Question: displacement of racialized communities

Topic Link—The affirmative is a greenhouse gas mitigation strategy that operates within racial capitalism which means it will result in death for black and brown people.

Gonzalez ‘21

racialized communities  are being displaced not only by climate change, but also by the measures  to mitigate emissions. For example, wind farms developed on indigenous lands to provide energy to Walmart In Canada, a  hydroelectric dam threatens to displace indigenous peoples and replicate the sacrifice zones of carbon capitalism  in the name of “green energy” forest conservation schemes undermine the rights indigenous communities to harvest plants, timber, or fish in their ancestral territories Lastly, biofuels increased food prices and incentivized large-scale land transactions in the global South that destroy forests and displace rural dwellers  to make large plantations to cultivate biofuel An analysis of climate  coloniality  reveals the abyssal line dividing those deemed human from those deemed non-human or sub-human. those who occupy the sacrifice zones  are particularly susceptible to harm due to their classification as disposable. Racialization justifies and naturalizes violence and dispossession in war zones, in resource extraction zones, in the green energy economy, and in  refugee camps and migrant detention centers  Klein observes: A culture that places so little value on black and brown lives will be willing to let black and brown people  disappear beneath the waves, or heat. racism is state-sanctioned  exploitation of group-differentiated vulnerability to premature death”


Question: climate coloniality

Topic Link—The affirmative is a greenhouse gas mitigation strategy that operates within racial capitalism which means it will result in death for black and brown people.

Gonzalez ‘21

racialized communities  are being displaced not only by climate change, but also by the measures  to mitigate emissions. For example, wind farms developed on indigenous lands to provide energy to Walmart In Canada, a  hydroelectric dam threatens to displace indigenous peoples and replicate the sacrifice zones of carbon capitalism  in the name of “green energy” forest conservation schemes undermine the rights indigenous communities to harvest plants, timber, or fish in their ancestral territories Lastly, biofuels increased food prices and incentivized large-scale land transactions in the global South that destroy forests and displace rural dwellers  to make large plantations to cultivate biofuel An analysis of climate  coloniality  reveals the abyssal line dividing those deemed human from those deemed non-human or sub-human. those who occupy the sacrifice zones  are particularly susceptible to harm due to their classification as disposable. Racialization justifies and naturalizes violence and dispossession in war zones, in resource extraction zones, in the green energy economy, and in  refugee camps and migrant detention centers  Klein observes: A culture that places so little value on black and brown lives will be willing to let black and brown people  disappear beneath the waves, or heat. racism is state-sanctioned  exploitation of group-differentiated vulnerability to premature death”


Question: Trump protectionism was just rhetoric

Trump protectionism was just rhetoric- actual trade policies didn’t significantly change

James, 18 – Princeton University International Affairs professor

despite fiery rhetoric about trade wars implementation may  play a lesser role Words are hotter  than actions the actual trade policy is closer to mainstream The whole process looked like strategic bargaining , Eu and  Chinese responses were precision strikes


Question: Trump trade policies mainstream

Trump protectionism was just rhetoric- actual trade policies didn’t significantly change

James, 18 – Princeton University International Affairs professor

despite fiery rhetoric about trade wars implementation may  play a lesser role Words are hotter  than actions the actual trade policy is closer to mainstream The whole process looked like strategic bargaining , Eu and  Chinese responses were precision strikes


Question: James 18 trade

Trump protectionism was just rhetoric- actual trade policies didn’t significantly change

James, 18 – Princeton University International Affairs professor

despite fiery rhetoric about trade wars implementation may  play a lesser role Words are hotter  than actions the actual trade policy is closer to mainstream The whole process looked like strategic bargaining , Eu and  Chinese responses were precision strikes


Question: Trump trade policy strategic bargaining

Trump protectionism was just rhetoric- actual trade policies didn’t significantly change

James, 18 – Princeton University International Affairs professor

despite fiery rhetoric about trade wars implementation may  play a lesser role Words are hotter  than actions the actual trade policy is closer to mainstream The whole process looked like strategic bargaining , Eu and  Chinese responses were precision strikes


Question: Trump trade war rhetoric

Trump protectionism was just rhetoric- actual trade policies didn’t significantly change

James, 18 – Princeton University International Affairs professor

despite fiery rhetoric about trade wars implementation may  play a lesser role Words are hotter  than actions the actual trade policy is closer to mainstream The whole process looked like strategic bargaining , Eu and  Chinese responses were precision strikes


Question: trade policy closer to mainstream

Trump protectionism was just rhetoric- actual trade policies didn’t significantly change

James, 18 – Princeton University International Affairs professor

despite fiery rhetoric about trade wars implementation may  play a lesser role Words are hotter  than actions the actual trade policy is closer to mainstream The whole process looked like strategic bargaining , Eu and  Chinese responses were precision strikes


Question: demand is surging

Demand is surging---the IEA underestimates AND historically’s been wrong.

Al Ghais ’24 [Haitham; June 13; OPEC Secretary General; OPEC, “OPEC Sec Gen: Peak oil demand not on the horizon,” https://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/general/OPEC-SG-peak-oil-demand-not-on-the-horizon.pdf]

peak supply not come to pass shift to peak demand narrative repeated when IEA published dangerous commentary proven to be wrong IEA suggested gas peaked coal peaked but consumption hit record levels progress in renewables nowhere near enough renewables require oil products add to oil demand oil demand increase Even IEA sees growth consumer pushback of unrealistic net zero prompting policymakers to reevaluate supporting new oil licenses


Question: OPEC Al Ghais

Demand is surging---the IEA underestimates AND historically’s been wrong.

Al Ghais ’24 [Haitham; June 13; OPEC Secretary General; OPEC, “OPEC Sec Gen: Peak oil demand not on the horizon,” https://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/general/OPEC-SG-peak-oil-demand-not-on-the-horizon.pdf]

peak supply not come to pass shift to peak demand narrative repeated when IEA published dangerous commentary proven to be wrong IEA suggested gas peaked coal peaked but consumption hit record levels progress in renewables nowhere near enough renewables require oil products add to oil demand oil demand increase Even IEA sees growth consumer pushback of unrealistic net zero prompting policymakers to reevaluate supporting new oil licenses


Question: IEA underestimates demand

Demand is surging---the IEA underestimates AND historically’s been wrong.

Al Ghais ’24 [Haitham; June 13; OPEC Secretary General; OPEC, “OPEC Sec Gen: Peak oil demand not on the horizon,” https://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/general/OPEC-SG-peak-oil-demand-not-on-the-horizon.pdf]

peak supply not come to pass shift to peak demand narrative repeated when IEA published dangerous commentary proven to be wrong IEA suggested gas peaked coal peaked but consumption hit record levels progress in renewables nowhere near enough renewables require oil products add to oil demand oil demand increase Even IEA sees growth consumer pushback of unrealistic net zero prompting policymakers to reevaluate supporting new oil licenses


Question: peak oil demand not on horizon

Demand is surging---the IEA underestimates AND historically’s been wrong.

Al Ghais ’24 [Haitham; June 13; OPEC Secretary General; OPEC, “OPEC Sec Gen: Peak oil demand not on the horizon,” https://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/general/OPEC-SG-peak-oil-demand-not-on-the-horizon.pdf]

peak supply not come to pass shift to peak demand narrative repeated when IEA published dangerous commentary proven to be wrong IEA suggested gas peaked coal peaked but consumption hit record levels progress in renewables nowhere near enough renewables require oil products add to oil demand oil demand increase Even IEA sees growth consumer pushback of unrealistic net zero prompting policymakers to reevaluate supporting new oil licenses


Question: IEA commentary proven wrong

Demand is surging---the IEA underestimates AND historically’s been wrong.

Al Ghais ’24 [Haitham; June 13; OPEC Secretary General; OPEC, “OPEC Sec Gen: Peak oil demand not on the horizon,” https://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/general/OPEC-SG-peak-oil-demand-not-on-the-horizon.pdf]

peak supply not come to pass shift to peak demand narrative repeated when IEA published dangerous commentary proven to be wrong IEA suggested gas peaked coal peaked but consumption hit record levels progress in renewables nowhere near enough renewables require oil products add to oil demand oil demand increase Even IEA sees growth consumer pushback of unrealistic net zero prompting policymakers to reevaluate supporting new oil licenses


Question: renewables require oil products

Demand is surging---the IEA underestimates AND historically’s been wrong.

Al Ghais ’24 [Haitham; June 13; OPEC Secretary General; OPEC, “OPEC Sec Gen: Peak oil demand not on the horizon,” https://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/general/OPEC-SG-peak-oil-demand-not-on-the-horizon.pdf]

peak supply not come to pass shift to peak demand narrative repeated when IEA published dangerous commentary proven to be wrong IEA suggested gas peaked coal peaked but consumption hit record levels progress in renewables nowhere near enough renewables require oil products add to oil demand oil demand increase Even IEA sees growth consumer pushback of unrealistic net zero prompting policymakers to reevaluate supporting new oil licenses


Question: OPEC peak oil demand

Demand is surging---the IEA underestimates AND historically’s been wrong.

Al Ghais ’24 [Haitham; June 13; OPEC Secretary General; OPEC, “OPEC Sec Gen: Peak oil demand not on the horizon,” https://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/general/OPEC-SG-peak-oil-demand-not-on-the-horizon.pdf]

peak supply not come to pass shift to peak demand narrative repeated when IEA published dangerous commentary proven to be wrong IEA suggested gas peaked coal peaked but consumption hit record levels progress in renewables nowhere near enough renewables require oil products add to oil demand oil demand increase Even IEA sees growth consumer pushback of unrealistic net zero prompting policymakers to reevaluate supporting new oil licenses


Question: Economic conditions in China make it impossible to lose

Economic conditions in China make it impossible to lose.

