Question: bodies voices relations

7---Yes the story of Sorrow is partly missing due to the misery of slavery that offense – the 1ac is a performance of critical fabulation

Casteli et al 24 (Published in European Journal of Pragmatism and American PhilosophyBodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Journal of Italian Philosophy Volume 7 (2024) Bodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Edited by Federica Castelli, Marco Piasentier, and Sara Raimondi)

Adrian Cavarero’s conversation with Black feminist narrative rewriting archives of Black life in the wake selfhood in relational terms critical fabulation kind of relational women and lives invisible a counternarrative relational uniqueness the accidental needs care singularity in Western philosophy embodied uniqueness in the name of the Human , or Man philosophy has reduced uniqueness to fit epistemic framework universal Man marked by exposure, vulnerability, and dependence” tropes as fiction, mythology, and autobiography and distinct genres , concept of critical fabulation, narrates a counternarrative


Question: critical fabulation relational

7---Yes the story of Sorrow is partly missing due to the misery of slavery that offense – the 1ac is a performance of critical fabulation

Casteli et al 24 (Published in European Journal of Pragmatism and American PhilosophyBodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Journal of Italian Philosophy Volume 7 (2024) Bodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Edited by Federica Castelli, Marco Piasentier, and Sara Raimondi)

Adrian Cavarero’s conversation with Black feminist narrative rewriting archives of Black life in the wake selfhood in relational terms critical fabulation kind of relational women and lives invisible a counternarrative relational uniqueness the accidental needs care singularity in Western philosophy embodied uniqueness in the name of the Human , or Man philosophy has reduced uniqueness to fit epistemic framework universal Man marked by exposure, vulnerability, and dependence” tropes as fiction, mythology, and autobiography and distinct genres , concept of critical fabulation, narrates a counternarrative


Question: Extinction

Extinction

Casadevall, 19

Fungal pathogens do not need a host Most are  environmental caused extinction of species devastating food supplies Fungal infections following  disasters add to the calamity follow  earthquakes a  dust storm tornado tsunamis a fungal threat can complicate catastrophic events


Question: Casadevall 19

Extinction

Casadevall, 19

Fungal pathogens do not need a host Most are  environmental caused extinction of species devastating food supplies Fungal infections following  disasters add to the calamity follow  earthquakes a  dust storm tornado tsunamis a fungal threat can complicate catastrophic events


Question: Fungal pathogens do not need a host

Extinction

Casadevall, 19

Fungal pathogens do not need a host Most are  environmental caused extinction of species devastating food supplies Fungal infections following  disasters add to the calamity follow  earthquakes a  dust storm tornado tsunamis a fungal threat can complicate catastrophic events


Question: Fungal threat complicate catastrophic events

Extinction

Casadevall, 19

Fungal pathogens do not need a host Most are  environmental caused extinction of species devastating food supplies Fungal infections following  disasters add to the calamity follow  earthquakes a  dust storm tornado tsunamis a fungal threat can complicate catastrophic events


Question: environmental caused extinction of species

Extinction

Casadevall, 19

Fungal pathogens do not need a host Most are  environmental caused extinction of species devastating food supplies Fungal infections following  disasters add to the calamity follow  earthquakes a  dust storm tornado tsunamis a fungal threat can complicate catastrophic events


Question: GOP will use CRA

a)  GOP would target the plan with the Congressional Review Act---only requires a simple majority to permanently roll the plan back---if they win ‘no link’, vote neg on presumption

Cara Cook 24, Director of Programs for the Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments, 7/12/24, “The Congressional Review Act and Threats to Environmental Health Explained,” https://envirn.org/cra-explained/

most threatening to environment efforts is C R A to increase oversight over agency actions joint resolution of disapproval earns majority vote rule is overturned no new rule substantially the same can be reissued unless authorized by law when passing reg s on any issue deemed threat to environment Congress has power to propose resolution of disapproval Given perceived threat environmental reg s have on the economy resolutions gain momentum if passed reg s immediately overturned we can see CRAs mobilized for reg s including climate change


Question: Cara Cook 24

a)  GOP would target the plan with the Congressional Review Act---only requires a simple majority to permanently roll the plan back---if they win ‘no link’, vote neg on presumption

Cara Cook 24, Director of Programs for the Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments, 7/12/24, “The Congressional Review Act and Threats to Environmental Health Explained,” https://envirn.org/cra-explained/

most threatening to environment efforts is C R A to increase oversight over agency actions joint resolution of disapproval earns majority vote rule is overturned no new rule substantially the same can be reissued unless authorized by law when passing reg s on any issue deemed threat to environment Congress has power to propose resolution of disapproval Given perceived threat environmental reg s have on the economy resolutions gain momentum if passed reg s immediately overturned we can see CRAs mobilized for reg s including climate change


Question: Congressional review act

a)  GOP would target the plan with the Congressional Review Act---only requires a simple majority to permanently roll the plan back---if they win ‘no link’, vote neg on presumption

Cara Cook 24, Director of Programs for the Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments, 7/12/24, “The Congressional Review Act and Threats to Environmental Health Explained,” https://envirn.org/cra-explained/

most threatening to environment efforts is C R A to increase oversight over agency actions joint resolution of disapproval earns majority vote rule is overturned no new rule substantially the same can be reissued unless authorized by law when passing reg s on any issue deemed threat to environment Congress has power to propose resolution of disapproval Given perceived threat environmental reg s have on the economy resolutions gain momentum if passed reg s immediately overturned we can see CRAs mobilized for reg s including climate change


Question: CRA rolls back environmental rules

a)  GOP would target the plan with the Congressional Review Act---only requires a simple majority to permanently roll the plan back---if they win ‘no link’, vote neg on presumption

Cara Cook 24, Director of Programs for the Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments, 7/12/24, “The Congressional Review Act and Threats to Environmental Health Explained,” https://envirn.org/cra-explained/

most threatening to environment efforts is C R A to increase oversight over agency actions joint resolution of disapproval earns majority vote rule is overturned no new rule substantially the same can be reissued unless authorized by law when passing reg s on any issue deemed threat to environment Congress has power to propose resolution of disapproval Given perceived threat environmental reg s have on the economy resolutions gain momentum if passed reg s immediately overturned we can see CRAs mobilized for reg s including climate change


Question: simple majority to roll back plan

a)  GOP would target the plan with the Congressional Review Act---only requires a simple majority to permanently roll the plan back---if they win ‘no link’, vote neg on presumption

Cara Cook 24, Director of Programs for the Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments, 7/12/24, “The Congressional Review Act and Threats to Environmental Health Explained,” https://envirn.org/cra-explained/

most threatening to environment efforts is C R A to increase oversight over agency actions joint resolution of disapproval earns majority vote rule is overturned no new rule substantially the same can be reissued unless authorized by law when passing reg s on any issue deemed threat to environment Congress has power to propose resolution of disapproval Given perceived threat environmental reg s have on the economy resolutions gain momentum if passed reg s immediately overturned we can see CRAs mobilized for reg s including climate change


Question: GOP targets plan with CRA

a)  GOP would target the plan with the Congressional Review Act---only requires a simple majority to permanently roll the plan back---if they win ‘no link’, vote neg on presumption

Cara Cook 24, Director of Programs for the Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments, 7/12/24, “The Congressional Review Act and Threats to Environmental Health Explained,” https://envirn.org/cra-explained/

most threatening to environment efforts is C R A to increase oversight over agency actions joint resolution of disapproval earns majority vote rule is overturned no new rule substantially the same can be reissued unless authorized by law when passing reg s on any issue deemed threat to environment Congress has power to propose resolution of disapproval Given perceived threat environmental reg s have on the economy resolutions gain momentum if passed reg s immediately overturned we can see CRAs mobilized for reg s including climate change


Question: Fights are high

3. Fights are high.

Rugaber, 12/5 – Federal Reserve Reporter @Time citing Oliver Blanchard, former top economist. (Christopher Rugaber. (11-13-2024). Why Trump and the Federal Reserve Could Clash. TIME. https://time.com/7199944/why-trump-and-the-federal-reserve-could-clash/; Neo)

Trump r raised  widespread concern  about interference  in the Fed clashes might be inevitable proposals to cut taxes impose steep tariffs are recipe for high inflation Powell won't cut rates as Trump will wa tax cuts could  fan inflationary pressures The risk of conflict is very high


Question: Rugaber on Trump Fed clashes

3. Fights are high.

Rugaber, 12/5 – Federal Reserve Reporter @Time citing Oliver Blanchard, former top economist. (Christopher Rugaber. (11-13-2024). Why Trump and the Federal Reserve Could Clash. TIME. https://time.com/7199944/why-trump-and-the-federal-reserve-could-clash/; Neo)

Trump r raised  widespread concern  about interference  in the Fed clashes might be inevitable proposals to cut taxes impose steep tariffs are recipe for high inflation Powell won't cut rates as Trump will wa tax cuts could  fan inflationary pressures The risk of conflict is very high


Question: Trump and the Federal Reserve

3. Fights are high.

Rugaber, 12/5 – Federal Reserve Reporter @Time citing Oliver Blanchard, former top economist. (Christopher Rugaber. (11-13-2024). Why Trump and the Federal Reserve Could Clash. TIME. https://time.com/7199944/why-trump-and-the-federal-reserve-could-clash/; Neo)

Trump r raised  widespread concern  about interference  in the Fed clashes might be inevitable proposals to cut taxes impose steep tariffs are recipe for high inflation Powell won't cut rates as Trump will wa tax cuts could  fan inflationary pressures The risk of conflict is very high


Question: Trump Fed interference

3. Fights are high.

Rugaber, 12/5 – Federal Reserve Reporter @Time citing Oliver Blanchard, former top economist. (Christopher Rugaber. (11-13-2024). Why Trump and the Federal Reserve Could Clash. TIME. https://time.com/7199944/why-trump-and-the-federal-reserve-could-clash/; Neo)

Trump r raised  widespread concern  about interference  in the Fed clashes might be inevitable proposals to cut taxes impose steep tariffs are recipe for high inflation Powell won't cut rates as Trump will wa tax cuts could  fan inflationary pressures The risk of conflict is very high


Question: Trump tax cuts inflation

3. Fights are high.

Rugaber, 12/5 – Federal Reserve Reporter @Time citing Oliver Blanchard, former top economist. (Christopher Rugaber. (11-13-2024). Why Trump and the Federal Reserve Could Clash. TIME. https://time.com/7199944/why-trump-and-the-federal-reserve-could-clash/; Neo)

Trump r raised  widespread concern  about interference  in the Fed clashes might be inevitable proposals to cut taxes impose steep tariffs are recipe for high inflation Powell won't cut rates as Trump will wa tax cuts could  fan inflationary pressures The risk of conflict is very high


Question: Powell rates trump

3. Fights are high.

Rugaber, 12/5 – Federal Reserve Reporter @Time citing Oliver Blanchard, former top economist. (Christopher Rugaber. (11-13-2024). Why Trump and the Federal Reserve Could Clash. TIME. https://time.com/7199944/why-trump-and-the-federal-reserve-could-clash/; Neo)

Trump r raised  widespread concern  about interference  in the Fed clashes might be inevitable proposals to cut taxes impose steep tariffs are recipe for high inflation Powell won't cut rates as Trump will wa tax cuts could  fan inflationary pressures The risk of conflict is very high


Question: Trump tariffs inflation

3. Fights are high.

Rugaber, 12/5 – Federal Reserve Reporter @Time citing Oliver Blanchard, former top economist. (Christopher Rugaber. (11-13-2024). Why Trump and the Federal Reserve Could Clash. TIME. https://time.com/7199944/why-trump-and-the-federal-reserve-could-clash/; Neo)

Trump r raised  widespread concern  about interference  in the Fed clashes might be inevitable proposals to cut taxes impose steep tariffs are recipe for high inflation Powell won't cut rates as Trump will wa tax cuts could  fan inflationary pressures The risk of conflict is very high


Question: Regulation unnecessary tanks and trucks solve

A change in regulation’s unnecessary---tanks and trucks solve.

