Question: biological radiological and nuclear

MENA-based terror is a unique vector for CBRN incidents.

Hassan Farhat et al. 24, MSc, Quality Improvement Mentor, Quality Patient Safety & Risk Management, Ambulance Service Group, Hamad Medical Corporation; Dr. Guillaume Alinier, PhD, Director, Research, Ambulance Service, Hamad Medical Corporation; Mariana Helou, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor & Clerkship Director, Emergency Room, Division Head of Emergency Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation; Ionnais Galatis, MD, Consultant, Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Medical/Hospital/Ops CBRNE Planner/Instructor, Senior Asymmetric Threats Analyst, & Research Associate, Center for Security Studies. Retired Brigadier General; Dr. Nidaa Bajow, MD, PhD, Disaster Medicine Coordinator & Disaster Medicine Training Supervisor, Disaster Medicine Unit, The Ambulance Service, Hamad Medical Corporation, "Perspectives on Preparedness for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Threats in the Middle East and North Africa Region: Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques," Health Security, Vol. 22, No. 3, 06/17/2024 pg. 5-6.

risk of  chem bio radiological , and  nuc incidents increased studies indicated role  of  terrorist groups  in weaponising agents In MENA groups pose  significant risks and lead to  widespread emergencies it has  devastating vulnerabilities due to  cross-border risks strategically located  between  three  continents which  increases exposure to deliberate  and  accidental  CBRN incidents a  global econ power witnessed  multiple  conflicts involving  chem weapons increasing risk


Question: MENA vulnerabilities

MENA-based terror is a unique vector for CBRN incidents.

Hassan Farhat et al. 24, MSc, Quality Improvement Mentor, Quality Patient Safety & Risk Management, Ambulance Service Group, Hamad Medical Corporation; Dr. Guillaume Alinier, PhD, Director, Research, Ambulance Service, Hamad Medical Corporation; Mariana Helou, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor & Clerkship Director, Emergency Room, Division Head of Emergency Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation; Ionnais Galatis, MD, Consultant, Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Medical/Hospital/Ops CBRNE Planner/Instructor, Senior Asymmetric Threats Analyst, & Research Associate, Center for Security Studies. Retired Brigadier General; Dr. Nidaa Bajow, MD, PhD, Disaster Medicine Coordinator & Disaster Medicine Training Supervisor, Disaster Medicine Unit, The Ambulance Service, Hamad Medical Corporation, "Perspectives on Preparedness for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Threats in the Middle East and North Africa Region: Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques," Health Security, Vol. 22, No. 3, 06/17/2024 pg. 5-6.

risk of  chem bio radiological , and  nuc incidents increased studies indicated role  of  terrorist groups  in weaponising agents In MENA groups pose  significant risks and lead to  widespread emergencies it has  devastating vulnerabilities due to  cross-border risks strategically located  between  three  continents which  increases exposure to deliberate  and  accidental  CBRN incidents a  global econ power witnessed  multiple  conflicts involving  chem weapons increasing risk


Question: MENA terror CBRN

MENA-based terror is a unique vector for CBRN incidents.

Hassan Farhat et al. 24, MSc, Quality Improvement Mentor, Quality Patient Safety & Risk Management, Ambulance Service Group, Hamad Medical Corporation; Dr. Guillaume Alinier, PhD, Director, Research, Ambulance Service, Hamad Medical Corporation; Mariana Helou, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor & Clerkship Director, Emergency Room, Division Head of Emergency Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation; Ionnais Galatis, MD, Consultant, Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Medical/Hospital/Ops CBRNE Planner/Instructor, Senior Asymmetric Threats Analyst, & Research Associate, Center for Security Studies. Retired Brigadier General; Dr. Nidaa Bajow, MD, PhD, Disaster Medicine Coordinator & Disaster Medicine Training Supervisor, Disaster Medicine Unit, The Ambulance Service, Hamad Medical Corporation, "Perspectives on Preparedness for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Threats in the Middle East and North Africa Region: Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques," Health Security, Vol. 22, No. 3, 06/17/2024 pg. 5-6.

risk of  chem bio radiological , and  nuc incidents increased studies indicated role  of  terrorist groups  in weaponising agents In MENA groups pose  significant risks and lead to  widespread emergencies it has  devastating vulnerabilities due to  cross-border risks strategically located  between  three  continents which  increases exposure to deliberate  and  accidental  CBRN incidents a  global econ power witnessed  multiple  conflicts involving  chem weapons increasing risk


Question: Neoliberal episteme reduces life

The neoliberal episteme reduces life to economic calculation. That flattens social difference and makes lives fungible, resulting in an extortion of labor rooted in anti-blackness. As market efficiency replaces the law, the internalization of the market abstraction places Blackness as ontologically external to market rationality.

Shannon Winnubst 19. Chair and Professor of Women’s, Gender & Sexuality Studies at The Ohio State University. “The many lives of fungibility: anti-blackness in neoliberal times.” Journal of Gender Studies. 12/15/2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2019.1692193. //krissy

neoliberal episteme reduc all to economic calculations flattens social difference transforms violence into fungible accoutrements abstraction to calculations enacts an ontological break we name ‘ antiblackness’ transforms lives into fungible economic units , initiating extortion rooted in anti-blackness the market displace the law these epistemologies expand beyond capital individuals internalize the market economic abstraction is racializing only white bodies have been granted the market black bodies are ontologically external black bodies remain objects of the market fungibility as foundational of antiblackness mathematical continuity holds no referent external it is a social metric social comparability provided by stat s for meaning-making subjects internalize calculative rationality suicide rates, racism social values determined through rationality  abstracted from social context calculative rationality intensifies colonialism reduc humans to cargo abstraction is inherent to white positions in the anti-black colonial ontology social difference framed as fungible units fungibility bars entrance into neoliberal freedom ‘blackness’ is barred from access an limit to the market anti-blackness animate the neoliberal episteme fungibility frees white persons from struggling with anti-blackness as a grounding ontology of whiteness flattening social difference feeds the illusion that all markets are equal


Question: Winnubst 19 neoliberalism

The neoliberal episteme reduces life to economic calculation. That flattens social difference and makes lives fungible, resulting in an extortion of labor rooted in anti-blackness. As market efficiency replaces the law, the internalization of the market abstraction places Blackness as ontologically external to market rationality.

Shannon Winnubst 19. Chair and Professor of Women’s, Gender & Sexuality Studies at The Ohio State University. “The many lives of fungibility: anti-blackness in neoliberal times.” Journal of Gender Studies. 12/15/2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2019.1692193. //krissy

neoliberal episteme reduc all to economic calculations flattens social difference transforms violence into fungible accoutrements abstraction to calculations enacts an ontological break we name ‘ antiblackness’ transforms lives into fungible economic units , initiating extortion rooted in anti-blackness the market displace the law these epistemologies expand beyond capital individuals internalize the market economic abstraction is racializing only white bodies have been granted the market black bodies are ontologically external black bodies remain objects of the market fungibility as foundational of antiblackness mathematical continuity holds no referent external it is a social metric social comparability provided by stat s for meaning-making subjects internalize calculative rationality suicide rates, racism social values determined through rationality  abstracted from social context calculative rationality intensifies colonialism reduc humans to cargo abstraction is inherent to white positions in the anti-black colonial ontology social difference framed as fungible units fungibility bars entrance into neoliberal freedom ‘blackness’ is barred from access an limit to the market anti-blackness animate the neoliberal episteme fungibility frees white persons from struggling with anti-blackness as a grounding ontology of whiteness flattening social difference feeds the illusion that all markets are equal


Question: Shannon Winnubst fungibility

The neoliberal episteme reduces life to economic calculation. That flattens social difference and makes lives fungible, resulting in an extortion of labor rooted in anti-blackness. As market efficiency replaces the law, the internalization of the market abstraction places Blackness as ontologically external to market rationality.

Shannon Winnubst 19. Chair and Professor of Women’s, Gender & Sexuality Studies at The Ohio State University. “The many lives of fungibility: anti-blackness in neoliberal times.” Journal of Gender Studies. 12/15/2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2019.1692193. //krissy

neoliberal episteme reduc all to economic calculations flattens social difference transforms violence into fungible accoutrements abstraction to calculations enacts an ontological break we name ‘ antiblackness’ transforms lives into fungible economic units , initiating extortion rooted in anti-blackness the market displace the law these epistemologies expand beyond capital individuals internalize the market economic abstraction is racializing only white bodies have been granted the market black bodies are ontologically external black bodies remain objects of the market fungibility as foundational of antiblackness mathematical continuity holds no referent external it is a social metric social comparability provided by stat s for meaning-making subjects internalize calculative rationality suicide rates, racism social values determined through rationality  abstracted from social context calculative rationality intensifies colonialism reduc humans to cargo abstraction is inherent to white positions in the anti-black colonial ontology social difference framed as fungible units fungibility bars entrance into neoliberal freedom ‘blackness’ is barred from access an limit to the market anti-blackness animate the neoliberal episteme fungibility frees white persons from struggling with anti-blackness as a grounding ontology of whiteness flattening social difference feeds the illusion that all markets are equal


Question: market efficiency replaces the law

The neoliberal episteme reduces life to economic calculation. That flattens social difference and makes lives fungible, resulting in an extortion of labor rooted in anti-blackness. As market efficiency replaces the law, the internalization of the market abstraction places Blackness as ontologically external to market rationality.