Tonchev 22 – Plamen Tonchev (Head of the Asia Unit at the Institute of International Economic Relations (IIER), Athens, Greece.) “2 Major Traps on China’s Path to Global Leadership” The Diplomat. September 01, 2022. Accessed September 27, 2022. https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/2-major-traps-on-chinas-path-to-global-leadership/

There are major obstacles China will have to get over slowdown should not be  attributed to  COVID The pandemic  exacerbated  structural deficiencies China is reeling under  excessive debt, caused by misallocation of capital  real estate bubble may be the most serious crisis in the past 40 years aging population will  sap future growth coupled with low educational attainment total factor productivity  has been steadily declining Chinese authorities efforts are falling flat


Question: Tonchev 22

Economic conditions in China make it impossible to lose.

Tonchev 22 – Plamen Tonchev (Head of the Asia Unit at the Institute of International Economic Relations (IIER), Athens, Greece.) “2 Major Traps on China’s Path to Global Leadership” The Diplomat. September 01, 2022. Accessed September 27, 2022. https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/2-major-traps-on-chinas-path-to-global-leadership/

There are major obstacles China will have to get over slowdown should not be  attributed to  COVID The pandemic  exacerbated  structural deficiencies China is reeling under  excessive debt, caused by misallocation of capital  real estate bubble may be the most serious crisis in the past 40 years aging population will  sap future growth coupled with low educational attainment total factor productivity  has been steadily declining Chinese authorities efforts are falling flat


Question: China economic slowdown

Economic conditions in China make it impossible to lose.

Tonchev 22 – Plamen Tonchev (Head of the Asia Unit at the Institute of International Economic Relations (IIER), Athens, Greece.) “2 Major Traps on China’s Path to Global Leadership” The Diplomat. September 01, 2022. Accessed September 27, 2022. https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/2-major-traps-on-chinas-path-to-global-leadership/

There are major obstacles China will have to get over slowdown should not be  attributed to  COVID The pandemic  exacerbated  structural deficiencies China is reeling under  excessive debt, caused by misallocation of capital  real estate bubble may be the most serious crisis in the past 40 years aging population will  sap future growth coupled with low educational attainment total factor productivity  has been steadily declining Chinese authorities efforts are falling flat


Question: China debt and real estate bubble

Economic conditions in China make it impossible to lose.

Tonchev 22 – Plamen Tonchev (Head of the Asia Unit at the Institute of International Economic Relations (IIER), Athens, Greece.) “2 Major Traps on China’s Path to Global Leadership” The Diplomat. September 01, 2022. Accessed September 27, 2022. https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/2-major-traps-on-chinas-path-to-global-leadership/

There are major obstacles China will have to get over slowdown should not be  attributed to  COVID The pandemic  exacerbated  structural deficiencies China is reeling under  excessive debt, caused by misallocation of capital  real estate bubble may be the most serious crisis in the past 40 years aging population will  sap future growth coupled with low educational attainment total factor productivity  has been steadily declining Chinese authorities efforts are falling flat


Question: China economic conditions

Economic conditions in China make it impossible to lose.

Tonchev 22 – Plamen Tonchev (Head of the Asia Unit at the Institute of International Economic Relations (IIER), Athens, Greece.) “2 Major Traps on China’s Path to Global Leadership” The Diplomat. September 01, 2022. Accessed September 27, 2022. https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/2-major-traps-on-chinas-path-to-global-leadership/

There are major obstacles China will have to get over slowdown should not be  attributed to  COVID The pandemic  exacerbated  structural deficiencies China is reeling under  excessive debt, caused by misallocation of capital  real estate bubble may be the most serious crisis in the past 40 years aging population will  sap future growth coupled with low educational attainment total factor productivity  has been steadily declining Chinese authorities efforts are falling flat


Question: China aging population

Economic conditions in China make it impossible to lose.

Tonchev 22 – Plamen Tonchev (Head of the Asia Unit at the Institute of International Economic Relations (IIER), Athens, Greece.) “2 Major Traps on China’s Path to Global Leadership” The Diplomat. September 01, 2022. Accessed September 27, 2022. https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/2-major-traps-on-chinas-path-to-global-leadership/

There are major obstacles China will have to get over slowdown should not be  attributed to  COVID The pandemic  exacerbated  structural deficiencies China is reeling under  excessive debt, caused by misallocation of capital  real estate bubble may be the most serious crisis in the past 40 years aging population will  sap future growth coupled with low educational attainment total factor productivity  has been steadily declining Chinese authorities efforts are falling flat


Question: China capital misallocation

Economic conditions in China make it impossible to lose.

Tonchev 22 – Plamen Tonchev (Head of the Asia Unit at the Institute of International Economic Relations (IIER), Athens, Greece.) “2 Major Traps on China’s Path to Global Leadership” The Diplomat. September 01, 2022. Accessed September 27, 2022. https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/2-major-traps-on-chinas-path-to-global-leadership/

There are major obstacles China will have to get over slowdown should not be  attributed to  COVID The pandemic  exacerbated  structural deficiencies China is reeling under  excessive debt, caused by misallocation of capital  real estate bubble may be the most serious crisis in the past 40 years aging population will  sap future growth coupled with low educational attainment total factor productivity  has been steadily declining Chinese authorities efforts are falling flat


Question: China no global leadership

Economic conditions in China make it impossible to lose.

Tonchev 22 – Plamen Tonchev (Head of the Asia Unit at the Institute of International Economic Relations (IIER), Athens, Greece.) “2 Major Traps on China’s Path to Global Leadership” The Diplomat. September 01, 2022. Accessed September 27, 2022. https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/2-major-traps-on-chinas-path-to-global-leadership/

There are major obstacles China will have to get over slowdown should not be  attributed to  COVID The pandemic  exacerbated  structural deficiencies China is reeling under  excessive debt, caused by misallocation of capital  real estate bubble may be the most serious crisis in the past 40 years aging population will  sap future growth coupled with low educational attainment total factor productivity  has been steadily declining Chinese authorities efforts are falling flat


Question: inflation decline

Inflation’s on the decline

Lee 12-31-24 [Anne Marie Lee, editor for CBS MoneyWatch, “Gas prices recede and could continue dropping in 2025, forecast finds,” 12-31-24, CBS News, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2025-predictions-gas-prices-us/]

expect lower gas prices as inflation eases amid booming domestic oil production After few weeks of rising prices national average reversed declining as we close out 2024 provide relief for consumers, who grapple with elevated prices economists expect inflation to fall in 2025 expect underlying inflation trend to fall


Question: Lee 12-31-24

Inflation’s on the decline

Lee 12-31-24 [Anne Marie Lee, editor for CBS MoneyWatch, “Gas prices recede and could continue dropping in 2025, forecast finds,” 12-31-24, CBS News, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2025-predictions-gas-prices-us/]

expect lower gas prices as inflation eases amid booming domestic oil production After few weeks of rising prices national average reversed declining as we close out 2024 provide relief for consumers, who grapple with elevated prices economists expect inflation to fall in 2025 expect underlying inflation trend to fall


Question: Anne Marie Lee CBS

Inflation’s on the decline

Lee 12-31-24 [Anne Marie Lee, editor for CBS MoneyWatch, “Gas prices recede and could continue dropping in 2025, forecast finds,” 12-31-24, CBS News, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2025-predictions-gas-prices-us/]

expect lower gas prices as inflation eases amid booming domestic oil production After few weeks of rising prices national average reversed declining as we close out 2024 provide relief for consumers, who grapple with elevated prices economists expect inflation to fall in 2025 expect underlying inflation trend to fall


Question: Gas prices dropping 2025

Inflation’s on the decline

Lee 12-31-24 [Anne Marie Lee, editor for CBS MoneyWatch, “Gas prices recede and could continue dropping in 2025, forecast finds,” 12-31-24, CBS News, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2025-predictions-gas-prices-us/]

expect lower gas prices as inflation eases amid booming domestic oil production After few weeks of rising prices national average reversed declining as we close out 2024 provide relief for consumers, who grapple with elevated prices economists expect inflation to fall in 2025 expect underlying inflation trend to fall


Question: inflation eases amid booming production

Inflation’s on the decline

Lee 12-31-24 [Anne Marie Lee, editor for CBS MoneyWatch, “Gas prices recede and could continue dropping in 2025, forecast finds,” 12-31-24, CBS News, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2025-predictions-gas-prices-us/]

expect lower gas prices as inflation eases amid booming domestic oil production After few weeks of rising prices national average reversed declining as we close out 2024 provide relief for consumers, who grapple with elevated prices economists expect inflation to fall in 2025 expect underlying inflation trend to fall


Question: economists expect inflation to fall

Inflation’s on the decline

Lee 12-31-24 [Anne Marie Lee, editor for CBS MoneyWatch, “Gas prices recede and could continue dropping in 2025, forecast finds,” 12-31-24, CBS News, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2025-predictions-gas-prices-us/]

expect lower gas prices as inflation eases amid booming domestic oil production After few weeks of rising prices national average reversed declining as we close out 2024 provide relief for consumers, who grapple with elevated prices economists expect inflation to fall in 2025 expect underlying inflation trend to fall


Question: Cost institutional and infrastructure barriers

Cost, institutional, and infrastructure barriers overwhelm transition incentives from tax

Patt 18 [Professor Dr. Anthony Patt, head of the Climate Policy Group in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, PhD from Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group III in the IPCC; and Professor Dr. Johan Lillestam, head of the Renewable Energy Policy Group in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, “The Case against Carbon Prices,” Joule 2, p. 2487-2510, 12-19-18, OCR errors manually corrected, https://www.cell.com/joule/pdf/S2542-4351(18)30567-1.pdf] [language modified]

growing number of energy scholars , suggests carbon prices do not address challenges of transition first barrier is cost takes time to scale up supply chains for new tech involving new market entrants  with limited reserves , meaning price differential starts large carbon price [inhibited industry dramatically raised pri-ces. second barrier is mismatch between tech and infra major elements of grid need to be replaced also  need new infrastructures , such as storage Infra is not something carbon prices address third barrier is institutional Under current power market shares of wind and PV pushed prices below zero reduces profits Carbon prices do not address this counter-arg prices trigger investment in low-carbon tec h study found effect extremely limited carbon prices are outdated barrier to change that prices address cost of renewable is ceasing to be relevant


