Question: bioenergy is not carbon neutral

2---The link alone turns warming---bioenergy is a net-increase in emissions and lost sequestration.

Stashwick 21 [Sasha Stashwick, Sami Yassa, Nathanael Greene, October 2021. Natural Resources Defense Council “A BAD BIOMASS BET WHY THE LEADING APPROACH TO BIOMASS ENERGY WITH CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE ISN’T CARBON NEGATIVE” https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/bad-biomass-bet-beccs-ib.pdf Accessed 8.8.2024///mosuQ]

maintaining current sequestered carbon is not enough All pathways to address climate involve enhancing forest carbon sinks . bioenergy does not even maintain sequestration leads to a net shift of carbon that lasts for decades. Forgone sequestration is a significant source of emissions we must immediately reduce emissions biopower would do the opposite biopower leads to  370 kg of forgone sequestration natural gas emits 360


Question: bioenergy warming

2---The link alone turns warming---bioenergy is a net-increase in emissions and lost sequestration.

Stashwick 21 [Sasha Stashwick, Sami Yassa, Nathanael Greene, October 2021. Natural Resources Defense Council “A BAD BIOMASS BET WHY THE LEADING APPROACH TO BIOMASS ENERGY WITH CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE ISN’T CARBON NEGATIVE” https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/bad-biomass-bet-beccs-ib.pdf Accessed 8.8.2024///mosuQ]

maintaining current sequestered carbon is not enough All pathways to address climate involve enhancing forest carbon sinks . bioenergy does not even maintain sequestration leads to a net shift of carbon that lasts for decades. Forgone sequestration is a significant source of emissions we must immediately reduce emissions biopower would do the opposite biopower leads to  370 kg of forgone sequestration natural gas emits 360


Question: bioenergy emissions

2---The link alone turns warming---bioenergy is a net-increase in emissions and lost sequestration.

Stashwick 21 [Sasha Stashwick, Sami Yassa, Nathanael Greene, October 2021. Natural Resources Defense Council “A BAD BIOMASS BET WHY THE LEADING APPROACH TO BIOMASS ENERGY WITH CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE ISN’T CARBON NEGATIVE” https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/bad-biomass-bet-beccs-ib.pdf Accessed 8.8.2024///mosuQ]

maintaining current sequestered carbon is not enough All pathways to address climate involve enhancing forest carbon sinks . bioenergy does not even maintain sequestration leads to a net shift of carbon that lasts for decades. Forgone sequestration is a significant source of emissions we must immediately reduce emissions biopower would do the opposite biopower leads to  370 kg of forgone sequestration natural gas emits 360


Question: forgone sequestration emissions

2---The link alone turns warming---bioenergy is a net-increase in emissions and lost sequestration.

Stashwick 21 [Sasha Stashwick, Sami Yassa, Nathanael Greene, October 2021. Natural Resources Defense Council “A BAD BIOMASS BET WHY THE LEADING APPROACH TO BIOMASS ENERGY WITH CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE ISN’T CARBON NEGATIVE” https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/bad-biomass-bet-beccs-ib.pdf Accessed 8.8.2024///mosuQ]

maintaining current sequestered carbon is not enough All pathways to address climate involve enhancing forest carbon sinks . bioenergy does not even maintain sequestration leads to a net shift of carbon that lasts for decades. Forgone sequestration is a significant source of emissions we must immediately reduce emissions biopower would do the opposite biopower leads to  370 kg of forgone sequestration natural gas emits 360


Question: Commodifies traditional ecosystem services

The plan commodifies traditional ecosystem services, entrapping natives in commodity fetishism.

Nicolás Kosoy 10. Ecosystem Service Economics Unit, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, United Nations Environment Programme, Esteve Corbera, School of International Development, University of East Anglia; “Payments for ecosystem services as commodity fetishism”, Ecological Economics 69 (2010) 1228–1236.

everything is for sale repackaging existing commodities creating new ones and inducing wants’ sits in the centre of global capitalism amidst deep financial crisis caused by liquidity and growth beyond biophysical limits PES represent a symptom and consequence of commodity fetishism in market-based environmental governance PES disregard ecosystems complexity in order to facilitate  market transactions based on a single exchange-value imposing a trend towards monetary conservation fails to account for value and obliterates social and ecological qualities embedded in services PES create power asymmetries through price formation which do not account for services locally globally and attribution of property rights . When services are commodified , they become the basis for new socio-economic hierarchies


Question: Kosoy and Corbera

The plan commodifies traditional ecosystem services, entrapping natives in commodity fetishism.

Nicolás Kosoy 10. Ecosystem Service Economics Unit, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, United Nations Environment Programme, Esteve Corbera, School of International Development, University of East Anglia; “Payments for ecosystem services as commodity fetishism”, Ecological Economics 69 (2010) 1228–1236.

everything is for sale repackaging existing commodities creating new ones and inducing wants’ sits in the centre of global capitalism amidst deep financial crisis caused by liquidity and growth beyond biophysical limits PES represent a symptom and consequence of commodity fetishism in market-based environmental governance PES disregard ecosystems complexity in order to facilitate  market transactions based on a single exchange-value imposing a trend towards monetary conservation fails to account for value and obliterates social and ecological qualities embedded in services PES create power asymmetries through price formation which do not account for services locally globally and attribution of property rights . When services are commodified , they become the basis for new socio-economic hierarchies


Question: Commodity fetishism

The plan commodifies traditional ecosystem services, entrapping natives in commodity fetishism.

Nicolás Kosoy 10. Ecosystem Service Economics Unit, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, United Nations Environment Programme, Esteve Corbera, School of International Development, University of East Anglia; “Payments for ecosystem services as commodity fetishism”, Ecological Economics 69 (2010) 1228–1236.

everything is for sale repackaging existing commodities creating new ones and inducing wants’ sits in the centre of global capitalism amidst deep financial crisis caused by liquidity and growth beyond biophysical limits PES represent a symptom and consequence of commodity fetishism in market-based environmental governance PES disregard ecosystems complexity in order to facilitate  market transactions based on a single exchange-value imposing a trend towards monetary conservation fails to account for value and obliterates social and ecological qualities embedded in services PES create power asymmetries through price formation which do not account for services locally globally and attribution of property rights . When services are commodified , they become the basis for new socio-economic hierarchies


Question: ecosystem services commodification

The plan commodifies traditional ecosystem services, entrapping natives in commodity fetishism.

Nicolás Kosoy 10. Ecosystem Service Economics Unit, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, United Nations Environment Programme, Esteve Corbera, School of International Development, University of East Anglia; “Payments for ecosystem services as commodity fetishism”, Ecological Economics 69 (2010) 1228–1236.

everything is for sale repackaging existing commodities creating new ones and inducing wants’ sits in the centre of global capitalism amidst deep financial crisis caused by liquidity and growth beyond biophysical limits PES represent a symptom and consequence of commodity fetishism in market-based environmental governance PES disregard ecosystems complexity in order to facilitate  market transactions based on a single exchange-value imposing a trend towards monetary conservation fails to account for value and obliterates social and ecological qualities embedded in services PES create power asymmetries through price formation which do not account for services locally globally and attribution of property rights . When services are commodified , they become the basis for new socio-economic hierarchies


Question: PES commodification

The plan commodifies traditional ecosystem services, entrapping natives in commodity fetishism.

Nicolás Kosoy 10. Ecosystem Service Economics Unit, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, United Nations Environment Programme, Esteve Corbera, School of International Development, University of East Anglia; “Payments for ecosystem services as commodity fetishism”, Ecological Economics 69 (2010) 1228–1236.

everything is for sale repackaging existing commodities creating new ones and inducing wants’ sits in the centre of global capitalism amidst deep financial crisis caused by liquidity and growth beyond biophysical limits PES represent a symptom and consequence of commodity fetishism in market-based environmental governance PES disregard ecosystems complexity in order to facilitate  market transactions based on a single exchange-value imposing a trend towards monetary conservation fails to account for value and obliterates social and ecological qualities embedded in services PES create power asymmetries through price formation which do not account for services locally globally and attribution of property rights . When services are commodified , they become the basis for new socio-economic hierarchies


Question: natives trapped in commodity fetishism

The plan commodifies traditional ecosystem services, entrapping natives in commodity fetishism.

Nicolás Kosoy 10. Ecosystem Service Economics Unit, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, United Nations Environment Programme, Esteve Corbera, School of International Development, University of East Anglia; “Payments for ecosystem services as commodity fetishism”, Ecological Economics 69 (2010) 1228–1236.

everything is for sale repackaging existing commodities creating new ones and inducing wants’ sits in the centre of global capitalism amidst deep financial crisis caused by liquidity and growth beyond biophysical limits PES represent a symptom and consequence of commodity fetishism in market-based environmental governance PES disregard ecosystems complexity in order to facilitate  market transactions based on a single exchange-value imposing a trend towards monetary conservation fails to account for value and obliterates social and ecological qualities embedded in services PES create power asymmetries through price formation which do not account for services locally globally and attribution of property rights . When services are commodified , they become the basis for new socio-economic hierarchies


Question: payments for ecosystem services

The plan commodifies traditional ecosystem services, entrapping natives in commodity fetishism.

Nicolás Kosoy 10. Ecosystem Service Economics Unit, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, United Nations Environment Programme, Esteve Corbera, School of International Development, University of East Anglia; “Payments for ecosystem services as commodity fetishism”, Ecological Economics 69 (2010) 1228–1236.

everything is for sale repackaging existing commodities creating new ones and inducing wants’ sits in the centre of global capitalism amidst deep financial crisis caused by liquidity and growth beyond biophysical limits PES represent a symptom and consequence of commodity fetishism in market-based environmental governance PES disregard ecosystems complexity in order to facilitate  market transactions based on a single exchange-value imposing a trend towards monetary conservation fails to account for value and obliterates social and ecological qualities embedded in services PES create power asymmetries through price formation which do not account for services locally globally and attribution of property rights . When services are commodified , they become the basis for new socio-economic hierarchies


Question: Central planning infeasible markets solve

Central planning for the current population with green energy is infeasible and destroys the globe---markets solve.

