Question: bioremediation not completely understood

It sucks

Nandy ’21 [Sampurna; National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, India. Jayanta Andraskar, Krutika Lanjewar, Atya Kapley, “Chapter 23 - Challenges in bioremediation: from lab to land,” Editor(s): Gaurav Saxena, Vineet Kumar, Maulin P. Shah, Bioremediation for Environmental Sustainability, Elsevier, 2021, Pages 561-583, ISBN 9780128205242, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820524-2.00023-7]

bioremediation has not been completely understood several limitations found in the process takes longer than other treatment choices, major limitation is trouble in foreseeing and gathering the end-point bioremediation potential can’t be checked effectively through estimation exceptionally hard to keep the speed of bioremediation high main problems for this strategy slowness of practice and trouble in adjusting the procedures.


Question: limitations in bioremediation

It sucks

Nandy ’21 [Sampurna; National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, India. Jayanta Andraskar, Krutika Lanjewar, Atya Kapley, “Chapter 23 - Challenges in bioremediation: from lab to land,” Editor(s): Gaurav Saxena, Vineet Kumar, Maulin P. Shah, Bioremediation for Environmental Sustainability, Elsevier, 2021, Pages 561-583, ISBN 9780128205242, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820524-2.00023-7]

bioremediation has not been completely understood several limitations found in the process takes longer than other treatment choices, major limitation is trouble in foreseeing and gathering the end-point bioremediation potential can’t be checked effectively through estimation exceptionally hard to keep the speed of bioremediation high main problems for this strategy slowness of practice and trouble in adjusting the procedures.


Question: end-point bioremediation potential

It sucks

Nandy ’21 [Sampurna; National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, India. Jayanta Andraskar, Krutika Lanjewar, Atya Kapley, “Chapter 23 - Challenges in bioremediation: from lab to land,” Editor(s): Gaurav Saxena, Vineet Kumar, Maulin P. Shah, Bioremediation for Environmental Sustainability, Elsevier, 2021, Pages 561-583, ISBN 9780128205242, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820524-2.00023-7]

bioremediation has not been completely understood several limitations found in the process takes longer than other treatment choices, major limitation is trouble in foreseeing and gathering the end-point bioremediation potential can’t be checked effectively through estimation exceptionally hard to keep the speed of bioremediation high main problems for this strategy slowness of practice and trouble in adjusting the procedures.


Question: Everyone says no

Everyone says no.

Shannon Osaka 20. Climate reporter covering policy, culture, and science for The Washington Post, previously PBS. “Both parties used to love the carbon tax. So why are they giving up on it?” September 24, 2020. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wnet/peril-and-promise/2020/09/both-parties-used-to-love-the-carbon-tax/

no mention of a carbon tax Biden doesn’t think policies will galvanize the electorate isn’t a guarantee From a political standpoint why lead with idea that you’re going to tax someone Dem s spend big and regulate Republicans ignore heating planet altogether Dem s vision doesn’t include price on carbon


Question: Shannon Osaka 2020

Everyone says no.

Shannon Osaka 20. Climate reporter covering policy, culture, and science for The Washington Post, previously PBS. “Both parties used to love the carbon tax. So why are they giving up on it?” September 24, 2020. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wnet/peril-and-promise/2020/09/both-parties-used-to-love-the-carbon-tax/

no mention of a carbon tax Biden doesn’t think policies will galvanize the electorate isn’t a guarantee From a political standpoint why lead with idea that you’re going to tax someone Dem s spend big and regulate Republicans ignore heating planet altogether Dem s vision doesn’t include price on carbon


Question: carbon tax unpopular

Everyone says no.

Shannon Osaka 20. Climate reporter covering policy, culture, and science for The Washington Post, previously PBS. “Both parties used to love the carbon tax. So why are they giving up on it?” September 24, 2020. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wnet/peril-and-promise/2020/09/both-parties-used-to-love-the-carbon-tax/

no mention of a carbon tax Biden doesn’t think policies will galvanize the electorate isn’t a guarantee From a political standpoint why lead with idea that you’re going to tax someone Dem s spend big and regulate Republicans ignore heating planet altogether Dem s vision doesn’t include price on carbon


Question: carbon tax no political support

Everyone says no.

Shannon Osaka 20. Climate reporter covering policy, culture, and science for The Washington Post, previously PBS. “Both parties used to love the carbon tax. So why are they giving up on it?” September 24, 2020. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wnet/peril-and-promise/2020/09/both-parties-used-to-love-the-carbon-tax/

no mention of a carbon tax Biden doesn’t think policies will galvanize the electorate isn’t a guarantee From a political standpoint why lead with idea that you’re going to tax someone Dem s spend big and regulate Republicans ignore heating planet altogether Dem s vision doesn’t include price on carbon


Question: Biden and carbon tax

Everyone says no.

Shannon Osaka 20. Climate reporter covering policy, culture, and science for The Washington Post, previously PBS. “Both parties used to love the carbon tax. So why are they giving up on it?” September 24, 2020. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wnet/peril-and-promise/2020/09/both-parties-used-to-love-the-carbon-tax/

no mention of a carbon tax Biden doesn’t think policies will galvanize the electorate isn’t a guarantee From a political standpoint why lead with idea that you’re going to tax someone Dem s spend big and regulate Republicans ignore heating planet altogether Dem s vision doesn’t include price on carbon


Question: democrats ignore price on carbon

Everyone says no.

Shannon Osaka 20. Climate reporter covering policy, culture, and science for The Washington Post, previously PBS. “Both parties used to love the carbon tax. So why are they giving up on it?” September 24, 2020. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wnet/peril-and-promise/2020/09/both-parties-used-to-love-the-carbon-tax/

no mention of a carbon tax Biden doesn’t think policies will galvanize the electorate isn’t a guarantee From a political standpoint why lead with idea that you’re going to tax someone Dem s spend big and regulate Republicans ignore heating planet altogether Dem s vision doesn’t include price on carbon


Question: worldmaking intergenerational fight for justice

Worldmaking takes up an intergenerational fight for justice, not a view of the historical march of progress. Neither the dominance of the world we inhabit nor its transformation are inevitable.

Dr. Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò 22. Associate Professor, Philosophy, Georgetown University; PhD, Philosophy, UCLA. “The Arc of the Moral Universe.” Chapter 6 in Reconsidering Reparations. Oxford University Press. 2022. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/reconsidering-reparations-9780197508893?cc=us&lang=en&.

ancestors acted in faith and responsibility they did know the possibility of a good, beautiful thing years  into the future depended on actions today they did their part in a multigenerational project there is the possibility of setbacks The years following the Civil War despite chattel slavery were some of the most progressive in history Thousands of enslaved African Americans withdrew labor in a “General Strike,” 180,000 served the Union Army Despite discrimination in military courts Black people were first able  to bear witness against whites in military schools they first  had access to integrated education emancipated African-Americans worked alongside Radical Republican party to codify change Radical Republicans rewrote Constitutions of ten states making massive structural changes radicals abolished property for voting and public office states eliminated imprisonment as response to debt The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments established birthright citizenship and equal protection and prohibited disenfranchisement on race as far as the letter of the law there were eight  Black Congressmen Black people wielded unprecedented power Some wanted to take plantation s and allocate plots Due to pressure  from Republicans Congress authorized forty-acre plots  and the Freedmen’s Bureau to distribute for “ all manner ”  of problems Southern states enacted Black Codes Johnson blocked land redistribution forty acres never arrived Democrats seized Redemption Hayes ordered federal troops return to barracks We refer to gains as progress as if time and morality move in lockstep This is not so progress anticolonial movements in Asia and Africa Civil Rights transnational queer liberation are not irrevocable ambitions of worldmaking appear daunting we should resist all-or-nothing thinking about justice No previous generation won outright , in one stroke Haitian Revolution did not  end racialized chattel slavery they eradicated its worst form from one island same of abolitionist comrades work of a just world was not completed , but advanced French Russian Revolution did  help uproot specific local  systems of injustice and provided inspiration  to future generations anti-colonial struggles did not end stratifications they did win independence a generation pass on things if we in generations that follow pick up what they left that can be enough . bending the arc of the universe make use of miraculous  capacity to join actions across time and space in our generation climate crisis is existential — for humans and non - human s especially for Black and Indigenous peoples set for wholesale destruction if we fail in climate justice gains our ancestors made will be lost . How do we will ourselves  to do hard work that may only be completed by descendants? commitment to the continuity of past people is powerful there’s plenty of reason for haste But we do not need complete transformation  in our lifetime  to have achieved something important accumulation global racial empire built are vast think scale differently generations who deal with this world who have a world at all depends on intermediate wins If we can’t do it in our generation it does not follow there is nothing to do except burn the world down ancestors gave opportunities on purpose operating in full knowledge they would never see the goal The perspective ground revolutionary patience while rejecting complacency This is available to everyone Most ancestors in the genealogical  sense include people on right and wrong sides of history what makes a ancestor in the moral sense is our relationship now whether we pay respect There are those who precede us whose imprint we reject there are those whose projects we continue whose steps order ours these latter are ancestors in the moral sense This inheritance  relates me more to white Quaker abolitionists who struggled with enslaved Africans against empire than Yoruba rulers who colluded with it Many white people descended from  slaveholders many of abolitionists dissenters Their responsibility is no different to decide which paths are available to decide which lead toward justice many of us owe struggles to genealogical ancestors all of us owe it to our moral descendants who inherit the world our ancestors constructed this world We owe it to descendants to rebuild it, in a new one.


Question: Taiwo 22

Worldmaking takes up an intergenerational fight for justice, not a view of the historical march of progress. Neither the dominance of the world we inhabit nor its transformation are inevitable.

