Question: USFG burden of defending action

“USFG should” means the aff has the burden of defending hypothetical government action, AKA fiat.

Ericson 3 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)

in The U S should The verb means to put a policy into action though governmental means The entire debate is about whether something ought to occur What you agree to do when you accept the affirmative side is to offer sufficient and compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action humility , is understanding limits of our knowledge to engage in change-making , important to understand contradictions of our ways of knowing so we can engage without trying to project delusions we can’t create different system people want results straight away This is a replacement of securities that were promised by the other system We end up reproducing old system whether we like or not what we need is experimentation failure becomes fertilizer for something else in terms of learning it generates if you think this is a process from A to B you’re going to be frustrated if you understand there’s no end , and that the process is what you’re looking for joy that comes out then we are in very different footing to tackle crisis thinking about change vis-à-vis those who are next opens a different approach shift focus of our learning from outcomes to process helping journey rather than trying to replace  securities with same securities disguised as something else if we shift our ontological reality this open up possibilities are unimaginable at moment


Question: USFG means to put policy action

“USFG should” means the aff has the burden of defending hypothetical government action, AKA fiat.

Ericson 3 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)

in The U S should The verb means to put a policy into action though governmental means The entire debate is about whether something ought to occur What you agree to do when you accept the affirmative side is to offer sufficient and compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action humility , is understanding limits of our knowledge to engage in change-making , important to understand contradictions of our ways of knowing so we can engage without trying to project delusions we can’t create different system people want results straight away This is a replacement of securities that were promised by the other system We end up reproducing old system whether we like or not what we need is experimentation failure becomes fertilizer for something else in terms of learning it generates if you think this is a process from A to B you’re going to be frustrated if you understand there’s no end , and that the process is what you’re looking for joy that comes out then we are in very different footing to tackle crisis thinking about change vis-à-vis those who are next opens a different approach shift focus of our learning from outcomes to process helping journey rather than trying to replace  securities with same securities disguised as something else if we shift our ontological reality this open up possibilities are unimaginable at moment


Question: Aff burden defend hypothetical government action

“USFG should” means the aff has the burden of defending hypothetical government action, AKA fiat.

Ericson 3 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)

in The U S should The verb means to put a policy into action though governmental means The entire debate is about whether something ought to occur What you agree to do when you accept the affirmative side is to offer sufficient and compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action humility , is understanding limits of our knowledge to engage in change-making , important to understand contradictions of our ways of knowing so we can engage without trying to project delusions we can’t create different system people want results straight away This is a replacement of securities that were promised by the other system We end up reproducing old system whether we like or not what we need is experimentation failure becomes fertilizer for something else in terms of learning it generates if you think this is a process from A to B you’re going to be frustrated if you understand there’s no end , and that the process is what you’re looking for joy that comes out then we are in very different footing to tackle crisis thinking about change vis-à-vis those who are next opens a different approach shift focus of our learning from outcomes to process helping journey rather than trying to replace  securities with same securities disguised as something else if we shift our ontological reality this open up possibilities are unimaginable at moment


Question: US should verb means action

“USFG should” means the aff has the burden of defending hypothetical government action, AKA fiat.

Ericson 3 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)

in The U S should The verb means to put a policy into action though governmental means The entire debate is about whether something ought to occur What you agree to do when you accept the affirmative side is to offer sufficient and compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action humility , is understanding limits of our knowledge to engage in change-making , important to understand contradictions of our ways of knowing so we can engage without trying to project delusions we can’t create different system people want results straight away This is a replacement of securities that were promised by the other system We end up reproducing old system whether we like or not what we need is experimentation failure becomes fertilizer for something else in terms of learning it generates if you think this is a process from A to B you’re going to be frustrated if you understand there’s no end , and that the process is what you’re looking for joy that comes out then we are in very different footing to tackle crisis thinking about change vis-à-vis those who are next opens a different approach shift focus of our learning from outcomes to process helping journey rather than trying to replace  securities with same securities disguised as something else if we shift our ontological reality this open up possibilities are unimaginable at moment


Question: science is real rhetorical

Claims that “Science is real” and techno managerialism are good is not neutral but a rhetorical manuever that masks the relativity of the scientific process proven by a lack of stringent standards in the peer review process. Instead, understand the truth through mediated conditions of experience (that’s your answer for cx).

Claire Colebrook 23. Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of English, Philosophy, and Women’s and Gender Studies at Penn State University. “Science is Real.” Symploke, vol. 31, no. 1-2. 2023

Even though “science is real” would seem indisputable affirmations lies in performative force A L is a refusal of Black life science is real” has rhetorical maneuvers science was a strategy of corporations tobacco and carbon corporations insisted no link between smoking and cancer or emission and climate scientists recognized the importance of rhetoric , science appeared mediated science is real assumed policy followed reality metaphysics could not have a knowable foundation we have forgotten that what we know is in relation individuals defied pandemic restrictions exposing the extent to which science is real supposed non- relational thing fantasized as knowable the capacity to be an expert intensifies neoliberal capture opposition between “the real” and fabrication relies on a fantasy There are only facts no knowledge production a picture of politics divided between manufacture and fact science require knowing what counts as science peer review is a closed community journals loosened standards to disseminate information high impact factor journals became susceptible we can only know the truth through mediated experience does not generate a free- for- all, or relativism take seriously the means through which truth is given


Question: Colebrook 23

Claims that “Science is real” and techno managerialism are good is not neutral but a rhetorical manuever that masks the relativity of the scientific process proven by a lack of stringent standards in the peer review process. Instead, understand the truth through mediated conditions of experience (that’s your answer for cx).

Claire Colebrook 23. Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of English, Philosophy, and Women’s and Gender Studies at Penn State University. “Science is Real.” Symploke, vol. 31, no. 1-2. 2023

Even though “science is real” would seem indisputable affirmations lies in performative force A L is a refusal of Black life science is real” has rhetorical maneuvers science was a strategy of corporations tobacco and carbon corporations insisted no link between smoking and cancer or emission and climate scientists recognized the importance of rhetoric , science appeared mediated science is real assumed policy followed reality metaphysics could not have a knowable foundation we have forgotten that what we know is in relation individuals defied pandemic restrictions exposing the extent to which science is real supposed non- relational thing fantasized as knowable the capacity to be an expert intensifies neoliberal capture opposition between “the real” and fabrication relies on a fantasy There are only facts no knowledge production a picture of politics divided between manufacture and fact science require knowing what counts as science peer review is a closed community journals loosened standards to disseminate information high impact factor journals became susceptible we can only know the truth through mediated experience does not generate a free- for- all, or relativism take seriously the means through which truth is given


Question: peer review standards

Claims that “Science is real” and techno managerialism are good is not neutral but a rhetorical manuever that masks the relativity of the scientific process proven by a lack of stringent standards in the peer review process. Instead, understand the truth through mediated conditions of experience (that’s your answer for cx).

Claire Colebrook 23. Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of English, Philosophy, and Women’s and Gender Studies at Penn State University. “Science is Real.” Symploke, vol. 31, no. 1-2. 2023

Even though “science is real” would seem indisputable affirmations lies in performative force A L is a refusal of Black life science is real” has rhetorical maneuvers science was a strategy of corporations tobacco and carbon corporations insisted no link between smoking and cancer or emission and climate scientists recognized the importance of rhetoric , science appeared mediated science is real assumed policy followed reality metaphysics could not have a knowable foundation we have forgotten that what we know is in relation individuals defied pandemic restrictions exposing the extent to which science is real supposed non- relational thing fantasized as knowable the capacity to be an expert intensifies neoliberal capture opposition between “the real” and fabrication relies on a fantasy There are only facts no knowledge production a picture of politics divided between manufacture and fact science require knowing what counts as science peer review is a closed community journals loosened standards to disseminate information high impact factor journals became susceptible we can only know the truth through mediated experience does not generate a free- for- all, or relativism take seriously the means through which truth is given


Question: science real is not neutral

Claims that “Science is real” and techno managerialism are good is not neutral but a rhetorical manuever that masks the relativity of the scientific process proven by a lack of stringent standards in the peer review process. Instead, understand the truth through mediated conditions of experience (that’s your answer for cx).

Claire Colebrook 23. Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of English, Philosophy, and Women’s and Gender Studies at Penn State University. “Science is Real.” Symploke, vol. 31, no. 1-2. 2023

Even though “science is real” would seem indisputable affirmations lies in performative force A L is a refusal of Black life science is real” has rhetorical maneuvers science was a strategy of corporations tobacco and carbon corporations insisted no link between smoking and cancer or emission and climate scientists recognized the importance of rhetoric , science appeared mediated science is real assumed policy followed reality metaphysics could not have a knowable foundation we have forgotten that what we know is in relation individuals defied pandemic restrictions exposing the extent to which science is real supposed non- relational thing fantasized as knowable the capacity to be an expert intensifies neoliberal capture opposition between “the real” and fabrication relies on a fantasy There are only facts no knowledge production a picture of politics divided between manufacture and fact science require knowing what counts as science peer review is a closed community journals loosened standards to disseminate information high impact factor journals became susceptible we can only know the truth through mediated experience does not generate a free- for- all, or relativism take seriously the means through which truth is given


Question: science mediated experience

Claims that “Science is real” and techno managerialism are good is not neutral but a rhetorical manuever that masks the relativity of the scientific process proven by a lack of stringent standards in the peer review process. Instead, understand the truth through mediated conditions of experience (that’s your answer for cx).

