Question: Marginalizes the left

D. POLITICS: A model of debate where debater are incentivized to compare plans to alternatives to find the best solutions to the challenges of our generation is best for political organizing. “You link you lose” relegates the left to the margins of politics.

Rahnema 17 (Saeed, Retired Professor of Political Science and Public Policy and the Founding Director of the School of Public Policy and Administration at York University, “Introduction: The Question of Transition from Capitalism,” in The Transition from Capitalism: Marxist Perspectives, p. 17-21) NIJ

activists are at their weakest point and bogged down in idealistic interp s this has stymied thinking and praxis and helped keep the left in the margins Practical ways are not taken into consideration development is an uninterrupted endless continuum through which structures are gradually formed the new order begins from the process of preparing establishment of counter hegemony This phase is an incessant and steady struggle toward political change The aim is to capture state power not with the aim of smashing it but as far as possible in a peaceful way with aim of changing its relations radical social democracy needs powerful organizational means and confrontational tactics success depends upon education and organization parties with clearly spelled-out agendas this is protracted and difficult However has far better chances of success compared with the imagined alt of toppling system(s) through political revolution(s) of avant-garde minorities It needs daring theoretical revisions and practical thinking Radical social democracy seeks to meld militancy of the revolutionary approach with the pragmatism of incremental reform


Question: It's non-falsifiable

It’s non-falsifiable---that matters for avoiding relativism, which makes ethical decision-making impossible.

Mills 17, Clinical Psychologist, Ph.D., Philosophy, Vanderbilt University (Jon Mills, 2017, “CHALLENGING RELATIONAL PSYCHOANALYSIS: A CRITIQUE OF POSTMODERNISM AND ANALYST SELF-DISCLOSURE,” Psychoanalytic Perspectives, Vol. 14, pp. 313-335, University of Kansas Libraries, Taylor and Francis)

positions annul assertions to truth if everything boils down to language by definition we cannot make truth claims because these are constructions based on linguistic practices one cannot conclude truth exist reality is unknowable by the psychoanalytic method Because there are no standards , methods, or principles perspectives naturally lead to relativism Relativism collapses into nihilism , and absurdity because no one ’s opinion is more valid including ethical behavior psychoanalysis has nothing to offer over disciplines that may negate value to begin with (e.g., academic psychology


Question: Mills 17

It’s non-falsifiable---that matters for avoiding relativism, which makes ethical decision-making impossible.

Mills 17, Clinical Psychologist, Ph.D., Philosophy, Vanderbilt University (Jon Mills, 2017, “CHALLENGING RELATIONAL PSYCHOANALYSIS: A CRITIQUE OF POSTMODERNISM AND ANALYST SELF-DISCLOSURE,” Psychoanalytic Perspectives, Vol. 14, pp. 313-335, University of Kansas Libraries, Taylor and Francis)

positions annul assertions to truth if everything boils down to language by definition we cannot make truth claims because these are constructions based on linguistic practices one cannot conclude truth exist reality is unknowable by the psychoanalytic method Because there are no standards , methods, or principles perspectives naturally lead to relativism Relativism collapses into nihilism , and absurdity because no one ’s opinion is more valid including ethical behavior psychoanalysis has nothing to offer over disciplines that may negate value to begin with (e.g., academic psychology


Question: Jon Mills non-falsifiable

It’s non-falsifiable---that matters for avoiding relativism, which makes ethical decision-making impossible.

Mills 17, Clinical Psychologist, Ph.D., Philosophy, Vanderbilt University (Jon Mills, 2017, “CHALLENGING RELATIONAL PSYCHOANALYSIS: A CRITIQUE OF POSTMODERNISM AND ANALYST SELF-DISCLOSURE,” Psychoanalytic Perspectives, Vol. 14, pp. 313-335, University of Kansas Libraries, Taylor and Francis)

positions annul assertions to truth if everything boils down to language by definition we cannot make truth claims because these are constructions based on linguistic practices one cannot conclude truth exist reality is unknowable by the psychoanalytic method Because there are no standards , methods, or principles perspectives naturally lead to relativism Relativism collapses into nihilism , and absurdity because no one ’s opinion is more valid including ethical behavior psychoanalysis has nothing to offer over disciplines that may negate value to begin with (e.g., academic psychology


Question: relativism ethical decision-making impossible

It’s non-falsifiable---that matters for avoiding relativism, which makes ethical decision-making impossible.

Mills 17, Clinical Psychologist, Ph.D., Philosophy, Vanderbilt University (Jon Mills, 2017, “CHALLENGING RELATIONAL PSYCHOANALYSIS: A CRITIQUE OF POSTMODERNISM AND ANALYST SELF-DISCLOSURE,” Psychoanalytic Perspectives, Vol. 14, pp. 313-335, University of Kansas Libraries, Taylor and Francis)

positions annul assertions to truth if everything boils down to language by definition we cannot make truth claims because these are constructions based on linguistic practices one cannot conclude truth exist reality is unknowable by the psychoanalytic method Because there are no standards , methods, or principles perspectives naturally lead to relativism Relativism collapses into nihilism , and absurdity because no one ’s opinion is more valid including ethical behavior psychoanalysis has nothing to offer over disciplines that may negate value to begin with (e.g., academic psychology


Question: relativism collapses into nihilism

It’s non-falsifiable---that matters for avoiding relativism, which makes ethical decision-making impossible.

Mills 17, Clinical Psychologist, Ph.D., Philosophy, Vanderbilt University (Jon Mills, 2017, “CHALLENGING RELATIONAL PSYCHOANALYSIS: A CRITIQUE OF POSTMODERNISM AND ANALYST SELF-DISCLOSURE,” Psychoanalytic Perspectives, Vol. 14, pp. 313-335, University of Kansas Libraries, Taylor and Francis)

positions annul assertions to truth if everything boils down to language by definition we cannot make truth claims because these are constructions based on linguistic practices one cannot conclude truth exist reality is unknowable by the psychoanalytic method Because there are no standards , methods, or principles perspectives naturally lead to relativism Relativism collapses into nihilism , and absurdity because no one ’s opinion is more valid including ethical behavior psychoanalysis has nothing to offer over disciplines that may negate value to begin with (e.g., academic psychology


Question: no standards methods or principles

It’s non-falsifiable---that matters for avoiding relativism, which makes ethical decision-making impossible.

Mills 17, Clinical Psychologist, Ph.D., Philosophy, Vanderbilt University (Jon Mills, 2017, “CHALLENGING RELATIONAL PSYCHOANALYSIS: A CRITIQUE OF POSTMODERNISM AND ANALYST SELF-DISCLOSURE,” Psychoanalytic Perspectives, Vol. 14, pp. 313-335, University of Kansas Libraries, Taylor and Francis)

positions annul assertions to truth if everything boils down to language by definition we cannot make truth claims because these are constructions based on linguistic practices one cannot conclude truth exist reality is unknowable by the psychoanalytic method Because there are no standards , methods, or principles perspectives naturally lead to relativism Relativism collapses into nihilism , and absurdity because no one ’s opinion is more valid including ethical behavior psychoanalysis has nothing to offer over disciplines that may negate value to begin with (e.g., academic psychology


Question: truth claims are constructions

It’s non-falsifiable---that matters for avoiding relativism, which makes ethical decision-making impossible.

Mills 17, Clinical Psychologist, Ph.D., Philosophy, Vanderbilt University (Jon Mills, 2017, “CHALLENGING RELATIONAL PSYCHOANALYSIS: A CRITIQUE OF POSTMODERNISM AND ANALYST SELF-DISCLOSURE,” Psychoanalytic Perspectives, Vol. 14, pp. 313-335, University of Kansas Libraries, Taylor and Francis)

positions annul assertions to truth if everything boils down to language by definition we cannot make truth claims because these are constructions based on linguistic practices one cannot conclude truth exist reality is unknowable by the psychoanalytic method Because there are no standards , methods, or principles perspectives naturally lead to relativism Relativism collapses into nihilism , and absurdity because no one ’s opinion is more valid including ethical behavior psychoanalysis has nothing to offer over disciplines that may negate value to begin with (e.g., academic psychology


Question: Fed actions on climate

Here’s the concrete actions the Fed has taken against climate you’ve asked for…

Green Central Banking ’22 [“The Fed has been criticised for its relatively slow progress on addressing climate risk, but is gradually moving into line with the mainstream of G20 central banks.,” Green Central Banking, https://greencentralbanking.com/central-banks/federal-reserve/ anish] *I don’t know the exact date of the card, but it cites something from atleast 2022

Fed  acknowledged climate risk Powell committed  to supervisory guidance on climate risk draft guidance already published Fed established a new Supervision Climate Committee  and announced a  Financial Stability Climate Committee Fed  encouraged investment in renewable energy  and  climate resilience activities  as part of the  Community Reinvestment Act .


Question: Green Central Banking

Here’s the concrete actions the Fed has taken against climate you’ve asked for…

Green Central Banking ’22 [“The Fed has been criticised for its relatively slow progress on addressing climate risk, but is gradually moving into line with the mainstream of G20 central banks.,” Green Central Banking, https://greencentralbanking.com/central-banks/federal-reserve/ anish] *I don’t know the exact date of the card, but it cites something from atleast 2022

Fed  acknowledged climate risk Powell committed  to supervisory guidance on climate risk draft guidance already published Fed established a new Supervision Climate Committee  and announced a  Financial Stability Climate Committee Fed  encouraged investment in renewable energy  and  climate resilience activities  as part of the  Community Reinvestment Act .


Question: Federal reserve climate risk slow progress

Here’s the concrete actions the Fed has taken against climate you’ve asked for…

Green Central Banking ’22 [“The Fed has been criticised for its relatively slow progress on addressing climate risk, but is gradually moving into line with the mainstream of G20 central banks.,” Green Central Banking, https://greencentralbanking.com/central-banks/federal-reserve/ anish] *I don’t know the exact date of the card, but it cites something from atleast 2022

Fed  acknowledged climate risk Powell committed  to supervisory guidance on climate risk draft guidance already published Fed established a new Supervision Climate Committee  and announced a  Financial Stability Climate Committee Fed  encouraged investment in renewable energy  and  climate resilience activities  as part of the  Community Reinvestment Act .