Dr. Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò 22. Associate Professor, Philosophy, Georgetown University; PhD, Philosophy, UCLA. “The Arc of the Moral Universe.” Chapter 6 in Reconsidering Reparations. Oxford University Press. 2022. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/reconsidering-reparations-9780197508893?cc=us&lang=en&.

ancestors acted in faith and responsibility they did know the possibility of a good, beautiful thing years  into the future depended on actions today they did their part in a multigenerational project there is the possibility of setbacks The years following the Civil War despite chattel slavery were some of the most progressive in history Thousands of enslaved African Americans withdrew labor in a “General Strike,” 180,000 served the Union Army Despite discrimination in military courts Black people were first able  to bear witness against whites in military schools they first  had access to integrated education emancipated African-Americans worked alongside Radical Republican party to codify change Radical Republicans rewrote Constitutions of ten states making massive structural changes radicals abolished property for voting and public office states eliminated imprisonment as response to debt The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments established birthright citizenship and equal protection and prohibited disenfranchisement on race as far as the letter of the law there were eight  Black Congressmen Black people wielded unprecedented power Some wanted to take plantation s and allocate plots Due to pressure  from Republicans Congress authorized forty-acre plots  and the Freedmen’s Bureau to distribute for “ all manner ”  of problems Southern states enacted Black Codes Johnson blocked land redistribution forty acres never arrived Democrats seized Redemption Hayes ordered federal troops return to barracks We refer to gains as progress as if time and morality move in lockstep This is not so progress anticolonial movements in Asia and Africa Civil Rights transnational queer liberation are not irrevocable ambitions of worldmaking appear daunting we should resist all-or-nothing thinking about justice No previous generation won outright , in one stroke Haitian Revolution did not  end racialized chattel slavery they eradicated its worst form from one island same of abolitionist comrades work of a just world was not completed , but advanced French Russian Revolution did  help uproot specific local  systems of injustice and provided inspiration  to future generations anti-colonial struggles did not end stratifications they did win independence a generation pass on things if we in generations that follow pick up what they left that can be enough . bending the arc of the universe make use of miraculous  capacity to join actions across time and space in our generation climate crisis is existential — for humans and non - human s especially for Black and Indigenous peoples set for wholesale destruction if we fail in climate justice gains our ancestors made will be lost . How do we will ourselves  to do hard work that may only be completed by descendants? commitment to the continuity of past people is powerful there’s plenty of reason for haste But we do not need complete transformation  in our lifetime  to have achieved something important accumulation global racial empire built are vast think scale differently generations who deal with this world who have a world at all depends on intermediate wins If we can’t do it in our generation it does not follow there is nothing to do except burn the world down ancestors gave opportunities on purpose operating in full knowledge they would never see the goal The perspective ground revolutionary patience while rejecting complacency This is available to everyone Most ancestors in the genealogical  sense include people on right and wrong sides of history what makes a ancestor in the moral sense is our relationship now whether we pay respect There are those who precede us whose imprint we reject there are those whose projects we continue whose steps order ours these latter are ancestors in the moral sense This inheritance  relates me more to white Quaker abolitionists who struggled with enslaved Africans against empire than Yoruba rulers who colluded with it Many white people descended from  slaveholders many of abolitionists dissenters Their responsibility is no different to decide which paths are available to decide which lead toward justice many of us owe struggles to genealogical ancestors all of us owe it to our moral descendants who inherit the world our ancestors constructed this world We owe it to descendants to rebuild it, in a new one.


Question: Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò worldmaking

Worldmaking takes up an intergenerational fight for justice, not a view of the historical march of progress. Neither the dominance of the world we inhabit nor its transformation are inevitable.

Dr. Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò 22. Associate Professor, Philosophy, Georgetown University; PhD, Philosophy, UCLA. “The Arc of the Moral Universe.” Chapter 6 in Reconsidering Reparations. Oxford University Press. 2022. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/reconsidering-reparations-9780197508893?cc=us&lang=en&.

ancestors acted in faith and responsibility they did know the possibility of a good, beautiful thing years  into the future depended on actions today they did their part in a multigenerational project there is the possibility of setbacks The years following the Civil War despite chattel slavery were some of the most progressive in history Thousands of enslaved African Americans withdrew labor in a “General Strike,” 180,000 served the Union Army Despite discrimination in military courts Black people were first able  to bear witness against whites in military schools they first  had access to integrated education emancipated African-Americans worked alongside Radical Republican party to codify change Radical Republicans rewrote Constitutions of ten states making massive structural changes radicals abolished property for voting and public office states eliminated imprisonment as response to debt The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments established birthright citizenship and equal protection and prohibited disenfranchisement on race as far as the letter of the law there were eight  Black Congressmen Black people wielded unprecedented power Some wanted to take plantation s and allocate plots Due to pressure  from Republicans Congress authorized forty-acre plots  and the Freedmen’s Bureau to distribute for “ all manner ”  of problems Southern states enacted Black Codes Johnson blocked land redistribution forty acres never arrived Democrats seized Redemption Hayes ordered federal troops return to barracks We refer to gains as progress as if time and morality move in lockstep This is not so progress anticolonial movements in Asia and Africa Civil Rights transnational queer liberation are not irrevocable ambitions of worldmaking appear daunting we should resist all-or-nothing thinking about justice No previous generation won outright , in one stroke Haitian Revolution did not  end racialized chattel slavery they eradicated its worst form from one island same of abolitionist comrades work of a just world was not completed , but advanced French Russian Revolution did  help uproot specific local  systems of injustice and provided inspiration  to future generations anti-colonial struggles did not end stratifications they did win independence a generation pass on things if we in generations that follow pick up what they left that can be enough . bending the arc of the universe make use of miraculous  capacity to join actions across time and space in our generation climate crisis is existential — for humans and non - human s especially for Black and Indigenous peoples set for wholesale destruction if we fail in climate justice gains our ancestors made will be lost . How do we will ourselves  to do hard work that may only be completed by descendants? commitment to the continuity of past people is powerful there’s plenty of reason for haste But we do not need complete transformation  in our lifetime  to have achieved something important accumulation global racial empire built are vast think scale differently generations who deal with this world who have a world at all depends on intermediate wins If we can’t do it in our generation it does not follow there is nothing to do except burn the world down ancestors gave opportunities on purpose operating in full knowledge they would never see the goal The perspective ground revolutionary patience while rejecting complacency This is available to everyone Most ancestors in the genealogical  sense include people on right and wrong sides of history what makes a ancestor in the moral sense is our relationship now whether we pay respect There are those who precede us whose imprint we reject there are those whose projects we continue whose steps order ours these latter are ancestors in the moral sense This inheritance  relates me more to white Quaker abolitionists who struggled with enslaved Africans against empire than Yoruba rulers who colluded with it Many white people descended from  slaveholders many of abolitionists dissenters Their responsibility is no different to decide which paths are available to decide which lead toward justice many of us owe struggles to genealogical ancestors all of us owe it to our moral descendants who inherit the world our ancestors constructed this world We owe it to descendants to rebuild it, in a new one.


Question: worldmaking is generational

Worldmaking takes up an intergenerational fight for justice, not a view of the historical march of progress. Neither the dominance of the world we inhabit nor its transformation are inevitable.

Dr. Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò 22. Associate Professor, Philosophy, Georgetown University; PhD, Philosophy, UCLA. “The Arc of the Moral Universe.” Chapter 6 in Reconsidering Reparations. Oxford University Press. 2022. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/reconsidering-reparations-9780197508893?cc=us&lang=en&.

ancestors acted in faith and responsibility they did know the possibility of a good, beautiful thing years  into the future depended on actions today they did their part in a multigenerational project there is the possibility of setbacks The years following the Civil War despite chattel slavery were some of the most progressive in history Thousands of enslaved African Americans withdrew labor in a “General Strike,” 180,000 served the Union Army Despite discrimination in military courts Black people were first able  to bear witness against whites in military schools they first  had access to integrated education emancipated African-Americans worked alongside Radical Republican party to codify change Radical Republicans rewrote Constitutions of ten states making massive structural changes radicals abolished property for voting and public office states eliminated imprisonment as response to debt The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments established birthright citizenship and equal protection and prohibited disenfranchisement on race as far as the letter of the law there were eight  Black Congressmen Black people wielded unprecedented power Some wanted to take plantation s and allocate plots Due to pressure  from Republicans Congress authorized forty-acre plots  and the Freedmen’s Bureau to distribute for “ all manner ”  of problems Southern states enacted Black Codes Johnson blocked land redistribution forty acres never arrived Democrats seized Redemption Hayes ordered federal troops return to barracks We refer to gains as progress as if time and morality move in lockstep This is not so progress anticolonial movements in Asia and Africa Civil Rights transnational queer liberation are not irrevocable ambitions of worldmaking appear daunting we should resist all-or-nothing thinking about justice No previous generation won outright , in one stroke Haitian Revolution did not  end racialized chattel slavery they eradicated its worst form from one island same of abolitionist comrades work of a just world was not completed , but advanced French Russian Revolution did  help uproot specific local  systems of injustice and provided inspiration  to future generations anti-colonial struggles did not end stratifications they did win independence a generation pass on things if we in generations that follow pick up what they left that can be enough . bending the arc of the universe make use of miraculous  capacity to join actions across time and space in our generation climate crisis is existential — for humans and non - human s especially for Black and Indigenous peoples set for wholesale destruction if we fail in climate justice gains our ancestors made will be lost . How do we will ourselves  to do hard work that may only be completed by descendants? commitment to the continuity of past people is powerful there’s plenty of reason for haste But we do not need complete transformation  in our lifetime  to have achieved something important accumulation global racial empire built are vast think scale differently generations who deal with this world who have a world at all depends on intermediate wins If we can’t do it in our generation it does not follow there is nothing to do except burn the world down ancestors gave opportunities on purpose operating in full knowledge they would never see the goal The perspective ground revolutionary patience while rejecting complacency This is available to everyone Most ancestors in the genealogical  sense include people on right and wrong sides of history what makes a ancestor in the moral sense is our relationship now whether we pay respect There are those who precede us whose imprint we reject there are those whose projects we continue whose steps order ours these latter are ancestors in the moral sense This inheritance  relates me more to white Quaker abolitionists who struggled with enslaved Africans against empire than Yoruba rulers who colluded with it Many white people descended from  slaveholders many of abolitionists dissenters Their responsibility is no different to decide which paths are available to decide which lead toward justice many of us owe struggles to genealogical ancestors all of us owe it to our moral descendants who inherit the world our ancestors constructed this world We owe it to descendants to rebuild it, in a new one.