Royal Chemical 21. Chemical contract manufacturer. “Using Bulk Trucks for Chemical Transport.” 10/8/21.  https://www.royalchemical.com/blog/using-bulk-trucks-for-chemical-transport.

trucks or tankers carry chemical products around the country Liquid bulk tanks and can hold 7,500 gallons Dry bulk tankers Dry vans All allow for secure storage and shipment in large quantities


Question: Royal Chemical 21

A change in regulation’s unnecessary---tanks and trucks solve.

Royal Chemical 21. Chemical contract manufacturer. “Using Bulk Trucks for Chemical Transport.” 10/8/21.  https://www.royalchemical.com/blog/using-bulk-trucks-for-chemical-transport.

trucks or tankers carry chemical products around the country Liquid bulk tanks and can hold 7,500 gallons Dry bulk tankers Dry vans All allow for secure storage and shipment in large quantities


Question: Bulk trucks transport chemicals

A change in regulation’s unnecessary---tanks and trucks solve.

Royal Chemical 21. Chemical contract manufacturer. “Using Bulk Trucks for Chemical Transport.” 10/8/21.  https://www.royalchemical.com/blog/using-bulk-trucks-for-chemical-transport.

trucks or tankers carry chemical products around the country Liquid bulk tanks and can hold 7,500 gallons Dry bulk tankers Dry vans All allow for secure storage and shipment in large quantities


Question: trucks or tankers carry chemical products

A change in regulation’s unnecessary---tanks and trucks solve.

Royal Chemical 21. Chemical contract manufacturer. “Using Bulk Trucks for Chemical Transport.” 10/8/21.  https://www.royalchemical.com/blog/using-bulk-trucks-for-chemical-transport.

trucks or tankers carry chemical products around the country Liquid bulk tanks and can hold 7,500 gallons Dry bulk tankers Dry vans All allow for secure storage and shipment in large quantities


Question: bulk tanks hold 7500 gallons

A change in regulation’s unnecessary---tanks and trucks solve.

Royal Chemical 21. Chemical contract manufacturer. “Using Bulk Trucks for Chemical Transport.” 10/8/21.  https://www.royalchemical.com/blog/using-bulk-trucks-for-chemical-transport.

trucks or tankers carry chemical products around the country Liquid bulk tanks and can hold 7,500 gallons Dry bulk tankers Dry vans All allow for secure storage and shipment in large quantities


Question: secure storage and shipment chemicals

A change in regulation’s unnecessary---tanks and trucks solve.

Royal Chemical 21. Chemical contract manufacturer. “Using Bulk Trucks for Chemical Transport.” 10/8/21.  https://www.royalchemical.com/blog/using-bulk-trucks-for-chemical-transport.

trucks or tankers carry chemical products around the country Liquid bulk tanks and can hold 7,500 gallons Dry bulk tankers Dry vans All allow for secure storage and shipment in large quantities


Question: Policy is just proposed

B—‘Policy’ by itself could just be proposed.

Facciola 11, Judge, United States District Court, District of Columbia (John Facciola, 2011, “Rayming Chang v. United States,” United States District Court for the District of Columbia, No. 02-2010, University of Kansas Libraries, Lexis)

" policy " means "[a] principle or action adopted or proposed as desirable by a government


Question: Facciola 11

B—‘Policy’ by itself could just be proposed.

Facciola 11, Judge, United States District Court, District of Columbia (John Facciola, 2011, “Rayming Chang v. United States,” United States District Court for the District of Columbia, No. 02-2010, University of Kansas Libraries, Lexis)

" policy " means "[a] principle or action adopted or proposed as desirable by a government


Question: policy principle or action

B—‘Policy’ by itself could just be proposed.

Facciola 11, Judge, United States District Court, District of Columbia (John Facciola, 2011, “Rayming Chang v. United States,” United States District Court for the District of Columbia, No. 02-2010, University of Kansas Libraries, Lexis)

" policy " means "[a] principle or action adopted or proposed as desirable by a government


Question: policy definition

B—‘Policy’ by itself could just be proposed.

Facciola 11, Judge, United States District Court, District of Columbia (John Facciola, 2011, “Rayming Chang v. United States,” United States District Court for the District of Columbia, No. 02-2010, University of Kansas Libraries, Lexis)

" policy " means "[a] principle or action adopted or proposed as desirable by a government


Question: definition of policy

B—‘Policy’ by itself could just be proposed.

Facciola 11, Judge, United States District Court, District of Columbia (John Facciola, 2011, “Rayming Chang v. United States,” United States District Court for the District of Columbia, No. 02-2010, University of Kansas Libraries, Lexis)

" policy " means "[a] principle or action adopted or proposed as desirable by a government


Question: policy is adopted or proposed

B—‘Policy’ by itself could just be proposed.

Facciola 11, Judge, United States District Court, District of Columbia (John Facciola, 2011, “Rayming Chang v. United States,” United States District Court for the District of Columbia, No. 02-2010, University of Kansas Libraries, Lexis)

" policy " means "[a] principle or action adopted or proposed as desirable by a government


Question: Trump 2.0 guarantees rate hikes

Trump 2.0 guarantees rate hikes---sticky inflation, tax cuts, tariffs and immigration

Jason Ma, 24. Markets, economy, finance @ Fortune, previously Business Insider and Dow Jones Newswire. “There’s now a 40% chance the Fed will pivot back to hiking rates again next year, top economist says.” Fortune. 12-21-2024. https://fortune.com/2024/12/21/fed-rate-outlook-2025-40-percent-chance-hike-inflation-trump-tariffs-tax-cuts/

Wall Street threw a tantrum over fewer rates cuts a rate hike is possible too strong economy combined with lower taxes higher tariffs and restrictions on immigration Fed will have to hike rates see a 40% probability the economy is so robust estimates show no slowdown Trump adding to inflation still above Fed’s target give less room to lower rates officials taking  into account they significantly raised inflation forecasts starting to look similar to 22 high inflation rising rates and falling stock prices markets suffered their worst year Wall Street seeing more hawkishness odds of no rate cuts next year are high growth will be  much stronger the Fed expects the neutral rate higher


Question: Jason Ma 24

Trump 2.0 guarantees rate hikes---sticky inflation, tax cuts, tariffs and immigration

Jason Ma, 24. Markets, economy, finance @ Fortune, previously Business Insider and Dow Jones Newswire. “There’s now a 40% chance the Fed will pivot back to hiking rates again next year, top economist says.” Fortune. 12-21-2024. https://fortune.com/2024/12/21/fed-rate-outlook-2025-40-percent-chance-hike-inflation-trump-tariffs-tax-cuts/

Wall Street threw a tantrum over fewer rates cuts a rate hike is possible too strong economy combined with lower taxes higher tariffs and restrictions on immigration Fed will have to hike rates see a 40% probability the economy is so robust estimates show no slowdown Trump adding to inflation still above Fed’s target give less room to lower rates officials taking  into account they significantly raised inflation forecasts starting to look similar to 22 high inflation rising rates and falling stock prices markets suffered their worst year Wall Street seeing more hawkishness odds of no rate cuts next year are high growth will be  much stronger the Fed expects the neutral rate higher


Question: Trump tariffs inflation

Trump 2.0 guarantees rate hikes---sticky inflation, tax cuts, tariffs and immigration

Jason Ma, 24. Markets, economy, finance @ Fortune, previously Business Insider and Dow Jones Newswire. “There’s now a 40% chance the Fed will pivot back to hiking rates again next year, top economist says.” Fortune. 12-21-2024. https://fortune.com/2024/12/21/fed-rate-outlook-2025-40-percent-chance-hike-inflation-trump-tariffs-tax-cuts/

Wall Street threw a tantrum over fewer rates cuts a rate hike is possible too strong economy combined with lower taxes higher tariffs and restrictions on immigration Fed will have to hike rates see a 40% probability the economy is so robust estimates show no slowdown Trump adding to inflation still above Fed’s target give less room to lower rates officials taking  into account they significantly raised inflation forecasts starting to look similar to 22 high inflation rising rates and falling stock prices markets suffered their worst year Wall Street seeing more hawkishness odds of no rate cuts next year are high growth will be  much stronger the Fed expects the neutral rate higher


Question: Fed rate outlook hike

Trump 2.0 guarantees rate hikes---sticky inflation, tax cuts, tariffs and immigration

Jason Ma, 24. Markets, economy, finance @ Fortune, previously Business Insider and Dow Jones Newswire. “There’s now a 40% chance the Fed will pivot back to hiking rates again next year, top economist says.” Fortune. 12-21-2024. https://fortune.com/2024/12/21/fed-rate-outlook-2025-40-percent-chance-hike-inflation-trump-tariffs-tax-cuts/

Wall Street threw a tantrum over fewer rates cuts a rate hike is possible too strong economy combined with lower taxes higher tariffs and restrictions on immigration Fed will have to hike rates see a 40% probability the economy is so robust estimates show no slowdown Trump adding to inflation still above Fed’s target give less room to lower rates officials taking  into account they significantly raised inflation forecasts starting to look similar to 22 high inflation rising rates and falling stock prices markets suffered their worst year Wall Street seeing more hawkishness odds of no rate cuts next year are high growth will be  much stronger the Fed expects the neutral rate higher