Question: Fed supervisory guidance climate risk

Here’s the concrete actions the Fed has taken against climate you’ve asked for…

Green Central Banking ’22 [“The Fed has been criticised for its relatively slow progress on addressing climate risk, but is gradually moving into line with the mainstream of G20 central banks.,” Green Central Banking, https://greencentralbanking.com/central-banks/federal-reserve/ anish] *I don’t know the exact date of the card, but it cites something from atleast 2022

Fed  acknowledged climate risk Powell committed  to supervisory guidance on climate risk draft guidance already published Fed established a new Supervision Climate Committee  and announced a  Financial Stability Climate Committee Fed  encouraged investment in renewable energy  and  climate resilience activities  as part of the  Community Reinvestment Act .


Question: Fed climate supervision committee

Here’s the concrete actions the Fed has taken against climate you’ve asked for…

Green Central Banking ’22 [“The Fed has been criticised for its relatively slow progress on addressing climate risk, but is gradually moving into line with the mainstream of G20 central banks.,” Green Central Banking, https://greencentralbanking.com/central-banks/federal-reserve/ anish] *I don’t know the exact date of the card, but it cites something from atleast 2022

Fed  acknowledged climate risk Powell committed  to supervisory guidance on climate risk draft guidance already published Fed established a new Supervision Climate Committee  and announced a  Financial Stability Climate Committee Fed  encouraged investment in renewable energy  and  climate resilience activities  as part of the  Community Reinvestment Act .


Question: Fed renewable energy

Here’s the concrete actions the Fed has taken against climate you’ve asked for…

Green Central Banking ’22 [“The Fed has been criticised for its relatively slow progress on addressing climate risk, but is gradually moving into line with the mainstream of G20 central banks.,” Green Central Banking, https://greencentralbanking.com/central-banks/federal-reserve/ anish] *I don’t know the exact date of the card, but it cites something from atleast 2022

Fed  acknowledged climate risk Powell committed  to supervisory guidance on climate risk draft guidance already published Fed established a new Supervision Climate Committee  and announced a  Financial Stability Climate Committee Fed  encouraged investment in renewable energy  and  climate resilience activities  as part of the  Community Reinvestment Act .


Question: Powell committed supervisory guidance

Here’s the concrete actions the Fed has taken against climate you’ve asked for…

Green Central Banking ’22 [“The Fed has been criticised for its relatively slow progress on addressing climate risk, but is gradually moving into line with the mainstream of G20 central banks.,” Green Central Banking, https://greencentralbanking.com/central-banks/federal-reserve/ anish] *I don’t know the exact date of the card, but it cites something from atleast 2022

Fed  acknowledged climate risk Powell committed  to supervisory guidance on climate risk draft guidance already published Fed established a new Supervision Climate Committee  and announced a  Financial Stability Climate Committee Fed  encouraged investment in renewable energy  and  climate resilience activities  as part of the  Community Reinvestment Act .


Question: Community Reinvestment Act climate

Here’s the concrete actions the Fed has taken against climate you’ve asked for…

Green Central Banking ’22 [“The Fed has been criticised for its relatively slow progress on addressing climate risk, but is gradually moving into line with the mainstream of G20 central banks.,” Green Central Banking, https://greencentralbanking.com/central-banks/federal-reserve/ anish] *I don’t know the exact date of the card, but it cites something from atleast 2022

Fed  acknowledged climate risk Powell committed  to supervisory guidance on climate risk draft guidance already published Fed established a new Supervision Climate Committee  and announced a  Financial Stability Climate Committee Fed  encouraged investment in renewable energy  and  climate resilience activities  as part of the  Community Reinvestment Act .


Question: Carbon pricing doesnt link criticisms

Carbon pricing doesn’t link to market criticisms.

Komanoff ’20 [Charles Komanoff is an energy-policy analyst, transport economist and environmental activist in New York City and Director of the Carbon Tax Center. "The main value of a carbon tax is normative.", Carbon Tax Center https://www.carbontax.org/blog/2020/10/08/the-main-value-of-a-carbon-tax-is-normative/ published 10-8-2020, accessed 9-29-2024]

value of tax says climate change is bad identifies who is responsible and creates penalties in proportion to harm undercuts all bullshit about “free” markets. left denigrate pricing as market measure taxes are opposite : a tool to attack capitalism


Question: Komanoff 20

Carbon pricing doesn’t link to market criticisms.

Komanoff ’20 [Charles Komanoff is an energy-policy analyst, transport economist and environmental activist in New York City and Director of the Carbon Tax Center. "The main value of a carbon tax is normative.", Carbon Tax Center https://www.carbontax.org/blog/2020/10/08/the-main-value-of-a-carbon-tax-is-normative/ published 10-8-2020, accessed 9-29-2024]

value of tax says climate change is bad identifies who is responsible and creates penalties in proportion to harm undercuts all bullshit about “free” markets. left denigrate pricing as market measure taxes are opposite : a tool to attack capitalism


Question: Charles Komanoff

Carbon pricing doesn’t link to market criticisms.

Komanoff ’20 [Charles Komanoff is an energy-policy analyst, transport economist and environmental activist in New York City and Director of the Carbon Tax Center. "The main value of a carbon tax is normative.", Carbon Tax Center https://www.carbontax.org/blog/2020/10/08/the-main-value-of-a-carbon-tax-is-normative/ published 10-8-2020, accessed 9-29-2024]

value of tax says climate change is bad identifies who is responsible and creates penalties in proportion to harm undercuts all bullshit about “free” markets. left denigrate pricing as market measure taxes are opposite : a tool to attack capitalism


Question: carbon tax attacks capitalism

Carbon pricing doesn’t link to market criticisms.

Komanoff ’20 [Charles Komanoff is an energy-policy analyst, transport economist and environmental activist in New York City and Director of the Carbon Tax Center. "The main value of a carbon tax is normative.", Carbon Tax Center https://www.carbontax.org/blog/2020/10/08/the-main-value-of-a-carbon-tax-is-normative/ published 10-8-2020, accessed 9-29-2024]

value of tax says climate change is bad identifies who is responsible and creates penalties in proportion to harm undercuts all bullshit about “free” markets. left denigrate pricing as market measure taxes are opposite : a tool to attack capitalism


Question: carbon pricing undercut free markets

Carbon pricing doesn’t link to market criticisms.

Komanoff ’20 [Charles Komanoff is an energy-policy analyst, transport economist and environmental activist in New York City and Director of the Carbon Tax Center. "The main value of a carbon tax is normative.", Carbon Tax Center https://www.carbontax.org/blog/2020/10/08/the-main-value-of-a-carbon-tax-is-normative/ published 10-8-2020, accessed 9-29-2024]

value of tax says climate change is bad identifies who is responsible and creates penalties in proportion to harm undercuts all bullshit about “free” markets. left denigrate pricing as market measure taxes are opposite : a tool to attack capitalism


Question: climate change bad

Carbon pricing doesn’t link to market criticisms.

Komanoff ’20 [Charles Komanoff is an energy-policy analyst, transport economist and environmental activist in New York City and Director of the Carbon Tax Center. "The main value of a carbon tax is normative.", Carbon Tax Center https://www.carbontax.org/blog/2020/10/08/the-main-value-of-a-carbon-tax-is-normative/ published 10-8-2020, accessed 9-29-2024]

value of tax says climate change is bad identifies who is responsible and creates penalties in proportion to harm undercuts all bullshit about “free” markets. left denigrate pricing as market measure taxes are opposite : a tool to attack capitalism


Question: carbon tax normative

Carbon pricing doesn’t link to market criticisms.

Komanoff ’20 [Charles Komanoff is an energy-policy analyst, transport economist and environmental activist in New York City and Director of the Carbon Tax Center. "The main value of a carbon tax is normative.", Carbon Tax Center https://www.carbontax.org/blog/2020/10/08/the-main-value-of-a-carbon-tax-is-normative/ published 10-8-2020, accessed 9-29-2024]

value of tax says climate change is bad identifies who is responsible and creates penalties in proportion to harm undercuts all bullshit about “free” markets. left denigrate pricing as market measure taxes are opposite : a tool to attack capitalism


Question: CP doesn't address warming emissions

Their CP doesn’t address the root cause of warming emissions. – Their card doesn’t assume David Keith, the creator of this theory, still wants us to reduce global carbon emissions.

Justin Mikulka 18, Director of Communications at Oilfield Witness , BS in Engineering from Cornell, DeSmog, " Warning of Solar Geoengineering's Dangers, Group Recommends a Global Ban," Dec 9, 2018, https://www.desmog.com/2018/12/09/warning-dangers-solar-radiation-management-geoengineering-global-ban/, Accessed: 09-29-2024 ~ WZE

Earth’s climate is warming because greenhouse gases with carbon dioxide topping that list solar radiation management does not address drivers o climate change would mask warming temporarily Geoengineering perpetuates false belief that we need techno-fixes Even David Keith , shares concern this work distract from required efforts to reduce global carbon emissions.


Question: Mikulka 18

Their CP doesn’t address the root cause of warming emissions. – Their card doesn’t assume David Keith, the creator of this theory, still wants us to reduce global carbon emissions.

Justin Mikulka 18, Director of Communications at Oilfield Witness , BS in Engineering from Cornell, DeSmog, " Warning of Solar Geoengineering's Dangers, Group Recommends a Global Ban," Dec 9, 2018, https://www.desmog.com/2018/12/09/warning-dangers-solar-radiation-management-geoengineering-global-ban/, Accessed: 09-29-2024 ~ WZE

Earth’s climate is warming because greenhouse gases with carbon dioxide topping that list solar radiation management does not address drivers o climate change would mask warming temporarily Geoengineering perpetuates false belief that we need techno-fixes Even David Keith , shares concern this work distract from required efforts to reduce global carbon emissions.


Question: Justin Mikulka

Their CP doesn’t address the root cause of warming emissions. – Their card doesn’t assume David Keith, the creator of this theory, still wants us to reduce global carbon emissions.

Justin Mikulka 18, Director of Communications at Oilfield Witness , BS in Engineering from Cornell, DeSmog, " Warning of Solar Geoengineering's Dangers, Group Recommends a Global Ban," Dec 9, 2018, https://www.desmog.com/2018/12/09/warning-dangers-solar-radiation-management-geoengineering-global-ban/, Accessed: 09-29-2024 ~ WZE

Earth’s climate is warming because greenhouse gases with carbon dioxide topping that list solar radiation management does not address drivers o climate change would mask warming temporarily Geoengineering perpetuates false belief that we need techno-fixes Even David Keith , shares concern this work distract from required efforts to reduce global carbon emissions.


Question: geoengineering distracts from reducing emissions

Their CP doesn’t address the root cause of warming emissions. – Their card doesn’t assume David Keith, the creator of this theory, still wants us to reduce global carbon emissions.

