Question: carbon pricing solves alignment

Plank 2 solves alignment with a carrot instead of a stick. Any deficit applies to the affirmative because of accounting differences.

Reinsch et. al 23, [Emily Benson is a senior fellow with the Scholl Chair in International Business at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington, D.C. Joseph Majkut is the director of the Energy Security and Climate Change Program at CSIS. William A. Reinsch holds the Scholl Chair in International Business at CSIS. Federico Steinberg is a visiting fellow with the Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program at CSIS and a senior analyst at the Royal Elcano Institute. “Analyzing the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism” https://www.csis.org/analysis/analyzing-european-unions-carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism]//sripad

experts suggesting alternative system achieve  regulatory equivalence with EU ETS exempt U.S. products from CBAM even if carbon price paid importers may need to pay adjustment due to prices being higher within EU or free allocations and rebates being offered within country of production Absent carbon price , current federal standards will meet EU threshold for CBAM building alternative compliance mechanisms demonstrating equivalence fall on private sector establish voluntary carbon pricing allow importers to declare carbon costs demonstrate through procurement of renewable or other means companies affirm in transparent and verifiable way they have acquired sufficient credits to equal cost like what EU pay able to argue that regulatory equivalence exists even if voluntary Market-based instrument is defined as a tool of policing with the creation of a market a carbon tax is not a market-based mechanism The government, not the market , fixes the amount paid Middle Eastern oil exporters are negatively impacted by low prices and require sustained oil rents rents support the social welfare system of employment and transfers climate policies to reduce emissions pose a threat to oil exporters putting stress on exporters’ state budgets Mitigating use of fossil fuels will curtail demand Middle Eastern countries bear the highest mitigation costs Middle Eastern countries under the threat of an accelerated energy transition may flood the market and drive prices even lower aggravating rent losses stability in Gulf countries has been funded from oil by establishing a social contract of guaranteeing loyalty monarchies pressed by societal forces buy new loyalties and alliances low oil prices generated uncertainty and insecurity endangering current regimes and boosting conflict if Gulf states fail to implement diversification collapse will be a matter of time this meltdown will increase conflict and instability across the Mid East the Mid East might develop into World War III Pakistan might be overthrown and enter the war introducing nuc s Russia and China might be drawn into a general war nuc s would be used intentionally or by accident or miscalc making the world uninhabitable a global famine could destroy civilization clouds of smoke would spread globally destroying ozone A decade of lowered temperatures would follow


Question: CSIS carbon border adjustment mechanism

Plank 2 solves alignment with a carrot instead of a stick. Any deficit applies to the affirmative because of accounting differences.

Reinsch et. al 23, [Emily Benson is a senior fellow with the Scholl Chair in International Business at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington, D.C. Joseph Majkut is the director of the Energy Security and Climate Change Program at CSIS. William A. Reinsch holds the Scholl Chair in International Business at CSIS. Federico Steinberg is a visiting fellow with the Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program at CSIS and a senior analyst at the Royal Elcano Institute. “Analyzing the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism” https://www.csis.org/analysis/analyzing-european-unions-carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism]//sripad

experts suggesting alternative system achieve  regulatory equivalence with EU ETS exempt U.S. products from CBAM even if carbon price paid importers may need to pay adjustment due to prices being higher within EU or free allocations and rebates being offered within country of production Absent carbon price , current federal standards will meet EU threshold for CBAM building alternative compliance mechanisms demonstrating equivalence fall on private sector establish voluntary carbon pricing allow importers to declare carbon costs demonstrate through procurement of renewable or other means companies affirm in transparent and verifiable way they have acquired sufficient credits to equal cost like what EU pay able to argue that regulatory equivalence exists even if voluntary Market-based instrument is defined as a tool of policing with the creation of a market a carbon tax is not a market-based mechanism The government, not the market , fixes the amount paid Middle Eastern oil exporters are negatively impacted by low prices and require sustained oil rents rents support the social welfare system of employment and transfers climate policies to reduce emissions pose a threat to oil exporters putting stress on exporters’ state budgets Mitigating use of fossil fuels will curtail demand Middle Eastern countries bear the highest mitigation costs Middle Eastern countries under the threat of an accelerated energy transition may flood the market and drive prices even lower aggravating rent losses stability in Gulf countries has been funded from oil by establishing a social contract of guaranteeing loyalty monarchies pressed by societal forces buy new loyalties and alliances low oil prices generated uncertainty and insecurity endangering current regimes and boosting conflict if Gulf states fail to implement diversification collapse will be a matter of time this meltdown will increase conflict and instability across the Mid East the Mid East might develop into World War III Pakistan might be overthrown and enter the war introducing nuc s Russia and China might be drawn into a general war nuc s would be used intentionally or by accident or miscalc making the world uninhabitable a global famine could destroy civilization clouds of smoke would spread globally destroying ozone A decade of lowered temperatures would follow


Question: regulatory equivalence with EU ETS

Plank 2 solves alignment with a carrot instead of a stick. Any deficit applies to the affirmative because of accounting differences.

Reinsch et. al 23, [Emily Benson is a senior fellow with the Scholl Chair in International Business at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington, D.C. Joseph Majkut is the director of the Energy Security and Climate Change Program at CSIS. William A. Reinsch holds the Scholl Chair in International Business at CSIS. Federico Steinberg is a visiting fellow with the Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program at CSIS and a senior analyst at the Royal Elcano Institute. “Analyzing the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism” https://www.csis.org/analysis/analyzing-european-unions-carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism]//sripad

experts suggesting alternative system achieve  regulatory equivalence with EU ETS exempt U.S. products from CBAM even if carbon price paid importers may need to pay adjustment due to prices being higher within EU or free allocations and rebates being offered within country of production Absent carbon price , current federal standards will meet EU threshold for CBAM building alternative compliance mechanisms demonstrating equivalence fall on private sector establish voluntary carbon pricing allow importers to declare carbon costs demonstrate through procurement of renewable or other means companies affirm in transparent and verifiable way they have acquired sufficient credits to equal cost like what EU pay able to argue that regulatory equivalence exists even if voluntary Market-based instrument is defined as a tool of policing with the creation of a market a carbon tax is not a market-based mechanism The government, not the market , fixes the amount paid Middle Eastern oil exporters are negatively impacted by low prices and require sustained oil rents rents support the social welfare system of employment and transfers climate policies to reduce emissions pose a threat to oil exporters putting stress on exporters’ state budgets Mitigating use of fossil fuels will curtail demand Middle Eastern countries bear the highest mitigation costs Middle Eastern countries under the threat of an accelerated energy transition may flood the market and drive prices even lower aggravating rent losses stability in Gulf countries has been funded from oil by establishing a social contract of guaranteeing loyalty monarchies pressed by societal forces buy new loyalties and alliances low oil prices generated uncertainty and insecurity endangering current regimes and boosting conflict if Gulf states fail to implement diversification collapse will be a matter of time this meltdown will increase conflict and instability across the Mid East the Mid East might develop into World War III Pakistan might be overthrown and enter the war introducing nuc s Russia and China might be drawn into a general war nuc s would be used intentionally or by accident or miscalc making the world uninhabitable a global famine could destroy civilization clouds of smoke would spread globally destroying ozone A decade of lowered temperatures would follow


Question: Private sector is risk-averse and rent-seeking

2—The internet, vaccines, and military all prove—the private sector is risk-averse and rent-seeking.

Jeuk & Spang 22 (Alexander Jeuk, Magister in Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology from Goethe University, PhD in Philosophy from the University of Cincinnati; Friderike Spang, SNSF Senior Researcher, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, PhD in Political Science from the University of Western Ontario. “Analytic Marxism and Economic Feasibility. A Defense of Central Planning.” OSF Preprints, 22 August 2022, pp. 27-35. DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/uygvw)

claims that planned economies fail to innovate are not persuasive innovative success in the US or Germany rests on systems of innovation governments created institutions but also recruited workers they also fostered demand the US created their own semi-conductor industry governments finance plan and operate innovation foundations for developing the internet were financed and planned by government agencies Private firms asked to contribute refused considering involvement a ‘ threat to business ’ companies like Apple invest little in R&D and instead patent tech that stems from military or NSF research private sector is non-innovative , because it does not engage in long-term research , is risk-aversive , and rent-seeking pharma companies patent research done in the public sector USSR invested 4% of its GDP into r and  d yet 70% was military and space separated from other sectors knowledge could not be diffused evidence strongly suggests large scale industrial innovation in the last three centuries was strongly supported by central planning


Question: Jeuk & Spang 22

2—The internet, vaccines, and military all prove—the private sector is risk-averse and rent-seeking.

Jeuk & Spang 22 (Alexander Jeuk, Magister in Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology from Goethe University, PhD in Philosophy from the University of Cincinnati; Friderike Spang, SNSF Senior Researcher, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, PhD in Political Science from the University of Western Ontario. “Analytic Marxism and Economic Feasibility. A Defense of Central Planning.” OSF Preprints, 22 August 2022, pp. 27-35. DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/uygvw)

claims that planned economies fail to innovate are not persuasive innovative success in the US or Germany rests on systems of innovation governments created institutions but also recruited workers they also fostered demand the US created their own semi-conductor industry governments finance plan and operate innovation foundations for developing the internet were financed and planned by government agencies Private firms asked to contribute refused considering involvement a ‘ threat to business ’ companies like Apple invest little in R&D and instead patent tech that stems from military or NSF research private sector is non-innovative , because it does not engage in long-term research , is risk-aversive , and rent-seeking pharma companies patent research done in the public sector USSR invested 4% of its GDP into r and  d yet 70% was military and space separated from other sectors knowledge could not be diffused evidence strongly suggests large scale industrial innovation in the last three centuries was strongly supported by central planning


Question: private sector non-innovative

2—The internet, vaccines, and military all prove—the private sector is risk-averse and rent-seeking.