Question: strong economy taxes tariffs immigration

Trump 2.0 guarantees rate hikes---sticky inflation, tax cuts, tariffs and immigration

Jason Ma, 24. Markets, economy, finance @ Fortune, previously Business Insider and Dow Jones Newswire. “There’s now a 40% chance the Fed will pivot back to hiking rates again next year, top economist says.” Fortune. 12-21-2024. https://fortune.com/2024/12/21/fed-rate-outlook-2025-40-percent-chance-hike-inflation-trump-tariffs-tax-cuts/

Wall Street threw a tantrum over fewer rates cuts a rate hike is possible too strong economy combined with lower taxes higher tariffs and restrictions on immigration Fed will have to hike rates see a 40% probability the economy is so robust estimates show no slowdown Trump adding to inflation still above Fed’s target give less room to lower rates officials taking  into account they significantly raised inflation forecasts starting to look similar to 22 high inflation rising rates and falling stock prices markets suffered their worst year Wall Street seeing more hawkishness odds of no rate cuts next year are high growth will be  much stronger the Fed expects the neutral rate higher


Question: Trump 2.0 inflation rate hikes

Trump 2.0 guarantees rate hikes---sticky inflation, tax cuts, tariffs and immigration

Jason Ma, 24. Markets, economy, finance @ Fortune, previously Business Insider and Dow Jones Newswire. “There’s now a 40% chance the Fed will pivot back to hiking rates again next year, top economist says.” Fortune. 12-21-2024. https://fortune.com/2024/12/21/fed-rate-outlook-2025-40-percent-chance-hike-inflation-trump-tariffs-tax-cuts/

Wall Street threw a tantrum over fewer rates cuts a rate hike is possible too strong economy combined with lower taxes higher tariffs and restrictions on immigration Fed will have to hike rates see a 40% probability the economy is so robust estimates show no slowdown Trump adding to inflation still above Fed’s target give less room to lower rates officials taking  into account they significantly raised inflation forecasts starting to look similar to 22 high inflation rising rates and falling stock prices markets suffered their worst year Wall Street seeing more hawkishness odds of no rate cuts next year are high growth will be  much stronger the Fed expects the neutral rate higher


Question: Fed will hike rates

Trump 2.0 guarantees rate hikes---sticky inflation, tax cuts, tariffs and immigration

Jason Ma, 24. Markets, economy, finance @ Fortune, previously Business Insider and Dow Jones Newswire. “There’s now a 40% chance the Fed will pivot back to hiking rates again next year, top economist says.” Fortune. 12-21-2024. https://fortune.com/2024/12/21/fed-rate-outlook-2025-40-percent-chance-hike-inflation-trump-tariffs-tax-cuts/

Wall Street threw a tantrum over fewer rates cuts a rate hike is possible too strong economy combined with lower taxes higher tariffs and restrictions on immigration Fed will have to hike rates see a 40% probability the economy is so robust estimates show no slowdown Trump adding to inflation still above Fed’s target give less room to lower rates officials taking  into account they significantly raised inflation forecasts starting to look similar to 22 high inflation rising rates and falling stock prices markets suffered their worst year Wall Street seeing more hawkishness odds of no rate cuts next year are high growth will be  much stronger the Fed expects the neutral rate higher


Question: Food systems adapting to climate change

Food systems are adapting to climate change

Morrison ‘23 [Rose Morrison holds a degree in Professional, Technical, Business, and Scientific Writing from the University of Pittsburgh and is the Managing Editor of Renovated, “11 Ways Farmers Are Adapting to the Unpredictability of Climate Change,” 10-26-23, https://earth.org/11-ways-farmers-are-adapting-to-the-unpredictability-of-climate-change/]

Farmers are demonstrating remarkable resilience and adaptability in the face of climate change Diversification provides a buffer against crop failures and prevents disease Tech advancements have played a crucial role helping farmers adapt Precision ag like GPS-guided tractors and drones, optimise use of resources farmers can make informed decisions when to plant and harvest Sustainability has become a central foc us sustainable farming contribute to biodiversity conservation vital for resilience innovative irrigation make the most of available water Water recycling and storage store excess water for dry spells farmers are adopting high-yield crop varieties and rotation This helps meet rising demand programmes are developing climate-resilient varieties that can withstand extreme temperatures, droughts and stresses early warning systems for extreme weather have become invaluable for risk mitigation


Question: Morrison 23

Food systems are adapting to climate change

Morrison ‘23 [Rose Morrison holds a degree in Professional, Technical, Business, and Scientific Writing from the University of Pittsburgh and is the Managing Editor of Renovated, “11 Ways Farmers Are Adapting to the Unpredictability of Climate Change,” 10-26-23, https://earth.org/11-ways-farmers-are-adapting-to-the-unpredictability-of-climate-change/]

Farmers are demonstrating remarkable resilience and adaptability in the face of climate change Diversification provides a buffer against crop failures and prevents disease Tech advancements have played a crucial role helping farmers adapt Precision ag like GPS-guided tractors and drones, optimise use of resources farmers can make informed decisions when to plant and harvest Sustainability has become a central foc us sustainable farming contribute to biodiversity conservation vital for resilience innovative irrigation make the most of available water Water recycling and storage store excess water for dry spells farmers are adopting high-yield crop varieties and rotation This helps meet rising demand programmes are developing climate-resilient varieties that can withstand extreme temperatures, droughts and stresses early warning systems for extreme weather have become invaluable for risk mitigation


Question: farmers adapting to unpredictability

Food systems are adapting to climate change

Morrison ‘23 [Rose Morrison holds a degree in Professional, Technical, Business, and Scientific Writing from the University of Pittsburgh and is the Managing Editor of Renovated, “11 Ways Farmers Are Adapting to the Unpredictability of Climate Change,” 10-26-23, https://earth.org/11-ways-farmers-are-adapting-to-the-unpredictability-of-climate-change/]

Farmers are demonstrating remarkable resilience and adaptability in the face of climate change Diversification provides a buffer against crop failures and prevents disease Tech advancements have played a crucial role helping farmers adapt Precision ag like GPS-guided tractors and drones, optimise use of resources farmers can make informed decisions when to plant and harvest Sustainability has become a central foc us sustainable farming contribute to biodiversity conservation vital for resilience innovative irrigation make the most of available water Water recycling and storage store excess water for dry spells farmers are adopting high-yield crop varieties and rotation This helps meet rising demand programmes are developing climate-resilient varieties that can withstand extreme temperatures, droughts and stresses early warning systems for extreme weather have become invaluable for risk mitigation


Question: farmers resilience

Food systems are adapting to climate change

Morrison ‘23 [Rose Morrison holds a degree in Professional, Technical, Business, and Scientific Writing from the University of Pittsburgh and is the Managing Editor of Renovated, “11 Ways Farmers Are Adapting to the Unpredictability of Climate Change,” 10-26-23, https://earth.org/11-ways-farmers-are-adapting-to-the-unpredictability-of-climate-change/]

Farmers are demonstrating remarkable resilience and adaptability in the face of climate change Diversification provides a buffer against crop failures and prevents disease Tech advancements have played a crucial role helping farmers adapt Precision ag like GPS-guided tractors and drones, optimise use of resources farmers can make informed decisions when to plant and harvest Sustainability has become a central foc us sustainable farming contribute to biodiversity conservation vital for resilience innovative irrigation make the most of available water Water recycling and storage store excess water for dry spells farmers are adopting high-yield crop varieties and rotation This helps meet rising demand programmes are developing climate-resilient varieties that can withstand extreme temperatures, droughts and stresses early warning systems for extreme weather have become invaluable for risk mitigation


Question: precision ag

Food systems are adapting to climate change

Morrison ‘23 [Rose Morrison holds a degree in Professional, Technical, Business, and Scientific Writing from the University of Pittsburgh and is the Managing Editor of Renovated, “11 Ways Farmers Are Adapting to the Unpredictability of Climate Change,” 10-26-23, https://earth.org/11-ways-farmers-are-adapting-to-the-unpredictability-of-climate-change/]

Farmers are demonstrating remarkable resilience and adaptability in the face of climate change Diversification provides a buffer against crop failures and prevents disease Tech advancements have played a crucial role helping farmers adapt Precision ag like GPS-guided tractors and drones, optimise use of resources farmers can make informed decisions when to plant and harvest Sustainability has become a central foc us sustainable farming contribute to biodiversity conservation vital for resilience innovative irrigation make the most of available water Water recycling and storage store excess water for dry spells farmers are adopting high-yield crop varieties and rotation This helps meet rising demand programmes are developing climate-resilient varieties that can withstand extreme temperatures, droughts and stresses early warning systems for extreme weather have become invaluable for risk mitigation


Question: tech advancements farmers

Food systems are adapting to climate change

Morrison ‘23 [Rose Morrison holds a degree in Professional, Technical, Business, and Scientific Writing from the University of Pittsburgh and is the Managing Editor of Renovated, “11 Ways Farmers Are Adapting to the Unpredictability of Climate Change,” 10-26-23, https://earth.org/11-ways-farmers-are-adapting-to-the-unpredictability-of-climate-change/]

Farmers are demonstrating remarkable resilience and adaptability in the face of climate change Diversification provides a buffer against crop failures and prevents disease Tech advancements have played a crucial role helping farmers adapt Precision ag like GPS-guided tractors and drones, optimise use of resources farmers can make informed decisions when to plant and harvest Sustainability has become a central foc us sustainable farming contribute to biodiversity conservation vital for resilience innovative irrigation make the most of available water Water recycling and storage store excess water for dry spells farmers are adopting high-yield crop varieties and rotation This helps meet rising demand programmes are developing climate-resilient varieties that can withstand extreme temperatures, droughts and stresses early warning systems for extreme weather have become invaluable for risk mitigation


Question: climate-resilient varieties

Food systems are adapting to climate change

Morrison ‘23 [Rose Morrison holds a degree in Professional, Technical, Business, and Scientific Writing from the University of Pittsburgh and is the Managing Editor of Renovated, “11 Ways Farmers Are Adapting to the Unpredictability of Climate Change,” 10-26-23, https://earth.org/11-ways-farmers-are-adapting-to-the-unpredictability-of-climate-change/]

Farmers are demonstrating remarkable resilience and adaptability in the face of climate change Diversification provides a buffer against crop failures and prevents disease Tech advancements have played a crucial role helping farmers adapt Precision ag like GPS-guided tractors and drones, optimise use of resources farmers can make informed decisions when to plant and harvest Sustainability has become a central foc us sustainable farming contribute to biodiversity conservation vital for resilience innovative irrigation make the most of available water Water recycling and storage store excess water for dry spells farmers are adopting high-yield crop varieties and rotation This helps meet rising demand programmes are developing climate-resilient varieties that can withstand extreme temperatures, droughts and stresses early warning systems for extreme weather have become invaluable for risk mitigation