Cwik and Engelhardt 23, *Professor of Economics and Finance at the University of Mount Olive, **Associate Professor of Economics at Kent State University (*Paul F., **Lucas M., 2023, “Revisiting the Computation Problem,” The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, Vol. 26, No. 3, University of Kansas Libraries, Lib Key)

8 billion consumers would require twenty million gigawatt-hours of power fifty billion acres of wind could generate the power. The area of the earth is 126 billion of which 70 percent is water solar farm requires an area larger than Russia The vastness of transactions precludes solving this What is the solution? the market If the problem is broken into smaller pieces market use prices to summarize the info needed reason to deny feasibility of central planning


Question: Cwik and Engelhardt 23

Central planning for the current population with green energy is infeasible and destroys the globe---markets solve.

Cwik and Engelhardt 23, *Professor of Economics and Finance at the University of Mount Olive, **Associate Professor of Economics at Kent State University (*Paul F., **Lucas M., 2023, “Revisiting the Computation Problem,” The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, Vol. 26, No. 3, University of Kansas Libraries, Lib Key)

8 billion consumers would require twenty million gigawatt-hours of power fifty billion acres of wind could generate the power. The area of the earth is 126 billion of which 70 percent is water solar farm requires an area larger than Russia The vastness of transactions precludes solving this What is the solution? the market If the problem is broken into smaller pieces market use prices to summarize the info needed reason to deny feasibility of central planning


Question: central planning with green energy

Central planning for the current population with green energy is infeasible and destroys the globe---markets solve.

Cwik and Engelhardt 23, *Professor of Economics and Finance at the University of Mount Olive, **Associate Professor of Economics at Kent State University (*Paul F., **Lucas M., 2023, “Revisiting the Computation Problem,” The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, Vol. 26, No. 3, University of Kansas Libraries, Lib Key)

8 billion consumers would require twenty million gigawatt-hours of power fifty billion acres of wind could generate the power. The area of the earth is 126 billion of which 70 percent is water solar farm requires an area larger than Russia The vastness of transactions precludes solving this What is the solution? the market If the problem is broken into smaller pieces market use prices to summarize the info needed reason to deny feasibility of central planning


Question: markets solve green energy

Central planning for the current population with green energy is infeasible and destroys the globe---markets solve.

Cwik and Engelhardt 23, *Professor of Economics and Finance at the University of Mount Olive, **Associate Professor of Economics at Kent State University (*Paul F., **Lucas M., 2023, “Revisiting the Computation Problem,” The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, Vol. 26, No. 3, University of Kansas Libraries, Lib Key)

8 billion consumers would require twenty million gigawatt-hours of power fifty billion acres of wind could generate the power. The area of the earth is 126 billion of which 70 percent is water solar farm requires an area larger than Russia The vastness of transactions precludes solving this What is the solution? the market If the problem is broken into smaller pieces market use prices to summarize the info needed reason to deny feasibility of central planning


Question: markets better than central planning

Central planning for the current population with green energy is infeasible and destroys the globe---markets solve.

Cwik and Engelhardt 23, *Professor of Economics and Finance at the University of Mount Olive, **Associate Professor of Economics at Kent State University (*Paul F., **Lucas M., 2023, “Revisiting the Computation Problem,” The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, Vol. 26, No. 3, University of Kansas Libraries, Lib Key)

8 billion consumers would require twenty million gigawatt-hours of power fifty billion acres of wind could generate the power. The area of the earth is 126 billion of which 70 percent is water solar farm requires an area larger than Russia The vastness of transactions precludes solving this What is the solution? the market If the problem is broken into smaller pieces market use prices to summarize the info needed reason to deny feasibility of central planning


Question: wind power problems

Central planning for the current population with green energy is infeasible and destroys the globe---markets solve.

Cwik and Engelhardt 23, *Professor of Economics and Finance at the University of Mount Olive, **Associate Professor of Economics at Kent State University (*Paul F., **Lucas M., 2023, “Revisiting the Computation Problem,” The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, Vol. 26, No. 3, University of Kansas Libraries, Lib Key)

8 billion consumers would require twenty million gigawatt-hours of power fifty billion acres of wind could generate the power. The area of the earth is 126 billion of which 70 percent is water solar farm requires an area larger than Russia The vastness of transactions precludes solving this What is the solution? the market If the problem is broken into smaller pieces market use prices to summarize the info needed reason to deny feasibility of central planning


Question: solar power problems

Central planning for the current population with green energy is infeasible and destroys the globe---markets solve.

Cwik and Engelhardt 23, *Professor of Economics and Finance at the University of Mount Olive, **Associate Professor of Economics at Kent State University (*Paul F., **Lucas M., 2023, “Revisiting the Computation Problem,” The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, Vol. 26, No. 3, University of Kansas Libraries, Lib Key)

8 billion consumers would require twenty million gigawatt-hours of power fifty billion acres of wind could generate the power. The area of the earth is 126 billion of which 70 percent is water solar farm requires an area larger than Russia The vastness of transactions precludes solving this What is the solution? the market If the problem is broken into smaller pieces market use prices to summarize the info needed reason to deny feasibility of central planning


Question: enjoyment of environmental crisis

The aff’s paradoxical enjoyment of environmental crisis paves a highway to Armageddon. Vote neg to rescript political subjectivation.

Pohl & Swyngedouw 23, *Postdoctoral researcher at the Geography Department of the Humboldt University Berlin **Professor of geography at the University of Manchester in the School of Environment, Education and Development and a member of the Manchester Urban Institute. (*Paul **Erik, March 2023, "Enjoying climate change: Jouissance as a political factor", Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102820)

the  environmental question  and its  articulation  with  socio-ecological dynamics  has been mainstreamed There is widespread consensus , about climate change Nonetheless the climate parameters keep eroding data affirm the  paradoxical situation access to knowledge does not guarantee effective intervention evidenced by the failure of COP27 divide between  knowledge  and  action understood as fetishistic disavowal If there is jouissance allows us to understand climate change not only a  threat  to the world, but something that is  enjoyed in forms of  climate discourses  and  practices the need to  traverse fantasies requires re-scripting  political subjectivation and our  libidinal attachments  to enjoyment


Question: Pohl & Swyngedouw 23

The aff’s paradoxical enjoyment of environmental crisis paves a highway to Armageddon. Vote neg to rescript political subjectivation.

Pohl & Swyngedouw 23, *Postdoctoral researcher at the Geography Department of the Humboldt University Berlin **Professor of geography at the University of Manchester in the School of Environment, Education and Development and a member of the Manchester Urban Institute. (*Paul **Erik, March 2023, "Enjoying climate change: Jouissance as a political factor", Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102820)

the  environmental question  and its  articulation  with  socio-ecological dynamics  has been mainstreamed There is widespread consensus , about climate change Nonetheless the climate parameters keep eroding data affirm the  paradoxical situation access to knowledge does not guarantee effective intervention evidenced by the failure of COP27 divide between  knowledge  and  action understood as fetishistic disavowal If there is jouissance allows us to understand climate change not only a  threat  to the world, but something that is  enjoyed in forms of  climate discourses  and  practices the need to  traverse fantasies requires re-scripting  political subjectivation and our  libidinal attachments  to enjoyment


Question: climate change jouissance

The aff’s paradoxical enjoyment of environmental crisis paves a highway to Armageddon. Vote neg to rescript political subjectivation.

Pohl & Swyngedouw 23, *Postdoctoral researcher at the Geography Department of the Humboldt University Berlin **Professor of geography at the University of Manchester in the School of Environment, Education and Development and a member of the Manchester Urban Institute. (*Paul **Erik, March 2023, "Enjoying climate change: Jouissance as a political factor", Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102820)

the  environmental question  and its  articulation  with  socio-ecological dynamics  has been mainstreamed There is widespread consensus , about climate change Nonetheless the climate parameters keep eroding data affirm the  paradoxical situation access to knowledge does not guarantee effective intervention evidenced by the failure of COP27 divide between  knowledge  and  action understood as fetishistic disavowal If there is jouissance allows us to understand climate change not only a  threat  to the world, but something that is  enjoyed in forms of  climate discourses  and  practices the need to  traverse fantasies requires re-scripting  political subjectivation and our  libidinal attachments  to enjoyment


Question: re-scripting political subjectivation

The aff’s paradoxical enjoyment of environmental crisis paves a highway to Armageddon. Vote neg to rescript political subjectivation.

Pohl & Swyngedouw 23, *Postdoctoral researcher at the Geography Department of the Humboldt University Berlin **Professor of geography at the University of Manchester in the School of Environment, Education and Development and a member of the Manchester Urban Institute. (*Paul **Erik, March 2023, "Enjoying climate change: Jouissance as a political factor", Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102820)

the  environmental question  and its  articulation  with  socio-ecological dynamics  has been mainstreamed There is widespread consensus , about climate change Nonetheless the climate parameters keep eroding data affirm the  paradoxical situation access to knowledge does not guarantee effective intervention evidenced by the failure of COP27 divide between  knowledge  and  action understood as fetishistic disavowal If there is jouissance allows us to understand climate change not only a  threat  to the world, but something that is  enjoyed in forms of  climate discourses  and  practices the need to  traverse fantasies requires re-scripting  political subjectivation and our  libidinal attachments  to enjoyment


Question: traverse fantasies

The aff’s paradoxical enjoyment of environmental crisis paves a highway to Armageddon. Vote neg to rescript political subjectivation.

