Question: Averting extinction not colonialist

Averting extinction is not colonialist---mobilization against and study of precipitous conditions is preferable to fatalism that sacrifices humanity to extinction.

Dr. Tim Stevens 20, PhD, Reader, International Security, King’s College, London. Lecturer, War Studies, King’s College, London, "Productive Pessimism: Rehabilitating John Herz’s Survival Research for the Anthropocene," in Pessimism in International Relations, Chapter 6, pg. 83-90, 2020, Springer. [italics in original; language edited; OCR error edited]

at an  ‘inflection point’ act now , or face disastrous consequences seem pessimistic not fatalistic because pessimism envisions dark futures it  demands action positively charged resource  that  reinforces active capacities nuc s link concern not survival of state  but the species conditions that erase all human institutions  and ways of life demise caused by inability  to discern material effects of deficient world views the  scale of nuc s compelled courses of  action  to remediate the  alternative to ‘ought to’ denotes extinction survival becomes an  absolute distinct  from utopianism apocalypse is a  device  through which transformation be brought issues d been  dangerously neglected normalisation by which we fail to  discern cumulative impacts invisible  to the ordinary obscured  by self-interest pessimism was  not a excuse for fatalism as a  scholar aim was clarify relations between act s  and  destructive consequences ’ a interdisciplinary undertaking across disciplines Solutions demand conscious practical  and  policy relevance by  raising awareness  and a  sense of urgency must transcend internecine disputes  between realism and liberalism


Question: Tim Stevens 20

Averting extinction is not colonialist---mobilization against and study of precipitous conditions is preferable to fatalism that sacrifices humanity to extinction.

Dr. Tim Stevens 20, PhD, Reader, International Security, King’s College, London. Lecturer, War Studies, King’s College, London, "Productive Pessimism: Rehabilitating John Herz’s Survival Research for the Anthropocene," in Pessimism in International Relations, Chapter 6, pg. 83-90, 2020, Springer. [italics in original; language edited; OCR error edited]

at an  ‘inflection point’ act now , or face disastrous consequences seem pessimistic not fatalistic because pessimism envisions dark futures it  demands action positively charged resource  that  reinforces active capacities nuc s link concern not survival of state  but the species conditions that erase all human institutions  and ways of life demise caused by inability  to discern material effects of deficient world views the  scale of nuc s compelled courses of  action  to remediate the  alternative to ‘ought to’ denotes extinction survival becomes an  absolute distinct  from utopianism apocalypse is a  device  through which transformation be brought issues d been  dangerously neglected normalisation by which we fail to  discern cumulative impacts invisible  to the ordinary obscured  by self-interest pessimism was  not a excuse for fatalism as a  scholar aim was clarify relations between act s  and  destructive consequences ’ a interdisciplinary undertaking across disciplines Solutions demand conscious practical  and  policy relevance by  raising awareness  and a  sense of urgency must transcend internecine disputes  between realism and liberalism


Question: productive pessimism

Averting extinction is not colonialist---mobilization against and study of precipitous conditions is preferable to fatalism that sacrifices humanity to extinction.

Dr. Tim Stevens 20, PhD, Reader, International Security, King’s College, London. Lecturer, War Studies, King’s College, London, "Productive Pessimism: Rehabilitating John Herz’s Survival Research for the Anthropocene," in Pessimism in International Relations, Chapter 6, pg. 83-90, 2020, Springer. [italics in original; language edited; OCR error edited]

at an  ‘inflection point’ act now , or face disastrous consequences seem pessimistic not fatalistic because pessimism envisions dark futures it  demands action positively charged resource  that  reinforces active capacities nuc s link concern not survival of state  but the species conditions that erase all human institutions  and ways of life demise caused by inability  to discern material effects of deficient world views the  scale of nuc s compelled courses of  action  to remediate the  alternative to ‘ought to’ denotes extinction survival becomes an  absolute distinct  from utopianism apocalypse is a  device  through which transformation be brought issues d been  dangerously neglected normalisation by which we fail to  discern cumulative impacts invisible  to the ordinary obscured  by self-interest pessimism was  not a excuse for fatalism as a  scholar aim was clarify relations between act s  and  destructive consequences ’ a interdisciplinary undertaking across disciplines Solutions demand conscious practical  and  policy relevance by  raising awareness  and a  sense of urgency must transcend internecine disputes  between realism and liberalism


Question: extinction not fatalism

Averting extinction is not colonialist---mobilization against and study of precipitous conditions is preferable to fatalism that sacrifices humanity to extinction.

Dr. Tim Stevens 20, PhD, Reader, International Security, King’s College, London. Lecturer, War Studies, King’s College, London, "Productive Pessimism: Rehabilitating John Herz’s Survival Research for the Anthropocene," in Pessimism in International Relations, Chapter 6, pg. 83-90, 2020, Springer. [italics in original; language edited; OCR error edited]

at an  ‘inflection point’ act now , or face disastrous consequences seem pessimistic not fatalistic because pessimism envisions dark futures it  demands action positively charged resource  that  reinforces active capacities nuc s link concern not survival of state  but the species conditions that erase all human institutions  and ways of life demise caused by inability  to discern material effects of deficient world views the  scale of nuc s compelled courses of  action  to remediate the  alternative to ‘ought to’ denotes extinction survival becomes an  absolute distinct  from utopianism apocalypse is a  device  through which transformation be brought issues d been  dangerously neglected normalisation by which we fail to  discern cumulative impacts invisible  to the ordinary obscured  by self-interest pessimism was  not a excuse for fatalism as a  scholar aim was clarify relations between act s  and  destructive consequences ’ a interdisciplinary undertaking across disciplines Solutions demand conscious practical  and  policy relevance by  raising awareness  and a  sense of urgency must transcend internecine disputes  between realism and liberalism


Question: demands action positively charged resource

Averting extinction is not colonialist---mobilization against and study of precipitous conditions is preferable to fatalism that sacrifices humanity to extinction.

Dr. Tim Stevens 20, PhD, Reader, International Security, King’s College, London. Lecturer, War Studies, King’s College, London, "Productive Pessimism: Rehabilitating John Herz’s Survival Research for the Anthropocene," in Pessimism in International Relations, Chapter 6, pg. 83-90, 2020, Springer. [italics in original; language edited; OCR error edited]

at an  ‘inflection point’ act now , or face disastrous consequences seem pessimistic not fatalistic because pessimism envisions dark futures it  demands action positively charged resource  that  reinforces active capacities nuc s link concern not survival of state  but the species conditions that erase all human institutions  and ways of life demise caused by inability  to discern material effects of deficient world views the  scale of nuc s compelled courses of  action  to remediate the  alternative to ‘ought to’ denotes extinction survival becomes an  absolute distinct  from utopianism apocalypse is a  device  through which transformation be brought issues d been  dangerously neglected normalisation by which we fail to  discern cumulative impacts invisible  to the ordinary obscured  by self-interest pessimism was  not a excuse for fatalism as a  scholar aim was clarify relations between act s  and  destructive consequences ’ a interdisciplinary undertaking across disciplines Solutions demand conscious practical  and  policy relevance by  raising awareness  and a  sense of urgency must transcend internecine disputes  between realism and liberalism


Question: survival becomes absolute distinct utopianism

Averting extinction is not colonialist---mobilization against and study of precipitous conditions is preferable to fatalism that sacrifices humanity to extinction.

Dr. Tim Stevens 20, PhD, Reader, International Security, King’s College, London. Lecturer, War Studies, King’s College, London, "Productive Pessimism: Rehabilitating John Herz’s Survival Research for the Anthropocene," in Pessimism in International Relations, Chapter 6, pg. 83-90, 2020, Springer. [italics in original; language edited; OCR error edited]

at an  ‘inflection point’ act now , or face disastrous consequences seem pessimistic not fatalistic because pessimism envisions dark futures it  demands action positively charged resource  that  reinforces active capacities nuc s link concern not survival of state  but the species conditions that erase all human institutions  and ways of life demise caused by inability  to discern material effects of deficient world views the  scale of nuc s compelled courses of  action  to remediate the  alternative to ‘ought to’ denotes extinction survival becomes an  absolute distinct  from utopianism apocalypse is a  device  through which transformation be brought issues d been  dangerously neglected normalisation by which we fail to  discern cumulative impacts invisible  to the ordinary obscured  by self-interest pessimism was  not a excuse for fatalism as a  scholar aim was clarify relations between act s  and  destructive consequences ’ a interdisciplinary undertaking across disciplines Solutions demand conscious practical  and  policy relevance by  raising awareness  and a  sense of urgency must transcend internecine disputes  between realism and liberalism


Question: humanity to extinction

Averting extinction is not colonialist---mobilization against and study of precipitous conditions is preferable to fatalism that sacrifices humanity to extinction.

Dr. Tim Stevens 20, PhD, Reader, International Security, King’s College, London. Lecturer, War Studies, King’s College, London, "Productive Pessimism: Rehabilitating John Herz’s Survival Research for the Anthropocene," in Pessimism in International Relations, Chapter 6, pg. 83-90, 2020, Springer. [italics in original; language edited; OCR error edited]

at an  ‘inflection point’ act now , or face disastrous consequences seem pessimistic not fatalistic because pessimism envisions dark futures it  demands action positively charged resource  that  reinforces active capacities nuc s link concern not survival of state  but the species conditions that erase all human institutions  and ways of life demise caused by inability  to discern material effects of deficient world views the  scale of nuc s compelled courses of  action  to remediate the  alternative to ‘ought to’ denotes extinction survival becomes an  absolute distinct  from utopianism apocalypse is a  device  through which transformation be brought issues d been  dangerously neglected normalisation by which we fail to  discern cumulative impacts invisible  to the ordinary obscured  by self-interest pessimism was  not a excuse for fatalism as a  scholar aim was clarify relations between act s  and  destructive consequences ’ a interdisciplinary undertaking across disciplines Solutions demand conscious practical  and  policy relevance by  raising awareness  and a  sense of urgency must transcend internecine disputes  between realism and liberalism


Question: transformations must be brought

Averting extinction is not colonialist---mobilization against and study of precipitous conditions is preferable to fatalism that sacrifices humanity to extinction.

