Question: gas prices carbon tax

Won’t feel the impact till down the line – No Link. In the first year of the tax, nobody recognizes the difference.

Parry 15, PhD, Chief US Economist to the IMF (Ian Parry, 2015, “5. Macroeconomic Effects of Carbon Taxes,” IMF, https://www.elibrary.imf.org/display/book/9781138825369/ch005.xml)

the energy price impacts of carbon tax are much smaller than changes in energy prices from volatility a $20 tax would increase gas prices by 18 cents but pump prices varied between $1 and $3


Question: Macroeconomic Effects of Carbon Taxes

Won’t feel the impact till down the line – No Link. In the first year of the tax, nobody recognizes the difference.

Parry 15, PhD, Chief US Economist to the IMF (Ian Parry, 2015, “5. Macroeconomic Effects of Carbon Taxes,” IMF, https://www.elibrary.imf.org/display/book/9781138825369/ch005.xml)

the energy price impacts of carbon tax are much smaller than changes in energy prices from volatility a $20 tax would increase gas prices by 18 cents but pump prices varied between $1 and $3


Question: volatility dwarfs carbon tax impact

Won’t feel the impact till down the line – No Link. In the first year of the tax, nobody recognizes the difference.

Parry 15, PhD, Chief US Economist to the IMF (Ian Parry, 2015, “5. Macroeconomic Effects of Carbon Taxes,” IMF, https://www.elibrary.imf.org/display/book/9781138825369/ch005.xml)

the energy price impacts of carbon tax are much smaller than changes in energy prices from volatility a $20 tax would increase gas prices by 18 cents but pump prices varied between $1 and $3


Question: Mandatory action creates backlash

The reason they’re optional is because mandatory action creates backlash

Chemnick ’23 - Jean Chemnick - Reporter at E&E News covering climate change at EPA and other agencies - “The feds have a low-carbon shopping list. It’s global.” E&E News - 03/23/2023 - https://www.eenews.net/articles/the-feds-have-a-low-carbon-shopping-list-its-global/

FAR have done their homework the procurement proposal is controversial. analyzed more than 250 public comments and found most sought tweaks  or opposed outright tried to build foundation on disclosure and then procurement sequencing ensures emissions won’t be a factor at least until 2025 after Biden ended Disclosure on its own never an effective motivator for change


Question: Chemnick 23

The reason they’re optional is because mandatory action creates backlash

Chemnick ’23 - Jean Chemnick - Reporter at E&E News covering climate change at EPA and other agencies - “The feds have a low-carbon shopping list. It’s global.” E&E News - 03/23/2023 - https://www.eenews.net/articles/the-feds-have-a-low-carbon-shopping-list-its-global/

FAR have done their homework the procurement proposal is controversial. analyzed more than 250 public comments and found most sought tweaks  or opposed outright tried to build foundation on disclosure and then procurement sequencing ensures emissions won’t be a factor at least until 2025 after Biden ended Disclosure on its own never an effective motivator for change


Question: low-carbon shopping list

The reason they’re optional is because mandatory action creates backlash

Chemnick ’23 - Jean Chemnick - Reporter at E&E News covering climate change at EPA and other agencies - “The feds have a low-carbon shopping list. It’s global.” E&E News - 03/23/2023 - https://www.eenews.net/articles/the-feds-have-a-low-carbon-shopping-list-its-global/

FAR have done their homework the procurement proposal is controversial. analyzed more than 250 public comments and found most sought tweaks  or opposed outright tried to build foundation on disclosure and then procurement sequencing ensures emissions won’t be a factor at least until 2025 after Biden ended Disclosure on its own never an effective motivator for change


Question: procurement controversial

The reason they’re optional is because mandatory action creates backlash

Chemnick ’23 - Jean Chemnick - Reporter at E&E News covering climate change at EPA and other agencies - “The feds have a low-carbon shopping list. It’s global.” E&E News - 03/23/2023 - https://www.eenews.net/articles/the-feds-have-a-low-carbon-shopping-list-its-global/

FAR have done their homework the procurement proposal is controversial. analyzed more than 250 public comments and found most sought tweaks  or opposed outright tried to build foundation on disclosure and then procurement sequencing ensures emissions won’t be a factor at least until 2025 after Biden ended Disclosure on its own never an effective motivator for change


Question: disclosure not effective motivator

The reason they’re optional is because mandatory action creates backlash

Chemnick ’23 - Jean Chemnick - Reporter at E&E News covering climate change at EPA and other agencies - “The feds have a low-carbon shopping list. It’s global.” E&E News - 03/23/2023 - https://www.eenews.net/articles/the-feds-have-a-low-carbon-shopping-list-its-global/

FAR have done their homework the procurement proposal is controversial. analyzed more than 250 public comments and found most sought tweaks  or opposed outright tried to build foundation on disclosure and then procurement sequencing ensures emissions won’t be a factor at least until 2025 after Biden ended Disclosure on its own never an effective motivator for change


Question: Cognitive biases bad for policy

2---Cognitive biases---creates failed research and policymaking.

Zayne Seibert 21. Writer citing Bjorn Lomberg, former director of the Danish government’s Environmental Assessment Institute. “Cooling down environmental panic: Are we biased in the way we approach climate change? .” B.Bias. 12-20-2021. https://bbiasblog.com/2021/12/20/cooling-down-environmental-panic-are-we-biased-in-the-way-we-approach-climate-change/

sense of urgency is precisely the issue strong fear response making us more susceptible to biases in our thinking it is necessary to be honest catastrophic framing can easily be reflected in inefficient and expensive policymaking stories gain traction scenario is highly unlikely the issue as manageable in the long-term while shedding light on sensational journalism


Question: Zayne Seibert cognitive bias

2---Cognitive biases---creates failed research and policymaking.

Zayne Seibert 21. Writer citing Bjorn Lomberg, former director of the Danish government’s Environmental Assessment Institute. “Cooling down environmental panic: Are we biased in the way we approach climate change? .” B.Bias. 12-20-2021. https://bbiasblog.com/2021/12/20/cooling-down-environmental-panic-are-we-biased-in-the-way-we-approach-climate-change/

sense of urgency is precisely the issue strong fear response making us more susceptible to biases in our thinking it is necessary to be honest catastrophic framing can easily be reflected in inefficient and expensive policymaking stories gain traction scenario is highly unlikely the issue as manageable in the long-term while shedding light on sensational journalism


Question: Biases create failed research

2---Cognitive biases---creates failed research and policymaking.

Zayne Seibert 21. Writer citing Bjorn Lomberg, former director of the Danish government’s Environmental Assessment Institute. “Cooling down environmental panic: Are we biased in the way we approach climate change? .” B.Bias. 12-20-2021. https://bbiasblog.com/2021/12/20/cooling-down-environmental-panic-are-we-biased-in-the-way-we-approach-climate-change/

sense of urgency is precisely the issue strong fear response making us more susceptible to biases in our thinking it is necessary to be honest catastrophic framing can easily be reflected in inefficient and expensive policymaking stories gain traction scenario is highly unlikely the issue as manageable in the long-term while shedding light on sensational journalism


Question: strong fear response susceptible to biases

2---Cognitive biases---creates failed research and policymaking.

Zayne Seibert 21. Writer citing Bjorn Lomberg, former director of the Danish government’s Environmental Assessment Institute. “Cooling down environmental panic: Are we biased in the way we approach climate change? .” B.Bias. 12-20-2021. https://bbiasblog.com/2021/12/20/cooling-down-environmental-panic-are-we-biased-in-the-way-we-approach-climate-change/

sense of urgency is precisely the issue strong fear response making us more susceptible to biases in our thinking it is necessary to be honest catastrophic framing can easily be reflected in inefficient and expensive policymaking stories gain traction scenario is highly unlikely the issue as manageable in the long-term while shedding light on sensational journalism


Question: expensive policymaking stories gain traction

2---Cognitive biases---creates failed research and policymaking.

Zayne Seibert 21. Writer citing Bjorn Lomberg, former director of the Danish government’s Environmental Assessment Institute. “Cooling down environmental panic: Are we biased in the way we approach climate change? .” B.Bias. 12-20-2021. https://bbiasblog.com/2021/12/20/cooling-down-environmental-panic-are-we-biased-in-the-way-we-approach-climate-change/

sense of urgency is precisely the issue strong fear response making us more susceptible to biases in our thinking it is necessary to be honest catastrophic framing can easily be reflected in inefficient and expensive policymaking stories gain traction scenario is highly unlikely the issue as manageable in the long-term while shedding light on sensational journalism


Question: catastrophic framing reflected in policymaking

2---Cognitive biases---creates failed research and policymaking.

Zayne Seibert 21. Writer citing Bjorn Lomberg, former director of the Danish government’s Environmental Assessment Institute. “Cooling down environmental panic: Are we biased in the way we approach climate change? .” B.Bias. 12-20-2021. https://bbiasblog.com/2021/12/20/cooling-down-environmental-panic-are-we-biased-in-the-way-we-approach-climate-change/

sense of urgency is precisely the issue strong fear response making us more susceptible to biases in our thinking it is necessary to be honest catastrophic framing can easily be reflected in inefficient and expensive policymaking stories gain traction scenario is highly unlikely the issue as manageable in the long-term while shedding light on sensational journalism


Question: Lomberg cognitive biases

2---Cognitive biases---creates failed research and policymaking.

Zayne Seibert 21. Writer citing Bjorn Lomberg, former director of the Danish government’s Environmental Assessment Institute. “Cooling down environmental panic: Are we biased in the way we approach climate change? .” B.Bias. 12-20-2021. https://bbiasblog.com/2021/12/20/cooling-down-environmental-panic-are-we-biased-in-the-way-we-approach-climate-change/

sense of urgency is precisely the issue strong fear response making us more susceptible to biases in our thinking it is necessary to be honest catastrophic framing can easily be reflected in inefficient and expensive policymaking stories gain traction scenario is highly unlikely the issue as manageable in the long-term while shedding light on sensational journalism


Question: inefficient policy

2---Cognitive biases---creates failed research and policymaking.

Zayne Seibert 21. Writer citing Bjorn Lomberg, former director of the Danish government’s Environmental Assessment Institute. “Cooling down environmental panic: Are we biased in the way we approach climate change? .” B.Bias. 12-20-2021. https://bbiasblog.com/2021/12/20/cooling-down-environmental-panic-are-we-biased-in-the-way-we-approach-climate-change/

sense of urgency is precisely the issue strong fear response making us more susceptible to biases in our thinking it is necessary to be honest catastrophic framing can easily be reflected in inefficient and expensive policymaking stories gain traction scenario is highly unlikely the issue as manageable in the long-term while shedding light on sensational journalism


Question: Implementation now is key

Implementation now is key.