Pohl & Swyngedouw 23, *Postdoctoral researcher at the Geography Department of the Humboldt University Berlin **Professor of geography at the University of Manchester in the School of Environment, Education and Development and a member of the Manchester Urban Institute. (*Paul **Erik, March 2023, "Enjoying climate change: Jouissance as a political factor", Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102820)

the  environmental question  and its  articulation  with  socio-ecological dynamics  has been mainstreamed There is widespread consensus , about climate change Nonetheless the climate parameters keep eroding data affirm the  paradoxical situation access to knowledge does not guarantee effective intervention evidenced by the failure of COP27 divide between  knowledge  and  action understood as fetishistic disavowal If there is jouissance allows us to understand climate change not only a  threat  to the world, but something that is  enjoyed in forms of  climate discourses  and  practices the need to  traverse fantasies requires re-scripting  political subjectivation and our  libidinal attachments  to enjoyment


Question: climate discourses and practices

The aff’s paradoxical enjoyment of environmental crisis paves a highway to Armageddon. Vote neg to rescript political subjectivation.

Pohl & Swyngedouw 23, *Postdoctoral researcher at the Geography Department of the Humboldt University Berlin **Professor of geography at the University of Manchester in the School of Environment, Education and Development and a member of the Manchester Urban Institute. (*Paul **Erik, March 2023, "Enjoying climate change: Jouissance as a political factor", Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102820)

the  environmental question  and its  articulation  with  socio-ecological dynamics  has been mainstreamed There is widespread consensus , about climate change Nonetheless the climate parameters keep eroding data affirm the  paradoxical situation access to knowledge does not guarantee effective intervention evidenced by the failure of COP27 divide between  knowledge  and  action understood as fetishistic disavowal If there is jouissance allows us to understand climate change not only a  threat  to the world, but something that is  enjoyed in forms of  climate discourses  and  practices the need to  traverse fantasies requires re-scripting  political subjectivation and our  libidinal attachments  to enjoyment


Question: enjoying climate change

The aff’s paradoxical enjoyment of environmental crisis paves a highway to Armageddon. Vote neg to rescript political subjectivation.

Pohl & Swyngedouw 23, *Postdoctoral researcher at the Geography Department of the Humboldt University Berlin **Professor of geography at the University of Manchester in the School of Environment, Education and Development and a member of the Manchester Urban Institute. (*Paul **Erik, March 2023, "Enjoying climate change: Jouissance as a political factor", Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102820)

the  environmental question  and its  articulation  with  socio-ecological dynamics  has been mainstreamed There is widespread consensus , about climate change Nonetheless the climate parameters keep eroding data affirm the  paradoxical situation access to knowledge does not guarantee effective intervention evidenced by the failure of COP27 divide between  knowledge  and  action understood as fetishistic disavowal If there is jouissance allows us to understand climate change not only a  threat  to the world, but something that is  enjoyed in forms of  climate discourses  and  practices the need to  traverse fantasies requires re-scripting  political subjectivation and our  libidinal attachments  to enjoyment


Question: SRM rationalization causes extinction

Unregulated SRM sparks total rationalization. Extinction.

Thomas Moynihan 21, PhD, Oriel College. Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute & Berkeley Existential Risk Initiative, "The Interesting Case of Prince Vladimir Odoevsky and His Speculations on Civilization’s Trajectories: Early Thoughts on Omnicide, Lunar Prospecting, Geoengineering, World Government & Planetary Defense," Futures, Vol. 129, May 2021, ScienceDirect. [brackets inserted for clarity]

geoengineering attain such predictive mastery  over nature disasters be eradicated world cultivated  to a perfect artifice cause extinction Individuals govern as if the  last of the species modernity destroy morals detaching them making  humanity infertile and endanger  the ‘species enable spread of “ disease to  all the globe Nature artificialized causes  overpopulation , ecological destruction , and  resource depletion sentience brought suffering all experiences  are means to  protect humanity  primes planet for detonation disintegrating earth forest management reduce emissions forest strategy increasing forest carbon stocks , while producing a energy generate the largest mitigation benefit." Forest carbon policy can be a part of a energy policy that provides energy independence and carbon benefits C E P Benefits Wildlife clean energy solutions protect wildlife and reduce pollution. Energy policy involves interventions in coal , electricity , oil and gas nuclear and renewable energy , and efficiency analytical differentiation can be made between energy policy as a whole and specific subsets we can individuate general energy policy subdivision allows to clarify subject of analysis if it is energy policy as a whole instead interventions in a subset "enact" does not include actions of a court the term "adopt" is not limited. Courts make law through adoption of rules or common-law principles . See Carrow ;  Judson Executive agencies are empowered to "adopt" rules and regulations . See, e.g., A.R.S. the terms " enact " and "adopt" must contemplate different things, or one term will be superfluous Black's Law defines policy as general principles by which a government is guided These indicate policy does not necessarily prescribe a mandatory course of conduct approach operate as tax on wildfire emissions , with tax set at s c c one get the same result fashioning this as a tax. instruments like liability taxes and emission trading fix a price for pollution but leave it up to polluter to choose the tech Those instruments are market-based as they provide incentives to continuously improve performance with taxes polluters are liable to pay the tax for non-abated emissions part of a Pigouvian tax’s purpose Liability is economically equivalent to a tax policy formulation is the stage options recognized at agenda- setting identified to shape decision making variety of actors might be involved formulation comprises several ‘components’ options assessed recommendations made on policy design proposal identifies which will advance to ratification Prior to adoption it undergoes design in instruments lit categories are reg s ; m -  b i s ; voluntary and info Policymakers select according to efficacy ’ political feasibility ’ agreement is sought decision can be taken once agreement reached formulation may not culminate in adoption of settled ‘policy’ formulation occurs in venues where policies obtain support, and adopted as binding including federal , state local international legislatures , executives judiciary expert committees ’ U.S. F S budget has a direct effect on wildfire risk agency is candidate for retrenchment , as Trump eye spending cuts. Trump , a Republican Congress assault government capacity. What’s needed is funding that enables F S to manage public lands GOP mull ways to offset $5 trillion tax cuts uncertainty negatively affect public lands , from biodiversity and wildfire mitigation. quality legal language is a precondition for comprehensibility by citizens. the legal language of national regulation remains an under-appreciated commodity clarity with transparency is the litmus test for regulators to convince addressees of their proposals. fire borrowing effect ability of land managers to plan and execute a normal program Even the threat of fire borrowing made contracting and planning difficult when we invest in restoration to reduce intensity and impacts of wildfire  we find opposite happening. water policy does not choose only one technics but a wide variety of ways of understanding water do we have to choose seeing water as everyday knowledge a instrument whose role derives from relation to Being all are valid requiring careful articulation rather than being in competition distinguish nuclear danger from destruction result should tech solve all The line between opposing calculative  thinking and disregarding devastation is drawn from the comfort of affluence destruction  is not an abstract worry but an immediate threat We are cautioned not to rush to action meditating involves difficult practi cal choices. To sit still is deliberate I consider eco destruction ontological and corporeal If I choose to reduce toxicity am I falling prey to control? are philosophers who spend hours meditating released from tech I think not meditative dwellers become a restate ment of the instrumentalist assertion that Our minds are free to define the ontolog ical form of our lives technosystems are designed so we cannot put them aside the political collapses into the ontological he is disinterested in Who should control security forces ? What legal restrictions should there be? To what degree the state intervene in markets This raises the question of political responsibility with a concrete situation which is materially mediated failure to recognise the political as a logic of its own will prove disruptive Heidegger is reluctant to grapple with econ and power without entering supposedly technological frameworks ontological purity requires suppression of the political Diverting 50% of stalks to biofuels meet global peak demand No food required 3% of land mass supply all biofuels grain stalks are already waste biofuel use waste food We produce vastly more than humanity requires and waste absurd amounts first component is to treat federal forests as federal facilities There is precedent federal facilities are liable under the Clean Air and Water Acts Making federal forests liable as federal facilities can be viewed as analogous state regulation of federal facilities is preempted waivers have been interpreted narrowly D o J backs federal agencies’ refusal to comply with state law Progressive federalism isn’t a cure-all indebted states find resisting too expensive states  intermittently  flout national policy and majority bring them in line price be federal expenditure of p c dissent chum  our system to a pulp by  exposing national norms  to  perpetual  challenge uncooperative federalism For liberals is a alt to legislative setbacks But federalism can backfire Federalism is attractive when your party isn’t in power and you’re scrambling to figure out how not to see roll backs of legislation But federalism is long-term opportunistic federalists looking for temporary advantage find they set a dangerous precedent E P A just finalized one of Biden ’s only outstanding climate rules The new rule charges oil and gas producers a fee for wasting methane Thune has a " fairly lengthy list " of last-minute Biden reg s Republicans may try to undo Cruz will kick things off by introducing resolutions to erase Biden moves on crypto , energy  and internet access Cruz expects to move " expeditiously One would rescind a December reg by the Energy Department that regulated gas water heaters Policy adoption is final stage in policy process Despite differing emphases perspectives converge on operational definition of policy adoption, typically through legislative enactment or executive orders to reach a firm decision about


Question: Moynihan 21

Unregulated SRM sparks total rationalization. Extinction.