Question: Patt and Lillestam 18

Cost, institutional, and infrastructure barriers overwhelm transition incentives from tax

Patt 18 [Professor Dr. Anthony Patt, head of the Climate Policy Group in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, PhD from Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group III in the IPCC; and Professor Dr. Johan Lillestam, head of the Renewable Energy Policy Group in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, “The Case against Carbon Prices,” Joule 2, p. 2487-2510, 12-19-18, OCR errors manually corrected, https://www.cell.com/joule/pdf/S2542-4351(18)30567-1.pdf] [language modified]

growing number of energy scholars , suggests carbon prices do not address challenges of transition first barrier is cost takes time to scale up supply chains for new tech involving new market entrants  with limited reserves , meaning price differential starts large carbon price [inhibited industry dramatically raised pri-ces. second barrier is mismatch between tech and infra major elements of grid need to be replaced also  need new infrastructures , such as storage Infra is not something carbon prices address third barrier is institutional Under current power market shares of wind and PV pushed prices below zero reduces profits Carbon prices do not address this counter-arg prices trigger investment in low-carbon tec h study found effect extremely limited carbon prices are outdated barrier to change that prices address cost of renewable is ceasing to be relevant


Question: carbon prices do not address challenges

Cost, institutional, and infrastructure barriers overwhelm transition incentives from tax

Patt 18 [Professor Dr. Anthony Patt, head of the Climate Policy Group in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, PhD from Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group III in the IPCC; and Professor Dr. Johan Lillestam, head of the Renewable Energy Policy Group in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, “The Case against Carbon Prices,” Joule 2, p. 2487-2510, 12-19-18, OCR errors manually corrected, https://www.cell.com/joule/pdf/S2542-4351(18)30567-1.pdf] [language modified]

growing number of energy scholars , suggests carbon prices do not address challenges of transition first barrier is cost takes time to scale up supply chains for new tech involving new market entrants  with limited reserves , meaning price differential starts large carbon price [inhibited industry dramatically raised pri-ces. second barrier is mismatch between tech and infra major elements of grid need to be replaced also  need new infrastructures , such as storage Infra is not something carbon prices address third barrier is institutional Under current power market shares of wind and PV pushed prices below zero reduces profits Carbon prices do not address this counter-arg prices trigger investment in low-carbon tec h study found effect extremely limited carbon prices are outdated barrier to change that prices address cost of renewable is ceasing to be relevant


Question: barriers overwhelm transition incentives

Cost, institutional, and infrastructure barriers overwhelm transition incentives from tax

Patt 18 [Professor Dr. Anthony Patt, head of the Climate Policy Group in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, PhD from Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group III in the IPCC; and Professor Dr. Johan Lillestam, head of the Renewable Energy Policy Group in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, “The Case against Carbon Prices,” Joule 2, p. 2487-2510, 12-19-18, OCR errors manually corrected, https://www.cell.com/joule/pdf/S2542-4351(18)30567-1.pdf] [language modified]

growing number of energy scholars , suggests carbon prices do not address challenges of transition first barrier is cost takes time to scale up supply chains for new tech involving new market entrants  with limited reserves , meaning price differential starts large carbon price [inhibited industry dramatically raised pri-ces. second barrier is mismatch between tech and infra major elements of grid need to be replaced also  need new infrastructures , such as storage Infra is not something carbon prices address third barrier is institutional Under current power market shares of wind and PV pushed prices below zero reduces profits Carbon prices do not address this counter-arg prices trigger investment in low-carbon tec h study found effect extremely limited carbon prices are outdated barrier to change that prices address cost of renewable is ceasing to be relevant


Question: Renewable energy policy

Cost, institutional, and infrastructure barriers overwhelm transition incentives from tax

Patt 18 [Professor Dr. Anthony Patt, head of the Climate Policy Group in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, PhD from Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group III in the IPCC; and Professor Dr. Johan Lillestam, head of the Renewable Energy Policy Group in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, “The Case against Carbon Prices,” Joule 2, p. 2487-2510, 12-19-18, OCR errors manually corrected, https://www.cell.com/joule/pdf/S2542-4351(18)30567-1.pdf] [language modified]

growing number of energy scholars , suggests carbon prices do not address challenges of transition first barrier is cost takes time to scale up supply chains for new tech involving new market entrants  with limited reserves , meaning price differential starts large carbon price [inhibited industry dramatically raised pri-ces. second barrier is mismatch between tech and infra major elements of grid need to be replaced also  need new infrastructures , such as storage Infra is not something carbon prices address third barrier is institutional Under current power market shares of wind and PV pushed prices below zero reduces profits Carbon prices do not address this counter-arg prices trigger investment in low-carbon tec h study found effect extremely limited carbon prices are outdated barrier to change that prices address cost of renewable is ceasing to be relevant


Question: carbon prices outdated barrier

Cost, institutional, and infrastructure barriers overwhelm transition incentives from tax

Patt 18 [Professor Dr. Anthony Patt, head of the Climate Policy Group in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, PhD from Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group III in the IPCC; and Professor Dr. Johan Lillestam, head of the Renewable Energy Policy Group in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, “The Case against Carbon Prices,” Joule 2, p. 2487-2510, 12-19-18, OCR errors manually corrected, https://www.cell.com/joule/pdf/S2542-4351(18)30567-1.pdf] [language modified]

growing number of energy scholars , suggests carbon prices do not address challenges of transition first barrier is cost takes time to scale up supply chains for new tech involving new market entrants  with limited reserves , meaning price differential starts large carbon price [inhibited industry dramatically raised pri-ces. second barrier is mismatch between tech and infra major elements of grid need to be replaced also  need new infrastructures , such as storage Infra is not something carbon prices address third barrier is institutional Under current power market shares of wind and PV pushed prices below zero reduces profits Carbon prices do not address this counter-arg prices trigger investment in low-carbon tec h study found effect extremely limited carbon prices are outdated barrier to change that prices address cost of renewable is ceasing to be relevant


Question: mismatch between tech and infra

Cost, institutional, and infrastructure barriers overwhelm transition incentives from tax

Patt 18 [Professor Dr. Anthony Patt, head of the Climate Policy Group in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, PhD from Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group III in the IPCC; and Professor Dr. Johan Lillestam, head of the Renewable Energy Policy Group in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, “The Case against Carbon Prices,” Joule 2, p. 2487-2510, 12-19-18, OCR errors manually corrected, https://www.cell.com/joule/pdf/S2542-4351(18)30567-1.pdf] [language modified]

growing number of energy scholars , suggests carbon prices do not address challenges of transition first barrier is cost takes time to scale up supply chains for new tech involving new market entrants  with limited reserves , meaning price differential starts large carbon price [inhibited industry dramatically raised pri-ces. second barrier is mismatch between tech and infra major elements of grid need to be replaced also  need new infrastructures , such as storage Infra is not something carbon prices address third barrier is institutional Under current power market shares of wind and PV pushed prices below zero reduces profits Carbon prices do not address this counter-arg prices trigger investment in low-carbon tec h study found effect extremely limited carbon prices are outdated barrier to change that prices address cost of renewable is ceasing to be relevant


Question: CP deters election interference

The CP deters AND prevents election interference.

Tisler ’23 [Derek and Lawrence Norden; April 27; counsel, B.A. in economics, Michigan State University, J.D., University of Chicago Law School; Vice President, J.D., NYU School of Law, former chair of the Ohio secretary of state’s bipartisan Election Summit and Conference; Brennan Center, “Securing the 2024 Election,” https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/policy-solutions/securing-2024-election]

CISA along with EAC FBI , and other agencies direct more resources DOJ task force on election bolster its relationships with and provide guidance to local enforcement legislatures make it easier for officials to combat lies, protect workers and guard against cyber laws give officials flexibility to count faster , expand protections restrictions from tampering preempt misinfo adopt measures to prevent insider threats


Question: Tisler 2023

The CP deters AND prevents election interference.

Tisler ’23 [Derek and Lawrence Norden; April 27; counsel, B.A. in economics, Michigan State University, J.D., University of Chicago Law School; Vice President, J.D., NYU School of Law, former chair of the Ohio secretary of state’s bipartisan Election Summit and Conference; Brennan Center, “Securing the 2024 Election,” https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/policy-solutions/securing-2024-election]

CISA along with EAC FBI , and other agencies direct more resources DOJ task force on election bolster its relationships with and provide guidance to local enforcement legislatures make it easier for officials to combat lies, protect workers and guard against cyber laws give officials flexibility to count faster , expand protections restrictions from tampering preempt misinfo adopt measures to prevent insider threats


Question: Derek Tisler

The CP deters AND prevents election interference.

Tisler ’23 [Derek and Lawrence Norden; April 27; counsel, B.A. in economics, Michigan State University, J.D., University of Chicago Law School; Vice President, J.D., NYU School of Law, former chair of the Ohio secretary of state’s bipartisan Election Summit and Conference; Brennan Center, “Securing the 2024 Election,” https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/policy-solutions/securing-2024-election]

CISA along with EAC FBI , and other agencies direct more resources DOJ task force on election bolster its relationships with and provide guidance to local enforcement legislatures make it easier for officials to combat lies, protect workers and guard against cyber laws give officials flexibility to count faster , expand protections restrictions from tampering preempt misinfo adopt measures to prevent insider threats


Question: CISA election guidance

The CP deters AND prevents election interference.