Dr. Tim Stevens 20, PhD, Reader, International Security, King’s College, London. Lecturer, War Studies, King’s College, London, "Productive Pessimism: Rehabilitating John Herz’s Survival Research for the Anthropocene," in Pessimism in International Relations, Chapter 6, pg. 83-90, 2020, Springer. [italics in original; language edited; OCR error edited]

at an  ‘inflection point’ act now , or face disastrous consequences seem pessimistic not fatalistic because pessimism envisions dark futures it  demands action positively charged resource  that  reinforces active capacities nuc s link concern not survival of state  but the species conditions that erase all human institutions  and ways of life demise caused by inability  to discern material effects of deficient world views the  scale of nuc s compelled courses of  action  to remediate the  alternative to ‘ought to’ denotes extinction survival becomes an  absolute distinct  from utopianism apocalypse is a  device  through which transformation be brought issues d been  dangerously neglected normalisation by which we fail to  discern cumulative impacts invisible  to the ordinary obscured  by self-interest pessimism was  not a excuse for fatalism as a  scholar aim was clarify relations between act s  and  destructive consequences ’ a interdisciplinary undertaking across disciplines Solutions demand conscious practical  and  policy relevance by  raising awareness  and a  sense of urgency must transcend internecine disputes  between realism and liberalism


Question: Turns refineries speculation compliance prices

Turns refineries. That’s because intermediaries are able to engage in speculation which drives up compliance prices.

1AC Holman ’18 [Christopher M; Ph.D., J.D. is a Professor of Law at the University of Missouri – Kansas City; University of Missouri Kansas City Law Review, “Article: The Renewable Fuel Standard Reimagined: Clearing a Path for Truly Advanced Biofuel,” Vol 86:4]

The fraud in RIN causes financial harm to obligated parties


Question: Holman 18

Turns refineries. That’s because intermediaries are able to engage in speculation which drives up compliance prices.

1AC Holman ’18 [Christopher M; Ph.D., J.D. is a Professor of Law at the University of Missouri – Kansas City; University of Missouri Kansas City Law Review, “Article: The Renewable Fuel Standard Reimagined: Clearing a Path for Truly Advanced Biofuel,” Vol 86:4]

The fraud in RIN causes financial harm to obligated parties


Question: RIN fraud causes harm

Turns refineries. That’s because intermediaries are able to engage in speculation which drives up compliance prices.

1AC Holman ’18 [Christopher M; Ph.D., J.D. is a Professor of Law at the University of Missouri – Kansas City; University of Missouri Kansas City Law Review, “Article: The Renewable Fuel Standard Reimagined: Clearing a Path for Truly Advanced Biofuel,” Vol 86:4]

The fraud in RIN causes financial harm to obligated parties


Question: renewable fuel standard

Turns refineries. That’s because intermediaries are able to engage in speculation which drives up compliance prices.

1AC Holman ’18 [Christopher M; Ph.D., J.D. is a Professor of Law at the University of Missouri – Kansas City; University of Missouri Kansas City Law Review, “Article: The Renewable Fuel Standard Reimagined: Clearing a Path for Truly Advanced Biofuel,” Vol 86:4]

The fraud in RIN causes financial harm to obligated parties


Question: speculation drives up compliance prices

Turns refineries. That’s because intermediaries are able to engage in speculation which drives up compliance prices.

1AC Holman ’18 [Christopher M; Ph.D., J.D. is a Professor of Law at the University of Missouri – Kansas City; University of Missouri Kansas City Law Review, “Article: The Renewable Fuel Standard Reimagined: Clearing a Path for Truly Advanced Biofuel,” Vol 86:4]

The fraud in RIN causes financial harm to obligated parties


Question: financial harm obligated parties

Turns refineries. That’s because intermediaries are able to engage in speculation which drives up compliance prices.

1AC Holman ’18 [Christopher M; Ph.D., J.D. is a Professor of Law at the University of Missouri – Kansas City; University of Missouri Kansas City Law Review, “Article: The Renewable Fuel Standard Reimagined: Clearing a Path for Truly Advanced Biofuel,” Vol 86:4]

The fraud in RIN causes financial harm to obligated parties


Question: renewable fuel standard reimagined

Turns refineries. That’s because intermediaries are able to engage in speculation which drives up compliance prices.

1AC Holman ’18 [Christopher M; Ph.D., J.D. is a Professor of Law at the University of Missouri – Kansas City; University of Missouri Kansas City Law Review, “Article: The Renewable Fuel Standard Reimagined: Clearing a Path for Truly Advanced Biofuel,” Vol 86:4]

The fraud in RIN causes financial harm to obligated parties


Question: identical outcome and bypasses politicization

It has an identical outcome BUT bypasses politicization

MC 21, citing Ivan Frishberg, director of impact policy at Amalgamated Bank. (Manifest Climate, 2-22-2021, "No charge: industry groups sharpen opposition to prudential climate rules," https://www.manifestclimate.com/blog/no-charge-industry-groups-sharpen-opposition-to-prudential-climate-rules/)

Though industry groups oppose climate capital charges they do support a price on carbon the impact on bank capital requirements would resemble a regulator-set climate factor. A company that emits carbon would incur a greater toll through pricing these costs have a deleterious effect on its credit The impact is the same financing something high-carbon is going to cost you more a fair price would eliminate concerns about data and politics an economy- wide number would free regulators from accusations of political bias


Question: MC 21 climate capital charges

It has an identical outcome BUT bypasses politicization

MC 21, citing Ivan Frishberg, director of impact policy at Amalgamated Bank. (Manifest Climate, 2-22-2021, "No charge: industry groups sharpen opposition to prudential climate rules," https://www.manifestclimate.com/blog/no-charge-industry-groups-sharpen-opposition-to-prudential-climate-rules/)

Though industry groups oppose climate capital charges they do support a price on carbon the impact on bank capital requirements would resemble a regulator-set climate factor. A company that emits carbon would incur a greater toll through pricing these costs have a deleterious effect on its credit The impact is the same financing something high-carbon is going to cost you more a fair price would eliminate concerns about data and politics an economy- wide number would free regulators from accusations of political bias


Question: climate capital charges

It has an identical outcome BUT bypasses politicization

MC 21, citing Ivan Frishberg, director of impact policy at Amalgamated Bank. (Manifest Climate, 2-22-2021, "No charge: industry groups sharpen opposition to prudential climate rules," https://www.manifestclimate.com/blog/no-charge-industry-groups-sharpen-opposition-to-prudential-climate-rules/)

Though industry groups oppose climate capital charges they do support a price on carbon the impact on bank capital requirements would resemble a regulator-set climate factor. A company that emits carbon would incur a greater toll through pricing these costs have a deleterious effect on its credit The impact is the same financing something high-carbon is going to cost you more a fair price would eliminate concerns about data and politics an economy- wide number would free regulators from accusations of political bias


Question: price on carbon is good

It has an identical outcome BUT bypasses politicization

MC 21, citing Ivan Frishberg, director of impact policy at Amalgamated Bank. (Manifest Climate, 2-22-2021, "No charge: industry groups sharpen opposition to prudential climate rules," https://www.manifestclimate.com/blog/no-charge-industry-groups-sharpen-opposition-to-prudential-climate-rules/)

Though industry groups oppose climate capital charges they do support a price on carbon the impact on bank capital requirements would resemble a regulator-set climate factor. A company that emits carbon would incur a greater toll through pricing these costs have a deleterious effect on its credit The impact is the same financing something high-carbon is going to cost you more a fair price would eliminate concerns about data and politics an economy- wide number would free regulators from accusations of political bias


Question: fair carbon price eliminates politics

It has an identical outcome BUT bypasses politicization

MC 21, citing Ivan Frishberg, director of impact policy at Amalgamated Bank. (Manifest Climate, 2-22-2021, "No charge: industry groups sharpen opposition to prudential climate rules," https://www.manifestclimate.com/blog/no-charge-industry-groups-sharpen-opposition-to-prudential-climate-rules/)

Though industry groups oppose climate capital charges they do support a price on carbon the impact on bank capital requirements would resemble a regulator-set climate factor. A company that emits carbon would incur a greater toll through pricing these costs have a deleterious effect on its credit The impact is the same financing something high-carbon is going to cost you more a fair price would eliminate concerns about data and politics an economy- wide number would free regulators from accusations of political bias


Question: climate capital charges industry groups

It has an identical outcome BUT bypasses politicization

MC 21, citing Ivan Frishberg, director of impact policy at Amalgamated Bank. (Manifest Climate, 2-22-2021, "No charge: industry groups sharpen opposition to prudential climate rules," https://www.manifestclimate.com/blog/no-charge-industry-groups-sharpen-opposition-to-prudential-climate-rules/)

Though industry groups oppose climate capital charges they do support a price on carbon the impact on bank capital requirements would resemble a regulator-set climate factor. A company that emits carbon would incur a greater toll through pricing these costs have a deleterious effect on its credit The impact is the same financing something high-carbon is going to cost you more a fair price would eliminate concerns about data and politics an economy- wide number would free regulators from accusations of political bias


Question: capital requirements resemble regulator set climate factor

It has an identical outcome BUT bypasses politicization

MC 21, citing Ivan Frishberg, director of impact policy at Amalgamated Bank. (Manifest Climate, 2-22-2021, "No charge: industry groups sharpen opposition to prudential climate rules," https://www.manifestclimate.com/blog/no-charge-industry-groups-sharpen-opposition-to-prudential-climate-rules/)

Though industry groups oppose climate capital charges they do support a price on carbon the impact on bank capital requirements would resemble a regulator-set climate factor. A company that emits carbon would incur a greater toll through pricing these costs have a deleterious effect on its credit The impact is the same financing something high-carbon is going to cost you more a fair price would eliminate concerns about data and politics an economy- wide number would free regulators from accusations of political bias


Question: Market failure good framing

2---Framing warming as a market failure is good---lack of pricing is the root cause of the problem, and any alternative fails.

