Question: exploitation of space under capitalism

Settler colonial capitalism is a system of total domination seeking control of all space place and relations. Genocide prepares space for conquest by controlling or eliminating dissent. Exploitation of space under capitalism then must be constantly reaffirmed through making other ways of being and organizing impossible.

Fortier 15 – B (Craig, Craig Fortier (they/them) is a Tkaronto/Toronto based scholar and community organizer. They have worked as a social worker in housing, youth organizing, and non-profit funding organizations while also organizing with migrant justice, queer/trans*, anti-capitalist, and Indigenous solidarity movements. Currently, they are an associate professor in Social Development Studies at Renison University College (University of Waterloo) “Unsettling Movements: Decolonizing Non-Indigenous Radical Struggles in Settler Colonial States.”) tre4

The history of (de)colonization in the Americas is much older story about the desire and practice of domination and the ways this domination is negotiated and resisted domination always lurks as a possibility for organizing and is reflected in any project of civilization, genocide, displacement, and exploitation This desire for domination seeks to be all encompassing and forms the core logic of capitalism and colonialism capitalism aspires to become a totalizing system of domination, it must continuously expand its reach and cannot allow for the existence of land bases on which people live and practice non-exploitative forms of governance and relationships with the land. Because of the contingent threat of other modes of production alternate ways of organizing need to be consistently attacked, isolated, or erased in order for capitalism to maintain its control as the dominant mode of production. In this sense, Indigenous resistance to the colonization of the Americas is also a struggle against the capitalist mode of production and the logics of domination that maintain the structure of settler colonialism But also an assertion of ways of organizing society and relating to others and the land premised on mutuality and reciprocity a decolonizing lens requires we challenge the linear narratives that pervade Western concepts of history, including those of the political left. Colonialism is the cause of the largest displacement of humans and theft of land the planet has ever known. Nonetheless, at every turn colonialism has been a contested terrain, never capable of achieving its totalizing mission as people resisted, “fighting against land privatization, the abolition of customary rights, the imposition of new taxes, wage-dependence, the continuous presence of armies in their neighborhoods the underlying threat to this process of domination was the possibility to enact relationships of solidarity between those being displaced, enslaved, and dispossessed This would become a recurrent story whereby the potential solidarity was mitigated by the ruling classes through the promise of land and the doctrine of white supremacy


Question: Settler colonialism narrative deficit

Settler Colonialism has a narrative deficit – ontological frames make indigenous liberation impossible by setting terms of victory as all-or-nothing – reifies acquiescence to subtler settler power

Busbridge 18—Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018)

the structural paradigm closes down political transformation to in seeking to elucidate the logic of elimination as overarching guiding settler-native relations there is an weakness where such a logic is omnipresent even when it appears not to be There is a ontological dimension where there is a ‘ settler will ’ that inherently desires the elimination of the native native can only push back it does not offer the hopeful future settler colonialism has only one story either total victory or failure ’ fatalism has come under critique for reifying settler colonialism as a meta-structure where relations are inevitable Not only does ontology erase contingency and agency but puts politics to death ’ a disciplinary gesture where ‘ any discussion which does not insist on polarity is assimilationist genocidal leaving ‘the only nonassimilationist position sole critique This disallows counter-publics and comes close to ‘ resistance as acquiescence ’ the scholar may malign the structures but from a safe distance opposition is not decolonisation


Question: Busbridge 18

Settler Colonialism has a narrative deficit – ontological frames make indigenous liberation impossible by setting terms of victory as all-or-nothing – reifies acquiescence to subtler settler power

Busbridge 18—Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018)

the structural paradigm closes down political transformation to in seeking to elucidate the logic of elimination as overarching guiding settler-native relations there is an weakness where such a logic is omnipresent even when it appears not to be There is a ontological dimension where there is a ‘ settler will ’ that inherently desires the elimination of the native native can only push back it does not offer the hopeful future settler colonialism has only one story either total victory or failure ’ fatalism has come under critique for reifying settler colonialism as a meta-structure where relations are inevitable Not only does ontology erase contingency and agency but puts politics to death ’ a disciplinary gesture where ‘ any discussion which does not insist on polarity is assimilationist genocidal leaving ‘the only nonassimilationist position sole critique This disallows counter-publics and comes close to ‘ resistance as acquiescence ’ the scholar may malign the structures but from a safe distance opposition is not decolonisation


Question: Rachel Busbridge

Settler Colonialism has a narrative deficit – ontological frames make indigenous liberation impossible by setting terms of victory as all-or-nothing – reifies acquiescence to subtler settler power

Busbridge 18—Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018)

the structural paradigm closes down political transformation to in seeking to elucidate the logic of elimination as overarching guiding settler-native relations there is an weakness where such a logic is omnipresent even when it appears not to be There is a ontological dimension where there is a ‘ settler will ’ that inherently desires the elimination of the native native can only push back it does not offer the hopeful future settler colonialism has only one story either total victory or failure ’ fatalism has come under critique for reifying settler colonialism as a meta-structure where relations are inevitable Not only does ontology erase contingency and agency but puts politics to death ’ a disciplinary gesture where ‘ any discussion which does not insist on polarity is assimilationist genocidal leaving ‘the only nonassimilationist position sole critique This disallows counter-publics and comes close to ‘ resistance as acquiescence ’ the scholar may malign the structures but from a safe distance opposition is not decolonisation


Question: settler colonialism makes indigenous liberation impossible

Settler Colonialism has a narrative deficit – ontological frames make indigenous liberation impossible by setting terms of victory as all-or-nothing – reifies acquiescence to subtler settler power

Busbridge 18—Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018)

the structural paradigm closes down political transformation to in seeking to elucidate the logic of elimination as overarching guiding settler-native relations there is an weakness where such a logic is omnipresent even when it appears not to be There is a ontological dimension where there is a ‘ settler will ’ that inherently desires the elimination of the native native can only push back it does not offer the hopeful future settler colonialism has only one story either total victory or failure ’ fatalism has come under critique for reifying settler colonialism as a meta-structure where relations are inevitable Not only does ontology erase contingency and agency but puts politics to death ’ a disciplinary gesture where ‘ any discussion which does not insist on polarity is assimilationist genocidal leaving ‘the only nonassimilationist position sole critique This disallows counter-publics and comes close to ‘ resistance as acquiescence ’ the scholar may malign the structures but from a safe distance opposition is not decolonisation


Question: ontological frames reify settler power

Settler Colonialism has a narrative deficit – ontological frames make indigenous liberation impossible by setting terms of victory as all-or-nothing – reifies acquiescence to subtler settler power

Busbridge 18—Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018)

the structural paradigm closes down political transformation to in seeking to elucidate the logic of elimination as overarching guiding settler-native relations there is an weakness where such a logic is omnipresent even when it appears not to be There is a ontological dimension where there is a ‘ settler will ’ that inherently desires the elimination of the native native can only push back it does not offer the hopeful future settler colonialism has only one story either total victory or failure ’ fatalism has come under critique for reifying settler colonialism as a meta-structure where relations are inevitable Not only does ontology erase contingency and agency but puts politics to death ’ a disciplinary gesture where ‘ any discussion which does not insist on polarity is assimilationist genocidal leaving ‘the only nonassimilationist position sole critique This disallows counter-publics and comes close to ‘ resistance as acquiescence ’ the scholar may malign the structures but from a safe distance opposition is not decolonisation


Question: settler colonialism all or nothing

Settler Colonialism has a narrative deficit – ontological frames make indigenous liberation impossible by setting terms of victory as all-or-nothing – reifies acquiescence to subtler settler power

Busbridge 18—Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018)

the structural paradigm closes down political transformation to in seeking to elucidate the logic of elimination as overarching guiding settler-native relations there is an weakness where such a logic is omnipresent even when it appears not to be There is a ontological dimension where there is a ‘ settler will ’ that inherently desires the elimination of the native native can only push back it does not offer the hopeful future settler colonialism has only one story either total victory or failure ’ fatalism has come under critique for reifying settler colonialism as a meta-structure where relations are inevitable Not only does ontology erase contingency and agency but puts politics to death ’ a disciplinary gesture where ‘ any discussion which does not insist on polarity is assimilationist genocidal leaving ‘the only nonassimilationist position sole critique This disallows counter-publics and comes close to ‘ resistance as acquiescence ’ the scholar may malign the structures but from a safe distance opposition is not decolonisation


Question: resistance as acquiescence

Settler Colonialism has a narrative deficit – ontological frames make indigenous liberation impossible by setting terms of victory as all-or-nothing – reifies acquiescence to subtler settler power

Busbridge 18—Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018)

the structural paradigm closes down political transformation to in seeking to elucidate the logic of elimination as overarching guiding settler-native relations there is an weakness where such a logic is omnipresent even when it appears not to be There is a ontological dimension where there is a ‘ settler will ’ that inherently desires the elimination of the native native can only push back it does not offer the hopeful future settler colonialism has only one story either total victory or failure ’ fatalism has come under critique for reifying settler colonialism as a meta-structure where relations are inevitable Not only does ontology erase contingency and agency but puts politics to death ’ a disciplinary gesture where ‘ any discussion which does not insist on polarity is assimilationist genocidal leaving ‘the only nonassimilationist position sole critique This disallows counter-publics and comes close to ‘ resistance as acquiescence ’ the scholar may malign the structures but from a safe distance opposition is not decolonisation


Question: Western Rationalist thought imperialism

Western Rationalist thought has posited salvation as achieving the rationalistic individual self, leading to a strict binary between the self and other, the root cause for imperialistic lashout. Vote affirmative for Dharmic Cosmology, restructuring of the Cartesian Duality that “fragments” community.

