Question: social democracy hope policy

It is through this intimate investment into the fantastical power of social democracy that “hope policy rolls like tear gas into the undercommons”.

Demos 23 [Life in the Posthuman Condition. Chapter 5: “Climate Control: From Emergency to Emergence” T. J. Demos. Collection Edited by S. E. Wilmer and Audrone.  Žukauskaite ISBN 978 1 3995 0529 1. 2023//Spence]

if we consider  tear gas as the medium of climate emergency We face an entirely different politico-ecological calculus . counterinsurgency increasingly demands democratic authoritarian control . uprisings in Hong Kong San Juan Iraq Chile migrants crossing the border all answered with tear gas integral the response to opposition that bypasses conventional routes of negotiation . these revolutions offer important lessons for climate emergency With carbon the source is distributed, complex . tear gas grenades remain intimately intertwined, with energy, infrastructure and security . for environmentalists climate threatens civilisational collapse, attributed most immediately – and tellingly – to atmospheric carbon . urgency is misdirected . demands that governments ‘tell the truth’ about climate , ‘act now’ to decarbonise bypassi such groups as I E N which highlight racial and class climate disruption . deluded liberalism narrowly focus on carbon as the cause of emergency emptying activist rituals of traction . the generalised ‘we’ situat emergency in the near future defin it as carbon caused, as if disaster hasn’t already occurred . policy proposals reaffirm emergency without emergence green capital invites the state of exception to take command . climate emergency becomes financial insurance , redirecting towards market solutions what could otherwise be insurgency . Bolsonaro Duterte Netanyahu and Trump declare emergency of their own making shrouded in tear gas . juridico-political and military frameworks – functions as humanitarian warfare’ employed to defend power tear gas hypes safety but enacts repression its calculus of impact materialises slow violence .


Question: Demos 23

It is through this intimate investment into the fantastical power of social democracy that “hope policy rolls like tear gas into the undercommons”.

Demos 23 [Life in the Posthuman Condition. Chapter 5: “Climate Control: From Emergency to Emergence” T. J. Demos. Collection Edited by S. E. Wilmer and Audrone.  Žukauskaite ISBN 978 1 3995 0529 1. 2023//Spence]

if we consider  tear gas as the medium of climate emergency We face an entirely different politico-ecological calculus . counterinsurgency increasingly demands democratic authoritarian control . uprisings in Hong Kong San Juan Iraq Chile migrants crossing the border all answered with tear gas integral the response to opposition that bypasses conventional routes of negotiation . these revolutions offer important lessons for climate emergency With carbon the source is distributed, complex . tear gas grenades remain intimately intertwined, with energy, infrastructure and security . for environmentalists climate threatens civilisational collapse, attributed most immediately – and tellingly – to atmospheric carbon . urgency is misdirected . demands that governments ‘tell the truth’ about climate , ‘act now’ to decarbonise bypassi such groups as I E N which highlight racial and class climate disruption . deluded liberalism narrowly focus on carbon as the cause of emergency emptying activist rituals of traction . the generalised ‘we’ situat emergency in the near future defin it as carbon caused, as if disaster hasn’t already occurred . policy proposals reaffirm emergency without emergence green capital invites the state of exception to take command . climate emergency becomes financial insurance , redirecting towards market solutions what could otherwise be insurgency . Bolsonaro Duterte Netanyahu and Trump declare emergency of their own making shrouded in tear gas . juridico-political and military frameworks – functions as humanitarian warfare’ employed to defend power tear gas hypes safety but enacts repression its calculus of impact materialises slow violence .


Question: Demos climate control

It is through this intimate investment into the fantastical power of social democracy that “hope policy rolls like tear gas into the undercommons”.

Demos 23 [Life in the Posthuman Condition. Chapter 5: “Climate Control: From Emergency to Emergence” T. J. Demos. Collection Edited by S. E. Wilmer and Audrone.  Žukauskaite ISBN 978 1 3995 0529 1. 2023//Spence]

if we consider  tear gas as the medium of climate emergency We face an entirely different politico-ecological calculus . counterinsurgency increasingly demands democratic authoritarian control . uprisings in Hong Kong San Juan Iraq Chile migrants crossing the border all answered with tear gas integral the response to opposition that bypasses conventional routes of negotiation . these revolutions offer important lessons for climate emergency With carbon the source is distributed, complex . tear gas grenades remain intimately intertwined, with energy, infrastructure and security . for environmentalists climate threatens civilisational collapse, attributed most immediately – and tellingly – to atmospheric carbon . urgency is misdirected . demands that governments ‘tell the truth’ about climate , ‘act now’ to decarbonise bypassi such groups as I E N which highlight racial and class climate disruption . deluded liberalism narrowly focus on carbon as the cause of emergency emptying activist rituals of traction . the generalised ‘we’ situat emergency in the near future defin it as carbon caused, as if disaster hasn’t already occurred . policy proposals reaffirm emergency without emergence green capital invites the state of exception to take command . climate emergency becomes financial insurance , redirecting towards market solutions what could otherwise be insurgency . Bolsonaro Duterte Netanyahu and Trump declare emergency of their own making shrouded in tear gas . juridico-political and military frameworks – functions as humanitarian warfare’ employed to defend power tear gas hypes safety but enacts repression its calculus of impact materialises slow violence .


Question: climate emergency counterinsurgency tear gas

It is through this intimate investment into the fantastical power of social democracy that “hope policy rolls like tear gas into the undercommons”.

Demos 23 [Life in the Posthuman Condition. Chapter 5: “Climate Control: From Emergency to Emergence” T. J. Demos. Collection Edited by S. E. Wilmer and Audrone.  Žukauskaite ISBN 978 1 3995 0529 1. 2023//Spence]

if we consider  tear gas as the medium of climate emergency We face an entirely different politico-ecological calculus . counterinsurgency increasingly demands democratic authoritarian control . uprisings in Hong Kong San Juan Iraq Chile migrants crossing the border all answered with tear gas integral the response to opposition that bypasses conventional routes of negotiation . these revolutions offer important lessons for climate emergency With carbon the source is distributed, complex . tear gas grenades remain intimately intertwined, with energy, infrastructure and security . for environmentalists climate threatens civilisational collapse, attributed most immediately – and tellingly – to atmospheric carbon . urgency is misdirected . demands that governments ‘tell the truth’ about climate , ‘act now’ to decarbonise bypassi such groups as I E N which highlight racial and class climate disruption . deluded liberalism narrowly focus on carbon as the cause of emergency emptying activist rituals of traction . the generalised ‘we’ situat emergency in the near future defin it as carbon caused, as if disaster hasn’t already occurred . policy proposals reaffirm emergency without emergence green capital invites the state of exception to take command . climate emergency becomes financial insurance , redirecting towards market solutions what could otherwise be insurgency . Bolsonaro Duterte Netanyahu and Trump declare emergency of their own making shrouded in tear gas . juridico-political and military frameworks – functions as humanitarian warfare’ employed to defend power tear gas hypes safety but enacts repression its calculus of impact materialises slow violence .


Question: tear gas medium of climate emergency

It is through this intimate investment into the fantastical power of social democracy that “hope policy rolls like tear gas into the undercommons”.

Demos 23 [Life in the Posthuman Condition. Chapter 5: “Climate Control: From Emergency to Emergence” T. J. Demos. Collection Edited by S. E. Wilmer and Audrone.  Žukauskaite ISBN 978 1 3995 0529 1. 2023//Spence]

if we consider  tear gas as the medium of climate emergency We face an entirely different politico-ecological calculus . counterinsurgency increasingly demands democratic authoritarian control . uprisings in Hong Kong San Juan Iraq Chile migrants crossing the border all answered with tear gas integral the response to opposition that bypasses conventional routes of negotiation . these revolutions offer important lessons for climate emergency With carbon the source is distributed, complex . tear gas grenades remain intimately intertwined, with energy, infrastructure and security . for environmentalists climate threatens civilisational collapse, attributed most immediately – and tellingly – to atmospheric carbon . urgency is misdirected . demands that governments ‘tell the truth’ about climate , ‘act now’ to decarbonise bypassi such groups as I E N which highlight racial and class climate disruption . deluded liberalism narrowly focus on carbon as the cause of emergency emptying activist rituals of traction . the generalised ‘we’ situat emergency in the near future defin it as carbon caused, as if disaster hasn’t already occurred . policy proposals reaffirm emergency without emergence green capital invites the state of exception to take command . climate emergency becomes financial insurance , redirecting towards market solutions what could otherwise be insurgency . Bolsonaro Duterte Netanyahu and Trump declare emergency of their own making shrouded in tear gas . juridico-political and military frameworks – functions as humanitarian warfare’ employed to defend power tear gas hypes safety but enacts repression its calculus of impact materialises slow violence .


Question: hope policy rolls like tear gas

It is through this intimate investment into the fantastical power of social democracy that “hope policy rolls like tear gas into the undercommons”.

Demos 23 [Life in the Posthuman Condition. Chapter 5: “Climate Control: From Emergency to Emergence” T. J. Demos. Collection Edited by S. E. Wilmer and Audrone.  Žukauskaite ISBN 978 1 3995 0529 1. 2023//Spence]

if we consider  tear gas as the medium of climate emergency We face an entirely different politico-ecological calculus . counterinsurgency increasingly demands democratic authoritarian control . uprisings in Hong Kong San Juan Iraq Chile migrants crossing the border all answered with tear gas integral the response to opposition that bypasses conventional routes of negotiation . these revolutions offer important lessons for climate emergency With carbon the source is distributed, complex . tear gas grenades remain intimately intertwined, with energy, infrastructure and security . for environmentalists climate threatens civilisational collapse, attributed most immediately – and tellingly – to atmospheric carbon . urgency is misdirected . demands that governments ‘tell the truth’ about climate , ‘act now’ to decarbonise bypassi such groups as I E N which highlight racial and class climate disruption . deluded liberalism narrowly focus on carbon as the cause of emergency emptying activist rituals of traction . the generalised ‘we’ situat emergency in the near future defin it as carbon caused, as if disaster hasn’t already occurred . policy proposals reaffirm emergency without emergence green capital invites the state of exception to take command . climate emergency becomes financial insurance , redirecting towards market solutions what could otherwise be insurgency . Bolsonaro Duterte Netanyahu and Trump declare emergency of their own making shrouded in tear gas . juridico-political and military frameworks – functions as humanitarian warfare’ employed to defend power tear gas hypes safety but enacts repression its calculus of impact materialises slow violence .