McKie ’21 – Science and environment editor for the observer Guardian, 1-16-2021, "Carbon capture is vital to meeting climate goals, scientists tell green critics," https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jan/16/carbon-capture-vital-meeting-climate-goals-scientists-cut-emissions

scientists  insist failure to trap carbon and store it would make it impossible  to hold net emissions to below zero is the only way If we have any hope of keeping global temperature below 2 degrees we desperately need c s c CCS play a key role in cleaning up industries The longer we delay the worst things are going to be


Question: McKie 21

Implementation now is key.

McKie ’21 – Science and environment editor for the observer Guardian, 1-16-2021, "Carbon capture is vital to meeting climate goals, scientists tell green critics," https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jan/16/carbon-capture-vital-meeting-climate-goals-scientists-cut-emissions

scientists  insist failure to trap carbon and store it would make it impossible  to hold net emissions to below zero is the only way If we have any hope of keeping global temperature below 2 degrees we desperately need c s c CCS play a key role in cleaning up industries The longer we delay the worst things are going to be


Question: carbon capture vital

Implementation now is key.

McKie ’21 – Science and environment editor for the observer Guardian, 1-16-2021, "Carbon capture is vital to meeting climate goals, scientists tell green critics," https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jan/16/carbon-capture-vital-meeting-climate-goals-scientists-cut-emissions

scientists  insist failure to trap carbon and store it would make it impossible  to hold net emissions to below zero is the only way If we have any hope of keeping global temperature below 2 degrees we desperately need c s c CCS play a key role in cleaning up industries The longer we delay the worst things are going to be


Question: carbon capture key

Implementation now is key.

McKie ’21 – Science and environment editor for the observer Guardian, 1-16-2021, "Carbon capture is vital to meeting climate goals, scientists tell green critics," https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jan/16/carbon-capture-vital-meeting-climate-goals-scientists-cut-emissions

scientists  insist failure to trap carbon and store it would make it impossible  to hold net emissions to below zero is the only way If we have any hope of keeping global temperature below 2 degrees we desperately need c s c CCS play a key role in cleaning up industries The longer we delay the worst things are going to be


Question: CCS is key to climate

Implementation now is key.

McKie ’21 – Science and environment editor for the observer Guardian, 1-16-2021, "Carbon capture is vital to meeting climate goals, scientists tell green critics," https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jan/16/carbon-capture-vital-meeting-climate-goals-scientists-cut-emissions

scientists  insist failure to trap carbon and store it would make it impossible  to hold net emissions to below zero is the only way If we have any hope of keeping global temperature below 2 degrees we desperately need c s c CCS play a key role in cleaning up industries The longer we delay the worst things are going to be


Question: carbon capture hold emissions below zero

Implementation now is key.

McKie ’21 – Science and environment editor for the observer Guardian, 1-16-2021, "Carbon capture is vital to meeting climate goals, scientists tell green critics," https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jan/16/carbon-capture-vital-meeting-climate-goals-scientists-cut-emissions

scientists  insist failure to trap carbon and store it would make it impossible  to hold net emissions to below zero is the only way If we have any hope of keeping global temperature below 2 degrees we desperately need c s c CCS play a key role in cleaning up industries The longer we delay the worst things are going to be


Question: delay carbon capture the worst things

Implementation now is key.

McKie ’21 – Science and environment editor for the observer Guardian, 1-16-2021, "Carbon capture is vital to meeting climate goals, scientists tell green critics," https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jan/16/carbon-capture-vital-meeting-climate-goals-scientists-cut-emissions

scientists  insist failure to trap carbon and store it would make it impossible  to hold net emissions to below zero is the only way If we have any hope of keeping global temperature below 2 degrees we desperately need c s c CCS play a key role in cleaning up industries The longer we delay the worst things are going to be


Question: field precision

field precision

Ekins et al 17 [Paul Ekins, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; Paul Drummond, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; and Benjamin Görlach, Ecologic Institute, “Policy instruments for low-carbon development based on work from the EUFP7 project, CECILIA2050,” Climate Policy, 17(sup1), 2017, pp.S1-S7, DOI 10.1080/14693062.2016.1272044]

more important understanding the wide range of GHG abatement policies The aim of CECILIA2050 was precisely to understand climate policy instruments Although the focus was the EU , applied more widely


Question: Ekins et al 17

field precision

Ekins et al 17 [Paul Ekins, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; Paul Drummond, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; and Benjamin Görlach, Ecologic Institute, “Policy instruments for low-carbon development based on work from the EUFP7 project, CECILIA2050,” Climate Policy, 17(sup1), 2017, pp.S1-S7, DOI 10.1080/14693062.2016.1272044]

more important understanding the wide range of GHG abatement policies The aim of CECILIA2050 was precisely to understand climate policy instruments Although the focus was the EU , applied more widely


Question: Paul Ekins

field precision

Ekins et al 17 [Paul Ekins, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; Paul Drummond, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; and Benjamin Görlach, Ecologic Institute, “Policy instruments for low-carbon development based on work from the EUFP7 project, CECILIA2050,” Climate Policy, 17(sup1), 2017, pp.S1-S7, DOI 10.1080/14693062.2016.1272044]

more important understanding the wide range of GHG abatement policies The aim of CECILIA2050 was precisely to understand climate policy instruments Although the focus was the EU , applied more widely


Question: GHG abatement policies

field precision

Ekins et al 17 [Paul Ekins, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; Paul Drummond, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; and Benjamin Görlach, Ecologic Institute, “Policy instruments for low-carbon development based on work from the EUFP7 project, CECILIA2050,” Climate Policy, 17(sup1), 2017, pp.S1-S7, DOI 10.1080/14693062.2016.1272044]

more important understanding the wide range of GHG abatement policies The aim of CECILIA2050 was precisely to understand climate policy instruments Although the focus was the EU , applied more widely


Question: CECILIA2050 climate policy instruments

field precision

Ekins et al 17 [Paul Ekins, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; Paul Drummond, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; and Benjamin Görlach, Ecologic Institute, “Policy instruments for low-carbon development based on work from the EUFP7 project, CECILIA2050,” Climate Policy, 17(sup1), 2017, pp.S1-S7, DOI 10.1080/14693062.2016.1272044]

more important understanding the wide range of GHG abatement policies The aim of CECILIA2050 was precisely to understand climate policy instruments Although the focus was the EU , applied more widely


Question: climate policy instruments EU

field precision

Ekins et al 17 [Paul Ekins, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; Paul Drummond, UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London; and Benjamin Görlach, Ecologic Institute, “Policy instruments for low-carbon development based on work from the EUFP7 project, CECILIA2050,” Climate Policy, 17(sup1), 2017, pp.S1-S7, DOI 10.1080/14693062.2016.1272044]

more important understanding the wide range of GHG abatement policies The aim of CECILIA2050 was precisely to understand climate policy instruments Although the focus was the EU , applied more widely


Question: Sets precedent for other tax

It sets a precedent for other tax areas.

 Amandeep Grewal 16. 2016; Joseph F. Rosenfield Scholar and Professor of Law at the University of Iowa; Iowa Law Review, “The Un-Precedented Tax Court,” vol. 101.

A exposition is difficult to ignore taxpayers frequently invoke opinions in connection with tax disputes in front of IRS Tax Court , or other courts Tax Court cannot ignore its opinions other cases  treat them like persuasive binding authorities


Question: Amandeep Grewal 16

It sets a precedent for other tax areas.

 Amandeep Grewal 16. 2016; Joseph F. Rosenfield Scholar and Professor of Law at the University of Iowa; Iowa Law Review, “The Un-Precedented Tax Court,” vol. 101.

A exposition is difficult to ignore taxpayers frequently invoke opinions in connection with tax disputes in front of IRS Tax Court , or other courts Tax Court cannot ignore its opinions other cases  treat them like persuasive binding authorities


Question: Tax court precedent

It sets a precedent for other tax areas.

 Amandeep Grewal 16. 2016; Joseph F. Rosenfield Scholar and Professor of Law at the University of Iowa; Iowa Law Review, “The Un-Precedented Tax Court,” vol. 101.

A exposition is difficult to ignore taxpayers frequently invoke opinions in connection with tax disputes in front of IRS Tax Court , or other courts Tax Court cannot ignore its opinions other cases  treat them like persuasive binding authorities


Question: binding authorities tax court

It sets a precedent for other tax areas.

 Amandeep Grewal 16. 2016; Joseph F. Rosenfield Scholar and Professor of Law at the University of Iowa; Iowa Law Review, “The Un-Precedented Tax Court,” vol. 101.

A exposition is difficult to ignore taxpayers frequently invoke opinions in connection with tax disputes in front of IRS Tax Court , or other courts Tax Court cannot ignore its opinions other cases  treat them like persuasive binding authorities


Question: unprecedented tax court

It sets a precedent for other tax areas.

 Amandeep Grewal 16. 2016; Joseph F. Rosenfield Scholar and Professor of Law at the University of Iowa; Iowa Law Review, “The Un-Precedented Tax Court,” vol. 101.