Tisler ’23 [Derek and Lawrence Norden; April 27; counsel, B.A. in economics, Michigan State University, J.D., University of Chicago Law School; Vice President, J.D., NYU School of Law, former chair of the Ohio secretary of state’s bipartisan Election Summit and Conference; Brennan Center, “Securing the 2024 Election,” https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/policy-solutions/securing-2024-election]

CISA along with EAC FBI , and other agencies direct more resources DOJ task force on election bolster its relationships with and provide guidance to local enforcement legislatures make it easier for officials to combat lies, protect workers and guard against cyber laws give officials flexibility to count faster , expand protections restrictions from tampering preempt misinfo adopt measures to prevent insider threats


Question: prevent insider threats

The CP deters AND prevents election interference.

Tisler ’23 [Derek and Lawrence Norden; April 27; counsel, B.A. in economics, Michigan State University, J.D., University of Chicago Law School; Vice President, J.D., NYU School of Law, former chair of the Ohio secretary of state’s bipartisan Election Summit and Conference; Brennan Center, “Securing the 2024 Election,” https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/policy-solutions/securing-2024-election]

CISA along with EAC FBI , and other agencies direct more resources DOJ task force on election bolster its relationships with and provide guidance to local enforcement legislatures make it easier for officials to combat lies, protect workers and guard against cyber laws give officials flexibility to count faster , expand protections restrictions from tampering preempt misinfo adopt measures to prevent insider threats


Question: EAC FBI resources

The CP deters AND prevents election interference.

Tisler ’23 [Derek and Lawrence Norden; April 27; counsel, B.A. in economics, Michigan State University, J.D., University of Chicago Law School; Vice President, J.D., NYU School of Law, former chair of the Ohio secretary of state’s bipartisan Election Summit and Conference; Brennan Center, “Securing the 2024 Election,” https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/policy-solutions/securing-2024-election]

CISA along with EAC FBI , and other agencies direct more resources DOJ task force on election bolster its relationships with and provide guidance to local enforcement legislatures make it easier for officials to combat lies, protect workers and guard against cyber laws give officials flexibility to count faster , expand protections restrictions from tampering preempt misinfo adopt measures to prevent insider threats


Question: DOJ election task force

The CP deters AND prevents election interference.

Tisler ’23 [Derek and Lawrence Norden; April 27; counsel, B.A. in economics, Michigan State University, J.D., University of Chicago Law School; Vice President, J.D., NYU School of Law, former chair of the Ohio secretary of state’s bipartisan Election Summit and Conference; Brennan Center, “Securing the 2024 Election,” https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/policy-solutions/securing-2024-election]

CISA along with EAC FBI , and other agencies direct more resources DOJ task force on election bolster its relationships with and provide guidance to local enforcement legislatures make it easier for officials to combat lies, protect workers and guard against cyber laws give officials flexibility to count faster , expand protections restrictions from tampering preempt misinfo adopt measures to prevent insider threats


Question: CP solves avoids transaction costs

The CP solves---avoids high transaction costs

1AC Matsuda 23

procedural downsides may outweigh benefits determining the social cost of g h g requires estimates and resources, and expertise For some those increased transaction costs may become high To limit the impact transaction costs the  Council should establish a dollar threshold below which acquisitions are exempt from Requiring purchasing agencies for high dollar value contracts will maximize climate change mitigation while minimizing negative impacts on competition Purchases below $250,000 are subject to simplified contracting procedures exempting acquisitions below threshold will maximize mitigation efforts while minimizing sideeffects


Question: Matsuda 23

The CP solves---avoids high transaction costs

1AC Matsuda 23

procedural downsides may outweigh benefits determining the social cost of g h g requires estimates and resources, and expertise For some those increased transaction costs may become high To limit the impact transaction costs the  Council should establish a dollar threshold below which acquisitions are exempt from Requiring purchasing agencies for high dollar value contracts will maximize climate change mitigation while minimizing negative impacts on competition Purchases below $250,000 are subject to simplified contracting procedures exempting acquisitions below threshold will maximize mitigation efforts while minimizing sideeffects


Question: transaction costs too high

The CP solves---avoids high transaction costs

1AC Matsuda 23

procedural downsides may outweigh benefits determining the social cost of g h g requires estimates and resources, and expertise For some those increased transaction costs may become high To limit the impact transaction costs the  Council should establish a dollar threshold below which acquisitions are exempt from Requiring purchasing agencies for high dollar value contracts will maximize climate change mitigation while minimizing negative impacts on competition Purchases below $250,000 are subject to simplified contracting procedures exempting acquisitions below threshold will maximize mitigation efforts while minimizing sideeffects


Question: procedural downsides outweigh benefits

The CP solves---avoids high transaction costs

1AC Matsuda 23

procedural downsides may outweigh benefits determining the social cost of g h g requires estimates and resources, and expertise For some those increased transaction costs may become high To limit the impact transaction costs the  Council should establish a dollar threshold below which acquisitions are exempt from Requiring purchasing agencies for high dollar value contracts will maximize climate change mitigation while minimizing negative impacts on competition Purchases below $250,000 are subject to simplified contracting procedures exempting acquisitions below threshold will maximize mitigation efforts while minimizing sideeffects


Question: Council establish a dollar threshold

The CP solves---avoids high transaction costs

1AC Matsuda 23

procedural downsides may outweigh benefits determining the social cost of g h g requires estimates and resources, and expertise For some those increased transaction costs may become high To limit the impact transaction costs the  Council should establish a dollar threshold below which acquisitions are exempt from Requiring purchasing agencies for high dollar value contracts will maximize climate change mitigation while minimizing negative impacts on competition Purchases below $250,000 are subject to simplified contracting procedures exempting acquisitions below threshold will maximize mitigation efforts while minimizing sideeffects


Question: purchases below $250,000

The CP solves---avoids high transaction costs

1AC Matsuda 23

procedural downsides may outweigh benefits determining the social cost of g h g requires estimates and resources, and expertise For some those increased transaction costs may become high To limit the impact transaction costs the  Council should establish a dollar threshold below which acquisitions are exempt from Requiring purchasing agencies for high dollar value contracts will maximize climate change mitigation while minimizing negative impacts on competition Purchases below $250,000 are subject to simplified contracting procedures exempting acquisitions below threshold will maximize mitigation efforts while minimizing sideeffects


Question: high transaction costs

The CP solves---avoids high transaction costs

1AC Matsuda 23

procedural downsides may outweigh benefits determining the social cost of g h g requires estimates and resources, and expertise For some those increased transaction costs may become high To limit the impact transaction costs the  Council should establish a dollar threshold below which acquisitions are exempt from Requiring purchasing agencies for high dollar value contracts will maximize climate change mitigation while minimizing negative impacts on competition Purchases below $250,000 are subject to simplified contracting procedures exempting acquisitions below threshold will maximize mitigation efforts while minimizing sideeffects


Question: limit the impact transaction costs

The CP solves---avoids high transaction costs

1AC Matsuda 23

procedural downsides may outweigh benefits determining the social cost of g h g requires estimates and resources, and expertise For some those increased transaction costs may become high To limit the impact transaction costs the  Council should establish a dollar threshold below which acquisitions are exempt from Requiring purchasing agencies for high dollar value contracts will maximize climate change mitigation while minimizing negative impacts on competition Purchases below $250,000 are subject to simplified contracting procedures exempting acquisitions below threshold will maximize mitigation efforts while minimizing sideeffects


Question: Climate realism solves terminal impact

Climate realism solves the terminal impact.

Molly M. King 22. Santa Clara University, “Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate Justice”. King, M. M., & Gregg, M. A. (2022). Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate justice. Sociology Compass, 16(1), e12954. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12954

environmental features constructed to neglect disadvantage people with disabilities Once vulnerabilities are identified relevant adaptive characteristics can be identified Identifying risks is useful to understand how disproportionately affected populations address vulnerability the critical realist model enhances our understanding of climate justice strating how vulnerable communities can adapt to climate change institutional transformation to reduce bodily, environmental, social, and economic vulnerabilities better information that leads accurate risk assessment policy actions support capacity and resilience.


Question: Molly King 22

Climate realism solves the terminal impact.

Molly M. King 22. Santa Clara University, “Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate Justice”. King, M. M., & Gregg, M. A. (2022). Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate justice. Sociology Compass, 16(1), e12954. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12954

environmental features constructed to neglect disadvantage people with disabilities Once vulnerabilities are identified relevant adaptive characteristics can be identified Identifying risks is useful to understand how disproportionately affected populations address vulnerability the critical realist model enhances our understanding of climate justice strating how vulnerable communities can adapt to climate change institutional transformation to reduce bodily, environmental, social, and economic vulnerabilities better information that leads accurate risk assessment policy actions support capacity and resilience.


Question: disability and climate change

Climate realism solves the terminal impact.

Molly M. King 22. Santa Clara University, “Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate Justice”. King, M. M., & Gregg, M. A. (2022). Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate justice. Sociology Compass, 16(1), e12954. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12954

environmental features constructed to neglect disadvantage people with disabilities Once vulnerabilities are identified relevant adaptive characteristics can be identified Identifying risks is useful to understand how disproportionately affected populations address vulnerability the critical realist model enhances our understanding of climate justice strating how vulnerable communities can adapt to climate change institutional transformation to reduce bodily, environmental, social, and economic vulnerabilities better information that leads accurate risk assessment policy actions support capacity and resilience.


Question: critical realist model

Climate realism solves the terminal impact.

Molly M. King 22. Santa Clara University, “Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate Justice”. King, M. M., & Gregg, M. A. (2022). Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate justice. Sociology Compass, 16(1), e12954. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12954

environmental features constructed to neglect disadvantage people with disabilities Once vulnerabilities are identified relevant adaptive characteristics can be identified Identifying risks is useful to understand how disproportionately affected populations address vulnerability the critical realist model enhances our understanding of climate justice strating how vulnerable communities can adapt to climate change institutional transformation to reduce bodily, environmental, social, and economic vulnerabilities better information that leads accurate risk assessment policy actions support capacity and resilience.