Question: intergenerational justice

Worldmaking takes up an intergenerational fight for justice, not a view of the historical march of progress. Neither the dominance of the world we inhabit nor its transformation are inevitable.

Dr. Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò 22. Associate Professor, Philosophy, Georgetown University; PhD, Philosophy, UCLA. “The Arc of the Moral Universe.” Chapter 6 in Reconsidering Reparations. Oxford University Press. 2022. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/reconsidering-reparations-9780197508893?cc=us&lang=en&.

ancestors acted in faith and responsibility they did know the possibility of a good, beautiful thing years  into the future depended on actions today they did their part in a multigenerational project there is the possibility of setbacks The years following the Civil War despite chattel slavery were some of the most progressive in history Thousands of enslaved African Americans withdrew labor in a “General Strike,” 180,000 served the Union Army Despite discrimination in military courts Black people were first able  to bear witness against whites in military schools they first  had access to integrated education emancipated African-Americans worked alongside Radical Republican party to codify change Radical Republicans rewrote Constitutions of ten states making massive structural changes radicals abolished property for voting and public office states eliminated imprisonment as response to debt The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments established birthright citizenship and equal protection and prohibited disenfranchisement on race as far as the letter of the law there were eight  Black Congressmen Black people wielded unprecedented power Some wanted to take plantation s and allocate plots Due to pressure  from Republicans Congress authorized forty-acre plots  and the Freedmen’s Bureau to distribute for “ all manner ”  of problems Southern states enacted Black Codes Johnson blocked land redistribution forty acres never arrived Democrats seized Redemption Hayes ordered federal troops return to barracks We refer to gains as progress as if time and morality move in lockstep This is not so progress anticolonial movements in Asia and Africa Civil Rights transnational queer liberation are not irrevocable ambitions of worldmaking appear daunting we should resist all-or-nothing thinking about justice No previous generation won outright , in one stroke Haitian Revolution did not  end racialized chattel slavery they eradicated its worst form from one island same of abolitionist comrades work of a just world was not completed , but advanced French Russian Revolution did  help uproot specific local  systems of injustice and provided inspiration  to future generations anti-colonial struggles did not end stratifications they did win independence a generation pass on things if we in generations that follow pick up what they left that can be enough . bending the arc of the universe make use of miraculous  capacity to join actions across time and space in our generation climate crisis is existential — for humans and non - human s especially for Black and Indigenous peoples set for wholesale destruction if we fail in climate justice gains our ancestors made will be lost . How do we will ourselves  to do hard work that may only be completed by descendants? commitment to the continuity of past people is powerful there’s plenty of reason for haste But we do not need complete transformation  in our lifetime  to have achieved something important accumulation global racial empire built are vast think scale differently generations who deal with this world who have a world at all depends on intermediate wins If we can’t do it in our generation it does not follow there is nothing to do except burn the world down ancestors gave opportunities on purpose operating in full knowledge they would never see the goal The perspective ground revolutionary patience while rejecting complacency This is available to everyone Most ancestors in the genealogical  sense include people on right and wrong sides of history what makes a ancestor in the moral sense is our relationship now whether we pay respect There are those who precede us whose imprint we reject there are those whose projects we continue whose steps order ours these latter are ancestors in the moral sense This inheritance  relates me more to white Quaker abolitionists who struggled with enslaved Africans against empire than Yoruba rulers who colluded with it Many white people descended from  slaveholders many of abolitionists dissenters Their responsibility is no different to decide which paths are available to decide which lead toward justice many of us owe struggles to genealogical ancestors all of us owe it to our moral descendants who inherit the world our ancestors constructed this world We owe it to descendants to rebuild it, in a new one.


Question: ancestors actions today

Worldmaking takes up an intergenerational fight for justice, not a view of the historical march of progress. Neither the dominance of the world we inhabit nor its transformation are inevitable.

Dr. Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò 22. Associate Professor, Philosophy, Georgetown University; PhD, Philosophy, UCLA. “The Arc of the Moral Universe.” Chapter 6 in Reconsidering Reparations. Oxford University Press. 2022. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/reconsidering-reparations-9780197508893?cc=us&lang=en&.

ancestors acted in faith and responsibility they did know the possibility of a good, beautiful thing years  into the future depended on actions today they did their part in a multigenerational project there is the possibility of setbacks The years following the Civil War despite chattel slavery were some of the most progressive in history Thousands of enslaved African Americans withdrew labor in a “General Strike,” 180,000 served the Union Army Despite discrimination in military courts Black people were first able  to bear witness against whites in military schools they first  had access to integrated education emancipated African-Americans worked alongside Radical Republican party to codify change Radical Republicans rewrote Constitutions of ten states making massive structural changes radicals abolished property for voting and public office states eliminated imprisonment as response to debt The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments established birthright citizenship and equal protection and prohibited disenfranchisement on race as far as the letter of the law there were eight  Black Congressmen Black people wielded unprecedented power Some wanted to take plantation s and allocate plots Due to pressure  from Republicans Congress authorized forty-acre plots  and the Freedmen’s Bureau to distribute for “ all manner ”  of problems Southern states enacted Black Codes Johnson blocked land redistribution forty acres never arrived Democrats seized Redemption Hayes ordered federal troops return to barracks We refer to gains as progress as if time and morality move in lockstep This is not so progress anticolonial movements in Asia and Africa Civil Rights transnational queer liberation are not irrevocable ambitions of worldmaking appear daunting we should resist all-or-nothing thinking about justice No previous generation won outright , in one stroke Haitian Revolution did not  end racialized chattel slavery they eradicated its worst form from one island same of abolitionist comrades work of a just world was not completed , but advanced French Russian Revolution did  help uproot specific local  systems of injustice and provided inspiration  to future generations anti-colonial struggles did not end stratifications they did win independence a generation pass on things if we in generations that follow pick up what they left that can be enough . bending the arc of the universe make use of miraculous  capacity to join actions across time and space in our generation climate crisis is existential — for humans and non - human s especially for Black and Indigenous peoples set for wholesale destruction if we fail in climate justice gains our ancestors made will be lost . How do we will ourselves  to do hard work that may only be completed by descendants? commitment to the continuity of past people is powerful there’s plenty of reason for haste But we do not need complete transformation  in our lifetime  to have achieved something important accumulation global racial empire built are vast think scale differently generations who deal with this world who have a world at all depends on intermediate wins If we can’t do it in our generation it does not follow there is nothing to do except burn the world down ancestors gave opportunities on purpose operating in full knowledge they would never see the goal The perspective ground revolutionary patience while rejecting complacency This is available to everyone Most ancestors in the genealogical  sense include people on right and wrong sides of history what makes a ancestor in the moral sense is our relationship now whether we pay respect There are those who precede us whose imprint we reject there are those whose projects we continue whose steps order ours these latter are ancestors in the moral sense This inheritance  relates me more to white Quaker abolitionists who struggled with enslaved Africans against empire than Yoruba rulers who colluded with it Many white people descended from  slaveholders many of abolitionists dissenters Their responsibility is no different to decide which paths are available to decide which lead toward justice many of us owe struggles to genealogical ancestors all of us owe it to our moral descendants who inherit the world our ancestors constructed this world We owe it to descendants to rebuild it, in a new one.


Question: ancestors faith responsibility

Worldmaking takes up an intergenerational fight for justice, not a view of the historical march of progress. Neither the dominance of the world we inhabit nor its transformation are inevitable.

Dr. Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò 22. Associate Professor, Philosophy, Georgetown University; PhD, Philosophy, UCLA. “The Arc of the Moral Universe.” Chapter 6 in Reconsidering Reparations. Oxford University Press. 2022. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/reconsidering-reparations-9780197508893?cc=us&lang=en&.

ancestors acted in faith and responsibility they did know the possibility of a good, beautiful thing years  into the future depended on actions today they did their part in a multigenerational project there is the possibility of setbacks The years following the Civil War despite chattel slavery were some of the most progressive in history Thousands of enslaved African Americans withdrew labor in a “General Strike,” 180,000 served the Union Army Despite discrimination in military courts Black people were first able  to bear witness against whites in military schools they first  had access to integrated education emancipated African-Americans worked alongside Radical Republican party to codify change Radical Republicans rewrote Constitutions of ten states making massive structural changes radicals abolished property for voting and public office states eliminated imprisonment as response to debt The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments established birthright citizenship and equal protection and prohibited disenfranchisement on race as far as the letter of the law there were eight  Black Congressmen Black people wielded unprecedented power Some wanted to take plantation s and allocate plots Due to pressure  from Republicans Congress authorized forty-acre plots  and the Freedmen’s Bureau to distribute for “ all manner ”  of problems Southern states enacted Black Codes Johnson blocked land redistribution forty acres never arrived Democrats seized Redemption Hayes ordered federal troops return to barracks We refer to gains as progress as if time and morality move in lockstep This is not so progress anticolonial movements in Asia and Africa Civil Rights transnational queer liberation are not irrevocable ambitions of worldmaking appear daunting we should resist all-or-nothing thinking about justice No previous generation won outright , in one stroke Haitian Revolution did not  end racialized chattel slavery they eradicated its worst form from one island same of abolitionist comrades work of a just world was not completed , but advanced French Russian Revolution did  help uproot specific local  systems of injustice and provided inspiration  to future generations anti-colonial struggles did not end stratifications they did win independence a generation pass on things if we in generations that follow pick up what they left that can be enough . bending the arc of the universe make use of miraculous  capacity to join actions across time and space in our generation climate crisis is existential — for humans and non - human s especially for Black and Indigenous peoples set for wholesale destruction if we fail in climate justice gains our ancestors made will be lost . How do we will ourselves  to do hard work that may only be completed by descendants? commitment to the continuity of past people is powerful there’s plenty of reason for haste But we do not need complete transformation  in our lifetime  to have achieved something important accumulation global racial empire built are vast think scale differently generations who deal with this world who have a world at all depends on intermediate wins If we can’t do it in our generation it does not follow there is nothing to do except burn the world down ancestors gave opportunities on purpose operating in full knowledge they would never see the goal The perspective ground revolutionary patience while rejecting complacency This is available to everyone Most ancestors in the genealogical  sense include people on right and wrong sides of history what makes a ancestor in the moral sense is our relationship now whether we pay respect There are those who precede us whose imprint we reject there are those whose projects we continue whose steps order ours these latter are ancestors in the moral sense This inheritance  relates me more to white Quaker abolitionists who struggled with enslaved Africans against empire than Yoruba rulers who colluded with it Many white people descended from  slaveholders many of abolitionists dissenters Their responsibility is no different to decide which paths are available to decide which lead toward justice many of us owe struggles to genealogical ancestors all of us owe it to our moral descendants who inherit the world our ancestors constructed this world We owe it to descendants to rebuild it, in a new one.


