Question: no transition to degrowth

1. No transition: Financial crises in particular lead to right-wing populism, NOT de-growth. Reject any ev about generic downturns. AND, 2008 disproves.

Manuel Funke and Christoph Trebesch 17, both work at the Institute for the World Economy, “Financial Crises and the Populist Right,” ifo DICE Report, December 2017, https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/dice-report-2017-4-funke-trebesch-december.pdf

financial crises have been a catalyst of rightwing populist politics in Italy Germany Norwegian or Finn’s Party Why do financial crises lead to extremist politics ,  whereas other downturns do not? financial crises are perceived as inexcusable failure of policies rather than an external shock . This leads to distrust in politics financial crises trigger inequality to levels not in normal recessions . often involve bailouts  and these are controversial  and give traction  to extremist ideas In this environment right-wing populists gain votes by attributing blame to minorities or foreigners


Question: Funke and Trebesch 17

1. No transition: Financial crises in particular lead to right-wing populism, NOT de-growth. Reject any ev about generic downturns. AND, 2008 disproves.

Manuel Funke and Christoph Trebesch 17, both work at the Institute for the World Economy, “Financial Crises and the Populist Right,” ifo DICE Report, December 2017, https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/dice-report-2017-4-funke-trebesch-december.pdf

financial crises have been a catalyst of rightwing populist politics in Italy Germany Norwegian or Finn’s Party Why do financial crises lead to extremist politics ,  whereas other downturns do not? financial crises are perceived as inexcusable failure of policies rather than an external shock . This leads to distrust in politics financial crises trigger inequality to levels not in normal recessions . often involve bailouts  and these are controversial  and give traction  to extremist ideas In this environment right-wing populists gain votes by attributing blame to minorities or foreigners


Question: financial crises populism

1. No transition: Financial crises in particular lead to right-wing populism, NOT de-growth. Reject any ev about generic downturns. AND, 2008 disproves.

Manuel Funke and Christoph Trebesch 17, both work at the Institute for the World Economy, “Financial Crises and the Populist Right,” ifo DICE Report, December 2017, https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/dice-report-2017-4-funke-trebesch-december.pdf

financial crises have been a catalyst of rightwing populist politics in Italy Germany Norwegian or Finn’s Party Why do financial crises lead to extremist politics ,  whereas other downturns do not? financial crises are perceived as inexcusable failure of policies rather than an external shock . This leads to distrust in politics financial crises trigger inequality to levels not in normal recessions . often involve bailouts  and these are controversial  and give traction  to extremist ideas In this environment right-wing populists gain votes by attributing blame to minorities or foreigners


Question: right-wing populism

1. No transition: Financial crises in particular lead to right-wing populism, NOT de-growth. Reject any ev about generic downturns. AND, 2008 disproves.

Manuel Funke and Christoph Trebesch 17, both work at the Institute for the World Economy, “Financial Crises and the Populist Right,” ifo DICE Report, December 2017, https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/dice-report-2017-4-funke-trebesch-december.pdf

financial crises have been a catalyst of rightwing populist politics in Italy Germany Norwegian or Finn’s Party Why do financial crises lead to extremist politics ,  whereas other downturns do not? financial crises are perceived as inexcusable failure of policies rather than an external shock . This leads to distrust in politics financial crises trigger inequality to levels not in normal recessions . often involve bailouts  and these are controversial  and give traction  to extremist ideas In this environment right-wing populists gain votes by attributing blame to minorities or foreigners


Question: 2008 disproves degrowth

1. No transition: Financial crises in particular lead to right-wing populism, NOT de-growth. Reject any ev about generic downturns. AND, 2008 disproves.

Manuel Funke and Christoph Trebesch 17, both work at the Institute for the World Economy, “Financial Crises and the Populist Right,” ifo DICE Report, December 2017, https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/dice-report-2017-4-funke-trebesch-december.pdf

financial crises have been a catalyst of rightwing populist politics in Italy Germany Norwegian or Finn’s Party Why do financial crises lead to extremist politics ,  whereas other downturns do not? financial crises are perceived as inexcusable failure of policies rather than an external shock . This leads to distrust in politics financial crises trigger inequality to levels not in normal recessions . often involve bailouts  and these are controversial  and give traction  to extremist ideas In this environment right-wing populists gain votes by attributing blame to minorities or foreigners


Question: financial crises trigger inequality

1. No transition: Financial crises in particular lead to right-wing populism, NOT de-growth. Reject any ev about generic downturns. AND, 2008 disproves.