Chun 21, Engineer at Tapestry, a company working on integrating renewable electricity into the grid, B.A., Computer Science and Economics at Dartmouth University (Steven Chun, January 21, 2021, “Carbon Pricing and its Progressive Discontents,” https://blog.stevenchun.me/2021/01/Carbon-Pricing-and-its-Progressive-Discontents/) *text inserted from tweet screenshot.

There’s wariness among the left towards anything market “ Climate is not a market glitch pipes in Flint weren’t “ market failure .” this is not good pricing is at the heart of everything we need to reduce emissions and at same time , keep people fed , housed , and cool the homeowner might install solar fight you on transit colonialism’s economic model there is a common thread . It is cheap to emit suburbs sprawl , because it is cheap to drive if we priced things in proportion to damage Bad things would be more expensive , and people do them less


Question: Chun 21

2---Framing warming as a market failure is good---lack of pricing is the root cause of the problem, and any alternative fails.

Chun 21, Engineer at Tapestry, a company working on integrating renewable electricity into the grid, B.A., Computer Science and Economics at Dartmouth University (Steven Chun, January 21, 2021, “Carbon Pricing and its Progressive Discontents,” https://blog.stevenchun.me/2021/01/Carbon-Pricing-and-its-Progressive-Discontents/) *text inserted from tweet screenshot.

There’s wariness among the left towards anything market “ Climate is not a market glitch pipes in Flint weren’t “ market failure .” this is not good pricing is at the heart of everything we need to reduce emissions and at same time , keep people fed , housed , and cool the homeowner might install solar fight you on transit colonialism’s economic model there is a common thread . It is cheap to emit suburbs sprawl , because it is cheap to drive if we priced things in proportion to damage Bad things would be more expensive , and people do them less


Question: Steven Chun

2---Framing warming as a market failure is good---lack of pricing is the root cause of the problem, and any alternative fails.

Chun 21, Engineer at Tapestry, a company working on integrating renewable electricity into the grid, B.A., Computer Science and Economics at Dartmouth University (Steven Chun, January 21, 2021, “Carbon Pricing and its Progressive Discontents,” https://blog.stevenchun.me/2021/01/Carbon-Pricing-and-its-Progressive-Discontents/) *text inserted from tweet screenshot.

There’s wariness among the left towards anything market “ Climate is not a market glitch pipes in Flint weren’t “ market failure .” this is not good pricing is at the heart of everything we need to reduce emissions and at same time , keep people fed , housed , and cool the homeowner might install solar fight you on transit colonialism’s economic model there is a common thread . It is cheap to emit suburbs sprawl , because it is cheap to drive if we priced things in proportion to damage Bad things would be more expensive , and people do them less


Question: Climate change market failure

2---Framing warming as a market failure is good---lack of pricing is the root cause of the problem, and any alternative fails.

Chun 21, Engineer at Tapestry, a company working on integrating renewable electricity into the grid, B.A., Computer Science and Economics at Dartmouth University (Steven Chun, January 21, 2021, “Carbon Pricing and its Progressive Discontents,” https://blog.stevenchun.me/2021/01/Carbon-Pricing-and-its-Progressive-Discontents/) *text inserted from tweet screenshot.

There’s wariness among the left towards anything market “ Climate is not a market glitch pipes in Flint weren’t “ market failure .” this is not good pricing is at the heart of everything we need to reduce emissions and at same time , keep people fed , housed , and cool the homeowner might install solar fight you on transit colonialism’s economic model there is a common thread . It is cheap to emit suburbs sprawl , because it is cheap to drive if we priced things in proportion to damage Bad things would be more expensive , and people do them less


Question: lack of carbon pricing

2---Framing warming as a market failure is good---lack of pricing is the root cause of the problem, and any alternative fails.

Chun 21, Engineer at Tapestry, a company working on integrating renewable electricity into the grid, B.A., Computer Science and Economics at Dartmouth University (Steven Chun, January 21, 2021, “Carbon Pricing and its Progressive Discontents,” https://blog.stevenchun.me/2021/01/Carbon-Pricing-and-its-Progressive-Discontents/) *text inserted from tweet screenshot.

There’s wariness among the left towards anything market “ Climate is not a market glitch pipes in Flint weren’t “ market failure .” this is not good pricing is at the heart of everything we need to reduce emissions and at same time , keep people fed , housed , and cool the homeowner might install solar fight you on transit colonialism’s economic model there is a common thread . It is cheap to emit suburbs sprawl , because it is cheap to drive if we priced things in proportion to damage Bad things would be more expensive , and people do them less


Question: pricing is the root cause

2---Framing warming as a market failure is good---lack of pricing is the root cause of the problem, and any alternative fails.

Chun 21, Engineer at Tapestry, a company working on integrating renewable electricity into the grid, B.A., Computer Science and Economics at Dartmouth University (Steven Chun, January 21, 2021, “Carbon Pricing and its Progressive Discontents,” https://blog.stevenchun.me/2021/01/Carbon-Pricing-and-its-Progressive-Discontents/) *text inserted from tweet screenshot.

There’s wariness among the left towards anything market “ Climate is not a market glitch pipes in Flint weren’t “ market failure .” this is not good pricing is at the heart of everything we need to reduce emissions and at same time , keep people fed , housed , and cool the homeowner might install solar fight you on transit colonialism’s economic model there is a common thread . It is cheap to emit suburbs sprawl , because it is cheap to drive if we priced things in proportion to damage Bad things would be more expensive , and people do them less


Question: reduce emissions pricing

2---Framing warming as a market failure is good---lack of pricing is the root cause of the problem, and any alternative fails.

Chun 21, Engineer at Tapestry, a company working on integrating renewable electricity into the grid, B.A., Computer Science and Economics at Dartmouth University (Steven Chun, January 21, 2021, “Carbon Pricing and its Progressive Discontents,” https://blog.stevenchun.me/2021/01/Carbon-Pricing-and-its-Progressive-Discontents/) *text inserted from tweet screenshot.

There’s wariness among the left towards anything market “ Climate is not a market glitch pipes in Flint weren’t “ market failure .” this is not good pricing is at the heart of everything we need to reduce emissions and at same time , keep people fed , housed , and cool the homeowner might install solar fight you on transit colonialism’s economic model there is a common thread . It is cheap to emit suburbs sprawl , because it is cheap to drive if we priced things in proportion to damage Bad things would be more expensive , and people do them less


Question: Climate change locked in

Climate change is locked in due to acceleration of plunder and disaster with no guardrails.

STEFFEN 2025 (Alex, writes about the climate in the newsletter The Snap Forward, “Trump Won’t Confront the Climate Crisis. He’ll Feast Off It.

The Trump crowd see acceleration of climate chaos as opportunity Pulling out of Paris only th beginning . Every fossil fuel executive sprawl developer in America is lining up Project 2025 identified A society crashing  from disaster offers ample opportunities for With the power of the presidency unchecked , a submissive Congress , a compliant Supreme Court , and an army of acolytes in governors’ mansions Trump will be MAGA pundits have a well-developed strategy for preventing accurate coverage of reality .” Trump will be in a position to spew official disinformation


Question: Steffen 2025

Climate change is locked in due to acceleration of plunder and disaster with no guardrails.

STEFFEN 2025 (Alex, writes about the climate in the newsletter The Snap Forward, “Trump Won’t Confront the Climate Crisis. He’ll Feast Off It.

The Trump crowd see acceleration of climate chaos as opportunity Pulling out of Paris only th beginning . Every fossil fuel executive sprawl developer in America is lining up Project 2025 identified A society crashing  from disaster offers ample opportunities for With the power of the presidency unchecked , a submissive Congress , a compliant Supreme Court , and an army of acolytes in governors’ mansions Trump will be MAGA pundits have a well-developed strategy for preventing accurate coverage of reality .” Trump will be in a position to spew official disinformation


Question: Alex Steffen

Climate change is locked in due to acceleration of plunder and disaster with no guardrails.

STEFFEN 2025 (Alex, writes about the climate in the newsletter The Snap Forward, “Trump Won’t Confront the Climate Crisis. He’ll Feast Off It.

The Trump crowd see acceleration of climate chaos as opportunity Pulling out of Paris only th beginning . Every fossil fuel executive sprawl developer in America is lining up Project 2025 identified A society crashing  from disaster offers ample opportunities for With the power of the presidency unchecked , a submissive Congress , a compliant Supreme Court , and an army of acolytes in governors’ mansions Trump will be MAGA pundits have a well-developed strategy for preventing accurate coverage of reality .” Trump will be in a position to spew official disinformation


Question: Trump climate denial

Climate change is locked in due to acceleration of plunder and disaster with no guardrails.

STEFFEN 2025 (Alex, writes about the climate in the newsletter The Snap Forward, “Trump Won’t Confront the Climate Crisis. He’ll Feast Off It.

The Trump crowd see acceleration of climate chaos as opportunity Pulling out of Paris only th beginning . Every fossil fuel executive sprawl developer in America is lining up Project 2025 identified A society crashing  from disaster offers ample opportunities for With the power of the presidency unchecked , a submissive Congress , a compliant Supreme Court , and an army of acolytes in governors’ mansions Trump will be MAGA pundits have a well-developed strategy for preventing accurate coverage of reality .” Trump will be in a position to spew official disinformation


Question: climate chaos opportunity

Climate change is locked in due to acceleration of plunder and disaster with no guardrails.

STEFFEN 2025 (Alex, writes about the climate in the newsletter The Snap Forward, “Trump Won’t Confront the Climate Crisis. He’ll Feast Off It.

