Question: Climate change and X. fastidiosa

Climate change spreads ag disease globally

Saifi, et al., 2024. Rayane Saifi (Research Laboratory of Sciences and Environment: Bioresources, Geochemical-Physics, legislation and socio-economic development, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, University of Tamanghasset, Tamanghasset, Algeria) Hysen Kokici (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy; Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania) Hadjer Saifi (Biogeochemistry of desert environments laboratory, Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physicochemical Analysis, Department of Biological Sciences, Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla, Algeria) Izzet Akea (Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey) Messaouda Benabdelkader (Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Setif University, Department of Environment and Agronomy, Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia University, Jijel, Algeria) Bekri Xhemali, Ejup Cota, and Ayoub Hadjeb, 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Plant Quarantine Challenges under Climate Change Anxiety “Chapter 11: Does Climate Change Heighten the Risk of Xylella fastidiosa Infection?” https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bekri-Xhemali/publication/380610532_Does_Climate_Change_Heighten_the_Risk_of_Xylella_fastidiosa_Infection/links/664c9b4022a7f16b4f409ad1/Does-Climate-Change-Heighten-the-Risk-of-Xylella-fastidiosa-Infection.pdf Accessed9.11.2024///mosuQ

climate change encompass weather shrinking of global ice sheets and rise in sea level primary driving force attributed to human activities fossil fuels greenhouse gases recognition of impact of climat on pathogens specifically those that impact ag extensive X. fastidiosa prominent menace to ag induce severe diseases in a diverse range of plants the plant dies infection may not manifest noticeable signs  transmission particularly susceptible to variations in temperature precipitation and geographic range alteration in the range and density of X. f arise as a consequence of warming emergence and establishment in previously unaffected areas posing unparalleled difficulties to agricultural systems on a global scale


Question: Solves despite trump

Solves despite Trump.

Hafstead and Chen 17, [Marc Hafstead joined RFF in 2013 from Stanford University. He is an RFF fellow and director of the Carbon Pricing Initiative and the Climate Finance and Financial Risk Initiative. His research has primarily focused on the evaluation and design of federal and state-level climate and energy policies using sophisticated multi-sector models of the US economy. With Stanford Professor and RFF University Fellow Lawrence H. Goulder, he wrote Confronting the Climate Challenge: US Policy Options (Columbia University Press) to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of federal carbon taxes, cap-and-trade programs, clean energy standards, and gasoline. His research has also analyzed the distributional and employment impacts of carbon pricing and the design of tax adjustment mechanisms to reduce the emissions uncertainty of carbon tax policies. His paper “Impacts of a Carbon Tax across U.S. Household Income Groups: What Are the Equity-Efficiency Trade-Offs?” (with Larry Goulder, GyuRim Kim, and Xianling Long) won the Journal of Public Economics 2021 Atkinson Award for best paper published in the journal between 2018 and 2020. Hafstead has been cited in the popular press, including the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, Axios, and CNNMoney. Yunguang Chen. “The Paris Agreement under Trump and the Merits of an Economy-Wide Carbon Tax.” January 17, 2017. https://www.resources.org/common-resources/the-paris-agreement-under-trump-and-the-merits-of-an-economy-wide-carbon-tax/]//KAK

carbon tax necessary to meet reduction target assuming Trump does away with Clean Power Plan In scenario that reg s are scrapped , we find econ wide carbon tax hit the target


Question: Hafstead and Chen 17

Solves despite Trump.

Hafstead and Chen 17, [Marc Hafstead joined RFF in 2013 from Stanford University. He is an RFF fellow and director of the Carbon Pricing Initiative and the Climate Finance and Financial Risk Initiative. His research has primarily focused on the evaluation and design of federal and state-level climate and energy policies using sophisticated multi-sector models of the US economy. With Stanford Professor and RFF University Fellow Lawrence H. Goulder, he wrote Confronting the Climate Challenge: US Policy Options (Columbia University Press) to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of federal carbon taxes, cap-and-trade programs, clean energy standards, and gasoline. His research has also analyzed the distributional and employment impacts of carbon pricing and the design of tax adjustment mechanisms to reduce the emissions uncertainty of carbon tax policies. His paper “Impacts of a Carbon Tax across U.S. Household Income Groups: What Are the Equity-Efficiency Trade-Offs?” (with Larry Goulder, GyuRim Kim, and Xianling Long) won the Journal of Public Economics 2021 Atkinson Award for best paper published in the journal between 2018 and 2020. Hafstead has been cited in the popular press, including the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, Axios, and CNNMoney. Yunguang Chen. “The Paris Agreement under Trump and the Merits of an Economy-Wide Carbon Tax.” January 17, 2017. https://www.resources.org/common-resources/the-paris-agreement-under-trump-and-the-merits-of-an-economy-wide-carbon-tax/]//KAK

carbon tax necessary to meet reduction target assuming Trump does away with Clean Power Plan In scenario that reg s are scrapped , we find econ wide carbon tax hit the target


Question: Carbon tax meets target

Solves despite Trump.

Hafstead and Chen 17, [Marc Hafstead joined RFF in 2013 from Stanford University. He is an RFF fellow and director of the Carbon Pricing Initiative and the Climate Finance and Financial Risk Initiative. His research has primarily focused on the evaluation and design of federal and state-level climate and energy policies using sophisticated multi-sector models of the US economy. With Stanford Professor and RFF University Fellow Lawrence H. Goulder, he wrote Confronting the Climate Challenge: US Policy Options (Columbia University Press) to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of federal carbon taxes, cap-and-trade programs, clean energy standards, and gasoline. His research has also analyzed the distributional and employment impacts of carbon pricing and the design of tax adjustment mechanisms to reduce the emissions uncertainty of carbon tax policies. His paper “Impacts of a Carbon Tax across U.S. Household Income Groups: What Are the Equity-Efficiency Trade-Offs?” (with Larry Goulder, GyuRim Kim, and Xianling Long) won the Journal of Public Economics 2021 Atkinson Award for best paper published in the journal between 2018 and 2020. Hafstead has been cited in the popular press, including the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, Axios, and CNNMoney. Yunguang Chen. “The Paris Agreement under Trump and the Merits of an Economy-Wide Carbon Tax.” January 17, 2017. https://www.resources.org/common-resources/the-paris-agreement-under-trump-and-the-merits-of-an-economy-wide-carbon-tax/]//KAK

carbon tax necessary to meet reduction target assuming Trump does away with Clean Power Plan In scenario that reg s are scrapped , we find econ wide carbon tax hit the target


Question: carbon tax reduction target

Solves despite Trump.

Hafstead and Chen 17, [Marc Hafstead joined RFF in 2013 from Stanford University. He is an RFF fellow and director of the Carbon Pricing Initiative and the Climate Finance and Financial Risk Initiative. His research has primarily focused on the evaluation and design of federal and state-level climate and energy policies using sophisticated multi-sector models of the US economy. With Stanford Professor and RFF University Fellow Lawrence H. Goulder, he wrote Confronting the Climate Challenge: US Policy Options (Columbia University Press) to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of federal carbon taxes, cap-and-trade programs, clean energy standards, and gasoline. His research has also analyzed the distributional and employment impacts of carbon pricing and the design of tax adjustment mechanisms to reduce the emissions uncertainty of carbon tax policies. His paper “Impacts of a Carbon Tax across U.S. Household Income Groups: What Are the Equity-Efficiency Trade-Offs?” (with Larry Goulder, GyuRim Kim, and Xianling Long) won the Journal of Public Economics 2021 Atkinson Award for best paper published in the journal between 2018 and 2020. Hafstead has been cited in the popular press, including the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, Axios, and CNNMoney. Yunguang Chen. “The Paris Agreement under Trump and the Merits of an Economy-Wide Carbon Tax.” January 17, 2017. https://www.resources.org/common-resources/the-paris-agreement-under-trump-and-the-merits-of-an-economy-wide-carbon-tax/]//KAK

carbon tax necessary to meet reduction target assuming Trump does away with Clean Power Plan In scenario that reg s are scrapped , we find econ wide carbon tax hit the target


Question: Trump clean power plan

Solves despite Trump.

Hafstead and Chen 17, [Marc Hafstead joined RFF in 2013 from Stanford University. He is an RFF fellow and director of the Carbon Pricing Initiative and the Climate Finance and Financial Risk Initiative. His research has primarily focused on the evaluation and design of federal and state-level climate and energy policies using sophisticated multi-sector models of the US economy. With Stanford Professor and RFF University Fellow Lawrence H. Goulder, he wrote Confronting the Climate Challenge: US Policy Options (Columbia University Press) to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of federal carbon taxes, cap-and-trade programs, clean energy standards, and gasoline. His research has also analyzed the distributional and employment impacts of carbon pricing and the design of tax adjustment mechanisms to reduce the emissions uncertainty of carbon tax policies. His paper “Impacts of a Carbon Tax across U.S. Household Income Groups: What Are the Equity-Efficiency Trade-Offs?” (with Larry Goulder, GyuRim Kim, and Xianling Long) won the Journal of Public Economics 2021 Atkinson Award for best paper published in the journal between 2018 and 2020. Hafstead has been cited in the popular press, including the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, Axios, and CNNMoney. Yunguang Chen. “The Paris Agreement under Trump and the Merits of an Economy-Wide Carbon Tax.” January 17, 2017. https://www.resources.org/common-resources/the-paris-agreement-under-trump-and-the-merits-of-an-economy-wide-carbon-tax/]//KAK

carbon tax necessary to meet reduction target assuming Trump does away with Clean Power Plan In scenario that reg s are scrapped , we find econ wide carbon tax hit the target


Question: economy wide carbon tax

Solves despite Trump.

