Question: trans/queer subjectivity

When we stop and stand in the violence of the world that hates us, we become nobodies in the safety of an atmosphere of voilence

Stanley 21 [Eric A. Stanley, Stanley is the Haas Distinguished Chair in LGBT Equity and an associate professor in the Department of Gender and Women’s Studies at the University of California, Berkeley where they are also affiliated with the Program in Critical Theory., “River of Sorrow,” in ATMOSPHERES OF VIOLENCE STRUCTURING ANTAGONISM AND THE TRANS/QUEER UNGOVERNABLE, Introduction, Durham and London: Duke University Press, isbn 9781478013303, Bittner]

atmospheres summon colonization not simply gendered and racialized force but thick fog allows us to know little else Thinking atmospherically reminds there is no escape outside or place to hide through struggle collective life might come to be harm is coupled with, and intensified through equality central to modernity contingent upon violence’s continuation the liberal state can never be anything other an engine of brutality This opens up histories and futures of interdependency otherwise—a post-politics for the end of the world overkill produce an ontological limit of trans/queer subjectivity from chattel slavery to Pulse racial capitalism produces meaning and profits collectivizing practices offers an alternative to democracy becoming ungovernable—gender fugitives on the run by provoking unintelligibility — illustrates fierce strategies necessary for being a “ nobody against the state .” Against relentless violence becoming ungovernable, offer a way through in the  U S less bad becomes the only freedom If the attempt to a more perfect democracy is the order under which deadly force expands, ungovernability becomes an abolitionist way of life. Sylvia Rivera’s climb to the top of a terf -swarmed stage and her “Revolution now!” opened, by desecrating the political, cleared a path through brutality she knew as democracy’s nonchoice Ungovernability finds legal application in the court system as a charge for who live in refusal being beyond that system is to find safe passage out liberation as guerrilla warfare destitute the state refusal open possibility after options disappeared materiality of survival was never singular . intimacy of aid — offered wayward community networks of care help us learn “It’s easy to be free.” ungovernability is organized yet improvisational that revels in pleasure to collectivize refusal to “get together and abolish what is going on.  undoes incremental personhood minor acts building (end of the) world while allowing for life to fill it that reminds we never struggle alone unfinished experiment in collective action builds on itself, as pedagogies of rebellion always do getting ungovernable is a map for, “becoming liberated as we speak.” There will be widespread melting of Antarctic ice shelves even if the world achieve most ambitious climate targets mitigation of emissions hav little-to-no effect If glaciers melt sea level increase 5.3 meters warm waters melting shelves is of concern Even under 1.5 ℃ Amundsen Sea heat up three times faster Ocean warming and ice- melting are not sensitive to emissions Even if we mitigate emissions reduction would not be noticeable for decades, damage may be irreversible


Question: ungovernability is organized

When we stop and stand in the violence of the world that hates us, we become nobodies in the safety of an atmosphere of voilence

Stanley 21 [Eric A. Stanley, Stanley is the Haas Distinguished Chair in LGBT Equity and an associate professor in the Department of Gender and Women’s Studies at the University of California, Berkeley where they are also affiliated with the Program in Critical Theory., “River of Sorrow,” in ATMOSPHERES OF VIOLENCE STRUCTURING ANTAGONISM AND THE TRANS/QUEER UNGOVERNABLE, Introduction, Durham and London: Duke University Press, isbn 9781478013303, Bittner]

atmospheres summon colonization not simply gendered and racialized force but thick fog allows us to know little else Thinking atmospherically reminds there is no escape outside or place to hide through struggle collective life might come to be harm is coupled with, and intensified through equality central to modernity contingent upon violence’s continuation the liberal state can never be anything other an engine of brutality This opens up histories and futures of interdependency otherwise—a post-politics for the end of the world overkill produce an ontological limit of trans/queer subjectivity from chattel slavery to Pulse racial capitalism produces meaning and profits collectivizing practices offers an alternative to democracy becoming ungovernable—gender fugitives on the run by provoking unintelligibility — illustrates fierce strategies necessary for being a “ nobody against the state .” Against relentless violence becoming ungovernable, offer a way through in the  U S less bad becomes the only freedom If the attempt to a more perfect democracy is the order under which deadly force expands, ungovernability becomes an abolitionist way of life. Sylvia Rivera’s climb to the top of a terf -swarmed stage and her “Revolution now!” opened, by desecrating the political, cleared a path through brutality she knew as democracy’s nonchoice Ungovernability finds legal application in the court system as a charge for who live in refusal being beyond that system is to find safe passage out liberation as guerrilla warfare destitute the state refusal open possibility after options disappeared materiality of survival was never singular . intimacy of aid — offered wayward community networks of care help us learn “It’s easy to be free.” ungovernability is organized yet improvisational that revels in pleasure to collectivize refusal to “get together and abolish what is going on.  undoes incremental personhood minor acts building (end of the) world while allowing for life to fill it that reminds we never struggle alone unfinished experiment in collective action builds on itself, as pedagogies of rebellion always do getting ungovernable is a map for, “becoming liberated as we speak.” There will be widespread melting of Antarctic ice shelves even if the world achieve most ambitious climate targets mitigation of emissions hav little-to-no effect If glaciers melt sea level increase 5.3 meters warm waters melting shelves is of concern Even under 1.5 ℃ Amundsen Sea heat up three times faster Ocean warming and ice- melting are not sensitive to emissions Even if we mitigate emissions reduction would not be noticeable for decades, damage may be irreversible


Question: Err neg Trump presidency

You should err neg to avoid anything that risks handing Trump the presidency – YOU are the only guardrails – You should view uniqueness through the lens of an immediate existential threat to America as we know it from a Trump presidency – nothing else matters for the next 9 days – we can do the plan later

Bouie 10-25-24, New York Times columnist, [Jamelle, 10-25-24, New York Times, “The Guardrails Failed. Now It’s Down to Us.”, https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/25/opinion/trump-milley-kelly-esper-generals.html, accessed 10-27-24, AFB]

Kelly, said he falls general definition of fascist , It’s a far-right authoritarian , forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy Esper, told CNN that he thinks the public should take the former president “seriously” raises possibility military against American citizens. they are telling the American public their former boss will, if given the chance, plunge this country into the darkness of authoritarianism. now the only story worth telling  election. should be the only thing Americans talk about between now and Nov. 5 too many of us have acted as if democracy can run on autopilot  But it won’t . the future of the Republic is up to us. will decide whether we will continue to seek the promise of American democracy It is, the great irony of self-gov we can decide to end it. we can vote to hand away the closest thing we have, as a people, to a birthright y hope is that we don’t.  My hope is that enough of us recognize the plain fact that Trump as nat political leader to spread dangerous lie there is no amount of harm you can inflict on others that will save you,


Question: Bouie 10-25-24

You should err neg to avoid anything that risks handing Trump the presidency – YOU are the only guardrails – You should view uniqueness through the lens of an immediate existential threat to America as we know it from a Trump presidency – nothing else matters for the next 9 days – we can do the plan later

Bouie 10-25-24, New York Times columnist, [Jamelle, 10-25-24, New York Times, “The Guardrails Failed. Now It’s Down to Us.”, https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/25/opinion/trump-milley-kelly-esper-generals.html, accessed 10-27-24, AFB]

Kelly, said he falls general definition of fascist , It’s a far-right authoritarian , forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy Esper, told CNN that he thinks the public should take the former president “seriously” raises possibility military against American citizens. they are telling the American public their former boss will, if given the chance, plunge this country into the darkness of authoritarianism. now the only story worth telling  election. should be the only thing Americans talk about between now and Nov. 5 too many of us have acted as if democracy can run on autopilot  But it won’t . the future of the Republic is up to us. will decide whether we will continue to seek the promise of American democracy It is, the great irony of self-gov we can decide to end it. we can vote to hand away the closest thing we have, as a people, to a birthright y hope is that we don’t.  My hope is that enough of us recognize the plain fact that Trump as nat political leader to spread dangerous lie there is no amount of harm you can inflict on others that will save you,


Question: Trump authoritarianism

You should err neg to avoid anything that risks handing Trump the presidency – YOU are the only guardrails – You should view uniqueness through the lens of an immediate existential threat to America as we know it from a Trump presidency – nothing else matters for the next 9 days – we can do the plan later

Bouie 10-25-24, New York Times columnist, [Jamelle, 10-25-24, New York Times, “The Guardrails Failed. Now It’s Down to Us.”, https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/25/opinion/trump-milley-kelly-esper-generals.html, accessed 10-27-24, AFB]

Kelly, said he falls general definition of fascist , It’s a far-right authoritarian , forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy Esper, told CNN that he thinks the public should take the former president “seriously” raises possibility military against American citizens. they are telling the American public their former boss will, if given the chance, plunge this country into the darkness of authoritarianism. now the only story worth telling  election. should be the only thing Americans talk about between now and Nov. 5 too many of us have acted as if democracy can run on autopilot  But it won’t . the future of the Republic is up to us. will decide whether we will continue to seek the promise of American democracy It is, the great irony of self-gov we can decide to end it. we can vote to hand away the closest thing we have, as a people, to a birthright y hope is that we don’t.  My hope is that enough of us recognize the plain fact that Trump as nat political leader to spread dangerous lie there is no amount of harm you can inflict on others that will save you,


Question: Trump is a fascist

You should err neg to avoid anything that risks handing Trump the presidency – YOU are the only guardrails – You should view uniqueness through the lens of an immediate existential threat to America as we know it from a Trump presidency – nothing else matters for the next 9 days – we can do the plan later

Bouie 10-25-24, New York Times columnist, [Jamelle, 10-25-24, New York Times, “The Guardrails Failed. Now It’s Down to Us.”, https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/25/opinion/trump-milley-kelly-esper-generals.html, accessed 10-27-24, AFB]

Kelly, said he falls general definition of fascist , It’s a far-right authoritarian , forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy Esper, told CNN that he thinks the public should take the former president “seriously” raises possibility military against American citizens. they are telling the American public their former boss will, if given the chance, plunge this country into the darkness of authoritarianism. now the only story worth telling  election. should be the only thing Americans talk about between now and Nov. 5 too many of us have acted as if democracy can run on autopilot  But it won’t . the future of the Republic is up to us. will decide whether we will continue to seek the promise of American democracy It is, the great irony of self-gov we can decide to end it. we can vote to hand away the closest thing we have, as a people, to a birthright y hope is that we don’t.  My hope is that enough of us recognize the plain fact that Trump as nat political leader to spread dangerous lie there is no amount of harm you can inflict on others that will save you,