Claire Colebrook 23. Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of English, Philosophy, and Women’s and Gender Studies at Penn State University. “Science is Real.” Symploke, vol. 31, no. 1-2. 2023

Even though “science is real” would seem indisputable affirmations lies in performative force A L is a refusal of Black life science is real” has rhetorical maneuvers science was a strategy of corporations tobacco and carbon corporations insisted no link between smoking and cancer or emission and climate scientists recognized the importance of rhetoric , science appeared mediated science is real assumed policy followed reality metaphysics could not have a knowable foundation we have forgotten that what we know is in relation individuals defied pandemic restrictions exposing the extent to which science is real supposed non- relational thing fantasized as knowable the capacity to be an expert intensifies neoliberal capture opposition between “the real” and fabrication relies on a fantasy There are only facts no knowledge production a picture of politics divided between manufacture and fact science require knowing what counts as science peer review is a closed community journals loosened standards to disseminate information high impact factor journals became susceptible we can only know the truth through mediated experience does not generate a free- for- all, or relativism take seriously the means through which truth is given


Question: truth through mediated conditions

Claims that “Science is real” and techno managerialism are good is not neutral but a rhetorical manuever that masks the relativity of the scientific process proven by a lack of stringent standards in the peer review process. Instead, understand the truth through mediated conditions of experience (that’s your answer for cx).

Claire Colebrook 23. Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of English, Philosophy, and Women’s and Gender Studies at Penn State University. “Science is Real.” Symploke, vol. 31, no. 1-2. 2023

Even though “science is real” would seem indisputable affirmations lies in performative force A L is a refusal of Black life science is real” has rhetorical maneuvers science was a strategy of corporations tobacco and carbon corporations insisted no link between smoking and cancer or emission and climate scientists recognized the importance of rhetoric , science appeared mediated science is real assumed policy followed reality metaphysics could not have a knowable foundation we have forgotten that what we know is in relation individuals defied pandemic restrictions exposing the extent to which science is real supposed non- relational thing fantasized as knowable the capacity to be an expert intensifies neoliberal capture opposition between “the real” and fabrication relies on a fantasy There are only facts no knowledge production a picture of politics divided between manufacture and fact science require knowing what counts as science peer review is a closed community journals loosened standards to disseminate information high impact factor journals became susceptible we can only know the truth through mediated experience does not generate a free- for- all, or relativism take seriously the means through which truth is given


Question: science relativity proven

Claims that “Science is real” and techno managerialism are good is not neutral but a rhetorical manuever that masks the relativity of the scientific process proven by a lack of stringent standards in the peer review process. Instead, understand the truth through mediated conditions of experience (that’s your answer for cx).

Claire Colebrook 23. Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of English, Philosophy, and Women’s and Gender Studies at Penn State University. “Science is Real.” Symploke, vol. 31, no. 1-2. 2023

Even though “science is real” would seem indisputable affirmations lies in performative force A L is a refusal of Black life science is real” has rhetorical maneuvers science was a strategy of corporations tobacco and carbon corporations insisted no link between smoking and cancer or emission and climate scientists recognized the importance of rhetoric , science appeared mediated science is real assumed policy followed reality metaphysics could not have a knowable foundation we have forgotten that what we know is in relation individuals defied pandemic restrictions exposing the extent to which science is real supposed non- relational thing fantasized as knowable the capacity to be an expert intensifies neoliberal capture opposition between “the real” and fabrication relies on a fantasy There are only facts no knowledge production a picture of politics divided between manufacture and fact science require knowing what counts as science peer review is a closed community journals loosened standards to disseminate information high impact factor journals became susceptible we can only know the truth through mediated experience does not generate a free- for- all, or relativism take seriously the means through which truth is given


Question: science is real is rhetorical

Claims that “Science is real” and techno managerialism are good is not neutral but a rhetorical manuever that masks the relativity of the scientific process proven by a lack of stringent standards in the peer review process. Instead, understand the truth through mediated conditions of experience (that’s your answer for cx).

Claire Colebrook 23. Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of English, Philosophy, and Women’s and Gender Studies at Penn State University. “Science is Real.” Symploke, vol. 31, no. 1-2. 2023

Even though “science is real” would seem indisputable affirmations lies in performative force A L is a refusal of Black life science is real” has rhetorical maneuvers science was a strategy of corporations tobacco and carbon corporations insisted no link between smoking and cancer or emission and climate scientists recognized the importance of rhetoric , science appeared mediated science is real assumed policy followed reality metaphysics could not have a knowable foundation we have forgotten that what we know is in relation individuals defied pandemic restrictions exposing the extent to which science is real supposed non- relational thing fantasized as knowable the capacity to be an expert intensifies neoliberal capture opposition between “the real” and fabrication relies on a fantasy There are only facts no knowledge production a picture of politics divided between manufacture and fact science require knowing what counts as science peer review is a closed community journals loosened standards to disseminate information high impact factor journals became susceptible we can only know the truth through mediated experience does not generate a free- for- all, or relativism take seriously the means through which truth is given


Question: US grid cannot be centrally-planned

The U.S. grid is staggeringly complex and cannot be centrally-planned. Publicly owned grids being good in the abstract tells us nothing about how to get from here to there. BUT, mechanisms like the plan are empirically effective for breaking the stranglehold of current utilities.

Walter 23 - Professor of Law at Texas A&M University.

physics demand the grid be perfectly  balanced in supply and demand at the microsecond level This requires private intermediaries that operate switches power providers must be paid price-making based on optimization of staggering complexity details are designed by economists and industry The grid requires long-term planning for capacity despite managerialism participatory reforms helped bring consciousness into day-to-day operation Democratic Innovation inevitably beyond managerialism new entrants to power sector bring new business models climate change and imperative to decarbonize is in tension with keeping flow of power going The fight is taking back  energy democracy  from RTOs CAISO has been at the forefront to democratize grid management incorporating law as petition for rulemaking open to all comers  regardless of status as a market participant


Question: Walter 23 grid

The U.S. grid is staggeringly complex and cannot be centrally-planned. Publicly owned grids being good in the abstract tells us nothing about how to get from here to there. BUT, mechanisms like the plan are empirically effective for breaking the stranglehold of current utilities.

Walter 23 - Professor of Law at Texas A&M University.

physics demand the grid be perfectly  balanced in supply and demand at the microsecond level This requires private intermediaries that operate switches power providers must be paid price-making based on optimization of staggering complexity details are designed by economists and industry The grid requires long-term planning for capacity despite managerialism participatory reforms helped bring consciousness into day-to-day operation Democratic Innovation inevitably beyond managerialism new entrants to power sector bring new business models climate change and imperative to decarbonize is in tension with keeping flow of power going The fight is taking back  energy democracy  from RTOs CAISO has been at the forefront to democratize grid management incorporating law as petition for rulemaking open to all comers  regardless of status as a market participant


Question: US grid complex

The U.S. grid is staggeringly complex and cannot be centrally-planned. Publicly owned grids being good in the abstract tells us nothing about how to get from here to there. BUT, mechanisms like the plan are empirically effective for breaking the stranglehold of current utilities.

Walter 23 - Professor of Law at Texas A&M University.

physics demand the grid be perfectly  balanced in supply and demand at the microsecond level This requires private intermediaries that operate switches power providers must be paid price-making based on optimization of staggering complexity details are designed by economists and industry The grid requires long-term planning for capacity despite managerialism participatory reforms helped bring consciousness into day-to-day operation Democratic Innovation inevitably beyond managerialism new entrants to power sector bring new business models climate change and imperative to decarbonize is in tension with keeping flow of power going The fight is taking back  energy democracy  from RTOs CAISO has been at the forefront to democratize grid management incorporating law as petition for rulemaking open to all comers  regardless of status as a market participant


Question: energy democracy

The U.S. grid is staggeringly complex and cannot be centrally-planned. Publicly owned grids being good in the abstract tells us nothing about how to get from here to there. BUT, mechanisms like the plan are empirically effective for breaking the stranglehold of current utilities.

Walter 23 - Professor of Law at Texas A&M University.

physics demand the grid be perfectly  balanced in supply and demand at the microsecond level This requires private intermediaries that operate switches power providers must be paid price-making based on optimization of staggering complexity details are designed by economists and industry The grid requires long-term planning for capacity despite managerialism participatory reforms helped bring consciousness into day-to-day operation Democratic Innovation inevitably beyond managerialism new entrants to power sector bring new business models climate change and imperative to decarbonize is in tension with keeping flow of power going The fight is taking back  energy democracy  from RTOs CAISO has been at the forefront to democratize grid management incorporating law as petition for rulemaking open to all comers  regardless of status as a market participant


Question: RTOs CAISO

The U.S. grid is staggeringly complex and cannot be centrally-planned. Publicly owned grids being good in the abstract tells us nothing about how to get from here to there. BUT, mechanisms like the plan are empirically effective for breaking the stranglehold of current utilities.

Walter 23 - Professor of Law at Texas A&M University.

physics demand the grid be perfectly  balanced in supply and demand at the microsecond level This requires private intermediaries that operate switches power providers must be paid price-making based on optimization of staggering complexity details are designed by economists and industry The grid requires long-term planning for capacity despite managerialism participatory reforms helped bring consciousness into day-to-day operation Democratic Innovation inevitably beyond managerialism new entrants to power sector bring new business models climate change and imperative to decarbonize is in tension with keeping flow of power going The fight is taking back  energy democracy  from RTOs CAISO has been at the forefront to democratize grid management incorporating law as petition for rulemaking open to all comers  regardless of status as a market participant


Question: grid long-term planning

The U.S. grid is staggeringly complex and cannot be centrally-planned. Publicly owned grids being good in the abstract tells us nothing about how to get from here to there. BUT, mechanisms like the plan are empirically effective for breaking the stranglehold of current utilities.

Walter 23 - Professor of Law at Texas A&M University.

physics demand the grid be perfectly  balanced in supply and demand at the microsecond level This requires private intermediaries that operate switches power providers must be paid price-making based on optimization of staggering complexity details are designed by economists and industry The grid requires long-term planning for capacity despite managerialism participatory reforms helped bring consciousness into day-to-day operation Democratic Innovation inevitably beyond managerialism new entrants to power sector bring new business models climate change and imperative to decarbonize is in tension with keeping flow of power going The fight is taking back  energy democracy  from RTOs CAISO has been at the forefront to democratize grid management incorporating law as petition for rulemaking open to all comers  regardless of status as a market participant


Question: private intermediaries power providers

The U.S. grid is staggeringly complex and cannot be centrally-planned. Publicly owned grids being good in the abstract tells us nothing about how to get from here to there. BUT, mechanisms like the plan are empirically effective for breaking the stranglehold of current utilities.