The Trump crowd see acceleration of climate chaos as opportunity Pulling out of Paris only th beginning . Every fossil fuel executive sprawl developer in America is lining up Project 2025 identified A society crashing  from disaster offers ample opportunities for With the power of the presidency unchecked , a submissive Congress , a compliant Supreme Court , and an army of acolytes in governors’ mansions Trump will be MAGA pundits have a well-developed strategy for preventing accurate coverage of reality .” Trump will be in a position to spew official disinformation


Question: Project 2025 climate

Climate change is locked in due to acceleration of plunder and disaster with no guardrails.

STEFFEN 2025 (Alex, writes about the climate in the newsletter The Snap Forward, “Trump Won’t Confront the Climate Crisis. He’ll Feast Off It.

The Trump crowd see acceleration of climate chaos as opportunity Pulling out of Paris only th beginning . Every fossil fuel executive sprawl developer in America is lining up Project 2025 identified A society crashing  from disaster offers ample opportunities for With the power of the presidency unchecked , a submissive Congress , a compliant Supreme Court , and an army of acolytes in governors’ mansions Trump will be MAGA pundits have a well-developed strategy for preventing accurate coverage of reality .” Trump will be in a position to spew official disinformation


Question: no guardrails climate change

Climate change is locked in due to acceleration of plunder and disaster with no guardrails.

STEFFEN 2025 (Alex, writes about the climate in the newsletter The Snap Forward, “Trump Won’t Confront the Climate Crisis. He’ll Feast Off It.

The Trump crowd see acceleration of climate chaos as opportunity Pulling out of Paris only th beginning . Every fossil fuel executive sprawl developer in America is lining up Project 2025 identified A society crashing  from disaster offers ample opportunities for With the power of the presidency unchecked , a submissive Congress , a compliant Supreme Court , and an army of acolytes in governors’ mansions Trump will be MAGA pundits have a well-developed strategy for preventing accurate coverage of reality .” Trump will be in a position to spew official disinformation


Question: Failure to contain shadow banking

Failure to contain shadow banking zeroes solvency.

Christina Parajon Skinner 21. Assistant Professor, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. “Central Banks and Climate Change”. Vanderbilt Law Review Vol. 74:5:1301. 2021. https://wp0.vanderbilt.edu/lawreview/wp-content/uploads/sites/278/2021/10/Central-Banks-and-Climate-Change.pdf

Fed action drive migration of financial activity outside banking sector Increasing capital requirements not extinguish those investments That happened following Basel III, prompting considerable concern over shadow banking Fed has less oversight


Question: Skinner 21

Failure to contain shadow banking zeroes solvency.

Christina Parajon Skinner 21. Assistant Professor, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. “Central Banks and Climate Change”. Vanderbilt Law Review Vol. 74:5:1301. 2021. https://wp0.vanderbilt.edu/lawreview/wp-content/uploads/sites/278/2021/10/Central-Banks-and-Climate-Change.pdf

Fed action drive migration of financial activity outside banking sector Increasing capital requirements not extinguish those investments That happened following Basel III, prompting considerable concern over shadow banking Fed has less oversight


Question: Christina Parajon Skinner

Failure to contain shadow banking zeroes solvency.

Christina Parajon Skinner 21. Assistant Professor, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. “Central Banks and Climate Change”. Vanderbilt Law Review Vol. 74:5:1301. 2021. https://wp0.vanderbilt.edu/lawreview/wp-content/uploads/sites/278/2021/10/Central-Banks-and-Climate-Change.pdf

Fed action drive migration of financial activity outside banking sector Increasing capital requirements not extinguish those investments That happened following Basel III, prompting considerable concern over shadow banking Fed has less oversight


Question: shadow banking solvency

Failure to contain shadow banking zeroes solvency.

Christina Parajon Skinner 21. Assistant Professor, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. “Central Banks and Climate Change”. Vanderbilt Law Review Vol. 74:5:1301. 2021. https://wp0.vanderbilt.edu/lawreview/wp-content/uploads/sites/278/2021/10/Central-Banks-and-Climate-Change.pdf

Fed action drive migration of financial activity outside banking sector Increasing capital requirements not extinguish those investments That happened following Basel III, prompting considerable concern over shadow banking Fed has less oversight


Question: Fed action drive migration

Failure to contain shadow banking zeroes solvency.

Christina Parajon Skinner 21. Assistant Professor, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. “Central Banks and Climate Change”. Vanderbilt Law Review Vol. 74:5:1301. 2021. https://wp0.vanderbilt.edu/lawreview/wp-content/uploads/sites/278/2021/10/Central-Banks-and-Climate-Change.pdf

Fed action drive migration of financial activity outside banking sector Increasing capital requirements not extinguish those investments That happened following Basel III, prompting considerable concern over shadow banking Fed has less oversight


Question: Basel III shadow banking

Failure to contain shadow banking zeroes solvency.

Christina Parajon Skinner 21. Assistant Professor, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. “Central Banks and Climate Change”. Vanderbilt Law Review Vol. 74:5:1301. 2021. https://wp0.vanderbilt.edu/lawreview/wp-content/uploads/sites/278/2021/10/Central-Banks-and-Climate-Change.pdf

Fed action drive migration of financial activity outside banking sector Increasing capital requirements not extinguish those investments That happened following Basel III, prompting considerable concern over shadow banking Fed has less oversight


Question: Central banks and climate change

Failure to contain shadow banking zeroes solvency.

Christina Parajon Skinner 21. Assistant Professor, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. “Central Banks and Climate Change”. Vanderbilt Law Review Vol. 74:5:1301. 2021. https://wp0.vanderbilt.edu/lawreview/wp-content/uploads/sites/278/2021/10/Central-Banks-and-Climate-Change.pdf

Fed action drive migration of financial activity outside banking sector Increasing capital requirements not extinguish those investments That happened following Basel III, prompting considerable concern over shadow banking Fed has less oversight


Question: Energy Policy hegemonic regimes

Adhering to hegemonic regimes of energy policy relevance erodes sustainable planning, crowds out democratic control of the energy sector, and locks in global ecological catastrophe. Endorsing counterhegemonic politics against the AFF’s “regime of truth” is a prerequisite for effective energy politics.

Żuk & Żuk 22 – Piotr Żuk, professor of sociology and president of the Institute for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Foundation at Wroclaw University; Pawel Żuk, assistant professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Policy and Faculty of Economics and Finance at Wroclaw University, February 2022, “Energy/power as a tool that disciplines and reproduces the energy order and as a critical-analytical perspective on energy policy,” Energy Policy, 161(112750), pp. 3-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112750, mcb

Energy is the main pillar of the nation-state political dimension of energy becomes visible in crises state administration is usually subordinated to logic of the capitalist system energy/power sets development goals global scale ; models are not neutral recreates forms of ownership using knowledge related to prevailing energy tech states , imposing rules making participants dependent Freeing would mean establishing mechanisms make it difficult to treat energy as capital diminish the importance of states State media corporations  reproduce ideas about directions of development with interests of energy stakeholders discourse on ecology and policy the work of models is t foreclos questions of reducing demand or adoption of efficiency measures discourses that shape public opinion promote economic nationalism defend hegemony of energy suppliers dominant discourse use concepts of sovereignty security as elements of manipulation to justify control current energy order preserved at the level of discourse perpetuates narrative natural resources as profit ways of communicating about energy perpetuate belief systems can be changed while sustaining existing social relations refer to free market ideology justifies less oversight public discourse on energy turn citizens into passive consumers freeing citizens means replacing passive consumers with active citizens the energy system can be used to control individuals a means of power inscribed in regimes of truth individual values and beliefs take on political meaning behaviours subordinate to the system inscribed in bio-power The more bureaucratic the existing system is, more abstract and uncontrolled it is the internalised knowledge element of permanent control the state closes citizens within laws and regulations market lulls social vigilance neutralises involvement in public affairs the market colonise natural resources with impunity the state and market form tactical coalitions profit has become main criterion for assessing corporate policy oil companies are powerful actors which influence geopolitics


Question: Erodes sustainable planning

Adhering to hegemonic regimes of energy policy relevance erodes sustainable planning, crowds out democratic control of the energy sector, and locks in global ecological catastrophe. Endorsing counterhegemonic politics against the AFF’s “regime of truth” is a prerequisite for effective energy politics.

Żuk & Żuk 22 – Piotr Żuk, professor of sociology and president of the Institute for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Foundation at Wroclaw University; Pawel Żuk, assistant professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Policy and Faculty of Economics and Finance at Wroclaw University, February 2022, “Energy/power as a tool that disciplines and reproduces the energy order and as a critical-analytical perspective on energy policy,” Energy Policy, 161(112750), pp. 3-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112750, mcb

Energy is the main pillar of the nation-state political dimension of energy becomes visible in crises state administration is usually subordinated to logic of the capitalist system energy/power sets development goals global scale ; models are not neutral recreates forms of ownership using knowledge related to prevailing energy tech states , imposing rules making participants dependent Freeing would mean establishing mechanisms make it difficult to treat energy as capital diminish the importance of states State media corporations  reproduce ideas about directions of development with interests of energy stakeholders discourse on ecology and policy the work of models is t foreclos questions of reducing demand or adoption of efficiency measures discourses that shape public opinion promote economic nationalism defend hegemony of energy suppliers dominant discourse use concepts of sovereignty security as elements of manipulation to justify control current energy order preserved at the level of discourse perpetuates narrative natural resources as profit ways of communicating about energy perpetuate belief systems can be changed while sustaining existing social relations refer to free market ideology justifies less oversight public discourse on energy turn citizens into passive consumers freeing citizens means replacing passive consumers with active citizens the energy system can be used to control individuals a means of power inscribed in regimes of truth individual values and beliefs take on political meaning behaviours subordinate to the system inscribed in bio-power The more bureaucratic the existing system is, more abstract and uncontrolled it is the internalised knowledge element of permanent control the state closes citizens within laws and regulations market lulls social vigilance neutralises involvement in public affairs the market colonise natural resources with impunity the state and market form tactical coalitions profit has become main criterion for assessing corporate policy oil companies are powerful actors which influence geopolitics


Question: Żuk & Żuk 22 energy order

Adhering to hegemonic regimes of energy policy relevance erodes sustainable planning, crowds out democratic control of the energy sector, and locks in global ecological catastrophe. Endorsing counterhegemonic politics against the AFF’s “regime of truth” is a prerequisite for effective energy politics.

