Question: capitalism causes accumulation

C – Capital’s focus on efficiency leads to deregulation and lobbying for exemptions. That causes accumulation.

Spash 20 - Clive Spash 2020 (Clive is an economist, Professor of Public Policy and Governance at the Vienna University of Economics and Business, Editor-in-Chief of Environmental Values, and former President of the European Society for Ecological Economics. His works cover climate change, biodiversity loss, air pollution and conservation. He advocates social–ecological transformation and a paradigm shift in economic thought. "The capitalist passive environmental revolution" Published by the ecological citizen. Accessed 11-09-2024. URL: https://www.ecologicalcitizen.net/pdfs/v04n1-12.pdf) //MSUCB

Corporations market growth as green, circular, inclusive, sustainable and smart soft policies are combined with lobbying media control funding of denialism and antienvironmental think tanks The latest rhetoric is sustainable finance’ Insurers profit from catastrophes For ‘sustainable financiers’, more harm means making more money A claim that the system’ can be ‘adjusted’ without removing corporate or capitalist structures unregulated financialization can be made into a tradable financial asset capital-accumulating economy is no longer the cause of social–ecological crises but their solution


Question: capitalism deregulation lobbying

C – Capital’s focus on efficiency leads to deregulation and lobbying for exemptions. That causes accumulation.

Spash 20 - Clive Spash 2020 (Clive is an economist, Professor of Public Policy and Governance at the Vienna University of Economics and Business, Editor-in-Chief of Environmental Values, and former President of the European Society for Ecological Economics. His works cover climate change, biodiversity loss, air pollution and conservation. He advocates social–ecological transformation and a paradigm shift in economic thought. "The capitalist passive environmental revolution" Published by the ecological citizen. Accessed 11-09-2024. URL: https://www.ecologicalcitizen.net/pdfs/v04n1-12.pdf) //MSUCB

Corporations market growth as green, circular, inclusive, sustainable and smart soft policies are combined with lobbying media control funding of denialism and antienvironmental think tanks The latest rhetoric is sustainable finance’ Insurers profit from catastrophes For ‘sustainable financiers’, more harm means making more money A claim that the system’ can be ‘adjusted’ without removing corporate or capitalist structures unregulated financialization can be made into a tradable financial asset capital-accumulating economy is no longer the cause of social–ecological crises but their solution


Question: corporations market growth green

C – Capital’s focus on efficiency leads to deregulation and lobbying for exemptions. That causes accumulation.

Spash 20 - Clive Spash 2020 (Clive is an economist, Professor of Public Policy and Governance at the Vienna University of Economics and Business, Editor-in-Chief of Environmental Values, and former President of the European Society for Ecological Economics. His works cover climate change, biodiversity loss, air pollution and conservation. He advocates social–ecological transformation and a paradigm shift in economic thought. "The capitalist passive environmental revolution" Published by the ecological citizen. Accessed 11-09-2024. URL: https://www.ecologicalcitizen.net/pdfs/v04n1-12.pdf) //MSUCB

Corporations market growth as green, circular, inclusive, sustainable and smart soft policies are combined with lobbying media control funding of denialism and antienvironmental think tanks The latest rhetoric is sustainable finance’ Insurers profit from catastrophes For ‘sustainable financiers’, more harm means making more money A claim that the system’ can be ‘adjusted’ without removing corporate or capitalist structures unregulated financialization can be made into a tradable financial asset capital-accumulating economy is no longer the cause of social–ecological crises but their solution


Question: sustainable finance harm money

C – Capital’s focus on efficiency leads to deregulation and lobbying for exemptions. That causes accumulation.

Spash 20 - Clive Spash 2020 (Clive is an economist, Professor of Public Policy and Governance at the Vienna University of Economics and Business, Editor-in-Chief of Environmental Values, and former President of the European Society for Ecological Economics. His works cover climate change, biodiversity loss, air pollution and conservation. He advocates social–ecological transformation and a paradigm shift in economic thought. "The capitalist passive environmental revolution" Published by the ecological citizen. Accessed 11-09-2024. URL: https://www.ecologicalcitizen.net/pdfs/v04n1-12.pdf) //MSUCB

Corporations market growth as green, circular, inclusive, sustainable and smart soft policies are combined with lobbying media control funding of denialism and antienvironmental think tanks The latest rhetoric is sustainable finance’ Insurers profit from catastrophes For ‘sustainable financiers’, more harm means making more money A claim that the system’ can be ‘adjusted’ without removing corporate or capitalist structures unregulated financialization can be made into a tradable financial asset capital-accumulating economy is no longer the cause of social–ecological crises but their solution


Question: China won clean tech

China won.

Flowers et. al 24 (Simon Flowers, Chairman, Chief Analyst and author of The Edge; Rory Mccarthy, Director, Power & Renewables Consulting EMEA; Gavin Thompson, Vice Chairman, Energy – Europe, Middle East & Africa; February 29, 2024, “Re-thinking energy transition supply chains,” https://www.woodmac.com/blogs/the-edge/re-thinking-energy-transition-supply-chains/ [Accessed 8-17-24])//g6

China dominated clean tech Through a ‘move early, move fast’ approach government support domestic manufacturing by playing to a scale no other country can match . China pushed mining to scour the globe for metals and has offered generous subsidies China’s renewables manufacturing has gone into overdrive. 80% of battery supply chains 97% of solar wafer production 230 GW of  w s double the US and Europe combined China's surplus and costs mean its manufacturers continue to open markets overseas. Can the rest of the world compete even with incentives production  costs are 70% lower than other major markets not just winning on costs producing best-in-class turbines modules and cells


Question: flowers et al 24

China won.

Flowers et. al 24 (Simon Flowers, Chairman, Chief Analyst and author of The Edge; Rory Mccarthy, Director, Power & Renewables Consulting EMEA; Gavin Thompson, Vice Chairman, Energy – Europe, Middle East & Africa; February 29, 2024, “Re-thinking energy transition supply chains,” https://www.woodmac.com/blogs/the-edge/re-thinking-energy-transition-supply-chains/ [Accessed 8-17-24])//g6

China dominated clean tech Through a ‘move early, move fast’ approach government support domestic manufacturing by playing to a scale no other country can match . China pushed mining to scour the globe for metals and has offered generous subsidies China’s renewables manufacturing has gone into overdrive. 80% of battery supply chains 97% of solar wafer production 230 GW of  w s double the US and Europe combined China's surplus and costs mean its manufacturers continue to open markets overseas. Can the rest of the world compete even with incentives production  costs are 70% lower than other major markets not just winning on costs producing best-in-class turbines modules and cells


Question: China dominated clean tech

China won.

Flowers et. al 24 (Simon Flowers, Chairman, Chief Analyst and author of The Edge; Rory Mccarthy, Director, Power & Renewables Consulting EMEA; Gavin Thompson, Vice Chairman, Energy – Europe, Middle East & Africa; February 29, 2024, “Re-thinking energy transition supply chains,” https://www.woodmac.com/blogs/the-edge/re-thinking-energy-transition-supply-chains/ [Accessed 8-17-24])//g6

China dominated clean tech Through a ‘move early, move fast’ approach government support domestic manufacturing by playing to a scale no other country can match . China pushed mining to scour the globe for metals and has offered generous subsidies China’s renewables manufacturing has gone into overdrive. 80% of battery supply chains 97% of solar wafer production 230 GW of  w s double the US and Europe combined China's surplus and costs mean its manufacturers continue to open markets overseas. Can the rest of the world compete even with incentives production  costs are 70% lower than other major markets not just winning on costs producing best-in-class turbines modules and cells


Question: China early and fast approach

China won.

Flowers et. al 24 (Simon Flowers, Chairman, Chief Analyst and author of The Edge; Rory Mccarthy, Director, Power & Renewables Consulting EMEA; Gavin Thompson, Vice Chairman, Energy – Europe, Middle East & Africa; February 29, 2024, “Re-thinking energy transition supply chains,” https://www.woodmac.com/blogs/the-edge/re-thinking-energy-transition-supply-chains/ [Accessed 8-17-24])//g6

China dominated clean tech Through a ‘move early, move fast’ approach government support domestic manufacturing by playing to a scale no other country can match . China pushed mining to scour the globe for metals and has offered generous subsidies China’s renewables manufacturing has gone into overdrive. 80% of battery supply chains 97% of solar wafer production 230 GW of  w s double the US and Europe combined China's surplus and costs mean its manufacturers continue to open markets overseas. Can the rest of the world compete even with incentives production  costs are 70% lower than other major markets not just winning on costs producing best-in-class turbines modules and cells


Question: China renewable manufacturing

China won.

Flowers et. al 24 (Simon Flowers, Chairman, Chief Analyst and author of The Edge; Rory Mccarthy, Director, Power & Renewables Consulting EMEA; Gavin Thompson, Vice Chairman, Energy – Europe, Middle East & Africa; February 29, 2024, “Re-thinking energy transition supply chains,” https://www.woodmac.com/blogs/the-edge/re-thinking-energy-transition-supply-chains/ [Accessed 8-17-24])//g6

China dominated clean tech Through a ‘move early, move fast’ approach government support domestic manufacturing by playing to a scale no other country can match . China pushed mining to scour the globe for metals and has offered generous subsidies China’s renewables manufacturing has gone into overdrive. 80% of battery supply chains 97% of solar wafer production 230 GW of  w s double the US and Europe combined China's surplus and costs mean its manufacturers continue to open markets overseas. Can the rest of the world compete even with incentives production  costs are 70% lower than other major markets not just winning on costs producing best-in-class turbines modules and cells


Question: China subsidy renewable overdrive

China won.