Hafstead and Chen 17, [Marc Hafstead joined RFF in 2013 from Stanford University. He is an RFF fellow and director of the Carbon Pricing Initiative and the Climate Finance and Financial Risk Initiative. His research has primarily focused on the evaluation and design of federal and state-level climate and energy policies using sophisticated multi-sector models of the US economy. With Stanford Professor and RFF University Fellow Lawrence H. Goulder, he wrote Confronting the Climate Challenge: US Policy Options (Columbia University Press) to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of federal carbon taxes, cap-and-trade programs, clean energy standards, and gasoline. His research has also analyzed the distributional and employment impacts of carbon pricing and the design of tax adjustment mechanisms to reduce the emissions uncertainty of carbon tax policies. His paper “Impacts of a Carbon Tax across U.S. Household Income Groups: What Are the Equity-Efficiency Trade-Offs?” (with Larry Goulder, GyuRim Kim, and Xianling Long) won the Journal of Public Economics 2021 Atkinson Award for best paper published in the journal between 2018 and 2020. Hafstead has been cited in the popular press, including the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, Axios, and CNNMoney. Yunguang Chen. “The Paris Agreement under Trump and the Merits of an Economy-Wide Carbon Tax.” January 17, 2017. https://www.resources.org/common-resources/the-paris-agreement-under-trump-and-the-merits-of-an-economy-wide-carbon-tax/]//KAK

carbon tax necessary to meet reduction target assuming Trump does away with Clean Power Plan In scenario that reg s are scrapped , we find econ wide carbon tax hit the target


Question: Steel is decked

Steel is decked.

Geoff Colvin 9/21 (is an award-winning thinker, author, broadcaster, and speaker on today's most significant trends in business. As a longtime editor and writer for Fortune, he has become one of America's sharpest and most respected commentators on leadership, globalization, wealth creation, the infotech revolution, and related issues. “How U.S. Steel’s long, painful decline turned into a political lightning rod” 9/21/24 https://fortune.com/2024/09/21/us-steel-news-stock-price-nippon-takeover/)//conway

The central fact is that U.S. Steel needs help fast. revenue fell 14% and profits fell 65%. pathetically small. Lay off 15,000 employees


Question: Colvin 9/21 US steel

Steel is decked.

Geoff Colvin 9/21 (is an award-winning thinker, author, broadcaster, and speaker on today's most significant trends in business. As a longtime editor and writer for Fortune, he has become one of America's sharpest and most respected commentators on leadership, globalization, wealth creation, the infotech revolution, and related issues. “How U.S. Steel’s long, painful decline turned into a political lightning rod” 9/21/24 https://fortune.com/2024/09/21/us-steel-news-stock-price-nippon-takeover/)//conway

The central fact is that U.S. Steel needs help fast. revenue fell 14% and profits fell 65%. pathetically small. Lay off 15,000 employees


Question: Geoff Colvin US steel

Steel is decked.

Geoff Colvin 9/21 (is an award-winning thinker, author, broadcaster, and speaker on today's most significant trends in business. As a longtime editor and writer for Fortune, he has become one of America's sharpest and most respected commentators on leadership, globalization, wealth creation, the infotech revolution, and related issues. “How U.S. Steel’s long, painful decline turned into a political lightning rod” 9/21/24 https://fortune.com/2024/09/21/us-steel-news-stock-price-nippon-takeover/)//conway

The central fact is that U.S. Steel needs help fast. revenue fell 14% and profits fell 65%. pathetically small. Lay off 15,000 employees


Question: US steel needs help fast

Steel is decked.

Geoff Colvin 9/21 (is an award-winning thinker, author, broadcaster, and speaker on today's most significant trends in business. As a longtime editor and writer for Fortune, he has become one of America's sharpest and most respected commentators on leadership, globalization, wealth creation, the infotech revolution, and related issues. “How U.S. Steel’s long, painful decline turned into a political lightning rod” 9/21/24 https://fortune.com/2024/09/21/us-steel-news-stock-price-nippon-takeover/)//conway

The central fact is that U.S. Steel needs help fast. revenue fell 14% and profits fell 65%. pathetically small. Lay off 15,000 employees


Question: US steel revenue fell

Steel is decked.

Geoff Colvin 9/21 (is an award-winning thinker, author, broadcaster, and speaker on today's most significant trends in business. As a longtime editor and writer for Fortune, he has become one of America's sharpest and most respected commentators on leadership, globalization, wealth creation, the infotech revolution, and related issues. “How U.S. Steel’s long, painful decline turned into a political lightning rod” 9/21/24 https://fortune.com/2024/09/21/us-steel-news-stock-price-nippon-takeover/)//conway

The central fact is that U.S. Steel needs help fast. revenue fell 14% and profits fell 65%. pathetically small. Lay off 15,000 employees


Question: US steel layoff 15000

Steel is decked.

Geoff Colvin 9/21 (is an award-winning thinker, author, broadcaster, and speaker on today's most significant trends in business. As a longtime editor and writer for Fortune, he has become one of America's sharpest and most respected commentators on leadership, globalization, wealth creation, the infotech revolution, and related issues. “How U.S. Steel’s long, painful decline turned into a political lightning rod” 9/21/24 https://fortune.com/2024/09/21/us-steel-news-stock-price-nippon-takeover/)//conway

The central fact is that U.S. Steel needs help fast. revenue fell 14% and profits fell 65%. pathetically small. Lay off 15,000 employees


Question: US steel decline

Steel is decked.

Geoff Colvin 9/21 (is an award-winning thinker, author, broadcaster, and speaker on today's most significant trends in business. As a longtime editor and writer for Fortune, he has become one of America's sharpest and most respected commentators on leadership, globalization, wealth creation, the infotech revolution, and related issues. “How U.S. Steel’s long, painful decline turned into a political lightning rod” 9/21/24 https://fortune.com/2024/09/21/us-steel-news-stock-price-nippon-takeover/)//conway

The central fact is that U.S. Steel needs help fast. revenue fell 14% and profits fell 65%. pathetically small. Lay off 15,000 employees


Question: US steel profits fell 65%

Steel is decked.

Geoff Colvin 9/21 (is an award-winning thinker, author, broadcaster, and speaker on today's most significant trends in business. As a longtime editor and writer for Fortune, he has become one of America's sharpest and most respected commentators on leadership, globalization, wealth creation, the infotech revolution, and related issues. “How U.S. Steel’s long, painful decline turned into a political lightning rod” 9/21/24 https://fortune.com/2024/09/21/us-steel-news-stock-price-nippon-takeover/)//conway

The central fact is that U.S. Steel needs help fast. revenue fell 14% and profits fell 65%. pathetically small. Lay off 15,000 employees


Question: societal revamping incompatible with warming

Societal revamping is desirable, but not compatible with the immanence of warming---quick action using existing institutions is the only solution and opens space for critical alternatives

Dr. Christian Parenti 13, Professor of Sustainable Development at the School for International Training, Graduate Institute, Associate Professor of Economics at John Jay College, City University of New York, PhD in Sociology and Geography from the London School of Economics and Political Science, B.A. in Interdisciplinary Social Science from the New School for Social Research, “A Radical Approach to the Climate Crisis”, Dissent Magazine, Summer 2013, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/a-radical-approach-to-the-climate-crisis [language modified]

halting emissions is a specific problem Dealing with climate by first achieving social transformation would be a long multigenerational , struggle A radical approach begins not with a long-term vision of an alternate society but with honest engagement with the compressed timeframe science implies these are real parameters scientific consensus runs as follows rate is accelerating beyond 2 degrees will lead to dangerous change there exist feedback loops and tipping points it means this society and these institutions must cut emissions in the short-term, realistic politics are reformist even if part of longer-term re-organization the means to do that exist E P A could achieve significant immediate reductions using existing laws history of regulation is the story of protest they forced regulation By the 1830s cities had become incubators of cholera and yellow fever reforms contained and defeated epidemics hogs were banned refuse collection began, sewers were built Eventually epidemics stopped past solutions offer lessons solving climate —like contagions—will require the state Anyone who thinks the existing system must be transformed before we deal with climate is in willful denial If climate unravels, all bets are off progressive visions will be swallowed by rising seas or smashed by climate chaos


Question: Parenti 13

Societal revamping is desirable, but not compatible with the immanence of warming---quick action using existing institutions is the only solution and opens space for critical alternatives

Dr. Christian Parenti 13, Professor of Sustainable Development at the School for International Training, Graduate Institute, Associate Professor of Economics at John Jay College, City University of New York, PhD in Sociology and Geography from the London School of Economics and Political Science, B.A. in Interdisciplinary Social Science from the New School for Social Research, “A Radical Approach to the Climate Crisis”, Dissent Magazine, Summer 2013, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/a-radical-approach-to-the-climate-crisis [language modified]

halting emissions is a specific problem Dealing with climate by first achieving social transformation would be a long multigenerational , struggle A radical approach begins not with a long-term vision of an alternate society but with honest engagement with the compressed timeframe science implies these are real parameters scientific consensus runs as follows rate is accelerating beyond 2 degrees will lead to dangerous change there exist feedback loops and tipping points it means this society and these institutions must cut emissions in the short-term, realistic politics are reformist even if part of longer-term re-organization the means to do that exist E P A could achieve significant immediate reductions using existing laws history of regulation is the story of protest they forced regulation By the 1830s cities had become incubators of cholera and yellow fever reforms contained and defeated epidemics hogs were banned refuse collection began, sewers were built Eventually epidemics stopped past solutions offer lessons solving climate —like contagions—will require the state Anyone who thinks the existing system must be transformed before we deal with climate is in willful denial If climate unravels, all bets are off progressive visions will be swallowed by rising seas or smashed by climate chaos


Question: Christian Parenti climate crisis

Societal revamping is desirable, but not compatible with the immanence of warming---quick action using existing institutions is the only solution and opens space for critical alternatives