Walter 23 - Professor of Law at Texas A&M University.

physics demand the grid be perfectly  balanced in supply and demand at the microsecond level This requires private intermediaries that operate switches power providers must be paid price-making based on optimization of staggering complexity details are designed by economists and industry The grid requires long-term planning for capacity despite managerialism participatory reforms helped bring consciousness into day-to-day operation Democratic Innovation inevitably beyond managerialism new entrants to power sector bring new business models climate change and imperative to decarbonize is in tension with keeping flow of power going The fight is taking back  energy democracy  from RTOs CAISO has been at the forefront to democratize grid management incorporating law as petition for rulemaking open to all comers  regardless of status as a market participant


Question: Renewables phasing out fossil fuels

Renewables are phasing out fossil fuels.

McMeekin ’23 [David; March 10; Junior Research Fellow in Physics and a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellow at the University of Oxford; St. Edmund Hall, “The Inevitable Energy Transition,” https://www.seh.ox.ac.uk/blog/the-inevitable-energy-transition]

Ukrain caused major shift in tensions prices soared due to restrictions emphasised need to become self-sufficient resides in transition utility bids at lower price ranges  Enabling cost competitiveness  cost of p v plummeted self-sufficiency major concern


Question: McMeekin 23

Renewables are phasing out fossil fuels.

McMeekin ’23 [David; March 10; Junior Research Fellow in Physics and a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellow at the University of Oxford; St. Edmund Hall, “The Inevitable Energy Transition,” https://www.seh.ox.ac.uk/blog/the-inevitable-energy-transition]

Ukrain caused major shift in tensions prices soared due to restrictions emphasised need to become self-sufficient resides in transition utility bids at lower price ranges  Enabling cost competitiveness  cost of p v plummeted self-sufficiency major concern


Question: David McMeekin energy transition

Renewables are phasing out fossil fuels.

McMeekin ’23 [David; March 10; Junior Research Fellow in Physics and a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellow at the University of Oxford; St. Edmund Hall, “The Inevitable Energy Transition,” https://www.seh.ox.ac.uk/blog/the-inevitable-energy-transition]

Ukrain caused major shift in tensions prices soared due to restrictions emphasised need to become self-sufficient resides in transition utility bids at lower price ranges  Enabling cost competitiveness  cost of p v plummeted self-sufficiency major concern


Question: self sufficiency major concern

Renewables are phasing out fossil fuels.

McMeekin ’23 [David; March 10; Junior Research Fellow in Physics and a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellow at the University of Oxford; St. Edmund Hall, “The Inevitable Energy Transition,” https://www.seh.ox.ac.uk/blog/the-inevitable-energy-transition]

Ukrain caused major shift in tensions prices soared due to restrictions emphasised need to become self-sufficient resides in transition utility bids at lower price ranges  Enabling cost competitiveness  cost of p v plummeted self-sufficiency major concern


Question: transition utility bids lower price

Renewables are phasing out fossil fuels.

McMeekin ’23 [David; March 10; Junior Research Fellow in Physics and a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellow at the University of Oxford; St. Edmund Hall, “The Inevitable Energy Transition,” https://www.seh.ox.ac.uk/blog/the-inevitable-energy-transition]

Ukrain caused major shift in tensions prices soared due to restrictions emphasised need to become self-sufficient resides in transition utility bids at lower price ranges  Enabling cost competitiveness  cost of p v plummeted self-sufficiency major concern


Question: cost competitiveness of renewables

Renewables are phasing out fossil fuels.

McMeekin ’23 [David; March 10; Junior Research Fellow in Physics and a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellow at the University of Oxford; St. Edmund Hall, “The Inevitable Energy Transition,” https://www.seh.ox.ac.uk/blog/the-inevitable-energy-transition]

Ukrain caused major shift in tensions prices soared due to restrictions emphasised need to become self-sufficient resides in transition utility bids at lower price ranges  Enabling cost competitiveness  cost of p v plummeted self-sufficiency major concern


Question: renewables phase out fossil fuels

Renewables are phasing out fossil fuels.

McMeekin ’23 [David; March 10; Junior Research Fellow in Physics and a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellow at the University of Oxford; St. Edmund Hall, “The Inevitable Energy Transition,” https://www.seh.ox.ac.uk/blog/the-inevitable-energy-transition]

Ukrain caused major shift in tensions prices soared due to restrictions emphasised need to become self-sufficient resides in transition utility bids at lower price ranges  Enabling cost competitiveness  cost of p v plummeted self-sufficiency major concern


Question: climate policy uncertainty decline inevitable

Otherwise, climate policy uncertainty makes decline inevitable

Huang ’24 [Bihong and Maria Teresa Punzi; June; Economist at the International Monetary Fund, PhD in applied economics; Senior Research Fellow at the Singapore Green Finance Centre at the Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics, Singapore Management University, PhD in Economics; Journal of Climate Finance, “Macroeconomic impact of environmental policy uncertainty and monetary policy implications,” Vol. 7]

c p u shock acts as negative supply shock  with both inflationary and recessionary impact diminishes social welfare defers investment resulting in job cuts , lower GDP and reduced consumption indices  exhibit  increased fluctuations CPU acts as a negative supply shock uncertainty associated with decline in investment Physical investment decline induces a fall in employment , consumption and out- put cause higher inflation uncertainty lowers welfare , compared to carbon tax reduce cost for the society firm and clear policy reduce uncertainty


Question: Huang 24

Otherwise, climate policy uncertainty makes decline inevitable

Huang ’24 [Bihong and Maria Teresa Punzi; June; Economist at the International Monetary Fund, PhD in applied economics; Senior Research Fellow at the Singapore Green Finance Centre at the Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics, Singapore Management University, PhD in Economics; Journal of Climate Finance, “Macroeconomic impact of environmental policy uncertainty and monetary policy implications,” Vol. 7]

c p u shock acts as negative supply shock  with both inflationary and recessionary impact diminishes social welfare defers investment resulting in job cuts , lower GDP and reduced consumption indices  exhibit  increased fluctuations CPU acts as a negative supply shock uncertainty associated with decline in investment Physical investment decline induces a fall in employment , consumption and out- put cause higher inflation uncertainty lowers welfare , compared to carbon tax reduce cost for the society firm and clear policy reduce uncertainty


Question: Bihong

Otherwise, climate policy uncertainty makes decline inevitable

Huang ’24 [Bihong and Maria Teresa Punzi; June; Economist at the International Monetary Fund, PhD in applied economics; Senior Research Fellow at the Singapore Green Finance Centre at the Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics, Singapore Management University, PhD in Economics; Journal of Climate Finance, “Macroeconomic impact of environmental policy uncertainty and monetary policy implications,” Vol. 7]

c p u shock acts as negative supply shock  with both inflationary and recessionary impact diminishes social welfare defers investment resulting in job cuts , lower GDP and reduced consumption indices  exhibit  increased fluctuations CPU acts as a negative supply shock uncertainty associated with decline in investment Physical investment decline induces a fall in employment , consumption and out- put cause higher inflation uncertainty lowers welfare , compared to carbon tax reduce cost for the society firm and clear policy reduce uncertainty


Question: CPU shock negative supply

Otherwise, climate policy uncertainty makes decline inevitable

Huang ’24 [Bihong and Maria Teresa Punzi; June; Economist at the International Monetary Fund, PhD in applied economics; Senior Research Fellow at the Singapore Green Finance Centre at the Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics, Singapore Management University, PhD in Economics; Journal of Climate Finance, “Macroeconomic impact of environmental policy uncertainty and monetary policy implications,” Vol. 7]

c p u shock acts as negative supply shock  with both inflationary and recessionary impact diminishes social welfare defers investment resulting in job cuts , lower GDP and reduced consumption indices  exhibit  increased fluctuations CPU acts as a negative supply shock uncertainty associated with decline in investment Physical investment decline induces a fall in employment , consumption and out- put cause higher inflation uncertainty lowers welfare , compared to carbon tax reduce cost for the society firm and clear policy reduce uncertainty


Question: Environmental policy uncertainty monetary

Otherwise, climate policy uncertainty makes decline inevitable

Huang ’24 [Bihong and Maria Teresa Punzi; June; Economist at the International Monetary Fund, PhD in applied economics; Senior Research Fellow at the Singapore Green Finance Centre at the Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics, Singapore Management University, PhD in Economics; Journal of Climate Finance, “Macroeconomic impact of environmental policy uncertainty and monetary policy implications,” Vol. 7]

c p u shock acts as negative supply shock  with both inflationary and recessionary impact diminishes social welfare defers investment resulting in job cuts , lower GDP and reduced consumption indices  exhibit  increased fluctuations CPU acts as a negative supply shock uncertainty associated with decline in investment Physical investment decline induces a fall in employment , consumption and out- put cause higher inflation uncertainty lowers welfare , compared to carbon tax reduce cost for the society firm and clear policy reduce uncertainty


Question: climate policy uncertainty

Otherwise, climate policy uncertainty makes decline inevitable

Huang ’24 [Bihong and Maria Teresa Punzi; June; Economist at the International Monetary Fund, PhD in applied economics; Senior Research Fellow at the Singapore Green Finance Centre at the Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics, Singapore Management University, PhD in Economics; Journal of Climate Finance, “Macroeconomic impact of environmental policy uncertainty and monetary policy implications,” Vol. 7]

c p u shock acts as negative supply shock  with both inflationary and recessionary impact diminishes social welfare defers investment resulting in job cuts , lower GDP and reduced consumption indices  exhibit  increased fluctuations CPU acts as a negative supply shock uncertainty associated with decline in investment Physical investment decline induces a fall in employment , consumption and out- put cause higher inflation uncertainty lowers welfare , compared to carbon tax reduce cost for the society firm and clear policy reduce uncertainty


Question: policy uncertainty investment decline

Otherwise, climate policy uncertainty makes decline inevitable

Huang ’24 [Bihong and Maria Teresa Punzi; June; Economist at the International Monetary Fund, PhD in applied economics; Senior Research Fellow at the Singapore Green Finance Centre at the Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics, Singapore Management University, PhD in Economics; Journal of Climate Finance, “Macroeconomic impact of environmental policy uncertainty and monetary policy implications,” Vol. 7]

c p u shock acts as negative supply shock  with both inflationary and recessionary impact diminishes social welfare defers investment resulting in job cuts , lower GDP and reduced consumption indices  exhibit  increased fluctuations CPU acts as a negative supply shock uncertainty associated with decline in investment Physical investment decline induces a fall in employment , consumption and out- put cause higher inflation uncertainty lowers welfare , compared to carbon tax reduce cost for the society firm and clear policy reduce uncertainty


Question: The plan ends it

The plan ends it.

