Question: assets lose money without ceasing

Impact is empirically denied

Mackenzie 21 [Kate; 10/1/21; writer for Bloomberg; "How the Finance World Started Turning Against Fossil Fuels," https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-01/how-the-finance-world-started-turning-against-fossil-fuels/]

Carbon Bubble report what it warned has come companies embraced policies they found absurd to write dow value Limitations come to light. assets can lose money without ceasing Many are protected plants enjoy dispute settlement


Question: companies embraced absurd policies

Impact is empirically denied

Mackenzie 21 [Kate; 10/1/21; writer for Bloomberg; "How the Finance World Started Turning Against Fossil Fuels," https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-01/how-the-finance-world-started-turning-against-fossil-fuels/]

Carbon Bubble report what it warned has come companies embraced policies they found absurd to write dow value Limitations come to light. assets can lose money without ceasing Many are protected plants enjoy dispute settlement


Question: Carbon Bubble report

Impact is empirically denied

Mackenzie 21 [Kate; 10/1/21; writer for Bloomberg; "How the Finance World Started Turning Against Fossil Fuels," https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-01/how-the-finance-world-started-turning-against-fossil-fuels/]

Carbon Bubble report what it warned has come companies embraced policies they found absurd to write dow value Limitations come to light. assets can lose money without ceasing Many are protected plants enjoy dispute settlement


Question: Finance world against fossil fuels

Impact is empirically denied

Mackenzie 21 [Kate; 10/1/21; writer for Bloomberg; "How the Finance World Started Turning Against Fossil Fuels," https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-01/how-the-finance-world-started-turning-against-fossil-fuels/]

Carbon Bubble report what it warned has come companies embraced policies they found absurd to write dow value Limitations come to light. assets can lose money without ceasing Many are protected plants enjoy dispute settlement


Question: Abolition ecology solves the case

The alt is abolition ecology. It solves the case.

Stephens-Griffin 22 – Nathan Stephens-Griffin is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Social Sciences at Northumbria University. (“Embracing ‘Abolition Ecology’: A Green Criminological Rejoinder,” 2 Nov 2022, pg. 438-439)

the project of abolition ecology brings together core themes revealing and actively resisting the interconnectivity of racism capitalism and environmental harms the goal of abolition ecology is to push forward deliberate organising and theorising against white supremacist logics that produce uneven racial development within land and property relations the project of abolition ecology imagines creates and builds new institutions and processes producing access to fresh air clean water sufficient land amelioration of toxic chemicals and beyond the notion of place is crucial we participate in a larger liberatory project The carceral spaces of prisons detention centres overpoliced estates and communities exist in opposition to the goal of ecological liberation but are also all spaces in which people of colour are disproportionately represented


Question: Stephens-Griffin 22

The alt is abolition ecology. It solves the case.

Stephens-Griffin 22 – Nathan Stephens-Griffin is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Social Sciences at Northumbria University. (“Embracing ‘Abolition Ecology’: A Green Criminological Rejoinder,” 2 Nov 2022, pg. 438-439)

the project of abolition ecology brings together core themes revealing and actively resisting the interconnectivity of racism capitalism and environmental harms the goal of abolition ecology is to push forward deliberate organising and theorising against white supremacist logics that produce uneven racial development within land and property relations the project of abolition ecology imagines creates and builds new institutions and processes producing access to fresh air clean water sufficient land amelioration of toxic chemicals and beyond the notion of place is crucial we participate in a larger liberatory project The carceral spaces of prisons detention centres overpoliced estates and communities exist in opposition to the goal of ecological liberation but are also all spaces in which people of colour are disproportionately represented


Question: Nathan Stephens-Griffin

The alt is abolition ecology. It solves the case.

Stephens-Griffin 22 – Nathan Stephens-Griffin is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Social Sciences at Northumbria University. (“Embracing ‘Abolition Ecology’: A Green Criminological Rejoinder,” 2 Nov 2022, pg. 438-439)

the project of abolition ecology brings together core themes revealing and actively resisting the interconnectivity of racism capitalism and environmental harms the goal of abolition ecology is to push forward deliberate organising and theorising against white supremacist logics that produce uneven racial development within land and property relations the project of abolition ecology imagines creates and builds new institutions and processes producing access to fresh air clean water sufficient land amelioration of toxic chemicals and beyond the notion of place is crucial we participate in a larger liberatory project The carceral spaces of prisons detention centres overpoliced estates and communities exist in opposition to the goal of ecological liberation but are also all spaces in which people of colour are disproportionately represented


Question: Abolition ecology resists racism

The alt is abolition ecology. It solves the case.

Stephens-Griffin 22 – Nathan Stephens-Griffin is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Social Sciences at Northumbria University. (“Embracing ‘Abolition Ecology’: A Green Criminological Rejoinder,” 2 Nov 2022, pg. 438-439)

the project of abolition ecology brings together core themes revealing and actively resisting the interconnectivity of racism capitalism and environmental harms the goal of abolition ecology is to push forward deliberate organising and theorising against white supremacist logics that produce uneven racial development within land and property relations the project of abolition ecology imagines creates and builds new institutions and processes producing access to fresh air clean water sufficient land amelioration of toxic chemicals and beyond the notion of place is crucial we participate in a larger liberatory project The carceral spaces of prisons detention centres overpoliced estates and communities exist in opposition to the goal of ecological liberation but are also all spaces in which people of colour are disproportionately represented


Question: Ecology solves capitalism

The alt is abolition ecology. It solves the case.

Stephens-Griffin 22 – Nathan Stephens-Griffin is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Social Sciences at Northumbria University. (“Embracing ‘Abolition Ecology’: A Green Criminological Rejoinder,” 2 Nov 2022, pg. 438-439)

the project of abolition ecology brings together core themes revealing and actively resisting the interconnectivity of racism capitalism and environmental harms the goal of abolition ecology is to push forward deliberate organising and theorising against white supremacist logics that produce uneven racial development within land and property relations the project of abolition ecology imagines creates and builds new institutions and processes producing access to fresh air clean water sufficient land amelioration of toxic chemicals and beyond the notion of place is crucial we participate in a larger liberatory project The carceral spaces of prisons detention centres overpoliced estates and communities exist in opposition to the goal of ecological liberation but are also all spaces in which people of colour are disproportionately represented


Question: Abolition ecology and environmental harm

The alt is abolition ecology. It solves the case.

Stephens-Griffin 22 – Nathan Stephens-Griffin is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Social Sciences at Northumbria University. (“Embracing ‘Abolition Ecology’: A Green Criminological Rejoinder,” 2 Nov 2022, pg. 438-439)

the project of abolition ecology brings together core themes revealing and actively resisting the interconnectivity of racism capitalism and environmental harms the goal of abolition ecology is to push forward deliberate organising and theorising against white supremacist logics that produce uneven racial development within land and property relations the project of abolition ecology imagines creates and builds new institutions and processes producing access to fresh air clean water sufficient land amelioration of toxic chemicals and beyond the notion of place is crucial we participate in a larger liberatory project The carceral spaces of prisons detention centres overpoliced estates and communities exist in opposition to the goal of ecological liberation but are also all spaces in which people of colour are disproportionately represented


Question: Abolition ecology definition

The alt is abolition ecology. It solves the case.

Stephens-Griffin 22 – Nathan Stephens-Griffin is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Social Sciences at Northumbria University. (“Embracing ‘Abolition Ecology’: A Green Criminological Rejoinder,” 2 Nov 2022, pg. 438-439)

the project of abolition ecology brings together core themes revealing and actively resisting the interconnectivity of racism capitalism and environmental harms the goal of abolition ecology is to push forward deliberate organising and theorising against white supremacist logics that produce uneven racial development within land and property relations the project of abolition ecology imagines creates and builds new institutions and processes producing access to fresh air clean water sufficient land amelioration of toxic chemicals and beyond the notion of place is crucial we participate in a larger liberatory project The carceral spaces of prisons detention centres overpoliced estates and communities exist in opposition to the goal of ecological liberation but are also all spaces in which people of colour are disproportionately represented


Question: Abolition ecology institutions

The alt is abolition ecology. It solves the case.

Stephens-Griffin 22 – Nathan Stephens-Griffin is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Social Sciences at Northumbria University. (“Embracing ‘Abolition Ecology’: A Green Criminological Rejoinder,” 2 Nov 2022, pg. 438-439)

the project of abolition ecology brings together core themes revealing and actively resisting the interconnectivity of racism capitalism and environmental harms the goal of abolition ecology is to push forward deliberate organising and theorising against white supremacist logics that produce uneven racial development within land and property relations the project of abolition ecology imagines creates and builds new institutions and processes producing access to fresh air clean water sufficient land amelioration of toxic chemicals and beyond the notion of place is crucial we participate in a larger liberatory project The carceral spaces of prisons detention centres overpoliced estates and communities exist in opposition to the goal of ecological liberation but are also all spaces in which people of colour are disproportionately represented


Question: No food wars

No food wars.

Vestby et al. 18 – Jonas, Doctoral Researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo, Ida Rudolfsen, doctoral researcher at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University and PRIO, and Halvard Buhaug, Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO); Professor of Political Science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); and Associate Editor of the Journal of Peace Research and Political Geography. “Does hunger cause conflict?”, https://blogs.prio.org/ClimateAndConflict/2018/05/does-hunger-cause-conflict/, 05-18-2018

little scholarly merit  that a reduction food increases probability conflict break out. to start conflict requires means and will people on the brink of starvation are not in the position to resort widespread misapprehension social unrest in periods of high prices relates to shortages sources of discontent are more complex political structures , land corruption democratic reforms and economic problems A question of importance is whether results are robust  to short time periods Conceivably, an ag supply response could take years Strikingly using shorter poverty episodes  makes no substantial difference to the point estimates This suggests higher prices reduce poverty, even in the short run. urban poverty results from people fleeing rural deprivation many conflicts that threaten global stability have origins in extreme poverty supermarkets engage in competition by lowering prices, reducing pay to suppliers who cut workers’ pay The idea that low food prices will reduce the hunger problem is flawed  since the main reason for people being hungry is that they cannot afford the food they need , even when prices are low .  Rather than shielding consumers from a full price let prices rise and  increase the food buying power of the poor higher prices can be passed back to all in the food production chain, They offer the best market-driven option for cutting rural poverty and hunger


Question: Vestby et al 18

No food wars.