Dr. Christian Parenti 13, Professor of Sustainable Development at the School for International Training, Graduate Institute, Associate Professor of Economics at John Jay College, City University of New York, PhD in Sociology and Geography from the London School of Economics and Political Science, B.A. in Interdisciplinary Social Science from the New School for Social Research, “A Radical Approach to the Climate Crisis”, Dissent Magazine, Summer 2013, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/a-radical-approach-to-the-climate-crisis [language modified]

halting emissions is a specific problem Dealing with climate by first achieving social transformation would be a long multigenerational , struggle A radical approach begins not with a long-term vision of an alternate society but with honest engagement with the compressed timeframe science implies these are real parameters scientific consensus runs as follows rate is accelerating beyond 2 degrees will lead to dangerous change there exist feedback loops and tipping points it means this society and these institutions must cut emissions in the short-term, realistic politics are reformist even if part of longer-term re-organization the means to do that exist E P A could achieve significant immediate reductions using existing laws history of regulation is the story of protest they forced regulation By the 1830s cities had become incubators of cholera and yellow fever reforms contained and defeated epidemics hogs were banned refuse collection began, sewers were built Eventually epidemics stopped past solutions offer lessons solving climate —like contagions—will require the state Anyone who thinks the existing system must be transformed before we deal with climate is in willful denial If climate unravels, all bets are off progressive visions will be swallowed by rising seas or smashed by climate chaos


Question: climate change needs quick action

Societal revamping is desirable, but not compatible with the immanence of warming---quick action using existing institutions is the only solution and opens space for critical alternatives

Dr. Christian Parenti 13, Professor of Sustainable Development at the School for International Training, Graduate Institute, Associate Professor of Economics at John Jay College, City University of New York, PhD in Sociology and Geography from the London School of Economics and Political Science, B.A. in Interdisciplinary Social Science from the New School for Social Research, “A Radical Approach to the Climate Crisis”, Dissent Magazine, Summer 2013, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/a-radical-approach-to-the-climate-crisis [language modified]

halting emissions is a specific problem Dealing with climate by first achieving social transformation would be a long multigenerational , struggle A radical approach begins not with a long-term vision of an alternate society but with honest engagement with the compressed timeframe science implies these are real parameters scientific consensus runs as follows rate is accelerating beyond 2 degrees will lead to dangerous change there exist feedback loops and tipping points it means this society and these institutions must cut emissions in the short-term, realistic politics are reformist even if part of longer-term re-organization the means to do that exist E P A could achieve significant immediate reductions using existing laws history of regulation is the story of protest they forced regulation By the 1830s cities had become incubators of cholera and yellow fever reforms contained and defeated epidemics hogs were banned refuse collection began, sewers were built Eventually epidemics stopped past solutions offer lessons solving climate —like contagions—will require the state Anyone who thinks the existing system must be transformed before we deal with climate is in willful denial If climate unravels, all bets are off progressive visions will be swallowed by rising seas or smashed by climate chaos


Question: immediate climate action needed

Societal revamping is desirable, but not compatible with the immanence of warming---quick action using existing institutions is the only solution and opens space for critical alternatives

Dr. Christian Parenti 13, Professor of Sustainable Development at the School for International Training, Graduate Institute, Associate Professor of Economics at John Jay College, City University of New York, PhD in Sociology and Geography from the London School of Economics and Political Science, B.A. in Interdisciplinary Social Science from the New School for Social Research, “A Radical Approach to the Climate Crisis”, Dissent Magazine, Summer 2013, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/a-radical-approach-to-the-climate-crisis [language modified]

halting emissions is a specific problem Dealing with climate by first achieving social transformation would be a long multigenerational , struggle A radical approach begins not with a long-term vision of an alternate society but with honest engagement with the compressed timeframe science implies these are real parameters scientific consensus runs as follows rate is accelerating beyond 2 degrees will lead to dangerous change there exist feedback loops and tipping points it means this society and these institutions must cut emissions in the short-term, realistic politics are reformist even if part of longer-term re-organization the means to do that exist E P A could achieve significant immediate reductions using existing laws history of regulation is the story of protest they forced regulation By the 1830s cities had become incubators of cholera and yellow fever reforms contained and defeated epidemics hogs were banned refuse collection began, sewers were built Eventually epidemics stopped past solutions offer lessons solving climate —like contagions—will require the state Anyone who thinks the existing system must be transformed before we deal with climate is in willful denial If climate unravels, all bets are off progressive visions will be swallowed by rising seas or smashed by climate chaos


Question: existing institutions must cut emissions

Societal revamping is desirable, but not compatible with the immanence of warming---quick action using existing institutions is the only solution and opens space for critical alternatives

Dr. Christian Parenti 13, Professor of Sustainable Development at the School for International Training, Graduate Institute, Associate Professor of Economics at John Jay College, City University of New York, PhD in Sociology and Geography from the London School of Economics and Political Science, B.A. in Interdisciplinary Social Science from the New School for Social Research, “A Radical Approach to the Climate Crisis”, Dissent Magazine, Summer 2013, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/a-radical-approach-to-the-climate-crisis [language modified]

halting emissions is a specific problem Dealing with climate by first achieving social transformation would be a long multigenerational , struggle A radical approach begins not with a long-term vision of an alternate society but with honest engagement with the compressed timeframe science implies these are real parameters scientific consensus runs as follows rate is accelerating beyond 2 degrees will lead to dangerous change there exist feedback loops and tipping points it means this society and these institutions must cut emissions in the short-term, realistic politics are reformist even if part of longer-term re-organization the means to do that exist E P A could achieve significant immediate reductions using existing laws history of regulation is the story of protest they forced regulation By the 1830s cities had become incubators of cholera and yellow fever reforms contained and defeated epidemics hogs were banned refuse collection began, sewers were built Eventually epidemics stopped past solutions offer lessons solving climate —like contagions—will require the state Anyone who thinks the existing system must be transformed before we deal with climate is in willful denial If climate unravels, all bets are off progressive visions will be swallowed by rising seas or smashed by climate chaos


Question: climate unravels all bets are off

Societal revamping is desirable, but not compatible with the immanence of warming---quick action using existing institutions is the only solution and opens space for critical alternatives

Dr. Christian Parenti 13, Professor of Sustainable Development at the School for International Training, Graduate Institute, Associate Professor of Economics at John Jay College, City University of New York, PhD in Sociology and Geography from the London School of Economics and Political Science, B.A. in Interdisciplinary Social Science from the New School for Social Research, “A Radical Approach to the Climate Crisis”, Dissent Magazine, Summer 2013, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/a-radical-approach-to-the-climate-crisis [language modified]

halting emissions is a specific problem Dealing with climate by first achieving social transformation would be a long multigenerational , struggle A radical approach begins not with a long-term vision of an alternate society but with honest engagement with the compressed timeframe science implies these are real parameters scientific consensus runs as follows rate is accelerating beyond 2 degrees will lead to dangerous change there exist feedback loops and tipping points it means this society and these institutions must cut emissions in the short-term, realistic politics are reformist even if part of longer-term re-organization the means to do that exist E P A could achieve significant immediate reductions using existing laws history of regulation is the story of protest they forced regulation By the 1830s cities had become incubators of cholera and yellow fever reforms contained and defeated epidemics hogs were banned refuse collection began, sewers were built Eventually epidemics stopped past solutions offer lessons solving climate —like contagions—will require the state Anyone who thinks the existing system must be transformed before we deal with climate is in willful denial If climate unravels, all bets are off progressive visions will be swallowed by rising seas or smashed by climate chaos


Question: climate action reformist

Societal revamping is desirable, but not compatible with the immanence of warming---quick action using existing institutions is the only solution and opens space for critical alternatives

Dr. Christian Parenti 13, Professor of Sustainable Development at the School for International Training, Graduate Institute, Associate Professor of Economics at John Jay College, City University of New York, PhD in Sociology and Geography from the London School of Economics and Political Science, B.A. in Interdisciplinary Social Science from the New School for Social Research, “A Radical Approach to the Climate Crisis”, Dissent Magazine, Summer 2013, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/a-radical-approach-to-the-climate-crisis [language modified]

halting emissions is a specific problem Dealing with climate by first achieving social transformation would be a long multigenerational , struggle A radical approach begins not with a long-term vision of an alternate society but with honest engagement with the compressed timeframe science implies these are real parameters scientific consensus runs as follows rate is accelerating beyond 2 degrees will lead to dangerous change there exist feedback loops and tipping points it means this society and these institutions must cut emissions in the short-term, realistic politics are reformist even if part of longer-term re-organization the means to do that exist E P A could achieve significant immediate reductions using existing laws history of regulation is the story of protest they forced regulation By the 1830s cities had become incubators of cholera and yellow fever reforms contained and defeated epidemics hogs were banned refuse collection began, sewers were built Eventually epidemics stopped past solutions offer lessons solving climate —like contagions—will require the state Anyone who thinks the existing system must be transformed before we deal with climate is in willful denial If climate unravels, all bets are off progressive visions will be swallowed by rising seas or smashed by climate chaos


Question: Utility inscribes heterosexist coding

The logic of utility inscribes heterosexist coding onto queer lives. The closed economy of utility requires productivity, deeming those that are unproductive animals to abhor, which is the basis for anti-queer, racist violence.

Shannon Winnubst 7. Professor of Philosophy at Southwestern University. “Bataille’s Queer Pleasures: The Universe as Spider or Spit.” In Reading Bataille Now. 2007. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/monograph/book/12937

prohibition lock one the logic of teleology shift attention to utility experiences exceed the closed economy Instrumental reason demand sexuality be useful The reduction of excessive possibilities to heterosexual intercourse queer lives foreclose biological utility Compensation only achieved through capital reproduction utility’s heterosexist coding guarantee entrance to power be contingent Queer lives are palatable only when serving markets abetting the closed economy of heterosexual , racist , nationalist capitalism instrumental reason problematiz queer lives utility, allows homophobia xenophobia if an act is not useful, it is not human distancing from animality the primary criterion to separate humankind to resist domination we must investigate utility


Question: Shannon Winnubst

The logic of utility inscribes heterosexist coding onto queer lives. The closed economy of utility requires productivity, deeming those that are unproductive animals to abhor, which is the basis for anti-queer, racist violence.