Jeuk & Spang 22 (Alexander Jeuk, Magister in Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology from Goethe University, PhD in Philosophy from the University of Cincinnati; Friderike Spang, SNSF Senior Researcher, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, PhD in Political Science from the University of Western Ontario. “Analytic Marxism and Economic Feasibility. A Defense of Central Planning.” OSF Preprints, 22 August 2022, pp. 27-35. DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/uygvw)

claims that planned economies fail to innovate are not persuasive innovative success in the US or Germany rests on systems of innovation governments created institutions but also recruited workers they also fostered demand the US created their own semi-conductor industry governments finance plan and operate innovation foundations for developing the internet were financed and planned by government agencies Private firms asked to contribute refused considering involvement a ‘ threat to business ’ companies like Apple invest little in R&D and instead patent tech that stems from military or NSF research private sector is non-innovative , because it does not engage in long-term research , is risk-aversive , and rent-seeking pharma companies patent research done in the public sector USSR invested 4% of its GDP into r and  d yet 70% was military and space separated from other sectors knowledge could not be diffused evidence strongly suggests large scale industrial innovation in the last three centuries was strongly supported by central planning


Question: planned economies innovate

2—The internet, vaccines, and military all prove—the private sector is risk-averse and rent-seeking.

Jeuk & Spang 22 (Alexander Jeuk, Magister in Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology from Goethe University, PhD in Philosophy from the University of Cincinnati; Friderike Spang, SNSF Senior Researcher, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, PhD in Political Science from the University of Western Ontario. “Analytic Marxism and Economic Feasibility. A Defense of Central Planning.” OSF Preprints, 22 August 2022, pp. 27-35. DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/uygvw)

claims that planned economies fail to innovate are not persuasive innovative success in the US or Germany rests on systems of innovation governments created institutions but also recruited workers they also fostered demand the US created their own semi-conductor industry governments finance plan and operate innovation foundations for developing the internet were financed and planned by government agencies Private firms asked to contribute refused considering involvement a ‘ threat to business ’ companies like Apple invest little in R&D and instead patent tech that stems from military or NSF research private sector is non-innovative , because it does not engage in long-term research , is risk-aversive , and rent-seeking pharma companies patent research done in the public sector USSR invested 4% of its GDP into r and  d yet 70% was military and space separated from other sectors knowledge could not be diffused evidence strongly suggests large scale industrial innovation in the last three centuries was strongly supported by central planning


Question: internet military central planning

2—The internet, vaccines, and military all prove—the private sector is risk-averse and rent-seeking.

Jeuk & Spang 22 (Alexander Jeuk, Magister in Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology from Goethe University, PhD in Philosophy from the University of Cincinnati; Friderike Spang, SNSF Senior Researcher, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, PhD in Political Science from the University of Western Ontario. “Analytic Marxism and Economic Feasibility. A Defense of Central Planning.” OSF Preprints, 22 August 2022, pp. 27-35. DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/uygvw)

claims that planned economies fail to innovate are not persuasive innovative success in the US or Germany rests on systems of innovation governments created institutions but also recruited workers they also fostered demand the US created their own semi-conductor industry governments finance plan and operate innovation foundations for developing the internet were financed and planned by government agencies Private firms asked to contribute refused considering involvement a ‘ threat to business ’ companies like Apple invest little in R&D and instead patent tech that stems from military or NSF research private sector is non-innovative , because it does not engage in long-term research , is risk-aversive , and rent-seeking pharma companies patent research done in the public sector USSR invested 4% of its GDP into r and  d yet 70% was military and space separated from other sectors knowledge could not be diffused evidence strongly suggests large scale industrial innovation in the last three centuries was strongly supported by central planning


Question: Private sector refuses to innovate

2—The internet, vaccines, and military all prove—the private sector is risk-averse and rent-seeking.

Jeuk & Spang 22 (Alexander Jeuk, Magister in Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology from Goethe University, PhD in Philosophy from the University of Cincinnati; Friderike Spang, SNSF Senior Researcher, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, PhD in Political Science from the University of Western Ontario. “Analytic Marxism and Economic Feasibility. A Defense of Central Planning.” OSF Preprints, 22 August 2022, pp. 27-35. DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/uygvw)

claims that planned economies fail to innovate are not persuasive innovative success in the US or Germany rests on systems of innovation governments created institutions but also recruited workers they also fostered demand the US created their own semi-conductor industry governments finance plan and operate innovation foundations for developing the internet were financed and planned by government agencies Private firms asked to contribute refused considering involvement a ‘ threat to business ’ companies like Apple invest little in R&D and instead patent tech that stems from military or NSF research private sector is non-innovative , because it does not engage in long-term research , is risk-aversive , and rent-seeking pharma companies patent research done in the public sector USSR invested 4% of its GDP into r and  d yet 70% was military and space separated from other sectors knowledge could not be diffused evidence strongly suggests large scale industrial innovation in the last three centuries was strongly supported by central planning


Question: governments finance innovation

2—The internet, vaccines, and military all prove—the private sector is risk-averse and rent-seeking.

Jeuk & Spang 22 (Alexander Jeuk, Magister in Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology from Goethe University, PhD in Philosophy from the University of Cincinnati; Friderike Spang, SNSF Senior Researcher, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, PhD in Political Science from the University of Western Ontario. “Analytic Marxism and Economic Feasibility. A Defense of Central Planning.” OSF Preprints, 22 August 2022, pp. 27-35. DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/uygvw)

claims that planned economies fail to innovate are not persuasive innovative success in the US or Germany rests on systems of innovation governments created institutions but also recruited workers they also fostered demand the US created their own semi-conductor industry governments finance plan and operate innovation foundations for developing the internet were financed and planned by government agencies Private firms asked to contribute refused considering involvement a ‘ threat to business ’ companies like Apple invest little in R&D and instead patent tech that stems from military or NSF research private sector is non-innovative , because it does not engage in long-term research , is risk-aversive , and rent-seeking pharma companies patent research done in the public sector USSR invested 4% of its GDP into r and  d yet 70% was military and space separated from other sectors knowledge could not be diffused evidence strongly suggests large scale industrial innovation in the last three centuries was strongly supported by central planning


Question: long term research government

2—The internet, vaccines, and military all prove—the private sector is risk-averse and rent-seeking.

Jeuk & Spang 22 (Alexander Jeuk, Magister in Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology from Goethe University, PhD in Philosophy from the University of Cincinnati; Friderike Spang, SNSF Senior Researcher, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, PhD in Political Science from the University of Western Ontario. “Analytic Marxism and Economic Feasibility. A Defense of Central Planning.” OSF Preprints, 22 August 2022, pp. 27-35. DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/uygvw)

claims that planned economies fail to innovate are not persuasive innovative success in the US or Germany rests on systems of innovation governments created institutions but also recruited workers they also fostered demand the US created their own semi-conductor industry governments finance plan and operate innovation foundations for developing the internet were financed and planned by government agencies Private firms asked to contribute refused considering involvement a ‘ threat to business ’ companies like Apple invest little in R&D and instead patent tech that stems from military or NSF research private sector is non-innovative , because it does not engage in long-term research , is risk-aversive , and rent-seeking pharma companies patent research done in the public sector USSR invested 4% of its GDP into r and  d yet 70% was military and space separated from other sectors knowledge could not be diffused evidence strongly suggests large scale industrial innovation in the last three centuries was strongly supported by central planning


Question: Challenge violence

It can be remade in ways that challenge violence.

Nash, 19—Professor of Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies at Duke University (Jennifer, “love in the time of death,” Black Feminism Reimagined: After Intersectionality, Chapter 4, 121-126, dml)

this eschews a singular history that presumes the violence of the juridical ignoring law as a site for staging productive intimacies and enacting radical vulnerabilities critical interrogations of progress offered ways of imagining law otherwise They advanced new methods to jam the fictions of neutrality to radically remake law , to push the boundaries of how doctrine could be written to make law unimaginable the endeavor is to imagine a legal project to attend to violence on the psyche we might feel differently toward each other if we had legal obligations toward mutual regard , if we knew that law took seriously spirit murder law becomes a critical tool in making visible mutual vulnerability , and in demanding indebtedness to each other black women’s social location as a starting point advocates for tailoring law to address injuries in particular ways legal action can be individualized , intimate , and rooted in lived experience refuse d the lure of negative affects to grieve and mourn law might be a space of black women’s survival rather than simply wounding it upends the tenet that black women’s freedom comes exclusively through spaces authored , and


Question: Nash 19

It can be remade in ways that challenge violence.

Nash, 19—Professor of Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies at Duke University (Jennifer, “love in the time of death,” Black Feminism Reimagined: After Intersectionality, Chapter 4, 121-126, dml)

this eschews a singular history that presumes the violence of the juridical ignoring law as a site for staging productive intimacies and enacting radical vulnerabilities critical interrogations of progress offered ways of imagining law otherwise They advanced new methods to jam the fictions of neutrality to radically remake law , to push the boundaries of how doctrine could be written to make law unimaginable the endeavor is to imagine a legal project to attend to violence on the psyche we might feel differently toward each other if we had legal obligations toward mutual regard , if we knew that law took seriously spirit murder law becomes a critical tool in making visible mutual vulnerability , and in demanding indebtedness to each other black women’s social location as a starting point advocates for tailoring law to address injuries in particular ways legal action can be individualized , intimate , and rooted in lived experience refuse d the lure of negative affects to grieve and mourn law might be a space of black women’s survival rather than simply wounding it upends the tenet that black women’s freedom comes exclusively through spaces authored , and


Question: law can be remade

It can be remade in ways that challenge violence.