Question: vulnerable populations adapt

Climate realism solves the terminal impact.

Molly M. King 22. Santa Clara University, “Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate Justice”. King, M. M., & Gregg, M. A. (2022). Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate justice. Sociology Compass, 16(1), e12954. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12954

environmental features constructed to neglect disadvantage people with disabilities Once vulnerabilities are identified relevant adaptive characteristics can be identified Identifying risks is useful to understand how disproportionately affected populations address vulnerability the critical realist model enhances our understanding of climate justice strating how vulnerable communities can adapt to climate change institutional transformation to reduce bodily, environmental, social, and economic vulnerabilities better information that leads accurate risk assessment policy actions support capacity and resilience.


Question: environmental features neglect disabled

Climate realism solves the terminal impact.

Molly M. King 22. Santa Clara University, “Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate Justice”. King, M. M., & Gregg, M. A. (2022). Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate justice. Sociology Compass, 16(1), e12954. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12954

environmental features constructed to neglect disadvantage people with disabilities Once vulnerabilities are identified relevant adaptive characteristics can be identified Identifying risks is useful to understand how disproportionately affected populations address vulnerability the critical realist model enhances our understanding of climate justice strating how vulnerable communities can adapt to climate change institutional transformation to reduce bodily, environmental, social, and economic vulnerabilities better information that leads accurate risk assessment policy actions support capacity and resilience.


Question: risk assessment policy actions

Climate realism solves the terminal impact.

Molly M. King 22. Santa Clara University, “Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate Justice”. King, M. M., & Gregg, M. A. (2022). Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate justice. Sociology Compass, 16(1), e12954. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12954

environmental features constructed to neglect disadvantage people with disabilities Once vulnerabilities are identified relevant adaptive characteristics can be identified Identifying risks is useful to understand how disproportionately affected populations address vulnerability the critical realist model enhances our understanding of climate justice strating how vulnerable communities can adapt to climate change institutional transformation to reduce bodily, environmental, social, and economic vulnerabilities better information that leads accurate risk assessment policy actions support capacity and resilience.


Question: GOP unity shattered

The plan specifically shatters GOP Unity.

Picon ‘24 – et al; Andres Picon covers Congress and energy policy for E&E/Politco. He previously was a POLITICO fellow. He came to POLITICO from the San Francisco Chronicle, where he was a general assignment reporter. “What Congress must get done during the lame duck” - Environment and Energy Daily, Politico/E&E Daily  – Nov 11th –  https://www.eenews.net/articles/what-congress-must-get-done-during-the-lame-duck/

some of Congress’ thorniest priorities  such as energy permitting could get kicked to the new year , when a Republican trifecta can have its say on funding levels and policy. More bipartisan efforts and the annual defense policy bill are likely to be wrapped up before Christmas But there’s uncertainty. prospects of Manchin’s compromise permitting package diminished considerably after Republicans swept The bill, includes provisions for oil and climate hawks alike But the Republican trifecta makes what was already a difficult path forward even more arduous That’s because Republicans have long been wary of legislating transmission because it would embolden federal regulators over state planners Now, Hill aides, lobbyists and observers doubt Republicans would be willing to make a deal on permitting in the lame duck. Not much incentive for the House to take up anything they can just write their own permitting reform bill, focus it on fossil expansion intro it next year


Question: Picon '24

The plan specifically shatters GOP Unity.

Picon ‘24 – et al; Andres Picon covers Congress and energy policy for E&E/Politco. He previously was a POLITICO fellow. He came to POLITICO from the San Francisco Chronicle, where he was a general assignment reporter. “What Congress must get done during the lame duck” - Environment and Energy Daily, Politico/E&E Daily  – Nov 11th –  https://www.eenews.net/articles/what-congress-must-get-done-during-the-lame-duck/

some of Congress’ thorniest priorities  such as energy permitting could get kicked to the new year , when a Republican trifecta can have its say on funding levels and policy. More bipartisan efforts and the annual defense policy bill are likely to be wrapped up before Christmas But there’s uncertainty. prospects of Manchin’s compromise permitting package diminished considerably after Republicans swept The bill, includes provisions for oil and climate hawks alike But the Republican trifecta makes what was already a difficult path forward even more arduous That’s because Republicans have long been wary of legislating transmission because it would embolden federal regulators over state planners Now, Hill aides, lobbyists and observers doubt Republicans would be willing to make a deal on permitting in the lame duck. Not much incentive for the House to take up anything they can just write their own permitting reform bill, focus it on fossil expansion intro it next year


Question: Picon politico

The plan specifically shatters GOP Unity.

Picon ‘24 – et al; Andres Picon covers Congress and energy policy for E&E/Politco. He previously was a POLITICO fellow. He came to POLITICO from the San Francisco Chronicle, where he was a general assignment reporter. “What Congress must get done during the lame duck” - Environment and Energy Daily, Politico/E&E Daily  – Nov 11th –  https://www.eenews.net/articles/what-congress-must-get-done-during-the-lame-duck/

some of Congress’ thorniest priorities  such as energy permitting could get kicked to the new year , when a Republican trifecta can have its say on funding levels and policy. More bipartisan efforts and the annual defense policy bill are likely to be wrapped up before Christmas But there’s uncertainty. prospects of Manchin’s compromise permitting package diminished considerably after Republicans swept The bill, includes provisions for oil and climate hawks alike But the Republican trifecta makes what was already a difficult path forward even more arduous That’s because Republicans have long been wary of legislating transmission because it would embolden federal regulators over state planners Now, Hill aides, lobbyists and observers doubt Republicans would be willing to make a deal on permitting in the lame duck. Not much incentive for the House to take up anything they can just write their own permitting reform bill, focus it on fossil expansion intro it next year


Question: Manchin's compromise permitting package

The plan specifically shatters GOP Unity.

Picon ‘24 – et al; Andres Picon covers Congress and energy policy for E&E/Politco. He previously was a POLITICO fellow. He came to POLITICO from the San Francisco Chronicle, where he was a general assignment reporter. “What Congress must get done during the lame duck” - Environment and Energy Daily, Politico/E&E Daily  – Nov 11th –  https://www.eenews.net/articles/what-congress-must-get-done-during-the-lame-duck/

some of Congress’ thorniest priorities  such as energy permitting could get kicked to the new year , when a Republican trifecta can have its say on funding levels and policy. More bipartisan efforts and the annual defense policy bill are likely to be wrapped up before Christmas But there’s uncertainty. prospects of Manchin’s compromise permitting package diminished considerably after Republicans swept The bill, includes provisions for oil and climate hawks alike But the Republican trifecta makes what was already a difficult path forward even more arduous That’s because Republicans have long been wary of legislating transmission because it would embolden federal regulators over state planners Now, Hill aides, lobbyists and observers doubt Republicans would be willing to make a deal on permitting in the lame duck. Not much incentive for the House to take up anything they can just write their own permitting reform bill, focus it on fossil expansion intro it next year


Question: Republican trifecta

The plan specifically shatters GOP Unity.

Picon ‘24 – et al; Andres Picon covers Congress and energy policy for E&E/Politco. He previously was a POLITICO fellow. He came to POLITICO from the San Francisco Chronicle, where he was a general assignment reporter. “What Congress must get done during the lame duck” - Environment and Energy Daily, Politico/E&E Daily  – Nov 11th –  https://www.eenews.net/articles/what-congress-must-get-done-during-the-lame-duck/

some of Congress’ thorniest priorities  such as energy permitting could get kicked to the new year , when a Republican trifecta can have its say on funding levels and policy. More bipartisan efforts and the annual defense policy bill are likely to be wrapped up before Christmas But there’s uncertainty. prospects of Manchin’s compromise permitting package diminished considerably after Republicans swept The bill, includes provisions for oil and climate hawks alike But the Republican trifecta makes what was already a difficult path forward even more arduous That’s because Republicans have long been wary of legislating transmission because it would embolden federal regulators over state planners Now, Hill aides, lobbyists and observers doubt Republicans would be willing to make a deal on permitting in the lame duck. Not much incentive for the House to take up anything they can just write their own permitting reform bill, focus it on fossil expansion intro it next year


Question: energy permitting

The plan specifically shatters GOP Unity.

Picon ‘24 – et al; Andres Picon covers Congress and energy policy for E&E/Politco. He previously was a POLITICO fellow. He came to POLITICO from the San Francisco Chronicle, where he was a general assignment reporter. “What Congress must get done during the lame duck” - Environment and Energy Daily, Politico/E&E Daily  – Nov 11th –  https://www.eenews.net/articles/what-congress-must-get-done-during-the-lame-duck/

some of Congress’ thorniest priorities  such as energy permitting could get kicked to the new year , when a Republican trifecta can have its say on funding levels and policy. More bipartisan efforts and the annual defense policy bill are likely to be wrapped up before Christmas But there’s uncertainty. prospects of Manchin’s compromise permitting package diminished considerably after Republicans swept The bill, includes provisions for oil and climate hawks alike But the Republican trifecta makes what was already a difficult path forward even more arduous That’s because Republicans have long been wary of legislating transmission because it would embolden federal regulators over state planners Now, Hill aides, lobbyists and observers doubt Republicans would be willing to make a deal on permitting in the lame duck. Not much incentive for the House to take up anything they can just write their own permitting reform bill, focus it on fossil expansion intro it next year


Question: GOP wary of transmission

The plan specifically shatters GOP Unity.