Shannon Winnubst 7. Professor of Philosophy at Southwestern University. “Bataille’s Queer Pleasures: The Universe as Spider or Spit.” In Reading Bataille Now. 2007. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/monograph/book/12937

prohibition lock one the logic of teleology shift attention to utility experiences exceed the closed economy Instrumental reason demand sexuality be useful The reduction of excessive possibilities to heterosexual intercourse queer lives foreclose biological utility Compensation only achieved through capital reproduction utility’s heterosexist coding guarantee entrance to power be contingent Queer lives are palatable only when serving markets abetting the closed economy of heterosexual , racist , nationalist capitalism instrumental reason problematiz queer lives utility, allows homophobia xenophobia if an act is not useful, it is not human distancing from animality the primary criterion to separate humankind to resist domination we must investigate utility


Question: closed economy of utility

The logic of utility inscribes heterosexist coding onto queer lives. The closed economy of utility requires productivity, deeming those that are unproductive animals to abhor, which is the basis for anti-queer, racist violence.

Shannon Winnubst 7. Professor of Philosophy at Southwestern University. “Bataille’s Queer Pleasures: The Universe as Spider or Spit.” In Reading Bataille Now. 2007. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/monograph/book/12937

prohibition lock one the logic of teleology shift attention to utility experiences exceed the closed economy Instrumental reason demand sexuality be useful The reduction of excessive possibilities to heterosexual intercourse queer lives foreclose biological utility Compensation only achieved through capital reproduction utility’s heterosexist coding guarantee entrance to power be contingent Queer lives are palatable only when serving markets abetting the closed economy of heterosexual , racist , nationalist capitalism instrumental reason problematiz queer lives utility, allows homophobia xenophobia if an act is not useful, it is not human distancing from animality the primary criterion to separate humankind to resist domination we must investigate utility


Question: queer lives and capitalism

The logic of utility inscribes heterosexist coding onto queer lives. The closed economy of utility requires productivity, deeming those that are unproductive animals to abhor, which is the basis for anti-queer, racist violence.

Shannon Winnubst 7. Professor of Philosophy at Southwestern University. “Bataille’s Queer Pleasures: The Universe as Spider or Spit.” In Reading Bataille Now. 2007. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/monograph/book/12937

prohibition lock one the logic of teleology shift attention to utility experiences exceed the closed economy Instrumental reason demand sexuality be useful The reduction of excessive possibilities to heterosexual intercourse queer lives foreclose biological utility Compensation only achieved through capital reproduction utility’s heterosexist coding guarantee entrance to power be contingent Queer lives are palatable only when serving markets abetting the closed economy of heterosexual , racist , nationalist capitalism instrumental reason problematiz queer lives utility, allows homophobia xenophobia if an act is not useful, it is not human distancing from animality the primary criterion to separate humankind to resist domination we must investigate utility


Question: utility racist violence

The logic of utility inscribes heterosexist coding onto queer lives. The closed economy of utility requires productivity, deeming those that are unproductive animals to abhor, which is the basis for anti-queer, racist violence.

Shannon Winnubst 7. Professor of Philosophy at Southwestern University. “Bataille’s Queer Pleasures: The Universe as Spider or Spit.” In Reading Bataille Now. 2007. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/monograph/book/12937

prohibition lock one the logic of teleology shift attention to utility experiences exceed the closed economy Instrumental reason demand sexuality be useful The reduction of excessive possibilities to heterosexual intercourse queer lives foreclose biological utility Compensation only achieved through capital reproduction utility’s heterosexist coding guarantee entrance to power be contingent Queer lives are palatable only when serving markets abetting the closed economy of heterosexual , racist , nationalist capitalism instrumental reason problematiz queer lives utility, allows homophobia xenophobia if an act is not useful, it is not human distancing from animality the primary criterion to separate humankind to resist domination we must investigate utility


Question: Bataille's Queer Pleasures

The logic of utility inscribes heterosexist coding onto queer lives. The closed economy of utility requires productivity, deeming those that are unproductive animals to abhor, which is the basis for anti-queer, racist violence.

Shannon Winnubst 7. Professor of Philosophy at Southwestern University. “Bataille’s Queer Pleasures: The Universe as Spider or Spit.” In Reading Bataille Now. 2007. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/monograph/book/12937

prohibition lock one the logic of teleology shift attention to utility experiences exceed the closed economy Instrumental reason demand sexuality be useful The reduction of excessive possibilities to heterosexual intercourse queer lives foreclose biological utility Compensation only achieved through capital reproduction utility’s heterosexist coding guarantee entrance to power be contingent Queer lives are palatable only when serving markets abetting the closed economy of heterosexual , racist , nationalist capitalism instrumental reason problematiz queer lives utility, allows homophobia xenophobia if an act is not useful, it is not human distancing from animality the primary criterion to separate humankind to resist domination we must investigate utility


Question: instrumental reason queer lives

The logic of utility inscribes heterosexist coding onto queer lives. The closed economy of utility requires productivity, deeming those that are unproductive animals to abhor, which is the basis for anti-queer, racist violence.

Shannon Winnubst 7. Professor of Philosophy at Southwestern University. “Bataille’s Queer Pleasures: The Universe as Spider or Spit.” In Reading Bataille Now. 2007. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/monograph/book/12937

prohibition lock one the logic of teleology shift attention to utility experiences exceed the closed economy Instrumental reason demand sexuality be useful The reduction of excessive possibilities to heterosexual intercourse queer lives foreclose biological utility Compensation only achieved through capital reproduction utility’s heterosexist coding guarantee entrance to power be contingent Queer lives are palatable only when serving markets abetting the closed economy of heterosexual , racist , nationalist capitalism instrumental reason problematiz queer lives utility, allows homophobia xenophobia if an act is not useful, it is not human distancing from animality the primary criterion to separate humankind to resist domination we must investigate utility


Question: utility allows homophobia xenophobia

The logic of utility inscribes heterosexist coding onto queer lives. The closed economy of utility requires productivity, deeming those that are unproductive animals to abhor, which is the basis for anti-queer, racist violence.

Shannon Winnubst 7. Professor of Philosophy at Southwestern University. “Bataille’s Queer Pleasures: The Universe as Spider or Spit.” In Reading Bataille Now. 2007. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/monograph/book/12937

prohibition lock one the logic of teleology shift attention to utility experiences exceed the closed economy Instrumental reason demand sexuality be useful The reduction of excessive possibilities to heterosexual intercourse queer lives foreclose biological utility Compensation only achieved through capital reproduction utility’s heterosexist coding guarantee entrance to power be contingent Queer lives are palatable only when serving markets abetting the closed economy of heterosexual , racist , nationalist capitalism instrumental reason problematiz queer lives utility, allows homophobia xenophobia if an act is not useful, it is not human distancing from animality the primary criterion to separate humankind to resist domination we must investigate utility


Question: no such thing as innovation

There’s no such thing as ‘smart city innovation.’

Ziosi et al. 22, Marta Ziosi, Ph.D. candidate at the Oxford Internet Institute, Co-Founder of AI for People, M.Sc. in Philosophy and Public Policy from the London School of Economics; Benjamin Hewitt, M.Sc. in the Social Science of the Internet from the Oxford Internet Institute; Prathm Juneja, Ph.D. candidate at the University of Oxford, M.Sc. in Social Data Science from the Oxford Internet Institute; Mariarosaria Taddeo, Associate Professor and Senior Research Fellow at the Oxford Internet Institute, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Padua; Luciano Floridi, Professor of Philosophy and Ethics of Information at the University of Oxford, Director of the Digital Ethics Lab at the Oxford Internet Institute, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Warwick, “Smart Cities: Mapping their Ethical Implications,” Oxford Internet Institute, 01-10-2022, https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4001761

smart city expressed by jargon as well as tension behind tech and human-driven conceptions tech is insufficient without lifestyle changes and policies to restore ecosystems ambiguity may be ev of lack of sound theorising reflects different perspectives  depending on where one is changes depending on scale readiness for change, resources and citizens politics history, and geography bring to light hidden tensions and divergences elusive dynamics undermine any overarching, ethical aspects


Question: Ziosi et al 22

There’s no such thing as ‘smart city innovation.’

Ziosi et al. 22, Marta Ziosi, Ph.D. candidate at the Oxford Internet Institute, Co-Founder of AI for People, M.Sc. in Philosophy and Public Policy from the London School of Economics; Benjamin Hewitt, M.Sc. in the Social Science of the Internet from the Oxford Internet Institute; Prathm Juneja, Ph.D. candidate at the University of Oxford, M.Sc. in Social Data Science from the Oxford Internet Institute; Mariarosaria Taddeo, Associate Professor and Senior Research Fellow at the Oxford Internet Institute, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Padua; Luciano Floridi, Professor of Philosophy and Ethics of Information at the University of Oxford, Director of the Digital Ethics Lab at the Oxford Internet Institute, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Warwick, “Smart Cities: Mapping their Ethical Implications,” Oxford Internet Institute, 01-10-2022, https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4001761

smart city expressed by jargon as well as tension behind tech and human-driven conceptions tech is insufficient without lifestyle changes and policies to restore ecosystems ambiguity may be ev of lack of sound theorising reflects different perspectives  depending on where one is changes depending on scale readiness for change, resources and citizens politics history, and geography bring to light hidden tensions and divergences elusive dynamics undermine any overarching, ethical aspects


Question: smart city innovation

There’s no such thing as ‘smart city innovation.’