Nash, 19—Professor of Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies at Duke University (Jennifer, “love in the time of death,” Black Feminism Reimagined: After Intersectionality, Chapter 4, 121-126, dml)

this eschews a singular history that presumes the violence of the juridical ignoring law as a site for staging productive intimacies and enacting radical vulnerabilities critical interrogations of progress offered ways of imagining law otherwise They advanced new methods to jam the fictions of neutrality to radically remake law , to push the boundaries of how doctrine could be written to make law unimaginable the endeavor is to imagine a legal project to attend to violence on the psyche we might feel differently toward each other if we had legal obligations toward mutual regard , if we knew that law took seriously spirit murder law becomes a critical tool in making visible mutual vulnerability , and in demanding indebtedness to each other black women’s social location as a starting point advocates for tailoring law to address injuries in particular ways legal action can be individualized , intimate , and rooted in lived experience refuse d the lure of negative affects to grieve and mourn law might be a space of black women’s survival rather than simply wounding it upends the tenet that black women’s freedom comes exclusively through spaces authored , and


Question: law and violence

It can be remade in ways that challenge violence.

Nash, 19—Professor of Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies at Duke University (Jennifer, “love in the time of death,” Black Feminism Reimagined: After Intersectionality, Chapter 4, 121-126, dml)

this eschews a singular history that presumes the violence of the juridical ignoring law as a site for staging productive intimacies and enacting radical vulnerabilities critical interrogations of progress offered ways of imagining law otherwise They advanced new methods to jam the fictions of neutrality to radically remake law , to push the boundaries of how doctrine could be written to make law unimaginable the endeavor is to imagine a legal project to attend to violence on the psyche we might feel differently toward each other if we had legal obligations toward mutual regard , if we knew that law took seriously spirit murder law becomes a critical tool in making visible mutual vulnerability , and in demanding indebtedness to each other black women’s social location as a starting point advocates for tailoring law to address injuries in particular ways legal action can be individualized , intimate , and rooted in lived experience refuse d the lure of negative affects to grieve and mourn law might be a space of black women’s survival rather than simply wounding it upends the tenet that black women’s freedom comes exclusively through spaces authored , and


Question: law challenges violence

It can be remade in ways that challenge violence.

Nash, 19—Professor of Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies at Duke University (Jennifer, “love in the time of death,” Black Feminism Reimagined: After Intersectionality, Chapter 4, 121-126, dml)

this eschews a singular history that presumes the violence of the juridical ignoring law as a site for staging productive intimacies and enacting radical vulnerabilities critical interrogations of progress offered ways of imagining law otherwise They advanced new methods to jam the fictions of neutrality to radically remake law , to push the boundaries of how doctrine could be written to make law unimaginable the endeavor is to imagine a legal project to attend to violence on the psyche we might feel differently toward each other if we had legal obligations toward mutual regard , if we knew that law took seriously spirit murder law becomes a critical tool in making visible mutual vulnerability , and in demanding indebtedness to each other black women’s social location as a starting point advocates for tailoring law to address injuries in particular ways legal action can be individualized , intimate , and rooted in lived experience refuse d the lure of negative affects to grieve and mourn law might be a space of black women’s survival rather than simply wounding it upends the tenet that black women’s freedom comes exclusively through spaces authored , and


Question: juridical violence

It can be remade in ways that challenge violence.

Nash, 19—Professor of Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies at Duke University (Jennifer, “love in the time of death,” Black Feminism Reimagined: After Intersectionality, Chapter 4, 121-126, dml)

this eschews a singular history that presumes the violence of the juridical ignoring law as a site for staging productive intimacies and enacting radical vulnerabilities critical interrogations of progress offered ways of imagining law otherwise They advanced new methods to jam the fictions of neutrality to radically remake law , to push the boundaries of how doctrine could be written to make law unimaginable the endeavor is to imagine a legal project to attend to violence on the psyche we might feel differently toward each other if we had legal obligations toward mutual regard , if we knew that law took seriously spirit murder law becomes a critical tool in making visible mutual vulnerability , and in demanding indebtedness to each other black women’s social location as a starting point advocates for tailoring law to address injuries in particular ways legal action can be individualized , intimate , and rooted in lived experience refuse d the lure of negative affects to grieve and mourn law might be a space of black women’s survival rather than simply wounding it upends the tenet that black women’s freedom comes exclusively through spaces authored , and


Question: radical vulnerabilities

It can be remade in ways that challenge violence.

Nash, 19—Professor of Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies at Duke University (Jennifer, “love in the time of death,” Black Feminism Reimagined: After Intersectionality, Chapter 4, 121-126, dml)

this eschews a singular history that presumes the violence of the juridical ignoring law as a site for staging productive intimacies and enacting radical vulnerabilities critical interrogations of progress offered ways of imagining law otherwise They advanced new methods to jam the fictions of neutrality to radically remake law , to push the boundaries of how doctrine could be written to make law unimaginable the endeavor is to imagine a legal project to attend to violence on the psyche we might feel differently toward each other if we had legal obligations toward mutual regard , if we knew that law took seriously spirit murder law becomes a critical tool in making visible mutual vulnerability , and in demanding indebtedness to each other black women’s social location as a starting point advocates for tailoring law to address injuries in particular ways legal action can be individualized , intimate , and rooted in lived experience refuse d the lure of negative affects to grieve and mourn law might be a space of black women’s survival rather than simply wounding it upends the tenet that black women’s freedom comes exclusively through spaces authored , and


Question: legal obligations toward mutual regard

It can be remade in ways that challenge violence.

Nash, 19—Professor of Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies at Duke University (Jennifer, “love in the time of death,” Black Feminism Reimagined: After Intersectionality, Chapter 4, 121-126, dml)

this eschews a singular history that presumes the violence of the juridical ignoring law as a site for staging productive intimacies and enacting radical vulnerabilities critical interrogations of progress offered ways of imagining law otherwise They advanced new methods to jam the fictions of neutrality to radically remake law , to push the boundaries of how doctrine could be written to make law unimaginable the endeavor is to imagine a legal project to attend to violence on the psyche we might feel differently toward each other if we had legal obligations toward mutual regard , if we knew that law took seriously spirit murder law becomes a critical tool in making visible mutual vulnerability , and in demanding indebtedness to each other black women’s social location as a starting point advocates for tailoring law to address injuries in particular ways legal action can be individualized , intimate , and rooted in lived experience refuse d the lure of negative affects to grieve and mourn law might be a space of black women’s survival rather than simply wounding it upends the tenet that black women’s freedom comes exclusively through spaces authored , and


Question: unchecked war powers escalate conflict

Unchecked war powers cause conflict escalation globally.

Ted Galen Carpenter 22. Senior Fellow at CATO. “Congress Is Willingly Abdicating Its War Powers Again.” 6/14/22. https://www.cato.org/commentary/congress-willingly-abdicating-its-war-powers-again

The Constitution gives Congress authority Yet the U S has launched a dozen presidential wars T he failure of Congress has been dereliction of duty Congressional attitudes could lead to dangerous entanglements Ukraine and Taiwan There is surging sentiment to replace ambiguity with clarity There is absence of willingness to rein Biden  as he deepens involvement in Russia abdication of the war power has been a factor in the proliferation  of  ill ‐ conceived disastrous interventions


Question: Ted Galen Carpenter 22

Unchecked war powers cause conflict escalation globally.

Ted Galen Carpenter 22. Senior Fellow at CATO. “Congress Is Willingly Abdicating Its War Powers Again.” 6/14/22. https://www.cato.org/commentary/congress-willingly-abdicating-its-war-powers-again

The Constitution gives Congress authority Yet the U S has launched a dozen presidential wars T he failure of Congress has been dereliction of duty Congressional attitudes could lead to dangerous entanglements Ukraine and Taiwan There is surging sentiment to replace ambiguity with clarity There is absence of willingness to rein Biden  as he deepens involvement in Russia abdication of the war power has been a factor in the proliferation  of  ill ‐ conceived disastrous interventions


Question: CATO war powers

Unchecked war powers cause conflict escalation globally.

Ted Galen Carpenter 22. Senior Fellow at CATO. “Congress Is Willingly Abdicating Its War Powers Again.” 6/14/22. https://www.cato.org/commentary/congress-willingly-abdicating-its-war-powers-again

The Constitution gives Congress authority Yet the U S has launched a dozen presidential wars T he failure of Congress has been dereliction of duty Congressional attitudes could lead to dangerous entanglements Ukraine and Taiwan There is surging sentiment to replace ambiguity with clarity There is absence of willingness to rein Biden  as he deepens involvement in Russia abdication of the war power has been a factor in the proliferation  of  ill ‐ conceived disastrous interventions


Question: Congress abdication of duty

Unchecked war powers cause conflict escalation globally.

Ted Galen Carpenter 22. Senior Fellow at CATO. “Congress Is Willingly Abdicating Its War Powers Again.” 6/14/22. https://www.cato.org/commentary/congress-willingly-abdicating-its-war-powers-again

The Constitution gives Congress authority Yet the U S has launched a dozen presidential wars T he failure of Congress has been dereliction of duty Congressional attitudes could lead to dangerous entanglements Ukraine and Taiwan There is surging sentiment to replace ambiguity with clarity There is absence of willingness to rein Biden  as he deepens involvement in Russia abdication of the war power has been a factor in the proliferation  of  ill ‐ conceived disastrous interventions


Question: presidential wars

Unchecked war powers cause conflict escalation globally.

Ted Galen Carpenter 22. Senior Fellow at CATO. “Congress Is Willingly Abdicating Its War Powers Again.” 6/14/22. https://www.cato.org/commentary/congress-willingly-abdicating-its-war-powers-again

The Constitution gives Congress authority Yet the U S has launched a dozen presidential wars T he failure of Congress has been dereliction of duty Congressional attitudes could lead to dangerous entanglements Ukraine and Taiwan There is surging sentiment to replace ambiguity with clarity There is absence of willingness to rein Biden  as he deepens involvement in Russia abdication of the war power has been a factor in the proliferation  of  ill ‐ conceived disastrous interventions


Question: war powers Congress

Unchecked war powers cause conflict escalation globally.

