Question: lithium battery illegal market

Turn – The plan creates an illegal market for lithium battery recycling that supercharges the risk of mishandling and exploits emerging markets AND local communities

Wojciech Mrozik, Professor, School of Engineering @ Newcastle University et al. Mohammad Ali Rajaeifar, Oliver Heidrich and Paul Christensen. 13th October 2021. “Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries.” Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 6099-6121. DOI: 10.1039/D1EE00691F.

Wherever there is a potential of making profit there are attempts to bypass official routes As recycling will be profitable there is a big chance that illegal processing will occur as it happened for waste electronic equipment The dumpsites will be located in very random places that will result in severe pollution, unexpected fires and huge additional costs to local residents the burden of illegal processing will be mostly put on emerging economies due to the high costs of labour , and strict environmental laws in developed countries A good example of this exploitation is the export of e-waste facilitated by developed nations to poor and developing ones there is no guarantee that LIBs will be recycled or processed in regulated, safe and environmentally friendly ways


Question: illegal lithium battery recycling

Turn – The plan creates an illegal market for lithium battery recycling that supercharges the risk of mishandling and exploits emerging markets AND local communities

Wojciech Mrozik, Professor, School of Engineering @ Newcastle University et al. Mohammad Ali Rajaeifar, Oliver Heidrich and Paul Christensen. 13th October 2021. “Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries.” Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 6099-6121. DOI: 10.1039/D1EE00691F.

Wherever there is a potential of making profit there are attempts to bypass official routes As recycling will be profitable there is a big chance that illegal processing will occur as it happened for waste electronic equipment The dumpsites will be located in very random places that will result in severe pollution, unexpected fires and huge additional costs to local residents the burden of illegal processing will be mostly put on emerging economies due to the high costs of labour , and strict environmental laws in developed countries A good example of this exploitation is the export of e-waste facilitated by developed nations to poor and developing ones there is no guarantee that LIBs will be recycled or processed in regulated, safe and environmentally friendly ways


Question: recycling bypass official routes

Turn – The plan creates an illegal market for lithium battery recycling that supercharges the risk of mishandling and exploits emerging markets AND local communities

Wojciech Mrozik, Professor, School of Engineering @ Newcastle University et al. Mohammad Ali Rajaeifar, Oliver Heidrich and Paul Christensen. 13th October 2021. “Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries.” Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 6099-6121. DOI: 10.1039/D1EE00691F.

Wherever there is a potential of making profit there are attempts to bypass official routes As recycling will be profitable there is a big chance that illegal processing will occur as it happened for waste electronic equipment The dumpsites will be located in very random places that will result in severe pollution, unexpected fires and huge additional costs to local residents the burden of illegal processing will be mostly put on emerging economies due to the high costs of labour , and strict environmental laws in developed countries A good example of this exploitation is the export of e-waste facilitated by developed nations to poor and developing ones there is no guarantee that LIBs will be recycled or processed in regulated, safe and environmentally friendly ways


Question: recycling in emerging economies

Turn – The plan creates an illegal market for lithium battery recycling that supercharges the risk of mishandling and exploits emerging markets AND local communities

Wojciech Mrozik, Professor, School of Engineering @ Newcastle University et al. Mohammad Ali Rajaeifar, Oliver Heidrich and Paul Christensen. 13th October 2021. “Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries.” Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 6099-6121. DOI: 10.1039/D1EE00691F.

Wherever there is a potential of making profit there are attempts to bypass official routes As recycling will be profitable there is a big chance that illegal processing will occur as it happened for waste electronic equipment The dumpsites will be located in very random places that will result in severe pollution, unexpected fires and huge additional costs to local residents the burden of illegal processing will be mostly put on emerging economies due to the high costs of labour , and strict environmental laws in developed countries A good example of this exploitation is the export of e-waste facilitated by developed nations to poor and developing ones there is no guarantee that LIBs will be recycled or processed in regulated, safe and environmentally friendly ways


Question: environmental laws in developed countries

Turn – The plan creates an illegal market for lithium battery recycling that supercharges the risk of mishandling and exploits emerging markets AND local communities

Wojciech Mrozik, Professor, School of Engineering @ Newcastle University et al. Mohammad Ali Rajaeifar, Oliver Heidrich and Paul Christensen. 13th October 2021. “Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries.” Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 6099-6121. DOI: 10.1039/D1EE00691F.

Wherever there is a potential of making profit there are attempts to bypass official routes As recycling will be profitable there is a big chance that illegal processing will occur as it happened for waste electronic equipment The dumpsites will be located in very random places that will result in severe pollution, unexpected fires and huge additional costs to local residents the burden of illegal processing will be mostly put on emerging economies due to the high costs of labour , and strict environmental laws in developed countries A good example of this exploitation is the export of e-waste facilitated by developed nations to poor and developing ones there is no guarantee that LIBs will be recycled or processed in regulated, safe and environmentally friendly ways


Question: illegal processing will occur

Turn – The plan creates an illegal market for lithium battery recycling that supercharges the risk of mishandling and exploits emerging markets AND local communities

Wojciech Mrozik, Professor, School of Engineering @ Newcastle University et al. Mohammad Ali Rajaeifar, Oliver Heidrich and Paul Christensen. 13th October 2021. “Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries.” Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 6099-6121. DOI: 10.1039/D1EE00691F.

Wherever there is a potential of making profit there are attempts to bypass official routes As recycling will be profitable there is a big chance that illegal processing will occur as it happened for waste electronic equipment The dumpsites will be located in very random places that will result in severe pollution, unexpected fires and huge additional costs to local residents the burden of illegal processing will be mostly put on emerging economies due to the high costs of labour , and strict environmental laws in developed countries A good example of this exploitation is the export of e-waste facilitated by developed nations to poor and developing ones there is no guarantee that LIBs will be recycled or processed in regulated, safe and environmentally friendly ways


Question: field precision

3---field precision---Görlach’s taxonomy was produced through a comprehensive lit review and vetted in energy policy expert roundtables by academics and practitioners---precisely so they didn’t omit the instruments worth discussing

Ekins et al 17 [Paul Ekins, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; Paul Drummond, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; and Benjamin Görlach, Ecologic Institute, “Policy instruments for low-carbon development based on work from the EUFP7 project, CECILIA2050,” Climate Policy, 17(sup1), 2017, pp.S1-S7, DOI 10.1080/14693062.2016.1272044]

more important understanding the wide range of GHG abatement policies The aim of CECILIA2050 was precisely to understand climate policy instruments Although the focus was the EU , applied more widely


Question: Görlach taxonomy

3---field precision---Görlach’s taxonomy was produced through a comprehensive lit review and vetted in energy policy expert roundtables by academics and practitioners---precisely so they didn’t omit the instruments worth discussing

Ekins et al 17 [Paul Ekins, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; Paul Drummond, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; and Benjamin Görlach, Ecologic Institute, “Policy instruments for low-carbon development based on work from the EUFP7 project, CECILIA2050,” Climate Policy, 17(sup1), 2017, pp.S1-S7, DOI 10.1080/14693062.2016.1272044]

more important understanding the wide range of GHG abatement policies The aim of CECILIA2050 was precisely to understand climate policy instruments Although the focus was the EU , applied more widely


Question: Ekins et al 17

3---field precision---Görlach’s taxonomy was produced through a comprehensive lit review and vetted in energy policy expert roundtables by academics and practitioners---precisely so they didn’t omit the instruments worth discussing

Ekins et al 17 [Paul Ekins, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; Paul Drummond, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; and Benjamin Görlach, Ecologic Institute, “Policy instruments for low-carbon development based on work from the EUFP7 project, CECILIA2050,” Climate Policy, 17(sup1), 2017, pp.S1-S7, DOI 10.1080/14693062.2016.1272044]

more important understanding the wide range of GHG abatement policies The aim of CECILIA2050 was precisely to understand climate policy instruments Although the focus was the EU , applied more widely


Question: climate policy instruments

3---field precision---Görlach’s taxonomy was produced through a comprehensive lit review and vetted in energy policy expert roundtables by academics and practitioners---precisely so they didn’t omit the instruments worth discussing

Ekins et al 17 [Paul Ekins, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; Paul Drummond, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; and Benjamin Görlach, Ecologic Institute, “Policy instruments for low-carbon development based on work from the EUFP7 project, CECILIA2050,” Climate Policy, 17(sup1), 2017, pp.S1-S7, DOI 10.1080/14693062.2016.1272044]

more important understanding the wide range of GHG abatement policies The aim of CECILIA2050 was precisely to understand climate policy instruments Although the focus was the EU , applied more widely


3---field precision---Görlach’s taxonomy was produced through a comprehensive lit review and vetted in energy policy expert roundtables by academics and practitioners---precisely so they didn’t omit the instruments worth discussing

Ekins et al 17 [Paul Ekins, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; Paul Drummond, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; and Benjamin Görlach, Ecologic Institute, “Policy instruments for low-carbon development based on work from the EUFP7 project, CECILIA2050,” Climate Policy, 17(sup1), 2017, pp.S1-S7, DOI 10.1080/14693062.2016.1272044]

more important understanding the wide range of GHG abatement policies The aim of CECILIA2050 was precisely to understand climate policy instruments Although the focus was the EU , applied more widely


Question: understanding GHG abatement policies

3---field precision---Görlach’s taxonomy was produced through a comprehensive lit review and vetted in energy policy expert roundtables by academics and practitioners---precisely so they didn’t omit the instruments worth discussing

Ekins et al 17 [Paul Ekins, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; Paul Drummond, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; and Benjamin Görlach, Ecologic Institute, “Policy instruments for low-carbon development based on work from the EUFP7 project, CECILIA2050,” Climate Policy, 17(sup1), 2017, pp.S1-S7, DOI 10.1080/14693062.2016.1272044]

more important understanding the wide range of GHG abatement policies The aim of CECILIA2050 was precisely to understand climate policy instruments Although the focus was the EU , applied more widely


Question: USFG assemblage requires government action

Defining the USFG as an assemblage does not mean that it does not require government action