Shannon Winnubst 19. Chair and Professor of Women’s, Gender & Sexuality Studies at The Ohio State University. “The many lives of fungibility: anti-blackness in neoliberal times.” Journal of Gender Studies. 12/15/2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2019.1692193. //krissy

neoliberal episteme reduc all to economic calculations flattens social difference transforms violence into fungible accoutrements abstraction to calculations enacts an ontological break we name ‘ antiblackness’ transforms lives into fungible economic units , initiating extortion rooted in anti-blackness the market displace the law these epistemologies expand beyond capital individuals internalize the market economic abstraction is racializing only white bodies have been granted the market black bodies are ontologically external black bodies remain objects of the market fungibility as foundational of antiblackness mathematical continuity holds no referent external it is a social metric social comparability provided by stat s for meaning-making subjects internalize calculative rationality suicide rates, racism social values determined through rationality  abstracted from social context calculative rationality intensifies colonialism reduc humans to cargo abstraction is inherent to white positions in the anti-black colonial ontology social difference framed as fungible units fungibility bars entrance into neoliberal freedom ‘blackness’ is barred from access an limit to the market anti-blackness animate the neoliberal episteme fungibility frees white persons from struggling with anti-blackness as a grounding ontology of whiteness flattening social difference feeds the illusion that all markets are equal


Question: market abstraction places Blackness as external

The neoliberal episteme reduces life to economic calculation. That flattens social difference and makes lives fungible, resulting in an extortion of labor rooted in anti-blackness. As market efficiency replaces the law, the internalization of the market abstraction places Blackness as ontologically external to market rationality.

Shannon Winnubst 19. Chair and Professor of Women’s, Gender & Sexuality Studies at The Ohio State University. “The many lives of fungibility: anti-blackness in neoliberal times.” Journal of Gender Studies. 12/15/2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2019.1692193. //krissy

neoliberal episteme reduc all to economic calculations flattens social difference transforms violence into fungible accoutrements abstraction to calculations enacts an ontological break we name ‘ antiblackness’ transforms lives into fungible economic units , initiating extortion rooted in anti-blackness the market displace the law these epistemologies expand beyond capital individuals internalize the market economic abstraction is racializing only white bodies have been granted the market black bodies are ontologically external black bodies remain objects of the market fungibility as foundational of antiblackness mathematical continuity holds no referent external it is a social metric social comparability provided by stat s for meaning-making subjects internalize calculative rationality suicide rates, racism social values determined through rationality  abstracted from social context calculative rationality intensifies colonialism reduc humans to cargo abstraction is inherent to white positions in the anti-black colonial ontology social difference framed as fungible units fungibility bars entrance into neoliberal freedom ‘blackness’ is barred from access an limit to the market anti-blackness animate the neoliberal episteme fungibility frees white persons from struggling with anti-blackness as a grounding ontology of whiteness flattening social difference feeds the illusion that all markets are equal


Question: fungibility anti-blackness

The neoliberal episteme reduces life to economic calculation. That flattens social difference and makes lives fungible, resulting in an extortion of labor rooted in anti-blackness. As market efficiency replaces the law, the internalization of the market abstraction places Blackness as ontologically external to market rationality.

Shannon Winnubst 19. Chair and Professor of Women’s, Gender & Sexuality Studies at The Ohio State University. “The many lives of fungibility: anti-blackness in neoliberal times.” Journal of Gender Studies. 12/15/2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2019.1692193. //krissy

neoliberal episteme reduc all to economic calculations flattens social difference transforms violence into fungible accoutrements abstraction to calculations enacts an ontological break we name ‘ antiblackness’ transforms lives into fungible economic units , initiating extortion rooted in anti-blackness the market displace the law these epistemologies expand beyond capital individuals internalize the market economic abstraction is racializing only white bodies have been granted the market black bodies are ontologically external black bodies remain objects of the market fungibility as foundational of antiblackness mathematical continuity holds no referent external it is a social metric social comparability provided by stat s for meaning-making subjects internalize calculative rationality suicide rates, racism social values determined through rationality  abstracted from social context calculative rationality intensifies colonialism reduc humans to cargo abstraction is inherent to white positions in the anti-black colonial ontology social difference framed as fungible units fungibility bars entrance into neoliberal freedom ‘blackness’ is barred from access an limit to the market anti-blackness animate the neoliberal episteme fungibility frees white persons from struggling with anti-blackness as a grounding ontology of whiteness flattening social difference feeds the illusion that all markets are equal


Question: economic calculation flattens social difference

The neoliberal episteme reduces life to economic calculation. That flattens social difference and makes lives fungible, resulting in an extortion of labor rooted in anti-blackness. As market efficiency replaces the law, the internalization of the market abstraction places Blackness as ontologically external to market rationality.

Shannon Winnubst 19. Chair and Professor of Women’s, Gender & Sexuality Studies at The Ohio State University. “The many lives of fungibility: anti-blackness in neoliberal times.” Journal of Gender Studies. 12/15/2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2019.1692193. //krissy

neoliberal episteme reduc all to economic calculations flattens social difference transforms violence into fungible accoutrements abstraction to calculations enacts an ontological break we name ‘ antiblackness’ transforms lives into fungible economic units , initiating extortion rooted in anti-blackness the market displace the law these epistemologies expand beyond capital individuals internalize the market economic abstraction is racializing only white bodies have been granted the market black bodies are ontologically external black bodies remain objects of the market fungibility as foundational of antiblackness mathematical continuity holds no referent external it is a social metric social comparability provided by stat s for meaning-making subjects internalize calculative rationality suicide rates, racism social values determined through rationality  abstracted from social context calculative rationality intensifies colonialism reduc humans to cargo abstraction is inherent to white positions in the anti-black colonial ontology social difference framed as fungible units fungibility bars entrance into neoliberal freedom ‘blackness’ is barred from access an limit to the market anti-blackness animate the neoliberal episteme fungibility frees white persons from struggling with anti-blackness as a grounding ontology of whiteness flattening social difference feeds the illusion that all markets are equal


Question: ontological break antiblackness

The neoliberal episteme reduces life to economic calculation. That flattens social difference and makes lives fungible, resulting in an extortion of labor rooted in anti-blackness. As market efficiency replaces the law, the internalization of the market abstraction places Blackness as ontologically external to market rationality.

Shannon Winnubst 19. Chair and Professor of Women’s, Gender & Sexuality Studies at The Ohio State University. “The many lives of fungibility: anti-blackness in neoliberal times.” Journal of Gender Studies. 12/15/2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2019.1692193. //krissy

neoliberal episteme reduc all to economic calculations flattens social difference transforms violence into fungible accoutrements abstraction to calculations enacts an ontological break we name ‘ antiblackness’ transforms lives into fungible economic units , initiating extortion rooted in anti-blackness the market displace the law these epistemologies expand beyond capital individuals internalize the market economic abstraction is racializing only white bodies have been granted the market black bodies are ontologically external black bodies remain objects of the market fungibility as foundational of antiblackness mathematical continuity holds no referent external it is a social metric social comparability provided by stat s for meaning-making subjects internalize calculative rationality suicide rates, racism social values determined through rationality  abstracted from social context calculative rationality intensifies colonialism reduc humans to cargo abstraction is inherent to white positions in the anti-black colonial ontology social difference framed as fungible units fungibility bars entrance into neoliberal freedom ‘blackness’ is barred from access an limit to the market anti-blackness animate the neoliberal episteme fungibility frees white persons from struggling with anti-blackness as a grounding ontology of whiteness flattening social difference feeds the illusion that all markets are equal


Question: Prices aren't key to diversification

Prices aren’t key to diversification.

John Everington 24, Middle East and Africa editor for The Banker, “Saudi Arabia’s non-oil economy shrugs off regional tensions”, 4-23-2024, The Banker, https://www.thebanker.com/Saudi-Arabia-s-non-oil-economy-shrugs-off-regional-tensions-1713861976 - SDP

In the midst of such optimism , it remains to be seen how sustainable the economic reform process is for the remainder of Vision 2030’s mandate given the dramatic progress achieved thus far This has led the state to become more directly involved , increasing the sovereign’s direct and contingent risks should costs continue to rise or a drop in oil prices raises central government borrowing needs


Question: Everington 24

Prices aren’t key to diversification.

John Everington 24, Middle East and Africa editor for The Banker, “Saudi Arabia’s non-oil economy shrugs off regional tensions”, 4-23-2024, The Banker, https://www.thebanker.com/Saudi-Arabia-s-non-oil-economy-shrugs-off-regional-tensions-1713861976 - SDP

In the midst of such optimism , it remains to be seen how sustainable the economic reform process is for the remainder of Vision 2030’s mandate given the dramatic progress achieved thus far This has led the state to become more directly involved , increasing the sovereign’s direct and contingent risks should costs continue to rise or a drop in oil prices raises central government borrowing needs


Question: Saudi Arabia non-oil economy

Prices aren’t key to diversification.

John Everington 24, Middle East and Africa editor for The Banker, “Saudi Arabia’s non-oil economy shrugs off regional tensions”, 4-23-2024, The Banker, https://www.thebanker.com/Saudi-Arabia-s-non-oil-economy-shrugs-off-regional-tensions-1713861976 - SDP

In the midst of such optimism , it remains to be seen how sustainable the economic reform process is for the remainder of Vision 2030’s mandate given the dramatic progress achieved thus far This has led the state to become more directly involved , increasing the sovereign’s direct and contingent risks should costs continue to rise or a drop in oil prices raises central government borrowing needs


Question: non-oil economy shrugs off regional tensions

Prices aren’t key to diversification.

John Everington 24, Middle East and Africa editor for The Banker, “Saudi Arabia’s non-oil economy shrugs off regional tensions”, 4-23-2024, The Banker, https://www.thebanker.com/Saudi-Arabia-s-non-oil-economy-shrugs-off-regional-tensions-1713861976 - SDP

In the midst of such optimism , it remains to be seen how sustainable the economic reform process is for the remainder of Vision 2030’s mandate given the dramatic progress achieved thus far This has led the state to become more directly involved , increasing the sovereign’s direct and contingent risks should costs continue to rise or a drop in oil prices raises central government borrowing needs


Question: Saudi arabia diversification

Prices aren’t key to diversification.