Flowers et. al 24 (Simon Flowers, Chairman, Chief Analyst and author of The Edge; Rory Mccarthy, Director, Power & Renewables Consulting EMEA; Gavin Thompson, Vice Chairman, Energy – Europe, Middle East & Africa; February 29, 2024, “Re-thinking energy transition supply chains,” https://www.woodmac.com/blogs/the-edge/re-thinking-energy-transition-supply-chains/ [Accessed 8-17-24])//g6

China dominated clean tech Through a ‘move early, move fast’ approach government support domestic manufacturing by playing to a scale no other country can match . China pushed mining to scour the globe for metals and has offered generous subsidies China’s renewables manufacturing has gone into overdrive. 80% of battery supply chains 97% of solar wafer production 230 GW of  w s double the US and Europe combined China's surplus and costs mean its manufacturers continue to open markets overseas. Can the rest of the world compete even with incentives production  costs are 70% lower than other major markets not just winning on costs producing best-in-class turbines modules and cells


Question: China best in class turbines

China won.

Flowers et. al 24 (Simon Flowers, Chairman, Chief Analyst and author of The Edge; Rory Mccarthy, Director, Power & Renewables Consulting EMEA; Gavin Thompson, Vice Chairman, Energy – Europe, Middle East & Africa; February 29, 2024, “Re-thinking energy transition supply chains,” https://www.woodmac.com/blogs/the-edge/re-thinking-energy-transition-supply-chains/ [Accessed 8-17-24])//g6

China dominated clean tech Through a ‘move early, move fast’ approach government support domestic manufacturing by playing to a scale no other country can match . China pushed mining to scour the globe for metals and has offered generous subsidies China’s renewables manufacturing has gone into overdrive. 80% of battery supply chains 97% of solar wafer production 230 GW of  w s double the US and Europe combined China's surplus and costs mean its manufacturers continue to open markets overseas. Can the rest of the world compete even with incentives production  costs are 70% lower than other major markets not just winning on costs producing best-in-class turbines modules and cells


Question: China clean tech supply chains

China won.

Flowers et. al 24 (Simon Flowers, Chairman, Chief Analyst and author of The Edge; Rory Mccarthy, Director, Power & Renewables Consulting EMEA; Gavin Thompson, Vice Chairman, Energy – Europe, Middle East & Africa; February 29, 2024, “Re-thinking energy transition supply chains,” https://www.woodmac.com/blogs/the-edge/re-thinking-energy-transition-supply-chains/ [Accessed 8-17-24])//g6

China dominated clean tech Through a ‘move early, move fast’ approach government support domestic manufacturing by playing to a scale no other country can match . China pushed mining to scour the globe for metals and has offered generous subsidies China’s renewables manufacturing has gone into overdrive. 80% of battery supply chains 97% of solar wafer production 230 GW of  w s double the US and Europe combined China's surplus and costs mean its manufacturers continue to open markets overseas. Can the rest of the world compete even with incentives production  costs are 70% lower than other major markets not just winning on costs producing best-in-class turbines modules and cells


Question: Mission distortion

3. MISSION DISTORTION. The plan injects “clean energy” as a new agency-wide mission. That restructures the entire DOD’s decision calculus.

Robyn '22-- Dr. Robyn is a public policy expert who writes and consults on policy issues related to energy, transportation, and telecommunications (Dorothy Robyn; "Mission, Money, and Process Makeover: How Federal Procurement Can Catalyze Clean Energy Investment and Innovation"; 08-15-2022; https://itif.org/publications/2022/08/15/mission-money-and-process-makeover-how-federal-procurement-can-catalyze-clean-energy-investment-and-innovation/; NC)

DOD tech is mission driven appropriations follow mission agencies exist to carry out specific missions which have deep roots Everything its  budget , organization , staffing , and  culture is to perform DOD has been especially effective in mission-enhancing innovation sustainable procurement are not mission aligned clean is not the mission DOD’s record on renewable is an example bases depend  on the grid generation enables to  maintain power DOD takes seriously renewable energy  because energy- resilient bases is key to performance


Question: Robyn 22

3. MISSION DISTORTION. The plan injects “clean energy” as a new agency-wide mission. That restructures the entire DOD’s decision calculus.

Robyn '22-- Dr. Robyn is a public policy expert who writes and consults on policy issues related to energy, transportation, and telecommunications (Dorothy Robyn; "Mission, Money, and Process Makeover: How Federal Procurement Can Catalyze Clean Energy Investment and Innovation"; 08-15-2022; https://itif.org/publications/2022/08/15/mission-money-and-process-makeover-how-federal-procurement-can-catalyze-clean-energy-investment-and-innovation/; NC)

DOD tech is mission driven appropriations follow mission agencies exist to carry out specific missions which have deep roots Everything its  budget , organization , staffing , and  culture is to perform DOD has been especially effective in mission-enhancing innovation sustainable procurement are not mission aligned clean is not the mission DOD’s record on renewable is an example bases depend  on the grid generation enables to  maintain power DOD takes seriously renewable energy  because energy- resilient bases is key to performance


Question: clean energy mission DOD

3. MISSION DISTORTION. The plan injects “clean energy” as a new agency-wide mission. That restructures the entire DOD’s decision calculus.

Robyn '22-- Dr. Robyn is a public policy expert who writes and consults on policy issues related to energy, transportation, and telecommunications (Dorothy Robyn; "Mission, Money, and Process Makeover: How Federal Procurement Can Catalyze Clean Energy Investment and Innovation"; 08-15-2022; https://itif.org/publications/2022/08/15/mission-money-and-process-makeover-how-federal-procurement-can-catalyze-clean-energy-investment-and-innovation/; NC)

DOD tech is mission driven appropriations follow mission agencies exist to carry out specific missions which have deep roots Everything its  budget , organization , staffing , and  culture is to perform DOD has been especially effective in mission-enhancing innovation sustainable procurement are not mission aligned clean is not the mission DOD’s record on renewable is an example bases depend  on the grid generation enables to  maintain power DOD takes seriously renewable energy  because energy- resilient bases is key to performance


Question: DOD decision calculus

3. MISSION DISTORTION. The plan injects “clean energy” as a new agency-wide mission. That restructures the entire DOD’s decision calculus.

Robyn '22-- Dr. Robyn is a public policy expert who writes and consults on policy issues related to energy, transportation, and telecommunications (Dorothy Robyn; "Mission, Money, and Process Makeover: How Federal Procurement Can Catalyze Clean Energy Investment and Innovation"; 08-15-2022; https://itif.org/publications/2022/08/15/mission-money-and-process-makeover-how-federal-procurement-can-catalyze-clean-energy-investment-and-innovation/; NC)

DOD tech is mission driven appropriations follow mission agencies exist to carry out specific missions which have deep roots Everything its  budget , organization , staffing , and  culture is to perform DOD has been especially effective in mission-enhancing innovation sustainable procurement are not mission aligned clean is not the mission DOD’s record on renewable is an example bases depend  on the grid generation enables to  maintain power DOD takes seriously renewable energy  because energy- resilient bases is key to performance


Question: DOD tech mission driven

3. MISSION DISTORTION. The plan injects “clean energy” as a new agency-wide mission. That restructures the entire DOD’s decision calculus.

Robyn '22-- Dr. Robyn is a public policy expert who writes and consults on policy issues related to energy, transportation, and telecommunications (Dorothy Robyn; "Mission, Money, and Process Makeover: How Federal Procurement Can Catalyze Clean Energy Investment and Innovation"; 08-15-2022; https://itif.org/publications/2022/08/15/mission-money-and-process-makeover-how-federal-procurement-can-catalyze-clean-energy-investment-and-innovation/; NC)

DOD tech is mission driven appropriations follow mission agencies exist to carry out specific missions which have deep roots Everything its  budget , organization , staffing , and  culture is to perform DOD has been especially effective in mission-enhancing innovation sustainable procurement are not mission aligned clean is not the mission DOD’s record on renewable is an example bases depend  on the grid generation enables to  maintain power DOD takes seriously renewable energy  because energy- resilient bases is key to performance


Question: clean energy not the mission

3. MISSION DISTORTION. The plan injects “clean energy” as a new agency-wide mission. That restructures the entire DOD’s decision calculus.

Robyn '22-- Dr. Robyn is a public policy expert who writes and consults on policy issues related to energy, transportation, and telecommunications (Dorothy Robyn; "Mission, Money, and Process Makeover: How Federal Procurement Can Catalyze Clean Energy Investment and Innovation"; 08-15-2022; https://itif.org/publications/2022/08/15/mission-money-and-process-makeover-how-federal-procurement-can-catalyze-clean-energy-investment-and-innovation/; NC)

DOD tech is mission driven appropriations follow mission agencies exist to carry out specific missions which have deep roots Everything its  budget , organization , staffing , and  culture is to perform DOD has been especially effective in mission-enhancing innovation sustainable procurement are not mission aligned clean is not the mission DOD’s record on renewable is an example bases depend  on the grid generation enables to  maintain power DOD takes seriously renewable energy  because energy- resilient bases is key to performance


Question: DOD record on renewable

3. MISSION DISTORTION. The plan injects “clean energy” as a new agency-wide mission. That restructures the entire DOD’s decision calculus.

Robyn '22-- Dr. Robyn is a public policy expert who writes and consults on policy issues related to energy, transportation, and telecommunications (Dorothy Robyn; "Mission, Money, and Process Makeover: How Federal Procurement Can Catalyze Clean Energy Investment and Innovation"; 08-15-2022; https://itif.org/publications/2022/08/15/mission-money-and-process-makeover-how-federal-procurement-can-catalyze-clean-energy-investment-and-innovation/; NC)

DOD tech is mission driven appropriations follow mission agencies exist to carry out specific missions which have deep roots Everything its  budget , organization , staffing , and  culture is to perform DOD has been especially effective in mission-enhancing innovation sustainable procurement are not mission aligned clean is not the mission DOD’s record on renewable is an example bases depend  on the grid generation enables to  maintain power DOD takes seriously renewable energy  because energy- resilient bases is key to performance


Question: Ethic of incommensurability decolonization

The alternative is an ethic of incommensurability toward decolonization – the only ethical move is to refuse settler colonial research.