1AC The Black Hive 22, The Black Hive is a collective of more than 200 organizations and individuals representing Black CEJ expertise, ranging from organizers, cultural workers, advocates, and activists, to data scientists, engineers, technologists, and strategists. The Black Hive is at the heart of the Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) climate and environmental justice efforts., The Black Hive, “Energy,” 10/04/2022 (date found using the Internet Wayback Machine), https://theblackhive.org/pillars/energy/, Accessed: 10/16/2024, aks

An end to U.S. imperialism the military is the largest polluter in the world and must withdraw military bases


Question: Black Hive 22

The plan ends it.

1AC The Black Hive 22, The Black Hive is a collective of more than 200 organizations and individuals representing Black CEJ expertise, ranging from organizers, cultural workers, advocates, and activists, to data scientists, engineers, technologists, and strategists. The Black Hive is at the heart of the Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) climate and environmental justice efforts., The Black Hive, “Energy,” 10/04/2022 (date found using the Internet Wayback Machine), https://theblackhive.org/pillars/energy/, Accessed: 10/16/2024, aks

An end to U.S. imperialism the military is the largest polluter in the world and must withdraw military bases


Question: US imperialism

The plan ends it.

1AC The Black Hive 22, The Black Hive is a collective of more than 200 organizations and individuals representing Black CEJ expertise, ranging from organizers, cultural workers, advocates, and activists, to data scientists, engineers, technologists, and strategists. The Black Hive is at the heart of the Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) climate and environmental justice efforts., The Black Hive, “Energy,” 10/04/2022 (date found using the Internet Wayback Machine), https://theblackhive.org/pillars/energy/, Accessed: 10/16/2024, aks

An end to U.S. imperialism the military is the largest polluter in the world and must withdraw military bases


Question: The plan ends US imperialism

The plan ends it.

1AC The Black Hive 22, The Black Hive is a collective of more than 200 organizations and individuals representing Black CEJ expertise, ranging from organizers, cultural workers, advocates, and activists, to data scientists, engineers, technologists, and strategists. The Black Hive is at the heart of the Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) climate and environmental justice efforts., The Black Hive, “Energy,” 10/04/2022 (date found using the Internet Wayback Machine), https://theblackhive.org/pillars/energy/, Accessed: 10/16/2024, aks

An end to U.S. imperialism the military is the largest polluter in the world and must withdraw military bases


Question: military is largest polluter

The plan ends it.

1AC The Black Hive 22, The Black Hive is a collective of more than 200 organizations and individuals representing Black CEJ expertise, ranging from organizers, cultural workers, advocates, and activists, to data scientists, engineers, technologists, and strategists. The Black Hive is at the heart of the Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) climate and environmental justice efforts., The Black Hive, “Energy,” 10/04/2022 (date found using the Internet Wayback Machine), https://theblackhive.org/pillars/energy/, Accessed: 10/16/2024, aks

An end to U.S. imperialism the military is the largest polluter in the world and must withdraw military bases


Question: military withdraw

The plan ends it.

1AC The Black Hive 22, The Black Hive is a collective of more than 200 organizations and individuals representing Black CEJ expertise, ranging from organizers, cultural workers, advocates, and activists, to data scientists, engineers, technologists, and strategists. The Black Hive is at the heart of the Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) climate and environmental justice efforts., The Black Hive, “Energy,” 10/04/2022 (date found using the Internet Wayback Machine), https://theblackhive.org/pillars/energy/, Accessed: 10/16/2024, aks

An end to U.S. imperialism the military is the largest polluter in the world and must withdraw military bases


Question: Movement for Black Lives climate

The plan ends it.

1AC The Black Hive 22, The Black Hive is a collective of more than 200 organizations and individuals representing Black CEJ expertise, ranging from organizers, cultural workers, advocates, and activists, to data scientists, engineers, technologists, and strategists. The Black Hive is at the heart of the Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) climate and environmental justice efforts., The Black Hive, “Energy,” 10/04/2022 (date found using the Internet Wayback Machine), https://theblackhive.org/pillars/energy/, Accessed: 10/16/2024, aks

An end to U.S. imperialism the military is the largest polluter in the world and must withdraw military bases


Question: climate policy rejects eco-fascism

Rejecting climate policy cedes the political to eco-fascists, who will use the climate crisis to normalize their own violent ‘solutions.’

Knights 20 [Sam Knights is a writer, actor, and climate activist. He is the coeditor of This Is Not a Drill: An Extinction Rebellion Handbook. 11-16-20, The Climate Movement Must Be Ready To Challenge Rising Right-Wing Environmentalism, Jacobin, https://jacobin.com/2020/11/climate-change-right-wing-environmentalism-alt-right-eco-fascism, JKS]

Right offer “pragmatic” and “realistic” solutions to climate based on fantasy going to demonize refugees and tell us left-wing want developed countries to give up everything One of the dreadful solutions will be “population control inevitably spill into the public sphere lifeboat ethics”: Right successfully depoliticize climate crisis can lead to devastating consequences. violent philosophy of far-right environmentalism is being normalized


Question: Knights 2020

Rejecting climate policy cedes the political to eco-fascists, who will use the climate crisis to normalize their own violent ‘solutions.’

Knights 20 [Sam Knights is a writer, actor, and climate activist. He is the coeditor of This Is Not a Drill: An Extinction Rebellion Handbook. 11-16-20, The Climate Movement Must Be Ready To Challenge Rising Right-Wing Environmentalism, Jacobin, https://jacobin.com/2020/11/climate-change-right-wing-environmentalism-alt-right-eco-fascism, JKS]

Right offer “pragmatic” and “realistic” solutions to climate based on fantasy going to demonize refugees and tell us left-wing want developed countries to give up everything One of the dreadful solutions will be “population control inevitably spill into the public sphere lifeboat ethics”: Right successfully depoliticize climate crisis can lead to devastating consequences. violent philosophy of far-right environmentalism is being normalized


Question: Sam Knights Jacobin

Rejecting climate policy cedes the political to eco-fascists, who will use the climate crisis to normalize their own violent ‘solutions.’

Knights 20 [Sam Knights is a writer, actor, and climate activist. He is the coeditor of This Is Not a Drill: An Extinction Rebellion Handbook. 11-16-20, The Climate Movement Must Be Ready To Challenge Rising Right-Wing Environmentalism, Jacobin, https://jacobin.com/2020/11/climate-change-right-wing-environmentalism-alt-right-eco-fascism, JKS]

Right offer “pragmatic” and “realistic” solutions to climate based on fantasy going to demonize refugees and tell us left-wing want developed countries to give up everything One of the dreadful solutions will be “population control inevitably spill into the public sphere lifeboat ethics”: Right successfully depoliticize climate crisis can lead to devastating consequences. violent philosophy of far-right environmentalism is being normalized


Question: eco-fascists violent solutions

Rejecting climate policy cedes the political to eco-fascists, who will use the climate crisis to normalize their own violent ‘solutions.’

Knights 20 [Sam Knights is a writer, actor, and climate activist. He is the coeditor of This Is Not a Drill: An Extinction Rebellion Handbook. 11-16-20, The Climate Movement Must Be Ready To Challenge Rising Right-Wing Environmentalism, Jacobin, https://jacobin.com/2020/11/climate-change-right-wing-environmentalism-alt-right-eco-fascism, JKS]

Right offer “pragmatic” and “realistic” solutions to climate based on fantasy going to demonize refugees and tell us left-wing want developed countries to give up everything One of the dreadful solutions will be “population control inevitably spill into the public sphere lifeboat ethics”: Right successfully depoliticize climate crisis can lead to devastating consequences. violent philosophy of far-right environmentalism is being normalized


Question: climate crisis normalizes violence

Rejecting climate policy cedes the political to eco-fascists, who will use the climate crisis to normalize their own violent ‘solutions.’

Knights 20 [Sam Knights is a writer, actor, and climate activist. He is the coeditor of This Is Not a Drill: An Extinction Rebellion Handbook. 11-16-20, The Climate Movement Must Be Ready To Challenge Rising Right-Wing Environmentalism, Jacobin, https://jacobin.com/2020/11/climate-change-right-wing-environmentalism-alt-right-eco-fascism, JKS]

Right offer “pragmatic” and “realistic” solutions to climate based on fantasy going to demonize refugees and tell us left-wing want developed countries to give up everything One of the dreadful solutions will be “population control inevitably spill into the public sphere lifeboat ethics”: Right successfully depoliticize climate crisis can lead to devastating consequences. violent philosophy of far-right environmentalism is being normalized


Question: right wing environmentalism

Rejecting climate policy cedes the political to eco-fascists, who will use the climate crisis to normalize their own violent ‘solutions.’

Knights 20 [Sam Knights is a writer, actor, and climate activist. He is the coeditor of This Is Not a Drill: An Extinction Rebellion Handbook. 11-16-20, The Climate Movement Must Be Ready To Challenge Rising Right-Wing Environmentalism, Jacobin, https://jacobin.com/2020/11/climate-change-right-wing-environmentalism-alt-right-eco-fascism, JKS]

Right offer “pragmatic” and “realistic” solutions to climate based on fantasy going to demonize refugees and tell us left-wing want developed countries to give up everything One of the dreadful solutions will be “population control inevitably spill into the public sphere lifeboat ethics”: Right successfully depoliticize climate crisis can lead to devastating consequences. violent philosophy of far-right environmentalism is being normalized


Question: population control inevitable spill

Rejecting climate policy cedes the political to eco-fascists, who will use the climate crisis to normalize their own violent ‘solutions.’