Question: Trump military against citizens

You should err neg to avoid anything that risks handing Trump the presidency – YOU are the only guardrails – You should view uniqueness through the lens of an immediate existential threat to America as we know it from a Trump presidency – nothing else matters for the next 9 days – we can do the plan later

Bouie 10-25-24, New York Times columnist, [Jamelle, 10-25-24, New York Times, “The Guardrails Failed. Now It’s Down to Us.”, https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/25/opinion/trump-milley-kelly-esper-generals.html, accessed 10-27-24, AFB]

Kelly, said he falls general definition of fascist , It’s a far-right authoritarian , forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy Esper, told CNN that he thinks the public should take the former president “seriously” raises possibility military against American citizens. they are telling the American public their former boss will, if given the chance, plunge this country into the darkness of authoritarianism. now the only story worth telling  election. should be the only thing Americans talk about between now and Nov. 5 too many of us have acted as if democracy can run on autopilot  But it won’t . the future of the Republic is up to us. will decide whether we will continue to seek the promise of American democracy It is, the great irony of self-gov we can decide to end it. we can vote to hand away the closest thing we have, as a people, to a birthright y hope is that we don’t.  My hope is that enough of us recognize the plain fact that Trump as nat political leader to spread dangerous lie there is no amount of harm you can inflict on others that will save you,


Question: vote against trump

You should err neg to avoid anything that risks handing Trump the presidency – YOU are the only guardrails – You should view uniqueness through the lens of an immediate existential threat to America as we know it from a Trump presidency – nothing else matters for the next 9 days – we can do the plan later

Bouie 10-25-24, New York Times columnist, [Jamelle, 10-25-24, New York Times, “The Guardrails Failed. Now It’s Down to Us.”, https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/25/opinion/trump-milley-kelly-esper-generals.html, accessed 10-27-24, AFB]

Kelly, said he falls general definition of fascist , It’s a far-right authoritarian , forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy Esper, told CNN that he thinks the public should take the former president “seriously” raises possibility military against American citizens. they are telling the American public their former boss will, if given the chance, plunge this country into the darkness of authoritarianism. now the only story worth telling  election. should be the only thing Americans talk about between now and Nov. 5 too many of us have acted as if democracy can run on autopilot  But it won’t . the future of the Republic is up to us. will decide whether we will continue to seek the promise of American democracy It is, the great irony of self-gov we can decide to end it. we can vote to hand away the closest thing we have, as a people, to a birthright y hope is that we don’t.  My hope is that enough of us recognize the plain fact that Trump as nat political leader to spread dangerous lie there is no amount of harm you can inflict on others that will save you,


Question: Trump destroys democracy

You should err neg to avoid anything that risks handing Trump the presidency – YOU are the only guardrails – You should view uniqueness through the lens of an immediate existential threat to America as we know it from a Trump presidency – nothing else matters for the next 9 days – we can do the plan later

Bouie 10-25-24, New York Times columnist, [Jamelle, 10-25-24, New York Times, “The Guardrails Failed. Now It’s Down to Us.”, https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/25/opinion/trump-milley-kelly-esper-generals.html, accessed 10-27-24, AFB]

Kelly, said he falls general definition of fascist , It’s a far-right authoritarian , forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy Esper, told CNN that he thinks the public should take the former president “seriously” raises possibility military against American citizens. they are telling the American public their former boss will, if given the chance, plunge this country into the darkness of authoritarianism. now the only story worth telling  election. should be the only thing Americans talk about between now and Nov. 5 too many of us have acted as if democracy can run on autopilot  But it won’t . the future of the Republic is up to us. will decide whether we will continue to seek the promise of American democracy It is, the great irony of self-gov we can decide to end it. we can vote to hand away the closest thing we have, as a people, to a birthright y hope is that we don’t.  My hope is that enough of us recognize the plain fact that Trump as nat political leader to spread dangerous lie there is no amount of harm you can inflict on others that will save you,


Question: carbon tax and inflation

5. Studies prove that effects don’t spill over to core inflation, plus independent central bank checks.

Konradt & Mauro 23 Maximilian Konradt, Geneva Graduate Institute. Beatrice Weder di Mauro, Switzerland Geneva Graduate Institute, Switzerland, INSEAD, France. “CARBON TAXATION AND GREENFLATION: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE AND CANADA” 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvad020 DOA: 11/8/24 Rslish.

findings, drawing from Europe and Canada cast doubt on view carbon tax leads to inflation find no evidence of an inflationary response any inflationary effects associated with carbon tax do not spill over to core inflation do not lead to increase in prices shock muted  independent central banks , respond to inflationary pressure


Question: Konradt & Mauro 23

5. Studies prove that effects don’t spill over to core inflation, plus independent central bank checks.

Konradt & Mauro 23 Maximilian Konradt, Geneva Graduate Institute. Beatrice Weder di Mauro, Switzerland Geneva Graduate Institute, Switzerland, INSEAD, France. “CARBON TAXATION AND GREENFLATION: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE AND CANADA” 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvad020 DOA: 11/8/24 Rslish.

findings, drawing from Europe and Canada cast doubt on view carbon tax leads to inflation find no evidence of an inflationary response any inflationary effects associated with carbon tax do not spill over to core inflation do not lead to increase in prices shock muted  independent central banks , respond to inflationary pressure


Question: independent central bank

5. Studies prove that effects don’t spill over to core inflation, plus independent central bank checks.

Konradt & Mauro 23 Maximilian Konradt, Geneva Graduate Institute. Beatrice Weder di Mauro, Switzerland Geneva Graduate Institute, Switzerland, INSEAD, France. “CARBON TAXATION AND GREENFLATION: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE AND CANADA” 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvad020 DOA: 11/8/24 Rslish.

findings, drawing from Europe and Canada cast doubt on view carbon tax leads to inflation find no evidence of an inflationary response any inflationary effects associated with carbon tax do not spill over to core inflation do not lead to increase in prices shock muted  independent central banks , respond to inflationary pressure


Question: carbon tax doesn't cause inflation

5. Studies prove that effects don’t spill over to core inflation, plus independent central bank checks.

Konradt & Mauro 23 Maximilian Konradt, Geneva Graduate Institute. Beatrice Weder di Mauro, Switzerland Geneva Graduate Institute, Switzerland, INSEAD, France. “CARBON TAXATION AND GREENFLATION: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE AND CANADA” 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvad020 DOA: 11/8/24 Rslish.

findings, drawing from Europe and Canada cast doubt on view carbon tax leads to inflation find no evidence of an inflationary response any inflationary effects associated with carbon tax do not spill over to core inflation do not lead to increase in prices shock muted  independent central banks , respond to inflationary pressure


Question: no inflationary response to carbon tax

5. Studies prove that effects don’t spill over to core inflation, plus independent central bank checks.

Konradt & Mauro 23 Maximilian Konradt, Geneva Graduate Institute. Beatrice Weder di Mauro, Switzerland Geneva Graduate Institute, Switzerland, INSEAD, France. “CARBON TAXATION AND GREENFLATION: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE AND CANADA” 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvad020 DOA: 11/8/24 Rslish.

findings, drawing from Europe and Canada cast doubt on view carbon tax leads to inflation find no evidence of an inflationary response any inflationary effects associated with carbon tax do not spill over to core inflation do not lead to increase in prices shock muted  independent central banks , respond to inflationary pressure


Question: carbon tax no spillover to core

5. Studies prove that effects don’t spill over to core inflation, plus independent central bank checks.

Konradt & Mauro 23 Maximilian Konradt, Geneva Graduate Institute. Beatrice Weder di Mauro, Switzerland Geneva Graduate Institute, Switzerland, INSEAD, France. “CARBON TAXATION AND GREENFLATION: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE AND CANADA” 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvad020 DOA: 11/8/24 Rslish.

findings, drawing from Europe and Canada cast doubt on view carbon tax leads to inflation find no evidence of an inflationary response any inflationary effects associated with carbon tax do not spill over to core inflation do not lead to increase in prices shock muted  independent central banks , respond to inflationary pressure


Question: carbon tax inflation Europe Canada

5. Studies prove that effects don’t spill over to core inflation, plus independent central bank checks.

Konradt & Mauro 23 Maximilian Konradt, Geneva Graduate Institute. Beatrice Weder di Mauro, Switzerland Geneva Graduate Institute, Switzerland, INSEAD, France. “CARBON TAXATION AND GREENFLATION: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE AND CANADA” 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvad020 DOA: 11/8/24 Rslish.

findings, drawing from Europe and Canada cast doubt on view carbon tax leads to inflation find no evidence of an inflationary response any inflationary effects associated with carbon tax do not spill over to core inflation do not lead to increase in prices shock muted  independent central banks , respond to inflationary pressure


Question: central banks check inflation

5. Studies prove that effects don’t spill over to core inflation, plus independent central bank checks.

Konradt & Mauro 23 Maximilian Konradt, Geneva Graduate Institute. Beatrice Weder di Mauro, Switzerland Geneva Graduate Institute, Switzerland, INSEAD, France. “CARBON TAXATION AND GREENFLATION: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE AND CANADA” 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvad020 DOA: 11/8/24 Rslish.

findings, drawing from Europe and Canada cast doubt on view carbon tax leads to inflation find no evidence of an inflationary response any inflationary effects associated with carbon tax do not spill over to core inflation do not lead to increase in prices shock muted  independent central banks , respond to inflationary pressure


Question: Mining destroys environment

Mining for these materials causes mass destruction to the environment

Cho 2023 [Renee regular contributor to the Columbia Climate School. She has written over 200 articles for State of the Planet on a broad range of topics. She was previously published by www.insideclimatenews.com, and other environmental magazines. Renee was Communications Coordinator for Riverkeeper, the Hudson River environmental organization. She received the Executive Education Certificate in Conservation and Sustainability from the Earth Institute Center for Environmental Sustainability. The Energy Transition Will Need More Rare Earth Elements. Can We Secure Them Sustainably? https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2023/04/05/the-energy-transition-will-need-more-rare-earth-elements-can-we-secure-them-sustainably/ Accessed 7/30/2024DMW]

Mining causes pollution of land, water, and air, spread of toxic wastes, water depletion, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and social disruption. Despite the fact that it is subject to federal and state environmental  regulations , metal mining is the number one toxic pollut It’s difficult to mine rare earth elements without causing environmental damage chemicals seep into groundwater, cause erosion, and pollute the air. drill into the ground resulting mix is then pumped into leaching ponds for separation, creating the same environmental problems because rare earth elements are often found near radioactive thorium and uranium, the waste left after rare earth elements are stored in ponds which leak and contaminate water experts say it could take 50 to 100 years to clean up the damage and restore the environmen t Mining for other minerals is polluting as well