Vanhanen 10 , Janne Vanhanen PhD in Philosophy from Univ of Helsinki, ENCOUNTERS WITH THE VIRTUAL The Experience of Art in Gilles Deleuze’s Philosophy , https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/19376/encounte.pdf?sequence=1

An archetypal example of an assemblage would be a social formation such as a political party or an institution of state These consist of rules and regulations A forceful instance is the juridical system. It is composed of buildings, clerks, officials and judges, as well as laws, there are many assemblages of which I am a part My family, my university department, my neighbourhood


Question: Vanhanen 10

Defining the USFG as an assemblage does not mean that it does not require government action

Vanhanen 10 , Janne Vanhanen PhD in Philosophy from Univ of Helsinki, ENCOUNTERS WITH THE VIRTUAL The Experience of Art in Gilles Deleuze’s Philosophy , https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/19376/encounte.pdf?sequence=1

An archetypal example of an assemblage would be a social formation such as a political party or an institution of state These consist of rules and regulations A forceful instance is the juridical system. It is composed of buildings, clerks, officials and judges, as well as laws, there are many assemblages of which I am a part My family, my university department, my neighbourhood


Question: Janne Vanhanen

Defining the USFG as an assemblage does not mean that it does not require government action

Vanhanen 10 , Janne Vanhanen PhD in Philosophy from Univ of Helsinki, ENCOUNTERS WITH THE VIRTUAL The Experience of Art in Gilles Deleuze’s Philosophy , https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/19376/encounte.pdf?sequence=1

An archetypal example of an assemblage would be a social formation such as a political party or an institution of state These consist of rules and regulations A forceful instance is the juridical system. It is composed of buildings, clerks, officials and judges, as well as laws, there are many assemblages of which I am a part My family, my university department, my neighbourhood


Question: assemblage definition

Defining the USFG as an assemblage does not mean that it does not require government action

Vanhanen 10 , Janne Vanhanen PhD in Philosophy from Univ of Helsinki, ENCOUNTERS WITH THE VIRTUAL The Experience of Art in Gilles Deleuze’s Philosophy , https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/19376/encounte.pdf?sequence=1

An archetypal example of an assemblage would be a social formation such as a political party or an institution of state These consist of rules and regulations A forceful instance is the juridical system. It is composed of buildings, clerks, officials and judges, as well as laws, there are many assemblages of which I am a part My family, my university department, my neighbourhood


Question: institution of state example

Defining the USFG as an assemblage does not mean that it does not require government action

Vanhanen 10 , Janne Vanhanen PhD in Philosophy from Univ of Helsinki, ENCOUNTERS WITH THE VIRTUAL The Experience of Art in Gilles Deleuze’s Philosophy , https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/19376/encounte.pdf?sequence=1

An archetypal example of an assemblage would be a social formation such as a political party or an institution of state These consist of rules and regulations A forceful instance is the juridical system. It is composed of buildings, clerks, officials and judges, as well as laws, there are many assemblages of which I am a part My family, my university department, my neighbourhood


Question: political party assemblage

Defining the USFG as an assemblage does not mean that it does not require government action

Vanhanen 10 , Janne Vanhanen PhD in Philosophy from Univ of Helsinki, ENCOUNTERS WITH THE VIRTUAL The Experience of Art in Gilles Deleuze’s Philosophy , https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/19376/encounte.pdf?sequence=1

An archetypal example of an assemblage would be a social formation such as a political party or an institution of state These consist of rules and regulations A forceful instance is the juridical system. It is composed of buildings, clerks, officials and judges, as well as laws, there are many assemblages of which I am a part My family, my university department, my neighbourhood


Question: juridical system assemblage

Defining the USFG as an assemblage does not mean that it does not require government action

Vanhanen 10 , Janne Vanhanen PhD in Philosophy from Univ of Helsinki, ENCOUNTERS WITH THE VIRTUAL The Experience of Art in Gilles Deleuze’s Philosophy , https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/19376/encounte.pdf?sequence=1

An archetypal example of an assemblage would be a social formation such as a political party or an institution of state These consist of rules and regulations A forceful instance is the juridical system. It is composed of buildings, clerks, officials and judges, as well as laws, there are many assemblages of which I am a part My family, my university department, my neighbourhood


Question: Stole your aff because we love you

We stole your affirmative because we love you - Our politics of stealing is the only way we can open your intellectualism and start taking power away from your criticism

Salisbury and Connelly 21 [Remi Joseph-Salisbury is a senior lecturer at the Carnegie School of Education, Leeds Beckett University. He is a founding member of the Critical Race and Ethnicities Network (CREN), and a Trustee for the Racial Justice Network. Laura Connelly 02 Nov 2021 https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526157973.00008 https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526157973/9781526157973.00008.xml Reparative theft Stealing from the university)

academics play the role of disinterested impartial observer’ privileging of ‘objectivity’ in research very logics that make such duplicity possible Reparative theft invokes a form of theft in the context of white supremacy the university as an extractive and exploitative institution theft as a form of reparation exploit the contradictions of the university take its resources we work within theft acts as a reminder of whose side anti-racist scholar-activists the social and symbolic capital of the university come to be embodied in university-based academics something that can be stolen reparative theft is a key component of anti-racist scholar-activism


Question: Salisbury and Connelly

We stole your affirmative because we love you - Our politics of stealing is the only way we can open your intellectualism and start taking power away from your criticism

Salisbury and Connelly 21 [Remi Joseph-Salisbury is a senior lecturer at the Carnegie School of Education, Leeds Beckett University. He is a founding member of the Critical Race and Ethnicities Network (CREN), and a Trustee for the Racial Justice Network. Laura Connelly 02 Nov 2021 https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526157973.00008 https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526157973/9781526157973.00008.xml Reparative theft Stealing from the university)

academics play the role of disinterested impartial observer’ privileging of ‘objectivity’ in research very logics that make such duplicity possible Reparative theft invokes a form of theft in the context of white supremacy the university as an extractive and exploitative institution theft as a form of reparation exploit the contradictions of the university take its resources we work within theft acts as a reminder of whose side anti-racist scholar-activists the social and symbolic capital of the university come to be embodied in university-based academics something that can be stolen reparative theft is a key component of anti-racist scholar-activism


Question: Remi Joseph-Salisbury

We stole your affirmative because we love you - Our politics of stealing is the only way we can open your intellectualism and start taking power away from your criticism

Salisbury and Connelly 21 [Remi Joseph-Salisbury is a senior lecturer at the Carnegie School of Education, Leeds Beckett University. He is a founding member of the Critical Race and Ethnicities Network (CREN), and a Trustee for the Racial Justice Network. Laura Connelly 02 Nov 2021 https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526157973.00008 https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526157973/9781526157973.00008.xml Reparative theft Stealing from the university)

academics play the role of disinterested impartial observer’ privileging of ‘objectivity’ in research very logics that make such duplicity possible Reparative theft invokes a form of theft in the context of white supremacy the university as an extractive and exploitative institution theft as a form of reparation exploit the contradictions of the university take its resources we work within theft acts as a reminder of whose side anti-racist scholar-activists the social and symbolic capital of the university come to be embodied in university-based academics something that can be stolen reparative theft is a key component of anti-racist scholar-activism


Question: politics of stealing is the only way

We stole your affirmative because we love you - Our politics of stealing is the only way we can open your intellectualism and start taking power away from your criticism

Salisbury and Connelly 21 [Remi Joseph-Salisbury is a senior lecturer at the Carnegie School of Education, Leeds Beckett University. He is a founding member of the Critical Race and Ethnicities Network (CREN), and a Trustee for the Racial Justice Network. Laura Connelly 02 Nov 2021 https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526157973.00008 https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526157973/9781526157973.00008.xml Reparative theft Stealing from the university)

academics play the role of disinterested impartial observer’ privileging of ‘objectivity’ in research very logics that make such duplicity possible Reparative theft invokes a form of theft in the context of white supremacy the university as an extractive and exploitative institution theft as a form of reparation exploit the contradictions of the university take its resources we work within theft acts as a reminder of whose side anti-racist scholar-activists the social and symbolic capital of the university come to be embodied in university-based academics something that can be stolen reparative theft is a key component of anti-racist scholar-activism


Question: reparative theft anti-racist

We stole your affirmative because we love you - Our politics of stealing is the only way we can open your intellectualism and start taking power away from your criticism

Salisbury and Connelly 21 [Remi Joseph-Salisbury is a senior lecturer at the Carnegie School of Education, Leeds Beckett University. He is a founding member of the Critical Race and Ethnicities Network (CREN), and a Trustee for the Racial Justice Network. Laura Connelly 02 Nov 2021 https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526157973.00008 https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526157973/9781526157973.00008.xml Reparative theft Stealing from the university)

academics play the role of disinterested impartial observer’ privileging of ‘objectivity’ in research very logics that make such duplicity possible Reparative theft invokes a form of theft in the context of white supremacy the university as an extractive and exploitative institution theft as a form of reparation exploit the contradictions of the university take its resources we work within theft acts as a reminder of whose side anti-racist scholar-activists the social and symbolic capital of the university come to be embodied in university-based academics something that can be stolen reparative theft is a key component of anti-racist scholar-activism


Question: academics play disinterested observer

We stole your affirmative because we love you - Our politics of stealing is the only way we can open your intellectualism and start taking power away from your criticism

Salisbury and Connelly 21 [Remi Joseph-Salisbury is a senior lecturer at the Carnegie School of Education, Leeds Beckett University. He is a founding member of the Critical Race and Ethnicities Network (CREN), and a Trustee for the Racial Justice Network. Laura Connelly 02 Nov 2021 https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526157973.00008 https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526157973/9781526157973.00008.xml Reparative theft Stealing from the university)

academics play the role of disinterested impartial observer’ privileging of ‘objectivity’ in research very logics that make such duplicity possible Reparative theft invokes a form of theft in the context of white supremacy the university as an extractive and exploitative institution theft as a form of reparation exploit the contradictions of the university take its resources we work within theft acts as a reminder of whose side anti-racist scholar-activists the social and symbolic capital of the university come to be embodied in university-based academics something that can be stolen reparative theft is a key component of anti-racist scholar-activism


