Question: warming investors won't finance

Warming. Investors won’t be able to or want to finance the green transition due to unfavorable lending policies.

Emilio Campiglio 14. Post-Doctoral Researcher at the LSE Grantham Research Institute, PhD from the University of Pavia. “Beyond carbon pricing: The role of banking and monetary policy in financing the transition to a low-carbon economy.” Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Working Paper No. 181. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Working-Paper-160-Campiglio-20142.pdf

carbon price may not be enough low-carbon firms necessitate credit banks lack confidence to create new credit even in presence of right prices credit market failure with deep uncertainties surrounding carbon price , makes case for green capital requirements , modifying risk weights and other policies aimed at easing lending for low-carbon


Question: Emilio Campiglio 14

Warming. Investors won’t be able to or want to finance the green transition due to unfavorable lending policies.

Emilio Campiglio 14. Post-Doctoral Researcher at the LSE Grantham Research Institute, PhD from the University of Pavia. “Beyond carbon pricing: The role of banking and monetary policy in financing the transition to a low-carbon economy.” Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Working Paper No. 181. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Working-Paper-160-Campiglio-20142.pdf

carbon price may not be enough low-carbon firms necessitate credit banks lack confidence to create new credit even in presence of right prices credit market failure with deep uncertainties surrounding carbon price , makes case for green capital requirements , modifying risk weights and other policies aimed at easing lending for low-carbon


Question: LSE Grantham Research Institute

Warming. Investors won’t be able to or want to finance the green transition due to unfavorable lending policies.

Emilio Campiglio 14. Post-Doctoral Researcher at the LSE Grantham Research Institute, PhD from the University of Pavia. “Beyond carbon pricing: The role of banking and monetary policy in financing the transition to a low-carbon economy.” Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Working Paper No. 181. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Working-Paper-160-Campiglio-20142.pdf

carbon price may not be enough low-carbon firms necessitate credit banks lack confidence to create new credit even in presence of right prices credit market failure with deep uncertainties surrounding carbon price , makes case for green capital requirements , modifying risk weights and other policies aimed at easing lending for low-carbon


Question: low-carbon firms credit

Warming. Investors won’t be able to or want to finance the green transition due to unfavorable lending policies.

Emilio Campiglio 14. Post-Doctoral Researcher at the LSE Grantham Research Institute, PhD from the University of Pavia. “Beyond carbon pricing: The role of banking and monetary policy in financing the transition to a low-carbon economy.” Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Working Paper No. 181. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Working-Paper-160-Campiglio-20142.pdf

carbon price may not be enough low-carbon firms necessitate credit banks lack confidence to create new credit even in presence of right prices credit market failure with deep uncertainties surrounding carbon price , makes case for green capital requirements , modifying risk weights and other policies aimed at easing lending for low-carbon


Question: banking and monetary policy

Warming. Investors won’t be able to or want to finance the green transition due to unfavorable lending policies.

Emilio Campiglio 14. Post-Doctoral Researcher at the LSE Grantham Research Institute, PhD from the University of Pavia. “Beyond carbon pricing: The role of banking and monetary policy in financing the transition to a low-carbon economy.” Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Working Paper No. 181. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Working-Paper-160-Campiglio-20142.pdf

carbon price may not be enough low-carbon firms necessitate credit banks lack confidence to create new credit even in presence of right prices credit market failure with deep uncertainties surrounding carbon price , makes case for green capital requirements , modifying risk weights and other policies aimed at easing lending for low-carbon


Question: carbon price isn't enough

Warming. Investors won’t be able to or want to finance the green transition due to unfavorable lending policies.

Emilio Campiglio 14. Post-Doctoral Researcher at the LSE Grantham Research Institute, PhD from the University of Pavia. “Beyond carbon pricing: The role of banking and monetary policy in financing the transition to a low-carbon economy.” Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Working Paper No. 181. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Working-Paper-160-Campiglio-20142.pdf

carbon price may not be enough low-carbon firms necessitate credit banks lack confidence to create new credit even in presence of right prices credit market failure with deep uncertainties surrounding carbon price , makes case for green capital requirements , modifying risk weights and other policies aimed at easing lending for low-carbon


Question: green capital requirements

Warming. Investors won’t be able to or want to finance the green transition due to unfavorable lending policies.

Emilio Campiglio 14. Post-Doctoral Researcher at the LSE Grantham Research Institute, PhD from the University of Pavia. “Beyond carbon pricing: The role of banking and monetary policy in financing the transition to a low-carbon economy.” Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Working Paper No. 181. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Working-Paper-160-Campiglio-20142.pdf

carbon price may not be enough low-carbon firms necessitate credit banks lack confidence to create new credit even in presence of right prices credit market failure with deep uncertainties surrounding carbon price , makes case for green capital requirements , modifying risk weights and other policies aimed at easing lending for low-carbon


Question: low carbon economy lending

Warming. Investors won’t be able to or want to finance the green transition due to unfavorable lending policies.

Emilio Campiglio 14. Post-Doctoral Researcher at the LSE Grantham Research Institute, PhD from the University of Pavia. “Beyond carbon pricing: The role of banking and monetary policy in financing the transition to a low-carbon economy.” Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Working Paper No. 181. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Working-Paper-160-Campiglio-20142.pdf

carbon price may not be enough low-carbon firms necessitate credit banks lack confidence to create new credit even in presence of right prices credit market failure with deep uncertainties surrounding carbon price , makes case for green capital requirements , modifying risk weights and other policies aimed at easing lending for low-carbon


Question: Worst case climate scenarios unlikely

Worst case climate scenarios are no longer likely. --

Wells 22 (David Wallace-Wells is a columnist for the magazine and an Opinion writer for The New York Times, as well as the author of the international best seller “The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming”; “Beyond Catastrophe A New Climate Reality Is Coming Into View”; Oct. 26, 2022; https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/10/26/magazine/climate-change-warming-world.html; Sedhai)

scientists believe warming will fall between two or three degrees Thanks to declines in price of renewables global mobilization and focus we cut expected warming in half in five years terrifying predictions made improbable short of true apocalypse worst-case temperature scenarios that seemed plausible now look much less so


Question: Wells 22

Worst case climate scenarios are no longer likely. --

Wells 22 (David Wallace-Wells is a columnist for the magazine and an Opinion writer for The New York Times, as well as the author of the international best seller “The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming”; “Beyond Catastrophe A New Climate Reality Is Coming Into View”; Oct. 26, 2022; https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/10/26/magazine/climate-change-warming-world.html; Sedhai)

scientists believe warming will fall between two or three degrees Thanks to declines in price of renewables global mobilization and focus we cut expected warming in half in five years terrifying predictions made improbable short of true apocalypse worst-case temperature scenarios that seemed plausible now look much less so


Question: David Wallace-Wells

Worst case climate scenarios are no longer likely. --

Wells 22 (David Wallace-Wells is a columnist for the magazine and an Opinion writer for The New York Times, as well as the author of the international best seller “The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming”; “Beyond Catastrophe A New Climate Reality Is Coming Into View”; Oct. 26, 2022; https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/10/26/magazine/climate-change-warming-world.html; Sedhai)

scientists believe warming will fall between two or three degrees Thanks to declines in price of renewables global mobilization and focus we cut expected warming in half in five years terrifying predictions made improbable short of true apocalypse worst-case temperature scenarios that seemed plausible now look much less so


Question: climate change warming predictions improbably

Worst case climate scenarios are no longer likely. --

Wells 22 (David Wallace-Wells is a columnist for the magazine and an Opinion writer for The New York Times, as well as the author of the international best seller “The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming”; “Beyond Catastrophe A New Climate Reality Is Coming Into View”; Oct. 26, 2022; https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/10/26/magazine/climate-change-warming-world.html; Sedhai)

scientists believe warming will fall between two or three degrees Thanks to declines in price of renewables global mobilization and focus we cut expected warming in half in five years terrifying predictions made improbable short of true apocalypse worst-case temperature scenarios that seemed plausible now look much less so


Question: climate warming expected declines

Worst case climate scenarios are no longer likely. --

Wells 22 (David Wallace-Wells is a columnist for the magazine and an Opinion writer for The New York Times, as well as the author of the international best seller “The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming”; “Beyond Catastrophe A New Climate Reality Is Coming Into View”; Oct. 26, 2022; https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/10/26/magazine/climate-change-warming-world.html; Sedhai)

scientists believe warming will fall between two or three degrees Thanks to declines in price of renewables global mobilization and focus we cut expected warming in half in five years terrifying predictions made improbable short of true apocalypse worst-case temperature scenarios that seemed plausible now look much less so


Question: warming will fall between two or three degrees

Worst case climate scenarios are no longer likely. --

Wells 22 (David Wallace-Wells is a columnist for the magazine and an Opinion writer for The New York Times, as well as the author of the international best seller “The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming”; “Beyond Catastrophe A New Climate Reality Is Coming Into View”; Oct. 26, 2022; https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/10/26/magazine/climate-change-warming-world.html; Sedhai)

scientists believe warming will fall between two or three degrees Thanks to declines in price of renewables global mobilization and focus we cut expected warming in half in five years terrifying predictions made improbable short of true apocalypse worst-case temperature scenarios that seemed plausible now look much less so


Question: Saudi oil revenue is strong

Saudi oil revenue is strong and key to growth. Price drops are offset by production increases.

Chandak 10-23, polling correspondent. (Anant, 10-23-2024, “Saudi Arabian economic growth to accelerate in 2025 as oil taps open: Reuters poll,” Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/saudi-arabian-economic-growth-accelerate-2025-oil-taps-open-2024-10-23/)

growth in Saudi will accelerate thanks to higher oil output OPEC has been curbing output since 2022 but is expected to increase production lower prices and higher production volumes offset each other real growth will still benefit Saudi have been exploring ways to diversify oil play a critical role non-oil revenues will be unable to replace  oil


Question: Chandak Reuters poll

Saudi oil revenue is strong and key to growth. Price drops are offset by production increases.

Chandak 10-23, polling correspondent. (Anant, 10-23-2024, “Saudi Arabian economic growth to accelerate in 2025 as oil taps open: Reuters poll,” Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/saudi-arabian-economic-growth-accelerate-2025-oil-taps-open-2024-10-23/)

growth in Saudi will accelerate thanks to higher oil output OPEC has been curbing output since 2022 but is expected to increase production lower prices and higher production volumes offset each other real growth will still benefit Saudi have been exploring ways to diversify oil play a critical role non-oil revenues will be unable to replace  oil


Question: Anant Chandak

Saudi oil revenue is strong and key to growth. Price drops are offset by production increases.