Thomas Moynihan 21, PhD, Oriel College. Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute & Berkeley Existential Risk Initiative, "The Interesting Case of Prince Vladimir Odoevsky and His Speculations on Civilization’s Trajectories: Early Thoughts on Omnicide, Lunar Prospecting, Geoengineering, World Government & Planetary Defense," Futures, Vol. 129, May 2021, ScienceDirect. [brackets inserted for clarity]

geoengineering attain such predictive mastery  over nature disasters be eradicated world cultivated  to a perfect artifice cause extinction Individuals govern as if the  last of the species modernity destroy morals detaching them making  humanity infertile and endanger  the ‘species enable spread of “ disease to  all the globe Nature artificialized causes  overpopulation , ecological destruction , and  resource depletion sentience brought suffering all experiences  are means to  protect humanity  primes planet for detonation disintegrating earth forest management reduce emissions forest strategy increasing forest carbon stocks , while producing a energy generate the largest mitigation benefit." Forest carbon policy can be a part of a energy policy that provides energy independence and carbon benefits C E P Benefits Wildlife clean energy solutions protect wildlife and reduce pollution. Energy policy involves interventions in coal , electricity , oil and gas nuclear and renewable energy , and efficiency analytical differentiation can be made between energy policy as a whole and specific subsets we can individuate general energy policy subdivision allows to clarify subject of analysis if it is energy policy as a whole instead interventions in a subset "enact" does not include actions of a court the term "adopt" is not limited. Courts make law through adoption of rules or common-law principles . See Carrow ;  Judson Executive agencies are empowered to "adopt" rules and regulations . See, e.g., A.R.S. the terms " enact " and "adopt" must contemplate different things, or one term will be superfluous Black's Law defines policy as general principles by which a government is guided These indicate policy does not necessarily prescribe a mandatory course of conduct approach operate as tax on wildfire emissions , with tax set at s c c one get the same result fashioning this as a tax. instruments like liability taxes and emission trading fix a price for pollution but leave it up to polluter to choose the tech Those instruments are market-based as they provide incentives to continuously improve performance with taxes polluters are liable to pay the tax for non-abated emissions part of a Pigouvian tax’s purpose Liability is economically equivalent to a tax policy formulation is the stage options recognized at agenda- setting identified to shape decision making variety of actors might be involved formulation comprises several ‘components’ options assessed recommendations made on policy design proposal identifies which will advance to ratification Prior to adoption it undergoes design in instruments lit categories are reg s ; m -  b i s ; voluntary and info Policymakers select according to efficacy ’ political feasibility ’ agreement is sought decision can be taken once agreement reached formulation may not culminate in adoption of settled ‘policy’ formulation occurs in venues where policies obtain support, and adopted as binding including federal , state local international legislatures , executives judiciary expert committees ’ U.S. F S budget has a direct effect on wildfire risk agency is candidate for retrenchment , as Trump eye spending cuts. Trump , a Republican Congress assault government capacity. What’s needed is funding that enables F S to manage public lands GOP mull ways to offset $5 trillion tax cuts uncertainty negatively affect public lands , from biodiversity and wildfire mitigation. quality legal language is a precondition for comprehensibility by citizens. the legal language of national regulation remains an under-appreciated commodity clarity with transparency is the litmus test for regulators to convince addressees of their proposals. fire borrowing effect ability of land managers to plan and execute a normal program Even the threat of fire borrowing made contracting and planning difficult when we invest in restoration to reduce intensity and impacts of wildfire  we find opposite happening. water policy does not choose only one technics but a wide variety of ways of understanding water do we have to choose seeing water as everyday knowledge a instrument whose role derives from relation to Being all are valid requiring careful articulation rather than being in competition distinguish nuclear danger from destruction result should tech solve all The line between opposing calculative  thinking and disregarding devastation is drawn from the comfort of affluence destruction  is not an abstract worry but an immediate threat We are cautioned not to rush to action meditating involves difficult practi cal choices. To sit still is deliberate I consider eco destruction ontological and corporeal If I choose to reduce toxicity am I falling prey to control? are philosophers who spend hours meditating released from tech I think not meditative dwellers become a restate ment of the instrumentalist assertion that Our minds are free to define the ontolog ical form of our lives technosystems are designed so we cannot put them aside the political collapses into the ontological he is disinterested in Who should control security forces ? What legal restrictions should there be? To what degree the state intervene in markets This raises the question of political responsibility with a concrete situation which is materially mediated failure to recognise the political as a logic of its own will prove disruptive Heidegger is reluctant to grapple with econ and power without entering supposedly technological frameworks ontological purity requires suppression of the political Diverting 50% of stalks to biofuels meet global peak demand No food required 3% of land mass supply all biofuels grain stalks are already waste biofuel use waste food We produce vastly more than humanity requires and waste absurd amounts first component is to treat federal forests as federal facilities There is precedent federal facilities are liable under the Clean Air and Water Acts Making federal forests liable as federal facilities can be viewed as analogous state regulation of federal facilities is preempted waivers have been interpreted narrowly D o J backs federal agencies’ refusal to comply with state law Progressive federalism isn’t a cure-all indebted states find resisting too expensive states  intermittently  flout national policy and majority bring them in line price be federal expenditure of p c dissent chum  our system to a pulp by  exposing national norms  to  perpetual  challenge uncooperative federalism For liberals is a alt to legislative setbacks But federalism can backfire Federalism is attractive when your party isn’t in power and you’re scrambling to figure out how not to see roll backs of legislation But federalism is long-term opportunistic federalists looking for temporary advantage find they set a dangerous precedent E P A just finalized one of Biden ’s only outstanding climate rules The new rule charges oil and gas producers a fee for wasting methane Thune has a " fairly lengthy list " of last-minute Biden reg s Republicans may try to undo Cruz will kick things off by introducing resolutions to erase Biden moves on crypto , energy  and internet access Cruz expects to move " expeditiously One would rescind a December reg by the Energy Department that regulated gas water heaters Policy adoption is final stage in policy process Despite differing emphases perspectives converge on operational definition of policy adoption, typically through legislative enactment or executive orders to reach a firm decision about


Question: Thomas Moynihan geoengineering

Unregulated SRM sparks total rationalization. Extinction.

Thomas Moynihan 21, PhD, Oriel College. Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute & Berkeley Existential Risk Initiative, "The Interesting Case of Prince Vladimir Odoevsky and His Speculations on Civilization’s Trajectories: Early Thoughts on Omnicide, Lunar Prospecting, Geoengineering, World Government & Planetary Defense," Futures, Vol. 129, May 2021, ScienceDirect. [brackets inserted for clarity]

geoengineering attain such predictive mastery  over nature disasters be eradicated world cultivated  to a perfect artifice cause extinction Individuals govern as if the  last of the species modernity destroy morals detaching them making  humanity infertile and endanger  the ‘species enable spread of “ disease to  all the globe Nature artificialized causes  overpopulation , ecological destruction , and  resource depletion sentience brought suffering all experiences  are means to  protect humanity  primes planet for detonation disintegrating earth forest management reduce emissions forest strategy increasing forest carbon stocks , while producing a energy generate the largest mitigation benefit." Forest carbon policy can be a part of a energy policy that provides energy independence and carbon benefits C E P Benefits Wildlife clean energy solutions protect wildlife and reduce pollution. Energy policy involves interventions in coal , electricity , oil and gas nuclear and renewable energy , and efficiency analytical differentiation can be made between energy policy as a whole and specific subsets we can individuate general energy policy subdivision allows to clarify subject of analysis if it is energy policy as a whole instead interventions in a subset "enact" does not include actions of a court the term "adopt" is not limited. Courts make law through adoption of rules or common-law principles . See Carrow ;  Judson Executive agencies are empowered to "adopt" rules and regulations . See, e.g., A.R.S. the terms " enact " and "adopt" must contemplate different things, or one term will be superfluous Black's Law defines policy as general principles by which a government is guided These indicate policy does not necessarily prescribe a mandatory course of conduct approach operate as tax on wildfire emissions , with tax set at s c c one get the same result fashioning this as a tax. instruments like liability taxes and emission trading fix a price for pollution but leave it up to polluter to choose the tech Those instruments are market-based as they provide incentives to continuously improve performance with taxes polluters are liable to pay the tax for non-abated emissions part of a Pigouvian tax’s purpose Liability is economically equivalent to a tax policy formulation is the stage options recognized at agenda- setting identified to shape decision making variety of actors might be involved formulation comprises several ‘components’ options assessed recommendations made on policy design proposal identifies which will advance to ratification Prior to adoption it undergoes design in instruments lit categories are reg s ; m -  b i s ; voluntary and info Policymakers select according to efficacy ’ political feasibility ’ agreement is sought decision can be taken once agreement reached formulation may not culminate in adoption of settled ‘policy’ formulation occurs in venues where policies obtain support, and adopted as binding including federal , state local international legislatures , executives judiciary expert committees ’ U.S. F S budget has a direct effect on wildfire risk agency is candidate for retrenchment , as Trump eye spending cuts. Trump , a Republican Congress assault government capacity. What’s needed is funding that enables F S to manage public lands GOP mull ways to offset $5 trillion tax cuts uncertainty negatively affect public lands , from biodiversity and wildfire mitigation. quality legal language is a precondition for comprehensibility by citizens. the legal language of national regulation remains an under-appreciated commodity clarity with transparency is the litmus test for regulators to convince addressees of their proposals. fire borrowing effect ability of land managers to plan and execute a normal program Even the threat of fire borrowing made contracting and planning difficult when we invest in restoration to reduce intensity and impacts of wildfire  we find opposite happening. water policy does not choose only one technics but a wide variety of ways of understanding water do we have to choose seeing water as everyday knowledge a instrument whose role derives from relation to Being all are valid requiring careful articulation rather than being in competition distinguish nuclear danger from destruction result should tech solve all The line between opposing calculative  thinking and disregarding devastation is drawn from the comfort of affluence destruction  is not an abstract worry but an immediate threat We are cautioned not to rush to action meditating involves difficult practi cal choices. To sit still is deliberate I consider eco destruction ontological and corporeal If I choose to reduce toxicity am I falling prey to control? are philosophers who spend hours meditating released from tech I think not meditative dwellers become a restate ment of the instrumentalist assertion that Our minds are free to define the ontolog ical form of our lives technosystems are designed so we cannot put them aside the political collapses into the ontological he is disinterested in Who should control security forces ? What legal restrictions should there be? To what degree the state intervene in markets This raises the question of political responsibility with a concrete situation which is materially mediated failure to recognise the political as a logic of its own will prove disruptive Heidegger is reluctant to grapple with econ and power without entering supposedly technological frameworks ontological purity requires suppression of the political Diverting 50% of stalks to biofuels meet global peak demand No food required 3% of land mass supply all biofuels grain stalks are already waste biofuel use waste food We produce vastly more than humanity requires and waste absurd amounts first component is to treat federal forests as federal facilities There is precedent federal facilities are liable under the Clean Air and Water Acts Making federal forests liable as federal facilities can be viewed as analogous state regulation of federal facilities is preempted waivers have been interpreted narrowly D o J backs federal agencies’ refusal to comply with state law Progressive federalism isn’t a cure-all indebted states find resisting too expensive states  intermittently  flout national policy and majority bring them in line price be federal expenditure of p c dissent chum  our system to a pulp by  exposing national norms  to  perpetual  challenge uncooperative federalism For liberals is a alt to legislative setbacks But federalism can backfire Federalism is attractive when your party isn’t in power and you’re scrambling to figure out how not to see roll backs of legislation But federalism is long-term opportunistic federalists looking for temporary advantage find they set a dangerous precedent E P A just finalized one of Biden ’s only outstanding climate rules The new rule charges oil and gas producers a fee for wasting methane Thune has a " fairly lengthy list " of last-minute Biden reg s Republicans may try to undo Cruz will kick things off by introducing resolutions to erase Biden moves on crypto , energy  and internet access Cruz expects to move " expeditiously One would rescind a December reg by the Energy Department that regulated gas water heaters Policy adoption is final stage in policy process Despite differing emphases perspectives converge on operational definition of policy adoption, typically through legislative enactment or executive orders to reach a firm decision about