Question: sustainable farming

Food systems are adapting to climate change

Morrison ‘23 [Rose Morrison holds a degree in Professional, Technical, Business, and Scientific Writing from the University of Pittsburgh and is the Managing Editor of Renovated, “11 Ways Farmers Are Adapting to the Unpredictability of Climate Change,” 10-26-23, https://earth.org/11-ways-farmers-are-adapting-to-the-unpredictability-of-climate-change/]

Farmers are demonstrating remarkable resilience and adaptability in the face of climate change Diversification provides a buffer against crop failures and prevents disease Tech advancements have played a crucial role helping farmers adapt Precision ag like GPS-guided tractors and drones, optimise use of resources farmers can make informed decisions when to plant and harvest Sustainability has become a central foc us sustainable farming contribute to biodiversity conservation vital for resilience innovative irrigation make the most of available water Water recycling and storage store excess water for dry spells farmers are adopting high-yield crop varieties and rotation This helps meet rising demand programmes are developing climate-resilient varieties that can withstand extreme temperatures, droughts and stresses early warning systems for extreme weather have become invaluable for risk mitigation


Question: philosophical competition not arbitrary

Philosophical competition --- if we have a DA than it’s not arbitrary locus

Steve Mancuso 81, “Counterplans Must Be Competitive”, Original Source: Wake Forest University Debater’s Research Guide, “Alternatives in Education: Stagnation or Renewal”, 1981

philosophical competitiveness counterplan are philosophically incompatible should not be simultaneously negative translate philosophical difference into a meaningful disadvantage a net benefit standard without requiring a disadvantage, would permit arbitrary philosophical distinctions negative demonstrate philosophical disadvantage


Question: mancuso 81

Philosophical competition --- if we have a DA than it’s not arbitrary locus

Steve Mancuso 81, “Counterplans Must Be Competitive”, Original Source: Wake Forest University Debater’s Research Guide, “Alternatives in Education: Stagnation or Renewal”, 1981

philosophical competitiveness counterplan are philosophically incompatible should not be simultaneously negative translate philosophical difference into a meaningful disadvantage a net benefit standard without requiring a disadvantage, would permit arbitrary philosophical distinctions negative demonstrate philosophical disadvantage


Question: steve mancuso

Philosophical competition --- if we have a DA than it’s not arbitrary locus

Steve Mancuso 81, “Counterplans Must Be Competitive”, Original Source: Wake Forest University Debater’s Research Guide, “Alternatives in Education: Stagnation or Renewal”, 1981

philosophical competitiveness counterplan are philosophically incompatible should not be simultaneously negative translate philosophical difference into a meaningful disadvantage a net benefit standard without requiring a disadvantage, would permit arbitrary philosophical distinctions negative demonstrate philosophical disadvantage


Question: counterplans must be competitive

Philosophical competition --- if we have a DA than it’s not arbitrary locus

Steve Mancuso 81, “Counterplans Must Be Competitive”, Original Source: Wake Forest University Debater’s Research Guide, “Alternatives in Education: Stagnation or Renewal”, 1981

philosophical competitiveness counterplan are philosophically incompatible should not be simultaneously negative translate philosophical difference into a meaningful disadvantage a net benefit standard without requiring a disadvantage, would permit arbitrary philosophical distinctions negative demonstrate philosophical disadvantage


Question: philosophical difference disadvantage

Philosophical competition --- if we have a DA than it’s not arbitrary locus

Steve Mancuso 81, “Counterplans Must Be Competitive”, Original Source: Wake Forest University Debater’s Research Guide, “Alternatives in Education: Stagnation or Renewal”, 1981

philosophical competitiveness counterplan are philosophically incompatible should not be simultaneously negative translate philosophical difference into a meaningful disadvantage a net benefit standard without requiring a disadvantage, would permit arbitrary philosophical distinctions negative demonstrate philosophical disadvantage


Question: philosophical competition counterplan

Philosophical competition --- if we have a DA than it’s not arbitrary locus

Steve Mancuso 81, “Counterplans Must Be Competitive”, Original Source: Wake Forest University Debater’s Research Guide, “Alternatives in Education: Stagnation or Renewal”, 1981

philosophical competitiveness counterplan are philosophically incompatible should not be simultaneously negative translate philosophical difference into a meaningful disadvantage a net benefit standard without requiring a disadvantage, would permit arbitrary philosophical distinctions negative demonstrate philosophical disadvantage


Question: net benefit standard arbitrary

Philosophical competition --- if we have a DA than it’s not arbitrary locus

Steve Mancuso 81, “Counterplans Must Be Competitive”, Original Source: Wake Forest University Debater’s Research Guide, “Alternatives in Education: Stagnation or Renewal”, 1981

philosophical competitiveness counterplan are philosophically incompatible should not be simultaneously negative translate philosophical difference into a meaningful disadvantage a net benefit standard without requiring a disadvantage, would permit arbitrary philosophical distinctions negative demonstrate philosophical disadvantage


Question: Neg studies are cherry-picked

Neg studies are cherry-picked.

Amitrajeet Batabyal 11/8. Distinguished Professor, the Arthur J. Gosnell professor of economics, and the Interim Head of the Sustainability Department at the Rochester Institute of Technology. “Why we ought to support carbon pricing.” 11/8/24. https://rbj.net/2024/11/08/why-we-ought-to-support-carbon-pricing-guest-opinion/

criticisms are misguided  and just wrong carbon pricing lead all decisions by investors innovators producers, and consumers accomplishes systemic effectiveness small reductions argument is invalid pricing leads to non-trivial emission reduction gains it limits rebound ensures renewables replace fossil fuels makes sure life-cycle emissions are dealt with detractors contend limited empirical evidence there is now ample


Question: Amitrajeet Batabyal

Neg studies are cherry-picked.

Amitrajeet Batabyal 11/8. Distinguished Professor, the Arthur J. Gosnell professor of economics, and the Interim Head of the Sustainability Department at the Rochester Institute of Technology. “Why we ought to support carbon pricing.” 11/8/24. https://rbj.net/2024/11/08/why-we-ought-to-support-carbon-pricing-guest-opinion/

criticisms are misguided  and just wrong carbon pricing lead all decisions by investors innovators producers, and consumers accomplishes systemic effectiveness small reductions argument is invalid pricing leads to non-trivial emission reduction gains it limits rebound ensures renewables replace fossil fuels makes sure life-cycle emissions are dealt with detractors contend limited empirical evidence there is now ample


Question: Batabyal 11/8

Neg studies are cherry-picked.

Amitrajeet Batabyal 11/8. Distinguished Professor, the Arthur J. Gosnell professor of economics, and the Interim Head of the Sustainability Department at the Rochester Institute of Technology. “Why we ought to support carbon pricing.” 11/8/24. https://rbj.net/2024/11/08/why-we-ought-to-support-carbon-pricing-guest-opinion/

criticisms are misguided  and just wrong carbon pricing lead all decisions by investors innovators producers, and consumers accomplishes systemic effectiveness small reductions argument is invalid pricing leads to non-trivial emission reduction gains it limits rebound ensures renewables replace fossil fuels makes sure life-cycle emissions are dealt with detractors contend limited empirical evidence there is now ample


Question: carbon pricing effective

Neg studies are cherry-picked.

Amitrajeet Batabyal 11/8. Distinguished Professor, the Arthur J. Gosnell professor of economics, and the Interim Head of the Sustainability Department at the Rochester Institute of Technology. “Why we ought to support carbon pricing.” 11/8/24. https://rbj.net/2024/11/08/why-we-ought-to-support-carbon-pricing-guest-opinion/

criticisms are misguided  and just wrong carbon pricing lead all decisions by investors innovators producers, and consumers accomplishes systemic effectiveness small reductions argument is invalid pricing leads to non-trivial emission reduction gains it limits rebound ensures renewables replace fossil fuels makes sure life-cycle emissions are dealt with detractors contend limited empirical evidence there is now ample


Question: criticisms of carbon pricing wrong

Neg studies are cherry-picked.

Amitrajeet Batabyal 11/8. Distinguished Professor, the Arthur J. Gosnell professor of economics, and the Interim Head of the Sustainability Department at the Rochester Institute of Technology. “Why we ought to support carbon pricing.” 11/8/24. https://rbj.net/2024/11/08/why-we-ought-to-support-carbon-pricing-guest-opinion/

criticisms are misguided  and just wrong carbon pricing lead all decisions by investors innovators producers, and consumers accomplishes systemic effectiveness small reductions argument is invalid pricing leads to non-trivial emission reduction gains it limits rebound ensures renewables replace fossil fuels makes sure life-cycle emissions are dealt with detractors contend limited empirical evidence there is now ample


Question: pricing leads to emission reduction gains

Neg studies are cherry-picked.

Amitrajeet Batabyal 11/8. Distinguished Professor, the Arthur J. Gosnell professor of economics, and the Interim Head of the Sustainability Department at the Rochester Institute of Technology. “Why we ought to support carbon pricing.” 11/8/24. https://rbj.net/2024/11/08/why-we-ought-to-support-carbon-pricing-guest-opinion/

criticisms are misguided  and just wrong carbon pricing lead all decisions by investors innovators producers, and consumers accomplishes systemic effectiveness small reductions argument is invalid pricing leads to non-trivial emission reduction gains it limits rebound ensures renewables replace fossil fuels makes sure life-cycle emissions are dealt with detractors contend limited empirical evidence there is now ample


Question: increases carbon emissions and water

It increases carbon emissions and water vapor fluxes.

Mark Z. Jacobson 23. Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Director of the Atmosphere/Energy Program, Stanford University. “7 reasons why nuclear energy is not the answer to solve climate change.” One Earth. 12-1-2023. https://www.oneearth.org/the-7-reasons-why-nuclear-energy-is-not-the-answer-to-solve-climate-change/#:~:text=Carbon%2DEquivalent%20Emissions%20and%20Air,kWh%2C%20not%20close%20to%200.

Carbon Emissions There is no such thing as a zero nuclear power plant existing plants emit due to mining and refining Emissions are 78 to 178 all nuclear plants emit 4.4 from the water vapor This contrasts with solar and wind which reduce heat resulted in China’s CO2 emissions increasing 1.3 percent have caused 69,000 additional air pollution deaths


Question: Mark Jacobson nuclear bad

It increases carbon emissions and water vapor fluxes.