Ted Galen Carpenter 22. Senior Fellow at CATO. “Congress Is Willingly Abdicating Its War Powers Again.” 6/14/22. https://www.cato.org/commentary/congress-willingly-abdicating-its-war-powers-again

The Constitution gives Congress authority Yet the U S has launched a dozen presidential wars T he failure of Congress has been dereliction of duty Congressional attitudes could lead to dangerous entanglements Ukraine and Taiwan There is surging sentiment to replace ambiguity with clarity There is absence of willingness to rein Biden  as he deepens involvement in Russia abdication of the war power has been a factor in the proliferation  of  ill ‐ conceived disastrous interventions


Question: Ukraine and Taiwan

Unchecked war powers cause conflict escalation globally.

Ted Galen Carpenter 22. Senior Fellow at CATO. “Congress Is Willingly Abdicating Its War Powers Again.” 6/14/22. https://www.cato.org/commentary/congress-willingly-abdicating-its-war-powers-again

The Constitution gives Congress authority Yet the U S has launched a dozen presidential wars T he failure of Congress has been dereliction of duty Congressional attitudes could lead to dangerous entanglements Ukraine and Taiwan There is surging sentiment to replace ambiguity with clarity There is absence of willingness to rein Biden  as he deepens involvement in Russia abdication of the war power has been a factor in the proliferation  of  ill ‐ conceived disastrous interventions


Question: war powers bad

Unchecked war powers cause conflict escalation globally.

Ted Galen Carpenter 22. Senior Fellow at CATO. “Congress Is Willingly Abdicating Its War Powers Again.” 6/14/22. https://www.cato.org/commentary/congress-willingly-abdicating-its-war-powers-again

The Constitution gives Congress authority Yet the U S has launched a dozen presidential wars T he failure of Congress has been dereliction of duty Congressional attitudes could lead to dangerous entanglements Ukraine and Taiwan There is surging sentiment to replace ambiguity with clarity There is absence of willingness to rein Biden  as he deepens involvement in Russia abdication of the war power has been a factor in the proliferation  of  ill ‐ conceived disastrous interventions


Question: tax incentivizes innovation competitiveness and jobs

The tax incentivizes innovation, relieves taxes elsewhere, increases competitiveness and jobs

Kitakufe 24 (DOREEN KITAKUFE Maharishi International University, Fairfield, SHALLON ASIIMIRE Kalmar US, COURAGE OBOFONI ESECHIE Southern University, Baton Rouge , THOMAS ANDREW WALUGEMBE Maharishi International University, Fairfield Iowa , MARK SEKINOBE Maharishi International University ; OLUWASEUN RAFIU ADESANYA Maharishi International University, August 2024, "Strategies for Sustainable Development: The Role of Eco-Taxation and Renewable Energy Investment in the United States", Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, vol. 8 Issue 2, https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1706158.pdf) – MoState JG

eco-tax stimulus to innovation and new market opportunities green tech and renewable cost for pollution incentive r and  d more efficient fuels funding infrastructure and tax reductions elsewhere offset any negative impact on econ tax support growth by shifting burden away from labor and capital towards environmental degradation creating sustainable employment and reducing health costs drop in emissions without detrimental effect because of recycling revenue spur job creation in green tech investment  in green energy generate more jobs per dollar employment impact positive eco-taxes enhance competitiveness innovation and efficiency level field through b c a renewable increasingly competitive


Question: Kitakufe 24

The tax incentivizes innovation, relieves taxes elsewhere, increases competitiveness and jobs

Kitakufe 24 (DOREEN KITAKUFE Maharishi International University, Fairfield, SHALLON ASIIMIRE Kalmar US, COURAGE OBOFONI ESECHIE Southern University, Baton Rouge , THOMAS ANDREW WALUGEMBE Maharishi International University, Fairfield Iowa , MARK SEKINOBE Maharishi International University ; OLUWASEUN RAFIU ADESANYA Maharishi International University, August 2024, "Strategies for Sustainable Development: The Role of Eco-Taxation and Renewable Energy Investment in the United States", Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, vol. 8 Issue 2, https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1706158.pdf) – MoState JG

eco-tax stimulus to innovation and new market opportunities green tech and renewable cost for pollution incentive r and  d more efficient fuels funding infrastructure and tax reductions elsewhere offset any negative impact on econ tax support growth by shifting burden away from labor and capital towards environmental degradation creating sustainable employment and reducing health costs drop in emissions without detrimental effect because of recycling revenue spur job creation in green tech investment  in green energy generate more jobs per dollar employment impact positive eco-taxes enhance competitiveness innovation and efficiency level field through b c a renewable increasingly competitive


Question: eco-tax stimulus innovation

The tax incentivizes innovation, relieves taxes elsewhere, increases competitiveness and jobs

Kitakufe 24 (DOREEN KITAKUFE Maharishi International University, Fairfield, SHALLON ASIIMIRE Kalmar US, COURAGE OBOFONI ESECHIE Southern University, Baton Rouge , THOMAS ANDREW WALUGEMBE Maharishi International University, Fairfield Iowa , MARK SEKINOBE Maharishi International University ; OLUWASEUN RAFIU ADESANYA Maharishi International University, August 2024, "Strategies for Sustainable Development: The Role of Eco-Taxation and Renewable Energy Investment in the United States", Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, vol. 8 Issue 2, https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1706158.pdf) – MoState JG

eco-tax stimulus to innovation and new market opportunities green tech and renewable cost for pollution incentive r and  d more efficient fuels funding infrastructure and tax reductions elsewhere offset any negative impact on econ tax support growth by shifting burden away from labor and capital towards environmental degradation creating sustainable employment and reducing health costs drop in emissions without detrimental effect because of recycling revenue spur job creation in green tech investment  in green energy generate more jobs per dollar employment impact positive eco-taxes enhance competitiveness innovation and efficiency level field through b c a renewable increasingly competitive


Question: eco-tax shift away from labor

The tax incentivizes innovation, relieves taxes elsewhere, increases competitiveness and jobs

Kitakufe 24 (DOREEN KITAKUFE Maharishi International University, Fairfield, SHALLON ASIIMIRE Kalmar US, COURAGE OBOFONI ESECHIE Southern University, Baton Rouge , THOMAS ANDREW WALUGEMBE Maharishi International University, Fairfield Iowa , MARK SEKINOBE Maharishi International University ; OLUWASEUN RAFIU ADESANYA Maharishi International University, August 2024, "Strategies for Sustainable Development: The Role of Eco-Taxation and Renewable Energy Investment in the United States", Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, vol. 8 Issue 2, https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1706158.pdf) – MoState JG

eco-tax stimulus to innovation and new market opportunities green tech and renewable cost for pollution incentive r and  d more efficient fuels funding infrastructure and tax reductions elsewhere offset any negative impact on econ tax support growth by shifting burden away from labor and capital towards environmental degradation creating sustainable employment and reducing health costs drop in emissions without detrimental effect because of recycling revenue spur job creation in green tech investment  in green energy generate more jobs per dollar employment impact positive eco-taxes enhance competitiveness innovation and efficiency level field through b c a renewable increasingly competitive


Question: eco-taxes enhance competitiveness

The tax incentivizes innovation, relieves taxes elsewhere, increases competitiveness and jobs

Kitakufe 24 (DOREEN KITAKUFE Maharishi International University, Fairfield, SHALLON ASIIMIRE Kalmar US, COURAGE OBOFONI ESECHIE Southern University, Baton Rouge , THOMAS ANDREW WALUGEMBE Maharishi International University, Fairfield Iowa , MARK SEKINOBE Maharishi International University ; OLUWASEUN RAFIU ADESANYA Maharishi International University, August 2024, "Strategies for Sustainable Development: The Role of Eco-Taxation and Renewable Energy Investment in the United States", Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, vol. 8 Issue 2, https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1706158.pdf) – MoState JG

eco-tax stimulus to innovation and new market opportunities green tech and renewable cost for pollution incentive r and  d more efficient fuels funding infrastructure and tax reductions elsewhere offset any negative impact on econ tax support growth by shifting burden away from labor and capital towards environmental degradation creating sustainable employment and reducing health costs drop in emissions without detrimental effect because of recycling revenue spur job creation in green tech investment  in green energy generate more jobs per dollar employment impact positive eco-taxes enhance competitiveness innovation and efficiency level field through b c a renewable increasingly competitive


Question: tax reductions elsewhere

The tax incentivizes innovation, relieves taxes elsewhere, increases competitiveness and jobs

Kitakufe 24 (DOREEN KITAKUFE Maharishi International University, Fairfield, SHALLON ASIIMIRE Kalmar US, COURAGE OBOFONI ESECHIE Southern University, Baton Rouge , THOMAS ANDREW WALUGEMBE Maharishi International University, Fairfield Iowa , MARK SEKINOBE Maharishi International University ; OLUWASEUN RAFIU ADESANYA Maharishi International University, August 2024, "Strategies for Sustainable Development: The Role of Eco-Taxation and Renewable Energy Investment in the United States", Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, vol. 8 Issue 2, https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1706158.pdf) – MoState JG

eco-tax stimulus to innovation and new market opportunities green tech and renewable cost for pollution incentive r and  d more efficient fuels funding infrastructure and tax reductions elsewhere offset any negative impact on econ tax support growth by shifting burden away from labor and capital towards environmental degradation creating sustainable employment and reducing health costs drop in emissions without detrimental effect because of recycling revenue spur job creation in green tech investment  in green energy generate more jobs per dollar employment impact positive eco-taxes enhance competitiveness innovation and efficiency level field through b c a renewable increasingly competitive


Question: tax support growth

The tax incentivizes innovation, relieves taxes elsewhere, increases competitiveness and jobs

Kitakufe 24 (DOREEN KITAKUFE Maharishi International University, Fairfield, SHALLON ASIIMIRE Kalmar US, COURAGE OBOFONI ESECHIE Southern University, Baton Rouge , THOMAS ANDREW WALUGEMBE Maharishi International University, Fairfield Iowa , MARK SEKINOBE Maharishi International University ; OLUWASEUN RAFIU ADESANYA Maharishi International University, August 2024, "Strategies for Sustainable Development: The Role of Eco-Taxation and Renewable Energy Investment in the United States", Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, vol. 8 Issue 2, https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1706158.pdf) – MoState JG

eco-tax stimulus to innovation and new market opportunities green tech and renewable cost for pollution incentive r and  d more efficient fuels funding infrastructure and tax reductions elsewhere offset any negative impact on econ tax support growth by shifting burden away from labor and capital towards environmental degradation creating sustainable employment and reducing health costs drop in emissions without detrimental effect because of recycling revenue spur job creation in green tech investment  in green energy generate more jobs per dollar employment impact positive eco-taxes enhance competitiveness innovation and efficiency level field through b c a renewable increasingly competitive