Question: Cho 2023

Mining for these materials causes mass destruction to the environment

Cho 2023 [Renee regular contributor to the Columbia Climate School. She has written over 200 articles for State of the Planet on a broad range of topics. She was previously published by www.insideclimatenews.com, and other environmental magazines. Renee was Communications Coordinator for Riverkeeper, the Hudson River environmental organization. She received the Executive Education Certificate in Conservation and Sustainability from the Earth Institute Center for Environmental Sustainability. The Energy Transition Will Need More Rare Earth Elements. Can We Secure Them Sustainably? https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2023/04/05/the-energy-transition-will-need-more-rare-earth-elements-can-we-secure-them-sustainably/ Accessed 7/30/2024DMW]

Mining causes pollution of land, water, and air, spread of toxic wastes, water depletion, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and social disruption. Despite the fact that it is subject to federal and state environmental  regulations , metal mining is the number one toxic pollut It’s difficult to mine rare earth elements without causing environmental damage chemicals seep into groundwater, cause erosion, and pollute the air. drill into the ground resulting mix is then pumped into leaching ponds for separation, creating the same environmental problems because rare earth elements are often found near radioactive thorium and uranium, the waste left after rare earth elements are stored in ponds which leak and contaminate water experts say it could take 50 to 100 years to clean up the damage and restore the environmen t Mining for other minerals is polluting as well


Question: rare earth elements mining pollution

Mining for these materials causes mass destruction to the environment

Cho 2023 [Renee regular contributor to the Columbia Climate School. She has written over 200 articles for State of the Planet on a broad range of topics. She was previously published by www.insideclimatenews.com, and other environmental magazines. Renee was Communications Coordinator for Riverkeeper, the Hudson River environmental organization. She received the Executive Education Certificate in Conservation and Sustainability from the Earth Institute Center for Environmental Sustainability. The Energy Transition Will Need More Rare Earth Elements. Can We Secure Them Sustainably? https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2023/04/05/the-energy-transition-will-need-more-rare-earth-elements-can-we-secure-them-sustainably/ Accessed 7/30/2024DMW]

Mining causes pollution of land, water, and air, spread of toxic wastes, water depletion, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and social disruption. Despite the fact that it is subject to federal and state environmental  regulations , metal mining is the number one toxic pollut It’s difficult to mine rare earth elements without causing environmental damage chemicals seep into groundwater, cause erosion, and pollute the air. drill into the ground resulting mix is then pumped into leaching ponds for separation, creating the same environmental problems because rare earth elements are often found near radioactive thorium and uranium, the waste left after rare earth elements are stored in ponds which leak and contaminate water experts say it could take 50 to 100 years to clean up the damage and restore the environmen t Mining for other minerals is polluting as well


Question: mining causes pollution of land

Mining for these materials causes mass destruction to the environment

Cho 2023 [Renee regular contributor to the Columbia Climate School. She has written over 200 articles for State of the Planet on a broad range of topics. She was previously published by www.insideclimatenews.com, and other environmental magazines. Renee was Communications Coordinator for Riverkeeper, the Hudson River environmental organization. She received the Executive Education Certificate in Conservation and Sustainability from the Earth Institute Center for Environmental Sustainability. The Energy Transition Will Need More Rare Earth Elements. Can We Secure Them Sustainably? https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2023/04/05/the-energy-transition-will-need-more-rare-earth-elements-can-we-secure-them-sustainably/ Accessed 7/30/2024DMW]

Mining causes pollution of land, water, and air, spread of toxic wastes, water depletion, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and social disruption. Despite the fact that it is subject to federal and state environmental  regulations , metal mining is the number one toxic pollut It’s difficult to mine rare earth elements without causing environmental damage chemicals seep into groundwater, cause erosion, and pollute the air. drill into the ground resulting mix is then pumped into leaching ponds for separation, creating the same environmental problems because rare earth elements are often found near radioactive thorium and uranium, the waste left after rare earth elements are stored in ponds which leak and contaminate water experts say it could take 50 to 100 years to clean up the damage and restore the environmen t Mining for other minerals is polluting as well


Question: Mining and deforestation

Mining for these materials causes mass destruction to the environment

Cho 2023 [Renee regular contributor to the Columbia Climate School. She has written over 200 articles for State of the Planet on a broad range of topics. She was previously published by www.insideclimatenews.com, and other environmental magazines. Renee was Communications Coordinator for Riverkeeper, the Hudson River environmental organization. She received the Executive Education Certificate in Conservation and Sustainability from the Earth Institute Center for Environmental Sustainability. The Energy Transition Will Need More Rare Earth Elements. Can We Secure Them Sustainably? https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2023/04/05/the-energy-transition-will-need-more-rare-earth-elements-can-we-secure-them-sustainably/ Accessed 7/30/2024DMW]

Mining causes pollution of land, water, and air, spread of toxic wastes, water depletion, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and social disruption. Despite the fact that it is subject to federal and state environmental  regulations , metal mining is the number one toxic pollut It’s difficult to mine rare earth elements without causing environmental damage chemicals seep into groundwater, cause erosion, and pollute the air. drill into the ground resulting mix is then pumped into leaching ponds for separation, creating the same environmental problems because rare earth elements are often found near radioactive thorium and uranium, the waste left after rare earth elements are stored in ponds which leak and contaminate water experts say it could take 50 to 100 years to clean up the damage and restore the environmen t Mining for other minerals is polluting as well


Question: rare earth elements damage

Mining for these materials causes mass destruction to the environment

Cho 2023 [Renee regular contributor to the Columbia Climate School. She has written over 200 articles for State of the Planet on a broad range of topics. She was previously published by www.insideclimatenews.com, and other environmental magazines. Renee was Communications Coordinator for Riverkeeper, the Hudson River environmental organization. She received the Executive Education Certificate in Conservation and Sustainability from the Earth Institute Center for Environmental Sustainability. The Energy Transition Will Need More Rare Earth Elements. Can We Secure Them Sustainably? https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2023/04/05/the-energy-transition-will-need-more-rare-earth-elements-can-we-secure-them-sustainably/ Accessed 7/30/2024DMW]

Mining causes pollution of land, water, and air, spread of toxic wastes, water depletion, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and social disruption. Despite the fact that it is subject to federal and state environmental  regulations , metal mining is the number one toxic pollut It’s difficult to mine rare earth elements without causing environmental damage chemicals seep into groundwater, cause erosion, and pollute the air. drill into the ground resulting mix is then pumped into leaching ponds for separation, creating the same environmental problems because rare earth elements are often found near radioactive thorium and uranium, the waste left after rare earth elements are stored in ponds which leak and contaminate water experts say it could take 50 to 100 years to clean up the damage and restore the environmen t Mining for other minerals is polluting as well


Question: rare earth mining bad

Mining for these materials causes mass destruction to the environment

Cho 2023 [Renee regular contributor to the Columbia Climate School. She has written over 200 articles for State of the Planet on a broad range of topics. She was previously published by www.insideclimatenews.com, and other environmental magazines. Renee was Communications Coordinator for Riverkeeper, the Hudson River environmental organization. She received the Executive Education Certificate in Conservation and Sustainability from the Earth Institute Center for Environmental Sustainability. The Energy Transition Will Need More Rare Earth Elements. Can We Secure Them Sustainably? https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2023/04/05/the-energy-transition-will-need-more-rare-earth-elements-can-we-secure-them-sustainably/ Accessed 7/30/2024DMW]

Mining causes pollution of land, water, and air, spread of toxic wastes, water depletion, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and social disruption. Despite the fact that it is subject to federal and state environmental  regulations , metal mining is the number one toxic pollut It’s difficult to mine rare earth elements without causing environmental damage chemicals seep into groundwater, cause erosion, and pollute the air. drill into the ground resulting mix is then pumped into leaching ponds for separation, creating the same environmental problems because rare earth elements are often found near radioactive thorium and uranium, the waste left after rare earth elements are stored in ponds which leak and contaminate water experts say it could take 50 to 100 years to clean up the damage and restore the environmen t Mining for other minerals is polluting as well


Question: Algorithmic contracts inevitable

6. Algorithmic contracts are inevitable but uncertain.

Lauren Henry Scholz 17, McConnaughhay and Rissman Professor at the Florida State University College of Law, J.D. from Harvard Law School, “Algorithmic Contracts,” Stanford Technology Law Review, Vol. 20, No. 2, Fall 2017, https://ir.law.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1615&context=articles

algorithms creates uncertainty create problems humans are unlikely to foresee Businesses manage their own risks firms poke around looking for patterns once found they operate unlikely using algorithms will change given success uncertainty becomes untenable when many are using algorithms When an algorithm has unpredictable results because a business is not sure what causes positive results business manage internally problem is since algorithms are not operating within anyone’s domain no entity is keeping track of and minimizing risks for unanticipated results that lead to crises nobody understands what went wrong


Question: Lauren Henry Scholz 17

6. Algorithmic contracts are inevitable but uncertain.

Lauren Henry Scholz 17, McConnaughhay and Rissman Professor at the Florida State University College of Law, J.D. from Harvard Law School, “Algorithmic Contracts,” Stanford Technology Law Review, Vol. 20, No. 2, Fall 2017, https://ir.law.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1615&context=articles

algorithms creates uncertainty create problems humans are unlikely to foresee Businesses manage their own risks firms poke around looking for patterns once found they operate unlikely using algorithms will change given success uncertainty becomes untenable when many are using algorithms When an algorithm has unpredictable results because a business is not sure what causes positive results business manage internally problem is since algorithms are not operating within anyone’s domain no entity is keeping track of and minimizing risks for unanticipated results that lead to crises nobody understands what went wrong


Question: algorithmic contracts are uncertain

6. Algorithmic contracts are inevitable but uncertain.

Lauren Henry Scholz 17, McConnaughhay and Rissman Professor at the Florida State University College of Law, J.D. from Harvard Law School, “Algorithmic Contracts,” Stanford Technology Law Review, Vol. 20, No. 2, Fall 2017, https://ir.law.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1615&context=articles

algorithms creates uncertainty create problems humans are unlikely to foresee Businesses manage their own risks firms poke around looking for patterns once found they operate unlikely using algorithms will change given success uncertainty becomes untenable when many are using algorithms When an algorithm has unpredictable results because a business is not sure what causes positive results business manage internally problem is since algorithms are not operating within anyone’s domain no entity is keeping track of and minimizing risks for unanticipated results that lead to crises nobody understands what went wrong