Żuk & Żuk 22 – Piotr Żuk, professor of sociology and president of the Institute for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Foundation at Wroclaw University; Pawel Żuk, assistant professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Policy and Faculty of Economics and Finance at Wroclaw University, February 2022, “Energy/power as a tool that disciplines and reproduces the energy order and as a critical-analytical perspective on energy policy,” Energy Policy, 161(112750), pp. 3-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112750, mcb

Energy is the main pillar of the nation-state political dimension of energy becomes visible in crises state administration is usually subordinated to logic of the capitalist system energy/power sets development goals global scale ; models are not neutral recreates forms of ownership using knowledge related to prevailing energy tech states , imposing rules making participants dependent Freeing would mean establishing mechanisms make it difficult to treat energy as capital diminish the importance of states State media corporations  reproduce ideas about directions of development with interests of energy stakeholders discourse on ecology and policy the work of models is t foreclos questions of reducing demand or adoption of efficiency measures discourses that shape public opinion promote economic nationalism defend hegemony of energy suppliers dominant discourse use concepts of sovereignty security as elements of manipulation to justify control current energy order preserved at the level of discourse perpetuates narrative natural resources as profit ways of communicating about energy perpetuate belief systems can be changed while sustaining existing social relations refer to free market ideology justifies less oversight public discourse on energy turn citizens into passive consumers freeing citizens means replacing passive consumers with active citizens the energy system can be used to control individuals a means of power inscribed in regimes of truth individual values and beliefs take on political meaning behaviours subordinate to the system inscribed in bio-power The more bureaucratic the existing system is, more abstract and uncontrolled it is the internalised knowledge element of permanent control the state closes citizens within laws and regulations market lulls social vigilance neutralises involvement in public affairs the market colonise natural resources with impunity the state and market form tactical coalitions profit has become main criterion for assessing corporate policy oil companies are powerful actors which influence geopolitics


Question: Energy crowds out democratic control

Adhering to hegemonic regimes of energy policy relevance erodes sustainable planning, crowds out democratic control of the energy sector, and locks in global ecological catastrophe. Endorsing counterhegemonic politics against the AFF’s “regime of truth” is a prerequisite for effective energy politics.

Żuk & Żuk 22 – Piotr Żuk, professor of sociology and president of the Institute for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Foundation at Wroclaw University; Pawel Żuk, assistant professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Policy and Faculty of Economics and Finance at Wroclaw University, February 2022, “Energy/power as a tool that disciplines and reproduces the energy order and as a critical-analytical perspective on energy policy,” Energy Policy, 161(112750), pp. 3-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112750, mcb

Energy is the main pillar of the nation-state political dimension of energy becomes visible in crises state administration is usually subordinated to logic of the capitalist system energy/power sets development goals global scale ; models are not neutral recreates forms of ownership using knowledge related to prevailing energy tech states , imposing rules making participants dependent Freeing would mean establishing mechanisms make it difficult to treat energy as capital diminish the importance of states State media corporations  reproduce ideas about directions of development with interests of energy stakeholders discourse on ecology and policy the work of models is t foreclos questions of reducing demand or adoption of efficiency measures discourses that shape public opinion promote economic nationalism defend hegemony of energy suppliers dominant discourse use concepts of sovereignty security as elements of manipulation to justify control current energy order preserved at the level of discourse perpetuates narrative natural resources as profit ways of communicating about energy perpetuate belief systems can be changed while sustaining existing social relations refer to free market ideology justifies less oversight public discourse on energy turn citizens into passive consumers freeing citizens means replacing passive consumers with active citizens the energy system can be used to control individuals a means of power inscribed in regimes of truth individual values and beliefs take on political meaning behaviours subordinate to the system inscribed in bio-power The more bureaucratic the existing system is, more abstract and uncontrolled it is the internalised knowledge element of permanent control the state closes citizens within laws and regulations market lulls social vigilance neutralises involvement in public affairs the market colonise natural resources with impunity the state and market form tactical coalitions profit has become main criterion for assessing corporate policy oil companies are powerful actors which influence geopolitics


Question: energy policy relevance erodes sustainable planning

Adhering to hegemonic regimes of energy policy relevance erodes sustainable planning, crowds out democratic control of the energy sector, and locks in global ecological catastrophe. Endorsing counterhegemonic politics against the AFF’s “regime of truth” is a prerequisite for effective energy politics.

Żuk & Żuk 22 – Piotr Żuk, professor of sociology and president of the Institute for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Foundation at Wroclaw University; Pawel Żuk, assistant professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Policy and Faculty of Economics and Finance at Wroclaw University, February 2022, “Energy/power as a tool that disciplines and reproduces the energy order and as a critical-analytical perspective on energy policy,” Energy Policy, 161(112750), pp. 3-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112750, mcb

Energy is the main pillar of the nation-state political dimension of energy becomes visible in crises state administration is usually subordinated to logic of the capitalist system energy/power sets development goals global scale ; models are not neutral recreates forms of ownership using knowledge related to prevailing energy tech states , imposing rules making participants dependent Freeing would mean establishing mechanisms make it difficult to treat energy as capital diminish the importance of states State media corporations  reproduce ideas about directions of development with interests of energy stakeholders discourse on ecology and policy the work of models is t foreclos questions of reducing demand or adoption of efficiency measures discourses that shape public opinion promote economic nationalism defend hegemony of energy suppliers dominant discourse use concepts of sovereignty security as elements of manipulation to justify control current energy order preserved at the level of discourse perpetuates narrative natural resources as profit ways of communicating about energy perpetuate belief systems can be changed while sustaining existing social relations refer to free market ideology justifies less oversight public discourse on energy turn citizens into passive consumers freeing citizens means replacing passive consumers with active citizens the energy system can be used to control individuals a means of power inscribed in regimes of truth individual values and beliefs take on political meaning behaviours subordinate to the system inscribed in bio-power The more bureaucratic the existing system is, more abstract and uncontrolled it is the internalised knowledge element of permanent control the state closes citizens within laws and regulations market lulls social vigilance neutralises involvement in public affairs the market colonise natural resources with impunity the state and market form tactical coalitions profit has become main criterion for assessing corporate policy oil companies are powerful actors which influence geopolitics


Question: energy discourse

Adhering to hegemonic regimes of energy policy relevance erodes sustainable planning, crowds out democratic control of the energy sector, and locks in global ecological catastrophe. Endorsing counterhegemonic politics against the AFF’s “regime of truth” is a prerequisite for effective energy politics.

Żuk & Żuk 22 – Piotr Żuk, professor of sociology and president of the Institute for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Foundation at Wroclaw University; Pawel Żuk, assistant professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Policy and Faculty of Economics and Finance at Wroclaw University, February 2022, “Energy/power as a tool that disciplines and reproduces the energy order and as a critical-analytical perspective on energy policy,” Energy Policy, 161(112750), pp. 3-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112750, mcb

Energy is the main pillar of the nation-state political dimension of energy becomes visible in crises state administration is usually subordinated to logic of the capitalist system energy/power sets development goals global scale ; models are not neutral recreates forms of ownership using knowledge related to prevailing energy tech states , imposing rules making participants dependent Freeing would mean establishing mechanisms make it difficult to treat energy as capital diminish the importance of states State media corporations  reproduce ideas about directions of development with interests of energy stakeholders discourse on ecology and policy the work of models is t foreclos questions of reducing demand or adoption of efficiency measures discourses that shape public opinion promote economic nationalism defend hegemony of energy suppliers dominant discourse use concepts of sovereignty security as elements of manipulation to justify control current energy order preserved at the level of discourse perpetuates narrative natural resources as profit ways of communicating about energy perpetuate belief systems can be changed while sustaining existing social relations refer to free market ideology justifies less oversight public discourse on energy turn citizens into passive consumers freeing citizens means replacing passive consumers with active citizens the energy system can be used to control individuals a means of power inscribed in regimes of truth individual values and beliefs take on political meaning behaviours subordinate to the system inscribed in bio-power The more bureaucratic the existing system is, more abstract and uncontrolled it is the internalised knowledge element of permanent control the state closes citizens within laws and regulations market lulls social vigilance neutralises involvement in public affairs the market colonise natural resources with impunity the state and market form tactical coalitions profit has become main criterion for assessing corporate policy oil companies are powerful actors which influence geopolitics


Question: energy policy hegemonic regimes

Adhering to hegemonic regimes of energy policy relevance erodes sustainable planning, crowds out democratic control of the energy sector, and locks in global ecological catastrophe. Endorsing counterhegemonic politics against the AFF’s “regime of truth” is a prerequisite for effective energy politics.

Żuk & Żuk 22 – Piotr Żuk, professor of sociology and president of the Institute for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Foundation at Wroclaw University; Pawel Żuk, assistant professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Policy and Faculty of Economics and Finance at Wroclaw University, February 2022, “Energy/power as a tool that disciplines and reproduces the energy order and as a critical-analytical perspective on energy policy,” Energy Policy, 161(112750), pp. 3-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112750, mcb

Energy is the main pillar of the nation-state political dimension of energy becomes visible in crises state administration is usually subordinated to logic of the capitalist system energy/power sets development goals global scale ; models are not neutral recreates forms of ownership using knowledge related to prevailing energy tech states , imposing rules making participants dependent Freeing would mean establishing mechanisms make it difficult to treat energy as capital diminish the importance of states State media corporations  reproduce ideas about directions of development with interests of energy stakeholders discourse on ecology and policy the work of models is t foreclos questions of reducing demand or adoption of efficiency measures discourses that shape public opinion promote economic nationalism defend hegemony of energy suppliers dominant discourse use concepts of sovereignty security as elements of manipulation to justify control current energy order preserved at the level of discourse perpetuates narrative natural resources as profit ways of communicating about energy perpetuate belief systems can be changed while sustaining existing social relations refer to free market ideology justifies less oversight public discourse on energy turn citizens into passive consumers freeing citizens means replacing passive consumers with active citizens the energy system can be used to control individuals a means of power inscribed in regimes of truth individual values and beliefs take on political meaning behaviours subordinate to the system inscribed in bio-power The more bureaucratic the existing system is, more abstract and uncontrolled it is the internalised knowledge element of permanent control the state closes citizens within laws and regulations market lulls social vigilance neutralises involvement in public affairs the market colonise natural resources with impunity the state and market form tactical coalitions profit has become main criterion for assessing corporate policy oil companies are powerful actors which influence geopolitics


Question: energy order

Adhering to hegemonic regimes of energy policy relevance erodes sustainable planning, crowds out democratic control of the energy sector, and locks in global ecological catastrophe. Endorsing counterhegemonic politics against the AFF’s “regime of truth” is a prerequisite for effective energy politics.