Question: climate emergency financial insurance

It is through this intimate investment into the fantastical power of social democracy that “hope policy rolls like tear gas into the undercommons”.

Demos 23 [Life in the Posthuman Condition. Chapter 5: “Climate Control: From Emergency to Emergence” T. J. Demos. Collection Edited by S. E. Wilmer and Audrone.  Žukauskaite ISBN 978 1 3995 0529 1. 2023//Spence]

if we consider  tear gas as the medium of climate emergency We face an entirely different politico-ecological calculus . counterinsurgency increasingly demands democratic authoritarian control . uprisings in Hong Kong San Juan Iraq Chile migrants crossing the border all answered with tear gas integral the response to opposition that bypasses conventional routes of negotiation . these revolutions offer important lessons for climate emergency With carbon the source is distributed, complex . tear gas grenades remain intimately intertwined, with energy, infrastructure and security . for environmentalists climate threatens civilisational collapse, attributed most immediately – and tellingly – to atmospheric carbon . urgency is misdirected . demands that governments ‘tell the truth’ about climate , ‘act now’ to decarbonise bypassi such groups as I E N which highlight racial and class climate disruption . deluded liberalism narrowly focus on carbon as the cause of emergency emptying activist rituals of traction . the generalised ‘we’ situat emergency in the near future defin it as carbon caused, as if disaster hasn’t already occurred . policy proposals reaffirm emergency without emergence green capital invites the state of exception to take command . climate emergency becomes financial insurance , redirecting towards market solutions what could otherwise be insurgency . Bolsonaro Duterte Netanyahu and Trump declare emergency of their own making shrouded in tear gas . juridico-political and military frameworks – functions as humanitarian warfare’ employed to defend power tear gas hypes safety but enacts repression its calculus of impact materialises slow violence .


Question: climate change and tear gas

It is through this intimate investment into the fantastical power of social democracy that “hope policy rolls like tear gas into the undercommons”.

Demos 23 [Life in the Posthuman Condition. Chapter 5: “Climate Control: From Emergency to Emergence” T. J. Demos. Collection Edited by S. E. Wilmer and Audrone.  Žukauskaite ISBN 978 1 3995 0529 1. 2023//Spence]

if we consider  tear gas as the medium of climate emergency We face an entirely different politico-ecological calculus . counterinsurgency increasingly demands democratic authoritarian control . uprisings in Hong Kong San Juan Iraq Chile migrants crossing the border all answered with tear gas integral the response to opposition that bypasses conventional routes of negotiation . these revolutions offer important lessons for climate emergency With carbon the source is distributed, complex . tear gas grenades remain intimately intertwined, with energy, infrastructure and security . for environmentalists climate threatens civilisational collapse, attributed most immediately – and tellingly – to atmospheric carbon . urgency is misdirected . demands that governments ‘tell the truth’ about climate , ‘act now’ to decarbonise bypassi such groups as I E N which highlight racial and class climate disruption . deluded liberalism narrowly focus on carbon as the cause of emergency emptying activist rituals of traction . the generalised ‘we’ situat emergency in the near future defin it as carbon caused, as if disaster hasn’t already occurred . policy proposals reaffirm emergency without emergence green capital invites the state of exception to take command . climate emergency becomes financial insurance , redirecting towards market solutions what could otherwise be insurgency . Bolsonaro Duterte Netanyahu and Trump declare emergency of their own making shrouded in tear gas . juridico-political and military frameworks – functions as humanitarian warfare’ employed to defend power tear gas hypes safety but enacts repression its calculus of impact materialises slow violence .


Question: Noble Savage DA

Noble Savage DA-Romanticizing Natives as ecologically pure is a settler trick used to recreate the myth of the noble savage. Indigenous people use markets too.

Gilio-Whitaker 17, Policy Director and Senior Research Associate at the Center for World Indigenous Studies, and is an award-winning journalist at Indian Country Media Network.  With a bachelor’s in Native American Studies and a master’s in American Studies, Dina’s research interests focuses on Indigenous nationalism, self-determination, environmental justice, and education. For the past several years has been involved with Indigenous peoples’ participation in the United Nations arena. (Dina, “The Problem With The Ecological Indian Stereotype,” KCET, https://www.kcet.org/shows/tending-the-wild/the-problem-with-the-ecological-indian-stereotype)//BB

Native Americans are original environmentalists to apply the blanket statement is to overlook meaning of environmentalism and mischaracterize Native peoples’ actual relationship to land creates impossibly high standard exposing Native peoples to dangerous objectives when they fail to meet In settler imagination Native had to be less than human to justify incursions into Indian lands safely disappearing noble savage enshrined into romanticized narratives ecological Indian is part of American cultural landscape when disaffected American youth waking up to spiritually and morally bankrupt society looked to indigenous peoples for answers intensely romanticized savage Indian was redeemed became the symbol of renewed hope possibility to return to a simpler and more honorable past trope symbolizes idealized fictitious appeal to lost purity Native nations have complex land management practices these facts were systematically ignored part of patterns of erasure, genocide, and dispossession


Question: Gilio-Whitaker 17

Noble Savage DA-Romanticizing Natives as ecologically pure is a settler trick used to recreate the myth of the noble savage. Indigenous people use markets too.

Gilio-Whitaker 17, Policy Director and Senior Research Associate at the Center for World Indigenous Studies, and is an award-winning journalist at Indian Country Media Network.  With a bachelor’s in Native American Studies and a master’s in American Studies, Dina’s research interests focuses on Indigenous nationalism, self-determination, environmental justice, and education. For the past several years has been involved with Indigenous peoples’ participation in the United Nations arena. (Dina, “The Problem With The Ecological Indian Stereotype,” KCET, https://www.kcet.org/shows/tending-the-wild/the-problem-with-the-ecological-indian-stereotype)//BB

Native Americans are original environmentalists to apply the blanket statement is to overlook meaning of environmentalism and mischaracterize Native peoples’ actual relationship to land creates impossibly high standard exposing Native peoples to dangerous objectives when they fail to meet In settler imagination Native had to be less than human to justify incursions into Indian lands safely disappearing noble savage enshrined into romanticized narratives ecological Indian is part of American cultural landscape when disaffected American youth waking up to spiritually and morally bankrupt society looked to indigenous peoples for answers intensely romanticized savage Indian was redeemed became the symbol of renewed hope possibility to return to a simpler and more honorable past trope symbolizes idealized fictitious appeal to lost purity Native nations have complex land management practices these facts were systematically ignored part of patterns of erasure, genocide, and dispossession


Question: Romanticizing Natives ecologically pure

Noble Savage DA-Romanticizing Natives as ecologically pure is a settler trick used to recreate the myth of the noble savage. Indigenous people use markets too.

Gilio-Whitaker 17, Policy Director and Senior Research Associate at the Center for World Indigenous Studies, and is an award-winning journalist at Indian Country Media Network.  With a bachelor’s in Native American Studies and a master’s in American Studies, Dina’s research interests focuses on Indigenous nationalism, self-determination, environmental justice, and education. For the past several years has been involved with Indigenous peoples’ participation in the United Nations arena. (Dina, “The Problem With The Ecological Indian Stereotype,” KCET, https://www.kcet.org/shows/tending-the-wild/the-problem-with-the-ecological-indian-stereotype)//BB

Native Americans are original environmentalists to apply the blanket statement is to overlook meaning of environmentalism and mischaracterize Native peoples’ actual relationship to land creates impossibly high standard exposing Native peoples to dangerous objectives when they fail to meet In settler imagination Native had to be less than human to justify incursions into Indian lands safely disappearing noble savage enshrined into romanticized narratives ecological Indian is part of American cultural landscape when disaffected American youth waking up to spiritually and morally bankrupt society looked to indigenous peoples for answers intensely romanticized savage Indian was redeemed became the symbol of renewed hope possibility to return to a simpler and more honorable past trope symbolizes idealized fictitious appeal to lost purity Native nations have complex land management practices these facts were systematically ignored part of patterns of erasure, genocide, and dispossession


Question: ecological indian stereotype

Noble Savage DA-Romanticizing Natives as ecologically pure is a settler trick used to recreate the myth of the noble savage. Indigenous people use markets too.

Gilio-Whitaker 17, Policy Director and Senior Research Associate at the Center for World Indigenous Studies, and is an award-winning journalist at Indian Country Media Network.  With a bachelor’s in Native American Studies and a master’s in American Studies, Dina’s research interests focuses on Indigenous nationalism, self-determination, environmental justice, and education. For the past several years has been involved with Indigenous peoples’ participation in the United Nations arena. (Dina, “The Problem With The Ecological Indian Stereotype,” KCET, https://www.kcet.org/shows/tending-the-wild/the-problem-with-the-ecological-indian-stereotype)//BB

Native Americans are original environmentalists to apply the blanket statement is to overlook meaning of environmentalism and mischaracterize Native peoples’ actual relationship to land creates impossibly high standard exposing Native peoples to dangerous objectives when they fail to meet In settler imagination Native had to be less than human to justify incursions into Indian lands safely disappearing noble savage enshrined into romanticized narratives ecological Indian is part of American cultural landscape when disaffected American youth waking up to spiritually and morally bankrupt society looked to indigenous peoples for answers intensely romanticized savage Indian was redeemed became the symbol of renewed hope possibility to return to a simpler and more honorable past trope symbolizes idealized fictitious appeal to lost purity Native nations have complex land management practices these facts were systematically ignored part of patterns of erasure, genocide, and dispossession


Question: Natives use markets

Noble Savage DA-Romanticizing Natives as ecologically pure is a settler trick used to recreate the myth of the noble savage. Indigenous people use markets too.

