Question: hegemonic ideology

Green capitalist realism constrains political possibility – challenging hegemonic ideology is literally try or die.

Buller 22, MSc, Senior Fellow at Common Wealth. (Adrienne, “Between the devil and the deep blue sea: should we accept green capitalist solutions?” in The Value of a Whale: On the Illusions of Green Capitalism, p. 278-280, Manchester University Press)

green cap reflects an entrenched cultural sense of what is possible Received common sense is growth ‘lifts all boats’ even when lifting toward catastrophe Market economics hold a monopoly over what is deemed ‘utopian’ The implication is market solutions engage with the world as it is. they don’t there is much about the world they wilfully ignore evidence suggests addressing environmental breakdown require direct downscaling of production and consumption Perhaps this is utopian But amidst a planetary crisis it shouldn’t be We cling to what exists because we can no longer imagine an alternative The time is long overdue for imagining


Question: challenging capitalism is try or die

Green capitalist realism constrains political possibility – challenging hegemonic ideology is literally try or die.

Buller 22, MSc, Senior Fellow at Common Wealth. (Adrienne, “Between the devil and the deep blue sea: should we accept green capitalist solutions?” in The Value of a Whale: On the Illusions of Green Capitalism, p. 278-280, Manchester University Press)

green cap reflects an entrenched cultural sense of what is possible Received common sense is growth ‘lifts all boats’ even when lifting toward catastrophe Market economics hold a monopoly over what is deemed ‘utopian’ The implication is market solutions engage with the world as it is. they don’t there is much about the world they wilfully ignore evidence suggests addressing environmental breakdown require direct downscaling of production and consumption Perhaps this is utopian But amidst a planetary crisis it shouldn’t be We cling to what exists because we can no longer imagine an alternative The time is long overdue for imagining


Question: market solutions engage with world

Green capitalist realism constrains political possibility – challenging hegemonic ideology is literally try or die.

Buller 22, MSc, Senior Fellow at Common Wealth. (Adrienne, “Between the devil and the deep blue sea: should we accept green capitalist solutions?” in The Value of a Whale: On the Illusions of Green Capitalism, p. 278-280, Manchester University Press)

green cap reflects an entrenched cultural sense of what is possible Received common sense is growth ‘lifts all boats’ even when lifting toward catastrophe Market economics hold a monopoly over what is deemed ‘utopian’ The implication is market solutions engage with the world as it is. they don’t there is much about the world they wilfully ignore evidence suggests addressing environmental breakdown require direct downscaling of production and consumption Perhaps this is utopian But amidst a planetary crisis it shouldn’t be We cling to what exists because we can no longer imagine an alternative The time is long overdue for imagining


Question: downscaling production and consumption

Green capitalist realism constrains political possibility – challenging hegemonic ideology is literally try or die.

Buller 22, MSc, Senior Fellow at Common Wealth. (Adrienne, “Between the devil and the deep blue sea: should we accept green capitalist solutions?” in The Value of a Whale: On the Illusions of Green Capitalism, p. 278-280, Manchester University Press)

green cap reflects an entrenched cultural sense of what is possible Received common sense is growth ‘lifts all boats’ even when lifting toward catastrophe Market economics hold a monopoly over what is deemed ‘utopian’ The implication is market solutions engage with the world as it is. they don’t there is much about the world they wilfully ignore evidence suggests addressing environmental breakdown require direct downscaling of production and consumption Perhaps this is utopian But amidst a planetary crisis it shouldn’t be We cling to what exists because we can no longer imagine an alternative The time is long overdue for imagining


Question: common sense is growth

Green capitalist realism constrains political possibility – challenging hegemonic ideology is literally try or die.

Buller 22, MSc, Senior Fellow at Common Wealth. (Adrienne, “Between the devil and the deep blue sea: should we accept green capitalist solutions?” in The Value of a Whale: On the Illusions of Green Capitalism, p. 278-280, Manchester University Press)

green cap reflects an entrenched cultural sense of what is possible Received common sense is growth ‘lifts all boats’ even when lifting toward catastrophe Market economics hold a monopoly over what is deemed ‘utopian’ The implication is market solutions engage with the world as it is. they don’t there is much about the world they wilfully ignore evidence suggests addressing environmental breakdown require direct downscaling of production and consumption Perhaps this is utopian But amidst a planetary crisis it shouldn’t be We cling to what exists because we can no longer imagine an alternative The time is long overdue for imagining


Question: green capitalism constrains political possibility

Green capitalist realism constrains political possibility – challenging hegemonic ideology is literally try or die.

Buller 22, MSc, Senior Fellow at Common Wealth. (Adrienne, “Between the devil and the deep blue sea: should we accept green capitalist solutions?” in The Value of a Whale: On the Illusions of Green Capitalism, p. 278-280, Manchester University Press)

green cap reflects an entrenched cultural sense of what is possible Received common sense is growth ‘lifts all boats’ even when lifting toward catastrophe Market economics hold a monopoly over what is deemed ‘utopian’ The implication is market solutions engage with the world as it is. they don’t there is much about the world they wilfully ignore evidence suggests addressing environmental breakdown require direct downscaling of production and consumption Perhaps this is utopian But amidst a planetary crisis it shouldn’t be We cling to what exists because we can no longer imagine an alternative The time is long overdue for imagining


Question: A---LINK UNIQUENESS

A---LINK UNIQUENESS. Biden’s already dumped cash on renewables and set stringent regulations.

Corbyn 24, freelance journalist. (Zoe, 8 April 2024, “Boom times for US green energy as federal cash flows in,” BBC, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68667140) <<Pictures Omitted>>

the IRA, along with the BIL funnel billions into clean energy a cost now predicted to reach over 1tn the IRA offers juicer tax credits, as well as loans


Question: Corbyn 2024

A---LINK UNIQUENESS. Biden’s already dumped cash on renewables and set stringent regulations.

Corbyn 24, freelance journalist. (Zoe, 8 April 2024, “Boom times for US green energy as federal cash flows in,” BBC, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68667140) <<Pictures Omitted>>

the IRA, along with the BIL funnel billions into clean energy a cost now predicted to reach over 1tn the IRA offers juicer tax credits, as well as loans


Question: Biden dumped cash on renewables

A---LINK UNIQUENESS. Biden’s already dumped cash on renewables and set stringent regulations.

Corbyn 24, freelance journalist. (Zoe, 8 April 2024, “Boom times for US green energy as federal cash flows in,” BBC, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68667140) <<Pictures Omitted>>

the IRA, along with the BIL funnel billions into clean energy a cost now predicted to reach over 1tn the IRA offers juicer tax credits, as well as loans


Question: IRA clean energy tax credits

A---LINK UNIQUENESS. Biden’s already dumped cash on renewables and set stringent regulations.

Corbyn 24, freelance journalist. (Zoe, 8 April 2024, “Boom times for US green energy as federal cash flows in,” BBC, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68667140) <<Pictures Omitted>>

the IRA, along with the BIL funnel billions into clean energy a cost now predicted to reach over 1tn the IRA offers juicer tax credits, as well as loans


Question: US green energy boom

A---LINK UNIQUENESS. Biden’s already dumped cash on renewables and set stringent regulations.

Corbyn 24, freelance journalist. (Zoe, 8 April 2024, “Boom times for US green energy as federal cash flows in,” BBC, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68667140) <<Pictures Omitted>>

the IRA, along with the BIL funnel billions into clean energy a cost now predicted to reach over 1tn the IRA offers juicer tax credits, as well as loans


Question: Biden regulations and renewables spending

A---LINK UNIQUENESS. Biden’s already dumped cash on renewables and set stringent regulations.

Corbyn 24, freelance journalist. (Zoe, 8 April 2024, “Boom times for US green energy as federal cash flows in,” BBC, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68667140) <<Pictures Omitted>>

the IRA, along with the BIL funnel billions into clean energy a cost now predicted to reach over 1tn the IRA offers juicer tax credits, as well as loans


Question: Capital requirements improve bank performance

Capital requirements improve bank performance and prevent downside risk.  Neg evidence comes from banking lobbyists dedicated to executive compensation.

Carter DOUGHERTY Communications Director at Americans for Financial Reform AND Renita MARCELLIN Americans for Financial Reform Legislative and Advocacy Director ’23 https://ourfinancialsecurity.org/2023/03/blog-fed-should-ignore-megabank-lobby-and-strengthen-capital-rules/

megabank lobby is repeating the same tired arguments about harms to growth banks profit from weaker capital rules evidence piled up refuting the bank lobby’s claims Bank capital is not money locked away The Bank Policy Institute literature review claim increase can reduce GDP by up to 16 points the study calculated the optimal leverage ratio 19 percent much higher than the minimum increased capital requirements led to 18 point reduction in the cost of a financial crisis . what is proven is low levels of capital lead banks to abruptly reduce lending in a crisis , deepening the adverse impact consequences of weak rules were catastrophic


Question: DOUGHERTY AND MARCELLIN '23

Capital requirements improve bank performance and prevent downside risk.  Neg evidence comes from banking lobbyists dedicated to executive compensation.

Carter DOUGHERTY Communications Director at Americans for Financial Reform AND Renita MARCELLIN Americans for Financial Reform Legislative and Advocacy Director ’23 https://ourfinancialsecurity.org/2023/03/blog-fed-should-ignore-megabank-lobby-and-strengthen-capital-rules/

megabank lobby is repeating the same tired arguments about harms to growth banks profit from weaker capital rules evidence piled up refuting the bank lobby’s claims Bank capital is not money locked away The Bank Policy Institute literature review claim increase can reduce GDP by up to 16 points the study calculated the optimal leverage ratio 19 percent much higher than the minimum increased capital requirements led to 18 point reduction in the cost of a financial crisis . what is proven is low levels of capital lead banks to abruptly reduce lending in a crisis , deepening the adverse impact consequences of weak rules were catastrophic


Question: Financial Reform capital rules

Capital requirements improve bank performance and prevent downside risk.  Neg evidence comes from banking lobbyists dedicated to executive compensation.