John Everington 24, Middle East and Africa editor for The Banker, “Saudi Arabia’s non-oil economy shrugs off regional tensions”, 4-23-2024, The Banker, https://www.thebanker.com/Saudi-Arabia-s-non-oil-economy-shrugs-off-regional-tensions-1713861976 - SDP

In the midst of such optimism , it remains to be seen how sustainable the economic reform process is for the remainder of Vision 2030’s mandate given the dramatic progress achieved thus far This has led the state to become more directly involved , increasing the sovereign’s direct and contingent risks should costs continue to rise or a drop in oil prices raises central government borrowing needs


Question: middle east Africa editor banker

Prices aren’t key to diversification.

John Everington 24, Middle East and Africa editor for The Banker, “Saudi Arabia’s non-oil economy shrugs off regional tensions”, 4-23-2024, The Banker, https://www.thebanker.com/Saudi-Arabia-s-non-oil-economy-shrugs-off-regional-tensions-1713861976 - SDP

In the midst of such optimism , it remains to be seen how sustainable the economic reform process is for the remainder of Vision 2030’s mandate given the dramatic progress achieved thus far This has led the state to become more directly involved , increasing the sovereign’s direct and contingent risks should costs continue to rise or a drop in oil prices raises central government borrowing needs


Question: Chinese economic decline causes war

Chinese economic decline causes Taiwan invasion, global economic collapse, nuclear weapons use, and rampant instability.

Weichert 23 (Brandon Weichert, M.A. Statecraft and National Security Specializing in Defense Policy, Defense Contributor at The National Interest, September 29, 2023, “What Happens If China Collapses?” https://www.19fortyfive.com/2023/09/what-happens-if-china-collapses/ [Accessed 6-25-24])//g6

the total collapse of China truly nightmare scenario economic headwinds political stability is threatened. In China with a large nuclear capability – as well as w m d s instability is very bad . Xi gets the blame To distract people from failure Xi is belligerent with Taiwan the more the economy collapses, the more likely China will risk war  Xi could be ousted various factions arise creating a multi-sided civil war with nukes and WMDs on the loose total collapse would collapse the global economy largest recession in decades Everything would be affected


Question: Weichert 23

Chinese economic decline causes Taiwan invasion, global economic collapse, nuclear weapons use, and rampant instability.

Weichert 23 (Brandon Weichert, M.A. Statecraft and National Security Specializing in Defense Policy, Defense Contributor at The National Interest, September 29, 2023, “What Happens If China Collapses?” https://www.19fortyfive.com/2023/09/what-happens-if-china-collapses/ [Accessed 6-25-24])//g6

the total collapse of China truly nightmare scenario economic headwinds political stability is threatened. In China with a large nuclear capability – as well as w m d s instability is very bad . Xi gets the blame To distract people from failure Xi is belligerent with Taiwan the more the economy collapses, the more likely China will risk war  Xi could be ousted various factions arise creating a multi-sided civil war with nukes and WMDs on the loose total collapse would collapse the global economy largest recession in decades Everything would be affected


Question: Brandon Weichert

Chinese economic decline causes Taiwan invasion, global economic collapse, nuclear weapons use, and rampant instability.

Weichert 23 (Brandon Weichert, M.A. Statecraft and National Security Specializing in Defense Policy, Defense Contributor at The National Interest, September 29, 2023, “What Happens If China Collapses?” https://www.19fortyfive.com/2023/09/what-happens-if-china-collapses/ [Accessed 6-25-24])//g6

the total collapse of China truly nightmare scenario economic headwinds political stability is threatened. In China with a large nuclear capability – as well as w m d s instability is very bad . Xi gets the blame To distract people from failure Xi is belligerent with Taiwan the more the economy collapses, the more likely China will risk war  Xi could be ousted various factions arise creating a multi-sided civil war with nukes and WMDs on the loose total collapse would collapse the global economy largest recession in decades Everything would be affected


Question: China collapse causes Taiwan invasion

Chinese economic decline causes Taiwan invasion, global economic collapse, nuclear weapons use, and rampant instability.

Weichert 23 (Brandon Weichert, M.A. Statecraft and National Security Specializing in Defense Policy, Defense Contributor at The National Interest, September 29, 2023, “What Happens If China Collapses?” https://www.19fortyfive.com/2023/09/what-happens-if-china-collapses/ [Accessed 6-25-24])//g6

the total collapse of China truly nightmare scenario economic headwinds political stability is threatened. In China with a large nuclear capability – as well as w m d s instability is very bad . Xi gets the blame To distract people from failure Xi is belligerent with Taiwan the more the economy collapses, the more likely China will risk war  Xi could be ousted various factions arise creating a multi-sided civil war with nukes and WMDs on the loose total collapse would collapse the global economy largest recession in decades Everything would be affected


Question: China collapse recession

Chinese economic decline causes Taiwan invasion, global economic collapse, nuclear weapons use, and rampant instability.

Weichert 23 (Brandon Weichert, M.A. Statecraft and National Security Specializing in Defense Policy, Defense Contributor at The National Interest, September 29, 2023, “What Happens If China Collapses?” https://www.19fortyfive.com/2023/09/what-happens-if-china-collapses/ [Accessed 6-25-24])//g6

the total collapse of China truly nightmare scenario economic headwinds political stability is threatened. In China with a large nuclear capability – as well as w m d s instability is very bad . Xi gets the blame To distract people from failure Xi is belligerent with Taiwan the more the economy collapses, the more likely China will risk war  Xi could be ousted various factions arise creating a multi-sided civil war with nukes and WMDs on the loose total collapse would collapse the global economy largest recession in decades Everything would be affected


Question: China collapse nuclear war

Chinese economic decline causes Taiwan invasion, global economic collapse, nuclear weapons use, and rampant instability.

Weichert 23 (Brandon Weichert, M.A. Statecraft and National Security Specializing in Defense Policy, Defense Contributor at The National Interest, September 29, 2023, “What Happens If China Collapses?” https://www.19fortyfive.com/2023/09/what-happens-if-china-collapses/ [Accessed 6-25-24])//g6

the total collapse of China truly nightmare scenario economic headwinds political stability is threatened. In China with a large nuclear capability – as well as w m d s instability is very bad . Xi gets the blame To distract people from failure Xi is belligerent with Taiwan the more the economy collapses, the more likely China will risk war  Xi could be ousted various factions arise creating a multi-sided civil war with nukes and WMDs on the loose total collapse would collapse the global economy largest recession in decades Everything would be affected


Question: Xi blame for chinese economy

Chinese economic decline causes Taiwan invasion, global economic collapse, nuclear weapons use, and rampant instability.

Weichert 23 (Brandon Weichert, M.A. Statecraft and National Security Specializing in Defense Policy, Defense Contributor at The National Interest, September 29, 2023, “What Happens If China Collapses?” https://www.19fortyfive.com/2023/09/what-happens-if-china-collapses/ [Accessed 6-25-24])//g6

the total collapse of China truly nightmare scenario economic headwinds political stability is threatened. In China with a large nuclear capability – as well as w m d s instability is very bad . Xi gets the blame To distract people from failure Xi is belligerent with Taiwan the more the economy collapses, the more likely China will risk war  Xi could be ousted various factions arise creating a multi-sided civil war with nukes and WMDs on the loose total collapse would collapse the global economy largest recession in decades Everything would be affected


Question: ICAO hates unilateral measures

ICAO objectively HATES unilateral measures—says mulilat is better—and unilateral causes confusion and undermines the organization itself UMN read yellow—also like why do we not have a single paragraph break in here?? Lets do better gang

Mayer and Ding 23 — Benoit Mayer is Professor of Climate Law at the School of Law at the University of Reading. Zhuoqi Ding is a PhD candidate @CUHKLaw Mayer, Benoit, and Zhuoqi Ding. "Climate change mitigation in the aviation sector: a critical overview of national and international initiatives." Transnational Environmental Law 12, no. 1 (2023): 14-41. //WMK

international stream has shortcomings which national action can help to address ICAO wish states reach agreement on mitigation via multilateral  negotiations convened by the ICAO, rather than taking separate initiatives. ICAO reflects that unilateral measures offer a competitive advantage for national airlines or otherwise create a more complex regulatory environment national initiatives run the risk of merely displacing  emissions they could even be counter-productive if passengers fly longer routes to evade carbon-pricing instruments. ICAO has a limited political capacity to initiate effective action placed growth before environment not advanced a long-term vision of the sector's decarbonization strategy appears mainly dilatory it was not  until ETS ICAO agree to set up a global m b m policies that mitigat climate in aviation from international flights could improve aviation's climate efficiency that  cannot be pursued  unde ICAO ICAO distrust unilateral’ measures state's unilateral’ not promoting national interests at the expense of global interests carbon-pricing measures advance a global objective states retain significant regulatory space  to implement measures jurisdictions have market power to set de facto global standards , on aircraft and implement carbon-pricing mechanisms in exercising global leadership They have diplomatic leverage  to facilitate adoption of agreements national initiatives resulted in implementation of effective measure CORSIA limited aim to offset without addressing pre-existing emission levels constitute a red herrin need for far more effective action for decarbonization


Question: Mayer and Ding 23

ICAO objectively HATES unilateral measures—says mulilat is better—and unilateral causes confusion and undermines the organization itself UMN read yellow—also like why do we not have a single paragraph break in here?? Lets do better gang

Mayer and Ding 23 — Benoit Mayer is Professor of Climate Law at the School of Law at the University of Reading. Zhuoqi Ding is a PhD candidate @CUHKLaw Mayer, Benoit, and Zhuoqi Ding. "Climate change mitigation in the aviation sector: a critical overview of national and international initiatives." Transnational Environmental Law 12, no. 1 (2023): 14-41. //WMK

international stream has shortcomings which national action can help to address ICAO wish states reach agreement on mitigation via multilateral  negotiations convened by the ICAO, rather than taking separate initiatives. ICAO reflects that unilateral measures offer a competitive advantage for national airlines or otherwise create a more complex regulatory environment national initiatives run the risk of merely displacing  emissions they could even be counter-productive if passengers fly longer routes to evade carbon-pricing instruments. ICAO has a limited political capacity to initiate effective action placed growth before environment not advanced a long-term vision of the sector's decarbonization strategy appears mainly dilatory it was not  until ETS ICAO agree to set up a global m b m policies that mitigat climate in aviation from international flights could improve aviation's climate efficiency that  cannot be pursued  unde ICAO ICAO distrust unilateral’ measures state's unilateral’ not promoting national interests at the expense of global interests carbon-pricing measures advance a global objective states retain significant regulatory space  to implement measures jurisdictions have market power to set de facto global standards , on aircraft and implement carbon-pricing mechanisms in exercising global leadership They have diplomatic leverage  to facilitate adoption of agreements national initiatives resulted in implementation of effective measure CORSIA limited aim to offset without addressing pre-existing emission levels constitute a red herrin need for far more effective action for decarbonization