Vestby et al. 18 – Jonas, Doctoral Researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo, Ida Rudolfsen, doctoral researcher at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University and PRIO, and Halvard Buhaug, Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO); Professor of Political Science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); and Associate Editor of the Journal of Peace Research and Political Geography. “Does hunger cause conflict?”, https://blogs.prio.org/ClimateAndConflict/2018/05/does-hunger-cause-conflict/, 05-18-2018

little scholarly merit  that a reduction food increases probability conflict break out. to start conflict requires means and will people on the brink of starvation are not in the position to resort widespread misapprehension social unrest in periods of high prices relates to shortages sources of discontent are more complex political structures , land corruption democratic reforms and economic problems A question of importance is whether results are robust  to short time periods Conceivably, an ag supply response could take years Strikingly using shorter poverty episodes  makes no substantial difference to the point estimates This suggests higher prices reduce poverty, even in the short run. urban poverty results from people fleeing rural deprivation many conflicts that threaten global stability have origins in extreme poverty supermarkets engage in competition by lowering prices, reducing pay to suppliers who cut workers’ pay The idea that low food prices will reduce the hunger problem is flawed  since the main reason for people being hungry is that they cannot afford the food they need , even when prices are low .  Rather than shielding consumers from a full price let prices rise and  increase the food buying power of the poor higher prices can be passed back to all in the food production chain, They offer the best market-driven option for cutting rural poverty and hunger


Question: hunger cause conflict

No food wars.

Vestby et al. 18 – Jonas, Doctoral Researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo, Ida Rudolfsen, doctoral researcher at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University and PRIO, and Halvard Buhaug, Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO); Professor of Political Science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); and Associate Editor of the Journal of Peace Research and Political Geography. “Does hunger cause conflict?”, https://blogs.prio.org/ClimateAndConflict/2018/05/does-hunger-cause-conflict/, 05-18-2018

little scholarly merit  that a reduction food increases probability conflict break out. to start conflict requires means and will people on the brink of starvation are not in the position to resort widespread misapprehension social unrest in periods of high prices relates to shortages sources of discontent are more complex political structures , land corruption democratic reforms and economic problems A question of importance is whether results are robust  to short time periods Conceivably, an ag supply response could take years Strikingly using shorter poverty episodes  makes no substantial difference to the point estimates This suggests higher prices reduce poverty, even in the short run. urban poverty results from people fleeing rural deprivation many conflicts that threaten global stability have origins in extreme poverty supermarkets engage in competition by lowering prices, reducing pay to suppliers who cut workers’ pay The idea that low food prices will reduce the hunger problem is flawed  since the main reason for people being hungry is that they cannot afford the food they need , even when prices are low .  Rather than shielding consumers from a full price let prices rise and  increase the food buying power of the poor higher prices can be passed back to all in the food production chain, They offer the best market-driven option for cutting rural poverty and hunger


Question: low food prices flawed

No food wars.

Vestby et al. 18 – Jonas, Doctoral Researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo, Ida Rudolfsen, doctoral researcher at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University and PRIO, and Halvard Buhaug, Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO); Professor of Political Science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); and Associate Editor of the Journal of Peace Research and Political Geography. “Does hunger cause conflict?”, https://blogs.prio.org/ClimateAndConflict/2018/05/does-hunger-cause-conflict/, 05-18-2018

little scholarly merit  that a reduction food increases probability conflict break out. to start conflict requires means and will people on the brink of starvation are not in the position to resort widespread misapprehension social unrest in periods of high prices relates to shortages sources of discontent are more complex political structures , land corruption democratic reforms and economic problems A question of importance is whether results are robust  to short time periods Conceivably, an ag supply response could take years Strikingly using shorter poverty episodes  makes no substantial difference to the point estimates This suggests higher prices reduce poverty, even in the short run. urban poverty results from people fleeing rural deprivation many conflicts that threaten global stability have origins in extreme poverty supermarkets engage in competition by lowering prices, reducing pay to suppliers who cut workers’ pay The idea that low food prices will reduce the hunger problem is flawed  since the main reason for people being hungry is that they cannot afford the food they need , even when prices are low .  Rather than shielding consumers from a full price let prices rise and  increase the food buying power of the poor higher prices can be passed back to all in the food production chain, They offer the best market-driven option for cutting rural poverty and hunger


Question: political structures cause conflict

No food wars.

Vestby et al. 18 – Jonas, Doctoral Researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo, Ida Rudolfsen, doctoral researcher at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University and PRIO, and Halvard Buhaug, Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO); Professor of Political Science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); and Associate Editor of the Journal of Peace Research and Political Geography. “Does hunger cause conflict?”, https://blogs.prio.org/ClimateAndConflict/2018/05/does-hunger-cause-conflict/, 05-18-2018

little scholarly merit  that a reduction food increases probability conflict break out. to start conflict requires means and will people on the brink of starvation are not in the position to resort widespread misapprehension social unrest in periods of high prices relates to shortages sources of discontent are more complex political structures , land corruption democratic reforms and economic problems A question of importance is whether results are robust  to short time periods Conceivably, an ag supply response could take years Strikingly using shorter poverty episodes  makes no substantial difference to the point estimates This suggests higher prices reduce poverty, even in the short run. urban poverty results from people fleeing rural deprivation many conflicts that threaten global stability have origins in extreme poverty supermarkets engage in competition by lowering prices, reducing pay to suppliers who cut workers’ pay The idea that low food prices will reduce the hunger problem is flawed  since the main reason for people being hungry is that they cannot afford the food they need , even when prices are low .  Rather than shielding consumers from a full price let prices rise and  increase the food buying power of the poor higher prices can be passed back to all in the food production chain, They offer the best market-driven option for cutting rural poverty and hunger


Question: prices reduce poverty

No food wars.

Vestby et al. 18 – Jonas, Doctoral Researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo, Ida Rudolfsen, doctoral researcher at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University and PRIO, and Halvard Buhaug, Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO); Professor of Political Science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); and Associate Editor of the Journal of Peace Research and Political Geography. “Does hunger cause conflict?”, https://blogs.prio.org/ClimateAndConflict/2018/05/does-hunger-cause-conflict/, 05-18-2018

little scholarly merit  that a reduction food increases probability conflict break out. to start conflict requires means and will people on the brink of starvation are not in the position to resort widespread misapprehension social unrest in periods of high prices relates to shortages sources of discontent are more complex political structures , land corruption democratic reforms and economic problems A question of importance is whether results are robust  to short time periods Conceivably, an ag supply response could take years Strikingly using shorter poverty episodes  makes no substantial difference to the point estimates This suggests higher prices reduce poverty, even in the short run. urban poverty results from people fleeing rural deprivation many conflicts that threaten global stability have origins in extreme poverty supermarkets engage in competition by lowering prices, reducing pay to suppliers who cut workers’ pay The idea that low food prices will reduce the hunger problem is flawed  since the main reason for people being hungry is that they cannot afford the food they need , even when prices are low .  Rather than shielding consumers from a full price let prices rise and  increase the food buying power of the poor higher prices can be passed back to all in the food production chain, They offer the best market-driven option for cutting rural poverty and hunger


Question: food buying power

No food wars.

Vestby et al. 18 – Jonas, Doctoral Researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo, Ida Rudolfsen, doctoral researcher at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University and PRIO, and Halvard Buhaug, Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO); Professor of Political Science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); and Associate Editor of the Journal of Peace Research and Political Geography. “Does hunger cause conflict?”, https://blogs.prio.org/ClimateAndConflict/2018/05/does-hunger-cause-conflict/, 05-18-2018

little scholarly merit  that a reduction food increases probability conflict break out. to start conflict requires means and will people on the brink of starvation are not in the position to resort widespread misapprehension social unrest in periods of high prices relates to shortages sources of discontent are more complex political structures , land corruption democratic reforms and economic problems A question of importance is whether results are robust  to short time periods Conceivably, an ag supply response could take years Strikingly using shorter poverty episodes  makes no substantial difference to the point estimates This suggests higher prices reduce poverty, even in the short run. urban poverty results from people fleeing rural deprivation many conflicts that threaten global stability have origins in extreme poverty supermarkets engage in competition by lowering prices, reducing pay to suppliers who cut workers’ pay The idea that low food prices will reduce the hunger problem is flawed  since the main reason for people being hungry is that they cannot afford the food they need , even when prices are low .  Rather than shielding consumers from a full price let prices rise and  increase the food buying power of the poor higher prices can be passed back to all in the food production chain, They offer the best market-driven option for cutting rural poverty and hunger


Question: A before mass noun single type

B — A before a mass noun means single type

AHD 92 – American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 1992 (Third Edition) p. 1

Used before a mass noun to indicate a single type  or example


Question: AHD 92 mass noun definition

B — A before a mass noun means single type

AHD 92 – American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 1992 (Third Edition) p. 1

Used before a mass noun to indicate a single type  or example


Question: American Heritage Dictionary

B — A before a mass noun means single type

AHD 92 – American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 1992 (Third Edition) p. 1

Used before a mass noun to indicate a single type  or example


Question: mass noun single type example

B — A before a mass noun means single type

AHD 92 – American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 1992 (Third Edition) p. 1

Used before a mass noun to indicate a single type  or example


Question: A before mass noun

B — A before a mass noun means single type

AHD 92 – American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 1992 (Third Edition) p. 1

Used before a mass noun to indicate a single type  or example


Question: grammar mass noun definition

B — A before a mass noun means single type

AHD 92 – American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 1992 (Third Edition) p. 1

Used before a mass noun to indicate a single type  or example


Question: carbon tax unpopular

It solves & avoids backlash, but the perm and the plan link.