Gilio-Whitaker 17, Policy Director and Senior Research Associate at the Center for World Indigenous Studies, and is an award-winning journalist at Indian Country Media Network.  With a bachelor’s in Native American Studies and a master’s in American Studies, Dina’s research interests focuses on Indigenous nationalism, self-determination, environmental justice, and education. For the past several years has been involved with Indigenous peoples’ participation in the United Nations arena. (Dina, “The Problem With The Ecological Indian Stereotype,” KCET, https://www.kcet.org/shows/tending-the-wild/the-problem-with-the-ecological-indian-stereotype)//BB

Native Americans are original environmentalists to apply the blanket statement is to overlook meaning of environmentalism and mischaracterize Native peoples’ actual relationship to land creates impossibly high standard exposing Native peoples to dangerous objectives when they fail to meet In settler imagination Native had to be less than human to justify incursions into Indian lands safely disappearing noble savage enshrined into romanticized narratives ecological Indian is part of American cultural landscape when disaffected American youth waking up to spiritually and morally bankrupt society looked to indigenous peoples for answers intensely romanticized savage Indian was redeemed became the symbol of renewed hope possibility to return to a simpler and more honorable past trope symbolizes idealized fictitious appeal to lost purity Native nations have complex land management practices these facts were systematically ignored part of patterns of erasure, genocide, and dispossession


Question: ecological indian is cultural landscape

Noble Savage DA-Romanticizing Natives as ecologically pure is a settler trick used to recreate the myth of the noble savage. Indigenous people use markets too.

Gilio-Whitaker 17, Policy Director and Senior Research Associate at the Center for World Indigenous Studies, and is an award-winning journalist at Indian Country Media Network.  With a bachelor’s in Native American Studies and a master’s in American Studies, Dina’s research interests focuses on Indigenous nationalism, self-determination, environmental justice, and education. For the past several years has been involved with Indigenous peoples’ participation in the United Nations arena. (Dina, “The Problem With The Ecological Indian Stereotype,” KCET, https://www.kcet.org/shows/tending-the-wild/the-problem-with-the-ecological-indian-stereotype)//BB

Native Americans are original environmentalists to apply the blanket statement is to overlook meaning of environmentalism and mischaracterize Native peoples’ actual relationship to land creates impossibly high standard exposing Native peoples to dangerous objectives when they fail to meet In settler imagination Native had to be less than human to justify incursions into Indian lands safely disappearing noble savage enshrined into romanticized narratives ecological Indian is part of American cultural landscape when disaffected American youth waking up to spiritually and morally bankrupt society looked to indigenous peoples for answers intensely romanticized savage Indian was redeemed became the symbol of renewed hope possibility to return to a simpler and more honorable past trope symbolizes idealized fictitious appeal to lost purity Native nations have complex land management practices these facts were systematically ignored part of patterns of erasure, genocide, and dispossession


Question: noble savage myth

Noble Savage DA-Romanticizing Natives as ecologically pure is a settler trick used to recreate the myth of the noble savage. Indigenous people use markets too.

Gilio-Whitaker 17, Policy Director and Senior Research Associate at the Center for World Indigenous Studies, and is an award-winning journalist at Indian Country Media Network.  With a bachelor’s in Native American Studies and a master’s in American Studies, Dina’s research interests focuses on Indigenous nationalism, self-determination, environmental justice, and education. For the past several years has been involved with Indigenous peoples’ participation in the United Nations arena. (Dina, “The Problem With The Ecological Indian Stereotype,” KCET, https://www.kcet.org/shows/tending-the-wild/the-problem-with-the-ecological-indian-stereotype)//BB

Native Americans are original environmentalists to apply the blanket statement is to overlook meaning of environmentalism and mischaracterize Native peoples’ actual relationship to land creates impossibly high standard exposing Native peoples to dangerous objectives when they fail to meet In settler imagination Native had to be less than human to justify incursions into Indian lands safely disappearing noble savage enshrined into romanticized narratives ecological Indian is part of American cultural landscape when disaffected American youth waking up to spiritually and morally bankrupt society looked to indigenous peoples for answers intensely romanticized savage Indian was redeemed became the symbol of renewed hope possibility to return to a simpler and more honorable past trope symbolizes idealized fictitious appeal to lost purity Native nations have complex land management practices these facts were systematically ignored part of patterns of erasure, genocide, and dispossession


Question: Development is inevitable

1---Development is inevitable, but they don’t cause it.

1AC Wong ’22 [Ruth and Eevee Ciara; September 1; Senior Cloud Systems Engineer, M.A. from Johns Hopkins University, M.Sc. in Bioinformatics from Western Univrsity; Machine learning engineer at PayPal, writer for the Effective Altruism Forum; Substack, “Rethinking longtermism and global development,” https://sunyshore.substack.com/p/rethinking-longtermism-and-global]

the mechanism by which development happens is by successful businesses giving people stable jobs countries  do develop over time


Question: Wong 22 development jobs

1---Development is inevitable, but they don’t cause it.

1AC Wong ’22 [Ruth and Eevee Ciara; September 1; Senior Cloud Systems Engineer, M.A. from Johns Hopkins University, M.Sc. in Bioinformatics from Western Univrsity; Machine learning engineer at PayPal, writer for the Effective Altruism Forum; Substack, “Rethinking longtermism and global development,” https://sunyshore.substack.com/p/rethinking-longtermism-and-global]

the mechanism by which development happens is by successful businesses giving people stable jobs countries  do develop over time


Question: Ruth and Eevee Ciara Wong

1---Development is inevitable, but they don’t cause it.

1AC Wong ’22 [Ruth and Eevee Ciara; September 1; Senior Cloud Systems Engineer, M.A. from Johns Hopkins University, M.Sc. in Bioinformatics from Western Univrsity; Machine learning engineer at PayPal, writer for the Effective Altruism Forum; Substack, “Rethinking longtermism and global development,” https://sunyshore.substack.com/p/rethinking-longtermism-and-global]

the mechanism by which development happens is by successful businesses giving people stable jobs countries  do develop over time


Question: development happens by successful businesses

1---Development is inevitable, but they don’t cause it.

1AC Wong ’22 [Ruth and Eevee Ciara; September 1; Senior Cloud Systems Engineer, M.A. from Johns Hopkins University, M.Sc. in Bioinformatics from Western Univrsity; Machine learning engineer at PayPal, writer for the Effective Altruism Forum; Substack, “Rethinking longtermism and global development,” https://sunyshore.substack.com/p/rethinking-longtermism-and-global]

the mechanism by which development happens is by successful businesses giving people stable jobs countries  do develop over time


Question: development stable jobs

1---Development is inevitable, but they don’t cause it.

1AC Wong ’22 [Ruth and Eevee Ciara; September 1; Senior Cloud Systems Engineer, M.A. from Johns Hopkins University, M.Sc. in Bioinformatics from Western Univrsity; Machine learning engineer at PayPal, writer for the Effective Altruism Forum; Substack, “Rethinking longtermism and global development,” https://sunyshore.substack.com/p/rethinking-longtermism-and-global]

the mechanism by which development happens is by successful businesses giving people stable jobs countries  do develop over time


Question: countries do develop over time

1---Development is inevitable, but they don’t cause it.

1AC Wong ’22 [Ruth and Eevee Ciara; September 1; Senior Cloud Systems Engineer, M.A. from Johns Hopkins University, M.Sc. in Bioinformatics from Western Univrsity; Machine learning engineer at PayPal, writer for the Effective Altruism Forum; Substack, “Rethinking longtermism and global development,” https://sunyshore.substack.com/p/rethinking-longtermism-and-global]

the mechanism by which development happens is by successful businesses giving people stable jobs countries  do develop over time


Question: estimate prior to implementation failure

That estimate is prior to any implementation failure or circumvention arguments.

Weisbach & Kortum 23 – Moffat Professor of Economics at Yale; Blum Professor of Law at UChicago

None of these effects are captured in CGE modeling which means the models substantially overestimate the effectiveness


Question: weisbach kortum cge overestimate

That estimate is prior to any implementation failure or circumvention arguments.

Weisbach & Kortum 23 – Moffat Professor of Economics at Yale; Blum Professor of Law at UChicago

None of these effects are captured in CGE modeling which means the models substantially overestimate the effectiveness


Question: weisbach and kortum

That estimate is prior to any implementation failure or circumvention arguments.

Weisbach & Kortum 23 – Moffat Professor of Economics at Yale; Blum Professor of Law at UChicago

None of these effects are captured in CGE modeling which means the models substantially overestimate the effectiveness


Question: CGE models overestimate effectiveness

That estimate is prior to any implementation failure or circumvention arguments.

Weisbach & Kortum 23 – Moffat Professor of Economics at Yale; Blum Professor of Law at UChicago

None of these effects are captured in CGE modeling which means the models substantially overestimate the effectiveness


Question: implementation failure or circumvention arguments

That estimate is prior to any implementation failure or circumvention arguments.

Weisbach & Kortum 23 – Moffat Professor of Economics at Yale; Blum Professor of Law at UChicago

None of these effects are captured in CGE modeling which means the models substantially overestimate the effectiveness


Question: models substantially overestimate effectiveness

That estimate is prior to any implementation failure or circumvention arguments.

Weisbach & Kortum 23 – Moffat Professor of Economics at Yale; Blum Professor of Law at UChicago

None of these effects are captured in CGE modeling which means the models substantially overestimate the effectiveness


Question: CGE modeling overestimate

That estimate is prior to any implementation failure or circumvention arguments.

Weisbach & Kortum 23 – Moffat Professor of Economics at Yale; Blum Professor of Law at UChicago

None of these effects are captured in CGE modeling which means the models substantially overestimate the effectiveness


Question: Shadow banking is huge

Shadow banking is huge---it controls almost half of all financial assets AND is set to increase in risk.