Question: algorithms create uncertainty

6. Algorithmic contracts are inevitable but uncertain.

Lauren Henry Scholz 17, McConnaughhay and Rissman Professor at the Florida State University College of Law, J.D. from Harvard Law School, “Algorithmic Contracts,” Stanford Technology Law Review, Vol. 20, No. 2, Fall 2017, https://ir.law.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1615&context=articles

algorithms creates uncertainty create problems humans are unlikely to foresee Businesses manage their own risks firms poke around looking for patterns once found they operate unlikely using algorithms will change given success uncertainty becomes untenable when many are using algorithms When an algorithm has unpredictable results because a business is not sure what causes positive results business manage internally problem is since algorithms are not operating within anyone’s domain no entity is keeping track of and minimizing risks for unanticipated results that lead to crises nobody understands what went wrong


Question: algorithmic contracts risks

6. Algorithmic contracts are inevitable but uncertain.

Lauren Henry Scholz 17, McConnaughhay and Rissman Professor at the Florida State University College of Law, J.D. from Harvard Law School, “Algorithmic Contracts,” Stanford Technology Law Review, Vol. 20, No. 2, Fall 2017, https://ir.law.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1615&context=articles

algorithms creates uncertainty create problems humans are unlikely to foresee Businesses manage their own risks firms poke around looking for patterns once found they operate unlikely using algorithms will change given success uncertainty becomes untenable when many are using algorithms When an algorithm has unpredictable results because a business is not sure what causes positive results business manage internally problem is since algorithms are not operating within anyone’s domain no entity is keeping track of and minimizing risks for unanticipated results that lead to crises nobody understands what went wrong


Question: algorithmic contracts inevitable but uncertain

6. Algorithmic contracts are inevitable but uncertain.

Lauren Henry Scholz 17, McConnaughhay and Rissman Professor at the Florida State University College of Law, J.D. from Harvard Law School, “Algorithmic Contracts,” Stanford Technology Law Review, Vol. 20, No. 2, Fall 2017, https://ir.law.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1615&context=articles

algorithms creates uncertainty create problems humans are unlikely to foresee Businesses manage their own risks firms poke around looking for patterns once found they operate unlikely using algorithms will change given success uncertainty becomes untenable when many are using algorithms When an algorithm has unpredictable results because a business is not sure what causes positive results business manage internally problem is since algorithms are not operating within anyone’s domain no entity is keeping track of and minimizing risks for unanticipated results that lead to crises nobody understands what went wrong


Question: Algorithms problems humans are unlikely to foresee

6. Algorithmic contracts are inevitable but uncertain.

Lauren Henry Scholz 17, McConnaughhay and Rissman Professor at the Florida State University College of Law, J.D. from Harvard Law School, “Algorithmic Contracts,” Stanford Technology Law Review, Vol. 20, No. 2, Fall 2017, https://ir.law.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1615&context=articles

algorithms creates uncertainty create problems humans are unlikely to foresee Businesses manage their own risks firms poke around looking for patterns once found they operate unlikely using algorithms will change given success uncertainty becomes untenable when many are using algorithms When an algorithm has unpredictable results because a business is not sure what causes positive results business manage internally problem is since algorithms are not operating within anyone’s domain no entity is keeping track of and minimizing risks for unanticipated results that lead to crises nobody understands what went wrong


Question: contracts and algorithms

6. Algorithmic contracts are inevitable but uncertain.

Lauren Henry Scholz 17, McConnaughhay and Rissman Professor at the Florida State University College of Law, J.D. from Harvard Law School, “Algorithmic Contracts,” Stanford Technology Law Review, Vol. 20, No. 2, Fall 2017, https://ir.law.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1615&context=articles

algorithms creates uncertainty create problems humans are unlikely to foresee Businesses manage their own risks firms poke around looking for patterns once found they operate unlikely using algorithms will change given success uncertainty becomes untenable when many are using algorithms When an algorithm has unpredictable results because a business is not sure what causes positive results business manage internally problem is since algorithms are not operating within anyone’s domain no entity is keeping track of and minimizing risks for unanticipated results that lead to crises nobody understands what went wrong


Question: Republicans tank it

Republicans tank it.

Jennifer Scholtes 3/4, Budget and Appropriations Brief Editor for POLITICO; Nichola Wu is a Congressional Reporter at POLITICO, “Republicans Risk Hard-Liner Revolt in Latest Gambit to Avoid a Shutdown,” POLITICO, 3/4/25, https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/03/04/congress/republicans-risk-hard-liner-revolt-in-latest-gambit-to-avoid-a-shutdown-00210556, AG, accessed 3/6/25

Should Republican leaders pass funding at "flat" levels another fiscal framework is at risk: the “big, beautiful bill.” conservatives will demand changes to the measure Johnson pushed stark disagreement among House and Senate Republicans about how to adopt a budget resolution Demands for cuts to Medicaid and SNAP would rile moderate Republicans who were already wary


Question: Scholtes and Wu Politico

Republicans tank it.

Jennifer Scholtes 3/4, Budget and Appropriations Brief Editor for POLITICO; Nichola Wu is a Congressional Reporter at POLITICO, “Republicans Risk Hard-Liner Revolt in Latest Gambit to Avoid a Shutdown,” POLITICO, 3/4/25, https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/03/04/congress/republicans-risk-hard-liner-revolt-in-latest-gambit-to-avoid-a-shutdown-00210556, AG, accessed 3/6/25

Should Republican leaders pass funding at "flat" levels another fiscal framework is at risk: the “big, beautiful bill.” conservatives will demand changes to the measure Johnson pushed stark disagreement among House and Senate Republicans about how to adopt a budget resolution Demands for cuts to Medicaid and SNAP would rile moderate Republicans who were already wary


Question: Jennifer Scholtes

Republicans tank it.

Jennifer Scholtes 3/4, Budget and Appropriations Brief Editor for POLITICO; Nichola Wu is a Congressional Reporter at POLITICO, “Republicans Risk Hard-Liner Revolt in Latest Gambit to Avoid a Shutdown,” POLITICO, 3/4/25, https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/03/04/congress/republicans-risk-hard-liner-revolt-in-latest-gambit-to-avoid-a-shutdown-00210556, AG, accessed 3/6/25

Should Republican leaders pass funding at "flat" levels another fiscal framework is at risk: the “big, beautiful bill.” conservatives will demand changes to the measure Johnson pushed stark disagreement among House and Senate Republicans about how to adopt a budget resolution Demands for cuts to Medicaid and SNAP would rile moderate Republicans who were already wary


Question: Republicans risk hard liner revolt

Republicans tank it.

Jennifer Scholtes 3/4, Budget and Appropriations Brief Editor for POLITICO; Nichola Wu is a Congressional Reporter at POLITICO, “Republicans Risk Hard-Liner Revolt in Latest Gambit to Avoid a Shutdown,” POLITICO, 3/4/25, https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/03/04/congress/republicans-risk-hard-liner-revolt-in-latest-gambit-to-avoid-a-shutdown-00210556, AG, accessed 3/6/25

Should Republican leaders pass funding at "flat" levels another fiscal framework is at risk: the “big, beautiful bill.” conservatives will demand changes to the measure Johnson pushed stark disagreement among House and Senate Republicans about how to adopt a budget resolution Demands for cuts to Medicaid and SNAP would rile moderate Republicans who were already wary


Question: Budget resolution disagreement

Republicans tank it.

Jennifer Scholtes 3/4, Budget and Appropriations Brief Editor for POLITICO; Nichola Wu is a Congressional Reporter at POLITICO, “Republicans Risk Hard-Liner Revolt in Latest Gambit to Avoid a Shutdown,” POLITICO, 3/4/25, https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/03/04/congress/republicans-risk-hard-liner-revolt-in-latest-gambit-to-avoid-a-shutdown-00210556, AG, accessed 3/6/25

Should Republican leaders pass funding at "flat" levels another fiscal framework is at risk: the “big, beautiful bill.” conservatives will demand changes to the measure Johnson pushed stark disagreement among House and Senate Republicans about how to adopt a budget resolution Demands for cuts to Medicaid and SNAP would rile moderate Republicans who were already wary


Question: Funding at flat levels

Republicans tank it.

Jennifer Scholtes 3/4, Budget and Appropriations Brief Editor for POLITICO; Nichola Wu is a Congressional Reporter at POLITICO, “Republicans Risk Hard-Liner Revolt in Latest Gambit to Avoid a Shutdown,” POLITICO, 3/4/25, https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/03/04/congress/republicans-risk-hard-liner-revolt-in-latest-gambit-to-avoid-a-shutdown-00210556, AG, accessed 3/6/25

Should Republican leaders pass funding at "flat" levels another fiscal framework is at risk: the “big, beautiful bill.” conservatives will demand changes to the measure Johnson pushed stark disagreement among House and Senate Republicans about how to adopt a budget resolution Demands for cuts to Medicaid and SNAP would rile moderate Republicans who were already wary


Question: Conservatives demand changes

Republicans tank it.

