Question: NDAA likely to pass

Floor time is thumped now.

Mangas et al. ’11-11 [Robert, Charles F. Bass, and Rodney Frelinghuysen; November 11, 2024; shareholder at Greenberg Traurig LLP who previously served as chief of staff to Sen. Wendell Ford, the former Senate majority whip; senior director at Greenberg Traurig LLP, served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for New Hampshire's 2nd Congressional district from 1995 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2013 where he served on the Budget, Government Reform and Oversight, Transportation and Infrastructure, Intelligence, and Energy and Commerce Committees; senior director at Greenberg Traurig LLP, served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for New Jersey's 11th Congressional District from 1995 to 2019, where he served as chair of the House Appropriations Committee from 2017 to 2019 and chaired the Defense Appropriations and Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies subcommittees before that; Law360, “Legislation Most Likely To Pass In Lame Duck Session,” law360.com/articles/2258929/legislation-most-likely-to-pass-in-lame-duck-session]

With limited time many will attempt to add their priorities to larger packages Every issue will be scrutinized as to whether it is a " must pass Must Pass N D A A May Pass Water Resources Development Act A I China Proposals The NDAA amendment Senate Nominations Possible, But Not Likely Farm Bill Online Safety Data Privacy Permitting Reform


Question: limited time many will attempt

Floor time is thumped now.

Mangas et al. ’11-11 [Robert, Charles F. Bass, and Rodney Frelinghuysen; November 11, 2024; shareholder at Greenberg Traurig LLP who previously served as chief of staff to Sen. Wendell Ford, the former Senate majority whip; senior director at Greenberg Traurig LLP, served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for New Hampshire's 2nd Congressional district from 1995 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2013 where he served on the Budget, Government Reform and Oversight, Transportation and Infrastructure, Intelligence, and Energy and Commerce Committees; senior director at Greenberg Traurig LLP, served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for New Jersey's 11th Congressional District from 1995 to 2019, where he served as chair of the House Appropriations Committee from 2017 to 2019 and chaired the Defense Appropriations and Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies subcommittees before that; Law360, “Legislation Most Likely To Pass In Lame Duck Session,” law360.com/articles/2258929/legislation-most-likely-to-pass-in-lame-duck-session]

With limited time many will attempt to add their priorities to larger packages Every issue will be scrutinized as to whether it is a " must pass Must Pass N D A A May Pass Water Resources Development Act A I China Proposals The NDAA amendment Senate Nominations Possible, But Not Likely Farm Bill Online Safety Data Privacy Permitting Reform


Question: water resources development act

Floor time is thumped now.

Mangas et al. ’11-11 [Robert, Charles F. Bass, and Rodney Frelinghuysen; November 11, 2024; shareholder at Greenberg Traurig LLP who previously served as chief of staff to Sen. Wendell Ford, the former Senate majority whip; senior director at Greenberg Traurig LLP, served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for New Hampshire's 2nd Congressional district from 1995 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2013 where he served on the Budget, Government Reform and Oversight, Transportation and Infrastructure, Intelligence, and Energy and Commerce Committees; senior director at Greenberg Traurig LLP, served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for New Jersey's 11th Congressional District from 1995 to 2019, where he served as chair of the House Appropriations Committee from 2017 to 2019 and chaired the Defense Appropriations and Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies subcommittees before that; Law360, “Legislation Most Likely To Pass In Lame Duck Session,” law360.com/articles/2258929/legislation-most-likely-to-pass-in-lame-duck-session]

With limited time many will attempt to add their priorities to larger packages Every issue will be scrutinized as to whether it is a " must pass Must Pass N D A A May Pass Water Resources Development Act A I China Proposals The NDAA amendment Senate Nominations Possible, But Not Likely Farm Bill Online Safety Data Privacy Permitting Reform


Question: farm bill online safety

Floor time is thumped now.

Mangas et al. ’11-11 [Robert, Charles F. Bass, and Rodney Frelinghuysen; November 11, 2024; shareholder at Greenberg Traurig LLP who previously served as chief of staff to Sen. Wendell Ford, the former Senate majority whip; senior director at Greenberg Traurig LLP, served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for New Hampshire's 2nd Congressional district from 1995 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2013 where he served on the Budget, Government Reform and Oversight, Transportation and Infrastructure, Intelligence, and Energy and Commerce Committees; senior director at Greenberg Traurig LLP, served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for New Jersey's 11th Congressional District from 1995 to 2019, where he served as chair of the House Appropriations Committee from 2017 to 2019 and chaired the Defense Appropriations and Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies subcommittees before that; Law360, “Legislation Most Likely To Pass In Lame Duck Session,” law360.com/articles/2258929/legislation-most-likely-to-pass-in-lame-duck-session]

With limited time many will attempt to add their priorities to larger packages Every issue will be scrutinized as to whether it is a " must pass Must Pass N D A A May Pass Water Resources Development Act A I China Proposals The NDAA amendment Senate Nominations Possible, But Not Likely Farm Bill Online Safety Data Privacy Permitting Reform


Question: legislation in lame duck session

Floor time is thumped now.

Mangas et al. ’11-11 [Robert, Charles F. Bass, and Rodney Frelinghuysen; November 11, 2024; shareholder at Greenberg Traurig LLP who previously served as chief of staff to Sen. Wendell Ford, the former Senate majority whip; senior director at Greenberg Traurig LLP, served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for New Hampshire's 2nd Congressional district from 1995 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2013 where he served on the Budget, Government Reform and Oversight, Transportation and Infrastructure, Intelligence, and Energy and Commerce Committees; senior director at Greenberg Traurig LLP, served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for New Jersey's 11th Congressional District from 1995 to 2019, where he served as chair of the House Appropriations Committee from 2017 to 2019 and chaired the Defense Appropriations and Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies subcommittees before that; Law360, “Legislation Most Likely To Pass In Lame Duck Session,” law360.com/articles/2258929/legislation-most-likely-to-pass-in-lame-duck-session]

With limited time many will attempt to add their priorities to larger packages Every issue will be scrutinized as to whether it is a " must pass Must Pass N D A A May Pass Water Resources Development Act A I China Proposals The NDAA amendment Senate Nominations Possible, But Not Likely Farm Bill Online Safety Data Privacy Permitting Reform


Question: Aff props up dirty oil

The aff props up dirty oil – natural gas reinforces carbon lock-in and is a convenient messaging tool for the same corporations that have caused every environmental problem in the first place – this is as much a clean energy policy as it is hegemonic consolidation for the fossil fuel industry

Si et al ’23 – School of Public Policy & Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

Promoting natural gas as beneficial for the energy transition reinforces carbon lock-in , delaying the transition BP and Shell focus attention on tech to reduce emissions, reliability and willingness to be partners in the transition the oil and gas industry accepts the existence of climate change but justifies inaction or inadequate efforts hegemonic power is central industry's climate obstruction ideology downplays the need for radical and transformational climate solutions and delays climate action reproducing hegemony and delaying action avoid social and political sanction large multinational oil and gas companies influence policy communication approach linking renewables to natural gas delay the energy transition and obstruct climate action policy implications raises the need for assessment of the oil and gas industry's communication and transformational change public messaging delay more impactful regulatory measures and transformative changes interdependence has not been matched by advance  in forecasting and modeling that give operators better understanding Power have trouble securing gas fed prioritize heating firm” contracts can’t structure hour to hour commitments from providers supply average amount of gas over “ nomination cycles electricity are hourly need to ramp up intraday nomination cycles don’t match Better coordination data-sharing could go a long way improving efficiency yield significant cost improvements reliable service . gas delivery contract a key barrier to operators penalties may not  solve a key problem how to encourage them to invest No stopgap efforts get at the underlying disconnect these two systems don’t talk to each other , and becoming increasingly intertwined The U.S. grid is very reliable 99.95% The cause of an outage typically is  not related to bulk power like a tree limb falling any individual line can fail, and the grid stays online seamlessly backup reserves enable the grid to quickly adapt to failure almost never loses power always enough capacity to meet  demand maintained by interconnecting and sharing across large regions the first step would be better software modeling that’s not easy to come by this depth of data-sharing don’t yet exist risks are built into models . So far hasn’t seen software applied to have been positive  signs grid survived its most brutal summer yet and "despite  record demand avoided  blackouts remarkable considering 2023  was the hottest since 1880 cyber war has yet to arrive Worst-case scenario nuclear attacks are unlikely and counterintuitive most reflect deniable oper- ations below the threshold of conflict Decades of research have laid bare We failed to witness death and destruction digital conflict is not a path toward escalation uncertainty push states toward restraint rather than war . while conflicts continue to prolifer-ate , their severity and impact will remain minor increased demand for energy and  storage  results in secure grids While it is acknowledged  that threats becoming more coordinated it  is hard to quantify how attacks  are  thwarted the scale , scope and complexity means it would be hard  for rogue group  of hackers to disrupt it. Hackers face collective response cyberattacks have alerted authorities  to vulnerabilities Power operators have processes in place to prevent access and even in the unlikely event backup systems  would be activated This includes self-healing  capabilities that automatically recover from attacks


Question: Si et al 23

The aff props up dirty oil – natural gas reinforces carbon lock-in and is a convenient messaging tool for the same corporations that have caused every environmental problem in the first place – this is as much a clean energy policy as it is hegemonic consolidation for the fossil fuel industry

Si et al ’23 – School of Public Policy & Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