Justin Mikulka 18, Director of Communications at Oilfield Witness , BS in Engineering from Cornell, DeSmog, " Warning of Solar Geoengineering's Dangers, Group Recommends a Global Ban," Dec 9, 2018, https://www.desmog.com/2018/12/09/warning-dangers-solar-radiation-management-geoengineering-global-ban/, Accessed: 09-29-2024 ~ WZE

Earth’s climate is warming because greenhouse gases with carbon dioxide topping that list solar radiation management does not address drivers o climate change would mask warming temporarily Geoengineering perpetuates false belief that we need techno-fixes Even David Keith , shares concern this work distract from required efforts to reduce global carbon emissions.


Question: solar geoengineering global ban

Their CP doesn’t address the root cause of warming emissions. – Their card doesn’t assume David Keith, the creator of this theory, still wants us to reduce global carbon emissions.

Justin Mikulka 18, Director of Communications at Oilfield Witness , BS in Engineering from Cornell, DeSmog, " Warning of Solar Geoengineering's Dangers, Group Recommends a Global Ban," Dec 9, 2018, https://www.desmog.com/2018/12/09/warning-dangers-solar-radiation-management-geoengineering-global-ban/, Accessed: 09-29-2024 ~ WZE

Earth’s climate is warming because greenhouse gases with carbon dioxide topping that list solar radiation management does not address drivers o climate change would mask warming temporarily Geoengineering perpetuates false belief that we need techno-fixes Even David Keith , shares concern this work distract from required efforts to reduce global carbon emissions.


Question: David Keith geoengineering emissions

Their CP doesn’t address the root cause of warming emissions. – Their card doesn’t assume David Keith, the creator of this theory, still wants us to reduce global carbon emissions.

Justin Mikulka 18, Director of Communications at Oilfield Witness , BS in Engineering from Cornell, DeSmog, " Warning of Solar Geoengineering's Dangers, Group Recommends a Global Ban," Dec 9, 2018, https://www.desmog.com/2018/12/09/warning-dangers-solar-radiation-management-geoengineering-global-ban/, Accessed: 09-29-2024 ~ WZE

Earth’s climate is warming because greenhouse gases with carbon dioxide topping that list solar radiation management does not address drivers o climate change would mask warming temporarily Geoengineering perpetuates false belief that we need techno-fixes Even David Keith , shares concern this work distract from required efforts to reduce global carbon emissions.


Question: ECB staff do not agree

That matters---their evidence indicates the ECB staff do NOT agree. Yes, the ECB statement was bad, but that doesn’t Apply to Lamichhane and it’s their buden.

Treeck 23 (Johanna Treeck, “ECB’s display of solidarity with Israel sparks internal furor”, https://www.politico.eu/article/ecb-israel-solidarity-hamas-war-debate-staff/,

some staff feel the ECB is taking the wrong position ECB put out a message We stand with the people of Israel showing a picture of the Israeli flag in the lobby It wasn't clear whether the post was issued in the name of the organization as a whole, of the governing council, or just the six-strong executive board. original tweet triggered a heated internal row among staff one staff member wrot I am proud the ECB is standing with Israel”


Question: Treeck 23

That matters---their evidence indicates the ECB staff do NOT agree. Yes, the ECB statement was bad, but that doesn’t Apply to Lamichhane and it’s their buden.

Treeck 23 (Johanna Treeck, “ECB’s display of solidarity with Israel sparks internal furor”, https://www.politico.eu/article/ecb-israel-solidarity-hamas-war-debate-staff/,

some staff feel the ECB is taking the wrong position ECB put out a message We stand with the people of Israel showing a picture of the Israeli flag in the lobby It wasn't clear whether the post was issued in the name of the organization as a whole, of the governing council, or just the six-strong executive board. original tweet triggered a heated internal row among staff one staff member wrot I am proud the ECB is standing with Israel”


Question: ECB Israel solidarity internal furor

That matters---their evidence indicates the ECB staff do NOT agree. Yes, the ECB statement was bad, but that doesn’t Apply to Lamichhane and it’s their buden.

Treeck 23 (Johanna Treeck, “ECB’s display of solidarity with Israel sparks internal furor”, https://www.politico.eu/article/ecb-israel-solidarity-hamas-war-debate-staff/,

some staff feel the ECB is taking the wrong position ECB put out a message We stand with the people of Israel showing a picture of the Israeli flag in the lobby It wasn't clear whether the post was issued in the name of the organization as a whole, of the governing council, or just the six-strong executive board. original tweet triggered a heated internal row among staff one staff member wrot I am proud the ECB is standing with Israel”


Question: ECB Israel statement bad

That matters---their evidence indicates the ECB staff do NOT agree. Yes, the ECB statement was bad, but that doesn’t Apply to Lamichhane and it’s their buden.

Treeck 23 (Johanna Treeck, “ECB’s display of solidarity with Israel sparks internal furor”, https://www.politico.eu/article/ecb-israel-solidarity-hamas-war-debate-staff/,

some staff feel the ECB is taking the wrong position ECB put out a message We stand with the people of Israel showing a picture of the Israeli flag in the lobby It wasn't clear whether the post was issued in the name of the organization as a whole, of the governing council, or just the six-strong executive board. original tweet triggered a heated internal row among staff one staff member wrot I am proud the ECB is standing with Israel”


Question: ECB position on Israel wrong

That matters---their evidence indicates the ECB staff do NOT agree. Yes, the ECB statement was bad, but that doesn’t Apply to Lamichhane and it’s their buden.

Treeck 23 (Johanna Treeck, “ECB’s display of solidarity with Israel sparks internal furor”, https://www.politico.eu/article/ecb-israel-solidarity-hamas-war-debate-staff/,

some staff feel the ECB is taking the wrong position ECB put out a message We stand with the people of Israel showing a picture of the Israeli flag in the lobby It wasn't clear whether the post was issued in the name of the organization as a whole, of the governing council, or just the six-strong executive board. original tweet triggered a heated internal row among staff one staff member wrot I am proud the ECB is standing with Israel”


Question: ECB stands with Israel

That matters---their evidence indicates the ECB staff do NOT agree. Yes, the ECB statement was bad, but that doesn’t Apply to Lamichhane and it’s their buden.

Treeck 23 (Johanna Treeck, “ECB’s display of solidarity with Israel sparks internal furor”, https://www.politico.eu/article/ecb-israel-solidarity-hamas-war-debate-staff/,

some staff feel the ECB is taking the wrong position ECB put out a message We stand with the people of Israel showing a picture of the Israeli flag in the lobby It wasn't clear whether the post was issued in the name of the organization as a whole, of the governing council, or just the six-strong executive board. original tweet triggered a heated internal row among staff one staff member wrot I am proud the ECB is standing with Israel”


Question: ECB israel internal row

That matters---their evidence indicates the ECB staff do NOT agree. Yes, the ECB statement was bad, but that doesn’t Apply to Lamichhane and it’s their buden.

Treeck 23 (Johanna Treeck, “ECB’s display of solidarity with Israel sparks internal furor”, https://www.politico.eu/article/ecb-israel-solidarity-hamas-war-debate-staff/,

some staff feel the ECB is taking the wrong position ECB put out a message We stand with the people of Israel showing a picture of the Israeli flag in the lobby It wasn't clear whether the post was issued in the name of the organization as a whole, of the governing council, or just the six-strong executive board. original tweet triggered a heated internal row among staff one staff member wrot I am proud the ECB is standing with Israel”


Question: Affect no basis for politics

Affect isn’t a basis for politics—they provide no recourse for dealing with atrocities

Sherwin, 15—New York Law School (Richard, “Too Late for Thinking: The Curious Quest for Emancipatory Potential in Meaningless Affect and Some Jurisprudential Implications”, Law, Culture and the Humanities 1–13, October 13, 2015, dml)

Affect theory humbles rationalist pretensions subordinating mind to bio-chemical processes is after-though we can never account for how actually been affected by things , affect operates as a cipher cannot formulate a coherent basis for political judgment anti-structural spontaneous emergent process remains trapped in double bind . No judgment forthcoming long as intensity amplified cannot coherently critique oppressive political structures (such as futurism, Nazism if masses embrace regimes for intensity freedom loses capacity to signify . without coherent structures , legal , political , necessary for meaningful freedom political judgment ) are unlikely to emerge effervescence of action based on intensity . In absence of political structures is destined to pass with the tide . affect theorists romanticize the fluid materiality of excitable networks If only responsibility for justice resolved by an expedient biological programming depends upon external stimuli uncertainty surrounds communication Affect theorists insist feelings have nothing to do with affect preserves purity of affective intensity we just can’t say anything about it theorists like Massumi want to eat cake and have it i incumbent to account for how exactly manipulation is being carried out the engineering of affect suffer from fundamental lack of explanatory power


Question: Sherwin 15

Affect isn’t a basis for politics—they provide no recourse for dealing with atrocities

Sherwin, 15—New York Law School (Richard, “Too Late for Thinking: The Curious Quest for Emancipatory Potential in Meaningless Affect and Some Jurisprudential Implications”, Law, Culture and the Humanities 1–13, October 13, 2015, dml)

Affect theory humbles rationalist pretensions subordinating mind to bio-chemical processes is after-though we can never account for how actually been affected by things , affect operates as a cipher cannot formulate a coherent basis for political judgment anti-structural spontaneous emergent process remains trapped in double bind . No judgment forthcoming long as intensity amplified cannot coherently critique oppressive political structures (such as futurism, Nazism if masses embrace regimes for intensity freedom loses capacity to signify . without coherent structures , legal , political , necessary for meaningful freedom political judgment ) are unlikely to emerge effervescence of action based on intensity . In absence of political structures is destined to pass with the tide . affect theorists romanticize the fluid materiality of excitable networks If only responsibility for justice resolved by an expedient biological programming depends upon external stimuli uncertainty surrounds communication Affect theorists insist feelings have nothing to do with affect preserves purity of affective intensity we just can’t say anything about it theorists like Massumi want to eat cake and have it i incumbent to account for how exactly manipulation is being carried out the engineering of affect suffer from fundamental lack of explanatory power


Question: Richard Sherwin

Affect isn’t a basis for politics—they provide no recourse for dealing with atrocities

Sherwin, 15—New York Law School (Richard, “Too Late for Thinking: The Curious Quest for Emancipatory Potential in Meaningless Affect and Some Jurisprudential Implications”, Law, Culture and the Humanities 1–13, October 13, 2015, dml)