Jennifer Scholtes 3/4, Budget and Appropriations Brief Editor for POLITICO; Nichola Wu is a Congressional Reporter at POLITICO, “Republicans Risk Hard-Liner Revolt in Latest Gambit to Avoid a Shutdown,” POLITICO, 3/4/25, https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/03/04/congress/republicans-risk-hard-liner-revolt-in-latest-gambit-to-avoid-a-shutdown-00210556, AG, accessed 3/6/25

Should Republican leaders pass funding at "flat" levels another fiscal framework is at risk: the “big, beautiful bill.” conservatives will demand changes to the measure Johnson pushed stark disagreement among House and Senate Republicans about how to adopt a budget resolution Demands for cuts to Medicaid and SNAP would rile moderate Republicans who were already wary


Question: Phrases entrench ableism

These phrases entrench ableism

Schalk 13 Sami Schalk - MFA in Creative Writing (Poetry) from University of Notre Dame and PhD in Gender Studies from Indiana University. Was affiliated w. The Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University at the time of this writing – now is an Assistant Prof at UW-Madison.– “Ableist Metaphors in Feminist Writing” - Disability Studies Quarterly 33(4) – September 2013 - #E&F - https://dsq-sds.org/article/view/3874/3410)

an ableist perspective undergirds explanations insofar as they assume all bodies have certain physical/cognitive/sensory experiences and that people generally use related metaphorical expressions that correspond to these experiences in text, able bodies take precedence through assumption that all bodies can  hear in normative ways nondisabled experiences are considered the universal grounding despite the fact that not even all people who see hear, speak, and walk perform and experience these actions in same way, especially given that these actions are in many ways conditioned by factors such as gender, age, and body size


Question: Schalk 13

These phrases entrench ableism

Schalk 13 Sami Schalk - MFA in Creative Writing (Poetry) from University of Notre Dame and PhD in Gender Studies from Indiana University. Was affiliated w. The Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University at the time of this writing – now is an Assistant Prof at UW-Madison.– “Ableist Metaphors in Feminist Writing” - Disability Studies Quarterly 33(4) – September 2013 - #E&F - https://dsq-sds.org/article/view/3874/3410)

an ableist perspective undergirds explanations insofar as they assume all bodies have certain physical/cognitive/sensory experiences and that people generally use related metaphorical expressions that correspond to these experiences in text, able bodies take precedence through assumption that all bodies can  hear in normative ways nondisabled experiences are considered the universal grounding despite the fact that not even all people who see hear, speak, and walk perform and experience these actions in same way, especially given that these actions are in many ways conditioned by factors such as gender, age, and body size


Question: Sami Schalk

These phrases entrench ableism

Schalk 13 Sami Schalk - MFA in Creative Writing (Poetry) from University of Notre Dame and PhD in Gender Studies from Indiana University. Was affiliated w. The Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University at the time of this writing – now is an Assistant Prof at UW-Madison.– “Ableist Metaphors in Feminist Writing” - Disability Studies Quarterly 33(4) – September 2013 - #E&F - https://dsq-sds.org/article/view/3874/3410)

an ableist perspective undergirds explanations insofar as they assume all bodies have certain physical/cognitive/sensory experiences and that people generally use related metaphorical expressions that correspond to these experiences in text, able bodies take precedence through assumption that all bodies can  hear in normative ways nondisabled experiences are considered the universal grounding despite the fact that not even all people who see hear, speak, and walk perform and experience these actions in same way, especially given that these actions are in many ways conditioned by factors such as gender, age, and body size


Question: ableist perspective

These phrases entrench ableism

Schalk 13 Sami Schalk - MFA in Creative Writing (Poetry) from University of Notre Dame and PhD in Gender Studies from Indiana University. Was affiliated w. The Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University at the time of this writing – now is an Assistant Prof at UW-Madison.– “Ableist Metaphors in Feminist Writing” - Disability Studies Quarterly 33(4) – September 2013 - #E&F - https://dsq-sds.org/article/view/3874/3410)

an ableist perspective undergirds explanations insofar as they assume all bodies have certain physical/cognitive/sensory experiences and that people generally use related metaphorical expressions that correspond to these experiences in text, able bodies take precedence through assumption that all bodies can  hear in normative ways nondisabled experiences are considered the universal grounding despite the fact that not even all people who see hear, speak, and walk perform and experience these actions in same way, especially given that these actions are in many ways conditioned by factors such as gender, age, and body size


Question: bodies physical cognitive sensory experiences

These phrases entrench ableism

Schalk 13 Sami Schalk - MFA in Creative Writing (Poetry) from University of Notre Dame and PhD in Gender Studies from Indiana University. Was affiliated w. The Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University at the time of this writing – now is an Assistant Prof at UW-Madison.– “Ableist Metaphors in Feminist Writing” - Disability Studies Quarterly 33(4) – September 2013 - #E&F - https://dsq-sds.org/article/view/3874/3410)

an ableist perspective undergirds explanations insofar as they assume all bodies have certain physical/cognitive/sensory experiences and that people generally use related metaphorical expressions that correspond to these experiences in text, able bodies take precedence through assumption that all bodies can  hear in normative ways nondisabled experiences are considered the universal grounding despite the fact that not even all people who see hear, speak, and walk perform and experience these actions in same way, especially given that these actions are in many ways conditioned by factors such as gender, age, and body size


Question: ableist metaphors feminist writing

These phrases entrench ableism

Schalk 13 Sami Schalk - MFA in Creative Writing (Poetry) from University of Notre Dame and PhD in Gender Studies from Indiana University. Was affiliated w. The Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University at the time of this writing – now is an Assistant Prof at UW-Madison.– “Ableist Metaphors in Feminist Writing” - Disability Studies Quarterly 33(4) – September 2013 - #E&F - https://dsq-sds.org/article/view/3874/3410)

an ableist perspective undergirds explanations insofar as they assume all bodies have certain physical/cognitive/sensory experiences and that people generally use related metaphorical expressions that correspond to these experiences in text, able bodies take precedence through assumption that all bodies can  hear in normative ways nondisabled experiences are considered the universal grounding despite the fact that not even all people who see hear, speak, and walk perform and experience these actions in same way, especially given that these actions are in many ways conditioned by factors such as gender, age, and body size


Question: able bodies take precedence

These phrases entrench ableism

Schalk 13 Sami Schalk - MFA in Creative Writing (Poetry) from University of Notre Dame and PhD in Gender Studies from Indiana University. Was affiliated w. The Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University at the time of this writing – now is an Assistant Prof at UW-Madison.– “Ableist Metaphors in Feminist Writing” - Disability Studies Quarterly 33(4) – September 2013 - #E&F - https://dsq-sds.org/article/view/3874/3410)

an ableist perspective undergirds explanations insofar as they assume all bodies have certain physical/cognitive/sensory experiences and that people generally use related metaphorical expressions that correspond to these experiences in text, able bodies take precedence through assumption that all bodies can  hear in normative ways nondisabled experiences are considered the universal grounding despite the fact that not even all people who see hear, speak, and walk perform and experience these actions in same way, especially given that these actions are in many ways conditioned by factors such as gender, age, and body size


Question: dissolutionism flattens nuance

The 1AC’s dissolutionism flattens nuance and ruins analytic purchase.

Kornbluh, 23—Professor of English at the University of Illinois, Chicago (Anna, “Prospective criticism: on private and public things,” Textual Practice, 37:2, 256-278, dml)

dissolutionism ’ extrapolat aesthetic qualities into political ideals conflating formlessness with virtue puts the critic , at odds with the inherently unfixable and blur away political problems evident at a closer scale ’ theory has coincided with a consolidation of right-wing power to wither the state as legitimate objects negating any claims on the state ’ this anti-political quality has been embraced Harney and Moten submit fugitivity as flight Rather than distinguish the university and the prison Harney and Moten assimilate such flattening actively disarm the project through generalising everything into policing the point is to ruin as much analytic equipment as possible ’ A vision that paints every formation with the same brush can only aggrandis the critic dissolutionism has muted proposing of good ideas from the very most qualified to argue that all humans deserve education healthcare housing so that they can freely exercise and make these interventions in appealing statements we have conflated normative visions with violence What comes after burning it all down ?


Question: Kornbluh 23

The 1AC’s dissolutionism flattens nuance and ruins analytic purchase.

Kornbluh, 23—Professor of English at the University of Illinois, Chicago (Anna, “Prospective criticism: on private and public things,” Textual Practice, 37:2, 256-278, dml)

dissolutionism ’ extrapolat aesthetic qualities into political ideals conflating formlessness with virtue puts the critic , at odds with the inherently unfixable and blur away political problems evident at a closer scale ’ theory has coincided with a consolidation of right-wing power to wither the state as legitimate objects negating any claims on the state ’ this anti-political quality has been embraced Harney and Moten submit fugitivity as flight Rather than distinguish the university and the prison Harney and Moten assimilate such flattening actively disarm the project through generalising everything into policing the point is to ruin as much analytic equipment as possible ’ A vision that paints every formation with the same brush can only aggrandis the critic dissolutionism has muted proposing of good ideas from the very most qualified to argue that all humans deserve education healthcare housing so that they can freely exercise and make these interventions in appealing statements we have conflated normative visions with violence What comes after burning it all down ?


Question: anna kornbluh

The 1AC’s dissolutionism flattens nuance and ruins analytic purchase.

Kornbluh, 23—Professor of English at the University of Illinois, Chicago (Anna, “Prospective criticism: on private and public things,” Textual Practice, 37:2, 256-278, dml)

dissolutionism ’ extrapolat aesthetic qualities into political ideals conflating formlessness with virtue puts the critic , at odds with the inherently unfixable and blur away political problems evident at a closer scale ’ theory has coincided with a consolidation of right-wing power to wither the state as legitimate objects negating any claims on the state ’ this anti-political quality has been embraced Harney and Moten submit fugitivity as flight Rather than distinguish the university and the prison Harney and Moten assimilate such flattening actively disarm the project through generalising everything into policing the point is to ruin as much analytic equipment as possible ’ A vision that paints every formation with the same brush can only aggrandis the critic dissolutionism has muted proposing of good ideas from the very most qualified to argue that all humans deserve education healthcare housing so that they can freely exercise and make these interventions in appealing statements we have conflated normative visions with violence What comes after burning it all down ?


Question: dissolutionism ruins analytic purchase

The 1AC’s dissolutionism flattens nuance and ruins analytic purchase.

Kornbluh, 23—Professor of English at the University of Illinois, Chicago (Anna, “Prospective criticism: on private and public things,” Textual Practice, 37:2, 256-278, dml)

dissolutionism ’ extrapolat aesthetic qualities into political ideals conflating formlessness with virtue puts the critic , at odds with the inherently unfixable and blur away political problems evident at a closer scale ’ theory has coincided with a consolidation of right-wing power to wither the state as legitimate objects negating any claims on the state ’ this anti-political quality has been embraced Harney and Moten submit fugitivity as flight Rather than distinguish the university and the prison Harney and Moten assimilate such flattening actively disarm the project through generalising everything into policing the point is to ruin as much analytic equipment as possible ’ A vision that paints every formation with the same brush can only aggrandis the critic dissolutionism has muted proposing of good ideas from the very most qualified to argue that all humans deserve education healthcare housing so that they can freely exercise and make these interventions in appealing statements we have conflated normative visions with violence What comes after burning it all down ?


Question: right-wing power

The 1AC’s dissolutionism flattens nuance and ruins analytic purchase.