Promoting natural gas as beneficial for the energy transition reinforces carbon lock-in , delaying the transition BP and Shell focus attention on tech to reduce emissions, reliability and willingness to be partners in the transition the oil and gas industry accepts the existence of climate change but justifies inaction or inadequate efforts hegemonic power is central industry's climate obstruction ideology downplays the need for radical and transformational climate solutions and delays climate action reproducing hegemony and delaying action avoid social and political sanction large multinational oil and gas companies influence policy communication approach linking renewables to natural gas delay the energy transition and obstruct climate action policy implications raises the need for assessment of the oil and gas industry's communication and transformational change public messaging delay more impactful regulatory measures and transformative changes interdependence has not been matched by advance  in forecasting and modeling that give operators better understanding Power have trouble securing gas fed prioritize heating firm” contracts can’t structure hour to hour commitments from providers supply average amount of gas over “ nomination cycles electricity are hourly need to ramp up intraday nomination cycles don’t match Better coordination data-sharing could go a long way improving efficiency yield significant cost improvements reliable service . gas delivery contract a key barrier to operators penalties may not  solve a key problem how to encourage them to invest No stopgap efforts get at the underlying disconnect these two systems don’t talk to each other , and becoming increasingly intertwined The U.S. grid is very reliable 99.95% The cause of an outage typically is  not related to bulk power like a tree limb falling any individual line can fail, and the grid stays online seamlessly backup reserves enable the grid to quickly adapt to failure almost never loses power always enough capacity to meet  demand maintained by interconnecting and sharing across large regions the first step would be better software modeling that’s not easy to come by this depth of data-sharing don’t yet exist risks are built into models . So far hasn’t seen software applied to have been positive  signs grid survived its most brutal summer yet and "despite  record demand avoided  blackouts remarkable considering 2023  was the hottest since 1880 cyber war has yet to arrive Worst-case scenario nuclear attacks are unlikely and counterintuitive most reflect deniable oper- ations below the threshold of conflict Decades of research have laid bare We failed to witness death and destruction digital conflict is not a path toward escalation uncertainty push states toward restraint rather than war . while conflicts continue to prolifer-ate , their severity and impact will remain minor increased demand for energy and  storage  results in secure grids While it is acknowledged  that threats becoming more coordinated it  is hard to quantify how attacks  are  thwarted the scale , scope and complexity means it would be hard  for rogue group  of hackers to disrupt it. Hackers face collective response cyberattacks have alerted authorities  to vulnerabilities Power operators have processes in place to prevent access and even in the unlikely event backup systems  would be activated This includes self-healing  capabilities that automatically recover from attacks


Question: natural gas carbon lock-in

The aff props up dirty oil – natural gas reinforces carbon lock-in and is a convenient messaging tool for the same corporations that have caused every environmental problem in the first place – this is as much a clean energy policy as it is hegemonic consolidation for the fossil fuel industry

Si et al ’23 – School of Public Policy & Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

Promoting natural gas as beneficial for the energy transition reinforces carbon lock-in , delaying the transition BP and Shell focus attention on tech to reduce emissions, reliability and willingness to be partners in the transition the oil and gas industry accepts the existence of climate change but justifies inaction or inadequate efforts hegemonic power is central industry's climate obstruction ideology downplays the need for radical and transformational climate solutions and delays climate action reproducing hegemony and delaying action avoid social and political sanction large multinational oil and gas companies influence policy communication approach linking renewables to natural gas delay the energy transition and obstruct climate action policy implications raises the need for assessment of the oil and gas industry's communication and transformational change public messaging delay more impactful regulatory measures and transformative changes interdependence has not been matched by advance  in forecasting and modeling that give operators better understanding Power have trouble securing gas fed prioritize heating firm” contracts can’t structure hour to hour commitments from providers supply average amount of gas over “ nomination cycles electricity are hourly need to ramp up intraday nomination cycles don’t match Better coordination data-sharing could go a long way improving efficiency yield significant cost improvements reliable service . gas delivery contract a key barrier to operators penalties may not  solve a key problem how to encourage them to invest No stopgap efforts get at the underlying disconnect these two systems don’t talk to each other , and becoming increasingly intertwined The U.S. grid is very reliable 99.95% The cause of an outage typically is  not related to bulk power like a tree limb falling any individual line can fail, and the grid stays online seamlessly backup reserves enable the grid to quickly adapt to failure almost never loses power always enough capacity to meet  demand maintained by interconnecting and sharing across large regions the first step would be better software modeling that’s not easy to come by this depth of data-sharing don’t yet exist risks are built into models . So far hasn’t seen software applied to have been positive  signs grid survived its most brutal summer yet and "despite  record demand avoided  blackouts remarkable considering 2023  was the hottest since 1880 cyber war has yet to arrive Worst-case scenario nuclear attacks are unlikely and counterintuitive most reflect deniable oper- ations below the threshold of conflict Decades of research have laid bare We failed to witness death and destruction digital conflict is not a path toward escalation uncertainty push states toward restraint rather than war . while conflicts continue to prolifer-ate , their severity and impact will remain minor increased demand for energy and  storage  results in secure grids While it is acknowledged  that threats becoming more coordinated it  is hard to quantify how attacks  are  thwarted the scale , scope and complexity means it would be hard  for rogue group  of hackers to disrupt it. Hackers face collective response cyberattacks have alerted authorities  to vulnerabilities Power operators have processes in place to prevent access and even in the unlikely event backup systems  would be activated This includes self-healing  capabilities that automatically recover from attacks


Question: fossil fuel industry hegemony

The aff props up dirty oil – natural gas reinforces carbon lock-in and is a convenient messaging tool for the same corporations that have caused every environmental problem in the first place – this is as much a clean energy policy as it is hegemonic consolidation for the fossil fuel industry

Si et al ’23 – School of Public Policy & Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

Promoting natural gas as beneficial for the energy transition reinforces carbon lock-in , delaying the transition BP and Shell focus attention on tech to reduce emissions, reliability and willingness to be partners in the transition the oil and gas industry accepts the existence of climate change but justifies inaction or inadequate efforts hegemonic power is central industry's climate obstruction ideology downplays the need for radical and transformational climate solutions and delays climate action reproducing hegemony and delaying action avoid social and political sanction large multinational oil and gas companies influence policy communication approach linking renewables to natural gas delay the energy transition and obstruct climate action policy implications raises the need for assessment of the oil and gas industry's communication and transformational change public messaging delay more impactful regulatory measures and transformative changes interdependence has not been matched by advance  in forecasting and modeling that give operators better understanding Power have trouble securing gas fed prioritize heating firm” contracts can’t structure hour to hour commitments from providers supply average amount of gas over “ nomination cycles electricity are hourly need to ramp up intraday nomination cycles don’t match Better coordination data-sharing could go a long way improving efficiency yield significant cost improvements reliable service . gas delivery contract a key barrier to operators penalties may not  solve a key problem how to encourage them to invest No stopgap efforts get at the underlying disconnect these two systems don’t talk to each other , and becoming increasingly intertwined The U.S. grid is very reliable 99.95% The cause of an outage typically is  not related to bulk power like a tree limb falling any individual line can fail, and the grid stays online seamlessly backup reserves enable the grid to quickly adapt to failure almost never loses power always enough capacity to meet  demand maintained by interconnecting and sharing across large regions the first step would be better software modeling that’s not easy to come by this depth of data-sharing don’t yet exist risks are built into models . So far hasn’t seen software applied to have been positive  signs grid survived its most brutal summer yet and "despite  record demand avoided  blackouts remarkable considering 2023  was the hottest since 1880 cyber war has yet to arrive Worst-case scenario nuclear attacks are unlikely and counterintuitive most reflect deniable oper- ations below the threshold of conflict Decades of research have laid bare We failed to witness death and destruction digital conflict is not a path toward escalation uncertainty push states toward restraint rather than war . while conflicts continue to prolifer-ate , their severity and impact will remain minor increased demand for energy and  storage  results in secure grids While it is acknowledged  that threats becoming more coordinated it  is hard to quantify how attacks  are  thwarted the scale , scope and complexity means it would be hard  for rogue group  of hackers to disrupt it. Hackers face collective response cyberattacks have alerted authorities  to vulnerabilities Power operators have processes in place to prevent access and even in the unlikely event backup systems  would be activated This includes self-healing  capabilities that automatically recover from attacks


Question: dirty oil clean energy policy

The aff props up dirty oil – natural gas reinforces carbon lock-in and is a convenient messaging tool for the same corporations that have caused every environmental problem in the first place – this is as much a clean energy policy as it is hegemonic consolidation for the fossil fuel industry

Si et al ’23 – School of Public Policy & Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

Promoting natural gas as beneficial for the energy transition reinforces carbon lock-in , delaying the transition BP and Shell focus attention on tech to reduce emissions, reliability and willingness to be partners in the transition the oil and gas industry accepts the existence of climate change but justifies inaction or inadequate efforts hegemonic power is central industry's climate obstruction ideology downplays the need for radical and transformational climate solutions and delays climate action reproducing hegemony and delaying action avoid social and political sanction large multinational oil and gas companies influence policy communication approach linking renewables to natural gas delay the energy transition and obstruct climate action policy implications raises the need for assessment of the oil and gas industry's communication and transformational change public messaging delay more impactful regulatory measures and transformative changes interdependence has not been matched by advance  in forecasting and modeling that give operators better understanding Power have trouble securing gas fed prioritize heating firm” contracts can’t structure hour to hour commitments from providers supply average amount of gas over “ nomination cycles electricity are hourly need to ramp up intraday nomination cycles don’t match Better coordination data-sharing could go a long way improving efficiency yield significant cost improvements reliable service . gas delivery contract a key barrier to operators penalties may not  solve a key problem how to encourage them to invest No stopgap efforts get at the underlying disconnect these two systems don’t talk to each other , and becoming increasingly intertwined The U.S. grid is very reliable 99.95% The cause of an outage typically is  not related to bulk power like a tree limb falling any individual line can fail, and the grid stays online seamlessly backup reserves enable the grid to quickly adapt to failure almost never loses power always enough capacity to meet  demand maintained by interconnecting and sharing across large regions the first step would be better software modeling that’s not easy to come by this depth of data-sharing don’t yet exist risks are built into models . So far hasn’t seen software applied to have been positive  signs grid survived its most brutal summer yet and "despite  record demand avoided  blackouts remarkable considering 2023  was the hottest since 1880 cyber war has yet to arrive Worst-case scenario nuclear attacks are unlikely and counterintuitive most reflect deniable oper- ations below the threshold of conflict Decades of research have laid bare We failed to witness death and destruction digital conflict is not a path toward escalation uncertainty push states toward restraint rather than war . while conflicts continue to prolifer-ate , their severity and impact will remain minor increased demand for energy and  storage  results in secure grids While it is acknowledged  that threats becoming more coordinated it  is hard to quantify how attacks  are  thwarted the scale , scope and complexity means it would be hard  for rogue group  of hackers to disrupt it. Hackers face collective response cyberattacks have alerted authorities  to vulnerabilities Power operators have processes in place to prevent access and even in the unlikely event backup systems  would be activated This includes self-healing  capabilities that automatically recover from attacks