Affect theory humbles rationalist pretensions subordinating mind to bio-chemical processes is after-though we can never account for how actually been affected by things , affect operates as a cipher cannot formulate a coherent basis for political judgment anti-structural spontaneous emergent process remains trapped in double bind . No judgment forthcoming long as intensity amplified cannot coherently critique oppressive political structures (such as futurism, Nazism if masses embrace regimes for intensity freedom loses capacity to signify . without coherent structures , legal , political , necessary for meaningful freedom political judgment ) are unlikely to emerge effervescence of action based on intensity . In absence of political structures is destined to pass with the tide . affect theorists romanticize the fluid materiality of excitable networks If only responsibility for justice resolved by an expedient biological programming depends upon external stimuli uncertainty surrounds communication Affect theorists insist feelings have nothing to do with affect preserves purity of affective intensity we just can’t say anything about it theorists like Massumi want to eat cake and have it i incumbent to account for how exactly manipulation is being carried out the engineering of affect suffer from fundamental lack of explanatory power


Question: affect theory politics

Affect isn’t a basis for politics—they provide no recourse for dealing with atrocities

Sherwin, 15—New York Law School (Richard, “Too Late for Thinking: The Curious Quest for Emancipatory Potential in Meaningless Affect and Some Jurisprudential Implications”, Law, Culture and the Humanities 1–13, October 13, 2015, dml)

Affect theory humbles rationalist pretensions subordinating mind to bio-chemical processes is after-though we can never account for how actually been affected by things , affect operates as a cipher cannot formulate a coherent basis for political judgment anti-structural spontaneous emergent process remains trapped in double bind . No judgment forthcoming long as intensity amplified cannot coherently critique oppressive political structures (such as futurism, Nazism if masses embrace regimes for intensity freedom loses capacity to signify . without coherent structures , legal , political , necessary for meaningful freedom political judgment ) are unlikely to emerge effervescence of action based on intensity . In absence of political structures is destined to pass with the tide . affect theorists romanticize the fluid materiality of excitable networks If only responsibility for justice resolved by an expedient biological programming depends upon external stimuli uncertainty surrounds communication Affect theorists insist feelings have nothing to do with affect preserves purity of affective intensity we just can’t say anything about it theorists like Massumi want to eat cake and have it i incumbent to account for how exactly manipulation is being carried out the engineering of affect suffer from fundamental lack of explanatory power


Question: anti-structural emergent process

Affect isn’t a basis for politics—they provide no recourse for dealing with atrocities

Sherwin, 15—New York Law School (Richard, “Too Late for Thinking: The Curious Quest for Emancipatory Potential in Meaningless Affect and Some Jurisprudential Implications”, Law, Culture and the Humanities 1–13, October 13, 2015, dml)

Affect theory humbles rationalist pretensions subordinating mind to bio-chemical processes is after-though we can never account for how actually been affected by things , affect operates as a cipher cannot formulate a coherent basis for political judgment anti-structural spontaneous emergent process remains trapped in double bind . No judgment forthcoming long as intensity amplified cannot coherently critique oppressive political structures (such as futurism, Nazism if masses embrace regimes for intensity freedom loses capacity to signify . without coherent structures , legal , political , necessary for meaningful freedom political judgment ) are unlikely to emerge effervescence of action based on intensity . In absence of political structures is destined to pass with the tide . affect theorists romanticize the fluid materiality of excitable networks If only responsibility for justice resolved by an expedient biological programming depends upon external stimuli uncertainty surrounds communication Affect theorists insist feelings have nothing to do with affect preserves purity of affective intensity we just can’t say anything about it theorists like Massumi want to eat cake and have it i incumbent to account for how exactly manipulation is being carried out the engineering of affect suffer from fundamental lack of explanatory power


Question: oppressive political structures

Affect isn’t a basis for politics—they provide no recourse for dealing with atrocities

Sherwin, 15—New York Law School (Richard, “Too Late for Thinking: The Curious Quest for Emancipatory Potential in Meaningless Affect and Some Jurisprudential Implications”, Law, Culture and the Humanities 1–13, October 13, 2015, dml)

Affect theory humbles rationalist pretensions subordinating mind to bio-chemical processes is after-though we can never account for how actually been affected by things , affect operates as a cipher cannot formulate a coherent basis for political judgment anti-structural spontaneous emergent process remains trapped in double bind . No judgment forthcoming long as intensity amplified cannot coherently critique oppressive political structures (such as futurism, Nazism if masses embrace regimes for intensity freedom loses capacity to signify . without coherent structures , legal , political , necessary for meaningful freedom political judgment ) are unlikely to emerge effervescence of action based on intensity . In absence of political structures is destined to pass with the tide . affect theorists romanticize the fluid materiality of excitable networks If only responsibility for justice resolved by an expedient biological programming depends upon external stimuli uncertainty surrounds communication Affect theorists insist feelings have nothing to do with affect preserves purity of affective intensity we just can’t say anything about it theorists like Massumi want to eat cake and have it i incumbent to account for how exactly manipulation is being carried out the engineering of affect suffer from fundamental lack of explanatory power


Question: no political judgement

Affect isn’t a basis for politics—they provide no recourse for dealing with atrocities

Sherwin, 15—New York Law School (Richard, “Too Late for Thinking: The Curious Quest for Emancipatory Potential in Meaningless Affect and Some Jurisprudential Implications”, Law, Culture and the Humanities 1–13, October 13, 2015, dml)

Affect theory humbles rationalist pretensions subordinating mind to bio-chemical processes is after-though we can never account for how actually been affected by things , affect operates as a cipher cannot formulate a coherent basis for political judgment anti-structural spontaneous emergent process remains trapped in double bind . No judgment forthcoming long as intensity amplified cannot coherently critique oppressive political structures (such as futurism, Nazism if masses embrace regimes for intensity freedom loses capacity to signify . without coherent structures , legal , political , necessary for meaningful freedom political judgment ) are unlikely to emerge effervescence of action based on intensity . In absence of political structures is destined to pass with the tide . affect theorists romanticize the fluid materiality of excitable networks If only responsibility for justice resolved by an expedient biological programming depends upon external stimuli uncertainty surrounds communication Affect theorists insist feelings have nothing to do with affect preserves purity of affective intensity we just can’t say anything about it theorists like Massumi want to eat cake and have it i incumbent to account for how exactly manipulation is being carried out the engineering of affect suffer from fundamental lack of explanatory power


Question: Affect doesn't scale up

Affect doesn’t scale up to material transformation

David Sergeant 18, Lecturer in English, University of Plymouth, School of Humanities and Performing Arts, University of Plymouth, “Representing the Planet: Affect, Scale and Utopia,” Novel: A Forum on Fiction, https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/12724, [inserted “might” after to “might medium” because I believe “might medium” is a typo; alteration denoted by brackets]

scalar problems are built into the existent world exposing collective affect as an empty lyricism when modelled as pre-subjective intensities , affects act as a scalar solution one and many both in themselves This underlies transformative role theories ‘ don’t answer the question of how human nature can be transmuted making it available to narrative and history fluency is inevitably lost the question remains as to what medium into a different kind of future and up the chain of scale .


Question: David Sergeant 18

Affect doesn’t scale up to material transformation

David Sergeant 18, Lecturer in English, University of Plymouth, School of Humanities and Performing Arts, University of Plymouth, “Representing the Planet: Affect, Scale and Utopia,” Novel: A Forum on Fiction, https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/12724, [inserted “might” after to “might medium” because I believe “might medium” is a typo; alteration denoted by brackets]

scalar problems are built into the existent world exposing collective affect as an empty lyricism when modelled as pre-subjective intensities , affects act as a scalar solution one and many both in themselves This underlies transformative role theories ‘ don’t answer the question of how human nature can be transmuted making it available to narrative and history fluency is inevitably lost the question remains as to what medium into a different kind of future and up the chain of scale .


Question: Affect scale and utopia

Affect doesn’t scale up to material transformation

David Sergeant 18, Lecturer in English, University of Plymouth, School of Humanities and Performing Arts, University of Plymouth, “Representing the Planet: Affect, Scale and Utopia,” Novel: A Forum on Fiction, https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/12724, [inserted “might” after to “might medium” because I believe “might medium” is a typo; alteration denoted by brackets]

scalar problems are built into the existent world exposing collective affect as an empty lyricism when modelled as pre-subjective intensities , affects act as a scalar solution one and many both in themselves This underlies transformative role theories ‘ don’t answer the question of how human nature can be transmuted making it available to narrative and history fluency is inevitably lost the question remains as to what medium into a different kind of future and up the chain of scale .


Question: material transformation

Affect doesn’t scale up to material transformation

David Sergeant 18, Lecturer in English, University of Plymouth, School of Humanities and Performing Arts, University of Plymouth, “Representing the Planet: Affect, Scale and Utopia,” Novel: A Forum on Fiction, https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/12724, [inserted “might” after to “might medium” because I believe “might medium” is a typo; alteration denoted by brackets]

scalar problems are built into the existent world exposing collective affect as an empty lyricism when modelled as pre-subjective intensities , affects act as a scalar solution one and many both in themselves This underlies transformative role theories ‘ don’t answer the question of how human nature can be transmuted making it available to narrative and history fluency is inevitably lost the question remains as to what medium into a different kind of future and up the chain of scale .


Question: scalar problems

Affect doesn’t scale up to material transformation

David Sergeant 18, Lecturer in English, University of Plymouth, School of Humanities and Performing Arts, University of Plymouth, “Representing the Planet: Affect, Scale and Utopia,” Novel: A Forum on Fiction, https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/12724, [inserted “might” after to “might medium” because I believe “might medium” is a typo; alteration denoted by brackets]

scalar problems are built into the existent world exposing collective affect as an empty lyricism when modelled as pre-subjective intensities , affects act as a scalar solution one and many both in themselves This underlies transformative role theories ‘ don’t answer the question of how human nature can be transmuted making it available to narrative and history fluency is inevitably lost the question remains as to what medium into a different kind of future and up the chain of scale .


Question: collective affect empty lyricism

Affect doesn’t scale up to material transformation

David Sergeant 18, Lecturer in English, University of Plymouth, School of Humanities and Performing Arts, University of Plymouth, “Representing the Planet: Affect, Scale and Utopia,” Novel: A Forum on Fiction, https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/12724, [inserted “might” after to “might medium” because I believe “might medium” is a typo; alteration denoted by brackets]

scalar problems are built into the existent world exposing collective affect as an empty lyricism when modelled as pre-subjective intensities , affects act as a scalar solution one and many both in themselves This underlies transformative role theories ‘ don’t answer the question of how human nature can be transmuted making it available to narrative and history fluency is inevitably lost the question remains as to what medium into a different kind of future and up the chain of scale .