Carter DOUGHERTY Communications Director at Americans for Financial Reform AND Renita MARCELLIN Americans for Financial Reform Legislative and Advocacy Director ’23 https://ourfinancialsecurity.org/2023/03/blog-fed-should-ignore-megabank-lobby-and-strengthen-capital-rules/

megabank lobby is repeating the same tired arguments about harms to growth banks profit from weaker capital rules evidence piled up refuting the bank lobby’s claims Bank capital is not money locked away The Bank Policy Institute literature review claim increase can reduce GDP by up to 16 points the study calculated the optimal leverage ratio 19 percent much higher than the minimum increased capital requirements led to 18 point reduction in the cost of a financial crisis . what is proven is low levels of capital lead banks to abruptly reduce lending in a crisis , deepening the adverse impact consequences of weak rules were catastrophic


Question: Bank capital is not money locked away

Capital requirements improve bank performance and prevent downside risk.  Neg evidence comes from banking lobbyists dedicated to executive compensation.

Carter DOUGHERTY Communications Director at Americans for Financial Reform AND Renita MARCELLIN Americans for Financial Reform Legislative and Advocacy Director ’23 https://ourfinancialsecurity.org/2023/03/blog-fed-should-ignore-megabank-lobby-and-strengthen-capital-rules/

megabank lobby is repeating the same tired arguments about harms to growth banks profit from weaker capital rules evidence piled up refuting the bank lobby’s claims Bank capital is not money locked away The Bank Policy Institute literature review claim increase can reduce GDP by up to 16 points the study calculated the optimal leverage ratio 19 percent much higher than the minimum increased capital requirements led to 18 point reduction in the cost of a financial crisis . what is proven is low levels of capital lead banks to abruptly reduce lending in a crisis , deepening the adverse impact consequences of weak rules were catastrophic


Question: megabank lobby tired arguments

Capital requirements improve bank performance and prevent downside risk.  Neg evidence comes from banking lobbyists dedicated to executive compensation.

Carter DOUGHERTY Communications Director at Americans for Financial Reform AND Renita MARCELLIN Americans for Financial Reform Legislative and Advocacy Director ’23 https://ourfinancialsecurity.org/2023/03/blog-fed-should-ignore-megabank-lobby-and-strengthen-capital-rules/

megabank lobby is repeating the same tired arguments about harms to growth banks profit from weaker capital rules evidence piled up refuting the bank lobby’s claims Bank capital is not money locked away The Bank Policy Institute literature review claim increase can reduce GDP by up to 16 points the study calculated the optimal leverage ratio 19 percent much higher than the minimum increased capital requirements led to 18 point reduction in the cost of a financial crisis . what is proven is low levels of capital lead banks to abruptly reduce lending in a crisis , deepening the adverse impact consequences of weak rules were catastrophic


Question: weaker capital rules banks profit

Capital requirements improve bank performance and prevent downside risk.  Neg evidence comes from banking lobbyists dedicated to executive compensation.

Carter DOUGHERTY Communications Director at Americans for Financial Reform AND Renita MARCELLIN Americans for Financial Reform Legislative and Advocacy Director ’23 https://ourfinancialsecurity.org/2023/03/blog-fed-should-ignore-megabank-lobby-and-strengthen-capital-rules/

megabank lobby is repeating the same tired arguments about harms to growth banks profit from weaker capital rules evidence piled up refuting the bank lobby’s claims Bank capital is not money locked away The Bank Policy Institute literature review claim increase can reduce GDP by up to 16 points the study calculated the optimal leverage ratio 19 percent much higher than the minimum increased capital requirements led to 18 point reduction in the cost of a financial crisis . what is proven is low levels of capital lead banks to abruptly reduce lending in a crisis , deepening the adverse impact consequences of weak rules were catastrophic


Question: capital requirements reduce financial crisis

Capital requirements improve bank performance and prevent downside risk.  Neg evidence comes from banking lobbyists dedicated to executive compensation.

Carter DOUGHERTY Communications Director at Americans for Financial Reform AND Renita MARCELLIN Americans for Financial Reform Legislative and Advocacy Director ’23 https://ourfinancialsecurity.org/2023/03/blog-fed-should-ignore-megabank-lobby-and-strengthen-capital-rules/

megabank lobby is repeating the same tired arguments about harms to growth banks profit from weaker capital rules evidence piled up refuting the bank lobby’s claims Bank capital is not money locked away The Bank Policy Institute literature review claim increase can reduce GDP by up to 16 points the study calculated the optimal leverage ratio 19 percent much higher than the minimum increased capital requirements led to 18 point reduction in the cost of a financial crisis . what is proven is low levels of capital lead banks to abruptly reduce lending in a crisis , deepening the adverse impact consequences of weak rules were catastrophic


Question: Global fragmentation economic crash inevitable

Global fragmentation and future crises make economic crash inevitable.

Kristalina Georgieva, 8-22-2023, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, "The Price of Fragmentation," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/world/price-fragmentation-global-economy-shock, KL

cooperation is in retreat the world is witnessing fragmentation national security considerations job losses and inequality fueled social tensions protectionism Another pandemic could push the world into crisis . Military conflict could disrupt markets climate is introducing shocks debt is putting sustainability at risk fragmentation could reduce GDP by seven percent in 2019, countries imposed 1,000 restrictions on trade; in 2022 3,000 Fragmentation can disrupt markets and create food and energy insecurity neoliberal regulation created patchwork of competition that depresses global demand capital’s mobility undermines local production by increasing consumption of imported commodities market has been prevented from falling deeply by cheap debt overaccumulation with speculative financial bubbles is underpinned by zero-sum logic of competitive wage advantage nationalism is the effect of globalisation volatility implies uncertainty by importing overseas labour foreign forces cast as the cause escalating mistrust and competition spill over into international war


Question: Georgieva 2023 IMF fragmentation

Global fragmentation and future crises make economic crash inevitable.

Kristalina Georgieva, 8-22-2023, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, "The Price of Fragmentation," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/world/price-fragmentation-global-economy-shock, KL

cooperation is in retreat the world is witnessing fragmentation national security considerations job losses and inequality fueled social tensions protectionism Another pandemic could push the world into crisis . Military conflict could disrupt markets climate is introducing shocks debt is putting sustainability at risk fragmentation could reduce GDP by seven percent in 2019, countries imposed 1,000 restrictions on trade; in 2022 3,000 Fragmentation can disrupt markets and create food and energy insecurity neoliberal regulation created patchwork of competition that depresses global demand capital’s mobility undermines local production by increasing consumption of imported commodities market has been prevented from falling deeply by cheap debt overaccumulation with speculative financial bubbles is underpinned by zero-sum logic of competitive wage advantage nationalism is the effect of globalisation volatility implies uncertainty by importing overseas labour foreign forces cast as the cause escalating mistrust and competition spill over into international war


Question: Kristalina Georgieva Foreign Affairs

Global fragmentation and future crises make economic crash inevitable.

Kristalina Georgieva, 8-22-2023, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, "The Price of Fragmentation," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/world/price-fragmentation-global-economy-shock, KL

cooperation is in retreat the world is witnessing fragmentation national security considerations job losses and inequality fueled social tensions protectionism Another pandemic could push the world into crisis . Military conflict could disrupt markets climate is introducing shocks debt is putting sustainability at risk fragmentation could reduce GDP by seven percent in 2019, countries imposed 1,000 restrictions on trade; in 2022 3,000 Fragmentation can disrupt markets and create food and energy insecurity neoliberal regulation created patchwork of competition that depresses global demand capital’s mobility undermines local production by increasing consumption of imported commodities market has been prevented from falling deeply by cheap debt overaccumulation with speculative financial bubbles is underpinned by zero-sum logic of competitive wage advantage nationalism is the effect of globalisation volatility implies uncertainty by importing overseas labour foreign forces cast as the cause escalating mistrust and competition spill over into international war


Question: fragmentation reduces GDP

Global fragmentation and future crises make economic crash inevitable.

Kristalina Georgieva, 8-22-2023, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, "The Price of Fragmentation," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/world/price-fragmentation-global-economy-shock, KL

cooperation is in retreat the world is witnessing fragmentation national security considerations job losses and inequality fueled social tensions protectionism Another pandemic could push the world into crisis . Military conflict could disrupt markets climate is introducing shocks debt is putting sustainability at risk fragmentation could reduce GDP by seven percent in 2019, countries imposed 1,000 restrictions on trade; in 2022 3,000 Fragmentation can disrupt markets and create food and energy insecurity neoliberal regulation created patchwork of competition that depresses global demand capital’s mobility undermines local production by increasing consumption of imported commodities market has been prevented from falling deeply by cheap debt overaccumulation with speculative financial bubbles is underpinned by zero-sum logic of competitive wage advantage nationalism is the effect of globalisation volatility implies uncertainty by importing overseas labour foreign forces cast as the cause escalating mistrust and competition spill over into international war


Question: Fragmentation creates food and energy insecurity

Global fragmentation and future crises make economic crash inevitable.

Kristalina Georgieva, 8-22-2023, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, "The Price of Fragmentation," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/world/price-fragmentation-global-economy-shock, KL

cooperation is in retreat the world is witnessing fragmentation national security considerations job losses and inequality fueled social tensions protectionism Another pandemic could push the world into crisis . Military conflict could disrupt markets climate is introducing shocks debt is putting sustainability at risk fragmentation could reduce GDP by seven percent in 2019, countries imposed 1,000 restrictions on trade; in 2022 3,000 Fragmentation can disrupt markets and create food and energy insecurity neoliberal regulation created patchwork of competition that depresses global demand capital’s mobility undermines local production by increasing consumption of imported commodities market has been prevented from falling deeply by cheap debt overaccumulation with speculative financial bubbles is underpinned by zero-sum logic of competitive wage advantage nationalism is the effect of globalisation volatility implies uncertainty by importing overseas labour foreign forces cast as the cause escalating mistrust and competition spill over into international war


Question: national security considerations job losses

Global fragmentation and future crises make economic crash inevitable.