Ben Ho 22, Professor of economics at Vassar College and former lead energy economist for the White House Council of Economic Advisers, “Prioritising innovation: the case against the carbon tax”, Economist Impact, 11-16-22, https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/net-zero-and-energy/prioritising-innovation-the-case-against-the-carbon-tax-ben-ho

Putting a price on carbon has not been popular few politicians are eager to attach their name with the word tax in it While shifting consumption is  good innovation is better policies like subsidies do more Markets chase lower costs Forcing them to adopt higher-cost tech is like pushing a boulder up a hill Subsidies can move the economy over that hump returning money via a dividend has not proved popular Innovative tech is far easier to convince voters If I could turn back to the Industrial Revolution a carbon tax would be the centrepiece But subsidies have the highest chance of success


Question: Ben Ho 22

It solves & avoids backlash, but the perm and the plan link.

Ben Ho 22, Professor of economics at Vassar College and former lead energy economist for the White House Council of Economic Advisers, “Prioritising innovation: the case against the carbon tax”, Economist Impact, 11-16-22, https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/net-zero-and-energy/prioritising-innovation-the-case-against-the-carbon-tax-ben-ho

Putting a price on carbon has not been popular few politicians are eager to attach their name with the word tax in it While shifting consumption is  good innovation is better policies like subsidies do more Markets chase lower costs Forcing them to adopt higher-cost tech is like pushing a boulder up a hill Subsidies can move the economy over that hump returning money via a dividend has not proved popular Innovative tech is far easier to convince voters If I could turn back to the Industrial Revolution a carbon tax would be the centrepiece But subsidies have the highest chance of success


Question: carbon tax backlash

It solves & avoids backlash, but the perm and the plan link.

Ben Ho 22, Professor of economics at Vassar College and former lead energy economist for the White House Council of Economic Advisers, “Prioritising innovation: the case against the carbon tax”, Economist Impact, 11-16-22, https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/net-zero-and-energy/prioritising-innovation-the-case-against-the-carbon-tax-ben-ho

Putting a price on carbon has not been popular few politicians are eager to attach their name with the word tax in it While shifting consumption is  good innovation is better policies like subsidies do more Markets chase lower costs Forcing them to adopt higher-cost tech is like pushing a boulder up a hill Subsidies can move the economy over that hump returning money via a dividend has not proved popular Innovative tech is far easier to convince voters If I could turn back to the Industrial Revolution a carbon tax would be the centrepiece But subsidies have the highest chance of success


Question: subsidies better than carbon tax

It solves & avoids backlash, but the perm and the plan link.

Ben Ho 22, Professor of economics at Vassar College and former lead energy economist for the White House Council of Economic Advisers, “Prioritising innovation: the case against the carbon tax”, Economist Impact, 11-16-22, https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/net-zero-and-energy/prioritising-innovation-the-case-against-the-carbon-tax-ben-ho

Putting a price on carbon has not been popular few politicians are eager to attach their name with the word tax in it While shifting consumption is  good innovation is better policies like subsidies do more Markets chase lower costs Forcing them to adopt higher-cost tech is like pushing a boulder up a hill Subsidies can move the economy over that hump returning money via a dividend has not proved popular Innovative tech is far easier to convince voters If I could turn back to the Industrial Revolution a carbon tax would be the centrepiece But subsidies have the highest chance of success


Question: politicians don't want carbon tax

It solves & avoids backlash, but the perm and the plan link.

Ben Ho 22, Professor of economics at Vassar College and former lead energy economist for the White House Council of Economic Advisers, “Prioritising innovation: the case against the carbon tax”, Economist Impact, 11-16-22, https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/net-zero-and-energy/prioritising-innovation-the-case-against-the-carbon-tax-ben-ho

Putting a price on carbon has not been popular few politicians are eager to attach their name with the word tax in it While shifting consumption is  good innovation is better policies like subsidies do more Markets chase lower costs Forcing them to adopt higher-cost tech is like pushing a boulder up a hill Subsidies can move the economy over that hump returning money via a dividend has not proved popular Innovative tech is far easier to convince voters If I could turn back to the Industrial Revolution a carbon tax would be the centrepiece But subsidies have the highest chance of success


Question: carbon tax unpopular subsidies good

It solves & avoids backlash, but the perm and the plan link.

Ben Ho 22, Professor of economics at Vassar College and former lead energy economist for the White House Council of Economic Advisers, “Prioritising innovation: the case against the carbon tax”, Economist Impact, 11-16-22, https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/net-zero-and-energy/prioritising-innovation-the-case-against-the-carbon-tax-ben-ho

Putting a price on carbon has not been popular few politicians are eager to attach their name with the word tax in it While shifting consumption is  good innovation is better policies like subsidies do more Markets chase lower costs Forcing them to adopt higher-cost tech is like pushing a boulder up a hill Subsidies can move the economy over that hump returning money via a dividend has not proved popular Innovative tech is far easier to convince voters If I could turn back to the Industrial Revolution a carbon tax would be the centrepiece But subsidies have the highest chance of success


Question: prioritizing innovation carbon tax

It solves & avoids backlash, but the perm and the plan link.

Ben Ho 22, Professor of economics at Vassar College and former lead energy economist for the White House Council of Economic Advisers, “Prioritising innovation: the case against the carbon tax”, Economist Impact, 11-16-22, https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/net-zero-and-energy/prioritising-innovation-the-case-against-the-carbon-tax-ben-ho

Putting a price on carbon has not been popular few politicians are eager to attach their name with the word tax in it While shifting consumption is  good innovation is better policies like subsidies do more Markets chase lower costs Forcing them to adopt higher-cost tech is like pushing a boulder up a hill Subsidies can move the economy over that hump returning money via a dividend has not proved popular Innovative tech is far easier to convince voters If I could turn back to the Industrial Revolution a carbon tax would be the centrepiece But subsidies have the highest chance of success


Question: Omnibus reconciliation bill expands visas

Only an omnibus-style reconciliation bill expands visas for high-skilled immigrants

Jones 1-16-2025, *visiting assistant professor of Mathematics at College of the Holy Cross. **the Sterling Professor of Social and Natural Science at Yale University. (*Matthew and **Nicholas A. Christakis, “Why Trump’s ‘One Big Beautiful Bill’ Is Bad for Democracy,” Wall Street Journal, https://archive.ph/Hzujt#selection-5677.0-5680.0)

works in transactions customer forced to buy an upgrade package that includes other things they don’t desire The same dynamics could also appear in Trump’s proposal. Now that he has secured re-election, he needs to convince Congress to agree to policies Trump’s support to expand the H1B visa has exposed divisions Bundling these issues into a single bill  could force rep s on of the aisle to vote against their preferences an anti-immigration hard -liner could vot “yes” on a bill that increases H1B visas  because it also includes tax cuts


Question: Jones and Christakis

Only an omnibus-style reconciliation bill expands visas for high-skilled immigrants

Jones 1-16-2025, *visiting assistant professor of Mathematics at College of the Holy Cross. **the Sterling Professor of Social and Natural Science at Yale University. (*Matthew and **Nicholas A. Christakis, “Why Trump’s ‘One Big Beautiful Bill’ Is Bad for Democracy,” Wall Street Journal, https://archive.ph/Hzujt#selection-5677.0-5680.0)

works in transactions customer forced to buy an upgrade package that includes other things they don’t desire The same dynamics could also appear in Trump’s proposal. Now that he has secured re-election, he needs to convince Congress to agree to policies Trump’s support to expand the H1B visa has exposed divisions Bundling these issues into a single bill  could force rep s on of the aisle to vote against their preferences an anti-immigration hard -liner could vot “yes” on a bill that increases H1B visas  because it also includes tax cuts


Question: Matthew and Nicholas A. Christakis

Only an omnibus-style reconciliation bill expands visas for high-skilled immigrants

Jones 1-16-2025, *visiting assistant professor of Mathematics at College of the Holy Cross. **the Sterling Professor of Social and Natural Science at Yale University. (*Matthew and **Nicholas A. Christakis, “Why Trump’s ‘One Big Beautiful Bill’ Is Bad for Democracy,” Wall Street Journal, https://archive.ph/Hzujt#selection-5677.0-5680.0)

works in transactions customer forced to buy an upgrade package that includes other things they don’t desire The same dynamics could also appear in Trump’s proposal. Now that he has secured re-election, he needs to convince Congress to agree to policies Trump’s support to expand the H1B visa has exposed divisions Bundling these issues into a single bill  could force rep s on of the aisle to vote against their preferences an anti-immigration hard -liner could vot “yes” on a bill that increases H1B visas  because it also includes tax cuts


Question: one big beautiful bill

Only an omnibus-style reconciliation bill expands visas for high-skilled immigrants

Jones 1-16-2025, *visiting assistant professor of Mathematics at College of the Holy Cross. **the Sterling Professor of Social and Natural Science at Yale University. (*Matthew and **Nicholas A. Christakis, “Why Trump’s ‘One Big Beautiful Bill’ Is Bad for Democracy,” Wall Street Journal, https://archive.ph/Hzujt#selection-5677.0-5680.0)

works in transactions customer forced to buy an upgrade package that includes other things they don’t desire The same dynamics could also appear in Trump’s proposal. Now that he has secured re-election, he needs to convince Congress to agree to policies Trump’s support to expand the H1B visa has exposed divisions Bundling these issues into a single bill  could force rep s on of the aisle to vote against their preferences an anti-immigration hard -liner could vot “yes” on a bill that increases H1B visas  because it also includes tax cuts


Question: H1B visa expansion

Only an omnibus-style reconciliation bill expands visas for high-skilled immigrants

Jones 1-16-2025, *visiting assistant professor of Mathematics at College of the Holy Cross. **the Sterling Professor of Social and Natural Science at Yale University. (*Matthew and **Nicholas A. Christakis, “Why Trump’s ‘One Big Beautiful Bill’ Is Bad for Democracy,” Wall Street Journal, https://archive.ph/Hzujt#selection-5677.0-5680.0)

works in transactions customer forced to buy an upgrade package that includes other things they don’t desire The same dynamics could also appear in Trump’s proposal. Now that he has secured re-election, he needs to convince Congress to agree to policies Trump’s support to expand the H1B visa has exposed divisions Bundling these issues into a single bill  could force rep s on of the aisle to vote against their preferences an anti-immigration hard -liner could vot “yes” on a bill that increases H1B visas  because it also includes tax cuts


Question: Bundling issues into single bill

Only an omnibus-style reconciliation bill expands visas for high-skilled immigrants