Ziosi et al. 22, Marta Ziosi, Ph.D. candidate at the Oxford Internet Institute, Co-Founder of AI for People, M.Sc. in Philosophy and Public Policy from the London School of Economics; Benjamin Hewitt, M.Sc. in the Social Science of the Internet from the Oxford Internet Institute; Prathm Juneja, Ph.D. candidate at the University of Oxford, M.Sc. in Social Data Science from the Oxford Internet Institute; Mariarosaria Taddeo, Associate Professor and Senior Research Fellow at the Oxford Internet Institute, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Padua; Luciano Floridi, Professor of Philosophy and Ethics of Information at the University of Oxford, Director of the Digital Ethics Lab at the Oxford Internet Institute, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Warwick, “Smart Cities: Mapping their Ethical Implications,” Oxford Internet Institute, 01-10-2022, https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4001761

smart city expressed by jargon as well as tension behind tech and human-driven conceptions tech is insufficient without lifestyle changes and policies to restore ecosystems ambiguity may be ev of lack of sound theorising reflects different perspectives  depending on where one is changes depending on scale readiness for change, resources and citizens politics history, and geography bring to light hidden tensions and divergences elusive dynamics undermine any overarching, ethical aspects


Question: smart city ethical implications

There’s no such thing as ‘smart city innovation.’

Ziosi et al. 22, Marta Ziosi, Ph.D. candidate at the Oxford Internet Institute, Co-Founder of AI for People, M.Sc. in Philosophy and Public Policy from the London School of Economics; Benjamin Hewitt, M.Sc. in the Social Science of the Internet from the Oxford Internet Institute; Prathm Juneja, Ph.D. candidate at the University of Oxford, M.Sc. in Social Data Science from the Oxford Internet Institute; Mariarosaria Taddeo, Associate Professor and Senior Research Fellow at the Oxford Internet Institute, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Padua; Luciano Floridi, Professor of Philosophy and Ethics of Information at the University of Oxford, Director of the Digital Ethics Lab at the Oxford Internet Institute, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Warwick, “Smart Cities: Mapping their Ethical Implications,” Oxford Internet Institute, 01-10-2022, https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4001761

smart city expressed by jargon as well as tension behind tech and human-driven conceptions tech is insufficient without lifestyle changes and policies to restore ecosystems ambiguity may be ev of lack of sound theorising reflects different perspectives  depending on where one is changes depending on scale readiness for change, resources and citizens politics history, and geography bring to light hidden tensions and divergences elusive dynamics undermine any overarching, ethical aspects


Question: smart city jargon

There’s no such thing as ‘smart city innovation.’

Ziosi et al. 22, Marta Ziosi, Ph.D. candidate at the Oxford Internet Institute, Co-Founder of AI for People, M.Sc. in Philosophy and Public Policy from the London School of Economics; Benjamin Hewitt, M.Sc. in the Social Science of the Internet from the Oxford Internet Institute; Prathm Juneja, Ph.D. candidate at the University of Oxford, M.Sc. in Social Data Science from the Oxford Internet Institute; Mariarosaria Taddeo, Associate Professor and Senior Research Fellow at the Oxford Internet Institute, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Padua; Luciano Floridi, Professor of Philosophy and Ethics of Information at the University of Oxford, Director of the Digital Ethics Lab at the Oxford Internet Institute, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Warwick, “Smart Cities: Mapping their Ethical Implications,” Oxford Internet Institute, 01-10-2022, https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4001761

smart city expressed by jargon as well as tension behind tech and human-driven conceptions tech is insufficient without lifestyle changes and policies to restore ecosystems ambiguity may be ev of lack of sound theorising reflects different perspectives  depending on where one is changes depending on scale readiness for change, resources and citizens politics history, and geography bring to light hidden tensions and divergences elusive dynamics undermine any overarching, ethical aspects


Question: smart city tech insufficient

There’s no such thing as ‘smart city innovation.’

Ziosi et al. 22, Marta Ziosi, Ph.D. candidate at the Oxford Internet Institute, Co-Founder of AI for People, M.Sc. in Philosophy and Public Policy from the London School of Economics; Benjamin Hewitt, M.Sc. in the Social Science of the Internet from the Oxford Internet Institute; Prathm Juneja, Ph.D. candidate at the University of Oxford, M.Sc. in Social Data Science from the Oxford Internet Institute; Mariarosaria Taddeo, Associate Professor and Senior Research Fellow at the Oxford Internet Institute, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Padua; Luciano Floridi, Professor of Philosophy and Ethics of Information at the University of Oxford, Director of the Digital Ethics Lab at the Oxford Internet Institute, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Warwick, “Smart Cities: Mapping their Ethical Implications,” Oxford Internet Institute, 01-10-2022, https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4001761

smart city expressed by jargon as well as tension behind tech and human-driven conceptions tech is insufficient without lifestyle changes and policies to restore ecosystems ambiguity may be ev of lack of sound theorising reflects different perspectives  depending on where one is changes depending on scale readiness for change, resources and citizens politics history, and geography bring to light hidden tensions and divergences elusive dynamics undermine any overarching, ethical aspects


Question: Racial capitalism is unsustainable

Racial Capitalism is unsustainable and its collapse is inevitable – leads to endless wars, climate change, rising fascism, and rampant inequality.

Robinson 21. William I. Robinson is a Professor of Sociology and Global Studies at UC Santa Barbara and has a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of New Mexico. “What are the real reasons behind the New Cold War?” https://mronline.org/2021/05/10/what-are-the-real-reasons-behind-the-new-cold-war/

capitalism faces overaccumulation in which the market cannot absorb because of inequality extreme concentration of wealth means difficulty finding outlets overaccumulation results in crisis economy never recovered from 2008 and had been on the brink a global war economy relies on perpetual war social control and repression to sustain capital wars on immigrants border walls prison-industrial complexes International tensions derive from contradiction in capitalism International frictions escalate as states sublimate tensions the crisis increases danger war The crisis is existential because of ecological collapse and nuclear war the crisis animates neofascist forces placing the world into global war


Question: Robinson 21

Racial Capitalism is unsustainable and its collapse is inevitable – leads to endless wars, climate change, rising fascism, and rampant inequality.

Robinson 21. William I. Robinson is a Professor of Sociology and Global Studies at UC Santa Barbara and has a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of New Mexico. “What are the real reasons behind the New Cold War?” https://mronline.org/2021/05/10/what-are-the-real-reasons-behind-the-new-cold-war/

capitalism faces overaccumulation in which the market cannot absorb because of inequality extreme concentration of wealth means difficulty finding outlets overaccumulation results in crisis economy never recovered from 2008 and had been on the brink a global war economy relies on perpetual war social control and repression to sustain capital wars on immigrants border walls prison-industrial complexes International tensions derive from contradiction in capitalism International frictions escalate as states sublimate tensions the crisis increases danger war The crisis is existential because of ecological collapse and nuclear war the crisis animates neofascist forces placing the world into global war


Question: William Robinson

Racial Capitalism is unsustainable and its collapse is inevitable – leads to endless wars, climate change, rising fascism, and rampant inequality.

Robinson 21. William I. Robinson is a Professor of Sociology and Global Studies at UC Santa Barbara and has a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of New Mexico. “What are the real reasons behind the New Cold War?” https://mronline.org/2021/05/10/what-are-the-real-reasons-behind-the-new-cold-war/

capitalism faces overaccumulation in which the market cannot absorb because of inequality extreme concentration of wealth means difficulty finding outlets overaccumulation results in crisis economy never recovered from 2008 and had been on the brink a global war economy relies on perpetual war social control and repression to sustain capital wars on immigrants border walls prison-industrial complexes International tensions derive from contradiction in capitalism International frictions escalate as states sublimate tensions the crisis increases danger war The crisis is existential because of ecological collapse and nuclear war the crisis animates neofascist forces placing the world into global war


Question: collapse of racial capitalism

Racial Capitalism is unsustainable and its collapse is inevitable – leads to endless wars, climate change, rising fascism, and rampant inequality.

Robinson 21. William I. Robinson is a Professor of Sociology and Global Studies at UC Santa Barbara and has a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of New Mexico. “What are the real reasons behind the New Cold War?” https://mronline.org/2021/05/10/what-are-the-real-reasons-behind-the-new-cold-war/

capitalism faces overaccumulation in which the market cannot absorb because of inequality extreme concentration of wealth means difficulty finding outlets overaccumulation results in crisis economy never recovered from 2008 and had been on the brink a global war economy relies on perpetual war social control and repression to sustain capital wars on immigrants border walls prison-industrial complexes International tensions derive from contradiction in capitalism International frictions escalate as states sublimate tensions the crisis increases danger war The crisis is existential because of ecological collapse and nuclear war the crisis animates neofascist forces placing the world into global war


Question: capitalism inequality wealth concentration

Racial Capitalism is unsustainable and its collapse is inevitable – leads to endless wars, climate change, rising fascism, and rampant inequality.

Robinson 21. William I. Robinson is a Professor of Sociology and Global Studies at UC Santa Barbara and has a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of New Mexico. “What are the real reasons behind the New Cold War?” https://mronline.org/2021/05/10/what-are-the-real-reasons-behind-the-new-cold-war/

capitalism faces overaccumulation in which the market cannot absorb because of inequality extreme concentration of wealth means difficulty finding outlets overaccumulation results in crisis economy never recovered from 2008 and had been on the brink a global war economy relies on perpetual war social control and repression to sustain capital wars on immigrants border walls prison-industrial complexes International tensions derive from contradiction in capitalism International frictions escalate as states sublimate tensions the crisis increases danger war The crisis is existential because of ecological collapse and nuclear war the crisis animates neofascist forces placing the world into global war


Question: global war economy perpetual war

Racial Capitalism is unsustainable and its collapse is inevitable – leads to endless wars, climate change, rising fascism, and rampant inequality.

Robinson 21. William I. Robinson is a Professor of Sociology and Global Studies at UC Santa Barbara and has a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of New Mexico. “What are the real reasons behind the New Cold War?” https://mronline.org/2021/05/10/what-are-the-real-reasons-behind-the-new-cold-war/

capitalism faces overaccumulation in which the market cannot absorb because of inequality extreme concentration of wealth means difficulty finding outlets overaccumulation results in crisis economy never recovered from 2008 and had been on the brink a global war economy relies on perpetual war social control and repression to sustain capital wars on immigrants border walls prison-industrial complexes International tensions derive from contradiction in capitalism International frictions escalate as states sublimate tensions the crisis increases danger war The crisis is existential because of ecological collapse and nuclear war the crisis animates neofascist forces placing the world into global war


Question: capitalism ecological collapse nuclear war

Racial Capitalism is unsustainable and its collapse is inevitable – leads to endless wars, climate change, rising fascism, and rampant inequality.