Kristalina Georgieva, 8-22-2023, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, "The Price of Fragmentation," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/world/price-fragmentation-global-economy-shock, KL

cooperation is in retreat the world is witnessing fragmentation national security considerations job losses and inequality fueled social tensions protectionism Another pandemic could push the world into crisis . Military conflict could disrupt markets climate is introducing shocks debt is putting sustainability at risk fragmentation could reduce GDP by seven percent in 2019, countries imposed 1,000 restrictions on trade; in 2022 3,000 Fragmentation can disrupt markets and create food and energy insecurity neoliberal regulation created patchwork of competition that depresses global demand capital’s mobility undermines local production by increasing consumption of imported commodities market has been prevented from falling deeply by cheap debt overaccumulation with speculative financial bubbles is underpinned by zero-sum logic of competitive wage advantage nationalism is the effect of globalisation volatility implies uncertainty by importing overseas labour foreign forces cast as the cause escalating mistrust and competition spill over into international war


Question: competition spill over into international war

Global fragmentation and future crises make economic crash inevitable.

Kristalina Georgieva, 8-22-2023, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, "The Price of Fragmentation," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/world/price-fragmentation-global-economy-shock, KL

cooperation is in retreat the world is witnessing fragmentation national security considerations job losses and inequality fueled social tensions protectionism Another pandemic could push the world into crisis . Military conflict could disrupt markets climate is introducing shocks debt is putting sustainability at risk fragmentation could reduce GDP by seven percent in 2019, countries imposed 1,000 restrictions on trade; in 2022 3,000 Fragmentation can disrupt markets and create food and energy insecurity neoliberal regulation created patchwork of competition that depresses global demand capital’s mobility undermines local production by increasing consumption of imported commodities market has been prevented from falling deeply by cheap debt overaccumulation with speculative financial bubbles is underpinned by zero-sum logic of competitive wage advantage nationalism is the effect of globalisation volatility implies uncertainty by importing overseas labour foreign forces cast as the cause escalating mistrust and competition spill over into international war


Question: fragmentation and future crises

Global fragmentation and future crises make economic crash inevitable.

Kristalina Georgieva, 8-22-2023, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, "The Price of Fragmentation," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/world/price-fragmentation-global-economy-shock, KL

cooperation is in retreat the world is witnessing fragmentation national security considerations job losses and inequality fueled social tensions protectionism Another pandemic could push the world into crisis . Military conflict could disrupt markets climate is introducing shocks debt is putting sustainability at risk fragmentation could reduce GDP by seven percent in 2019, countries imposed 1,000 restrictions on trade; in 2022 3,000 Fragmentation can disrupt markets and create food and energy insecurity neoliberal regulation created patchwork of competition that depresses global demand capital’s mobility undermines local production by increasing consumption of imported commodities market has been prevented from falling deeply by cheap debt overaccumulation with speculative financial bubbles is underpinned by zero-sum logic of competitive wage advantage nationalism is the effect of globalisation volatility implies uncertainty by importing overseas labour foreign forces cast as the cause escalating mistrust and competition spill over into international war


Question: Solves internationally

Solves internationally – the counterplan causes policy modeling and tech diffusion

Daniel A. Farber 24, Sho Sato Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Law, Energy, and the Environment at the University of California, Berkeley, “Turning Point: Green Industrial Policy and the Future of U.S. Climate Action,” Texas A&M Law Review, 2024, 11 Tex. A&M L. Rev. 303

clean energy policies extend beyond a jurisdiction by making new tech available growth of clean energy in other states build political support for further action successful energy policies face adoption elsewhere one place brings down costs for others the camel’s nose is under the tent the IRA accelerate the transition in other countries Competition between countries expand the impact networks speed policy contagion networks provide direct assistance peer-to-peer exchange; and knowledge because the IRA has lowered costs stronger policies can be exported other countries may adopt industrial policies


Question: Farber 24

Solves internationally – the counterplan causes policy modeling and tech diffusion

Daniel A. Farber 24, Sho Sato Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Law, Energy, and the Environment at the University of California, Berkeley, “Turning Point: Green Industrial Policy and the Future of U.S. Climate Action,” Texas A&M Law Review, 2024, 11 Tex. A&M L. Rev. 303

clean energy policies extend beyond a jurisdiction by making new tech available growth of clean energy in other states build political support for further action successful energy policies face adoption elsewhere one place brings down costs for others the camel’s nose is under the tent the IRA accelerate the transition in other countries Competition between countries expand the impact networks speed policy contagion networks provide direct assistance peer-to-peer exchange; and knowledge because the IRA has lowered costs stronger policies can be exported other countries may adopt industrial policies


Question: policy modeling and tech diffusion

Solves internationally – the counterplan causes policy modeling and tech diffusion

Daniel A. Farber 24, Sho Sato Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Law, Energy, and the Environment at the University of California, Berkeley, “Turning Point: Green Industrial Policy and the Future of U.S. Climate Action,” Texas A&M Law Review, 2024, 11 Tex. A&M L. Rev. 303

clean energy policies extend beyond a jurisdiction by making new tech available growth of clean energy in other states build political support for further action successful energy policies face adoption elsewhere one place brings down costs for others the camel’s nose is under the tent the IRA accelerate the transition in other countries Competition between countries expand the impact networks speed policy contagion networks provide direct assistance peer-to-peer exchange; and knowledge because the IRA has lowered costs stronger policies can be exported other countries may adopt industrial policies


Question: clean energy policies extend beyond jurisdiction

Solves internationally – the counterplan causes policy modeling and tech diffusion

Daniel A. Farber 24, Sho Sato Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Law, Energy, and the Environment at the University of California, Berkeley, “Turning Point: Green Industrial Policy and the Future of U.S. Climate Action,” Texas A&M Law Review, 2024, 11 Tex. A&M L. Rev. 303

clean energy policies extend beyond a jurisdiction by making new tech available growth of clean energy in other states build political support for further action successful energy policies face adoption elsewhere one place brings down costs for others the camel’s nose is under the tent the IRA accelerate the transition in other countries Competition between countries expand the impact networks speed policy contagion networks provide direct assistance peer-to-peer exchange; and knowledge because the IRA has lowered costs stronger policies can be exported other countries may adopt industrial policies


Question: IRA accelerate transition

Solves internationally – the counterplan causes policy modeling and tech diffusion

Daniel A. Farber 24, Sho Sato Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Law, Energy, and the Environment at the University of California, Berkeley, “Turning Point: Green Industrial Policy and the Future of U.S. Climate Action,” Texas A&M Law Review, 2024, 11 Tex. A&M L. Rev. 303

clean energy policies extend beyond a jurisdiction by making new tech available growth of clean energy in other states build political support for further action successful energy policies face adoption elsewhere one place brings down costs for others the camel’s nose is under the tent the IRA accelerate the transition in other countries Competition between countries expand the impact networks speed policy contagion networks provide direct assistance peer-to-peer exchange; and knowledge because the IRA has lowered costs stronger policies can be exported other countries may adopt industrial policies


Question: green industrial policy

Solves internationally – the counterplan causes policy modeling and tech diffusion

Daniel A. Farber 24, Sho Sato Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Law, Energy, and the Environment at the University of California, Berkeley, “Turning Point: Green Industrial Policy and the Future of U.S. Climate Action,” Texas A&M Law Review, 2024, 11 Tex. A&M L. Rev. 303

clean energy policies extend beyond a jurisdiction by making new tech available growth of clean energy in other states build political support for further action successful energy policies face adoption elsewhere one place brings down costs for others the camel’s nose is under the tent the IRA accelerate the transition in other countries Competition between countries expand the impact networks speed policy contagion networks provide direct assistance peer-to-peer exchange; and knowledge because the IRA has lowered costs stronger policies can be exported other countries may adopt industrial policies


Question: tech diffusion

Solves internationally – the counterplan causes policy modeling and tech diffusion

Daniel A. Farber 24, Sho Sato Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Law, Energy, and the Environment at the University of California, Berkeley, “Turning Point: Green Industrial Policy and the Future of U.S. Climate Action,” Texas A&M Law Review, 2024, 11 Tex. A&M L. Rev. 303

clean energy policies extend beyond a jurisdiction by making new tech available growth of clean energy in other states build political support for further action successful energy policies face adoption elsewhere one place brings down costs for others the camel’s nose is under the tent the IRA accelerate the transition in other countries Competition between countries expand the impact networks speed policy contagion networks provide direct assistance peer-to-peer exchange; and knowledge because the IRA has lowered costs stronger policies can be exported other countries may adopt industrial policies


Question: international clean energy

Solves internationally – the counterplan causes policy modeling and tech diffusion

Daniel A. Farber 24, Sho Sato Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Law, Energy, and the Environment at the University of California, Berkeley, “Turning Point: Green Industrial Policy and the Future of U.S. Climate Action,” Texas A&M Law Review, 2024, 11 Tex. A&M L. Rev. 303

clean energy policies extend beyond a jurisdiction by making new tech available growth of clean energy in other states build political support for further action successful energy policies face adoption elsewhere one place brings down costs for others the camel’s nose is under the tent the IRA accelerate the transition in other countries Competition between countries expand the impact networks speed policy contagion networks provide direct assistance peer-to-peer exchange; and knowledge because the IRA has lowered costs stronger policies can be exported other countries may adopt industrial policies


Question: The impact is all hype

The impact is all hype.

Bennett 20 – writer for Farm Journal, Chris, 8/25. “Phosphorus Time Bomb for Agriculture? Myth and Reality.” https://www.agweb.com/news/crops/crop-production/phosphorus-time-bomb-agriculture-myth-and-reality

reaction to Peak Phosphorus, exaggerated There are no imminent shortages World reserves are about 69 billion metric tons World resources are about 300


Question: Bennett 2020

The impact is all hype.

Bennett 20 – writer for Farm Journal, Chris, 8/25. “Phosphorus Time Bomb for Agriculture? Myth and Reality.” https://www.agweb.com/news/crops/crop-production/phosphorus-time-bomb-agriculture-myth-and-reality

reaction to Peak Phosphorus, exaggerated There are no imminent shortages World reserves are about 69 billion metric tons World resources are about 300


Question: Peak Phosphorus exaggerated

The impact is all hype.