Question: renewable increasingly competitive

The tax incentivizes innovation, relieves taxes elsewhere, increases competitiveness and jobs

Kitakufe 24 (DOREEN KITAKUFE Maharishi International University, Fairfield, SHALLON ASIIMIRE Kalmar US, COURAGE OBOFONI ESECHIE Southern University, Baton Rouge , THOMAS ANDREW WALUGEMBE Maharishi International University, Fairfield Iowa , MARK SEKINOBE Maharishi International University ; OLUWASEUN RAFIU ADESANYA Maharishi International University, August 2024, "Strategies for Sustainable Development: The Role of Eco-Taxation and Renewable Energy Investment in the United States", Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, vol. 8 Issue 2, https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1706158.pdf) – MoState JG

eco-tax stimulus to innovation and new market opportunities green tech and renewable cost for pollution incentive r and  d more efficient fuels funding infrastructure and tax reductions elsewhere offset any negative impact on econ tax support growth by shifting burden away from labor and capital towards environmental degradation creating sustainable employment and reducing health costs drop in emissions without detrimental effect because of recycling revenue spur job creation in green tech investment  in green energy generate more jobs per dollar employment impact positive eco-taxes enhance competitiveness innovation and efficiency level field through b c a renewable increasingly competitive


Question: Federal action key

Federal action is key. States can’t impose border tariffs necessary for climate clubs.

Nick Martin and Dr. Jeroen van den Bergh 19. Joint European Master in Environmental Studies - Cities & Sustainability, ICTA-UAB and Technische Universität Hamburg. Endowed Professor, Faculty of Science, Environmental Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; PhD, Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. “A multi-level climate club with national and sub-national members: theory and application to US states.” Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 14, No. 12. 2019. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5045/meta.

Climate clubs discussions assume national actors membership could be sub-national Nevertheless sub-national governments are unlikely capable  of imposing trade barriers on imports it is doubtful states within the U S could legally impose trade restrictions on other countries Article 1 section 10 prevents  states imposing on foreign countries unless permitted by Congress Such actions have proven difficult and seem very unlikely by the current legislative branch


Question: Nick Martin and Jeroen van den Bergh

Federal action is key. States can’t impose border tariffs necessary for climate clubs.

Nick Martin and Dr. Jeroen van den Bergh 19. Joint European Master in Environmental Studies - Cities & Sustainability, ICTA-UAB and Technische Universität Hamburg. Endowed Professor, Faculty of Science, Environmental Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; PhD, Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. “A multi-level climate club with national and sub-national members: theory and application to US states.” Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 14, No. 12. 2019. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5045/meta.

Climate clubs discussions assume national actors membership could be sub-national Nevertheless sub-national governments are unlikely capable  of imposing trade barriers on imports it is doubtful states within the U S could legally impose trade restrictions on other countries Article 1 section 10 prevents  states imposing on foreign countries unless permitted by Congress Such actions have proven difficult and seem very unlikely by the current legislative branch


Question: climate clubs border tariffs

Federal action is key. States can’t impose border tariffs necessary for climate clubs.

Nick Martin and Dr. Jeroen van den Bergh 19. Joint European Master in Environmental Studies - Cities & Sustainability, ICTA-UAB and Technische Universität Hamburg. Endowed Professor, Faculty of Science, Environmental Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; PhD, Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. “A multi-level climate club with national and sub-national members: theory and application to US states.” Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 14, No. 12. 2019. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5045/meta.

Climate clubs discussions assume national actors membership could be sub-national Nevertheless sub-national governments are unlikely capable  of imposing trade barriers on imports it is doubtful states within the U S could legally impose trade restrictions on other countries Article 1 section 10 prevents  states imposing on foreign countries unless permitted by Congress Such actions have proven difficult and seem very unlikely by the current legislative branch


Question: federal action is key

Federal action is key. States can’t impose border tariffs necessary for climate clubs.

Nick Martin and Dr. Jeroen van den Bergh 19. Joint European Master in Environmental Studies - Cities & Sustainability, ICTA-UAB and Technische Universität Hamburg. Endowed Professor, Faculty of Science, Environmental Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; PhD, Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. “A multi-level climate club with national and sub-national members: theory and application to US states.” Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 14, No. 12. 2019. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5045/meta.

Climate clubs discussions assume national actors membership could be sub-national Nevertheless sub-national governments are unlikely capable  of imposing trade barriers on imports it is doubtful states within the U S could legally impose trade restrictions on other countries Article 1 section 10 prevents  states imposing on foreign countries unless permitted by Congress Such actions have proven difficult and seem very unlikely by the current legislative branch


Question: states cant impose tariffs

Federal action is key. States can’t impose border tariffs necessary for climate clubs.

Nick Martin and Dr. Jeroen van den Bergh 19. Joint European Master in Environmental Studies - Cities & Sustainability, ICTA-UAB and Technische Universität Hamburg. Endowed Professor, Faculty of Science, Environmental Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; PhD, Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. “A multi-level climate club with national and sub-national members: theory and application to US states.” Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 14, No. 12. 2019. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5045/meta.

Climate clubs discussions assume national actors membership could be sub-national Nevertheless sub-national governments are unlikely capable  of imposing trade barriers on imports it is doubtful states within the U S could legally impose trade restrictions on other countries Article 1 section 10 prevents  states imposing on foreign countries unless permitted by Congress Such actions have proven difficult and seem very unlikely by the current legislative branch


Question: sub-national climate clubs

Federal action is key. States can’t impose border tariffs necessary for climate clubs.

Nick Martin and Dr. Jeroen van den Bergh 19. Joint European Master in Environmental Studies - Cities & Sustainability, ICTA-UAB and Technische Universität Hamburg. Endowed Professor, Faculty of Science, Environmental Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; PhD, Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. “A multi-level climate club with national and sub-national members: theory and application to US states.” Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 14, No. 12. 2019. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5045/meta.

Climate clubs discussions assume national actors membership could be sub-national Nevertheless sub-national governments are unlikely capable  of imposing trade barriers on imports it is doubtful states within the U S could legally impose trade restrictions on other countries Article 1 section 10 prevents  states imposing on foreign countries unless permitted by Congress Such actions have proven difficult and seem very unlikely by the current legislative branch


Question: national actors membership

Federal action is key. States can’t impose border tariffs necessary for climate clubs.

Nick Martin and Dr. Jeroen van den Bergh 19. Joint European Master in Environmental Studies - Cities & Sustainability, ICTA-UAB and Technische Universität Hamburg. Endowed Professor, Faculty of Science, Environmental Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; PhD, Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. “A multi-level climate club with national and sub-national members: theory and application to US states.” Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 14, No. 12. 2019. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5045/meta.

Climate clubs discussions assume national actors membership could be sub-national Nevertheless sub-national governments are unlikely capable  of imposing trade barriers on imports it is doubtful states within the U S could legally impose trade restrictions on other countries Article 1 section 10 prevents  states imposing on foreign countries unless permitted by Congress Such actions have proven difficult and seem very unlikely by the current legislative branch


Question: climate clubs trade barriers

Federal action is key. States can’t impose border tariffs necessary for climate clubs.

Nick Martin and Dr. Jeroen van den Bergh 19. Joint European Master in Environmental Studies - Cities & Sustainability, ICTA-UAB and Technische Universität Hamburg. Endowed Professor, Faculty of Science, Environmental Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; PhD, Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. “A multi-level climate club with national and sub-national members: theory and application to US states.” Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 14, No. 12. 2019. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5045/meta.

Climate clubs discussions assume national actors membership could be sub-national Nevertheless sub-national governments are unlikely capable  of imposing trade barriers on imports it is doubtful states within the U S could legally impose trade restrictions on other countries Article 1 section 10 prevents  states imposing on foreign countries unless permitted by Congress Such actions have proven difficult and seem very unlikely by the current legislative branch


Question: Distraction siphons attention from inflation

4. TRADEOFF. The plan’s distraction siphons attention from inflation

Lastra 23, *LLM @ Harvard, PhD @ Madrid University, Chair in Banking Law, Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary University of London. **JD @ Yale, Assistant Professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Co-Director of the Wharton Initiative on Financial Policy and Regulation. (*Rosa María and **Christina Parajon Skinner, “Sustainable Central Banking,” Virginia Journal off International Law, Vol. 63:3, p. 429-430, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f0a3654a47d231c00ccd14f/t/64dd42b7e2566f6d52f7c567/1692222135355/Vol_63.3_Article_Skinner_Lastra.pdf)

Focus on climate may divert scarce resources from attending to other components of the c b ’s remit or create the impression c b s have become overly stretched and fallen on their core responsibility


Question: Lastra 23

4. TRADEOFF. The plan’s distraction siphons attention from inflation

Lastra 23, *LLM @ Harvard, PhD @ Madrid University, Chair in Banking Law, Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary University of London. **JD @ Yale, Assistant Professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Co-Director of the Wharton Initiative on Financial Policy and Regulation. (*Rosa María and **Christina Parajon Skinner, “Sustainable Central Banking,” Virginia Journal off International Law, Vol. 63:3, p. 429-430, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f0a3654a47d231c00ccd14f/t/64dd42b7e2566f6d52f7c567/1692222135355/Vol_63.3_Article_Skinner_Lastra.pdf)

Focus on climate may divert scarce resources from attending to other components of the c b ’s remit or create the impression c b s have become overly stretched and fallen on their core responsibility