Picon ‘24 – et al; Andres Picon covers Congress and energy policy for E&E/Politco. He previously was a POLITICO fellow. He came to POLITICO from the San Francisco Chronicle, where he was a general assignment reporter. “What Congress must get done during the lame duck” - Environment and Energy Daily, Politico/E&E Daily  – Nov 11th –  https://www.eenews.net/articles/what-congress-must-get-done-during-the-lame-duck/

some of Congress’ thorniest priorities  such as energy permitting could get kicked to the new year , when a Republican trifecta can have its say on funding levels and policy. More bipartisan efforts and the annual defense policy bill are likely to be wrapped up before Christmas But there’s uncertainty. prospects of Manchin’s compromise permitting package diminished considerably after Republicans swept The bill, includes provisions for oil and climate hawks alike But the Republican trifecta makes what was already a difficult path forward even more arduous That’s because Republicans have long been wary of legislating transmission because it would embolden federal regulators over state planners Now, Hill aides, lobbyists and observers doubt Republicans would be willing to make a deal on permitting in the lame duck. Not much incentive for the House to take up anything they can just write their own permitting reform bill, focus it on fossil expansion intro it next year


Question: innumerable political hurdles

Say no---innumerable political, legal, and practical hurdles---the CP is the status quo!

Robert D. Anderson et al. 23, Honorary Professor, School of Law, University of Nottingham (UK) and formerly Senior Counsellor and Team Leader for Government Procurement and Competition Policy, World Trade Organization (WTO), Antonella Salgueiro, Attorney and former WTO Young Professional, Government Procurement and Competition Policy Division, World Trade Organization, Steven L. Schooner, Nash & Cibinic Professor of Government Procurement Law, The George Washington University Law School, Marc Steiner, Judge at the Swiss Federal Administrative Court, and formerly expert of the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection of the European Parliament, 2023, “Deploying the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) to Enhance Sustainability and Accelerate Climate Change Mitigation,” Public Procurement Law Review, 32(5), https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2951&context=faculty_publications

experts acknowledge innumerable political, legal, and practical hurdles impede green procurement Schooner bemoans although the FAR Council published an a n p r the Council appeared to be soliciting info rather than promulgating changes Nor is it encouraging that agencies such as the OFPP were not in the Climate Task Force aspects raise issues under trade agreements


Question: Anderson et al 23

Say no---innumerable political, legal, and practical hurdles---the CP is the status quo!

Robert D. Anderson et al. 23, Honorary Professor, School of Law, University of Nottingham (UK) and formerly Senior Counsellor and Team Leader for Government Procurement and Competition Policy, World Trade Organization (WTO), Antonella Salgueiro, Attorney and former WTO Young Professional, Government Procurement and Competition Policy Division, World Trade Organization, Steven L. Schooner, Nash & Cibinic Professor of Government Procurement Law, The George Washington University Law School, Marc Steiner, Judge at the Swiss Federal Administrative Court, and formerly expert of the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection of the European Parliament, 2023, “Deploying the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) to Enhance Sustainability and Accelerate Climate Change Mitigation,” Public Procurement Law Review, 32(5), https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2951&context=faculty_publications

experts acknowledge innumerable political, legal, and practical hurdles impede green procurement Schooner bemoans although the FAR Council published an a n p r the Council appeared to be soliciting info rather than promulgating changes Nor is it encouraging that agencies such as the OFPP were not in the Climate Task Force aspects raise issues under trade agreements


Question: Robert D. Anderson

Say no---innumerable political, legal, and practical hurdles---the CP is the status quo!

Robert D. Anderson et al. 23, Honorary Professor, School of Law, University of Nottingham (UK) and formerly Senior Counsellor and Team Leader for Government Procurement and Competition Policy, World Trade Organization (WTO), Antonella Salgueiro, Attorney and former WTO Young Professional, Government Procurement and Competition Policy Division, World Trade Organization, Steven L. Schooner, Nash & Cibinic Professor of Government Procurement Law, The George Washington University Law School, Marc Steiner, Judge at the Swiss Federal Administrative Court, and formerly expert of the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection of the European Parliament, 2023, “Deploying the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) to Enhance Sustainability and Accelerate Climate Change Mitigation,” Public Procurement Law Review, 32(5), https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2951&context=faculty_publications

experts acknowledge innumerable political, legal, and practical hurdles impede green procurement Schooner bemoans although the FAR Council published an a n p r the Council appeared to be soliciting info rather than promulgating changes Nor is it encouraging that agencies such as the OFPP were not in the Climate Task Force aspects raise issues under trade agreements


Question: hurdles impede green procurement

Say no---innumerable political, legal, and practical hurdles---the CP is the status quo!

Robert D. Anderson et al. 23, Honorary Professor, School of Law, University of Nottingham (UK) and formerly Senior Counsellor and Team Leader for Government Procurement and Competition Policy, World Trade Organization (WTO), Antonella Salgueiro, Attorney and former WTO Young Professional, Government Procurement and Competition Policy Division, World Trade Organization, Steven L. Schooner, Nash & Cibinic Professor of Government Procurement Law, The George Washington University Law School, Marc Steiner, Judge at the Swiss Federal Administrative Court, and formerly expert of the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection of the European Parliament, 2023, “Deploying the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) to Enhance Sustainability and Accelerate Climate Change Mitigation,” Public Procurement Law Review, 32(5), https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2951&context=faculty_publications

experts acknowledge innumerable political, legal, and practical hurdles impede green procurement Schooner bemoans although the FAR Council published an a n p r the Council appeared to be soliciting info rather than promulgating changes Nor is it encouraging that agencies such as the OFPP were not in the Climate Task Force aspects raise issues under trade agreements


Question: CP is the status quo

Say no---innumerable political, legal, and practical hurdles---the CP is the status quo!

Robert D. Anderson et al. 23, Honorary Professor, School of Law, University of Nottingham (UK) and formerly Senior Counsellor and Team Leader for Government Procurement and Competition Policy, World Trade Organization (WTO), Antonella Salgueiro, Attorney and former WTO Young Professional, Government Procurement and Competition Policy Division, World Trade Organization, Steven L. Schooner, Nash & Cibinic Professor of Government Procurement Law, The George Washington University Law School, Marc Steiner, Judge at the Swiss Federal Administrative Court, and formerly expert of the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection of the European Parliament, 2023, “Deploying the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) to Enhance Sustainability and Accelerate Climate Change Mitigation,” Public Procurement Law Review, 32(5), https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2951&context=faculty_publications

experts acknowledge innumerable political, legal, and practical hurdles impede green procurement Schooner bemoans although the FAR Council published an a n p r the Council appeared to be soliciting info rather than promulgating changes Nor is it encouraging that agencies such as the OFPP were not in the Climate Task Force aspects raise issues under trade agreements


Question: political legal practical hurdles

Say no---innumerable political, legal, and practical hurdles---the CP is the status quo!

Robert D. Anderson et al. 23, Honorary Professor, School of Law, University of Nottingham (UK) and formerly Senior Counsellor and Team Leader for Government Procurement and Competition Policy, World Trade Organization (WTO), Antonella Salgueiro, Attorney and former WTO Young Professional, Government Procurement and Competition Policy Division, World Trade Organization, Steven L. Schooner, Nash & Cibinic Professor of Government Procurement Law, The George Washington University Law School, Marc Steiner, Judge at the Swiss Federal Administrative Court, and formerly expert of the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection of the European Parliament, 2023, “Deploying the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) to Enhance Sustainability and Accelerate Climate Change Mitigation,” Public Procurement Law Review, 32(5), https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2951&context=faculty_publications

experts acknowledge innumerable political, legal, and practical hurdles impede green procurement Schooner bemoans although the FAR Council published an a n p r the Council appeared to be soliciting info rather than promulgating changes Nor is it encouraging that agencies such as the OFPP were not in the Climate Task Force aspects raise issues under trade agreements


Question: green procurement impeded

Say no---innumerable political, legal, and practical hurdles---the CP is the status quo!

Robert D. Anderson et al. 23, Honorary Professor, School of Law, University of Nottingham (UK) and formerly Senior Counsellor and Team Leader for Government Procurement and Competition Policy, World Trade Organization (WTO), Antonella Salgueiro, Attorney and former WTO Young Professional, Government Procurement and Competition Policy Division, World Trade Organization, Steven L. Schooner, Nash & Cibinic Professor of Government Procurement Law, The George Washington University Law School, Marc Steiner, Judge at the Swiss Federal Administrative Court, and formerly expert of the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection of the European Parliament, 2023, “Deploying the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) to Enhance Sustainability and Accelerate Climate Change Mitigation,” Public Procurement Law Review, 32(5), https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2951&context=faculty_publications

experts acknowledge innumerable political, legal, and practical hurdles impede green procurement Schooner bemoans although the FAR Council published an a n p r the Council appeared to be soliciting info rather than promulgating changes Nor is it encouraging that agencies such as the OFPP were not in the Climate Task Force aspects raise issues under trade agreements


Question: Growth and resource consumption sustainable

Growth and resource consumption are sustainable. Innovation will decouple and solve ecological crises, and a transition away from capitalism fails and causes their impacts.

*responding to the new  2023 “the future is degrowth book by schmelzer et al., as well as most popular arguments by Hickel, Klein, Kallis, Greenspace, and 350.org

rate of global population growth has been in consistent decline population is going to peak then plateau or drop Meanwhile TFP has more than doubled Feudalism fascism waved the anti-capitalist banner cutting GDP per capita down to less than half would be equivalent to the 1970s a strange time to romanticize urban crisis was worsening result of capital flight , austerity , and racism pollution were bigger problems than t now industries were being deregulated with wages crashing Milanovic estimates Only 14 percent of people  s live at income less than this mean . would be austerity beyond dreams of Thatcher Suggestions for pulling off degrowth a society of endless rules and regulation even these reforms would hardly be enough  living standards will decline Klein writes crisis has its roots in the wealthiest absurdity revealed by analysis that found capita emissions actually fell from 90 to 15 degrowth suffers from two interconnected flaws First underestimates extent tech can decouple Examples abound US crop tonnage increased precision agriculture enabled inputs to decline digitization of goods and services Smart phones replaced devices Aluminum cans lighter . Building materials more flexible McAfee describes since around 1990 the US has been consuming less metals Hausfather found decoupling in 33 countries understatement to say predictions were inaccurate gold almost 400 percent larger silver more 200 percent larger haven’t come close to running out of energy or copper aluminum reserves are 25 times what they were degrowth ironically echoing libertarians Norway leader in electric vehicles largest historical drop in carbon intensity was France’s nuclear energy program Clean Water Act dramatically cut pollution Montreal Protocol reversed ozone layer depletion Yet growth continued global mining will have to greatly increase to produce energy transition minerals have to be sourced globally This will take growth not at all clear how this miracle can be accomplished Contrary to tedious stream of propaganda It is time for thinking big, not growing small


Question: Innovation will decouple ecological crises

Growth and resource consumption are sustainable. Innovation will decouple and solve ecological crises, and a transition away from capitalism fails and causes their impacts.