Question: ICAO undermines the organization

ICAO objectively HATES unilateral measures—says mulilat is better—and unilateral causes confusion and undermines the organization itself UMN read yellow—also like why do we not have a single paragraph break in here?? Lets do better gang

Mayer and Ding 23 — Benoit Mayer is Professor of Climate Law at the School of Law at the University of Reading. Zhuoqi Ding is a PhD candidate @CUHKLaw Mayer, Benoit, and Zhuoqi Ding. "Climate change mitigation in the aviation sector: a critical overview of national and international initiatives." Transnational Environmental Law 12, no. 1 (2023): 14-41. //WMK

international stream has shortcomings which national action can help to address ICAO wish states reach agreement on mitigation via multilateral  negotiations convened by the ICAO, rather than taking separate initiatives. ICAO reflects that unilateral measures offer a competitive advantage for national airlines or otherwise create a more complex regulatory environment national initiatives run the risk of merely displacing  emissions they could even be counter-productive if passengers fly longer routes to evade carbon-pricing instruments. ICAO has a limited political capacity to initiate effective action placed growth before environment not advanced a long-term vision of the sector's decarbonization strategy appears mainly dilatory it was not  until ETS ICAO agree to set up a global m b m policies that mitigat climate in aviation from international flights could improve aviation's climate efficiency that  cannot be pursued  unde ICAO ICAO distrust unilateral’ measures state's unilateral’ not promoting national interests at the expense of global interests carbon-pricing measures advance a global objective states retain significant regulatory space  to implement measures jurisdictions have market power to set de facto global standards , on aircraft and implement carbon-pricing mechanisms in exercising global leadership They have diplomatic leverage  to facilitate adoption of agreements national initiatives resulted in implementation of effective measure CORSIA limited aim to offset without addressing pre-existing emission levels constitute a red herrin need for far more effective action for decarbonization


Question: unilateral causes confusion

ICAO objectively HATES unilateral measures—says mulilat is better—and unilateral causes confusion and undermines the organization itself UMN read yellow—also like why do we not have a single paragraph break in here?? Lets do better gang

Mayer and Ding 23 — Benoit Mayer is Professor of Climate Law at the School of Law at the University of Reading. Zhuoqi Ding is a PhD candidate @CUHKLaw Mayer, Benoit, and Zhuoqi Ding. "Climate change mitigation in the aviation sector: a critical overview of national and international initiatives." Transnational Environmental Law 12, no. 1 (2023): 14-41. //WMK

international stream has shortcomings which national action can help to address ICAO wish states reach agreement on mitigation via multilateral  negotiations convened by the ICAO, rather than taking separate initiatives. ICAO reflects that unilateral measures offer a competitive advantage for national airlines or otherwise create a more complex regulatory environment national initiatives run the risk of merely displacing  emissions they could even be counter-productive if passengers fly longer routes to evade carbon-pricing instruments. ICAO has a limited political capacity to initiate effective action placed growth before environment not advanced a long-term vision of the sector's decarbonization strategy appears mainly dilatory it was not  until ETS ICAO agree to set up a global m b m policies that mitigat climate in aviation from international flights could improve aviation's climate efficiency that  cannot be pursued  unde ICAO ICAO distrust unilateral’ measures state's unilateral’ not promoting national interests at the expense of global interests carbon-pricing measures advance a global objective states retain significant regulatory space  to implement measures jurisdictions have market power to set de facto global standards , on aircraft and implement carbon-pricing mechanisms in exercising global leadership They have diplomatic leverage  to facilitate adoption of agreements national initiatives resulted in implementation of effective measure CORSIA limited aim to offset without addressing pre-existing emission levels constitute a red herrin need for far more effective action for decarbonization


Question: ICAO multilateral negotiations

ICAO objectively HATES unilateral measures—says mulilat is better—and unilateral causes confusion and undermines the organization itself UMN read yellow—also like why do we not have a single paragraph break in here?? Lets do better gang

Mayer and Ding 23 — Benoit Mayer is Professor of Climate Law at the School of Law at the University of Reading. Zhuoqi Ding is a PhD candidate @CUHKLaw Mayer, Benoit, and Zhuoqi Ding. "Climate change mitigation in the aviation sector: a critical overview of national and international initiatives." Transnational Environmental Law 12, no. 1 (2023): 14-41. //WMK

international stream has shortcomings which national action can help to address ICAO wish states reach agreement on mitigation via multilateral  negotiations convened by the ICAO, rather than taking separate initiatives. ICAO reflects that unilateral measures offer a competitive advantage for national airlines or otherwise create a more complex regulatory environment national initiatives run the risk of merely displacing  emissions they could even be counter-productive if passengers fly longer routes to evade carbon-pricing instruments. ICAO has a limited political capacity to initiate effective action placed growth before environment not advanced a long-term vision of the sector's decarbonization strategy appears mainly dilatory it was not  until ETS ICAO agree to set up a global m b m policies that mitigat climate in aviation from international flights could improve aviation's climate efficiency that  cannot be pursued  unde ICAO ICAO distrust unilateral’ measures state's unilateral’ not promoting national interests at the expense of global interests carbon-pricing measures advance a global objective states retain significant regulatory space  to implement measures jurisdictions have market power to set de facto global standards , on aircraft and implement carbon-pricing mechanisms in exercising global leadership They have diplomatic leverage  to facilitate adoption of agreements national initiatives resulted in implementation of effective measure CORSIA limited aim to offset without addressing pre-existing emission levels constitute a red herrin need for far more effective action for decarbonization


Question: ICAO limited political capacity

ICAO objectively HATES unilateral measures—says mulilat is better—and unilateral causes confusion and undermines the organization itself UMN read yellow—also like why do we not have a single paragraph break in here?? Lets do better gang

Mayer and Ding 23 — Benoit Mayer is Professor of Climate Law at the School of Law at the University of Reading. Zhuoqi Ding is a PhD candidate @CUHKLaw Mayer, Benoit, and Zhuoqi Ding. "Climate change mitigation in the aviation sector: a critical overview of national and international initiatives." Transnational Environmental Law 12, no. 1 (2023): 14-41. //WMK

international stream has shortcomings which national action can help to address ICAO wish states reach agreement on mitigation via multilateral  negotiations convened by the ICAO, rather than taking separate initiatives. ICAO reflects that unilateral measures offer a competitive advantage for national airlines or otherwise create a more complex regulatory environment national initiatives run the risk of merely displacing  emissions they could even be counter-productive if passengers fly longer routes to evade carbon-pricing instruments. ICAO has a limited political capacity to initiate effective action placed growth before environment not advanced a long-term vision of the sector's decarbonization strategy appears mainly dilatory it was not  until ETS ICAO agree to set up a global m b m policies that mitigat climate in aviation from international flights could improve aviation's climate efficiency that  cannot be pursued  unde ICAO ICAO distrust unilateral’ measures state's unilateral’ not promoting national interests at the expense of global interests carbon-pricing measures advance a global objective states retain significant regulatory space  to implement measures jurisdictions have market power to set de facto global standards , on aircraft and implement carbon-pricing mechanisms in exercising global leadership They have diplomatic leverage  to facilitate adoption of agreements national initiatives resulted in implementation of effective measure CORSIA limited aim to offset without addressing pre-existing emission levels constitute a red herrin need for far more effective action for decarbonization


Question: aviation sector climate change

ICAO objectively HATES unilateral measures—says mulilat is better—and unilateral causes confusion and undermines the organization itself UMN read yellow—also like why do we not have a single paragraph break in here?? Lets do better gang

Mayer and Ding 23 — Benoit Mayer is Professor of Climate Law at the School of Law at the University of Reading. Zhuoqi Ding is a PhD candidate @CUHKLaw Mayer, Benoit, and Zhuoqi Ding. "Climate change mitigation in the aviation sector: a critical overview of national and international initiatives." Transnational Environmental Law 12, no. 1 (2023): 14-41. //WMK

international stream has shortcomings which national action can help to address ICAO wish states reach agreement on mitigation via multilateral  negotiations convened by the ICAO, rather than taking separate initiatives. ICAO reflects that unilateral measures offer a competitive advantage for national airlines or otherwise create a more complex regulatory environment national initiatives run the risk of merely displacing  emissions they could even be counter-productive if passengers fly longer routes to evade carbon-pricing instruments. ICAO has a limited political capacity to initiate effective action placed growth before environment not advanced a long-term vision of the sector's decarbonization strategy appears mainly dilatory it was not  until ETS ICAO agree to set up a global m b m policies that mitigat climate in aviation from international flights could improve aviation's climate efficiency that  cannot be pursued  unde ICAO ICAO distrust unilateral’ measures state's unilateral’ not promoting national interests at the expense of global interests carbon-pricing measures advance a global objective states retain significant regulatory space  to implement measures jurisdictions have market power to set de facto global standards , on aircraft and implement carbon-pricing mechanisms in exercising global leadership They have diplomatic leverage  to facilitate adoption of agreements national initiatives resulted in implementation of effective measure CORSIA limited aim to offset without addressing pre-existing emission levels constitute a red herrin need for far more effective action for decarbonization


Question: Reject sweeping critiques of MBI

Reject sweeping critiques of MBI – can’t disprove the aff without engaging policy specifics – MBIs increase public pressure to reduce corporate pollution