Tuck and Yang 12 (Eve Tuck, associate Professor of Critical Race and Indigenous Studies at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, State University of New York at New Paltz. And K. Wayne Yang, Ph.D., Social and Cultural Studies, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego.  Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp.	1-40, pp. 35-36 GC)

An ethic of incommensurability stands in contrast to aims of reconciliation rescuing settler normalcy rescuing a settler future Reconciliation is concerned with questions of what will decolonization look like these questions need not be answered in order for decolonization to exist as a framework Decolonization is accountable to Indigenous sovereignty and futurity answers require a dangerous understanding of uncommonality that un-coalesces coalition politics an ethic of incommensurability means relinquishing settler futurity Native futures, the lives to be lived once the settler nation is gone made possible by an ethic of incommensurability you take away its finality opening the possibility of other futures Decolonization is not an “and”. It is an elsewhere.


Question: Tuck and Yang

The alternative is an ethic of incommensurability toward decolonization – the only ethical move is to refuse settler colonial research.

Tuck and Yang 12 (Eve Tuck, associate Professor of Critical Race and Indigenous Studies at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, State University of New York at New Paltz. And K. Wayne Yang, Ph.D., Social and Cultural Studies, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego.  Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp.	1-40, pp. 35-36 GC)

An ethic of incommensurability stands in contrast to aims of reconciliation rescuing settler normalcy rescuing a settler future Reconciliation is concerned with questions of what will decolonization look like these questions need not be answered in order for decolonization to exist as a framework Decolonization is accountable to Indigenous sovereignty and futurity answers require a dangerous understanding of uncommonality that un-coalesces coalition politics an ethic of incommensurability means relinquishing settler futurity Native futures, the lives to be lived once the settler nation is gone made possible by an ethic of incommensurability you take away its finality opening the possibility of other futures Decolonization is not an “and”. It is an elsewhere.


Question: Tuck and Yang 12

The alternative is an ethic of incommensurability toward decolonization – the only ethical move is to refuse settler colonial research.

Tuck and Yang 12 (Eve Tuck, associate Professor of Critical Race and Indigenous Studies at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, State University of New York at New Paltz. And K. Wayne Yang, Ph.D., Social and Cultural Studies, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego.  Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp.	1-40, pp. 35-36 GC)

An ethic of incommensurability stands in contrast to aims of reconciliation rescuing settler normalcy rescuing a settler future Reconciliation is concerned with questions of what will decolonization look like these questions need not be answered in order for decolonization to exist as a framework Decolonization is accountable to Indigenous sovereignty and futurity answers require a dangerous understanding of uncommonality that un-coalesces coalition politics an ethic of incommensurability means relinquishing settler futurity Native futures, the lives to be lived once the settler nation is gone made possible by an ethic of incommensurability you take away its finality opening the possibility of other futures Decolonization is not an “and”. It is an elsewhere.


Question: Decolonization is not a metaphor

The alternative is an ethic of incommensurability toward decolonization – the only ethical move is to refuse settler colonial research.

Tuck and Yang 12 (Eve Tuck, associate Professor of Critical Race and Indigenous Studies at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, State University of New York at New Paltz. And K. Wayne Yang, Ph.D., Social and Cultural Studies, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego.  Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp.	1-40, pp. 35-36 GC)

An ethic of incommensurability stands in contrast to aims of reconciliation rescuing settler normalcy rescuing a settler future Reconciliation is concerned with questions of what will decolonization look like these questions need not be answered in order for decolonization to exist as a framework Decolonization is accountable to Indigenous sovereignty and futurity answers require a dangerous understanding of uncommonality that un-coalesces coalition politics an ethic of incommensurability means relinquishing settler futurity Native futures, the lives to be lived once the settler nation is gone made possible by an ethic of incommensurability you take away its finality opening the possibility of other futures Decolonization is not an “and”. It is an elsewhere.


Question: Settler colonialism research bad

The alternative is an ethic of incommensurability toward decolonization – the only ethical move is to refuse settler colonial research.

Tuck and Yang 12 (Eve Tuck, associate Professor of Critical Race and Indigenous Studies at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, State University of New York at New Paltz. And K. Wayne Yang, Ph.D., Social and Cultural Studies, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego.  Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp.	1-40, pp. 35-36 GC)

An ethic of incommensurability stands in contrast to aims of reconciliation rescuing settler normalcy rescuing a settler future Reconciliation is concerned with questions of what will decolonization look like these questions need not be answered in order for decolonization to exist as a framework Decolonization is accountable to Indigenous sovereignty and futurity answers require a dangerous understanding of uncommonality that un-coalesces coalition politics an ethic of incommensurability means relinquishing settler futurity Native futures, the lives to be lived once the settler nation is gone made possible by an ethic of incommensurability you take away its finality opening the possibility of other futures Decolonization is not an “and”. It is an elsewhere.


Question: Refuse settler colonial research

The alternative is an ethic of incommensurability toward decolonization – the only ethical move is to refuse settler colonial research.

Tuck and Yang 12 (Eve Tuck, associate Professor of Critical Race and Indigenous Studies at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, State University of New York at New Paltz. And K. Wayne Yang, Ph.D., Social and Cultural Studies, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego.  Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp.	1-40, pp. 35-36 GC)

An ethic of incommensurability stands in contrast to aims of reconciliation rescuing settler normalcy rescuing a settler future Reconciliation is concerned with questions of what will decolonization look like these questions need not be answered in order for decolonization to exist as a framework Decolonization is accountable to Indigenous sovereignty and futurity answers require a dangerous understanding of uncommonality that un-coalesces coalition politics an ethic of incommensurability means relinquishing settler futurity Native futures, the lives to be lived once the settler nation is gone made possible by an ethic of incommensurability you take away its finality opening the possibility of other futures Decolonization is not an “and”. It is an elsewhere.


Question: Decolonization indigeneity education society

The alternative is an ethic of incommensurability toward decolonization – the only ethical move is to refuse settler colonial research.

Tuck and Yang 12 (Eve Tuck, associate Professor of Critical Race and Indigenous Studies at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, State University of New York at New Paltz. And K. Wayne Yang, Ph.D., Social and Cultural Studies, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego.  Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp.	1-40, pp. 35-36 GC)

An ethic of incommensurability stands in contrast to aims of reconciliation rescuing settler normalcy rescuing a settler future Reconciliation is concerned with questions of what will decolonization look like these questions need not be answered in order for decolonization to exist as a framework Decolonization is accountable to Indigenous sovereignty and futurity answers require a dangerous understanding of uncommonality that un-coalesces coalition politics an ethic of incommensurability means relinquishing settler futurity Native futures, the lives to be lived once the settler nation is gone made possible by an ethic of incommensurability you take away its finality opening the possibility of other futures Decolonization is not an “and”. It is an elsewhere.


Question: Decolonization is accountable to Indigenous sovereignty

The alternative is an ethic of incommensurability toward decolonization – the only ethical move is to refuse settler colonial research.

Tuck and Yang 12 (Eve Tuck, associate Professor of Critical Race and Indigenous Studies at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, State University of New York at New Paltz. And K. Wayne Yang, Ph.D., Social and Cultural Studies, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego.  Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp.	1-40, pp. 35-36 GC)

An ethic of incommensurability stands in contrast to aims of reconciliation rescuing settler normalcy rescuing a settler future Reconciliation is concerned with questions of what will decolonization look like these questions need not be answered in order for decolonization to exist as a framework Decolonization is accountable to Indigenous sovereignty and futurity answers require a dangerous understanding of uncommonality that un-coalesces coalition politics an ethic of incommensurability means relinquishing settler futurity Native futures, the lives to be lived once the settler nation is gone made possible by an ethic of incommensurability you take away its finality opening the possibility of other futures Decolonization is not an “and”. It is an elsewhere.


Question: China lacks means for Sinocentric order

China lacks the means and motive for a Sinocentric order.

Weiss 23, PhD, professor of government at Cornell University. (Jessica Chen, 5-4-2023, "Even China Isn’t Convinced It Can Replace the U.S.," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/04/opinion/china-us-world-order.html)

Assessments of China based on cherry-picked phrases from propaganda overlook the gap between rhetoric and reality it is far from clear it can or seeks to replace the U S China’s development largess is limited by the imperative of addressing needs at home Beijing prefers peaceful reunification China could lose a war and face sanctions These would be devastating jeopardizing regime security and rejuvenation facing economic headwinds and a shrinking population There is broad recognition in China it remains militarily and technologically weaker and that mod depends on a stable order


Question: Weiss 23

China lacks the means and motive for a Sinocentric order.

Weiss 23, PhD, professor of government at Cornell University. (Jessica Chen, 5-4-2023, "Even China Isn’t Convinced It Can Replace the U.S.," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/04/opinion/china-us-world-order.html)

Assessments of China based on cherry-picked phrases from propaganda overlook the gap between rhetoric and reality it is far from clear it can or seeks to replace the U S China’s development largess is limited by the imperative of addressing needs at home Beijing prefers peaceful reunification China could lose a war and face sanctions These would be devastating jeopardizing regime security and rejuvenation facing economic headwinds and a shrinking population There is broad recognition in China it remains militarily and technologically weaker and that mod depends on a stable order


Question: Jessica Chen Weiss

China lacks the means and motive for a Sinocentric order.

Weiss 23, PhD, professor of government at Cornell University. (Jessica Chen, 5-4-2023, "Even China Isn’t Convinced It Can Replace the U.S.," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/04/opinion/china-us-world-order.html)

Assessments of China based on cherry-picked phrases from propaganda overlook the gap between rhetoric and reality it is far from clear it can or seeks to replace the U S China’s development largess is limited by the imperative of addressing needs at home Beijing prefers peaceful reunification China could lose a war and face sanctions These would be devastating jeopardizing regime security and rejuvenation facing economic headwinds and a shrinking population There is broad recognition in China it remains militarily and technologically weaker and that mod depends on a stable order


Question: China rhetoric and reality

China lacks the means and motive for a Sinocentric order.