Question: natural gas delays transition

The aff props up dirty oil – natural gas reinforces carbon lock-in and is a convenient messaging tool for the same corporations that have caused every environmental problem in the first place – this is as much a clean energy policy as it is hegemonic consolidation for the fossil fuel industry

Si et al ’23 – School of Public Policy & Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

Promoting natural gas as beneficial for the energy transition reinforces carbon lock-in , delaying the transition BP and Shell focus attention on tech to reduce emissions, reliability and willingness to be partners in the transition the oil and gas industry accepts the existence of climate change but justifies inaction or inadequate efforts hegemonic power is central industry's climate obstruction ideology downplays the need for radical and transformational climate solutions and delays climate action reproducing hegemony and delaying action avoid social and political sanction large multinational oil and gas companies influence policy communication approach linking renewables to natural gas delay the energy transition and obstruct climate action policy implications raises the need for assessment of the oil and gas industry's communication and transformational change public messaging delay more impactful regulatory measures and transformative changes interdependence has not been matched by advance  in forecasting and modeling that give operators better understanding Power have trouble securing gas fed prioritize heating firm” contracts can’t structure hour to hour commitments from providers supply average amount of gas over “ nomination cycles electricity are hourly need to ramp up intraday nomination cycles don’t match Better coordination data-sharing could go a long way improving efficiency yield significant cost improvements reliable service . gas delivery contract a key barrier to operators penalties may not  solve a key problem how to encourage them to invest No stopgap efforts get at the underlying disconnect these two systems don’t talk to each other , and becoming increasingly intertwined The U.S. grid is very reliable 99.95% The cause of an outage typically is  not related to bulk power like a tree limb falling any individual line can fail, and the grid stays online seamlessly backup reserves enable the grid to quickly adapt to failure almost never loses power always enough capacity to meet  demand maintained by interconnecting and sharing across large regions the first step would be better software modeling that’s not easy to come by this depth of data-sharing don’t yet exist risks are built into models . So far hasn’t seen software applied to have been positive  signs grid survived its most brutal summer yet and "despite  record demand avoided  blackouts remarkable considering 2023  was the hottest since 1880 cyber war has yet to arrive Worst-case scenario nuclear attacks are unlikely and counterintuitive most reflect deniable oper- ations below the threshold of conflict Decades of research have laid bare We failed to witness death and destruction digital conflict is not a path toward escalation uncertainty push states toward restraint rather than war . while conflicts continue to prolifer-ate , their severity and impact will remain minor increased demand for energy and  storage  results in secure grids While it is acknowledged  that threats becoming more coordinated it  is hard to quantify how attacks  are  thwarted the scale , scope and complexity means it would be hard  for rogue group  of hackers to disrupt it. Hackers face collective response cyberattacks have alerted authorities  to vulnerabilities Power operators have processes in place to prevent access and even in the unlikely event backup systems  would be activated This includes self-healing  capabilities that automatically recover from attacks


Question: natural gas climate obstruction

The aff props up dirty oil – natural gas reinforces carbon lock-in and is a convenient messaging tool for the same corporations that have caused every environmental problem in the first place – this is as much a clean energy policy as it is hegemonic consolidation for the fossil fuel industry

Si et al ’23 – School of Public Policy & Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

Promoting natural gas as beneficial for the energy transition reinforces carbon lock-in , delaying the transition BP and Shell focus attention on tech to reduce emissions, reliability and willingness to be partners in the transition the oil and gas industry accepts the existence of climate change but justifies inaction or inadequate efforts hegemonic power is central industry's climate obstruction ideology downplays the need for radical and transformational climate solutions and delays climate action reproducing hegemony and delaying action avoid social and political sanction large multinational oil and gas companies influence policy communication approach linking renewables to natural gas delay the energy transition and obstruct climate action policy implications raises the need for assessment of the oil and gas industry's communication and transformational change public messaging delay more impactful regulatory measures and transformative changes interdependence has not been matched by advance  in forecasting and modeling that give operators better understanding Power have trouble securing gas fed prioritize heating firm” contracts can’t structure hour to hour commitments from providers supply average amount of gas over “ nomination cycles electricity are hourly need to ramp up intraday nomination cycles don’t match Better coordination data-sharing could go a long way improving efficiency yield significant cost improvements reliable service . gas delivery contract a key barrier to operators penalties may not  solve a key problem how to encourage them to invest No stopgap efforts get at the underlying disconnect these two systems don’t talk to each other , and becoming increasingly intertwined The U.S. grid is very reliable 99.95% The cause of an outage typically is  not related to bulk power like a tree limb falling any individual line can fail, and the grid stays online seamlessly backup reserves enable the grid to quickly adapt to failure almost never loses power always enough capacity to meet  demand maintained by interconnecting and sharing across large regions the first step would be better software modeling that’s not easy to come by this depth of data-sharing don’t yet exist risks are built into models . So far hasn’t seen software applied to have been positive  signs grid survived its most brutal summer yet and "despite  record demand avoided  blackouts remarkable considering 2023  was the hottest since 1880 cyber war has yet to arrive Worst-case scenario nuclear attacks are unlikely and counterintuitive most reflect deniable oper- ations below the threshold of conflict Decades of research have laid bare We failed to witness death and destruction digital conflict is not a path toward escalation uncertainty push states toward restraint rather than war . while conflicts continue to prolifer-ate , their severity and impact will remain minor increased demand for energy and  storage  results in secure grids While it is acknowledged  that threats becoming more coordinated it  is hard to quantify how attacks  are  thwarted the scale , scope and complexity means it would be hard  for rogue group  of hackers to disrupt it. Hackers face collective response cyberattacks have alerted authorities  to vulnerabilities Power operators have processes in place to prevent access and even in the unlikely event backup systems  would be activated This includes self-healing  capabilities that automatically recover from attacks


Question: oil and gas industry communication

The aff props up dirty oil – natural gas reinforces carbon lock-in and is a convenient messaging tool for the same corporations that have caused every environmental problem in the first place – this is as much a clean energy policy as it is hegemonic consolidation for the fossil fuel industry

Si et al ’23 – School of Public Policy & Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

Promoting natural gas as beneficial for the energy transition reinforces carbon lock-in , delaying the transition BP and Shell focus attention on tech to reduce emissions, reliability and willingness to be partners in the transition the oil and gas industry accepts the existence of climate change but justifies inaction or inadequate efforts hegemonic power is central industry's climate obstruction ideology downplays the need for radical and transformational climate solutions and delays climate action reproducing hegemony and delaying action avoid social and political sanction large multinational oil and gas companies influence policy communication approach linking renewables to natural gas delay the energy transition and obstruct climate action policy implications raises the need for assessment of the oil and gas industry's communication and transformational change public messaging delay more impactful regulatory measures and transformative changes interdependence has not been matched by advance  in forecasting and modeling that give operators better understanding Power have trouble securing gas fed prioritize heating firm” contracts can’t structure hour to hour commitments from providers supply average amount of gas over “ nomination cycles electricity are hourly need to ramp up intraday nomination cycles don’t match Better coordination data-sharing could go a long way improving efficiency yield significant cost improvements reliable service . gas delivery contract a key barrier to operators penalties may not  solve a key problem how to encourage them to invest No stopgap efforts get at the underlying disconnect these two systems don’t talk to each other , and becoming increasingly intertwined The U.S. grid is very reliable 99.95% The cause of an outage typically is  not related to bulk power like a tree limb falling any individual line can fail, and the grid stays online seamlessly backup reserves enable the grid to quickly adapt to failure almost never loses power always enough capacity to meet  demand maintained by interconnecting and sharing across large regions the first step would be better software modeling that’s not easy to come by this depth of data-sharing don’t yet exist risks are built into models . So far hasn’t seen software applied to have been positive  signs grid survived its most brutal summer yet and "despite  record demand avoided  blackouts remarkable considering 2023  was the hottest since 1880 cyber war has yet to arrive Worst-case scenario nuclear attacks are unlikely and counterintuitive most reflect deniable oper- ations below the threshold of conflict Decades of research have laid bare We failed to witness death and destruction digital conflict is not a path toward escalation uncertainty push states toward restraint rather than war . while conflicts continue to prolifer-ate , their severity and impact will remain minor increased demand for energy and  storage  results in secure grids While it is acknowledged  that threats becoming more coordinated it  is hard to quantify how attacks  are  thwarted the scale , scope and complexity means it would be hard  for rogue group  of hackers to disrupt it. Hackers face collective response cyberattacks have alerted authorities  to vulnerabilities Power operators have processes in place to prevent access and even in the unlikely event backup systems  would be activated This includes self-healing  capabilities that automatically recover from attacks


Question: US leadership climate targets

US leadership is possible and necessary to meet global climate targets.

Sufia Alam 23. Senior Communications Advisor. Emily Becker, Deputy Director of Communications for the Climate & Energy Program. When America Leads: Why the US Should Lead the Clean Energy Transition. Third Way, 22 September 2023. https://www.thirdway.org/memo/when-america-leads-why-the-us-should-lead-the-clean-energy-transition. Accessed 30 August 2024

The US holds potential to lead the world as a clean energy superpower representing a $130 trillion market while helping the world reduce 30 gigatons of CO2 annually China is leading globally But that will change we have seen $213 billion in clean investment with the right investments the US is poised to excel challenging China’s control the US can recapture a $1 trillion offshore wind market and $5 trillion solar market revitalize manufacturing These investments help maintain energy independence e v s the U S to compete for 10 million jobs solar has potential to generate 550,000 jobs


Question: Alam and Becker 23

US leadership is possible and necessary to meet global climate targets.