A exposition is difficult to ignore taxpayers frequently invoke opinions in connection with tax disputes in front of IRS Tax Court , or other courts Tax Court cannot ignore its opinions other cases  treat them like persuasive binding authorities


Question: US hasn't done anything

4. They read an aff card---it’s bad for the global south because the US hasn’t done anything! Michigan is in green.

Julie de los Reyes & Jewellord Nem Singh 24. *Assistant professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies and Hakubi Center for Advanced Research at Kyoto University. **Assistant Professor, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam. “Net-Zero and the China Challenge: Decarbonization amid Great Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific.” Monthly Review. 7-1-2024. https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/net-zero-and-the-china-challenge-decarbonization-amid-great-power-competition-in-the-indo-pacific/

As decarbonization accelerates strategic importance has risen of materials critical to transition energy underpin s the U.S.-China rivalry U.S. re-engagement is part of a broader strategy to contain China locking in economic partnerships on minerals infrastructures, and supply chains Energy sources serve as a “key currency of power shift to renewable energy entail dependencies on materials different from carbon sources carbon neutrality involves the unfolding rivalry changing the geopolitical landscape The emergence of China as a global leader in renewable energy increased leverage With China viewed as a threat the U.S.- moved to rally its allies to restore balance the U.S. shift toward protectionism saw the U S withdraw from trade agreement For many Global South countries, the inability of the United States, Japan, and allied countries to match what China has achieved underscores the glaring failure of the liberal international order to address pressing social and environmental issue solutions will require a constructive relationship this mean accepting China


Question: Julie de los Reyes

4. They read an aff card---it’s bad for the global south because the US hasn’t done anything! Michigan is in green.

Julie de los Reyes & Jewellord Nem Singh 24. *Assistant professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies and Hakubi Center for Advanced Research at Kyoto University. **Assistant Professor, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam. “Net-Zero and the China Challenge: Decarbonization amid Great Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific.” Monthly Review. 7-1-2024. https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/net-zero-and-the-china-challenge-decarbonization-amid-great-power-competition-in-the-indo-pacific/

As decarbonization accelerates strategic importance has risen of materials critical to transition energy underpin s the U.S.-China rivalry U.S. re-engagement is part of a broader strategy to contain China locking in economic partnerships on minerals infrastructures, and supply chains Energy sources serve as a “key currency of power shift to renewable energy entail dependencies on materials different from carbon sources carbon neutrality involves the unfolding rivalry changing the geopolitical landscape The emergence of China as a global leader in renewable energy increased leverage With China viewed as a threat the U.S.- moved to rally its allies to restore balance the U.S. shift toward protectionism saw the U S withdraw from trade agreement For many Global South countries, the inability of the United States, Japan, and allied countries to match what China has achieved underscores the glaring failure of the liberal international order to address pressing social and environmental issue solutions will require a constructive relationship this mean accepting China


Question: US China rivalry

4. They read an aff card---it’s bad for the global south because the US hasn’t done anything! Michigan is in green.

Julie de los Reyes & Jewellord Nem Singh 24. *Assistant professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies and Hakubi Center for Advanced Research at Kyoto University. **Assistant Professor, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam. “Net-Zero and the China Challenge: Decarbonization amid Great Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific.” Monthly Review. 7-1-2024. https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/net-zero-and-the-china-challenge-decarbonization-amid-great-power-competition-in-the-indo-pacific/

As decarbonization accelerates strategic importance has risen of materials critical to transition energy underpin s the U.S.-China rivalry U.S. re-engagement is part of a broader strategy to contain China locking in economic partnerships on minerals infrastructures, and supply chains Energy sources serve as a “key currency of power shift to renewable energy entail dependencies on materials different from carbon sources carbon neutrality involves the unfolding rivalry changing the geopolitical landscape The emergence of China as a global leader in renewable energy increased leverage With China viewed as a threat the U.S.- moved to rally its allies to restore balance the U.S. shift toward protectionism saw the U S withdraw from trade agreement For many Global South countries, the inability of the United States, Japan, and allied countries to match what China has achieved underscores the glaring failure of the liberal international order to address pressing social and environmental issue solutions will require a constructive relationship this mean accepting China


Question: decarbonization rivalry

4. They read an aff card---it’s bad for the global south because the US hasn’t done anything! Michigan is in green.

Julie de los Reyes & Jewellord Nem Singh 24. *Assistant professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies and Hakubi Center for Advanced Research at Kyoto University. **Assistant Professor, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam. “Net-Zero and the China Challenge: Decarbonization amid Great Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific.” Monthly Review. 7-1-2024. https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/net-zero-and-the-china-challenge-decarbonization-amid-great-power-competition-in-the-indo-pacific/

As decarbonization accelerates strategic importance has risen of materials critical to transition energy underpin s the U.S.-China rivalry U.S. re-engagement is part of a broader strategy to contain China locking in economic partnerships on minerals infrastructures, and supply chains Energy sources serve as a “key currency of power shift to renewable energy entail dependencies on materials different from carbon sources carbon neutrality involves the unfolding rivalry changing the geopolitical landscape The emergence of China as a global leader in renewable energy increased leverage With China viewed as a threat the U.S.- moved to rally its allies to restore balance the U.S. shift toward protectionism saw the U S withdraw from trade agreement For many Global South countries, the inability of the United States, Japan, and allied countries to match what China has achieved underscores the glaring failure of the liberal international order to address pressing social and environmental issue solutions will require a constructive relationship this mean accepting China


Question: US failure global south

4. They read an aff card---it’s bad for the global south because the US hasn’t done anything! Michigan is in green.

Julie de los Reyes & Jewellord Nem Singh 24. *Assistant professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies and Hakubi Center for Advanced Research at Kyoto University. **Assistant Professor, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam. “Net-Zero and the China Challenge: Decarbonization amid Great Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific.” Monthly Review. 7-1-2024. https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/net-zero-and-the-china-challenge-decarbonization-amid-great-power-competition-in-the-indo-pacific/

As decarbonization accelerates strategic importance has risen of materials critical to transition energy underpin s the U.S.-China rivalry U.S. re-engagement is part of a broader strategy to contain China locking in economic partnerships on minerals infrastructures, and supply chains Energy sources serve as a “key currency of power shift to renewable energy entail dependencies on materials different from carbon sources carbon neutrality involves the unfolding rivalry changing the geopolitical landscape The emergence of China as a global leader in renewable energy increased leverage With China viewed as a threat the U.S.- moved to rally its allies to restore balance the U.S. shift toward protectionism saw the U S withdraw from trade agreement For many Global South countries, the inability of the United States, Japan, and allied countries to match what China has achieved underscores the glaring failure of the liberal international order to address pressing social and environmental issue solutions will require a constructive relationship this mean accepting China


Question: China renewable energy leader

4. They read an aff card---it’s bad for the global south because the US hasn’t done anything! Michigan is in green.

Julie de los Reyes & Jewellord Nem Singh 24. *Assistant professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies and Hakubi Center for Advanced Research at Kyoto University. **Assistant Professor, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam. “Net-Zero and the China Challenge: Decarbonization amid Great Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific.” Monthly Review. 7-1-2024. https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/net-zero-and-the-china-challenge-decarbonization-amid-great-power-competition-in-the-indo-pacific/

As decarbonization accelerates strategic importance has risen of materials critical to transition energy underpin s the U.S.-China rivalry U.S. re-engagement is part of a broader strategy to contain China locking in economic partnerships on minerals infrastructures, and supply chains Energy sources serve as a “key currency of power shift to renewable energy entail dependencies on materials different from carbon sources carbon neutrality involves the unfolding rivalry changing the geopolitical landscape The emergence of China as a global leader in renewable energy increased leverage With China viewed as a threat the U.S.- moved to rally its allies to restore balance the U.S. shift toward protectionism saw the U S withdraw from trade agreement For many Global South countries, the inability of the United States, Japan, and allied countries to match what China has achieved underscores the glaring failure of the liberal international order to address pressing social and environmental issue solutions will require a constructive relationship this mean accepting China


Question: US protectionism trade agreements

4. They read an aff card---it’s bad for the global south because the US hasn’t done anything! Michigan is in green.

Julie de los Reyes & Jewellord Nem Singh 24. *Assistant professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies and Hakubi Center for Advanced Research at Kyoto University. **Assistant Professor, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam. “Net-Zero and the China Challenge: Decarbonization amid Great Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific.” Monthly Review. 7-1-2024. https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/net-zero-and-the-china-challenge-decarbonization-amid-great-power-competition-in-the-indo-pacific/

As decarbonization accelerates strategic importance has risen of materials critical to transition energy underpin s the U.S.-China rivalry U.S. re-engagement is part of a broader strategy to contain China locking in economic partnerships on minerals infrastructures, and supply chains Energy sources serve as a “key currency of power shift to renewable energy entail dependencies on materials different from carbon sources carbon neutrality involves the unfolding rivalry changing the geopolitical landscape The emergence of China as a global leader in renewable energy increased leverage With China viewed as a threat the U.S.- moved to rally its allies to restore balance the U.S. shift toward protectionism saw the U S withdraw from trade agreement For many Global South countries, the inability of the United States, Japan, and allied countries to match what China has achieved underscores the glaring failure of the liberal international order to address pressing social and environmental issue solutions will require a constructive relationship this mean accepting China


Question: SMRs fail climate change

SMRs fail and are counter to solving climate change---laundry list

Michael Barnard 21. Chief Strategist, TFIE Strategy; Board Observer and Strategist, Agora Energy Technologies. “Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Are Mostly Bad Policy.” https://cleantechnica.com/2021/05/03/small-modular-nuclear-reactors-are-mostly-bad-policy/

S m r s won’t achieve economies of scale faster to construct , forego efficiency of vertical scaling , won’t be cheaper , aren’t suitable for coal sites face security costs , will still be costly and slow to decommission , and require liability insurance caps .  They don’t solve any problems They’ve existed since 1950s Attention & Funding Is Misguided & Hostile To Climate Action


Question: Michael Barnard 21

SMRs fail and are counter to solving climate change---laundry list

Michael Barnard 21. Chief Strategist, TFIE Strategy; Board Observer and Strategist, Agora Energy Technologies. “Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Are Mostly Bad Policy.” https://cleantechnica.com/2021/05/03/small-modular-nuclear-reactors-are-mostly-bad-policy/

S m r s won’t achieve economies of scale faster to construct , forego efficiency of vertical scaling , won’t be cheaper , aren’t suitable for coal sites face security costs , will still be costly and slow to decommission , and require liability insurance caps .  They don’t solve any problems They’ve existed since 1950s Attention & Funding Is Misguided & Hostile To Climate Action


Question: SMRs bad policy

SMRs fail and are counter to solving climate change---laundry list

Michael Barnard 21. Chief Strategist, TFIE Strategy; Board Observer and Strategist, Agora Energy Technologies. “Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Are Mostly Bad Policy.” https://cleantechnica.com/2021/05/03/small-modular-nuclear-reactors-are-mostly-bad-policy/

S m r s won’t achieve economies of scale faster to construct , forego efficiency of vertical scaling , won’t be cheaper , aren’t suitable for coal sites face security costs , will still be costly and slow to decommission , and require liability insurance caps .  They don’t solve any problems They’ve existed since 1950s Attention & Funding Is Misguided & Hostile To Climate Action


Question: small modular nuclear reactors bad

SMRs fail and are counter to solving climate change---laundry list

Michael Barnard 21. Chief Strategist, TFIE Strategy; Board Observer and Strategist, Agora Energy Technologies. “Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Are Mostly Bad Policy.” https://cleantechnica.com/2021/05/03/small-modular-nuclear-reactors-are-mostly-bad-policy/

S m r s won’t achieve economies of scale faster to construct , forego efficiency of vertical scaling , won’t be cheaper , aren’t suitable for coal sites face security costs , will still be costly and slow to decommission , and require liability insurance caps .  They don’t solve any problems They’ve existed since 1950s Attention & Funding Is Misguided & Hostile To Climate Action