Jones 1-16-2025, *visiting assistant professor of Mathematics at College of the Holy Cross. **the Sterling Professor of Social and Natural Science at Yale University. (*Matthew and **Nicholas A. Christakis, “Why Trump’s ‘One Big Beautiful Bill’ Is Bad for Democracy,” Wall Street Journal, https://archive.ph/Hzujt#selection-5677.0-5680.0)

works in transactions customer forced to buy an upgrade package that includes other things they don’t desire The same dynamics could also appear in Trump’s proposal. Now that he has secured re-election, he needs to convince Congress to agree to policies Trump’s support to expand the H1B visa has exposed divisions Bundling these issues into a single bill  could force rep s on of the aisle to vote against their preferences an anti-immigration hard -liner could vot “yes” on a bill that increases H1B visas  because it also includes tax cuts


Question: Trump H1B visas

Only an omnibus-style reconciliation bill expands visas for high-skilled immigrants

Jones 1-16-2025, *visiting assistant professor of Mathematics at College of the Holy Cross. **the Sterling Professor of Social and Natural Science at Yale University. (*Matthew and **Nicholas A. Christakis, “Why Trump’s ‘One Big Beautiful Bill’ Is Bad for Democracy,” Wall Street Journal, https://archive.ph/Hzujt#selection-5677.0-5680.0)

works in transactions customer forced to buy an upgrade package that includes other things they don’t desire The same dynamics could also appear in Trump’s proposal. Now that he has secured re-election, he needs to convince Congress to agree to policies Trump’s support to expand the H1B visa has exposed divisions Bundling these issues into a single bill  could force rep s on of the aisle to vote against their preferences an anti-immigration hard -liner could vot “yes” on a bill that increases H1B visas  because it also includes tax cuts


Question: Control problem is intractable

Control problem is intractable – only solution is to never build AI

Geist 15 [Edward Moore Geist, MacArthur Nuclear Security Fellow at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation, 8/9/15, “Is artificial intelligence really an existential threat to humanity?,” http://thebulletin.org/artificial-intelligence-really-existential-threat-humanity8577]

findings of a i researchers bode ill for recommendations for how to prevent machines from determining fate of mankind While incentives for a i to be friendly might seem obvious machines will be powerful enough to subvert these he focuses on “giving AI a final goal that makes it easier to control If machines develop godlike superintelligence a i researchers have learned the nature of reason itself will work against this plan to solve the “control problem


Question: Geist 15

Control problem is intractable – only solution is to never build AI

Geist 15 [Edward Moore Geist, MacArthur Nuclear Security Fellow at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation, 8/9/15, “Is artificial intelligence really an existential threat to humanity?,” http://thebulletin.org/artificial-intelligence-really-existential-threat-humanity8577]

findings of a i researchers bode ill for recommendations for how to prevent machines from determining fate of mankind While incentives for a i to be friendly might seem obvious machines will be powerful enough to subvert these he focuses on “giving AI a final goal that makes it easier to control If machines develop godlike superintelligence a i researchers have learned the nature of reason itself will work against this plan to solve the “control problem


Question: Edward Moore Geist AI control

Control problem is intractable – only solution is to never build AI

Geist 15 [Edward Moore Geist, MacArthur Nuclear Security Fellow at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation, 8/9/15, “Is artificial intelligence really an existential threat to humanity?,” http://thebulletin.org/artificial-intelligence-really-existential-threat-humanity8577]

findings of a i researchers bode ill for recommendations for how to prevent machines from determining fate of mankind While incentives for a i to be friendly might seem obvious machines will be powerful enough to subvert these he focuses on “giving AI a final goal that makes it easier to control If machines develop godlike superintelligence a i researchers have learned the nature of reason itself will work against this plan to solve the “control problem


Question: AI control problem

Control problem is intractable – only solution is to never build AI

Geist 15 [Edward Moore Geist, MacArthur Nuclear Security Fellow at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation, 8/9/15, “Is artificial intelligence really an existential threat to humanity?,” http://thebulletin.org/artificial-intelligence-really-existential-threat-humanity8577]

findings of a i researchers bode ill for recommendations for how to prevent machines from determining fate of mankind While incentives for a i to be friendly might seem obvious machines will be powerful enough to subvert these he focuses on “giving AI a final goal that makes it easier to control If machines develop godlike superintelligence a i researchers have learned the nature of reason itself will work against this plan to solve the “control problem


Question: never build AI

Control problem is intractable – only solution is to never build AI

Geist 15 [Edward Moore Geist, MacArthur Nuclear Security Fellow at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation, 8/9/15, “Is artificial intelligence really an existential threat to humanity?,” http://thebulletin.org/artificial-intelligence-really-existential-threat-humanity8577]

findings of a i researchers bode ill for recommendations for how to prevent machines from determining fate of mankind While incentives for a i to be friendly might seem obvious machines will be powerful enough to subvert these he focuses on “giving AI a final goal that makes it easier to control If machines develop godlike superintelligence a i researchers have learned the nature of reason itself will work against this plan to solve the “control problem


Question: AI superintelligence control problem

Control problem is intractable – only solution is to never build AI

Geist 15 [Edward Moore Geist, MacArthur Nuclear Security Fellow at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation, 8/9/15, “Is artificial intelligence really an existential threat to humanity?,” http://thebulletin.org/artificial-intelligence-really-existential-threat-humanity8577]

findings of a i researchers bode ill for recommendations for how to prevent machines from determining fate of mankind While incentives for a i to be friendly might seem obvious machines will be powerful enough to subvert these he focuses on “giving AI a final goal that makes it easier to control If machines develop godlike superintelligence a i researchers have learned the nature of reason itself will work against this plan to solve the “control problem


Question: AI researchers findings

Control problem is intractable – only solution is to never build AI

Geist 15 [Edward Moore Geist, MacArthur Nuclear Security Fellow at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation, 8/9/15, “Is artificial intelligence really an existential threat to humanity?,” http://thebulletin.org/artificial-intelligence-really-existential-threat-humanity8577]

findings of a i researchers bode ill for recommendations for how to prevent machines from determining fate of mankind While incentives for a i to be friendly might seem obvious machines will be powerful enough to subvert these he focuses on “giving AI a final goal that makes it easier to control If machines develop godlike superintelligence a i researchers have learned the nature of reason itself will work against this plan to solve the “control problem


Question: AI existential threat

Control problem is intractable – only solution is to never build AI

Geist 15 [Edward Moore Geist, MacArthur Nuclear Security Fellow at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation, 8/9/15, “Is artificial intelligence really an existential threat to humanity?,” http://thebulletin.org/artificial-intelligence-really-existential-threat-humanity8577]

findings of a i researchers bode ill for recommendations for how to prevent machines from determining fate of mankind While incentives for a i to be friendly might seem obvious machines will be powerful enough to subvert these he focuses on “giving AI a final goal that makes it easier to control If machines develop godlike superintelligence a i researchers have learned the nature of reason itself will work against this plan to solve the “control problem


Question: Adopt requires legislation

Adopt requires legislation

FAY 92 --- THOMAS F. FAY et al, Chief Justice RI Supreme Court, “In re Advisory Opinion to Governor”, Supreme Court of Rhode Island Jun 10, 1992 https://casetext.com/case/in-re-advisory-opinion-to-governor-23

the term "adopt" is in the constitution directed that the general assembly shall adopt Obviously the Assembly understood the term "adopt" as requiring legislation


Question: FAY 92

Adopt requires legislation

FAY 92 --- THOMAS F. FAY et al, Chief Justice RI Supreme Court, “In re Advisory Opinion to Governor”, Supreme Court of Rhode Island Jun 10, 1992 https://casetext.com/case/in-re-advisory-opinion-to-governor-23

the term "adopt" is in the constitution directed that the general assembly shall adopt Obviously the Assembly understood the term "adopt" as requiring legislation


Question: Rhode Island Supreme Court

Adopt requires legislation

FAY 92 --- THOMAS F. FAY et al, Chief Justice RI Supreme Court, “In re Advisory Opinion to Governor”, Supreme Court of Rhode Island Jun 10, 1992 https://casetext.com/case/in-re-advisory-opinion-to-governor-23

the term "adopt" is in the constitution directed that the general assembly shall adopt Obviously the Assembly understood the term "adopt" as requiring legislation


Question: term adopt requires legislation

Adopt requires legislation

FAY 92 --- THOMAS F. FAY et al, Chief Justice RI Supreme Court, “In re Advisory Opinion to Governor”, Supreme Court of Rhode Island Jun 10, 1992 https://casetext.com/case/in-re-advisory-opinion-to-governor-23

the term "adopt" is in the constitution directed that the general assembly shall adopt Obviously the Assembly understood the term "adopt" as requiring legislation


Question: Assembly understood the term adopt

Adopt requires legislation

FAY 92 --- THOMAS F. FAY et al, Chief Justice RI Supreme Court, “In re Advisory Opinion to Governor”, Supreme Court of Rhode Island Jun 10, 1992 https://casetext.com/case/in-re-advisory-opinion-to-governor-23

the term "adopt" is in the constitution directed that the general assembly shall adopt Obviously the Assembly understood the term "adopt" as requiring legislation


Question: carbon tax best way

Properly designed carbon tax is the only way to substantially reduce emissions while promoting fiscal sustainability---ETS trades-off with the economy.

Yan et. al 23, (Keija Yan – GRA Fellowship of Chemistry at the University of Alberta, Rakesh Gupta – PhD & Department Chair of Economics at U Brisbane, Suneel Maheshwari – Accounting Professor & Chairperson at Indiana University, 6-30-2023, Using Carbon Tax to Reach the U.S.’s 2050 NDCs Goals—A CGE Model of Firms, Government, and Households, MDPI, https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/16/7/317)//CHale

there is great uncertainty about environmental policy the U. S. provides a framework to achieve NDC in 2025 issuing a dynamic carbon tax . long-run carbon tax keeping in equilibrium tax costs of labour energy and carbon and higher employment and GDP using a 2 layer model benefits on a country’s economic cycle governments earn revenue stimulate the economy increasing public wealth increase GDP as CO2 is reduced help reduce the public debt-to-GDP ratio carbon tax  help improve efficiency of the tax system reduce costly regulatory measures USD 73 raise 3 trillion ETS decrease the profit  of firms significant negative effect on return-on-capital material costs increased ETS reduce market competitiveness create a decline in employment


Question: Yan et al 23

Properly designed carbon tax is the only way to substantially reduce emissions while promoting fiscal sustainability---ETS trades-off with the economy.