Question: theft is a form of reparation

We stole your affirmative because we love you - Our politics of stealing is the only way we can open your intellectualism and start taking power away from your criticism

Salisbury and Connelly 21 [Remi Joseph-Salisbury is a senior lecturer at the Carnegie School of Education, Leeds Beckett University. He is a founding member of the Critical Race and Ethnicities Network (CREN), and a Trustee for the Racial Justice Network. Laura Connelly 02 Nov 2021 https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526157973.00008 https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526157973/9781526157973.00008.xml Reparative theft Stealing from the university)

academics play the role of disinterested impartial observer’ privileging of ‘objectivity’ in research very logics that make such duplicity possible Reparative theft invokes a form of theft in the context of white supremacy the university as an extractive and exploitative institution theft as a form of reparation exploit the contradictions of the university take its resources we work within theft acts as a reminder of whose side anti-racist scholar-activists the social and symbolic capital of the university come to be embodied in university-based academics something that can be stolen reparative theft is a key component of anti-racist scholar-activism


Question: take its resources

We stole your affirmative because we love you - Our politics of stealing is the only way we can open your intellectualism and start taking power away from your criticism

Salisbury and Connelly 21 [Remi Joseph-Salisbury is a senior lecturer at the Carnegie School of Education, Leeds Beckett University. He is a founding member of the Critical Race and Ethnicities Network (CREN), and a Trustee for the Racial Justice Network. Laura Connelly 02 Nov 2021 https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526157973.00008 https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526157973/9781526157973.00008.xml Reparative theft Stealing from the university)

academics play the role of disinterested impartial observer’ privileging of ‘objectivity’ in research very logics that make such duplicity possible Reparative theft invokes a form of theft in the context of white supremacy the university as an extractive and exploitative institution theft as a form of reparation exploit the contradictions of the university take its resources we work within theft acts as a reminder of whose side anti-racist scholar-activists the social and symbolic capital of the university come to be embodied in university-based academics something that can be stolen reparative theft is a key component of anti-racist scholar-activism


Question: Resolved refers to policies

“Resolved” refers to policies.

Words and Phrases ’64 [Permanent Edition, an English Language Dictionary]

Definition of “resolve,” is “to express determination by resolution or vote ; as ‘it was  resolved by the legislature ;” similar to “enact,” which is “to establish by law ”


Question: words and phrases

“Resolved” refers to policies.

Words and Phrases ’64 [Permanent Edition, an English Language Dictionary]

Definition of “resolve,” is “to express determination by resolution or vote ; as ‘it was  resolved by the legislature ;” similar to “enact,” which is “to establish by law ”


Question: definition of resolved

“Resolved” refers to policies.

Words and Phrases ’64 [Permanent Edition, an English Language Dictionary]

Definition of “resolve,” is “to express determination by resolution or vote ; as ‘it was  resolved by the legislature ;” similar to “enact,” which is “to establish by law ”


Question: resolved definition policy

“Resolved” refers to policies.

Words and Phrases ’64 [Permanent Edition, an English Language Dictionary]

Definition of “resolve,” is “to express determination by resolution or vote ; as ‘it was  resolved by the legislature ;” similar to “enact,” which is “to establish by law ”


Question: establish by law

“Resolved” refers to policies.

Words and Phrases ’64 [Permanent Edition, an English Language Dictionary]

Definition of “resolve,” is “to express determination by resolution or vote ; as ‘it was  resolved by the legislature ;” similar to “enact,” which is “to establish by law ”


Question: Resolved means legislature

“Resolved” refers to policies.

Words and Phrases ’64 [Permanent Edition, an English Language Dictionary]

Definition of “resolve,” is “to express determination by resolution or vote ; as ‘it was  resolved by the legislature ;” similar to “enact,” which is “to establish by law ”


Question: renewables not scaling up

(UNIQUENESS) Renewables are increasing but are not scaling up to the scope of fossil fuel use

PARK 2024 (Lindsey, sustainability analyst @ Allianz global investors. Allianz offers investment strategies and is a pioneer in sustainable investing for more than two decades, “Energy transition: time to clear the air “, Allianz, Feb 9, https://www.allianzgi.com/en/insights/outlook-and-commentary/energy-transition-time-to-clear-the-air [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par. breaks)[AR SUMMER24]

Despit momentum, renewable energy capacity remains low only  5% of global energy currently comes from wind and solar power , coal usage is at record levels the current annual additional capacity added in nuclear and renewables is insufficient to meaningfully address the transition from high-emitting energy sources


Question: PARK 2024

(UNIQUENESS) Renewables are increasing but are not scaling up to the scope of fossil fuel use

PARK 2024 (Lindsey, sustainability analyst @ Allianz global investors. Allianz offers investment strategies and is a pioneer in sustainable investing for more than two decades, “Energy transition: time to clear the air “, Allianz, Feb 9, https://www.allianzgi.com/en/insights/outlook-and-commentary/energy-transition-time-to-clear-the-air [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par. breaks)[AR SUMMER24]

Despit momentum, renewable energy capacity remains low only  5% of global energy currently comes from wind and solar power , coal usage is at record levels the current annual additional capacity added in nuclear and renewables is insufficient to meaningfully address the transition from high-emitting energy sources


Question: Lindsey Park Allianz

(UNIQUENESS) Renewables are increasing but are not scaling up to the scope of fossil fuel use

PARK 2024 (Lindsey, sustainability analyst @ Allianz global investors. Allianz offers investment strategies and is a pioneer in sustainable investing for more than two decades, “Energy transition: time to clear the air “, Allianz, Feb 9, https://www.allianzgi.com/en/insights/outlook-and-commentary/energy-transition-time-to-clear-the-air [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par. breaks)[AR SUMMER24]

Despit momentum, renewable energy capacity remains low only  5% of global energy currently comes from wind and solar power , coal usage is at record levels the current annual additional capacity added in nuclear and renewables is insufficient to meaningfully address the transition from high-emitting energy sources


Question: renewables only 5% of global energy

(UNIQUENESS) Renewables are increasing but are not scaling up to the scope of fossil fuel use

PARK 2024 (Lindsey, sustainability analyst @ Allianz global investors. Allianz offers investment strategies and is a pioneer in sustainable investing for more than two decades, “Energy transition: time to clear the air “, Allianz, Feb 9, https://www.allianzgi.com/en/insights/outlook-and-commentary/energy-transition-time-to-clear-the-air [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par. breaks)[AR SUMMER24]

Despit momentum, renewable energy capacity remains low only  5% of global energy currently comes from wind and solar power , coal usage is at record levels the current annual additional capacity added in nuclear and renewables is insufficient to meaningfully address the transition from high-emitting energy sources


Question: fossil fuels still dominate

(UNIQUENESS) Renewables are increasing but are not scaling up to the scope of fossil fuel use

PARK 2024 (Lindsey, sustainability analyst @ Allianz global investors. Allianz offers investment strategies and is a pioneer in sustainable investing for more than two decades, “Energy transition: time to clear the air “, Allianz, Feb 9, https://www.allianzgi.com/en/insights/outlook-and-commentary/energy-transition-time-to-clear-the-air [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par. breaks)[AR SUMMER24]

Despit momentum, renewable energy capacity remains low only  5% of global energy currently comes from wind and solar power , coal usage is at record levels the current annual additional capacity added in nuclear and renewables is insufficient to meaningfully address the transition from high-emitting energy sources


Question: coal usage at record levels

(UNIQUENESS) Renewables are increasing but are not scaling up to the scope of fossil fuel use

PARK 2024 (Lindsey, sustainability analyst @ Allianz global investors. Allianz offers investment strategies and is a pioneer in sustainable investing for more than two decades, “Energy transition: time to clear the air “, Allianz, Feb 9, https://www.allianzgi.com/en/insights/outlook-and-commentary/energy-transition-time-to-clear-the-air [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par. breaks)[AR SUMMER24]

Despit momentum, renewable energy capacity remains low only  5% of global energy currently comes from wind and solar power , coal usage is at record levels the current annual additional capacity added in nuclear and renewables is insufficient to meaningfully address the transition from high-emitting energy sources


Question: energy transition slow

(UNIQUENESS) Renewables are increasing but are not scaling up to the scope of fossil fuel use

PARK 2024 (Lindsey, sustainability analyst @ Allianz global investors. Allianz offers investment strategies and is a pioneer in sustainable investing for more than two decades, “Energy transition: time to clear the air “, Allianz, Feb 9, https://www.allianzgi.com/en/insights/outlook-and-commentary/energy-transition-time-to-clear-the-air [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par. breaks)[AR SUMMER24]

Despit momentum, renewable energy capacity remains low only  5% of global energy currently comes from wind and solar power , coal usage is at record levels the current annual additional capacity added in nuclear and renewables is insufficient to meaningfully address the transition from high-emitting energy sources


Question: renewables insufficient

(UNIQUENESS) Renewables are increasing but are not scaling up to the scope of fossil fuel use

PARK 2024 (Lindsey, sustainability analyst @ Allianz global investors. Allianz offers investment strategies and is a pioneer in sustainable investing for more than two decades, “Energy transition: time to clear the air “, Allianz, Feb 9, https://www.allianzgi.com/en/insights/outlook-and-commentary/energy-transition-time-to-clear-the-air [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par. breaks)[AR SUMMER24]

Despit momentum, renewable energy capacity remains low only  5% of global energy currently comes from wind and solar power , coal usage is at record levels the current annual additional capacity added in nuclear and renewables is insufficient to meaningfully address the transition from high-emitting energy sources


Question: Expansion equals peak uranium

Expansion = peak uranium

Elliot 11 [David Elliott is Professor of Technology Policy at the Open University, “Nuclear waste- no place to go,” 2011, http://blog.environmentalresearchweb.org/2011/02/19/nuclear-waste-no-place-to-go]

If a global nuclear renaissance occurs, demand for uranium will grow already shortages peak uranium’ is not far off Energy Watch Group suggest 2035 options should be kept open technological advances make recycling a better choice in the future storage facility, from which spent fuel could be removed later