Question: SMRs not cheaper

SMRs fail and are counter to solving climate change---laundry list

Michael Barnard 21. Chief Strategist, TFIE Strategy; Board Observer and Strategist, Agora Energy Technologies. “Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Are Mostly Bad Policy.” https://cleantechnica.com/2021/05/03/small-modular-nuclear-reactors-are-mostly-bad-policy/

S m r s won’t achieve economies of scale faster to construct , forego efficiency of vertical scaling , won’t be cheaper , aren’t suitable for coal sites face security costs , will still be costly and slow to decommission , and require liability insurance caps .  They don’t solve any problems They’ve existed since 1950s Attention & Funding Is Misguided & Hostile To Climate Action


Question: SMRs aren't suitable

SMRs fail and are counter to solving climate change---laundry list

Michael Barnard 21. Chief Strategist, TFIE Strategy; Board Observer and Strategist, Agora Energy Technologies. “Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Are Mostly Bad Policy.” https://cleantechnica.com/2021/05/03/small-modular-nuclear-reactors-are-mostly-bad-policy/

S m r s won’t achieve economies of scale faster to construct , forego efficiency of vertical scaling , won’t be cheaper , aren’t suitable for coal sites face security costs , will still be costly and slow to decommission , and require liability insurance caps .  They don’t solve any problems They’ve existed since 1950s Attention & Funding Is Misguided & Hostile To Climate Action


Question: SMRs are costly

SMRs fail and are counter to solving climate change---laundry list

Michael Barnard 21. Chief Strategist, TFIE Strategy; Board Observer and Strategist, Agora Energy Technologies. “Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Are Mostly Bad Policy.” https://cleantechnica.com/2021/05/03/small-modular-nuclear-reactors-are-mostly-bad-policy/

S m r s won’t achieve economies of scale faster to construct , forego efficiency of vertical scaling , won’t be cheaper , aren’t suitable for coal sites face security costs , will still be costly and slow to decommission , and require liability insurance caps .  They don’t solve any problems They’ve existed since 1950s Attention & Funding Is Misguided & Hostile To Climate Action


Question: SMRs vertical scaling efficiency

SMRs fail and are counter to solving climate change---laundry list

Michael Barnard 21. Chief Strategist, TFIE Strategy; Board Observer and Strategist, Agora Energy Technologies. “Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Are Mostly Bad Policy.” https://cleantechnica.com/2021/05/03/small-modular-nuclear-reactors-are-mostly-bad-policy/

S m r s won’t achieve economies of scale faster to construct , forego efficiency of vertical scaling , won’t be cheaper , aren’t suitable for coal sites face security costs , will still be costly and slow to decommission , and require liability insurance caps .  They don’t solve any problems They’ve existed since 1950s Attention & Funding Is Misguided & Hostile To Climate Action


Question: Trumper tariff roulette

Trumper.

Lucy Raitano et al. 2/7 (is a reporter for Reuters, writing with Alun John and Dhara Ranasinghe in London, Greta Rosen Fondahn in Gdansk and Rodrigo Campos in New York.; Reuters. “Trump’s Tariff Roulette: The Markets Left Reeling from Trade Threats.” Reuters, 7 Feb. 2025, www.reuters.com/markets/global-markets-trump-tariffs-2025-02-07/. Accessed 9 Feb. 2025.)Rinehart.

Trump swiftly impose then delay tariffs on top trading partners show global trade war that hurts growth and fuels inflation remains high uncertainty keeping Canada on rate-cutting path Mexican economy fall into recession euro fall Central Bank will cut rates Europe big loser in U.S.-China trade war Chinese goodss in Europe add disinflationary pressure The fossil industry and polluters are set against tariffs But this is selfish and should be disregarded that tariffs are protectionist does not hold water carbon tariffs level the playing field , do not function like protectionist measures under W T O rules they are legal import s “shall not be subject to taxes in excess of domestic products if a country has domestic tax it is permitted to apply the same


Question: Raitano Reuters Trump tariffs

Trumper.

Lucy Raitano et al. 2/7 (is a reporter for Reuters, writing with Alun John and Dhara Ranasinghe in London, Greta Rosen Fondahn in Gdansk and Rodrigo Campos in New York.; Reuters. “Trump’s Tariff Roulette: The Markets Left Reeling from Trade Threats.” Reuters, 7 Feb. 2025, www.reuters.com/markets/global-markets-trump-tariffs-2025-02-07/. Accessed 9 Feb. 2025.)Rinehart.

Trump swiftly impose then delay tariffs on top trading partners show global trade war that hurts growth and fuels inflation remains high uncertainty keeping Canada on rate-cutting path Mexican economy fall into recession euro fall Central Bank will cut rates Europe big loser in U.S.-China trade war Chinese goodss in Europe add disinflationary pressure The fossil industry and polluters are set against tariffs But this is selfish and should be disregarded that tariffs are protectionist does not hold water carbon tariffs level the playing field , do not function like protectionist measures under W T O rules they are legal import s “shall not be subject to taxes in excess of domestic products if a country has domestic tax it is permitted to apply the same


Question: Trump tariffs global trade war

Trumper.

Lucy Raitano et al. 2/7 (is a reporter for Reuters, writing with Alun John and Dhara Ranasinghe in London, Greta Rosen Fondahn in Gdansk and Rodrigo Campos in New York.; Reuters. “Trump’s Tariff Roulette: The Markets Left Reeling from Trade Threats.” Reuters, 7 Feb. 2025, www.reuters.com/markets/global-markets-trump-tariffs-2025-02-07/. Accessed 9 Feb. 2025.)Rinehart.

Trump swiftly impose then delay tariffs on top trading partners show global trade war that hurts growth and fuels inflation remains high uncertainty keeping Canada on rate-cutting path Mexican economy fall into recession euro fall Central Bank will cut rates Europe big loser in U.S.-China trade war Chinese goodss in Europe add disinflationary pressure The fossil industry and polluters are set against tariffs But this is selfish and should be disregarded that tariffs are protectionist does not hold water carbon tariffs level the playing field , do not function like protectionist measures under W T O rules they are legal import s “shall not be subject to taxes in excess of domestic products if a country has domestic tax it is permitted to apply the same


Question: Trump tariffs fuel inflation

Trumper.

Lucy Raitano et al. 2/7 (is a reporter for Reuters, writing with Alun John and Dhara Ranasinghe in London, Greta Rosen Fondahn in Gdansk and Rodrigo Campos in New York.; Reuters. “Trump’s Tariff Roulette: The Markets Left Reeling from Trade Threats.” Reuters, 7 Feb. 2025, www.reuters.com/markets/global-markets-trump-tariffs-2025-02-07/. Accessed 9 Feb. 2025.)Rinehart.

Trump swiftly impose then delay tariffs on top trading partners show global trade war that hurts growth and fuels inflation remains high uncertainty keeping Canada on rate-cutting path Mexican economy fall into recession euro fall Central Bank will cut rates Europe big loser in U.S.-China trade war Chinese goodss in Europe add disinflationary pressure The fossil industry and polluters are set against tariffs But this is selfish and should be disregarded that tariffs are protectionist does not hold water carbon tariffs level the playing field , do not function like protectionist measures under W T O rules they are legal import s “shall not be subject to taxes in excess of domestic products if a country has domestic tax it is permitted to apply the same


Question: Trump tariffs hurt growth

Trumper.

Lucy Raitano et al. 2/7 (is a reporter for Reuters, writing with Alun John and Dhara Ranasinghe in London, Greta Rosen Fondahn in Gdansk and Rodrigo Campos in New York.; Reuters. “Trump’s Tariff Roulette: The Markets Left Reeling from Trade Threats.” Reuters, 7 Feb. 2025, www.reuters.com/markets/global-markets-trump-tariffs-2025-02-07/. Accessed 9 Feb. 2025.)Rinehart.

Trump swiftly impose then delay tariffs on top trading partners show global trade war that hurts growth and fuels inflation remains high uncertainty keeping Canada on rate-cutting path Mexican economy fall into recession euro fall Central Bank will cut rates Europe big loser in U.S.-China trade war Chinese goodss in Europe add disinflationary pressure The fossil industry and polluters are set against tariffs But this is selfish and should be disregarded that tariffs are protectionist does not hold water carbon tariffs level the playing field , do not function like protectionist measures under W T O rules they are legal import s “shall not be subject to taxes in excess of domestic products if a country has domestic tax it is permitted to apply the same


Question: carbon tariffs level playing field

Trumper.

Lucy Raitano et al. 2/7 (is a reporter for Reuters, writing with Alun John and Dhara Ranasinghe in London, Greta Rosen Fondahn in Gdansk and Rodrigo Campos in New York.; Reuters. “Trump’s Tariff Roulette: The Markets Left Reeling from Trade Threats.” Reuters, 7 Feb. 2025, www.reuters.com/markets/global-markets-trump-tariffs-2025-02-07/. Accessed 9 Feb. 2025.)Rinehart.

Trump swiftly impose then delay tariffs on top trading partners show global trade war that hurts growth and fuels inflation remains high uncertainty keeping Canada on rate-cutting path Mexican economy fall into recession euro fall Central Bank will cut rates Europe big loser in U.S.-China trade war Chinese goodss in Europe add disinflationary pressure The fossil industry and polluters are set against tariffs But this is selfish and should be disregarded that tariffs are protectionist does not hold water carbon tariffs level the playing field , do not function like protectionist measures under W T O rules they are legal import s “shall not be subject to taxes in excess of domestic products if a country has domestic tax it is permitted to apply the same


Question: tariffs are not protectionist

Trumper.

Lucy Raitano et al. 2/7 (is a reporter for Reuters, writing with Alun John and Dhara Ranasinghe in London, Greta Rosen Fondahn in Gdansk and Rodrigo Campos in New York.; Reuters. “Trump’s Tariff Roulette: The Markets Left Reeling from Trade Threats.” Reuters, 7 Feb. 2025, www.reuters.com/markets/global-markets-trump-tariffs-2025-02-07/. Accessed 9 Feb. 2025.)Rinehart.

Trump swiftly impose then delay tariffs on top trading partners show global trade war that hurts growth and fuels inflation remains high uncertainty keeping Canada on rate-cutting path Mexican economy fall into recession euro fall Central Bank will cut rates Europe big loser in U.S.-China trade war Chinese goodss in Europe add disinflationary pressure The fossil industry and polluters are set against tariffs But this is selfish and should be disregarded that tariffs are protectionist does not hold water carbon tariffs level the playing field , do not function like protectionist measures under W T O rules they are legal import s “shall not be subject to taxes in excess of domestic products if a country has domestic tax it is permitted to apply the same


Question: tariffs WTO legal

Trumper.