Chandak 10-23, polling correspondent. (Anant, 10-23-2024, “Saudi Arabian economic growth to accelerate in 2025 as oil taps open: Reuters poll,” Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/saudi-arabian-economic-growth-accelerate-2025-oil-taps-open-2024-10-23/)

growth in Saudi will accelerate thanks to higher oil output OPEC has been curbing output since 2022 but is expected to increase production lower prices and higher production volumes offset each other real growth will still benefit Saudi have been exploring ways to diversify oil play a critical role non-oil revenues will be unable to replace  oil


Question: Saudi growth oil output

Saudi oil revenue is strong and key to growth. Price drops are offset by production increases.

Chandak 10-23, polling correspondent. (Anant, 10-23-2024, “Saudi Arabian economic growth to accelerate in 2025 as oil taps open: Reuters poll,” Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/saudi-arabian-economic-growth-accelerate-2025-oil-taps-open-2024-10-23/)

growth in Saudi will accelerate thanks to higher oil output OPEC has been curbing output since 2022 but is expected to increase production lower prices and higher production volumes offset each other real growth will still benefit Saudi have been exploring ways to diversify oil play a critical role non-oil revenues will be unable to replace  oil


Question: OPEC output curb

Saudi oil revenue is strong and key to growth. Price drops are offset by production increases.

Chandak 10-23, polling correspondent. (Anant, 10-23-2024, “Saudi Arabian economic growth to accelerate in 2025 as oil taps open: Reuters poll,” Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/saudi-arabian-economic-growth-accelerate-2025-oil-taps-open-2024-10-23/)

growth in Saudi will accelerate thanks to higher oil output OPEC has been curbing output since 2022 but is expected to increase production lower prices and higher production volumes offset each other real growth will still benefit Saudi have been exploring ways to diversify oil play a critical role non-oil revenues will be unable to replace  oil


Question: oil revenue key to growth

Saudi oil revenue is strong and key to growth. Price drops are offset by production increases.

Chandak 10-23, polling correspondent. (Anant, 10-23-2024, “Saudi Arabian economic growth to accelerate in 2025 as oil taps open: Reuters poll,” Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/saudi-arabian-economic-growth-accelerate-2025-oil-taps-open-2024-10-23/)

growth in Saudi will accelerate thanks to higher oil output OPEC has been curbing output since 2022 but is expected to increase production lower prices and higher production volumes offset each other real growth will still benefit Saudi have been exploring ways to diversify oil play a critical role non-oil revenues will be unable to replace  oil


Question: Saudi diversify oil

Saudi oil revenue is strong and key to growth. Price drops are offset by production increases.

Chandak 10-23, polling correspondent. (Anant, 10-23-2024, “Saudi Arabian economic growth to accelerate in 2025 as oil taps open: Reuters poll,” Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/saudi-arabian-economic-growth-accelerate-2025-oil-taps-open-2024-10-23/)

growth in Saudi will accelerate thanks to higher oil output OPEC has been curbing output since 2022 but is expected to increase production lower prices and higher production volumes offset each other real growth will still benefit Saudi have been exploring ways to diversify oil play a critical role non-oil revenues will be unable to replace  oil


Question: Cripple energy policy

Text: The United States federal government shall enact a cripple energy policy [Insert plan]

Bell 24 (Sarah is a Senior Research Associate in Qualitative Research, Bristol Medical School (PHS) Bristol Neuroscience,  Bell, S.L., Jodoin, S., Bush, T.N., Crow, L., Eriksen, S.H., Geen, E., Keogh, M. and Yeo, R., 2024. Beyond the Single Story of Climate Vulnerability: Centring Disabled People and Their Knowledges in “Care-Full” Climate Action. International Journal of Disability and Social Justice, 4(2), pp.48-70. //hd

disabled people’s experience in mobilising to resist and reimagine enhance collective efforts skills are rarely acknowledged in rhetoric that devalues worth of disabled lives in climate action echoing eugenic ideologies that seek to eliminate stigmatised traits responses constitute eco-ableism failure to include disability knowledges will create new challenges for disabled people Despite pioneering disabled people rarely viewed as knowledgeable or leaders cripped” environ- mentalism centralises disability timely Rather than assuming disability as a vulnerability” to “cater for shift demands understanding disability as knowledge production Inequity a dual process of favouring certain groups while denying voice to marginalised This inequity turns climate protection into a “privi-leged good increases maladaptation Ableist climate adaptation miss opportunities for progressive climate action


Question: Bell 24

Text: The United States federal government shall enact a cripple energy policy [Insert plan]

Bell 24 (Sarah is a Senior Research Associate in Qualitative Research, Bristol Medical School (PHS) Bristol Neuroscience,  Bell, S.L., Jodoin, S., Bush, T.N., Crow, L., Eriksen, S.H., Geen, E., Keogh, M. and Yeo, R., 2024. Beyond the Single Story of Climate Vulnerability: Centring Disabled People and Their Knowledges in “Care-Full” Climate Action. International Journal of Disability and Social Justice, 4(2), pp.48-70. //hd

disabled people’s experience in mobilising to resist and reimagine enhance collective efforts skills are rarely acknowledged in rhetoric that devalues worth of disabled lives in climate action echoing eugenic ideologies that seek to eliminate stigmatised traits responses constitute eco-ableism failure to include disability knowledges will create new challenges for disabled people Despite pioneering disabled people rarely viewed as knowledgeable or leaders cripped” environ- mentalism centralises disability timely Rather than assuming disability as a vulnerability” to “cater for shift demands understanding disability as knowledge production Inequity a dual process of favouring certain groups while denying voice to marginalised This inequity turns climate protection into a “privi-leged good increases maladaptation Ableist climate adaptation miss opportunities for progressive climate action


Question: Bell disability climate action

Text: The United States federal government shall enact a cripple energy policy [Insert plan]

Bell 24 (Sarah is a Senior Research Associate in Qualitative Research, Bristol Medical School (PHS) Bristol Neuroscience,  Bell, S.L., Jodoin, S., Bush, T.N., Crow, L., Eriksen, S.H., Geen, E., Keogh, M. and Yeo, R., 2024. Beyond the Single Story of Climate Vulnerability: Centring Disabled People and Their Knowledges in “Care-Full” Climate Action. International Journal of Disability and Social Justice, 4(2), pp.48-70. //hd

disabled people’s experience in mobilising to resist and reimagine enhance collective efforts skills are rarely acknowledged in rhetoric that devalues worth of disabled lives in climate action echoing eugenic ideologies that seek to eliminate stigmatised traits responses constitute eco-ableism failure to include disability knowledges will create new challenges for disabled people Despite pioneering disabled people rarely viewed as knowledgeable or leaders cripped” environ- mentalism centralises disability timely Rather than assuming disability as a vulnerability” to “cater for shift demands understanding disability as knowledge production Inequity a dual process of favouring certain groups while denying voice to marginalised This inequity turns climate protection into a “privi-leged good increases maladaptation Ableist climate adaptation miss opportunities for progressive climate action


Question: eco-ableism climate action

Text: The United States federal government shall enact a cripple energy policy [Insert plan]

Bell 24 (Sarah is a Senior Research Associate in Qualitative Research, Bristol Medical School (PHS) Bristol Neuroscience,  Bell, S.L., Jodoin, S., Bush, T.N., Crow, L., Eriksen, S.H., Geen, E., Keogh, M. and Yeo, R., 2024. Beyond the Single Story of Climate Vulnerability: Centring Disabled People and Their Knowledges in “Care-Full” Climate Action. International Journal of Disability and Social Justice, 4(2), pp.48-70. //hd

disabled people’s experience in mobilising to resist and reimagine enhance collective efforts skills are rarely acknowledged in rhetoric that devalues worth of disabled lives in climate action echoing eugenic ideologies that seek to eliminate stigmatised traits responses constitute eco-ableism failure to include disability knowledges will create new challenges for disabled people Despite pioneering disabled people rarely viewed as knowledgeable or leaders cripped” environ- mentalism centralises disability timely Rather than assuming disability as a vulnerability” to “cater for shift demands understanding disability as knowledge production Inequity a dual process of favouring certain groups while denying voice to marginalised This inequity turns climate protection into a “privi-leged good increases maladaptation Ableist climate adaptation miss opportunities for progressive climate action


Question: disabled people climate action

Text: The United States federal government shall enact a cripple energy policy [Insert plan]

Bell 24 (Sarah is a Senior Research Associate in Qualitative Research, Bristol Medical School (PHS) Bristol Neuroscience,  Bell, S.L., Jodoin, S., Bush, T.N., Crow, L., Eriksen, S.H., Geen, E., Keogh, M. and Yeo, R., 2024. Beyond the Single Story of Climate Vulnerability: Centring Disabled People and Their Knowledges in “Care-Full” Climate Action. International Journal of Disability and Social Justice, 4(2), pp.48-70. //hd

disabled people’s experience in mobilising to resist and reimagine enhance collective efforts skills are rarely acknowledged in rhetoric that devalues worth of disabled lives in climate action echoing eugenic ideologies that seek to eliminate stigmatised traits responses constitute eco-ableism failure to include disability knowledges will create new challenges for disabled people Despite pioneering disabled people rarely viewed as knowledgeable or leaders cripped” environ- mentalism centralises disability timely Rather than assuming disability as a vulnerability” to “cater for shift demands understanding disability as knowledge production Inequity a dual process of favouring certain groups while denying voice to marginalised This inequity turns climate protection into a “privi-leged good increases maladaptation Ableist climate adaptation miss opportunities for progressive climate action


Question: disability knowledges climate action

Text: The United States federal government shall enact a cripple energy policy [Insert plan]