Knights 20 [Sam Knights is a writer, actor, and climate activist. He is the coeditor of This Is Not a Drill: An Extinction Rebellion Handbook. 11-16-20, The Climate Movement Must Be Ready To Challenge Rising Right-Wing Environmentalism, Jacobin, https://jacobin.com/2020/11/climate-change-right-wing-environmentalism-alt-right-eco-fascism, JKS]

Right offer “pragmatic” and “realistic” solutions to climate based on fantasy going to demonize refugees and tell us left-wing want developed countries to give up everything One of the dreadful solutions will be “population control inevitably spill into the public sphere lifeboat ethics”: Right successfully depoliticize climate crisis can lead to devastating consequences. violent philosophy of far-right environmentalism is being normalized


Question: IPCC political not scientific assessments

their justification for the science is IPCC and their $25 tax is based on meeting paris commitments---those are political not scientific assessments.

Raquel Machaqueiro 17. Dept of Anthropology @ George Washington University, 2017, “The semiotics of carbon: Atmospheric space, fungibility, and the production of scarcity”, Economic Anthropology, 4: 82-93

idea of space already there agreed in Kyoto (or Paris) are political decisions even if carbon measurements are science carbon as an exchange unit is a semiotic process It symbolizes emptiness IPCC estimates are “ black-boxed admitted to be gross oversimplifications people reinforces semiotic process by reasserting fungibility and atmospheric emptiness


Question: Machaqueiro 17

their justification for the science is IPCC and their $25 tax is based on meeting paris commitments---those are political not scientific assessments.

Raquel Machaqueiro 17. Dept of Anthropology @ George Washington University, 2017, “The semiotics of carbon: Atmospheric space, fungibility, and the production of scarcity”, Economic Anthropology, 4: 82-93

idea of space already there agreed in Kyoto (or Paris) are political decisions even if carbon measurements are science carbon as an exchange unit is a semiotic process It symbolizes emptiness IPCC estimates are “ black-boxed admitted to be gross oversimplifications people reinforces semiotic process by reasserting fungibility and atmospheric emptiness


Question: Raquel Machaqueiro

their justification for the science is IPCC and their $25 tax is based on meeting paris commitments---those are political not scientific assessments.

Raquel Machaqueiro 17. Dept of Anthropology @ George Washington University, 2017, “The semiotics of carbon: Atmospheric space, fungibility, and the production of scarcity”, Economic Anthropology, 4: 82-93

idea of space already there agreed in Kyoto (or Paris) are political decisions even if carbon measurements are science carbon as an exchange unit is a semiotic process It symbolizes emptiness IPCC estimates are “ black-boxed admitted to be gross oversimplifications people reinforces semiotic process by reasserting fungibility and atmospheric emptiness


Question: Paris commitments political

their justification for the science is IPCC and their $25 tax is based on meeting paris commitments---those are political not scientific assessments.

Raquel Machaqueiro 17. Dept of Anthropology @ George Washington University, 2017, “The semiotics of carbon: Atmospheric space, fungibility, and the production of scarcity”, Economic Anthropology, 4: 82-93

idea of space already there agreed in Kyoto (or Paris) are political decisions even if carbon measurements are science carbon as an exchange unit is a semiotic process It symbolizes emptiness IPCC estimates are “ black-boxed admitted to be gross oversimplifications people reinforces semiotic process by reasserting fungibility and atmospheric emptiness


Question: carbon measurements are science

their justification for the science is IPCC and their $25 tax is based on meeting paris commitments---those are political not scientific assessments.

Raquel Machaqueiro 17. Dept of Anthropology @ George Washington University, 2017, “The semiotics of carbon: Atmospheric space, fungibility, and the production of scarcity”, Economic Anthropology, 4: 82-93

idea of space already there agreed in Kyoto (or Paris) are political decisions even if carbon measurements are science carbon as an exchange unit is a semiotic process It symbolizes emptiness IPCC estimates are “ black-boxed admitted to be gross oversimplifications people reinforces semiotic process by reasserting fungibility and atmospheric emptiness


Question: IPCC oversimplifications

their justification for the science is IPCC and their $25 tax is based on meeting paris commitments---those are political not scientific assessments.

Raquel Machaqueiro 17. Dept of Anthropology @ George Washington University, 2017, “The semiotics of carbon: Atmospheric space, fungibility, and the production of scarcity”, Economic Anthropology, 4: 82-93

idea of space already there agreed in Kyoto (or Paris) are political decisions even if carbon measurements are science carbon as an exchange unit is a semiotic process It symbolizes emptiness IPCC estimates are “ black-boxed admitted to be gross oversimplifications people reinforces semiotic process by reasserting fungibility and atmospheric emptiness


Question: semiotics of carbon

their justification for the science is IPCC and their $25 tax is based on meeting paris commitments---those are political not scientific assessments.

Raquel Machaqueiro 17. Dept of Anthropology @ George Washington University, 2017, “The semiotics of carbon: Atmospheric space, fungibility, and the production of scarcity”, Economic Anthropology, 4: 82-93

idea of space already there agreed in Kyoto (or Paris) are political decisions even if carbon measurements are science carbon as an exchange unit is a semiotic process It symbolizes emptiness IPCC estimates are “ black-boxed admitted to be gross oversimplifications people reinforces semiotic process by reasserting fungibility and atmospheric emptiness


Question: No leadership impact

No leadership impact.

Fettweis 20 – Christopher J, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University. “Delusions of Danger: Geopolitical Fear and Indispensability in U.S. Foreign Policy", CATO Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/delusions-danger-geopolitical-fear-indispensability-us-foreign-policy, 06-03-2020

the world remained equally peaceful while the U S cut forces throughout the 90s as well as doubled spending in the first decade spending have been unrelated to stability The U S can be counted on after Iraq, to steer clear of most wars Africa is peaceful something for which heg cannot take credit Stability exists in many places to which heg does not extend . The egocentric bias suggests U.S. policymakers overestimat their own importance Americans have been exceptional in their exceptionalism


Question: Fettweis 2020

No leadership impact.

Fettweis 20 – Christopher J, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University. “Delusions of Danger: Geopolitical Fear and Indispensability in U.S. Foreign Policy", CATO Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/delusions-danger-geopolitical-fear-indispensability-us-foreign-policy, 06-03-2020

the world remained equally peaceful while the U S cut forces throughout the 90s as well as doubled spending in the first decade spending have been unrelated to stability The U S can be counted on after Iraq, to steer clear of most wars Africa is peaceful something for which heg cannot take credit Stability exists in many places to which heg does not extend . The egocentric bias suggests U.S. policymakers overestimat their own importance Americans have been exceptional in their exceptionalism


Question: Christopher Fettweis Tulane

No leadership impact.

Fettweis 20 – Christopher J, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University. “Delusions of Danger: Geopolitical Fear and Indispensability in U.S. Foreign Policy", CATO Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/delusions-danger-geopolitical-fear-indispensability-us-foreign-policy, 06-03-2020

the world remained equally peaceful while the U S cut forces throughout the 90s as well as doubled spending in the first decade spending have been unrelated to stability The U S can be counted on after Iraq, to steer clear of most wars Africa is peaceful something for which heg cannot take credit Stability exists in many places to which heg does not extend . The egocentric bias suggests U.S. policymakers overestimat their own importance Americans have been exceptional in their exceptionalism


Question: US overestimates its own importance

No leadership impact.

Fettweis 20 – Christopher J, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University. “Delusions of Danger: Geopolitical Fear and Indispensability in U.S. Foreign Policy", CATO Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/delusions-danger-geopolitical-fear-indispensability-us-foreign-policy, 06-03-2020

the world remained equally peaceful while the U S cut forces throughout the 90s as well as doubled spending in the first decade spending have been unrelated to stability The U S can be counted on after Iraq, to steer clear of most wars Africa is peaceful something for which heg cannot take credit Stability exists in many places to which heg does not extend . The egocentric bias suggests U.S. policymakers overestimat their own importance Americans have been exceptional in their exceptionalism


Question: US spending unrelated to stability

No leadership impact.

Fettweis 20 – Christopher J, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University. “Delusions of Danger: Geopolitical Fear and Indispensability in U.S. Foreign Policy", CATO Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/delusions-danger-geopolitical-fear-indispensability-us-foreign-policy, 06-03-2020

the world remained equally peaceful while the U S cut forces throughout the 90s as well as doubled spending in the first decade spending have been unrelated to stability The U S can be counted on after Iraq, to steer clear of most wars Africa is peaceful something for which heg cannot take credit Stability exists in many places to which heg does not extend . The egocentric bias suggests U.S. policymakers overestimat their own importance Americans have been exceptional in their exceptionalism


Question: US foreign policy

No leadership impact.

Fettweis 20 – Christopher J, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University. “Delusions of Danger: Geopolitical Fear and Indispensability in U.S. Foreign Policy", CATO Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/delusions-danger-geopolitical-fear-indispensability-us-foreign-policy, 06-03-2020

the world remained equally peaceful while the U S cut forces throughout the 90s as well as doubled spending in the first decade spending have been unrelated to stability The U S can be counted on after Iraq, to steer clear of most wars Africa is peaceful something for which heg cannot take credit Stability exists in many places to which heg does not extend . The egocentric bias suggests U.S. policymakers overestimat their own importance Americans have been exceptional in their exceptionalism


Question: hegemony doesn't create stability

No leadership impact.

Fettweis 20 – Christopher J, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University. “Delusions of Danger: Geopolitical Fear and Indispensability in U.S. Foreign Policy", CATO Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/delusions-danger-geopolitical-fear-indispensability-us-foreign-policy, 06-03-2020

the world remained equally peaceful while the U S cut forces throughout the 90s as well as doubled spending in the first decade spending have been unrelated to stability The U S can be counted on after Iraq, to steer clear of most wars Africa is peaceful something for which heg cannot take credit Stability exists in many places to which heg does not extend . The egocentric bias suggests U.S. policymakers overestimat their own importance Americans have been exceptional in their exceptionalism


Question: US not indispensable

No leadership impact.