Shani ’22 [Giorgio Shani and Navnita Chadha Behera. Politics and International Relations, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan and 2 International Relations at the University of Delhi, India. “Provincialising International Relations through a reading of dharma”. Cambridge University Press on behalf of the British International Studies Association.  Published: 2021. Accessed: 8/21/2023]

distinction between ‘ self’ and other’ of Judeo-Christian cosmology basic unit the individual human differentiated Emancipation individuals become rational self-determining actors Individual identity buffered’ firm boundary between ‘ self’ and ‘ other’ alien to dharmic cosmology buffered’ self is disciplined’ permits distinction between private’ and public’ development of market economy and political institutions grounded on individual rights cosmologies where no firm distinction placed outside Dharma offers different every act , leaves trace in one’s self and those whom that act is directed psychological traces  constitutes individuality Dharma acknowledges needs no self-other division Ideas cannot be universalised dharma leads to restructuring of self’ and ‘ other’ Agency cannot be rational autonomous Truth’ resides in recognising interconnected nature samāhita in every movement enhances worth of life Samāhita challenges separation characterising Western tradition dualism structured anarchy’ barbaric’ white and black’ othering’ reinforced implicit hierarchy universalised’ through imperialism fragmenting human identities turned into adharmic us’ versus ‘them’ a chain reaction of separation from fear to violence


Question: Shani 22

Western Rationalist thought has posited salvation as achieving the rationalistic individual self, leading to a strict binary between the self and other, the root cause for imperialistic lashout. Vote affirmative for Dharmic Cosmology, restructuring of the Cartesian Duality that “fragments” community.

Shani ’22 [Giorgio Shani and Navnita Chadha Behera. Politics and International Relations, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan and 2 International Relations at the University of Delhi, India. “Provincialising International Relations through a reading of dharma”. Cambridge University Press on behalf of the British International Studies Association.  Published: 2021. Accessed: 8/21/2023]

distinction between ‘ self’ and other’ of Judeo-Christian cosmology basic unit the individual human differentiated Emancipation individuals become rational self-determining actors Individual identity buffered’ firm boundary between ‘ self’ and ‘ other’ alien to dharmic cosmology buffered’ self is disciplined’ permits distinction between private’ and public’ development of market economy and political institutions grounded on individual rights cosmologies where no firm distinction placed outside Dharma offers different every act , leaves trace in one’s self and those whom that act is directed psychological traces  constitutes individuality Dharma acknowledges needs no self-other division Ideas cannot be universalised dharma leads to restructuring of self’ and ‘ other’ Agency cannot be rational autonomous Truth’ resides in recognising interconnected nature samāhita in every movement enhances worth of life Samāhita challenges separation characterising Western tradition dualism structured anarchy’ barbaric’ white and black’ othering’ reinforced implicit hierarchy universalised’ through imperialism fragmenting human identities turned into adharmic us’ versus ‘them’ a chain reaction of separation from fear to violence


Question: Dharmic cosmology restructures Cartesian duality

Western Rationalist thought has posited salvation as achieving the rationalistic individual self, leading to a strict binary between the self and other, the root cause for imperialistic lashout. Vote affirmative for Dharmic Cosmology, restructuring of the Cartesian Duality that “fragments” community.

Shani ’22 [Giorgio Shani and Navnita Chadha Behera. Politics and International Relations, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan and 2 International Relations at the University of Delhi, India. “Provincialising International Relations through a reading of dharma”. Cambridge University Press on behalf of the British International Studies Association.  Published: 2021. Accessed: 8/21/2023]

distinction between ‘ self’ and other’ of Judeo-Christian cosmology basic unit the individual human differentiated Emancipation individuals become rational self-determining actors Individual identity buffered’ firm boundary between ‘ self’ and ‘ other’ alien to dharmic cosmology buffered’ self is disciplined’ permits distinction between private’ and public’ development of market economy and political institutions grounded on individual rights cosmologies where no firm distinction placed outside Dharma offers different every act , leaves trace in one’s self and those whom that act is directed psychological traces  constitutes individuality Dharma acknowledges needs no self-other division Ideas cannot be universalised dharma leads to restructuring of self’ and ‘ other’ Agency cannot be rational autonomous Truth’ resides in recognising interconnected nature samāhita in every movement enhances worth of life Samāhita challenges separation characterising Western tradition dualism structured anarchy’ barbaric’ white and black’ othering’ reinforced implicit hierarchy universalised’ through imperialism fragmenting human identities turned into adharmic us’ versus ‘them’ a chain reaction of separation from fear to violence


Question: Giorgio Shani

Western Rationalist thought has posited salvation as achieving the rationalistic individual self, leading to a strict binary between the self and other, the root cause for imperialistic lashout. Vote affirmative for Dharmic Cosmology, restructuring of the Cartesian Duality that “fragments” community.

Shani ’22 [Giorgio Shani and Navnita Chadha Behera. Politics and International Relations, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan and 2 International Relations at the University of Delhi, India. “Provincialising International Relations through a reading of dharma”. Cambridge University Press on behalf of the British International Studies Association.  Published: 2021. Accessed: 8/21/2023]

distinction between ‘ self’ and other’ of Judeo-Christian cosmology basic unit the individual human differentiated Emancipation individuals become rational self-determining actors Individual identity buffered’ firm boundary between ‘ self’ and ‘ other’ alien to dharmic cosmology buffered’ self is disciplined’ permits distinction between private’ and public’ development of market economy and political institutions grounded on individual rights cosmologies where no firm distinction placed outside Dharma offers different every act , leaves trace in one’s self and those whom that act is directed psychological traces  constitutes individuality Dharma acknowledges needs no self-other division Ideas cannot be universalised dharma leads to restructuring of self’ and ‘ other’ Agency cannot be rational autonomous Truth’ resides in recognising interconnected nature samāhita in every movement enhances worth of life Samāhita challenges separation characterising Western tradition dualism structured anarchy’ barbaric’ white and black’ othering’ reinforced implicit hierarchy universalised’ through imperialism fragmenting human identities turned into adharmic us’ versus ‘them’ a chain reaction of separation from fear to violence


Question: self and other binary

Western Rationalist thought has posited salvation as achieving the rationalistic individual self, leading to a strict binary between the self and other, the root cause for imperialistic lashout. Vote affirmative for Dharmic Cosmology, restructuring of the Cartesian Duality that “fragments” community.

Shani ’22 [Giorgio Shani and Navnita Chadha Behera. Politics and International Relations, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan and 2 International Relations at the University of Delhi, India. “Provincialising International Relations through a reading of dharma”. Cambridge University Press on behalf of the British International Studies Association.  Published: 2021. Accessed: 8/21/2023]

distinction between ‘ self’ and other’ of Judeo-Christian cosmology basic unit the individual human differentiated Emancipation individuals become rational self-determining actors Individual identity buffered’ firm boundary between ‘ self’ and ‘ other’ alien to dharmic cosmology buffered’ self is disciplined’ permits distinction between private’ and public’ development of market economy and political institutions grounded on individual rights cosmologies where no firm distinction placed outside Dharma offers different every act , leaves trace in one’s self and those whom that act is directed psychological traces  constitutes individuality Dharma acknowledges needs no self-other division Ideas cannot be universalised dharma leads to restructuring of self’ and ‘ other’ Agency cannot be rational autonomous Truth’ resides in recognising interconnected nature samāhita in every movement enhances worth of life Samāhita challenges separation characterising Western tradition dualism structured anarchy’ barbaric’ white and black’ othering’ reinforced implicit hierarchy universalised’ through imperialism fragmenting human identities turned into adharmic us’ versus ‘them’ a chain reaction of separation from fear to violence


Question: dharmic cosmology vs western rationalism

Western Rationalist thought has posited salvation as achieving the rationalistic individual self, leading to a strict binary between the self and other, the root cause for imperialistic lashout. Vote affirmative for Dharmic Cosmology, restructuring of the Cartesian Duality that “fragments” community.

Shani ’22 [Giorgio Shani and Navnita Chadha Behera. Politics and International Relations, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan and 2 International Relations at the University of Delhi, India. “Provincialising International Relations through a reading of dharma”. Cambridge University Press on behalf of the British International Studies Association.  Published: 2021. Accessed: 8/21/2023]

distinction between ‘ self’ and other’ of Judeo-Christian cosmology basic unit the individual human differentiated Emancipation individuals become rational self-determining actors Individual identity buffered’ firm boundary between ‘ self’ and ‘ other’ alien to dharmic cosmology buffered’ self is disciplined’ permits distinction between private’ and public’ development of market economy and political institutions grounded on individual rights cosmologies where no firm distinction placed outside Dharma offers different every act , leaves trace in one’s self and those whom that act is directed psychological traces  constitutes individuality Dharma acknowledges needs no self-other division Ideas cannot be universalised dharma leads to restructuring of self’ and ‘ other’ Agency cannot be rational autonomous Truth’ resides in recognising interconnected nature samāhita in every movement enhances worth of life Samāhita challenges separation characterising Western tradition dualism structured anarchy’ barbaric’ white and black’ othering’ reinforced implicit hierarchy universalised’ through imperialism fragmenting human identities turned into adharmic us’ versus ‘them’ a chain reaction of separation from fear to violence


Question: fragmenting human identities

Western Rationalist thought has posited salvation as achieving the rationalistic individual self, leading to a strict binary between the self and other, the root cause for imperialistic lashout. Vote affirmative for Dharmic Cosmology, restructuring of the Cartesian Duality that “fragments” community.