Robinson 21. William I. Robinson is a Professor of Sociology and Global Studies at UC Santa Barbara and has a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of New Mexico. “What are the real reasons behind the New Cold War?” https://mronline.org/2021/05/10/what-are-the-real-reasons-behind-the-new-cold-war/

capitalism faces overaccumulation in which the market cannot absorb because of inequality extreme concentration of wealth means difficulty finding outlets overaccumulation results in crisis economy never recovered from 2008 and had been on the brink a global war economy relies on perpetual war social control and repression to sustain capital wars on immigrants border walls prison-industrial complexes International tensions derive from contradiction in capitalism International frictions escalate as states sublimate tensions the crisis increases danger war The crisis is existential because of ecological collapse and nuclear war the crisis animates neofascist forces placing the world into global war


Question: racial capitalism causes war

Racial Capitalism is unsustainable and its collapse is inevitable – leads to endless wars, climate change, rising fascism, and rampant inequality.

Robinson 21. William I. Robinson is a Professor of Sociology and Global Studies at UC Santa Barbara and has a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of New Mexico. “What are the real reasons behind the New Cold War?” https://mronline.org/2021/05/10/what-are-the-real-reasons-behind-the-new-cold-war/

capitalism faces overaccumulation in which the market cannot absorb because of inequality extreme concentration of wealth means difficulty finding outlets overaccumulation results in crisis economy never recovered from 2008 and had been on the brink a global war economy relies on perpetual war social control and repression to sustain capital wars on immigrants border walls prison-industrial complexes International tensions derive from contradiction in capitalism International frictions escalate as states sublimate tensions the crisis increases danger war The crisis is existential because of ecological collapse and nuclear war the crisis animates neofascist forces placing the world into global war


Question: Perception key to insurance

Perception is key to Insurance---insurers are pulling out now but are carefully watching for further developments.

Griggs and Reguero 21 [Gary Griggs and Borja G. Reguero. 2021. Griggs is a Distinguished Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of California Santa Cruz, where he has taught for 55 years. He received his B.A. in Geological Sciences in 1965 from the University of California Santa Barbara and a Ph.D. in Oceanography from Oregon State University in 1968. Reguero is a PhD in Water Engineering and Environmental Hydraulics from Universidad de Cantabria. "Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise" Water 13, no. 16: 2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13162151 -DCW]

insurers are beginning to cancel or no longer insure high-risk properties Economics is beginning to lower home values As property values have continued to decline insurance companies are now looking carefully at which policies to cancel , which properties not to insure , and for those that appear to be insurable ,  what are realistic premiums that will cover projected losses These forces will have negative effects on insurance and loans


Question: Griggs and Reguero 21

Perception is key to Insurance---insurers are pulling out now but are carefully watching for further developments.

Griggs and Reguero 21 [Gary Griggs and Borja G. Reguero. 2021. Griggs is a Distinguished Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of California Santa Cruz, where he has taught for 55 years. He received his B.A. in Geological Sciences in 1965 from the University of California Santa Barbara and a Ph.D. in Oceanography from Oregon State University in 1968. Reguero is a PhD in Water Engineering and Environmental Hydraulics from Universidad de Cantabria. "Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise" Water 13, no. 16: 2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13162151 -DCW]

insurers are beginning to cancel or no longer insure high-risk properties Economics is beginning to lower home values As property values have continued to decline insurance companies are now looking carefully at which policies to cancel , which properties not to insure , and for those that appear to be insurable ,  what are realistic premiums that will cover projected losses These forces will have negative effects on insurance and loans


Question: insurers high-risk properties

Perception is key to Insurance---insurers are pulling out now but are carefully watching for further developments.

Griggs and Reguero 21 [Gary Griggs and Borja G. Reguero. 2021. Griggs is a Distinguished Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of California Santa Cruz, where he has taught for 55 years. He received his B.A. in Geological Sciences in 1965 from the University of California Santa Barbara and a Ph.D. in Oceanography from Oregon State University in 1968. Reguero is a PhD in Water Engineering and Environmental Hydraulics from Universidad de Cantabria. "Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise" Water 13, no. 16: 2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13162151 -DCW]

insurers are beginning to cancel or no longer insure high-risk properties Economics is beginning to lower home values As property values have continued to decline insurance companies are now looking carefully at which policies to cancel , which properties not to insure , and for those that appear to be insurable ,  what are realistic premiums that will cover projected losses These forces will have negative effects on insurance and loans


Question: Coastal Adaptation Climate Change

Perception is key to Insurance---insurers are pulling out now but are carefully watching for further developments.

Griggs and Reguero 21 [Gary Griggs and Borja G. Reguero. 2021. Griggs is a Distinguished Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of California Santa Cruz, where he has taught for 55 years. He received his B.A. in Geological Sciences in 1965 from the University of California Santa Barbara and a Ph.D. in Oceanography from Oregon State University in 1968. Reguero is a PhD in Water Engineering and Environmental Hydraulics from Universidad de Cantabria. "Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise" Water 13, no. 16: 2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13162151 -DCW]

insurers are beginning to cancel or no longer insure high-risk properties Economics is beginning to lower home values As property values have continued to decline insurance companies are now looking carefully at which policies to cancel , which properties not to insure , and for those that appear to be insurable ,  what are realistic premiums that will cover projected losses These forces will have negative effects on insurance and loans


Question: insurers cancelling policies

Perception is key to Insurance---insurers are pulling out now but are carefully watching for further developments.

Griggs and Reguero 21 [Gary Griggs and Borja G. Reguero. 2021. Griggs is a Distinguished Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of California Santa Cruz, where he has taught for 55 years. He received his B.A. in Geological Sciences in 1965 from the University of California Santa Barbara and a Ph.D. in Oceanography from Oregon State University in 1968. Reguero is a PhD in Water Engineering and Environmental Hydraulics from Universidad de Cantabria. "Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise" Water 13, no. 16: 2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13162151 -DCW]

insurers are beginning to cancel or no longer insure high-risk properties Economics is beginning to lower home values As property values have continued to decline insurance companies are now looking carefully at which policies to cancel , which properties not to insure , and for those that appear to be insurable ,  what are realistic premiums that will cover projected losses These forces will have negative effects on insurance and loans


Question: insurance companies economics

Perception is key to Insurance---insurers are pulling out now but are carefully watching for further developments.

Griggs and Reguero 21 [Gary Griggs and Borja G. Reguero. 2021. Griggs is a Distinguished Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of California Santa Cruz, where he has taught for 55 years. He received his B.A. in Geological Sciences in 1965 from the University of California Santa Barbara and a Ph.D. in Oceanography from Oregon State University in 1968. Reguero is a PhD in Water Engineering and Environmental Hydraulics from Universidad de Cantabria. "Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise" Water 13, no. 16: 2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13162151 -DCW]

insurers are beginning to cancel or no longer insure high-risk properties Economics is beginning to lower home values As property values have continued to decline insurance companies are now looking carefully at which policies to cancel , which properties not to insure , and for those that appear to be insurable ,  what are realistic premiums that will cover projected losses These forces will have negative effects on insurance and loans


Question: insurance premiums losses

Perception is key to Insurance---insurers are pulling out now but are carefully watching for further developments.

Griggs and Reguero 21 [Gary Griggs and Borja G. Reguero. 2021. Griggs is a Distinguished Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of California Santa Cruz, where he has taught for 55 years. He received his B.A. in Geological Sciences in 1965 from the University of California Santa Barbara and a Ph.D. in Oceanography from Oregon State University in 1968. Reguero is a PhD in Water Engineering and Environmental Hydraulics from Universidad de Cantabria. "Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise" Water 13, no. 16: 2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13162151 -DCW]

insurers are beginning to cancel or no longer insure high-risk properties Economics is beginning to lower home values As property values have continued to decline insurance companies are now looking carefully at which policies to cancel , which properties not to insure , and for those that appear to be insurable ,  what are realistic premiums that will cover projected losses These forces will have negative effects on insurance and loans


Question: Communication good not simulations

Communication is good and not pre-determined by ‘simulations.’

Horsthemke, 17—Bildungsphilosophie und Systematische Pägagogik, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt (Kai, “‘#FactsMustFall’? – education in a post-truth, post-truthful world,” Ethics and Education, June 28 2017, dml)

Our post-truth era need not be an obstacle to taking common action We can agree to disagree and still engage in pragmatic action in the absence of a common commitment to rationality and truth would constitute a standard for successful ‘pragmatic action’ If it is to have any meaning at all , understanding requires reference to an objective framework facts truth , the way things are Understanding is context-dependent it obtains cognitive force , from its essential connection with truth: it is directed towards the way the world is People’s judgements differ yet they are drawn together in rational debate because of a common aspiration to apprehend truth ’ we wouldn’t be motivated to formulate our opinions , articulate them , and share them with others unless we were participants at a deeper level in a shared quest for truth students are increasingly unable to distinguish between news and fake news the truth matters , now more than ever Not included should be beliefs or opinions unanchored by reason/s something might be said for playing devil’s advocate or trying on an argument for size There is also a need for second-order elucidation that over and above transmission of contents provides info that advertises the rationality at work in content selection go beyond selection of relevant info to include a self-reflective , dialogical defence of relevance and plausibility , and claims to objectivity academics have to be prepared to explain again and again how they work and why they say what they say


Question: Horsthemke 17

Communication is good and not pre-determined by ‘simulations.’