Yan et. al 23, (Keija Yan – GRA Fellowship of Chemistry at the University of Alberta, Rakesh Gupta – PhD & Department Chair of Economics at U Brisbane, Suneel Maheshwari – Accounting Professor & Chairperson at Indiana University, 6-30-2023, Using Carbon Tax to Reach the U.S.’s 2050 NDCs Goals—A CGE Model of Firms, Government, and Households, MDPI, https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/16/7/317)//CHale

there is great uncertainty about environmental policy the U. S. provides a framework to achieve NDC in 2025 issuing a dynamic carbon tax . long-run carbon tax keeping in equilibrium tax costs of labour energy and carbon and higher employment and GDP using a 2 layer model benefits on a country’s economic cycle governments earn revenue stimulate the economy increasing public wealth increase GDP as CO2 is reduced help reduce the public debt-to-GDP ratio carbon tax  help improve efficiency of the tax system reduce costly regulatory measures USD 73 raise 3 trillion ETS decrease the profit  of firms significant negative effect on return-on-capital material costs increased ETS reduce market competitiveness create a decline in employment


Question: dynamic carbon tax

Properly designed carbon tax is the only way to substantially reduce emissions while promoting fiscal sustainability---ETS trades-off with the economy.

Yan et. al 23, (Keija Yan – GRA Fellowship of Chemistry at the University of Alberta, Rakesh Gupta – PhD & Department Chair of Economics at U Brisbane, Suneel Maheshwari – Accounting Professor & Chairperson at Indiana University, 6-30-2023, Using Carbon Tax to Reach the U.S.’s 2050 NDCs Goals—A CGE Model of Firms, Government, and Households, MDPI, https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/16/7/317)//CHale

there is great uncertainty about environmental policy the U. S. provides a framework to achieve NDC in 2025 issuing a dynamic carbon tax . long-run carbon tax keeping in equilibrium tax costs of labour energy and carbon and higher employment and GDP using a 2 layer model benefits on a country’s economic cycle governments earn revenue stimulate the economy increasing public wealth increase GDP as CO2 is reduced help reduce the public debt-to-GDP ratio carbon tax  help improve efficiency of the tax system reduce costly regulatory measures USD 73 raise 3 trillion ETS decrease the profit  of firms significant negative effect on return-on-capital material costs increased ETS reduce market competitiveness create a decline in employment


Question: carbon tax revenue

Properly designed carbon tax is the only way to substantially reduce emissions while promoting fiscal sustainability---ETS trades-off with the economy.

Yan et. al 23, (Keija Yan – GRA Fellowship of Chemistry at the University of Alberta, Rakesh Gupta – PhD & Department Chair of Economics at U Brisbane, Suneel Maheshwari – Accounting Professor & Chairperson at Indiana University, 6-30-2023, Using Carbon Tax to Reach the U.S.’s 2050 NDCs Goals—A CGE Model of Firms, Government, and Households, MDPI, https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/16/7/317)//CHale

there is great uncertainty about environmental policy the U. S. provides a framework to achieve NDC in 2025 issuing a dynamic carbon tax . long-run carbon tax keeping in equilibrium tax costs of labour energy and carbon and higher employment and GDP using a 2 layer model benefits on a country’s economic cycle governments earn revenue stimulate the economy increasing public wealth increase GDP as CO2 is reduced help reduce the public debt-to-GDP ratio carbon tax  help improve efficiency of the tax system reduce costly regulatory measures USD 73 raise 3 trillion ETS decrease the profit  of firms significant negative effect on return-on-capital material costs increased ETS reduce market competitiveness create a decline in employment


Question: carbon tax GDP

Properly designed carbon tax is the only way to substantially reduce emissions while promoting fiscal sustainability---ETS trades-off with the economy.

Yan et. al 23, (Keija Yan – GRA Fellowship of Chemistry at the University of Alberta, Rakesh Gupta – PhD & Department Chair of Economics at U Brisbane, Suneel Maheshwari – Accounting Professor & Chairperson at Indiana University, 6-30-2023, Using Carbon Tax to Reach the U.S.’s 2050 NDCs Goals—A CGE Model of Firms, Government, and Households, MDPI, https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/16/7/317)//CHale

there is great uncertainty about environmental policy the U. S. provides a framework to achieve NDC in 2025 issuing a dynamic carbon tax . long-run carbon tax keeping in equilibrium tax costs of labour energy and carbon and higher employment and GDP using a 2 layer model benefits on a country’s economic cycle governments earn revenue stimulate the economy increasing public wealth increase GDP as CO2 is reduced help reduce the public debt-to-GDP ratio carbon tax  help improve efficiency of the tax system reduce costly regulatory measures USD 73 raise 3 trillion ETS decrease the profit  of firms significant negative effect on return-on-capital material costs increased ETS reduce market competitiveness create a decline in employment


Question: ETS bad for economy

Properly designed carbon tax is the only way to substantially reduce emissions while promoting fiscal sustainability---ETS trades-off with the economy.

Yan et. al 23, (Keija Yan – GRA Fellowship of Chemistry at the University of Alberta, Rakesh Gupta – PhD & Department Chair of Economics at U Brisbane, Suneel Maheshwari – Accounting Professor & Chairperson at Indiana University, 6-30-2023, Using Carbon Tax to Reach the U.S.’s 2050 NDCs Goals—A CGE Model of Firms, Government, and Households, MDPI, https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/16/7/317)//CHale

there is great uncertainty about environmental policy the U. S. provides a framework to achieve NDC in 2025 issuing a dynamic carbon tax . long-run carbon tax keeping in equilibrium tax costs of labour energy and carbon and higher employment and GDP using a 2 layer model benefits on a country’s economic cycle governments earn revenue stimulate the economy increasing public wealth increase GDP as CO2 is reduced help reduce the public debt-to-GDP ratio carbon tax  help improve efficiency of the tax system reduce costly regulatory measures USD 73 raise 3 trillion ETS decrease the profit  of firms significant negative effect on return-on-capital material costs increased ETS reduce market competitiveness create a decline in employment


Question: carbon tax fiscal sustainability

Properly designed carbon tax is the only way to substantially reduce emissions while promoting fiscal sustainability---ETS trades-off with the economy.

Yan et. al 23, (Keija Yan – GRA Fellowship of Chemistry at the University of Alberta, Rakesh Gupta – PhD & Department Chair of Economics at U Brisbane, Suneel Maheshwari – Accounting Professor & Chairperson at Indiana University, 6-30-2023, Using Carbon Tax to Reach the U.S.’s 2050 NDCs Goals—A CGE Model of Firms, Government, and Households, MDPI, https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/16/7/317)//CHale

there is great uncertainty about environmental policy the U. S. provides a framework to achieve NDC in 2025 issuing a dynamic carbon tax . long-run carbon tax keeping in equilibrium tax costs of labour energy and carbon and higher employment and GDP using a 2 layer model benefits on a country’s economic cycle governments earn revenue stimulate the economy increasing public wealth increase GDP as CO2 is reduced help reduce the public debt-to-GDP ratio carbon tax  help improve efficiency of the tax system reduce costly regulatory measures USD 73 raise 3 trillion ETS decrease the profit  of firms significant negative effect on return-on-capital material costs increased ETS reduce market competitiveness create a decline in employment


Question: Leadership impact activates America’s crusader mentality

Leadership impact activates America’s crusader mentality and stokes the new Cold War with China

Layne 20, University Distinguished Professor of International Affairs and Robert M. Gates Chair in National Security at Texas A&M University. (Christopher, “Preventing the China-U.S. Cold War from Turning Hot”, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 13, No. 3, doi: 10.1093/cjip/poaa012)

American policy makers are revisiting the First Cold War by characterizing Sino-American relations as a Manichean ideological struggle between freedom and authoritarianism Discourse matters they seek to delegitimize China’s government and create an ‘enemy image’ of China they seek to unleash America’s ‘crusader state’ mentality It is commonplace for US leaders to assert that American values are ‘universal’ Here we see offensive liberalism ’ the world is divided into ‘good’ states democracies and ‘bad’ states non-democracies The latter are deemed expansive and aggressive There is an eliminationist impulse if ‘bad’ states are troublemakers , regime change is the path to peace This elminationist impulse was on display with the Soviet Union the Russian Civil War psychological warfare’ efforts in the Baltic States a perilous threshold is crossed when competition is converted into ideological struggle Liberalism is the most potent generator of American overreaching The last thing we should want is for the relationship to degenerate into a Second Cold War .


Question: Layne 20 China Cold War

Leadership impact activates America’s crusader mentality and stokes the new Cold War with China

Layne 20, University Distinguished Professor of International Affairs and Robert M. Gates Chair in National Security at Texas A&M University. (Christopher, “Preventing the China-U.S. Cold War from Turning Hot”, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 13, No. 3, doi: 10.1093/cjip/poaa012)

American policy makers are revisiting the First Cold War by characterizing Sino-American relations as a Manichean ideological struggle between freedom and authoritarianism Discourse matters they seek to delegitimize China’s government and create an ‘enemy image’ of China they seek to unleash America’s ‘crusader state’ mentality It is commonplace for US leaders to assert that American values are ‘universal’ Here we see offensive liberalism ’ the world is divided into ‘good’ states democracies and ‘bad’ states non-democracies The latter are deemed expansive and aggressive There is an eliminationist impulse if ‘bad’ states are troublemakers , regime change is the path to peace This elminationist impulse was on display with the Soviet Union the Russian Civil War psychological warfare’ efforts in the Baltic States a perilous threshold is crossed when competition is converted into ideological struggle Liberalism is the most potent generator of American overreaching The last thing we should want is for the relationship to degenerate into a Second Cold War .