Question: Geoengineering causes extinction

Unregulated SRM sparks total rationalization. Extinction.

Thomas Moynihan 21, PhD, Oriel College. Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute & Berkeley Existential Risk Initiative, "The Interesting Case of Prince Vladimir Odoevsky and His Speculations on Civilization’s Trajectories: Early Thoughts on Omnicide, Lunar Prospecting, Geoengineering, World Government & Planetary Defense," Futures, Vol. 129, May 2021, ScienceDirect. [brackets inserted for clarity]

geoengineering attain such predictive mastery  over nature disasters be eradicated world cultivated  to a perfect artifice cause extinction Individuals govern as if the  last of the species modernity destroy morals detaching them making  humanity infertile and endanger  the ‘species enable spread of “ disease to  all the globe Nature artificialized causes  overpopulation , ecological destruction , and  resource depletion sentience brought suffering all experiences  are means to  protect humanity  primes planet for detonation disintegrating earth forest management reduce emissions forest strategy increasing forest carbon stocks , while producing a energy generate the largest mitigation benefit." Forest carbon policy can be a part of a energy policy that provides energy independence and carbon benefits C E P Benefits Wildlife clean energy solutions protect wildlife and reduce pollution. Energy policy involves interventions in coal , electricity , oil and gas nuclear and renewable energy , and efficiency analytical differentiation can be made between energy policy as a whole and specific subsets we can individuate general energy policy subdivision allows to clarify subject of analysis if it is energy policy as a whole instead interventions in a subset "enact" does not include actions of a court the term "adopt" is not limited. Courts make law through adoption of rules or common-law principles . See Carrow ;  Judson Executive agencies are empowered to "adopt" rules and regulations . See, e.g., A.R.S. the terms " enact " and "adopt" must contemplate different things, or one term will be superfluous Black's Law defines policy as general principles by which a government is guided These indicate policy does not necessarily prescribe a mandatory course of conduct approach operate as tax on wildfire emissions , with tax set at s c c one get the same result fashioning this as a tax. instruments like liability taxes and emission trading fix a price for pollution but leave it up to polluter to choose the tech Those instruments are market-based as they provide incentives to continuously improve performance with taxes polluters are liable to pay the tax for non-abated emissions part of a Pigouvian tax’s purpose Liability is economically equivalent to a tax policy formulation is the stage options recognized at agenda- setting identified to shape decision making variety of actors might be involved formulation comprises several ‘components’ options assessed recommendations made on policy design proposal identifies which will advance to ratification Prior to adoption it undergoes design in instruments lit categories are reg s ; m -  b i s ; voluntary and info Policymakers select according to efficacy ’ political feasibility ’ agreement is sought decision can be taken once agreement reached formulation may not culminate in adoption of settled ‘policy’ formulation occurs in venues where policies obtain support, and adopted as binding including federal , state local international legislatures , executives judiciary expert committees ’ U.S. F S budget has a direct effect on wildfire risk agency is candidate for retrenchment , as Trump eye spending cuts. Trump , a Republican Congress assault government capacity. What’s needed is funding that enables F S to manage public lands GOP mull ways to offset $5 trillion tax cuts uncertainty negatively affect public lands , from biodiversity and wildfire mitigation. quality legal language is a precondition for comprehensibility by citizens. the legal language of national regulation remains an under-appreciated commodity clarity with transparency is the litmus test for regulators to convince addressees of their proposals. fire borrowing effect ability of land managers to plan and execute a normal program Even the threat of fire borrowing made contracting and planning difficult when we invest in restoration to reduce intensity and impacts of wildfire  we find opposite happening. water policy does not choose only one technics but a wide variety of ways of understanding water do we have to choose seeing water as everyday knowledge a instrument whose role derives from relation to Being all are valid requiring careful articulation rather than being in competition distinguish nuclear danger from destruction result should tech solve all The line between opposing calculative  thinking and disregarding devastation is drawn from the comfort of affluence destruction  is not an abstract worry but an immediate threat We are cautioned not to rush to action meditating involves difficult practi cal choices. To sit still is deliberate I consider eco destruction ontological and corporeal If I choose to reduce toxicity am I falling prey to control? are philosophers who spend hours meditating released from tech I think not meditative dwellers become a restate ment of the instrumentalist assertion that Our minds are free to define the ontolog ical form of our lives technosystems are designed so we cannot put them aside the political collapses into the ontological he is disinterested in Who should control security forces ? What legal restrictions should there be? To what degree the state intervene in markets This raises the question of political responsibility with a concrete situation which is materially mediated failure to recognise the political as a logic of its own will prove disruptive Heidegger is reluctant to grapple with econ and power without entering supposedly technological frameworks ontological purity requires suppression of the political Diverting 50% of stalks to biofuels meet global peak demand No food required 3% of land mass supply all biofuels grain stalks are already waste biofuel use waste food We produce vastly more than humanity requires and waste absurd amounts first component is to treat federal forests as federal facilities There is precedent federal facilities are liable under the Clean Air and Water Acts Making federal forests liable as federal facilities can be viewed as analogous state regulation of federal facilities is preempted waivers have been interpreted narrowly D o J backs federal agencies’ refusal to comply with state law Progressive federalism isn’t a cure-all indebted states find resisting too expensive states  intermittently  flout national policy and majority bring them in line price be federal expenditure of p c dissent chum  our system to a pulp by  exposing national norms  to  perpetual  challenge uncooperative federalism For liberals is a alt to legislative setbacks But federalism can backfire Federalism is attractive when your party isn’t in power and you’re scrambling to figure out how not to see roll backs of legislation But federalism is long-term opportunistic federalists looking for temporary advantage find they set a dangerous precedent E P A just finalized one of Biden ’s only outstanding climate rules The new rule charges oil and gas producers a fee for wasting methane Thune has a " fairly lengthy list " of last-minute Biden reg s Republicans may try to undo Cruz will kick things off by introducing resolutions to erase Biden moves on crypto , energy  and internet access Cruz expects to move " expeditiously One would rescind a December reg by the Energy Department that regulated gas water heaters Policy adoption is final stage in policy process Despite differing emphases perspectives converge on operational definition of policy adoption, typically through legislative enactment or executive orders to reach a firm decision about


Question: unregulated SRM

Unregulated SRM sparks total rationalization. Extinction.