Question: affects act as a scalar solution

Affect doesn’t scale up to material transformation

David Sergeant 18, Lecturer in English, University of Plymouth, School of Humanities and Performing Arts, University of Plymouth, “Representing the Planet: Affect, Scale and Utopia,” Novel: A Forum on Fiction, https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/12724, [inserted “might” after to “might medium” because I believe “might medium” is a typo; alteration denoted by brackets]

scalar problems are built into the existent world exposing collective affect as an empty lyricism when modelled as pre-subjective intensities , affects act as a scalar solution one and many both in themselves This underlies transformative role theories ‘ don’t answer the question of how human nature can be transmuted making it available to narrative and history fluency is inevitably lost the question remains as to what medium into a different kind of future and up the chain of scale .


Question: Dedev doesn't solve tech downsides

Dedev doesn’t solve the downsides of tech

Andrew J. Wright 19. Leading the Maritimes Region Fisheries and Oceans Canada assessment of impacts of shipping noise on North Atlantic right whales (NARW) as part of Canada’s Oceans Protection Plan. 09/2019. “The End? Science, Conservation, and Social Justice as Necessary Tools for Preventing the Otherwise Inevitable Human Extinction?” Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 281–285.

There is a moral obligation to address human extinction simply  halting tech progress  as a  species  is  no longer an option  as we have come too far and climatic changes , unsustainable resource use , and limits of physical space  force us  to seek  additional tech solutions we must seek to  continue  to develop greater  tech


Question: Wright 19

Dedev doesn’t solve the downsides of tech

Andrew J. Wright 19. Leading the Maritimes Region Fisheries and Oceans Canada assessment of impacts of shipping noise on North Atlantic right whales (NARW) as part of Canada’s Oceans Protection Plan. 09/2019. “The End? Science, Conservation, and Social Justice as Necessary Tools for Preventing the Otherwise Inevitable Human Extinction?” Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 281–285.

There is a moral obligation to address human extinction simply  halting tech progress  as a  species  is  no longer an option  as we have come too far and climatic changes , unsustainable resource use , and limits of physical space  force us  to seek  additional tech solutions we must seek to  continue  to develop greater  tech


Question: Andrew Wright

Dedev doesn’t solve the downsides of tech

Andrew J. Wright 19. Leading the Maritimes Region Fisheries and Oceans Canada assessment of impacts of shipping noise on North Atlantic right whales (NARW) as part of Canada’s Oceans Protection Plan. 09/2019. “The End? Science, Conservation, and Social Justice as Necessary Tools for Preventing the Otherwise Inevitable Human Extinction?” Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 281–285.

There is a moral obligation to address human extinction simply  halting tech progress  as a  species  is  no longer an option  as we have come too far and climatic changes , unsustainable resource use , and limits of physical space  force us  to seek  additional tech solutions we must seek to  continue  to develop greater  tech


Question: Halting tech progress no longer option

Dedev doesn’t solve the downsides of tech

Andrew J. Wright 19. Leading the Maritimes Region Fisheries and Oceans Canada assessment of impacts of shipping noise on North Atlantic right whales (NARW) as part of Canada’s Oceans Protection Plan. 09/2019. “The End? Science, Conservation, and Social Justice as Necessary Tools for Preventing the Otherwise Inevitable Human Extinction?” Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 281–285.

There is a moral obligation to address human extinction simply  halting tech progress  as a  species  is  no longer an option  as we have come too far and climatic changes , unsustainable resource use , and limits of physical space  force us  to seek  additional tech solutions we must seek to  continue  to develop greater  tech


Question: climate change and technology

Dedev doesn’t solve the downsides of tech

Andrew J. Wright 19. Leading the Maritimes Region Fisheries and Oceans Canada assessment of impacts of shipping noise on North Atlantic right whales (NARW) as part of Canada’s Oceans Protection Plan. 09/2019. “The End? Science, Conservation, and Social Justice as Necessary Tools for Preventing the Otherwise Inevitable Human Extinction?” Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 281–285.

There is a moral obligation to address human extinction simply  halting tech progress  as a  species  is  no longer an option  as we have come too far and climatic changes , unsustainable resource use , and limits of physical space  force us  to seek  additional tech solutions we must seek to  continue  to develop greater  tech


Question: tech solutions needed

Dedev doesn’t solve the downsides of tech

Andrew J. Wright 19. Leading the Maritimes Region Fisheries and Oceans Canada assessment of impacts of shipping noise on North Atlantic right whales (NARW) as part of Canada’s Oceans Protection Plan. 09/2019. “The End? Science, Conservation, and Social Justice as Necessary Tools for Preventing the Otherwise Inevitable Human Extinction?” Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 281–285.

There is a moral obligation to address human extinction simply  halting tech progress  as a  species  is  no longer an option  as we have come too far and climatic changes , unsustainable resource use , and limits of physical space  force us  to seek  additional tech solutions we must seek to  continue  to develop greater  tech


Question: dedevelopment doesn't solve

Dedev doesn’t solve the downsides of tech

Andrew J. Wright 19. Leading the Maritimes Region Fisheries and Oceans Canada assessment of impacts of shipping noise on North Atlantic right whales (NARW) as part of Canada’s Oceans Protection Plan. 09/2019. “The End? Science, Conservation, and Social Justice as Necessary Tools for Preventing the Otherwise Inevitable Human Extinction?” Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 281–285.

There is a moral obligation to address human extinction simply  halting tech progress  as a  species  is  no longer an option  as we have come too far and climatic changes , unsustainable resource use , and limits of physical space  force us  to seek  additional tech solutions we must seek to  continue  to develop greater  tech


Question: fossil fuel industry sacrifice zones

The fossil fuel industry creates sacrifice zones that harm the most vulnerable—don’t fool yourself the alt leaves them to die.

Donaghy et al. '23 [Timothy Donaghy, Noel Healy, Charles Jiang, and Colette Pichon Battle, PhD in Physics at the University of Chicago; associate professor in geography department at Salem State University, PhD at the National University of Ireland; JD at Yale; American lawyer and climate justice organizer, Honorary Doctorate from Kenyon College, law degree at Southern University Law Center, "Fossil fuel racism in the United States: How phasing out coal, oil, and gas can protect communities", Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 100, published 6-1-2023, accessed 10-5-2024]

fossil fuel require “ sacrifice zones heavily polluted inhabitants subject to health risks inflicts slow violence landscape destruction water contamination poisoning of air forcible displacement from ancestral lands fossil fuel mechanism of structural racism climate change unevenly felt. most vulnerable those in the global south impacts disproportionately harm Black , Brown , Indigenous and poor communities fossil fuel corp s adopted gerrymandering to suppress turnout connections between fossil fuel and authoritarians


Question: Donaghy et al. '23

The fossil fuel industry creates sacrifice zones that harm the most vulnerable—don’t fool yourself the alt leaves them to die.

Donaghy et al. '23 [Timothy Donaghy, Noel Healy, Charles Jiang, and Colette Pichon Battle, PhD in Physics at the University of Chicago; associate professor in geography department at Salem State University, PhD at the National University of Ireland; JD at Yale; American lawyer and climate justice organizer, Honorary Doctorate from Kenyon College, law degree at Southern University Law Center, "Fossil fuel racism in the United States: How phasing out coal, oil, and gas can protect communities", Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 100, published 6-1-2023, accessed 10-5-2024]

fossil fuel require “ sacrifice zones heavily polluted inhabitants subject to health risks inflicts slow violence landscape destruction water contamination poisoning of air forcible displacement from ancestral lands fossil fuel mechanism of structural racism climate change unevenly felt. most vulnerable those in the global south impacts disproportionately harm Black , Brown , Indigenous and poor communities fossil fuel corp s adopted gerrymandering to suppress turnout connections between fossil fuel and authoritarians


Question: fossil fuel racism

The fossil fuel industry creates sacrifice zones that harm the most vulnerable—don’t fool yourself the alt leaves them to die.

Donaghy et al. '23 [Timothy Donaghy, Noel Healy, Charles Jiang, and Colette Pichon Battle, PhD in Physics at the University of Chicago; associate professor in geography department at Salem State University, PhD at the National University of Ireland; JD at Yale; American lawyer and climate justice organizer, Honorary Doctorate from Kenyon College, law degree at Southern University Law Center, "Fossil fuel racism in the United States: How phasing out coal, oil, and gas can protect communities", Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 100, published 6-1-2023, accessed 10-5-2024]

fossil fuel require “ sacrifice zones heavily polluted inhabitants subject to health risks inflicts slow violence landscape destruction water contamination poisoning of air forcible displacement from ancestral lands fossil fuel mechanism of structural racism climate change unevenly felt. most vulnerable those in the global south impacts disproportionately harm Black , Brown , Indigenous and poor communities fossil fuel corp s adopted gerrymandering to suppress turnout connections between fossil fuel and authoritarians


Question: fossil fuels harm vulnerable

The fossil fuel industry creates sacrifice zones that harm the most vulnerable—don’t fool yourself the alt leaves them to die.

Donaghy et al. '23 [Timothy Donaghy, Noel Healy, Charles Jiang, and Colette Pichon Battle, PhD in Physics at the University of Chicago; associate professor in geography department at Salem State University, PhD at the National University of Ireland; JD at Yale; American lawyer and climate justice organizer, Honorary Doctorate from Kenyon College, law degree at Southern University Law Center, "Fossil fuel racism in the United States: How phasing out coal, oil, and gas can protect communities", Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 100, published 6-1-2023, accessed 10-5-2024]

fossil fuel require “ sacrifice zones heavily polluted inhabitants subject to health risks inflicts slow violence landscape destruction water contamination poisoning of air forcible displacement from ancestral lands fossil fuel mechanism of structural racism climate change unevenly felt. most vulnerable those in the global south impacts disproportionately harm Black , Brown , Indigenous and poor communities fossil fuel corp s adopted gerrymandering to suppress turnout connections between fossil fuel and authoritarians


Question: fossil fuels structural racism

The fossil fuel industry creates sacrifice zones that harm the most vulnerable—don’t fool yourself the alt leaves them to die.