Shani ’22 [Giorgio Shani and Navnita Chadha Behera. Politics and International Relations, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan and 2 International Relations at the University of Delhi, India. “Provincialising International Relations through a reading of dharma”. Cambridge University Press on behalf of the British International Studies Association.  Published: 2021. Accessed: 8/21/2023]

distinction between ‘ self’ and other’ of Judeo-Christian cosmology basic unit the individual human differentiated Emancipation individuals become rational self-determining actors Individual identity buffered’ firm boundary between ‘ self’ and ‘ other’ alien to dharmic cosmology buffered’ self is disciplined’ permits distinction between private’ and public’ development of market economy and political institutions grounded on individual rights cosmologies where no firm distinction placed outside Dharma offers different every act , leaves trace in one’s self and those whom that act is directed psychological traces  constitutes individuality Dharma acknowledges needs no self-other division Ideas cannot be universalised dharma leads to restructuring of self’ and ‘ other’ Agency cannot be rational autonomous Truth’ resides in recognising interconnected nature samāhita in every movement enhances worth of life Samāhita challenges separation characterising Western tradition dualism structured anarchy’ barbaric’ white and black’ othering’ reinforced implicit hierarchy universalised’ through imperialism fragmenting human identities turned into adharmic us’ versus ‘them’ a chain reaction of separation from fear to violence


Question: Judeo-Christian cosmology individual

Western Rationalist thought has posited salvation as achieving the rationalistic individual self, leading to a strict binary between the self and other, the root cause for imperialistic lashout. Vote affirmative for Dharmic Cosmology, restructuring of the Cartesian Duality that “fragments” community.

Shani ’22 [Giorgio Shani and Navnita Chadha Behera. Politics and International Relations, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan and 2 International Relations at the University of Delhi, India. “Provincialising International Relations through a reading of dharma”. Cambridge University Press on behalf of the British International Studies Association.  Published: 2021. Accessed: 8/21/2023]

distinction between ‘ self’ and other’ of Judeo-Christian cosmology basic unit the individual human differentiated Emancipation individuals become rational self-determining actors Individual identity buffered’ firm boundary between ‘ self’ and ‘ other’ alien to dharmic cosmology buffered’ self is disciplined’ permits distinction between private’ and public’ development of market economy and political institutions grounded on individual rights cosmologies where no firm distinction placed outside Dharma offers different every act , leaves trace in one’s self and those whom that act is directed psychological traces  constitutes individuality Dharma acknowledges needs no self-other division Ideas cannot be universalised dharma leads to restructuring of self’ and ‘ other’ Agency cannot be rational autonomous Truth’ resides in recognising interconnected nature samāhita in every movement enhances worth of life Samāhita challenges separation characterising Western tradition dualism structured anarchy’ barbaric’ white and black’ othering’ reinforced implicit hierarchy universalised’ through imperialism fragmenting human identities turned into adharmic us’ versus ‘them’ a chain reaction of separation from fear to violence


Question: Advanced nuclear and renewable energy

Combining advanced nuclear and renewable energy is the only way to solve.

Alex Gilbert 22, Project manager at the Nuclear Innovation Alliance, “The opportunity cost of not using nuclear energy for climate mitigation”, 2-3-2022, Utility Drive, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/the-opportunity-cost-of-not-using-nuclear-energy-for-climate-mitigation/618137/ - SDP

we’ll need all the available no-carbon tools nuclear energy has the lowest carbon emissions opponents of nuclear power argue that the opportunity cost of investing in nuclear power is too high This is a recipe for climate disaster renewable energy while ignoring other tech based on an incorrect understanding of decarbonization a broad tech portfolio that includes nuclear and renewable energy can create the most cost-effective carbon-free energy systems new nuclear energy and existing plants struggle in competition in absence of a carbon price Despite growth in renewable energy emissions rise It is urgent reduce emissions as quickly as possible nuclear and renewable energy are complementary in deep decarbonization next gen nuclear energy can be flexible to balance variability eliminating carbon emissions without nuclear will be costly variable renewable energy can increase emissions Keeping reactors online with federal policy has limited costs Combining nuclear and renewable interests lead to stronger political coalitions renewables alone relies upon the wrong cost metric renewable and nuclear energy are not direct competitors arguments use the wrong metric for climate solutions limitations of nuclear are offset by advantages of renewable just as limitations of renewable are offset by nuclear the climate is too important to bet on one tech Next gen nuclear energy is uniquely suited to decarbonize sectors that lack renewable s we can reduce the cost of future reactors so they can work together with renewables for decarbonization Investment today can enable significant future tech gains we need renewables and nuclear working together as fast as possible


Question: Alex Gilbert 22

Combining advanced nuclear and renewable energy is the only way to solve.

Alex Gilbert 22, Project manager at the Nuclear Innovation Alliance, “The opportunity cost of not using nuclear energy for climate mitigation”, 2-3-2022, Utility Drive, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/the-opportunity-cost-of-not-using-nuclear-energy-for-climate-mitigation/618137/ - SDP

we’ll need all the available no-carbon tools nuclear energy has the lowest carbon emissions opponents of nuclear power argue that the opportunity cost of investing in nuclear power is too high This is a recipe for climate disaster renewable energy while ignoring other tech based on an incorrect understanding of decarbonization a broad tech portfolio that includes nuclear and renewable energy can create the most cost-effective carbon-free energy systems new nuclear energy and existing plants struggle in competition in absence of a carbon price Despite growth in renewable energy emissions rise It is urgent reduce emissions as quickly as possible nuclear and renewable energy are complementary in deep decarbonization next gen nuclear energy can be flexible to balance variability eliminating carbon emissions without nuclear will be costly variable renewable energy can increase emissions Keeping reactors online with federal policy has limited costs Combining nuclear and renewable interests lead to stronger political coalitions renewables alone relies upon the wrong cost metric renewable and nuclear energy are not direct competitors arguments use the wrong metric for climate solutions limitations of nuclear are offset by advantages of renewable just as limitations of renewable are offset by nuclear the climate is too important to bet on one tech Next gen nuclear energy is uniquely suited to decarbonize sectors that lack renewable s we can reduce the cost of future reactors so they can work together with renewables for decarbonization Investment today can enable significant future tech gains we need renewables and nuclear working together as fast as possible


Question: nuclear and renewable energy solve

Combining advanced nuclear and renewable energy is the only way to solve.

Alex Gilbert 22, Project manager at the Nuclear Innovation Alliance, “The opportunity cost of not using nuclear energy for climate mitigation”, 2-3-2022, Utility Drive, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/the-opportunity-cost-of-not-using-nuclear-energy-for-climate-mitigation/618137/ - SDP

we’ll need all the available no-carbon tools nuclear energy has the lowest carbon emissions opponents of nuclear power argue that the opportunity cost of investing in nuclear power is too high This is a recipe for climate disaster renewable energy while ignoring other tech based on an incorrect understanding of decarbonization a broad tech portfolio that includes nuclear and renewable energy can create the most cost-effective carbon-free energy systems new nuclear energy and existing plants struggle in competition in absence of a carbon price Despite growth in renewable energy emissions rise It is urgent reduce emissions as quickly as possible nuclear and renewable energy are complementary in deep decarbonization next gen nuclear energy can be flexible to balance variability eliminating carbon emissions without nuclear will be costly variable renewable energy can increase emissions Keeping reactors online with federal policy has limited costs Combining nuclear and renewable interests lead to stronger political coalitions renewables alone relies upon the wrong cost metric renewable and nuclear energy are not direct competitors arguments use the wrong metric for climate solutions limitations of nuclear are offset by advantages of renewable just as limitations of renewable are offset by nuclear the climate is too important to bet on one tech Next gen nuclear energy is uniquely suited to decarbonize sectors that lack renewable s we can reduce the cost of future reactors so they can work together with renewables for decarbonization Investment today can enable significant future tech gains we need renewables and nuclear working together as fast as possible


Question: need all no-carbon tools

Combining advanced nuclear and renewable energy is the only way to solve.

Alex Gilbert 22, Project manager at the Nuclear Innovation Alliance, “The opportunity cost of not using nuclear energy for climate mitigation”, 2-3-2022, Utility Drive, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/the-opportunity-cost-of-not-using-nuclear-energy-for-climate-mitigation/618137/ - SDP

we’ll need all the available no-carbon tools nuclear energy has the lowest carbon emissions opponents of nuclear power argue that the opportunity cost of investing in nuclear power is too high This is a recipe for climate disaster renewable energy while ignoring other tech based on an incorrect understanding of decarbonization a broad tech portfolio that includes nuclear and renewable energy can create the most cost-effective carbon-free energy systems new nuclear energy and existing plants struggle in competition in absence of a carbon price Despite growth in renewable energy emissions rise It is urgent reduce emissions as quickly as possible nuclear and renewable energy are complementary in deep decarbonization next gen nuclear energy can be flexible to balance variability eliminating carbon emissions without nuclear will be costly variable renewable energy can increase emissions Keeping reactors online with federal policy has limited costs Combining nuclear and renewable interests lead to stronger political coalitions renewables alone relies upon the wrong cost metric renewable and nuclear energy are not direct competitors arguments use the wrong metric for climate solutions limitations of nuclear are offset by advantages of renewable just as limitations of renewable are offset by nuclear the climate is too important to bet on one tech Next gen nuclear energy is uniquely suited to decarbonize sectors that lack renewable s we can reduce the cost of future reactors so they can work together with renewables for decarbonization Investment today can enable significant future tech gains we need renewables and nuclear working together as fast as possible


Question: nuclear emissions low

Combining advanced nuclear and renewable energy is the only way to solve.