Thomas Moynihan 21, PhD, Oriel College. Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute & Berkeley Existential Risk Initiative, "The Interesting Case of Prince Vladimir Odoevsky and His Speculations on Civilization’s Trajectories: Early Thoughts on Omnicide, Lunar Prospecting, Geoengineering, World Government & Planetary Defense," Futures, Vol. 129, May 2021, ScienceDirect. [brackets inserted for clarity]

geoengineering attain such predictive mastery  over nature disasters be eradicated world cultivated  to a perfect artifice cause extinction Individuals govern as if the  last of the species modernity destroy morals detaching them making  humanity infertile and endanger  the ‘species enable spread of “ disease to  all the globe Nature artificialized causes  overpopulation , ecological destruction , and  resource depletion sentience brought suffering all experiences  are means to  protect humanity  primes planet for detonation disintegrating earth forest management reduce emissions forest strategy increasing forest carbon stocks , while producing a energy generate the largest mitigation benefit." Forest carbon policy can be a part of a energy policy that provides energy independence and carbon benefits C E P Benefits Wildlife clean energy solutions protect wildlife and reduce pollution. Energy policy involves interventions in coal , electricity , oil and gas nuclear and renewable energy , and efficiency analytical differentiation can be made between energy policy as a whole and specific subsets we can individuate general energy policy subdivision allows to clarify subject of analysis if it is energy policy as a whole instead interventions in a subset "enact" does not include actions of a court the term "adopt" is not limited. Courts make law through adoption of rules or common-law principles . See Carrow ;  Judson Executive agencies are empowered to "adopt" rules and regulations . See, e.g., A.R.S. the terms " enact " and "adopt" must contemplate different things, or one term will be superfluous Black's Law defines policy as general principles by which a government is guided These indicate policy does not necessarily prescribe a mandatory course of conduct approach operate as tax on wildfire emissions , with tax set at s c c one get the same result fashioning this as a tax. instruments like liability taxes and emission trading fix a price for pollution but leave it up to polluter to choose the tech Those instruments are market-based as they provide incentives to continuously improve performance with taxes polluters are liable to pay the tax for non-abated emissions part of a Pigouvian tax’s purpose Liability is economically equivalent to a tax policy formulation is the stage options recognized at agenda- setting identified to shape decision making variety of actors might be involved formulation comprises several ‘components’ options assessed recommendations made on policy design proposal identifies which will advance to ratification Prior to adoption it undergoes design in instruments lit categories are reg s ; m -  b i s ; voluntary and info Policymakers select according to efficacy ’ political feasibility ’ agreement is sought decision can be taken once agreement reached formulation may not culminate in adoption of settled ‘policy’ formulation occurs in venues where policies obtain support, and adopted as binding including federal , state local international legislatures , executives judiciary expert committees ’ U.S. F S budget has a direct effect on wildfire risk agency is candidate for retrenchment , as Trump eye spending cuts. Trump , a Republican Congress assault government capacity. What’s needed is funding that enables F S to manage public lands GOP mull ways to offset $5 trillion tax cuts uncertainty negatively affect public lands , from biodiversity and wildfire mitigation. quality legal language is a precondition for comprehensibility by citizens. the legal language of national regulation remains an under-appreciated commodity clarity with transparency is the litmus test for regulators to convince addressees of their proposals. fire borrowing effect ability of land managers to plan and execute a normal program Even the threat of fire borrowing made contracting and planning difficult when we invest in restoration to reduce intensity and impacts of wildfire  we find opposite happening. water policy does not choose only one technics but a wide variety of ways of understanding water do we have to choose seeing water as everyday knowledge a instrument whose role derives from relation to Being all are valid requiring careful articulation rather than being in competition distinguish nuclear danger from destruction result should tech solve all The line between opposing calculative  thinking and disregarding devastation is drawn from the comfort of affluence destruction  is not an abstract worry but an immediate threat We are cautioned not to rush to action meditating involves difficult practi cal choices. To sit still is deliberate I consider eco destruction ontological and corporeal If I choose to reduce toxicity am I falling prey to control? are philosophers who spend hours meditating released from tech I think not meditative dwellers become a restate ment of the instrumentalist assertion that Our minds are free to define the ontolog ical form of our lives technosystems are designed so we cannot put them aside the political collapses into the ontological he is disinterested in Who should control security forces ? What legal restrictions should there be? To what degree the state intervene in markets This raises the question of political responsibility with a concrete situation which is materially mediated failure to recognise the political as a logic of its own will prove disruptive Heidegger is reluctant to grapple with econ and power without entering supposedly technological frameworks ontological purity requires suppression of the political Diverting 50% of stalks to biofuels meet global peak demand No food required 3% of land mass supply all biofuels grain stalks are already waste biofuel use waste food We produce vastly more than humanity requires and waste absurd amounts first component is to treat federal forests as federal facilities There is precedent federal facilities are liable under the Clean Air and Water Acts Making federal forests liable as federal facilities can be viewed as analogous state regulation of federal facilities is preempted waivers have been interpreted narrowly D o J backs federal agencies’ refusal to comply with state law Progressive federalism isn’t a cure-all indebted states find resisting too expensive states  intermittently  flout national policy and majority bring them in line price be federal expenditure of p c dissent chum  our system to a pulp by  exposing national norms  to  perpetual  challenge uncooperative federalism For liberals is a alt to legislative setbacks But federalism can backfire Federalism is attractive when your party isn’t in power and you’re scrambling to figure out how not to see roll backs of legislation But federalism is long-term opportunistic federalists looking for temporary advantage find they set a dangerous precedent E P A just finalized one of Biden ’s only outstanding climate rules The new rule charges oil and gas producers a fee for wasting methane Thune has a " fairly lengthy list " of last-minute Biden reg s Republicans may try to undo Cruz will kick things off by introducing resolutions to erase Biden moves on crypto , energy  and internet access Cruz expects to move " expeditiously One would rescind a December reg by the Energy Department that regulated gas water heaters Policy adoption is final stage in policy process Despite differing emphases perspectives converge on operational definition of policy adoption, typically through legislative enactment or executive orders to reach a firm decision about


Question: Policy adoption

Unregulated SRM sparks total rationalization. Extinction.

Thomas Moynihan 21, PhD, Oriel College. Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute & Berkeley Existential Risk Initiative, "The Interesting Case of Prince Vladimir Odoevsky and His Speculations on Civilization’s Trajectories: Early Thoughts on Omnicide, Lunar Prospecting, Geoengineering, World Government & Planetary Defense," Futures, Vol. 129, May 2021, ScienceDirect. [brackets inserted for clarity]

geoengineering attain such predictive mastery  over nature disasters be eradicated world cultivated  to a perfect artifice cause extinction Individuals govern as if the  last of the species modernity destroy morals detaching them making  humanity infertile and endanger  the ‘species enable spread of “ disease to  all the globe Nature artificialized causes  overpopulation , ecological destruction , and  resource depletion sentience brought suffering all experiences  are means to  protect humanity  primes planet for detonation disintegrating earth forest management reduce emissions forest strategy increasing forest carbon stocks , while producing a energy generate the largest mitigation benefit." Forest carbon policy can be a part of a energy policy that provides energy independence and carbon benefits C E P Benefits Wildlife clean energy solutions protect wildlife and reduce pollution. Energy policy involves interventions in coal , electricity , oil and gas nuclear and renewable energy , and efficiency analytical differentiation can be made between energy policy as a whole and specific subsets we can individuate general energy policy subdivision allows to clarify subject of analysis if it is energy policy as a whole instead interventions in a subset "enact" does not include actions of a court the term "adopt" is not limited. Courts make law through adoption of rules or common-law principles . See Carrow ;  Judson Executive agencies are empowered to "adopt" rules and regulations . See, e.g., A.R.S. the terms " enact " and "adopt" must contemplate different things, or one term will be superfluous Black's Law defines policy as general principles by which a government is guided These indicate policy does not necessarily prescribe a mandatory course of conduct approach operate as tax on wildfire emissions , with tax set at s c c one get the same result fashioning this as a tax. instruments like liability taxes and emission trading fix a price for pollution but leave it up to polluter to choose the tech Those instruments are market-based as they provide incentives to continuously improve performance with taxes polluters are liable to pay the tax for non-abated emissions part of a Pigouvian tax’s purpose Liability is economically equivalent to a tax policy formulation is the stage options recognized at agenda- setting identified to shape decision making variety of actors might be involved formulation comprises several ‘components’ options assessed recommendations made on policy design proposal identifies which will advance to ratification Prior to adoption it undergoes design in instruments lit categories are reg s ; m -  b i s ; voluntary and info Policymakers select according to efficacy ’ political feasibility ’ agreement is sought decision can be taken once agreement reached formulation may not culminate in adoption of settled ‘policy’ formulation occurs in venues where policies obtain support, and adopted as binding including federal , state local international legislatures , executives judiciary expert committees ’ U.S. F S budget has a direct effect on wildfire risk agency is candidate for retrenchment , as Trump eye spending cuts. Trump , a Republican Congress assault government capacity. What’s needed is funding that enables F S to manage public lands GOP mull ways to offset $5 trillion tax cuts uncertainty negatively affect public lands , from biodiversity and wildfire mitigation. quality legal language is a precondition for comprehensibility by citizens. the legal language of national regulation remains an under-appreciated commodity clarity with transparency is the litmus test for regulators to convince addressees of their proposals. fire borrowing effect ability of land managers to plan and execute a normal program Even the threat of fire borrowing made contracting and planning difficult when we invest in restoration to reduce intensity and impacts of wildfire  we find opposite happening. water policy does not choose only one technics but a wide variety of ways of understanding water do we have to choose seeing water as everyday knowledge a instrument whose role derives from relation to Being all are valid requiring careful articulation rather than being in competition distinguish nuclear danger from destruction result should tech solve all The line between opposing calculative  thinking and disregarding devastation is drawn from the comfort of affluence destruction  is not an abstract worry but an immediate threat We are cautioned not to rush to action meditating involves difficult practi cal choices. To sit still is deliberate I consider eco destruction ontological and corporeal If I choose to reduce toxicity am I falling prey to control? are philosophers who spend hours meditating released from tech I think not meditative dwellers become a restate ment of the instrumentalist assertion that Our minds are free to define the ontolog ical form of our lives technosystems are designed so we cannot put them aside the political collapses into the ontological he is disinterested in Who should control security forces ? What legal restrictions should there be? To what degree the state intervene in markets This raises the question of political responsibility with a concrete situation which is materially mediated failure to recognise the political as a logic of its own will prove disruptive Heidegger is reluctant to grapple with econ and power without entering supposedly technological frameworks ontological purity requires suppression of the political Diverting 50% of stalks to biofuels meet global peak demand No food required 3% of land mass supply all biofuels grain stalks are already waste biofuel use waste food We produce vastly more than humanity requires and waste absurd amounts first component is to treat federal forests as federal facilities There is precedent federal facilities are liable under the Clean Air and Water Acts Making federal forests liable as federal facilities can be viewed as analogous state regulation of federal facilities is preempted waivers have been interpreted narrowly D o J backs federal agencies’ refusal to comply with state law Progressive federalism isn’t a cure-all indebted states find resisting too expensive states  intermittently  flout national policy and majority bring them in line price be federal expenditure of p c dissent chum  our system to a pulp by  exposing national norms  to  perpetual  challenge uncooperative federalism For liberals is a alt to legislative setbacks But federalism can backfire Federalism is attractive when your party isn’t in power and you’re scrambling to figure out how not to see roll backs of legislation But federalism is long-term opportunistic federalists looking for temporary advantage find they set a dangerous precedent E P A just finalized one of Biden ’s only outstanding climate rules The new rule charges oil and gas producers a fee for wasting methane Thune has a " fairly lengthy list " of last-minute Biden reg s Republicans may try to undo Cruz will kick things off by introducing resolutions to erase Biden moves on crypto , energy  and internet access Cruz expects to move " expeditiously One would rescind a December reg by the Energy Department that regulated gas water heaters Policy adoption is final stage in policy process Despite differing emphases perspectives converge on operational definition of policy adoption, typically through legislative enactment or executive orders to reach a firm decision about