Fettweis 20 – Christopher J, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University. “Delusions of Danger: Geopolitical Fear and Indispensability in U.S. Foreign Policy", CATO Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/delusions-danger-geopolitical-fear-indispensability-us-foreign-policy, 06-03-2020

the world remained equally peaceful while the U S cut forces throughout the 90s as well as doubled spending in the first decade spending have been unrelated to stability The U S can be counted on after Iraq, to steer clear of most wars Africa is peaceful something for which heg cannot take credit Stability exists in many places to which heg does not extend . The egocentric bias suggests U.S. policymakers overestimat their own importance Americans have been exceptional in their exceptionalism


Question: Carbon pricing incentivizes biomass

Carbon pricing incentivizes biomass---worsens emissions and lowers global carbon stocks

SELC 22. Southern Environmental Law Center, Mar 28 2022. Southern Environmental Law Center “New study confirms harmful impacts of biomass industry” https://www.southernenvironment.org/news/new-study-confirms-harmful-impacts-of-biomass/ Accessed8.11.2024///mosuQ

biomass falsely tout clean energy, but emit more carbon than coal, causes damage to forests Cutting forests at scale degrade water quality destroy wildlife habitats logging releases heat-trapping gas worsening the climate crisis reduc carbon stocks in forests  bad for climate from start to finish government incentives  wrongly categorized biomass as ‘clean energy’ biomass industry not viable if it weren’t for incentives. It is crucial that U.S. not create incentives for this dangerous industry.


Question: SELC 22

Carbon pricing incentivizes biomass---worsens emissions and lowers global carbon stocks

SELC 22. Southern Environmental Law Center, Mar 28 2022. Southern Environmental Law Center “New study confirms harmful impacts of biomass industry” https://www.southernenvironment.org/news/new-study-confirms-harmful-impacts-of-biomass/ Accessed8.11.2024///mosuQ

biomass falsely tout clean energy, but emit more carbon than coal, causes damage to forests Cutting forests at scale degrade water quality destroy wildlife habitats logging releases heat-trapping gas worsening the climate crisis reduc carbon stocks in forests  bad for climate from start to finish government incentives  wrongly categorized biomass as ‘clean energy’ biomass industry not viable if it weren’t for incentives. It is crucial that U.S. not create incentives for this dangerous industry.


Question: biomass emissions

Carbon pricing incentivizes biomass---worsens emissions and lowers global carbon stocks

SELC 22. Southern Environmental Law Center, Mar 28 2022. Southern Environmental Law Center “New study confirms harmful impacts of biomass industry” https://www.southernenvironment.org/news/new-study-confirms-harmful-impacts-of-biomass/ Accessed8.11.2024///mosuQ

biomass falsely tout clean energy, but emit more carbon than coal, causes damage to forests Cutting forests at scale degrade water quality destroy wildlife habitats logging releases heat-trapping gas worsening the climate crisis reduc carbon stocks in forests  bad for climate from start to finish government incentives  wrongly categorized biomass as ‘clean energy’ biomass industry not viable if it weren’t for incentives. It is crucial that U.S. not create incentives for this dangerous industry.


Question: biomass worse than coal

Carbon pricing incentivizes biomass---worsens emissions and lowers global carbon stocks

SELC 22. Southern Environmental Law Center, Mar 28 2022. Southern Environmental Law Center “New study confirms harmful impacts of biomass industry” https://www.southernenvironment.org/news/new-study-confirms-harmful-impacts-of-biomass/ Accessed8.11.2024///mosuQ

biomass falsely tout clean energy, but emit more carbon than coal, causes damage to forests Cutting forests at scale degrade water quality destroy wildlife habitats logging releases heat-trapping gas worsening the climate crisis reduc carbon stocks in forests  bad for climate from start to finish government incentives  wrongly categorized biomass as ‘clean energy’ biomass industry not viable if it weren’t for incentives. It is crucial that U.S. not create incentives for this dangerous industry.


Question: carbon stocks in forests

Carbon pricing incentivizes biomass---worsens emissions and lowers global carbon stocks

SELC 22. Southern Environmental Law Center, Mar 28 2022. Southern Environmental Law Center “New study confirms harmful impacts of biomass industry” https://www.southernenvironment.org/news/new-study-confirms-harmful-impacts-of-biomass/ Accessed8.11.2024///mosuQ

biomass falsely tout clean energy, but emit more carbon than coal, causes damage to forests Cutting forests at scale degrade water quality destroy wildlife habitats logging releases heat-trapping gas worsening the climate crisis reduc carbon stocks in forests  bad for climate from start to finish government incentives  wrongly categorized biomass as ‘clean energy’ biomass industry not viable if it weren’t for incentives. It is crucial that U.S. not create incentives for this dangerous industry.


Question: biomass not clean energy

Carbon pricing incentivizes biomass---worsens emissions and lowers global carbon stocks

SELC 22. Southern Environmental Law Center, Mar 28 2022. Southern Environmental Law Center “New study confirms harmful impacts of biomass industry” https://www.southernenvironment.org/news/new-study-confirms-harmful-impacts-of-biomass/ Accessed8.11.2024///mosuQ

biomass falsely tout clean energy, but emit more carbon than coal, causes damage to forests Cutting forests at scale degrade water quality destroy wildlife habitats logging releases heat-trapping gas worsening the climate crisis reduc carbon stocks in forests  bad for climate from start to finish government incentives  wrongly categorized biomass as ‘clean energy’ biomass industry not viable if it weren’t for incentives. It is crucial that U.S. not create incentives for this dangerous industry.


Question: biomass industry incentives

Carbon pricing incentivizes biomass---worsens emissions and lowers global carbon stocks

SELC 22. Southern Environmental Law Center, Mar 28 2022. Southern Environmental Law Center “New study confirms harmful impacts of biomass industry” https://www.southernenvironment.org/news/new-study-confirms-harmful-impacts-of-biomass/ Accessed8.11.2024///mosuQ

biomass falsely tout clean energy, but emit more carbon than coal, causes damage to forests Cutting forests at scale degrade water quality destroy wildlife habitats logging releases heat-trapping gas worsening the climate crisis reduc carbon stocks in forests  bad for climate from start to finish government incentives  wrongly categorized biomass as ‘clean energy’ biomass industry not viable if it weren’t for incentives. It is crucial that U.S. not create incentives for this dangerous industry.


Question: harmful impacts of biomass industry

Carbon pricing incentivizes biomass---worsens emissions and lowers global carbon stocks

SELC 22. Southern Environmental Law Center, Mar 28 2022. Southern Environmental Law Center “New study confirms harmful impacts of biomass industry” https://www.southernenvironment.org/news/new-study-confirms-harmful-impacts-of-biomass/ Accessed8.11.2024///mosuQ

biomass falsely tout clean energy, but emit more carbon than coal, causes damage to forests Cutting forests at scale degrade water quality destroy wildlife habitats logging releases heat-trapping gas worsening the climate crisis reduc carbon stocks in forests  bad for climate from start to finish government incentives  wrongly categorized biomass as ‘clean energy’ biomass industry not viable if it weren’t for incentives. It is crucial that U.S. not create incentives for this dangerous industry.


Question: No circumvention

No circumvention.

Steven Chun 21. Engineer at Tapestry, a company working on integrating renewable electricity into the grid, B.A., Computer Science and Economics at Dartmouth University, January 21, 2021, “Carbon Pricing and its Progressive Discontents,” https://blog.stevenchun.me/2021/01/Carbon-Pricing-and-its-Progressive-Discontents/)

price matters If don’t set it high because lobbyists had their way, you don’t see emissions reductions studies show even lower prices, have large effects . every year the price goes up, and even if you started low, you eased into a price exceeding a hundred


Question: Steven Chun 21

No circumvention.

Steven Chun 21. Engineer at Tapestry, a company working on integrating renewable electricity into the grid, B.A., Computer Science and Economics at Dartmouth University, January 21, 2021, “Carbon Pricing and its Progressive Discontents,” https://blog.stevenchun.me/2021/01/Carbon-Pricing-and-its-Progressive-Discontents/)

price matters If don’t set it high because lobbyists had their way, you don’t see emissions reductions studies show even lower prices, have large effects . every year the price goes up, and even if you started low, you eased into a price exceeding a hundred


Question: Carbon pricing emissions reductions

No circumvention.

Steven Chun 21. Engineer at Tapestry, a company working on integrating renewable electricity into the grid, B.A., Computer Science and Economics at Dartmouth University, January 21, 2021, “Carbon Pricing and its Progressive Discontents,” https://blog.stevenchun.me/2021/01/Carbon-Pricing-and-its-Progressive-Discontents/)

price matters If don’t set it high because lobbyists had their way, you don’t see emissions reductions studies show even lower prices, have large effects . every year the price goes up, and even if you started low, you eased into a price exceeding a hundred


Question: lobbyists lower carbon price

No circumvention.

Steven Chun 21. Engineer at Tapestry, a company working on integrating renewable electricity into the grid, B.A., Computer Science and Economics at Dartmouth University, January 21, 2021, “Carbon Pricing and its Progressive Discontents,” https://blog.stevenchun.me/2021/01/Carbon-Pricing-and-its-Progressive-Discontents/)

price matters If don’t set it high because lobbyists had their way, you don’t see emissions reductions studies show even lower prices, have large effects . every year the price goes up, and even if you started low, you eased into a price exceeding a hundred


Question: price matters for emissions

No circumvention.

Steven Chun 21. Engineer at Tapestry, a company working on integrating renewable electricity into the grid, B.A., Computer Science and Economics at Dartmouth University, January 21, 2021, “Carbon Pricing and its Progressive Discontents,” https://blog.stevenchun.me/2021/01/Carbon-Pricing-and-its-Progressive-Discontents/)

price matters If don’t set it high because lobbyists had their way, you don’t see emissions reductions studies show even lower prices, have large effects . every year the price goes up, and even if you started low, you eased into a price exceeding a hundred


Question: forces collective buy in which solves

That forces collective buy in, which solves.