Alexander Jones 24. Senior Vice President of Portfolio Management overseeing over $1 billion in debt financing, B.S. in Finance, "Banks’ Ballooning Appetites for Private Credit Raise Shadow Banking’s Risks to the Financial System." International Banker. 9/3/2024. https://internationalbanker.com/banking/banks-ballooning-appetites-for-private-credit-raise-shadow-bankings-risks-to-the-financial-system/

giants partner with private credit seize lending away from incumbents shadow banking are big entities command substantial market assets worth $218 trillion nearly half of all financial assets By having different models sheets  governance regulatory frameworks across jurisdictions sector as risk


Question: Alexander Jones 24

Shadow banking is huge---it controls almost half of all financial assets AND is set to increase in risk.

Alexander Jones 24. Senior Vice President of Portfolio Management overseeing over $1 billion in debt financing, B.S. in Finance, "Banks’ Ballooning Appetites for Private Credit Raise Shadow Banking’s Risks to the Financial System." International Banker. 9/3/2024. https://internationalbanker.com/banking/banks-ballooning-appetites-for-private-credit-raise-shadow-bankings-risks-to-the-financial-system/

giants partner with private credit seize lending away from incumbents shadow banking are big entities command substantial market assets worth $218 trillion nearly half of all financial assets By having different models sheets  governance regulatory frameworks across jurisdictions sector as risk


Question: shadow banking risk

Shadow banking is huge---it controls almost half of all financial assets AND is set to increase in risk.

Alexander Jones 24. Senior Vice President of Portfolio Management overseeing over $1 billion in debt financing, B.S. in Finance, "Banks’ Ballooning Appetites for Private Credit Raise Shadow Banking’s Risks to the Financial System." International Banker. 9/3/2024. https://internationalbanker.com/banking/banks-ballooning-appetites-for-private-credit-raise-shadow-bankings-risks-to-the-financial-system/

giants partner with private credit seize lending away from incumbents shadow banking are big entities command substantial market assets worth $218 trillion nearly half of all financial assets By having different models sheets  governance regulatory frameworks across jurisdictions sector as risk


Question: private credit raise shadow banking risks

Shadow banking is huge---it controls almost half of all financial assets AND is set to increase in risk.

Alexander Jones 24. Senior Vice President of Portfolio Management overseeing over $1 billion in debt financing, B.S. in Finance, "Banks’ Ballooning Appetites for Private Credit Raise Shadow Banking’s Risks to the Financial System." International Banker. 9/3/2024. https://internationalbanker.com/banking/banks-ballooning-appetites-for-private-credit-raise-shadow-bankings-risks-to-the-financial-system/

giants partner with private credit seize lending away from incumbents shadow banking are big entities command substantial market assets worth $218 trillion nearly half of all financial assets By having different models sheets  governance regulatory frameworks across jurisdictions sector as risk


Question: half of all financial assets

Shadow banking is huge---it controls almost half of all financial assets AND is set to increase in risk.

Alexander Jones 24. Senior Vice President of Portfolio Management overseeing over $1 billion in debt financing, B.S. in Finance, "Banks’ Ballooning Appetites for Private Credit Raise Shadow Banking’s Risks to the Financial System." International Banker. 9/3/2024. https://internationalbanker.com/banking/banks-ballooning-appetites-for-private-credit-raise-shadow-bankings-risks-to-the-financial-system/

giants partner with private credit seize lending away from incumbents shadow banking are big entities command substantial market assets worth $218 trillion nearly half of all financial assets By having different models sheets  governance regulatory frameworks across jurisdictions sector as risk


Question: 218 trillion shadow banking

Shadow banking is huge---it controls almost half of all financial assets AND is set to increase in risk.

Alexander Jones 24. Senior Vice President of Portfolio Management overseeing over $1 billion in debt financing, B.S. in Finance, "Banks’ Ballooning Appetites for Private Credit Raise Shadow Banking’s Risks to the Financial System." International Banker. 9/3/2024. https://internationalbanker.com/banking/banks-ballooning-appetites-for-private-credit-raise-shadow-bankings-risks-to-the-financial-system/

giants partner with private credit seize lending away from incumbents shadow banking are big entities command substantial market assets worth $218 trillion nearly half of all financial assets By having different models sheets  governance regulatory frameworks across jurisdictions sector as risk


Question: shadow banking market assets

Shadow banking is huge---it controls almost half of all financial assets AND is set to increase in risk.

Alexander Jones 24. Senior Vice President of Portfolio Management overseeing over $1 billion in debt financing, B.S. in Finance, "Banks’ Ballooning Appetites for Private Credit Raise Shadow Banking’s Risks to the Financial System." International Banker. 9/3/2024. https://internationalbanker.com/banking/banks-ballooning-appetites-for-private-credit-raise-shadow-bankings-risks-to-the-financial-system/

giants partner with private credit seize lending away from incumbents shadow banking are big entities command substantial market assets worth $218 trillion nearly half of all financial assets By having different models sheets  governance regulatory frameworks across jurisdictions sector as risk


Question: environmental justice insider activism

4---Environmental justice requires insider activism that tactically engages the State without reaffirming its hegemony.

Harrison et al. 24 [Jill Lindsey Harrison – Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Jonathan K. London – Department of Human Ecology/Community and Regional Development, University of California. Seeking environmental justice through the state: Insider allies in U.S. state and federal government agencies, Geoforum, Volume 155, October 2024, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718524001593, JKS]

By taking positions within allies been able to advance EJ While mindful of limitations affordances offered social movements by continuously contested and relational nature of the state tactics involve building solidarity within growing internal capacity of public agencies to administer EJ being intentional about hires, carving out positions” for advocates hiring former activists protecting decision-making autonomy change workplace culture that hinder reform efforts allies well versed in challenging foundations of the racial state improving agencies’ community engagement Many critiqued tokenism insider allies understand where practices fall short They draw on activist experiences and frustrations with the state  to increase transparent flow of info Insider ally Sid, who is Native worked with allies inside settler state agencies to decriminalize traditional Tribal activities. Miles’s focus on the “historical lega of environmental racism helps press for systemic institutional change. data-driven tech direct state action to improving material conditions mapping tools like CalEnviroscreen EJSCREEN, and C E J S identify communities to guide improvements and protection scholars critiqued tech as surveillance EJ staff used tech to re-direct resources to communities excluded from public infrastructure and targeted as sacrifice zones product of EJ policy advocacy redistribute over $1.3 billion for water in disadvantaged communities allies played key roles in ensuring implementation aligns with EJ and reverse patterns of racialized disinvestment legal enforcement work resulted in a “radical shift allies have achieved important benefits for underserved communities need to identify conditions that movements foster modest yet meaningful change through the state


Question: Harrison et al. 24

4---Environmental justice requires insider activism that tactically engages the State without reaffirming its hegemony.

Harrison et al. 24 [Jill Lindsey Harrison – Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Jonathan K. London – Department of Human Ecology/Community and Regional Development, University of California. Seeking environmental justice through the state: Insider allies in U.S. state and federal government agencies, Geoforum, Volume 155, October 2024, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718524001593, JKS]

By taking positions within allies been able to advance EJ While mindful of limitations affordances offered social movements by continuously contested and relational nature of the state tactics involve building solidarity within growing internal capacity of public agencies to administer EJ being intentional about hires, carving out positions” for advocates hiring former activists protecting decision-making autonomy change workplace culture that hinder reform efforts allies well versed in challenging foundations of the racial state improving agencies’ community engagement Many critiqued tokenism insider allies understand where practices fall short They draw on activist experiences and frustrations with the state  to increase transparent flow of info Insider ally Sid, who is Native worked with allies inside settler state agencies to decriminalize traditional Tribal activities. Miles’s focus on the “historical lega of environmental racism helps press for systemic institutional change. data-driven tech direct state action to improving material conditions mapping tools like CalEnviroscreen EJSCREEN, and C E J S identify communities to guide improvements and protection scholars critiqued tech as surveillance EJ staff used tech to re-direct resources to communities excluded from public infrastructure and targeted as sacrifice zones product of EJ policy advocacy redistribute over $1.3 billion for water in disadvantaged communities allies played key roles in ensuring implementation aligns with EJ and reverse patterns of racialized disinvestment legal enforcement work resulted in a “radical shift allies have achieved important benefits for underserved communities need to identify conditions that movements foster modest yet meaningful change through the state


Question: insider allies in government agencies

4---Environmental justice requires insider activism that tactically engages the State without reaffirming its hegemony.

Harrison et al. 24 [Jill Lindsey Harrison – Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Jonathan K. London – Department of Human Ecology/Community and Regional Development, University of California. Seeking environmental justice through the state: Insider allies in U.S. state and federal government agencies, Geoforum, Volume 155, October 2024, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718524001593, JKS]

By taking positions within allies been able to advance EJ While mindful of limitations affordances offered social movements by continuously contested and relational nature of the state tactics involve building solidarity within growing internal capacity of public agencies to administer EJ being intentional about hires, carving out positions” for advocates hiring former activists protecting decision-making autonomy change workplace culture that hinder reform efforts allies well versed in challenging foundations of the racial state improving agencies’ community engagement Many critiqued tokenism insider allies understand where practices fall short They draw on activist experiences and frustrations with the state  to increase transparent flow of info Insider ally Sid, who is Native worked with allies inside settler state agencies to decriminalize traditional Tribal activities. Miles’s focus on the “historical lega of environmental racism helps press for systemic institutional change. data-driven tech direct state action to improving material conditions mapping tools like CalEnviroscreen EJSCREEN, and C E J S identify communities to guide improvements and protection scholars critiqued tech as surveillance EJ staff used tech to re-direct resources to communities excluded from public infrastructure and targeted as sacrifice zones product of EJ policy advocacy redistribute over $1.3 billion for water in disadvantaged communities allies played key roles in ensuring implementation aligns with EJ and reverse patterns of racialized disinvestment legal enforcement work resulted in a “radical shift allies have achieved important benefits for underserved communities need to identify conditions that movements foster modest yet meaningful change through the state


Question: environmental justice state

4---Environmental justice requires insider activism that tactically engages the State without reaffirming its hegemony.