*responding to the new  2023 “the future is degrowth book by schmelzer et al., as well as most popular arguments by Hickel, Klein, Kallis, Greenspace, and 350.org

rate of global population growth has been in consistent decline population is going to peak then plateau or drop Meanwhile TFP has more than doubled Feudalism fascism waved the anti-capitalist banner cutting GDP per capita down to less than half would be equivalent to the 1970s a strange time to romanticize urban crisis was worsening result of capital flight , austerity , and racism pollution were bigger problems than t now industries were being deregulated with wages crashing Milanovic estimates Only 14 percent of people  s live at income less than this mean . would be austerity beyond dreams of Thatcher Suggestions for pulling off degrowth a society of endless rules and regulation even these reforms would hardly be enough  living standards will decline Klein writes crisis has its roots in the wealthiest absurdity revealed by analysis that found capita emissions actually fell from 90 to 15 degrowth suffers from two interconnected flaws First underestimates extent tech can decouple Examples abound US crop tonnage increased precision agriculture enabled inputs to decline digitization of goods and services Smart phones replaced devices Aluminum cans lighter . Building materials more flexible McAfee describes since around 1990 the US has been consuming less metals Hausfather found decoupling in 33 countries understatement to say predictions were inaccurate gold almost 400 percent larger silver more 200 percent larger haven’t come close to running out of energy or copper aluminum reserves are 25 times what they were degrowth ironically echoing libertarians Norway leader in electric vehicles largest historical drop in carbon intensity was France’s nuclear energy program Clean Water Act dramatically cut pollution Montreal Protocol reversed ozone layer depletion Yet growth continued global mining will have to greatly increase to produce energy transition minerals have to be sourced globally This will take growth not at all clear how this miracle can be accomplished Contrary to tedious stream of propaganda It is time for thinking big, not growing small


Question: Schmelzer et al

Growth and resource consumption are sustainable. Innovation will decouple and solve ecological crises, and a transition away from capitalism fails and causes their impacts.

*responding to the new  2023 “the future is degrowth book by schmelzer et al., as well as most popular arguments by Hickel, Klein, Kallis, Greenspace, and 350.org

rate of global population growth has been in consistent decline population is going to peak then plateau or drop Meanwhile TFP has more than doubled Feudalism fascism waved the anti-capitalist banner cutting GDP per capita down to less than half would be equivalent to the 1970s a strange time to romanticize urban crisis was worsening result of capital flight , austerity , and racism pollution were bigger problems than t now industries were being deregulated with wages crashing Milanovic estimates Only 14 percent of people  s live at income less than this mean . would be austerity beyond dreams of Thatcher Suggestions for pulling off degrowth a society of endless rules and regulation even these reforms would hardly be enough  living standards will decline Klein writes crisis has its roots in the wealthiest absurdity revealed by analysis that found capita emissions actually fell from 90 to 15 degrowth suffers from two interconnected flaws First underestimates extent tech can decouple Examples abound US crop tonnage increased precision agriculture enabled inputs to decline digitization of goods and services Smart phones replaced devices Aluminum cans lighter . Building materials more flexible McAfee describes since around 1990 the US has been consuming less metals Hausfather found decoupling in 33 countries understatement to say predictions were inaccurate gold almost 400 percent larger silver more 200 percent larger haven’t come close to running out of energy or copper aluminum reserves are 25 times what they were degrowth ironically echoing libertarians Norway leader in electric vehicles largest historical drop in carbon intensity was France’s nuclear energy program Clean Water Act dramatically cut pollution Montreal Protocol reversed ozone layer depletion Yet growth continued global mining will have to greatly increase to produce energy transition minerals have to be sourced globally This will take growth not at all clear how this miracle can be accomplished Contrary to tedious stream of propaganda It is time for thinking big, not growing small


Question: Degrowth transition fails

Growth and resource consumption are sustainable. Innovation will decouple and solve ecological crises, and a transition away from capitalism fails and causes their impacts.

*responding to the new  2023 “the future is degrowth book by schmelzer et al., as well as most popular arguments by Hickel, Klein, Kallis, Greenspace, and 350.org

rate of global population growth has been in consistent decline population is going to peak then plateau or drop Meanwhile TFP has more than doubled Feudalism fascism waved the anti-capitalist banner cutting GDP per capita down to less than half would be equivalent to the 1970s a strange time to romanticize urban crisis was worsening result of capital flight , austerity , and racism pollution were bigger problems than t now industries were being deregulated with wages crashing Milanovic estimates Only 14 percent of people  s live at income less than this mean . would be austerity beyond dreams of Thatcher Suggestions for pulling off degrowth a society of endless rules and regulation even these reforms would hardly be enough  living standards will decline Klein writes crisis has its roots in the wealthiest absurdity revealed by analysis that found capita emissions actually fell from 90 to 15 degrowth suffers from two interconnected flaws First underestimates extent tech can decouple Examples abound US crop tonnage increased precision agriculture enabled inputs to decline digitization of goods and services Smart phones replaced devices Aluminum cans lighter . Building materials more flexible McAfee describes since around 1990 the US has been consuming less metals Hausfather found decoupling in 33 countries understatement to say predictions were inaccurate gold almost 400 percent larger silver more 200 percent larger haven’t come close to running out of energy or copper aluminum reserves are 25 times what they were degrowth ironically echoing libertarians Norway leader in electric vehicles largest historical drop in carbon intensity was France’s nuclear energy program Clean Water Act dramatically cut pollution Montreal Protocol reversed ozone layer depletion Yet growth continued global mining will have to greatly increase to produce energy transition minerals have to be sourced globally This will take growth not at all clear how this miracle can be accomplished Contrary to tedious stream of propaganda It is time for thinking big, not growing small


Question: tech can decouple

Growth and resource consumption are sustainable. Innovation will decouple and solve ecological crises, and a transition away from capitalism fails and causes their impacts.

*responding to the new  2023 “the future is degrowth book by schmelzer et al., as well as most popular arguments by Hickel, Klein, Kallis, Greenspace, and 350.org

rate of global population growth has been in consistent decline population is going to peak then plateau or drop Meanwhile TFP has more than doubled Feudalism fascism waved the anti-capitalist banner cutting GDP per capita down to less than half would be equivalent to the 1970s a strange time to romanticize urban crisis was worsening result of capital flight , austerity , and racism pollution were bigger problems than t now industries were being deregulated with wages crashing Milanovic estimates Only 14 percent of people  s live at income less than this mean . would be austerity beyond dreams of Thatcher Suggestions for pulling off degrowth a society of endless rules and regulation even these reforms would hardly be enough  living standards will decline Klein writes crisis has its roots in the wealthiest absurdity revealed by analysis that found capita emissions actually fell from 90 to 15 degrowth suffers from two interconnected flaws First underestimates extent tech can decouple Examples abound US crop tonnage increased precision agriculture enabled inputs to decline digitization of goods and services Smart phones replaced devices Aluminum cans lighter . Building materials more flexible McAfee describes since around 1990 the US has been consuming less metals Hausfather found decoupling in 33 countries understatement to say predictions were inaccurate gold almost 400 percent larger silver more 200 percent larger haven’t come close to running out of energy or copper aluminum reserves are 25 times what they were degrowth ironically echoing libertarians Norway leader in electric vehicles largest historical drop in carbon intensity was France’s nuclear energy program Clean Water Act dramatically cut pollution Montreal Protocol reversed ozone layer depletion Yet growth continued global mining will have to greatly increase to produce energy transition minerals have to be sourced globally This will take growth not at all clear how this miracle can be accomplished Contrary to tedious stream of propaganda It is time for thinking big, not growing small


Question: US crop tonnage increased

Growth and resource consumption are sustainable. Innovation will decouple and solve ecological crises, and a transition away from capitalism fails and causes their impacts.

*responding to the new  2023 “the future is degrowth book by schmelzer et al., as well as most popular arguments by Hickel, Klein, Kallis, Greenspace, and 350.org

rate of global population growth has been in consistent decline population is going to peak then plateau or drop Meanwhile TFP has more than doubled Feudalism fascism waved the anti-capitalist banner cutting GDP per capita down to less than half would be equivalent to the 1970s a strange time to romanticize urban crisis was worsening result of capital flight , austerity , and racism pollution were bigger problems than t now industries were being deregulated with wages crashing Milanovic estimates Only 14 percent of people  s live at income less than this mean . would be austerity beyond dreams of Thatcher Suggestions for pulling off degrowth a society of endless rules and regulation even these reforms would hardly be enough  living standards will decline Klein writes crisis has its roots in the wealthiest absurdity revealed by analysis that found capita emissions actually fell from 90 to 15 degrowth suffers from two interconnected flaws First underestimates extent tech can decouple Examples abound US crop tonnage increased precision agriculture enabled inputs to decline digitization of goods and services Smart phones replaced devices Aluminum cans lighter . Building materials more flexible McAfee describes since around 1990 the US has been consuming less metals Hausfather found decoupling in 33 countries understatement to say predictions were inaccurate gold almost 400 percent larger silver more 200 percent larger haven’t come close to running out of energy or copper aluminum reserves are 25 times what they were degrowth ironically echoing libertarians Norway leader in electric vehicles largest historical drop in carbon intensity was France’s nuclear energy program Clean Water Act dramatically cut pollution Montreal Protocol reversed ozone layer depletion Yet growth continued global mining will have to greatly increase to produce energy transition minerals have to be sourced globally This will take growth not at all clear how this miracle can be accomplished Contrary to tedious stream of propaganda It is time for thinking big, not growing small


Question: global mining will have to increase

Growth and resource consumption are sustainable. Innovation will decouple and solve ecological crises, and a transition away from capitalism fails and causes their impacts.