Horsthemke, 17—Bildungsphilosophie und Systematische Pägagogik, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt (Kai, “‘#FactsMustFall’? – education in a post-truth, post-truthful world,” Ethics and Education, June 28 2017, dml)

Our post-truth era need not be an obstacle to taking common action We can agree to disagree and still engage in pragmatic action in the absence of a common commitment to rationality and truth would constitute a standard for successful ‘pragmatic action’ If it is to have any meaning at all , understanding requires reference to an objective framework facts truth , the way things are Understanding is context-dependent it obtains cognitive force , from its essential connection with truth: it is directed towards the way the world is People’s judgements differ yet they are drawn together in rational debate because of a common aspiration to apprehend truth ’ we wouldn’t be motivated to formulate our opinions , articulate them , and share them with others unless we were participants at a deeper level in a shared quest for truth students are increasingly unable to distinguish between news and fake news the truth matters , now more than ever Not included should be beliefs or opinions unanchored by reason/s something might be said for playing devil’s advocate or trying on an argument for size There is also a need for second-order elucidation that over and above transmission of contents provides info that advertises the rationality at work in content selection go beyond selection of relevant info to include a self-reflective , dialogical defence of relevance and plausibility , and claims to objectivity academics have to be prepared to explain again and again how they work and why they say what they say


Question: post-truth era

Communication is good and not pre-determined by ‘simulations.’

Horsthemke, 17—Bildungsphilosophie und Systematische Pägagogik, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt (Kai, “‘#FactsMustFall’? – education in a post-truth, post-truthful world,” Ethics and Education, June 28 2017, dml)

Our post-truth era need not be an obstacle to taking common action We can agree to disagree and still engage in pragmatic action in the absence of a common commitment to rationality and truth would constitute a standard for successful ‘pragmatic action’ If it is to have any meaning at all , understanding requires reference to an objective framework facts truth , the way things are Understanding is context-dependent it obtains cognitive force , from its essential connection with truth: it is directed towards the way the world is People’s judgements differ yet they are drawn together in rational debate because of a common aspiration to apprehend truth ’ we wouldn’t be motivated to formulate our opinions , articulate them , and share them with others unless we were participants at a deeper level in a shared quest for truth students are increasingly unable to distinguish between news and fake news the truth matters , now more than ever Not included should be beliefs or opinions unanchored by reason/s something might be said for playing devil’s advocate or trying on an argument for size There is also a need for second-order elucidation that over and above transmission of contents provides info that advertises the rationality at work in content selection go beyond selection of relevant info to include a self-reflective , dialogical defence of relevance and plausibility , and claims to objectivity academics have to be prepared to explain again and again how they work and why they say what they say


Question: truth matters

Communication is good and not pre-determined by ‘simulations.’

Horsthemke, 17—Bildungsphilosophie und Systematische Pägagogik, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt (Kai, “‘#FactsMustFall’? – education in a post-truth, post-truthful world,” Ethics and Education, June 28 2017, dml)

Our post-truth era need not be an obstacle to taking common action We can agree to disagree and still engage in pragmatic action in the absence of a common commitment to rationality and truth would constitute a standard for successful ‘pragmatic action’ If it is to have any meaning at all , understanding requires reference to an objective framework facts truth , the way things are Understanding is context-dependent it obtains cognitive force , from its essential connection with truth: it is directed towards the way the world is People’s judgements differ yet they are drawn together in rational debate because of a common aspiration to apprehend truth ’ we wouldn’t be motivated to formulate our opinions , articulate them , and share them with others unless we were participants at a deeper level in a shared quest for truth students are increasingly unable to distinguish between news and fake news the truth matters , now more than ever Not included should be beliefs or opinions unanchored by reason/s something might be said for playing devil’s advocate or trying on an argument for size There is also a need for second-order elucidation that over and above transmission of contents provides info that advertises the rationality at work in content selection go beyond selection of relevant info to include a self-reflective , dialogical defence of relevance and plausibility , and claims to objectivity academics have to be prepared to explain again and again how they work and why they say what they say


Question: facts truth

Communication is good and not pre-determined by ‘simulations.’

Horsthemke, 17—Bildungsphilosophie und Systematische Pägagogik, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt (Kai, “‘#FactsMustFall’? – education in a post-truth, post-truthful world,” Ethics and Education, June 28 2017, dml)

Our post-truth era need not be an obstacle to taking common action We can agree to disagree and still engage in pragmatic action in the absence of a common commitment to rationality and truth would constitute a standard for successful ‘pragmatic action’ If it is to have any meaning at all , understanding requires reference to an objective framework facts truth , the way things are Understanding is context-dependent it obtains cognitive force , from its essential connection with truth: it is directed towards the way the world is People’s judgements differ yet they are drawn together in rational debate because of a common aspiration to apprehend truth ’ we wouldn’t be motivated to formulate our opinions , articulate them , and share them with others unless we were participants at a deeper level in a shared quest for truth students are increasingly unable to distinguish between news and fake news the truth matters , now more than ever Not included should be beliefs or opinions unanchored by reason/s something might be said for playing devil’s advocate or trying on an argument for size There is also a need for second-order elucidation that over and above transmission of contents provides info that advertises the rationality at work in content selection go beyond selection of relevant info to include a self-reflective , dialogical defence of relevance and plausibility , and claims to objectivity academics have to be prepared to explain again and again how they work and why they say what they say


Question: shared quest for truth

Communication is good and not pre-determined by ‘simulations.’

Horsthemke, 17—Bildungsphilosophie und Systematische Pägagogik, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt (Kai, “‘#FactsMustFall’? – education in a post-truth, post-truthful world,” Ethics and Education, June 28 2017, dml)

Our post-truth era need not be an obstacle to taking common action We can agree to disagree and still engage in pragmatic action in the absence of a common commitment to rationality and truth would constitute a standard for successful ‘pragmatic action’ If it is to have any meaning at all , understanding requires reference to an objective framework facts truth , the way things are Understanding is context-dependent it obtains cognitive force , from its essential connection with truth: it is directed towards the way the world is People’s judgements differ yet they are drawn together in rational debate because of a common aspiration to apprehend truth ’ we wouldn’t be motivated to formulate our opinions , articulate them , and share them with others unless we were participants at a deeper level in a shared quest for truth students are increasingly unable to distinguish between news and fake news the truth matters , now more than ever Not included should be beliefs or opinions unanchored by reason/s something might be said for playing devil’s advocate or trying on an argument for size There is also a need for second-order elucidation that over and above transmission of contents provides info that advertises the rationality at work in content selection go beyond selection of relevant info to include a self-reflective , dialogical defence of relevance and plausibility , and claims to objectivity academics have to be prepared to explain again and again how they work and why they say what they say


Question: rational debate

Communication is good and not pre-determined by ‘simulations.’

Horsthemke, 17—Bildungsphilosophie und Systematische Pägagogik, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt (Kai, “‘#FactsMustFall’? – education in a post-truth, post-truthful world,” Ethics and Education, June 28 2017, dml)

Our post-truth era need not be an obstacle to taking common action We can agree to disagree and still engage in pragmatic action in the absence of a common commitment to rationality and truth would constitute a standard for successful ‘pragmatic action’ If it is to have any meaning at all , understanding requires reference to an objective framework facts truth , the way things are Understanding is context-dependent it obtains cognitive force , from its essential connection with truth: it is directed towards the way the world is People’s judgements differ yet they are drawn together in rational debate because of a common aspiration to apprehend truth ’ we wouldn’t be motivated to formulate our opinions , articulate them , and share them with others unless we were participants at a deeper level in a shared quest for truth students are increasingly unable to distinguish between news and fake news the truth matters , now more than ever Not included should be beliefs or opinions unanchored by reason/s something might be said for playing devil’s advocate or trying on an argument for size There is also a need for second-order elucidation that over and above transmission of contents provides info that advertises the rationality at work in content selection go beyond selection of relevant info to include a self-reflective , dialogical defence of relevance and plausibility , and claims to objectivity academics have to be prepared to explain again and again how they work and why they say what they say


Question: objective framework

Communication is good and not pre-determined by ‘simulations.’

Horsthemke, 17—Bildungsphilosophie und Systematische Pägagogik, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt (Kai, “‘#FactsMustFall’? – education in a post-truth, post-truthful world,” Ethics and Education, June 28 2017, dml)

Our post-truth era need not be an obstacle to taking common action We can agree to disagree and still engage in pragmatic action in the absence of a common commitment to rationality and truth would constitute a standard for successful ‘pragmatic action’ If it is to have any meaning at all , understanding requires reference to an objective framework facts truth , the way things are Understanding is context-dependent it obtains cognitive force , from its essential connection with truth: it is directed towards the way the world is People’s judgements differ yet they are drawn together in rational debate because of a common aspiration to apprehend truth ’ we wouldn’t be motivated to formulate our opinions , articulate them , and share them with others unless we were participants at a deeper level in a shared quest for truth students are increasingly unable to distinguish between news and fake news the truth matters , now more than ever Not included should be beliefs or opinions unanchored by reason/s something might be said for playing devil’s advocate or trying on an argument for size There is also a need for second-order elucidation that over and above transmission of contents provides info that advertises the rationality at work in content selection go beyond selection of relevant info to include a self-reflective , dialogical defence of relevance and plausibility , and claims to objectivity academics have to be prepared to explain again and again how they work and why they say what they say


Question: Momentum federal BCA protects businesses

There’s momentum for a federal BCA now to protect American businesses.

Sarfo '23 – Contributing editor with Tax Notes (Nana Ama Sarfo; "The Bipartisan Road to A U.S. Carbon Border Tax"; Forbes; https://www.forbes.com/sites/taxnotes/2023/06/22/the-bipartisan-road-to-a-us-carbon-border-tax/; 6-22-2023; NC)

bipartisan group on track to implement one PROVE IT Act require D o E to track emissions legislation would  provide valuable data  lay basis for a carbon border tax , Rep s and Dem s fail to align on climate policy bill is striking in strong bipartisan backing . share interest in protecting businesses


Question: Sarfo '23

There’s momentum for a federal BCA now to protect American businesses.