Sufia Alam 23. Senior Communications Advisor. Emily Becker, Deputy Director of Communications for the Climate & Energy Program. When America Leads: Why the US Should Lead the Clean Energy Transition. Third Way, 22 September 2023. https://www.thirdway.org/memo/when-america-leads-why-the-us-should-lead-the-clean-energy-transition. Accessed 30 August 2024

The US holds potential to lead the world as a clean energy superpower representing a $130 trillion market while helping the world reduce 30 gigatons of CO2 annually China is leading globally But that will change we have seen $213 billion in clean investment with the right investments the US is poised to excel challenging China’s control the US can recapture a $1 trillion offshore wind market and $5 trillion solar market revitalize manufacturing These investments help maintain energy independence e v s the U S to compete for 10 million jobs solar has potential to generate 550,000 jobs


Question: Sufia Alam

US leadership is possible and necessary to meet global climate targets.

Sufia Alam 23. Senior Communications Advisor. Emily Becker, Deputy Director of Communications for the Climate & Energy Program. When America Leads: Why the US Should Lead the Clean Energy Transition. Third Way, 22 September 2023. https://www.thirdway.org/memo/when-america-leads-why-the-us-should-lead-the-clean-energy-transition. Accessed 30 August 2024

The US holds potential to lead the world as a clean energy superpower representing a $130 trillion market while helping the world reduce 30 gigatons of CO2 annually China is leading globally But that will change we have seen $213 billion in clean investment with the right investments the US is poised to excel challenging China’s control the US can recapture a $1 trillion offshore wind market and $5 trillion solar market revitalize manufacturing These investments help maintain energy independence e v s the U S to compete for 10 million jobs solar has potential to generate 550,000 jobs


Question: US clean energy superpower

US leadership is possible and necessary to meet global climate targets.

Sufia Alam 23. Senior Communications Advisor. Emily Becker, Deputy Director of Communications for the Climate & Energy Program. When America Leads: Why the US Should Lead the Clean Energy Transition. Third Way, 22 September 2023. https://www.thirdway.org/memo/when-america-leads-why-the-us-should-lead-the-clean-energy-transition. Accessed 30 August 2024

The US holds potential to lead the world as a clean energy superpower representing a $130 trillion market while helping the world reduce 30 gigatons of CO2 annually China is leading globally But that will change we have seen $213 billion in clean investment with the right investments the US is poised to excel challenging China’s control the US can recapture a $1 trillion offshore wind market and $5 trillion solar market revitalize manufacturing These investments help maintain energy independence e v s the U S to compete for 10 million jobs solar has potential to generate 550,000 jobs


Question: US can lead clean energy

US leadership is possible and necessary to meet global climate targets.

Sufia Alam 23. Senior Communications Advisor. Emily Becker, Deputy Director of Communications for the Climate & Energy Program. When America Leads: Why the US Should Lead the Clean Energy Transition. Third Way, 22 September 2023. https://www.thirdway.org/memo/when-america-leads-why-the-us-should-lead-the-clean-energy-transition. Accessed 30 August 2024

The US holds potential to lead the world as a clean energy superpower representing a $130 trillion market while helping the world reduce 30 gigatons of CO2 annually China is leading globally But that will change we have seen $213 billion in clean investment with the right investments the US is poised to excel challenging China’s control the US can recapture a $1 trillion offshore wind market and $5 trillion solar market revitalize manufacturing These investments help maintain energy independence e v s the U S to compete for 10 million jobs solar has potential to generate 550,000 jobs


Question: US challenge China's control

US leadership is possible and necessary to meet global climate targets.

Sufia Alam 23. Senior Communications Advisor. Emily Becker, Deputy Director of Communications for the Climate & Energy Program. When America Leads: Why the US Should Lead the Clean Energy Transition. Third Way, 22 September 2023. https://www.thirdway.org/memo/when-america-leads-why-the-us-should-lead-the-clean-energy-transition. Accessed 30 August 2024

The US holds potential to lead the world as a clean energy superpower representing a $130 trillion market while helping the world reduce 30 gigatons of CO2 annually China is leading globally But that will change we have seen $213 billion in clean investment with the right investments the US is poised to excel challenging China’s control the US can recapture a $1 trillion offshore wind market and $5 trillion solar market revitalize manufacturing These investments help maintain energy independence e v s the U S to compete for 10 million jobs solar has potential to generate 550,000 jobs


Question: US recapture offshore wind market

US leadership is possible and necessary to meet global climate targets.

Sufia Alam 23. Senior Communications Advisor. Emily Becker, Deputy Director of Communications for the Climate & Energy Program. When America Leads: Why the US Should Lead the Clean Energy Transition. Third Way, 22 September 2023. https://www.thirdway.org/memo/when-america-leads-why-the-us-should-lead-the-clean-energy-transition. Accessed 30 August 2024

The US holds potential to lead the world as a clean energy superpower representing a $130 trillion market while helping the world reduce 30 gigatons of CO2 annually China is leading globally But that will change we have seen $213 billion in clean investment with the right investments the US is poised to excel challenging China’s control the US can recapture a $1 trillion offshore wind market and $5 trillion solar market revitalize manufacturing These investments help maintain energy independence e v s the U S to compete for 10 million jobs solar has potential to generate 550,000 jobs


Question: US jobs from solar

US leadership is possible and necessary to meet global climate targets.

Sufia Alam 23. Senior Communications Advisor. Emily Becker, Deputy Director of Communications for the Climate & Energy Program. When America Leads: Why the US Should Lead the Clean Energy Transition. Third Way, 22 September 2023. https://www.thirdway.org/memo/when-america-leads-why-the-us-should-lead-the-clean-energy-transition. Accessed 30 August 2024

The US holds potential to lead the world as a clean energy superpower representing a $130 trillion market while helping the world reduce 30 gigatons of CO2 annually China is leading globally But that will change we have seen $213 billion in clean investment with the right investments the US is poised to excel challenging China’s control the US can recapture a $1 trillion offshore wind market and $5 trillion solar market revitalize manufacturing These investments help maintain energy independence e v s the U S to compete for 10 million jobs solar has potential to generate 550,000 jobs


Question: Trump 2.0 nuclear war extinction

Trump 2.0 guarantees nuclear war via arms racing, arms control erosion, debt explosion, and testing---extinction.

Cirincione ’24 [Joe; July 2; National Security Analyst, former President of the Ploughshares Fund, former Vice President of National Security at the Center for American Progress; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “Trump Has a Strategic Plan For The Country: Gearing Up For Nuclear War,” https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-has-a-strategic-plan-for-the-country-gearing-up-for-nuclear-war/]

re-elected Trump would put nuc s programs on steroids , trash arms control and trigger new nuc programs in other nations seizing control mean most dramatic build up of nuc s since Reagan scope , pace , and cost proposals accelerate nuc arms race decline in security and increase global conflicts explode national debt cost tens of billions weapons unleash nuc winter and famine that destroy all civilization Project 2025 compel Russia , China , Iran , and No Ko to increase budgets , warfighting deployments Japan , So Ko and Germany pushed over nuc line withdrawals from arms control is central goals U S abandon commitment not to test other nations follow suit push U S onto precipice of expensive and destabilizing nuc confrontation


Question: Cirincione 2024

Trump 2.0 guarantees nuclear war via arms racing, arms control erosion, debt explosion, and testing---extinction.

Cirincione ’24 [Joe; July 2; National Security Analyst, former President of the Ploughshares Fund, former Vice President of National Security at the Center for American Progress; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “Trump Has a Strategic Plan For The Country: Gearing Up For Nuclear War,” https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-has-a-strategic-plan-for-the-country-gearing-up-for-nuclear-war/]

re-elected Trump would put nuc s programs on steroids , trash arms control and trigger new nuc programs in other nations seizing control mean most dramatic build up of nuc s since Reagan scope , pace , and cost proposals accelerate nuc arms race decline in security and increase global conflicts explode national debt cost tens of billions weapons unleash nuc winter and famine that destroy all civilization Project 2025 compel Russia , China , Iran , and No Ko to increase budgets , warfighting deployments Japan , So Ko and Germany pushed over nuc line withdrawals from arms control is central goals U S abandon commitment not to test other nations follow suit push U S onto precipice of expensive and destabilizing nuc confrontation


Question: Trump nuclear arms race

Trump 2.0 guarantees nuclear war via arms racing, arms control erosion, debt explosion, and testing---extinction.

Cirincione ’24 [Joe; July 2; National Security Analyst, former President of the Ploughshares Fund, former Vice President of National Security at the Center for American Progress; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “Trump Has a Strategic Plan For The Country: Gearing Up For Nuclear War,” https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-has-a-strategic-plan-for-the-country-gearing-up-for-nuclear-war/]

re-elected Trump would put nuc s programs on steroids , trash arms control and trigger new nuc programs in other nations seizing control mean most dramatic build up of nuc s since Reagan scope , pace , and cost proposals accelerate nuc arms race decline in security and increase global conflicts explode national debt cost tens of billions weapons unleash nuc winter and famine that destroy all civilization Project 2025 compel Russia , China , Iran , and No Ko to increase budgets , warfighting deployments Japan , So Ko and Germany pushed over nuc line withdrawals from arms control is central goals U S abandon commitment not to test other nations follow suit push U S onto precipice of expensive and destabilizing nuc confrontation


Question: Trump nuke programs on steroids

Trump 2.0 guarantees nuclear war via arms racing, arms control erosion, debt explosion, and testing---extinction.