Question: worldmaking anticolonial movements

Worldmaking takes up an intergenerational fight for justice, not a view of the historical march of progress. Neither the dominance of the world we inhabit nor its transformation are inevitable.

Dr. Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò 22. Associate Professor, Philosophy, Georgetown University; PhD, Philosophy, UCLA. “The Arc of the Moral Universe.” Chapter 6 in Reconsidering Reparations. Oxford University Press. 2022. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/reconsidering-reparations-9780197508893?cc=us&lang=en&.

ancestors acted in faith and responsibility they did know the possibility of a good, beautiful thing years  into the future depended on actions today they did their part in a multigenerational project there is the possibility of setbacks The years following the Civil War despite chattel slavery were some of the most progressive in history Thousands of enslaved African Americans withdrew labor in a “General Strike,” 180,000 served the Union Army Despite discrimination in military courts Black people were first able  to bear witness against whites in military schools they first  had access to integrated education emancipated African-Americans worked alongside Radical Republican party to codify change Radical Republicans rewrote Constitutions of ten states making massive structural changes radicals abolished property for voting and public office states eliminated imprisonment as response to debt The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments established birthright citizenship and equal protection and prohibited disenfranchisement on race as far as the letter of the law there were eight  Black Congressmen Black people wielded unprecedented power Some wanted to take plantation s and allocate plots Due to pressure  from Republicans Congress authorized forty-acre plots  and the Freedmen’s Bureau to distribute for “ all manner ”  of problems Southern states enacted Black Codes Johnson blocked land redistribution forty acres never arrived Democrats seized Redemption Hayes ordered federal troops return to barracks We refer to gains as progress as if time and morality move in lockstep This is not so progress anticolonial movements in Asia and Africa Civil Rights transnational queer liberation are not irrevocable ambitions of worldmaking appear daunting we should resist all-or-nothing thinking about justice No previous generation won outright , in one stroke Haitian Revolution did not  end racialized chattel slavery they eradicated its worst form from one island same of abolitionist comrades work of a just world was not completed , but advanced French Russian Revolution did  help uproot specific local  systems of injustice and provided inspiration  to future generations anti-colonial struggles did not end stratifications they did win independence a generation pass on things if we in generations that follow pick up what they left that can be enough . bending the arc of the universe make use of miraculous  capacity to join actions across time and space in our generation climate crisis is existential — for humans and non - human s especially for Black and Indigenous peoples set for wholesale destruction if we fail in climate justice gains our ancestors made will be lost . How do we will ourselves  to do hard work that may only be completed by descendants? commitment to the continuity of past people is powerful there’s plenty of reason for haste But we do not need complete transformation  in our lifetime  to have achieved something important accumulation global racial empire built are vast think scale differently generations who deal with this world who have a world at all depends on intermediate wins If we can’t do it in our generation it does not follow there is nothing to do except burn the world down ancestors gave opportunities on purpose operating in full knowledge they would never see the goal The perspective ground revolutionary patience while rejecting complacency This is available to everyone Most ancestors in the genealogical  sense include people on right and wrong sides of history what makes a ancestor in the moral sense is our relationship now whether we pay respect There are those who precede us whose imprint we reject there are those whose projects we continue whose steps order ours these latter are ancestors in the moral sense This inheritance  relates me more to white Quaker abolitionists who struggled with enslaved Africans against empire than Yoruba rulers who colluded with it Many white people descended from  slaveholders many of abolitionists dissenters Their responsibility is no different to decide which paths are available to decide which lead toward justice many of us owe struggles to genealogical ancestors all of us owe it to our moral descendants who inherit the world our ancestors constructed this world We owe it to descendants to rebuild it, in a new one.


Question: Fear of death precludes hospitality

Fossil civilization’s fear of death precludes hospitality, making it impossible to cultivate existential affirmation.

James Rowe 23. [Associate Professor of environmental studies and cultural, social, and political thought at the University of Victoria. His interdisciplinary research program is motivated by a desire to understand and strengthen social movements working toward social and ecological justice. “Practice for a Just, Livable Future” in Radical Mindfulness: Why Transforming Fear of Death is Politically Vital. Set to be published in October, 2023. Taylor & Francis Group. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003406181/radical-mindfulness-james-rowe]//dawn

Acknowledging death means accepting This can only promote life Denying death only brings more death distributed across  axes of power crystallized by climate crisis will make life difficult.  With hospitality  under threat , harder to cultivate existential affirmation Higher fear  increase fuel for supremacist relations facing our finitude  is necessary Just because something is finite doesn’t mean it isn’t wonderful Despite finitude  and fossil capitalism affirmation of basic goodness can support more just worlds


Question: James Rowe 23

Fossil civilization’s fear of death precludes hospitality, making it impossible to cultivate existential affirmation.

James Rowe 23. [Associate Professor of environmental studies and cultural, social, and political thought at the University of Victoria. His interdisciplinary research program is motivated by a desire to understand and strengthen social movements working toward social and ecological justice. “Practice for a Just, Livable Future” in Radical Mindfulness: Why Transforming Fear of Death is Politically Vital. Set to be published in October, 2023. Taylor & Francis Group. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003406181/radical-mindfulness-james-rowe]//dawn

Acknowledging death means accepting This can only promote life Denying death only brings more death distributed across  axes of power crystallized by climate crisis will make life difficult.  With hospitality  under threat , harder to cultivate existential affirmation Higher fear  increase fuel for supremacist relations facing our finitude  is necessary Just because something is finite doesn’t mean it isn’t wonderful Despite finitude  and fossil capitalism affirmation of basic goodness can support more just worlds


Question: fossil civilization death

Fossil civilization’s fear of death precludes hospitality, making it impossible to cultivate existential affirmation.

James Rowe 23. [Associate Professor of environmental studies and cultural, social, and political thought at the University of Victoria. His interdisciplinary research program is motivated by a desire to understand and strengthen social movements working toward social and ecological justice. “Practice for a Just, Livable Future” in Radical Mindfulness: Why Transforming Fear of Death is Politically Vital. Set to be published in October, 2023. Taylor & Francis Group. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003406181/radical-mindfulness-james-rowe]//dawn

Acknowledging death means accepting This can only promote life Denying death only brings more death distributed across  axes of power crystallized by climate crisis will make life difficult.  With hospitality  under threat , harder to cultivate existential affirmation Higher fear  increase fuel for supremacist relations facing our finitude  is necessary Just because something is finite doesn’t mean it isn’t wonderful Despite finitude  and fossil capitalism affirmation of basic goodness can support more just worlds


Question: existential affirmation impossible

Fossil civilization’s fear of death precludes hospitality, making it impossible to cultivate existential affirmation.

James Rowe 23. [Associate Professor of environmental studies and cultural, social, and political thought at the University of Victoria. His interdisciplinary research program is motivated by a desire to understand and strengthen social movements working toward social and ecological justice. “Practice for a Just, Livable Future” in Radical Mindfulness: Why Transforming Fear of Death is Politically Vital. Set to be published in October, 2023. Taylor & Francis Group. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003406181/radical-mindfulness-james-rowe]//dawn

Acknowledging death means accepting This can only promote life Denying death only brings more death distributed across  axes of power crystallized by climate crisis will make life difficult.  With hospitality  under threat , harder to cultivate existential affirmation Higher fear  increase fuel for supremacist relations facing our finitude  is necessary Just because something is finite doesn’t mean it isn’t wonderful Despite finitude  and fossil capitalism affirmation of basic goodness can support more just worlds


Question: climate crisis death

Fossil civilization’s fear of death precludes hospitality, making it impossible to cultivate existential affirmation.

James Rowe 23. [Associate Professor of environmental studies and cultural, social, and political thought at the University of Victoria. His interdisciplinary research program is motivated by a desire to understand and strengthen social movements working toward social and ecological justice. “Practice for a Just, Livable Future” in Radical Mindfulness: Why Transforming Fear of Death is Politically Vital. Set to be published in October, 2023. Taylor & Francis Group. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003406181/radical-mindfulness-james-rowe]//dawn

Acknowledging death means accepting This can only promote life Denying death only brings more death distributed across  axes of power crystallized by climate crisis will make life difficult.  With hospitality  under threat , harder to cultivate existential affirmation Higher fear  increase fuel for supremacist relations facing our finitude  is necessary Just because something is finite doesn’t mean it isn’t wonderful Despite finitude  and fossil capitalism affirmation of basic goodness can support more just worlds


Question: supremacist relations facing our finitude

Fossil civilization’s fear of death precludes hospitality, making it impossible to cultivate existential affirmation.