Bell 24 (Sarah is a Senior Research Associate in Qualitative Research, Bristol Medical School (PHS) Bristol Neuroscience,  Bell, S.L., Jodoin, S., Bush, T.N., Crow, L., Eriksen, S.H., Geen, E., Keogh, M. and Yeo, R., 2024. Beyond the Single Story of Climate Vulnerability: Centring Disabled People and Their Knowledges in “Care-Full” Climate Action. International Journal of Disability and Social Justice, 4(2), pp.48-70. //hd

disabled people’s experience in mobilising to resist and reimagine enhance collective efforts skills are rarely acknowledged in rhetoric that devalues worth of disabled lives in climate action echoing eugenic ideologies that seek to eliminate stigmatised traits responses constitute eco-ableism failure to include disability knowledges will create new challenges for disabled people Despite pioneering disabled people rarely viewed as knowledgeable or leaders cripped” environ- mentalism centralises disability timely Rather than assuming disability as a vulnerability” to “cater for shift demands understanding disability as knowledge production Inequity a dual process of favouring certain groups while denying voice to marginalised This inequity turns climate protection into a “privi-leged good increases maladaptation Ableist climate adaptation miss opportunities for progressive climate action


Question: cripped environmentalism

Text: The United States federal government shall enact a cripple energy policy [Insert plan]

Bell 24 (Sarah is a Senior Research Associate in Qualitative Research, Bristol Medical School (PHS) Bristol Neuroscience,  Bell, S.L., Jodoin, S., Bush, T.N., Crow, L., Eriksen, S.H., Geen, E., Keogh, M. and Yeo, R., 2024. Beyond the Single Story of Climate Vulnerability: Centring Disabled People and Their Knowledges in “Care-Full” Climate Action. International Journal of Disability and Social Justice, 4(2), pp.48-70. //hd

disabled people’s experience in mobilising to resist and reimagine enhance collective efforts skills are rarely acknowledged in rhetoric that devalues worth of disabled lives in climate action echoing eugenic ideologies that seek to eliminate stigmatised traits responses constitute eco-ableism failure to include disability knowledges will create new challenges for disabled people Despite pioneering disabled people rarely viewed as knowledgeable or leaders cripped” environ- mentalism centralises disability timely Rather than assuming disability as a vulnerability” to “cater for shift demands understanding disability as knowledge production Inequity a dual process of favouring certain groups while denying voice to marginalised This inequity turns climate protection into a “privi-leged good increases maladaptation Ableist climate adaptation miss opportunities for progressive climate action


Question: climate action excludes disabled

Text: The United States federal government shall enact a cripple energy policy [Insert plan]

Bell 24 (Sarah is a Senior Research Associate in Qualitative Research, Bristol Medical School (PHS) Bristol Neuroscience,  Bell, S.L., Jodoin, S., Bush, T.N., Crow, L., Eriksen, S.H., Geen, E., Keogh, M. and Yeo, R., 2024. Beyond the Single Story of Climate Vulnerability: Centring Disabled People and Their Knowledges in “Care-Full” Climate Action. International Journal of Disability and Social Justice, 4(2), pp.48-70. //hd

disabled people’s experience in mobilising to resist and reimagine enhance collective efforts skills are rarely acknowledged in rhetoric that devalues worth of disabled lives in climate action echoing eugenic ideologies that seek to eliminate stigmatised traits responses constitute eco-ableism failure to include disability knowledges will create new challenges for disabled people Despite pioneering disabled people rarely viewed as knowledgeable or leaders cripped” environ- mentalism centralises disability timely Rather than assuming disability as a vulnerability” to “cater for shift demands understanding disability as knowledge production Inequity a dual process of favouring certain groups while denying voice to marginalised This inequity turns climate protection into a “privi-leged good increases maladaptation Ableist climate adaptation miss opportunities for progressive climate action


Question: advanced nuclear energy solves

2] Turn- Advanced Nuclear Energy solves and no impact to meltdowns- fear of nuclear energy and waste is unwarranted

Rhem ‘23 – (PhD, PE, CSP, CPSA, CLP, led the Saudi Aramco Compliance Review Team, currently serves as chair of the AIChE South Texas Section Executive Committee, on the Safety & Health Division Virtual Meeting Planning Committee, a member of the AIChE Process Safety Curriculum Team, and a judge at Houston Engineering Science Fairs and Houston Community College Science Competitions., “‘Advanced nuclear energy: the safest and most renewable clean energy”, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211339822000880?via%3Dihub, 4/17/2024) AM

nuclear waste has minimal risk All nuclear fuel waste generated thus far , could be stacked onto one football field With advanced nuclear, this minimal risk is reduced further Advanced nuclear technology is far safer fear is unwarranted There were no deaths and no negative health effect s from Three Mile Island accident At Fukushima one died Chernobyl was poorly designed reactor No nuclear plants have been built with this design outside Russian federation


Question: Rhem 2023

2] Turn- Advanced Nuclear Energy solves and no impact to meltdowns- fear of nuclear energy and waste is unwarranted

Rhem ‘23 – (PhD, PE, CSP, CPSA, CLP, led the Saudi Aramco Compliance Review Team, currently serves as chair of the AIChE South Texas Section Executive Committee, on the Safety & Health Division Virtual Meeting Planning Committee, a member of the AIChE Process Safety Curriculum Team, and a judge at Houston Engineering Science Fairs and Houston Community College Science Competitions., “‘Advanced nuclear energy: the safest and most renewable clean energy”, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211339822000880?via%3Dihub, 4/17/2024) AM

nuclear waste has minimal risk All nuclear fuel waste generated thus far , could be stacked onto one football field With advanced nuclear, this minimal risk is reduced further Advanced nuclear technology is far safer fear is unwarranted There were no deaths and no negative health effect s from Three Mile Island accident At Fukushima one died Chernobyl was poorly designed reactor No nuclear plants have been built with this design outside Russian federation


Question: fear of nuclear energy unwarranted

2] Turn- Advanced Nuclear Energy solves and no impact to meltdowns- fear of nuclear energy and waste is unwarranted

Rhem ‘23 – (PhD, PE, CSP, CPSA, CLP, led the Saudi Aramco Compliance Review Team, currently serves as chair of the AIChE South Texas Section Executive Committee, on the Safety & Health Division Virtual Meeting Planning Committee, a member of the AIChE Process Safety Curriculum Team, and a judge at Houston Engineering Science Fairs and Houston Community College Science Competitions., “‘Advanced nuclear energy: the safest and most renewable clean energy”, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211339822000880?via%3Dihub, 4/17/2024) AM

nuclear waste has minimal risk All nuclear fuel waste generated thus far , could be stacked onto one football field With advanced nuclear, this minimal risk is reduced further Advanced nuclear technology is far safer fear is unwarranted There were no deaths and no negative health effect s from Three Mile Island accident At Fukushima one died Chernobyl was poorly designed reactor No nuclear plants have been built with this design outside Russian federation


Question: minimal risk nuclear waste

2] Turn- Advanced Nuclear Energy solves and no impact to meltdowns- fear of nuclear energy and waste is unwarranted

Rhem ‘23 – (PhD, PE, CSP, CPSA, CLP, led the Saudi Aramco Compliance Review Team, currently serves as chair of the AIChE South Texas Section Executive Committee, on the Safety & Health Division Virtual Meeting Planning Committee, a member of the AIChE Process Safety Curriculum Team, and a judge at Houston Engineering Science Fairs and Houston Community College Science Competitions., “‘Advanced nuclear energy: the safest and most renewable clean energy”, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211339822000880?via%3Dihub, 4/17/2024) AM

nuclear waste has minimal risk All nuclear fuel waste generated thus far , could be stacked onto one football field With advanced nuclear, this minimal risk is reduced further Advanced nuclear technology is far safer fear is unwarranted There were no deaths and no negative health effect s from Three Mile Island accident At Fukushima one died Chernobyl was poorly designed reactor No nuclear plants have been built with this design outside Russian federation


Question: advanced nuclear technology safer

2] Turn- Advanced Nuclear Energy solves and no impact to meltdowns- fear of nuclear energy and waste is unwarranted

Rhem ‘23 – (PhD, PE, CSP, CPSA, CLP, led the Saudi Aramco Compliance Review Team, currently serves as chair of the AIChE South Texas Section Executive Committee, on the Safety & Health Division Virtual Meeting Planning Committee, a member of the AIChE Process Safety Curriculum Team, and a judge at Houston Engineering Science Fairs and Houston Community College Science Competitions., “‘Advanced nuclear energy: the safest and most renewable clean energy”, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211339822000880?via%3Dihub, 4/17/2024) AM

nuclear waste has minimal risk All nuclear fuel waste generated thus far , could be stacked onto one football field With advanced nuclear, this minimal risk is reduced further Advanced nuclear technology is far safer fear is unwarranted There were no deaths and no negative health effect s from Three Mile Island accident At Fukushima one died Chernobyl was poorly designed reactor No nuclear plants have been built with this design outside Russian federation


Question: fukushima one death

2] Turn- Advanced Nuclear Energy solves and no impact to meltdowns- fear of nuclear energy and waste is unwarranted

Rhem ‘23 – (PhD, PE, CSP, CPSA, CLP, led the Saudi Aramco Compliance Review Team, currently serves as chair of the AIChE South Texas Section Executive Committee, on the Safety & Health Division Virtual Meeting Planning Committee, a member of the AIChE Process Safety Curriculum Team, and a judge at Houston Engineering Science Fairs and Houston Community College Science Competitions., “‘Advanced nuclear energy: the safest and most renewable clean energy”, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211339822000880?via%3Dihub, 4/17/2024) AM

nuclear waste has minimal risk All nuclear fuel waste generated thus far , could be stacked onto one football field With advanced nuclear, this minimal risk is reduced further Advanced nuclear technology is far safer fear is unwarranted There were no deaths and no negative health effect s from Three Mile Island accident At Fukushima one died Chernobyl was poorly designed reactor No nuclear plants have been built with this design outside Russian federation


Question: no deaths three mile island

2] Turn- Advanced Nuclear Energy solves and no impact to meltdowns- fear of nuclear energy and waste is unwarranted

Rhem ‘23 – (PhD, PE, CSP, CPSA, CLP, led the Saudi Aramco Compliance Review Team, currently serves as chair of the AIChE South Texas Section Executive Committee, on the Safety & Health Division Virtual Meeting Planning Committee, a member of the AIChE Process Safety Curriculum Team, and a judge at Houston Engineering Science Fairs and Houston Community College Science Competitions., “‘Advanced nuclear energy: the safest and most renewable clean energy”, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211339822000880?via%3Dihub, 4/17/2024) AM

nuclear waste has minimal risk All nuclear fuel waste generated thus far , could be stacked onto one football field With advanced nuclear, this minimal risk is reduced further Advanced nuclear technology is far safer fear is unwarranted There were no deaths and no negative health effect s from Three Mile Island accident At Fukushima one died Chernobyl was poorly designed reactor No nuclear plants have been built with this design outside Russian federation


Question: No catastrophic warming

No catastrophic warming.