Chamberlin, Maxey & Hurth 14 [Shaun is a Consulting Scholar at Sterling College, Larch is a geography Lecturer at Swansea University · and project manager at Network of Wellbeing , Victoria is an Associate Professor in Marketing and Business Sustainability at Plymouth University UK, 2014, “Reconciling scientific reality with realpolitik: moving beyond carbon pricing to TEQs – an integrated, economy-wide emissions cap”, Carbon Management, 5:4, 411-427, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2015.1021563]//KW

the TEQs designed to generate sense of common purpose it is in all sectors’ interest to keep price low by collaborating it aligns individual and collective interests the high visibility of the national price of TEQs generating stop and think moments” that disrupt high-carbon habits as such understanding grows people become increasingly supportive of ambitious climate policy bottom up” initiative and ownership is also likely to encourage wider buy-in to, the societal transition


Question: Chamberlin, Maxey & Hurth 14

That forces collective buy in, which solves.

Chamberlin, Maxey & Hurth 14 [Shaun is a Consulting Scholar at Sterling College, Larch is a geography Lecturer at Swansea University · and project manager at Network of Wellbeing , Victoria is an Associate Professor in Marketing and Business Sustainability at Plymouth University UK, 2014, “Reconciling scientific reality with realpolitik: moving beyond carbon pricing to TEQs – an integrated, economy-wide emissions cap”, Carbon Management, 5:4, 411-427, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2015.1021563]//KW

the TEQs designed to generate sense of common purpose it is in all sectors’ interest to keep price low by collaborating it aligns individual and collective interests the high visibility of the national price of TEQs generating stop and think moments” that disrupt high-carbon habits as such understanding grows people become increasingly supportive of ambitious climate policy bottom up” initiative and ownership is also likely to encourage wider buy-in to, the societal transition


Question: TEQs generate sense of common purpose

That forces collective buy in, which solves.

Chamberlin, Maxey & Hurth 14 [Shaun is a Consulting Scholar at Sterling College, Larch is a geography Lecturer at Swansea University · and project manager at Network of Wellbeing , Victoria is an Associate Professor in Marketing and Business Sustainability at Plymouth University UK, 2014, “Reconciling scientific reality with realpolitik: moving beyond carbon pricing to TEQs – an integrated, economy-wide emissions cap”, Carbon Management, 5:4, 411-427, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2015.1021563]//KW

the TEQs designed to generate sense of common purpose it is in all sectors’ interest to keep price low by collaborating it aligns individual and collective interests the high visibility of the national price of TEQs generating stop and think moments” that disrupt high-carbon habits as such understanding grows people become increasingly supportive of ambitious climate policy bottom up” initiative and ownership is also likely to encourage wider buy-in to, the societal transition


Question: aligns individual and collective interests

That forces collective buy in, which solves.

Chamberlin, Maxey & Hurth 14 [Shaun is a Consulting Scholar at Sterling College, Larch is a geography Lecturer at Swansea University · and project manager at Network of Wellbeing , Victoria is an Associate Professor in Marketing and Business Sustainability at Plymouth University UK, 2014, “Reconciling scientific reality with realpolitik: moving beyond carbon pricing to TEQs – an integrated, economy-wide emissions cap”, Carbon Management, 5:4, 411-427, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2015.1021563]//KW

the TEQs designed to generate sense of common purpose it is in all sectors’ interest to keep price low by collaborating it aligns individual and collective interests the high visibility of the national price of TEQs generating stop and think moments” that disrupt high-carbon habits as such understanding grows people become increasingly supportive of ambitious climate policy bottom up” initiative and ownership is also likely to encourage wider buy-in to, the societal transition


Question: integrated economy wide emissions cap

That forces collective buy in, which solves.

Chamberlin, Maxey & Hurth 14 [Shaun is a Consulting Scholar at Sterling College, Larch is a geography Lecturer at Swansea University · and project manager at Network of Wellbeing , Victoria is an Associate Professor in Marketing and Business Sustainability at Plymouth University UK, 2014, “Reconciling scientific reality with realpolitik: moving beyond carbon pricing to TEQs – an integrated, economy-wide emissions cap”, Carbon Management, 5:4, 411-427, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2015.1021563]//KW

the TEQs designed to generate sense of common purpose it is in all sectors’ interest to keep price low by collaborating it aligns individual and collective interests the high visibility of the national price of TEQs generating stop and think moments” that disrupt high-carbon habits as such understanding grows people become increasingly supportive of ambitious climate policy bottom up” initiative and ownership is also likely to encourage wider buy-in to, the societal transition


Question: bottom up initiative and ownership

That forces collective buy in, which solves.

Chamberlin, Maxey & Hurth 14 [Shaun is a Consulting Scholar at Sterling College, Larch is a geography Lecturer at Swansea University · and project manager at Network of Wellbeing , Victoria is an Associate Professor in Marketing and Business Sustainability at Plymouth University UK, 2014, “Reconciling scientific reality with realpolitik: moving beyond carbon pricing to TEQs – an integrated, economy-wide emissions cap”, Carbon Management, 5:4, 411-427, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2015.1021563]//KW

the TEQs designed to generate sense of common purpose it is in all sectors’ interest to keep price low by collaborating it aligns individual and collective interests the high visibility of the national price of TEQs generating stop and think moments” that disrupt high-carbon habits as such understanding grows people become increasingly supportive of ambitious climate policy bottom up” initiative and ownership is also likely to encourage wider buy-in to, the societal transition


Question: climate policy bottom up

That forces collective buy in, which solves.

Chamberlin, Maxey & Hurth 14 [Shaun is a Consulting Scholar at Sterling College, Larch is a geography Lecturer at Swansea University · and project manager at Network of Wellbeing , Victoria is an Associate Professor in Marketing and Business Sustainability at Plymouth University UK, 2014, “Reconciling scientific reality with realpolitik: moving beyond carbon pricing to TEQs – an integrated, economy-wide emissions cap”, Carbon Management, 5:4, 411-427, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2015.1021563]//KW

the TEQs designed to generate sense of common purpose it is in all sectors’ interest to keep price low by collaborating it aligns individual and collective interests the high visibility of the national price of TEQs generating stop and think moments” that disrupt high-carbon habits as such understanding grows people become increasingly supportive of ambitious climate policy bottom up” initiative and ownership is also likely to encourage wider buy-in to, the societal transition


Question: Liability like a tax

D. Liability. They are “like a tax.”

Zasloff 8 – PhD @ Harvard, Professor of Law and Associate Director of the Richard S. Ziman Center for Real Estate, UCLA School of Law (Jonathan, “THE JUDICIAL CARBON TAX: RECONSTRUCTING PUBLIC NUISANCE AND CLIMATE CHANGE,” UCLA Law Review, 55)

damages presents us with a relatively straightforward analogy damages resemble sort of carbon tax damages are a carbon tax


Question: Zasloff 8

D. Liability. They are “like a tax.”

Zasloff 8 – PhD @ Harvard, Professor of Law and Associate Director of the Richard S. Ziman Center for Real Estate, UCLA School of Law (Jonathan, “THE JUDICIAL CARBON TAX: RECONSTRUCTING PUBLIC NUISANCE AND CLIMATE CHANGE,” UCLA Law Review, 55)

damages presents us with a relatively straightforward analogy damages resemble sort of carbon tax damages are a carbon tax


Question: Judicial carbon tax

D. Liability. They are “like a tax.”

Zasloff 8 – PhD @ Harvard, Professor of Law and Associate Director of the Richard S. Ziman Center for Real Estate, UCLA School of Law (Jonathan, “THE JUDICIAL CARBON TAX: RECONSTRUCTING PUBLIC NUISANCE AND CLIMATE CHANGE,” UCLA Law Review, 55)

damages presents us with a relatively straightforward analogy damages resemble sort of carbon tax damages are a carbon tax


Question: damages are like a carbon tax

D. Liability. They are “like a tax.”

Zasloff 8 – PhD @ Harvard, Professor of Law and Associate Director of the Richard S. Ziman Center for Real Estate, UCLA School of Law (Jonathan, “THE JUDICIAL CARBON TAX: RECONSTRUCTING PUBLIC NUISANCE AND CLIMATE CHANGE,” UCLA Law Review, 55)

damages presents us with a relatively straightforward analogy damages resemble sort of carbon tax damages are a carbon tax


Question: carbon tax analogy

D. Liability. They are “like a tax.”

Zasloff 8 – PhD @ Harvard, Professor of Law and Associate Director of the Richard S. Ziman Center for Real Estate, UCLA School of Law (Jonathan, “THE JUDICIAL CARBON TAX: RECONSTRUCTING PUBLIC NUISANCE AND CLIMATE CHANGE,” UCLA Law Review, 55)

damages presents us with a relatively straightforward analogy damages resemble sort of carbon tax damages are a carbon tax


Question: damages resemble a sort of carbon tax

D. Liability. They are “like a tax.”

Zasloff 8 – PhD @ Harvard, Professor of Law and Associate Director of the Richard S. Ziman Center for Real Estate, UCLA School of Law (Jonathan, “THE JUDICIAL CARBON TAX: RECONSTRUCTING PUBLIC NUISANCE AND CLIMATE CHANGE,” UCLA Law Review, 55)

damages presents us with a relatively straightforward analogy damages resemble sort of carbon tax damages are a carbon tax


Question: biodiversity loss causes extinction

Biodiversity loss causes extinction AND nuclear war

TORRES Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies 2016	(Phil, affiliate scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, “Biodiversity Loss and the Doomsday Clock: An Invisible Disaster Almost No One Is Talking About”, Common Dreams, Feb 10, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2016/02/10/biodiversity-loss-and-doomsday-clock-invisible-disaster-almost-no-one-talking-about, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR UMW17]

as ecosystems weaken likelihood of further population losses increases. there could be critical thresholds lurking that, once crossed , could initiate sudden changes in the biosphere preceded by no warning : until the ecosystem is suddenly in ruins if the environment implodes civilization itself is doomed that could inflate probability of wars likelihood of nuclear weapons being used in the future will only increase