Lucy Raitano et al. 2/7 (is a reporter for Reuters, writing with Alun John and Dhara Ranasinghe in London, Greta Rosen Fondahn in Gdansk and Rodrigo Campos in New York.; Reuters. “Trump’s Tariff Roulette: The Markets Left Reeling from Trade Threats.” Reuters, 7 Feb. 2025, www.reuters.com/markets/global-markets-trump-tariffs-2025-02-07/. Accessed 9 Feb. 2025.)Rinehart.

Trump swiftly impose then delay tariffs on top trading partners show global trade war that hurts growth and fuels inflation remains high uncertainty keeping Canada on rate-cutting path Mexican economy fall into recession euro fall Central Bank will cut rates Europe big loser in U.S.-China trade war Chinese goodss in Europe add disinflationary pressure The fossil industry and polluters are set against tariffs But this is selfish and should be disregarded that tariffs are protectionist does not hold water carbon tariffs level the playing field , do not function like protectionist measures under W T O rules they are legal import s “shall not be subject to taxes in excess of domestic products if a country has domestic tax it is permitted to apply the same


Question: maintain international non-prolif norms

That’s key to maintain international non-prolif norms and break Russian dominance.

Ahn et. al 23 – Alan Ahn, Deputy Director for Nuclear for Third Way’s Climate and Energy Program, Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy (MALD) from Tufts University; Josh Freed, led Third Way’s clean energy and climate advocacy efforts; Ryan Norman, Policy Advisor for Third Way's Climate and Energy Program; Rowen Price, Policy Advisor for Nuclear Energy at Third Wave, 11/7/23, “Nuclear Fuel is a National Security Imperative”, https://www.thirdway.org/memo/nuclear-fuel-is-a-national-security-imperative

Building out nuclear fuel infrastructure is pressing given dependence on Russia uranium increase nuclear security and proliferation risks. Strengthening confidence serves as a linchpin to US policies in countering spread buildout meet not only domestic needs but also allies exports generate revenue and mitigating proliferation risks international presence essential so we set highest standards on nonproliferation new and emerging competitors offering technologies outside export controls meaning transactions do not require licenses bilateral cooperation etc Russia weaponizing exports to project influence Building out capacity important step leverage highest global standards for nonproliferation Without nuclear fuel collapse


Question: Ahn nuclear fuel

That’s key to maintain international non-prolif norms and break Russian dominance.

Ahn et. al 23 – Alan Ahn, Deputy Director for Nuclear for Third Way’s Climate and Energy Program, Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy (MALD) from Tufts University; Josh Freed, led Third Way’s clean energy and climate advocacy efforts; Ryan Norman, Policy Advisor for Third Way's Climate and Energy Program; Rowen Price, Policy Advisor for Nuclear Energy at Third Wave, 11/7/23, “Nuclear Fuel is a National Security Imperative”, https://www.thirdway.org/memo/nuclear-fuel-is-a-national-security-imperative

Building out nuclear fuel infrastructure is pressing given dependence on Russia uranium increase nuclear security and proliferation risks. Strengthening confidence serves as a linchpin to US policies in countering spread buildout meet not only domestic needs but also allies exports generate revenue and mitigating proliferation risks international presence essential so we set highest standards on nonproliferation new and emerging competitors offering technologies outside export controls meaning transactions do not require licenses bilateral cooperation etc Russia weaponizing exports to project influence Building out capacity important step leverage highest global standards for nonproliferation Without nuclear fuel collapse


Question: Ahn, Freed, Norman, Price 23

That’s key to maintain international non-prolif norms and break Russian dominance.

Ahn et. al 23 – Alan Ahn, Deputy Director for Nuclear for Third Way’s Climate and Energy Program, Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy (MALD) from Tufts University; Josh Freed, led Third Way’s clean energy and climate advocacy efforts; Ryan Norman, Policy Advisor for Third Way's Climate and Energy Program; Rowen Price, Policy Advisor for Nuclear Energy at Third Wave, 11/7/23, “Nuclear Fuel is a National Security Imperative”, https://www.thirdway.org/memo/nuclear-fuel-is-a-national-security-imperative

Building out nuclear fuel infrastructure is pressing given dependence on Russia uranium increase nuclear security and proliferation risks. Strengthening confidence serves as a linchpin to US policies in countering spread buildout meet not only domestic needs but also allies exports generate revenue and mitigating proliferation risks international presence essential so we set highest standards on nonproliferation new and emerging competitors offering technologies outside export controls meaning transactions do not require licenses bilateral cooperation etc Russia weaponizing exports to project influence Building out capacity important step leverage highest global standards for nonproliferation Without nuclear fuel collapse


Question: break Russian dominance

That’s key to maintain international non-prolif norms and break Russian dominance.

Ahn et. al 23 – Alan Ahn, Deputy Director for Nuclear for Third Way’s Climate and Energy Program, Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy (MALD) from Tufts University; Josh Freed, led Third Way’s clean energy and climate advocacy efforts; Ryan Norman, Policy Advisor for Third Way's Climate and Energy Program; Rowen Price, Policy Advisor for Nuclear Energy at Third Wave, 11/7/23, “Nuclear Fuel is a National Security Imperative”, https://www.thirdway.org/memo/nuclear-fuel-is-a-national-security-imperative

Building out nuclear fuel infrastructure is pressing given dependence on Russia uranium increase nuclear security and proliferation risks. Strengthening confidence serves as a linchpin to US policies in countering spread buildout meet not only domestic needs but also allies exports generate revenue and mitigating proliferation risks international presence essential so we set highest standards on nonproliferation new and emerging competitors offering technologies outside export controls meaning transactions do not require licenses bilateral cooperation etc Russia weaponizing exports to project influence Building out capacity important step leverage highest global standards for nonproliferation Without nuclear fuel collapse


Question: nuclear fuel is security imperative

That’s key to maintain international non-prolif norms and break Russian dominance.

Ahn et. al 23 – Alan Ahn, Deputy Director for Nuclear for Third Way’s Climate and Energy Program, Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy (MALD) from Tufts University; Josh Freed, led Third Way’s clean energy and climate advocacy efforts; Ryan Norman, Policy Advisor for Third Way's Climate and Energy Program; Rowen Price, Policy Advisor for Nuclear Energy at Third Wave, 11/7/23, “Nuclear Fuel is a National Security Imperative”, https://www.thirdway.org/memo/nuclear-fuel-is-a-national-security-imperative

Building out nuclear fuel infrastructure is pressing given dependence on Russia uranium increase nuclear security and proliferation risks. Strengthening confidence serves as a linchpin to US policies in countering spread buildout meet not only domestic needs but also allies exports generate revenue and mitigating proliferation risks international presence essential so we set highest standards on nonproliferation new and emerging competitors offering technologies outside export controls meaning transactions do not require licenses bilateral cooperation etc Russia weaponizing exports to project influence Building out capacity important step leverage highest global standards for nonproliferation Without nuclear fuel collapse


Question: Russia weaponizing exports

That’s key to maintain international non-prolif norms and break Russian dominance.

Ahn et. al 23 – Alan Ahn, Deputy Director for Nuclear for Third Way’s Climate and Energy Program, Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy (MALD) from Tufts University; Josh Freed, led Third Way’s clean energy and climate advocacy efforts; Ryan Norman, Policy Advisor for Third Way's Climate and Energy Program; Rowen Price, Policy Advisor for Nuclear Energy at Third Wave, 11/7/23, “Nuclear Fuel is a National Security Imperative”, https://www.thirdway.org/memo/nuclear-fuel-is-a-national-security-imperative

Building out nuclear fuel infrastructure is pressing given dependence on Russia uranium increase nuclear security and proliferation risks. Strengthening confidence serves as a linchpin to US policies in countering spread buildout meet not only domestic needs but also allies exports generate revenue and mitigating proliferation risks international presence essential so we set highest standards on nonproliferation new and emerging competitors offering technologies outside export controls meaning transactions do not require licenses bilateral cooperation etc Russia weaponizing exports to project influence Building out capacity important step leverage highest global standards for nonproliferation Without nuclear fuel collapse


Question: US standards nonproliferation

That’s key to maintain international non-prolif norms and break Russian dominance.

Ahn et. al 23 – Alan Ahn, Deputy Director for Nuclear for Third Way’s Climate and Energy Program, Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy (MALD) from Tufts University; Josh Freed, led Third Way’s clean energy and climate advocacy efforts; Ryan Norman, Policy Advisor for Third Way's Climate and Energy Program; Rowen Price, Policy Advisor for Nuclear Energy at Third Wave, 11/7/23, “Nuclear Fuel is a National Security Imperative”, https://www.thirdway.org/memo/nuclear-fuel-is-a-national-security-imperative

Building out nuclear fuel infrastructure is pressing given dependence on Russia uranium increase nuclear security and proliferation risks. Strengthening confidence serves as a linchpin to US policies in countering spread buildout meet not only domestic needs but also allies exports generate revenue and mitigating proliferation risks international presence essential so we set highest standards on nonproliferation new and emerging competitors offering technologies outside export controls meaning transactions do not require licenses bilateral cooperation etc Russia weaponizing exports to project influence Building out capacity important step leverage highest global standards for nonproliferation Without nuclear fuel collapse


Question: US financing key to GCR mitigation

US financing is key to global catastrophic risk mitigation—otherwise extinction.

Jones '23 [Natalie Jones PhD, Policy Advisor, Sustainable Energy Supply, International Institute for Sustainable Development; Affiliated Researcher, Stockholm Environment Institute. "Beyond 'Error and Terror': Global Justice and Global Catastrophic Risk," in The Era of Global Risk: An Introduction to Existential Risk Studies, Chapter 4, published 1-1-2023, accessed 10-4-2024]

key challenge how to reduce emissions in a fair and just way cannot ignore causation and harm Global justice  will rear its head repayment levels constrain countries’ space to respond poorer countries  lose more wealth  than they receive differential responsibility has  flow-on implications  for g c r neglects responsibility of developed countries reform  globa structures including aid  and  development support g c r nuc biorisk volcanoes AI think of research that could be usefully synthesised dual use place for to mitigate risks discussions largely dismissed justice chance to get international politics right


Question: Jones 23

US financing is key to global catastrophic risk mitigation—otherwise extinction.