Kim 2024 – Hajin Kim, Assistant Professor, University of Chicago Law School (“Does Paying to Pollute Make Pollution Seem Less Bad?,” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4990747) Texas AF

Contrary to  anti-commodification critique perceived inadequacy of market reg s encourage greater moral outrage m b i s made companies polluting in compliance look morally worse than compliance of a mandate extra moral credit companies obtain for complying with a mandate lead to moral licensing and create room for greater transgressions . instituting an effective tool is unlikely to signal pollution is less morally bad sequencing of policies  brought regulatory standards after the fact broader stance  against m b i s hopelessly naïve  given tool’s success de pend on context Paying to pollute does not reduce moral stigma Formal interstate compacts are federal law The federal government would involve itself in an agreement  that me criteria in Virginia v. Tennessee or significantly impacted federal interests if tribal land is involved, federal involvement is certain Constitutionally all interstate agreements require congressional consent Virginia v. Tennessee  balanced agreement-making capacity of states with federal powers any agreement that intruded on powers reserved to the federal government would trigger congressional consent requirement congressional approval required for formal and informal interstate agreements . an agreement lacking these qualities did not qualify  because It did not create a joint governing body condition itself to other state's action and allowed each state to change their own laws without permission


Question: Kim 2024

Reject sweeping critiques of MBI – can’t disprove the aff without engaging policy specifics – MBIs increase public pressure to reduce corporate pollution

Kim 2024 – Hajin Kim, Assistant Professor, University of Chicago Law School (“Does Paying to Pollute Make Pollution Seem Less Bad?,” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4990747) Texas AF

Contrary to  anti-commodification critique perceived inadequacy of market reg s encourage greater moral outrage m b i s made companies polluting in compliance look morally worse than compliance of a mandate extra moral credit companies obtain for complying with a mandate lead to moral licensing and create room for greater transgressions . instituting an effective tool is unlikely to signal pollution is less morally bad sequencing of policies  brought regulatory standards after the fact broader stance  against m b i s hopelessly naïve  given tool’s success de pend on context Paying to pollute does not reduce moral stigma Formal interstate compacts are federal law The federal government would involve itself in an agreement  that me criteria in Virginia v. Tennessee or significantly impacted federal interests if tribal land is involved, federal involvement is certain Constitutionally all interstate agreements require congressional consent Virginia v. Tennessee  balanced agreement-making capacity of states with federal powers any agreement that intruded on powers reserved to the federal government would trigger congressional consent requirement congressional approval required for formal and informal interstate agreements . an agreement lacking these qualities did not qualify  because It did not create a joint governing body condition itself to other state's action and allowed each state to change their own laws without permission


Question: MBI increase public pressure

Reject sweeping critiques of MBI – can’t disprove the aff without engaging policy specifics – MBIs increase public pressure to reduce corporate pollution

Kim 2024 – Hajin Kim, Assistant Professor, University of Chicago Law School (“Does Paying to Pollute Make Pollution Seem Less Bad?,” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4990747) Texas AF

Contrary to  anti-commodification critique perceived inadequacy of market reg s encourage greater moral outrage m b i s made companies polluting in compliance look morally worse than compliance of a mandate extra moral credit companies obtain for complying with a mandate lead to moral licensing and create room for greater transgressions . instituting an effective tool is unlikely to signal pollution is less morally bad sequencing of policies  brought regulatory standards after the fact broader stance  against m b i s hopelessly naïve  given tool’s success de pend on context Paying to pollute does not reduce moral stigma Formal interstate compacts are federal law The federal government would involve itself in an agreement  that me criteria in Virginia v. Tennessee or significantly impacted federal interests if tribal land is involved, federal involvement is certain Constitutionally all interstate agreements require congressional consent Virginia v. Tennessee  balanced agreement-making capacity of states with federal powers any agreement that intruded on powers reserved to the federal government would trigger congressional consent requirement congressional approval required for formal and informal interstate agreements . an agreement lacking these qualities did not qualify  because It did not create a joint governing body condition itself to other state's action and allowed each state to change their own laws without permission


Question: mbi moral outrage

Reject sweeping critiques of MBI – can’t disprove the aff without engaging policy specifics – MBIs increase public pressure to reduce corporate pollution

Kim 2024 – Hajin Kim, Assistant Professor, University of Chicago Law School (“Does Paying to Pollute Make Pollution Seem Less Bad?,” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4990747) Texas AF

Contrary to  anti-commodification critique perceived inadequacy of market reg s encourage greater moral outrage m b i s made companies polluting in compliance look morally worse than compliance of a mandate extra moral credit companies obtain for complying with a mandate lead to moral licensing and create room for greater transgressions . instituting an effective tool is unlikely to signal pollution is less morally bad sequencing of policies  brought regulatory standards after the fact broader stance  against m b i s hopelessly naïve  given tool’s success de pend on context Paying to pollute does not reduce moral stigma Formal interstate compacts are federal law The federal government would involve itself in an agreement  that me criteria in Virginia v. Tennessee or significantly impacted federal interests if tribal land is involved, federal involvement is certain Constitutionally all interstate agreements require congressional consent Virginia v. Tennessee  balanced agreement-making capacity of states with federal powers any agreement that intruded on powers reserved to the federal government would trigger congressional consent requirement congressional approval required for formal and informal interstate agreements . an agreement lacking these qualities did not qualify  because It did not create a joint governing body condition itself to other state's action and allowed each state to change their own laws without permission


Question: market based incentives

Reject sweeping critiques of MBI – can’t disprove the aff without engaging policy specifics – MBIs increase public pressure to reduce corporate pollution

Kim 2024 – Hajin Kim, Assistant Professor, University of Chicago Law School (“Does Paying to Pollute Make Pollution Seem Less Bad?,” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4990747) Texas AF

Contrary to  anti-commodification critique perceived inadequacy of market reg s encourage greater moral outrage m b i s made companies polluting in compliance look morally worse than compliance of a mandate extra moral credit companies obtain for complying with a mandate lead to moral licensing and create room for greater transgressions . instituting an effective tool is unlikely to signal pollution is less morally bad sequencing of policies  brought regulatory standards after the fact broader stance  against m b i s hopelessly naïve  given tool’s success de pend on context Paying to pollute does not reduce moral stigma Formal interstate compacts are federal law The federal government would involve itself in an agreement  that me criteria in Virginia v. Tennessee or significantly impacted federal interests if tribal land is involved, federal involvement is certain Constitutionally all interstate agreements require congressional consent Virginia v. Tennessee  balanced agreement-making capacity of states with federal powers any agreement that intruded on powers reserved to the federal government would trigger congressional consent requirement congressional approval required for formal and informal interstate agreements . an agreement lacking these qualities did not qualify  because It did not create a joint governing body condition itself to other state's action and allowed each state to change their own laws without permission


Question: pollution stigma

Reject sweeping critiques of MBI – can’t disprove the aff without engaging policy specifics – MBIs increase public pressure to reduce corporate pollution

Kim 2024 – Hajin Kim, Assistant Professor, University of Chicago Law School (“Does Paying to Pollute Make Pollution Seem Less Bad?,” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4990747) Texas AF

Contrary to  anti-commodification critique perceived inadequacy of market reg s encourage greater moral outrage m b i s made companies polluting in compliance look morally worse than compliance of a mandate extra moral credit companies obtain for complying with a mandate lead to moral licensing and create room for greater transgressions . instituting an effective tool is unlikely to signal pollution is less morally bad sequencing of policies  brought regulatory standards after the fact broader stance  against m b i s hopelessly naïve  given tool’s success de pend on context Paying to pollute does not reduce moral stigma Formal interstate compacts are federal law The federal government would involve itself in an agreement  that me criteria in Virginia v. Tennessee or significantly impacted federal interests if tribal land is involved, federal involvement is certain Constitutionally all interstate agreements require congressional consent Virginia v. Tennessee  balanced agreement-making capacity of states with federal powers any agreement that intruded on powers reserved to the federal government would trigger congressional consent requirement congressional approval required for formal and informal interstate agreements . an agreement lacking these qualities did not qualify  because It did not create a joint governing body condition itself to other state's action and allowed each state to change their own laws without permission


Question: anti-commodification critique

Reject sweeping critiques of MBI – can’t disprove the aff without engaging policy specifics – MBIs increase public pressure to reduce corporate pollution

Kim 2024 – Hajin Kim, Assistant Professor, University of Chicago Law School (“Does Paying to Pollute Make Pollution Seem Less Bad?,” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4990747) Texas AF

Contrary to  anti-commodification critique perceived inadequacy of market reg s encourage greater moral outrage m b i s made companies polluting in compliance look morally worse than compliance of a mandate extra moral credit companies obtain for complying with a mandate lead to moral licensing and create room for greater transgressions . instituting an effective tool is unlikely to signal pollution is less morally bad sequencing of policies  brought regulatory standards after the fact broader stance  against m b i s hopelessly naïve  given tool’s success de pend on context Paying to pollute does not reduce moral stigma Formal interstate compacts are federal law The federal government would involve itself in an agreement  that me criteria in Virginia v. Tennessee or significantly impacted federal interests if tribal land is involved, federal involvement is certain Constitutionally all interstate agreements require congressional consent Virginia v. Tennessee  balanced agreement-making capacity of states with federal powers any agreement that intruded on powers reserved to the federal government would trigger congressional consent requirement congressional approval required for formal and informal interstate agreements . an agreement lacking these qualities did not qualify  because It did not create a joint governing body condition itself to other state's action and allowed each state to change their own laws without permission


Question: Asian demand is skyrocketing

15. Asian demand is skyrocketing---shortfalls are inevitable because demand can’t keep up.

Manuell ’17 [Roy; 2017; MA in International Journalism from the City University of London and Digital Editor at New Food Magazine; New Food Magazine, “Feeding Asia: The Problem with Asia’s Population Growth for Food Security,” https://www.newfoodmagazine.com/article/29028/feeding-asia-problem-asias-population-food-security-urbanisation/]