Question: Torres 2016

Biodiversity loss causes extinction AND nuclear war

TORRES Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies 2016	(Phil, affiliate scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, “Biodiversity Loss and the Doomsday Clock: An Invisible Disaster Almost No One Is Talking About”, Common Dreams, Feb 10, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2016/02/10/biodiversity-loss-and-doomsday-clock-invisible-disaster-almost-no-one-talking-about, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR UMW17]

as ecosystems weaken likelihood of further population losses increases. there could be critical thresholds lurking that, once crossed , could initiate sudden changes in the biosphere preceded by no warning : until the ecosystem is suddenly in ruins if the environment implodes civilization itself is doomed that could inflate probability of wars likelihood of nuclear weapons being used in the future will only increase


Question: Phil Torres

Biodiversity loss causes extinction AND nuclear war

TORRES Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies 2016	(Phil, affiliate scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, “Biodiversity Loss and the Doomsday Clock: An Invisible Disaster Almost No One Is Talking About”, Common Dreams, Feb 10, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2016/02/10/biodiversity-loss-and-doomsday-clock-invisible-disaster-almost-no-one-talking-about, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR UMW17]

as ecosystems weaken likelihood of further population losses increases. there could be critical thresholds lurking that, once crossed , could initiate sudden changes in the biosphere preceded by no warning : until the ecosystem is suddenly in ruins if the environment implodes civilization itself is doomed that could inflate probability of wars likelihood of nuclear weapons being used in the future will only increase


Question: ecosystems weaken population losses increase

Biodiversity loss causes extinction AND nuclear war

TORRES Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies 2016	(Phil, affiliate scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, “Biodiversity Loss and the Doomsday Clock: An Invisible Disaster Almost No One Is Talking About”, Common Dreams, Feb 10, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2016/02/10/biodiversity-loss-and-doomsday-clock-invisible-disaster-almost-no-one-talking-about, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR UMW17]

as ecosystems weaken likelihood of further population losses increases. there could be critical thresholds lurking that, once crossed , could initiate sudden changes in the biosphere preceded by no warning : until the ecosystem is suddenly in ruins if the environment implodes civilization itself is doomed that could inflate probability of wars likelihood of nuclear weapons being used in the future will only increase


Question: biodiversity loss doomsday clock

Biodiversity loss causes extinction AND nuclear war

TORRES Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies 2016	(Phil, affiliate scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, “Biodiversity Loss and the Doomsday Clock: An Invisible Disaster Almost No One Is Talking About”, Common Dreams, Feb 10, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2016/02/10/biodiversity-loss-and-doomsday-clock-invisible-disaster-almost-no-one-talking-about, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR UMW17]

as ecosystems weaken likelihood of further population losses increases. there could be critical thresholds lurking that, once crossed , could initiate sudden changes in the biosphere preceded by no warning : until the ecosystem is suddenly in ruins if the environment implodes civilization itself is doomed that could inflate probability of wars likelihood of nuclear weapons being used in the future will only increase


Question: nuclear war biodiversity loss

Biodiversity loss causes extinction AND nuclear war

TORRES Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies 2016	(Phil, affiliate scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, “Biodiversity Loss and the Doomsday Clock: An Invisible Disaster Almost No One Is Talking About”, Common Dreams, Feb 10, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2016/02/10/biodiversity-loss-and-doomsday-clock-invisible-disaster-almost-no-one-talking-about, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR UMW17]

as ecosystems weaken likelihood of further population losses increases. there could be critical thresholds lurking that, once crossed , could initiate sudden changes in the biosphere preceded by no warning : until the ecosystem is suddenly in ruins if the environment implodes civilization itself is doomed that could inflate probability of wars likelihood of nuclear weapons being used in the future will only increase


Question: environment implodes civilization doomed

Biodiversity loss causes extinction AND nuclear war

TORRES Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies 2016	(Phil, affiliate scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, “Biodiversity Loss and the Doomsday Clock: An Invisible Disaster Almost No One Is Talking About”, Common Dreams, Feb 10, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2016/02/10/biodiversity-loss-and-doomsday-clock-invisible-disaster-almost-no-one-talking-about, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR UMW17]

as ecosystems weaken likelihood of further population losses increases. there could be critical thresholds lurking that, once crossed , could initiate sudden changes in the biosphere preceded by no warning : until the ecosystem is suddenly in ruins if the environment implodes civilization itself is doomed that could inflate probability of wars likelihood of nuclear weapons being used in the future will only increase


Question: countries fight over costs

Countries continually fight over the costs—prevents global action.

Hormio 23 – Academy Research Fellow at the University of Helsinki.
Sade Hormio, “Collective responsibility for climate change”, WIREs Climate Change, Volume 14, Issue 4, 2/14/23, https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wcc.830

Climate is a global problem across countries effects cannot be addressed by one agent unilaterally . actions impose burdens on some while benefitting others . . geography of some makes them more vulnerable climate change is linked to international politics , where states fail to take action there has been ongoing debates over who should pay and to what degree parties continue to question if compensation is required This has been the primary obstacle to an effective regime


Question: hormio 23

Countries continually fight over the costs—prevents global action.

Hormio 23 – Academy Research Fellow at the University of Helsinki.
Sade Hormio, “Collective responsibility for climate change”, WIREs Climate Change, Volume 14, Issue 4, 2/14/23, https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wcc.830

Climate is a global problem across countries effects cannot be addressed by one agent unilaterally . actions impose burdens on some while benefitting others . . geography of some makes them more vulnerable climate change is linked to international politics , where states fail to take action there has been ongoing debates over who should pay and to what degree parties continue to question if compensation is required This has been the primary obstacle to an effective regime


Question: Sade Hormio

Countries continually fight over the costs—prevents global action.

Hormio 23 – Academy Research Fellow at the University of Helsinki.
Sade Hormio, “Collective responsibility for climate change”, WIREs Climate Change, Volume 14, Issue 4, 2/14/23, https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wcc.830

Climate is a global problem across countries effects cannot be addressed by one agent unilaterally . actions impose burdens on some while benefitting others . . geography of some makes them more vulnerable climate change is linked to international politics , where states fail to take action there has been ongoing debates over who should pay and to what degree parties continue to question if compensation is required This has been the primary obstacle to an effective regime


Question: climate change global problem

Countries continually fight over the costs—prevents global action.

Hormio 23 – Academy Research Fellow at the University of Helsinki.
Sade Hormio, “Collective responsibility for climate change”, WIREs Climate Change, Volume 14, Issue 4, 2/14/23, https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wcc.830

Climate is a global problem across countries effects cannot be addressed by one agent unilaterally . actions impose burdens on some while benefitting others . . geography of some makes them more vulnerable climate change is linked to international politics , where states fail to take action there has been ongoing debates over who should pay and to what degree parties continue to question if compensation is required This has been the primary obstacle to an effective regime


Question: states fail to act

Countries continually fight over the costs—prevents global action.

Hormio 23 – Academy Research Fellow at the University of Helsinki.
Sade Hormio, “Collective responsibility for climate change”, WIREs Climate Change, Volume 14, Issue 4, 2/14/23, https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wcc.830

Climate is a global problem across countries effects cannot be addressed by one agent unilaterally . actions impose burdens on some while benefitting others . . geography of some makes them more vulnerable climate change is linked to international politics , where states fail to take action there has been ongoing debates over who should pay and to what degree parties continue to question if compensation is required This has been the primary obstacle to an effective regime


Question: responsibility for climate change

Countries continually fight over the costs—prevents global action.

Hormio 23 – Academy Research Fellow at the University of Helsinki.
Sade Hormio, “Collective responsibility for climate change”, WIREs Climate Change, Volume 14, Issue 4, 2/14/23, https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wcc.830

Climate is a global problem across countries effects cannot be addressed by one agent unilaterally . actions impose burdens on some while benefitting others . . geography of some makes them more vulnerable climate change is linked to international politics , where states fail to take action there has been ongoing debates over who should pay and to what degree parties continue to question if compensation is required This has been the primary obstacle to an effective regime


Question: climate change is linked to international politics

Countries continually fight over the costs—prevents global action.

Hormio 23 – Academy Research Fellow at the University of Helsinki.
Sade Hormio, “Collective responsibility for climate change”, WIREs Climate Change, Volume 14, Issue 4, 2/14/23, https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wcc.830

Climate is a global problem across countries effects cannot be addressed by one agent unilaterally . actions impose burdens on some while benefitting others . . geography of some makes them more vulnerable climate change is linked to international politics , where states fail to take action there has been ongoing debates over who should pay and to what degree parties continue to question if compensation is required This has been the primary obstacle to an effective regime


Question: Impact empirically denied

Impact is empirically denied

Mackenzie 21 [Kate; 10/1/21; writer for Bloomberg; "How the Finance World Started Turning Against Fossil Fuels," https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-01/how-the-finance-world-started-turning-against-fossil-fuels/]

Carbon Bubble report what it warned has come companies embraced policies they found absurd to write dow value Limitations come to light. assets can lose money without ceasing Many are protected plants enjoy dispute settlement


Question: Mackenzie 21

Impact is empirically denied

Mackenzie 21 [Kate; 10/1/21; writer for Bloomberg; "How the Finance World Started Turning Against Fossil Fuels," https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-01/how-the-finance-world-started-turning-against-fossil-fuels/]

Carbon Bubble report what it warned has come companies embraced policies they found absurd to write dow value Limitations come to light. assets can lose money without ceasing Many are protected plants enjoy dispute settlement


Question: Kate Mackenzie

Impact is empirically denied

Mackenzie 21 [Kate; 10/1/21; writer for Bloomberg; "How the Finance World Started Turning Against Fossil Fuels," https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-01/how-the-finance-world-started-turning-against-fossil-fuels/]

Carbon Bubble report what it warned has come companies embraced policies they found absurd to write dow value Limitations come to light. assets can lose money without ceasing Many are protected plants enjoy dispute settlement