Jones '23 [Natalie Jones PhD, Policy Advisor, Sustainable Energy Supply, International Institute for Sustainable Development; Affiliated Researcher, Stockholm Environment Institute. "Beyond 'Error and Terror': Global Justice and Global Catastrophic Risk," in The Era of Global Risk: An Introduction to Existential Risk Studies, Chapter 4, published 1-1-2023, accessed 10-4-2024]

key challenge how to reduce emissions in a fair and just way cannot ignore causation and harm Global justice  will rear its head repayment levels constrain countries’ space to respond poorer countries  lose more wealth  than they receive differential responsibility has  flow-on implications  for g c r neglects responsibility of developed countries reform  globa structures including aid  and  development support g c r nuc biorisk volcanoes AI think of research that could be usefully synthesised dual use place for to mitigate risks discussions largely dismissed justice chance to get international politics right


Question: Natalie Jones GCR

US financing is key to global catastrophic risk mitigation—otherwise extinction.

Jones '23 [Natalie Jones PhD, Policy Advisor, Sustainable Energy Supply, International Institute for Sustainable Development; Affiliated Researcher, Stockholm Environment Institute. "Beyond 'Error and Terror': Global Justice and Global Catastrophic Risk," in The Era of Global Risk: An Introduction to Existential Risk Studies, Chapter 4, published 1-1-2023, accessed 10-4-2024]

key challenge how to reduce emissions in a fair and just way cannot ignore causation and harm Global justice  will rear its head repayment levels constrain countries’ space to respond poorer countries  lose more wealth  than they receive differential responsibility has  flow-on implications  for g c r neglects responsibility of developed countries reform  globa structures including aid  and  development support g c r nuc biorisk volcanoes AI think of research that could be usefully synthesised dual use place for to mitigate risks discussions largely dismissed justice chance to get international politics right


Question: Global justice catastrophic risk

US financing is key to global catastrophic risk mitigation—otherwise extinction.

Jones '23 [Natalie Jones PhD, Policy Advisor, Sustainable Energy Supply, International Institute for Sustainable Development; Affiliated Researcher, Stockholm Environment Institute. "Beyond 'Error and Terror': Global Justice and Global Catastrophic Risk," in The Era of Global Risk: An Introduction to Existential Risk Studies, Chapter 4, published 1-1-2023, accessed 10-4-2024]

key challenge how to reduce emissions in a fair and just way cannot ignore causation and harm Global justice  will rear its head repayment levels constrain countries’ space to respond poorer countries  lose more wealth  than they receive differential responsibility has  flow-on implications  for g c r neglects responsibility of developed countries reform  globa structures including aid  and  development support g c r nuc biorisk volcanoes AI think of research that could be usefully synthesised dual use place for to mitigate risks discussions largely dismissed justice chance to get international politics right


Question: responsibility of developed countries

US financing is key to global catastrophic risk mitigation—otherwise extinction.

Jones '23 [Natalie Jones PhD, Policy Advisor, Sustainable Energy Supply, International Institute for Sustainable Development; Affiliated Researcher, Stockholm Environment Institute. "Beyond 'Error and Terror': Global Justice and Global Catastrophic Risk," in The Era of Global Risk: An Introduction to Existential Risk Studies, Chapter 4, published 1-1-2023, accessed 10-4-2024]

key challenge how to reduce emissions in a fair and just way cannot ignore causation and harm Global justice  will rear its head repayment levels constrain countries’ space to respond poorer countries  lose more wealth  than they receive differential responsibility has  flow-on implications  for g c r neglects responsibility of developed countries reform  globa structures including aid  and  development support g c r nuc biorisk volcanoes AI think of research that could be usefully synthesised dual use place for to mitigate risks discussions largely dismissed justice chance to get international politics right


Question: US finance extinction

US financing is key to global catastrophic risk mitigation—otherwise extinction.

Jones '23 [Natalie Jones PhD, Policy Advisor, Sustainable Energy Supply, International Institute for Sustainable Development; Affiliated Researcher, Stockholm Environment Institute. "Beyond 'Error and Terror': Global Justice and Global Catastrophic Risk," in The Era of Global Risk: An Introduction to Existential Risk Studies, Chapter 4, published 1-1-2023, accessed 10-4-2024]

key challenge how to reduce emissions in a fair and just way cannot ignore causation and harm Global justice  will rear its head repayment levels constrain countries’ space to respond poorer countries  lose more wealth  than they receive differential responsibility has  flow-on implications  for g c r neglects responsibility of developed countries reform  globa structures including aid  and  development support g c r nuc biorisk volcanoes AI think of research that could be usefully synthesised dual use place for to mitigate risks discussions largely dismissed justice chance to get international politics right


Question: GCR nuke biorisk volcanoes AI

US financing is key to global catastrophic risk mitigation—otherwise extinction.

Jones '23 [Natalie Jones PhD, Policy Advisor, Sustainable Energy Supply, International Institute for Sustainable Development; Affiliated Researcher, Stockholm Environment Institute. "Beyond 'Error and Terror': Global Justice and Global Catastrophic Risk," in The Era of Global Risk: An Introduction to Existential Risk Studies, Chapter 4, published 1-1-2023, accessed 10-4-2024]

key challenge how to reduce emissions in a fair and just way cannot ignore causation and harm Global justice  will rear its head repayment levels constrain countries’ space to respond poorer countries  lose more wealth  than they receive differential responsibility has  flow-on implications  for g c r neglects responsibility of developed countries reform  globa structures including aid  and  development support g c r nuc biorisk volcanoes AI think of research that could be usefully synthesised dual use place for to mitigate risks discussions largely dismissed justice chance to get international politics right


Question: Inequality is decreasing at unprecedented rates

Inequality is decreasing at unprecedented rates by every metric.

McAfee, 19—cofounder and codirector of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy at the MIT Sloan School of Management, former professor at Harvard Business School and fellow at Harvard’s Berkman Center for Internet and Society (Andrew, “The Global Gallop of the Four Horsemen,” More from Less: The Surprising Story of How We Learned to Prosper Using Fewer Resources—and What Happens Next, Chapter 10, pg 235-240, Kindle, dml)

improvement is without precedent poor people decrease decline accelerated by 60 percent China let cap work its poverty-reducing miracles eliminating extreme poverty possible by 2030 90 percent of people have access to water situation is similar for sanitation secondary education enrollment around the world is more than 75 percent life expectancy gone up mortality declines fast Poor countries are catching up inequalities in health , education are collapsing cap spreading around the world and improving it


Question: McAfee 19

Inequality is decreasing at unprecedented rates by every metric.

McAfee, 19—cofounder and codirector of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy at the MIT Sloan School of Management, former professor at Harvard Business School and fellow at Harvard’s Berkman Center for Internet and Society (Andrew, “The Global Gallop of the Four Horsemen,” More from Less: The Surprising Story of How We Learned to Prosper Using Fewer Resources—and What Happens Next, Chapter 10, pg 235-240, Kindle, dml)

improvement is without precedent poor people decrease decline accelerated by 60 percent China let cap work its poverty-reducing miracles eliminating extreme poverty possible by 2030 90 percent of people have access to water situation is similar for sanitation secondary education enrollment around the world is more than 75 percent life expectancy gone up mortality declines fast Poor countries are catching up inequalities in health , education are collapsing cap spreading around the world and improving it


Question: Andrew McAfee inequality

Inequality is decreasing at unprecedented rates by every metric.

McAfee, 19—cofounder and codirector of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy at the MIT Sloan School of Management, former professor at Harvard Business School and fellow at Harvard’s Berkman Center for Internet and Society (Andrew, “The Global Gallop of the Four Horsemen,” More from Less: The Surprising Story of How We Learned to Prosper Using Fewer Resources—and What Happens Next, Chapter 10, pg 235-240, Kindle, dml)

improvement is without precedent poor people decrease decline accelerated by 60 percent China let cap work its poverty-reducing miracles eliminating extreme poverty possible by 2030 90 percent of people have access to water situation is similar for sanitation secondary education enrollment around the world is more than 75 percent life expectancy gone up mortality declines fast Poor countries are catching up inequalities in health , education are collapsing cap spreading around the world and improving it


Question: poverty reducing miracles

Inequality is decreasing at unprecedented rates by every metric.

McAfee, 19—cofounder and codirector of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy at the MIT Sloan School of Management, former professor at Harvard Business School and fellow at Harvard’s Berkman Center for Internet and Society (Andrew, “The Global Gallop of the Four Horsemen,” More from Less: The Surprising Story of How We Learned to Prosper Using Fewer Resources—and What Happens Next, Chapter 10, pg 235-240, Kindle, dml)

improvement is without precedent poor people decrease decline accelerated by 60 percent China let cap work its poverty-reducing miracles eliminating extreme poverty possible by 2030 90 percent of people have access to water situation is similar for sanitation secondary education enrollment around the world is more than 75 percent life expectancy gone up mortality declines fast Poor countries are catching up inequalities in health , education are collapsing cap spreading around the world and improving it


Question: inequality collapsing

Inequality is decreasing at unprecedented rates by every metric.

McAfee, 19—cofounder and codirector of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy at the MIT Sloan School of Management, former professor at Harvard Business School and fellow at Harvard’s Berkman Center for Internet and Society (Andrew, “The Global Gallop of the Four Horsemen,” More from Less: The Surprising Story of How We Learned to Prosper Using Fewer Resources—and What Happens Next, Chapter 10, pg 235-240, Kindle, dml)

improvement is without precedent poor people decrease decline accelerated by 60 percent China let cap work its poverty-reducing miracles eliminating extreme poverty possible by 2030 90 percent of people have access to water situation is similar for sanitation secondary education enrollment around the world is more than 75 percent life expectancy gone up mortality declines fast Poor countries are catching up inequalities in health , education are collapsing cap spreading around the world and improving it


Question: life expectancy gone up

Inequality is decreasing at unprecedented rates by every metric.

McAfee, 19—cofounder and codirector of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy at the MIT Sloan School of Management, former professor at Harvard Business School and fellow at Harvard’s Berkman Center for Internet and Society (Andrew, “The Global Gallop of the Four Horsemen,” More from Less: The Surprising Story of How We Learned to Prosper Using Fewer Resources—and What Happens Next, Chapter 10, pg 235-240, Kindle, dml)

improvement is without precedent poor people decrease decline accelerated by 60 percent China let cap work its poverty-reducing miracles eliminating extreme poverty possible by 2030 90 percent of people have access to water situation is similar for sanitation secondary education enrollment around the world is more than 75 percent life expectancy gone up mortality declines fast Poor countries are catching up inequalities in health , education are collapsing cap spreading around the world and improving it


Question: International trade fragile protectionism

International trade is high, but fragile. Further protectionism pushes it over the edge.