Asian food security will be important with a change in consumer habits as a result of socio-economic shifts as quality improves population will shoot one way growth is unsustainable with feeding a continent bursting at its seams 60% of demand come from East Asia Food production can’t keep up with demand


Question: Manuell 17

15. Asian demand is skyrocketing---shortfalls are inevitable because demand can’t keep up.

Manuell ’17 [Roy; 2017; MA in International Journalism from the City University of London and Digital Editor at New Food Magazine; New Food Magazine, “Feeding Asia: The Problem with Asia’s Population Growth for Food Security,” https://www.newfoodmagazine.com/article/29028/feeding-asia-problem-asias-population-food-security-urbanisation/]

Asian food security will be important with a change in consumer habits as a result of socio-economic shifts as quality improves population will shoot one way growth is unsustainable with feeding a continent bursting at its seams 60% of demand come from East Asia Food production can’t keep up with demand


Question: Asian food security

15. Asian demand is skyrocketing---shortfalls are inevitable because demand can’t keep up.

Manuell ’17 [Roy; 2017; MA in International Journalism from the City University of London and Digital Editor at New Food Magazine; New Food Magazine, “Feeding Asia: The Problem with Asia’s Population Growth for Food Security,” https://www.newfoodmagazine.com/article/29028/feeding-asia-problem-asias-population-food-security-urbanisation/]

Asian food security will be important with a change in consumer habits as a result of socio-economic shifts as quality improves population will shoot one way growth is unsustainable with feeding a continent bursting at its seams 60% of demand come from East Asia Food production can’t keep up with demand


Question: Asia food demand unsustainable

15. Asian demand is skyrocketing---shortfalls are inevitable because demand can’t keep up.

Manuell ’17 [Roy; 2017; MA in International Journalism from the City University of London and Digital Editor at New Food Magazine; New Food Magazine, “Feeding Asia: The Problem with Asia’s Population Growth for Food Security,” https://www.newfoodmagazine.com/article/29028/feeding-asia-problem-asias-population-food-security-urbanisation/]

Asian food security will be important with a change in consumer habits as a result of socio-economic shifts as quality improves population will shoot one way growth is unsustainable with feeding a continent bursting at its seams 60% of demand come from East Asia Food production can’t keep up with demand


Question: food production cannot keep up with demand

15. Asian demand is skyrocketing---shortfalls are inevitable because demand can’t keep up.

Manuell ’17 [Roy; 2017; MA in International Journalism from the City University of London and Digital Editor at New Food Magazine; New Food Magazine, “Feeding Asia: The Problem with Asia’s Population Growth for Food Security,” https://www.newfoodmagazine.com/article/29028/feeding-asia-problem-asias-population-food-security-urbanisation/]

Asian food security will be important with a change in consumer habits as a result of socio-economic shifts as quality improves population will shoot one way growth is unsustainable with feeding a continent bursting at its seams 60% of demand come from East Asia Food production can’t keep up with demand


Question: Asian population growth

15. Asian demand is skyrocketing---shortfalls are inevitable because demand can’t keep up.

Manuell ’17 [Roy; 2017; MA in International Journalism from the City University of London and Digital Editor at New Food Magazine; New Food Magazine, “Feeding Asia: The Problem with Asia’s Population Growth for Food Security,” https://www.newfoodmagazine.com/article/29028/feeding-asia-problem-asias-population-food-security-urbanisation/]

Asian food security will be important with a change in consumer habits as a result of socio-economic shifts as quality improves population will shoot one way growth is unsustainable with feeding a continent bursting at its seams 60% of demand come from East Asia Food production can’t keep up with demand


Question: feeding asia

15. Asian demand is skyrocketing---shortfalls are inevitable because demand can’t keep up.

Manuell ’17 [Roy; 2017; MA in International Journalism from the City University of London and Digital Editor at New Food Magazine; New Food Magazine, “Feeding Asia: The Problem with Asia’s Population Growth for Food Security,” https://www.newfoodmagazine.com/article/29028/feeding-asia-problem-asias-population-food-security-urbanisation/]

Asian food security will be important with a change in consumer habits as a result of socio-economic shifts as quality improves population will shoot one way growth is unsustainable with feeding a continent bursting at its seams 60% of demand come from East Asia Food production can’t keep up with demand


Question: asia demand shortfalls

15. Asian demand is skyrocketing---shortfalls are inevitable because demand can’t keep up.

Manuell ’17 [Roy; 2017; MA in International Journalism from the City University of London and Digital Editor at New Food Magazine; New Food Magazine, “Feeding Asia: The Problem with Asia’s Population Growth for Food Security,” https://www.newfoodmagazine.com/article/29028/feeding-asia-problem-asias-population-food-security-urbanisation/]

Asian food security will be important with a change in consumer habits as a result of socio-economic shifts as quality improves population will shoot one way growth is unsustainable with feeding a continent bursting at its seams 60% of demand come from East Asia Food production can’t keep up with demand


Question: decreased financial influence nuclear war

Decreased financial influence forces military intervention into numerous hotspots---nuclear war.

Katz ’17 [David; Summer 2017; Senior Analyst at US Special Operations Command, J36 Counter Threat Finance, and West Point Graduate, former U.S. Army Member; Parameters, “Waging Financial Warfare: Why and How,” vol. 47]

financial warfare as a valuable tool for deterring proxy warfare can support international stability In Russia China and Iran financial power offer the greatest capability to counter adversaries Without innovating America may have no option other than sending fleets into the S C S Ukraine , Crimea , Iraq , and Levant state-sponsored conflict has become core of adversarial power Financial warfare can disrupt foundations underlying adversary’s ability


Question: Katz 17 financial warfare

Decreased financial influence forces military intervention into numerous hotspots---nuclear war.

Katz ’17 [David; Summer 2017; Senior Analyst at US Special Operations Command, J36 Counter Threat Finance, and West Point Graduate, former U.S. Army Member; Parameters, “Waging Financial Warfare: Why and How,” vol. 47]

financial warfare as a valuable tool for deterring proxy warfare can support international stability In Russia China and Iran financial power offer the greatest capability to counter adversaries Without innovating America may have no option other than sending fleets into the S C S Ukraine , Crimea , Iraq , and Levant state-sponsored conflict has become core of adversarial power Financial warfare can disrupt foundations underlying adversary’s ability


Question: David Katz

Decreased financial influence forces military intervention into numerous hotspots---nuclear war.

Katz ’17 [David; Summer 2017; Senior Analyst at US Special Operations Command, J36 Counter Threat Finance, and West Point Graduate, former U.S. Army Member; Parameters, “Waging Financial Warfare: Why and How,” vol. 47]

financial warfare as a valuable tool for deterring proxy warfare can support international stability In Russia China and Iran financial power offer the greatest capability to counter adversaries Without innovating America may have no option other than sending fleets into the S C S Ukraine , Crimea , Iraq , and Levant state-sponsored conflict has become core of adversarial power Financial warfare can disrupt foundations underlying adversary’s ability


Question: financial warfare proxy warfare

Decreased financial influence forces military intervention into numerous hotspots---nuclear war.

Katz ’17 [David; Summer 2017; Senior Analyst at US Special Operations Command, J36 Counter Threat Finance, and West Point Graduate, former U.S. Army Member; Parameters, “Waging Financial Warfare: Why and How,” vol. 47]

financial warfare as a valuable tool for deterring proxy warfare can support international stability In Russia China and Iran financial power offer the greatest capability to counter adversaries Without innovating America may have no option other than sending fleets into the S C S Ukraine , Crimea , Iraq , and Levant state-sponsored conflict has become core of adversarial power Financial warfare can disrupt foundations underlying adversary’s ability


Question: military intervention hotspots nuclear war

Decreased financial influence forces military intervention into numerous hotspots---nuclear war.

Katz ’17 [David; Summer 2017; Senior Analyst at US Special Operations Command, J36 Counter Threat Finance, and West Point Graduate, former U.S. Army Member; Parameters, “Waging Financial Warfare: Why and How,” vol. 47]

financial warfare as a valuable tool for deterring proxy warfare can support international stability In Russia China and Iran financial power offer the greatest capability to counter adversaries Without innovating America may have no option other than sending fleets into the S C S Ukraine , Crimea , Iraq , and Levant state-sponsored conflict has become core of adversarial power Financial warfare can disrupt foundations underlying adversary’s ability


Question: financial warfare deterring proxy warfare

Decreased financial influence forces military intervention into numerous hotspots---nuclear war.

Katz ’17 [David; Summer 2017; Senior Analyst at US Special Operations Command, J36 Counter Threat Finance, and West Point Graduate, former U.S. Army Member; Parameters, “Waging Financial Warfare: Why and How,” vol. 47]

financial warfare as a valuable tool for deterring proxy warfare can support international stability In Russia China and Iran financial power offer the greatest capability to counter adversaries Without innovating America may have no option other than sending fleets into the S C S Ukraine , Crimea , Iraq , and Levant state-sponsored conflict has become core of adversarial power Financial warfare can disrupt foundations underlying adversary’s ability


Question: US military intervention

Decreased financial influence forces military intervention into numerous hotspots---nuclear war.

Katz ’17 [David; Summer 2017; Senior Analyst at US Special Operations Command, J36 Counter Threat Finance, and West Point Graduate, former U.S. Army Member; Parameters, “Waging Financial Warfare: Why and How,” vol. 47]

financial warfare as a valuable tool for deterring proxy warfare can support international stability In Russia China and Iran financial power offer the greatest capability to counter adversaries Without innovating America may have no option other than sending fleets into the S C S Ukraine , Crimea , Iraq , and Levant state-sponsored conflict has become core of adversarial power Financial warfare can disrupt foundations underlying adversary’s ability


Question: America innovate sending fleets

Decreased financial influence forces military intervention into numerous hotspots---nuclear war.