Question: Christopher Layne 20

Leadership impact activates America’s crusader mentality and stokes the new Cold War with China

Layne 20, University Distinguished Professor of International Affairs and Robert M. Gates Chair in National Security at Texas A&M University. (Christopher, “Preventing the China-U.S. Cold War from Turning Hot”, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 13, No. 3, doi: 10.1093/cjip/poaa012)

American policy makers are revisiting the First Cold War by characterizing Sino-American relations as a Manichean ideological struggle between freedom and authoritarianism Discourse matters they seek to delegitimize China’s government and create an ‘enemy image’ of China they seek to unleash America’s ‘crusader state’ mentality It is commonplace for US leaders to assert that American values are ‘universal’ Here we see offensive liberalism ’ the world is divided into ‘good’ states democracies and ‘bad’ states non-democracies The latter are deemed expansive and aggressive There is an eliminationist impulse if ‘bad’ states are troublemakers , regime change is the path to peace This elminationist impulse was on display with the Soviet Union the Russian Civil War psychological warfare’ efforts in the Baltic States a perilous threshold is crossed when competition is converted into ideological struggle Liberalism is the most potent generator of American overreaching The last thing we should want is for the relationship to degenerate into a Second Cold War .


Question: America crusader mentality china

Leadership impact activates America’s crusader mentality and stokes the new Cold War with China

Layne 20, University Distinguished Professor of International Affairs and Robert M. Gates Chair in National Security at Texas A&M University. (Christopher, “Preventing the China-U.S. Cold War from Turning Hot”, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 13, No. 3, doi: 10.1093/cjip/poaa012)

American policy makers are revisiting the First Cold War by characterizing Sino-American relations as a Manichean ideological struggle between freedom and authoritarianism Discourse matters they seek to delegitimize China’s government and create an ‘enemy image’ of China they seek to unleash America’s ‘crusader state’ mentality It is commonplace for US leaders to assert that American values are ‘universal’ Here we see offensive liberalism ’ the world is divided into ‘good’ states democracies and ‘bad’ states non-democracies The latter are deemed expansive and aggressive There is an eliminationist impulse if ‘bad’ states are troublemakers , regime change is the path to peace This elminationist impulse was on display with the Soviet Union the Russian Civil War psychological warfare’ efforts in the Baltic States a perilous threshold is crossed when competition is converted into ideological struggle Liberalism is the most potent generator of American overreaching The last thing we should want is for the relationship to degenerate into a Second Cold War .


Question: Sino-American relations ideological struggle

Leadership impact activates America’s crusader mentality and stokes the new Cold War with China

Layne 20, University Distinguished Professor of International Affairs and Robert M. Gates Chair in National Security at Texas A&M University. (Christopher, “Preventing the China-U.S. Cold War from Turning Hot”, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 13, No. 3, doi: 10.1093/cjip/poaa012)

American policy makers are revisiting the First Cold War by characterizing Sino-American relations as a Manichean ideological struggle between freedom and authoritarianism Discourse matters they seek to delegitimize China’s government and create an ‘enemy image’ of China they seek to unleash America’s ‘crusader state’ mentality It is commonplace for US leaders to assert that American values are ‘universal’ Here we see offensive liberalism ’ the world is divided into ‘good’ states democracies and ‘bad’ states non-democracies The latter are deemed expansive and aggressive There is an eliminationist impulse if ‘bad’ states are troublemakers , regime change is the path to peace This elminationist impulse was on display with the Soviet Union the Russian Civil War psychological warfare’ efforts in the Baltic States a perilous threshold is crossed when competition is converted into ideological struggle Liberalism is the most potent generator of American overreaching The last thing we should want is for the relationship to degenerate into a Second Cold War .


Question: offensive liberalism democracies bad states

Leadership impact activates America’s crusader mentality and stokes the new Cold War with China

Layne 20, University Distinguished Professor of International Affairs and Robert M. Gates Chair in National Security at Texas A&M University. (Christopher, “Preventing the China-U.S. Cold War from Turning Hot”, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 13, No. 3, doi: 10.1093/cjip/poaa012)

American policy makers are revisiting the First Cold War by characterizing Sino-American relations as a Manichean ideological struggle between freedom and authoritarianism Discourse matters they seek to delegitimize China’s government and create an ‘enemy image’ of China they seek to unleash America’s ‘crusader state’ mentality It is commonplace for US leaders to assert that American values are ‘universal’ Here we see offensive liberalism ’ the world is divided into ‘good’ states democracies and ‘bad’ states non-democracies The latter are deemed expansive and aggressive There is an eliminationist impulse if ‘bad’ states are troublemakers , regime change is the path to peace This elminationist impulse was on display with the Soviet Union the Russian Civil War psychological warfare’ efforts in the Baltic States a perilous threshold is crossed when competition is converted into ideological struggle Liberalism is the most potent generator of American overreaching The last thing we should want is for the relationship to degenerate into a Second Cold War .


Question: US overreaching china

Leadership impact activates America’s crusader mentality and stokes the new Cold War with China

Layne 20, University Distinguished Professor of International Affairs and Robert M. Gates Chair in National Security at Texas A&M University. (Christopher, “Preventing the China-U.S. Cold War from Turning Hot”, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 13, No. 3, doi: 10.1093/cjip/poaa012)

American policy makers are revisiting the First Cold War by characterizing Sino-American relations as a Manichean ideological struggle between freedom and authoritarianism Discourse matters they seek to delegitimize China’s government and create an ‘enemy image’ of China they seek to unleash America’s ‘crusader state’ mentality It is commonplace for US leaders to assert that American values are ‘universal’ Here we see offensive liberalism ’ the world is divided into ‘good’ states democracies and ‘bad’ states non-democracies The latter are deemed expansive and aggressive There is an eliminationist impulse if ‘bad’ states are troublemakers , regime change is the path to peace This elminationist impulse was on display with the Soviet Union the Russian Civil War psychological warfare’ efforts in the Baltic States a perilous threshold is crossed when competition is converted into ideological struggle Liberalism is the most potent generator of American overreaching The last thing we should want is for the relationship to degenerate into a Second Cold War .


Question: regime change is the path to peace

Leadership impact activates America’s crusader mentality and stokes the new Cold War with China

Layne 20, University Distinguished Professor of International Affairs and Robert M. Gates Chair in National Security at Texas A&M University. (Christopher, “Preventing the China-U.S. Cold War from Turning Hot”, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 13, No. 3, doi: 10.1093/cjip/poaa012)

American policy makers are revisiting the First Cold War by characterizing Sino-American relations as a Manichean ideological struggle between freedom and authoritarianism Discourse matters they seek to delegitimize China’s government and create an ‘enemy image’ of China they seek to unleash America’s ‘crusader state’ mentality It is commonplace for US leaders to assert that American values are ‘universal’ Here we see offensive liberalism ’ the world is divided into ‘good’ states democracies and ‘bad’ states non-democracies The latter are deemed expansive and aggressive There is an eliminationist impulse if ‘bad’ states are troublemakers , regime change is the path to peace This elminationist impulse was on display with the Soviet Union the Russian Civil War psychological warfare’ efforts in the Baltic States a perilous threshold is crossed when competition is converted into ideological struggle Liberalism is the most potent generator of American overreaching The last thing we should want is for the relationship to degenerate into a Second Cold War .


Question: Experimental policymaking shores up Fed credibility

That experimental policymaking shores up Fed credibility and expertise necessary to avoid a slew of existential risks.

Peter Conti-Brown & David Wishnick 21. Assistant Professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Nonresident Fellow in Economics Studies at the Brookings Institution. Academic Fellow at the University of Pennsylvania Law School Center for Technology, Innovation & Competition. “Technocratic Pragmatism, Bureaucratic Expertise, and the Federal Reserve.” The Yale Law Journal. Vol. 130. No. 3. https://www.yalelawjournal.org/feature/technocratic-pragmatism-bureaucratic-expertise-and-the-federal-reserve#_ftnref10

some advocate expansion of its powers to new problems , such as climate Fed should not fear acting at outer edge of authority Failures to develop new expertise undermine ability to deliver mandates “ technocratic pragmatism to live up to Congress’s ambitions its ambit must change encourages experimentation requires guardrails focus away from coercive powers focuses on how the Fed should develop expertise to address new challenges that at present are not at the core of agency but loom menacingly These are existential threaten global security climate pandemics financial crises racism , cybersecurity and others require creative solutions time is running out agencies develop from experience enacting policy into future policymaking build expertise to be effective implementors of policy experimentalist Fed would embrace goal evolution responsive to complex problems permits Fed to anticipate , mitigate resolve existential threats


Question: Conti-Brown & Wishnick

That experimental policymaking shores up Fed credibility and expertise necessary to avoid a slew of existential risks.

Peter Conti-Brown & David Wishnick 21. Assistant Professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Nonresident Fellow in Economics Studies at the Brookings Institution. Academic Fellow at the University of Pennsylvania Law School Center for Technology, Innovation & Competition. “Technocratic Pragmatism, Bureaucratic Expertise, and the Federal Reserve.” The Yale Law Journal. Vol. 130. No. 3. https://www.yalelawjournal.org/feature/technocratic-pragmatism-bureaucratic-expertise-and-the-federal-reserve#_ftnref10

some advocate expansion of its powers to new problems , such as climate Fed should not fear acting at outer edge of authority Failures to develop new expertise undermine ability to deliver mandates “ technocratic pragmatism to live up to Congress’s ambitions its ambit must change encourages experimentation requires guardrails focus away from coercive powers focuses on how the Fed should develop expertise to address new challenges that at present are not at the core of agency but loom menacingly These are existential threaten global security climate pandemics financial crises racism , cybersecurity and others require creative solutions time is running out agencies develop from experience enacting policy into future policymaking build expertise to be effective implementors of policy experimentalist Fed would embrace goal evolution responsive to complex problems permits Fed to anticipate , mitigate resolve existential threats


Question: Fed credibility and expertise

That experimental policymaking shores up Fed credibility and expertise necessary to avoid a slew of existential risks.