Question: Elliot 11

Expansion = peak uranium

Elliot 11 [David Elliott is Professor of Technology Policy at the Open University, “Nuclear waste- no place to go,” 2011, http://blog.environmentalresearchweb.org/2011/02/19/nuclear-waste-no-place-to-go]

If a global nuclear renaissance occurs, demand for uranium will grow already shortages peak uranium’ is not far off Energy Watch Group suggest 2035 options should be kept open technological advances make recycling a better choice in the future storage facility, from which spent fuel could be removed later


Question: David Elliot uranium shortages

Expansion = peak uranium

Elliot 11 [David Elliott is Professor of Technology Policy at the Open University, “Nuclear waste- no place to go,” 2011, http://blog.environmentalresearchweb.org/2011/02/19/nuclear-waste-no-place-to-go]

If a global nuclear renaissance occurs, demand for uranium will grow already shortages peak uranium’ is not far off Energy Watch Group suggest 2035 options should be kept open technological advances make recycling a better choice in the future storage facility, from which spent fuel could be removed later


Question: nuclear renaissance uranium demand

Expansion = peak uranium

Elliot 11 [David Elliott is Professor of Technology Policy at the Open University, “Nuclear waste- no place to go,” 2011, http://blog.environmentalresearchweb.org/2011/02/19/nuclear-waste-no-place-to-go]

If a global nuclear renaissance occurs, demand for uranium will grow already shortages peak uranium’ is not far off Energy Watch Group suggest 2035 options should be kept open technological advances make recycling a better choice in the future storage facility, from which spent fuel could be removed later


Question: peak uranium near

Expansion = peak uranium

Elliot 11 [David Elliott is Professor of Technology Policy at the Open University, “Nuclear waste- no place to go,” 2011, http://blog.environmentalresearchweb.org/2011/02/19/nuclear-waste-no-place-to-go]

If a global nuclear renaissance occurs, demand for uranium will grow already shortages peak uranium’ is not far off Energy Watch Group suggest 2035 options should be kept open technological advances make recycling a better choice in the future storage facility, from which spent fuel could be removed later


Question: uranium shortages

Expansion = peak uranium

Elliot 11 [David Elliott is Professor of Technology Policy at the Open University, “Nuclear waste- no place to go,” 2011, http://blog.environmentalresearchweb.org/2011/02/19/nuclear-waste-no-place-to-go]

If a global nuclear renaissance occurs, demand for uranium will grow already shortages peak uranium’ is not far off Energy Watch Group suggest 2035 options should be kept open technological advances make recycling a better choice in the future storage facility, from which spent fuel could be removed later


Question: global nuclear renaissance

Expansion = peak uranium

Elliot 11 [David Elliott is Professor of Technology Policy at the Open University, “Nuclear waste- no place to go,” 2011, http://blog.environmentalresearchweb.org/2011/02/19/nuclear-waste-no-place-to-go]

If a global nuclear renaissance occurs, demand for uranium will grow already shortages peak uranium’ is not far off Energy Watch Group suggest 2035 options should be kept open technological advances make recycling a better choice in the future storage facility, from which spent fuel could be removed later


Question: Energy Watch Group peak uranium

Expansion = peak uranium

Elliot 11 [David Elliott is Professor of Technology Policy at the Open University, “Nuclear waste- no place to go,” 2011, http://blog.environmentalresearchweb.org/2011/02/19/nuclear-waste-no-place-to-go]

If a global nuclear renaissance occurs, demand for uranium will grow already shortages peak uranium’ is not far off Energy Watch Group suggest 2035 options should be kept open technological advances make recycling a better choice in the future storage facility, from which spent fuel could be removed later


Question: Growth is sustainable

Growth is sustainable.

Jonas Elvander & Leigh Phillips 23, PhD researcher at the European University Institute in Florence, editor of foreign affairs at Flamman, Leigh, Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions at the University of Victoria,“Degrowth Is Not the Answer to Climate Change”, https://jacobin.com/2023/01/against-degrowth-eco-modernism-socialist-planning-green-economy

growth not the cause of environmental challenges we have overcome hole in the ozone acid rain lead pollution the solution to all did not come from halting  growth, but new tech and economic planning ozone was a greater threat than climate finite resources . assumes that there cannot be absolute decoupling we already see decoupling in many sectors thanks to efficiency gains where a sector grow without an increase in inputs. in US crop production Corn acreage has absolutely decoupled from production metals consumption have plateaued or declined


Question: Elvander and Phillips

Growth is sustainable.

Jonas Elvander & Leigh Phillips 23, PhD researcher at the European University Institute in Florence, editor of foreign affairs at Flamman, Leigh, Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions at the University of Victoria,“Degrowth Is Not the Answer to Climate Change”, https://jacobin.com/2023/01/against-degrowth-eco-modernism-socialist-planning-green-economy

growth not the cause of environmental challenges we have overcome hole in the ozone acid rain lead pollution the solution to all did not come from halting  growth, but new tech and economic planning ozone was a greater threat than climate finite resources . assumes that there cannot be absolute decoupling we already see decoupling in many sectors thanks to efficiency gains where a sector grow without an increase in inputs. in US crop production Corn acreage has absolutely decoupled from production metals consumption have plateaued or declined


Question: Jonas Elvander decoupling

Growth is sustainable.

Jonas Elvander & Leigh Phillips 23, PhD researcher at the European University Institute in Florence, editor of foreign affairs at Flamman, Leigh, Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions at the University of Victoria,“Degrowth Is Not the Answer to Climate Change”, https://jacobin.com/2023/01/against-degrowth-eco-modernism-socialist-planning-green-economy

growth not the cause of environmental challenges we have overcome hole in the ozone acid rain lead pollution the solution to all did not come from halting  growth, but new tech and economic planning ozone was a greater threat than climate finite resources . assumes that there cannot be absolute decoupling we already see decoupling in many sectors thanks to efficiency gains where a sector grow without an increase in inputs. in US crop production Corn acreage has absolutely decoupled from production metals consumption have plateaued or declined


Question: growth solves environmental challenges

Growth is sustainable.

Jonas Elvander & Leigh Phillips 23, PhD researcher at the European University Institute in Florence, editor of foreign affairs at Flamman, Leigh, Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions at the University of Victoria,“Degrowth Is Not the Answer to Climate Change”, https://jacobin.com/2023/01/against-degrowth-eco-modernism-socialist-planning-green-economy

growth not the cause of environmental challenges we have overcome hole in the ozone acid rain lead pollution the solution to all did not come from halting  growth, but new tech and economic planning ozone was a greater threat than climate finite resources . assumes that there cannot be absolute decoupling we already see decoupling in many sectors thanks to efficiency gains where a sector grow without an increase in inputs. in US crop production Corn acreage has absolutely decoupled from production metals consumption have plateaued or declined


Question: tech and economic planning

Growth is sustainable.

Jonas Elvander & Leigh Phillips 23, PhD researcher at the European University Institute in Florence, editor of foreign affairs at Flamman, Leigh, Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions at the University of Victoria,“Degrowth Is Not the Answer to Climate Change”, https://jacobin.com/2023/01/against-degrowth-eco-modernism-socialist-planning-green-economy

growth not the cause of environmental challenges we have overcome hole in the ozone acid rain lead pollution the solution to all did not come from halting  growth, but new tech and economic planning ozone was a greater threat than climate finite resources . assumes that there cannot be absolute decoupling we already see decoupling in many sectors thanks to efficiency gains where a sector grow without an increase in inputs. in US crop production Corn acreage has absolutely decoupled from production metals consumption have plateaued or declined


Question: US crop production decoupling

Growth is sustainable.

Jonas Elvander & Leigh Phillips 23, PhD researcher at the European University Institute in Florence, editor of foreign affairs at Flamman, Leigh, Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions at the University of Victoria,“Degrowth Is Not the Answer to Climate Change”, https://jacobin.com/2023/01/against-degrowth-eco-modernism-socialist-planning-green-economy

growth not the cause of environmental challenges we have overcome hole in the ozone acid rain lead pollution the solution to all did not come from halting  growth, but new tech and economic planning ozone was a greater threat than climate finite resources . assumes that there cannot be absolute decoupling we already see decoupling in many sectors thanks to efficiency gains where a sector grow without an increase in inputs. in US crop production Corn acreage has absolutely decoupled from production metals consumption have plateaued or declined


Question: Against degrowth

Growth is sustainable.

Jonas Elvander & Leigh Phillips 23, PhD researcher at the European University Institute in Florence, editor of foreign affairs at Flamman, Leigh, Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions at the University of Victoria,“Degrowth Is Not the Answer to Climate Change”, https://jacobin.com/2023/01/against-degrowth-eco-modernism-socialist-planning-green-economy

growth not the cause of environmental challenges we have overcome hole in the ozone acid rain lead pollution the solution to all did not come from halting  growth, but new tech and economic planning ozone was a greater threat than climate finite resources . assumes that there cannot be absolute decoupling we already see decoupling in many sectors thanks to efficiency gains where a sector grow without an increase in inputs. in US crop production Corn acreage has absolutely decoupled from production metals consumption have plateaued or declined


Question: Decolonization of the mind bad

Decolonization of the mind is a cop-out argument that forecloses indigenous sovereignty - This critical conscientization they propose remains imbedded in settler colonialism discourse, which turns the case.

Tuck & Yang 12

decolonizing the mind or the cultivation of critical consciousness were the sole activity of decolonization allow conscientization to stand in for relinquishing stolen land Until stolen land is relinquished, critical  consciousness does not disrupts settler colonialism freedom is not mentally generated; it is particular and felt educators use “ colonization” as a metaphor for oppression reduces mental colonization ” to the solution of decolonizing one’s mind sidesteps the question what is colonization? specifically requires repatriation of Indigenous land and life the pursuit of critical consciousness can be settler moves to innocence diversions which relieve the settler of feelings of guilt and conceal the need to give up land or power or privilege


Question: Tuck and Yang decolonization

Decolonization of the mind is a cop-out argument that forecloses indigenous sovereignty - This critical conscientization they propose remains imbedded in settler colonialism discourse, which turns the case.