Bennett 20 – writer for Farm Journal, Chris, 8/25. “Phosphorus Time Bomb for Agriculture? Myth and Reality.” https://www.agweb.com/news/crops/crop-production/phosphorus-time-bomb-agriculture-myth-and-reality

reaction to Peak Phosphorus, exaggerated There are no imminent shortages World reserves are about 69 billion metric tons World resources are about 300


Question: no imminent shortages

The impact is all hype.

Bennett 20 – writer for Farm Journal, Chris, 8/25. “Phosphorus Time Bomb for Agriculture? Myth and Reality.” https://www.agweb.com/news/crops/crop-production/phosphorus-time-bomb-agriculture-myth-and-reality

reaction to Peak Phosphorus, exaggerated There are no imminent shortages World reserves are about 69 billion metric tons World resources are about 300


Question: phosphorus time bomb myth

The impact is all hype.

Bennett 20 – writer for Farm Journal, Chris, 8/25. “Phosphorus Time Bomb for Agriculture? Myth and Reality.” https://www.agweb.com/news/crops/crop-production/phosphorus-time-bomb-agriculture-myth-and-reality

reaction to Peak Phosphorus, exaggerated There are no imminent shortages World reserves are about 69 billion metric tons World resources are about 300


Question: phosphorus shortages

The impact is all hype.

Bennett 20 – writer for Farm Journal, Chris, 8/25. “Phosphorus Time Bomb for Agriculture? Myth and Reality.” https://www.agweb.com/news/crops/crop-production/phosphorus-time-bomb-agriculture-myth-and-reality

reaction to Peak Phosphorus, exaggerated There are no imminent shortages World reserves are about 69 billion metric tons World resources are about 300


Question: phosphorus all hype

The impact is all hype.

Bennett 20 – writer for Farm Journal, Chris, 8/25. “Phosphorus Time Bomb for Agriculture? Myth and Reality.” https://www.agweb.com/news/crops/crop-production/phosphorus-time-bomb-agriculture-myth-and-reality

reaction to Peak Phosphorus, exaggerated There are no imminent shortages World reserves are about 69 billion metric tons World resources are about 300


Question: World reserves of phosphorus

The impact is all hype.

Bennett 20 – writer for Farm Journal, Chris, 8/25. “Phosphorus Time Bomb for Agriculture? Myth and Reality.” https://www.agweb.com/news/crops/crop-production/phosphorus-time-bomb-agriculture-myth-and-reality

reaction to Peak Phosphorus, exaggerated There are no imminent shortages World reserves are about 69 billion metric tons World resources are about 300


Question: undermines foreign policy broadly

3. Doesn’t solve ADV 2 - The CP upsets the “one voice” doctrine & undermines foreign policy broadly

Michael J. Glennon 16, Professor of International Law at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, JD from the University of Minnesota, and Robert D. Sloan, Professor of Law at the Boston University College of Law, JD from Yale University School of Law, Diploma from the Hague Academy of International Law, Foreign Affairs Federalism: The Myth of National Exclusivity, p. 30

Court’s concerns are embodied in the one voice doctrine foreign policy benefits from the appearance of national unity and popular support Open conflict between the federal and state governments on foreign policy questions can undermine national foreign policy


Question: Glennon and Sloan

3. Doesn’t solve ADV 2 - The CP upsets the “one voice” doctrine & undermines foreign policy broadly

Michael J. Glennon 16, Professor of International Law at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, JD from the University of Minnesota, and Robert D. Sloan, Professor of Law at the Boston University College of Law, JD from Yale University School of Law, Diploma from the Hague Academy of International Law, Foreign Affairs Federalism: The Myth of National Exclusivity, p. 30

Court’s concerns are embodied in the one voice doctrine foreign policy benefits from the appearance of national unity and popular support Open conflict between the federal and state governments on foreign policy questions can undermine national foreign policy


Question: one voice doctrine

3. Doesn’t solve ADV 2 - The CP upsets the “one voice” doctrine & undermines foreign policy broadly

Michael J. Glennon 16, Professor of International Law at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, JD from the University of Minnesota, and Robert D. Sloan, Professor of Law at the Boston University College of Law, JD from Yale University School of Law, Diploma from the Hague Academy of International Law, Foreign Affairs Federalism: The Myth of National Exclusivity, p. 30

Court’s concerns are embodied in the one voice doctrine foreign policy benefits from the appearance of national unity and popular support Open conflict between the federal and state governments on foreign policy questions can undermine national foreign policy


Question: foreign policy federalism

3. Doesn’t solve ADV 2 - The CP upsets the “one voice” doctrine & undermines foreign policy broadly

Michael J. Glennon 16, Professor of International Law at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, JD from the University of Minnesota, and Robert D. Sloan, Professor of Law at the Boston University College of Law, JD from Yale University School of Law, Diploma from the Hague Academy of International Law, Foreign Affairs Federalism: The Myth of National Exclusivity, p. 30

Court’s concerns are embodied in the one voice doctrine foreign policy benefits from the appearance of national unity and popular support Open conflict between the federal and state governments on foreign policy questions can undermine national foreign policy


Question: undermines national foreign policy

3. Doesn’t solve ADV 2 - The CP upsets the “one voice” doctrine & undermines foreign policy broadly

Michael J. Glennon 16, Professor of International Law at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, JD from the University of Minnesota, and Robert D. Sloan, Professor of Law at the Boston University College of Law, JD from Yale University School of Law, Diploma from the Hague Academy of International Law, Foreign Affairs Federalism: The Myth of National Exclusivity, p. 30

Court’s concerns are embodied in the one voice doctrine foreign policy benefits from the appearance of national unity and popular support Open conflict between the federal and state governments on foreign policy questions can undermine national foreign policy


Question: national unity and popular support

3. Doesn’t solve ADV 2 - The CP upsets the “one voice” doctrine & undermines foreign policy broadly

Michael J. Glennon 16, Professor of International Law at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, JD from the University of Minnesota, and Robert D. Sloan, Professor of Law at the Boston University College of Law, JD from Yale University School of Law, Diploma from the Hague Academy of International Law, Foreign Affairs Federalism: The Myth of National Exclusivity, p. 30

Court’s concerns are embodied in the one voice doctrine foreign policy benefits from the appearance of national unity and popular support Open conflict between the federal and state governments on foreign policy questions can undermine national foreign policy


Question: Aff method key

The aff’s method is key — we pose problems, study them, and then propose contingent solutions — that inspires critical thinking and bolsters decision-making

Bennet 12 — Sara Bennet (Poli Sci Prof at Penn State), 2012, “Guide to the Scientific Study of International Processes,” John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published. pages 63-72

conclusions must be generalizable Predicting future events , and making choices requires we believe regularities exist We can be scientific in the face of randomness it is useful to frame the discussion of SSIP in the  context of policy assessment policy teach students to be critical evaluators Part of teaching students should be why leaders are suggesting policy actions , and evaluate whether the actions make sense A single anecdote is less strong than a systematically collected sampled set of facts , cases data points. Generalization , and forecasting requires specific pieces of infor more the better. The scientific language may help students assess complicated political situations an SSIP-oriented teaching should be asking questions such as , What is your evidence?  What are your cases ? Were they selected fairly


Question: Bennet 12

The aff’s method is key — we pose problems, study them, and then propose contingent solutions — that inspires critical thinking and bolsters decision-making

Bennet 12 — Sara Bennet (Poli Sci Prof at Penn State), 2012, “Guide to the Scientific Study of International Processes,” John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published. pages 63-72

conclusions must be generalizable Predicting future events , and making choices requires we believe regularities exist We can be scientific in the face of randomness it is useful to frame the discussion of SSIP in the  context of policy assessment policy teach students to be critical evaluators Part of teaching students should be why leaders are suggesting policy actions , and evaluate whether the actions make sense A single anecdote is less strong than a systematically collected sampled set of facts , cases data points. Generalization , and forecasting requires specific pieces of infor more the better. The scientific language may help students assess complicated political situations an SSIP-oriented teaching should be asking questions such as , What is your evidence?  What are your cases ? Were they selected fairly


Question: Sara Bennet

The aff’s method is key — we pose problems, study them, and then propose contingent solutions — that inspires critical thinking and bolsters decision-making

Bennet 12 — Sara Bennet (Poli Sci Prof at Penn State), 2012, “Guide to the Scientific Study of International Processes,” John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published. pages 63-72

conclusions must be generalizable Predicting future events , and making choices requires we believe regularities exist We can be scientific in the face of randomness it is useful to frame the discussion of SSIP in the  context of policy assessment policy teach students to be critical evaluators Part of teaching students should be why leaders are suggesting policy actions , and evaluate whether the actions make sense A single anecdote is less strong than a systematically collected sampled set of facts , cases data points. Generalization , and forecasting requires specific pieces of infor more the better. The scientific language may help students assess complicated political situations an SSIP-oriented teaching should be asking questions such as , What is your evidence?  What are your cases ? Were they selected fairly


Question: SSIP oriented teaching

The aff’s method is key — we pose problems, study them, and then propose contingent solutions — that inspires critical thinking and bolsters decision-making

Bennet 12 — Sara Bennet (Poli Sci Prof at Penn State), 2012, “Guide to the Scientific Study of International Processes,” John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published. pages 63-72

conclusions must be generalizable Predicting future events , and making choices requires we believe regularities exist We can be scientific in the face of randomness it is useful to frame the discussion of SSIP in the  context of policy assessment policy teach students to be critical evaluators Part of teaching students should be why leaders are suggesting policy actions , and evaluate whether the actions make sense A single anecdote is less strong than a systematically collected sampled set of facts , cases data points. Generalization , and forecasting requires specific pieces of infor more the better. The scientific language may help students assess complicated political situations an SSIP-oriented teaching should be asking questions such as , What is your evidence?  What are your cases ? Were they selected fairly


Question: Scientific study of international processes

The aff’s method is key — we pose problems, study them, and then propose contingent solutions — that inspires critical thinking and bolsters decision-making