Żuk & Żuk 22 – Piotr Żuk, professor of sociology and president of the Institute for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Foundation at Wroclaw University; Pawel Żuk, assistant professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Policy and Faculty of Economics and Finance at Wroclaw University, February 2022, “Energy/power as a tool that disciplines and reproduces the energy order and as a critical-analytical perspective on energy policy,” Energy Policy, 161(112750), pp. 3-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112750, mcb

Energy is the main pillar of the nation-state political dimension of energy becomes visible in crises state administration is usually subordinated to logic of the capitalist system energy/power sets development goals global scale ; models are not neutral recreates forms of ownership using knowledge related to prevailing energy tech states , imposing rules making participants dependent Freeing would mean establishing mechanisms make it difficult to treat energy as capital diminish the importance of states State media corporations  reproduce ideas about directions of development with interests of energy stakeholders discourse on ecology and policy the work of models is t foreclos questions of reducing demand or adoption of efficiency measures discourses that shape public opinion promote economic nationalism defend hegemony of energy suppliers dominant discourse use concepts of sovereignty security as elements of manipulation to justify control current energy order preserved at the level of discourse perpetuates narrative natural resources as profit ways of communicating about energy perpetuate belief systems can be changed while sustaining existing social relations refer to free market ideology justifies less oversight public discourse on energy turn citizens into passive consumers freeing citizens means replacing passive consumers with active citizens the energy system can be used to control individuals a means of power inscribed in regimes of truth individual values and beliefs take on political meaning behaviours subordinate to the system inscribed in bio-power The more bureaucratic the existing system is, more abstract and uncontrolled it is the internalised knowledge element of permanent control the state closes citizens within laws and regulations market lulls social vigilance neutralises involvement in public affairs the market colonise natural resources with impunity the state and market form tactical coalitions profit has become main criterion for assessing corporate policy oil companies are powerful actors which influence geopolitics


Question: Biden tie Harris to policies

Biden will  explicitly tie Harris to it.

Peter Lucas 24. Columnist at the Boston Herald. "Lucas: Kamala Harris’ biggest problem is being tied to Biden." Boston Herald. 8-19-2024. https://www.bostonherald.com/2024/08/19/lucas-kamala-harris-biggest-problem-is-being-tied-to-biden/

Harris’ problem tied to Biden’s economic policies distance is easier said than done , especially as Harris supported all of the policies the White House won’t let her off easy Biden expects Harris to stand by him distancing would a slick Obama to pull that off. And Harris is no Obama Jean-Pierre said there was “ no daylight Harris  has been an  integral architect and  executor of the Biden admin


Question: Peter Lucas Kamala Harris

Biden will  explicitly tie Harris to it.

Peter Lucas 24. Columnist at the Boston Herald. "Lucas: Kamala Harris’ biggest problem is being tied to Biden." Boston Herald. 8-19-2024. https://www.bostonherald.com/2024/08/19/lucas-kamala-harris-biggest-problem-is-being-tied-to-biden/

Harris’ problem tied to Biden’s economic policies distance is easier said than done , especially as Harris supported all of the policies the White House won’t let her off easy Biden expects Harris to stand by him distancing would a slick Obama to pull that off. And Harris is no Obama Jean-Pierre said there was “ no daylight Harris  has been an  integral architect and  executor of the Biden admin


Question: Kamala Harris' problem is Biden

Biden will  explicitly tie Harris to it.

Peter Lucas 24. Columnist at the Boston Herald. "Lucas: Kamala Harris’ biggest problem is being tied to Biden." Boston Herald. 8-19-2024. https://www.bostonherald.com/2024/08/19/lucas-kamala-harris-biggest-problem-is-being-tied-to-biden/

Harris’ problem tied to Biden’s economic policies distance is easier said than done , especially as Harris supported all of the policies the White House won’t let her off easy Biden expects Harris to stand by him distancing would a slick Obama to pull that off. And Harris is no Obama Jean-Pierre said there was “ no daylight Harris  has been an  integral architect and  executor of the Biden admin


Question: Harris integral architect Biden admin

Biden will  explicitly tie Harris to it.

Peter Lucas 24. Columnist at the Boston Herald. "Lucas: Kamala Harris’ biggest problem is being tied to Biden." Boston Herald. 8-19-2024. https://www.bostonherald.com/2024/08/19/lucas-kamala-harris-biggest-problem-is-being-tied-to-biden/

Harris’ problem tied to Biden’s economic policies distance is easier said than done , especially as Harris supported all of the policies the White House won’t let her off easy Biden expects Harris to stand by him distancing would a slick Obama to pull that off. And Harris is no Obama Jean-Pierre said there was “ no daylight Harris  has been an  integral architect and  executor of the Biden admin


Question: Biden expects Harris to stand by him

Biden will  explicitly tie Harris to it.

Peter Lucas 24. Columnist at the Boston Herald. "Lucas: Kamala Harris’ biggest problem is being tied to Biden." Boston Herald. 8-19-2024. https://www.bostonherald.com/2024/08/19/lucas-kamala-harris-biggest-problem-is-being-tied-to-biden/

Harris’ problem tied to Biden’s economic policies distance is easier said than done , especially as Harris supported all of the policies the White House won’t let her off easy Biden expects Harris to stand by him distancing would a slick Obama to pull that off. And Harris is no Obama Jean-Pierre said there was “ no daylight Harris  has been an  integral architect and  executor of the Biden admin


Question: Challenges vector existential risks

Those challenges vector existential risks---especially inequality, chemicals, pandemics and innovation

Oreskes et al 23 [Naomi Oreskes, Professor of the History of Science and Affiliated Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University, PhD Stanford University; and Erik Conway, historian of science and technology at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, PhD University of Minnesota; “The High Cost of the “Free” Market,” Chapter 15, and “Conclusion,” The Big Myth: How American Business Taught Us to Loathe Government and Love the Free Market, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2023, ISBN 978-1-63557-358-9, no page #s] *[language modifications in brackets]

steps to avoid disease not rely on the private sector by then too late in a pandemic Covid proves will be incapacitated by people who restrict government power Trump’s an acceleration But goes farther underreliance on government have cost dearly endocrine-disrupting chemicals have an array of adverse effects blaming “capitalism” hides that inequality driven by deregulation innovation Nearly all from the government the state with us for the future Dishonesty and denial explain how resilient despite critique forbid fraud but permit ad s to exaggerate guard rails rest with government isn’t any other to do it amid existential threats corporations committing to social and environmental responsibility perpetuates myths makes many resistant to any governmental response , even to an existential threat And argue to rely on unregulated markets Markets are tools silly to abandon but need Regulations tools protecting our survival


Question: Oreskes and Conway 23

Those challenges vector existential risks---especially inequality, chemicals, pandemics and innovation

Oreskes et al 23 [Naomi Oreskes, Professor of the History of Science and Affiliated Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University, PhD Stanford University; and Erik Conway, historian of science and technology at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, PhD University of Minnesota; “The High Cost of the “Free” Market,” Chapter 15, and “Conclusion,” The Big Myth: How American Business Taught Us to Loathe Government and Love the Free Market, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2023, ISBN 978-1-63557-358-9, no page #s] *[language modifications in brackets]

steps to avoid disease not rely on the private sector by then too late in a pandemic Covid proves will be incapacitated by people who restrict government power Trump’s an acceleration But goes farther underreliance on government have cost dearly endocrine-disrupting chemicals have an array of adverse effects blaming “capitalism” hides that inequality driven by deregulation innovation Nearly all from the government the state with us for the future Dishonesty and denial explain how resilient despite critique forbid fraud but permit ad s to exaggerate guard rails rest with government isn’t any other to do it amid existential threats corporations committing to social and environmental responsibility perpetuates myths makes many resistant to any governmental response , even to an existential threat And argue to rely on unregulated markets Markets are tools silly to abandon but need Regulations tools protecting our survival


Question: Oreskes Harvard

Those challenges vector existential risks---especially inequality, chemicals, pandemics and innovation

Oreskes et al 23 [Naomi Oreskes, Professor of the History of Science and Affiliated Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University, PhD Stanford University; and Erik Conway, historian of science and technology at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, PhD University of Minnesota; “The High Cost of the “Free” Market,” Chapter 15, and “Conclusion,” The Big Myth: How American Business Taught Us to Loathe Government and Love the Free Market, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2023, ISBN 978-1-63557-358-9, no page #s] *[language modifications in brackets]

steps to avoid disease not rely on the private sector by then too late in a pandemic Covid proves will be incapacitated by people who restrict government power Trump’s an acceleration But goes farther underreliance on government have cost dearly endocrine-disrupting chemicals have an array of adverse effects blaming “capitalism” hides that inequality driven by deregulation innovation Nearly all from the government the state with us for the future Dishonesty and denial explain how resilient despite critique forbid fraud but permit ad s to exaggerate guard rails rest with government isn’t any other to do it amid existential threats corporations committing to social and environmental responsibility perpetuates myths makes many resistant to any governmental response , even to an existential threat And argue to rely on unregulated markets Markets are tools silly to abandon but need Regulations tools protecting our survival