Cirincione ’24 [Joe; July 2; National Security Analyst, former President of the Ploughshares Fund, former Vice President of National Security at the Center for American Progress; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “Trump Has a Strategic Plan For The Country: Gearing Up For Nuclear War,” https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-has-a-strategic-plan-for-the-country-gearing-up-for-nuclear-war/]

re-elected Trump would put nuc s programs on steroids , trash arms control and trigger new nuc programs in other nations seizing control mean most dramatic build up of nuc s since Reagan scope , pace , and cost proposals accelerate nuc arms race decline in security and increase global conflicts explode national debt cost tens of billions weapons unleash nuc winter and famine that destroy all civilization Project 2025 compel Russia , China , Iran , and No Ko to increase budgets , warfighting deployments Japan , So Ko and Germany pushed over nuc line withdrawals from arms control is central goals U S abandon commitment not to test other nations follow suit push U S onto precipice of expensive and destabilizing nuc confrontation


Question: arms control erosion debt explosion

Trump 2.0 guarantees nuclear war via arms racing, arms control erosion, debt explosion, and testing---extinction.

Cirincione ’24 [Joe; July 2; National Security Analyst, former President of the Ploughshares Fund, former Vice President of National Security at the Center for American Progress; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “Trump Has a Strategic Plan For The Country: Gearing Up For Nuclear War,” https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-has-a-strategic-plan-for-the-country-gearing-up-for-nuclear-war/]

re-elected Trump would put nuc s programs on steroids , trash arms control and trigger new nuc programs in other nations seizing control mean most dramatic build up of nuc s since Reagan scope , pace , and cost proposals accelerate nuc arms race decline in security and increase global conflicts explode national debt cost tens of billions weapons unleash nuc winter and famine that destroy all civilization Project 2025 compel Russia , China , Iran , and No Ko to increase budgets , warfighting deployments Japan , So Ko and Germany pushed over nuc line withdrawals from arms control is central goals U S abandon commitment not to test other nations follow suit push U S onto precipice of expensive and destabilizing nuc confrontation


Question: Trump Project 2025 nuclear war

Trump 2.0 guarantees nuclear war via arms racing, arms control erosion, debt explosion, and testing---extinction.

Cirincione ’24 [Joe; July 2; National Security Analyst, former President of the Ploughshares Fund, former Vice President of National Security at the Center for American Progress; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “Trump Has a Strategic Plan For The Country: Gearing Up For Nuclear War,” https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-has-a-strategic-plan-for-the-country-gearing-up-for-nuclear-war/]

re-elected Trump would put nuc s programs on steroids , trash arms control and trigger new nuc programs in other nations seizing control mean most dramatic build up of nuc s since Reagan scope , pace , and cost proposals accelerate nuc arms race decline in security and increase global conflicts explode national debt cost tens of billions weapons unleash nuc winter and famine that destroy all civilization Project 2025 compel Russia , China , Iran , and No Ko to increase budgets , warfighting deployments Japan , So Ko and Germany pushed over nuc line withdrawals from arms control is central goals U S abandon commitment not to test other nations follow suit push U S onto precipice of expensive and destabilizing nuc confrontation


Question: Trump re-election nuclear war

Trump 2.0 guarantees nuclear war via arms racing, arms control erosion, debt explosion, and testing---extinction.

Cirincione ’24 [Joe; July 2; National Security Analyst, former President of the Ploughshares Fund, former Vice President of National Security at the Center for American Progress; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “Trump Has a Strategic Plan For The Country: Gearing Up For Nuclear War,” https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-has-a-strategic-plan-for-the-country-gearing-up-for-nuclear-war/]

re-elected Trump would put nuc s programs on steroids , trash arms control and trigger new nuc programs in other nations seizing control mean most dramatic build up of nuc s since Reagan scope , pace , and cost proposals accelerate nuc arms race decline in security and increase global conflicts explode national debt cost tens of billions weapons unleash nuc winter and famine that destroy all civilization Project 2025 compel Russia , China , Iran , and No Ko to increase budgets , warfighting deployments Japan , So Ko and Germany pushed over nuc line withdrawals from arms control is central goals U S abandon commitment not to test other nations follow suit push U S onto precipice of expensive and destabilizing nuc confrontation


Question: Harris avoids climate messaging

She’s avoiding climate messaging now to create room for economic messaging

Siegel 24 – reporter, POLITICO

Harris has not spent much time discussing climate change in her campaign despite the hundreds of billions in dollars the Biden administration devoted Harris is likely to focus on grocery price gouging as part of the economic platform as well as slashing other costs that are plaguing voters , such as housing and health care.


Question: Siegel 24

She’s avoiding climate messaging now to create room for economic messaging

Siegel 24 – reporter, POLITICO

Harris has not spent much time discussing climate change in her campaign despite the hundreds of billions in dollars the Biden administration devoted Harris is likely to focus on grocery price gouging as part of the economic platform as well as slashing other costs that are plaguing voters , such as housing and health care.


Question: Harris focuses on economy

She’s avoiding climate messaging now to create room for economic messaging

Siegel 24 – reporter, POLITICO

Harris has not spent much time discussing climate change in her campaign despite the hundreds of billions in dollars the Biden administration devoted Harris is likely to focus on grocery price gouging as part of the economic platform as well as slashing other costs that are plaguing voters , such as housing and health care.


Question: Biden admin climate spending

She’s avoiding climate messaging now to create room for economic messaging

Siegel 24 – reporter, POLITICO

Harris has not spent much time discussing climate change in her campaign despite the hundreds of billions in dollars the Biden administration devoted Harris is likely to focus on grocery price gouging as part of the economic platform as well as slashing other costs that are plaguing voters , such as housing and health care.


Question: Harris economic platform

She’s avoiding climate messaging now to create room for economic messaging

Siegel 24 – reporter, POLITICO

Harris has not spent much time discussing climate change in her campaign despite the hundreds of billions in dollars the Biden administration devoted Harris is likely to focus on grocery price gouging as part of the economic platform as well as slashing other costs that are plaguing voters , such as housing and health care.


Question: Harris avoids climate change

She’s avoiding climate messaging now to create room for economic messaging

Siegel 24 – reporter, POLITICO

Harris has not spent much time discussing climate change in her campaign despite the hundreds of billions in dollars the Biden administration devoted Harris is likely to focus on grocery price gouging as part of the economic platform as well as slashing other costs that are plaguing voters , such as housing and health care.


Question: Grocery price gouging Harris

She’s avoiding climate messaging now to create room for economic messaging

Siegel 24 – reporter, POLITICO

Harris has not spent much time discussing climate change in her campaign despite the hundreds of billions in dollars the Biden administration devoted Harris is likely to focus on grocery price gouging as part of the economic platform as well as slashing other costs that are plaguing voters , such as housing and health care.


Question: Harris voters health care

She’s avoiding climate messaging now to create room for economic messaging

Siegel 24 – reporter, POLITICO

Harris has not spent much time discussing climate change in her campaign despite the hundreds of billions in dollars the Biden administration devoted Harris is likely to focus on grocery price gouging as part of the economic platform as well as slashing other costs that are plaguing voters , such as housing and health care.


Question: 4---Boom and bust

4---Boom and bust.

Alan Maass 21. Communications staff for Rutgers AAUP-AFT. Marxism Shows Us How Our Problems Are Connected. Jacobin. 1-5-2021. https://jacobinmag.com/2021/01/marxism-capital-socialism-capitalism-book-review

Marxist economics explains economic busts that inevitably follow booms too much commerce contradiction reproduced as antagonism economy free-for-all Businesses hoping to get leg up on the competition when enough companies jump in market gets saturated sales slump debts grow focus on overproduction and competition repeatedly causes crisis to frantic overproduction undermines profitability and slams economy into reverse Competition is mainstay of capitalism it requires accumulation at any cost Every contradiction is a great hazard to our lives and an important crack in system


Question: Alan Maass 21

4---Boom and bust.

Alan Maass 21. Communications staff for Rutgers AAUP-AFT. Marxism Shows Us How Our Problems Are Connected. Jacobin. 1-5-2021. https://jacobinmag.com/2021/01/marxism-capital-socialism-capitalism-book-review

Marxist economics explains economic busts that inevitably follow booms too much commerce contradiction reproduced as antagonism economy free-for-all Businesses hoping to get leg up on the competition when enough companies jump in market gets saturated sales slump debts grow focus on overproduction and competition repeatedly causes crisis to frantic overproduction undermines profitability and slams economy into reverse Competition is mainstay of capitalism it requires accumulation at any cost Every contradiction is a great hazard to our lives and an important crack in system


Question: Marxism shows us how

4---Boom and bust.

Alan Maass 21. Communications staff for Rutgers AAUP-AFT. Marxism Shows Us How Our Problems Are Connected. Jacobin. 1-5-2021. https://jacobinmag.com/2021/01/marxism-capital-socialism-capitalism-book-review

Marxist economics explains economic busts that inevitably follow booms too much commerce contradiction reproduced as antagonism economy free-for-all Businesses hoping to get leg up on the competition when enough companies jump in market gets saturated sales slump debts grow focus on overproduction and competition repeatedly causes crisis to frantic overproduction undermines profitability and slams economy into reverse Competition is mainstay of capitalism it requires accumulation at any cost Every contradiction is a great hazard to our lives and an important crack in system


Question: economic busts that inevitably follow booms

4---Boom and bust.

Alan Maass 21. Communications staff for Rutgers AAUP-AFT. Marxism Shows Us How Our Problems Are Connected. Jacobin. 1-5-2021. https://jacobinmag.com/2021/01/marxism-capital-socialism-capitalism-book-review

Marxist economics explains economic busts that inevitably follow booms too much commerce contradiction reproduced as antagonism economy free-for-all Businesses hoping to get leg up on the competition when enough companies jump in market gets saturated sales slump debts grow focus on overproduction and competition repeatedly causes crisis to frantic overproduction undermines profitability and slams economy into reverse Competition is mainstay of capitalism it requires accumulation at any cost Every contradiction is a great hazard to our lives and an important crack in system


Question: Marxist economics explains economic busts

4---Boom and bust.