Weiss 23, PhD, professor of government at Cornell University. (Jessica Chen, 5-4-2023, "Even China Isn’t Convinced It Can Replace the U.S.," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/04/opinion/china-us-world-order.html)

Assessments of China based on cherry-picked phrases from propaganda overlook the gap between rhetoric and reality it is far from clear it can or seeks to replace the U S China’s development largess is limited by the imperative of addressing needs at home Beijing prefers peaceful reunification China could lose a war and face sanctions These would be devastating jeopardizing regime security and rejuvenation facing economic headwinds and a shrinking population There is broad recognition in China it remains militarily and technologically weaker and that mod depends on a stable order


Question: China military and tech weaker

China lacks the means and motive for a Sinocentric order.

Weiss 23, PhD, professor of government at Cornell University. (Jessica Chen, 5-4-2023, "Even China Isn’t Convinced It Can Replace the U.S.," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/04/opinion/china-us-world-order.html)

Assessments of China based on cherry-picked phrases from propaganda overlook the gap between rhetoric and reality it is far from clear it can or seeks to replace the U S China’s development largess is limited by the imperative of addressing needs at home Beijing prefers peaceful reunification China could lose a war and face sanctions These would be devastating jeopardizing regime security and rejuvenation facing economic headwinds and a shrinking population There is broad recognition in China it remains militarily and technologically weaker and that mod depends on a stable order


Question: China replace US

China lacks the means and motive for a Sinocentric order.

Weiss 23, PhD, professor of government at Cornell University. (Jessica Chen, 5-4-2023, "Even China Isn’t Convinced It Can Replace the U.S.," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/04/opinion/china-us-world-order.html)

Assessments of China based on cherry-picked phrases from propaganda overlook the gap between rhetoric and reality it is far from clear it can or seeks to replace the U S China’s development largess is limited by the imperative of addressing needs at home Beijing prefers peaceful reunification China could lose a war and face sanctions These would be devastating jeopardizing regime security and rejuvenation facing economic headwinds and a shrinking population There is broad recognition in China it remains militarily and technologically weaker and that mod depends on a stable order


Question: China economic headwinds

China lacks the means and motive for a Sinocentric order.

Weiss 23, PhD, professor of government at Cornell University. (Jessica Chen, 5-4-2023, "Even China Isn’t Convinced It Can Replace the U.S.," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/04/opinion/china-us-world-order.html)

Assessments of China based on cherry-picked phrases from propaganda overlook the gap between rhetoric and reality it is far from clear it can or seeks to replace the U S China’s development largess is limited by the imperative of addressing needs at home Beijing prefers peaceful reunification China could lose a war and face sanctions These would be devastating jeopardizing regime security and rejuvenation facing economic headwinds and a shrinking population There is broad recognition in China it remains militarily and technologically weaker and that mod depends on a stable order


Question: China needs at home

China lacks the means and motive for a Sinocentric order.

Weiss 23, PhD, professor of government at Cornell University. (Jessica Chen, 5-4-2023, "Even China Isn’t Convinced It Can Replace the U.S.," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/04/opinion/china-us-world-order.html)

Assessments of China based on cherry-picked phrases from propaganda overlook the gap between rhetoric and reality it is far from clear it can or seeks to replace the U S China’s development largess is limited by the imperative of addressing needs at home Beijing prefers peaceful reunification China could lose a war and face sanctions These would be devastating jeopardizing regime security and rejuvenation facing economic headwinds and a shrinking population There is broad recognition in China it remains militarily and technologically weaker and that mod depends on a stable order


Question: China will not pursue abatement

China will not pursue abatement in response to the plan.

Schonhardt 23 (Sara Schonhardt, reporter, clean transition and Southeast Asia, Zack Colman, climate change reporter for POLITICO, November 20, 2023, “They’re talking, but a climate divide between Beijing and Washington remains,” https://www.politico.eu/article/cop28-climate-divide-beijing-china-us-washington-john-kerry-xie-zhenhua-joe-biden-xi-jinping/ [Accessed 8-22-24])//g6

Trump drove China further from America the pandemic economic slowdown And energy crunch cemented China’s coal boom . China has turned combative Rather than work with the U.S. Xi made clear China’s  climate policy won’t be dictated by others aligned with Saudi and Russia opposing phasing out fossil fuels China has resisted pressure Anything that would signal they need to do more gets blocked


Question: Schonhardt 23

China will not pursue abatement in response to the plan.

Schonhardt 23 (Sara Schonhardt, reporter, clean transition and Southeast Asia, Zack Colman, climate change reporter for POLITICO, November 20, 2023, “They’re talking, but a climate divide between Beijing and Washington remains,” https://www.politico.eu/article/cop28-climate-divide-beijing-china-us-washington-john-kerry-xie-zhenhua-joe-biden-xi-jinping/ [Accessed 8-22-24])//g6

Trump drove China further from America the pandemic economic slowdown And energy crunch cemented China’s coal boom . China has turned combative Rather than work with the U.S. Xi made clear China’s  climate policy won’t be dictated by others aligned with Saudi and Russia opposing phasing out fossil fuels China has resisted pressure Anything that would signal they need to do more gets blocked


Question: China coal boom

China will not pursue abatement in response to the plan.

Schonhardt 23 (Sara Schonhardt, reporter, clean transition and Southeast Asia, Zack Colman, climate change reporter for POLITICO, November 20, 2023, “They’re talking, but a climate divide between Beijing and Washington remains,” https://www.politico.eu/article/cop28-climate-divide-beijing-china-us-washington-john-kerry-xie-zhenhua-joe-biden-xi-jinping/ [Accessed 8-22-24])//g6

Trump drove China further from America the pandemic economic slowdown And energy crunch cemented China’s coal boom . China has turned combative Rather than work with the U.S. Xi made clear China’s  climate policy won’t be dictated by others aligned with Saudi and Russia opposing phasing out fossil fuels China has resisted pressure Anything that would signal they need to do more gets blocked


Question: China climate policy won't be dictated

China will not pursue abatement in response to the plan.

Schonhardt 23 (Sara Schonhardt, reporter, clean transition and Southeast Asia, Zack Colman, climate change reporter for POLITICO, November 20, 2023, “They’re talking, but a climate divide between Beijing and Washington remains,” https://www.politico.eu/article/cop28-climate-divide-beijing-china-us-washington-john-kerry-xie-zhenhua-joe-biden-xi-jinping/ [Accessed 8-22-24])//g6

Trump drove China further from America the pandemic economic slowdown And energy crunch cemented China’s coal boom . China has turned combative Rather than work with the U.S. Xi made clear China’s  climate policy won’t be dictated by others aligned with Saudi and Russia opposing phasing out fossil fuels China has resisted pressure Anything that would signal they need to do more gets blocked


Question: China resists climate pressure

China will not pursue abatement in response to the plan.

Schonhardt 23 (Sara Schonhardt, reporter, clean transition and Southeast Asia, Zack Colman, climate change reporter for POLITICO, November 20, 2023, “They’re talking, but a climate divide between Beijing and Washington remains,” https://www.politico.eu/article/cop28-climate-divide-beijing-china-us-washington-john-kerry-xie-zhenhua-joe-biden-xi-jinping/ [Accessed 8-22-24])//g6

Trump drove China further from America the pandemic economic slowdown And energy crunch cemented China’s coal boom . China has turned combative Rather than work with the U.S. Xi made clear China’s  climate policy won’t be dictated by others aligned with Saudi and Russia opposing phasing out fossil fuels China has resisted pressure Anything that would signal they need to do more gets blocked


Question: US China climate divide

China will not pursue abatement in response to the plan.

Schonhardt 23 (Sara Schonhardt, reporter, clean transition and Southeast Asia, Zack Colman, climate change reporter for POLITICO, November 20, 2023, “They’re talking, but a climate divide between Beijing and Washington remains,” https://www.politico.eu/article/cop28-climate-divide-beijing-china-us-washington-john-kerry-xie-zhenhua-joe-biden-xi-jinping/ [Accessed 8-22-24])//g6

Trump drove China further from America the pandemic economic slowdown And energy crunch cemented China’s coal boom . China has turned combative Rather than work with the U.S. Xi made clear China’s  climate policy won’t be dictated by others aligned with Saudi and Russia opposing phasing out fossil fuels China has resisted pressure Anything that would signal they need to do more gets blocked


Question: China resists emissions cuts

China will not pursue abatement in response to the plan.

Schonhardt 23 (Sara Schonhardt, reporter, clean transition and Southeast Asia, Zack Colman, climate change reporter for POLITICO, November 20, 2023, “They’re talking, but a climate divide between Beijing and Washington remains,” https://www.politico.eu/article/cop28-climate-divide-beijing-china-us-washington-john-kerry-xie-zhenhua-joe-biden-xi-jinping/ [Accessed 8-22-24])//g6

Trump drove China further from America the pandemic economic slowdown And energy crunch cemented China’s coal boom . China has turned combative Rather than work with the U.S. Xi made clear China’s  climate policy won’t be dictated by others aligned with Saudi and Russia opposing phasing out fossil fuels China has resisted pressure Anything that would signal they need to do more gets blocked


Question: court could decide as early

A] Mich State’s 1AC ev clearly says the court could decide as EARLY AS SEPTEMBER, GMU reads [BLUE]

1AC Davies et al 24 [Paul A. Davies, Partner in the London office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, member of the Board of Directors of Environmental Law Institute, MPhil, LLB University of Wales, Cardiff; Sarah E. Fortt, Partner in the Washington office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, JD Yale Law School; and Betty M. Huber, Partner in the New York office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, JD New York University School of Law; “The Case Against the SEC’s Final Climate Rules Begins in Earnest (and What It Means),” 4-8-2024, https://www.lw.com/en/insights/the-case-against-sec-final-climate-rules-begins-in-earnest]

SEC stay its climate disclosure rules  pending review Once the cases were transferred to the Eighth Circuit a petitioners, including the US Chamber of Commerce, In addition, the US Chamber of Commerce requested that the Eighth Circuit expedite the briefing schedule, which could result in a decision by the court as early as September. violate free speech While may be overturned or unenforced other jurisdictions , and private ordering continue existence altered internal conversations some states already and others poised to adopt climate regulation even if remains in limbo or political change push for transparency intensify