Harrison et al. 24 [Jill Lindsey Harrison – Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Jonathan K. London – Department of Human Ecology/Community and Regional Development, University of California. Seeking environmental justice through the state: Insider allies in U.S. state and federal government agencies, Geoforum, Volume 155, October 2024, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718524001593, JKS]

By taking positions within allies been able to advance EJ While mindful of limitations affordances offered social movements by continuously contested and relational nature of the state tactics involve building solidarity within growing internal capacity of public agencies to administer EJ being intentional about hires, carving out positions” for advocates hiring former activists protecting decision-making autonomy change workplace culture that hinder reform efforts allies well versed in challenging foundations of the racial state improving agencies’ community engagement Many critiqued tokenism insider allies understand where practices fall short They draw on activist experiences and frustrations with the state  to increase transparent flow of info Insider ally Sid, who is Native worked with allies inside settler state agencies to decriminalize traditional Tribal activities. Miles’s focus on the “historical lega of environmental racism helps press for systemic institutional change. data-driven tech direct state action to improving material conditions mapping tools like CalEnviroscreen EJSCREEN, and C E J S identify communities to guide improvements and protection scholars critiqued tech as surveillance EJ staff used tech to re-direct resources to communities excluded from public infrastructure and targeted as sacrifice zones product of EJ policy advocacy redistribute over $1.3 billion for water in disadvantaged communities allies played key roles in ensuring implementation aligns with EJ and reverse patterns of racialized disinvestment legal enforcement work resulted in a “radical shift allies have achieved important benefits for underserved communities need to identify conditions that movements foster modest yet meaningful change through the state


Question: state insider activism

4---Environmental justice requires insider activism that tactically engages the State without reaffirming its hegemony.

Harrison et al. 24 [Jill Lindsey Harrison – Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Jonathan K. London – Department of Human Ecology/Community and Regional Development, University of California. Seeking environmental justice through the state: Insider allies in U.S. state and federal government agencies, Geoforum, Volume 155, October 2024, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718524001593, JKS]

By taking positions within allies been able to advance EJ While mindful of limitations affordances offered social movements by continuously contested and relational nature of the state tactics involve building solidarity within growing internal capacity of public agencies to administer EJ being intentional about hires, carving out positions” for advocates hiring former activists protecting decision-making autonomy change workplace culture that hinder reform efforts allies well versed in challenging foundations of the racial state improving agencies’ community engagement Many critiqued tokenism insider allies understand where practices fall short They draw on activist experiences and frustrations with the state  to increase transparent flow of info Insider ally Sid, who is Native worked with allies inside settler state agencies to decriminalize traditional Tribal activities. Miles’s focus on the “historical lega of environmental racism helps press for systemic institutional change. data-driven tech direct state action to improving material conditions mapping tools like CalEnviroscreen EJSCREEN, and C E J S identify communities to guide improvements and protection scholars critiqued tech as surveillance EJ staff used tech to re-direct resources to communities excluded from public infrastructure and targeted as sacrifice zones product of EJ policy advocacy redistribute over $1.3 billion for water in disadvantaged communities allies played key roles in ensuring implementation aligns with EJ and reverse patterns of racialized disinvestment legal enforcement work resulted in a “radical shift allies have achieved important benefits for underserved communities need to identify conditions that movements foster modest yet meaningful change through the state


Question: EJ through the state

4---Environmental justice requires insider activism that tactically engages the State without reaffirming its hegemony.

Harrison et al. 24 [Jill Lindsey Harrison – Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Jonathan K. London – Department of Human Ecology/Community and Regional Development, University of California. Seeking environmental justice through the state: Insider allies in U.S. state and federal government agencies, Geoforum, Volume 155, October 2024, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718524001593, JKS]

By taking positions within allies been able to advance EJ While mindful of limitations affordances offered social movements by continuously contested and relational nature of the state tactics involve building solidarity within growing internal capacity of public agencies to administer EJ being intentional about hires, carving out positions” for advocates hiring former activists protecting decision-making autonomy change workplace culture that hinder reform efforts allies well versed in challenging foundations of the racial state improving agencies’ community engagement Many critiqued tokenism insider allies understand where practices fall short They draw on activist experiences and frustrations with the state  to increase transparent flow of info Insider ally Sid, who is Native worked with allies inside settler state agencies to decriminalize traditional Tribal activities. Miles’s focus on the “historical lega of environmental racism helps press for systemic institutional change. data-driven tech direct state action to improving material conditions mapping tools like CalEnviroscreen EJSCREEN, and C E J S identify communities to guide improvements and protection scholars critiqued tech as surveillance EJ staff used tech to re-direct resources to communities excluded from public infrastructure and targeted as sacrifice zones product of EJ policy advocacy redistribute over $1.3 billion for water in disadvantaged communities allies played key roles in ensuring implementation aligns with EJ and reverse patterns of racialized disinvestment legal enforcement work resulted in a “radical shift allies have achieved important benefits for underserved communities need to identify conditions that movements foster modest yet meaningful change through the state


Question: environmental justice and state action

4---Environmental justice requires insider activism that tactically engages the State without reaffirming its hegemony.

Harrison et al. 24 [Jill Lindsey Harrison – Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Jonathan K. London – Department of Human Ecology/Community and Regional Development, University of California. Seeking environmental justice through the state: Insider allies in U.S. state and federal government agencies, Geoforum, Volume 155, October 2024, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718524001593, JKS]

By taking positions within allies been able to advance EJ While mindful of limitations affordances offered social movements by continuously contested and relational nature of the state tactics involve building solidarity within growing internal capacity of public agencies to administer EJ being intentional about hires, carving out positions” for advocates hiring former activists protecting decision-making autonomy change workplace culture that hinder reform efforts allies well versed in challenging foundations of the racial state improving agencies’ community engagement Many critiqued tokenism insider allies understand where practices fall short They draw on activist experiences and frustrations with the state  to increase transparent flow of info Insider ally Sid, who is Native worked with allies inside settler state agencies to decriminalize traditional Tribal activities. Miles’s focus on the “historical lega of environmental racism helps press for systemic institutional change. data-driven tech direct state action to improving material conditions mapping tools like CalEnviroscreen EJSCREEN, and C E J S identify communities to guide improvements and protection scholars critiqued tech as surveillance EJ staff used tech to re-direct resources to communities excluded from public infrastructure and targeted as sacrifice zones product of EJ policy advocacy redistribute over $1.3 billion for water in disadvantaged communities allies played key roles in ensuring implementation aligns with EJ and reverse patterns of racialized disinvestment legal enforcement work resulted in a “radical shift allies have achieved important benefits for underserved communities need to identify conditions that movements foster modest yet meaningful change through the state


Question: Harrison environmental justice

4---Environmental justice requires insider activism that tactically engages the State without reaffirming its hegemony.

Harrison et al. 24 [Jill Lindsey Harrison – Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Jonathan K. London – Department of Human Ecology/Community and Regional Development, University of California. Seeking environmental justice through the state: Insider allies in U.S. state and federal government agencies, Geoforum, Volume 155, October 2024, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718524001593, JKS]

By taking positions within allies been able to advance EJ While mindful of limitations affordances offered social movements by continuously contested and relational nature of the state tactics involve building solidarity within growing internal capacity of public agencies to administer EJ being intentional about hires, carving out positions” for advocates hiring former activists protecting decision-making autonomy change workplace culture that hinder reform efforts allies well versed in challenging foundations of the racial state improving agencies’ community engagement Many critiqued tokenism insider allies understand where practices fall short They draw on activist experiences and frustrations with the state  to increase transparent flow of info Insider ally Sid, who is Native worked with allies inside settler state agencies to decriminalize traditional Tribal activities. Miles’s focus on the “historical lega of environmental racism helps press for systemic institutional change. data-driven tech direct state action to improving material conditions mapping tools like CalEnviroscreen EJSCREEN, and C E J S identify communities to guide improvements and protection scholars critiqued tech as surveillance EJ staff used tech to re-direct resources to communities excluded from public infrastructure and targeted as sacrifice zones product of EJ policy advocacy redistribute over $1.3 billion for water in disadvantaged communities allies played key roles in ensuring implementation aligns with EJ and reverse patterns of racialized disinvestment legal enforcement work resulted in a “radical shift allies have achieved important benefits for underserved communities need to identify conditions that movements foster modest yet meaningful change through the state


Question: Market based instruments inevitable

Market-based instruments are inevitable for responding to the environment, the only question is whether we can properly utilize them to avoid impending catastrophe. Abandonment of those structures cedes power to bureaucratic elites that will accelerate extinction. This generation is key, we do not have time for theorization.

Wood ’10 — Mary Christina Wood, Philip H. Knight Professor at the University of Oregon School of Law and Faculty Director of the school’s Environmental and Natural Resources Law Program; (2010; “”YOU CAN’T NEGOTIATE WITH A BEETLE”1: ENVIORNMENTAL LAW FOR A NEW ECOLOGICAL AGE”; University of Michigan Libraries, Hein Online; Natural Resources Law Journal, Vol. 50)

Presses are running full speed  to disseminate new ideas to restructure society There isn't one thing we make  that doesn't require a re-make This generation gets to change this world One would think law would be the forefront however law is a wallflower amidst innovation law presents a framework to redirect government's management societies governed through codes the Roman Empire trib es all societies create a legal membrane through which individuals act  in relation to nature efficacy should be  of concern any government that fails sentences its citizens to death the elite  consists of agencies with thousands of statutes and reg s Their realm of  decision-making is important in  determining whether  society will collapse most think of environmental law as one  of dozen specialties it is different accountable to nature and indigenous leaders humanity's laws ultimately survive or suffer If legislators in offices today make decisions to promote their  own interests they serve ruined societies our future is in dangerous hands The process of bureaucracy is of importance to survival U S has the most elaborate set of laws in the world


Question: Wood 2010

Market-based instruments are inevitable for responding to the environment, the only question is whether we can properly utilize them to avoid impending catastrophe. Abandonment of those structures cedes power to bureaucratic elites that will accelerate extinction. This generation is key, we do not have time for theorization.