Tuck & Yang 12

decolonizing the mind or the cultivation of critical consciousness were the sole activity of decolonization allow conscientization to stand in for relinquishing stolen land Until stolen land is relinquished, critical  consciousness does not disrupts settler colonialism freedom is not mentally generated; it is particular and felt educators use “ colonization” as a metaphor for oppression reduces mental colonization ” to the solution of decolonizing one’s mind sidesteps the question what is colonization? specifically requires repatriation of Indigenous land and life the pursuit of critical consciousness can be settler moves to innocence diversions which relieve the settler of feelings of guilt and conceal the need to give up land or power or privilege


Question: Tuck & Yang 12

Decolonization of the mind is a cop-out argument that forecloses indigenous sovereignty - This critical conscientization they propose remains imbedded in settler colonialism discourse, which turns the case.

Tuck & Yang 12

decolonizing the mind or the cultivation of critical consciousness were the sole activity of decolonization allow conscientization to stand in for relinquishing stolen land Until stolen land is relinquished, critical  consciousness does not disrupts settler colonialism freedom is not mentally generated; it is particular and felt educators use “ colonization” as a metaphor for oppression reduces mental colonization ” to the solution of decolonizing one’s mind sidesteps the question what is colonization? specifically requires repatriation of Indigenous land and life the pursuit of critical consciousness can be settler moves to innocence diversions which relieve the settler of feelings of guilt and conceal the need to give up land or power or privilege


Question: Decolonizing the mind does not work

Decolonization of the mind is a cop-out argument that forecloses indigenous sovereignty - This critical conscientization they propose remains imbedded in settler colonialism discourse, which turns the case.

Tuck & Yang 12

decolonizing the mind or the cultivation of critical consciousness were the sole activity of decolonization allow conscientization to stand in for relinquishing stolen land Until stolen land is relinquished, critical  consciousness does not disrupts settler colonialism freedom is not mentally generated; it is particular and felt educators use “ colonization” as a metaphor for oppression reduces mental colonization ” to the solution of decolonizing one’s mind sidesteps the question what is colonization? specifically requires repatriation of Indigenous land and life the pursuit of critical consciousness can be settler moves to innocence diversions which relieve the settler of feelings of guilt and conceal the need to give up land or power or privilege


Question: Decolonization critical conscientization

Decolonization of the mind is a cop-out argument that forecloses indigenous sovereignty - This critical conscientization they propose remains imbedded in settler colonialism discourse, which turns the case.

Tuck & Yang 12

decolonizing the mind or the cultivation of critical consciousness were the sole activity of decolonization allow conscientization to stand in for relinquishing stolen land Until stolen land is relinquished, critical  consciousness does not disrupts settler colonialism freedom is not mentally generated; it is particular and felt educators use “ colonization” as a metaphor for oppression reduces mental colonization ” to the solution of decolonizing one’s mind sidesteps the question what is colonization? specifically requires repatriation of Indigenous land and life the pursuit of critical consciousness can be settler moves to innocence diversions which relieve the settler of feelings of guilt and conceal the need to give up land or power or privilege


Question: settler colonialism discourse

Decolonization of the mind is a cop-out argument that forecloses indigenous sovereignty - This critical conscientization they propose remains imbedded in settler colonialism discourse, which turns the case.

Tuck & Yang 12

decolonizing the mind or the cultivation of critical consciousness were the sole activity of decolonization allow conscientization to stand in for relinquishing stolen land Until stolen land is relinquished, critical  consciousness does not disrupts settler colonialism freedom is not mentally generated; it is particular and felt educators use “ colonization” as a metaphor for oppression reduces mental colonization ” to the solution of decolonizing one’s mind sidesteps the question what is colonization? specifically requires repatriation of Indigenous land and life the pursuit of critical consciousness can be settler moves to innocence diversions which relieve the settler of feelings of guilt and conceal the need to give up land or power or privilege


Question: repatriation of Indigenous land

Decolonization of the mind is a cop-out argument that forecloses indigenous sovereignty - This critical conscientization they propose remains imbedded in settler colonialism discourse, which turns the case.

Tuck & Yang 12

decolonizing the mind or the cultivation of critical consciousness were the sole activity of decolonization allow conscientization to stand in for relinquishing stolen land Until stolen land is relinquished, critical  consciousness does not disrupts settler colonialism freedom is not mentally generated; it is particular and felt educators use “ colonization” as a metaphor for oppression reduces mental colonization ” to the solution of decolonizing one’s mind sidesteps the question what is colonization? specifically requires repatriation of Indigenous land and life the pursuit of critical consciousness can be settler moves to innocence diversions which relieve the settler of feelings of guilt and conceal the need to give up land or power or privilege


Question: Implementation increases carbon in other markets

Implementation increases carbon in other markets.

Böhringer 22 [Christoph Böhringer, Professor of Economics at the University of Oldenburg, Carolyn Fischer, Senior Fellow at Resources for the Future, Knut Einar Rosendahl, Professor of Economics at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Thomas Fox Rutherford, Professor of Economics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, "Potential impacts and challenges of border carbon adjustments", Nature Climate Change https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01250-z, published 1-3-2022, accessed 6-24-2024]

BCAs face challenges, leading to trade-offs between effectiveness and compliance with WTO rules under WTO law a country cannot make adjust- ments for costs that it does not impose on its own adjustment must be consistent carbon content in foreign jurisdictions is difficult to measure seems prohibitively expensive for indirect emissions have to be calculated on industry specific measures of carbon Creating country defaults would conflict with WTO Article XX a uniform metric would not provide a direct incentive to avoid emissions gives incentives to ‘ reshuffle’ emissions b c avoided by reallocating lowest-carbon production for export to countries with BCAs and leave higher-carbon pro- duction in other markets


Question: Böhringer 22

Implementation increases carbon in other markets.

Böhringer 22 [Christoph Böhringer, Professor of Economics at the University of Oldenburg, Carolyn Fischer, Senior Fellow at Resources for the Future, Knut Einar Rosendahl, Professor of Economics at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Thomas Fox Rutherford, Professor of Economics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, "Potential impacts and challenges of border carbon adjustments", Nature Climate Change https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01250-z, published 1-3-2022, accessed 6-24-2024]

BCAs face challenges, leading to trade-offs between effectiveness and compliance with WTO rules under WTO law a country cannot make adjust- ments for costs that it does not impose on its own adjustment must be consistent carbon content in foreign jurisdictions is difficult to measure seems prohibitively expensive for indirect emissions have to be calculated on industry specific measures of carbon Creating country defaults would conflict with WTO Article XX a uniform metric would not provide a direct incentive to avoid emissions gives incentives to ‘ reshuffle’ emissions b c avoided by reallocating lowest-carbon production for export to countries with BCAs and leave higher-carbon pro- duction in other markets


Question: Christoph Böhringer carbon

Implementation increases carbon in other markets.

Böhringer 22 [Christoph Böhringer, Professor of Economics at the University of Oldenburg, Carolyn Fischer, Senior Fellow at Resources for the Future, Knut Einar Rosendahl, Professor of Economics at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Thomas Fox Rutherford, Professor of Economics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, "Potential impacts and challenges of border carbon adjustments", Nature Climate Change https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01250-z, published 1-3-2022, accessed 6-24-2024]

BCAs face challenges, leading to trade-offs between effectiveness and compliance with WTO rules under WTO law a country cannot make adjust- ments for costs that it does not impose on its own adjustment must be consistent carbon content in foreign jurisdictions is difficult to measure seems prohibitively expensive for indirect emissions have to be calculated on industry specific measures of carbon Creating country defaults would conflict with WTO Article XX a uniform metric would not provide a direct incentive to avoid emissions gives incentives to ‘ reshuffle’ emissions b c avoided by reallocating lowest-carbon production for export to countries with BCAs and leave higher-carbon pro- duction in other markets


Question: BCAs WTO trade-offs

Implementation increases carbon in other markets.

Böhringer 22 [Christoph Böhringer, Professor of Economics at the University of Oldenburg, Carolyn Fischer, Senior Fellow at Resources for the Future, Knut Einar Rosendahl, Professor of Economics at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Thomas Fox Rutherford, Professor of Economics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, "Potential impacts and challenges of border carbon adjustments", Nature Climate Change https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01250-z, published 1-3-2022, accessed 6-24-2024]

BCAs face challenges, leading to trade-offs between effectiveness and compliance with WTO rules under WTO law a country cannot make adjust- ments for costs that it does not impose on its own adjustment must be consistent carbon content in foreign jurisdictions is difficult to measure seems prohibitively expensive for indirect emissions have to be calculated on industry specific measures of carbon Creating country defaults would conflict with WTO Article XX a uniform metric would not provide a direct incentive to avoid emissions gives incentives to ‘ reshuffle’ emissions b c avoided by reallocating lowest-carbon production for export to countries with BCAs and leave higher-carbon pro- duction in other markets


Question: carbon adjustments challenges

Implementation increases carbon in other markets.

Böhringer 22 [Christoph Böhringer, Professor of Economics at the University of Oldenburg, Carolyn Fischer, Senior Fellow at Resources for the Future, Knut Einar Rosendahl, Professor of Economics at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Thomas Fox Rutherford, Professor of Economics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, "Potential impacts and challenges of border carbon adjustments", Nature Climate Change https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01250-z, published 1-3-2022, accessed 6-24-2024]

BCAs face challenges, leading to trade-offs between effectiveness and compliance with WTO rules under WTO law a country cannot make adjust- ments for costs that it does not impose on its own adjustment must be consistent carbon content in foreign jurisdictions is difficult to measure seems prohibitively expensive for indirect emissions have to be calculated on industry specific measures of carbon Creating country defaults would conflict with WTO Article XX a uniform metric would not provide a direct incentive to avoid emissions gives incentives to ‘ reshuffle’ emissions b c avoided by reallocating lowest-carbon production for export to countries with BCAs and leave higher-carbon pro- duction in other markets


Question: reshuffle emissions

Implementation increases carbon in other markets.