Ronald Bailey 22. Science writer and author of multiple books, citing Roger Pielke, Jr., Professor of Environmental Studies at the University of Colorado, “Worst-Case Climate Change Scenarios Are Highly Implausible, Argues New Study,” 2/9/22, https://reason.com/2022/02/09/worst-case-climate-change-scenarios-are-highly-implausible-argues-new-study/

the new study confirms the worst-case climate scenario is unlikely our future will be warmer not catastrophically so dire predictions were derived from a scenario in which emissions would boost carbon to 1,400 ppm the likelihood of high emission scenarios is low fossil fuel usage is fairly flat for the next 50 years the global economy is highly unlikely to trace emissions pathways that led to the worst outcomes coal consumption will peak All plausible scenarios envision less than 3 degrees good news on climate


Question: Ronald Bailey 22

No catastrophic warming.

Ronald Bailey 22. Science writer and author of multiple books, citing Roger Pielke, Jr., Professor of Environmental Studies at the University of Colorado, “Worst-Case Climate Change Scenarios Are Highly Implausible, Argues New Study,” 2/9/22, https://reason.com/2022/02/09/worst-case-climate-change-scenarios-are-highly-implausible-argues-new-study/

the new study confirms the worst-case climate scenario is unlikely our future will be warmer not catastrophically so dire predictions were derived from a scenario in which emissions would boost carbon to 1,400 ppm the likelihood of high emission scenarios is low fossil fuel usage is fairly flat for the next 50 years the global economy is highly unlikely to trace emissions pathways that led to the worst outcomes coal consumption will peak All plausible scenarios envision less than 3 degrees good news on climate


Question: Roger Pielke Jr

No catastrophic warming.

Ronald Bailey 22. Science writer and author of multiple books, citing Roger Pielke, Jr., Professor of Environmental Studies at the University of Colorado, “Worst-Case Climate Change Scenarios Are Highly Implausible, Argues New Study,” 2/9/22, https://reason.com/2022/02/09/worst-case-climate-change-scenarios-are-highly-implausible-argues-new-study/

the new study confirms the worst-case climate scenario is unlikely our future will be warmer not catastrophically so dire predictions were derived from a scenario in which emissions would boost carbon to 1,400 ppm the likelihood of high emission scenarios is low fossil fuel usage is fairly flat for the next 50 years the global economy is highly unlikely to trace emissions pathways that led to the worst outcomes coal consumption will peak All plausible scenarios envision less than 3 degrees good news on climate


Question: worst-case climate scenario unlikely

No catastrophic warming.

Ronald Bailey 22. Science writer and author of multiple books, citing Roger Pielke, Jr., Professor of Environmental Studies at the University of Colorado, “Worst-Case Climate Change Scenarios Are Highly Implausible, Argues New Study,” 2/9/22, https://reason.com/2022/02/09/worst-case-climate-change-scenarios-are-highly-implausible-argues-new-study/

the new study confirms the worst-case climate scenario is unlikely our future will be warmer not catastrophically so dire predictions were derived from a scenario in which emissions would boost carbon to 1,400 ppm the likelihood of high emission scenarios is low fossil fuel usage is fairly flat for the next 50 years the global economy is highly unlikely to trace emissions pathways that led to the worst outcomes coal consumption will peak All plausible scenarios envision less than 3 degrees good news on climate


Question: emissions boost carbon to 1400 ppm

No catastrophic warming.

Ronald Bailey 22. Science writer and author of multiple books, citing Roger Pielke, Jr., Professor of Environmental Studies at the University of Colorado, “Worst-Case Climate Change Scenarios Are Highly Implausible, Argues New Study,” 2/9/22, https://reason.com/2022/02/09/worst-case-climate-change-scenarios-are-highly-implausible-argues-new-study/

the new study confirms the worst-case climate scenario is unlikely our future will be warmer not catastrophically so dire predictions were derived from a scenario in which emissions would boost carbon to 1,400 ppm the likelihood of high emission scenarios is low fossil fuel usage is fairly flat for the next 50 years the global economy is highly unlikely to trace emissions pathways that led to the worst outcomes coal consumption will peak All plausible scenarios envision less than 3 degrees good news on climate


Question: global economy unlikely worst outcomes

No catastrophic warming.

Ronald Bailey 22. Science writer and author of multiple books, citing Roger Pielke, Jr., Professor of Environmental Studies at the University of Colorado, “Worst-Case Climate Change Scenarios Are Highly Implausible, Argues New Study,” 2/9/22, https://reason.com/2022/02/09/worst-case-climate-change-scenarios-are-highly-implausible-argues-new-study/

the new study confirms the worst-case climate scenario is unlikely our future will be warmer not catastrophically so dire predictions were derived from a scenario in which emissions would boost carbon to 1,400 ppm the likelihood of high emission scenarios is low fossil fuel usage is fairly flat for the next 50 years the global economy is highly unlikely to trace emissions pathways that led to the worst outcomes coal consumption will peak All plausible scenarios envision less than 3 degrees good news on climate


Question: plausible scenarios envision less than 3 degrees

No catastrophic warming.

Ronald Bailey 22. Science writer and author of multiple books, citing Roger Pielke, Jr., Professor of Environmental Studies at the University of Colorado, “Worst-Case Climate Change Scenarios Are Highly Implausible, Argues New Study,” 2/9/22, https://reason.com/2022/02/09/worst-case-climate-change-scenarios-are-highly-implausible-argues-new-study/

the new study confirms the worst-case climate scenario is unlikely our future will be warmer not catastrophically so dire predictions were derived from a scenario in which emissions would boost carbon to 1,400 ppm the likelihood of high emission scenarios is low fossil fuel usage is fairly flat for the next 50 years the global economy is highly unlikely to trace emissions pathways that led to the worst outcomes coal consumption will peak All plausible scenarios envision less than 3 degrees good news on climate


Question: EU CBAM retaliation

No Solvency. EU CBAM is already provoking retaliation

Beaumont-Smith, 24 [Gabriella Beaumont-Smith, Former trade policy analyst at CATO Institute, Are Carbon Border Adjustments a Dream Climate Policy or Protectionist Nightmare?, Policy Analysis No. 978, July 30, 2024. https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/are-carbon-border-adjustments-dream-climate-policy-or-protectionist-nightmare#would-cbam-be-consistent-wto-rules-or-invite-retaliation ] [NSB] [NWG]

India exploring retaliatory measures formal complaints about EU’s CBAM Other countries Brazil , China South Africa opponents of CBAM neglecting wartime trade channels can overstate the deterrent power of ex ante trade Because advanced industrialized countries account for a large share of intra-industry trade conflicts did not endanger exchange of differentiated products The changing composition of warring dyads explain that conflict and ex ante trade are inversely related shifts occurred in interstate commerce, privileging trade between allies, penalizing adversaries states switch trading partners and transit routes


Question: Beaumont-Smith 24

No Solvency. EU CBAM is already provoking retaliation

Beaumont-Smith, 24 [Gabriella Beaumont-Smith, Former trade policy analyst at CATO Institute, Are Carbon Border Adjustments a Dream Climate Policy or Protectionist Nightmare?, Policy Analysis No. 978, July 30, 2024. https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/are-carbon-border-adjustments-dream-climate-policy-or-protectionist-nightmare#would-cbam-be-consistent-wto-rules-or-invite-retaliation ] [NSB] [NWG]

India exploring retaliatory measures formal complaints about EU’s CBAM Other countries Brazil , China South Africa opponents of CBAM neglecting wartime trade channels can overstate the deterrent power of ex ante trade Because advanced industrialized countries account for a large share of intra-industry trade conflicts did not endanger exchange of differentiated products The changing composition of warring dyads explain that conflict and ex ante trade are inversely related shifts occurred in interstate commerce, privileging trade between allies, penalizing adversaries states switch trading partners and transit routes


Question: CBAM retaliation

No Solvency. EU CBAM is already provoking retaliation

Beaumont-Smith, 24 [Gabriella Beaumont-Smith, Former trade policy analyst at CATO Institute, Are Carbon Border Adjustments a Dream Climate Policy or Protectionist Nightmare?, Policy Analysis No. 978, July 30, 2024. https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/are-carbon-border-adjustments-dream-climate-policy-or-protectionist-nightmare#would-cbam-be-consistent-wto-rules-or-invite-retaliation ] [NSB] [NWG]

India exploring retaliatory measures formal complaints about EU’s CBAM Other countries Brazil , China South Africa opponents of CBAM neglecting wartime trade channels can overstate the deterrent power of ex ante trade Because advanced industrialized countries account for a large share of intra-industry trade conflicts did not endanger exchange of differentiated products The changing composition of warring dyads explain that conflict and ex ante trade are inversely related shifts occurred in interstate commerce, privileging trade between allies, penalizing adversaries states switch trading partners and transit routes


Question: India retaliatory measures

No Solvency. EU CBAM is already provoking retaliation

Beaumont-Smith, 24 [Gabriella Beaumont-Smith, Former trade policy analyst at CATO Institute, Are Carbon Border Adjustments a Dream Climate Policy or Protectionist Nightmare?, Policy Analysis No. 978, July 30, 2024. https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/are-carbon-border-adjustments-dream-climate-policy-or-protectionist-nightmare#would-cbam-be-consistent-wto-rules-or-invite-retaliation ] [NSB] [NWG]

India exploring retaliatory measures formal complaints about EU’s CBAM Other countries Brazil , China South Africa opponents of CBAM neglecting wartime trade channels can overstate the deterrent power of ex ante trade Because advanced industrialized countries account for a large share of intra-industry trade conflicts did not endanger exchange of differentiated products The changing composition of warring dyads explain that conflict and ex ante trade are inversely related shifts occurred in interstate commerce, privileging trade between allies, penalizing adversaries states switch trading partners and transit routes


Question: EU CBAM problems

No Solvency. EU CBAM is already provoking retaliation

Beaumont-Smith, 24 [Gabriella Beaumont-Smith, Former trade policy analyst at CATO Institute, Are Carbon Border Adjustments a Dream Climate Policy or Protectionist Nightmare?, Policy Analysis No. 978, July 30, 2024. https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/are-carbon-border-adjustments-dream-climate-policy-or-protectionist-nightmare#would-cbam-be-consistent-wto-rules-or-invite-retaliation ] [NSB] [NWG]