Wood ’10 — Mary Christina Wood, Philip H. Knight Professor at the University of Oregon School of Law and Faculty Director of the school’s Environmental and Natural Resources Law Program; (2010; “”YOU CAN’T NEGOTIATE WITH A BEETLE”1: ENVIORNMENTAL LAW FOR A NEW ECOLOGICAL AGE”; University of Michigan Libraries, Hein Online; Natural Resources Law Journal, Vol. 50)

Presses are running full speed  to disseminate new ideas to restructure society There isn't one thing we make  that doesn't require a re-make This generation gets to change this world One would think law would be the forefront however law is a wallflower amidst innovation law presents a framework to redirect government's management societies governed through codes the Roman Empire trib es all societies create a legal membrane through which individuals act  in relation to nature efficacy should be  of concern any government that fails sentences its citizens to death the elite  consists of agencies with thousands of statutes and reg s Their realm of  decision-making is important in  determining whether  society will collapse most think of environmental law as one  of dozen specialties it is different accountable to nature and indigenous leaders humanity's laws ultimately survive or suffer If legislators in offices today make decisions to promote their  own interests they serve ruined societies our future is in dangerous hands The process of bureaucracy is of importance to survival U S has the most elaborate set of laws in the world


Question: Mary Christina Wood

Market-based instruments are inevitable for responding to the environment, the only question is whether we can properly utilize them to avoid impending catastrophe. Abandonment of those structures cedes power to bureaucratic elites that will accelerate extinction. This generation is key, we do not have time for theorization.

Wood ’10 — Mary Christina Wood, Philip H. Knight Professor at the University of Oregon School of Law and Faculty Director of the school’s Environmental and Natural Resources Law Program; (2010; “”YOU CAN’T NEGOTIATE WITH A BEETLE”1: ENVIORNMENTAL LAW FOR A NEW ECOLOGICAL AGE”; University of Michigan Libraries, Hein Online; Natural Resources Law Journal, Vol. 50)

Presses are running full speed  to disseminate new ideas to restructure society There isn't one thing we make  that doesn't require a re-make This generation gets to change this world One would think law would be the forefront however law is a wallflower amidst innovation law presents a framework to redirect government's management societies governed through codes the Roman Empire trib es all societies create a legal membrane through which individuals act  in relation to nature efficacy should be  of concern any government that fails sentences its citizens to death the elite  consists of agencies with thousands of statutes and reg s Their realm of  decision-making is important in  determining whether  society will collapse most think of environmental law as one  of dozen specialties it is different accountable to nature and indigenous leaders humanity's laws ultimately survive or suffer If legislators in offices today make decisions to promote their  own interests they serve ruined societies our future is in dangerous hands The process of bureaucracy is of importance to survival U S has the most elaborate set of laws in the world


Question: Abandoning market structures cedes power

Market-based instruments are inevitable for responding to the environment, the only question is whether we can properly utilize them to avoid impending catastrophe. Abandonment of those structures cedes power to bureaucratic elites that will accelerate extinction. This generation is key, we do not have time for theorization.

Wood ’10 — Mary Christina Wood, Philip H. Knight Professor at the University of Oregon School of Law and Faculty Director of the school’s Environmental and Natural Resources Law Program; (2010; “”YOU CAN’T NEGOTIATE WITH A BEETLE”1: ENVIORNMENTAL LAW FOR A NEW ECOLOGICAL AGE”; University of Michigan Libraries, Hein Online; Natural Resources Law Journal, Vol. 50)

Presses are running full speed  to disseminate new ideas to restructure society There isn't one thing we make  that doesn't require a re-make This generation gets to change this world One would think law would be the forefront however law is a wallflower amidst innovation law presents a framework to redirect government's management societies governed through codes the Roman Empire trib es all societies create a legal membrane through which individuals act  in relation to nature efficacy should be  of concern any government that fails sentences its citizens to death the elite  consists of agencies with thousands of statutes and reg s Their realm of  decision-making is important in  determining whether  society will collapse most think of environmental law as one  of dozen specialties it is different accountable to nature and indigenous leaders humanity's laws ultimately survive or suffer If legislators in offices today make decisions to promote their  own interests they serve ruined societies our future is in dangerous hands The process of bureaucracy is of importance to survival U S has the most elaborate set of laws in the world


Question: bureaucratic elites accelerate extinction

Market-based instruments are inevitable for responding to the environment, the only question is whether we can properly utilize them to avoid impending catastrophe. Abandonment of those structures cedes power to bureaucratic elites that will accelerate extinction. This generation is key, we do not have time for theorization.

Wood ’10 — Mary Christina Wood, Philip H. Knight Professor at the University of Oregon School of Law and Faculty Director of the school’s Environmental and Natural Resources Law Program; (2010; “”YOU CAN’T NEGOTIATE WITH A BEETLE”1: ENVIORNMENTAL LAW FOR A NEW ECOLOGICAL AGE”; University of Michigan Libraries, Hein Online; Natural Resources Law Journal, Vol. 50)

Presses are running full speed  to disseminate new ideas to restructure society There isn't one thing we make  that doesn't require a re-make This generation gets to change this world One would think law would be the forefront however law is a wallflower amidst innovation law presents a framework to redirect government's management societies governed through codes the Roman Empire trib es all societies create a legal membrane through which individuals act  in relation to nature efficacy should be  of concern any government that fails sentences its citizens to death the elite  consists of agencies with thousands of statutes and reg s Their realm of  decision-making is important in  determining whether  society will collapse most think of environmental law as one  of dozen specialties it is different accountable to nature and indigenous leaders humanity's laws ultimately survive or suffer If legislators in offices today make decisions to promote their  own interests they serve ruined societies our future is in dangerous hands The process of bureaucracy is of importance to survival U S has the most elaborate set of laws in the world


Question: environmental law restructure society

Market-based instruments are inevitable for responding to the environment, the only question is whether we can properly utilize them to avoid impending catastrophe. Abandonment of those structures cedes power to bureaucratic elites that will accelerate extinction. This generation is key, we do not have time for theorization.

Wood ’10 — Mary Christina Wood, Philip H. Knight Professor at the University of Oregon School of Law and Faculty Director of the school’s Environmental and Natural Resources Law Program; (2010; “”YOU CAN’T NEGOTIATE WITH A BEETLE”1: ENVIORNMENTAL LAW FOR A NEW ECOLOGICAL AGE”; University of Michigan Libraries, Hein Online; Natural Resources Law Journal, Vol. 50)

Presses are running full speed  to disseminate new ideas to restructure society There isn't one thing we make  that doesn't require a re-make This generation gets to change this world One would think law would be the forefront however law is a wallflower amidst innovation law presents a framework to redirect government's management societies governed through codes the Roman Empire trib es all societies create a legal membrane through which individuals act  in relation to nature efficacy should be  of concern any government that fails sentences its citizens to death the elite  consists of agencies with thousands of statutes and reg s Their realm of  decision-making is important in  determining whether  society will collapse most think of environmental law as one  of dozen specialties it is different accountable to nature and indigenous leaders humanity's laws ultimately survive or suffer If legislators in offices today make decisions to promote their  own interests they serve ruined societies our future is in dangerous hands The process of bureaucracy is of importance to survival U S has the most elaborate set of laws in the world


Question: laws accountable to nature

Market-based instruments are inevitable for responding to the environment, the only question is whether we can properly utilize them to avoid impending catastrophe. Abandonment of those structures cedes power to bureaucratic elites that will accelerate extinction. This generation is key, we do not have time for theorization.

Wood ’10 — Mary Christina Wood, Philip H. Knight Professor at the University of Oregon School of Law and Faculty Director of the school’s Environmental and Natural Resources Law Program; (2010; “”YOU CAN’T NEGOTIATE WITH A BEETLE”1: ENVIORNMENTAL LAW FOR A NEW ECOLOGICAL AGE”; University of Michigan Libraries, Hein Online; Natural Resources Law Journal, Vol. 50)

Presses are running full speed  to disseminate new ideas to restructure society There isn't one thing we make  that doesn't require a re-make This generation gets to change this world One would think law would be the forefront however law is a wallflower amidst innovation law presents a framework to redirect government's management societies governed through codes the Roman Empire trib es all societies create a legal membrane through which individuals act  in relation to nature efficacy should be  of concern any government that fails sentences its citizens to death the elite  consists of agencies with thousands of statutes and reg s Their realm of  decision-making is important in  determining whether  society will collapse most think of environmental law as one  of dozen specialties it is different accountable to nature and indigenous leaders humanity's laws ultimately survive or suffer If legislators in offices today make decisions to promote their  own interests they serve ruined societies our future is in dangerous hands The process of bureaucracy is of importance to survival U S has the most elaborate set of laws in the world


Question: Duval is an old OECD

Duval is an old OECD working papers. Inserted.

Görlach ’13 [Benjamin Görlach; February 2013; environmental economist and Senior Fellow with Ecologic Institute, formerly worked at the German Emissions Trading Authority at the Federal Environment Agency, MA international economic studies, University of Maastricht; , Berlinl Ecologic Institute, “What constitutes an optimal climate policy mix? Defining the concept of optimality, including political and legal framework conditions,” CECILIA2050 Deliverable 1.1]

Duval 2008 Working Paper OECD


Question: gorlach 2013

Duval is an old OECD working papers. Inserted.