Alex Gilbert 22, Project manager at the Nuclear Innovation Alliance, “The opportunity cost of not using nuclear energy for climate mitigation”, 2-3-2022, Utility Drive, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/the-opportunity-cost-of-not-using-nuclear-energy-for-climate-mitigation/618137/ - SDP

we’ll need all the available no-carbon tools nuclear energy has the lowest carbon emissions opponents of nuclear power argue that the opportunity cost of investing in nuclear power is too high This is a recipe for climate disaster renewable energy while ignoring other tech based on an incorrect understanding of decarbonization a broad tech portfolio that includes nuclear and renewable energy can create the most cost-effective carbon-free energy systems new nuclear energy and existing plants struggle in competition in absence of a carbon price Despite growth in renewable energy emissions rise It is urgent reduce emissions as quickly as possible nuclear and renewable energy are complementary in deep decarbonization next gen nuclear energy can be flexible to balance variability eliminating carbon emissions without nuclear will be costly variable renewable energy can increase emissions Keeping reactors online with federal policy has limited costs Combining nuclear and renewable interests lead to stronger political coalitions renewables alone relies upon the wrong cost metric renewable and nuclear energy are not direct competitors arguments use the wrong metric for climate solutions limitations of nuclear are offset by advantages of renewable just as limitations of renewable are offset by nuclear the climate is too important to bet on one tech Next gen nuclear energy is uniquely suited to decarbonize sectors that lack renewable s we can reduce the cost of future reactors so they can work together with renewables for decarbonization Investment today can enable significant future tech gains we need renewables and nuclear working together as fast as possible


Question: renewables alone relies on wrong cost metric

Combining advanced nuclear and renewable energy is the only way to solve.

Alex Gilbert 22, Project manager at the Nuclear Innovation Alliance, “The opportunity cost of not using nuclear energy for climate mitigation”, 2-3-2022, Utility Drive, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/the-opportunity-cost-of-not-using-nuclear-energy-for-climate-mitigation/618137/ - SDP

we’ll need all the available no-carbon tools nuclear energy has the lowest carbon emissions opponents of nuclear power argue that the opportunity cost of investing in nuclear power is too high This is a recipe for climate disaster renewable energy while ignoring other tech based on an incorrect understanding of decarbonization a broad tech portfolio that includes nuclear and renewable energy can create the most cost-effective carbon-free energy systems new nuclear energy and existing plants struggle in competition in absence of a carbon price Despite growth in renewable energy emissions rise It is urgent reduce emissions as quickly as possible nuclear and renewable energy are complementary in deep decarbonization next gen nuclear energy can be flexible to balance variability eliminating carbon emissions without nuclear will be costly variable renewable energy can increase emissions Keeping reactors online with federal policy has limited costs Combining nuclear and renewable interests lead to stronger political coalitions renewables alone relies upon the wrong cost metric renewable and nuclear energy are not direct competitors arguments use the wrong metric for climate solutions limitations of nuclear are offset by advantages of renewable just as limitations of renewable are offset by nuclear the climate is too important to bet on one tech Next gen nuclear energy is uniquely suited to decarbonize sectors that lack renewable s we can reduce the cost of future reactors so they can work together with renewables for decarbonization Investment today can enable significant future tech gains we need renewables and nuclear working together as fast as possible


Question: nuclear and renewables complementary

Combining advanced nuclear and renewable energy is the only way to solve.

Alex Gilbert 22, Project manager at the Nuclear Innovation Alliance, “The opportunity cost of not using nuclear energy for climate mitigation”, 2-3-2022, Utility Drive, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/the-opportunity-cost-of-not-using-nuclear-energy-for-climate-mitigation/618137/ - SDP

we’ll need all the available no-carbon tools nuclear energy has the lowest carbon emissions opponents of nuclear power argue that the opportunity cost of investing in nuclear power is too high This is a recipe for climate disaster renewable energy while ignoring other tech based on an incorrect understanding of decarbonization a broad tech portfolio that includes nuclear and renewable energy can create the most cost-effective carbon-free energy systems new nuclear energy and existing plants struggle in competition in absence of a carbon price Despite growth in renewable energy emissions rise It is urgent reduce emissions as quickly as possible nuclear and renewable energy are complementary in deep decarbonization next gen nuclear energy can be flexible to balance variability eliminating carbon emissions without nuclear will be costly variable renewable energy can increase emissions Keeping reactors online with federal policy has limited costs Combining nuclear and renewable interests lead to stronger political coalitions renewables alone relies upon the wrong cost metric renewable and nuclear energy are not direct competitors arguments use the wrong metric for climate solutions limitations of nuclear are offset by advantages of renewable just as limitations of renewable are offset by nuclear the climate is too important to bet on one tech Next gen nuclear energy is uniquely suited to decarbonize sectors that lack renewable s we can reduce the cost of future reactors so they can work together with renewables for decarbonization Investment today can enable significant future tech gains we need renewables and nuclear working together as fast as possible


Question: Historic betrayal

It is a historic betrayal.

Schoenfeld ’24 [Gabriel; March 21; senior fellow at the Niskanen Center, is the author of Necessary Secrets: National Security, the Media, and the Rule of Law; Bulwark, “No, Trumpism Can’t Be Fused with Reaganism,” https://www.thebulwark.com/p/no-trumpism-cannot-be-fused-with-reaganism]

Kroenig Erecting sanitized cover for Trump by wrapping him in Reagan’s mantle is disgusting betrayal of history


Question: Schoenfeld 24

It is a historic betrayal.

Schoenfeld ’24 [Gabriel; March 21; senior fellow at the Niskanen Center, is the author of Necessary Secrets: National Security, the Media, and the Rule of Law; Bulwark, “No, Trumpism Can’t Be Fused with Reaganism,” https://www.thebulwark.com/p/no-trumpism-cannot-be-fused-with-reaganism]

Kroenig Erecting sanitized cover for Trump by wrapping him in Reagan’s mantle is disgusting betrayal of history


Question: Trumpism cannot be fused with Reaganism

It is a historic betrayal.

Schoenfeld ’24 [Gabriel; March 21; senior fellow at the Niskanen Center, is the author of Necessary Secrets: National Security, the Media, and the Rule of Law; Bulwark, “No, Trumpism Can’t Be Fused with Reaganism,” https://www.thebulwark.com/p/no-trumpism-cannot-be-fused-with-reaganism]

Kroenig Erecting sanitized cover for Trump by wrapping him in Reagan’s mantle is disgusting betrayal of history


Question: Trump reagan disgusting betrayal

It is a historic betrayal.

Schoenfeld ’24 [Gabriel; March 21; senior fellow at the Niskanen Center, is the author of Necessary Secrets: National Security, the Media, and the Rule of Law; Bulwark, “No, Trumpism Can’t Be Fused with Reaganism,” https://www.thebulwark.com/p/no-trumpism-cannot-be-fused-with-reaganism]

Kroenig Erecting sanitized cover for Trump by wrapping him in Reagan’s mantle is disgusting betrayal of history


Question: sanitize cover for Trump

It is a historic betrayal.

Schoenfeld ’24 [Gabriel; March 21; senior fellow at the Niskanen Center, is the author of Necessary Secrets: National Security, the Media, and the Rule of Law; Bulwark, “No, Trumpism Can’t Be Fused with Reaganism,” https://www.thebulwark.com/p/no-trumpism-cannot-be-fused-with-reaganism]

Kroenig Erecting sanitized cover for Trump by wrapping him in Reagan’s mantle is disgusting betrayal of history


Question: Trump worse than Reagan

It is a historic betrayal.

Schoenfeld ’24 [Gabriel; March 21; senior fellow at the Niskanen Center, is the author of Necessary Secrets: National Security, the Media, and the Rule of Law; Bulwark, “No, Trumpism Can’t Be Fused with Reaganism,” https://www.thebulwark.com/p/no-trumpism-cannot-be-fused-with-reaganism]

Kroenig Erecting sanitized cover for Trump by wrapping him in Reagan’s mantle is disgusting betrayal of history


Question: Trumpism bad

It is a historic betrayal.

Schoenfeld ’24 [Gabriel; March 21; senior fellow at the Niskanen Center, is the author of Necessary Secrets: National Security, the Media, and the Rule of Law; Bulwark, “No, Trumpism Can’t Be Fused with Reaganism,” https://www.thebulwark.com/p/no-trumpism-cannot-be-fused-with-reaganism]

Kroenig Erecting sanitized cover for Trump by wrapping him in Reagan’s mantle is disgusting betrayal of history


Question: Harris and Trump different

2---They’re wrong---Harris and Trump are two different beasts

Vinjamuri 24 [Leslie Vinjamuri, professor of international relations at SOAS University of London, director of the U.S. and the Americas program at Chatham House, “What Another Trump-Biden Showdown Means for the World,” Foreign Policy, 01-03-24, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/01/03/us-elections-2024-trump-biden-policy-diplomacy-china-europe/]

Some argue choice between candidates insignificant when it comes to foreign policy reason to be wary vastly oversimplifying . Trump’s style chaotic , and disruptive . Biden pursued high-level diplomacy to manage tensions and prevent accidents from leading to conflict risk is greater when executive authority over foreign policy continued to increase oversight has diminished scope for president to alter foreign policy is considerable Trump pull U S out of major multilateral org s with little pushback from Congress 2024 election foreshadow stark fork in road for U.S. foreign policy consequential difference of diplomatic practice Washington take irreversible steps toward isolationism if Trump returns next U.S. president present choice between radically different visions for world order


Question: Vinjamuri 24

2---They’re wrong---Harris and Trump are two different beasts

Vinjamuri 24 [Leslie Vinjamuri, professor of international relations at SOAS University of London, director of the U.S. and the Americas program at Chatham House, “What Another Trump-Biden Showdown Means for the World,” Foreign Policy, 01-03-24, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/01/03/us-elections-2024-trump-biden-policy-diplomacy-china-europe/]

Some argue choice between candidates insignificant when it comes to foreign policy reason to be wary vastly oversimplifying . Trump’s style chaotic , and disruptive . Biden pursued high-level diplomacy to manage tensions and prevent accidents from leading to conflict risk is greater when executive authority over foreign policy continued to increase oversight has diminished scope for president to alter foreign policy is considerable Trump pull U S out of major multilateral org s with little pushback from Congress 2024 election foreshadow stark fork in road for U.S. foreign policy consequential difference of diplomatic practice Washington take irreversible steps toward isolationism if Trump returns next U.S. president present choice between radically different visions for world order