Mark Z. Jacobson 23. Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Director of the Atmosphere/Energy Program, Stanford University. “7 reasons why nuclear energy is not the answer to solve climate change.” One Earth. 12-1-2023. https://www.oneearth.org/the-7-reasons-why-nuclear-energy-is-not-the-answer-to-solve-climate-change/#:~:text=Carbon%2DEquivalent%20Emissions%20and%20Air,kWh%2C%20not%20close%20to%200.

Carbon Emissions There is no such thing as a zero nuclear power plant existing plants emit due to mining and refining Emissions are 78 to 178 all nuclear plants emit 4.4 from the water vapor This contrasts with solar and wind which reduce heat resulted in China’s CO2 emissions increasing 1.3 percent have caused 69,000 additional air pollution deaths


Question: nuclear energy high emissions

It increases carbon emissions and water vapor fluxes.

Mark Z. Jacobson 23. Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Director of the Atmosphere/Energy Program, Stanford University. “7 reasons why nuclear energy is not the answer to solve climate change.” One Earth. 12-1-2023. https://www.oneearth.org/the-7-reasons-why-nuclear-energy-is-not-the-answer-to-solve-climate-change/#:~:text=Carbon%2DEquivalent%20Emissions%20and%20Air,kWh%2C%20not%20close%20to%200.

Carbon Emissions There is no such thing as a zero nuclear power plant existing plants emit due to mining and refining Emissions are 78 to 178 all nuclear plants emit 4.4 from the water vapor This contrasts with solar and wind which reduce heat resulted in China’s CO2 emissions increasing 1.3 percent have caused 69,000 additional air pollution deaths


Question: nuclear increases water vapor

It increases carbon emissions and water vapor fluxes.

Mark Z. Jacobson 23. Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Director of the Atmosphere/Energy Program, Stanford University. “7 reasons why nuclear energy is not the answer to solve climate change.” One Earth. 12-1-2023. https://www.oneearth.org/the-7-reasons-why-nuclear-energy-is-not-the-answer-to-solve-climate-change/#:~:text=Carbon%2DEquivalent%20Emissions%20and%20Air,kWh%2C%20not%20close%20to%200.

Carbon Emissions There is no such thing as a zero nuclear power plant existing plants emit due to mining and refining Emissions are 78 to 178 all nuclear plants emit 4.4 from the water vapor This contrasts with solar and wind which reduce heat resulted in China’s CO2 emissions increasing 1.3 percent have caused 69,000 additional air pollution deaths


Question: Jacobson Stanford

It increases carbon emissions and water vapor fluxes.

Mark Z. Jacobson 23. Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Director of the Atmosphere/Energy Program, Stanford University. “7 reasons why nuclear energy is not the answer to solve climate change.” One Earth. 12-1-2023. https://www.oneearth.org/the-7-reasons-why-nuclear-energy-is-not-the-answer-to-solve-climate-change/#:~:text=Carbon%2DEquivalent%20Emissions%20and%20Air,kWh%2C%20not%20close%20to%200.

Carbon Emissions There is no such thing as a zero nuclear power plant existing plants emit due to mining and refining Emissions are 78 to 178 all nuclear plants emit 4.4 from the water vapor This contrasts with solar and wind which reduce heat resulted in China’s CO2 emissions increasing 1.3 percent have caused 69,000 additional air pollution deaths


Question: nuclear emissions

It increases carbon emissions and water vapor fluxes.

Mark Z. Jacobson 23. Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Director of the Atmosphere/Energy Program, Stanford University. “7 reasons why nuclear energy is not the answer to solve climate change.” One Earth. 12-1-2023. https://www.oneearth.org/the-7-reasons-why-nuclear-energy-is-not-the-answer-to-solve-climate-change/#:~:text=Carbon%2DEquivalent%20Emissions%20and%20Air,kWh%2C%20not%20close%20to%200.

Carbon Emissions There is no such thing as a zero nuclear power plant existing plants emit due to mining and refining Emissions are 78 to 178 all nuclear plants emit 4.4 from the water vapor This contrasts with solar and wind which reduce heat resulted in China’s CO2 emissions increasing 1.3 percent have caused 69,000 additional air pollution deaths


Question: Libecap Hoover Institute conservative

1NC Libecap was from the Hoover Institute---a conservative think tank.

Matthew Dardet 19. "Faculty Senate debates role of Hoover Institution on campus." Stanford Daily. 2-8-2019. https://stanforddaily.com/2019/02/08/faculty-senate-debates-role-of-hoover-institution-on-campus/

Intellectually bankrupt’ Hoover alleged ideological bias a “ right-wing think tank an ideology idée fixe built into it promote economic prosperity ideas taken from classical liberalism


Question: Hoover institute think tank

1NC Libecap was from the Hoover Institute---a conservative think tank.

Matthew Dardet 19. "Faculty Senate debates role of Hoover Institution on campus." Stanford Daily. 2-8-2019. https://stanforddaily.com/2019/02/08/faculty-senate-debates-role-of-hoover-institution-on-campus/

Intellectually bankrupt’ Hoover alleged ideological bias a “ right-wing think tank an ideology idée fixe built into it promote economic prosperity ideas taken from classical liberalism


Question: Matthew Dardet 19

1NC Libecap was from the Hoover Institute---a conservative think tank.

Matthew Dardet 19. "Faculty Senate debates role of Hoover Institution on campus." Stanford Daily. 2-8-2019. https://stanforddaily.com/2019/02/08/faculty-senate-debates-role-of-hoover-institution-on-campus/

Intellectually bankrupt’ Hoover alleged ideological bias a “ right-wing think tank an ideology idée fixe built into it promote economic prosperity ideas taken from classical liberalism


Question: Hoover intellectually bankrupt

1NC Libecap was from the Hoover Institute---a conservative think tank.

Matthew Dardet 19. "Faculty Senate debates role of Hoover Institution on campus." Stanford Daily. 2-8-2019. https://stanforddaily.com/2019/02/08/faculty-senate-debates-role-of-hoover-institution-on-campus/

Intellectually bankrupt’ Hoover alleged ideological bias a “ right-wing think tank an ideology idée fixe built into it promote economic prosperity ideas taken from classical liberalism


Question: Libecap right wing

1NC Libecap was from the Hoover Institute---a conservative think tank.

Matthew Dardet 19. "Faculty Senate debates role of Hoover Institution on campus." Stanford Daily. 2-8-2019. https://stanforddaily.com/2019/02/08/faculty-senate-debates-role-of-hoover-institution-on-campus/

Intellectually bankrupt’ Hoover alleged ideological bias a “ right-wing think tank an ideology idée fixe built into it promote economic prosperity ideas taken from classical liberalism


Question: Hoover institute classical liberalism

1NC Libecap was from the Hoover Institute---a conservative think tank.

Matthew Dardet 19. "Faculty Senate debates role of Hoover Institution on campus." Stanford Daily. 2-8-2019. https://stanforddaily.com/2019/02/08/faculty-senate-debates-role-of-hoover-institution-on-campus/

Intellectually bankrupt’ Hoover alleged ideological bias a “ right-wing think tank an ideology idée fixe built into it promote economic prosperity ideas taken from classical liberalism


Question: black humanity is a source strength

The reassertion of black humanity is a powerful way to turn blackness into a source of strength, rather than a pathology---ontology accepts the normality of a world that created blackness as a construct but sought to exclude it, and ignores life-affirming ways to think about blackness

Lewis R. Gordon 16, Ph.D. in philosophy from Yale, Professor of Philosophy and Africana Studies, with affiliations in Judaic Studies and Caribbean, Latino/a, and Latin American Studies, University of Connecticut at Storrs, 6-15-16, “Faith, Philosophy and Social Justice Symposium 2016, Keynote - Lewis Gordon,” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y25-r-Fvlgw, 31:42–51:16

The thesis is that those people aren't really people historical circumstances imposed the category black you face the question what does it mean to be human ? colonialism , enslavement , and  racism in saying you don't deserve to exist say you are not worthy of freedom a lot of thinking has been devoted to making us believe that we're not human and we don't deserve to be free if you accept the normality of that world there's only one conclusion: something is wrong with you You become a  black-hating black person there's a presumption you're black your life must be ongoing degradation and violence  and all the pathologies of society there's another way of thinking about blackness that's very life-affirming despite the effort to whip us, chain us, degrade us we didn't only fight back , but fought back through self-respect . despite that blackness created, our reassertion of humanity , is very powerful at that moment blackness is a source of strength It means you're an agent  and if you're an agent it means there's something you can do there's another position where you dialectically critique a world that says you're inferior in effect the problem becomes not you but a society that makes you into problems in every period in history, certain circumstances convince a group through their capacity to dominate that they are the conclusion of humanity this creates modernity there have been many “moderns” You see strange behavior in the U S because the presumption is if the U S is not dominating the world it means: the end of the world Portugal , Spain , Holland once believed that now they have a debate, how do they coordinate the way they believe the world was with the way the world has become that struggle is a site of creativity


Question: Lewis Gordon blackness source of strength

The reassertion of black humanity is a powerful way to turn blackness into a source of strength, rather than a pathology---ontology accepts the normality of a world that created blackness as a construct but sought to exclude it, and ignores life-affirming ways to think about blackness

Lewis R. Gordon 16, Ph.D. in philosophy from Yale, Professor of Philosophy and Africana Studies, with affiliations in Judaic Studies and Caribbean, Latino/a, and Latin American Studies, University of Connecticut at Storrs, 6-15-16, “Faith, Philosophy and Social Justice Symposium 2016, Keynote - Lewis Gordon,” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y25-r-Fvlgw, 31:42–51:16

The thesis is that those people aren't really people historical circumstances imposed the category black you face the question what does it mean to be human ? colonialism , enslavement , and  racism in saying you don't deserve to exist say you are not worthy of freedom a lot of thinking has been devoted to making us believe that we're not human and we don't deserve to be free if you accept the normality of that world there's only one conclusion: something is wrong with you You become a  black-hating black person there's a presumption you're black your life must be ongoing degradation and violence  and all the pathologies of society there's another way of thinking about blackness that's very life-affirming despite the effort to whip us, chain us, degrade us we didn't only fight back , but fought back through self-respect . despite that blackness created, our reassertion of humanity , is very powerful at that moment blackness is a source of strength It means you're an agent  and if you're an agent it means there's something you can do there's another position where you dialectically critique a world that says you're inferior in effect the problem becomes not you but a society that makes you into problems in every period in history, certain circumstances convince a group through their capacity to dominate that they are the conclusion of humanity this creates modernity there have been many “moderns” You see strange behavior in the U S because the presumption is if the U S is not dominating the world it means: the end of the world Portugal , Spain , Holland once believed that now they have a debate, how do they coordinate the way they believe the world was with the way the world has become that struggle is a site of creativity