Question: Rosa María Lastra

4. TRADEOFF. The plan’s distraction siphons attention from inflation

Lastra 23, *LLM @ Harvard, PhD @ Madrid University, Chair in Banking Law, Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary University of London. **JD @ Yale, Assistant Professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Co-Director of the Wharton Initiative on Financial Policy and Regulation. (*Rosa María and **Christina Parajon Skinner, “Sustainable Central Banking,” Virginia Journal off International Law, Vol. 63:3, p. 429-430, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f0a3654a47d231c00ccd14f/t/64dd42b7e2566f6d52f7c567/1692222135355/Vol_63.3_Article_Skinner_Lastra.pdf)

Focus on climate may divert scarce resources from attending to other components of the c b ’s remit or create the impression c b s have become overly stretched and fallen on their core responsibility


Question: Climate focus diverts resources

4. TRADEOFF. The plan’s distraction siphons attention from inflation

Lastra 23, *LLM @ Harvard, PhD @ Madrid University, Chair in Banking Law, Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary University of London. **JD @ Yale, Assistant Professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Co-Director of the Wharton Initiative on Financial Policy and Regulation. (*Rosa María and **Christina Parajon Skinner, “Sustainable Central Banking,” Virginia Journal off International Law, Vol. 63:3, p. 429-430, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f0a3654a47d231c00ccd14f/t/64dd42b7e2566f6d52f7c567/1692222135355/Vol_63.3_Article_Skinner_Lastra.pdf)

Focus on climate may divert scarce resources from attending to other components of the c b ’s remit or create the impression c b s have become overly stretched and fallen on their core responsibility


Question: CBs overly stretched

4. TRADEOFF. The plan’s distraction siphons attention from inflation

Lastra 23, *LLM @ Harvard, PhD @ Madrid University, Chair in Banking Law, Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary University of London. **JD @ Yale, Assistant Professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Co-Director of the Wharton Initiative on Financial Policy and Regulation. (*Rosa María and **Christina Parajon Skinner, “Sustainable Central Banking,” Virginia Journal off International Law, Vol. 63:3, p. 429-430, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f0a3654a47d231c00ccd14f/t/64dd42b7e2566f6d52f7c567/1692222135355/Vol_63.3_Article_Skinner_Lastra.pdf)

Focus on climate may divert scarce resources from attending to other components of the c b ’s remit or create the impression c b s have become overly stretched and fallen on their core responsibility


Question: central bank core responsibility

4. TRADEOFF. The plan’s distraction siphons attention from inflation

Lastra 23, *LLM @ Harvard, PhD @ Madrid University, Chair in Banking Law, Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary University of London. **JD @ Yale, Assistant Professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Co-Director of the Wharton Initiative on Financial Policy and Regulation. (*Rosa María and **Christina Parajon Skinner, “Sustainable Central Banking,” Virginia Journal off International Law, Vol. 63:3, p. 429-430, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f0a3654a47d231c00ccd14f/t/64dd42b7e2566f6d52f7c567/1692222135355/Vol_63.3_Article_Skinner_Lastra.pdf)

Focus on climate may divert scarce resources from attending to other components of the c b ’s remit or create the impression c b s have become overly stretched and fallen on their core responsibility


Question: Sustainable Central Banking

4. TRADEOFF. The plan’s distraction siphons attention from inflation

Lastra 23, *LLM @ Harvard, PhD @ Madrid University, Chair in Banking Law, Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary University of London. **JD @ Yale, Assistant Professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Co-Director of the Wharton Initiative on Financial Policy and Regulation. (*Rosa María and **Christina Parajon Skinner, “Sustainable Central Banking,” Virginia Journal off International Law, Vol. 63:3, p. 429-430, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f0a3654a47d231c00ccd14f/t/64dd42b7e2566f6d52f7c567/1692222135355/Vol_63.3_Article_Skinner_Lastra.pdf)

Focus on climate may divert scarce resources from attending to other components of the c b ’s remit or create the impression c b s have become overly stretched and fallen on their core responsibility


Question: No link Harris

No link---it’s not tied to Harris.

Marc A. Thiessen. 24. fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and the former chief speechwriter for President George W. Bush. “A sitting VP has won once in 188 years. Harris isn’t likely to be next.”. The Washington Post. 8-27-24. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/08/27/kamal-harris-election-sitting-vp/

Harris is running as insurgent treating Trump as incumbent strategy is working poll finds 64 percent say Harris had little influence on Biden’s economic policies


Question: Thiessen 24

No link---it’s not tied to Harris.

Marc A. Thiessen. 24. fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and the former chief speechwriter for President George W. Bush. “A sitting VP has won once in 188 years. Harris isn’t likely to be next.”. The Washington Post. 8-27-24. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/08/27/kamal-harris-election-sitting-vp/

Harris is running as insurgent treating Trump as incumbent strategy is working poll finds 64 percent say Harris had little influence on Biden’s economic policies


Question: Harris little influence on Biden

No link---it’s not tied to Harris.

Marc A. Thiessen. 24. fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and the former chief speechwriter for President George W. Bush. “A sitting VP has won once in 188 years. Harris isn’t likely to be next.”. The Washington Post. 8-27-24. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/08/27/kamal-harris-election-sitting-vp/

Harris is running as insurgent treating Trump as incumbent strategy is working poll finds 64 percent say Harris had little influence on Biden’s economic policies


Question: Harris running as insurgent

No link---it’s not tied to Harris.

Marc A. Thiessen. 24. fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and the former chief speechwriter for President George W. Bush. “A sitting VP has won once in 188 years. Harris isn’t likely to be next.”. The Washington Post. 8-27-24. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/08/27/kamal-harris-election-sitting-vp/

Harris is running as insurgent treating Trump as incumbent strategy is working poll finds 64 percent say Harris had little influence on Biden’s economic policies


Question: Harris VP no link

No link---it’s not tied to Harris.

Marc A. Thiessen. 24. fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and the former chief speechwriter for President George W. Bush. “A sitting VP has won once in 188 years. Harris isn’t likely to be next.”. The Washington Post. 8-27-24. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/08/27/kamal-harris-election-sitting-vp/

Harris is running as insurgent treating Trump as incumbent strategy is working poll finds 64 percent say Harris had little influence on Biden’s economic policies


Question: Kamala Harris

No link---it’s not tied to Harris.

Marc A. Thiessen. 24. fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and the former chief speechwriter for President George W. Bush. “A sitting VP has won once in 188 years. Harris isn’t likely to be next.”. The Washington Post. 8-27-24. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/08/27/kamal-harris-election-sitting-vp/

Harris is running as insurgent treating Trump as incumbent strategy is working poll finds 64 percent say Harris had little influence on Biden’s economic policies


Question: Biden economic policies

No link---it’s not tied to Harris.

Marc A. Thiessen. 24. fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and the former chief speechwriter for President George W. Bush. “A sitting VP has won once in 188 years. Harris isn’t likely to be next.”. The Washington Post. 8-27-24. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/08/27/kamal-harris-election-sitting-vp/

Harris is running as insurgent treating Trump as incumbent strategy is working poll finds 64 percent say Harris had little influence on Biden’s economic policies


Question: Global police order white supremacy

The global police order of white-supremacy is maintained through a fusing of juridical apparatuses with white bodily integrity such that racial geographies are terraformed into sites of extraction or waste --- not of just what is demarcated as nature, but of the very lifeworlds that Black, Brown, and Native people inhabit in make. Empire requires manufacturing ongoing racial apocalypses to pollute alternative forms of life with the toxicity of civility and the deathworlds it brings.

Dylan Rodriguez 10, “Suspended Apocalypse: White Supremacy, Genocide, and the Filipino Condition,” University of Minnesota Press, 2010,

“ juridical ordering ” shapes  “ disaster overfocus on bureaucratic fumblings normaliz violence against  “slaves and barbarians the lens of critical theorists demystify the architectures of death manufactured  in presumed inevitability chaos planned displacement “relief” and fatality illuminate global dominion of white  life as the collective project that precedes constitutes and  overdetermines  empire global white supremacy dis-/relocates machinery  of empire as “world order.” police power  neocolonial rule occupation perpetual war is the condition for empire Unless there are constant  racist violence “peace” — would implode. encompassing Empire as power does not subsume apartheid and genocidal white supremacy “police” power  is “normalcy” Empire is crisis mobilizations speak to contradictions ” of Empire justice will find no resolution the discourse of “ justice and peace is irrelevant structured irrelevance make sense why racial apocalypse bring forward resonances between black American premature death and Third World suffering normalized liquidation Unnatural black death , indigenous planned obsolescence constitutive of U.S. nation building war, disaster, and protogenocide central to neocolonial worlds Imagine the labor required to expose racially identifiable  “ civil population and racial geography to preventable death and mobiliz police and civil forces disaster ,  means end of  white liberal humanism survivors of colonialism share a belief in evil that evil inhabits and possesses the white world relationality to “others Liberal white humanism circulates a shared universal “human”  militarizing against threats to the white body white humanism can survive if capable of persistently reconstructing apparatus to accommodate materialization of evil in black New Orleans, Aeta Mt. Pinatubo, and so forth What does disaster tell us of evil? What happens when we look up and evil is armed absence and militarized neglect, intentional and institutional materialized through the white world’s persistent integrity in the face of incredible suffering


Question: Rodriguez 10

The global police order of white-supremacy is maintained through a fusing of juridical apparatuses with white bodily integrity such that racial geographies are terraformed into sites of extraction or waste --- not of just what is demarcated as nature, but of the very lifeworlds that Black, Brown, and Native people inhabit in make. Empire requires manufacturing ongoing racial apocalypses to pollute alternative forms of life with the toxicity of civility and the deathworlds it brings.