Alan Maass 21. Communications staff for Rutgers AAUP-AFT. Marxism Shows Us How Our Problems Are Connected. Jacobin. 1-5-2021. https://jacobinmag.com/2021/01/marxism-capital-socialism-capitalism-book-review

Marxist economics explains economic busts that inevitably follow booms too much commerce contradiction reproduced as antagonism economy free-for-all Businesses hoping to get leg up on the competition when enough companies jump in market gets saturated sales slump debts grow focus on overproduction and competition repeatedly causes crisis to frantic overproduction undermines profitability and slams economy into reverse Competition is mainstay of capitalism it requires accumulation at any cost Every contradiction is a great hazard to our lives and an important crack in system


Question: Capitalism boom and bust

4---Boom and bust.

Alan Maass 21. Communications staff for Rutgers AAUP-AFT. Marxism Shows Us How Our Problems Are Connected. Jacobin. 1-5-2021. https://jacobinmag.com/2021/01/marxism-capital-socialism-capitalism-book-review

Marxist economics explains economic busts that inevitably follow booms too much commerce contradiction reproduced as antagonism economy free-for-all Businesses hoping to get leg up on the competition when enough companies jump in market gets saturated sales slump debts grow focus on overproduction and competition repeatedly causes crisis to frantic overproduction undermines profitability and slams economy into reverse Competition is mainstay of capitalism it requires accumulation at any cost Every contradiction is a great hazard to our lives and an important crack in system


Question: Clean energy is inevitable

Clean energy is inevitable, but it’s not fast enough.

Ambrose ’24 [Jillian Ambrose is an energy correspondent for The Guardian. “Investment in Clean Energy Likely to be Double Figure for Fossil Fuels in 2024, IEA Says,” Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/jun/06/investment-in-clean-energy-likely-to-be-double-figure-for-fossil-fuels-in-2024-iea-says, published June 6, 2024, accessed 9-28-2024].

low-carbon electricity 10 times increase clean energy investment double too high climate targets off track to meet ripling re generation by 2030 vital to enable swift transition


Question: Ambrose 24 clean energy

Clean energy is inevitable, but it’s not fast enough.

Ambrose ’24 [Jillian Ambrose is an energy correspondent for The Guardian. “Investment in Clean Energy Likely to be Double Figure for Fossil Fuels in 2024, IEA Says,” Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/jun/06/investment-in-clean-energy-likely-to-be-double-figure-for-fossil-fuels-in-2024-iea-says, published June 6, 2024, accessed 9-28-2024].

low-carbon electricity 10 times increase clean energy investment double too high climate targets off track to meet ripling re generation by 2030 vital to enable swift transition


Question: Jillian Ambrose The Guardian

Clean energy is inevitable, but it’s not fast enough.

Ambrose ’24 [Jillian Ambrose is an energy correspondent for The Guardian. “Investment in Clean Energy Likely to be Double Figure for Fossil Fuels in 2024, IEA Says,” Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/jun/06/investment-in-clean-energy-likely-to-be-double-figure-for-fossil-fuels-in-2024-iea-says, published June 6, 2024, accessed 9-28-2024].

low-carbon electricity 10 times increase clean energy investment double too high climate targets off track to meet ripling re generation by 2030 vital to enable swift transition


Question: clean energy investment double

Clean energy is inevitable, but it’s not fast enough.

Ambrose ’24 [Jillian Ambrose is an energy correspondent for The Guardian. “Investment in Clean Energy Likely to be Double Figure for Fossil Fuels in 2024, IEA Says,” Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/jun/06/investment-in-clean-energy-likely-to-be-double-figure-for-fossil-fuels-in-2024-iea-says, published June 6, 2024, accessed 9-28-2024].

low-carbon electricity 10 times increase clean energy investment double too high climate targets off track to meet ripling re generation by 2030 vital to enable swift transition


Question: climate targets off track

Clean energy is inevitable, but it’s not fast enough.

Ambrose ’24 [Jillian Ambrose is an energy correspondent for The Guardian. “Investment in Clean Energy Likely to be Double Figure for Fossil Fuels in 2024, IEA Says,” Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/jun/06/investment-in-clean-energy-likely-to-be-double-figure-for-fossil-fuels-in-2024-iea-says, published June 6, 2024, accessed 9-28-2024].

low-carbon electricity 10 times increase clean energy investment double too high climate targets off track to meet ripling re generation by 2030 vital to enable swift transition


Question: ripling re generation by 2030

Clean energy is inevitable, but it’s not fast enough.

Ambrose ’24 [Jillian Ambrose is an energy correspondent for The Guardian. “Investment in Clean Energy Likely to be Double Figure for Fossil Fuels in 2024, IEA Says,” Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/jun/06/investment-in-clean-energy-likely-to-be-double-figure-for-fossil-fuels-in-2024-iea-says, published June 6, 2024, accessed 9-28-2024].

low-carbon electricity 10 times increase clean energy investment double too high climate targets off track to meet ripling re generation by 2030 vital to enable swift transition


Question: low-carbon electricity

Clean energy is inevitable, but it’s not fast enough.

Ambrose ’24 [Jillian Ambrose is an energy correspondent for The Guardian. “Investment in Clean Energy Likely to be Double Figure for Fossil Fuels in 2024, IEA Says,” Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/jun/06/investment-in-clean-energy-likely-to-be-double-figure-for-fossil-fuels-in-2024-iea-says, published June 6, 2024, accessed 9-28-2024].

low-carbon electricity 10 times increase clean energy investment double too high climate targets off track to meet ripling re generation by 2030 vital to enable swift transition


Question: clean energy not fast enough

Clean energy is inevitable, but it’s not fast enough.

Ambrose ’24 [Jillian Ambrose is an energy correspondent for The Guardian. “Investment in Clean Energy Likely to be Double Figure for Fossil Fuels in 2024, IEA Says,” Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/jun/06/investment-in-clean-energy-likely-to-be-double-figure-for-fossil-fuels-in-2024-iea-says, published June 6, 2024, accessed 9-28-2024].

low-carbon electricity 10 times increase clean energy investment double too high climate targets off track to meet ripling re generation by 2030 vital to enable swift transition


Question: Betting odds misunderstanding

Their ev fundamentally misunderstands how betting odds and voting probabilities work, Georgetown reads green

Shawn 2AC Tully 9/18, senior editor at Fortune, 18 September 2024, “Could there be a Kamala Harris landslide in November? The data scientist who correctly called the last election is betting yes,” Fortune, https://fortune.com/2024/09/18/trump-vs-harris-election-odds-who-will-win/.

Miller , a data scientist at Northwestern using a system to handicap the  supposedly super-tight election based on numbers-crunching that’s a lot more scientific than surveys he achieved pinpoint accuracy four years ago Which candidate do you expect to win?” Miller developed a “ generalized, linear model ” based on the most recent sixteen presidential elections Say on a certain day, bettors give candidate A a quote of 52 cents, amounting to 52% chance of winning. By Miller’s reckoning, those 52% odds should also mean that at that moment, the best forecast holds that 52% of likely voters plan to cast their ballots for candidate A. It’s gone from a drastic landslide in Trump’s direction to a drastic landslide for Harris The distance is so great only an epic swing would bring Trump back into contention


Question: voting probabilities

Their ev fundamentally misunderstands how betting odds and voting probabilities work, Georgetown reads green

Shawn 2AC Tully 9/18, senior editor at Fortune, 18 September 2024, “Could there be a Kamala Harris landslide in November? The data scientist who correctly called the last election is betting yes,” Fortune, https://fortune.com/2024/09/18/trump-vs-harris-election-odds-who-will-win/.

Miller , a data scientist at Northwestern using a system to handicap the  supposedly super-tight election based on numbers-crunching that’s a lot more scientific than surveys he achieved pinpoint accuracy four years ago Which candidate do you expect to win?” Miller developed a “ generalized, linear model ” based on the most recent sixteen presidential elections Say on a certain day, bettors give candidate A a quote of 52 cents, amounting to 52% chance of winning. By Miller’s reckoning, those 52% odds should also mean that at that moment, the best forecast holds that 52% of likely voters plan to cast their ballots for candidate A. It’s gone from a drastic landslide in Trump’s direction to a drastic landslide for Harris The distance is so great only an epic swing would bring Trump back into contention


Question: Shawn Tully

Their ev fundamentally misunderstands how betting odds and voting probabilities work, Georgetown reads green

Shawn 2AC Tully 9/18, senior editor at Fortune, 18 September 2024, “Could there be a Kamala Harris landslide in November? The data scientist who correctly called the last election is betting yes,” Fortune, https://fortune.com/2024/09/18/trump-vs-harris-election-odds-who-will-win/.

Miller , a data scientist at Northwestern using a system to handicap the  supposedly super-tight election based on numbers-crunching that’s a lot more scientific than surveys he achieved pinpoint accuracy four years ago Which candidate do you expect to win?” Miller developed a “ generalized, linear model ” based on the most recent sixteen presidential elections Say on a certain day, bettors give candidate A a quote of 52 cents, amounting to 52% chance of winning. By Miller’s reckoning, those 52% odds should also mean that at that moment, the best forecast holds that 52% of likely voters plan to cast their ballots for candidate A. It’s gone from a drastic landslide in Trump’s direction to a drastic landslide for Harris The distance is so great only an epic swing would bring Trump back into contention


Question: Miller data scientist

Their ev fundamentally misunderstands how betting odds and voting probabilities work, Georgetown reads green

Shawn 2AC Tully 9/18, senior editor at Fortune, 18 September 2024, “Could there be a Kamala Harris landslide in November? The data scientist who correctly called the last election is betting yes,” Fortune, https://fortune.com/2024/09/18/trump-vs-harris-election-odds-who-will-win/.