Question: Trump Biden foreign policy

2---They’re wrong---Harris and Trump are two different beasts

Vinjamuri 24 [Leslie Vinjamuri, professor of international relations at SOAS University of London, director of the U.S. and the Americas program at Chatham House, “What Another Trump-Biden Showdown Means for the World,” Foreign Policy, 01-03-24, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/01/03/us-elections-2024-trump-biden-policy-diplomacy-china-europe/]

Some argue choice between candidates insignificant when it comes to foreign policy reason to be wary vastly oversimplifying . Trump’s style chaotic , and disruptive . Biden pursued high-level diplomacy to manage tensions and prevent accidents from leading to conflict risk is greater when executive authority over foreign policy continued to increase oversight has diminished scope for president to alter foreign policy is considerable Trump pull U S out of major multilateral org s with little pushback from Congress 2024 election foreshadow stark fork in road for U.S. foreign policy consequential difference of diplomatic practice Washington take irreversible steps toward isolationism if Trump returns next U.S. president present choice between radically different visions for world order


Question: Trump chaotic foreign policy

2---They’re wrong---Harris and Trump are two different beasts

Vinjamuri 24 [Leslie Vinjamuri, professor of international relations at SOAS University of London, director of the U.S. and the Americas program at Chatham House, “What Another Trump-Biden Showdown Means for the World,” Foreign Policy, 01-03-24, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/01/03/us-elections-2024-trump-biden-policy-diplomacy-china-europe/]

Some argue choice between candidates insignificant when it comes to foreign policy reason to be wary vastly oversimplifying . Trump’s style chaotic , and disruptive . Biden pursued high-level diplomacy to manage tensions and prevent accidents from leading to conflict risk is greater when executive authority over foreign policy continued to increase oversight has diminished scope for president to alter foreign policy is considerable Trump pull U S out of major multilateral org s with little pushback from Congress 2024 election foreshadow stark fork in road for U.S. foreign policy consequential difference of diplomatic practice Washington take irreversible steps toward isolationism if Trump returns next U.S. president present choice between radically different visions for world order


Question: Trump isolationism

2---They’re wrong---Harris and Trump are two different beasts

Vinjamuri 24 [Leslie Vinjamuri, professor of international relations at SOAS University of London, director of the U.S. and the Americas program at Chatham House, “What Another Trump-Biden Showdown Means for the World,” Foreign Policy, 01-03-24, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/01/03/us-elections-2024-trump-biden-policy-diplomacy-china-europe/]

Some argue choice between candidates insignificant when it comes to foreign policy reason to be wary vastly oversimplifying . Trump’s style chaotic , and disruptive . Biden pursued high-level diplomacy to manage tensions and prevent accidents from leading to conflict risk is greater when executive authority over foreign policy continued to increase oversight has diminished scope for president to alter foreign policy is considerable Trump pull U S out of major multilateral org s with little pushback from Congress 2024 election foreshadow stark fork in road for U.S. foreign policy consequential difference of diplomatic practice Washington take irreversible steps toward isolationism if Trump returns next U.S. president present choice between radically different visions for world order


Question: Biden high-level diplomacy

2---They’re wrong---Harris and Trump are two different beasts

Vinjamuri 24 [Leslie Vinjamuri, professor of international relations at SOAS University of London, director of the U.S. and the Americas program at Chatham House, “What Another Trump-Biden Showdown Means for the World,” Foreign Policy, 01-03-24, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/01/03/us-elections-2024-trump-biden-policy-diplomacy-china-europe/]

Some argue choice between candidates insignificant when it comes to foreign policy reason to be wary vastly oversimplifying . Trump’s style chaotic , and disruptive . Biden pursued high-level diplomacy to manage tensions and prevent accidents from leading to conflict risk is greater when executive authority over foreign policy continued to increase oversight has diminished scope for president to alter foreign policy is considerable Trump pull U S out of major multilateral org s with little pushback from Congress 2024 election foreshadow stark fork in road for U.S. foreign policy consequential difference of diplomatic practice Washington take irreversible steps toward isolationism if Trump returns next U.S. president present choice between radically different visions for world order


Question: Green agonism and clash key

Green agonism and clash creates the perpetual possibility of energy sustainability and political reinvention---it’s key to simultaneously challenge power structures and climate change

Machin 20, Professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Work at the University of Agdar, completed PhD at the University of Westminster, London under Chantal Mouffe (Amanda, 2020, “The agony of nuclear: sustaining democratic disagreement in theanthropocene,” Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 16(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1829847, p. 292-294) [aw]

disagreements over nuclear energy illustrate the politics of sustainability in which the stakes are high but the solutions are not straightforward conflict over nuclear is seen as a possible source of a lively agonistic politics in which alternative visions and ideas may be respect-fully expressed only through political discord that prevailing power structures are reconfigured those with opposing views do not regard each other as enemies  to be destroyed  but rather as legitimate adversaries acknowledgement of ongoing political disagreement reaching consensus covers up extant different perspectives underpin revitalized climate politics Agonistic disagreement allows consolidation of alt s disagreements occurring between irreducibly different perspectives disagreements are not a hindrance but valuable disagreement engage citizens and policy makers in the political realm Debates over nuclear can draw in new participants and enrich the public realm with the perspectives of those who may otherwise be excluded or marginalized allows reconfiguring of power relations new ideas are more likely to emerge on options regarding sustainability and energy . disagreement underpins the perpetual possibility  for the emergence of alternatives in the search for sustainability decisions cannot be simply rescinded not implementing nuclear technologies at a time when “tipping points” in the climate system are possibly imminent also has implications Making a decision does not put an end to disagreement, but it does make it harder to change path significant for any democratic sustainability transformation . alternatives offer hopes for the future disagreement is unavoidable ecological agonistic approach demands an ongoing practice of reassessment and a continual rethinking of the ways in which our technologies condition, augment, and inhibit our interaction within our complex environments


Question: Machin 2020

Green agonism and clash creates the perpetual possibility of energy sustainability and political reinvention---it’s key to simultaneously challenge power structures and climate change

Machin 20, Professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Work at the University of Agdar, completed PhD at the University of Westminster, London under Chantal Mouffe (Amanda, 2020, “The agony of nuclear: sustaining democratic disagreement in theanthropocene,” Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 16(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1829847, p. 292-294) [aw]

disagreements over nuclear energy illustrate the politics of sustainability in which the stakes are high but the solutions are not straightforward conflict over nuclear is seen as a possible source of a lively agonistic politics in which alternative visions and ideas may be respect-fully expressed only through political discord that prevailing power structures are reconfigured those with opposing views do not regard each other as enemies  to be destroyed  but rather as legitimate adversaries acknowledgement of ongoing political disagreement reaching consensus covers up extant different perspectives underpin revitalized climate politics Agonistic disagreement allows consolidation of alt s disagreements occurring between irreducibly different perspectives disagreements are not a hindrance but valuable disagreement engage citizens and policy makers in the political realm Debates over nuclear can draw in new participants and enrich the public realm with the perspectives of those who may otherwise be excluded or marginalized allows reconfiguring of power relations new ideas are more likely to emerge on options regarding sustainability and energy . disagreement underpins the perpetual possibility  for the emergence of alternatives in the search for sustainability decisions cannot be simply rescinded not implementing nuclear technologies at a time when “tipping points” in the climate system are possibly imminent also has implications Making a decision does not put an end to disagreement, but it does make it harder to change path significant for any democratic sustainability transformation . alternatives offer hopes for the future disagreement is unavoidable ecological agonistic approach demands an ongoing practice of reassessment and a continual rethinking of the ways in which our technologies condition, augment, and inhibit our interaction within our complex environments


Question: Amanda Machin nuclear

Green agonism and clash creates the perpetual possibility of energy sustainability and political reinvention---it’s key to simultaneously challenge power structures and climate change

Machin 20, Professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Work at the University of Agdar, completed PhD at the University of Westminster, London under Chantal Mouffe (Amanda, 2020, “The agony of nuclear: sustaining democratic disagreement in theanthropocene,” Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 16(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1829847, p. 292-294) [aw]

disagreements over nuclear energy illustrate the politics of sustainability in which the stakes are high but the solutions are not straightforward conflict over nuclear is seen as a possible source of a lively agonistic politics in which alternative visions and ideas may be respect-fully expressed only through political discord that prevailing power structures are reconfigured those with opposing views do not regard each other as enemies  to be destroyed  but rather as legitimate adversaries acknowledgement of ongoing political disagreement reaching consensus covers up extant different perspectives underpin revitalized climate politics Agonistic disagreement allows consolidation of alt s disagreements occurring between irreducibly different perspectives disagreements are not a hindrance but valuable disagreement engage citizens and policy makers in the political realm Debates over nuclear can draw in new participants and enrich the public realm with the perspectives of those who may otherwise be excluded or marginalized allows reconfiguring of power relations new ideas are more likely to emerge on options regarding sustainability and energy . disagreement underpins the perpetual possibility  for the emergence of alternatives in the search for sustainability decisions cannot be simply rescinded not implementing nuclear technologies at a time when “tipping points” in the climate system are possibly imminent also has implications Making a decision does not put an end to disagreement, but it does make it harder to change path significant for any democratic sustainability transformation . alternatives offer hopes for the future disagreement is unavoidable ecological agonistic approach demands an ongoing practice of reassessment and a continual rethinking of the ways in which our technologies condition, augment, and inhibit our interaction within our complex environments


Question: Agonistic disagreement climate politics

Green agonism and clash creates the perpetual possibility of energy sustainability and political reinvention---it’s key to simultaneously challenge power structures and climate change