Görlach ’13 [Benjamin Görlach; February 2013; environmental economist and Senior Fellow with Ecologic Institute, formerly worked at the German Emissions Trading Authority at the Federal Environment Agency, MA international economic studies, University of Maastricht; , Berlinl Ecologic Institute, “What constitutes an optimal climate policy mix? Defining the concept of optimality, including political and legal framework conditions,” CECILIA2050 Deliverable 1.1]

Duval 2008 Working Paper OECD


Question: Duval 2008 Working Paper

Duval is an old OECD working papers. Inserted.

Görlach ’13 [Benjamin Görlach; February 2013; environmental economist and Senior Fellow with Ecologic Institute, formerly worked at the German Emissions Trading Authority at the Federal Environment Agency, MA international economic studies, University of Maastricht; , Berlinl Ecologic Institute, “What constitutes an optimal climate policy mix? Defining the concept of optimality, including political and legal framework conditions,” CECILIA2050 Deliverable 1.1]

Duval 2008 Working Paper OECD


Question: optimal climate policy mix

Duval is an old OECD working papers. Inserted.

Görlach ’13 [Benjamin Görlach; February 2013; environmental economist and Senior Fellow with Ecologic Institute, formerly worked at the German Emissions Trading Authority at the Federal Environment Agency, MA international economic studies, University of Maastricht; , Berlinl Ecologic Institute, “What constitutes an optimal climate policy mix? Defining the concept of optimality, including political and legal framework conditions,” CECILIA2050 Deliverable 1.1]

Duval 2008 Working Paper OECD


Question: Ecologic Institute

Duval is an old OECD working papers. Inserted.

Görlach ’13 [Benjamin Görlach; February 2013; environmental economist and Senior Fellow with Ecologic Institute, formerly worked at the German Emissions Trading Authority at the Federal Environment Agency, MA international economic studies, University of Maastricht; , Berlinl Ecologic Institute, “What constitutes an optimal climate policy mix? Defining the concept of optimality, including political and legal framework conditions,” CECILIA2050 Deliverable 1.1]

Duval 2008 Working Paper OECD


Question: climate policy optimality

Duval is an old OECD working papers. Inserted.

Görlach ’13 [Benjamin Görlach; February 2013; environmental economist and Senior Fellow with Ecologic Institute, formerly worked at the German Emissions Trading Authority at the Federal Environment Agency, MA international economic studies, University of Maastricht; , Berlinl Ecologic Institute, “What constitutes an optimal climate policy mix? Defining the concept of optimality, including political and legal framework conditions,” CECILIA2050 Deliverable 1.1]

Duval 2008 Working Paper OECD


Question: Surveillance on queer life bad

Amidst the ever present looming surveillance on queer life, governance is the disease not the cure. Planning fugitive pathways is the only path forward.

Stanley 21 (Eric Stanley – Associate Professor of Gender and Women's Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, and coeditor of Trap Door: Trans Cultural Production and the Politics of Visibility and Captive Genders: Trans Embodiment and the Prison Industrial Complex “Atmospheres of Violence” pgs. 114-123) liz

Against relentless violence becoming ungovernable, offer a way through in the  U S less bad becomes the only freedom If the attempt to a more perfect democracy is the order under which deadly force expands, ungovernability becomes an abolitionist way of life. Sylvia Rivera’s climb to the top of a terf -swarmed stage and her “Revolution now!” opened, by desecrating the political, a post-politic cleared a path through brutality she knew as democracy’s nonchoice Ungovernability finds legal application in the court system as a charge for who live in refusal being beyond that system is to find safe passage out liberation as guerrilla warfare destitute the state refusal open possibility after options disappeared materiality of survival was never singular . intimacy of aid — offered wayward community networks of care help us learn “It’s easy to be free.” ungovernability is organized yet improvisational that revels in pleasure to collectivize refusal to “get together and abolish what is going on.  undoes incremental personhood minor acts building (end of the) world while allowing for life to fill it that reminds we never struggle alone unfinished experiment in collective action builds on itself, as pedagogies of rebellion always do getting ungovernable is a map for, “becoming liberated as we speak.”


Question: Stanley 21

Amidst the ever present looming surveillance on queer life, governance is the disease not the cure. Planning fugitive pathways is the only path forward.

Stanley 21 (Eric Stanley – Associate Professor of Gender and Women's Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, and coeditor of Trap Door: Trans Cultural Production and the Politics of Visibility and Captive Genders: Trans Embodiment and the Prison Industrial Complex “Atmospheres of Violence” pgs. 114-123) liz

Against relentless violence becoming ungovernable, offer a way through in the  U S less bad becomes the only freedom If the attempt to a more perfect democracy is the order under which deadly force expands, ungovernability becomes an abolitionist way of life. Sylvia Rivera’s climb to the top of a terf -swarmed stage and her “Revolution now!” opened, by desecrating the political, a post-politic cleared a path through brutality she knew as democracy’s nonchoice Ungovernability finds legal application in the court system as a charge for who live in refusal being beyond that system is to find safe passage out liberation as guerrilla warfare destitute the state refusal open possibility after options disappeared materiality of survival was never singular . intimacy of aid — offered wayward community networks of care help us learn “It’s easy to be free.” ungovernability is organized yet improvisational that revels in pleasure to collectivize refusal to “get together and abolish what is going on.  undoes incremental personhood minor acts building (end of the) world while allowing for life to fill it that reminds we never struggle alone unfinished experiment in collective action builds on itself, as pedagogies of rebellion always do getting ungovernable is a map for, “becoming liberated as we speak.”


Question: Eric Stanley

Amidst the ever present looming surveillance on queer life, governance is the disease not the cure. Planning fugitive pathways is the only path forward.

Stanley 21 (Eric Stanley – Associate Professor of Gender and Women's Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, and coeditor of Trap Door: Trans Cultural Production and the Politics of Visibility and Captive Genders: Trans Embodiment and the Prison Industrial Complex “Atmospheres of Violence” pgs. 114-123) liz

Against relentless violence becoming ungovernable, offer a way through in the  U S less bad becomes the only freedom If the attempt to a more perfect democracy is the order under which deadly force expands, ungovernability becomes an abolitionist way of life. Sylvia Rivera’s climb to the top of a terf -swarmed stage and her “Revolution now!” opened, by desecrating the political, a post-politic cleared a path through brutality she knew as democracy’s nonchoice Ungovernability finds legal application in the court system as a charge for who live in refusal being beyond that system is to find safe passage out liberation as guerrilla warfare destitute the state refusal open possibility after options disappeared materiality of survival was never singular . intimacy of aid — offered wayward community networks of care help us learn “It’s easy to be free.” ungovernability is organized yet improvisational that revels in pleasure to collectivize refusal to “get together and abolish what is going on.  undoes incremental personhood minor acts building (end of the) world while allowing for life to fill it that reminds we never struggle alone unfinished experiment in collective action builds on itself, as pedagogies of rebellion always do getting ungovernable is a map for, “becoming liberated as we speak.”


Question: governance is the disease

Amidst the ever present looming surveillance on queer life, governance is the disease not the cure. Planning fugitive pathways is the only path forward.

Stanley 21 (Eric Stanley – Associate Professor of Gender and Women's Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, and coeditor of Trap Door: Trans Cultural Production and the Politics of Visibility and Captive Genders: Trans Embodiment and the Prison Industrial Complex “Atmospheres of Violence” pgs. 114-123) liz

Against relentless violence becoming ungovernable, offer a way through in the  U S less bad becomes the only freedom If the attempt to a more perfect democracy is the order under which deadly force expands, ungovernability becomes an abolitionist way of life. Sylvia Rivera’s climb to the top of a terf -swarmed stage and her “Revolution now!” opened, by desecrating the political, a post-politic cleared a path through brutality she knew as democracy’s nonchoice Ungovernability finds legal application in the court system as a charge for who live in refusal being beyond that system is to find safe passage out liberation as guerrilla warfare destitute the state refusal open possibility after options disappeared materiality of survival was never singular . intimacy of aid — offered wayward community networks of care help us learn “It’s easy to be free.” ungovernability is organized yet improvisational that revels in pleasure to collectivize refusal to “get together and abolish what is going on.  undoes incremental personhood minor acts building (end of the) world while allowing for life to fill it that reminds we never struggle alone unfinished experiment in collective action builds on itself, as pedagogies of rebellion always do getting ungovernable is a map for, “becoming liberated as we speak.”


Question: planning fugitive pathways

Amidst the ever present looming surveillance on queer life, governance is the disease not the cure. Planning fugitive pathways is the only path forward.

Stanley 21 (Eric Stanley – Associate Professor of Gender and Women's Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, and coeditor of Trap Door: Trans Cultural Production and the Politics of Visibility and Captive Genders: Trans Embodiment and the Prison Industrial Complex “Atmospheres of Violence” pgs. 114-123) liz

Against relentless violence becoming ungovernable, offer a way through in the  U S less bad becomes the only freedom If the attempt to a more perfect democracy is the order under which deadly force expands, ungovernability becomes an abolitionist way of life. Sylvia Rivera’s climb to the top of a terf -swarmed stage and her “Revolution now!” opened, by desecrating the political, a post-politic cleared a path through brutality she knew as democracy’s nonchoice Ungovernability finds legal application in the court system as a charge for who live in refusal being beyond that system is to find safe passage out liberation as guerrilla warfare destitute the state refusal open possibility after options disappeared materiality of survival was never singular . intimacy of aid — offered wayward community networks of care help us learn “It’s easy to be free.” ungovernability is organized yet improvisational that revels in pleasure to collectivize refusal to “get together and abolish what is going on.  undoes incremental personhood minor acts building (end of the) world while allowing for life to fill it that reminds we never struggle alone unfinished experiment in collective action builds on itself, as pedagogies of rebellion always do getting ungovernable is a map for, “becoming liberated as we speak.”


Question: queer life surveillance

Amidst the ever present looming surveillance on queer life, governance is the disease not the cure. Planning fugitive pathways is the only path forward.