Question: Davies et al 24

A] Mich State’s 1AC ev clearly says the court could decide as EARLY AS SEPTEMBER, GMU reads [BLUE]

1AC Davies et al 24 [Paul A. Davies, Partner in the London office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, member of the Board of Directors of Environmental Law Institute, MPhil, LLB University of Wales, Cardiff; Sarah E. Fortt, Partner in the Washington office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, JD Yale Law School; and Betty M. Huber, Partner in the New York office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, JD New York University School of Law; “The Case Against the SEC’s Final Climate Rules Begins in Earnest (and What It Means),” 4-8-2024, https://www.lw.com/en/insights/the-case-against-sec-final-climate-rules-begins-in-earnest]

SEC stay its climate disclosure rules  pending review Once the cases were transferred to the Eighth Circuit a petitioners, including the US Chamber of Commerce, In addition, the US Chamber of Commerce requested that the Eighth Circuit expedite the briefing schedule, which could result in a decision by the court as early as September. violate free speech While may be overturned or unenforced other jurisdictions , and private ordering continue existence altered internal conversations some states already and others poised to adopt climate regulation even if remains in limbo or political change push for transparency intensify


Question: SEC climate disclosure rules

A] Mich State’s 1AC ev clearly says the court could decide as EARLY AS SEPTEMBER, GMU reads [BLUE]

1AC Davies et al 24 [Paul A. Davies, Partner in the London office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, member of the Board of Directors of Environmental Law Institute, MPhil, LLB University of Wales, Cardiff; Sarah E. Fortt, Partner in the Washington office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, JD Yale Law School; and Betty M. Huber, Partner in the New York office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, JD New York University School of Law; “The Case Against the SEC’s Final Climate Rules Begins in Earnest (and What It Means),” 4-8-2024, https://www.lw.com/en/insights/the-case-against-sec-final-climate-rules-begins-in-earnest]

SEC stay its climate disclosure rules  pending review Once the cases were transferred to the Eighth Circuit a petitioners, including the US Chamber of Commerce, In addition, the US Chamber of Commerce requested that the Eighth Circuit expedite the briefing schedule, which could result in a decision by the court as early as September. violate free speech While may be overturned or unenforced other jurisdictions , and private ordering continue existence altered internal conversations some states already and others poised to adopt climate regulation even if remains in limbo or political change push for transparency intensify


Question: decision as early as september

A] Mich State’s 1AC ev clearly says the court could decide as EARLY AS SEPTEMBER, GMU reads [BLUE]

1AC Davies et al 24 [Paul A. Davies, Partner in the London office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, member of the Board of Directors of Environmental Law Institute, MPhil, LLB University of Wales, Cardiff; Sarah E. Fortt, Partner in the Washington office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, JD Yale Law School; and Betty M. Huber, Partner in the New York office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, JD New York University School of Law; “The Case Against the SEC’s Final Climate Rules Begins in Earnest (and What It Means),” 4-8-2024, https://www.lw.com/en/insights/the-case-against-sec-final-climate-rules-begins-in-earnest]

SEC stay its climate disclosure rules  pending review Once the cases were transferred to the Eighth Circuit a petitioners, including the US Chamber of Commerce, In addition, the US Chamber of Commerce requested that the Eighth Circuit expedite the briefing schedule, which could result in a decision by the court as early as September. violate free speech While may be overturned or unenforced other jurisdictions , and private ordering continue existence altered internal conversations some states already and others poised to adopt climate regulation even if remains in limbo or political change push for transparency intensify


Question: SEC climate rules stay

A] Mich State’s 1AC ev clearly says the court could decide as EARLY AS SEPTEMBER, GMU reads [BLUE]

1AC Davies et al 24 [Paul A. Davies, Partner in the London office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, member of the Board of Directors of Environmental Law Institute, MPhil, LLB University of Wales, Cardiff; Sarah E. Fortt, Partner in the Washington office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, JD Yale Law School; and Betty M. Huber, Partner in the New York office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, JD New York University School of Law; “The Case Against the SEC’s Final Climate Rules Begins in Earnest (and What It Means),” 4-8-2024, https://www.lw.com/en/insights/the-case-against-sec-final-climate-rules-begins-in-earnest]

SEC stay its climate disclosure rules  pending review Once the cases were transferred to the Eighth Circuit a petitioners, including the US Chamber of Commerce, In addition, the US Chamber of Commerce requested that the Eighth Circuit expedite the briefing schedule, which could result in a decision by the court as early as September. violate free speech While may be overturned or unenforced other jurisdictions , and private ordering continue existence altered internal conversations some states already and others poised to adopt climate regulation even if remains in limbo or political change push for transparency intensify


Question: 8th circuit expedite briefing

A] Mich State’s 1AC ev clearly says the court could decide as EARLY AS SEPTEMBER, GMU reads [BLUE]

1AC Davies et al 24 [Paul A. Davies, Partner in the London office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, member of the Board of Directors of Environmental Law Institute, MPhil, LLB University of Wales, Cardiff; Sarah E. Fortt, Partner in the Washington office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, JD Yale Law School; and Betty M. Huber, Partner in the New York office and Global Co-Chair of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Practice at Latham & Watkins LLP, JD New York University School of Law; “The Case Against the SEC’s Final Climate Rules Begins in Earnest (and What It Means),” 4-8-2024, https://www.lw.com/en/insights/the-case-against-sec-final-climate-rules-begins-in-earnest]

SEC stay its climate disclosure rules  pending review Once the cases were transferred to the Eighth Circuit a petitioners, including the US Chamber of Commerce, In addition, the US Chamber of Commerce requested that the Eighth Circuit expedite the briefing schedule, which could result in a decision by the court as early as September. violate free speech While may be overturned or unenforced other jurisdictions , and private ordering continue existence altered internal conversations some states already and others poised to adopt climate regulation even if remains in limbo or political change push for transparency intensify


Question: No warming impact

No warming impact

Zeke Hausfather & Glen P. Peters 20. *Director of climate and energy at the Breakthrough Institute in Oakland, California. **Research director at the CICERO Center for International Climate Research in Oslo, Norway. "Emissions – the ‘business as usual’ story is misleading". Nature. 1-29-2020. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00177-3

dystopian 5  ° of warming business as usual implying it is probable focus becomes extremes , rather than more likely pathways world imagined becomes increasingly implausible every year on course for 3  ° critics assum all dice loaded with worst outcomes Overstating impacts make mitigation harder lead to defeatism poor planning


Question: Hausfather and Peters

No warming impact

Zeke Hausfather & Glen P. Peters 20. *Director of climate and energy at the Breakthrough Institute in Oakland, California. **Research director at the CICERO Center for International Climate Research in Oslo, Norway. "Emissions – the ‘business as usual’ story is misleading". Nature. 1-29-2020. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00177-3

dystopian 5  ° of warming business as usual implying it is probable focus becomes extremes , rather than more likely pathways world imagined becomes increasingly implausible every year on course for 3  ° critics assum all dice loaded with worst outcomes Overstating impacts make mitigation harder lead to defeatism poor planning


Question: Zeke Hausfather

No warming impact

Zeke Hausfather & Glen P. Peters 20. *Director of climate and energy at the Breakthrough Institute in Oakland, California. **Research director at the CICERO Center for International Climate Research in Oslo, Norway. "Emissions – the ‘business as usual’ story is misleading". Nature. 1-29-2020. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00177-3

dystopian 5  ° of warming business as usual implying it is probable focus becomes extremes , rather than more likely pathways world imagined becomes increasingly implausible every year on course for 3  ° critics assum all dice loaded with worst outcomes Overstating impacts make mitigation harder lead to defeatism poor planning


Question: overstating warming impacts

No warming impact

Zeke Hausfather & Glen P. Peters 20. *Director of climate and energy at the Breakthrough Institute in Oakland, California. **Research director at the CICERO Center for International Climate Research in Oslo, Norway. "Emissions – the ‘business as usual’ story is misleading". Nature. 1-29-2020. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00177-3

dystopian 5  ° of warming business as usual implying it is probable focus becomes extremes , rather than more likely pathways world imagined becomes increasingly implausible every year on course for 3  ° critics assum all dice loaded with worst outcomes Overstating impacts make mitigation harder lead to defeatism poor planning


Question: business as usual misleading

No warming impact

Zeke Hausfather & Glen P. Peters 20. *Director of climate and energy at the Breakthrough Institute in Oakland, California. **Research director at the CICERO Center for International Climate Research in Oslo, Norway. "Emissions – the ‘business as usual’ story is misleading". Nature. 1-29-2020. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00177-3

dystopian 5  ° of warming business as usual implying it is probable focus becomes extremes , rather than more likely pathways world imagined becomes increasingly implausible every year on course for 3  ° critics assum all dice loaded with worst outcomes Overstating impacts make mitigation harder lead to defeatism poor planning


Question: 3 degrees warming

No warming impact

Zeke Hausfather & Glen P. Peters 20. *Director of climate and energy at the Breakthrough Institute in Oakland, California. **Research director at the CICERO Center for International Climate Research in Oslo, Norway. "Emissions – the ‘business as usual’ story is misleading". Nature. 1-29-2020. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00177-3

dystopian 5  ° of warming business as usual implying it is probable focus becomes extremes , rather than more likely pathways world imagined becomes increasingly implausible every year on course for 3  ° critics assum all dice loaded with worst outcomes Overstating impacts make mitigation harder lead to defeatism poor planning


Question: Forest biomass industry not price competitive

The forest biomass industry is not price competitive and cannot survive without subsidies