Yin Zou 24. Executive Vice President of Corporate Development, DHL Group. “The pandemic exposed fragile supply chains: Here are 3 ways to strengthen them and build on global trade.” World Economic Forum. January 2, 2024. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/01/supply-chains-global-trade/

dynamic landscape of global trade protectionism create serious headwinds an environment that allows trade to flourish not a given severe disruptions Supply chains’ ability to adapt central pillar for long-term success Global Connectedness Index refutes retreat from globalization changes in trade patterns shifting alliances influencing international trade


Question: Yin Zou DHL

International trade is high, but fragile. Further protectionism pushes it over the edge.

Yin Zou 24. Executive Vice President of Corporate Development, DHL Group. “The pandemic exposed fragile supply chains: Here are 3 ways to strengthen them and build on global trade.” World Economic Forum. January 2, 2024. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/01/supply-chains-global-trade/

dynamic landscape of global trade protectionism create serious headwinds an environment that allows trade to flourish not a given severe disruptions Supply chains’ ability to adapt central pillar for long-term success Global Connectedness Index refutes retreat from globalization changes in trade patterns shifting alliances influencing international trade


Question: Yin Zou 24

International trade is high, but fragile. Further protectionism pushes it over the edge.

Yin Zou 24. Executive Vice President of Corporate Development, DHL Group. “The pandemic exposed fragile supply chains: Here are 3 ways to strengthen them and build on global trade.” World Economic Forum. January 2, 2024. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/01/supply-chains-global-trade/

dynamic landscape of global trade protectionism create serious headwinds an environment that allows trade to flourish not a given severe disruptions Supply chains’ ability to adapt central pillar for long-term success Global Connectedness Index refutes retreat from globalization changes in trade patterns shifting alliances influencing international trade


Question: fragile supply chains

International trade is high, but fragile. Further protectionism pushes it over the edge.

Yin Zou 24. Executive Vice President of Corporate Development, DHL Group. “The pandemic exposed fragile supply chains: Here are 3 ways to strengthen them and build on global trade.” World Economic Forum. January 2, 2024. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/01/supply-chains-global-trade/

dynamic landscape of global trade protectionism create serious headwinds an environment that allows trade to flourish not a given severe disruptions Supply chains’ ability to adapt central pillar for long-term success Global Connectedness Index refutes retreat from globalization changes in trade patterns shifting alliances influencing international trade


Question: protectionism headwinds global trade

International trade is high, but fragile. Further protectionism pushes it over the edge.

Yin Zou 24. Executive Vice President of Corporate Development, DHL Group. “The pandemic exposed fragile supply chains: Here are 3 ways to strengthen them and build on global trade.” World Economic Forum. January 2, 2024. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/01/supply-chains-global-trade/

dynamic landscape of global trade protectionism create serious headwinds an environment that allows trade to flourish not a given severe disruptions Supply chains’ ability to adapt central pillar for long-term success Global Connectedness Index refutes retreat from globalization changes in trade patterns shifting alliances influencing international trade


Question: global trade disrupted

International trade is high, but fragile. Further protectionism pushes it over the edge.

Yin Zou 24. Executive Vice President of Corporate Development, DHL Group. “The pandemic exposed fragile supply chains: Here are 3 ways to strengthen them and build on global trade.” World Economic Forum. January 2, 2024. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/01/supply-chains-global-trade/

dynamic landscape of global trade protectionism create serious headwinds an environment that allows trade to flourish not a given severe disruptions Supply chains’ ability to adapt central pillar for long-term success Global Connectedness Index refutes retreat from globalization changes in trade patterns shifting alliances influencing international trade


Question: shifting alliances influencing international trade

International trade is high, but fragile. Further protectionism pushes it over the edge.

Yin Zou 24. Executive Vice President of Corporate Development, DHL Group. “The pandemic exposed fragile supply chains: Here are 3 ways to strengthen them and build on global trade.” World Economic Forum. January 2, 2024. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/01/supply-chains-global-trade/

dynamic landscape of global trade protectionism create serious headwinds an environment that allows trade to flourish not a given severe disruptions Supply chains’ ability to adapt central pillar for long-term success Global Connectedness Index refutes retreat from globalization changes in trade patterns shifting alliances influencing international trade


Question: Global Connectedness Index

International trade is high, but fragile. Further protectionism pushes it over the edge.

Yin Zou 24. Executive Vice President of Corporate Development, DHL Group. “The pandemic exposed fragile supply chains: Here are 3 ways to strengthen them and build on global trade.” World Economic Forum. January 2, 2024. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/01/supply-chains-global-trade/

dynamic landscape of global trade protectionism create serious headwinds an environment that allows trade to flourish not a given severe disruptions Supply chains’ ability to adapt central pillar for long-term success Global Connectedness Index refutes retreat from globalization changes in trade patterns shifting alliances influencing international trade


Question: No link--negligible effect

4. No link---the effect is negligible.

Sun Ruihua and Jiao Yuanyuan 11, Economy and Management College of China University of Petroleum, citing Liu Xiaochuan, a Professor of the Shanghai University of Finance, “Study on How U.S. Imposing Carbon Tariffs will Influence China’s Export Trade and Its Countermeasure Strategy”, Energy Procedia, 2011, ScienceDirect

research shows if the US imposed a carbon tariff export volume will decrease 0.715%, while GDP will be dragged down 0.021


Question: Sun Ruihua and Jiao Yuanyuan

4. No link---the effect is negligible.

Sun Ruihua and Jiao Yuanyuan 11, Economy and Management College of China University of Petroleum, citing Liu Xiaochuan, a Professor of the Shanghai University of Finance, “Study on How U.S. Imposing Carbon Tariffs will Influence China’s Export Trade and Its Countermeasure Strategy”, Energy Procedia, 2011, ScienceDirect

research shows if the US imposed a carbon tariff export volume will decrease 0.715%, while GDP will be dragged down 0.021


Question: carbon tariff export decrease

4. No link---the effect is negligible.

Sun Ruihua and Jiao Yuanyuan 11, Economy and Management College of China University of Petroleum, citing Liu Xiaochuan, a Professor of the Shanghai University of Finance, “Study on How U.S. Imposing Carbon Tariffs will Influence China’s Export Trade and Its Countermeasure Strategy”, Energy Procedia, 2011, ScienceDirect

research shows if the US imposed a carbon tariff export volume will decrease 0.715%, while GDP will be dragged down 0.021


Question: US carbon tariff impact China

4. No link---the effect is negligible.

Sun Ruihua and Jiao Yuanyuan 11, Economy and Management College of China University of Petroleum, citing Liu Xiaochuan, a Professor of the Shanghai University of Finance, “Study on How U.S. Imposing Carbon Tariffs will Influence China’s Export Trade and Its Countermeasure Strategy”, Energy Procedia, 2011, ScienceDirect

research shows if the US imposed a carbon tariff export volume will decrease 0.715%, while GDP will be dragged down 0.021


Question: carbon tariff negligible GDP

4. No link---the effect is negligible.

Sun Ruihua and Jiao Yuanyuan 11, Economy and Management College of China University of Petroleum, citing Liu Xiaochuan, a Professor of the Shanghai University of Finance, “Study on How U.S. Imposing Carbon Tariffs will Influence China’s Export Trade and Its Countermeasure Strategy”, Energy Procedia, 2011, ScienceDirect

research shows if the US imposed a carbon tariff export volume will decrease 0.715%, while GDP will be dragged down 0.021


Question: US carbon tariffs export volume

4. No link---the effect is negligible.

Sun Ruihua and Jiao Yuanyuan 11, Economy and Management College of China University of Petroleum, citing Liu Xiaochuan, a Professor of the Shanghai University of Finance, “Study on How U.S. Imposing Carbon Tariffs will Influence China’s Export Trade and Its Countermeasure Strategy”, Energy Procedia, 2011, ScienceDirect

research shows if the US imposed a carbon tariff export volume will decrease 0.715%, while GDP will be dragged down 0.021


Question: tariffs decrease GDP

4. No link---the effect is negligible.

Sun Ruihua and Jiao Yuanyuan 11, Economy and Management College of China University of Petroleum, citing Liu Xiaochuan, a Professor of the Shanghai University of Finance, “Study on How U.S. Imposing Carbon Tariffs will Influence China’s Export Trade and Its Countermeasure Strategy”, Energy Procedia, 2011, ScienceDirect

research shows if the US imposed a carbon tariff export volume will decrease 0.715%, while GDP will be dragged down 0.021


Question: tariff impact China export trade

4. No link---the effect is negligible.

Sun Ruihua and Jiao Yuanyuan 11, Economy and Management College of China University of Petroleum, citing Liu Xiaochuan, a Professor of the Shanghai University of Finance, “Study on How U.S. Imposing Carbon Tariffs will Influence China’s Export Trade and Its Countermeasure Strategy”, Energy Procedia, 2011, ScienceDirect

research shows if the US imposed a carbon tariff export volume will decrease 0.715%, while GDP will be dragged down 0.021


Question: Firm-level BCA causes tech transfer

Firm-level BCA causes tech transfer.

Xan Fishman et. al 24. Senior Director, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MA, Tel Aviv University. John Jacobs: Senior Policy Analyst, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MPP, George Washington Trachtenberg School of Public Policy. George David Banks: Chief Strategist (R), House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis; former adjunct research scholar, Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University; JD, George Mason University. Daniel Elizalde: Policy Analyst, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MPP, American University’s School of Public Affairs. “Designing a Climate and Trade Policy Fit for the United States.” Bipartisan Policy Center. Jul. 2024. https://bipartisanpolicy.org/download/?file=/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BPC-24_Energy-Emissions-Performance_R05.pdf.

an EPBCA could apply based on individual firms this accelerate transfer of low-carbon technologies to developing countries that host foreign production


Question: Fishman et al 24

Firm-level BCA causes tech transfer.

Xan Fishman et. al 24. Senior Director, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MA, Tel Aviv University. John Jacobs: Senior Policy Analyst, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MPP, George Washington Trachtenberg School of Public Policy. George David Banks: Chief Strategist (R), House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis; former adjunct research scholar, Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University; JD, George Mason University. Daniel Elizalde: Policy Analyst, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MPP, American University’s School of Public Affairs. “Designing a Climate and Trade Policy Fit for the United States.” Bipartisan Policy Center. Jul. 2024. https://bipartisanpolicy.org/download/?file=/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BPC-24_Energy-Emissions-Performance_R05.pdf.

an EPBCA could apply based on individual firms this accelerate transfer of low-carbon technologies to developing countries that host foreign production


Question: Bipartisan Policy Center

Firm-level BCA causes tech transfer.