*responding to the new  2023 “the future is degrowth book by schmelzer et al., as well as most popular arguments by Hickel, Klein, Kallis, Greenspace, and 350.org

rate of global population growth has been in consistent decline population is going to peak then plateau or drop Meanwhile TFP has more than doubled Feudalism fascism waved the anti-capitalist banner cutting GDP per capita down to less than half would be equivalent to the 1970s a strange time to romanticize urban crisis was worsening result of capital flight , austerity , and racism pollution were bigger problems than t now industries were being deregulated with wages crashing Milanovic estimates Only 14 percent of people  s live at income less than this mean . would be austerity beyond dreams of Thatcher Suggestions for pulling off degrowth a society of endless rules and regulation even these reforms would hardly be enough  living standards will decline Klein writes crisis has its roots in the wealthiest absurdity revealed by analysis that found capita emissions actually fell from 90 to 15 degrowth suffers from two interconnected flaws First underestimates extent tech can decouple Examples abound US crop tonnage increased precision agriculture enabled inputs to decline digitization of goods and services Smart phones replaced devices Aluminum cans lighter . Building materials more flexible McAfee describes since around 1990 the US has been consuming less metals Hausfather found decoupling in 33 countries understatement to say predictions were inaccurate gold almost 400 percent larger silver more 200 percent larger haven’t come close to running out of energy or copper aluminum reserves are 25 times what they were degrowth ironically echoing libertarians Norway leader in electric vehicles largest historical drop in carbon intensity was France’s nuclear energy program Clean Water Act dramatically cut pollution Montreal Protocol reversed ozone layer depletion Yet growth continued global mining will have to greatly increase to produce energy transition minerals have to be sourced globally This will take growth not at all clear how this miracle can be accomplished Contrary to tedious stream of propaganda It is time for thinking big, not growing small


Question: Trade is resilient

Trade is resilient and companies easily adapt.

Lincicome 23, Vice President of General Economics at Cato’s Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies, J.D., University of Virginia School of Law (Scott Lincicome, September 12, 2023, “Globalization Isn’t Going Anywhere,” CATO Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/globalization-isnt-going-anywhere#)

skeptics missed nuance because they understood globalization as a straight-line of trade instead of a changing web of actors doing business daily In reality, corporations are always balancing risk and adapting when factors change (which they regularly do ). supply shocks are as old as production itself seasoned pro s did not simply abandon trade when COVID and Ukraine hit . They adjusted . non-friendly countries alleviated bottlenecks even after massive shocks , business today is very global . just different rocks on shores proven incapable stopping ocean of globalization


Question: Lincicome 23

Trade is resilient and companies easily adapt.

Lincicome 23, Vice President of General Economics at Cato’s Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies, J.D., University of Virginia School of Law (Scott Lincicome, September 12, 2023, “Globalization Isn’t Going Anywhere,” CATO Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/globalization-isnt-going-anywhere#)

skeptics missed nuance because they understood globalization as a straight-line of trade instead of a changing web of actors doing business daily In reality, corporations are always balancing risk and adapting when factors change (which they regularly do ). supply shocks are as old as production itself seasoned pro s did not simply abandon trade when COVID and Ukraine hit . They adjusted . non-friendly countries alleviated bottlenecks even after massive shocks , business today is very global . just different rocks on shores proven incapable stopping ocean of globalization


Question: globalization isn't going anywhere

Trade is resilient and companies easily adapt.

Lincicome 23, Vice President of General Economics at Cato’s Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies, J.D., University of Virginia School of Law (Scott Lincicome, September 12, 2023, “Globalization Isn’t Going Anywhere,” CATO Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/globalization-isnt-going-anywhere#)

skeptics missed nuance because they understood globalization as a straight-line of trade instead of a changing web of actors doing business daily In reality, corporations are always balancing risk and adapting when factors change (which they regularly do ). supply shocks are as old as production itself seasoned pro s did not simply abandon trade when COVID and Ukraine hit . They adjusted . non-friendly countries alleviated bottlenecks even after massive shocks , business today is very global . just different rocks on shores proven incapable stopping ocean of globalization


Question: companies easily adapt

Trade is resilient and companies easily adapt.

Lincicome 23, Vice President of General Economics at Cato’s Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies, J.D., University of Virginia School of Law (Scott Lincicome, September 12, 2023, “Globalization Isn’t Going Anywhere,” CATO Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/globalization-isnt-going-anywhere#)

skeptics missed nuance because they understood globalization as a straight-line of trade instead of a changing web of actors doing business daily In reality, corporations are always balancing risk and adapting when factors change (which they regularly do ). supply shocks are as old as production itself seasoned pro s did not simply abandon trade when COVID and Ukraine hit . They adjusted . non-friendly countries alleviated bottlenecks even after massive shocks , business today is very global . just different rocks on shores proven incapable stopping ocean of globalization


Question: corporations are always balancing risk

Trade is resilient and companies easily adapt.

Lincicome 23, Vice President of General Economics at Cato’s Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies, J.D., University of Virginia School of Law (Scott Lincicome, September 12, 2023, “Globalization Isn’t Going Anywhere,” CATO Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/globalization-isnt-going-anywhere#)

skeptics missed nuance because they understood globalization as a straight-line of trade instead of a changing web of actors doing business daily In reality, corporations are always balancing risk and adapting when factors change (which they regularly do ). supply shocks are as old as production itself seasoned pro s did not simply abandon trade when COVID and Ukraine hit . They adjusted . non-friendly countries alleviated bottlenecks even after massive shocks , business today is very global . just different rocks on shores proven incapable stopping ocean of globalization


Question: supply shocks are old

Trade is resilient and companies easily adapt.

Lincicome 23, Vice President of General Economics at Cato’s Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies, J.D., University of Virginia School of Law (Scott Lincicome, September 12, 2023, “Globalization Isn’t Going Anywhere,” CATO Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/globalization-isnt-going-anywhere#)

skeptics missed nuance because they understood globalization as a straight-line of trade instead of a changing web of actors doing business daily In reality, corporations are always balancing risk and adapting when factors change (which they regularly do ). supply shocks are as old as production itself seasoned pro s did not simply abandon trade when COVID and Ukraine hit . They adjusted . non-friendly countries alleviated bottlenecks even after massive shocks , business today is very global . just different rocks on shores proven incapable stopping ocean of globalization


Question: Congress won't act

Congress won’t AND the executive is limited.

Michael Pappas 24, JD, Professor, Law, University of Colorado Law School, "The Structure of U.S. Climate Policy," Maryland Law Review, Vol. 83, No. 2, pg. 352, 2024, HeinOnline. [italics in original]

legislative inaction  and  judicial limits  on  exec action neither new nor updated emission reg unlikely a divided  fed legislature impose anti-reg strategies no ev of a federal legislative appetite for preempting state emissions reg s


Question: Michael Pappas 24

Congress won’t AND the executive is limited.

Michael Pappas 24, JD, Professor, Law, University of Colorado Law School, "The Structure of U.S. Climate Policy," Maryland Law Review, Vol. 83, No. 2, pg. 352, 2024, HeinOnline. [italics in original]

legislative inaction  and  judicial limits  on  exec action neither new nor updated emission reg unlikely a divided  fed legislature impose anti-reg strategies no ev of a federal legislative appetite for preempting state emissions reg s


Question: Congress and executive limited

Congress won’t AND the executive is limited.

Michael Pappas 24, JD, Professor, Law, University of Colorado Law School, "The Structure of U.S. Climate Policy," Maryland Law Review, Vol. 83, No. 2, pg. 352, 2024, HeinOnline. [italics in original]

legislative inaction  and  judicial limits  on  exec action neither new nor updated emission reg unlikely a divided  fed legislature impose anti-reg strategies no ev of a federal legislative appetite for preempting state emissions reg s


Question: legislative inaction climate

Congress won’t AND the executive is limited.

Michael Pappas 24, JD, Professor, Law, University of Colorado Law School, "The Structure of U.S. Climate Policy," Maryland Law Review, Vol. 83, No. 2, pg. 352, 2024, HeinOnline. [italics in original]

legislative inaction  and  judicial limits  on  exec action neither new nor updated emission reg unlikely a divided  fed legislature impose anti-reg strategies no ev of a federal legislative appetite for preempting state emissions reg s


Question: judicial limits executive action

Congress won’t AND the executive is limited.

Michael Pappas 24, JD, Professor, Law, University of Colorado Law School, "The Structure of U.S. Climate Policy," Maryland Law Review, Vol. 83, No. 2, pg. 352, 2024, HeinOnline. [italics in original]

legislative inaction  and  judicial limits  on  exec action neither new nor updated emission reg unlikely a divided  fed legislature impose anti-reg strategies no ev of a federal legislative appetite for preempting state emissions reg s


Question: no federal appetite emissions

Congress won’t AND the executive is limited.

Michael Pappas 24, JD, Professor, Law, University of Colorado Law School, "The Structure of U.S. Climate Policy," Maryland Law Review, Vol. 83, No. 2, pg. 352, 2024, HeinOnline. [italics in original]

legislative inaction  and  judicial limits  on  exec action neither new nor updated emission reg unlikely a divided  fed legislature impose anti-reg strategies no ev of a federal legislative appetite for preempting state emissions reg s