Pienaar & North 21, Professor Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; and PhD Candidate Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; and  (Elizabeth & Benjamin, Continued obstacles to wood-based biomass production in the southeastern United States, GCB Bioenergy. 2021;13:1043–1053., https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.12834)

prices for wood-based biomass are low, which reduces the profitability from supplying wood-based biomass to pellet mills their financial incentive to harvest biomass is small landowners are more likely to engage in wood-based biomass production if they are assured of assistance Government subsidies are designed to ensure investment in biomass harvesting equipment and biomass facilities help to attain full biomass harvest potential However unless loggers and key stakeholders in biomass production trust that biomass for bioenergy will expand and persist, they will have little incentive to invest in the biomass supply chain


Question: Pienaar & North 21

The forest biomass industry is not price competitive and cannot survive without subsidies

Pienaar & North 21, Professor Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; and PhD Candidate Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; and  (Elizabeth & Benjamin, Continued obstacles to wood-based biomass production in the southeastern United States, GCB Bioenergy. 2021;13:1043–1053., https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.12834)

prices for wood-based biomass are low, which reduces the profitability from supplying wood-based biomass to pellet mills their financial incentive to harvest biomass is small landowners are more likely to engage in wood-based biomass production if they are assured of assistance Government subsidies are designed to ensure investment in biomass harvesting equipment and biomass facilities help to attain full biomass harvest potential However unless loggers and key stakeholders in biomass production trust that biomass for bioenergy will expand and persist, they will have little incentive to invest in the biomass supply chain


Question: wood-based biomass subsidies

The forest biomass industry is not price competitive and cannot survive without subsidies

Pienaar & North 21, Professor Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; and PhD Candidate Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; and  (Elizabeth & Benjamin, Continued obstacles to wood-based biomass production in the southeastern United States, GCB Bioenergy. 2021;13:1043–1053., https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.12834)

prices for wood-based biomass are low, which reduces the profitability from supplying wood-based biomass to pellet mills their financial incentive to harvest biomass is small landowners are more likely to engage in wood-based biomass production if they are assured of assistance Government subsidies are designed to ensure investment in biomass harvesting equipment and biomass facilities help to attain full biomass harvest potential However unless loggers and key stakeholders in biomass production trust that biomass for bioenergy will expand and persist, they will have little incentive to invest in the biomass supply chain


Question: biomass production obstacles

The forest biomass industry is not price competitive and cannot survive without subsidies

Pienaar & North 21, Professor Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; and PhD Candidate Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; and  (Elizabeth & Benjamin, Continued obstacles to wood-based biomass production in the southeastern United States, GCB Bioenergy. 2021;13:1043–1053., https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.12834)

prices for wood-based biomass are low, which reduces the profitability from supplying wood-based biomass to pellet mills their financial incentive to harvest biomass is small landowners are more likely to engage in wood-based biomass production if they are assured of assistance Government subsidies are designed to ensure investment in biomass harvesting equipment and biomass facilities help to attain full biomass harvest potential However unless loggers and key stakeholders in biomass production trust that biomass for bioenergy will expand and persist, they will have little incentive to invest in the biomass supply chain


Question: biomass need subsidies

The forest biomass industry is not price competitive and cannot survive without subsidies

Pienaar & North 21, Professor Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; and PhD Candidate Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; and  (Elizabeth & Benjamin, Continued obstacles to wood-based biomass production in the southeastern United States, GCB Bioenergy. 2021;13:1043–1053., https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.12834)

prices for wood-based biomass are low, which reduces the profitability from supplying wood-based biomass to pellet mills their financial incentive to harvest biomass is small landowners are more likely to engage in wood-based biomass production if they are assured of assistance Government subsidies are designed to ensure investment in biomass harvesting equipment and biomass facilities help to attain full biomass harvest potential However unless loggers and key stakeholders in biomass production trust that biomass for bioenergy will expand and persist, they will have little incentive to invest in the biomass supply chain


Question: Government subsidies biomass harvesting

The forest biomass industry is not price competitive and cannot survive without subsidies

Pienaar & North 21, Professor Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; and PhD Candidate Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; and  (Elizabeth & Benjamin, Continued obstacles to wood-based biomass production in the southeastern United States, GCB Bioenergy. 2021;13:1043–1053., https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.12834)

prices for wood-based biomass are low, which reduces the profitability from supplying wood-based biomass to pellet mills their financial incentive to harvest biomass is small landowners are more likely to engage in wood-based biomass production if they are assured of assistance Government subsidies are designed to ensure investment in biomass harvesting equipment and biomass facilities help to attain full biomass harvest potential However unless loggers and key stakeholders in biomass production trust that biomass for bioenergy will expand and persist, they will have little incentive to invest in the biomass supply chain


Question: biomass harvest potential

The forest biomass industry is not price competitive and cannot survive without subsidies

Pienaar & North 21, Professor Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia; and PhD Candidate Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; and  (Elizabeth & Benjamin, Continued obstacles to wood-based biomass production in the southeastern United States, GCB Bioenergy. 2021;13:1043–1053., https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.12834)

prices for wood-based biomass are low, which reduces the profitability from supplying wood-based biomass to pellet mills their financial incentive to harvest biomass is small landowners are more likely to engage in wood-based biomass production if they are assured of assistance Government subsidies are designed to ensure investment in biomass harvesting equipment and biomass facilities help to attain full biomass harvest potential However unless loggers and key stakeholders in biomass production trust that biomass for bioenergy will expand and persist, they will have little incentive to invest in the biomass supply chain


Question: Surface area increases cyber

4. Surface area increases.

Kearney 24 – U.S. Energy Reporter at Reuters. M.A. in Journalism, business and economic concentration, Columbia University.

U.S. grids are increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks with the number of susceptible points increasing by 60 per day The grids' weak spots susceptible to cyber criminals grew last year It's hard to keep pace with all those vulnerabilities


Question: Kearney 24 cyber vulnerability

4. Surface area increases.

Kearney 24 – U.S. Energy Reporter at Reuters. M.A. in Journalism, business and economic concentration, Columbia University.

U.S. grids are increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks with the number of susceptible points increasing by 60 per day The grids' weak spots susceptible to cyber criminals grew last year It's hard to keep pace with all those vulnerabilities


Question: Kearney Reuters

4. Surface area increases.

Kearney 24 – U.S. Energy Reporter at Reuters. M.A. in Journalism, business and economic concentration, Columbia University.

U.S. grids are increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks with the number of susceptible points increasing by 60 per day The grids' weak spots susceptible to cyber criminals grew last year It's hard to keep pace with all those vulnerabilities


Question: grids increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks

4. Surface area increases.

Kearney 24 – U.S. Energy Reporter at Reuters. M.A. in Journalism, business and economic concentration, Columbia University.

U.S. grids are increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks with the number of susceptible points increasing by 60 per day The grids' weak spots susceptible to cyber criminals grew last year It's hard to keep pace with all those vulnerabilities


Question: susceptible points increasing by 60 per day

4. Surface area increases.

Kearney 24 – U.S. Energy Reporter at Reuters. M.A. in Journalism, business and economic concentration, Columbia University.

U.S. grids are increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks with the number of susceptible points increasing by 60 per day The grids' weak spots susceptible to cyber criminals grew last year It's hard to keep pace with all those vulnerabilities


Question: grids weak spots

4. Surface area increases.

Kearney 24 – U.S. Energy Reporter at Reuters. M.A. in Journalism, business and economic concentration, Columbia University.

U.S. grids are increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks with the number of susceptible points increasing by 60 per day The grids' weak spots susceptible to cyber criminals grew last year It's hard to keep pace with all those vulnerabilities


Question: cyber criminals

4. Surface area increases.

Kearney 24 – U.S. Energy Reporter at Reuters. M.A. in Journalism, business and economic concentration, Columbia University.

U.S. grids are increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks with the number of susceptible points increasing by 60 per day The grids' weak spots susceptible to cyber criminals grew last year It's hard to keep pace with all those vulnerabilities


Question: grid vulnerable points increasing

4. Surface area increases.

Kearney 24 – U.S. Energy Reporter at Reuters. M.A. in Journalism, business and economic concentration, Columbia University.

U.S. grids are increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks with the number of susceptible points increasing by 60 per day The grids' weak spots susceptible to cyber criminals grew last year It's hard to keep pace with all those vulnerabilities


Question: carbon pricing incentivizes green tech

1. INNOVATION. Carbon pricing incentivizes green technology across the board.

Lim '23 [Sijeong, Aseem Prakash; July 24; Professor, International Studies, Korea University; Professor, Political Science, University of Washington; The Regulatory Review; “The Innovation-Inducing Effects of Carbon Pricing,” https://www.theregreview.org/2023/07/24/lim-prakash-the-innovation-inducing-effects-of-carbon-pricing/]

spending not sustainable pricing provide incentives for research and development in climate tech regulations that do not mandate tech promote innovation firms have incentives to innovate to offset cost increases associated with increase patent applications irrespective of size of governmental spending


Question: Lim '23 carbon pricing innovation

1. INNOVATION. Carbon pricing incentivizes green technology across the board.

Lim '23 [Sijeong, Aseem Prakash; July 24; Professor, International Studies, Korea University; Professor, Political Science, University of Washington; The Regulatory Review; “The Innovation-Inducing Effects of Carbon Pricing,” https://www.theregreview.org/2023/07/24/lim-prakash-the-innovation-inducing-effects-of-carbon-pricing/]

spending not sustainable pricing provide incentives for research and development in climate tech regulations that do not mandate tech promote innovation firms have incentives to innovate to offset cost increases associated with increase patent applications irrespective of size of governmental spending


Question: Sijeong Lim

1. INNOVATION. Carbon pricing incentivizes green technology across the board.

Lim '23 [Sijeong, Aseem Prakash; July 24; Professor, International Studies, Korea University; Professor, Political Science, University of Washington; The Regulatory Review; “The Innovation-Inducing Effects of Carbon Pricing,” https://www.theregreview.org/2023/07/24/lim-prakash-the-innovation-inducing-effects-of-carbon-pricing/]

spending not sustainable pricing provide incentives for research and development in climate tech regulations that do not mandate tech promote innovation firms have incentives to innovate to offset cost increases associated with increase patent applications irrespective of size of governmental spending