Question: federal forests federal facilities

Unregulated SRM sparks total rationalization. Extinction.

Thomas Moynihan 21, PhD, Oriel College. Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute & Berkeley Existential Risk Initiative, "The Interesting Case of Prince Vladimir Odoevsky and His Speculations on Civilization’s Trajectories: Early Thoughts on Omnicide, Lunar Prospecting, Geoengineering, World Government & Planetary Defense," Futures, Vol. 129, May 2021, ScienceDirect. [brackets inserted for clarity]

geoengineering attain such predictive mastery  over nature disasters be eradicated world cultivated  to a perfect artifice cause extinction Individuals govern as if the  last of the species modernity destroy morals detaching them making  humanity infertile and endanger  the ‘species enable spread of “ disease to  all the globe Nature artificialized causes  overpopulation , ecological destruction , and  resource depletion sentience brought suffering all experiences  are means to  protect humanity  primes planet for detonation disintegrating earth forest management reduce emissions forest strategy increasing forest carbon stocks , while producing a energy generate the largest mitigation benefit." Forest carbon policy can be a part of a energy policy that provides energy independence and carbon benefits C E P Benefits Wildlife clean energy solutions protect wildlife and reduce pollution. Energy policy involves interventions in coal , electricity , oil and gas nuclear and renewable energy , and efficiency analytical differentiation can be made between energy policy as a whole and specific subsets we can individuate general energy policy subdivision allows to clarify subject of analysis if it is energy policy as a whole instead interventions in a subset "enact" does not include actions of a court the term "adopt" is not limited. Courts make law through adoption of rules or common-law principles . See Carrow ;  Judson Executive agencies are empowered to "adopt" rules and regulations . See, e.g., A.R.S. the terms " enact " and "adopt" must contemplate different things, or one term will be superfluous Black's Law defines policy as general principles by which a government is guided These indicate policy does not necessarily prescribe a mandatory course of conduct approach operate as tax on wildfire emissions , with tax set at s c c one get the same result fashioning this as a tax. instruments like liability taxes and emission trading fix a price for pollution but leave it up to polluter to choose the tech Those instruments are market-based as they provide incentives to continuously improve performance with taxes polluters are liable to pay the tax for non-abated emissions part of a Pigouvian tax’s purpose Liability is economically equivalent to a tax policy formulation is the stage options recognized at agenda- setting identified to shape decision making variety of actors might be involved formulation comprises several ‘components’ options assessed recommendations made on policy design proposal identifies which will advance to ratification Prior to adoption it undergoes design in instruments lit categories are reg s ; m -  b i s ; voluntary and info Policymakers select according to efficacy ’ political feasibility ’ agreement is sought decision can be taken once agreement reached formulation may not culminate in adoption of settled ‘policy’ formulation occurs in venues where policies obtain support, and adopted as binding including federal , state local international legislatures , executives judiciary expert committees ’ U.S. F S budget has a direct effect on wildfire risk agency is candidate for retrenchment , as Trump eye spending cuts. Trump , a Republican Congress assault government capacity. What’s needed is funding that enables F S to manage public lands GOP mull ways to offset $5 trillion tax cuts uncertainty negatively affect public lands , from biodiversity and wildfire mitigation. quality legal language is a precondition for comprehensibility by citizens. the legal language of national regulation remains an under-appreciated commodity clarity with transparency is the litmus test for regulators to convince addressees of their proposals. fire borrowing effect ability of land managers to plan and execute a normal program Even the threat of fire borrowing made contracting and planning difficult when we invest in restoration to reduce intensity and impacts of wildfire  we find opposite happening. water policy does not choose only one technics but a wide variety of ways of understanding water do we have to choose seeing water as everyday knowledge a instrument whose role derives from relation to Being all are valid requiring careful articulation rather than being in competition distinguish nuclear danger from destruction result should tech solve all The line between opposing calculative  thinking and disregarding devastation is drawn from the comfort of affluence destruction  is not an abstract worry but an immediate threat We are cautioned not to rush to action meditating involves difficult practi cal choices. To sit still is deliberate I consider eco destruction ontological and corporeal If I choose to reduce toxicity am I falling prey to control? are philosophers who spend hours meditating released from tech I think not meditative dwellers become a restate ment of the instrumentalist assertion that Our minds are free to define the ontolog ical form of our lives technosystems are designed so we cannot put them aside the political collapses into the ontological he is disinterested in Who should control security forces ? What legal restrictions should there be? To what degree the state intervene in markets This raises the question of political responsibility with a concrete situation which is materially mediated failure to recognise the political as a logic of its own will prove disruptive Heidegger is reluctant to grapple with econ and power without entering supposedly technological frameworks ontological purity requires suppression of the political Diverting 50% of stalks to biofuels meet global peak demand No food required 3% of land mass supply all biofuels grain stalks are already waste biofuel use waste food We produce vastly more than humanity requires and waste absurd amounts first component is to treat federal forests as federal facilities There is precedent federal facilities are liable under the Clean Air and Water Acts Making federal forests liable as federal facilities can be viewed as analogous state regulation of federal facilities is preempted waivers have been interpreted narrowly D o J backs federal agencies’ refusal to comply with state law Progressive federalism isn’t a cure-all indebted states find resisting too expensive states  intermittently  flout national policy and majority bring them in line price be federal expenditure of p c dissent chum  our system to a pulp by  exposing national norms  to  perpetual  challenge uncooperative federalism For liberals is a alt to legislative setbacks But federalism can backfire Federalism is attractive when your party isn’t in power and you’re scrambling to figure out how not to see roll backs of legislation But federalism is long-term opportunistic federalists looking for temporary advantage find they set a dangerous precedent E P A just finalized one of Biden ’s only outstanding climate rules The new rule charges oil and gas producers a fee for wasting methane Thune has a " fairly lengthy list " of last-minute Biden reg s Republicans may try to undo Cruz will kick things off by introducing resolutions to erase Biden moves on crypto , energy  and internet access Cruz expects to move " expeditiously One would rescind a December reg by the Energy Department that regulated gas water heaters Policy adoption is final stage in policy process Despite differing emphases perspectives converge on operational definition of policy adoption, typically through legislative enactment or executive orders to reach a firm decision about


Question: Green energy race racialized

The green energy race is a racialized process to exclude China from the LIO at the cost of warming and development of the Global South.

Julie de los Reyes & Jewellord Nem Singh 24. *Assistant professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies and Hakubi Center for Advanced Research at Kyoto University. **Assistant Professor, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam. “Net-Zero and the China Challenge: Decarbonization amid Great Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific.” Monthly Review. 7-1-2024. https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/net-zero-and-the-china-challenge-decarbonization-amid-great-power-competition-in-the-indo-pacific/

As decarbonization accelerates strategic importance has risen of materials critical to transition energy underpin s the U.S.-China rivalry U.S. re-engagement is part of a broader strategy to contain China locking in economic partnerships on minerals infrastructures, and supply chains Energy sources serve as a “key currency of power shift to renewable energy entail dependencies on materials different from carbon sources carbon neutrality involves the unfolding rivalry changing the geopolitical landscape The emergence of China as a global leader in renewable energy increased leverage With China viewed as a threat the U.S.- moved to rally its allies to restore balance the U.S. shift toward protectionism saw the U S withdraw from trade agreement For many Global South countries, the inability of the U S to match China underscores failure of the l i o solutions will require a constructive relationship this mean accepting China


Question: De los Reyes and Singh

The green energy race is a racialized process to exclude China from the LIO at the cost of warming and development of the Global South.

Julie de los Reyes & Jewellord Nem Singh 24. *Assistant professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies and Hakubi Center for Advanced Research at Kyoto University. **Assistant Professor, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam. “Net-Zero and the China Challenge: Decarbonization amid Great Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific.” Monthly Review. 7-1-2024. https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/net-zero-and-the-china-challenge-decarbonization-amid-great-power-competition-in-the-indo-pacific/

As decarbonization accelerates strategic importance has risen of materials critical to transition energy underpin s the U.S.-China rivalry U.S. re-engagement is part of a broader strategy to contain China locking in economic partnerships on minerals infrastructures, and supply chains Energy sources serve as a “key currency of power shift to renewable energy entail dependencies on materials different from carbon sources carbon neutrality involves the unfolding rivalry changing the geopolitical landscape The emergence of China as a global leader in renewable energy increased leverage With China viewed as a threat the U.S.- moved to rally its allies to restore balance the U.S. shift toward protectionism saw the U S withdraw from trade agreement For many Global South countries, the inability of the U S to match China underscores failure of the l i o solutions will require a constructive relationship this mean accepting China


Question: Julie de los Reyes

The green energy race is a racialized process to exclude China from the LIO at the cost of warming and development of the Global South.