Kornbluh, 23—Professor of English at the University of Illinois, Chicago (Anna, “Prospective criticism: on private and public things,” Textual Practice, 37:2, 256-278, dml)

dissolutionism ’ extrapolat aesthetic qualities into political ideals conflating formlessness with virtue puts the critic , at odds with the inherently unfixable and blur away political problems evident at a closer scale ’ theory has coincided with a consolidation of right-wing power to wither the state as legitimate objects negating any claims on the state ’ this anti-political quality has been embraced Harney and Moten submit fugitivity as flight Rather than distinguish the university and the prison Harney and Moten assimilate such flattening actively disarm the project through generalising everything into policing the point is to ruin as much analytic equipment as possible ’ A vision that paints every formation with the same brush can only aggrandis the critic dissolutionism has muted proposing of good ideas from the very most qualified to argue that all humans deserve education healthcare housing so that they can freely exercise and make these interventions in appealing statements we have conflated normative visions with violence What comes after burning it all down ?


Question: dissolutionism conflates formlessness with virtue

The 1AC’s dissolutionism flattens nuance and ruins analytic purchase.

Kornbluh, 23—Professor of English at the University of Illinois, Chicago (Anna, “Prospective criticism: on private and public things,” Textual Practice, 37:2, 256-278, dml)

dissolutionism ’ extrapolat aesthetic qualities into political ideals conflating formlessness with virtue puts the critic , at odds with the inherently unfixable and blur away political problems evident at a closer scale ’ theory has coincided with a consolidation of right-wing power to wither the state as legitimate objects negating any claims on the state ’ this anti-political quality has been embraced Harney and Moten submit fugitivity as flight Rather than distinguish the university and the prison Harney and Moten assimilate such flattening actively disarm the project through generalising everything into policing the point is to ruin as much analytic equipment as possible ’ A vision that paints every formation with the same brush can only aggrandis the critic dissolutionism has muted proposing of good ideas from the very most qualified to argue that all humans deserve education healthcare housing so that they can freely exercise and make these interventions in appealing statements we have conflated normative visions with violence What comes after burning it all down ?


Question: flattening actively disarm the project

The 1AC’s dissolutionism flattens nuance and ruins analytic purchase.

Kornbluh, 23—Professor of English at the University of Illinois, Chicago (Anna, “Prospective criticism: on private and public things,” Textual Practice, 37:2, 256-278, dml)

dissolutionism ’ extrapolat aesthetic qualities into political ideals conflating formlessness with virtue puts the critic , at odds with the inherently unfixable and blur away political problems evident at a closer scale ’ theory has coincided with a consolidation of right-wing power to wither the state as legitimate objects negating any claims on the state ’ this anti-political quality has been embraced Harney and Moten submit fugitivity as flight Rather than distinguish the university and the prison Harney and Moten assimilate such flattening actively disarm the project through generalising everything into policing the point is to ruin as much analytic equipment as possible ’ A vision that paints every formation with the same brush can only aggrandis the critic dissolutionism has muted proposing of good ideas from the very most qualified to argue that all humans deserve education healthcare housing so that they can freely exercise and make these interventions in appealing statements we have conflated normative visions with violence What comes after burning it all down ?


Question: For means in favor of

‘For’ means ‘in favor of.’ The plan is ‘for’ decarbonization as long as it benefits the overall aim of decarbonization.

Fitzgerald Smith 13, Justice, Illinois Appellate Court, 1/17/13, opinion of the Court in AMERICAN ZURICH INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WILCOX AND CHRISTOPOULOS, L.L.C., n/k/a The Christopoulos Law Firm, Defendant-Appellee (Mark Wilcox and Michael Demnicki, Defendants), https://www.illinoiscourts.gov/Resources/5595d86d-2574-4d63-b0ab-6a8a1c1939c8/1120402.pdf

“for” means for the “benefit of American Heritage definition of for” as beneficiary of action on behalf of in favor of ,” all mean “for the benefit of


Question: Fitzgerald Smith 13

‘For’ means ‘in favor of.’ The plan is ‘for’ decarbonization as long as it benefits the overall aim of decarbonization.

Fitzgerald Smith 13, Justice, Illinois Appellate Court, 1/17/13, opinion of the Court in AMERICAN ZURICH INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WILCOX AND CHRISTOPOULOS, L.L.C., n/k/a The Christopoulos Law Firm, Defendant-Appellee (Mark Wilcox and Michael Demnicki, Defendants), https://www.illinoiscourts.gov/Resources/5595d86d-2574-4d63-b0ab-6a8a1c1939c8/1120402.pdf

“for” means for the “benefit of American Heritage definition of for” as beneficiary of action on behalf of in favor of ,” all mean “for the benefit of


Question: For means benefit of

‘For’ means ‘in favor of.’ The plan is ‘for’ decarbonization as long as it benefits the overall aim of decarbonization.

Fitzgerald Smith 13, Justice, Illinois Appellate Court, 1/17/13, opinion of the Court in AMERICAN ZURICH INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WILCOX AND CHRISTOPOULOS, L.L.C., n/k/a The Christopoulos Law Firm, Defendant-Appellee (Mark Wilcox and Michael Demnicki, Defendants), https://www.illinoiscourts.gov/Resources/5595d86d-2574-4d63-b0ab-6a8a1c1939c8/1120402.pdf

“for” means for the “benefit of American Heritage definition of for” as beneficiary of action on behalf of in favor of ,” all mean “for the benefit of


Question: Definition of for

‘For’ means ‘in favor of.’ The plan is ‘for’ decarbonization as long as it benefits the overall aim of decarbonization.

Fitzgerald Smith 13, Justice, Illinois Appellate Court, 1/17/13, opinion of the Court in AMERICAN ZURICH INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WILCOX AND CHRISTOPOULOS, L.L.C., n/k/a The Christopoulos Law Firm, Defendant-Appellee (Mark Wilcox and Michael Demnicki, Defendants), https://www.illinoiscourts.gov/Resources/5595d86d-2574-4d63-b0ab-6a8a1c1939c8/1120402.pdf

“for” means for the “benefit of American Heritage definition of for” as beneficiary of action on behalf of in favor of ,” all mean “for the benefit of


Question: for decarbonization

‘For’ means ‘in favor of.’ The plan is ‘for’ decarbonization as long as it benefits the overall aim of decarbonization.

Fitzgerald Smith 13, Justice, Illinois Appellate Court, 1/17/13, opinion of the Court in AMERICAN ZURICH INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WILCOX AND CHRISTOPOULOS, L.L.C., n/k/a The Christopoulos Law Firm, Defendant-Appellee (Mark Wilcox and Michael Demnicki, Defendants), https://www.illinoiscourts.gov/Resources/5595d86d-2574-4d63-b0ab-6a8a1c1939c8/1120402.pdf

“for” means for the “benefit of American Heritage definition of for” as beneficiary of action on behalf of in favor of ,” all mean “for the benefit of


Question: in favor of

‘For’ means ‘in favor of.’ The plan is ‘for’ decarbonization as long as it benefits the overall aim of decarbonization.

Fitzgerald Smith 13, Justice, Illinois Appellate Court, 1/17/13, opinion of the Court in AMERICAN ZURICH INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WILCOX AND CHRISTOPOULOS, L.L.C., n/k/a The Christopoulos Law Firm, Defendant-Appellee (Mark Wilcox and Michael Demnicki, Defendants), https://www.illinoiscourts.gov/Resources/5595d86d-2574-4d63-b0ab-6a8a1c1939c8/1120402.pdf

“for” means for the “benefit of American Heritage definition of for” as beneficiary of action on behalf of in favor of ,” all mean “for the benefit of


Question: benefit of action

‘For’ means ‘in favor of.’ The plan is ‘for’ decarbonization as long as it benefits the overall aim of decarbonization.

Fitzgerald Smith 13, Justice, Illinois Appellate Court, 1/17/13, opinion of the Court in AMERICAN ZURICH INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WILCOX AND CHRISTOPOULOS, L.L.C., n/k/a The Christopoulos Law Firm, Defendant-Appellee (Mark Wilcox and Michael Demnicki, Defendants), https://www.illinoiscourts.gov/Resources/5595d86d-2574-4d63-b0ab-6a8a1c1939c8/1120402.pdf

“for” means for the “benefit of American Heritage definition of for” as beneficiary of action on behalf of in favor of ,” all mean “for the benefit of


Question: American Heritage definition

‘For’ means ‘in favor of.’ The plan is ‘for’ decarbonization as long as it benefits the overall aim of decarbonization.

Fitzgerald Smith 13, Justice, Illinois Appellate Court, 1/17/13, opinion of the Court in AMERICAN ZURICH INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WILCOX AND CHRISTOPOULOS, L.L.C., n/k/a The Christopoulos Law Firm, Defendant-Appellee (Mark Wilcox and Michael Demnicki, Defendants), https://www.illinoiscourts.gov/Resources/5595d86d-2574-4d63-b0ab-6a8a1c1939c8/1120402.pdf

“for” means for the “benefit of American Heritage definition of for” as beneficiary of action on behalf of in favor of ,” all mean “for the benefit of


Question: ICJ unilateral declarations manifest intent

The ICJ will say: unilateral declarations that manifest intent are binding---that gets the U.S. on board.

Radavoi ’18 [Ciprian N.; Spring 2018; Lecturer in Law, University of New England, Australia, “Indirect Responsibility in Development Lending: Do Multilateral Banks Have an Obligation to Monitor Project Loans?,” 53 Tex. Int'l L.J. 1, Spring 2018]

voluntarily assumed standards by subjects of i law can be taken seriously as Unilateral Declarations binding based on  good faith [W]hether the act breach treaty or rule is not relevant responsibility will result when the org does not live up to unilateral promises can bind unilaterally give rise to obligations must “[manifest] will to be bound when intention are fulfilled declarations are binding


Question: Radavoi 18

The ICJ will say: unilateral declarations that manifest intent are binding---that gets the U.S. on board.

Radavoi ’18 [Ciprian N.; Spring 2018; Lecturer in Law, University of New England, Australia, “Indirect Responsibility in Development Lending: Do Multilateral Banks Have an Obligation to Monitor Project Loans?,” 53 Tex. Int'l L.J. 1, Spring 2018]

voluntarily assumed standards by subjects of i law can be taken seriously as Unilateral Declarations binding based on  good faith [W]hether the act breach treaty or rule is not relevant responsibility will result when the org does not live up to unilateral promises can bind unilaterally give rise to obligations must “[manifest] will to be bound when intention are fulfilled declarations are binding


Question: ICJ unilateral declarations binding

The ICJ will say: unilateral declarations that manifest intent are binding---that gets the U.S. on board.