Peter Conti-Brown & David Wishnick 21. Assistant Professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Nonresident Fellow in Economics Studies at the Brookings Institution. Academic Fellow at the University of Pennsylvania Law School Center for Technology, Innovation & Competition. “Technocratic Pragmatism, Bureaucratic Expertise, and the Federal Reserve.” The Yale Law Journal. Vol. 130. No. 3. https://www.yalelawjournal.org/feature/technocratic-pragmatism-bureaucratic-expertise-and-the-federal-reserve#_ftnref10

some advocate expansion of its powers to new problems , such as climate Fed should not fear acting at outer edge of authority Failures to develop new expertise undermine ability to deliver mandates “ technocratic pragmatism to live up to Congress’s ambitions its ambit must change encourages experimentation requires guardrails focus away from coercive powers focuses on how the Fed should develop expertise to address new challenges that at present are not at the core of agency but loom menacingly These are existential threaten global security climate pandemics financial crises racism , cybersecurity and others require creative solutions time is running out agencies develop from experience enacting policy into future policymaking build expertise to be effective implementors of policy experimentalist Fed would embrace goal evolution responsive to complex problems permits Fed to anticipate , mitigate resolve existential threats


Question: Technocratic Pragmatism, Bureaucratic Expertise

That experimental policymaking shores up Fed credibility and expertise necessary to avoid a slew of existential risks.

Peter Conti-Brown & David Wishnick 21. Assistant Professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Nonresident Fellow in Economics Studies at the Brookings Institution. Academic Fellow at the University of Pennsylvania Law School Center for Technology, Innovation & Competition. “Technocratic Pragmatism, Bureaucratic Expertise, and the Federal Reserve.” The Yale Law Journal. Vol. 130. No. 3. https://www.yalelawjournal.org/feature/technocratic-pragmatism-bureaucratic-expertise-and-the-federal-reserve#_ftnref10

some advocate expansion of its powers to new problems , such as climate Fed should not fear acting at outer edge of authority Failures to develop new expertise undermine ability to deliver mandates “ technocratic pragmatism to live up to Congress’s ambitions its ambit must change encourages experimentation requires guardrails focus away from coercive powers focuses on how the Fed should develop expertise to address new challenges that at present are not at the core of agency but loom menacingly These are existential threaten global security climate pandemics financial crises racism , cybersecurity and others require creative solutions time is running out agencies develop from experience enacting policy into future policymaking build expertise to be effective implementors of policy experimentalist Fed would embrace goal evolution responsive to complex problems permits Fed to anticipate , mitigate resolve existential threats


Question: Fed acting at outer edge of authority

That experimental policymaking shores up Fed credibility and expertise necessary to avoid a slew of existential risks.

Peter Conti-Brown & David Wishnick 21. Assistant Professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Nonresident Fellow in Economics Studies at the Brookings Institution. Academic Fellow at the University of Pennsylvania Law School Center for Technology, Innovation & Competition. “Technocratic Pragmatism, Bureaucratic Expertise, and the Federal Reserve.” The Yale Law Journal. Vol. 130. No. 3. https://www.yalelawjournal.org/feature/technocratic-pragmatism-bureaucratic-expertise-and-the-federal-reserve#_ftnref10

some advocate expansion of its powers to new problems , such as climate Fed should not fear acting at outer edge of authority Failures to develop new expertise undermine ability to deliver mandates “ technocratic pragmatism to live up to Congress’s ambitions its ambit must change encourages experimentation requires guardrails focus away from coercive powers focuses on how the Fed should develop expertise to address new challenges that at present are not at the core of agency but loom menacingly These are existential threaten global security climate pandemics financial crises racism , cybersecurity and others require creative solutions time is running out agencies develop from experience enacting policy into future policymaking build expertise to be effective implementors of policy experimentalist Fed would embrace goal evolution responsive to complex problems permits Fed to anticipate , mitigate resolve existential threats


Question: existential risks climate pandemics financial

That experimental policymaking shores up Fed credibility and expertise necessary to avoid a slew of existential risks.

Peter Conti-Brown & David Wishnick 21. Assistant Professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Nonresident Fellow in Economics Studies at the Brookings Institution. Academic Fellow at the University of Pennsylvania Law School Center for Technology, Innovation & Competition. “Technocratic Pragmatism, Bureaucratic Expertise, and the Federal Reserve.” The Yale Law Journal. Vol. 130. No. 3. https://www.yalelawjournal.org/feature/technocratic-pragmatism-bureaucratic-expertise-and-the-federal-reserve#_ftnref10

some advocate expansion of its powers to new problems , such as climate Fed should not fear acting at outer edge of authority Failures to develop new expertise undermine ability to deliver mandates “ technocratic pragmatism to live up to Congress’s ambitions its ambit must change encourages experimentation requires guardrails focus away from coercive powers focuses on how the Fed should develop expertise to address new challenges that at present are not at the core of agency but loom menacingly These are existential threaten global security climate pandemics financial crises racism , cybersecurity and others require creative solutions time is running out agencies develop from experience enacting policy into future policymaking build expertise to be effective implementors of policy experimentalist Fed would embrace goal evolution responsive to complex problems permits Fed to anticipate , mitigate resolve existential threats


Question: experimentalist Fed to resolve existential threats

That experimental policymaking shores up Fed credibility and expertise necessary to avoid a slew of existential risks.

Peter Conti-Brown & David Wishnick 21. Assistant Professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Nonresident Fellow in Economics Studies at the Brookings Institution. Academic Fellow at the University of Pennsylvania Law School Center for Technology, Innovation & Competition. “Technocratic Pragmatism, Bureaucratic Expertise, and the Federal Reserve.” The Yale Law Journal. Vol. 130. No. 3. https://www.yalelawjournal.org/feature/technocratic-pragmatism-bureaucratic-expertise-and-the-federal-reserve#_ftnref10

some advocate expansion of its powers to new problems , such as climate Fed should not fear acting at outer edge of authority Failures to develop new expertise undermine ability to deliver mandates “ technocratic pragmatism to live up to Congress’s ambitions its ambit must change encourages experimentation requires guardrails focus away from coercive powers focuses on how the Fed should develop expertise to address new challenges that at present are not at the core of agency but loom menacingly These are existential threaten global security climate pandemics financial crises racism , cybersecurity and others require creative solutions time is running out agencies develop from experience enacting policy into future policymaking build expertise to be effective implementors of policy experimentalist Fed would embrace goal evolution responsive to complex problems permits Fed to anticipate , mitigate resolve existential threats


Question: Fed develop expertise to address new challenges

That experimental policymaking shores up Fed credibility and expertise necessary to avoid a slew of existential risks.

Peter Conti-Brown & David Wishnick 21. Assistant Professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and Nonresident Fellow in Economics Studies at the Brookings Institution. Academic Fellow at the University of Pennsylvania Law School Center for Technology, Innovation & Competition. “Technocratic Pragmatism, Bureaucratic Expertise, and the Federal Reserve.” The Yale Law Journal. Vol. 130. No. 3. https://www.yalelawjournal.org/feature/technocratic-pragmatism-bureaucratic-expertise-and-the-federal-reserve#_ftnref10

some advocate expansion of its powers to new problems , such as climate Fed should not fear acting at outer edge of authority Failures to develop new expertise undermine ability to deliver mandates “ technocratic pragmatism to live up to Congress’s ambitions its ambit must change encourages experimentation requires guardrails focus away from coercive powers focuses on how the Fed should develop expertise to address new challenges that at present are not at the core of agency but loom menacingly These are existential threaten global security climate pandemics financial crises racism , cybersecurity and others require creative solutions time is running out agencies develop from experience enacting policy into future policymaking build expertise to be effective implementors of policy experimentalist Fed would embrace goal evolution responsive to complex problems permits Fed to anticipate , mitigate resolve existential threats


Question: Unregulated AI extinction

Unregulated AI will eventually cause extinction through a litany of unpredictable outcomes

Thomas Frey, 12-16-2021, "What Happens When We Lose Control of AI?," Futurist Speaker and executive director and founder, past engineer with IBM, https://futuristspeaker.com/artificial-intelligence/what-happens-when-we-lose-control-of-ai/ smarx, AZG)

AI comes with inherent risks we haven’t fathomed yet AI can make mistakes AI developed a troubling tendency of issuing faulty and dangerous clinical guidance Cyber AI terrorists undoubtedly leverage this trick AI might eradicate anyone with cancerous cells in their body everyone has cancer cells in their body, this would instantly turn into mass extinction AI could cause the end of mankind it will be just a matter of time


Question: Thomas Frey 2021

Unregulated AI will eventually cause extinction through a litany of unpredictable outcomes

Thomas Frey, 12-16-2021, "What Happens When We Lose Control of AI?," Futurist Speaker and executive director and founder, past engineer with IBM, https://futuristspeaker.com/artificial-intelligence/what-happens-when-we-lose-control-of-ai/ smarx, AZG)

AI comes with inherent risks we haven’t fathomed yet AI can make mistakes AI developed a troubling tendency of issuing faulty and dangerous clinical guidance Cyber AI terrorists undoubtedly leverage this trick AI might eradicate anyone with cancerous cells in their body everyone has cancer cells in their body, this would instantly turn into mass extinction AI could cause the end of mankind it will be just a matter of time


Question: AI inherent risks

Unregulated AI will eventually cause extinction through a litany of unpredictable outcomes

Thomas Frey, 12-16-2021, "What Happens When We Lose Control of AI?," Futurist Speaker and executive director and founder, past engineer with IBM, https://futuristspeaker.com/artificial-intelligence/what-happens-when-we-lose-control-of-ai/ smarx, AZG)

AI comes with inherent risks we haven’t fathomed yet AI can make mistakes AI developed a troubling tendency of issuing faulty and dangerous clinical guidance Cyber AI terrorists undoubtedly leverage this trick AI might eradicate anyone with cancerous cells in their body everyone has cancer cells in their body, this would instantly turn into mass extinction AI could cause the end of mankind it will be just a matter of time


Question: Unregulated AI mass extinction

Unregulated AI will eventually cause extinction through a litany of unpredictable outcomes

Thomas Frey, 12-16-2021, "What Happens When We Lose Control of AI?," Futurist Speaker and executive director and founder, past engineer with IBM, https://futuristspeaker.com/artificial-intelligence/what-happens-when-we-lose-control-of-ai/ smarx, AZG)

AI comes with inherent risks we haven’t fathomed yet AI can make mistakes AI developed a troubling tendency of issuing faulty and dangerous clinical guidance Cyber AI terrorists undoubtedly leverage this trick AI might eradicate anyone with cancerous cells in their body everyone has cancer cells in their body, this would instantly turn into mass extinction AI could cause the end of mankind it will be just a matter of time