India exploring retaliatory measures formal complaints about EU’s CBAM Other countries Brazil , China South Africa opponents of CBAM neglecting wartime trade channels can overstate the deterrent power of ex ante trade Because advanced industrialized countries account for a large share of intra-industry trade conflicts did not endanger exchange of differentiated products The changing composition of warring dyads explain that conflict and ex ante trade are inversely related shifts occurred in interstate commerce, privileging trade between allies, penalizing adversaries states switch trading partners and transit routes


Question: carbon border adjustments retaliation

No Solvency. EU CBAM is already provoking retaliation

Beaumont-Smith, 24 [Gabriella Beaumont-Smith, Former trade policy analyst at CATO Institute, Are Carbon Border Adjustments a Dream Climate Policy or Protectionist Nightmare?, Policy Analysis No. 978, July 30, 2024. https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/are-carbon-border-adjustments-dream-climate-policy-or-protectionist-nightmare#would-cbam-be-consistent-wto-rules-or-invite-retaliation ] [NSB] [NWG]

India exploring retaliatory measures formal complaints about EU’s CBAM Other countries Brazil , China South Africa opponents of CBAM neglecting wartime trade channels can overstate the deterrent power of ex ante trade Because advanced industrialized countries account for a large share of intra-industry trade conflicts did not endanger exchange of differentiated products The changing composition of warring dyads explain that conflict and ex ante trade are inversely related shifts occurred in interstate commerce, privileging trade between allies, penalizing adversaries states switch trading partners and transit routes


Question: WTO rules

No Solvency. EU CBAM is already provoking retaliation

Beaumont-Smith, 24 [Gabriella Beaumont-Smith, Former trade policy analyst at CATO Institute, Are Carbon Border Adjustments a Dream Climate Policy or Protectionist Nightmare?, Policy Analysis No. 978, July 30, 2024. https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/are-carbon-border-adjustments-dream-climate-policy-or-protectionist-nightmare#would-cbam-be-consistent-wto-rules-or-invite-retaliation ] [NSB] [NWG]

India exploring retaliatory measures formal complaints about EU’s CBAM Other countries Brazil , China South Africa opponents of CBAM neglecting wartime trade channels can overstate the deterrent power of ex ante trade Because advanced industrialized countries account for a large share of intra-industry trade conflicts did not endanger exchange of differentiated products The changing composition of warring dyads explain that conflict and ex ante trade are inversely related shifts occurred in interstate commerce, privileging trade between allies, penalizing adversaries states switch trading partners and transit routes


Question: Socialism fails to halt pollution

Socialism or economic shock fails to halt pollution—market liberalization massively lowered emissions by increasing production complexity– empirics of 27 former socialist states.

Schröpf et al. 23 (Benedikt Schröpf, Chair of Labour and Regional Economics at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg School of Business, Economics and Society. Master’s degree in International Economics at the University of Regensburg. Florian Bucher, PhD student at Andrássy University Budapest, Lucas Scheu, Andrássy University Budapest. "Economic complexity and environmental pollution: Evidence from the former socialist transition countries." Empirica (2023): 1-41. April 28, 2023)

This study examines decline of emissions in t former socialist countries  after  the fall of the iron curtain. since the results for production and consumption-based emissions are similar , we can discard offshoring as a factor our findings suggest that more complex products influenced the EKC advocates of radical interventions degrowth proponents of market-based solutions demand more sustainable growth The underlying question whether we can overcome the trade-off between pollution and prosperity Since products with more environmental benefits are more complex more complex products reduce pollution former socialist countries experienced a major shock that impacted their development After the fall and deindustrialization countries underwent a structural transformation Countries that opened their increasingly liberalized markets exhibited increased knowledge and capabilities . This resulted in  higher complexity countries that did not exhibited opposite dynamics


Question: Schröpf et al. 23

Socialism or economic shock fails to halt pollution—market liberalization massively lowered emissions by increasing production complexity– empirics of 27 former socialist states.

Schröpf et al. 23 (Benedikt Schröpf, Chair of Labour and Regional Economics at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg School of Business, Economics and Society. Master’s degree in International Economics at the University of Regensburg. Florian Bucher, PhD student at Andrássy University Budapest, Lucas Scheu, Andrássy University Budapest. "Economic complexity and environmental pollution: Evidence from the former socialist transition countries." Empirica (2023): 1-41. April 28, 2023)

This study examines decline of emissions in t former socialist countries  after  the fall of the iron curtain. since the results for production and consumption-based emissions are similar , we can discard offshoring as a factor our findings suggest that more complex products influenced the EKC advocates of radical interventions degrowth proponents of market-based solutions demand more sustainable growth The underlying question whether we can overcome the trade-off between pollution and prosperity Since products with more environmental benefits are more complex more complex products reduce pollution former socialist countries experienced a major shock that impacted their development After the fall and deindustrialization countries underwent a structural transformation Countries that opened their increasingly liberalized markets exhibited increased knowledge and capabilities . This resulted in  higher complexity countries that did not exhibited opposite dynamics


Question: market liberalization lowered emissions

Socialism or economic shock fails to halt pollution—market liberalization massively lowered emissions by increasing production complexity– empirics of 27 former socialist states.

Schröpf et al. 23 (Benedikt Schröpf, Chair of Labour and Regional Economics at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg School of Business, Economics and Society. Master’s degree in International Economics at the University of Regensburg. Florian Bucher, PhD student at Andrássy University Budapest, Lucas Scheu, Andrássy University Budapest. "Economic complexity and environmental pollution: Evidence from the former socialist transition countries." Empirica (2023): 1-41. April 28, 2023)

This study examines decline of emissions in t former socialist countries  after  the fall of the iron curtain. since the results for production and consumption-based emissions are similar , we can discard offshoring as a factor our findings suggest that more complex products influenced the EKC advocates of radical interventions degrowth proponents of market-based solutions demand more sustainable growth The underlying question whether we can overcome the trade-off between pollution and prosperity Since products with more environmental benefits are more complex more complex products reduce pollution former socialist countries experienced a major shock that impacted their development After the fall and deindustrialization countries underwent a structural transformation Countries that opened their increasingly liberalized markets exhibited increased knowledge and capabilities . This resulted in  higher complexity countries that did not exhibited opposite dynamics


Question: economic complexity reduces pollution

Socialism or economic shock fails to halt pollution—market liberalization massively lowered emissions by increasing production complexity– empirics of 27 former socialist states.

Schröpf et al. 23 (Benedikt Schröpf, Chair of Labour and Regional Economics at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg School of Business, Economics and Society. Master’s degree in International Economics at the University of Regensburg. Florian Bucher, PhD student at Andrássy University Budapest, Lucas Scheu, Andrássy University Budapest. "Economic complexity and environmental pollution: Evidence from the former socialist transition countries." Empirica (2023): 1-41. April 28, 2023)

This study examines decline of emissions in t former socialist countries  after  the fall of the iron curtain. since the results for production and consumption-based emissions are similar , we can discard offshoring as a factor our findings suggest that more complex products influenced the EKC advocates of radical interventions degrowth proponents of market-based solutions demand more sustainable growth The underlying question whether we can overcome the trade-off between pollution and prosperity Since products with more environmental benefits are more complex more complex products reduce pollution former socialist countries experienced a major shock that impacted their development After the fall and deindustrialization countries underwent a structural transformation Countries that opened their increasingly liberalized markets exhibited increased knowledge and capabilities . This resulted in  higher complexity countries that did not exhibited opposite dynamics


Question: former socialist states emissions

Socialism or economic shock fails to halt pollution—market liberalization massively lowered emissions by increasing production complexity– empirics of 27 former socialist states.

Schröpf et al. 23 (Benedikt Schröpf, Chair of Labour and Regional Economics at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg School of Business, Economics and Society. Master’s degree in International Economics at the University of Regensburg. Florian Bucher, PhD student at Andrássy University Budapest, Lucas Scheu, Andrássy University Budapest. "Economic complexity and environmental pollution: Evidence from the former socialist transition countries." Empirica (2023): 1-41. April 28, 2023)

This study examines decline of emissions in t former socialist countries  after  the fall of the iron curtain. since the results for production and consumption-based emissions are similar , we can discard offshoring as a factor our findings suggest that more complex products influenced the EKC advocates of radical interventions degrowth proponents of market-based solutions demand more sustainable growth The underlying question whether we can overcome the trade-off between pollution and prosperity Since products with more environmental benefits are more complex more complex products reduce pollution former socialist countries experienced a major shock that impacted their development After the fall and deindustrialization countries underwent a structural transformation Countries that opened their increasingly liberalized markets exhibited increased knowledge and capabilities . This resulted in  higher complexity countries that did not exhibited opposite dynamics


Question: market liberalization good environment

Socialism or economic shock fails to halt pollution—market liberalization massively lowered emissions by increasing production complexity– empirics of 27 former socialist states.

Schröpf et al. 23 (Benedikt Schröpf, Chair of Labour and Regional Economics at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg School of Business, Economics and Society. Master’s degree in International Economics at the University of Regensburg. Florian Bucher, PhD student at Andrássy University Budapest, Lucas Scheu, Andrássy University Budapest. "Economic complexity and environmental pollution: Evidence from the former socialist transition countries." Empirica (2023): 1-41. April 28, 2023)

This study examines decline of emissions in t former socialist countries  after  the fall of the iron curtain. since the results for production and consumption-based emissions are similar , we can discard offshoring as a factor our findings suggest that more complex products influenced the EKC advocates of radical interventions degrowth proponents of market-based solutions demand more sustainable growth The underlying question whether we can overcome the trade-off between pollution and prosperity Since products with more environmental benefits are more complex more complex products reduce pollution former socialist countries experienced a major shock that impacted their development After the fall and deindustrialization countries underwent a structural transformation Countries that opened their increasingly liberalized markets exhibited increased knowledge and capabilities . This resulted in  higher complexity countries that did not exhibited opposite dynamics


Question: Industrial ag dependent on fossil fuels

Industrial Ag is DEPENDENT on fossil fuel extraction to fuel this growth. Controlled declines of intensity and consumption solve best.