Dylan Rodriguez 10, “Suspended Apocalypse: White Supremacy, Genocide, and the Filipino Condition,” University of Minnesota Press, 2010,

“ juridical ordering ” shapes  “ disaster overfocus on bureaucratic fumblings normaliz violence against  “slaves and barbarians the lens of critical theorists demystify the architectures of death manufactured  in presumed inevitability chaos planned displacement “relief” and fatality illuminate global dominion of white  life as the collective project that precedes constitutes and  overdetermines  empire global white supremacy dis-/relocates machinery  of empire as “world order.” police power  neocolonial rule occupation perpetual war is the condition for empire Unless there are constant  racist violence “peace” — would implode. encompassing Empire as power does not subsume apartheid and genocidal white supremacy “police” power  is “normalcy” Empire is crisis mobilizations speak to contradictions ” of Empire justice will find no resolution the discourse of “ justice and peace is irrelevant structured irrelevance make sense why racial apocalypse bring forward resonances between black American premature death and Third World suffering normalized liquidation Unnatural black death , indigenous planned obsolescence constitutive of U.S. nation building war, disaster, and protogenocide central to neocolonial worlds Imagine the labor required to expose racially identifiable  “ civil population and racial geography to preventable death and mobiliz police and civil forces disaster ,  means end of  white liberal humanism survivors of colonialism share a belief in evil that evil inhabits and possesses the white world relationality to “others Liberal white humanism circulates a shared universal “human”  militarizing against threats to the white body white humanism can survive if capable of persistently reconstructing apparatus to accommodate materialization of evil in black New Orleans, Aeta Mt. Pinatubo, and so forth What does disaster tell us of evil? What happens when we look up and evil is armed absence and militarized neglect, intentional and institutional materialized through the white world’s persistent integrity in the face of incredible suffering


Question: Dylan Rodriguez white supremacy

The global police order of white-supremacy is maintained through a fusing of juridical apparatuses with white bodily integrity such that racial geographies are terraformed into sites of extraction or waste --- not of just what is demarcated as nature, but of the very lifeworlds that Black, Brown, and Native people inhabit in make. Empire requires manufacturing ongoing racial apocalypses to pollute alternative forms of life with the toxicity of civility and the deathworlds it brings.

Dylan Rodriguez 10, “Suspended Apocalypse: White Supremacy, Genocide, and the Filipino Condition,” University of Minnesota Press, 2010,

“ juridical ordering ” shapes  “ disaster overfocus on bureaucratic fumblings normaliz violence against  “slaves and barbarians the lens of critical theorists demystify the architectures of death manufactured  in presumed inevitability chaos planned displacement “relief” and fatality illuminate global dominion of white  life as the collective project that precedes constitutes and  overdetermines  empire global white supremacy dis-/relocates machinery  of empire as “world order.” police power  neocolonial rule occupation perpetual war is the condition for empire Unless there are constant  racist violence “peace” — would implode. encompassing Empire as power does not subsume apartheid and genocidal white supremacy “police” power  is “normalcy” Empire is crisis mobilizations speak to contradictions ” of Empire justice will find no resolution the discourse of “ justice and peace is irrelevant structured irrelevance make sense why racial apocalypse bring forward resonances between black American premature death and Third World suffering normalized liquidation Unnatural black death , indigenous planned obsolescence constitutive of U.S. nation building war, disaster, and protogenocide central to neocolonial worlds Imagine the labor required to expose racially identifiable  “ civil population and racial geography to preventable death and mobiliz police and civil forces disaster ,  means end of  white liberal humanism survivors of colonialism share a belief in evil that evil inhabits and possesses the white world relationality to “others Liberal white humanism circulates a shared universal “human”  militarizing against threats to the white body white humanism can survive if capable of persistently reconstructing apparatus to accommodate materialization of evil in black New Orleans, Aeta Mt. Pinatubo, and so forth What does disaster tell us of evil? What happens when we look up and evil is armed absence and militarized neglect, intentional and institutional materialized through the white world’s persistent integrity in the face of incredible suffering


Question: racial geographies

The global police order of white-supremacy is maintained through a fusing of juridical apparatuses with white bodily integrity such that racial geographies are terraformed into sites of extraction or waste --- not of just what is demarcated as nature, but of the very lifeworlds that Black, Brown, and Native people inhabit in make. Empire requires manufacturing ongoing racial apocalypses to pollute alternative forms of life with the toxicity of civility and the deathworlds it brings.

Dylan Rodriguez 10, “Suspended Apocalypse: White Supremacy, Genocide, and the Filipino Condition,” University of Minnesota Press, 2010,

“ juridical ordering ” shapes  “ disaster overfocus on bureaucratic fumblings normaliz violence against  “slaves and barbarians the lens of critical theorists demystify the architectures of death manufactured  in presumed inevitability chaos planned displacement “relief” and fatality illuminate global dominion of white  life as the collective project that precedes constitutes and  overdetermines  empire global white supremacy dis-/relocates machinery  of empire as “world order.” police power  neocolonial rule occupation perpetual war is the condition for empire Unless there are constant  racist violence “peace” — would implode. encompassing Empire as power does not subsume apartheid and genocidal white supremacy “police” power  is “normalcy” Empire is crisis mobilizations speak to contradictions ” of Empire justice will find no resolution the discourse of “ justice and peace is irrelevant structured irrelevance make sense why racial apocalypse bring forward resonances between black American premature death and Third World suffering normalized liquidation Unnatural black death , indigenous planned obsolescence constitutive of U.S. nation building war, disaster, and protogenocide central to neocolonial worlds Imagine the labor required to expose racially identifiable  “ civil population and racial geography to preventable death and mobiliz police and civil forces disaster ,  means end of  white liberal humanism survivors of colonialism share a belief in evil that evil inhabits and possesses the white world relationality to “others Liberal white humanism circulates a shared universal “human”  militarizing against threats to the white body white humanism can survive if capable of persistently reconstructing apparatus to accommodate materialization of evil in black New Orleans, Aeta Mt. Pinatubo, and so forth What does disaster tell us of evil? What happens when we look up and evil is armed absence and militarized neglect, intentional and institutional materialized through the white world’s persistent integrity in the face of incredible suffering


Question: white bodily integrity

The global police order of white-supremacy is maintained through a fusing of juridical apparatuses with white bodily integrity such that racial geographies are terraformed into sites of extraction or waste --- not of just what is demarcated as nature, but of the very lifeworlds that Black, Brown, and Native people inhabit in make. Empire requires manufacturing ongoing racial apocalypses to pollute alternative forms of life with the toxicity of civility and the deathworlds it brings.

Dylan Rodriguez 10, “Suspended Apocalypse: White Supremacy, Genocide, and the Filipino Condition,” University of Minnesota Press, 2010,

“ juridical ordering ” shapes  “ disaster overfocus on bureaucratic fumblings normaliz violence against  “slaves and barbarians the lens of critical theorists demystify the architectures of death manufactured  in presumed inevitability chaos planned displacement “relief” and fatality illuminate global dominion of white  life as the collective project that precedes constitutes and  overdetermines  empire global white supremacy dis-/relocates machinery  of empire as “world order.” police power  neocolonial rule occupation perpetual war is the condition for empire Unless there are constant  racist violence “peace” — would implode. encompassing Empire as power does not subsume apartheid and genocidal white supremacy “police” power  is “normalcy” Empire is crisis mobilizations speak to contradictions ” of Empire justice will find no resolution the discourse of “ justice and peace is irrelevant structured irrelevance make sense why racial apocalypse bring forward resonances between black American premature death and Third World suffering normalized liquidation Unnatural black death , indigenous planned obsolescence constitutive of U.S. nation building war, disaster, and protogenocide central to neocolonial worlds Imagine the labor required to expose racially identifiable  “ civil population and racial geography to preventable death and mobiliz police and civil forces disaster ,  means end of  white liberal humanism survivors of colonialism share a belief in evil that evil inhabits and possesses the white world relationality to “others Liberal white humanism circulates a shared universal “human”  militarizing against threats to the white body white humanism can survive if capable of persistently reconstructing apparatus to accommodate materialization of evil in black New Orleans, Aeta Mt. Pinatubo, and so forth What does disaster tell us of evil? What happens when we look up and evil is armed absence and militarized neglect, intentional and institutional materialized through the white world’s persistent integrity in the face of incredible suffering


Question: juridical apparatuses

The global police order of white-supremacy is maintained through a fusing of juridical apparatuses with white bodily integrity such that racial geographies are terraformed into sites of extraction or waste --- not of just what is demarcated as nature, but of the very lifeworlds that Black, Brown, and Native people inhabit in make. Empire requires manufacturing ongoing racial apocalypses to pollute alternative forms of life with the toxicity of civility and the deathworlds it brings.

Dylan Rodriguez 10, “Suspended Apocalypse: White Supremacy, Genocide, and the Filipino Condition,” University of Minnesota Press, 2010,

“ juridical ordering ” shapes  “ disaster overfocus on bureaucratic fumblings normaliz violence against  “slaves and barbarians the lens of critical theorists demystify the architectures of death manufactured  in presumed inevitability chaos planned displacement “relief” and fatality illuminate global dominion of white  life as the collective project that precedes constitutes and  overdetermines  empire global white supremacy dis-/relocates machinery  of empire as “world order.” police power  neocolonial rule occupation perpetual war is the condition for empire Unless there are constant  racist violence “peace” — would implode. encompassing Empire as power does not subsume apartheid and genocidal white supremacy “police” power  is “normalcy” Empire is crisis mobilizations speak to contradictions ” of Empire justice will find no resolution the discourse of “ justice and peace is irrelevant structured irrelevance make sense why racial apocalypse bring forward resonances between black American premature death and Third World suffering normalized liquidation Unnatural black death , indigenous planned obsolescence constitutive of U.S. nation building war, disaster, and protogenocide central to neocolonial worlds Imagine the labor required to expose racially identifiable  “ civil population and racial geography to preventable death and mobiliz police and civil forces disaster ,  means end of  white liberal humanism survivors of colonialism share a belief in evil that evil inhabits and possesses the white world relationality to “others Liberal white humanism circulates a shared universal “human”  militarizing against threats to the white body white humanism can survive if capable of persistently reconstructing apparatus to accommodate materialization of evil in black New Orleans, Aeta Mt. Pinatubo, and so forth What does disaster tell us of evil? What happens when we look up and evil is armed absence and militarized neglect, intentional and institutional materialized through the white world’s persistent integrity in the face of incredible suffering


Question: racial apocalypse

The global police order of white-supremacy is maintained through a fusing of juridical apparatuses with white bodily integrity such that racial geographies are terraformed into sites of extraction or waste --- not of just what is demarcated as nature, but of the very lifeworlds that Black, Brown, and Native people inhabit in make. Empire requires manufacturing ongoing racial apocalypses to pollute alternative forms of life with the toxicity of civility and the deathworlds it brings.