Question: blackness a source of strength

The reassertion of black humanity is a powerful way to turn blackness into a source of strength, rather than a pathology---ontology accepts the normality of a world that created blackness as a construct but sought to exclude it, and ignores life-affirming ways to think about blackness

Lewis R. Gordon 16, Ph.D. in philosophy from Yale, Professor of Philosophy and Africana Studies, with affiliations in Judaic Studies and Caribbean, Latino/a, and Latin American Studies, University of Connecticut at Storrs, 6-15-16, “Faith, Philosophy and Social Justice Symposium 2016, Keynote - Lewis Gordon,” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y25-r-Fvlgw, 31:42–51:16

The thesis is that those people aren't really people historical circumstances imposed the category black you face the question what does it mean to be human ? colonialism , enslavement , and  racism in saying you don't deserve to exist say you are not worthy of freedom a lot of thinking has been devoted to making us believe that we're not human and we don't deserve to be free if you accept the normality of that world there's only one conclusion: something is wrong with you You become a  black-hating black person there's a presumption you're black your life must be ongoing degradation and violence  and all the pathologies of society there's another way of thinking about blackness that's very life-affirming despite the effort to whip us, chain us, degrade us we didn't only fight back , but fought back through self-respect . despite that blackness created, our reassertion of humanity , is very powerful at that moment blackness is a source of strength It means you're an agent  and if you're an agent it means there's something you can do there's another position where you dialectically critique a world that says you're inferior in effect the problem becomes not you but a society that makes you into problems in every period in history, certain circumstances convince a group through their capacity to dominate that they are the conclusion of humanity this creates modernity there have been many “moderns” You see strange behavior in the U S because the presumption is if the U S is not dominating the world it means: the end of the world Portugal , Spain , Holland once believed that now they have a debate, how do they coordinate the way they believe the world was with the way the world has become that struggle is a site of creativity


Question: reassertion of black humanity

The reassertion of black humanity is a powerful way to turn blackness into a source of strength, rather than a pathology---ontology accepts the normality of a world that created blackness as a construct but sought to exclude it, and ignores life-affirming ways to think about blackness

Lewis R. Gordon 16, Ph.D. in philosophy from Yale, Professor of Philosophy and Africana Studies, with affiliations in Judaic Studies and Caribbean, Latino/a, and Latin American Studies, University of Connecticut at Storrs, 6-15-16, “Faith, Philosophy and Social Justice Symposium 2016, Keynote - Lewis Gordon,” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y25-r-Fvlgw, 31:42–51:16

The thesis is that those people aren't really people historical circumstances imposed the category black you face the question what does it mean to be human ? colonialism , enslavement , and  racism in saying you don't deserve to exist say you are not worthy of freedom a lot of thinking has been devoted to making us believe that we're not human and we don't deserve to be free if you accept the normality of that world there's only one conclusion: something is wrong with you You become a  black-hating black person there's a presumption you're black your life must be ongoing degradation and violence  and all the pathologies of society there's another way of thinking about blackness that's very life-affirming despite the effort to whip us, chain us, degrade us we didn't only fight back , but fought back through self-respect . despite that blackness created, our reassertion of humanity , is very powerful at that moment blackness is a source of strength It means you're an agent  and if you're an agent it means there's something you can do there's another position where you dialectically critique a world that says you're inferior in effect the problem becomes not you but a society that makes you into problems in every period in history, certain circumstances convince a group through their capacity to dominate that they are the conclusion of humanity this creates modernity there have been many “moderns” You see strange behavior in the U S because the presumption is if the U S is not dominating the world it means: the end of the world Portugal , Spain , Holland once believed that now they have a debate, how do they coordinate the way they believe the world was with the way the world has become that struggle is a site of creativity


Question: ontology accepts normality of blackness

The reassertion of black humanity is a powerful way to turn blackness into a source of strength, rather than a pathology---ontology accepts the normality of a world that created blackness as a construct but sought to exclude it, and ignores life-affirming ways to think about blackness

Lewis R. Gordon 16, Ph.D. in philosophy from Yale, Professor of Philosophy and Africana Studies, with affiliations in Judaic Studies and Caribbean, Latino/a, and Latin American Studies, University of Connecticut at Storrs, 6-15-16, “Faith, Philosophy and Social Justice Symposium 2016, Keynote - Lewis Gordon,” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y25-r-Fvlgw, 31:42–51:16

The thesis is that those people aren't really people historical circumstances imposed the category black you face the question what does it mean to be human ? colonialism , enslavement , and  racism in saying you don't deserve to exist say you are not worthy of freedom a lot of thinking has been devoted to making us believe that we're not human and we don't deserve to be free if you accept the normality of that world there's only one conclusion: something is wrong with you You become a  black-hating black person there's a presumption you're black your life must be ongoing degradation and violence  and all the pathologies of society there's another way of thinking about blackness that's very life-affirming despite the effort to whip us, chain us, degrade us we didn't only fight back , but fought back through self-respect . despite that blackness created, our reassertion of humanity , is very powerful at that moment blackness is a source of strength It means you're an agent  and if you're an agent it means there's something you can do there's another position where you dialectically critique a world that says you're inferior in effect the problem becomes not you but a society that makes you into problems in every period in history, certain circumstances convince a group through their capacity to dominate that they are the conclusion of humanity this creates modernity there have been many “moderns” You see strange behavior in the U S because the presumption is if the U S is not dominating the world it means: the end of the world Portugal , Spain , Holland once believed that now they have a debate, how do they coordinate the way they believe the world was with the way the world has become that struggle is a site of creativity


Question: blackness not a pathology

The reassertion of black humanity is a powerful way to turn blackness into a source of strength, rather than a pathology---ontology accepts the normality of a world that created blackness as a construct but sought to exclude it, and ignores life-affirming ways to think about blackness

Lewis R. Gordon 16, Ph.D. in philosophy from Yale, Professor of Philosophy and Africana Studies, with affiliations in Judaic Studies and Caribbean, Latino/a, and Latin American Studies, University of Connecticut at Storrs, 6-15-16, “Faith, Philosophy and Social Justice Symposium 2016, Keynote - Lewis Gordon,” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y25-r-Fvlgw, 31:42–51:16

The thesis is that those people aren't really people historical circumstances imposed the category black you face the question what does it mean to be human ? colonialism , enslavement , and  racism in saying you don't deserve to exist say you are not worthy of freedom a lot of thinking has been devoted to making us believe that we're not human and we don't deserve to be free if you accept the normality of that world there's only one conclusion: something is wrong with you You become a  black-hating black person there's a presumption you're black your life must be ongoing degradation and violence  and all the pathologies of society there's another way of thinking about blackness that's very life-affirming despite the effort to whip us, chain us, degrade us we didn't only fight back , but fought back through self-respect . despite that blackness created, our reassertion of humanity , is very powerful at that moment blackness is a source of strength It means you're an agent  and if you're an agent it means there's something you can do there's another position where you dialectically critique a world that says you're inferior in effect the problem becomes not you but a society that makes you into problems in every period in history, certain circumstances convince a group through their capacity to dominate that they are the conclusion of humanity this creates modernity there have been many “moderns” You see strange behavior in the U S because the presumption is if the U S is not dominating the world it means: the end of the world Portugal , Spain , Holland once believed that now they have a debate, how do they coordinate the way they believe the world was with the way the world has become that struggle is a site of creativity


Question: Lewis Gordon 2016

The reassertion of black humanity is a powerful way to turn blackness into a source of strength, rather than a pathology---ontology accepts the normality of a world that created blackness as a construct but sought to exclude it, and ignores life-affirming ways to think about blackness

Lewis R. Gordon 16, Ph.D. in philosophy from Yale, Professor of Philosophy and Africana Studies, with affiliations in Judaic Studies and Caribbean, Latino/a, and Latin American Studies, University of Connecticut at Storrs, 6-15-16, “Faith, Philosophy and Social Justice Symposium 2016, Keynote - Lewis Gordon,” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y25-r-Fvlgw, 31:42–51:16

The thesis is that those people aren't really people historical circumstances imposed the category black you face the question what does it mean to be human ? colonialism , enslavement , and  racism in saying you don't deserve to exist say you are not worthy of freedom a lot of thinking has been devoted to making us believe that we're not human and we don't deserve to be free if you accept the normality of that world there's only one conclusion: something is wrong with you You become a  black-hating black person there's a presumption you're black your life must be ongoing degradation and violence  and all the pathologies of society there's another way of thinking about blackness that's very life-affirming despite the effort to whip us, chain us, degrade us we didn't only fight back , but fought back through self-respect . despite that blackness created, our reassertion of humanity , is very powerful at that moment blackness is a source of strength It means you're an agent  and if you're an agent it means there's something you can do there's another position where you dialectically critique a world that says you're inferior in effect the problem becomes not you but a society that makes you into problems in every period in history, certain circumstances convince a group through their capacity to dominate that they are the conclusion of humanity this creates modernity there have been many “moderns” You see strange behavior in the U S because the presumption is if the U S is not dominating the world it means: the end of the world Portugal , Spain , Holland once believed that now they have a debate, how do they coordinate the way they believe the world was with the way the world has become that struggle is a site of creativity


Question: blackness as a construct

The reassertion of black humanity is a powerful way to turn blackness into a source of strength, rather than a pathology---ontology accepts the normality of a world that created blackness as a construct but sought to exclude it, and ignores life-affirming ways to think about blackness

Lewis R. Gordon 16, Ph.D. in philosophy from Yale, Professor of Philosophy and Africana Studies, with affiliations in Judaic Studies and Caribbean, Latino/a, and Latin American Studies, University of Connecticut at Storrs, 6-15-16, “Faith, Philosophy and Social Justice Symposium 2016, Keynote - Lewis Gordon,” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y25-r-Fvlgw, 31:42–51:16

The thesis is that those people aren't really people historical circumstances imposed the category black you face the question what does it mean to be human ? colonialism , enslavement , and  racism in saying you don't deserve to exist say you are not worthy of freedom a lot of thinking has been devoted to making us believe that we're not human and we don't deserve to be free if you accept the normality of that world there's only one conclusion: something is wrong with you You become a  black-hating black person there's a presumption you're black your life must be ongoing degradation and violence  and all the pathologies of society there's another way of thinking about blackness that's very life-affirming despite the effort to whip us, chain us, degrade us we didn't only fight back , but fought back through self-respect . despite that blackness created, our reassertion of humanity , is very powerful at that moment blackness is a source of strength It means you're an agent  and if you're an agent it means there's something you can do there's another position where you dialectically critique a world that says you're inferior in effect the problem becomes not you but a society that makes you into problems in every period in history, certain circumstances convince a group through their capacity to dominate that they are the conclusion of humanity this creates modernity there have been many “moderns” You see strange behavior in the U S because the presumption is if the U S is not dominating the world it means: the end of the world Portugal , Spain , Holland once believed that now they have a debate, how do they coordinate the way they believe the world was with the way the world has become that struggle is a site of creativity


Question: Queering debate means social war

Queering debate means you should find value in rejecting coming to the definitive resolution or limitations to argumentation before you are able to find intrinsic value---we find intrinsic value in social war right here, right now to encourage arming for the unpredictability of life and to still engage in debates about debate.