Donaghy et al. '23 [Timothy Donaghy, Noel Healy, Charles Jiang, and Colette Pichon Battle, PhD in Physics at the University of Chicago; associate professor in geography department at Salem State University, PhD at the National University of Ireland; JD at Yale; American lawyer and climate justice organizer, Honorary Doctorate from Kenyon College, law degree at Southern University Law Center, "Fossil fuel racism in the United States: How phasing out coal, oil, and gas can protect communities", Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 100, published 6-1-2023, accessed 10-5-2024]

fossil fuel require “ sacrifice zones heavily polluted inhabitants subject to health risks inflicts slow violence landscape destruction water contamination poisoning of air forcible displacement from ancestral lands fossil fuel mechanism of structural racism climate change unevenly felt. most vulnerable those in the global south impacts disproportionately harm Black , Brown , Indigenous and poor communities fossil fuel corp s adopted gerrymandering to suppress turnout connections between fossil fuel and authoritarians


Question: sacrifice zones and pollution

The fossil fuel industry creates sacrifice zones that harm the most vulnerable—don’t fool yourself the alt leaves them to die.

Donaghy et al. '23 [Timothy Donaghy, Noel Healy, Charles Jiang, and Colette Pichon Battle, PhD in Physics at the University of Chicago; associate professor in geography department at Salem State University, PhD at the National University of Ireland; JD at Yale; American lawyer and climate justice organizer, Honorary Doctorate from Kenyon College, law degree at Southern University Law Center, "Fossil fuel racism in the United States: How phasing out coal, oil, and gas can protect communities", Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 100, published 6-1-2023, accessed 10-5-2024]

fossil fuel require “ sacrifice zones heavily polluted inhabitants subject to health risks inflicts slow violence landscape destruction water contamination poisoning of air forcible displacement from ancestral lands fossil fuel mechanism of structural racism climate change unevenly felt. most vulnerable those in the global south impacts disproportionately harm Black , Brown , Indigenous and poor communities fossil fuel corp s adopted gerrymandering to suppress turnout connections between fossil fuel and authoritarians


Question: fossil fuels disproportionately harm Black

The fossil fuel industry creates sacrifice zones that harm the most vulnerable—don’t fool yourself the alt leaves them to die.

Donaghy et al. '23 [Timothy Donaghy, Noel Healy, Charles Jiang, and Colette Pichon Battle, PhD in Physics at the University of Chicago; associate professor in geography department at Salem State University, PhD at the National University of Ireland; JD at Yale; American lawyer and climate justice organizer, Honorary Doctorate from Kenyon College, law degree at Southern University Law Center, "Fossil fuel racism in the United States: How phasing out coal, oil, and gas can protect communities", Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 100, published 6-1-2023, accessed 10-5-2024]

fossil fuel require “ sacrifice zones heavily polluted inhabitants subject to health risks inflicts slow violence landscape destruction water contamination poisoning of air forcible displacement from ancestral lands fossil fuel mechanism of structural racism climate change unevenly felt. most vulnerable those in the global south impacts disproportionately harm Black , Brown , Indigenous and poor communities fossil fuel corp s adopted gerrymandering to suppress turnout connections between fossil fuel and authoritarians


Question: fossil fuel industry harms communities

The fossil fuel industry creates sacrifice zones that harm the most vulnerable—don’t fool yourself the alt leaves them to die.

Donaghy et al. '23 [Timothy Donaghy, Noel Healy, Charles Jiang, and Colette Pichon Battle, PhD in Physics at the University of Chicago; associate professor in geography department at Salem State University, PhD at the National University of Ireland; JD at Yale; American lawyer and climate justice organizer, Honorary Doctorate from Kenyon College, law degree at Southern University Law Center, "Fossil fuel racism in the United States: How phasing out coal, oil, and gas can protect communities", Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 100, published 6-1-2023, accessed 10-5-2024]

fossil fuel require “ sacrifice zones heavily polluted inhabitants subject to health risks inflicts slow violence landscape destruction water contamination poisoning of air forcible displacement from ancestral lands fossil fuel mechanism of structural racism climate change unevenly felt. most vulnerable those in the global south impacts disproportionately harm Black , Brown , Indigenous and poor communities fossil fuel corp s adopted gerrymandering to suppress turnout connections between fossil fuel and authoritarians


Question: Newest polls show a lead

Newest polls show a lead but it’s razor-thin.

Sara Dorn 9-25. "Trump Vs. Harris 2024 Polls: Harris Leads In 2 New Surveys—Amid Virtual Tie In Swing States." Forbes. 9-25-2024. https://www.forbes.com/sites/saradorn/2024/09/25/trump-vs-harris-2024-polls-harris-leads-by-2-points-in-latest-survey/

Harris  and Trump close to a dead heat Harris is up 47% to 44% race is virtually tied four-point edge Harris leads two points overall in the seven battleground states Harris leads Trump in six of the seven states individually


Question: Sara Dorn Forbes

Newest polls show a lead but it’s razor-thin.

Sara Dorn 9-25. "Trump Vs. Harris 2024 Polls: Harris Leads In 2 New Surveys—Amid Virtual Tie In Swing States." Forbes. 9-25-2024. https://www.forbes.com/sites/saradorn/2024/09/25/trump-vs-harris-2024-polls-harris-leads-by-2-points-in-latest-survey/

Harris  and Trump close to a dead heat Harris is up 47% to 44% race is virtually tied four-point edge Harris leads two points overall in the seven battleground states Harris leads Trump in six of the seven states individually


Question: Harris Trump polls

Newest polls show a lead but it’s razor-thin.

Sara Dorn 9-25. "Trump Vs. Harris 2024 Polls: Harris Leads In 2 New Surveys—Amid Virtual Tie In Swing States." Forbes. 9-25-2024. https://www.forbes.com/sites/saradorn/2024/09/25/trump-vs-harris-2024-polls-harris-leads-by-2-points-in-latest-survey/

Harris  and Trump close to a dead heat Harris is up 47% to 44% race is virtually tied four-point edge Harris leads two points overall in the seven battleground states Harris leads Trump in six of the seven states individually


Question: Harris leads Trump

Newest polls show a lead but it’s razor-thin.

Sara Dorn 9-25. "Trump Vs. Harris 2024 Polls: Harris Leads In 2 New Surveys—Amid Virtual Tie In Swing States." Forbes. 9-25-2024. https://www.forbes.com/sites/saradorn/2024/09/25/trump-vs-harris-2024-polls-harris-leads-by-2-points-in-latest-survey/

Harris  and Trump close to a dead heat Harris is up 47% to 44% race is virtually tied four-point edge Harris leads two points overall in the seven battleground states Harris leads Trump in six of the seven states individually


Question: 2024 election polls

Newest polls show a lead but it’s razor-thin.

Sara Dorn 9-25. "Trump Vs. Harris 2024 Polls: Harris Leads In 2 New Surveys—Amid Virtual Tie In Swing States." Forbes. 9-25-2024. https://www.forbes.com/sites/saradorn/2024/09/25/trump-vs-harris-2024-polls-harris-leads-by-2-points-in-latest-survey/

Harris  and Trump close to a dead heat Harris is up 47% to 44% race is virtually tied four-point edge Harris leads two points overall in the seven battleground states Harris leads Trump in six of the seven states individually


Question: razor thin lead

Newest polls show a lead but it’s razor-thin.

Sara Dorn 9-25. "Trump Vs. Harris 2024 Polls: Harris Leads In 2 New Surveys—Amid Virtual Tie In Swing States." Forbes. 9-25-2024. https://www.forbes.com/sites/saradorn/2024/09/25/trump-vs-harris-2024-polls-harris-leads-by-2-points-in-latest-survey/

Harris  and Trump close to a dead heat Harris is up 47% to 44% race is virtually tied four-point edge Harris leads two points overall in the seven battleground states Harris leads Trump in six of the seven states individually


Question: Battleground states Harris

Newest polls show a lead but it’s razor-thin.

Sara Dorn 9-25. "Trump Vs. Harris 2024 Polls: Harris Leads In 2 New Surveys—Amid Virtual Tie In Swing States." Forbes. 9-25-2024. https://www.forbes.com/sites/saradorn/2024/09/25/trump-vs-harris-2024-polls-harris-leads-by-2-points-in-latest-survey/

Harris  and Trump close to a dead heat Harris is up 47% to 44% race is virtually tied four-point edge Harris leads two points overall in the seven battleground states Harris leads Trump in six of the seven states individually


Question: Trump circumvents checks

Trump circumvents checks. Strikes are swift AND belligerent---extinction.

Collina ’24 [Tom; July 30; national security expert and award-winning author, director of policy at Ploughshares Fund; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “trump Could Win Back the Nuclear Codes. Biden Should put Guardrails on the Nuclear Arsenal—now,” 2https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-could-win-back-the-nuclear-codes-biden-should-put-guardrails-on-the-nuclear-arsenal-now/]

Trump had unilateral authority to launch nuc At any moment , Trump could end world with phone call approval is not needed, and sec def cannot stop order system is built for speed whole process take minutes Trump discussed idea of using nuc and suggested blame a strike on another country


Question: Collina 24

Trump circumvents checks. Strikes are swift AND belligerent---extinction.

Collina ’24 [Tom; July 30; national security expert and award-winning author, director of policy at Ploughshares Fund; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “trump Could Win Back the Nuclear Codes. Biden Should put Guardrails on the Nuclear Arsenal—now,” 2https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-could-win-back-the-nuclear-codes-biden-should-put-guardrails-on-the-nuclear-arsenal-now/]

Trump had unilateral authority to launch nuc At any moment , Trump could end world with phone call approval is not needed, and sec def cannot stop order system is built for speed whole process take minutes Trump discussed idea of using nuc and suggested blame a strike on another country


Question: Trump unilateral authority

Trump circumvents checks. Strikes are swift AND belligerent---extinction.

Collina ’24 [Tom; July 30; national security expert and award-winning author, director of policy at Ploughshares Fund; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “trump Could Win Back the Nuclear Codes. Biden Should put Guardrails on the Nuclear Arsenal—now,” 2https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-could-win-back-the-nuclear-codes-biden-should-put-guardrails-on-the-nuclear-arsenal-now/]

Trump had unilateral authority to launch nuc At any moment , Trump could end world with phone call approval is not needed, and sec def cannot stop order system is built for speed whole process take minutes Trump discussed idea of using nuc and suggested blame a strike on another country


Question: Trump could end world

Trump circumvents checks. Strikes are swift AND belligerent---extinction.