Question: existential risk from free market

Those challenges vector existential risks---especially inequality, chemicals, pandemics and innovation

Oreskes et al 23 [Naomi Oreskes, Professor of the History of Science and Affiliated Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University, PhD Stanford University; and Erik Conway, historian of science and technology at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, PhD University of Minnesota; “The High Cost of the “Free” Market,” Chapter 15, and “Conclusion,” The Big Myth: How American Business Taught Us to Loathe Government and Love the Free Market, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2023, ISBN 978-1-63557-358-9, no page #s] *[language modifications in brackets]

steps to avoid disease not rely on the private sector by then too late in a pandemic Covid proves will be incapacitated by people who restrict government power Trump’s an acceleration But goes farther underreliance on government have cost dearly endocrine-disrupting chemicals have an array of adverse effects blaming “capitalism” hides that inequality driven by deregulation innovation Nearly all from the government the state with us for the future Dishonesty and denial explain how resilient despite critique forbid fraud but permit ad s to exaggerate guard rails rest with government isn’t any other to do it amid existential threats corporations committing to social and environmental responsibility perpetuates myths makes many resistant to any governmental response , even to an existential threat And argue to rely on unregulated markets Markets are tools silly to abandon but need Regulations tools protecting our survival


Question: government regulation protects from existential threats

Those challenges vector existential risks---especially inequality, chemicals, pandemics and innovation

Oreskes et al 23 [Naomi Oreskes, Professor of the History of Science and Affiliated Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University, PhD Stanford University; and Erik Conway, historian of science and technology at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, PhD University of Minnesota; “The High Cost of the “Free” Market,” Chapter 15, and “Conclusion,” The Big Myth: How American Business Taught Us to Loathe Government and Love the Free Market, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2023, ISBN 978-1-63557-358-9, no page #s] *[language modifications in brackets]

steps to avoid disease not rely on the private sector by then too late in a pandemic Covid proves will be incapacitated by people who restrict government power Trump’s an acceleration But goes farther underreliance on government have cost dearly endocrine-disrupting chemicals have an array of adverse effects blaming “capitalism” hides that inequality driven by deregulation innovation Nearly all from the government the state with us for the future Dishonesty and denial explain how resilient despite critique forbid fraud but permit ad s to exaggerate guard rails rest with government isn’t any other to do it amid existential threats corporations committing to social and environmental responsibility perpetuates myths makes many resistant to any governmental response , even to an existential threat And argue to rely on unregulated markets Markets are tools silly to abandon but need Regulations tools protecting our survival


Question: inequality driven by deregulation

Those challenges vector existential risks---especially inequality, chemicals, pandemics and innovation

Oreskes et al 23 [Naomi Oreskes, Professor of the History of Science and Affiliated Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University, PhD Stanford University; and Erik Conway, historian of science and technology at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, PhD University of Minnesota; “The High Cost of the “Free” Market,” Chapter 15, and “Conclusion,” The Big Myth: How American Business Taught Us to Loathe Government and Love the Free Market, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2023, ISBN 978-1-63557-358-9, no page #s] *[language modifications in brackets]

steps to avoid disease not rely on the private sector by then too late in a pandemic Covid proves will be incapacitated by people who restrict government power Trump’s an acceleration But goes farther underreliance on government have cost dearly endocrine-disrupting chemicals have an array of adverse effects blaming “capitalism” hides that inequality driven by deregulation innovation Nearly all from the government the state with us for the future Dishonesty and denial explain how resilient despite critique forbid fraud but permit ad s to exaggerate guard rails rest with government isn’t any other to do it amid existential threats corporations committing to social and environmental responsibility perpetuates myths makes many resistant to any governmental response , even to an existential threat And argue to rely on unregulated markets Markets are tools silly to abandon but need Regulations tools protecting our survival


Question: innovation from government

Those challenges vector existential risks---especially inequality, chemicals, pandemics and innovation

Oreskes et al 23 [Naomi Oreskes, Professor of the History of Science and Affiliated Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University, PhD Stanford University; and Erik Conway, historian of science and technology at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, PhD University of Minnesota; “The High Cost of the “Free” Market,” Chapter 15, and “Conclusion,” The Big Myth: How American Business Taught Us to Loathe Government and Love the Free Market, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2023, ISBN 978-1-63557-358-9, no page #s] *[language modifications in brackets]

steps to avoid disease not rely on the private sector by then too late in a pandemic Covid proves will be incapacitated by people who restrict government power Trump’s an acceleration But goes farther underreliance on government have cost dearly endocrine-disrupting chemicals have an array of adverse effects blaming “capitalism” hides that inequality driven by deregulation innovation Nearly all from the government the state with us for the future Dishonesty and denial explain how resilient despite critique forbid fraud but permit ad s to exaggerate guard rails rest with government isn’t any other to do it amid existential threats corporations committing to social and environmental responsibility perpetuates myths makes many resistant to any governmental response , even to an existential threat And argue to rely on unregulated markets Markets are tools silly to abandon but need Regulations tools protecting our survival


Question: Global renewables are up now

Global renewables are up now

IEA 24 – an autonomous intergovernmental organization that provides the world’s leading information on energy.

Renewables are growing rapidly to outpace demand growth clean energy should reduce fossil fuels to account for half the world’s electricity generation by 2026 overtaking coal thanks to huge momentum with cheap solar these are very promising trends renewables push emissions into structural decline


Question: IEA 24

Global renewables are up now

IEA 24 – an autonomous intergovernmental organization that provides the world’s leading information on energy.

Renewables are growing rapidly to outpace demand growth clean energy should reduce fossil fuels to account for half the world’s electricity generation by 2026 overtaking coal thanks to huge momentum with cheap solar these are very promising trends renewables push emissions into structural decline


Question: Renewables growing rapidly

Global renewables are up now

IEA 24 – an autonomous intergovernmental organization that provides the world’s leading information on energy.

Renewables are growing rapidly to outpace demand growth clean energy should reduce fossil fuels to account for half the world’s electricity generation by 2026 overtaking coal thanks to huge momentum with cheap solar these are very promising trends renewables push emissions into structural decline


Question: clean energy should reduce fossil fuels

Global renewables are up now

IEA 24 – an autonomous intergovernmental organization that provides the world’s leading information on energy.

Renewables are growing rapidly to outpace demand growth clean energy should reduce fossil fuels to account for half the world’s electricity generation by 2026 overtaking coal thanks to huge momentum with cheap solar these are very promising trends renewables push emissions into structural decline


Question: cheap solar

Global renewables are up now

IEA 24 – an autonomous intergovernmental organization that provides the world’s leading information on energy.

Renewables are growing rapidly to outpace demand growth clean energy should reduce fossil fuels to account for half the world’s electricity generation by 2026 overtaking coal thanks to huge momentum with cheap solar these are very promising trends renewables push emissions into structural decline


Question: renewables push emissions decline

Global renewables are up now

IEA 24 – an autonomous intergovernmental organization that provides the world’s leading information on energy.

Renewables are growing rapidly to outpace demand growth clean energy should reduce fossil fuels to account for half the world’s electricity generation by 2026 overtaking coal thanks to huge momentum with cheap solar these are very promising trends renewables push emissions into structural decline


Question: renewables momentum

Global renewables are up now

IEA 24 – an autonomous intergovernmental organization that provides the world’s leading information on energy.

Renewables are growing rapidly to outpace demand growth clean energy should reduce fossil fuels to account for half the world’s electricity generation by 2026 overtaking coal thanks to huge momentum with cheap solar these are very promising trends renewables push emissions into structural decline


Question: renewables outpace demand

Global renewables are up now

IEA 24 – an autonomous intergovernmental organization that provides the world’s leading information on energy.

Renewables are growing rapidly to outpace demand growth clean energy should reduce fossil fuels to account for half the world’s electricity generation by 2026 overtaking coal thanks to huge momentum with cheap solar these are very promising trends renewables push emissions into structural decline


Question: Public trust solves extinction

Public trust solves extinction.

Deslatte ’20 [Aaron Deslatte; associate professor at Indiana University, researching the role public managers play in enhancing economic, environmental and social sustainability; 7-13-2020; Sage Journals; "The Erosion of Trust During a Global Pandemic and How Public Administrators Should Counter It"; https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0275074020941676; PT]

COVID exposed weaknesses citizens have been poorly served by public officials with career incentives to avoid risks must advance a equity-based assessment administrators are the planners on the front lines of future existential crises For the sake democracy public administrators need to regain the people’s trust Problems with organizing a response fueled sweeping judgments of responding to existential challenges social capital We will need it more than ever in coming years


Question: Deslatte 20

Public trust solves extinction.

Deslatte ’20 [Aaron Deslatte; associate professor at Indiana University, researching the role public managers play in enhancing economic, environmental and social sustainability; 7-13-2020; Sage Journals; "The Erosion of Trust During a Global Pandemic and How Public Administrators Should Counter It"; https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0275074020941676; PT]

COVID exposed weaknesses citizens have been poorly served by public officials with career incentives to avoid risks must advance a equity-based assessment administrators are the planners on the front lines of future existential crises For the sake democracy public administrators need to regain the people’s trust Problems with organizing a response fueled sweeping judgments of responding to existential challenges social capital We will need it more than ever in coming years


Question: erosion of trust

Public trust solves extinction.

Deslatte ’20 [Aaron Deslatte; associate professor at Indiana University, researching the role public managers play in enhancing economic, environmental and social sustainability; 7-13-2020; Sage Journals; "The Erosion of Trust During a Global Pandemic and How Public Administrators Should Counter It"; https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0275074020941676; PT]

COVID exposed weaknesses citizens have been poorly served by public officials with career incentives to avoid risks must advance a equity-based assessment administrators are the planners on the front lines of future existential crises For the sake democracy public administrators need to regain the people’s trust Problems with organizing a response fueled sweeping judgments of responding to existential challenges social capital We will need it more than ever in coming years


Question: public administrators regain trust

Public trust solves extinction.