Nicholas Lepp 24. [PhD Candidate at the University of Georgia. “Toward a queering of debate” Argumentation and Advocacy, July 4th, 2024. ]//dawn

a queer model of debate is messy Even as rules and norms ensure a certain predictability the inability to come to definitive conclusions ensures the activity has a certain level of chaos people who judge clash rounds pit different models against each other suggest they do not believe there is a “right” answer the chaos preventing the community from resolving makes ingenuity  debate can teach students  to be artful and slick beneficial in everyday life as everyone must learn to adapt in unpredictable ways ; all models are imperfect Rather than giving up it is in the very inability to find perfection that isolate value to engage in debates about debate


Question: Nicholas Lepp 24

Queering debate means you should find value in rejecting coming to the definitive resolution or limitations to argumentation before you are able to find intrinsic value---we find intrinsic value in social war right here, right now to encourage arming for the unpredictability of life and to still engage in debates about debate.

Nicholas Lepp 24. [PhD Candidate at the University of Georgia. “Toward a queering of debate” Argumentation and Advocacy, July 4th, 2024. ]//dawn

a queer model of debate is messy Even as rules and norms ensure a certain predictability the inability to come to definitive conclusions ensures the activity has a certain level of chaos people who judge clash rounds pit different models against each other suggest they do not believe there is a “right” answer the chaos preventing the community from resolving makes ingenuity  debate can teach students  to be artful and slick beneficial in everyday life as everyone must learn to adapt in unpredictable ways ; all models are imperfect Rather than giving up it is in the very inability to find perfection that isolate value to engage in debates about debate


Question: queering debate

Queering debate means you should find value in rejecting coming to the definitive resolution or limitations to argumentation before you are able to find intrinsic value---we find intrinsic value in social war right here, right now to encourage arming for the unpredictability of life and to still engage in debates about debate.

Nicholas Lepp 24. [PhD Candidate at the University of Georgia. “Toward a queering of debate” Argumentation and Advocacy, July 4th, 2024. ]//dawn

a queer model of debate is messy Even as rules and norms ensure a certain predictability the inability to come to definitive conclusions ensures the activity has a certain level of chaos people who judge clash rounds pit different models against each other suggest they do not believe there is a “right” answer the chaos preventing the community from resolving makes ingenuity  debate can teach students  to be artful and slick beneficial in everyday life as everyone must learn to adapt in unpredictable ways ; all models are imperfect Rather than giving up it is in the very inability to find perfection that isolate value to engage in debates about debate


Question: Rejecting limitations to argumentation

Queering debate means you should find value in rejecting coming to the definitive resolution or limitations to argumentation before you are able to find intrinsic value---we find intrinsic value in social war right here, right now to encourage arming for the unpredictability of life and to still engage in debates about debate.

Nicholas Lepp 24. [PhD Candidate at the University of Georgia. “Toward a queering of debate” Argumentation and Advocacy, July 4th, 2024. ]//dawn

a queer model of debate is messy Even as rules and norms ensure a certain predictability the inability to come to definitive conclusions ensures the activity has a certain level of chaos people who judge clash rounds pit different models against each other suggest they do not believe there is a “right” answer the chaos preventing the community from resolving makes ingenuity  debate can teach students  to be artful and slick beneficial in everyday life as everyone must learn to adapt in unpredictable ways ; all models are imperfect Rather than giving up it is in the very inability to find perfection that isolate value to engage in debates about debate


Question: queer model of debate is messy

Queering debate means you should find value in rejecting coming to the definitive resolution or limitations to argumentation before you are able to find intrinsic value---we find intrinsic value in social war right here, right now to encourage arming for the unpredictability of life and to still engage in debates about debate.

Nicholas Lepp 24. [PhD Candidate at the University of Georgia. “Toward a queering of debate” Argumentation and Advocacy, July 4th, 2024. ]//dawn

a queer model of debate is messy Even as rules and norms ensure a certain predictability the inability to come to definitive conclusions ensures the activity has a certain level of chaos people who judge clash rounds pit different models against each other suggest they do not believe there is a “right” answer the chaos preventing the community from resolving makes ingenuity  debate can teach students  to be artful and slick beneficial in everyday life as everyone must learn to adapt in unpredictable ways ; all models are imperfect Rather than giving up it is in the very inability to find perfection that isolate value to engage in debates about debate


Question: find intrinsic value in social war

Queering debate means you should find value in rejecting coming to the definitive resolution or limitations to argumentation before you are able to find intrinsic value---we find intrinsic value in social war right here, right now to encourage arming for the unpredictability of life and to still engage in debates about debate.

Nicholas Lepp 24. [PhD Candidate at the University of Georgia. “Toward a queering of debate” Argumentation and Advocacy, July 4th, 2024. ]//dawn

a queer model of debate is messy Even as rules and norms ensure a certain predictability the inability to come to definitive conclusions ensures the activity has a certain level of chaos people who judge clash rounds pit different models against each other suggest they do not believe there is a “right” answer the chaos preventing the community from resolving makes ingenuity  debate can teach students  to be artful and slick beneficial in everyday life as everyone must learn to adapt in unpredictable ways ; all models are imperfect Rather than giving up it is in the very inability to find perfection that isolate value to engage in debates about debate


Question: social war encourages arming

Queering debate means you should find value in rejecting coming to the definitive resolution or limitations to argumentation before you are able to find intrinsic value---we find intrinsic value in social war right here, right now to encourage arming for the unpredictability of life and to still engage in debates about debate.

Nicholas Lepp 24. [PhD Candidate at the University of Georgia. “Toward a queering of debate” Argumentation and Advocacy, July 4th, 2024. ]//dawn

a queer model of debate is messy Even as rules and norms ensure a certain predictability the inability to come to definitive conclusions ensures the activity has a certain level of chaos people who judge clash rounds pit different models against each other suggest they do not believe there is a “right” answer the chaos preventing the community from resolving makes ingenuity  debate can teach students  to be artful and slick beneficial in everyday life as everyone must learn to adapt in unpredictable ways ; all models are imperfect Rather than giving up it is in the very inability to find perfection that isolate value to engage in debates about debate


Question: debate can teach students to be artful

Queering debate means you should find value in rejecting coming to the definitive resolution or limitations to argumentation before you are able to find intrinsic value---we find intrinsic value in social war right here, right now to encourage arming for the unpredictability of life and to still engage in debates about debate.

Nicholas Lepp 24. [PhD Candidate at the University of Georgia. “Toward a queering of debate” Argumentation and Advocacy, July 4th, 2024. ]//dawn

a queer model of debate is messy Even as rules and norms ensure a certain predictability the inability to come to definitive conclusions ensures the activity has a certain level of chaos people who judge clash rounds pit different models against each other suggest they do not believe there is a “right” answer the chaos preventing the community from resolving makes ingenuity  debate can teach students  to be artful and slick beneficial in everyday life as everyone must learn to adapt in unpredictable ways ; all models are imperfect Rather than giving up it is in the very inability to find perfection that isolate value to engage in debates about debate


Question: 5. China thumps

5. China thumps

Grant Smith 24 Fortune writer. Fortune, “Oil is headed for a steeper dive, and OPEC+ won’t be able to stop it,” 9-6-2024, DOA: 9-9-24, lmc, https://fortune.com/2024/09/06/oil-price-outlook-global-supply-glut-opec-production-cuts-russia-saudi-arabia/

China is showing a diminished appetite Imports dwindled to the weakest pace in two years industry officials envisage a shift away from fossil fuels


Question: Grant Smith China oil

5. China thumps

Grant Smith 24 Fortune writer. Fortune, “Oil is headed for a steeper dive, and OPEC+ won’t be able to stop it,” 9-6-2024, DOA: 9-9-24, lmc, https://fortune.com/2024/09/06/oil-price-outlook-global-supply-glut-opec-production-cuts-russia-saudi-arabia/

China is showing a diminished appetite Imports dwindled to the weakest pace in two years industry officials envisage a shift away from fossil fuels


Question: China oil imports weak

5. China thumps

Grant Smith 24 Fortune writer. Fortune, “Oil is headed for a steeper dive, and OPEC+ won’t be able to stop it,” 9-6-2024, DOA: 9-9-24, lmc, https://fortune.com/2024/09/06/oil-price-outlook-global-supply-glut-opec-production-cuts-russia-saudi-arabia/

China is showing a diminished appetite Imports dwindled to the weakest pace in two years industry officials envisage a shift away from fossil fuels


Question: China diminished appetite

5. China thumps

Grant Smith 24 Fortune writer. Fortune, “Oil is headed for a steeper dive, and OPEC+ won’t be able to stop it,” 9-6-2024, DOA: 9-9-24, lmc, https://fortune.com/2024/09/06/oil-price-outlook-global-supply-glut-opec-production-cuts-russia-saudi-arabia/

China is showing a diminished appetite Imports dwindled to the weakest pace in two years industry officials envisage a shift away from fossil fuels


Question: China shift away from fossil fuels

5. China thumps

Grant Smith 24 Fortune writer. Fortune, “Oil is headed for a steeper dive, and OPEC+ won’t be able to stop it,” 9-6-2024, DOA: 9-9-24, lmc, https://fortune.com/2024/09/06/oil-price-outlook-global-supply-glut-opec-production-cuts-russia-saudi-arabia/

China is showing a diminished appetite Imports dwindled to the weakest pace in two years industry officials envisage a shift away from fossil fuels


Question: China oil imports dwindled

5. China thumps

Grant Smith 24 Fortune writer. Fortune, “Oil is headed for a steeper dive, and OPEC+ won’t be able to stop it,” 9-6-2024, DOA: 9-9-24, lmc, https://fortune.com/2024/09/06/oil-price-outlook-global-supply-glut-opec-production-cuts-russia-saudi-arabia/

China is showing a diminished appetite Imports dwindled to the weakest pace in two years industry officials envisage a shift away from fossil fuels