Dylan Rodriguez 10, “Suspended Apocalypse: White Supremacy, Genocide, and the Filipino Condition,” University of Minnesota Press, 2010,

“ juridical ordering ” shapes  “ disaster overfocus on bureaucratic fumblings normaliz violence against  “slaves and barbarians the lens of critical theorists demystify the architectures of death manufactured  in presumed inevitability chaos planned displacement “relief” and fatality illuminate global dominion of white  life as the collective project that precedes constitutes and  overdetermines  empire global white supremacy dis-/relocates machinery  of empire as “world order.” police power  neocolonial rule occupation perpetual war is the condition for empire Unless there are constant  racist violence “peace” — would implode. encompassing Empire as power does not subsume apartheid and genocidal white supremacy “police” power  is “normalcy” Empire is crisis mobilizations speak to contradictions ” of Empire justice will find no resolution the discourse of “ justice and peace is irrelevant structured irrelevance make sense why racial apocalypse bring forward resonances between black American premature death and Third World suffering normalized liquidation Unnatural black death , indigenous planned obsolescence constitutive of U.S. nation building war, disaster, and protogenocide central to neocolonial worlds Imagine the labor required to expose racially identifiable  “ civil population and racial geography to preventable death and mobiliz police and civil forces disaster ,  means end of  white liberal humanism survivors of colonialism share a belief in evil that evil inhabits and possesses the white world relationality to “others Liberal white humanism circulates a shared universal “human”  militarizing against threats to the white body white humanism can survive if capable of persistently reconstructing apparatus to accommodate materialization of evil in black New Orleans, Aeta Mt. Pinatubo, and so forth What does disaster tell us of evil? What happens when we look up and evil is armed absence and militarized neglect, intentional and institutional materialized through the white world’s persistent integrity in the face of incredible suffering


Question: empire requires ongoing racial apocalypses

The global police order of white-supremacy is maintained through a fusing of juridical apparatuses with white bodily integrity such that racial geographies are terraformed into sites of extraction or waste --- not of just what is demarcated as nature, but of the very lifeworlds that Black, Brown, and Native people inhabit in make. Empire requires manufacturing ongoing racial apocalypses to pollute alternative forms of life with the toxicity of civility and the deathworlds it brings.

Dylan Rodriguez 10, “Suspended Apocalypse: White Supremacy, Genocide, and the Filipino Condition,” University of Minnesota Press, 2010,

“ juridical ordering ” shapes  “ disaster overfocus on bureaucratic fumblings normaliz violence against  “slaves and barbarians the lens of critical theorists demystify the architectures of death manufactured  in presumed inevitability chaos planned displacement “relief” and fatality illuminate global dominion of white  life as the collective project that precedes constitutes and  overdetermines  empire global white supremacy dis-/relocates machinery  of empire as “world order.” police power  neocolonial rule occupation perpetual war is the condition for empire Unless there are constant  racist violence “peace” — would implode. encompassing Empire as power does not subsume apartheid and genocidal white supremacy “police” power  is “normalcy” Empire is crisis mobilizations speak to contradictions ” of Empire justice will find no resolution the discourse of “ justice and peace is irrelevant structured irrelevance make sense why racial apocalypse bring forward resonances between black American premature death and Third World suffering normalized liquidation Unnatural black death , indigenous planned obsolescence constitutive of U.S. nation building war, disaster, and protogenocide central to neocolonial worlds Imagine the labor required to expose racially identifiable  “ civil population and racial geography to preventable death and mobiliz police and civil forces disaster ,  means end of  white liberal humanism survivors of colonialism share a belief in evil that evil inhabits and possesses the white world relationality to “others Liberal white humanism circulates a shared universal “human”  militarizing against threats to the white body white humanism can survive if capable of persistently reconstructing apparatus to accommodate materialization of evil in black New Orleans, Aeta Mt. Pinatubo, and so forth What does disaster tell us of evil? What happens when we look up and evil is armed absence and militarized neglect, intentional and institutional materialized through the white world’s persistent integrity in the face of incredible suffering


Question: domestic tax and CBAM

The plan solves --- Only a domestic tax with accompanying CBAM can protect US companies while incentivizing global action.

Muresianu and Bray, 22 (Alex Muresianu and Sean Bray, Muresianu is a Senior Policy Analyst at the Tax Foundation, focused on federal tax policy. Bray is Director of European Policy at the Tax Foundation, where he researches international tax issues with a focus on tax policy in Europe. 11-03-2022, accessed 7-31-2024, Tax Foundation, "Carbon Taxes, Trade, and American Competitiveness", https://taxfoundation.org/research/all/federal/border-adjusted-carbon-tax-revenue/#Border)//Babcii

A carbon tax with a border adjustment U.S. carbon consumption placing a tax on carbon content of imports consumed domestically while exempting carbon content of exports not consumed domestically Consider tax emissions from goods domestically and exports domestic producers face a disadvantage problem can be solved with a border adjustment rebates for exports imported goods face a tax creates a level playing field a carbon tariff without a domestic carbon price. Without a domestic carbon price it could run afoul of international trade rules border adjustments eliminate concerns about leakages due to a carbon tax


Question: Muresianu and Bray 22

The plan solves --- Only a domestic tax with accompanying CBAM can protect US companies while incentivizing global action.

Muresianu and Bray, 22 (Alex Muresianu and Sean Bray, Muresianu is a Senior Policy Analyst at the Tax Foundation, focused on federal tax policy. Bray is Director of European Policy at the Tax Foundation, where he researches international tax issues with a focus on tax policy in Europe. 11-03-2022, accessed 7-31-2024, Tax Foundation, "Carbon Taxes, Trade, and American Competitiveness", https://taxfoundation.org/research/all/federal/border-adjusted-carbon-tax-revenue/#Border)//Babcii

A carbon tax with a border adjustment U.S. carbon consumption placing a tax on carbon content of imports consumed domestically while exempting carbon content of exports not consumed domestically Consider tax emissions from goods domestically and exports domestic producers face a disadvantage problem can be solved with a border adjustment rebates for exports imported goods face a tax creates a level playing field a carbon tariff without a domestic carbon price. Without a domestic carbon price it could run afoul of international trade rules border adjustments eliminate concerns about leakages due to a carbon tax


Question: carbon tax trade competitiveness

The plan solves --- Only a domestic tax with accompanying CBAM can protect US companies while incentivizing global action.

Muresianu and Bray, 22 (Alex Muresianu and Sean Bray, Muresianu is a Senior Policy Analyst at the Tax Foundation, focused on federal tax policy. Bray is Director of European Policy at the Tax Foundation, where he researches international tax issues with a focus on tax policy in Europe. 11-03-2022, accessed 7-31-2024, Tax Foundation, "Carbon Taxes, Trade, and American Competitiveness", https://taxfoundation.org/research/all/federal/border-adjusted-carbon-tax-revenue/#Border)//Babcii

A carbon tax with a border adjustment U.S. carbon consumption placing a tax on carbon content of imports consumed domestically while exempting carbon content of exports not consumed domestically Consider tax emissions from goods domestically and exports domestic producers face a disadvantage problem can be solved with a border adjustment rebates for exports imported goods face a tax creates a level playing field a carbon tariff without a domestic carbon price. Without a domestic carbon price it could run afoul of international trade rules border adjustments eliminate concerns about leakages due to a carbon tax


Question: US companies global action

The plan solves --- Only a domestic tax with accompanying CBAM can protect US companies while incentivizing global action.

Muresianu and Bray, 22 (Alex Muresianu and Sean Bray, Muresianu is a Senior Policy Analyst at the Tax Foundation, focused on federal tax policy. Bray is Director of European Policy at the Tax Foundation, where he researches international tax issues with a focus on tax policy in Europe. 11-03-2022, accessed 7-31-2024, Tax Foundation, "Carbon Taxes, Trade, and American Competitiveness", https://taxfoundation.org/research/all/federal/border-adjusted-carbon-tax-revenue/#Border)//Babcii

A carbon tax with a border adjustment U.S. carbon consumption placing a tax on carbon content of imports consumed domestically while exempting carbon content of exports not consumed domestically Consider tax emissions from goods domestically and exports domestic producers face a disadvantage problem can be solved with a border adjustment rebates for exports imported goods face a tax creates a level playing field a carbon tariff without a domestic carbon price. Without a domestic carbon price it could run afoul of international trade rules border adjustments eliminate concerns about leakages due to a carbon tax


Question: carbon tax with border adjustment

The plan solves --- Only a domestic tax with accompanying CBAM can protect US companies while incentivizing global action.

Muresianu and Bray, 22 (Alex Muresianu and Sean Bray, Muresianu is a Senior Policy Analyst at the Tax Foundation, focused on federal tax policy. Bray is Director of European Policy at the Tax Foundation, where he researches international tax issues with a focus on tax policy in Europe. 11-03-2022, accessed 7-31-2024, Tax Foundation, "Carbon Taxes, Trade, and American Competitiveness", https://taxfoundation.org/research/all/federal/border-adjusted-carbon-tax-revenue/#Border)//Babcii

A carbon tax with a border adjustment U.S. carbon consumption placing a tax on carbon content of imports consumed domestically while exempting carbon content of exports not consumed domestically Consider tax emissions from goods domestically and exports domestic producers face a disadvantage problem can be solved with a border adjustment rebates for exports imported goods face a tax creates a level playing field a carbon tariff without a domestic carbon price. Without a domestic carbon price it could run afoul of international trade rules border adjustments eliminate concerns about leakages due to a carbon tax