Bennet 12 — Sara Bennet (Poli Sci Prof at Penn State), 2012, “Guide to the Scientific Study of International Processes,” John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published. pages 63-72

conclusions must be generalizable Predicting future events , and making choices requires we believe regularities exist We can be scientific in the face of randomness it is useful to frame the discussion of SSIP in the  context of policy assessment policy teach students to be critical evaluators Part of teaching students should be why leaders are suggesting policy actions , and evaluate whether the actions make sense A single anecdote is less strong than a systematically collected sampled set of facts , cases data points. Generalization , and forecasting requires specific pieces of infor more the better. The scientific language may help students assess complicated political situations an SSIP-oriented teaching should be asking questions such as , What is your evidence?  What are your cases ? Were they selected fairly


Question: Critical thinking decision-making

The aff’s method is key — we pose problems, study them, and then propose contingent solutions — that inspires critical thinking and bolsters decision-making

Bennet 12 — Sara Bennet (Poli Sci Prof at Penn State), 2012, “Guide to the Scientific Study of International Processes,” John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published. pages 63-72

conclusions must be generalizable Predicting future events , and making choices requires we believe regularities exist We can be scientific in the face of randomness it is useful to frame the discussion of SSIP in the  context of policy assessment policy teach students to be critical evaluators Part of teaching students should be why leaders are suggesting policy actions , and evaluate whether the actions make sense A single anecdote is less strong than a systematically collected sampled set of facts , cases data points. Generalization , and forecasting requires specific pieces of infor more the better. The scientific language may help students assess complicated political situations an SSIP-oriented teaching should be asking questions such as , What is your evidence?  What are your cases ? Were they selected fairly


Question: predicting future events

The aff’s method is key — we pose problems, study them, and then propose contingent solutions — that inspires critical thinking and bolsters decision-making

Bennet 12 — Sara Bennet (Poli Sci Prof at Penn State), 2012, “Guide to the Scientific Study of International Processes,” John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published. pages 63-72

conclusions must be generalizable Predicting future events , and making choices requires we believe regularities exist We can be scientific in the face of randomness it is useful to frame the discussion of SSIP in the  context of policy assessment policy teach students to be critical evaluators Part of teaching students should be why leaders are suggesting policy actions , and evaluate whether the actions make sense A single anecdote is less strong than a systematically collected sampled set of facts , cases data points. Generalization , and forecasting requires specific pieces of infor more the better. The scientific language may help students assess complicated political situations an SSIP-oriented teaching should be asking questions such as , What is your evidence?  What are your cases ? Were they selected fairly


Question: US LNG cheaper than Russia

U.S. LNG prices are cheaper than Russia’s --- means they’re sufficient.

Stoppard 24 – Global Gas Strategy Lead and Special Advisor with S&P Global Commodity Insights, former Fellow at the Oxford University Institute for Energy Studies.

Sales of Russian gas are down Outside Europe there is scepticism surely Europe will be enticed to return to cheap gas US exports bolsters the idea Europe cannot abandon a relationship with Russia for a unreliable” US Russia never sold gas at cost By pricing below the competitive fuel , Europeans had the confidence to invest


Question: Stoppard 24 LNG

U.S. LNG prices are cheaper than Russia’s --- means they’re sufficient.

Stoppard 24 – Global Gas Strategy Lead and Special Advisor with S&P Global Commodity Insights, former Fellow at the Oxford University Institute for Energy Studies.

Sales of Russian gas are down Outside Europe there is scepticism surely Europe will be enticed to return to cheap gas US exports bolsters the idea Europe cannot abandon a relationship with Russia for a unreliable” US Russia never sold gas at cost By pricing below the competitive fuel , Europeans had the confidence to invest


Question: US LNG sufficient

U.S. LNG prices are cheaper than Russia’s --- means they’re sufficient.

Stoppard 24 – Global Gas Strategy Lead and Special Advisor with S&P Global Commodity Insights, former Fellow at the Oxford University Institute for Energy Studies.

Sales of Russian gas are down Outside Europe there is scepticism surely Europe will be enticed to return to cheap gas US exports bolsters the idea Europe cannot abandon a relationship with Russia for a unreliable” US Russia never sold gas at cost By pricing below the competitive fuel , Europeans had the confidence to invest


Question: Russian gas sales down

U.S. LNG prices are cheaper than Russia’s --- means they’re sufficient.

Stoppard 24 – Global Gas Strategy Lead and Special Advisor with S&P Global Commodity Insights, former Fellow at the Oxford University Institute for Energy Studies.

Sales of Russian gas are down Outside Europe there is scepticism surely Europe will be enticed to return to cheap gas US exports bolsters the idea Europe cannot abandon a relationship with Russia for a unreliable” US Russia never sold gas at cost By pricing below the competitive fuel , Europeans had the confidence to invest


Question: Europe return to cheap gas

U.S. LNG prices are cheaper than Russia’s --- means they’re sufficient.

Stoppard 24 – Global Gas Strategy Lead and Special Advisor with S&P Global Commodity Insights, former Fellow at the Oxford University Institute for Energy Studies.

Sales of Russian gas are down Outside Europe there is scepticism surely Europe will be enticed to return to cheap gas US exports bolsters the idea Europe cannot abandon a relationship with Russia for a unreliable” US Russia never sold gas at cost By pricing below the competitive fuel , Europeans had the confidence to invest


Question: Europe cannot abandon Russia gas

U.S. LNG prices are cheaper than Russia’s --- means they’re sufficient.

Stoppard 24 – Global Gas Strategy Lead and Special Advisor with S&P Global Commodity Insights, former Fellow at the Oxford University Institute for Energy Studies.

Sales of Russian gas are down Outside Europe there is scepticism surely Europe will be enticed to return to cheap gas US exports bolsters the idea Europe cannot abandon a relationship with Russia for a unreliable” US Russia never sold gas at cost By pricing below the competitive fuel , Europeans had the confidence to invest


Question: US LNG price competitive

U.S. LNG prices are cheaper than Russia’s --- means they’re sufficient.

Stoppard 24 – Global Gas Strategy Lead and Special Advisor with S&P Global Commodity Insights, former Fellow at the Oxford University Institute for Energy Studies.

Sales of Russian gas are down Outside Europe there is scepticism surely Europe will be enticed to return to cheap gas US exports bolsters the idea Europe cannot abandon a relationship with Russia for a unreliable” US Russia never sold gas at cost By pricing below the competitive fuel , Europeans had the confidence to invest


Question: Pricing models overestimate emissions reductions

Pricing models consistently overestimate achievable emissions reductions. Adjustments are too little, too late.

Tvinnereim & Mehling '18 – Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Bergen; Professor at the University of Strathclyde Law School and Deputy Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (Endre Tvinnereim, Michael Mehling; "Carbon pricing and deep decarbonisation"; Energy Policy, Volume 121, 2018, Pages 185-189, ISSN 0301-4215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.06.020; 2018; NC)

IPCC ) presented models consistent with strictest concentration target carbon pricing already exist but effect in real world diverge  from modelling Incremental abatement not good enough Because of -lived nature g h a stabilisation requires net emissions to decline to zero . emissions to  cease requires systemic transformation  of economy Policies influencing decisions at the margin prove  unsuited to scale  of cli c


Question: Tvinnereim & Mehling 18

Pricing models consistently overestimate achievable emissions reductions. Adjustments are too little, too late.

Tvinnereim & Mehling '18 – Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Bergen; Professor at the University of Strathclyde Law School and Deputy Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (Endre Tvinnereim, Michael Mehling; "Carbon pricing and deep decarbonisation"; Energy Policy, Volume 121, 2018, Pages 185-189, ISSN 0301-4215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.06.020; 2018; NC)

IPCC ) presented models consistent with strictest concentration target carbon pricing already exist but effect in real world diverge  from modelling Incremental abatement not good enough Because of -lived nature g h a stabilisation requires net emissions to decline to zero . emissions to  cease requires systemic transformation  of economy Policies influencing decisions at the margin prove  unsuited to scale  of cli c


Question: carbon pricing deep decarbonisation

Pricing models consistently overestimate achievable emissions reductions. Adjustments are too little, too late.

Tvinnereim & Mehling '18 – Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Bergen; Professor at the University of Strathclyde Law School and Deputy Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (Endre Tvinnereim, Michael Mehling; "Carbon pricing and deep decarbonisation"; Energy Policy, Volume 121, 2018, Pages 185-189, ISSN 0301-4215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.06.020; 2018; NC)

IPCC ) presented models consistent with strictest concentration target carbon pricing already exist but effect in real world diverge  from modelling Incremental abatement not good enough Because of -lived nature g h a stabilisation requires net emissions to decline to zero . emissions to  cease requires systemic transformation  of economy Policies influencing decisions at the margin prove  unsuited to scale  of cli c


Question: incremental abatement not good enough

Pricing models consistently overestimate achievable emissions reductions. Adjustments are too little, too late.

Tvinnereim & Mehling '18 – Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Bergen; Professor at the University of Strathclyde Law School and Deputy Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (Endre Tvinnereim, Michael Mehling; "Carbon pricing and deep decarbonisation"; Energy Policy, Volume 121, 2018, Pages 185-189, ISSN 0301-4215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.06.020; 2018; NC)

IPCC ) presented models consistent with strictest concentration target carbon pricing already exist but effect in real world diverge  from modelling Incremental abatement not good enough Because of -lived nature g h a stabilisation requires net emissions to decline to zero . emissions to  cease requires systemic transformation  of economy Policies influencing decisions at the margin prove  unsuited to scale  of cli c


Question: net emissions decline to zero

Pricing models consistently overestimate achievable emissions reductions. Adjustments are too little, too late.

Tvinnereim & Mehling '18 – Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Bergen; Professor at the University of Strathclyde Law School and Deputy Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (Endre Tvinnereim, Michael Mehling; "Carbon pricing and deep decarbonisation"; Energy Policy, Volume 121, 2018, Pages 185-189, ISSN 0301-4215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.06.020; 2018; NC)

IPCC ) presented models consistent with strictest concentration target carbon pricing already exist but effect in real world diverge  from modelling Incremental abatement not good enough Because of -lived nature g h a stabilisation requires net emissions to decline to zero . emissions to  cease requires systemic transformation  of economy Policies influencing decisions at the margin prove  unsuited to scale  of cli c


Question: Decline goes global

Decline goes global.