Machin 20, Professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Work at the University of Agdar, completed PhD at the University of Westminster, London under Chantal Mouffe (Amanda, 2020, “The agony of nuclear: sustaining democratic disagreement in theanthropocene,” Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 16(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1829847, p. 292-294) [aw]

disagreements over nuclear energy illustrate the politics of sustainability in which the stakes are high but the solutions are not straightforward conflict over nuclear is seen as a possible source of a lively agonistic politics in which alternative visions and ideas may be respect-fully expressed only through political discord that prevailing power structures are reconfigured those with opposing views do not regard each other as enemies  to be destroyed  but rather as legitimate adversaries acknowledgement of ongoing political disagreement reaching consensus covers up extant different perspectives underpin revitalized climate politics Agonistic disagreement allows consolidation of alt s disagreements occurring between irreducibly different perspectives disagreements are not a hindrance but valuable disagreement engage citizens and policy makers in the political realm Debates over nuclear can draw in new participants and enrich the public realm with the perspectives of those who may otherwise be excluded or marginalized allows reconfiguring of power relations new ideas are more likely to emerge on options regarding sustainability and energy . disagreement underpins the perpetual possibility  for the emergence of alternatives in the search for sustainability decisions cannot be simply rescinded not implementing nuclear technologies at a time when “tipping points” in the climate system are possibly imminent also has implications Making a decision does not put an end to disagreement, but it does make it harder to change path significant for any democratic sustainability transformation . alternatives offer hopes for the future disagreement is unavoidable ecological agonistic approach demands an ongoing practice of reassessment and a continual rethinking of the ways in which our technologies condition, augment, and inhibit our interaction within our complex environments


Question: energy sustainability and political reinvention

Green agonism and clash creates the perpetual possibility of energy sustainability and political reinvention---it’s key to simultaneously challenge power structures and climate change

Machin 20, Professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Work at the University of Agdar, completed PhD at the University of Westminster, London under Chantal Mouffe (Amanda, 2020, “The agony of nuclear: sustaining democratic disagreement in theanthropocene,” Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 16(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1829847, p. 292-294) [aw]

disagreements over nuclear energy illustrate the politics of sustainability in which the stakes are high but the solutions are not straightforward conflict over nuclear is seen as a possible source of a lively agonistic politics in which alternative visions and ideas may be respect-fully expressed only through political discord that prevailing power structures are reconfigured those with opposing views do not regard each other as enemies  to be destroyed  but rather as legitimate adversaries acknowledgement of ongoing political disagreement reaching consensus covers up extant different perspectives underpin revitalized climate politics Agonistic disagreement allows consolidation of alt s disagreements occurring between irreducibly different perspectives disagreements are not a hindrance but valuable disagreement engage citizens and policy makers in the political realm Debates over nuclear can draw in new participants and enrich the public realm with the perspectives of those who may otherwise be excluded or marginalized allows reconfiguring of power relations new ideas are more likely to emerge on options regarding sustainability and energy . disagreement underpins the perpetual possibility  for the emergence of alternatives in the search for sustainability decisions cannot be simply rescinded not implementing nuclear technologies at a time when “tipping points” in the climate system are possibly imminent also has implications Making a decision does not put an end to disagreement, but it does make it harder to change path significant for any democratic sustainability transformation . alternatives offer hopes for the future disagreement is unavoidable ecological agonistic approach demands an ongoing practice of reassessment and a continual rethinking of the ways in which our technologies condition, augment, and inhibit our interaction within our complex environments


Question: challenge power structures and climate change

Green agonism and clash creates the perpetual possibility of energy sustainability and political reinvention---it’s key to simultaneously challenge power structures and climate change

Machin 20, Professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Work at the University of Agdar, completed PhD at the University of Westminster, London under Chantal Mouffe (Amanda, 2020, “The agony of nuclear: sustaining democratic disagreement in theanthropocene,” Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 16(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1829847, p. 292-294) [aw]

disagreements over nuclear energy illustrate the politics of sustainability in which the stakes are high but the solutions are not straightforward conflict over nuclear is seen as a possible source of a lively agonistic politics in which alternative visions and ideas may be respect-fully expressed only through political discord that prevailing power structures are reconfigured those with opposing views do not regard each other as enemies  to be destroyed  but rather as legitimate adversaries acknowledgement of ongoing political disagreement reaching consensus covers up extant different perspectives underpin revitalized climate politics Agonistic disagreement allows consolidation of alt s disagreements occurring between irreducibly different perspectives disagreements are not a hindrance but valuable disagreement engage citizens and policy makers in the political realm Debates over nuclear can draw in new participants and enrich the public realm with the perspectives of those who may otherwise be excluded or marginalized allows reconfiguring of power relations new ideas are more likely to emerge on options regarding sustainability and energy . disagreement underpins the perpetual possibility  for the emergence of alternatives in the search for sustainability decisions cannot be simply rescinded not implementing nuclear technologies at a time when “tipping points” in the climate system are possibly imminent also has implications Making a decision does not put an end to disagreement, but it does make it harder to change path significant for any democratic sustainability transformation . alternatives offer hopes for the future disagreement is unavoidable ecological agonistic approach demands an ongoing practice of reassessment and a continual rethinking of the ways in which our technologies condition, augment, and inhibit our interaction within our complex environments


Question: alternative visions expressed through political discord

Green agonism and clash creates the perpetual possibility of energy sustainability and political reinvention---it’s key to simultaneously challenge power structures and climate change

Machin 20, Professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Work at the University of Agdar, completed PhD at the University of Westminster, London under Chantal Mouffe (Amanda, 2020, “The agony of nuclear: sustaining democratic disagreement in theanthropocene,” Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 16(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1829847, p. 292-294) [aw]

disagreements over nuclear energy illustrate the politics of sustainability in which the stakes are high but the solutions are not straightforward conflict over nuclear is seen as a possible source of a lively agonistic politics in which alternative visions and ideas may be respect-fully expressed only through political discord that prevailing power structures are reconfigured those with opposing views do not regard each other as enemies  to be destroyed  but rather as legitimate adversaries acknowledgement of ongoing political disagreement reaching consensus covers up extant different perspectives underpin revitalized climate politics Agonistic disagreement allows consolidation of alt s disagreements occurring between irreducibly different perspectives disagreements are not a hindrance but valuable disagreement engage citizens and policy makers in the political realm Debates over nuclear can draw in new participants and enrich the public realm with the perspectives of those who may otherwise be excluded or marginalized allows reconfiguring of power relations new ideas are more likely to emerge on options regarding sustainability and energy . disagreement underpins the perpetual possibility  for the emergence of alternatives in the search for sustainability decisions cannot be simply rescinded not implementing nuclear technologies at a time when “tipping points” in the climate system are possibly imminent also has implications Making a decision does not put an end to disagreement, but it does make it harder to change path significant for any democratic sustainability transformation . alternatives offer hopes for the future disagreement is unavoidable ecological agonistic approach demands an ongoing practice of reassessment and a continual rethinking of the ways in which our technologies condition, augment, and inhibit our interaction within our complex environments


Question: nuclear energy illustrate politics of sustainability

Green agonism and clash creates the perpetual possibility of energy sustainability and political reinvention---it’s key to simultaneously challenge power structures and climate change

Machin 20, Professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Work at the University of Agdar, completed PhD at the University of Westminster, London under Chantal Mouffe (Amanda, 2020, “The agony of nuclear: sustaining democratic disagreement in theanthropocene,” Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 16(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1829847, p. 292-294) [aw]

disagreements over nuclear energy illustrate the politics of sustainability in which the stakes are high but the solutions are not straightforward conflict over nuclear is seen as a possible source of a lively agonistic politics in which alternative visions and ideas may be respect-fully expressed only through political discord that prevailing power structures are reconfigured those with opposing views do not regard each other as enemies  to be destroyed  but rather as legitimate adversaries acknowledgement of ongoing political disagreement reaching consensus covers up extant different perspectives underpin revitalized climate politics Agonistic disagreement allows consolidation of alt s disagreements occurring between irreducibly different perspectives disagreements are not a hindrance but valuable disagreement engage citizens and policy makers in the political realm Debates over nuclear can draw in new participants and enrich the public realm with the perspectives of those who may otherwise be excluded or marginalized allows reconfiguring of power relations new ideas are more likely to emerge on options regarding sustainability and energy . disagreement underpins the perpetual possibility  for the emergence of alternatives in the search for sustainability decisions cannot be simply rescinded not implementing nuclear technologies at a time when “tipping points” in the climate system are possibly imminent also has implications Making a decision does not put an end to disagreement, but it does make it harder to change path significant for any democratic sustainability transformation . alternatives offer hopes for the future disagreement is unavoidable ecological agonistic approach demands an ongoing practice of reassessment and a continual rethinking of the ways in which our technologies condition, augment, and inhibit our interaction within our complex environments


Question: Abolition reifies carceral institutions

The 1ACs calls for abolition reify carceral institutions---vote NEG to reject it.

Patrick Teed ‘23, PhD candidate in York University’s Graduate Program in Social and Political Thought, “Whiter Abolition?”, Differences, Volume 34, Number 2, doi:10.1215/10407391-10713805, September 2023, DMurph

abolition became a household provocation mainstream ideas signaling an engagement with abolition  were as conceptually incoherent they unimaginative explicitly reactionary abolition functions as a semantic repository for a competing field of desires and political orientations, rather than naming a “radical recon - figuration of justice, the carceral state abolition has become synonymous with extension of carceral power contemporary abolitionism relies upon a violent historiography that only subtends historiographical engagements with slavery but also structures the conditions of possibility mobilizations of abolition operate through disavowal of slavery’s ongoingness insistence on and focalization reveals political-libidinal investments in the reproduction of antiblackness repeating the ruse of emancipation while deploying slavery’s idiom to animate a contemporary postracial politics


Question: Teed 23

The 1ACs calls for abolition reify carceral institutions---vote NEG to reject it.

