands inward and outward politics