Deslatte ’20 [Aaron Deslatte; associate professor at Indiana University, researching the role public managers play in enhancing economic, environmental and social sustainability; 7-13-2020; Sage Journals; "The Erosion of Trust During a Global Pandemic and How Public Administrators Should Counter It"; https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0275074020941676; PT]

COVID exposed weaknesses citizens have been poorly served by public officials with career incentives to avoid risks must advance a equity-based assessment administrators are the planners on the front lines of future existential crises For the sake democracy public administrators need to regain the people’s trust Problems with organizing a response fueled sweeping judgments of responding to existential challenges social capital We will need it more than ever in coming years


Question: equity-based assessment

Public trust solves extinction.

Deslatte ’20 [Aaron Deslatte; associate professor at Indiana University, researching the role public managers play in enhancing economic, environmental and social sustainability; 7-13-2020; Sage Journals; "The Erosion of Trust During a Global Pandemic and How Public Administrators Should Counter It"; https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0275074020941676; PT]

COVID exposed weaknesses citizens have been poorly served by public officials with career incentives to avoid risks must advance a equity-based assessment administrators are the planners on the front lines of future existential crises For the sake democracy public administrators need to regain the people’s trust Problems with organizing a response fueled sweeping judgments of responding to existential challenges social capital We will need it more than ever in coming years


Question: existential crisis social capital

Public trust solves extinction.

Deslatte ’20 [Aaron Deslatte; associate professor at Indiana University, researching the role public managers play in enhancing economic, environmental and social sustainability; 7-13-2020; Sage Journals; "The Erosion of Trust During a Global Pandemic and How Public Administrators Should Counter It"; https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0275074020941676; PT]

COVID exposed weaknesses citizens have been poorly served by public officials with career incentives to avoid risks must advance a equity-based assessment administrators are the planners on the front lines of future existential crises For the sake democracy public administrators need to regain the people’s trust Problems with organizing a response fueled sweeping judgments of responding to existential challenges social capital We will need it more than ever in coming years


Question: Policy irrelevant for swing voters

POLICY is irrelevant for swing voters.

Israel 9-9, former Representative from New York and former Chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (Steve Israel, September 9, 2024, “Will the presidential debate matter? Probably not.” The Hill, https://thehill.com/opinion/campaign/4867732-will-the-presidential-debate-matter-probably-not/)

partisans won’t decide this election. It’s moderate s who are tuned out and spread across battleground states These voters will not watch Trump and Harris battle tax policy . Some tune in ; some view it through clips across social media we focus far more on rhetoric than policies


Question: Israel 9-9

POLICY is irrelevant for swing voters.

Israel 9-9, former Representative from New York and former Chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (Steve Israel, September 9, 2024, “Will the presidential debate matter? Probably not.” The Hill, https://thehill.com/opinion/campaign/4867732-will-the-presidential-debate-matter-probably-not/)

partisans won’t decide this election. It’s moderate s who are tuned out and spread across battleground states These voters will not watch Trump and Harris battle tax policy . Some tune in ; some view it through clips across social media we focus far more on rhetoric than policies


Question: Steve Israel on presidential debates

POLICY is irrelevant for swing voters.

Israel 9-9, former Representative from New York and former Chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (Steve Israel, September 9, 2024, “Will the presidential debate matter? Probably not.” The Hill, https://thehill.com/opinion/campaign/4867732-will-the-presidential-debate-matter-probably-not/)

partisans won’t decide this election. It’s moderate s who are tuned out and spread across battleground states These voters will not watch Trump and Harris battle tax policy . Some tune in ; some view it through clips across social media we focus far more on rhetoric than policies


Question: moderate voters tuned out

POLICY is irrelevant for swing voters.

Israel 9-9, former Representative from New York and former Chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (Steve Israel, September 9, 2024, “Will the presidential debate matter? Probably not.” The Hill, https://thehill.com/opinion/campaign/4867732-will-the-presidential-debate-matter-probably-not/)

partisans won’t decide this election. It’s moderate s who are tuned out and spread across battleground states These voters will not watch Trump and Harris battle tax policy . Some tune in ; some view it through clips across social media we focus far more on rhetoric than policies


Question: voters don't watch tax policy

POLICY is irrelevant for swing voters.

Israel 9-9, former Representative from New York and former Chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (Steve Israel, September 9, 2024, “Will the presidential debate matter? Probably not.” The Hill, https://thehill.com/opinion/campaign/4867732-will-the-presidential-debate-matter-probably-not/)

partisans won’t decide this election. It’s moderate s who are tuned out and spread across battleground states These voters will not watch Trump and Harris battle tax policy . Some tune in ; some view it through clips across social media we focus far more on rhetoric than policies


Question: rhetoric over policies

POLICY is irrelevant for swing voters.

Israel 9-9, former Representative from New York and former Chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (Steve Israel, September 9, 2024, “Will the presidential debate matter? Probably not.” The Hill, https://thehill.com/opinion/campaign/4867732-will-the-presidential-debate-matter-probably-not/)

partisans won’t decide this election. It’s moderate s who are tuned out and spread across battleground states These voters will not watch Trump and Harris battle tax policy . Some tune in ; some view it through clips across social media we focus far more on rhetoric than policies


Question: battleground states voters

POLICY is irrelevant for swing voters.

Israel 9-9, former Representative from New York and former Chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (Steve Israel, September 9, 2024, “Will the presidential debate matter? Probably not.” The Hill, https://thehill.com/opinion/campaign/4867732-will-the-presidential-debate-matter-probably-not/)

partisans won’t decide this election. It’s moderate s who are tuned out and spread across battleground states These voters will not watch Trump and Harris battle tax policy . Some tune in ; some view it through clips across social media we focus far more on rhetoric than policies


Question: No African instability OR US draw-in

No African instability OR US draw-in

Christopher J. Fettweis 20, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University, 6/3/2020, "Delusions of Danger: Geopolitical Fear and Indispensability in U.S. Foreign Policy", A Dangerous World? Threat Perception and U.S. National Security, https://www.cato.org/publications/publications/delusions-danger-geopolitical-fear-indispensability-us-foreign-policy

The U S can be counted on after Iraq, to steer clear of mos t civil wars and ethnic conflicts . violence in Africa would be unlikely to attract serious attention much less intervention . The continent is, nevertheless , more peaceful today than at any other time


Question: Christopher J. Fettweis 2020

No African instability OR US draw-in

Christopher J. Fettweis 20, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University, 6/3/2020, "Delusions of Danger: Geopolitical Fear and Indispensability in U.S. Foreign Policy", A Dangerous World? Threat Perception and U.S. National Security, https://www.cato.org/publications/publications/delusions-danger-geopolitical-fear-indispensability-us-foreign-policy

The U S can be counted on after Iraq, to steer clear of mos t civil wars and ethnic conflicts . violence in Africa would be unlikely to attract serious attention much less intervention . The continent is, nevertheless , more peaceful today than at any other time


Question: US avoids civil wars

No African instability OR US draw-in

Christopher J. Fettweis 20, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University, 6/3/2020, "Delusions of Danger: Geopolitical Fear and Indispensability in U.S. Foreign Policy", A Dangerous World? Threat Perception and U.S. National Security, https://www.cato.org/publications/publications/delusions-danger-geopolitical-fear-indispensability-us-foreign-policy

The U S can be counted on after Iraq, to steer clear of mos t civil wars and ethnic conflicts . violence in Africa would be unlikely to attract serious attention much less intervention . The continent is, nevertheless , more peaceful today than at any other time


Question: violence in Africa

No African instability OR US draw-in

Christopher J. Fettweis 20, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University, 6/3/2020, "Delusions of Danger: Geopolitical Fear and Indispensability in U.S. Foreign Policy", A Dangerous World? Threat Perception and U.S. National Security, https://www.cato.org/publications/publications/delusions-danger-geopolitical-fear-indispensability-us-foreign-policy

The U S can be counted on after Iraq, to steer clear of mos t civil wars and ethnic conflicts . violence in Africa would be unlikely to attract serious attention much less intervention . The continent is, nevertheless , more peaceful today than at any other time


Question: Africa more peaceful

No African instability OR US draw-in

Christopher J. Fettweis 20, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University, 6/3/2020, "Delusions of Danger: Geopolitical Fear and Indispensability in U.S. Foreign Policy", A Dangerous World? Threat Perception and U.S. National Security, https://www.cato.org/publications/publications/delusions-danger-geopolitical-fear-indispensability-us-foreign-policy

The U S can be counted on after Iraq, to steer clear of mos t civil wars and ethnic conflicts . violence in Africa would be unlikely to attract serious attention much less intervention . The continent is, nevertheless , more peaceful today than at any other time


Question: US foreign policy Africa

No African instability OR US draw-in

Christopher J. Fettweis 20, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University, 6/3/2020, "Delusions of Danger: Geopolitical Fear and Indispensability in U.S. Foreign Policy", A Dangerous World? Threat Perception and U.S. National Security, https://www.cato.org/publications/publications/delusions-danger-geopolitical-fear-indispensability-us-foreign-policy

The U S can be counted on after Iraq, to steer clear of mos t civil wars and ethnic conflicts . violence in Africa would be unlikely to attract serious attention much less intervention . The continent is, nevertheless , more peaceful today than at any other time


Question: no US intervention Africa

No African instability OR US draw-in

Christopher J. Fettweis 20, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University, 6/3/2020, "Delusions of Danger: Geopolitical Fear and Indispensability in U.S. Foreign Policy", A Dangerous World? Threat Perception and U.S. National Security, https://www.cato.org/publications/publications/delusions-danger-geopolitical-fear-indispensability-us-foreign-policy

The U S can be counted on after Iraq, to steer clear of mos t civil wars and ethnic conflicts . violence in Africa would be unlikely to attract serious attention much less intervention . The continent is, nevertheless , more peaceful today than at any other time