Patrick Teed ‘23, PhD candidate in York University’s Graduate Program in Social and Political Thought, “Whiter Abolition?”, Differences, Volume 34, Number 2, doi:10.1215/10407391-10713805, September 2023, DMurph

abolition became a household provocation mainstream ideas signaling an engagement with abolition  were as conceptually incoherent they unimaginative explicitly reactionary abolition functions as a semantic repository for a competing field of desires and political orientations, rather than naming a “radical recon - figuration of justice, the carceral state abolition has become synonymous with extension of carceral power contemporary abolitionism relies upon a violent historiography that only subtends historiographical engagements with slavery but also structures the conditions of possibility mobilizations of abolition operate through disavowal of slavery’s ongoingness insistence on and focalization reveals political-libidinal investments in the reproduction of antiblackness repeating the ruse of emancipation while deploying slavery’s idiom to animate a contemporary postracial politics


Question: Patrick Teed abolition

The 1ACs calls for abolition reify carceral institutions---vote NEG to reject it.

Patrick Teed ‘23, PhD candidate in York University’s Graduate Program in Social and Political Thought, “Whiter Abolition?”, Differences, Volume 34, Number 2, doi:10.1215/10407391-10713805, September 2023, DMurph

abolition became a household provocation mainstream ideas signaling an engagement with abolition  were as conceptually incoherent they unimaginative explicitly reactionary abolition functions as a semantic repository for a competing field of desires and political orientations, rather than naming a “radical recon - figuration of justice, the carceral state abolition has become synonymous with extension of carceral power contemporary abolitionism relies upon a violent historiography that only subtends historiographical engagements with slavery but also structures the conditions of possibility mobilizations of abolition operate through disavowal of slavery’s ongoingness insistence on and focalization reveals political-libidinal investments in the reproduction of antiblackness repeating the ruse of emancipation while deploying slavery’s idiom to animate a contemporary postracial politics


Question: Whiter abolition

The 1ACs calls for abolition reify carceral institutions---vote NEG to reject it.

Patrick Teed ‘23, PhD candidate in York University’s Graduate Program in Social and Political Thought, “Whiter Abolition?”, Differences, Volume 34, Number 2, doi:10.1215/10407391-10713805, September 2023, DMurph

abolition became a household provocation mainstream ideas signaling an engagement with abolition  were as conceptually incoherent they unimaginative explicitly reactionary abolition functions as a semantic repository for a competing field of desires and political orientations, rather than naming a “radical recon - figuration of justice, the carceral state abolition has become synonymous with extension of carceral power contemporary abolitionism relies upon a violent historiography that only subtends historiographical engagements with slavery but also structures the conditions of possibility mobilizations of abolition operate through disavowal of slavery’s ongoingness insistence on and focalization reveals political-libidinal investments in the reproduction of antiblackness repeating the ruse of emancipation while deploying slavery’s idiom to animate a contemporary postracial politics


Question: Abolition extends carceral power

The 1ACs calls for abolition reify carceral institutions---vote NEG to reject it.

Patrick Teed ‘23, PhD candidate in York University’s Graduate Program in Social and Political Thought, “Whiter Abolition?”, Differences, Volume 34, Number 2, doi:10.1215/10407391-10713805, September 2023, DMurph

abolition became a household provocation mainstream ideas signaling an engagement with abolition  were as conceptually incoherent they unimaginative explicitly reactionary abolition functions as a semantic repository for a competing field of desires and political orientations, rather than naming a “radical recon - figuration of justice, the carceral state abolition has become synonymous with extension of carceral power contemporary abolitionism relies upon a violent historiography that only subtends historiographical engagements with slavery but also structures the conditions of possibility mobilizations of abolition operate through disavowal of slavery’s ongoingness insistence on and focalization reveals political-libidinal investments in the reproduction of antiblackness repeating the ruse of emancipation while deploying slavery’s idiom to animate a contemporary postracial politics


Question: abolitionism relies on violent historiography

The 1ACs calls for abolition reify carceral institutions---vote NEG to reject it.

Patrick Teed ‘23, PhD candidate in York University’s Graduate Program in Social and Political Thought, “Whiter Abolition?”, Differences, Volume 34, Number 2, doi:10.1215/10407391-10713805, September 2023, DMurph

abolition became a household provocation mainstream ideas signaling an engagement with abolition  were as conceptually incoherent they unimaginative explicitly reactionary abolition functions as a semantic repository for a competing field of desires and political orientations, rather than naming a “radical recon - figuration of justice, the carceral state abolition has become synonymous with extension of carceral power contemporary abolitionism relies upon a violent historiography that only subtends historiographical engagements with slavery but also structures the conditions of possibility mobilizations of abolition operate through disavowal of slavery’s ongoingness insistence on and focalization reveals political-libidinal investments in the reproduction of antiblackness repeating the ruse of emancipation while deploying slavery’s idiom to animate a contemporary postracial politics


Question: abolitionism antiblackness

The 1ACs calls for abolition reify carceral institutions---vote NEG to reject it.

Patrick Teed ‘23, PhD candidate in York University’s Graduate Program in Social and Political Thought, “Whiter Abolition?”, Differences, Volume 34, Number 2, doi:10.1215/10407391-10713805, September 2023, DMurph

abolition became a household provocation mainstream ideas signaling an engagement with abolition  were as conceptually incoherent they unimaginative explicitly reactionary abolition functions as a semantic repository for a competing field of desires and political orientations, rather than naming a “radical recon - figuration of justice, the carceral state abolition has become synonymous with extension of carceral power contemporary abolitionism relies upon a violent historiography that only subtends historiographical engagements with slavery but also structures the conditions of possibility mobilizations of abolition operate through disavowal of slavery’s ongoingness insistence on and focalization reveals political-libidinal investments in the reproduction of antiblackness repeating the ruse of emancipation while deploying slavery’s idiom to animate a contemporary postracial politics


Question: reifying the carceral state

The 1ACs calls for abolition reify carceral institutions---vote NEG to reject it.

Patrick Teed ‘23, PhD candidate in York University’s Graduate Program in Social and Political Thought, “Whiter Abolition?”, Differences, Volume 34, Number 2, doi:10.1215/10407391-10713805, September 2023, DMurph

abolition became a household provocation mainstream ideas signaling an engagement with abolition  were as conceptually incoherent they unimaginative explicitly reactionary abolition functions as a semantic repository for a competing field of desires and political orientations, rather than naming a “radical recon - figuration of justice, the carceral state abolition has become synonymous with extension of carceral power contemporary abolitionism relies upon a violent historiography that only subtends historiographical engagements with slavery but also structures the conditions of possibility mobilizations of abolition operate through disavowal of slavery’s ongoingness insistence on and focalization reveals political-libidinal investments in the reproduction of antiblackness repeating the ruse of emancipation while deploying slavery’s idiom to animate a contemporary postracial politics


Question: US commitment to South Korea

Recent U.S. commitment to South Korean defense dissuades proliferation now, but continued nuclear assurance is key.

Jennifer Ahn 23, Research Associate at the Council on Foreign Relations, specialist in Korean Studies; Council on Foreign Relations, 5/2/23, “Evaluating Extended Deterrence at the U.S.-South Korea Summit,” https://www.cfr.org/blog/evaluating-extended-deterrence-us-south-korea-summit

Washington Declaration outlines strengthened extended deterrence o So Ko N C G involves nuclear planning So Ko acknowledged reliance on U.S. nuclear reaffirmed commitment to the N p T declaration counters calls to develop nuclear weapons Yoon pledged coordination under the NCG relieve Korean concerns symbolizes display of U.S. defense commitment Yoon will not pursu nuc s concrete U.S. efforts to reinforce its nuclear umbrella but it will require continued assurance that the safety of So Ko is in U.S. interests


Question: Jennifer Ahn 23

Recent U.S. commitment to South Korean defense dissuades proliferation now, but continued nuclear assurance is key.

Jennifer Ahn 23, Research Associate at the Council on Foreign Relations, specialist in Korean Studies; Council on Foreign Relations, 5/2/23, “Evaluating Extended Deterrence at the U.S.-South Korea Summit,” https://www.cfr.org/blog/evaluating-extended-deterrence-us-south-korea-summit

Washington Declaration outlines strengthened extended deterrence o So Ko N C G involves nuclear planning So Ko acknowledged reliance on U.S. nuclear reaffirmed commitment to the N p T declaration counters calls to develop nuclear weapons Yoon pledged coordination under the NCG relieve Korean concerns symbolizes display of U.S. defense commitment Yoon will not pursu nuc s concrete U.S. efforts to reinforce its nuclear umbrella but it will require continued assurance that the safety of So Ko is in U.S. interests


Question: Washington declaration extended deterrence

Recent U.S. commitment to South Korean defense dissuades proliferation now, but continued nuclear assurance is key.

Jennifer Ahn 23, Research Associate at the Council on Foreign Relations, specialist in Korean Studies; Council on Foreign Relations, 5/2/23, “Evaluating Extended Deterrence at the U.S.-South Korea Summit,” https://www.cfr.org/blog/evaluating-extended-deterrence-us-south-korea-summit

Washington Declaration outlines strengthened extended deterrence o So Ko N C G involves nuclear planning So Ko acknowledged reliance on U.S. nuclear reaffirmed commitment to the N p T declaration counters calls to develop nuclear weapons Yoon pledged coordination under the NCG relieve Korean concerns symbolizes display of U.S. defense commitment Yoon will not pursu nuc s concrete U.S. efforts to reinforce its nuclear umbrella but it will require continued assurance that the safety of So Ko is in U.S. interests


Question: South Korea nuclear proliferation

Recent U.S. commitment to South Korean defense dissuades proliferation now, but continued nuclear assurance is key.