Julie de los Reyes & Jewellord Nem Singh 24. *Assistant professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies and Hakubi Center for Advanced Research at Kyoto University. **Assistant Professor, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam. “Net-Zero and the China Challenge: Decarbonization amid Great Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific.” Monthly Review. 7-1-2024. https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/net-zero-and-the-china-challenge-decarbonization-amid-great-power-competition-in-the-indo-pacific/

As decarbonization accelerates strategic importance has risen of materials critical to transition energy underpin s the U.S.-China rivalry U.S. re-engagement is part of a broader strategy to contain China locking in economic partnerships on minerals infrastructures, and supply chains Energy sources serve as a “key currency of power shift to renewable energy entail dependencies on materials different from carbon sources carbon neutrality involves the unfolding rivalry changing the geopolitical landscape The emergence of China as a global leader in renewable energy increased leverage With China viewed as a threat the U.S.- moved to rally its allies to restore balance the U.S. shift toward protectionism saw the U S withdraw from trade agreement For many Global South countries, the inability of the U S to match China underscores failure of the l i o solutions will require a constructive relationship this mean accepting China


Question: China containment strategy

The green energy race is a racialized process to exclude China from the LIO at the cost of warming and development of the Global South.

Julie de los Reyes & Jewellord Nem Singh 24. *Assistant professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies and Hakubi Center for Advanced Research at Kyoto University. **Assistant Professor, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam. “Net-Zero and the China Challenge: Decarbonization amid Great Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific.” Monthly Review. 7-1-2024. https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/net-zero-and-the-china-challenge-decarbonization-amid-great-power-competition-in-the-indo-pacific/

As decarbonization accelerates strategic importance has risen of materials critical to transition energy underpin s the U.S.-China rivalry U.S. re-engagement is part of a broader strategy to contain China locking in economic partnerships on minerals infrastructures, and supply chains Energy sources serve as a “key currency of power shift to renewable energy entail dependencies on materials different from carbon sources carbon neutrality involves the unfolding rivalry changing the geopolitical landscape The emergence of China as a global leader in renewable energy increased leverage With China viewed as a threat the U.S.- moved to rally its allies to restore balance the U.S. shift toward protectionism saw the U S withdraw from trade agreement For many Global South countries, the inability of the U S to match China underscores failure of the l i o solutions will require a constructive relationship this mean accepting China


Question: US China rivalry decarbonization

The green energy race is a racialized process to exclude China from the LIO at the cost of warming and development of the Global South.

Julie de los Reyes & Jewellord Nem Singh 24. *Assistant professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies and Hakubi Center for Advanced Research at Kyoto University. **Assistant Professor, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam. “Net-Zero and the China Challenge: Decarbonization amid Great Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific.” Monthly Review. 7-1-2024. https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/net-zero-and-the-china-challenge-decarbonization-amid-great-power-competition-in-the-indo-pacific/

As decarbonization accelerates strategic importance has risen of materials critical to transition energy underpin s the U.S.-China rivalry U.S. re-engagement is part of a broader strategy to contain China locking in economic partnerships on minerals infrastructures, and supply chains Energy sources serve as a “key currency of power shift to renewable energy entail dependencies on materials different from carbon sources carbon neutrality involves the unfolding rivalry changing the geopolitical landscape The emergence of China as a global leader in renewable energy increased leverage With China viewed as a threat the U.S.- moved to rally its allies to restore balance the U.S. shift toward protectionism saw the U S withdraw from trade agreement For many Global South countries, the inability of the U S to match China underscores failure of the l i o solutions will require a constructive relationship this mean accepting China


Question: Global south development

The green energy race is a racialized process to exclude China from the LIO at the cost of warming and development of the Global South.

Julie de los Reyes & Jewellord Nem Singh 24. *Assistant professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies and Hakubi Center for Advanced Research at Kyoto University. **Assistant Professor, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam. “Net-Zero and the China Challenge: Decarbonization amid Great Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific.” Monthly Review. 7-1-2024. https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/net-zero-and-the-china-challenge-decarbonization-amid-great-power-competition-in-the-indo-pacific/

As decarbonization accelerates strategic importance has risen of materials critical to transition energy underpin s the U.S.-China rivalry U.S. re-engagement is part of a broader strategy to contain China locking in economic partnerships on minerals infrastructures, and supply chains Energy sources serve as a “key currency of power shift to renewable energy entail dependencies on materials different from carbon sources carbon neutrality involves the unfolding rivalry changing the geopolitical landscape The emergence of China as a global leader in renewable energy increased leverage With China viewed as a threat the U.S.- moved to rally its allies to restore balance the U.S. shift toward protectionism saw the U S withdraw from trade agreement For many Global South countries, the inability of the U S to match China underscores failure of the l i o solutions will require a constructive relationship this mean accepting China


Question: China renewable energy leader

The green energy race is a racialized process to exclude China from the LIO at the cost of warming and development of the Global South.

Julie de los Reyes & Jewellord Nem Singh 24. *Assistant professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies and Hakubi Center for Advanced Research at Kyoto University. **Assistant Professor, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam. “Net-Zero and the China Challenge: Decarbonization amid Great Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific.” Monthly Review. 7-1-2024. https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/net-zero-and-the-china-challenge-decarbonization-amid-great-power-competition-in-the-indo-pacific/

As decarbonization accelerates strategic importance has risen of materials critical to transition energy underpin s the U.S.-China rivalry U.S. re-engagement is part of a broader strategy to contain China locking in economic partnerships on minerals infrastructures, and supply chains Energy sources serve as a “key currency of power shift to renewable energy entail dependencies on materials different from carbon sources carbon neutrality involves the unfolding rivalry changing the geopolitical landscape The emergence of China as a global leader in renewable energy increased leverage With China viewed as a threat the U.S.- moved to rally its allies to restore balance the U.S. shift toward protectionism saw the U S withdraw from trade agreement For many Global South countries, the inability of the U S to match China underscores failure of the l i o solutions will require a constructive relationship this mean accepting China


Question: Net-zero China challenge

The green energy race is a racialized process to exclude China from the LIO at the cost of warming and development of the Global South.

Julie de los Reyes & Jewellord Nem Singh 24. *Assistant professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies and Hakubi Center for Advanced Research at Kyoto University. **Assistant Professor, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam. “Net-Zero and the China Challenge: Decarbonization amid Great Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific.” Monthly Review. 7-1-2024. https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/net-zero-and-the-china-challenge-decarbonization-amid-great-power-competition-in-the-indo-pacific/

As decarbonization accelerates strategic importance has risen of materials critical to transition energy underpin s the U.S.-China rivalry U.S. re-engagement is part of a broader strategy to contain China locking in economic partnerships on minerals infrastructures, and supply chains Energy sources serve as a “key currency of power shift to renewable energy entail dependencies on materials different from carbon sources carbon neutrality involves the unfolding rivalry changing the geopolitical landscape The emergence of China as a global leader in renewable energy increased leverage With China viewed as a threat the U.S.- moved to rally its allies to restore balance the U.S. shift toward protectionism saw the U S withdraw from trade agreement For many Global South countries, the inability of the U S to match China underscores failure of the l i o solutions will require a constructive relationship this mean accepting China


Question: Harris moderating energy stances

Especially because Harris is moderating her energy stances now. That’s successfully working on voters who care about fossil fuels.

Siegel and Wolman 24 – reporters, POLITICO

Harris issued a statement she would not ban fracking she tempered her positions as Biden’s No. 2 scrutiny from Trump cast his opponent as an ultra lib Harris’ U-turn represents a move to the center in a sprint to win Pennsylvania


Question: Siegel and Wolman 24

Especially because Harris is moderating her energy stances now. That’s successfully working on voters who care about fossil fuels.

Siegel and Wolman 24 – reporters, POLITICO

Harris issued a statement she would not ban fracking she tempered her positions as Biden’s No. 2 scrutiny from Trump cast his opponent as an ultra lib Harris’ U-turn represents a move to the center in a sprint to win Pennsylvania


Question: Harris fracking ban

Especially because Harris is moderating her energy stances now. That’s successfully working on voters who care about fossil fuels.

Siegel and Wolman 24 – reporters, POLITICO

Harris issued a statement she would not ban fracking she tempered her positions as Biden’s No. 2 scrutiny from Trump cast his opponent as an ultra lib Harris’ U-turn represents a move to the center in a sprint to win Pennsylvania


Question: Harris energy moderate

Especially because Harris is moderating her energy stances now. That’s successfully working on voters who care about fossil fuels.

Siegel and Wolman 24 – reporters, POLITICO

Harris issued a statement she would not ban fracking she tempered her positions as Biden’s No. 2 scrutiny from Trump cast his opponent as an ultra lib Harris’ U-turn represents a move to the center in a sprint to win Pennsylvania


Question: Harris move to the center

Especially because Harris is moderating her energy stances now. That’s successfully working on voters who care about fossil fuels.

Siegel and Wolman 24 – reporters, POLITICO

Harris issued a statement she would not ban fracking she tempered her positions as Biden’s No. 2 scrutiny from Trump cast his opponent as an ultra lib Harris’ U-turn represents a move to the center in a sprint to win Pennsylvania