Collina ’24 [Tom; July 30; national security expert and award-winning author, director of policy at Ploughshares Fund; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “trump Could Win Back the Nuclear Codes. Biden Should put Guardrails on the Nuclear Arsenal—now,” 2https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-could-win-back-the-nuclear-codes-biden-should-put-guardrails-on-the-nuclear-arsenal-now/]

Trump had unilateral authority to launch nuc At any moment , Trump could end world with phone call approval is not needed, and sec def cannot stop order system is built for speed whole process take minutes Trump discussed idea of using nuc and suggested blame a strike on another country


Question: Trump launch nuc

Trump circumvents checks. Strikes are swift AND belligerent---extinction.

Collina ’24 [Tom; July 30; national security expert and award-winning author, director of policy at Ploughshares Fund; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “trump Could Win Back the Nuclear Codes. Biden Should put Guardrails on the Nuclear Arsenal—now,” 2https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-could-win-back-the-nuclear-codes-biden-should-put-guardrails-on-the-nuclear-arsenal-now/]

Trump had unilateral authority to launch nuc At any moment , Trump could end world with phone call approval is not needed, and sec def cannot stop order system is built for speed whole process take minutes Trump discussed idea of using nuc and suggested blame a strike on another country


Question: Trump strikes are swift

Trump circumvents checks. Strikes are swift AND belligerent---extinction.

Collina ’24 [Tom; July 30; national security expert and award-winning author, director of policy at Ploughshares Fund; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “trump Could Win Back the Nuclear Codes. Biden Should put Guardrails on the Nuclear Arsenal—now,” 2https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-could-win-back-the-nuclear-codes-biden-should-put-guardrails-on-the-nuclear-arsenal-now/]

Trump had unilateral authority to launch nuc At any moment , Trump could end world with phone call approval is not needed, and sec def cannot stop order system is built for speed whole process take minutes Trump discussed idea of using nuc and suggested blame a strike on another country


Question: Trump belligerent extinction

Trump circumvents checks. Strikes are swift AND belligerent---extinction.

Collina ’24 [Tom; July 30; national security expert and award-winning author, director of policy at Ploughshares Fund; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “trump Could Win Back the Nuclear Codes. Biden Should put Guardrails on the Nuclear Arsenal—now,” 2https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-could-win-back-the-nuclear-codes-biden-should-put-guardrails-on-the-nuclear-arsenal-now/]

Trump had unilateral authority to launch nuc At any moment , Trump could end world with phone call approval is not needed, and sec def cannot stop order system is built for speed whole process take minutes Trump discussed idea of using nuc and suggested blame a strike on another country


Question: Trump blame strike on another country

Trump circumvents checks. Strikes are swift AND belligerent---extinction.

Collina ’24 [Tom; July 30; national security expert and award-winning author, director of policy at Ploughshares Fund; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “trump Could Win Back the Nuclear Codes. Biden Should put Guardrails on the Nuclear Arsenal—now,” 2https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-could-win-back-the-nuclear-codes-biden-should-put-guardrails-on-the-nuclear-arsenal-now/]

Trump had unilateral authority to launch nuc At any moment , Trump could end world with phone call approval is not needed, and sec def cannot stop order system is built for speed whole process take minutes Trump discussed idea of using nuc and suggested blame a strike on another country


Question: Middle East collapse

6---Middle East collapse inevitable; renewables and warming.

Yahya 22, Director of the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center (Maha Yahya, March 22, 2022, “The Middle East Is on the Brink Again,” Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2022-03-22/middle-east-brink-again) Thx 2 Kansas RM

Faced with economic headwinds owing to pandemic and long-term energy trends , Arab states are in dire straits Even stable countries are struggling Gulf states must contend with looming end of oil Ukraine given temporary respite, but rentier systems will be unsustainable warming will make it harder to grow economies water scarcity will cost 14 percent of GDP and heightening tensions over scarce resources


Question: Yahya 22

6---Middle East collapse inevitable; renewables and warming.

Yahya 22, Director of the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center (Maha Yahya, March 22, 2022, “The Middle East Is on the Brink Again,” Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2022-03-22/middle-east-brink-again) Thx 2 Kansas RM

Faced with economic headwinds owing to pandemic and long-term energy trends , Arab states are in dire straits Even stable countries are struggling Gulf states must contend with looming end of oil Ukraine given temporary respite, but rentier systems will be unsustainable warming will make it harder to grow economies water scarcity will cost 14 percent of GDP and heightening tensions over scarce resources


Question: Middle East on brink

6---Middle East collapse inevitable; renewables and warming.

Yahya 22, Director of the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center (Maha Yahya, March 22, 2022, “The Middle East Is on the Brink Again,” Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2022-03-22/middle-east-brink-again) Thx 2 Kansas RM

Faced with economic headwinds owing to pandemic and long-term energy trends , Arab states are in dire straits Even stable countries are struggling Gulf states must contend with looming end of oil Ukraine given temporary respite, but rentier systems will be unsustainable warming will make it harder to grow economies water scarcity will cost 14 percent of GDP and heightening tensions over scarce resources


Question: warming causes collapse

6---Middle East collapse inevitable; renewables and warming.

Yahya 22, Director of the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center (Maha Yahya, March 22, 2022, “The Middle East Is on the Brink Again,” Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2022-03-22/middle-east-brink-again) Thx 2 Kansas RM

Faced with economic headwinds owing to pandemic and long-term energy trends , Arab states are in dire straits Even stable countries are struggling Gulf states must contend with looming end of oil Ukraine given temporary respite, but rentier systems will be unsustainable warming will make it harder to grow economies water scarcity will cost 14 percent of GDP and heightening tensions over scarce resources


Question: Middle east water scarcity

6---Middle East collapse inevitable; renewables and warming.

Yahya 22, Director of the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center (Maha Yahya, March 22, 2022, “The Middle East Is on the Brink Again,” Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2022-03-22/middle-east-brink-again) Thx 2 Kansas RM

Faced with economic headwinds owing to pandemic and long-term energy trends , Arab states are in dire straits Even stable countries are struggling Gulf states must contend with looming end of oil Ukraine given temporary respite, but rentier systems will be unsustainable warming will make it harder to grow economies water scarcity will cost 14 percent of GDP and heightening tensions over scarce resources


Question: Middle East renewables collapse

6---Middle East collapse inevitable; renewables and warming.

Yahya 22, Director of the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center (Maha Yahya, March 22, 2022, “The Middle East Is on the Brink Again,” Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2022-03-22/middle-east-brink-again) Thx 2 Kansas RM

Faced with economic headwinds owing to pandemic and long-term energy trends , Arab states are in dire straits Even stable countries are struggling Gulf states must contend with looming end of oil Ukraine given temporary respite, but rentier systems will be unsustainable warming will make it harder to grow economies water scarcity will cost 14 percent of GDP and heightening tensions over scarce resources


Question: Middle East dire straits

6---Middle East collapse inevitable; renewables and warming.

Yahya 22, Director of the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center (Maha Yahya, March 22, 2022, “The Middle East Is on the Brink Again,” Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2022-03-22/middle-east-brink-again) Thx 2 Kansas RM

Faced with economic headwinds owing to pandemic and long-term energy trends , Arab states are in dire straits Even stable countries are struggling Gulf states must contend with looming end of oil Ukraine given temporary respite, but rentier systems will be unsustainable warming will make it harder to grow economies water scarcity will cost 14 percent of GDP and heightening tensions over scarce resources


Question: Arab states struggling

6---Middle East collapse inevitable; renewables and warming.

Yahya 22, Director of the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center (Maha Yahya, March 22, 2022, “The Middle East Is on the Brink Again,” Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2022-03-22/middle-east-brink-again) Thx 2 Kansas RM

Faced with economic headwinds owing to pandemic and long-term energy trends , Arab states are in dire straits Even stable countries are struggling Gulf states must contend with looming end of oil Ukraine given temporary respite, but rentier systems will be unsustainable warming will make it harder to grow economies water scarcity will cost 14 percent of GDP and heightening tensions over scarce resources


Question: Gulf states prepared for transition

No link---Gulf states are prepared for the transition.

Amy Myers Jaffe 20. senior fellow for energy and the environment director of the Program on Energy Security and Climate Change at the Council on Foreign Relations. “Stranded Assets and Sovereign States.” National Institute Economic Review, No. 25. 2-5-2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/nie.2020.4

national oil companies of the Gulf are taking most ambitious measures to reduce emissions and pivot to renewable energy comprehensive study found Saudi Aramco have lowest emissions among major producers via energy efficiency Aramco also invest in CCS as demand shrinks


Question: Amy Myers Jaffe 20

No link---Gulf states are prepared for the transition.

Amy Myers Jaffe 20. senior fellow for energy and the environment director of the Program on Energy Security and Climate Change at the Council on Foreign Relations. “Stranded Assets and Sovereign States.” National Institute Economic Review, No. 25. 2-5-2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/nie.2020.4

national oil companies of the Gulf are taking most ambitious measures to reduce emissions and pivot to renewable energy comprehensive study found Saudi Aramco have lowest emissions among major producers via energy efficiency Aramco also invest in CCS as demand shrinks


Question: Gulf states reduce emissions

No link---Gulf states are prepared for the transition.

Amy Myers Jaffe 20. senior fellow for energy and the environment director of the Program on Energy Security and Climate Change at the Council on Foreign Relations. “Stranded Assets and Sovereign States.” National Institute Economic Review, No. 25. 2-5-2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/nie.2020.4

national oil companies of the Gulf are taking most ambitious measures to reduce emissions and pivot to renewable energy comprehensive study found Saudi Aramco have lowest emissions among major producers via energy efficiency Aramco also invest in CCS as demand shrinks


Question: Saudi Aramco emissions low

No link---Gulf states are prepared for the transition.

Amy Myers Jaffe 20. senior fellow for energy and the environment director of the Program on Energy Security and Climate Change at the Council on Foreign Relations. “Stranded Assets and Sovereign States.” National Institute Economic Review, No. 25. 2-5-2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/nie.2020.4

national oil companies of the Gulf are taking most ambitious measures to reduce emissions and pivot to renewable energy comprehensive study found Saudi Aramco have lowest emissions among major producers via energy efficiency Aramco also invest in CCS as demand shrinks


Question: gulf states renewable energy

No link---Gulf states are prepared for the transition.

Amy Myers Jaffe 20. senior fellow for energy and the environment director of the Program on Energy Security and Climate Change at the Council on Foreign Relations. “Stranded Assets and Sovereign States.” National Institute Economic Review, No. 25. 2-5-2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/nie.2020.4

national oil companies of the Gulf are taking most ambitious measures to reduce emissions and pivot to renewable energy comprehensive study found Saudi Aramco have lowest emissions among major producers via energy efficiency Aramco also invest in CCS as demand shrinks


Question: stranded assets sovereign states

No link---Gulf states are prepared for the transition.