James Rowe 23. [Associate Professor of environmental studies and cultural, social, and political thought at the University of Victoria. His interdisciplinary research program is motivated by a desire to understand and strengthen social movements working toward social and ecological justice. “Practice for a Just, Livable Future” in Radical Mindfulness: Why Transforming Fear of Death is Politically Vital. Set to be published in October, 2023. Taylor & Francis Group. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003406181/radical-mindfulness-james-rowe]//dawn

Acknowledging death means accepting This can only promote life Denying death only brings more death distributed across  axes of power crystallized by climate crisis will make life difficult.  With hospitality  under threat , harder to cultivate existential affirmation Higher fear  increase fuel for supremacist relations facing our finitude  is necessary Just because something is finite doesn’t mean it isn’t wonderful Despite finitude  and fossil capitalism affirmation of basic goodness can support more just worlds


Question: hospitality under threat

Fossil civilization’s fear of death precludes hospitality, making it impossible to cultivate existential affirmation.

James Rowe 23. [Associate Professor of environmental studies and cultural, social, and political thought at the University of Victoria. His interdisciplinary research program is motivated by a desire to understand and strengthen social movements working toward social and ecological justice. “Practice for a Just, Livable Future” in Radical Mindfulness: Why Transforming Fear of Death is Politically Vital. Set to be published in October, 2023. Taylor & Francis Group. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003406181/radical-mindfulness-james-rowe]//dawn

Acknowledging death means accepting This can only promote life Denying death only brings more death distributed across  axes of power crystallized by climate crisis will make life difficult.  With hospitality  under threat , harder to cultivate existential affirmation Higher fear  increase fuel for supremacist relations facing our finitude  is necessary Just because something is finite doesn’t mean it isn’t wonderful Despite finitude  and fossil capitalism affirmation of basic goodness can support more just worlds


Question: fear increase fuel for supremacist relations

Fossil civilization’s fear of death precludes hospitality, making it impossible to cultivate existential affirmation.

James Rowe 23. [Associate Professor of environmental studies and cultural, social, and political thought at the University of Victoria. His interdisciplinary research program is motivated by a desire to understand and strengthen social movements working toward social and ecological justice. “Practice for a Just, Livable Future” in Radical Mindfulness: Why Transforming Fear of Death is Politically Vital. Set to be published in October, 2023. Taylor & Francis Group. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003406181/radical-mindfulness-james-rowe]//dawn

Acknowledging death means accepting This can only promote life Denying death only brings more death distributed across  axes of power crystallized by climate crisis will make life difficult.  With hospitality  under threat , harder to cultivate existential affirmation Higher fear  increase fuel for supremacist relations facing our finitude  is necessary Just because something is finite doesn’t mean it isn’t wonderful Despite finitude  and fossil capitalism affirmation of basic goodness can support more just worlds


Question: Biden export ban thumps

Biden export ban thumps.

Gardner ’24 [Timothy; January 26; reporter; Reuters, “Biden pauses LNG export approvals after pressure from climate activists,” https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/biden-pauses-approval-new-lng-export-projects-win-climate-activists-2024-01-26/]

Biden paused approvals for LNG the decision was disastrous It sets the stage for rejections and slows down these projects the pause applies to all applications include projects approved by FERC a pause send a devastating signal to our allies


Question: Biden pauses LNG

Biden export ban thumps.

Gardner ’24 [Timothy; January 26; reporter; Reuters, “Biden pauses LNG export approvals after pressure from climate activists,” https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/biden-pauses-approval-new-lng-export-projects-win-climate-activists-2024-01-26/]

Biden paused approvals for LNG the decision was disastrous It sets the stage for rejections and slows down these projects the pause applies to all applications include projects approved by FERC a pause send a devastating signal to our allies


Question: Gardner 2024

Biden export ban thumps.

Gardner ’24 [Timothy; January 26; reporter; Reuters, “Biden pauses LNG export approvals after pressure from climate activists,” https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/biden-pauses-approval-new-lng-export-projects-win-climate-activists-2024-01-26/]

Biden paused approvals for LNG the decision was disastrous It sets the stage for rejections and slows down these projects the pause applies to all applications include projects approved by FERC a pause send a devastating signal to our allies


Question: LNG pause disastrous

Biden export ban thumps.

Gardner ’24 [Timothy; January 26; reporter; Reuters, “Biden pauses LNG export approvals after pressure from climate activists,” https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/biden-pauses-approval-new-lng-export-projects-win-climate-activists-2024-01-26/]

Biden paused approvals for LNG the decision was disastrous It sets the stage for rejections and slows down these projects the pause applies to all applications include projects approved by FERC a pause send a devastating signal to our allies


Question: Biden pauses LNG bad

Biden export ban thumps.

Gardner ’24 [Timothy; January 26; reporter; Reuters, “Biden pauses LNG export approvals after pressure from climate activists,” https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/biden-pauses-approval-new-lng-export-projects-win-climate-activists-2024-01-26/]

Biden paused approvals for LNG the decision was disastrous It sets the stage for rejections and slows down these projects the pause applies to all applications include projects approved by FERC a pause send a devastating signal to our allies


Question: COVID returns federalism

COVID marks a return to traditional federalism that emphasizes state authority and solves national polarization.

Lane 21 – Attorney Practicing Constitutional and Regulatory Litigation, JD from University of Pennsylvania Cary Law School.
Kaytlin Roholt Lane, “Federalism, Now More Than Ever”, Penn Law Journal Opinion, Summer 2021, https://journal.law.upenn.edu/issue/summer-2021/federalism-now-more-than-ever/

As polarization deepens there is a growing sense something in our political system is broken. a return to normalcy and civility might be federalism . Federalism ensure a harmonious union between states with distinct cultures and political preferences . national government has ballooned the last two decades. COVID has become a paradigm for federalism . . Our system allowed states to innovate and tailor their response a case in point for our system


Question: Lane 21

COVID marks a return to traditional federalism that emphasizes state authority and solves national polarization.

Lane 21 – Attorney Practicing Constitutional and Regulatory Litigation, JD from University of Pennsylvania Cary Law School.
Kaytlin Roholt Lane, “Federalism, Now More Than Ever”, Penn Law Journal Opinion, Summer 2021, https://journal.law.upenn.edu/issue/summer-2021/federalism-now-more-than-ever/

As polarization deepens there is a growing sense something in our political system is broken. a return to normalcy and civility might be federalism . Federalism ensure a harmonious union between states with distinct cultures and political preferences . national government has ballooned the last two decades. COVID has become a paradigm for federalism . . Our system allowed states to innovate and tailor their response a case in point for our system


Question: COVID marks return to federalism

COVID marks a return to traditional federalism that emphasizes state authority and solves national polarization.

Lane 21 – Attorney Practicing Constitutional and Regulatory Litigation, JD from University of Pennsylvania Cary Law School.
Kaytlin Roholt Lane, “Federalism, Now More Than Ever”, Penn Law Journal Opinion, Summer 2021, https://journal.law.upenn.edu/issue/summer-2021/federalism-now-more-than-ever/

As polarization deepens there is a growing sense something in our political system is broken. a return to normalcy and civility might be federalism . Federalism ensure a harmonious union between states with distinct cultures and political preferences . national government has ballooned the last two decades. COVID has become a paradigm for federalism . . Our system allowed states to innovate and tailor their response a case in point for our system


Question: federalism solves polarization

COVID marks a return to traditional federalism that emphasizes state authority and solves national polarization.

Lane 21 – Attorney Practicing Constitutional and Regulatory Litigation, JD from University of Pennsylvania Cary Law School.
Kaytlin Roholt Lane, “Federalism, Now More Than Ever”, Penn Law Journal Opinion, Summer 2021, https://journal.law.upenn.edu/issue/summer-2021/federalism-now-more-than-ever/

As polarization deepens there is a growing sense something in our political system is broken. a return to normalcy and civility might be federalism . Federalism ensure a harmonious union between states with distinct cultures and political preferences . national government has ballooned the last two decades. COVID has become a paradigm for federalism . . Our system allowed states to innovate and tailor their response a case in point for our system


Question: state authority good

COVID marks a return to traditional federalism that emphasizes state authority and solves national polarization.

Lane 21 – Attorney Practicing Constitutional and Regulatory Litigation, JD from University of Pennsylvania Cary Law School.
Kaytlin Roholt Lane, “Federalism, Now More Than Ever”, Penn Law Journal Opinion, Summer 2021, https://journal.law.upenn.edu/issue/summer-2021/federalism-now-more-than-ever/

As polarization deepens there is a growing sense something in our political system is broken. a return to normalcy and civility might be federalism . Federalism ensure a harmonious union between states with distinct cultures and political preferences . national government has ballooned the last two decades. COVID has become a paradigm for federalism . . Our system allowed states to innovate and tailor their response a case in point for our system


Question: COVID paradigm for federalism

COVID marks a return to traditional federalism that emphasizes state authority and solves national polarization.

Lane 21 – Attorney Practicing Constitutional and Regulatory Litigation, JD from University of Pennsylvania Cary Law School.
Kaytlin Roholt Lane, “Federalism, Now More Than Ever”, Penn Law Journal Opinion, Summer 2021, https://journal.law.upenn.edu/issue/summer-2021/federalism-now-more-than-ever/

As polarization deepens there is a growing sense something in our political system is broken. a return to normalcy and civility might be federalism . Federalism ensure a harmonious union between states with distinct cultures and political preferences . national government has ballooned the last two decades. COVID has become a paradigm for federalism . . Our system allowed states to innovate and tailor their response a case in point for our system


Question: states innovate and tailor response

COVID marks a return to traditional federalism that emphasizes state authority and solves national polarization.