Friedman 17, is a U.S. geopolitical forecaster, author, and strategist on international affairs. He is the founder and chairman of Geopolitical Futures. Prior to founding Geopolitical Futures, he was chairman of its predecessor Stratfor. He has a BA from the City College of New York in political science and a PhD in government from Cornell University. (George, 4-26-2017, “An American Recession And The World,” HuffPost, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/an-american-recession-and-the-world_b_5900b1f6e4b06feec8ac9251)

U.S. recession hurt countries considering the U S is the world’s largest importer and the engine stabilizing the system decline in U.S. economy will drop imports have a substantial impact reversing gains in stabilization downturn in export will ripple because exporting are also importing As American demand contracts exporters’ will be affected vulnerability has grown dramatically because countries have become reliant the ripple effect will be substantial


Question: Friedman 17

Decline goes global.

Friedman 17, is a U.S. geopolitical forecaster, author, and strategist on international affairs. He is the founder and chairman of Geopolitical Futures. Prior to founding Geopolitical Futures, he was chairman of its predecessor Stratfor. He has a BA from the City College of New York in political science and a PhD in government from Cornell University. (George, 4-26-2017, “An American Recession And The World,” HuffPost, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/an-american-recession-and-the-world_b_5900b1f6e4b06feec8ac9251)

U.S. recession hurt countries considering the U S is the world’s largest importer and the engine stabilizing the system decline in U.S. economy will drop imports have a substantial impact reversing gains in stabilization downturn in export will ripple because exporting are also importing As American demand contracts exporters’ will be affected vulnerability has grown dramatically because countries have become reliant the ripple effect will be substantial


Question: US recession hurts

Decline goes global.

Friedman 17, is a U.S. geopolitical forecaster, author, and strategist on international affairs. He is the founder and chairman of Geopolitical Futures. Prior to founding Geopolitical Futures, he was chairman of its predecessor Stratfor. He has a BA from the City College of New York in political science and a PhD in government from Cornell University. (George, 4-26-2017, “An American Recession And The World,” HuffPost, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/an-american-recession-and-the-world_b_5900b1f6e4b06feec8ac9251)

U.S. recession hurt countries considering the U S is the world’s largest importer and the engine stabilizing the system decline in U.S. economy will drop imports have a substantial impact reversing gains in stabilization downturn in export will ripple because exporting are also importing As American demand contracts exporters’ will be affected vulnerability has grown dramatically because countries have become reliant the ripple effect will be substantial


Question: American recession and the world

Decline goes global.

Friedman 17, is a U.S. geopolitical forecaster, author, and strategist on international affairs. He is the founder and chairman of Geopolitical Futures. Prior to founding Geopolitical Futures, he was chairman of its predecessor Stratfor. He has a BA from the City College of New York in political science and a PhD in government from Cornell University. (George, 4-26-2017, “An American Recession And The World,” HuffPost, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/an-american-recession-and-the-world_b_5900b1f6e4b06feec8ac9251)

U.S. recession hurt countries considering the U S is the world’s largest importer and the engine stabilizing the system decline in U.S. economy will drop imports have a substantial impact reversing gains in stabilization downturn in export will ripple because exporting are also importing As American demand contracts exporters’ will be affected vulnerability has grown dramatically because countries have become reliant the ripple effect will be substantial


Question: global decline

Decline goes global.

Friedman 17, is a U.S. geopolitical forecaster, author, and strategist on international affairs. He is the founder and chairman of Geopolitical Futures. Prior to founding Geopolitical Futures, he was chairman of its predecessor Stratfor. He has a BA from the City College of New York in political science and a PhD in government from Cornell University. (George, 4-26-2017, “An American Recession And The World,” HuffPost, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/an-american-recession-and-the-world_b_5900b1f6e4b06feec8ac9251)

U.S. recession hurt countries considering the U S is the world’s largest importer and the engine stabilizing the system decline in U.S. economy will drop imports have a substantial impact reversing gains in stabilization downturn in export will ripple because exporting are also importing As American demand contracts exporters’ will be affected vulnerability has grown dramatically because countries have become reliant the ripple effect will be substantial


Question: US economy drops imports

Decline goes global.

Friedman 17, is a U.S. geopolitical forecaster, author, and strategist on international affairs. He is the founder and chairman of Geopolitical Futures. Prior to founding Geopolitical Futures, he was chairman of its predecessor Stratfor. He has a BA from the City College of New York in political science and a PhD in government from Cornell University. (George, 4-26-2017, “An American Recession And The World,” HuffPost, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/an-american-recession-and-the-world_b_5900b1f6e4b06feec8ac9251)

U.S. recession hurt countries considering the U S is the world’s largest importer and the engine stabilizing the system decline in U.S. economy will drop imports have a substantial impact reversing gains in stabilization downturn in export will ripple because exporting are also importing As American demand contracts exporters’ will be affected vulnerability has grown dramatically because countries have become reliant the ripple effect will be substantial


Question: vulnerability has grown dramatically

Decline goes global.

Friedman 17, is a U.S. geopolitical forecaster, author, and strategist on international affairs. He is the founder and chairman of Geopolitical Futures. Prior to founding Geopolitical Futures, he was chairman of its predecessor Stratfor. He has a BA from the City College of New York in political science and a PhD in government from Cornell University. (George, 4-26-2017, “An American Recession And The World,” HuffPost, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/an-american-recession-and-the-world_b_5900b1f6e4b06feec8ac9251)

U.S. recession hurt countries considering the U S is the world’s largest importer and the engine stabilizing the system decline in U.S. economy will drop imports have a substantial impact reversing gains in stabilization downturn in export will ripple because exporting are also importing As American demand contracts exporters’ will be affected vulnerability has grown dramatically because countries have become reliant the ripple effect will be substantial


Question: C---POLICY

C---POLICY

policy1

a definite course of action


Question: Policy is action

C---POLICY

policy1

a definite course of action


Question: a definite course of action

C---POLICY

policy1

a definite course of action


Question: Non-Western spirituality survives

2. Non-Western spirituality survived and is threaded through normative visions of ‘humanity’ in the climate crisis, allowing our interpretation to solve the debates they think necessary.

Jenkins 23, Hollingsworth Professor of Ethics and Chair of the Religious Studies Department at the University of Virginia (Willis Jenkins, 2023, “Ethics After Humanity,” Journal of Religious Ethics, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 611-38, University of Kansas Libraries, Wiley)

“The normative liberal humanism is predicated on abjection of blackness ,” writes Jackson Does recognizing race within forces shaping the planet require relinquishing humanity as normative concept? Acknowledging centrality of race in humanity does not betoken the end of humanity as emancipatory Becoming estranged from white Anthropos in the climate crisis might be supported by planetary humanism from resistance to white supremacy Humanity has not been only and always white supremacist versions have been forged in resistance by inventing other ways meaning of humanity was only partially made through merchandising persons rendered black Another basis was constructed by people held as cargo From this another world emerged in “ resistance , prayer , and ability to survive religion sustained ways of being against modern Anthropos From white supremacy another modernity has grown from complex ambiguity which provides an alternate human


Question: Jenkins 23

2. Non-Western spirituality survived and is threaded through normative visions of ‘humanity’ in the climate crisis, allowing our interpretation to solve the debates they think necessary.

Jenkins 23, Hollingsworth Professor of Ethics and Chair of the Religious Studies Department at the University of Virginia (Willis Jenkins, 2023, “Ethics After Humanity,” Journal of Religious Ethics, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 611-38, University of Kansas Libraries, Wiley)

“The normative liberal humanism is predicated on abjection of blackness ,” writes Jackson Does recognizing race within forces shaping the planet require relinquishing humanity as normative concept? Acknowledging centrality of race in humanity does not betoken the end of humanity as emancipatory Becoming estranged from white Anthropos in the climate crisis might be supported by planetary humanism from resistance to white supremacy Humanity has not been only and always white supremacist versions have been forged in resistance by inventing other ways meaning of humanity was only partially made through merchandising persons rendered black Another basis was constructed by people held as cargo From this another world emerged in “ resistance , prayer , and ability to survive religion sustained ways of being against modern Anthropos From white supremacy another modernity has grown from complex ambiguity which provides an alternate human


Question: Ethics After Humanity

2. Non-Western spirituality survived and is threaded through normative visions of ‘humanity’ in the climate crisis, allowing our interpretation to solve the debates they think necessary.

Jenkins 23, Hollingsworth Professor of Ethics and Chair of the Religious Studies Department at the University of Virginia (Willis Jenkins, 2023, “Ethics After Humanity,” Journal of Religious Ethics, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 611-38, University of Kansas Libraries, Wiley)

“The normative liberal humanism is predicated on abjection of blackness ,” writes Jackson Does recognizing race within forces shaping the planet require relinquishing humanity as normative concept? Acknowledging centrality of race in humanity does not betoken the end of humanity as emancipatory Becoming estranged from white Anthropos in the climate crisis might be supported by planetary humanism from resistance to white supremacy Humanity has not been only and always white supremacist versions have been forged in resistance by inventing other ways meaning of humanity was only partially made through merchandising persons rendered black Another basis was constructed by people held as cargo From this another world emerged in “ resistance , prayer , and ability to survive religion sustained ways of being against modern Anthropos From white supremacy another modernity has grown from complex ambiguity which provides an alternate human


Question: Non-Western spirituality solves

2. Non-Western spirituality survived and is threaded through normative visions of ‘humanity’ in the climate crisis, allowing our interpretation to solve the debates they think necessary.