Katz ’17 [David; Summer 2017; Senior Analyst at US Special Operations Command, J36 Counter Threat Finance, and West Point Graduate, former U.S. Army Member; Parameters, “Waging Financial Warfare: Why and How,” vol. 47]

financial warfare as a valuable tool for deterring proxy warfare can support international stability In Russia China and Iran financial power offer the greatest capability to counter adversaries Without innovating America may have no option other than sending fleets into the S C S Ukraine , Crimea , Iraq , and Levant state-sponsored conflict has become core of adversarial power Financial warfare can disrupt foundations underlying adversary’s ability


Question: JUMP undoes antiblack desires

The JUMP is a better analytic to undo the political forms produced by antiblack desires

Tenorio 24 (Sam C. Tenorio (he/they) is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. He received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in African American Studies, with a subfield in Political Theory, from Northwestern University and a B.A. in History and Women’s Studies  Jump Black Anarchism and Antiblack Carcerality Sam C. Tenorio · 2024 NYU Press 9781479828296, https://www.google.com/books/edition/Jump/Bb70EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0)

Which fear is greater, the fear of the pain we know or the pain we do not? politicality of jumps rests in the practice rather than the desire, of death mobility, and destruction that confronts the system of enslavement . not to disavow the desire but to consider how jump refuses its political form . methodological approach is dictated by the archive of slavery itself Black anarchist lens distrusts the sense of agency stamp of "self-destruction runs counter to conditions of compulsion and coercion


Question: Tenorio 2024

The JUMP is a better analytic to undo the political forms produced by antiblack desires

Tenorio 24 (Sam C. Tenorio (he/they) is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. He received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in African American Studies, with a subfield in Political Theory, from Northwestern University and a B.A. in History and Women’s Studies  Jump Black Anarchism and Antiblack Carcerality Sam C. Tenorio · 2024 NYU Press 9781479828296, https://www.google.com/books/edition/Jump/Bb70EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0)

Which fear is greater, the fear of the pain we know or the pain we do not? politicality of jumps rests in the practice rather than the desire, of death mobility, and destruction that confronts the system of enslavement . not to disavow the desire but to consider how jump refuses its political form . methodological approach is dictated by the archive of slavery itself Black anarchist lens distrusts the sense of agency stamp of "self-destruction runs counter to conditions of compulsion and coercion


Question: Sam Tenorio

The JUMP is a better analytic to undo the political forms produced by antiblack desires

Tenorio 24 (Sam C. Tenorio (he/they) is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. He received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in African American Studies, with a subfield in Political Theory, from Northwestern University and a B.A. in History and Women’s Studies  Jump Black Anarchism and Antiblack Carcerality Sam C. Tenorio · 2024 NYU Press 9781479828296, https://www.google.com/books/edition/Jump/Bb70EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0)

Which fear is greater, the fear of the pain we know or the pain we do not? politicality of jumps rests in the practice rather than the desire, of death mobility, and destruction that confronts the system of enslavement . not to disavow the desire but to consider how jump refuses its political form . methodological approach is dictated by the archive of slavery itself Black anarchist lens distrusts the sense of agency stamp of "self-destruction runs counter to conditions of compulsion and coercion


Question: JUMP black anarchism

The JUMP is a better analytic to undo the political forms produced by antiblack desires

Tenorio 24 (Sam C. Tenorio (he/they) is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. He received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in African American Studies, with a subfield in Political Theory, from Northwestern University and a B.A. in History and Women’s Studies  Jump Black Anarchism and Antiblack Carcerality Sam C. Tenorio · 2024 NYU Press 9781479828296, https://www.google.com/books/edition/Jump/Bb70EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0)

Which fear is greater, the fear of the pain we know or the pain we do not? politicality of jumps rests in the practice rather than the desire, of death mobility, and destruction that confronts the system of enslavement . not to disavow the desire but to consider how jump refuses its political form . methodological approach is dictated by the archive of slavery itself Black anarchist lens distrusts the sense of agency stamp of "self-destruction runs counter to conditions of compulsion and coercion


Question: politicality of jumps

The JUMP is a better analytic to undo the political forms produced by antiblack desires

Tenorio 24 (Sam C. Tenorio (he/they) is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. He received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in African American Studies, with a subfield in Political Theory, from Northwestern University and a B.A. in History and Women’s Studies  Jump Black Anarchism and Antiblack Carcerality Sam C. Tenorio · 2024 NYU Press 9781479828296, https://www.google.com/books/edition/Jump/Bb70EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0)

Which fear is greater, the fear of the pain we know or the pain we do not? politicality of jumps rests in the practice rather than the desire, of death mobility, and destruction that confronts the system of enslavement . not to disavow the desire but to consider how jump refuses its political form . methodological approach is dictated by the archive of slavery itself Black anarchist lens distrusts the sense of agency stamp of "self-destruction runs counter to conditions of compulsion and coercion


Question: jump refuses its political form

The JUMP is a better analytic to undo the political forms produced by antiblack desires

Tenorio 24 (Sam C. Tenorio (he/they) is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. He received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in African American Studies, with a subfield in Political Theory, from Northwestern University and a B.A. in History and Women’s Studies  Jump Black Anarchism and Antiblack Carcerality Sam C. Tenorio · 2024 NYU Press 9781479828296, https://www.google.com/books/edition/Jump/Bb70EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0)

Which fear is greater, the fear of the pain we know or the pain we do not? politicality of jumps rests in the practice rather than the desire, of death mobility, and destruction that confronts the system of enslavement . not to disavow the desire but to consider how jump refuses its political form . methodological approach is dictated by the archive of slavery itself Black anarchist lens distrusts the sense of agency stamp of "self-destruction runs counter to conditions of compulsion and coercion


Question: black anarchist lens

The JUMP is a better analytic to undo the political forms produced by antiblack desires

Tenorio 24 (Sam C. Tenorio (he/they) is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. He received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in African American Studies, with a subfield in Political Theory, from Northwestern University and a B.A. in History and Women’s Studies  Jump Black Anarchism and Antiblack Carcerality Sam C. Tenorio · 2024 NYU Press 9781479828296, https://www.google.com/books/edition/Jump/Bb70EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0)

Which fear is greater, the fear of the pain we know or the pain we do not? politicality of jumps rests in the practice rather than the desire, of death mobility, and destruction that confronts the system of enslavement . not to disavow the desire but to consider how jump refuses its political form . methodological approach is dictated by the archive of slavery itself Black anarchist lens distrusts the sense of agency stamp of "self-destruction runs counter to conditions of compulsion and coercion


Question: antiblack carcerality

The JUMP is a better analytic to undo the political forms produced by antiblack desires

Tenorio 24 (Sam C. Tenorio (he/they) is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. He received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in African American Studies, with a subfield in Political Theory, from Northwestern University and a B.A. in History and Women’s Studies  Jump Black Anarchism and Antiblack Carcerality Sam C. Tenorio · 2024 NYU Press 9781479828296, https://www.google.com/books/edition/Jump/Bb70EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0)

Which fear is greater, the fear of the pain we know or the pain we do not? politicality of jumps rests in the practice rather than the desire, of death mobility, and destruction that confronts the system of enslavement . not to disavow the desire but to consider how jump refuses its political form . methodological approach is dictated by the archive of slavery itself Black anarchist lens distrusts the sense of agency stamp of "self-destruction runs counter to conditions of compulsion and coercion


Question: Resource scarcity not cause war

Resource scarcity and abundance do not in themselves cause war. This narrative depoliticizes resource management.

Shannon O’Lear 23, Professor of Geography in the Geography and Atmospheric Science Department and Director of the Environmental Studies Program at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, “Geographies of Environmental Peace and Conflict,” Making Geographies of Peace and Conflict, 1st ed., Routledge, 09/20/2023, pp. 219–236, DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.4324/9781003345794-13

resource conflict does not deliver . providing no data elite group of people alleviate responsibility simplistic explanations avoid difficult questions of social causes of vulnerability resource scarcity overlook how scarcity  was  created there is scant research to show scarcity leads to conflict discourses are political invasion retaliation occupation and damage to relations carry too high a price resource determinism  overlook complex systems


Question: Shannon O'Lear 23

Resource scarcity and abundance do not in themselves cause war. This narrative depoliticizes resource management.

Shannon O’Lear 23, Professor of Geography in the Geography and Atmospheric Science Department and Director of the Environmental Studies Program at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, “Geographies of Environmental Peace and Conflict,” Making Geographies of Peace and Conflict, 1st ed., Routledge, 09/20/2023, pp. 219–236, DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.4324/9781003345794-13

resource conflict does not deliver . providing no data elite group of people alleviate responsibility simplistic explanations avoid difficult questions of social causes of vulnerability resource scarcity overlook how scarcity  was  created there is scant research to show scarcity leads to conflict discourses are political invasion retaliation occupation and damage to relations carry too high a price resource determinism  overlook complex systems


Question: Resource scarcity and war

Resource scarcity and abundance do not in themselves cause war. This narrative depoliticizes resource management.

Shannon O’Lear 23, Professor of Geography in the Geography and Atmospheric Science Department and Director of the Environmental Studies Program at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, “Geographies of Environmental Peace and Conflict,” Making Geographies of Peace and Conflict, 1st ed., Routledge, 09/20/2023, pp. 219–236, DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.4324/9781003345794-13

resource conflict does not deliver . providing no data elite group of people alleviate responsibility simplistic explanations avoid difficult questions of social causes of vulnerability resource scarcity overlook how scarcity  was  created there is scant research to show scarcity leads to conflict discourses are political invasion retaliation occupation and damage to relations carry too high a price resource determinism  overlook complex systems


Question: Resource conflict discourses are political

Resource scarcity and abundance do not in themselves cause war. This narrative depoliticizes resource management.