Question: AI eradicate cancerous cells

Unregulated AI will eventually cause extinction through a litany of unpredictable outcomes

Thomas Frey, 12-16-2021, "What Happens When We Lose Control of AI?," Futurist Speaker and executive director and founder, past engineer with IBM, https://futuristspeaker.com/artificial-intelligence/what-happens-when-we-lose-control-of-ai/ smarx, AZG)

AI comes with inherent risks we haven’t fathomed yet AI can make mistakes AI developed a troubling tendency of issuing faulty and dangerous clinical guidance Cyber AI terrorists undoubtedly leverage this trick AI might eradicate anyone with cancerous cells in their body everyone has cancer cells in their body, this would instantly turn into mass extinction AI could cause the end of mankind it will be just a matter of time


Question: loss of control of AI

Unregulated AI will eventually cause extinction through a litany of unpredictable outcomes

Thomas Frey, 12-16-2021, "What Happens When We Lose Control of AI?," Futurist Speaker and executive director and founder, past engineer with IBM, https://futuristspeaker.com/artificial-intelligence/what-happens-when-we-lose-control-of-ai/ smarx, AZG)

AI comes with inherent risks we haven’t fathomed yet AI can make mistakes AI developed a troubling tendency of issuing faulty and dangerous clinical guidance Cyber AI terrorists undoubtedly leverage this trick AI might eradicate anyone with cancerous cells in their body everyone has cancer cells in their body, this would instantly turn into mass extinction AI could cause the end of mankind it will be just a matter of time


Question: AI clinical guidance dangerous

Unregulated AI will eventually cause extinction through a litany of unpredictable outcomes

Thomas Frey, 12-16-2021, "What Happens When We Lose Control of AI?," Futurist Speaker and executive director and founder, past engineer with IBM, https://futuristspeaker.com/artificial-intelligence/what-happens-when-we-lose-control-of-ai/ smarx, AZG)

AI comes with inherent risks we haven’t fathomed yet AI can make mistakes AI developed a troubling tendency of issuing faulty and dangerous clinical guidance Cyber AI terrorists undoubtedly leverage this trick AI might eradicate anyone with cancerous cells in their body everyone has cancer cells in their body, this would instantly turn into mass extinction AI could cause the end of mankind it will be just a matter of time


Question: AI causes the end of mankind

Unregulated AI will eventually cause extinction through a litany of unpredictable outcomes

Thomas Frey, 12-16-2021, "What Happens When We Lose Control of AI?," Futurist Speaker and executive director and founder, past engineer with IBM, https://futuristspeaker.com/artificial-intelligence/what-happens-when-we-lose-control-of-ai/ smarx, AZG)

AI comes with inherent risks we haven’t fathomed yet AI can make mistakes AI developed a troubling tendency of issuing faulty and dangerous clinical guidance Cyber AI terrorists undoubtedly leverage this trick AI might eradicate anyone with cancerous cells in their body everyone has cancer cells in their body, this would instantly turn into mass extinction AI could cause the end of mankind it will be just a matter of time


Question: Oil prices are low

1—Oil prices are low.

Webb 9—13 [Shelby Webb covers oil and gas for E&E News by POLITICO. "Oil prices could shake up Trump-Harris energy fight", E&E News by POLITICO, https://www.eenews.net/articles/oil-prices-could-shake-up-trump-harris-energy-fight/ published 9-13-2024, accessed 9-13-2024]

oil prices fell to the lowest in three years barrel of Brent crude settled at $69.19 Tuesday’s price was the lowest since 21 after oil traded at $90 per barrel earlier this year factors : record-breaking U.S. production and questions about demand I E A revised projections for demand in the coming months based on Chinese consumption


Question: Webb 9-13

1—Oil prices are low.

Webb 9—13 [Shelby Webb covers oil and gas for E&E News by POLITICO. "Oil prices could shake up Trump-Harris energy fight", E&E News by POLITICO, https://www.eenews.net/articles/oil-prices-could-shake-up-trump-harris-energy-fight/ published 9-13-2024, accessed 9-13-2024]

oil prices fell to the lowest in three years barrel of Brent crude settled at $69.19 Tuesday’s price was the lowest since 21 after oil traded at $90 per barrel earlier this year factors : record-breaking U.S. production and questions about demand I E A revised projections for demand in the coming months based on Chinese consumption


Question: low oil prices China

1—Oil prices are low.

Webb 9—13 [Shelby Webb covers oil and gas for E&E News by POLITICO. "Oil prices could shake up Trump-Harris energy fight", E&E News by POLITICO, https://www.eenews.net/articles/oil-prices-could-shake-up-trump-harris-energy-fight/ published 9-13-2024, accessed 9-13-2024]

oil prices fell to the lowest in three years barrel of Brent crude settled at $69.19 Tuesday’s price was the lowest since 21 after oil traded at $90 per barrel earlier this year factors : record-breaking U.S. production and questions about demand I E A revised projections for demand in the coming months based on Chinese consumption


Question: oil prices shake up energy

1—Oil prices are low.

Webb 9—13 [Shelby Webb covers oil and gas for E&E News by POLITICO. "Oil prices could shake up Trump-Harris energy fight", E&E News by POLITICO, https://www.eenews.net/articles/oil-prices-could-shake-up-trump-harris-energy-fight/ published 9-13-2024, accessed 9-13-2024]

oil prices fell to the lowest in three years barrel of Brent crude settled at $69.19 Tuesday’s price was the lowest since 21 after oil traded at $90 per barrel earlier this year factors : record-breaking U.S. production and questions about demand I E A revised projections for demand in the coming months based on Chinese consumption


Question: low oil prices demand

1—Oil prices are low.

Webb 9—13 [Shelby Webb covers oil and gas for E&E News by POLITICO. "Oil prices could shake up Trump-Harris energy fight", E&E News by POLITICO, https://www.eenews.net/articles/oil-prices-could-shake-up-trump-harris-energy-fight/ published 9-13-2024, accessed 9-13-2024]

oil prices fell to the lowest in three years barrel of Brent crude settled at $69.19 Tuesday’s price was the lowest since 21 after oil traded at $90 per barrel earlier this year factors : record-breaking U.S. production and questions about demand I E A revised projections for demand in the coming months based on Chinese consumption


Question: Brent crude lowest price

1—Oil prices are low.

Webb 9—13 [Shelby Webb covers oil and gas for E&E News by POLITICO. "Oil prices could shake up Trump-Harris energy fight", E&E News by POLITICO, https://www.eenews.net/articles/oil-prices-could-shake-up-trump-harris-energy-fight/ published 9-13-2024, accessed 9-13-2024]

oil prices fell to the lowest in three years barrel of Brent crude settled at $69.19 Tuesday’s price was the lowest since 21 after oil traded at $90 per barrel earlier this year factors : record-breaking U.S. production and questions about demand I E A revised projections for demand in the coming months based on Chinese consumption


Question: Oil prices fell

1—Oil prices are low.

Webb 9—13 [Shelby Webb covers oil and gas for E&E News by POLITICO. "Oil prices could shake up Trump-Harris energy fight", E&E News by POLITICO, https://www.eenews.net/articles/oil-prices-could-shake-up-trump-harris-energy-fight/ published 9-13-2024, accessed 9-13-2024]

oil prices fell to the lowest in three years barrel of Brent crude settled at $69.19 Tuesday’s price was the lowest since 21 after oil traded at $90 per barrel earlier this year factors : record-breaking U.S. production and questions about demand I E A revised projections for demand in the coming months based on Chinese consumption


Question: Asian proliferation

2. ASIAN PROLIF.

Cimbala ’23 [Stephen and Adam Lowther; June 2023; Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Wisconsin, Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Penn State University; Ph.D. from the University of Alabama, Director of Research and Education at the Louisiana Tech Research Institute; Springer, “Nuclear Danger in Asia: Arms Races or Stability?” p. 266-280]

Unstable c and c over nuc s could be joined to nationalist hostility Leaders will have objectives less road tested against accidental or deliberate escalation Asia misperceive they are under attack based on deficient indicators or mistake s Hostile powers employ first use against allies combination of nuclear and cyber create escalation into a nuclear crisis


Question: Cimbala 2023

2. ASIAN PROLIF.

Cimbala ’23 [Stephen and Adam Lowther; June 2023; Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Wisconsin, Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Penn State University; Ph.D. from the University of Alabama, Director of Research and Education at the Louisiana Tech Research Institute; Springer, “Nuclear Danger in Asia: Arms Races or Stability?” p. 266-280]

Unstable c and c over nuc s could be joined to nationalist hostility Leaders will have objectives less road tested against accidental or deliberate escalation Asia misperceive they are under attack based on deficient indicators or mistake s Hostile powers employ first use against allies combination of nuclear and cyber create escalation into a nuclear crisis


Question: Stephen Cimbala

2. ASIAN PROLIF.

Cimbala ’23 [Stephen and Adam Lowther; June 2023; Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Wisconsin, Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Penn State University; Ph.D. from the University of Alabama, Director of Research and Education at the Louisiana Tech Research Institute; Springer, “Nuclear Danger in Asia: Arms Races or Stability?” p. 266-280]

Unstable c and c over nuc s could be joined to nationalist hostility Leaders will have objectives less road tested against accidental or deliberate escalation Asia misperceive they are under attack based on deficient indicators or mistake s Hostile powers employ first use against allies combination of nuclear and cyber create escalation into a nuclear crisis


Question: Asia nuclear command and control

2. ASIAN PROLIF.

Cimbala ’23 [Stephen and Adam Lowther; June 2023; Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Wisconsin, Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Penn State University; Ph.D. from the University of Alabama, Director of Research and Education at the Louisiana Tech Research Institute; Springer, “Nuclear Danger in Asia: Arms Races or Stability?” p. 266-280]

Unstable c and c over nuc s could be joined to nationalist hostility Leaders will have objectives less road tested against accidental or deliberate escalation Asia misperceive they are under attack based on deficient indicators or mistake s Hostile powers employ first use against allies combination of nuclear and cyber create escalation into a nuclear crisis