Jenkins 23, Hollingsworth Professor of Ethics and Chair of the Religious Studies Department at the University of Virginia (Willis Jenkins, 2023, “Ethics After Humanity,” Journal of Religious Ethics, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 611-38, University of Kansas Libraries, Wiley)

“The normative liberal humanism is predicated on abjection of blackness ,” writes Jackson Does recognizing race within forces shaping the planet require relinquishing humanity as normative concept? Acknowledging centrality of race in humanity does not betoken the end of humanity as emancipatory Becoming estranged from white Anthropos in the climate crisis might be supported by planetary humanism from resistance to white supremacy Humanity has not been only and always white supremacist versions have been forged in resistance by inventing other ways meaning of humanity was only partially made through merchandising persons rendered black Another basis was constructed by people held as cargo From this another world emerged in “ resistance , prayer , and ability to survive religion sustained ways of being against modern Anthropos From white supremacy another modernity has grown from complex ambiguity which provides an alternate human


Question: planetary humanism resistance white supremacy

2. Non-Western spirituality survived and is threaded through normative visions of ‘humanity’ in the climate crisis, allowing our interpretation to solve the debates they think necessary.

Jenkins 23, Hollingsworth Professor of Ethics and Chair of the Religious Studies Department at the University of Virginia (Willis Jenkins, 2023, “Ethics After Humanity,” Journal of Religious Ethics, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 611-38, University of Kansas Libraries, Wiley)

“The normative liberal humanism is predicated on abjection of blackness ,” writes Jackson Does recognizing race within forces shaping the planet require relinquishing humanity as normative concept? Acknowledging centrality of race in humanity does not betoken the end of humanity as emancipatory Becoming estranged from white Anthropos in the climate crisis might be supported by planetary humanism from resistance to white supremacy Humanity has not been only and always white supremacist versions have been forged in resistance by inventing other ways meaning of humanity was only partially made through merchandising persons rendered black Another basis was constructed by people held as cargo From this another world emerged in “ resistance , prayer , and ability to survive religion sustained ways of being against modern Anthropos From white supremacy another modernity has grown from complex ambiguity which provides an alternate human


Question: religion sustained ways of being

2. Non-Western spirituality survived and is threaded through normative visions of ‘humanity’ in the climate crisis, allowing our interpretation to solve the debates they think necessary.

Jenkins 23, Hollingsworth Professor of Ethics and Chair of the Religious Studies Department at the University of Virginia (Willis Jenkins, 2023, “Ethics After Humanity,” Journal of Religious Ethics, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 611-38, University of Kansas Libraries, Wiley)

“The normative liberal humanism is predicated on abjection of blackness ,” writes Jackson Does recognizing race within forces shaping the planet require relinquishing humanity as normative concept? Acknowledging centrality of race in humanity does not betoken the end of humanity as emancipatory Becoming estranged from white Anthropos in the climate crisis might be supported by planetary humanism from resistance to white supremacy Humanity has not been only and always white supremacist versions have been forged in resistance by inventing other ways meaning of humanity was only partially made through merchandising persons rendered black Another basis was constructed by people held as cargo From this another world emerged in “ resistance , prayer , and ability to survive religion sustained ways of being against modern Anthropos From white supremacy another modernity has grown from complex ambiguity which provides an alternate human


Question: normative visions of humanity

2. Non-Western spirituality survived and is threaded through normative visions of ‘humanity’ in the climate crisis, allowing our interpretation to solve the debates they think necessary.

Jenkins 23, Hollingsworth Professor of Ethics and Chair of the Religious Studies Department at the University of Virginia (Willis Jenkins, 2023, “Ethics After Humanity,” Journal of Religious Ethics, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 611-38, University of Kansas Libraries, Wiley)

“The normative liberal humanism is predicated on abjection of blackness ,” writes Jackson Does recognizing race within forces shaping the planet require relinquishing humanity as normative concept? Acknowledging centrality of race in humanity does not betoken the end of humanity as emancipatory Becoming estranged from white Anthropos in the climate crisis might be supported by planetary humanism from resistance to white supremacy Humanity has not been only and always white supremacist versions have been forged in resistance by inventing other ways meaning of humanity was only partially made through merchandising persons rendered black Another basis was constructed by people held as cargo From this another world emerged in “ resistance , prayer , and ability to survive religion sustained ways of being against modern Anthropos From white supremacy another modernity has grown from complex ambiguity which provides an alternate human


Question: becoming estranged from white Anthropos

2. Non-Western spirituality survived and is threaded through normative visions of ‘humanity’ in the climate crisis, allowing our interpretation to solve the debates they think necessary.

Jenkins 23, Hollingsworth Professor of Ethics and Chair of the Religious Studies Department at the University of Virginia (Willis Jenkins, 2023, “Ethics After Humanity,” Journal of Religious Ethics, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 611-38, University of Kansas Libraries, Wiley)

“The normative liberal humanism is predicated on abjection of blackness ,” writes Jackson Does recognizing race within forces shaping the planet require relinquishing humanity as normative concept? Acknowledging centrality of race in humanity does not betoken the end of humanity as emancipatory Becoming estranged from white Anthropos in the climate crisis might be supported by planetary humanism from resistance to white supremacy Humanity has not been only and always white supremacist versions have been forged in resistance by inventing other ways meaning of humanity was only partially made through merchandising persons rendered black Another basis was constructed by people held as cargo From this another world emerged in “ resistance , prayer , and ability to survive religion sustained ways of being against modern Anthropos From white supremacy another modernity has grown from complex ambiguity which provides an alternate human


Question: Whiteness under siege

The fictive imaginaries surrounding human extinction at play in these representations are carefully designed to influence the beliefs of policy-makers and citizens alike, reproducing the colonial discourse of “whiteness under siege”.

Mitchell and Chaudhury 2020 (Audra Mitchell and Aadita Chaudhury “Worlding beyond ‘the’ ‘end’ of ‘the world’: white apocalyptic visions and BIPOC futurisms” 2020)

collapse of dominant power structures as the ‘end of the world’ and extinction of ‘humanity’. not the end of earth, but rather whiteness The subjects they frame as under threat reflect Euro-centric norms their underlying fears of decline express reliance on linear time. these discourses impose stark racialized geographies over Black and Brown bodies, which are viewed as drivers of ecological and social collapse. these influence policy-makers and publics through hegemonic cultural structures and exert profound influence on threat, risk, security, and survival power their assertion that there are no alternatives to regenerating existing power structures. BIPOC futurisms center diverse, plural forms of subjectivity attuned to other life forms and earth to create solidarities in the face of overlapping but distinct experiences of oppression. nonlinear plural temporalities approach ecological crises as open-ended renewal rather than either extinction, or resurgence of whiteness geographies in which migration, nonlinear motion, adaptation and attachment to unique places crystallize in adaptive forms of community where white futurists foresee ‘the’ end of ‘the world, many BIPOC thinkers have long been generating new worlds in the wake of the apocalypse of white domination As ecological crises intensify – and with them ‘white nationalist’ movements – we urge scholars to interrogate anxieties that drive mainstream futurisms, and consciously divest from systems of oppression affirmed by these imaginaries. to work toward solidarities with the plural worlds that BIPOC are creating without expecting to be ‘saved’ or welcomed white scholars need to begin imagining worlds beyond the apocalypse of whiteness in which oppressive constructs of ‘humanity’ are transcended, and other worlds can flouris


Question: Mitchell and Chaudhury 2020

The fictive imaginaries surrounding human extinction at play in these representations are carefully designed to influence the beliefs of policy-makers and citizens alike, reproducing the colonial discourse of “whiteness under siege”.

Mitchell and Chaudhury 2020 (Audra Mitchell and Aadita Chaudhury “Worlding beyond ‘the’ ‘end’ of ‘the world’: white apocalyptic visions and BIPOC futurisms” 2020)

collapse of dominant power structures as the ‘end of the world’ and extinction of ‘humanity’. not the end of earth, but rather whiteness The subjects they frame as under threat reflect Euro-centric norms their underlying fears of decline express reliance on linear time. these discourses impose stark racialized geographies over Black and Brown bodies, which are viewed as drivers of ecological and social collapse. these influence policy-makers and publics through hegemonic cultural structures and exert profound influence on threat, risk, security, and survival power their assertion that there are no alternatives to regenerating existing power structures. BIPOC futurisms center diverse, plural forms of subjectivity attuned to other life forms and earth to create solidarities in the face of overlapping but distinct experiences of oppression. nonlinear plural temporalities approach ecological crises as open-ended renewal rather than either extinction, or resurgence of whiteness geographies in which migration, nonlinear motion, adaptation and attachment to unique places crystallize in adaptive forms of community where white futurists foresee ‘the’ end of ‘the world, many BIPOC thinkers have long been generating new worlds in the wake of the apocalypse of white domination As ecological crises intensify – and with them ‘white nationalist’ movements – we urge scholars to interrogate anxieties that drive mainstream futurisms, and consciously divest from systems of oppression affirmed by these imaginaries. to work toward solidarities with the plural worlds that BIPOC are creating without expecting to be ‘saved’ or welcomed white scholars need to begin imagining worlds beyond the apocalypse of whiteness in which oppressive constructs of ‘humanity’ are transcended, and other worlds can flouris


Question: White apocalyptic visions

The fictive imaginaries surrounding human extinction at play in these representations are carefully designed to influence the beliefs of policy-makers and citizens alike, reproducing the colonial discourse of “whiteness under siege”.

Mitchell and Chaudhury 2020 (Audra Mitchell and Aadita Chaudhury “Worlding beyond ‘the’ ‘end’ of ‘the world’: white apocalyptic visions and BIPOC futurisms” 2020)

collapse of dominant power structures as the ‘end of the world’ and extinction of ‘humanity’. not the end of earth, but rather whiteness The subjects they frame as under threat reflect Euro-centric norms their underlying fears of decline express reliance on linear time. these discourses impose stark racialized geographies over Black and Brown bodies, which are viewed as drivers of ecological and social collapse. these influence policy-makers and publics through hegemonic cultural structures and exert profound influence on threat, risk, security, and survival power their assertion that there are no alternatives to regenerating existing power structures. BIPOC futurisms center diverse, plural forms of subjectivity attuned to other life forms and earth to create solidarities in the face of overlapping but distinct experiences of oppression. nonlinear plural temporalities approach ecological crises as open-ended renewal rather than either extinction, or resurgence of whiteness geographies in which migration, nonlinear motion, adaptation and attachment to unique places crystallize in adaptive forms of community where white futurists foresee ‘the’ end of ‘the world, many BIPOC thinkers have long been generating new worlds in the wake of the apocalypse of white domination As ecological crises intensify – and with them ‘white nationalist’ movements – we urge scholars to interrogate anxieties that drive mainstream futurisms, and consciously divest from systems of oppression affirmed by these imaginaries. to work toward solidarities with the plural worlds that BIPOC are creating without expecting to be ‘saved’ or welcomed white scholars need to begin imagining worlds beyond the apocalypse of whiteness in which oppressive constructs of ‘humanity’ are transcended, and other worlds can flouris


Question: reproducing colonial discourse

The fictive imaginaries surrounding human extinction at play in these representations are carefully designed to influence the beliefs of policy-makers and citizens alike, reproducing the colonial discourse of “whiteness under siege”.