Shannon O’Lear 23, Professor of Geography in the Geography and Atmospheric Science Department and Director of the Environmental Studies Program at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, “Geographies of Environmental Peace and Conflict,” Making Geographies of Peace and Conflict, 1st ed., Routledge, 09/20/2023, pp. 219–236, DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.4324/9781003345794-13

resource conflict does not deliver . providing no data elite group of people alleviate responsibility simplistic explanations avoid difficult questions of social causes of vulnerability resource scarcity overlook how scarcity  was  created there is scant research to show scarcity leads to conflict discourses are political invasion retaliation occupation and damage to relations carry too high a price resource determinism  overlook complex systems


Question: simplistic explanations avoid difficult questions

Resource scarcity and abundance do not in themselves cause war. This narrative depoliticizes resource management.

Shannon O’Lear 23, Professor of Geography in the Geography and Atmospheric Science Department and Director of the Environmental Studies Program at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, “Geographies of Environmental Peace and Conflict,” Making Geographies of Peace and Conflict, 1st ed., Routledge, 09/20/2023, pp. 219–236, DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.4324/9781003345794-13

resource conflict does not deliver . providing no data elite group of people alleviate responsibility simplistic explanations avoid difficult questions of social causes of vulnerability resource scarcity overlook how scarcity  was  created there is scant research to show scarcity leads to conflict discourses are political invasion retaliation occupation and damage to relations carry too high a price resource determinism  overlook complex systems


Question: scarcity overlook how scarcity was created

Resource scarcity and abundance do not in themselves cause war. This narrative depoliticizes resource management.

Shannon O’Lear 23, Professor of Geography in the Geography and Atmospheric Science Department and Director of the Environmental Studies Program at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, “Geographies of Environmental Peace and Conflict,” Making Geographies of Peace and Conflict, 1st ed., Routledge, 09/20/2023, pp. 219–236, DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.4324/9781003345794-13

resource conflict does not deliver . providing no data elite group of people alleviate responsibility simplistic explanations avoid difficult questions of social causes of vulnerability resource scarcity overlook how scarcity  was  created there is scant research to show scarcity leads to conflict discourses are political invasion retaliation occupation and damage to relations carry too high a price resource determinism  overlook complex systems


Question: geographies of environmental peace

Resource scarcity and abundance do not in themselves cause war. This narrative depoliticizes resource management.

Shannon O’Lear 23, Professor of Geography in the Geography and Atmospheric Science Department and Director of the Environmental Studies Program at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, “Geographies of Environmental Peace and Conflict,” Making Geographies of Peace and Conflict, 1st ed., Routledge, 09/20/2023, pp. 219–236, DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.4324/9781003345794-13

resource conflict does not deliver . providing no data elite group of people alleviate responsibility simplistic explanations avoid difficult questions of social causes of vulnerability resource scarcity overlook how scarcity  was  created there is scant research to show scarcity leads to conflict discourses are political invasion retaliation occupation and damage to relations carry too high a price resource determinism  overlook complex systems


Question: resource determinism overlook complex systems

Resource scarcity and abundance do not in themselves cause war. This narrative depoliticizes resource management.

Shannon O’Lear 23, Professor of Geography in the Geography and Atmospheric Science Department and Director of the Environmental Studies Program at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, “Geographies of Environmental Peace and Conflict,” Making Geographies of Peace and Conflict, 1st ed., Routledge, 09/20/2023, pp. 219–236, DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.4324/9781003345794-13

resource conflict does not deliver . providing no data elite group of people alleviate responsibility simplistic explanations avoid difficult questions of social causes of vulnerability resource scarcity overlook how scarcity  was  created there is scant research to show scarcity leads to conflict discourses are political invasion retaliation occupation and damage to relations carry too high a price resource determinism  overlook complex systems


Question: Recent congressional proposals prove

Recent congressional proposals prove.

Denning 24 (Liam Denning is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist covering energy, holding a B.A. in history from the University of Caimbridge. A former banker, he edited the Wall Street Journal’s Heard on the Street column and wrote the Financial Times’s Lex column. Prior to journalism, he was an advisor in the energy industry. Denning, Liam. “The US’s New Trade Weapon against China Is Carbon.” Bloomberg.com, Bloomberg, 18 Apr. 2024, www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2024-04-18/the-us-s-new-trade-weapon-against-china-is-carbon. Accessed 24 June 2024.)Rinehart.

White House delivered Such as: Right now, our existing trade policies don’t pay enough attention to the emissions embodied in tradeable goods That’s fighting talk including against Chin proposed F P F Act would effectively impose a carbon border tax on selected imports aimed explicitly at China China reliance on coal-fired power , embedded now presents a structural weakness that can be exploited That means the energy transition comes with growing friction


Question: Denning Bloomberg

Recent congressional proposals prove.

Denning 24 (Liam Denning is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist covering energy, holding a B.A. in history from the University of Caimbridge. A former banker, he edited the Wall Street Journal’s Heard on the Street column and wrote the Financial Times’s Lex column. Prior to journalism, he was an advisor in the energy industry. Denning, Liam. “The US’s New Trade Weapon against China Is Carbon.” Bloomberg.com, Bloomberg, 18 Apr. 2024, www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2024-04-18/the-us-s-new-trade-weapon-against-china-is-carbon. Accessed 24 June 2024.)Rinehart.

White House delivered Such as: Right now, our existing trade policies don’t pay enough attention to the emissions embodied in tradeable goods That’s fighting talk including against Chin proposed F P F Act would effectively impose a carbon border tax on selected imports aimed explicitly at China China reliance on coal-fired power , embedded now presents a structural weakness that can be exploited That means the energy transition comes with growing friction


Question: carbon border tax china

Recent congressional proposals prove.

Denning 24 (Liam Denning is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist covering energy, holding a B.A. in history from the University of Caimbridge. A former banker, he edited the Wall Street Journal’s Heard on the Street column and wrote the Financial Times’s Lex column. Prior to journalism, he was an advisor in the energy industry. Denning, Liam. “The US’s New Trade Weapon against China Is Carbon.” Bloomberg.com, Bloomberg, 18 Apr. 2024, www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2024-04-18/the-us-s-new-trade-weapon-against-china-is-carbon. Accessed 24 June 2024.)Rinehart.

White House delivered Such as: Right now, our existing trade policies don’t pay enough attention to the emissions embodied in tradeable goods That’s fighting talk including against Chin proposed F P F Act would effectively impose a carbon border tax on selected imports aimed explicitly at China China reliance on coal-fired power , embedded now presents a structural weakness that can be exploited That means the energy transition comes with growing friction


Question: FPF Act carbon border

Recent congressional proposals prove.

Denning 24 (Liam Denning is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist covering energy, holding a B.A. in history from the University of Caimbridge. A former banker, he edited the Wall Street Journal’s Heard on the Street column and wrote the Financial Times’s Lex column. Prior to journalism, he was an advisor in the energy industry. Denning, Liam. “The US’s New Trade Weapon against China Is Carbon.” Bloomberg.com, Bloomberg, 18 Apr. 2024, www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2024-04-18/the-us-s-new-trade-weapon-against-china-is-carbon. Accessed 24 June 2024.)Rinehart.

White House delivered Such as: Right now, our existing trade policies don’t pay enough attention to the emissions embodied in tradeable goods That’s fighting talk including against Chin proposed F P F Act would effectively impose a carbon border tax on selected imports aimed explicitly at China China reliance on coal-fired power , embedded now presents a structural weakness that can be exploited That means the energy transition comes with growing friction


Question: US trade weapon

Recent congressional proposals prove.

Denning 24 (Liam Denning is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist covering energy, holding a B.A. in history from the University of Caimbridge. A former banker, he edited the Wall Street Journal’s Heard on the Street column and wrote the Financial Times’s Lex column. Prior to journalism, he was an advisor in the energy industry. Denning, Liam. “The US’s New Trade Weapon against China Is Carbon.” Bloomberg.com, Bloomberg, 18 Apr. 2024, www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2024-04-18/the-us-s-new-trade-weapon-against-china-is-carbon. Accessed 24 June 2024.)Rinehart.

White House delivered Such as: Right now, our existing trade policies don’t pay enough attention to the emissions embodied in tradeable goods That’s fighting talk including against Chin proposed F P F Act would effectively impose a carbon border tax on selected imports aimed explicitly at China China reliance on coal-fired power , embedded now presents a structural weakness that can be exploited That means the energy transition comes with growing friction


Question: China coal reliance weakness

Recent congressional proposals prove.

Denning 24 (Liam Denning is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist covering energy, holding a B.A. in history from the University of Caimbridge. A former banker, he edited the Wall Street Journal’s Heard on the Street column and wrote the Financial Times’s Lex column. Prior to journalism, he was an advisor in the energy industry. Denning, Liam. “The US’s New Trade Weapon against China Is Carbon.” Bloomberg.com, Bloomberg, 18 Apr. 2024, www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2024-04-18/the-us-s-new-trade-weapon-against-china-is-carbon. Accessed 24 June 2024.)Rinehart.

White House delivered Such as: Right now, our existing trade policies don’t pay enough attention to the emissions embodied in tradeable goods That’s fighting talk including against Chin proposed F P F Act would effectively impose a carbon border tax on selected imports aimed explicitly at China China reliance on coal-fired power , embedded now presents a structural weakness that can be exploited That means the energy transition comes with growing friction


Question: trade policies emissions

Recent congressional proposals prove.

Denning 24 (Liam Denning is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist covering energy, holding a B.A. in history from the University of Caimbridge. A former banker, he edited the Wall Street Journal’s Heard on the Street column and wrote the Financial Times’s Lex column. Prior to journalism, he was an advisor in the energy industry. Denning, Liam. “The US’s New Trade Weapon against China Is Carbon.” Bloomberg.com, Bloomberg, 18 Apr. 2024, www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2024-04-18/the-us-s-new-trade-weapon-against-china-is-carbon. Accessed 24 June 2024.)Rinehart.

White House delivered Such as: Right now, our existing trade policies don’t pay enough attention to the emissions embodied in tradeable goods That’s fighting talk including against Chin proposed F P F Act would effectively impose a carbon border tax on selected imports aimed explicitly at China China reliance on coal-fired power , embedded now presents a structural weakness that can be exploited That means the energy transition comes with growing friction