Lane 21 – Attorney Practicing Constitutional and Regulatory Litigation, JD from University of Pennsylvania Cary Law School.
Kaytlin Roholt Lane, “Federalism, Now More Than Ever”, Penn Law Journal Opinion, Summer 2021, https://journal.law.upenn.edu/issue/summer-2021/federalism-now-more-than-ever/

As polarization deepens there is a growing sense something in our political system is broken. a return to normalcy and civility might be federalism . Federalism ensure a harmonious union between states with distinct cultures and political preferences . national government has ballooned the last two decades. COVID has become a paradigm for federalism . . Our system allowed states to innovate and tailor their response a case in point for our system


Question: ZERO PC to defeat backlash

ZERO PC required to defeat any backlash, despite lobbies---BUT there won’t be any because the window closed

Johnson 24 [Lamar Johnson, reporter for ESG Dive, formerly covered regulations for E&E News, graduate of the University of Maryland-Global Campus, “Window to repeal SEC climate disclosure rule closes,” Utility Dive, 8-5-2024, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/cra-window-closed-sec-climate-risk-disclosure-rule/723270/]

The window to repeal the S E C climate disclosure rule closed Rep s introduced CRA challenges in House and Senate but stalled on both fronts SEC opted to stay McHenry said was not enough failed pushes didn’t have the votes Lobbying from Petroleum and Commerce spent time, money and influence pushing


Question: Johnson 24 SEC climate

ZERO PC required to defeat any backlash, despite lobbies---BUT there won’t be any because the window closed

Johnson 24 [Lamar Johnson, reporter for ESG Dive, formerly covered regulations for E&E News, graduate of the University of Maryland-Global Campus, “Window to repeal SEC climate disclosure rule closes,” Utility Dive, 8-5-2024, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/cra-window-closed-sec-climate-risk-disclosure-rule/723270/]

The window to repeal the S E C climate disclosure rule closed Rep s introduced CRA challenges in House and Senate but stalled on both fronts SEC opted to stay McHenry said was not enough failed pushes didn’t have the votes Lobbying from Petroleum and Commerce spent time, money and influence pushing


Question: Lamar Johnson ESG Dive

ZERO PC required to defeat any backlash, despite lobbies---BUT there won’t be any because the window closed

Johnson 24 [Lamar Johnson, reporter for ESG Dive, formerly covered regulations for E&E News, graduate of the University of Maryland-Global Campus, “Window to repeal SEC climate disclosure rule closes,” Utility Dive, 8-5-2024, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/cra-window-closed-sec-climate-risk-disclosure-rule/723270/]

The window to repeal the S E C climate disclosure rule closed Rep s introduced CRA challenges in House and Senate but stalled on both fronts SEC opted to stay McHenry said was not enough failed pushes didn’t have the votes Lobbying from Petroleum and Commerce spent time, money and influence pushing


Question: SEC climate disclosure rule repeal

ZERO PC required to defeat any backlash, despite lobbies---BUT there won’t be any because the window closed

Johnson 24 [Lamar Johnson, reporter for ESG Dive, formerly covered regulations for E&E News, graduate of the University of Maryland-Global Campus, “Window to repeal SEC climate disclosure rule closes,” Utility Dive, 8-5-2024, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/cra-window-closed-sec-climate-risk-disclosure-rule/723270/]

The window to repeal the S E C climate disclosure rule closed Rep s introduced CRA challenges in House and Senate but stalled on both fronts SEC opted to stay McHenry said was not enough failed pushes didn’t have the votes Lobbying from Petroleum and Commerce spent time, money and influence pushing


Question: CRA challenges stalled

ZERO PC required to defeat any backlash, despite lobbies---BUT there won’t be any because the window closed

Johnson 24 [Lamar Johnson, reporter for ESG Dive, formerly covered regulations for E&E News, graduate of the University of Maryland-Global Campus, “Window to repeal SEC climate disclosure rule closes,” Utility Dive, 8-5-2024, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/cra-window-closed-sec-climate-risk-disclosure-rule/723270/]

The window to repeal the S E C climate disclosure rule closed Rep s introduced CRA challenges in House and Senate but stalled on both fronts SEC opted to stay McHenry said was not enough failed pushes didn’t have the votes Lobbying from Petroleum and Commerce spent time, money and influence pushing


Question: No votes to repeal SEC rule

ZERO PC required to defeat any backlash, despite lobbies---BUT there won’t be any because the window closed

Johnson 24 [Lamar Johnson, reporter for ESG Dive, formerly covered regulations for E&E News, graduate of the University of Maryland-Global Campus, “Window to repeal SEC climate disclosure rule closes,” Utility Dive, 8-5-2024, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/cra-window-closed-sec-climate-risk-disclosure-rule/723270/]

The window to repeal the S E C climate disclosure rule closed Rep s introduced CRA challenges in House and Senate but stalled on both fronts SEC opted to stay McHenry said was not enough failed pushes didn’t have the votes Lobbying from Petroleum and Commerce spent time, money and influence pushing


Question: SEC climate rule backlash

ZERO PC required to defeat any backlash, despite lobbies---BUT there won’t be any because the window closed

Johnson 24 [Lamar Johnson, reporter for ESG Dive, formerly covered regulations for E&E News, graduate of the University of Maryland-Global Campus, “Window to repeal SEC climate disclosure rule closes,” Utility Dive, 8-5-2024, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/cra-window-closed-sec-climate-risk-disclosure-rule/723270/]

The window to repeal the S E C climate disclosure rule closed Rep s introduced CRA challenges in House and Senate but stalled on both fronts SEC opted to stay McHenry said was not enough failed pushes didn’t have the votes Lobbying from Petroleum and Commerce spent time, money and influence pushing


Question: window to repeal SEC climate

ZERO PC required to defeat any backlash, despite lobbies---BUT there won’t be any because the window closed

Johnson 24 [Lamar Johnson, reporter for ESG Dive, formerly covered regulations for E&E News, graduate of the University of Maryland-Global Campus, “Window to repeal SEC climate disclosure rule closes,” Utility Dive, 8-5-2024, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/cra-window-closed-sec-climate-risk-disclosure-rule/723270/]

The window to repeal the S E C climate disclosure rule closed Rep s introduced CRA challenges in House and Senate but stalled on both fronts SEC opted to stay McHenry said was not enough failed pushes didn’t have the votes Lobbying from Petroleum and Commerce spent time, money and influence pushing


Question: Bipartisan key to full year extension

Bipart’s key in the lame duck to get a full year extension

Hubbard ’24 - Kaia Hubbard – Kaia Hubbard is a politics reporter for CBS News Digital, based in Washington, D.C. Before coming to CBS News, Kaia worked as a staff writer for U.S. News & World Report, where she wrote about politics with a focus on Congress. She also previously covered courts and reproductive rights. Kaia is a graduate of the University of San Diego -“Congress passes 3-month funding extension to avoid government shutdown” – CBS News - Updated on: September 25, 2024 - https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-vote-continuing-resolution-government-shutdown/

Johnson said he would push to approve the  full-year spending bills  after the election My encouragement to Senate colleagues is work together to get this job done." Whether lawmakers can do so in the lame-duck session remains to be seen Schumer said the three-month extension will give appropriators more time to "fully fund the government before the end of the year acknowledging the bipartisanship that will be required. I hope this positive outcome of bipartisanship can set the tone for more constructive bipartisan work when we return


Question: Hubbard 24

Bipart’s key in the lame duck to get a full year extension

Hubbard ’24 - Kaia Hubbard – Kaia Hubbard is a politics reporter for CBS News Digital, based in Washington, D.C. Before coming to CBS News, Kaia worked as a staff writer for U.S. News & World Report, where she wrote about politics with a focus on Congress. She also previously covered courts and reproductive rights. Kaia is a graduate of the University of San Diego -“Congress passes 3-month funding extension to avoid government shutdown” – CBS News - Updated on: September 25, 2024 - https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-vote-continuing-resolution-government-shutdown/

Johnson said he would push to approve the  full-year spending bills  after the election My encouragement to Senate colleagues is work together to get this job done." Whether lawmakers can do so in the lame-duck session remains to be seen Schumer said the three-month extension will give appropriators more time to "fully fund the government before the end of the year acknowledging the bipartisanship that will be required. I hope this positive outcome of bipartisanship can set the tone for more constructive bipartisan work when we return


Question: Full year spending bills

Bipart’s key in the lame duck to get a full year extension

Hubbard ’24 - Kaia Hubbard – Kaia Hubbard is a politics reporter for CBS News Digital, based in Washington, D.C. Before coming to CBS News, Kaia worked as a staff writer for U.S. News & World Report, where she wrote about politics with a focus on Congress. She also previously covered courts and reproductive rights. Kaia is a graduate of the University of San Diego -“Congress passes 3-month funding extension to avoid government shutdown” – CBS News - Updated on: September 25, 2024 - https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-vote-continuing-resolution-government-shutdown/

Johnson said he would push to approve the  full-year spending bills  after the election My encouragement to Senate colleagues is work together to get this job done." Whether lawmakers can do so in the lame-duck session remains to be seen Schumer said the three-month extension will give appropriators more time to "fully fund the government before the end of the year acknowledging the bipartisanship that will be required. I hope this positive outcome of bipartisanship can set the tone for more constructive bipartisan work when we return


Question: Congress passes funding extension

Bipart’s key in the lame duck to get a full year extension

Hubbard ’24 - Kaia Hubbard – Kaia Hubbard is a politics reporter for CBS News Digital, based in Washington, D.C. Before coming to CBS News, Kaia worked as a staff writer for U.S. News & World Report, where she wrote about politics with a focus on Congress. She also previously covered courts and reproductive rights. Kaia is a graduate of the University of San Diego -“Congress passes 3-month funding extension to avoid government shutdown” – CBS News - Updated on: September 25, 2024 - https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-vote-continuing-resolution-government-shutdown/

Johnson said he would push to approve the  full-year spending bills  after the election My encouragement to Senate colleagues is work together to get this job done." Whether lawmakers can do so in the lame-duck session remains to be seen Schumer said the three-month extension will give appropriators more time to "fully fund the government before the end of the year acknowledging the bipartisanship that will be required. I hope this positive outcome of bipartisanship can set the tone for more constructive bipartisan work when we return


Question: Bipartisanship needed

Bipart’s key in the lame duck to get a full year extension

Hubbard ’24 - Kaia Hubbard – Kaia Hubbard is a politics reporter for CBS News Digital, based in Washington, D.C. Before coming to CBS News, Kaia worked as a staff writer for U.S. News & World Report, where she wrote about politics with a focus on Congress. She also previously covered courts and reproductive rights. Kaia is a graduate of the University of San Diego -“Congress passes 3-month funding extension to avoid government shutdown” – CBS News - Updated on: September 25, 2024 - https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-vote-continuing-resolution-government-shutdown/