Mitchell and Chaudhury 2020 (Audra Mitchell and Aadita Chaudhury “Worlding beyond ‘the’ ‘end’ of ‘the world’: white apocalyptic visions and BIPOC futurisms” 2020)

collapse of dominant power structures as the ‘end of the world’ and extinction of ‘humanity’. not the end of earth, but rather whiteness The subjects they frame as under threat reflect Euro-centric norms their underlying fears of decline express reliance on linear time. these discourses impose stark racialized geographies over Black and Brown bodies, which are viewed as drivers of ecological and social collapse. these influence policy-makers and publics through hegemonic cultural structures and exert profound influence on threat, risk, security, and survival power their assertion that there are no alternatives to regenerating existing power structures. BIPOC futurisms center diverse, plural forms of subjectivity attuned to other life forms and earth to create solidarities in the face of overlapping but distinct experiences of oppression. nonlinear plural temporalities approach ecological crises as open-ended renewal rather than either extinction, or resurgence of whiteness geographies in which migration, nonlinear motion, adaptation and attachment to unique places crystallize in adaptive forms of community where white futurists foresee ‘the’ end of ‘the world, many BIPOC thinkers have long been generating new worlds in the wake of the apocalypse of white domination As ecological crises intensify – and with them ‘white nationalist’ movements – we urge scholars to interrogate anxieties that drive mainstream futurisms, and consciously divest from systems of oppression affirmed by these imaginaries. to work toward solidarities with the plural worlds that BIPOC are creating without expecting to be ‘saved’ or welcomed white scholars need to begin imagining worlds beyond the apocalypse of whiteness in which oppressive constructs of ‘humanity’ are transcended, and other worlds can flouris


Question: BIPOC futurisms

The fictive imaginaries surrounding human extinction at play in these representations are carefully designed to influence the beliefs of policy-makers and citizens alike, reproducing the colonial discourse of “whiteness under siege”.

Mitchell and Chaudhury 2020 (Audra Mitchell and Aadita Chaudhury “Worlding beyond ‘the’ ‘end’ of ‘the world’: white apocalyptic visions and BIPOC futurisms” 2020)

collapse of dominant power structures as the ‘end of the world’ and extinction of ‘humanity’. not the end of earth, but rather whiteness The subjects they frame as under threat reflect Euro-centric norms their underlying fears of decline express reliance on linear time. these discourses impose stark racialized geographies over Black and Brown bodies, which are viewed as drivers of ecological and social collapse. these influence policy-makers and publics through hegemonic cultural structures and exert profound influence on threat, risk, security, and survival power their assertion that there are no alternatives to regenerating existing power structures. BIPOC futurisms center diverse, plural forms of subjectivity attuned to other life forms and earth to create solidarities in the face of overlapping but distinct experiences of oppression. nonlinear plural temporalities approach ecological crises as open-ended renewal rather than either extinction, or resurgence of whiteness geographies in which migration, nonlinear motion, adaptation and attachment to unique places crystallize in adaptive forms of community where white futurists foresee ‘the’ end of ‘the world, many BIPOC thinkers have long been generating new worlds in the wake of the apocalypse of white domination As ecological crises intensify – and with them ‘white nationalist’ movements – we urge scholars to interrogate anxieties that drive mainstream futurisms, and consciously divest from systems of oppression affirmed by these imaginaries. to work toward solidarities with the plural worlds that BIPOC are creating without expecting to be ‘saved’ or welcomed white scholars need to begin imagining worlds beyond the apocalypse of whiteness in which oppressive constructs of ‘humanity’ are transcended, and other worlds can flouris


Question: end of the world whiteness

The fictive imaginaries surrounding human extinction at play in these representations are carefully designed to influence the beliefs of policy-makers and citizens alike, reproducing the colonial discourse of “whiteness under siege”.

Mitchell and Chaudhury 2020 (Audra Mitchell and Aadita Chaudhury “Worlding beyond ‘the’ ‘end’ of ‘the world’: white apocalyptic visions and BIPOC futurisms” 2020)

collapse of dominant power structures as the ‘end of the world’ and extinction of ‘humanity’. not the end of earth, but rather whiteness The subjects they frame as under threat reflect Euro-centric norms their underlying fears of decline express reliance on linear time. these discourses impose stark racialized geographies over Black and Brown bodies, which are viewed as drivers of ecological and social collapse. these influence policy-makers and publics through hegemonic cultural structures and exert profound influence on threat, risk, security, and survival power their assertion that there are no alternatives to regenerating existing power structures. BIPOC futurisms center diverse, plural forms of subjectivity attuned to other life forms and earth to create solidarities in the face of overlapping but distinct experiences of oppression. nonlinear plural temporalities approach ecological crises as open-ended renewal rather than either extinction, or resurgence of whiteness geographies in which migration, nonlinear motion, adaptation and attachment to unique places crystallize in adaptive forms of community where white futurists foresee ‘the’ end of ‘the world, many BIPOC thinkers have long been generating new worlds in the wake of the apocalypse of white domination As ecological crises intensify – and with them ‘white nationalist’ movements – we urge scholars to interrogate anxieties that drive mainstream futurisms, and consciously divest from systems of oppression affirmed by these imaginaries. to work toward solidarities with the plural worlds that BIPOC are creating without expecting to be ‘saved’ or welcomed white scholars need to begin imagining worlds beyond the apocalypse of whiteness in which oppressive constructs of ‘humanity’ are transcended, and other worlds can flouris


Question: collapse of dominant power structures

The fictive imaginaries surrounding human extinction at play in these representations are carefully designed to influence the beliefs of policy-makers and citizens alike, reproducing the colonial discourse of “whiteness under siege”.

Mitchell and Chaudhury 2020 (Audra Mitchell and Aadita Chaudhury “Worlding beyond ‘the’ ‘end’ of ‘the world’: white apocalyptic visions and BIPOC futurisms” 2020)

collapse of dominant power structures as the ‘end of the world’ and extinction of ‘humanity’. not the end of earth, but rather whiteness The subjects they frame as under threat reflect Euro-centric norms their underlying fears of decline express reliance on linear time. these discourses impose stark racialized geographies over Black and Brown bodies, which are viewed as drivers of ecological and social collapse. these influence policy-makers and publics through hegemonic cultural structures and exert profound influence on threat, risk, security, and survival power their assertion that there are no alternatives to regenerating existing power structures. BIPOC futurisms center diverse, plural forms of subjectivity attuned to other life forms and earth to create solidarities in the face of overlapping but distinct experiences of oppression. nonlinear plural temporalities approach ecological crises as open-ended renewal rather than either extinction, or resurgence of whiteness geographies in which migration, nonlinear motion, adaptation and attachment to unique places crystallize in adaptive forms of community where white futurists foresee ‘the’ end of ‘the world, many BIPOC thinkers have long been generating new worlds in the wake of the apocalypse of white domination As ecological crises intensify – and with them ‘white nationalist’ movements – we urge scholars to interrogate anxieties that drive mainstream futurisms, and consciously divest from systems of oppression affirmed by these imaginaries. to work toward solidarities with the plural worlds that BIPOC are creating without expecting to be ‘saved’ or welcomed white scholars need to begin imagining worlds beyond the apocalypse of whiteness in which oppressive constructs of ‘humanity’ are transcended, and other worlds can flouris


Question: racialized geographies black and brown bodies

The fictive imaginaries surrounding human extinction at play in these representations are carefully designed to influence the beliefs of policy-makers and citizens alike, reproducing the colonial discourse of “whiteness under siege”.

Mitchell and Chaudhury 2020 (Audra Mitchell and Aadita Chaudhury “Worlding beyond ‘the’ ‘end’ of ‘the world’: white apocalyptic visions and BIPOC futurisms” 2020)

collapse of dominant power structures as the ‘end of the world’ and extinction of ‘humanity’. not the end of earth, but rather whiteness The subjects they frame as under threat reflect Euro-centric norms their underlying fears of decline express reliance on linear time. these discourses impose stark racialized geographies over Black and Brown bodies, which are viewed as drivers of ecological and social collapse. these influence policy-makers and publics through hegemonic cultural structures and exert profound influence on threat, risk, security, and survival power their assertion that there are no alternatives to regenerating existing power structures. BIPOC futurisms center diverse, plural forms of subjectivity attuned to other life forms and earth to create solidarities in the face of overlapping but distinct experiences of oppression. nonlinear plural temporalities approach ecological crises as open-ended renewal rather than either extinction, or resurgence of whiteness geographies in which migration, nonlinear motion, adaptation and attachment to unique places crystallize in adaptive forms of community where white futurists foresee ‘the’ end of ‘the world, many BIPOC thinkers have long been generating new worlds in the wake of the apocalypse of white domination As ecological crises intensify – and with them ‘white nationalist’ movements – we urge scholars to interrogate anxieties that drive mainstream futurisms, and consciously divest from systems of oppression affirmed by these imaginaries. to work toward solidarities with the plural worlds that BIPOC are creating without expecting to be ‘saved’ or welcomed white scholars need to begin imagining worlds beyond the apocalypse of whiteness in which oppressive constructs of ‘humanity’ are transcended, and other worlds can flouris