Question: carbon pricing drives climate tech R&D

1. INNOVATION. Carbon pricing incentivizes green technology across the board.

Lim '23 [Sijeong, Aseem Prakash; July 24; Professor, International Studies, Korea University; Professor, Political Science, University of Washington; The Regulatory Review; “The Innovation-Inducing Effects of Carbon Pricing,” https://www.theregreview.org/2023/07/24/lim-prakash-the-innovation-inducing-effects-of-carbon-pricing/]

spending not sustainable pricing provide incentives for research and development in climate tech regulations that do not mandate tech promote innovation firms have incentives to innovate to offset cost increases associated with increase patent applications irrespective of size of governmental spending


Question: innovation from carbon pricing

1. INNOVATION. Carbon pricing incentivizes green technology across the board.

Lim '23 [Sijeong, Aseem Prakash; July 24; Professor, International Studies, Korea University; Professor, Political Science, University of Washington; The Regulatory Review; “The Innovation-Inducing Effects of Carbon Pricing,” https://www.theregreview.org/2023/07/24/lim-prakash-the-innovation-inducing-effects-of-carbon-pricing/]

spending not sustainable pricing provide incentives for research and development in climate tech regulations that do not mandate tech promote innovation firms have incentives to innovate to offset cost increases associated with increase patent applications irrespective of size of governmental spending


Question: carbon pricing increases patent applications

1. INNOVATION. Carbon pricing incentivizes green technology across the board.

Lim '23 [Sijeong, Aseem Prakash; July 24; Professor, International Studies, Korea University; Professor, Political Science, University of Washington; The Regulatory Review; “The Innovation-Inducing Effects of Carbon Pricing,” https://www.theregreview.org/2023/07/24/lim-prakash-the-innovation-inducing-effects-of-carbon-pricing/]

spending not sustainable pricing provide incentives for research and development in climate tech regulations that do not mandate tech promote innovation firms have incentives to innovate to offset cost increases associated with increase patent applications irrespective of size of governmental spending


Question: pricing provides incentives for research

1. INNOVATION. Carbon pricing incentivizes green technology across the board.

Lim '23 [Sijeong, Aseem Prakash; July 24; Professor, International Studies, Korea University; Professor, Political Science, University of Washington; The Regulatory Review; “The Innovation-Inducing Effects of Carbon Pricing,” https://www.theregreview.org/2023/07/24/lim-prakash-the-innovation-inducing-effects-of-carbon-pricing/]

spending not sustainable pricing provide incentives for research and development in climate tech regulations that do not mandate tech promote innovation firms have incentives to innovate to offset cost increases associated with increase patent applications irrespective of size of governmental spending


Question: carbon pricing offsets cost increases

1. INNOVATION. Carbon pricing incentivizes green technology across the board.

Lim '23 [Sijeong, Aseem Prakash; July 24; Professor, International Studies, Korea University; Professor, Political Science, University of Washington; The Regulatory Review; “The Innovation-Inducing Effects of Carbon Pricing,” https://www.theregreview.org/2023/07/24/lim-prakash-the-innovation-inducing-effects-of-carbon-pricing/]

spending not sustainable pricing provide incentives for research and development in climate tech regulations that do not mandate tech promote innovation firms have incentives to innovate to offset cost increases associated with increase patent applications irrespective of size of governmental spending


Question: china threat is accurate

‘China threat’ is accurate and not racist.

Bradley ’21 [Joff P. N.; 2021; Professor at Teikyo University, Department of Philosophy; Educational Philosophy and Theory, The China-threat discourse, trade, and the future of Asia, A Symposium, “On the re-Orientation of geo-politics,” DOI: 10.1080/00131857.2021.1897573]

C T D caveats threats to Asia with China’s clout take place in complex history China has much to do to rebalance relations with Japan , Taiwan Koreas narrative in terms of China and America fail to note web of Asia no country  is free of criticism fraught legacies between Japan, China, Taiwan Koreas at loggerheads nothing  about this delicate we ought to look for brighter future but China may destabilise


Question: Bradley 21

‘China threat’ is accurate and not racist.

Bradley ’21 [Joff P. N.; 2021; Professor at Teikyo University, Department of Philosophy; Educational Philosophy and Theory, The China-threat discourse, trade, and the future of Asia, A Symposium, “On the re-Orientation of geo-politics,” DOI: 10.1080/00131857.2021.1897573]

C T D caveats threats to Asia with China’s clout take place in complex history China has much to do to rebalance relations with Japan , Taiwan Koreas narrative in terms of China and America fail to note web of Asia no country  is free of criticism fraught legacies between Japan, China, Taiwan Koreas at loggerheads nothing  about this delicate we ought to look for brighter future but China may destabilise


Question: China destabilizes Asia

‘China threat’ is accurate and not racist.

Bradley ’21 [Joff P. N.; 2021; Professor at Teikyo University, Department of Philosophy; Educational Philosophy and Theory, The China-threat discourse, trade, and the future of Asia, A Symposium, “On the re-Orientation of geo-politics,” DOI: 10.1080/00131857.2021.1897573]

C T D caveats threats to Asia with China’s clout take place in complex history China has much to do to rebalance relations with Japan , Taiwan Koreas narrative in terms of China and America fail to note web of Asia no country  is free of criticism fraught legacies between Japan, China, Taiwan Koreas at loggerheads nothing  about this delicate we ought to look for brighter future but China may destabilise


Question: China relations with Japan

‘China threat’ is accurate and not racist.

Bradley ’21 [Joff P. N.; 2021; Professor at Teikyo University, Department of Philosophy; Educational Philosophy and Theory, The China-threat discourse, trade, and the future of Asia, A Symposium, “On the re-Orientation of geo-politics,” DOI: 10.1080/00131857.2021.1897573]

C T D caveats threats to Asia with China’s clout take place in complex history China has much to do to rebalance relations with Japan , Taiwan Koreas narrative in terms of China and America fail to note web of Asia no country  is free of criticism fraught legacies between Japan, China, Taiwan Koreas at loggerheads nothing  about this delicate we ought to look for brighter future but China may destabilise


Question: China threat not racist

‘China threat’ is accurate and not racist.

Bradley ’21 [Joff P. N.; 2021; Professor at Teikyo University, Department of Philosophy; Educational Philosophy and Theory, The China-threat discourse, trade, and the future of Asia, A Symposium, “On the re-Orientation of geo-politics,” DOI: 10.1080/00131857.2021.1897573]

C T D caveats threats to Asia with China’s clout take place in complex history China has much to do to rebalance relations with Japan , Taiwan Koreas narrative in terms of China and America fail to note web of Asia no country  is free of criticism fraught legacies between Japan, China, Taiwan Koreas at loggerheads nothing  about this delicate we ought to look for brighter future but China may destabilise


Question: China clout in complex history

‘China threat’ is accurate and not racist.

Bradley ’21 [Joff P. N.; 2021; Professor at Teikyo University, Department of Philosophy; Educational Philosophy and Theory, The China-threat discourse, trade, and the future of Asia, A Symposium, “On the re-Orientation of geo-politics,” DOI: 10.1080/00131857.2021.1897573]

C T D caveats threats to Asia with China’s clout take place in complex history China has much to do to rebalance relations with Japan , Taiwan Koreas narrative in terms of China and America fail to note web of Asia no country  is free of criticism fraught legacies between Japan, China, Taiwan Koreas at loggerheads nothing  about this delicate we ought to look for brighter future but China may destabilise


Question: rebalance relations with Taiwan

‘China threat’ is accurate and not racist.

Bradley ’21 [Joff P. N.; 2021; Professor at Teikyo University, Department of Philosophy; Educational Philosophy and Theory, The China-threat discourse, trade, and the future of Asia, A Symposium, “On the re-Orientation of geo-politics,” DOI: 10.1080/00131857.2021.1897573]

C T D caveats threats to Asia with China’s clout take place in complex history China has much to do to rebalance relations with Japan , Taiwan Koreas narrative in terms of China and America fail to note web of Asia no country  is free of criticism fraught legacies between Japan, China, Taiwan Koreas at loggerheads nothing  about this delicate we ought to look for brighter future but China may destabilise


Question: long term investment certainty

And creates long term investment certainty.

Metcalf 19 [Gilbert E. Metcalf is a professor of economics at Tufts University who specializes in climate economics. He is a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. January 10, 2019. “Paying for Pollution: Why a Carbon Tax is Good for America” Oxford University Press, ISBN: 9780190694197]

invention of new energy tech take significant (R&D) investors like a  quick return  on risky investments But power plants last a long time investors have to live with their bets for years risk of failure for new tech is high regulatory environment might change consumers may not adopt new tech tough time competing with fossil fuel prices carbon tax increases the return on new tech makes it more attractive  for firms companies reinvest 1 percent of revenue  into R&D hard to see how spending from the US government make tech competitive price on emissions incentivizes millions to make informed decisions


Question: Metcalf 19

And creates long term investment certainty.

Metcalf 19 [Gilbert E. Metcalf is a professor of economics at Tufts University who specializes in climate economics. He is a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. January 10, 2019. “Paying for Pollution: Why a Carbon Tax is Good for America” Oxford University Press, ISBN: 9780190694197]

invention of new energy tech take significant (R&D) investors like a  quick return  on risky investments But power plants last a long time investors have to live with their bets for years risk of failure for new tech is high regulatory environment might change consumers may not adopt new tech tough time competing with fossil fuel prices carbon tax increases the return on new tech makes it more attractive  for firms companies reinvest 1 percent of revenue  into R&D hard to see how spending from the US government make tech competitive price on emissions incentivizes millions to make informed decisions


Question: carbon tax R&D

And creates long term investment certainty.

Metcalf 19 [Gilbert E. Metcalf is a professor of economics at Tufts University who specializes in climate economics. He is a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. January 10, 2019. “Paying for Pollution: Why a Carbon Tax is Good for America” Oxford University Press, ISBN: 9780190694197]

invention of new energy tech take significant (R&D) investors like a  quick return  on risky investments But power plants last a long time investors have to live with their bets for years risk of failure for new tech is high regulatory environment might change consumers may not adopt new tech tough time competing with fossil fuel prices carbon tax increases the return on new tech makes it more attractive  for firms companies reinvest 1 percent of revenue  into R&D hard to see how spending from the US government make tech competitive price on emissions incentivizes millions to make informed decisions


Question: carbon tax investment

And creates long term investment certainty.