Stanley 21 (Eric Stanley – Associate Professor of Gender and Women's Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, and coeditor of Trap Door: Trans Cultural Production and the Politics of Visibility and Captive Genders: Trans Embodiment and the Prison Industrial Complex “Atmospheres of Violence” pgs. 114-123) liz

Against relentless violence becoming ungovernable, offer a way through in the  U S less bad becomes the only freedom If the attempt to a more perfect democracy is the order under which deadly force expands, ungovernability becomes an abolitionist way of life. Sylvia Rivera’s climb to the top of a terf -swarmed stage and her “Revolution now!” opened, by desecrating the political, a post-politic cleared a path through brutality she knew as democracy’s nonchoice Ungovernability finds legal application in the court system as a charge for who live in refusal being beyond that system is to find safe passage out liberation as guerrilla warfare destitute the state refusal open possibility after options disappeared materiality of survival was never singular . intimacy of aid — offered wayward community networks of care help us learn “It’s easy to be free.” ungovernability is organized yet improvisational that revels in pleasure to collectivize refusal to “get together and abolish what is going on.  undoes incremental personhood minor acts building (end of the) world while allowing for life to fill it that reminds we never struggle alone unfinished experiment in collective action builds on itself, as pedagogies of rebellion always do getting ungovernable is a map for, “becoming liberated as we speak.”


Question: abolitionist way of life

Amidst the ever present looming surveillance on queer life, governance is the disease not the cure. Planning fugitive pathways is the only path forward.

Stanley 21 (Eric Stanley – Associate Professor of Gender and Women's Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, and coeditor of Trap Door: Trans Cultural Production and the Politics of Visibility and Captive Genders: Trans Embodiment and the Prison Industrial Complex “Atmospheres of Violence” pgs. 114-123) liz

Against relentless violence becoming ungovernable, offer a way through in the  U S less bad becomes the only freedom If the attempt to a more perfect democracy is the order under which deadly force expands, ungovernability becomes an abolitionist way of life. Sylvia Rivera’s climb to the top of a terf -swarmed stage and her “Revolution now!” opened, by desecrating the political, a post-politic cleared a path through brutality she knew as democracy’s nonchoice Ungovernability finds legal application in the court system as a charge for who live in refusal being beyond that system is to find safe passage out liberation as guerrilla warfare destitute the state refusal open possibility after options disappeared materiality of survival was never singular . intimacy of aid — offered wayward community networks of care help us learn “It’s easy to be free.” ungovernability is organized yet improvisational that revels in pleasure to collectivize refusal to “get together and abolish what is going on.  undoes incremental personhood minor acts building (end of the) world while allowing for life to fill it that reminds we never struggle alone unfinished experiment in collective action builds on itself, as pedagogies of rebellion always do getting ungovernable is a map for, “becoming liberated as we speak.”


Question: ungovernability is organized

Amidst the ever present looming surveillance on queer life, governance is the disease not the cure. Planning fugitive pathways is the only path forward.

Stanley 21 (Eric Stanley – Associate Professor of Gender and Women's Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, and coeditor of Trap Door: Trans Cultural Production and the Politics of Visibility and Captive Genders: Trans Embodiment and the Prison Industrial Complex “Atmospheres of Violence” pgs. 114-123) liz

Against relentless violence becoming ungovernable, offer a way through in the  U S less bad becomes the only freedom If the attempt to a more perfect democracy is the order under which deadly force expands, ungovernability becomes an abolitionist way of life. Sylvia Rivera’s climb to the top of a terf -swarmed stage and her “Revolution now!” opened, by desecrating the political, a post-politic cleared a path through brutality she knew as democracy’s nonchoice Ungovernability finds legal application in the court system as a charge for who live in refusal being beyond that system is to find safe passage out liberation as guerrilla warfare destitute the state refusal open possibility after options disappeared materiality of survival was never singular . intimacy of aid — offered wayward community networks of care help us learn “It’s easy to be free.” ungovernability is organized yet improvisational that revels in pleasure to collectivize refusal to “get together and abolish what is going on.  undoes incremental personhood minor acts building (end of the) world while allowing for life to fill it that reminds we never struggle alone unfinished experiment in collective action builds on itself, as pedagogies of rebellion always do getting ungovernable is a map for, “becoming liberated as we speak.”


Question: No impact to debt

No impact to debt

Brian Levitt, 7-3-2024, Brian Levitt is a Global Market Strategist at Invesco. In this role, he is responsible for the development and communication of the firm’s investment outlooks and insights for North America. Brian is the author of Invesco’s Compelling Wealth Management Conversations, a program that helps investors manage their emotions and stick to their investment plans. He also authored the firm’s Financial Literacy program and works extensively with families to educate on personal finance. Brian co-hosts Invesco’s “Greater Possibilities” podcast. He joined Invesco when the firm combined with OppenheimerFunds in 2019. "Is the US national debt a risk to investments?", Invesco, https://www.invesco.com/us/en/insights/us-government-debt-investment-risk.html

national debt n't a looming disaster or even a problem not close to day of reckoning household net worth over $150 trillion nation is viewed by markets as a good creditor. With $200+ trillion in assets measuring debt against total assets paints a far more solvent picture Treasuries are the safest and most liquid assets in the world unlikely investors will lose their appetite fed owns 20% of US debt 40% of US debt is owned by US institutions 20% abroad not heavily concentrated in one country China risk seems unfounded China has been reducing its position in Treasuries for years


Question: Brian Levitt debt

No impact to debt

Brian Levitt, 7-3-2024, Brian Levitt is a Global Market Strategist at Invesco. In this role, he is responsible for the development and communication of the firm’s investment outlooks and insights for North America. Brian is the author of Invesco’s Compelling Wealth Management Conversations, a program that helps investors manage their emotions and stick to their investment plans. He also authored the firm’s Financial Literacy program and works extensively with families to educate on personal finance. Brian co-hosts Invesco’s “Greater Possibilities” podcast. He joined Invesco when the firm combined with OppenheimerFunds in 2019. "Is the US national debt a risk to investments?", Invesco, https://www.invesco.com/us/en/insights/us-government-debt-investment-risk.html

national debt n't a looming disaster or even a problem not close to day of reckoning household net worth over $150 trillion nation is viewed by markets as a good creditor. With $200+ trillion in assets measuring debt against total assets paints a far more solvent picture Treasuries are the safest and most liquid assets in the world unlikely investors will lose their appetite fed owns 20% of US debt 40% of US debt is owned by US institutions 20% abroad not heavily concentrated in one country China risk seems unfounded China has been reducing its position in Treasuries for years


Question: Brian Levitt Invesco

No impact to debt

Brian Levitt, 7-3-2024, Brian Levitt is a Global Market Strategist at Invesco. In this role, he is responsible for the development and communication of the firm’s investment outlooks and insights for North America. Brian is the author of Invesco’s Compelling Wealth Management Conversations, a program that helps investors manage their emotions and stick to their investment plans. He also authored the firm’s Financial Literacy program and works extensively with families to educate on personal finance. Brian co-hosts Invesco’s “Greater Possibilities” podcast. He joined Invesco when the firm combined with OppenheimerFunds in 2019. "Is the US national debt a risk to investments?", Invesco, https://www.invesco.com/us/en/insights/us-government-debt-investment-risk.html

national debt n't a looming disaster or even a problem not close to day of reckoning household net worth over $150 trillion nation is viewed by markets as a good creditor. With $200+ trillion in assets measuring debt against total assets paints a far more solvent picture Treasuries are the safest and most liquid assets in the world unlikely investors will lose their appetite fed owns 20% of US debt 40% of US debt is owned by US institutions 20% abroad not heavily concentrated in one country China risk seems unfounded China has been reducing its position in Treasuries for years


Question: US debt not a problem

No impact to debt

Brian Levitt, 7-3-2024, Brian Levitt is a Global Market Strategist at Invesco. In this role, he is responsible for the development and communication of the firm’s investment outlooks and insights for North America. Brian is the author of Invesco’s Compelling Wealth Management Conversations, a program that helps investors manage their emotions and stick to their investment plans. He also authored the firm’s Financial Literacy program and works extensively with families to educate on personal finance. Brian co-hosts Invesco’s “Greater Possibilities” podcast. He joined Invesco when the firm combined with OppenheimerFunds in 2019. "Is the US national debt a risk to investments?", Invesco, https://www.invesco.com/us/en/insights/us-government-debt-investment-risk.html

national debt n't a looming disaster or even a problem not close to day of reckoning household net worth over $150 trillion nation is viewed by markets as a good creditor. With $200+ trillion in assets measuring debt against total assets paints a far more solvent picture Treasuries are the safest and most liquid assets in the world unlikely investors will lose their appetite fed owns 20% of US debt 40% of US debt is owned by US institutions 20% abroad not heavily concentrated in one country China risk seems unfounded China has been reducing its position in Treasuries for years


Question: household net worth

No impact to debt

Brian Levitt, 7-3-2024, Brian Levitt is a Global Market Strategist at Invesco. In this role, he is responsible for the development and communication of the firm’s investment outlooks and insights for North America. Brian is the author of Invesco’s Compelling Wealth Management Conversations, a program that helps investors manage their emotions and stick to their investment plans. He also authored the firm’s Financial Literacy program and works extensively with families to educate on personal finance. Brian co-hosts Invesco’s “Greater Possibilities” podcast. He joined Invesco when the firm combined with OppenheimerFunds in 2019. "Is the US national debt a risk to investments?", Invesco, https://www.invesco.com/us/en/insights/us-government-debt-investment-risk.html

national debt n't a looming disaster or even a problem not close to day of reckoning household net worth over $150 trillion nation is viewed by markets as a good creditor. With $200+ trillion in assets measuring debt against total assets paints a far more solvent picture Treasuries are the safest and most liquid assets in the world unlikely investors will lose their appetite fed owns 20% of US debt 40% of US debt is owned by US institutions 20% abroad not heavily concentrated in one country China risk seems unfounded China has been reducing its position in Treasuries for years