Amy Myers Jaffe 20. senior fellow for energy and the environment director of the Program on Energy Security and Climate Change at the Council on Foreign Relations. “Stranded Assets and Sovereign States.” National Institute Economic Review, No. 25. 2-5-2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/nie.2020.4

national oil companies of the Gulf are taking most ambitious measures to reduce emissions and pivot to renewable energy comprehensive study found Saudi Aramco have lowest emissions among major producers via energy efficiency Aramco also invest in CCS as demand shrinks


Question: Gulf transition to renewables

No link---Gulf states are prepared for the transition.

Amy Myers Jaffe 20. senior fellow for energy and the environment director of the Program on Energy Security and Climate Change at the Council on Foreign Relations. “Stranded Assets and Sovereign States.” National Institute Economic Review, No. 25. 2-5-2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/nie.2020.4

national oil companies of the Gulf are taking most ambitious measures to reduce emissions and pivot to renewable energy comprehensive study found Saudi Aramco have lowest emissions among major producers via energy efficiency Aramco also invest in CCS as demand shrinks


Question: White Saviorism DA

White Saviorism DA: the perm deflates Indigenous projects of decolonization and engages in white saviorism by participating in piece-meal reform, proving the aff dismisses Indigenous autonomy.

Hernandez 22 (Dr. Jessica Hernandez is a transnational Indigenous scholar, scientist, and community advocate based in the Pacific Northwest. She has an interdisciplinary academic background ranging from marine sciences to forestry. Her work is grounded in her Indigenous cultures and ways of knowing. Hernandez advocates for climate, energy, and environmental justice through her scientific and community work and strongly believes that Indigenous sciences can heal our Indigenous lands. She is the founder of Piña Soul, SPC, an environmental consulting and artesanias hybrid business that supports Black- and Indigenous-led conservation and environmental projects through community mutual aids and microgrants. “Fresh Banana Leaves : Healing Indigenous Landscapes through Indigenous Science 9781623176068, 2021027787, 2021027788, 9781623176051, 1623176069 - DOKUMEN.PUB.” Dokumen.pub, dokumen.pub, 2022, dokumen.pub/fresh-banana-leaves-healing-indigenous-landscapes-through-indigenous-science-9781623176068-2021027787-2021027788-9781623176051-1623176069.html. Accessed 30 July 2024.)//TM

we read stories that highlight our communities’ vulnerability these stories end up harming us more because they create cycle of white saviorism that makes people assume we need someone to save us roots itself in “Brown victimhood that urges European descendants to take moral duty to save oppressed founded on white egocentric myth that there is something Brown people must need that only white people give Indigenous peoples do not need saving What we need is people to take responsibility fo actions and oppression enacted against us. White saviorism dismisses autonomy and resilience as government does not have best interest This is why we become resourceful to help families and communities We need to move away from white saviorism as it is a modern day version of manifest destiny What we demand is for us to regain autonomy to manage and oversee natural resources


Question: Hernandez 22

White Saviorism DA: the perm deflates Indigenous projects of decolonization and engages in white saviorism by participating in piece-meal reform, proving the aff dismisses Indigenous autonomy.

Hernandez 22 (Dr. Jessica Hernandez is a transnational Indigenous scholar, scientist, and community advocate based in the Pacific Northwest. She has an interdisciplinary academic background ranging from marine sciences to forestry. Her work is grounded in her Indigenous cultures and ways of knowing. Hernandez advocates for climate, energy, and environmental justice through her scientific and community work and strongly believes that Indigenous sciences can heal our Indigenous lands. She is the founder of Piña Soul, SPC, an environmental consulting and artesanias hybrid business that supports Black- and Indigenous-led conservation and environmental projects through community mutual aids and microgrants. “Fresh Banana Leaves : Healing Indigenous Landscapes through Indigenous Science 9781623176068, 2021027787, 2021027788, 9781623176051, 1623176069 - DOKUMEN.PUB.” Dokumen.pub, dokumen.pub, 2022, dokumen.pub/fresh-banana-leaves-healing-indigenous-landscapes-through-indigenous-science-9781623176068-2021027787-2021027788-9781623176051-1623176069.html. Accessed 30 July 2024.)//TM

we read stories that highlight our communities’ vulnerability these stories end up harming us more because they create cycle of white saviorism that makes people assume we need someone to save us roots itself in “Brown victimhood that urges European descendants to take moral duty to save oppressed founded on white egocentric myth that there is something Brown people must need that only white people give Indigenous peoples do not need saving What we need is people to take responsibility fo actions and oppression enacted against us. White saviorism dismisses autonomy and resilience as government does not have best interest This is why we become resourceful to help families and communities We need to move away from white saviorism as it is a modern day version of manifest destiny What we demand is for us to regain autonomy to manage and oversee natural resources


Question: Indigenous autonomy

White Saviorism DA: the perm deflates Indigenous projects of decolonization and engages in white saviorism by participating in piece-meal reform, proving the aff dismisses Indigenous autonomy.

Hernandez 22 (Dr. Jessica Hernandez is a transnational Indigenous scholar, scientist, and community advocate based in the Pacific Northwest. She has an interdisciplinary academic background ranging from marine sciences to forestry. Her work is grounded in her Indigenous cultures and ways of knowing. Hernandez advocates for climate, energy, and environmental justice through her scientific and community work and strongly believes that Indigenous sciences can heal our Indigenous lands. She is the founder of Piña Soul, SPC, an environmental consulting and artesanias hybrid business that supports Black- and Indigenous-led conservation and environmental projects through community mutual aids and microgrants. “Fresh Banana Leaves : Healing Indigenous Landscapes through Indigenous Science 9781623176068, 2021027787, 2021027788, 9781623176051, 1623176069 - DOKUMEN.PUB.” Dokumen.pub, dokumen.pub, 2022, dokumen.pub/fresh-banana-leaves-healing-indigenous-landscapes-through-indigenous-science-9781623176068-2021027787-2021027788-9781623176051-1623176069.html. Accessed 30 July 2024.)//TM

we read stories that highlight our communities’ vulnerability these stories end up harming us more because they create cycle of white saviorism that makes people assume we need someone to save us roots itself in “Brown victimhood that urges European descendants to take moral duty to save oppressed founded on white egocentric myth that there is something Brown people must need that only white people give Indigenous peoples do not need saving What we need is people to take responsibility fo actions and oppression enacted against us. White saviorism dismisses autonomy and resilience as government does not have best interest This is why we become resourceful to help families and communities We need to move away from white saviorism as it is a modern day version of manifest destiny What we demand is for us to regain autonomy to manage and oversee natural resources


Question: White saviorism harms indigenous communities

White Saviorism DA: the perm deflates Indigenous projects of decolonization and engages in white saviorism by participating in piece-meal reform, proving the aff dismisses Indigenous autonomy.

Hernandez 22 (Dr. Jessica Hernandez is a transnational Indigenous scholar, scientist, and community advocate based in the Pacific Northwest. She has an interdisciplinary academic background ranging from marine sciences to forestry. Her work is grounded in her Indigenous cultures and ways of knowing. Hernandez advocates for climate, energy, and environmental justice through her scientific and community work and strongly believes that Indigenous sciences can heal our Indigenous lands. She is the founder of Piña Soul, SPC, an environmental consulting and artesanias hybrid business that supports Black- and Indigenous-led conservation and environmental projects through community mutual aids and microgrants. “Fresh Banana Leaves : Healing Indigenous Landscapes through Indigenous Science 9781623176068, 2021027787, 2021027788, 9781623176051, 1623176069 - DOKUMEN.PUB.” Dokumen.pub, dokumen.pub, 2022, dokumen.pub/fresh-banana-leaves-healing-indigenous-landscapes-through-indigenous-science-9781623176068-2021027787-2021027788-9781623176051-1623176069.html. Accessed 30 July 2024.)//TM

we read stories that highlight our communities’ vulnerability these stories end up harming us more because they create cycle of white saviorism that makes people assume we need someone to save us roots itself in “Brown victimhood that urges European descendants to take moral duty to save oppressed founded on white egocentric myth that there is something Brown people must need that only white people give Indigenous peoples do not need saving What we need is people to take responsibility fo actions and oppression enacted against us. White saviorism dismisses autonomy and resilience as government does not have best interest This is why we become resourceful to help families and communities We need to move away from white saviorism as it is a modern day version of manifest destiny What we demand is for us to regain autonomy to manage and oversee natural resources


Question: deflates Indigenous projects of decolonization

White Saviorism DA: the perm deflates Indigenous projects of decolonization and engages in white saviorism by participating in piece-meal reform, proving the aff dismisses Indigenous autonomy.

Hernandez 22 (Dr. Jessica Hernandez is a transnational Indigenous scholar, scientist, and community advocate based in the Pacific Northwest. She has an interdisciplinary academic background ranging from marine sciences to forestry. Her work is grounded in her Indigenous cultures and ways of knowing. Hernandez advocates for climate, energy, and environmental justice through her scientific and community work and strongly believes that Indigenous sciences can heal our Indigenous lands. She is the founder of Piña Soul, SPC, an environmental consulting and artesanias hybrid business that supports Black- and Indigenous-led conservation and environmental projects through community mutual aids and microgrants. “Fresh Banana Leaves : Healing Indigenous Landscapes through Indigenous Science 9781623176068, 2021027787, 2021027788, 9781623176051, 1623176069 - DOKUMEN.PUB.” Dokumen.pub, dokumen.pub, 2022, dokumen.pub/fresh-banana-leaves-healing-indigenous-landscapes-through-indigenous-science-9781623176068-2021027787-2021027788-9781623176051-1623176069.html. Accessed 30 July 2024.)//TM

we read stories that highlight our communities’ vulnerability these stories end up harming us more because they create cycle of white saviorism that makes people assume we need someone to save us roots itself in “Brown victimhood that urges European descendants to take moral duty to save oppressed founded on white egocentric myth that there is something Brown people must need that only white people give Indigenous peoples do not need saving What we need is people to take responsibility fo actions and oppression enacted against us. White saviorism dismisses autonomy and resilience as government does not have best interest This is why we become resourceful to help families and communities We need to move away from white saviorism as it is a modern day version of manifest destiny What we demand is for us to regain autonomy to manage and oversee natural resources