Metcalf 19 [Gilbert E. Metcalf is a professor of economics at Tufts University who specializes in climate economics. He is a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. January 10, 2019. “Paying for Pollution: Why a Carbon Tax is Good for America” Oxford University Press, ISBN: 9780190694197]

invention of new energy tech take significant (R&D) investors like a  quick return  on risky investments But power plants last a long time investors have to live with their bets for years risk of failure for new tech is high regulatory environment might change consumers may not adopt new tech tough time competing with fossil fuel prices carbon tax increases the return on new tech makes it more attractive  for firms companies reinvest 1 percent of revenue  into R&D hard to see how spending from the US government make tech competitive price on emissions incentivizes millions to make informed decisions


Question: carbon tax return on new tech

And creates long term investment certainty.

Metcalf 19 [Gilbert E. Metcalf is a professor of economics at Tufts University who specializes in climate economics. He is a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. January 10, 2019. “Paying for Pollution: Why a Carbon Tax is Good for America” Oxford University Press, ISBN: 9780190694197]

invention of new energy tech take significant (R&D) investors like a  quick return  on risky investments But power plants last a long time investors have to live with their bets for years risk of failure for new tech is high regulatory environment might change consumers may not adopt new tech tough time competing with fossil fuel prices carbon tax increases the return on new tech makes it more attractive  for firms companies reinvest 1 percent of revenue  into R&D hard to see how spending from the US government make tech competitive price on emissions incentivizes millions to make informed decisions


Question: carbon tax incentivizes investment

And creates long term investment certainty.

Metcalf 19 [Gilbert E. Metcalf is a professor of economics at Tufts University who specializes in climate economics. He is a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. January 10, 2019. “Paying for Pollution: Why a Carbon Tax is Good for America” Oxford University Press, ISBN: 9780190694197]

invention of new energy tech take significant (R&D) investors like a  quick return  on risky investments But power plants last a long time investors have to live with their bets for years risk of failure for new tech is high regulatory environment might change consumers may not adopt new tech tough time competing with fossil fuel prices carbon tax increases the return on new tech makes it more attractive  for firms companies reinvest 1 percent of revenue  into R&D hard to see how spending from the US government make tech competitive price on emissions incentivizes millions to make informed decisions


Question: Trump 2.0 existential warming

Trump 2.0 locks in existential warming.

Millan 24, climate change journalist (Laura, Zahra Hirji, Olivia Rudgard, Jonathan Gilbert, 2-27-2024, “Trump's Green-Bashing and Europe's Right Put Climate Goals at Risk,” Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-02-27/trump-s-green-bashing-europe-s-right-put-climate-goals-at-risk)

Trump minimized effects of climate attacked e v and pledged to repeal Biden’s signature law retreating on ambition following hottest year on record shift is mix of backpedaling and backlash what’s at stake is a livable planet Any slow-walking comes at the risk of additional warming Trump would narrow IRA Trump could stymie the climate fight pull out of Paris unravel x o s pause crackdowns of polluters undo regulations and shut down climate initiatives


Question: Millan 24 climate journalist

Trump 2.0 locks in existential warming.

Millan 24, climate change journalist (Laura, Zahra Hirji, Olivia Rudgard, Jonathan Gilbert, 2-27-2024, “Trump's Green-Bashing and Europe's Right Put Climate Goals at Risk,” Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-02-27/trump-s-green-bashing-europe-s-right-put-climate-goals-at-risk)

Trump minimized effects of climate attacked e v and pledged to repeal Biden’s signature law retreating on ambition following hottest year on record shift is mix of backpedaling and backlash what’s at stake is a livable planet Any slow-walking comes at the risk of additional warming Trump would narrow IRA Trump could stymie the climate fight pull out of Paris unravel x o s pause crackdowns of polluters undo regulations and shut down climate initiatives


Question: Trump climate change

Trump 2.0 locks in existential warming.

Millan 24, climate change journalist (Laura, Zahra Hirji, Olivia Rudgard, Jonathan Gilbert, 2-27-2024, “Trump's Green-Bashing and Europe's Right Put Climate Goals at Risk,” Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-02-27/trump-s-green-bashing-europe-s-right-put-climate-goals-at-risk)

Trump minimized effects of climate attacked e v and pledged to repeal Biden’s signature law retreating on ambition following hottest year on record shift is mix of backpedaling and backlash what’s at stake is a livable planet Any slow-walking comes at the risk of additional warming Trump would narrow IRA Trump could stymie the climate fight pull out of Paris unravel x o s pause crackdowns of polluters undo regulations and shut down climate initiatives


Question: Trump would narrow IRA

Trump 2.0 locks in existential warming.

Millan 24, climate change journalist (Laura, Zahra Hirji, Olivia Rudgard, Jonathan Gilbert, 2-27-2024, “Trump's Green-Bashing and Europe's Right Put Climate Goals at Risk,” Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-02-27/trump-s-green-bashing-europe-s-right-put-climate-goals-at-risk)

Trump minimized effects of climate attacked e v and pledged to repeal Biden’s signature law retreating on ambition following hottest year on record shift is mix of backpedaling and backlash what’s at stake is a livable planet Any slow-walking comes at the risk of additional warming Trump would narrow IRA Trump could stymie the climate fight pull out of Paris unravel x o s pause crackdowns of polluters undo regulations and shut down climate initiatives


Question: Trump pull out of Paris

Trump 2.0 locks in existential warming.

Millan 24, climate change journalist (Laura, Zahra Hirji, Olivia Rudgard, Jonathan Gilbert, 2-27-2024, “Trump's Green-Bashing and Europe's Right Put Climate Goals at Risk,” Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-02-27/trump-s-green-bashing-europe-s-right-put-climate-goals-at-risk)

Trump minimized effects of climate attacked e v and pledged to repeal Biden’s signature law retreating on ambition following hottest year on record shift is mix of backpedaling and backlash what’s at stake is a livable planet Any slow-walking comes at the risk of additional warming Trump would narrow IRA Trump could stymie the climate fight pull out of Paris unravel x o s pause crackdowns of polluters undo regulations and shut down climate initiatives


Question: Trump climate initiatives

Trump 2.0 locks in existential warming.

Millan 24, climate change journalist (Laura, Zahra Hirji, Olivia Rudgard, Jonathan Gilbert, 2-27-2024, “Trump's Green-Bashing and Europe's Right Put Climate Goals at Risk,” Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-02-27/trump-s-green-bashing-europe-s-right-put-climate-goals-at-risk)

Trump minimized effects of climate attacked e v and pledged to repeal Biden’s signature law retreating on ambition following hottest year on record shift is mix of backpedaling and backlash what’s at stake is a livable planet Any slow-walking comes at the risk of additional warming Trump would narrow IRA Trump could stymie the climate fight pull out of Paris unravel x o s pause crackdowns of polluters undo regulations and shut down climate initiatives


Question: Trump green bashing

Trump 2.0 locks in existential warming.

Millan 24, climate change journalist (Laura, Zahra Hirji, Olivia Rudgard, Jonathan Gilbert, 2-27-2024, “Trump's Green-Bashing and Europe's Right Put Climate Goals at Risk,” Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-02-27/trump-s-green-bashing-europe-s-right-put-climate-goals-at-risk)

Trump minimized effects of climate attacked e v and pledged to repeal Biden’s signature law retreating on ambition following hottest year on record shift is mix of backpedaling and backlash what’s at stake is a livable planet Any slow-walking comes at the risk of additional warming Trump would narrow IRA Trump could stymie the climate fight pull out of Paris unravel x o s pause crackdowns of polluters undo regulations and shut down climate initiatives


Question: Trump slow walking warming

Trump 2.0 locks in existential warming.

Millan 24, climate change journalist (Laura, Zahra Hirji, Olivia Rudgard, Jonathan Gilbert, 2-27-2024, “Trump's Green-Bashing and Europe's Right Put Climate Goals at Risk,” Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-02-27/trump-s-green-bashing-europe-s-right-put-climate-goals-at-risk)

Trump minimized effects of climate attacked e v and pledged to repeal Biden’s signature law retreating on ambition following hottest year on record shift is mix of backpedaling and backlash what’s at stake is a livable planet Any slow-walking comes at the risk of additional warming Trump would narrow IRA Trump could stymie the climate fight pull out of Paris unravel x o s pause crackdowns of polluters undo regulations and shut down climate initiatives


Question: $49 per ton carbon tax

Thus, the plan, resolved: The United States federal government should implement a $49 per ton carbon tax rising by 5% per year with a border tax adjustment equivalent to the carbon tax rate in the United States.

PGPF 24 (The Peter G. Peterson Foundation is an American billionaire-funded foundation established in 2008 by Peter G. Peterson, former US Secretary of Commerce in the Nixon Administration and co-founder of the Blackstone Group, an American financial-services company, “The National Debt is Rising Unsustainably, and Other Takeaways from CBO’s Latest Projections”, 3/20/24, https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2024/03/the-national-debt-is-rising-unsustainably-and-other-takeaways-from-cbos-latest-projections.) pelletier

Debt equaled 97 percent of GDP at the end of 2023 CBO projects that ratio will continue to climb Medicare will drive growth in spending and rising costs will cause spending to continue climbing Federal revenues won’t keep pace rising again after 2025 because of expiration of some provisions of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Interest rates projected to rise accumulation of debt will cause borrowing costs to rise The C B O expects the debt to exceed the previous peak by 2027 massive diversion away from productive investment poses a threat to geopolitical stability lower capital investment diminished economic growth deficits impinge critical infrastructure. Lower incomes and slower growth are inevitable outcomes tangible concern that the U.S. will abandon alliances currency collapses tend to occur suddenly