GAFF* 23 [*Global Alliance for the Future of Food {Alliance of philanthropic foundations aligned toward transforming global food systems}. Power Shift: Why We Need to Wean Industrial Food Systems Off Fossil Fuels. n.p.: Global Alliance for the Future of Food, 2023, https://futureoffood.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/ga_food-energy-nexus_report.pdf] //falcon

Industrial food energy intensive and dependent on fossil fuels food account for 15% of global fossil fuel use fuel use will increase unless we drastically transform systems Fossil fuels crucial to produce and package food, power machinery and equipment, fuel transportation systems, and for storage and cooking Energy intensity growing due to: increased mechanization ; growing fossil inputs growing demand for meat, dairy, and ultra-processed foods


Question: GAFF 23

Industrial Ag is DEPENDENT on fossil fuel extraction to fuel this growth. Controlled declines of intensity and consumption solve best.

GAFF* 23 [*Global Alliance for the Future of Food {Alliance of philanthropic foundations aligned toward transforming global food systems}. Power Shift: Why We Need to Wean Industrial Food Systems Off Fossil Fuels. n.p.: Global Alliance for the Future of Food, 2023, https://futureoffood.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/ga_food-energy-nexus_report.pdf] //falcon

Industrial food energy intensive and dependent on fossil fuels food account for 15% of global fossil fuel use fuel use will increase unless we drastically transform systems Fossil fuels crucial to produce and package food, power machinery and equipment, fuel transportation systems, and for storage and cooking Energy intensity growing due to: increased mechanization ; growing fossil inputs growing demand for meat, dairy, and ultra-processed foods


Question: Global Alliance for the Future of Food

Industrial Ag is DEPENDENT on fossil fuel extraction to fuel this growth. Controlled declines of intensity and consumption solve best.

GAFF* 23 [*Global Alliance for the Future of Food {Alliance of philanthropic foundations aligned toward transforming global food systems}. Power Shift: Why We Need to Wean Industrial Food Systems Off Fossil Fuels. n.p.: Global Alliance for the Future of Food, 2023, https://futureoffood.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/ga_food-energy-nexus_report.pdf] //falcon

Industrial food energy intensive and dependent on fossil fuels food account for 15% of global fossil fuel use fuel use will increase unless we drastically transform systems Fossil fuels crucial to produce and package food, power machinery and equipment, fuel transportation systems, and for storage and cooking Energy intensity growing due to: increased mechanization ; growing fossil inputs growing demand for meat, dairy, and ultra-processed foods


Question: food fossil fuel use

Industrial Ag is DEPENDENT on fossil fuel extraction to fuel this growth. Controlled declines of intensity and consumption solve best.

GAFF* 23 [*Global Alliance for the Future of Food {Alliance of philanthropic foundations aligned toward transforming global food systems}. Power Shift: Why We Need to Wean Industrial Food Systems Off Fossil Fuels. n.p.: Global Alliance for the Future of Food, 2023, https://futureoffood.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/ga_food-energy-nexus_report.pdf] //falcon

Industrial food energy intensive and dependent on fossil fuels food account for 15% of global fossil fuel use fuel use will increase unless we drastically transform systems Fossil fuels crucial to produce and package food, power machinery and equipment, fuel transportation systems, and for storage and cooking Energy intensity growing due to: increased mechanization ; growing fossil inputs growing demand for meat, dairy, and ultra-processed foods


Question: industrial food energy intensive

Industrial Ag is DEPENDENT on fossil fuel extraction to fuel this growth. Controlled declines of intensity and consumption solve best.

GAFF* 23 [*Global Alliance for the Future of Food {Alliance of philanthropic foundations aligned toward transforming global food systems}. Power Shift: Why We Need to Wean Industrial Food Systems Off Fossil Fuels. n.p.: Global Alliance for the Future of Food, 2023, https://futureoffood.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/ga_food-energy-nexus_report.pdf] //falcon

Industrial food energy intensive and dependent on fossil fuels food account for 15% of global fossil fuel use fuel use will increase unless we drastically transform systems Fossil fuels crucial to produce and package food, power machinery and equipment, fuel transportation systems, and for storage and cooking Energy intensity growing due to: increased mechanization ; growing fossil inputs growing demand for meat, dairy, and ultra-processed foods


Question: decline intensity and consumption

Industrial Ag is DEPENDENT on fossil fuel extraction to fuel this growth. Controlled declines of intensity and consumption solve best.

GAFF* 23 [*Global Alliance for the Future of Food {Alliance of philanthropic foundations aligned toward transforming global food systems}. Power Shift: Why We Need to Wean Industrial Food Systems Off Fossil Fuels. n.p.: Global Alliance for the Future of Food, 2023, https://futureoffood.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/ga_food-energy-nexus_report.pdf] //falcon

Industrial food energy intensive and dependent on fossil fuels food account for 15% of global fossil fuel use fuel use will increase unless we drastically transform systems Fossil fuels crucial to produce and package food, power machinery and equipment, fuel transportation systems, and for storage and cooking Energy intensity growing due to: increased mechanization ; growing fossil inputs growing demand for meat, dairy, and ultra-processed foods


Question: wean food systems off fossil fuels

Industrial Ag is DEPENDENT on fossil fuel extraction to fuel this growth. Controlled declines of intensity and consumption solve best.

GAFF* 23 [*Global Alliance for the Future of Food {Alliance of philanthropic foundations aligned toward transforming global food systems}. Power Shift: Why We Need to Wean Industrial Food Systems Off Fossil Fuels. n.p.: Global Alliance for the Future of Food, 2023, https://futureoffood.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/ga_food-energy-nexus_report.pdf] //falcon

Industrial food energy intensive and dependent on fossil fuels food account for 15% of global fossil fuel use fuel use will increase unless we drastically transform systems Fossil fuels crucial to produce and package food, power machinery and equipment, fuel transportation systems, and for storage and cooking Energy intensity growing due to: increased mechanization ; growing fossil inputs growing demand for meat, dairy, and ultra-processed foods


Question: seabed mining alternative to land

Our evidence directly frames seabed mining as an alt to land based mining – that means it solves their offense – if there’s any residual link, it’s outweighed by the benefits of a green transition

Segal 23 – Partner at Bracewell LLP and co-head of Bracewell’s Policy Resolution Group with over two decades of experience across a broad range of policy and communications issues, with particular experience dealing with energy, the environment, and natural resources

Cobalt produced in the Congo has been plagued by child labor issues Nickel will be sourced by clear cutting tropical rainforests and displacing Indigenous groups Fortunately polymetallic nodules constitute the richest untapped sources as an alternative to land mining


Question: Segal 23

Our evidence directly frames seabed mining as an alt to land based mining – that means it solves their offense – if there’s any residual link, it’s outweighed by the benefits of a green transition

Segal 23 – Partner at Bracewell LLP and co-head of Bracewell’s Policy Resolution Group with over two decades of experience across a broad range of policy and communications issues, with particular experience dealing with energy, the environment, and natural resources

Cobalt produced in the Congo has been plagued by child labor issues Nickel will be sourced by clear cutting tropical rainforests and displacing Indigenous groups Fortunately polymetallic nodules constitute the richest untapped sources as an alternative to land mining


Question: green transition outweighs land mining

Our evidence directly frames seabed mining as an alt to land based mining – that means it solves their offense – if there’s any residual link, it’s outweighed by the benefits of a green transition

Segal 23 – Partner at Bracewell LLP and co-head of Bracewell’s Policy Resolution Group with over two decades of experience across a broad range of policy and communications issues, with particular experience dealing with energy, the environment, and natural resources

Cobalt produced in the Congo has been plagued by child labor issues Nickel will be sourced by clear cutting tropical rainforests and displacing Indigenous groups Fortunately polymetallic nodules constitute the richest untapped sources as an alternative to land mining


Question: land mining bad

Our evidence directly frames seabed mining as an alt to land based mining – that means it solves their offense – if there’s any residual link, it’s outweighed by the benefits of a green transition

Segal 23 – Partner at Bracewell LLP and co-head of Bracewell’s Policy Resolution Group with over two decades of experience across a broad range of policy and communications issues, with particular experience dealing with energy, the environment, and natural resources

Cobalt produced in the Congo has been plagued by child labor issues Nickel will be sourced by clear cutting tropical rainforests and displacing Indigenous groups Fortunately polymetallic nodules constitute the richest untapped sources as an alternative to land mining


Question: seabed mining vs land mining

Our evidence directly frames seabed mining as an alt to land based mining – that means it solves their offense – if there’s any residual link, it’s outweighed by the benefits of a green transition

Segal 23 – Partner at Bracewell LLP and co-head of Bracewell’s Policy Resolution Group with over two decades of experience across a broad range of policy and communications issues, with particular experience dealing with energy, the environment, and natural resources

Cobalt produced in the Congo has been plagued by child labor issues Nickel will be sourced by clear cutting tropical rainforests and displacing Indigenous groups Fortunately polymetallic nodules constitute the richest untapped sources as an alternative to land mining


Question: alternative to land mining

Our evidence directly frames seabed mining as an alt to land based mining – that means it solves their offense – if there’s any residual link, it’s outweighed by the benefits of a green transition

Segal 23 – Partner at Bracewell LLP and co-head of Bracewell’s Policy Resolution Group with over two decades of experience across a broad range of policy and communications issues, with particular experience dealing with energy, the environment, and natural resources

Cobalt produced in the Congo has been plagued by child labor issues Nickel will be sourced by clear cutting tropical rainforests and displacing Indigenous groups Fortunately polymetallic nodules constitute the richest untapped sources as an alternative to land mining


Question: cobalt child labor

Our evidence directly frames seabed mining as an alt to land based mining – that means it solves their offense – if there’s any residual link, it’s outweighed by the benefits of a green transition

Segal 23 – Partner at Bracewell LLP and co-head of Bracewell’s Policy Resolution Group with over two decades of experience across a broad range of policy and communications issues, with particular experience dealing with energy, the environment, and natural resources

Cobalt produced in the Congo has been plagued by child labor issues Nickel will be sourced by clear cutting tropical rainforests and displacing Indigenous groups Fortunately polymetallic nodules constitute the richest untapped sources as an alternative to land mining


Question: nickel clear cutting

Our evidence directly frames seabed mining as an alt to land based mining – that means it solves their offense – if there’s any residual link, it’s outweighed by the benefits of a green transition

Segal 23 – Partner at Bracewell LLP and co-head of Bracewell’s Policy Resolution Group with over two decades of experience across a broad range of policy and communications issues, with particular experience dealing with energy, the environment, and natural resources

Cobalt produced in the Congo has been plagued by child labor issues Nickel will be sourced by clear cutting tropical rainforests and displacing Indigenous groups Fortunately polymetallic nodules constitute the richest untapped sources as an alternative to land mining


Question: timeframe ultimate question over magnitude

That makes timeframe the ultimate question over magnitude.