Miller , a data scientist at Northwestern using a system to handicap the  supposedly super-tight election based on numbers-crunching that’s a lot more scientific than surveys he achieved pinpoint accuracy four years ago Which candidate do you expect to win?” Miller developed a “ generalized, linear model ” based on the most recent sixteen presidential elections Say on a certain day, bettors give candidate A a quote of 52 cents, amounting to 52% chance of winning. By Miller’s reckoning, those 52% odds should also mean that at that moment, the best forecast holds that 52% of likely voters plan to cast their ballots for candidate A. It’s gone from a drastic landslide in Trump’s direction to a drastic landslide for Harris The distance is so great only an epic swing would bring Trump back into contention


Question: Harris landslide

Their ev fundamentally misunderstands how betting odds and voting probabilities work, Georgetown reads green

Shawn 2AC Tully 9/18, senior editor at Fortune, 18 September 2024, “Could there be a Kamala Harris landslide in November? The data scientist who correctly called the last election is betting yes,” Fortune, https://fortune.com/2024/09/18/trump-vs-harris-election-odds-who-will-win/.

Miller , a data scientist at Northwestern using a system to handicap the  supposedly super-tight election based on numbers-crunching that’s a lot more scientific than surveys he achieved pinpoint accuracy four years ago Which candidate do you expect to win?” Miller developed a “ generalized, linear model ” based on the most recent sixteen presidential elections Say on a certain day, bettors give candidate A a quote of 52 cents, amounting to 52% chance of winning. By Miller’s reckoning, those 52% odds should also mean that at that moment, the best forecast holds that 52% of likely voters plan to cast their ballots for candidate A. It’s gone from a drastic landslide in Trump’s direction to a drastic landslide for Harris The distance is so great only an epic swing would bring Trump back into contention


Question: best forecast voters plan cast ballots

Their ev fundamentally misunderstands how betting odds and voting probabilities work, Georgetown reads green

Shawn 2AC Tully 9/18, senior editor at Fortune, 18 September 2024, “Could there be a Kamala Harris landslide in November? The data scientist who correctly called the last election is betting yes,” Fortune, https://fortune.com/2024/09/18/trump-vs-harris-election-odds-who-will-win/.

Miller , a data scientist at Northwestern using a system to handicap the  supposedly super-tight election based on numbers-crunching that’s a lot more scientific than surveys he achieved pinpoint accuracy four years ago Which candidate do you expect to win?” Miller developed a “ generalized, linear model ” based on the most recent sixteen presidential elections Say on a certain day, bettors give candidate A a quote of 52 cents, amounting to 52% chance of winning. By Miller’s reckoning, those 52% odds should also mean that at that moment, the best forecast holds that 52% of likely voters plan to cast their ballots for candidate A. It’s gone from a drastic landslide in Trump’s direction to a drastic landslide for Harris The distance is so great only an epic swing would bring Trump back into contention


Question: betting odds mean voters will vote

Their ev fundamentally misunderstands how betting odds and voting probabilities work, Georgetown reads green

Shawn 2AC Tully 9/18, senior editor at Fortune, 18 September 2024, “Could there be a Kamala Harris landslide in November? The data scientist who correctly called the last election is betting yes,” Fortune, https://fortune.com/2024/09/18/trump-vs-harris-election-odds-who-will-win/.

Miller , a data scientist at Northwestern using a system to handicap the  supposedly super-tight election based on numbers-crunching that’s a lot more scientific than surveys he achieved pinpoint accuracy four years ago Which candidate do you expect to win?” Miller developed a “ generalized, linear model ” based on the most recent sixteen presidential elections Say on a certain day, bettors give candidate A a quote of 52 cents, amounting to 52% chance of winning. By Miller’s reckoning, those 52% odds should also mean that at that moment, the best forecast holds that 52% of likely voters plan to cast their ballots for candidate A. It’s gone from a drastic landslide in Trump’s direction to a drastic landslide for Harris The distance is so great only an epic swing would bring Trump back into contention


Question: election odds predict voters

Their ev fundamentally misunderstands how betting odds and voting probabilities work, Georgetown reads green

Shawn 2AC Tully 9/18, senior editor at Fortune, 18 September 2024, “Could there be a Kamala Harris landslide in November? The data scientist who correctly called the last election is betting yes,” Fortune, https://fortune.com/2024/09/18/trump-vs-harris-election-odds-who-will-win/.

Miller , a data scientist at Northwestern using a system to handicap the  supposedly super-tight election based on numbers-crunching that’s a lot more scientific than surveys he achieved pinpoint accuracy four years ago Which candidate do you expect to win?” Miller developed a “ generalized, linear model ” based on the most recent sixteen presidential elections Say on a certain day, bettors give candidate A a quote of 52 cents, amounting to 52% chance of winning. By Miller’s reckoning, those 52% odds should also mean that at that moment, the best forecast holds that 52% of likely voters plan to cast their ballots for candidate A. It’s gone from a drastic landslide in Trump’s direction to a drastic landslide for Harris The distance is so great only an epic swing would bring Trump back into contention


Question: Alt causes relations no impact

Alt causes to relations BUT no impact.

Stokes 22, visiting fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States (Bruce, “All is not well in the transatlantic relationship,” Politico, https://www.politico.eu/article/all-is-not-well-in-the-transatlantic-relationship/)

I conducted interviews with experts all is still not well in the transatlantic relationship significant achievements made resolving trade disputes tech coop coordinating relations with China also year marred by friction Afghanistan AUKUS political developments fed conclusion in Europe the relationship with U.S. will never go back with EU’s dependence on Chinese and Russian markets, Brussels and Washington find it difficult to act together .


Question: Stokes 22

Alt causes to relations BUT no impact.

Stokes 22, visiting fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States (Bruce, “All is not well in the transatlantic relationship,” Politico, https://www.politico.eu/article/all-is-not-well-in-the-transatlantic-relationship/)

I conducted interviews with experts all is still not well in the transatlantic relationship significant achievements made resolving trade disputes tech coop coordinating relations with China also year marred by friction Afghanistan AUKUS political developments fed conclusion in Europe the relationship with U.S. will never go back with EU’s dependence on Chinese and Russian markets, Brussels and Washington find it difficult to act together .


Question: transatlantic relationship

Alt causes to relations BUT no impact.

Stokes 22, visiting fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States (Bruce, “All is not well in the transatlantic relationship,” Politico, https://www.politico.eu/article/all-is-not-well-in-the-transatlantic-relationship/)

I conducted interviews with experts all is still not well in the transatlantic relationship significant achievements made resolving trade disputes tech coop coordinating relations with China also year marred by friction Afghanistan AUKUS political developments fed conclusion in Europe the relationship with U.S. will never go back with EU’s dependence on Chinese and Russian markets, Brussels and Washington find it difficult to act together .


Question: US EU relations bad

Alt causes to relations BUT no impact.

Stokes 22, visiting fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States (Bruce, “All is not well in the transatlantic relationship,” Politico, https://www.politico.eu/article/all-is-not-well-in-the-transatlantic-relationship/)

I conducted interviews with experts all is still not well in the transatlantic relationship significant achievements made resolving trade disputes tech coop coordinating relations with China also year marred by friction Afghanistan AUKUS political developments fed conclusion in Europe the relationship with U.S. will never go back with EU’s dependence on Chinese and Russian markets, Brussels and Washington find it difficult to act together .


Question: Afghanistan AUKUS friction

Alt causes to relations BUT no impact.

Stokes 22, visiting fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States (Bruce, “All is not well in the transatlantic relationship,” Politico, https://www.politico.eu/article/all-is-not-well-in-the-transatlantic-relationship/)

I conducted interviews with experts all is still not well in the transatlantic relationship significant achievements made resolving trade disputes tech coop coordinating relations with China also year marred by friction Afghanistan AUKUS political developments fed conclusion in Europe the relationship with U.S. will never go back with EU’s dependence on Chinese and Russian markets, Brussels and Washington find it difficult to act together .


Question: EU dependence on China

Alt causes to relations BUT no impact.

Stokes 22, visiting fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States (Bruce, “All is not well in the transatlantic relationship,” Politico, https://www.politico.eu/article/all-is-not-well-in-the-transatlantic-relationship/)

I conducted interviews with experts all is still not well in the transatlantic relationship significant achievements made resolving trade disputes tech coop coordinating relations with China also year marred by friction Afghanistan AUKUS political developments fed conclusion in Europe the relationship with U.S. will never go back with EU’s dependence on Chinese and Russian markets, Brussels and Washington find it difficult to act together .


Question: trade disputes tech coop

Alt causes to relations BUT no impact.

Stokes 22, visiting fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States (Bruce, “All is not well in the transatlantic relationship,” Politico, https://www.politico.eu/article/all-is-not-well-in-the-transatlantic-relationship/)

I conducted interviews with experts all is still not well in the transatlantic relationship significant achievements made resolving trade disputes tech coop coordinating relations with China also year marred by friction Afghanistan AUKUS political developments fed conclusion in Europe the relationship with U.S. will never go back with EU’s dependence on Chinese and Russian markets, Brussels and Washington find it difficult to act together .