Radavoi ’18 [Ciprian N.; Spring 2018; Lecturer in Law, University of New England, Australia, “Indirect Responsibility in Development Lending: Do Multilateral Banks Have an Obligation to Monitor Project Loans?,” 53 Tex. Int'l L.J. 1, Spring 2018]

voluntarily assumed standards by subjects of i law can be taken seriously as Unilateral Declarations binding based on  good faith [W]hether the act breach treaty or rule is not relevant responsibility will result when the org does not live up to unilateral promises can bind unilaterally give rise to obligations must “[manifest] will to be bound when intention are fulfilled declarations are binding


Question: Unilateral declarations are binding

The ICJ will say: unilateral declarations that manifest intent are binding---that gets the U.S. on board.

Radavoi ’18 [Ciprian N.; Spring 2018; Lecturer in Law, University of New England, Australia, “Indirect Responsibility in Development Lending: Do Multilateral Banks Have an Obligation to Monitor Project Loans?,” 53 Tex. Int'l L.J. 1, Spring 2018]

voluntarily assumed standards by subjects of i law can be taken seriously as Unilateral Declarations binding based on  good faith [W]hether the act breach treaty or rule is not relevant responsibility will result when the org does not live up to unilateral promises can bind unilaterally give rise to obligations must “[manifest] will to be bound when intention are fulfilled declarations are binding


Question: International law standards

The ICJ will say: unilateral declarations that manifest intent are binding---that gets the U.S. on board.

Radavoi ’18 [Ciprian N.; Spring 2018; Lecturer in Law, University of New England, Australia, “Indirect Responsibility in Development Lending: Do Multilateral Banks Have an Obligation to Monitor Project Loans?,” 53 Tex. Int'l L.J. 1, Spring 2018]

voluntarily assumed standards by subjects of i law can be taken seriously as Unilateral Declarations binding based on  good faith [W]hether the act breach treaty or rule is not relevant responsibility will result when the org does not live up to unilateral promises can bind unilaterally give rise to obligations must “[manifest] will to be bound when intention are fulfilled declarations are binding


Question: subjects of i law

The ICJ will say: unilateral declarations that manifest intent are binding---that gets the U.S. on board.

Radavoi ’18 [Ciprian N.; Spring 2018; Lecturer in Law, University of New England, Australia, “Indirect Responsibility in Development Lending: Do Multilateral Banks Have an Obligation to Monitor Project Loans?,” 53 Tex. Int'l L.J. 1, Spring 2018]

voluntarily assumed standards by subjects of i law can be taken seriously as Unilateral Declarations binding based on  good faith [W]hether the act breach treaty or rule is not relevant responsibility will result when the org does not live up to unilateral promises can bind unilaterally give rise to obligations must “[manifest] will to be bound when intention are fulfilled declarations are binding


Question: multilateral banks obligation to monitor

The ICJ will say: unilateral declarations that manifest intent are binding---that gets the U.S. on board.

Radavoi ’18 [Ciprian N.; Spring 2018; Lecturer in Law, University of New England, Australia, “Indirect Responsibility in Development Lending: Do Multilateral Banks Have an Obligation to Monitor Project Loans?,” 53 Tex. Int'l L.J. 1, Spring 2018]

voluntarily assumed standards by subjects of i law can be taken seriously as Unilateral Declarations binding based on  good faith [W]hether the act breach treaty or rule is not relevant responsibility will result when the org does not live up to unilateral promises can bind unilaterally give rise to obligations must “[manifest] will to be bound when intention are fulfilled declarations are binding


Question: ICJ U.S. on board

The ICJ will say: unilateral declarations that manifest intent are binding---that gets the U.S. on board.

Radavoi ’18 [Ciprian N.; Spring 2018; Lecturer in Law, University of New England, Australia, “Indirect Responsibility in Development Lending: Do Multilateral Banks Have an Obligation to Monitor Project Loans?,” 53 Tex. Int'l L.J. 1, Spring 2018]

voluntarily assumed standards by subjects of i law can be taken seriously as Unilateral Declarations binding based on  good faith [W]hether the act breach treaty or rule is not relevant responsibility will result when the org does not live up to unilateral promises can bind unilaterally give rise to obligations must “[manifest] will to be bound when intention are fulfilled declarations are binding


Question: IRA solved advantage

IRA solved the advantage – the carrot approach put the us into the limelight.

John Siciliano 24 (holds a Master of Science in Education from Franciscan University of Steubenville. He writes for S&P global with a focus on international and scientific events. “IRA Could Spur Trillions in Spending, Unseat Europe as Climate Leader – Analysts.” Spglobal.com, 25 Jan. 2024, www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/ira-could-spur-trillions-in-spending-unseat-europe-as-climate-leader-8211-analysts-80144847. Accessed 24 July 2024.)Rinehart.

US is assuming the role of global climate leader with passage of the I R A analysts said the "carrot" approach pushed US into global limelight as climate leader IRA places the US as leader in tightening clean energy supply chains projects 800 billion will be spent spending projection up with private sector investment swelling to over $3 trillion this dynamic  will force  to harmonize with US policies


Question: John Siciliano 24

IRA solved the advantage – the carrot approach put the us into the limelight.

John Siciliano 24 (holds a Master of Science in Education from Franciscan University of Steubenville. He writes for S&P global with a focus on international and scientific events. “IRA Could Spur Trillions in Spending, Unseat Europe as Climate Leader – Analysts.” Spglobal.com, 25 Jan. 2024, www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/ira-could-spur-trillions-in-spending-unseat-europe-as-climate-leader-8211-analysts-80144847. Accessed 24 July 2024.)Rinehart.

US is assuming the role of global climate leader with passage of the I R A analysts said the "carrot" approach pushed US into global limelight as climate leader IRA places the US as leader in tightening clean energy supply chains projects 800 billion will be spent spending projection up with private sector investment swelling to over $3 trillion this dynamic  will force  to harmonize with US policies


Question: US climate leader

IRA solved the advantage – the carrot approach put the us into the limelight.

John Siciliano 24 (holds a Master of Science in Education from Franciscan University of Steubenville. He writes for S&P global with a focus on international and scientific events. “IRA Could Spur Trillions in Spending, Unseat Europe as Climate Leader – Analysts.” Spglobal.com, 25 Jan. 2024, www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/ira-could-spur-trillions-in-spending-unseat-europe-as-climate-leader-8211-analysts-80144847. Accessed 24 July 2024.)Rinehart.

US is assuming the role of global climate leader with passage of the I R A analysts said the "carrot" approach pushed US into global limelight as climate leader IRA places the US as leader in tightening clean energy supply chains projects 800 billion will be spent spending projection up with private sector investment swelling to over $3 trillion this dynamic  will force  to harmonize with US policies


Question: IRA carrot approach US leader

IRA solved the advantage – the carrot approach put the us into the limelight.

John Siciliano 24 (holds a Master of Science in Education from Franciscan University of Steubenville. He writes for S&P global with a focus on international and scientific events. “IRA Could Spur Trillions in Spending, Unseat Europe as Climate Leader – Analysts.” Spglobal.com, 25 Jan. 2024, www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/ira-could-spur-trillions-in-spending-unseat-europe-as-climate-leader-8211-analysts-80144847. Accessed 24 July 2024.)Rinehart.

US is assuming the role of global climate leader with passage of the I R A analysts said the "carrot" approach pushed US into global limelight as climate leader IRA places the US as leader in tightening clean energy supply chains projects 800 billion will be spent spending projection up with private sector investment swelling to over $3 trillion this dynamic  will force  to harmonize with US policies


Question: IRA spending trillions

IRA solved the advantage – the carrot approach put the us into the limelight.

John Siciliano 24 (holds a Master of Science in Education from Franciscan University of Steubenville. He writes for S&P global with a focus on international and scientific events. “IRA Could Spur Trillions in Spending, Unseat Europe as Climate Leader – Analysts.” Spglobal.com, 25 Jan. 2024, www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/ira-could-spur-trillions-in-spending-unseat-europe-as-climate-leader-8211-analysts-80144847. Accessed 24 July 2024.)Rinehart.

US is assuming the role of global climate leader with passage of the I R A analysts said the "carrot" approach pushed US into global limelight as climate leader IRA places the US as leader in tightening clean energy supply chains projects 800 billion will be spent spending projection up with private sector investment swelling to over $3 trillion this dynamic  will force  to harmonize with US policies


Question: IRA clean energy

IRA solved the advantage – the carrot approach put the us into the limelight.

John Siciliano 24 (holds a Master of Science in Education from Franciscan University of Steubenville. He writes for S&P global with a focus on international and scientific events. “IRA Could Spur Trillions in Spending, Unseat Europe as Climate Leader – Analysts.” Spglobal.com, 25 Jan. 2024, www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/ira-could-spur-trillions-in-spending-unseat-europe-as-climate-leader-8211-analysts-80144847. Accessed 24 July 2024.)Rinehart.

US is assuming the role of global climate leader with passage of the I R A analysts said the "carrot" approach pushed US into global limelight as climate leader IRA places the US as leader in tightening clean energy supply chains projects 800 billion will be spent spending projection up with private sector investment swelling to over $3 trillion this dynamic  will force  to harmonize with US policies


Question: US climate leadership good

IRA solved the advantage – the carrot approach put the us into the limelight.

John Siciliano 24 (holds a Master of Science in Education from Franciscan University of Steubenville. He writes for S&P global with a focus on international and scientific events. “IRA Could Spur Trillions in Spending, Unseat Europe as Climate Leader – Analysts.” Spglobal.com, 25 Jan. 2024, www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/ira-could-spur-trillions-in-spending-unseat-europe-as-climate-leader-8211-analysts-80144847. Accessed 24 July 2024.)Rinehart.