Xan Fishman et. al 24. Senior Director, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MA, Tel Aviv University. John Jacobs: Senior Policy Analyst, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MPP, George Washington Trachtenberg School of Public Policy. George David Banks: Chief Strategist (R), House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis; former adjunct research scholar, Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University; JD, George Mason University. Daniel Elizalde: Policy Analyst, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MPP, American University’s School of Public Affairs. “Designing a Climate and Trade Policy Fit for the United States.” Bipartisan Policy Center. Jul. 2024. https://bipartisanpolicy.org/download/?file=/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BPC-24_Energy-Emissions-Performance_R05.pdf.

an EPBCA could apply based on individual firms this accelerate transfer of low-carbon technologies to developing countries that host foreign production


Question: EPBCA firm level

Firm-level BCA causes tech transfer.

Xan Fishman et. al 24. Senior Director, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MA, Tel Aviv University. John Jacobs: Senior Policy Analyst, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MPP, George Washington Trachtenberg School of Public Policy. George David Banks: Chief Strategist (R), House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis; former adjunct research scholar, Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University; JD, George Mason University. Daniel Elizalde: Policy Analyst, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MPP, American University’s School of Public Affairs. “Designing a Climate and Trade Policy Fit for the United States.” Bipartisan Policy Center. Jul. 2024. https://bipartisanpolicy.org/download/?file=/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BPC-24_Energy-Emissions-Performance_R05.pdf.

an EPBCA could apply based on individual firms this accelerate transfer of low-carbon technologies to developing countries that host foreign production


Question: low-carbon technologies transfer

Firm-level BCA causes tech transfer.

Xan Fishman et. al 24. Senior Director, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MA, Tel Aviv University. John Jacobs: Senior Policy Analyst, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MPP, George Washington Trachtenberg School of Public Policy. George David Banks: Chief Strategist (R), House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis; former adjunct research scholar, Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University; JD, George Mason University. Daniel Elizalde: Policy Analyst, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MPP, American University’s School of Public Affairs. “Designing a Climate and Trade Policy Fit for the United States.” Bipartisan Policy Center. Jul. 2024. https://bipartisanpolicy.org/download/?file=/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BPC-24_Energy-Emissions-Performance_R05.pdf.

an EPBCA could apply based on individual firms this accelerate transfer of low-carbon technologies to developing countries that host foreign production


Question: climate and trade policy

Firm-level BCA causes tech transfer.

Xan Fishman et. al 24. Senior Director, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MA, Tel Aviv University. John Jacobs: Senior Policy Analyst, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MPP, George Washington Trachtenberg School of Public Policy. George David Banks: Chief Strategist (R), House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis; former adjunct research scholar, Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University; JD, George Mason University. Daniel Elizalde: Policy Analyst, Energy Program, Bipartisan Policy Center; MPP, American University’s School of Public Affairs. “Designing a Climate and Trade Policy Fit for the United States.” Bipartisan Policy Center. Jul. 2024. https://bipartisanpolicy.org/download/?file=/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BPC-24_Energy-Emissions-Performance_R05.pdf.

an EPBCA could apply based on individual firms this accelerate transfer of low-carbon technologies to developing countries that host foreign production


Question: corn anthropocentrism rupture in nature

Feeding farm animals corn is a revolting manifestation of anthropocentrism and creates a rupture in nature

Pollan 2006, Michael (Michael Pollan is the Lewis K. Chan Arts Lecturer at Harvard University, and director of the Knight Program in Science and Environmental Journalism at UC Berkeley. He holds a bachelor’s from Oxford University, masters in English from Columbia University, an honorary doctorate from the University of Gastronomic Science, and was an 2022-2024 Guggenheim Fellow.)

corn violates the biological or evolutionary logic of bovine digestion Most health problems that afflict feedlot cattle can be traced to their diet . They’re made to eat forage and we’re making them eat grain Bloat is most serious thing wrong with a ruminant on corn The rumen presses against the animal’s lungs Unless action is taken (usually by forcing a hose down the animal’s esophagus), the animal suffocates corn can also give a cow acidosis Corn caus a kind of bovine heartburn that can kill the animal Acidotic animals go off their feed, pant and salivate excessively, paw and scratch their bellies, and eat dirt. The condition can lead to diarrhea, ulcers, bloat, rumenitis, liver disease, and a general weakening of the immune system that leaves the animal vulnerable to the full panoply of feedlot diseases—pneumonia, coccidiosis, enterotoxemia, feedlot polio. feedlot diets would eventually “blow out their livers” and kill them acids eat away at the rumen wall, allowing bacteria to enter the animal’s bloodstream they form abscesses and impair the liver’s function Between 15 percent and 30 percent of feedlot cows are found at slaughter to have abscessed livers figure runs as high as 70 percent.


Question: Pollan 2006 Harvard

Feeding farm animals corn is a revolting manifestation of anthropocentrism and creates a rupture in nature

Pollan 2006, Michael (Michael Pollan is the Lewis K. Chan Arts Lecturer at Harvard University, and director of the Knight Program in Science and Environmental Journalism at UC Berkeley. He holds a bachelor’s from Oxford University, masters in English from Columbia University, an honorary doctorate from the University of Gastronomic Science, and was an 2022-2024 Guggenheim Fellow.)

corn violates the biological or evolutionary logic of bovine digestion Most health problems that afflict feedlot cattle can be traced to their diet . They’re made to eat forage and we’re making them eat grain Bloat is most serious thing wrong with a ruminant on corn The rumen presses against the animal’s lungs Unless action is taken (usually by forcing a hose down the animal’s esophagus), the animal suffocates corn can also give a cow acidosis Corn caus a kind of bovine heartburn that can kill the animal Acidotic animals go off their feed, pant and salivate excessively, paw and scratch their bellies, and eat dirt. The condition can lead to diarrhea, ulcers, bloat, rumenitis, liver disease, and a general weakening of the immune system that leaves the animal vulnerable to the full panoply of feedlot diseases—pneumonia, coccidiosis, enterotoxemia, feedlot polio. feedlot diets would eventually “blow out their livers” and kill them acids eat away at the rumen wall, allowing bacteria to enter the animal’s bloodstream they form abscesses and impair the liver’s function Between 15 percent and 30 percent of feedlot cows are found at slaughter to have abscessed livers figure runs as high as 70 percent.


Question: Michael Pollan corn

Feeding farm animals corn is a revolting manifestation of anthropocentrism and creates a rupture in nature

Pollan 2006, Michael (Michael Pollan is the Lewis K. Chan Arts Lecturer at Harvard University, and director of the Knight Program in Science and Environmental Journalism at UC Berkeley. He holds a bachelor’s from Oxford University, masters in English from Columbia University, an honorary doctorate from the University of Gastronomic Science, and was an 2022-2024 Guggenheim Fellow.)

corn violates the biological or evolutionary logic of bovine digestion Most health problems that afflict feedlot cattle can be traced to their diet . They’re made to eat forage and we’re making them eat grain Bloat is most serious thing wrong with a ruminant on corn The rumen presses against the animal’s lungs Unless action is taken (usually by forcing a hose down the animal’s esophagus), the animal suffocates corn can also give a cow acidosis Corn caus a kind of bovine heartburn that can kill the animal Acidotic animals go off their feed, pant and salivate excessively, paw and scratch their bellies, and eat dirt. The condition can lead to diarrhea, ulcers, bloat, rumenitis, liver disease, and a general weakening of the immune system that leaves the animal vulnerable to the full panoply of feedlot diseases—pneumonia, coccidiosis, enterotoxemia, feedlot polio. feedlot diets would eventually “blow out their livers” and kill them acids eat away at the rumen wall, allowing bacteria to enter the animal’s bloodstream they form abscesses and impair the liver’s function Between 15 percent and 30 percent of feedlot cows are found at slaughter to have abscessed livers figure runs as high as 70 percent.


Question: corn bad for cows

Feeding farm animals corn is a revolting manifestation of anthropocentrism and creates a rupture in nature

Pollan 2006, Michael (Michael Pollan is the Lewis K. Chan Arts Lecturer at Harvard University, and director of the Knight Program in Science and Environmental Journalism at UC Berkeley. He holds a bachelor’s from Oxford University, masters in English from Columbia University, an honorary doctorate from the University of Gastronomic Science, and was an 2022-2024 Guggenheim Fellow.)

corn violates the biological or evolutionary logic of bovine digestion Most health problems that afflict feedlot cattle can be traced to their diet . They’re made to eat forage and we’re making them eat grain Bloat is most serious thing wrong with a ruminant on corn The rumen presses against the animal’s lungs Unless action is taken (usually by forcing a hose down the animal’s esophagus), the animal suffocates corn can also give a cow acidosis Corn caus a kind of bovine heartburn that can kill the animal Acidotic animals go off their feed, pant and salivate excessively, paw and scratch their bellies, and eat dirt. The condition can lead to diarrhea, ulcers, bloat, rumenitis, liver disease, and a general weakening of the immune system that leaves the animal vulnerable to the full panoply of feedlot diseases—pneumonia, coccidiosis, enterotoxemia, feedlot polio. feedlot diets would eventually “blow out their livers” and kill them acids eat away at the rumen wall, allowing bacteria to enter the animal’s bloodstream they form abscesses and impair the liver’s function Between 15 percent and 30 percent of feedlot cows are found at slaughter to have abscessed livers figure runs as high as 70 percent.


Question: cows shouldn't eat corn

Feeding farm animals corn is a revolting manifestation of anthropocentrism and creates a rupture in nature

Pollan 2006, Michael (Michael Pollan is the Lewis K. Chan Arts Lecturer at Harvard University, and director of the Knight Program in Science and Environmental Journalism at UC Berkeley. He holds a bachelor’s from Oxford University, masters in English from Columbia University, an honorary doctorate from the University of Gastronomic Science, and was an 2022-2024 Guggenheim Fellow.)

corn violates the biological or evolutionary logic of bovine digestion Most health problems that afflict feedlot cattle can be traced to their diet . They’re made to eat forage and we’re making them eat grain Bloat is most serious thing wrong with a ruminant on corn The rumen presses against the animal’s lungs Unless action is taken (usually by forcing a hose down the animal’s esophagus), the animal suffocates corn can also give a cow acidosis Corn caus a kind of bovine heartburn that can kill the animal Acidotic animals go off their feed, pant and salivate excessively, paw and scratch their bellies, and eat dirt. The condition can lead to diarrhea, ulcers, bloat, rumenitis, liver disease, and a general weakening of the immune system that leaves the animal vulnerable to the full panoply of feedlot diseases—pneumonia, coccidiosis, enterotoxemia, feedlot polio. feedlot diets would eventually “blow out their livers” and kill them acids eat away at the rumen wall, allowing bacteria to enter the animal’s bloodstream they form abscesses and impair the liver’s function Between 15 percent and 30 percent of feedlot cows are found at slaughter to have abscessed livers figure runs as high as 70 percent.