Sarfo '23 – Contributing editor with Tax Notes (Nana Ama Sarfo; "The Bipartisan Road to A U.S. Carbon Border Tax"; Forbes; https://www.forbes.com/sites/taxnotes/2023/06/22/the-bipartisan-road-to-a-us-carbon-border-tax/; 6-22-2023; NC)

bipartisan group on track to implement one PROVE IT Act require D o E to track emissions legislation would  provide valuable data  lay basis for a carbon border tax , Rep s and Dem s fail to align on climate policy bill is striking in strong bipartisan backing . share interest in protecting businesses


Question: Nana Ama Sarfo carbon border tax

There’s momentum for a federal BCA now to protect American businesses.

Sarfo '23 – Contributing editor with Tax Notes (Nana Ama Sarfo; "The Bipartisan Road to A U.S. Carbon Border Tax"; Forbes; https://www.forbes.com/sites/taxnotes/2023/06/22/the-bipartisan-road-to-a-us-carbon-border-tax/; 6-22-2023; NC)

bipartisan group on track to implement one PROVE IT Act require D o E to track emissions legislation would  provide valuable data  lay basis for a carbon border tax , Rep s and Dem s fail to align on climate policy bill is striking in strong bipartisan backing . share interest in protecting businesses


Question: bipartisan support for carbon border tax

There’s momentum for a federal BCA now to protect American businesses.

Sarfo '23 – Contributing editor with Tax Notes (Nana Ama Sarfo; "The Bipartisan Road to A U.S. Carbon Border Tax"; Forbes; https://www.forbes.com/sites/taxnotes/2023/06/22/the-bipartisan-road-to-a-us-carbon-border-tax/; 6-22-2023; NC)

bipartisan group on track to implement one PROVE IT Act require D o E to track emissions legislation would  provide valuable data  lay basis for a carbon border tax , Rep s and Dem s fail to align on climate policy bill is striking in strong bipartisan backing . share interest in protecting businesses


Question: PROVE IT Act

There’s momentum for a federal BCA now to protect American businesses.

Sarfo '23 – Contributing editor with Tax Notes (Nana Ama Sarfo; "The Bipartisan Road to A U.S. Carbon Border Tax"; Forbes; https://www.forbes.com/sites/taxnotes/2023/06/22/the-bipartisan-road-to-a-us-carbon-border-tax/; 6-22-2023; NC)

bipartisan group on track to implement one PROVE IT Act require D o E to track emissions legislation would  provide valuable data  lay basis for a carbon border tax , Rep s and Dem s fail to align on climate policy bill is striking in strong bipartisan backing . share interest in protecting businesses


Question: protect American businesses

There’s momentum for a federal BCA now to protect American businesses.

Sarfo '23 – Contributing editor with Tax Notes (Nana Ama Sarfo; "The Bipartisan Road to A U.S. Carbon Border Tax"; Forbes; https://www.forbes.com/sites/taxnotes/2023/06/22/the-bipartisan-road-to-a-us-carbon-border-tax/; 6-22-2023; NC)

bipartisan group on track to implement one PROVE IT Act require D o E to track emissions legislation would  provide valuable data  lay basis for a carbon border tax , Rep s and Dem s fail to align on climate policy bill is striking in strong bipartisan backing . share interest in protecting businesses


Question: DOE track emissions

There’s momentum for a federal BCA now to protect American businesses.

Sarfo '23 – Contributing editor with Tax Notes (Nana Ama Sarfo; "The Bipartisan Road to A U.S. Carbon Border Tax"; Forbes; https://www.forbes.com/sites/taxnotes/2023/06/22/the-bipartisan-road-to-a-us-carbon-border-tax/; 6-22-2023; NC)

bipartisan group on track to implement one PROVE IT Act require D o E to track emissions legislation would  provide valuable data  lay basis for a carbon border tax , Rep s and Dem s fail to align on climate policy bill is striking in strong bipartisan backing . share interest in protecting businesses


Question: carbon border tax legislation

There’s momentum for a federal BCA now to protect American businesses.

Sarfo '23 – Contributing editor with Tax Notes (Nana Ama Sarfo; "The Bipartisan Road to A U.S. Carbon Border Tax"; Forbes; https://www.forbes.com/sites/taxnotes/2023/06/22/the-bipartisan-road-to-a-us-carbon-border-tax/; 6-22-2023; NC)

bipartisan group on track to implement one PROVE IT Act require D o E to track emissions legislation would  provide valuable data  lay basis for a carbon border tax , Rep s and Dem s fail to align on climate policy bill is striking in strong bipartisan backing . share interest in protecting businesses


Question: Ethics, taxation violates property rights

Independently, you must vote aff on ethics – status quo taxation violates citizen property rights

Gwartney, James, et al, 2023,  (Fraser Institute, The Fraser Institute conducts and publishes studies on various economic and social issues, such as central bank policy, education, health care, and environmental regulation. A libertarian-conservative Canadian public policy think tank and registered charity) “Economic Freedom of the World 2023 Annual Report https://iea.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/economic-freedom-of-the-world-2023.pdf   ~  [SAT99 Sep. 2024]

a government of large size that requires higher taxation to fund, depriving citizens of their property and capital for investment, or running state enterprises that compete with the private sector, or offering subsidies in favor of certain enterprises against others in the market which takes away from citizens in favor of other entities state institutions can be abused to limit economic freedom. This can come about through over-regulation tax regimes that ake away the fruits of people’s labor, , How a state ranks on the rule of law is critical to economic freedom justice and the protection of tangible and intellectual property rights.


Question: Gwartney 2023

Independently, you must vote aff on ethics – status quo taxation violates citizen property rights

Gwartney, James, et al, 2023,  (Fraser Institute, The Fraser Institute conducts and publishes studies on various economic and social issues, such as central bank policy, education, health care, and environmental regulation. A libertarian-conservative Canadian public policy think tank and registered charity) “Economic Freedom of the World 2023 Annual Report https://iea.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/economic-freedom-of-the-world-2023.pdf   ~  [SAT99 Sep. 2024]

a government of large size that requires higher taxation to fund, depriving citizens of their property and capital for investment, or running state enterprises that compete with the private sector, or offering subsidies in favor of certain enterprises against others in the market which takes away from citizens in favor of other entities state institutions can be abused to limit economic freedom. This can come about through over-regulation tax regimes that ake away the fruits of people’s labor, , How a state ranks on the rule of law is critical to economic freedom justice and the protection of tangible and intellectual property rights.


Question: taxation deprives citizens of property

Independently, you must vote aff on ethics – status quo taxation violates citizen property rights

Gwartney, James, et al, 2023,  (Fraser Institute, The Fraser Institute conducts and publishes studies on various economic and social issues, such as central bank policy, education, health care, and environmental regulation. A libertarian-conservative Canadian public policy think tank and registered charity) “Economic Freedom of the World 2023 Annual Report https://iea.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/economic-freedom-of-the-world-2023.pdf   ~  [SAT99 Sep. 2024]

a government of large size that requires higher taxation to fund, depriving citizens of their property and capital for investment, or running state enterprises that compete with the private sector, or offering subsidies in favor of certain enterprises against others in the market which takes away from citizens in favor of other entities state institutions can be abused to limit economic freedom. This can come about through over-regulation tax regimes that ake away the fruits of people’s labor, , How a state ranks on the rule of law is critical to economic freedom justice and the protection of tangible and intellectual property rights.


Question: economic freedom of the world

Independently, you must vote aff on ethics – status quo taxation violates citizen property rights

Gwartney, James, et al, 2023,  (Fraser Institute, The Fraser Institute conducts and publishes studies on various economic and social issues, such as central bank policy, education, health care, and environmental regulation. A libertarian-conservative Canadian public policy think tank and registered charity) “Economic Freedom of the World 2023 Annual Report https://iea.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/economic-freedom-of-the-world-2023.pdf   ~  [SAT99 Sep. 2024]

a government of large size that requires higher taxation to fund, depriving citizens of their property and capital for investment, or running state enterprises that compete with the private sector, or offering subsidies in favor of certain enterprises against others in the market which takes away from citizens in favor of other entities state institutions can be abused to limit economic freedom. This can come about through over-regulation tax regimes that ake away the fruits of people’s labor, , How a state ranks on the rule of law is critical to economic freedom justice and the protection of tangible and intellectual property rights.


Question: government size requires higher taxation

Independently, you must vote aff on ethics – status quo taxation violates citizen property rights

Gwartney, James, et al, 2023,  (Fraser Institute, The Fraser Institute conducts and publishes studies on various economic and social issues, such as central bank policy, education, health care, and environmental regulation. A libertarian-conservative Canadian public policy think tank and registered charity) “Economic Freedom of the World 2023 Annual Report https://iea.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/economic-freedom-of-the-world-2023.pdf   ~  [SAT99 Sep. 2024]

a government of large size that requires higher taxation to fund, depriving citizens of their property and capital for investment, or running state enterprises that compete with the private sector, or offering subsidies in favor of certain enterprises against others in the market which takes away from citizens in favor of other entities state institutions can be abused to limit economic freedom. This can come about through over-regulation tax regimes that ake away the fruits of people’s labor, , How a state ranks on the rule of law is critical to economic freedom justice and the protection of tangible and intellectual property rights.


Question: state institutions limit economic freedom

Independently, you must vote aff on ethics – status quo taxation violates citizen property rights

Gwartney, James, et al, 2023,  (Fraser Institute, The Fraser Institute conducts and publishes studies on various economic and social issues, such as central bank policy, education, health care, and environmental regulation. A libertarian-conservative Canadian public policy think tank and registered charity) “Economic Freedom of the World 2023 Annual Report https://iea.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/economic-freedom-of-the-world-2023.pdf   ~  [SAT99 Sep. 2024]

a government of large size that requires higher taxation to fund, depriving citizens of their property and capital for investment, or running state enterprises that compete with the private sector, or offering subsidies in favor of certain enterprises against others in the market which takes away from citizens in favor of other entities state institutions can be abused to limit economic freedom. This can come about through over-regulation tax regimes that ake away the fruits of people’s labor, , How a state ranks on the rule of law is critical to economic freedom justice and the protection of tangible and intellectual property rights.