Johnson said he would push to approve the  full-year spending bills  after the election My encouragement to Senate colleagues is work together to get this job done." Whether lawmakers can do so in the lame-duck session remains to be seen Schumer said the three-month extension will give appropriators more time to "fully fund the government before the end of the year acknowledging the bipartisanship that will be required. I hope this positive outcome of bipartisanship can set the tone for more constructive bipartisan work when we return


Question: Lame duck session

Bipart’s key in the lame duck to get a full year extension

Hubbard ’24 - Kaia Hubbard – Kaia Hubbard is a politics reporter for CBS News Digital, based in Washington, D.C. Before coming to CBS News, Kaia worked as a staff writer for U.S. News & World Report, where she wrote about politics with a focus on Congress. She also previously covered courts and reproductive rights. Kaia is a graduate of the University of San Diego -“Congress passes 3-month funding extension to avoid government shutdown” – CBS News - Updated on: September 25, 2024 - https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-vote-continuing-resolution-government-shutdown/

Johnson said he would push to approve the  full-year spending bills  after the election My encouragement to Senate colleagues is work together to get this job done." Whether lawmakers can do so in the lame-duck session remains to be seen Schumer said the three-month extension will give appropriators more time to "fully fund the government before the end of the year acknowledging the bipartisanship that will be required. I hope this positive outcome of bipartisanship can set the tone for more constructive bipartisan work when we return


Question: Schumer on bipartisanship

Bipart’s key in the lame duck to get a full year extension

Hubbard ’24 - Kaia Hubbard – Kaia Hubbard is a politics reporter for CBS News Digital, based in Washington, D.C. Before coming to CBS News, Kaia worked as a staff writer for U.S. News & World Report, where she wrote about politics with a focus on Congress. She also previously covered courts and reproductive rights. Kaia is a graduate of the University of San Diego -“Congress passes 3-month funding extension to avoid government shutdown” – CBS News - Updated on: September 25, 2024 - https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-vote-continuing-resolution-government-shutdown/

Johnson said he would push to approve the  full-year spending bills  after the election My encouragement to Senate colleagues is work together to get this job done." Whether lawmakers can do so in the lame-duck session remains to be seen Schumer said the three-month extension will give appropriators more time to "fully fund the government before the end of the year acknowledging the bipartisanship that will be required. I hope this positive outcome of bipartisanship can set the tone for more constructive bipartisan work when we return


Question: Carbon Tax incentivize biofuel

Carbon Tax would incentivize biofuel usage.

Carbon Taxes Center 20 4-8-2020 “Should a Carbon Tax Apply to Bioenergy?”, https://www.carbontax.org/issues/should-a-carbon-tax-apply-to-bioenergy/ --- ECM

a carbon tax would encourage production of bioenergy to the extent it reduces emissions deployed in their absence


Question: Carbon Tax Center 2020

Carbon Tax would incentivize biofuel usage.

Carbon Taxes Center 20 4-8-2020 “Should a Carbon Tax Apply to Bioenergy?”, https://www.carbontax.org/issues/should-a-carbon-tax-apply-to-bioenergy/ --- ECM

a carbon tax would encourage production of bioenergy to the extent it reduces emissions deployed in their absence


Question: carbon tax bioenergy

Carbon Tax would incentivize biofuel usage.

Carbon Taxes Center 20 4-8-2020 “Should a Carbon Tax Apply to Bioenergy?”, https://www.carbontax.org/issues/should-a-carbon-tax-apply-to-bioenergy/ --- ECM

a carbon tax would encourage production of bioenergy to the extent it reduces emissions deployed in their absence


Question: carbon tax reduce emissions

Carbon Tax would incentivize biofuel usage.

Carbon Taxes Center 20 4-8-2020 “Should a Carbon Tax Apply to Bioenergy?”, https://www.carbontax.org/issues/should-a-carbon-tax-apply-to-bioenergy/ --- ECM

a carbon tax would encourage production of bioenergy to the extent it reduces emissions deployed in their absence


Question: bioenergy reduces emissions

Carbon Tax would incentivize biofuel usage.

Carbon Taxes Center 20 4-8-2020 “Should a Carbon Tax Apply to Bioenergy?”, https://www.carbontax.org/issues/should-a-carbon-tax-apply-to-bioenergy/ --- ECM

a carbon tax would encourage production of bioenergy to the extent it reduces emissions deployed in their absence


Question: carbon tax production of bioenergy

Carbon Tax would incentivize biofuel usage.

Carbon Taxes Center 20 4-8-2020 “Should a Carbon Tax Apply to Bioenergy?”, https://www.carbontax.org/issues/should-a-carbon-tax-apply-to-bioenergy/ --- ECM

a carbon tax would encourage production of bioenergy to the extent it reduces emissions deployed in their absence


Question: incentivize biofuel usage

Carbon Tax would incentivize biofuel usage.

Carbon Taxes Center 20 4-8-2020 “Should a Carbon Tax Apply to Bioenergy?”, https://www.carbontax.org/issues/should-a-carbon-tax-apply-to-bioenergy/ --- ECM

a carbon tax would encourage production of bioenergy to the extent it reduces emissions deployed in their absence


Question: Elevating climate change motivates change

B. Elevating climate change to an existential threat reflects consensus AND motivates change, not apathy.

Davidson 23, *Ph.D. from the Department of Sociology at the university of Cambridge **Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge. (*Joe P.L. **Luke Kemp, 12-12-2023, “Climate catastrophe: The value of envisioning the worst-case scenarios of climate change,” WIREs Climate Change, DOI: 10.1002/wcc.871)

Scientists called for exploration of extinction over 11,000 signed statement warning of catastrophic threat posed by climate Critics claim discussion of extreme risks is flawed and counterproductive None of these concerns is convincing There is no reason considering extreme risks slow decarbonisation a lack of risk assessments slow action and create faulty policies Nor is there strong ev that considering risks lead to apathy recent meta-analysis concludes fear-based messaging is effective at changing attitudes , and behaviors and there were no observed situations counterproductive This echoes wider lit erature on fear idea that fear breed fatalism needs greater nuance


Question: Davidson 23

B. Elevating climate change to an existential threat reflects consensus AND motivates change, not apathy.

Davidson 23, *Ph.D. from the Department of Sociology at the university of Cambridge **Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge. (*Joe P.L. **Luke Kemp, 12-12-2023, “Climate catastrophe: The value of envisioning the worst-case scenarios of climate change,” WIREs Climate Change, DOI: 10.1002/wcc.871)

Scientists called for exploration of extinction over 11,000 signed statement warning of catastrophic threat posed by climate Critics claim discussion of extreme risks is flawed and counterproductive None of these concerns is convincing There is no reason considering extreme risks slow decarbonisation a lack of risk assessments slow action and create faulty policies Nor is there strong ev that considering risks lead to apathy recent meta-analysis concludes fear-based messaging is effective at changing attitudes , and behaviors and there were no observed situations counterproductive This echoes wider lit erature on fear idea that fear breed fatalism needs greater nuance


Question: Luke Kemp

B. Elevating climate change to an existential threat reflects consensus AND motivates change, not apathy.

Davidson 23, *Ph.D. from the Department of Sociology at the university of Cambridge **Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge. (*Joe P.L. **Luke Kemp, 12-12-2023, “Climate catastrophe: The value of envisioning the worst-case scenarios of climate change,” WIREs Climate Change, DOI: 10.1002/wcc.871)

Scientists called for exploration of extinction over 11,000 signed statement warning of catastrophic threat posed by climate Critics claim discussion of extreme risks is flawed and counterproductive None of these concerns is convincing There is no reason considering extreme risks slow decarbonisation a lack of risk assessments slow action and create faulty policies Nor is there strong ev that considering risks lead to apathy recent meta-analysis concludes fear-based messaging is effective at changing attitudes , and behaviors and there were no observed situations counterproductive This echoes wider lit erature on fear idea that fear breed fatalism needs greater nuance


Question: climate change existential threat good

B. Elevating climate change to an existential threat reflects consensus AND motivates change, not apathy.

Davidson 23, *Ph.D. from the Department of Sociology at the university of Cambridge **Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge. (*Joe P.L. **Luke Kemp, 12-12-2023, “Climate catastrophe: The value of envisioning the worst-case scenarios of climate change,” WIREs Climate Change, DOI: 10.1002/wcc.871)

Scientists called for exploration of extinction over 11,000 signed statement warning of catastrophic threat posed by climate Critics claim discussion of extreme risks is flawed and counterproductive None of these concerns is convincing There is no reason considering extreme risks slow decarbonisation a lack of risk assessments slow action and create faulty policies Nor is there strong ev that considering risks lead to apathy recent meta-analysis concludes fear-based messaging is effective at changing attitudes , and behaviors and there were no observed situations counterproductive This echoes wider lit erature on fear idea that fear breed fatalism needs greater nuance


Question: Climate catastrophe Davidson

B. Elevating climate change to an existential threat reflects consensus AND motivates change, not apathy.

Davidson 23, *Ph.D. from the Department of Sociology at the university of Cambridge **Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge. (*Joe P.L. **Luke Kemp, 12-12-2023, “Climate catastrophe: The value of envisioning the worst-case scenarios of climate change,” WIREs Climate Change, DOI: 10.1002/wcc.871)

Scientists called for exploration of extinction over 11,000 signed statement warning of catastrophic threat posed by climate Critics claim discussion of extreme risks is flawed and counterproductive None of these concerns is convincing There is no reason considering extreme risks slow decarbonisation a lack of risk assessments slow action and create faulty policies Nor is there strong ev that considering risks lead to apathy recent meta-analysis concludes fear-based messaging is effective at changing attitudes , and behaviors and there were no observed situations counterproductive This echoes wider lit erature on fear idea that fear breed fatalism needs greater nuance