Böhringer 22 [Christoph Böhringer, Professor of Economics at the University of Oldenburg, Carolyn Fischer, Senior Fellow at Resources for the Future, Knut Einar Rosendahl, Professor of Economics at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Thomas Fox Rutherford, Professor of Economics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, "Potential impacts and challenges of border carbon adjustments", Nature Climate Change https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01250-z, published 1-3-2022, accessed 6-24-2024]

BCAs face challenges, leading to trade-offs between effectiveness and compliance with WTO rules under WTO law a country cannot make adjust- ments for costs that it does not impose on its own adjustment must be consistent carbon content in foreign jurisdictions is difficult to measure seems prohibitively expensive for indirect emissions have to be calculated on industry specific measures of carbon Creating country defaults would conflict with WTO Article XX a uniform metric would not provide a direct incentive to avoid emissions gives incentives to ‘ reshuffle’ emissions b c avoided by reallocating lowest-carbon production for export to countries with BCAs and leave higher-carbon pro- duction in other markets


Question: avoid emissions reallocating

Implementation increases carbon in other markets.

Böhringer 22 [Christoph Böhringer, Professor of Economics at the University of Oldenburg, Carolyn Fischer, Senior Fellow at Resources for the Future, Knut Einar Rosendahl, Professor of Economics at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Thomas Fox Rutherford, Professor of Economics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, "Potential impacts and challenges of border carbon adjustments", Nature Climate Change https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01250-z, published 1-3-2022, accessed 6-24-2024]

BCAs face challenges, leading to trade-offs between effectiveness and compliance with WTO rules under WTO law a country cannot make adjust- ments for costs that it does not impose on its own adjustment must be consistent carbon content in foreign jurisdictions is difficult to measure seems prohibitively expensive for indirect emissions have to be calculated on industry specific measures of carbon Creating country defaults would conflict with WTO Article XX a uniform metric would not provide a direct incentive to avoid emissions gives incentives to ‘ reshuffle’ emissions b c avoided by reallocating lowest-carbon production for export to countries with BCAs and leave higher-carbon pro- duction in other markets


Question: higher-carbon production in other markets

Implementation increases carbon in other markets.

Böhringer 22 [Christoph Böhringer, Professor of Economics at the University of Oldenburg, Carolyn Fischer, Senior Fellow at Resources for the Future, Knut Einar Rosendahl, Professor of Economics at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Thomas Fox Rutherford, Professor of Economics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, "Potential impacts and challenges of border carbon adjustments", Nature Climate Change https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01250-z, published 1-3-2022, accessed 6-24-2024]

BCAs face challenges, leading to trade-offs between effectiveness and compliance with WTO rules under WTO law a country cannot make adjust- ments for costs that it does not impose on its own adjustment must be consistent carbon content in foreign jurisdictions is difficult to measure seems prohibitively expensive for indirect emissions have to be calculated on industry specific measures of carbon Creating country defaults would conflict with WTO Article XX a uniform metric would not provide a direct incentive to avoid emissions gives incentives to ‘ reshuffle’ emissions b c avoided by reallocating lowest-carbon production for export to countries with BCAs and leave higher-carbon pro- duction in other markets


Question: MBIs ineffective lock in capitalist growth

MBIs are ineffective and lock in capitalist growth. The alternative is democratic socialism.

Schmelzer ’23 [Matthias and Elena Hofferberth; July 1; Professor for Social-Ecological Transformation Research and head of the Norbert Elias Center at the University of Flensburg; Postdoctoral Researcher at University of Lausanne, PhD in Economics from the University of Leeds; Monthly Review, “Democratic Planning for Degrowth,” https://monthlyreview.org/2023/07/01/democratic-planning-for-degrowth/]

transition necessary green growth unlikely to avoid collapse need to abandon growth and scale down production need a planned contraction of economic activity ecosocialist degrowth founded on a solid critique of market instruments reliance on price and private-sector ineffective market led us into mess Degrowth an alternative to capitalist market democratization of economy and self-limitation drive to accumulation prevents adherence to collective rules Degrowth resisting law of the market mantra of growth Degrowth build on ongoing planning there is a resurgence in planning postcapitalist project converge around non-market institutions downscaling production phasing out sectors resource-uses no longer left to market


Question: Schmelzer 23

MBIs are ineffective and lock in capitalist growth. The alternative is democratic socialism.

Schmelzer ’23 [Matthias and Elena Hofferberth; July 1; Professor for Social-Ecological Transformation Research and head of the Norbert Elias Center at the University of Flensburg; Postdoctoral Researcher at University of Lausanne, PhD in Economics from the University of Leeds; Monthly Review, “Democratic Planning for Degrowth,” https://monthlyreview.org/2023/07/01/democratic-planning-for-degrowth/]

transition necessary green growth unlikely to avoid collapse need to abandon growth and scale down production need a planned contraction of economic activity ecosocialist degrowth founded on a solid critique of market instruments reliance on price and private-sector ineffective market led us into mess Degrowth an alternative to capitalist market democratization of economy and self-limitation drive to accumulation prevents adherence to collective rules Degrowth resisting law of the market mantra of growth Degrowth build on ongoing planning there is a resurgence in planning postcapitalist project converge around non-market institutions downscaling production phasing out sectors resource-uses no longer left to market


Question: democratic socialism alternative

MBIs are ineffective and lock in capitalist growth. The alternative is democratic socialism.

Schmelzer ’23 [Matthias and Elena Hofferberth; July 1; Professor for Social-Ecological Transformation Research and head of the Norbert Elias Center at the University of Flensburg; Postdoctoral Researcher at University of Lausanne, PhD in Economics from the University of Leeds; Monthly Review, “Democratic Planning for Degrowth,” https://monthlyreview.org/2023/07/01/democratic-planning-for-degrowth/]

transition necessary green growth unlikely to avoid collapse need to abandon growth and scale down production need a planned contraction of economic activity ecosocialist degrowth founded on a solid critique of market instruments reliance on price and private-sector ineffective market led us into mess Degrowth an alternative to capitalist market democratization of economy and self-limitation drive to accumulation prevents adherence to collective rules Degrowth resisting law of the market mantra of growth Degrowth build on ongoing planning there is a resurgence in planning postcapitalist project converge around non-market institutions downscaling production phasing out sectors resource-uses no longer left to market


Question: Monthly Review ecosocialist degrowth

MBIs are ineffective and lock in capitalist growth. The alternative is democratic socialism.

Schmelzer ’23 [Matthias and Elena Hofferberth; July 1; Professor for Social-Ecological Transformation Research and head of the Norbert Elias Center at the University of Flensburg; Postdoctoral Researcher at University of Lausanne, PhD in Economics from the University of Leeds; Monthly Review, “Democratic Planning for Degrowth,” https://monthlyreview.org/2023/07/01/democratic-planning-for-degrowth/]

transition necessary green growth unlikely to avoid collapse need to abandon growth and scale down production need a planned contraction of economic activity ecosocialist degrowth founded on a solid critique of market instruments reliance on price and private-sector ineffective market led us into mess Degrowth an alternative to capitalist market democratization of economy and self-limitation drive to accumulation prevents adherence to collective rules Degrowth resisting law of the market mantra of growth Degrowth build on ongoing planning there is a resurgence in planning postcapitalist project converge around non-market institutions downscaling production phasing out sectors resource-uses no longer left to market


Question: market instruments ineffective

MBIs are ineffective and lock in capitalist growth. The alternative is democratic socialism.

Schmelzer ’23 [Matthias and Elena Hofferberth; July 1; Professor for Social-Ecological Transformation Research and head of the Norbert Elias Center at the University of Flensburg; Postdoctoral Researcher at University of Lausanne, PhD in Economics from the University of Leeds; Monthly Review, “Democratic Planning for Degrowth,” https://monthlyreview.org/2023/07/01/democratic-planning-for-degrowth/]

transition necessary green growth unlikely to avoid collapse need to abandon growth and scale down production need a planned contraction of economic activity ecosocialist degrowth founded on a solid critique of market instruments reliance on price and private-sector ineffective market led us into mess Degrowth an alternative to capitalist market democratization of economy and self-limitation drive to accumulation prevents adherence to collective rules Degrowth resisting law of the market mantra of growth Degrowth build on ongoing planning there is a resurgence in planning postcapitalist project converge around non-market institutions downscaling production phasing out sectors resource-uses no longer left to market


Question: planned contraction of economic activity

MBIs are ineffective and lock in capitalist growth. The alternative is democratic socialism.

Schmelzer ’23 [Matthias and Elena Hofferberth; July 1; Professor for Social-Ecological Transformation Research and head of the Norbert Elias Center at the University of Flensburg; Postdoctoral Researcher at University of Lausanne, PhD in Economics from the University of Leeds; Monthly Review, “Democratic Planning for Degrowth,” https://monthlyreview.org/2023/07/01/democratic-planning-for-degrowth/]

transition necessary green growth unlikely to avoid collapse need to abandon growth and scale down production need a planned contraction of economic activity ecosocialist degrowth founded on a solid critique of market instruments reliance on price and private-sector ineffective market led us into mess Degrowth an alternative to capitalist market democratization of economy and self-limitation drive to accumulation prevents adherence to collective rules Degrowth resisting law of the market mantra of growth Degrowth build on ongoing planning there is a resurgence in planning postcapitalist project converge around non-market institutions downscaling production phasing out sectors resource-uses no longer left to market


Question: democratization of economy

MBIs are ineffective and lock in capitalist growth. The alternative is democratic socialism.

Schmelzer ’23 [Matthias and Elena Hofferberth; July 1; Professor for Social-Ecological Transformation Research and head of the Norbert Elias Center at the University of Flensburg; Postdoctoral Researcher at University of Lausanne, PhD in Economics from the University of Leeds; Monthly Review, “Democratic Planning for Degrowth,” https://monthlyreview.org/2023/07/01/democratic-planning-for-degrowth/]

transition necessary green growth unlikely to avoid collapse need to abandon growth and scale down production need a planned contraction of economic activity ecosocialist degrowth founded on a solid critique of market instruments reliance on price and private-sector ineffective market led us into mess Degrowth an alternative to capitalist market democratization of economy and self-limitation drive to accumulation prevents adherence to collective rules Degrowth resisting law of the market mantra of growth Degrowth build on ongoing planning there is a resurgence in planning postcapitalist project converge around non-market institutions downscaling production phasing out sectors resource-uses no longer left to market


Question: State climate action solves

State climate action solves, sends a credible signal, won’t be preempted, and causes federal follow-on.