Jennifer Ahn 23, Research Associate at the Council on Foreign Relations, specialist in Korean Studies; Council on Foreign Relations, 5/2/23, “Evaluating Extended Deterrence at the U.S.-South Korea Summit,” https://www.cfr.org/blog/evaluating-extended-deterrence-us-south-korea-summit

Washington Declaration outlines strengthened extended deterrence o So Ko N C G involves nuclear planning So Ko acknowledged reliance on U.S. nuclear reaffirmed commitment to the N p T declaration counters calls to develop nuclear weapons Yoon pledged coordination under the NCG relieve Korean concerns symbolizes display of U.S. defense commitment Yoon will not pursu nuc s concrete U.S. efforts to reinforce its nuclear umbrella but it will require continued assurance that the safety of So Ko is in U.S. interests


Question: US defense commitment

Recent U.S. commitment to South Korean defense dissuades proliferation now, but continued nuclear assurance is key.

Jennifer Ahn 23, Research Associate at the Council on Foreign Relations, specialist in Korean Studies; Council on Foreign Relations, 5/2/23, “Evaluating Extended Deterrence at the U.S.-South Korea Summit,” https://www.cfr.org/blog/evaluating-extended-deterrence-us-south-korea-summit

Washington Declaration outlines strengthened extended deterrence o So Ko N C G involves nuclear planning So Ko acknowledged reliance on U.S. nuclear reaffirmed commitment to the N p T declaration counters calls to develop nuclear weapons Yoon pledged coordination under the NCG relieve Korean concerns symbolizes display of U.S. defense commitment Yoon will not pursu nuc s concrete U.S. efforts to reinforce its nuclear umbrella but it will require continued assurance that the safety of So Ko is in U.S. interests


Question: Yoon will not pursue nukes

Recent U.S. commitment to South Korean defense dissuades proliferation now, but continued nuclear assurance is key.

Jennifer Ahn 23, Research Associate at the Council on Foreign Relations, specialist in Korean Studies; Council on Foreign Relations, 5/2/23, “Evaluating Extended Deterrence at the U.S.-South Korea Summit,” https://www.cfr.org/blog/evaluating-extended-deterrence-us-south-korea-summit

Washington Declaration outlines strengthened extended deterrence o So Ko N C G involves nuclear planning So Ko acknowledged reliance on U.S. nuclear reaffirmed commitment to the N p T declaration counters calls to develop nuclear weapons Yoon pledged coordination under the NCG relieve Korean concerns symbolizes display of U.S. defense commitment Yoon will not pursu nuc s concrete U.S. efforts to reinforce its nuclear umbrella but it will require continued assurance that the safety of So Ko is in U.S. interests


Question: US nuclear umbrella

Recent U.S. commitment to South Korean defense dissuades proliferation now, but continued nuclear assurance is key.

Jennifer Ahn 23, Research Associate at the Council on Foreign Relations, specialist in Korean Studies; Council on Foreign Relations, 5/2/23, “Evaluating Extended Deterrence at the U.S.-South Korea Summit,” https://www.cfr.org/blog/evaluating-extended-deterrence-us-south-korea-summit

Washington Declaration outlines strengthened extended deterrence o So Ko N C G involves nuclear planning So Ko acknowledged reliance on U.S. nuclear reaffirmed commitment to the N p T declaration counters calls to develop nuclear weapons Yoon pledged coordination under the NCG relieve Korean concerns symbolizes display of U.S. defense commitment Yoon will not pursu nuc s concrete U.S. efforts to reinforce its nuclear umbrella but it will require continued assurance that the safety of So Ko is in U.S. interests


Question: Extinction breeds empathy and care

Anticipating extinction breeds empathy and entangled care. Distancing ourselves from considering extinction reifies detached elitism.

Offord, 17—Faculty of Humanities, School of Humanities Research and Graduate Studies, Bentley Campus (Baden, “BEYOND OUR NUCLEAR ENTANGLEMENT,” Angelaki, 22:3, 17-25) [ableist language modifications denoted by brackets]

when you consider the nuclear existential ethical challenge the matrix of modernity shut down our mind-set to respond We have chosen to ignore the facts to live with the possibility of planetary-scale suicide The question is whether we have capacity to end this logic responding is an imperative sense of care informed by pacifist and non-violent , de-colonialist approaches pervades your concern use scholarship to unsettle violence reconceptualise the human community to see how we can learn to co-survive struggle produce “ creative intellectual exchange that release new ethical energies for survival an anti-nuclear stance and post-nuclear activism requires shift in focus nuclear obliteration can appear abstract not our business this is the creation of a moral tyranny of distance you have to see through that and put energies into challenging that tyranny of distance


Question: Offord 17

Anticipating extinction breeds empathy and entangled care. Distancing ourselves from considering extinction reifies detached elitism.

Offord, 17—Faculty of Humanities, School of Humanities Research and Graduate Studies, Bentley Campus (Baden, “BEYOND OUR NUCLEAR ENTANGLEMENT,” Angelaki, 22:3, 17-25) [ableist language modifications denoted by brackets]

when you consider the nuclear existential ethical challenge the matrix of modernity shut down our mind-set to respond We have chosen to ignore the facts to live with the possibility of planetary-scale suicide The question is whether we have capacity to end this logic responding is an imperative sense of care informed by pacifist and non-violent , de-colonialist approaches pervades your concern use scholarship to unsettle violence reconceptualise the human community to see how we can learn to co-survive struggle produce “ creative intellectual exchange that release new ethical energies for survival an anti-nuclear stance and post-nuclear activism requires shift in focus nuclear obliteration can appear abstract not our business this is the creation of a moral tyranny of distance you have to see through that and put energies into challenging that tyranny of distance


Question: Baden Offord

Anticipating extinction breeds empathy and entangled care. Distancing ourselves from considering extinction reifies detached elitism.

Offord, 17—Faculty of Humanities, School of Humanities Research and Graduate Studies, Bentley Campus (Baden, “BEYOND OUR NUCLEAR ENTANGLEMENT,” Angelaki, 22:3, 17-25) [ableist language modifications denoted by brackets]

when you consider the nuclear existential ethical challenge the matrix of modernity shut down our mind-set to respond We have chosen to ignore the facts to live with the possibility of planetary-scale suicide The question is whether we have capacity to end this logic responding is an imperative sense of care informed by pacifist and non-violent , de-colonialist approaches pervades your concern use scholarship to unsettle violence reconceptualise the human community to see how we can learn to co-survive struggle produce “ creative intellectual exchange that release new ethical energies for survival an anti-nuclear stance and post-nuclear activism requires shift in focus nuclear obliteration can appear abstract not our business this is the creation of a moral tyranny of distance you have to see through that and put energies into challenging that tyranny of distance


Question: nuclear existential ethical challenge

Anticipating extinction breeds empathy and entangled care. Distancing ourselves from considering extinction reifies detached elitism.

Offord, 17—Faculty of Humanities, School of Humanities Research and Graduate Studies, Bentley Campus (Baden, “BEYOND OUR NUCLEAR ENTANGLEMENT,” Angelaki, 22:3, 17-25) [ableist language modifications denoted by brackets]

when you consider the nuclear existential ethical challenge the matrix of modernity shut down our mind-set to respond We have chosen to ignore the facts to live with the possibility of planetary-scale suicide The question is whether we have capacity to end this logic responding is an imperative sense of care informed by pacifist and non-violent , de-colonialist approaches pervades your concern use scholarship to unsettle violence reconceptualise the human community to see how we can learn to co-survive struggle produce “ creative intellectual exchange that release new ethical energies for survival an anti-nuclear stance and post-nuclear activism requires shift in focus nuclear obliteration can appear abstract not our business this is the creation of a moral tyranny of distance you have to see through that and put energies into challenging that tyranny of distance


Question: moral tyranny of distance

Anticipating extinction breeds empathy and entangled care. Distancing ourselves from considering extinction reifies detached elitism.

Offord, 17—Faculty of Humanities, School of Humanities Research and Graduate Studies, Bentley Campus (Baden, “BEYOND OUR NUCLEAR ENTANGLEMENT,” Angelaki, 22:3, 17-25) [ableist language modifications denoted by brackets]

when you consider the nuclear existential ethical challenge the matrix of modernity shut down our mind-set to respond We have chosen to ignore the facts to live with the possibility of planetary-scale suicide The question is whether we have capacity to end this logic responding is an imperative sense of care informed by pacifist and non-violent , de-colonialist approaches pervades your concern use scholarship to unsettle violence reconceptualise the human community to see how we can learn to co-survive struggle produce “ creative intellectual exchange that release new ethical energies for survival an anti-nuclear stance and post-nuclear activism requires shift in focus nuclear obliteration can appear abstract not our business this is the creation of a moral tyranny of distance you have to see through that and put energies into challenging that tyranny of distance


Question: reconceptualise the human community

Anticipating extinction breeds empathy and entangled care. Distancing ourselves from considering extinction reifies detached elitism.

Offord, 17—Faculty of Humanities, School of Humanities Research and Graduate Studies, Bentley Campus (Baden, “BEYOND OUR NUCLEAR ENTANGLEMENT,” Angelaki, 22:3, 17-25) [ableist language modifications denoted by brackets]

when you consider the nuclear existential ethical challenge the matrix of modernity shut down our mind-set to respond We have chosen to ignore the facts to live with the possibility of planetary-scale suicide The question is whether we have capacity to end this logic responding is an imperative sense of care informed by pacifist and non-violent , de-colonialist approaches pervades your concern use scholarship to unsettle violence reconceptualise the human community to see how we can learn to co-survive struggle produce “ creative intellectual exchange that release new ethical energies for survival an anti-nuclear stance and post-nuclear activism requires shift in focus nuclear obliteration can appear abstract not our business this is the creation of a moral tyranny of distance you have to see through that and put energies into challenging that tyranny of distance