R. Quentin Grafton et al. 12. is Professor of Economics, ANU Public Policy Fellow, Fellow of the Asia and the Pacific Policy Society and Director of the Centre for Water Economics, Environment and Policy (CWEEP) at the Crawford School of Public Policy at the Australian National University; Tom Kompas is the Foundation Director of the Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental Economics (ACBEE) and one of four Chief Investigators in the Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA) at the University of Melbourne; Ngo Van Long is a professor, PhD, from the Australian National University, former co-editor of the Canadian Journal of Economics and associate editor of the Journal of International Economics, associate editor of the Review of International Economics, the International Game Theory Review, and the Journal of Public Economic Theory, “Substitution between biofuels and fossil fuels: Is there a green paradox?”, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 64 (2012): pp. 328–341

with linear demand and marginal extraction costs that increase linearly even when the Paradox does not hold it can hold in the short or medium term the time period is critically important . what happens to cumulative emissions over the next 30 years interval is critical


Question: Grafton, Kompas, and Long

That makes timeframe the ultimate question over magnitude.

R. Quentin Grafton et al. 12. is Professor of Economics, ANU Public Policy Fellow, Fellow of the Asia and the Pacific Policy Society and Director of the Centre for Water Economics, Environment and Policy (CWEEP) at the Crawford School of Public Policy at the Australian National University; Tom Kompas is the Foundation Director of the Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental Economics (ACBEE) and one of four Chief Investigators in the Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA) at the University of Melbourne; Ngo Van Long is a professor, PhD, from the Australian National University, former co-editor of the Canadian Journal of Economics and associate editor of the Journal of International Economics, associate editor of the Review of International Economics, the International Game Theory Review, and the Journal of Public Economic Theory, “Substitution between biofuels and fossil fuels: Is there a green paradox?”, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 64 (2012): pp. 328–341

with linear demand and marginal extraction costs that increase linearly even when the Paradox does not hold it can hold in the short or medium term the time period is critically important . what happens to cumulative emissions over the next 30 years interval is critical


Question: Grafton et al 12

That makes timeframe the ultimate question over magnitude.

R. Quentin Grafton et al. 12. is Professor of Economics, ANU Public Policy Fellow, Fellow of the Asia and the Pacific Policy Society and Director of the Centre for Water Economics, Environment and Policy (CWEEP) at the Crawford School of Public Policy at the Australian National University; Tom Kompas is the Foundation Director of the Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental Economics (ACBEE) and one of four Chief Investigators in the Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA) at the University of Melbourne; Ngo Van Long is a professor, PhD, from the Australian National University, former co-editor of the Canadian Journal of Economics and associate editor of the Journal of International Economics, associate editor of the Review of International Economics, the International Game Theory Review, and the Journal of Public Economic Theory, “Substitution between biofuels and fossil fuels: Is there a green paradox?”, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 64 (2012): pp. 328–341

with linear demand and marginal extraction costs that increase linearly even when the Paradox does not hold it can hold in the short or medium term the time period is critically important . what happens to cumulative emissions over the next 30 years interval is critical


Question: time period is critically important

That makes timeframe the ultimate question over magnitude.

R. Quentin Grafton et al. 12. is Professor of Economics, ANU Public Policy Fellow, Fellow of the Asia and the Pacific Policy Society and Director of the Centre for Water Economics, Environment and Policy (CWEEP) at the Crawford School of Public Policy at the Australian National University; Tom Kompas is the Foundation Director of the Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental Economics (ACBEE) and one of four Chief Investigators in the Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA) at the University of Melbourne; Ngo Van Long is a professor, PhD, from the Australian National University, former co-editor of the Canadian Journal of Economics and associate editor of the Journal of International Economics, associate editor of the Review of International Economics, the International Game Theory Review, and the Journal of Public Economic Theory, “Substitution between biofuels and fossil fuels: Is there a green paradox?”, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 64 (2012): pp. 328–341

with linear demand and marginal extraction costs that increase linearly even when the Paradox does not hold it can hold in the short or medium term the time period is critically important . what happens to cumulative emissions over the next 30 years interval is critical


Question: cumulative emissions in the next 30 years

That makes timeframe the ultimate question over magnitude.

R. Quentin Grafton et al. 12. is Professor of Economics, ANU Public Policy Fellow, Fellow of the Asia and the Pacific Policy Society and Director of the Centre for Water Economics, Environment and Policy (CWEEP) at the Crawford School of Public Policy at the Australian National University; Tom Kompas is the Foundation Director of the Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental Economics (ACBEE) and one of four Chief Investigators in the Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA) at the University of Melbourne; Ngo Van Long is a professor, PhD, from the Australian National University, former co-editor of the Canadian Journal of Economics and associate editor of the Journal of International Economics, associate editor of the Review of International Economics, the International Game Theory Review, and the Journal of Public Economic Theory, “Substitution between biofuels and fossil fuels: Is there a green paradox?”, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 64 (2012): pp. 328–341

with linear demand and marginal extraction costs that increase linearly even when the Paradox does not hold it can hold in the short or medium term the time period is critically important . what happens to cumulative emissions over the next 30 years interval is critical


Question: magnitude versus timeframe

That makes timeframe the ultimate question over magnitude.

R. Quentin Grafton et al. 12. is Professor of Economics, ANU Public Policy Fellow, Fellow of the Asia and the Pacific Policy Society and Director of the Centre for Water Economics, Environment and Policy (CWEEP) at the Crawford School of Public Policy at the Australian National University; Tom Kompas is the Foundation Director of the Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental Economics (ACBEE) and one of four Chief Investigators in the Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA) at the University of Melbourne; Ngo Van Long is a professor, PhD, from the Australian National University, former co-editor of the Canadian Journal of Economics and associate editor of the Journal of International Economics, associate editor of the Review of International Economics, the International Game Theory Review, and the Journal of Public Economic Theory, “Substitution between biofuels and fossil fuels: Is there a green paradox?”, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 64 (2012): pp. 328–341

with linear demand and marginal extraction costs that increase linearly even when the Paradox does not hold it can hold in the short or medium term the time period is critically important . what happens to cumulative emissions over the next 30 years interval is critical


Question: linear demand and marginal extraction costs

That makes timeframe the ultimate question over magnitude.

R. Quentin Grafton et al. 12. is Professor of Economics, ANU Public Policy Fellow, Fellow of the Asia and the Pacific Policy Society and Director of the Centre for Water Economics, Environment and Policy (CWEEP) at the Crawford School of Public Policy at the Australian National University; Tom Kompas is the Foundation Director of the Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental Economics (ACBEE) and one of four Chief Investigators in the Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA) at the University of Melbourne; Ngo Van Long is a professor, PhD, from the Australian National University, former co-editor of the Canadian Journal of Economics and associate editor of the Journal of International Economics, associate editor of the Review of International Economics, the International Game Theory Review, and the Journal of Public Economic Theory, “Substitution between biofuels and fossil fuels: Is there a green paradox?”, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 64 (2012): pp. 328–341

with linear demand and marginal extraction costs that increase linearly even when the Paradox does not hold it can hold in the short or medium term the time period is critically important . what happens to cumulative emissions over the next 30 years interval is critical


Question: Plan popular in PA

Plan’s popular in PA – it immediately boosts fracking.

Kristin Hayes and Dr. Marc Hafstead 20. Senior Director for Research and Policy Engagement, Resources for the Future. Fellow, Director for Carbon Pricing Initiative, Director for Climate Finance and Financial Risk Initiative, Resources for the Future; PhD, Economics, Stanford University. “Carbon Pricing 103: Effects across Sectors.” Resources for the Future. Apr. 27, 2020. https://www.rff.org/publications/explainers/carbon-pricing-103-effects-across-sectors/.

carbon price changes relative prices coal produces high emissions relative to natural gas In the short run this result in a shift from  coal to natural gas


Question: Hayes and Hafstead 2020

Plan’s popular in PA – it immediately boosts fracking.

Kristin Hayes and Dr. Marc Hafstead 20. Senior Director for Research and Policy Engagement, Resources for the Future. Fellow, Director for Carbon Pricing Initiative, Director for Climate Finance and Financial Risk Initiative, Resources for the Future; PhD, Economics, Stanford University. “Carbon Pricing 103: Effects across Sectors.” Resources for the Future. Apr. 27, 2020. https://www.rff.org/publications/explainers/carbon-pricing-103-effects-across-sectors/.

carbon price changes relative prices coal produces high emissions relative to natural gas In the short run this result in a shift from  coal to natural gas


Question: carbon pricing shifts coal

Plan’s popular in PA – it immediately boosts fracking.

Kristin Hayes and Dr. Marc Hafstead 20. Senior Director for Research and Policy Engagement, Resources for the Future. Fellow, Director for Carbon Pricing Initiative, Director for Climate Finance and Financial Risk Initiative, Resources for the Future; PhD, Economics, Stanford University. “Carbon Pricing 103: Effects across Sectors.” Resources for the Future. Apr. 27, 2020. https://www.rff.org/publications/explainers/carbon-pricing-103-effects-across-sectors/.

carbon price changes relative prices coal produces high emissions relative to natural gas In the short run this result in a shift from  coal to natural gas


Question: Carbon price natural gas shift

Plan’s popular in PA – it immediately boosts fracking.

Kristin Hayes and Dr. Marc Hafstead 20. Senior Director for Research and Policy Engagement, Resources for the Future. Fellow, Director for Carbon Pricing Initiative, Director for Climate Finance and Financial Risk Initiative, Resources for the Future; PhD, Economics, Stanford University. “Carbon Pricing 103: Effects across Sectors.” Resources for the Future. Apr. 27, 2020. https://www.rff.org/publications/explainers/carbon-pricing-103-effects-across-sectors/.

carbon price changes relative prices coal produces high emissions relative to natural gas In the short run this result in a shift from  coal to natural gas


Question: Carbon pricing boosts fracking

Plan’s popular in PA – it immediately boosts fracking.