US is assuming the role of global climate leader with passage of the I R A analysts said the "carrot" approach pushed US into global limelight as climate leader IRA places the US as leader in tightening clean energy supply chains projects 800 billion will be spent spending projection up with private sector investment swelling to over $3 trillion this dynamic  will force  to harmonize with US policies


Question: Population growth exceeds limits

3. POPULATION GROWTH---exceeds limits and zeros efficiency gains.

Lowe ’21 [Ian; 12/10/21; Emeritus Professor of Science, Technology and Society and former Head of the School of Science at Griffith University, adjunct professor at Sunshine Coast University and Flinders University; "Population Growth," in Sustainability and the New Economics, p. 107-121]

damaging natural systems population still grow computer model analyse consequences showed limits by 2070 collapse starting by 2030 expanding population put compounding pressure on systems jeopardising our future by not reining in population growth present population already excee d limits life will collapse degrowth offer futures that could be sustainable


Question: Lowe '21 population growth bad

3. POPULATION GROWTH---exceeds limits and zeros efficiency gains.

Lowe ’21 [Ian; 12/10/21; Emeritus Professor of Science, Technology and Society and former Head of the School of Science at Griffith University, adjunct professor at Sunshine Coast University and Flinders University; "Population Growth," in Sustainability and the New Economics, p. 107-121]

damaging natural systems population still grow computer model analyse consequences showed limits by 2070 collapse starting by 2030 expanding population put compounding pressure on systems jeopardising our future by not reining in population growth present population already excee d limits life will collapse degrowth offer futures that could be sustainable


Question: Ian Lowe population growth

3. POPULATION GROWTH---exceeds limits and zeros efficiency gains.

Lowe ’21 [Ian; 12/10/21; Emeritus Professor of Science, Technology and Society and former Head of the School of Science at Griffith University, adjunct professor at Sunshine Coast University and Flinders University; "Population Growth," in Sustainability and the New Economics, p. 107-121]

damaging natural systems population still grow computer model analyse consequences showed limits by 2070 collapse starting by 2030 expanding population put compounding pressure on systems jeopardising our future by not reining in population growth present population already excee d limits life will collapse degrowth offer futures that could be sustainable


Question: Population growth damaging natural systems

3. POPULATION GROWTH---exceeds limits and zeros efficiency gains.

Lowe ’21 [Ian; 12/10/21; Emeritus Professor of Science, Technology and Society and former Head of the School of Science at Griffith University, adjunct professor at Sunshine Coast University and Flinders University; "Population Growth," in Sustainability and the New Economics, p. 107-121]

damaging natural systems population still grow computer model analyse consequences showed limits by 2070 collapse starting by 2030 expanding population put compounding pressure on systems jeopardising our future by not reining in population growth present population already excee d limits life will collapse degrowth offer futures that could be sustainable


Question: Limits by 2070 collapse 2030

3. POPULATION GROWTH---exceeds limits and zeros efficiency gains.

Lowe ’21 [Ian; 12/10/21; Emeritus Professor of Science, Technology and Society and former Head of the School of Science at Griffith University, adjunct professor at Sunshine Coast University and Flinders University; "Population Growth," in Sustainability and the New Economics, p. 107-121]

damaging natural systems population still grow computer model analyse consequences showed limits by 2070 collapse starting by 2030 expanding population put compounding pressure on systems jeopardising our future by not reining in population growth present population already excee d limits life will collapse degrowth offer futures that could be sustainable


Question: Population growth jeopardizing our future

3. POPULATION GROWTH---exceeds limits and zeros efficiency gains.

Lowe ’21 [Ian; 12/10/21; Emeritus Professor of Science, Technology and Society and former Head of the School of Science at Griffith University, adjunct professor at Sunshine Coast University and Flinders University; "Population Growth," in Sustainability and the New Economics, p. 107-121]

damaging natural systems population still grow computer model analyse consequences showed limits by 2070 collapse starting by 2030 expanding population put compounding pressure on systems jeopardising our future by not reining in population growth present population already excee d limits life will collapse degrowth offer futures that could be sustainable


Question: Population exceeds limits

3. POPULATION GROWTH---exceeds limits and zeros efficiency gains.

Lowe ’21 [Ian; 12/10/21; Emeritus Professor of Science, Technology and Society and former Head of the School of Science at Griffith University, adjunct professor at Sunshine Coast University and Flinders University; "Population Growth," in Sustainability and the New Economics, p. 107-121]

damaging natural systems population still grow computer model analyse consequences showed limits by 2070 collapse starting by 2030 expanding population put compounding pressure on systems jeopardising our future by not reining in population growth present population already excee d limits life will collapse degrowth offer futures that could be sustainable


Question: Degrowth offer sustainable futures

3. POPULATION GROWTH---exceeds limits and zeros efficiency gains.

Lowe ’21 [Ian; 12/10/21; Emeritus Professor of Science, Technology and Society and former Head of the School of Science at Griffith University, adjunct professor at Sunshine Coast University and Flinders University; "Population Growth," in Sustainability and the New Economics, p. 107-121]

damaging natural systems population still grow computer model analyse consequences showed limits by 2070 collapse starting by 2030 expanding population put compounding pressure on systems jeopardising our future by not reining in population growth present population already excee d limits life will collapse degrowth offer futures that could be sustainable


Question: Trump trade wars on day one

1 -- Double Bind – Either  Trump ignites global trade wars on day one.

Economist 11-7, (11-7-2024, “The world faces its worst trade wars since the 1930s,” The Telegram, https://www.economist.com/international/2024/11/07/the-world-faces-its-worst-trade-wars-since-the-1930s)

THE WORLD stands on the brink of multiple trade wars unleashed by Trump reluctant clashes will follow by blocs whose prosperity depends on foreign markets trade-friendly governments feel obliged to retaliate Trump returns with a mandate to impose tax rises on trade on a historic scale threatening China with 60% tariff taxing Mexican cars 500% and flat tariff of 20%. openness to dealmaking should not distract from the magnitude Trump can raise tariffs on day one under Section 301 He could announce a fresh probe to address “new misdeeds Tariffs folded into a federal tax bill due in 2025 Trump could issue an ex o to examine all trade


Question: Economist trade wars

1 -- Double Bind – Either  Trump ignites global trade wars on day one.

Economist 11-7, (11-7-2024, “The world faces its worst trade wars since the 1930s,” The Telegram, https://www.economist.com/international/2024/11/07/the-world-faces-its-worst-trade-wars-since-the-1930s)

THE WORLD stands on the brink of multiple trade wars unleashed by Trump reluctant clashes will follow by blocs whose prosperity depends on foreign markets trade-friendly governments feel obliged to retaliate Trump returns with a mandate to impose tax rises on trade on a historic scale threatening China with 60% tariff taxing Mexican cars 500% and flat tariff of 20%. openness to dealmaking should not distract from the magnitude Trump can raise tariffs on day one under Section 301 He could announce a fresh probe to address “new misdeeds Tariffs folded into a federal tax bill due in 2025 Trump could issue an ex o to examine all trade


Question: Economist 11-7

1 -- Double Bind – Either  Trump ignites global trade wars on day one.

Economist 11-7, (11-7-2024, “The world faces its worst trade wars since the 1930s,” The Telegram, https://www.economist.com/international/2024/11/07/the-world-faces-its-worst-trade-wars-since-the-1930s)

THE WORLD stands on the brink of multiple trade wars unleashed by Trump reluctant clashes will follow by blocs whose prosperity depends on foreign markets trade-friendly governments feel obliged to retaliate Trump returns with a mandate to impose tax rises on trade on a historic scale threatening China with 60% tariff taxing Mexican cars 500% and flat tariff of 20%. openness to dealmaking should not distract from the magnitude Trump can raise tariffs on day one under Section 301 He could announce a fresh probe to address “new misdeeds Tariffs folded into a federal tax bill due in 2025 Trump could issue an ex o to examine all trade


Question: Trump ignites global trade wars

1 -- Double Bind – Either  Trump ignites global trade wars on day one.

Economist 11-7, (11-7-2024, “The world faces its worst trade wars since the 1930s,” The Telegram, https://www.economist.com/international/2024/11/07/the-world-faces-its-worst-trade-wars-since-the-1930s)

THE WORLD stands on the brink of multiple trade wars unleashed by Trump reluctant clashes will follow by blocs whose prosperity depends on foreign markets trade-friendly governments feel obliged to retaliate Trump returns with a mandate to impose tax rises on trade on a historic scale threatening China with 60% tariff taxing Mexican cars 500% and flat tariff of 20%. openness to dealmaking should not distract from the magnitude Trump can raise tariffs on day one under Section 301 He could announce a fresh probe to address “new misdeeds Tariffs folded into a federal tax bill due in 2025 Trump could issue an ex o to examine all trade


Question: trump trade wars day one

1 -- Double Bind – Either  Trump ignites global trade wars on day one.

Economist 11-7, (11-7-2024, “The world faces its worst trade wars since the 1930s,” The Telegram, https://www.economist.com/international/2024/11/07/the-world-faces-its-worst-trade-wars-since-the-1930s)

THE WORLD stands on the brink of multiple trade wars unleashed by Trump reluctant clashes will follow by blocs whose prosperity depends on foreign markets trade-friendly governments feel obliged to retaliate Trump returns with a mandate to impose tax rises on trade on a historic scale threatening China with 60% tariff taxing Mexican cars 500% and flat tariff of 20%. openness to dealmaking should not distract from the magnitude Trump can raise tariffs on day one under Section 301 He could announce a fresh probe to address “new misdeeds Tariffs folded into a federal tax bill due in 2025 Trump could issue an ex o to examine all trade


Question: Trump tariff day one

1 -- Double Bind – Either  Trump ignites global trade wars on day one.

Economist 11-7, (11-7-2024, “The world faces its worst trade wars since the 1930s,” The Telegram, https://www.economist.com/international/2024/11/07/the-world-faces-its-worst-trade-wars-since-the-1930s)

THE WORLD stands on the brink of multiple trade wars unleashed by Trump reluctant clashes will follow by blocs whose prosperity depends on foreign markets trade-friendly governments feel obliged to retaliate Trump returns with a mandate to impose tax rises on trade on a historic scale threatening China with 60% tariff taxing Mexican cars 500% and flat tariff of 20%. openness to dealmaking should not distract from the magnitude Trump can raise tariffs on day one under Section 301 He could announce a fresh probe to address “new misdeeds Tariffs folded into a federal tax bill due in 2025 Trump could issue an ex o to examine all trade


Question: global trade wars

1 -- Double Bind – Either  Trump ignites global trade wars on day one.

Economist 11-7, (11-7-2024, “The world faces its worst trade wars since the 1930s,” The Telegram, https://www.economist.com/international/2024/11/07/the-world-faces-its-worst-trade-wars-since-the-1930s)

THE WORLD stands on the brink of multiple trade wars unleashed by Trump reluctant clashes will follow by blocs whose prosperity depends on foreign markets trade-friendly governments feel obliged to retaliate Trump returns with a mandate to impose tax rises on trade on a historic scale threatening China with 60% tariff taxing Mexican cars 500% and flat tariff of 20%. openness to dealmaking should not distract from the magnitude Trump can raise tariffs on day one under Section 301 He could announce a fresh probe to address “new misdeeds Tariffs folded into a federal tax bill due in 2025 Trump could issue an ex o to examine all trade