Question: fear-based messaging is effective

B. Elevating climate change to an existential threat reflects consensus AND motivates change, not apathy.

Davidson 23, *Ph.D. from the Department of Sociology at the university of Cambridge **Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge. (*Joe P.L. **Luke Kemp, 12-12-2023, “Climate catastrophe: The value of envisioning the worst-case scenarios of climate change,” WIREs Climate Change, DOI: 10.1002/wcc.871)

Scientists called for exploration of extinction over 11,000 signed statement warning of catastrophic threat posed by climate Critics claim discussion of extreme risks is flawed and counterproductive None of these concerns is convincing There is no reason considering extreme risks slow decarbonisation a lack of risk assessments slow action and create faulty policies Nor is there strong ev that considering risks lead to apathy recent meta-analysis concludes fear-based messaging is effective at changing attitudes , and behaviors and there were no observed situations counterproductive This echoes wider lit erature on fear idea that fear breed fatalism needs greater nuance


Question: extreme climate risks motivate action

B. Elevating climate change to an existential threat reflects consensus AND motivates change, not apathy.

Davidson 23, *Ph.D. from the Department of Sociology at the university of Cambridge **Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge. (*Joe P.L. **Luke Kemp, 12-12-2023, “Climate catastrophe: The value of envisioning the worst-case scenarios of climate change,” WIREs Climate Change, DOI: 10.1002/wcc.871)

Scientists called for exploration of extinction over 11,000 signed statement warning of catastrophic threat posed by climate Critics claim discussion of extreme risks is flawed and counterproductive None of these concerns is convincing There is no reason considering extreme risks slow decarbonisation a lack of risk assessments slow action and create faulty policies Nor is there strong ev that considering risks lead to apathy recent meta-analysis concludes fear-based messaging is effective at changing attitudes , and behaviors and there were no observed situations counterproductive This echoes wider lit erature on fear idea that fear breed fatalism needs greater nuance


Question: climate change motivates behavior change

B. Elevating climate change to an existential threat reflects consensus AND motivates change, not apathy.

Davidson 23, *Ph.D. from the Department of Sociology at the university of Cambridge **Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge. (*Joe P.L. **Luke Kemp, 12-12-2023, “Climate catastrophe: The value of envisioning the worst-case scenarios of climate change,” WIREs Climate Change, DOI: 10.1002/wcc.871)

Scientists called for exploration of extinction over 11,000 signed statement warning of catastrophic threat posed by climate Critics claim discussion of extreme risks is flawed and counterproductive None of these concerns is convincing There is no reason considering extreme risks slow decarbonisation a lack of risk assessments slow action and create faulty policies Nor is there strong ev that considering risks lead to apathy recent meta-analysis concludes fear-based messaging is effective at changing attitudes , and behaviors and there were no observed situations counterproductive This echoes wider lit erature on fear idea that fear breed fatalism needs greater nuance


Question: no perception lags

No "perception" OR lags  link---credible monetary policy authorities look past carbon taxes.

Santabárbara '22 [Daniel, Marta Suárez-Varela; October; Head of Advanced and Systemic Economies Unit, Banco de España; Senior Economist, Banco de España; Bank of Spain; "Carbon Pricing and Inflation Volatility," https://www.bde.es/f/webbde/SES/Secciones/Publicaciones/PublicacionesSeriadas/DocumentosTrabajo/22/Files/dt2231e.pdf]

carbon pricing associated with larger inflation driven only by ETS no impact found for carbon taxes ETS lead to more volatile than stable carbon taxes carbon pricing associated to a transitory effect on inflation monetary policy authorities will ’look through’ this effect as a negative supply-side shock


Question: Santabárbara '22

No "perception" OR lags  link---credible monetary policy authorities look past carbon taxes.

Santabárbara '22 [Daniel, Marta Suárez-Varela; October; Head of Advanced and Systemic Economies Unit, Banco de España; Senior Economist, Banco de España; Bank of Spain; "Carbon Pricing and Inflation Volatility," https://www.bde.es/f/webbde/SES/Secciones/Publicaciones/PublicacionesSeriadas/DocumentosTrabajo/22/Files/dt2231e.pdf]

carbon pricing associated with larger inflation driven only by ETS no impact found for carbon taxes ETS lead to more volatile than stable carbon taxes carbon pricing associated to a transitory effect on inflation monetary policy authorities will ’look through’ this effect as a negative supply-side shock


Question: monetary policy authorities

No "perception" OR lags  link---credible monetary policy authorities look past carbon taxes.

Santabárbara '22 [Daniel, Marta Suárez-Varela; October; Head of Advanced and Systemic Economies Unit, Banco de España; Senior Economist, Banco de España; Bank of Spain; "Carbon Pricing and Inflation Volatility," https://www.bde.es/f/webbde/SES/Secciones/Publicaciones/PublicacionesSeriadas/DocumentosTrabajo/22/Files/dt2231e.pdf]

carbon pricing associated with larger inflation driven only by ETS no impact found for carbon taxes ETS lead to more volatile than stable carbon taxes carbon pricing associated to a transitory effect on inflation monetary policy authorities will ’look through’ this effect as a negative supply-side shock


Question: carbon taxes no lags

No "perception" OR lags  link---credible monetary policy authorities look past carbon taxes.

Santabárbara '22 [Daniel, Marta Suárez-Varela; October; Head of Advanced and Systemic Economies Unit, Banco de España; Senior Economist, Banco de España; Bank of Spain; "Carbon Pricing and Inflation Volatility," https://www.bde.es/f/webbde/SES/Secciones/Publicaciones/PublicacionesSeriadas/DocumentosTrabajo/22/Files/dt2231e.pdf]

carbon pricing associated with larger inflation driven only by ETS no impact found for carbon taxes ETS lead to more volatile than stable carbon taxes carbon pricing associated to a transitory effect on inflation monetary policy authorities will ’look through’ this effect as a negative supply-side shock


Question: carbon pricing inflation volatility

No "perception" OR lags  link---credible monetary policy authorities look past carbon taxes.

Santabárbara '22 [Daniel, Marta Suárez-Varela; October; Head of Advanced and Systemic Economies Unit, Banco de España; Senior Economist, Banco de España; Bank of Spain; "Carbon Pricing and Inflation Volatility," https://www.bde.es/f/webbde/SES/Secciones/Publicaciones/PublicacionesSeriadas/DocumentosTrabajo/22/Files/dt2231e.pdf]

carbon pricing associated with larger inflation driven only by ETS no impact found for carbon taxes ETS lead to more volatile than stable carbon taxes carbon pricing associated to a transitory effect on inflation monetary policy authorities will ’look through’ this effect as a negative supply-side shock


Question: ETS volatile carbon taxes

No "perception" OR lags  link---credible monetary policy authorities look past carbon taxes.

Santabárbara '22 [Daniel, Marta Suárez-Varela; October; Head of Advanced and Systemic Economies Unit, Banco de España; Senior Economist, Banco de España; Bank of Spain; "Carbon Pricing and Inflation Volatility," https://www.bde.es/f/webbde/SES/Secciones/Publicaciones/PublicacionesSeriadas/DocumentosTrabajo/22/Files/dt2231e.pdf]

carbon pricing associated with larger inflation driven only by ETS no impact found for carbon taxes ETS lead to more volatile than stable carbon taxes carbon pricing associated to a transitory effect on inflation monetary policy authorities will ’look through’ this effect as a negative supply-side shock


Question: carbon tax inflation transitory

No "perception" OR lags  link---credible monetary policy authorities look past carbon taxes.

Santabárbara '22 [Daniel, Marta Suárez-Varela; October; Head of Advanced and Systemic Economies Unit, Banco de España; Senior Economist, Banco de España; Bank of Spain; "Carbon Pricing and Inflation Volatility," https://www.bde.es/f/webbde/SES/Secciones/Publicaciones/PublicacionesSeriadas/DocumentosTrabajo/22/Files/dt2231e.pdf]

carbon pricing associated with larger inflation driven only by ETS no impact found for carbon taxes ETS lead to more volatile than stable carbon taxes carbon pricing associated to a transitory effect on inflation monetary policy authorities will ’look through’ this effect as a negative supply-side shock


Question: Counterplan illegal trade war

4. The counterplan is illegal---it either gets rolled back or destroys global trade

Donald J. Kochan 2020, Professor of Law and Deputy Executive Director of the Law & Economics Center, George Mason University Antonin Scalia Law School, “The Meaning of Federalism in a System of Interstate Commerce:The Meaning of Federalism in a System of Interstate Commerce: Free Trade Among the Several StatesFree Trade Among the Several States”, June 24, Notre Dame Law Review Reflection Volume 95 Issue 5 Article 1, accessed 9/10/24, HMc

The facilitation of trade was a motivating purpose for replacing the Articles of Confederation the commerce clauses combined with the Import Export Clause were the vital ingredients to the new Constitution left unchecked, states would interfere and it would lead to disastrous effects the commerce clauses, with the Import Export and Duties and Imposts Clause include a noninterference principle also cast regulatory authority over commerce in the federal government The Dormant Foreign Commerce Clause prohibit states from displacing the federal government’s policymaking role in foreign trade individual state s send a poor signal to foreign nations


Question: Kochan 2020

4. The counterplan is illegal---it either gets rolled back or destroys global trade

Donald J. Kochan 2020, Professor of Law and Deputy Executive Director of the Law & Economics Center, George Mason University Antonin Scalia Law School, “The Meaning of Federalism in a System of Interstate Commerce:The Meaning of Federalism in a System of Interstate Commerce: Free Trade Among the Several StatesFree Trade Among the Several States”, June 24, Notre Dame Law Review Reflection Volume 95 Issue 5 Article 1, accessed 9/10/24, HMc

The facilitation of trade was a motivating purpose for replacing the Articles of Confederation the commerce clauses combined with the Import Export Clause were the vital ingredients to the new Constitution left unchecked, states would interfere and it would lead to disastrous effects the commerce clauses, with the Import Export and Duties and Imposts Clause include a noninterference principle also cast regulatory authority over commerce in the federal government The Dormant Foreign Commerce Clause prohibit states from displacing the federal government’s policymaking role in foreign trade individual state s send a poor signal to foreign nations