Question: Global supply glut

5. China thumps

Grant Smith 24 Fortune writer. Fortune, “Oil is headed for a steeper dive, and OPEC+ won’t be able to stop it,” 9-6-2024, DOA: 9-9-24, lmc, https://fortune.com/2024/09/06/oil-price-outlook-global-supply-glut-opec-production-cuts-russia-saudi-arabia/

China is showing a diminished appetite Imports dwindled to the weakest pace in two years industry officials envisage a shift away from fossil fuels


Question: OPEC wont be able to stop

5. China thumps

Grant Smith 24 Fortune writer. Fortune, “Oil is headed for a steeper dive, and OPEC+ won’t be able to stop it,” 9-6-2024, DOA: 9-9-24, lmc, https://fortune.com/2024/09/06/oil-price-outlook-global-supply-glut-opec-production-cuts-russia-saudi-arabia/

China is showing a diminished appetite Imports dwindled to the weakest pace in two years industry officials envisage a shift away from fossil fuels


Question: CFTC focus on crypto

3. PREDICTIVE UQ. The CFTC will concentrate enforcement on crypto now.

Kim 11-26, associate in the Financial Markets and Funds practice (Alexander C. Kim, November 26, 2025, “New Administration, New Direction? What Swap Dealers Can Expect From CFTC Post-2024 Election,” The National Law Review, https://natlawreview.com/article/new-administration-new-direction-what-swap-dealers-can-expect-cftc-post-2024)

under the new admin CFTC may recalibrate how it pursues its objectives Although Commission is likely to maintain focus on market manipulation the Commission under Trump place less emphasis on technical violations, concentrating enforcement resources on significant market impact


Question: Kim 11-26

3. PREDICTIVE UQ. The CFTC will concentrate enforcement on crypto now.

Kim 11-26, associate in the Financial Markets and Funds practice (Alexander C. Kim, November 26, 2025, “New Administration, New Direction? What Swap Dealers Can Expect From CFTC Post-2024 Election,” The National Law Review, https://natlawreview.com/article/new-administration-new-direction-what-swap-dealers-can-expect-cftc-post-2024)

under the new admin CFTC may recalibrate how it pursues its objectives Although Commission is likely to maintain focus on market manipulation the Commission under Trump place less emphasis on technical violations, concentrating enforcement resources on significant market impact


Question: CFTC enforcement after 2024 election

3. PREDICTIVE UQ. The CFTC will concentrate enforcement on crypto now.

Kim 11-26, associate in the Financial Markets and Funds practice (Alexander C. Kim, November 26, 2025, “New Administration, New Direction? What Swap Dealers Can Expect From CFTC Post-2024 Election,” The National Law Review, https://natlawreview.com/article/new-administration-new-direction-what-swap-dealers-can-expect-cftc-post-2024)

under the new admin CFTC may recalibrate how it pursues its objectives Although Commission is likely to maintain focus on market manipulation the Commission under Trump place less emphasis on technical violations, concentrating enforcement resources on significant market impact


Question: CFTC after new administration

3. PREDICTIVE UQ. The CFTC will concentrate enforcement on crypto now.

Kim 11-26, associate in the Financial Markets and Funds practice (Alexander C. Kim, November 26, 2025, “New Administration, New Direction? What Swap Dealers Can Expect From CFTC Post-2024 Election,” The National Law Review, https://natlawreview.com/article/new-administration-new-direction-what-swap-dealers-can-expect-cftc-post-2024)

under the new admin CFTC may recalibrate how it pursues its objectives Although Commission is likely to maintain focus on market manipulation the Commission under Trump place less emphasis on technical violations, concentrating enforcement resources on significant market impact


Question: CFTC recalibrate objectives

3. PREDICTIVE UQ. The CFTC will concentrate enforcement on crypto now.

Kim 11-26, associate in the Financial Markets and Funds practice (Alexander C. Kim, November 26, 2025, “New Administration, New Direction? What Swap Dealers Can Expect From CFTC Post-2024 Election,” The National Law Review, https://natlawreview.com/article/new-administration-new-direction-what-swap-dealers-can-expect-cftc-post-2024)

under the new admin CFTC may recalibrate how it pursues its objectives Although Commission is likely to maintain focus on market manipulation the Commission under Trump place less emphasis on technical violations, concentrating enforcement resources on significant market impact


Question: CFTC concentrates enforcement resources

3. PREDICTIVE UQ. The CFTC will concentrate enforcement on crypto now.

Kim 11-26, associate in the Financial Markets and Funds practice (Alexander C. Kim, November 26, 2025, “New Administration, New Direction? What Swap Dealers Can Expect From CFTC Post-2024 Election,” The National Law Review, https://natlawreview.com/article/new-administration-new-direction-what-swap-dealers-can-expect-cftc-post-2024)

under the new admin CFTC may recalibrate how it pursues its objectives Although Commission is likely to maintain focus on market manipulation the Commission under Trump place less emphasis on technical violations, concentrating enforcement resources on significant market impact


Question: CFTC market manipulation focus

3. PREDICTIVE UQ. The CFTC will concentrate enforcement on crypto now.

Kim 11-26, associate in the Financial Markets and Funds practice (Alexander C. Kim, November 26, 2025, “New Administration, New Direction? What Swap Dealers Can Expect From CFTC Post-2024 Election,” The National Law Review, https://natlawreview.com/article/new-administration-new-direction-what-swap-dealers-can-expect-cftc-post-2024)

under the new admin CFTC may recalibrate how it pursues its objectives Although Commission is likely to maintain focus on market manipulation the Commission under Trump place less emphasis on technical violations, concentrating enforcement resources on significant market impact


Question: CFTC less emphasis on technical violations

3. PREDICTIVE UQ. The CFTC will concentrate enforcement on crypto now.

Kim 11-26, associate in the Financial Markets and Funds practice (Alexander C. Kim, November 26, 2025, “New Administration, New Direction? What Swap Dealers Can Expect From CFTC Post-2024 Election,” The National Law Review, https://natlawreview.com/article/new-administration-new-direction-what-swap-dealers-can-expect-cftc-post-2024)

under the new admin CFTC may recalibrate how it pursues its objectives Although Commission is likely to maintain focus on market manipulation the Commission under Trump place less emphasis on technical violations, concentrating enforcement resources on significant market impact


Question: only spillover argument is hoping

AND the only spillover argument is the authors ‘hoping’ it is applied in other areas---INSERTING

Hugues Chenet et al. 21, Chenet is Associate Professor, Ph.D. in Internal Geophysics - University of Paris VII, IÉSEG School of Management; Ryan-Collins is Associate Professor in Economics and Finance, Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, UCL; van Lerven is Institutional Partner and Helsinki Principle 2 workstream coordinator, Coalition of Finance Minister for Climate Action, World Bank, "Finance, climate-change and radical uncertainty: Towards a precautionary approach to financial policy," Ecological Economics, vol. 183, 05/2021, 106957, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180092100015X

Beyond  climate change hope the framework developed in this paper  could be  extended  to  other complex challenges


Question: Chenet et al 21

AND the only spillover argument is the authors ‘hoping’ it is applied in other areas---INSERTING

Hugues Chenet et al. 21, Chenet is Associate Professor, Ph.D. in Internal Geophysics - University of Paris VII, IÉSEG School of Management; Ryan-Collins is Associate Professor in Economics and Finance, Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, UCL; van Lerven is Institutional Partner and Helsinki Principle 2 workstream coordinator, Coalition of Finance Minister for Climate Action, World Bank, "Finance, climate-change and radical uncertainty: Towards a precautionary approach to financial policy," Ecological Economics, vol. 183, 05/2021, 106957, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180092100015X

Beyond  climate change hope the framework developed in this paper  could be  extended  to  other complex challenges


Question: Hugues Chenet

AND the only spillover argument is the authors ‘hoping’ it is applied in other areas---INSERTING

Hugues Chenet et al. 21, Chenet is Associate Professor, Ph.D. in Internal Geophysics - University of Paris VII, IÉSEG School of Management; Ryan-Collins is Associate Professor in Economics and Finance, Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, UCL; van Lerven is Institutional Partner and Helsinki Principle 2 workstream coordinator, Coalition of Finance Minister for Climate Action, World Bank, "Finance, climate-change and radical uncertainty: Towards a precautionary approach to financial policy," Ecological Economics, vol. 183, 05/2021, 106957, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180092100015X

Beyond  climate change hope the framework developed in this paper  could be  extended  to  other complex challenges


Question: climate change hope framework

AND the only spillover argument is the authors ‘hoping’ it is applied in other areas---INSERTING

Hugues Chenet et al. 21, Chenet is Associate Professor, Ph.D. in Internal Geophysics - University of Paris VII, IÉSEG School of Management; Ryan-Collins is Associate Professor in Economics and Finance, Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, UCL; van Lerven is Institutional Partner and Helsinki Principle 2 workstream coordinator, Coalition of Finance Minister for Climate Action, World Bank, "Finance, climate-change and radical uncertainty: Towards a precautionary approach to financial policy," Ecological Economics, vol. 183, 05/2021, 106957, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180092100015X

Beyond  climate change hope the framework developed in this paper  could be  extended  to  other complex challenges


Question: extended to other challenges

AND the only spillover argument is the authors ‘hoping’ it is applied in other areas---INSERTING

Hugues Chenet et al. 21, Chenet is Associate Professor, Ph.D. in Internal Geophysics - University of Paris VII, IÉSEG School of Management; Ryan-Collins is Associate Professor in Economics and Finance, Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, UCL; van Lerven is Institutional Partner and Helsinki Principle 2 workstream coordinator, Coalition of Finance Minister for Climate Action, World Bank, "Finance, climate-change and radical uncertainty: Towards a precautionary approach to financial policy," Ecological Economics, vol. 183, 05/2021, 106957, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180092100015X

Beyond  climate change hope the framework developed in this paper  could be  extended  to  other complex challenges


Question: radical uncertainty financial policy

AND the only spillover argument is the authors ‘hoping’ it is applied in other areas---INSERTING

Hugues Chenet et al. 21, Chenet is Associate Professor, Ph.D. in Internal Geophysics - University of Paris VII, IÉSEG School of Management; Ryan-Collins is Associate Professor in Economics and Finance, Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, UCL; van Lerven is Institutional Partner and Helsinki Principle 2 workstream coordinator, Coalition of Finance Minister for Climate Action, World Bank, "Finance, climate-change and radical uncertainty: Towards a precautionary approach to financial policy," Ecological Economics, vol. 183, 05/2021, 106957, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180092100015X

Beyond  climate change hope the framework developed in this paper  could be  extended  to  other complex challenges