Question: Reparations tainted by racist culture

At best reparations try to remedy current inequality though the past which taints current oppression --- at worst reparations are tainted by contemporary racist culture

Wilson - 09[Wilson, Carter A. Carter A. Wilson is professor and department head of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at Northern Michigan University “A Radical Critique of the Reparations Movement.” National Political Science Review, vol. 12, USA: Transaction Publishers, pp. 205–26. | DOA: 7-24-23]-rrm

Reparations most problematic failed to address the dominant racist culture explains current patterns of racial inequality in terms of the past history of slavery shifts public attention away from current problems of racial oppression not only fails to confront present forms of racial oppression, it is tainted by the contemporary racist culture


Question: Wilson 09

At best reparations try to remedy current inequality though the past which taints current oppression --- at worst reparations are tainted by contemporary racist culture

Wilson - 09[Wilson, Carter A. Carter A. Wilson is professor and department head of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at Northern Michigan University “A Radical Critique of the Reparations Movement.” National Political Science Review, vol. 12, USA: Transaction Publishers, pp. 205–26. | DOA: 7-24-23]-rrm

Reparations most problematic failed to address the dominant racist culture explains current patterns of racial inequality in terms of the past history of slavery shifts public attention away from current problems of racial oppression not only fails to confront present forms of racial oppression, it is tainted by the contemporary racist culture


Question: Carter Wilson reparations critique

At best reparations try to remedy current inequality though the past which taints current oppression --- at worst reparations are tainted by contemporary racist culture

Wilson - 09[Wilson, Carter A. Carter A. Wilson is professor and department head of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at Northern Michigan University “A Radical Critique of the Reparations Movement.” National Political Science Review, vol. 12, USA: Transaction Publishers, pp. 205–26. | DOA: 7-24-23]-rrm

Reparations most problematic failed to address the dominant racist culture explains current patterns of racial inequality in terms of the past history of slavery shifts public attention away from current problems of racial oppression not only fails to confront present forms of racial oppression, it is tainted by the contemporary racist culture


Question: reparations reinforce racist culture

At best reparations try to remedy current inequality though the past which taints current oppression --- at worst reparations are tainted by contemporary racist culture

Wilson - 09[Wilson, Carter A. Carter A. Wilson is professor and department head of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at Northern Michigan University “A Radical Critique of the Reparations Movement.” National Political Science Review, vol. 12, USA: Transaction Publishers, pp. 205–26. | DOA: 7-24-23]-rrm

Reparations most problematic failed to address the dominant racist culture explains current patterns of racial inequality in terms of the past history of slavery shifts public attention away from current problems of racial oppression not only fails to confront present forms of racial oppression, it is tainted by the contemporary racist culture


Question: reparations don't address current oppression

At best reparations try to remedy current inequality though the past which taints current oppression --- at worst reparations are tainted by contemporary racist culture

Wilson - 09[Wilson, Carter A. Carter A. Wilson is professor and department head of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at Northern Michigan University “A Radical Critique of the Reparations Movement.” National Political Science Review, vol. 12, USA: Transaction Publishers, pp. 205–26. | DOA: 7-24-23]-rrm

Reparations most problematic failed to address the dominant racist culture explains current patterns of racial inequality in terms of the past history of slavery shifts public attention away from current problems of racial oppression not only fails to confront present forms of racial oppression, it is tainted by the contemporary racist culture


Question: reparations distract from present oppression

At best reparations try to remedy current inequality though the past which taints current oppression --- at worst reparations are tainted by contemporary racist culture

Wilson - 09[Wilson, Carter A. Carter A. Wilson is professor and department head of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at Northern Michigan University “A Radical Critique of the Reparations Movement.” National Political Science Review, vol. 12, USA: Transaction Publishers, pp. 205–26. | DOA: 7-24-23]-rrm

Reparations most problematic failed to address the dominant racist culture explains current patterns of racial inequality in terms of the past history of slavery shifts public attention away from current problems of racial oppression not only fails to confront present forms of racial oppression, it is tainted by the contemporary racist culture


Question: reparations and racism

At best reparations try to remedy current inequality though the past which taints current oppression --- at worst reparations are tainted by contemporary racist culture

Wilson - 09[Wilson, Carter A. Carter A. Wilson is professor and department head of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at Northern Michigan University “A Radical Critique of the Reparations Movement.” National Political Science Review, vol. 12, USA: Transaction Publishers, pp. 205–26. | DOA: 7-24-23]-rrm

Reparations most problematic failed to address the dominant racist culture explains current patterns of racial inequality in terms of the past history of slavery shifts public attention away from current problems of racial oppression not only fails to confront present forms of racial oppression, it is tainted by the contemporary racist culture


Question: reparations fail to address racism

At best reparations try to remedy current inequality though the past which taints current oppression --- at worst reparations are tainted by contemporary racist culture

Wilson - 09[Wilson, Carter A. Carter A. Wilson is professor and department head of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at Northern Michigan University “A Radical Critique of the Reparations Movement.” National Political Science Review, vol. 12, USA: Transaction Publishers, pp. 205–26. | DOA: 7-24-23]-rrm

Reparations most problematic failed to address the dominant racist culture explains current patterns of racial inequality in terms of the past history of slavery shifts public attention away from current problems of racial oppression not only fails to confront present forms of racial oppression, it is tainted by the contemporary racist culture


Question: Critique ballot causes dependency

We will critique their call for the ballot — it’s not key to their project and causes dependency on the judge as a liberator.

Brown, 1995—prof at UC Berkeley (Wendy, States of Injury, 21-3)

"resistance" has taken ground vacated by more expansive freedom insofar as resistance is an effect of the regime it opposes Resistance stands against, not for; it is re-action to domination discourses of empowerment signal an oddly harmonious relationship with domination they locate an individual’s worth in a register implicitly located on an other worldly plane vis-a-vis social and political power. despite its apparent locution of resistance to subjection discourses of empowerment partake strongly of liberal solipsism empowerment converges with a regime’s legitimacy needs in masking the power of the regime. deployments that draw on subjectivity risk establishing a chasm between empowerment and an actual capacity to shape the political one can “feel empowered” without being so


Question: Brown 1995

We will critique their call for the ballot — it’s not key to their project and causes dependency on the judge as a liberator.

Brown, 1995—prof at UC Berkeley (Wendy, States of Injury, 21-3)

"resistance" has taken ground vacated by more expansive freedom insofar as resistance is an effect of the regime it opposes Resistance stands against, not for; it is re-action to domination discourses of empowerment signal an oddly harmonious relationship with domination they locate an individual’s worth in a register implicitly located on an other worldly plane vis-a-vis social and political power. despite its apparent locution of resistance to subjection discourses of empowerment partake strongly of liberal solipsism empowerment converges with a regime’s legitimacy needs in masking the power of the regime. deployments that draw on subjectivity risk establishing a chasm between empowerment and an actual capacity to shape the political one can “feel empowered” without being so


Question: Wendy Brown States of Injury

We will critique their call for the ballot — it’s not key to their project and causes dependency on the judge as a liberator.

Brown, 1995—prof at UC Berkeley (Wendy, States of Injury, 21-3)

"resistance" has taken ground vacated by more expansive freedom insofar as resistance is an effect of the regime it opposes Resistance stands against, not for; it is re-action to domination discourses of empowerment signal an oddly harmonious relationship with domination they locate an individual’s worth in a register implicitly located on an other worldly plane vis-a-vis social and political power. despite its apparent locution of resistance to subjection discourses of empowerment partake strongly of liberal solipsism empowerment converges with a regime’s legitimacy needs in masking the power of the regime. deployments that draw on subjectivity risk establishing a chasm between empowerment and an actual capacity to shape the political one can “feel empowered” without being so


Question: resistance is re-action to domination

We will critique their call for the ballot — it’s not key to their project and causes dependency on the judge as a liberator.

Brown, 1995—prof at UC Berkeley (Wendy, States of Injury, 21-3)

"resistance" has taken ground vacated by more expansive freedom insofar as resistance is an effect of the regime it opposes Resistance stands against, not for; it is re-action to domination discourses of empowerment signal an oddly harmonious relationship with domination they locate an individual’s worth in a register implicitly located on an other worldly plane vis-a-vis social and political power. despite its apparent locution of resistance to subjection discourses of empowerment partake strongly of liberal solipsism empowerment converges with a regime’s legitimacy needs in masking the power of the regime. deployments that draw on subjectivity risk establishing a chasm between empowerment and an actual capacity to shape the political one can “feel empowered” without being so


Question: empowerment converges with regime legitimacy

We will critique their call for the ballot — it’s not key to their project and causes dependency on the judge as a liberator.

Brown, 1995—prof at UC Berkeley (Wendy, States of Injury, 21-3)

"resistance" has taken ground vacated by more expansive freedom insofar as resistance is an effect of the regime it opposes Resistance stands against, not for; it is re-action to domination discourses of empowerment signal an oddly harmonious relationship with domination they locate an individual’s worth in a register implicitly located on an other worldly plane vis-a-vis social and political power. despite its apparent locution of resistance to subjection discourses of empowerment partake strongly of liberal solipsism empowerment converges with a regime’s legitimacy needs in masking the power of the regime. deployments that draw on subjectivity risk establishing a chasm between empowerment and an actual capacity to shape the political one can “feel empowered” without being so


Question: resistance taken ground vacated by freedom

We will critique their call for the ballot — it’s not key to their project and causes dependency on the judge as a liberator.

Brown, 1995—prof at UC Berkeley (Wendy, States of Injury, 21-3)

"resistance" has taken ground vacated by more expansive freedom insofar as resistance is an effect of the regime it opposes Resistance stands against, not for; it is re-action to domination discourses of empowerment signal an oddly harmonious relationship with domination they locate an individual’s worth in a register implicitly located on an other worldly plane vis-a-vis social and political power. despite its apparent locution of resistance to subjection discourses of empowerment partake strongly of liberal solipsism empowerment converges with a regime’s legitimacy needs in masking the power of the regime. deployments that draw on subjectivity risk establishing a chasm between empowerment and an actual capacity to shape the political one can “feel empowered” without being so


Question: governance outdated bogged down

Governance fails---outdated, bogged down, and too complex.

Ferry ’18 [Jean; October 2018; nonresident senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, professor at Sciences Po Paris; Policy Contribution, “Should we give up on global governance?” Iss. 17]

effects compounded by inadequate governance Even if multilat remain valid features are outdated there was no consensus reform is a long demanding process it requires unanimity , when countries have diverging interests and require ratification where there is no majority rules exhibit inertia that prevents adaptations reason for dissatisfaction is its unbalanced nature imbalances can be found in a series of domains final obstacle has to do with complexity interdependence escape agreements to an unprecedented degree putting aside geopolitic and assuming commitment to multilat complexity test the limits of governance