Kristin Hayes and Dr. Marc Hafstead 20. Senior Director for Research and Policy Engagement, Resources for the Future. Fellow, Director for Carbon Pricing Initiative, Director for Climate Finance and Financial Risk Initiative, Resources for the Future; PhD, Economics, Stanford University. “Carbon Pricing 103: Effects across Sectors.” Resources for the Future. Apr. 27, 2020. https://www.rff.org/publications/explainers/carbon-pricing-103-effects-across-sectors/.

carbon price changes relative prices coal produces high emissions relative to natural gas In the short run this result in a shift from  coal to natural gas


Question: Shift from coal to gas

Plan’s popular in PA – it immediately boosts fracking.

Kristin Hayes and Dr. Marc Hafstead 20. Senior Director for Research and Policy Engagement, Resources for the Future. Fellow, Director for Carbon Pricing Initiative, Director for Climate Finance and Financial Risk Initiative, Resources for the Future; PhD, Economics, Stanford University. “Carbon Pricing 103: Effects across Sectors.” Resources for the Future. Apr. 27, 2020. https://www.rff.org/publications/explainers/carbon-pricing-103-effects-across-sectors/.

carbon price changes relative prices coal produces high emissions relative to natural gas In the short run this result in a shift from  coal to natural gas


Question: Degrowth fails to solve climate crisis

Degrowth fails and can’t solve the climate crisis.

Terzi and Wagner 24 (Alessio Terzi, a lecturer at the University of Cambridge and Sciences Po, is an economist at the European Commission and the author of Growth for Good: Reshaping Capitalism to Save Humanity from Climate Catastrophe (Harvard University Press, 2022). Gernot Wagner, a climate economist at Columbia Business School, is the author, most recently, of Geoengineering: The Gamble (Polity, 2021). “Averting Climate Catastrophe Requires Economic Growth” 5/1/24 https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/degrowth-decreasing-economic-output-will-not-solve-climate-crisis-by-alessio-terzi-and-gernot-wagner-2024-05)//conway

Degrowth calls for an absolute reduction rather than merely a shift imagine if decarbonization were to depend entirely on decreasing economic output. world GDP would need to shrink by 5% every year for the next three decades. global GDP contracted by 2.7% at the height of the pandemic achieving net-zero emissions requires trillions of dollars in investment, which will add not subtract from, economic growth.


Question: Terzi and Wagner

Degrowth fails and can’t solve the climate crisis.

Terzi and Wagner 24 (Alessio Terzi, a lecturer at the University of Cambridge and Sciences Po, is an economist at the European Commission and the author of Growth for Good: Reshaping Capitalism to Save Humanity from Climate Catastrophe (Harvard University Press, 2022). Gernot Wagner, a climate economist at Columbia Business School, is the author, most recently, of Geoengineering: The Gamble (Polity, 2021). “Averting Climate Catastrophe Requires Economic Growth” 5/1/24 https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/degrowth-decreasing-economic-output-will-not-solve-climate-crisis-by-alessio-terzi-and-gernot-wagner-2024-05)//conway

Degrowth calls for an absolute reduction rather than merely a shift imagine if decarbonization were to depend entirely on decreasing economic output. world GDP would need to shrink by 5% every year for the next three decades. global GDP contracted by 2.7% at the height of the pandemic achieving net-zero emissions requires trillions of dollars in investment, which will add not subtract from, economic growth.


Question: Degrowth decreasing economic output

Degrowth fails and can’t solve the climate crisis.

Terzi and Wagner 24 (Alessio Terzi, a lecturer at the University of Cambridge and Sciences Po, is an economist at the European Commission and the author of Growth for Good: Reshaping Capitalism to Save Humanity from Climate Catastrophe (Harvard University Press, 2022). Gernot Wagner, a climate economist at Columbia Business School, is the author, most recently, of Geoengineering: The Gamble (Polity, 2021). “Averting Climate Catastrophe Requires Economic Growth” 5/1/24 https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/degrowth-decreasing-economic-output-will-not-solve-climate-crisis-by-alessio-terzi-and-gernot-wagner-2024-05)//conway

Degrowth calls for an absolute reduction rather than merely a shift imagine if decarbonization were to depend entirely on decreasing economic output. world GDP would need to shrink by 5% every year for the next three decades. global GDP contracted by 2.7% at the height of the pandemic achieving net-zero emissions requires trillions of dollars in investment, which will add not subtract from, economic growth.


Question: Climate catastrophe requires economic growth

Degrowth fails and can’t solve the climate crisis.

Terzi and Wagner 24 (Alessio Terzi, a lecturer at the University of Cambridge and Sciences Po, is an economist at the European Commission and the author of Growth for Good: Reshaping Capitalism to Save Humanity from Climate Catastrophe (Harvard University Press, 2022). Gernot Wagner, a climate economist at Columbia Business School, is the author, most recently, of Geoengineering: The Gamble (Polity, 2021). “Averting Climate Catastrophe Requires Economic Growth” 5/1/24 https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/degrowth-decreasing-economic-output-will-not-solve-climate-crisis-by-alessio-terzi-and-gernot-wagner-2024-05)//conway

Degrowth calls for an absolute reduction rather than merely a shift imagine if decarbonization were to depend entirely on decreasing economic output. world GDP would need to shrink by 5% every year for the next three decades. global GDP contracted by 2.7% at the height of the pandemic achieving net-zero emissions requires trillions of dollars in investment, which will add not subtract from, economic growth.


Question: decarbonization decreasing economic output

Degrowth fails and can’t solve the climate crisis.

Terzi and Wagner 24 (Alessio Terzi, a lecturer at the University of Cambridge and Sciences Po, is an economist at the European Commission and the author of Growth for Good: Reshaping Capitalism to Save Humanity from Climate Catastrophe (Harvard University Press, 2022). Gernot Wagner, a climate economist at Columbia Business School, is the author, most recently, of Geoengineering: The Gamble (Polity, 2021). “Averting Climate Catastrophe Requires Economic Growth” 5/1/24 https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/degrowth-decreasing-economic-output-will-not-solve-climate-crisis-by-alessio-terzi-and-gernot-wagner-2024-05)//conway

Degrowth calls for an absolute reduction rather than merely a shift imagine if decarbonization were to depend entirely on decreasing economic output. world GDP would need to shrink by 5% every year for the next three decades. global GDP contracted by 2.7% at the height of the pandemic achieving net-zero emissions requires trillions of dollars in investment, which will add not subtract from, economic growth.


Question: degrowth needs world GDP shrink 5%

Degrowth fails and can’t solve the climate crisis.

Terzi and Wagner 24 (Alessio Terzi, a lecturer at the University of Cambridge and Sciences Po, is an economist at the European Commission and the author of Growth for Good: Reshaping Capitalism to Save Humanity from Climate Catastrophe (Harvard University Press, 2022). Gernot Wagner, a climate economist at Columbia Business School, is the author, most recently, of Geoengineering: The Gamble (Polity, 2021). “Averting Climate Catastrophe Requires Economic Growth” 5/1/24 https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/degrowth-decreasing-economic-output-will-not-solve-climate-crisis-by-alessio-terzi-and-gernot-wagner-2024-05)//conway

Degrowth calls for an absolute reduction rather than merely a shift imagine if decarbonization were to depend entirely on decreasing economic output. world GDP would need to shrink by 5% every year for the next three decades. global GDP contracted by 2.7% at the height of the pandemic achieving net-zero emissions requires trillions of dollars in investment, which will add not subtract from, economic growth.


Question: net-zero emissions requires trillions investment

Degrowth fails and can’t solve the climate crisis.

Terzi and Wagner 24 (Alessio Terzi, a lecturer at the University of Cambridge and Sciences Po, is an economist at the European Commission and the author of Growth for Good: Reshaping Capitalism to Save Humanity from Climate Catastrophe (Harvard University Press, 2022). Gernot Wagner, a climate economist at Columbia Business School, is the author, most recently, of Geoengineering: The Gamble (Polity, 2021). “Averting Climate Catastrophe Requires Economic Growth” 5/1/24 https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/degrowth-decreasing-economic-output-will-not-solve-climate-crisis-by-alessio-terzi-and-gernot-wagner-2024-05)//conway

Degrowth calls for an absolute reduction rather than merely a shift imagine if decarbonization were to depend entirely on decreasing economic output. world GDP would need to shrink by 5% every year for the next three decades. global GDP contracted by 2.7% at the height of the pandemic achieving net-zero emissions requires trillions of dollars in investment, which will add not subtract from, economic growth.


Question: degrowth harms climate

Degrowth fails and can’t solve the climate crisis.

Terzi and Wagner 24 (Alessio Terzi, a lecturer at the University of Cambridge and Sciences Po, is an economist at the European Commission and the author of Growth for Good: Reshaping Capitalism to Save Humanity from Climate Catastrophe (Harvard University Press, 2022). Gernot Wagner, a climate economist at Columbia Business School, is the author, most recently, of Geoengineering: The Gamble (Polity, 2021). “Averting Climate Catastrophe Requires Economic Growth” 5/1/24 https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/degrowth-decreasing-economic-output-will-not-solve-climate-crisis-by-alessio-terzi-and-gernot-wagner-2024-05)//conway

Degrowth calls for an absolute reduction rather than merely a shift imagine if decarbonization were to depend entirely on decreasing economic output. world GDP would need to shrink by 5% every year for the next three decades. global GDP contracted by 2.7% at the height of the pandemic achieving net-zero emissions requires trillions of dollars in investment, which will add not subtract from, economic growth.


Question: Fossil demand is devastating

Fossil demand is devastating for warming. Only a carbon tax can dampen it.

Brill 21, Senior Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, M.A., Mathematical Finance, Boston University, B.A., Economics, Tufts University (Alex Brill, April 27, 2021, “Climate Challenges: The Tax Code’s Role in Creating American Jobs, Achieving Energy Independence, and Providing Consumers with Affordable, Clean Energy,” United States Senate Committee on Finance, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-117shrg48510/pdf/CHRG-117shrg48510.pdf) [[Images omitted]]

government cannot identify every conceivable energy-saving practice a carbon tax impact demand generally reducing emissions over time. A tax would encourage efficient vehicles ; reduce miles traveled ; and drive many modest choices by consumers on energy consumption . While elasticity for electricity is small in short run it is quite high in the long run This is laudable given the risks with climate change