Dr. Henrik Selin & Stacy D. VanDeveer 20, PhD, MA, Professor, International Relations, School of Global Studies, Boston University; PhD, MA, Professor, Global Governance & Human Security, Professor of Global Governance and Human Security, "Climate Change Politics and Policy in the United States: Forward, Reverse and Through the Looking Glass," in Climate Governance across the Globe, Chapter 7, pg. 132-135, 2020, T&F. [italics in original]

US states demonstrat leadership generating experiments and develop multi-state  emissions reduction initiatives include r p s efficiency standards purchasing and other measures a network among Ideas  and  info prolif state policies became  normed , and they  enact similar policies  related to  renewable energy efficiency , carbon markets  and so on states drive global development survived state and fed court challenges and condemnation by the fed collaborative endeavours increase pressure on federal policy-makers regularly  send members to international meetings expanding role of subnational actors on display may diverge from US administrations


Question: Selin & VanDeveer 20

State climate action solves, sends a credible signal, won’t be preempted, and causes federal follow-on.

Dr. Henrik Selin & Stacy D. VanDeveer 20, PhD, MA, Professor, International Relations, School of Global Studies, Boston University; PhD, MA, Professor, Global Governance & Human Security, Professor of Global Governance and Human Security, "Climate Change Politics and Policy in the United States: Forward, Reverse and Through the Looking Glass," in Climate Governance across the Globe, Chapter 7, pg. 132-135, 2020, T&F. [italics in original]

US states demonstrat leadership generating experiments and develop multi-state  emissions reduction initiatives include r p s efficiency standards purchasing and other measures a network among Ideas  and  info prolif state policies became  normed , and they  enact similar policies  related to  renewable energy efficiency , carbon markets  and so on states drive global development survived state and fed court challenges and condemnation by the fed collaborative endeavours increase pressure on federal policy-makers regularly  send members to international meetings expanding role of subnational actors on display may diverge from US administrations


Question: State climate policy

State climate action solves, sends a credible signal, won’t be preempted, and causes federal follow-on.

Dr. Henrik Selin & Stacy D. VanDeveer 20, PhD, MA, Professor, International Relations, School of Global Studies, Boston University; PhD, MA, Professor, Global Governance & Human Security, Professor of Global Governance and Human Security, "Climate Change Politics and Policy in the United States: Forward, Reverse and Through the Looking Glass," in Climate Governance across the Globe, Chapter 7, pg. 132-135, 2020, T&F. [italics in original]

US states demonstrat leadership generating experiments and develop multi-state  emissions reduction initiatives include r p s efficiency standards purchasing and other measures a network among Ideas  and  info prolif state policies became  normed , and they  enact similar policies  related to  renewable energy efficiency , carbon markets  and so on states drive global development survived state and fed court challenges and condemnation by the fed collaborative endeavours increase pressure on federal policy-makers regularly  send members to international meetings expanding role of subnational actors on display may diverge from US administrations


Question: US states climate leadership

State climate action solves, sends a credible signal, won’t be preempted, and causes federal follow-on.

Dr. Henrik Selin & Stacy D. VanDeveer 20, PhD, MA, Professor, International Relations, School of Global Studies, Boston University; PhD, MA, Professor, Global Governance & Human Security, Professor of Global Governance and Human Security, "Climate Change Politics and Policy in the United States: Forward, Reverse and Through the Looking Glass," in Climate Governance across the Globe, Chapter 7, pg. 132-135, 2020, T&F. [italics in original]

US states demonstrat leadership generating experiments and develop multi-state  emissions reduction initiatives include r p s efficiency standards purchasing and other measures a network among Ideas  and  info prolif state policies became  normed , and they  enact similar policies  related to  renewable energy efficiency , carbon markets  and so on states drive global development survived state and fed court challenges and condemnation by the fed collaborative endeavours increase pressure on federal policy-makers regularly  send members to international meetings expanding role of subnational actors on display may diverge from US administrations


Question: state policies federal follow-on

State climate action solves, sends a credible signal, won’t be preempted, and causes federal follow-on.

Dr. Henrik Selin & Stacy D. VanDeveer 20, PhD, MA, Professor, International Relations, School of Global Studies, Boston University; PhD, MA, Professor, Global Governance & Human Security, Professor of Global Governance and Human Security, "Climate Change Politics and Policy in the United States: Forward, Reverse and Through the Looking Glass," in Climate Governance across the Globe, Chapter 7, pg. 132-135, 2020, T&F. [italics in original]

US states demonstrat leadership generating experiments and develop multi-state  emissions reduction initiatives include r p s efficiency standards purchasing and other measures a network among Ideas  and  info prolif state policies became  normed , and they  enact similar policies  related to  renewable energy efficiency , carbon markets  and so on states drive global development survived state and fed court challenges and condemnation by the fed collaborative endeavours increase pressure on federal policy-makers regularly  send members to international meetings expanding role of subnational actors on display may diverge from US administrations


Question: state policies become normed

State climate action solves, sends a credible signal, won’t be preempted, and causes federal follow-on.

Dr. Henrik Selin & Stacy D. VanDeveer 20, PhD, MA, Professor, International Relations, School of Global Studies, Boston University; PhD, MA, Professor, Global Governance & Human Security, Professor of Global Governance and Human Security, "Climate Change Politics and Policy in the United States: Forward, Reverse and Through the Looking Glass," in Climate Governance across the Globe, Chapter 7, pg. 132-135, 2020, T&F. [italics in original]

US states demonstrat leadership generating experiments and develop multi-state  emissions reduction initiatives include r p s efficiency standards purchasing and other measures a network among Ideas  and  info prolif state policies became  normed , and they  enact similar policies  related to  renewable energy efficiency , carbon markets  and so on states drive global development survived state and fed court challenges and condemnation by the fed collaborative endeavours increase pressure on federal policy-makers regularly  send members to international meetings expanding role of subnational actors on display may diverge from US administrations


Question: Adopted rules meet policy

Adopted rules meet policy---and legislative

Vida 13 [José Vida, Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, University Carlos III of Madrid, Visiting Scholar, Maurer Law School, IU and UC Berkeley Law School, “An Unquestionable Myth: The Consecreation of Cost-Benefit Analisys in the Regulatory State,” SSRN, 2-11-2013, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2377926]

Legally regulation has a precise definition any agency’s action to implement statute adoption of policymaking through rules the Supreme Court affirmed in five cases nine to zero agency rulemaking is legislative agencies are policy makers delegated authority to make policy


Question: Vida 13

Adopted rules meet policy---and legislative

Vida 13 [José Vida, Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, University Carlos III of Madrid, Visiting Scholar, Maurer Law School, IU and UC Berkeley Law School, “An Unquestionable Myth: The Consecreation of Cost-Benefit Analisys in the Regulatory State,” SSRN, 2-11-2013, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2377926]

Legally regulation has a precise definition any agency’s action to implement statute adoption of policymaking through rules the Supreme Court affirmed in five cases nine to zero agency rulemaking is legislative agencies are policy makers delegated authority to make policy


Question: agency rulemaking legislative

Adopted rules meet policy---and legislative

Vida 13 [José Vida, Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, University Carlos III of Madrid, Visiting Scholar, Maurer Law School, IU and UC Berkeley Law School, “An Unquestionable Myth: The Consecreation of Cost-Benefit Analisys in the Regulatory State,” SSRN, 2-11-2013, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2377926]

Legally regulation has a precise definition any agency’s action to implement statute adoption of policymaking through rules the Supreme Court affirmed in five cases nine to zero agency rulemaking is legislative agencies are policy makers delegated authority to make policy


Question: agencies are policy makers

Adopted rules meet policy---and legislative

Vida 13 [José Vida, Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, University Carlos III of Madrid, Visiting Scholar, Maurer Law School, IU and UC Berkeley Law School, “An Unquestionable Myth: The Consecreation of Cost-Benefit Analisys in the Regulatory State,” SSRN, 2-11-2013, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2377926]

Legally regulation has a precise definition any agency’s action to implement statute adoption of policymaking through rules the Supreme Court affirmed in five cases nine to zero agency rulemaking is legislative agencies are policy makers delegated authority to make policy


Question: rule adoption is policy making

Adopted rules meet policy---and legislative

Vida 13 [José Vida, Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, University Carlos III of Madrid, Visiting Scholar, Maurer Law School, IU and UC Berkeley Law School, “An Unquestionable Myth: The Consecreation of Cost-Benefit Analisys in the Regulatory State,” SSRN, 2-11-2013, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2377926]

Legally regulation has a precise definition any agency’s action to implement statute adoption of policymaking through rules the Supreme Court affirmed in five cases nine to zero agency rulemaking is legislative agencies are policy makers delegated authority to make policy


Question: agency action implements statutes

Adopted rules meet policy---and legislative

Vida 13 [José Vida, Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, University Carlos III of Madrid, Visiting Scholar, Maurer Law School, IU and UC Berkeley Law School, “An Unquestionable Myth: The Consecreation of Cost-Benefit Analisys in the Regulatory State,” SSRN, 2-11-2013, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2377926]

Legally regulation has a precise definition any agency’s action to implement statute adoption of policymaking through rules the Supreme Court affirmed in five cases nine to zero agency rulemaking is legislative agencies are policy makers delegated authority to make policy


Question: Harris falling rapidly behind trump

Most recent ev. It’s predictive, too.

King 10—13 [Ryan King is a reporter. "Kamala Harris’ campaign is falling rapidly behind Donald Trump, 3 new polls show", New York Post, https://nypost.com/2024/10/13/us-news/kamala-harris-falls-rapidly-behind-trump-in-3-new-polls/ published 10-13-2024, accessed 10-13-2024]

With fresh polling, Harris’ lead slipped and Trump is up in the RCP no-tossup map of swing state s this is bad for Harris she needs a five to six-point lling advantage to win


Question: Ryan King 2024

Most recent ev. It’s predictive, too.

King 10—13 [Ryan King is a reporter. "Kamala Harris’ campaign is falling rapidly behind Donald Trump, 3 new polls show", New York Post, https://nypost.com/2024/10/13/us-news/kamala-harris-falls-rapidly-behind-trump-in-3-new-polls/ published 10-13-2024, accessed 10-13-2024]

With fresh polling, Harris’ lead slipped and Trump is up in the RCP no-tossup map of swing state s this is bad for Harris she needs a five to six-point lling advantage to win


Question: Trump up in RCP no-tossup map

Most recent ev. It’s predictive, too.

King 10—13 [Ryan King is a reporter. "Kamala Harris’ campaign is falling rapidly behind Donald Trump, 3 new polls show", New York Post, https://nypost.com/2024/10/13/us-news/kamala-harris-falls-rapidly-behind-trump-in-3-new-polls/ published 10-13-2024, accessed 10-13-2024]

With fresh polling, Harris’ lead slipped and Trump is up in the RCP no-tossup map of swing state s this is bad for Harris she needs a five to six-point lling advantage to win


Question: trump winning

Most recent ev. It’s predictive, too.

King 10—13 [Ryan King is a reporter. "Kamala Harris’ campaign is falling rapidly behind Donald Trump, 3 new polls show", New York Post, https://nypost.com/2024/10/13/us-news/kamala-harris-falls-rapidly-behind-trump-in-3-new-polls/ published 10-13-2024, accessed 10-13-2024]

With fresh polling, Harris’ lead slipped and Trump is up in the RCP no-tossup map of swing state s this is bad for Harris she needs a five to six-point lling advantage to win


Question: Harris needs five point lead

Most recent ev. It’s predictive, too.

King 10—13 [Ryan King is a reporter. "Kamala Harris’ campaign is falling rapidly behind Donald Trump, 3 new polls show", New York Post, https://nypost.com/2024/10/13/us-news/kamala-harris-falls-rapidly-behind-trump-in-3-new-polls/ published 10-13-2024, accessed 10-13-2024]

With fresh polling, Harris’ lead slipped and Trump is up in the RCP no-tossup map of swing state s this is bad for Harris she needs a five to six-point lling advantage to win


Question: Senate needs must-pass legislation

It’ll never clear the Senate without must-pass legislation.

Weber ’24 [Maya, Molly Christian, and Margaret Rogers; February 2; Reporters; S&P Global Commodity Insights, “Republicans float bills to block US DOE pause on LNG export reviews,” https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/natural-gas/020224-republicans-float-bills-to-block-us-doe-pause-on-lng-export-reviews]

Whether Rep s can ultimately dislodge Biden could hinge on support from Dem s tucked into  must-pass legislation bills mirror legislation that failed to advance the Senate Dem s would be needed to block the pause as part of must-pass legislation Overturning the DOE will not be easy Schumer cheered the move progressive s welcomed the decision


Question: Weber 2024

It’ll never clear the Senate without must-pass legislation.

Weber ’24 [Maya, Molly Christian, and Margaret Rogers; February 2; Reporters; S&P Global Commodity Insights, “Republicans float bills to block US DOE pause on LNG export reviews,” https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/natural-gas/020224-republicans-float-bills-to-block-us-doe-pause-on-lng-export-reviews]

Whether Rep s can ultimately dislodge Biden could hinge on support from Dem s tucked into  must-pass legislation bills mirror legislation that failed to advance the Senate Dem s would be needed to block the pause as part of must-pass legislation Overturning the DOE will not be easy Schumer cheered the move progressive s welcomed the decision


Question: Maya Weber LNG export reviews

It’ll never clear the Senate without must-pass legislation.

Weber ’24 [Maya, Molly Christian, and Margaret Rogers; February 2; Reporters; S&P Global Commodity Insights, “Republicans float bills to block US DOE pause on LNG export reviews,” https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/natural-gas/020224-republicans-float-bills-to-block-us-doe-pause-on-lng-export-reviews]

Whether Rep s can ultimately dislodge Biden could hinge on support from Dem s tucked into  must-pass legislation bills mirror legislation that failed to advance the Senate Dem s would be needed to block the pause as part of must-pass legislation Overturning the DOE will not be easy Schumer cheered the move progressive s welcomed the decision


Question: DOE pause on LNG export reviews

It’ll never clear the Senate without must-pass legislation.

Weber ’24 [Maya, Molly Christian, and Margaret Rogers; February 2; Reporters; S&P Global Commodity Insights, “Republicans float bills to block US DOE pause on LNG export reviews,” https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/natural-gas/020224-republicans-float-bills-to-block-us-doe-pause-on-lng-export-reviews]

Whether Rep s can ultimately dislodge Biden could hinge on support from Dem s tucked into  must-pass legislation bills mirror legislation that failed to advance the Senate Dem s would be needed to block the pause as part of must-pass legislation Overturning the DOE will not be easy Schumer cheered the move progressive s welcomed the decision


Question: bills need dem support

It’ll never clear the Senate without must-pass legislation.

Weber ’24 [Maya, Molly Christian, and Margaret Rogers; February 2; Reporters; S&P Global Commodity Insights, “Republicans float bills to block US DOE pause on LNG export reviews,” https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/natural-gas/020224-republicans-float-bills-to-block-us-doe-pause-on-lng-export-reviews]

Whether Rep s can ultimately dislodge Biden could hinge on support from Dem s tucked into  must-pass legislation bills mirror legislation that failed to advance the Senate Dem s would be needed to block the pause as part of must-pass legislation Overturning the DOE will not be easy Schumer cheered the move progressive s welcomed the decision


Question: overturning DOE will not be easy

It’ll never clear the Senate without must-pass legislation.

Weber ’24 [Maya, Molly Christian, and Margaret Rogers; February 2; Reporters; S&P Global Commodity Insights, “Republicans float bills to block US DOE pause on LNG export reviews,” https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/natural-gas/020224-republicans-float-bills-to-block-us-doe-pause-on-lng-export-reviews]

Whether Rep s can ultimately dislodge Biden could hinge on support from Dem s tucked into  must-pass legislation bills mirror legislation that failed to advance the Senate Dem s would be needed to block the pause as part of must-pass legislation Overturning the DOE will not be easy Schumer cheered the move progressive s welcomed the decision


Question: Decoupling is impossible

Decoupling is impossible—transnational statistical analysis proves.

Huh 20—(PhD in Policy from the University of Bristol, Professor of Public Administration at Gyeongsang National University in South Korea, former Collaborating Researcher for the UN Research Institute for Social Development). Huh, Taewook. 2020. “Comparative and Relational Trajectory of Economic Growth and Greenhouse Gas Emission: Coupled or Decoupled?” Energies 13 (10): 2550. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102550.

over 22 years comparing thirty-seven  cases transition to a green econ  was analyzed to not appear growth and environmental problems ) are tied together . previous studies relating to the EKC yield income turning point where emissions stop . results might be statistically significant for each but international decoupling ) did not appear markets do not deal  with externalities , the EKC overlook this


Question: Huh 2020

Decoupling is impossible—transnational statistical analysis proves.

Huh 20—(PhD in Policy from the University of Bristol, Professor of Public Administration at Gyeongsang National University in South Korea, former Collaborating Researcher for the UN Research Institute for Social Development). Huh, Taewook. 2020. “Comparative and Relational Trajectory of Economic Growth and Greenhouse Gas Emission: Coupled or Decoupled?” Energies 13 (10): 2550. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102550.

over 22 years comparing thirty-seven  cases transition to a green econ  was analyzed to not appear growth and environmental problems ) are tied together . previous studies relating to the EKC yield income turning point where emissions stop . results might be statistically significant for each but international decoupling ) did not appear markets do not deal  with externalities , the EKC overlook this


Question: transnational statistical analysis proves

Decoupling is impossible—transnational statistical analysis proves.

Huh 20—(PhD in Policy from the University of Bristol, Professor of Public Administration at Gyeongsang National University in South Korea, former Collaborating Researcher for the UN Research Institute for Social Development). Huh, Taewook. 2020. “Comparative and Relational Trajectory of Economic Growth and Greenhouse Gas Emission: Coupled or Decoupled?” Energies 13 (10): 2550. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102550.

over 22 years comparing thirty-seven  cases transition to a green econ  was analyzed to not appear growth and environmental problems ) are tied together . previous studies relating to the EKC yield income turning point where emissions stop . results might be statistically significant for each but international decoupling ) did not appear markets do not deal  with externalities , the EKC overlook this


Question: Taewook Huh

Decoupling is impossible—transnational statistical analysis proves.

Huh 20—(PhD in Policy from the University of Bristol, Professor of Public Administration at Gyeongsang National University in South Korea, former Collaborating Researcher for the UN Research Institute for Social Development). Huh, Taewook. 2020. “Comparative and Relational Trajectory of Economic Growth and Greenhouse Gas Emission: Coupled or Decoupled?” Energies 13 (10): 2550. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102550.

over 22 years comparing thirty-seven  cases transition to a green econ  was analyzed to not appear growth and environmental problems ) are tied together . previous studies relating to the EKC yield income turning point where emissions stop . results might be statistically significant for each but international decoupling ) did not appear markets do not deal  with externalities , the EKC overlook this


Question: growth and environmental problems tied

Decoupling is impossible—transnational statistical analysis proves.

Huh 20—(PhD in Policy from the University of Bristol, Professor of Public Administration at Gyeongsang National University in South Korea, former Collaborating Researcher for the UN Research Institute for Social Development). Huh, Taewook. 2020. “Comparative and Relational Trajectory of Economic Growth and Greenhouse Gas Emission: Coupled or Decoupled?” Energies 13 (10): 2550. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102550.

over 22 years comparing thirty-seven  cases transition to a green econ  was analyzed to not appear growth and environmental problems ) are tied together . previous studies relating to the EKC yield income turning point where emissions stop . results might be statistically significant for each but international decoupling ) did not appear markets do not deal  with externalities , the EKC overlook this