Manuel Funke and Christoph Trebesch 17, both work at the Institute for the World Economy, “Financial Crises and the Populist Right,” ifo DICE Report, December 2017, https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/dice-report-2017-4-funke-trebesch-december.pdf

financial crises have been a catalyst of rightwing populist politics in Italy Germany Norwegian or Finn’s Party Why do financial crises lead to extremist politics ,  whereas other downturns do not? financial crises are perceived as inexcusable failure of policies rather than an external shock . This leads to distrust in politics financial crises trigger inequality to levels not in normal recessions . often involve bailouts  and these are controversial  and give traction  to extremist ideas In this environment right-wing populists gain votes by attributing blame to minorities or foreigners


Question: financial crises right wing politics

1. No transition: Financial crises in particular lead to right-wing populism, NOT de-growth. Reject any ev about generic downturns. AND, 2008 disproves.

Manuel Funke and Christoph Trebesch 17, both work at the Institute for the World Economy, “Financial Crises and the Populist Right,” ifo DICE Report, December 2017, https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/dice-report-2017-4-funke-trebesch-december.pdf

financial crises have been a catalyst of rightwing populist politics in Italy Germany Norwegian or Finn’s Party Why do financial crises lead to extremist politics ,  whereas other downturns do not? financial crises are perceived as inexcusable failure of policies rather than an external shock . This leads to distrust in politics financial crises trigger inequality to levels not in normal recessions . often involve bailouts  and these are controversial  and give traction  to extremist ideas In this environment right-wing populists gain votes by attributing blame to minorities or foreigners


Question: no stranded assets

No chance of stranded assets. Banks have sufficient buffers to cushion losses.

Skinner 21, Assistant Professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, J.D. from Yale Law School (Christina Parajon Skinner, 2021, “Central Banks and Climate Change,” Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 74, No. 5, University of Kansas Libraries, Hein Online) [[Footnotes]]

stranded asset seems remote banks have few incentives (let alone approvals from risk committees) to securitize coal it seems given growing consensus away from carbon assets, demand will be small Banks are more incentivized than before 08 to conduct due diligence reforms require banks to retain a first-loss piece of any bond they sell forces banks to keep skin in the game banks not hold sufficient carbon assets to threaten solvency the amount of capital to absorb losses is quadruple exposure at all these in 2020 oil prices fell below zero dollars solvency did not come into question even significant climate shocks cannot drastically impair asset quality I do not think even extraordinary economic conditions have much impact on war the U S has suffered 40 recessions yet fought 20 wars unrelated to the economy if recessions cause war they would have predicted nine of the last five states do not start wars unless they believe they will win a cheap victory the motivation for wars is security not economic gain Economic conditions are one factor among many and rarely the most significant


Question: banks have buffers

No chance of stranded assets. Banks have sufficient buffers to cushion losses.

Skinner 21, Assistant Professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, J.D. from Yale Law School (Christina Parajon Skinner, 2021, “Central Banks and Climate Change,” Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 74, No. 5, University of Kansas Libraries, Hein Online) [[Footnotes]]

stranded asset seems remote banks have few incentives (let alone approvals from risk committees) to securitize coal it seems given growing consensus away from carbon assets, demand will be small Banks are more incentivized than before 08 to conduct due diligence reforms require banks to retain a first-loss piece of any bond they sell forces banks to keep skin in the game banks not hold sufficient carbon assets to threaten solvency the amount of capital to absorb losses is quadruple exposure at all these in 2020 oil prices fell below zero dollars solvency did not come into question even significant climate shocks cannot drastically impair asset quality I do not think even extraordinary economic conditions have much impact on war the U S has suffered 40 recessions yet fought 20 wars unrelated to the economy if recessions cause war they would have predicted nine of the last five states do not start wars unless they believe they will win a cheap victory the motivation for wars is security not economic gain Economic conditions are one factor among many and rarely the most significant


Question: Skinner 21

No chance of stranded assets. Banks have sufficient buffers to cushion losses.

Skinner 21, Assistant Professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, J.D. from Yale Law School (Christina Parajon Skinner, 2021, “Central Banks and Climate Change,” Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 74, No. 5, University of Kansas Libraries, Hein Online) [[Footnotes]]

stranded asset seems remote banks have few incentives (let alone approvals from risk committees) to securitize coal it seems given growing consensus away from carbon assets, demand will be small Banks are more incentivized than before 08 to conduct due diligence reforms require banks to retain a first-loss piece of any bond they sell forces banks to keep skin in the game banks not hold sufficient carbon assets to threaten solvency the amount of capital to absorb losses is quadruple exposure at all these in 2020 oil prices fell below zero dollars solvency did not come into question even significant climate shocks cannot drastically impair asset quality I do not think even extraordinary economic conditions have much impact on war the U S has suffered 40 recessions yet fought 20 wars unrelated to the economy if recessions cause war they would have predicted nine of the last five states do not start wars unless they believe they will win a cheap victory the motivation for wars is security not economic gain Economic conditions are one factor among many and rarely the most significant


Question: banks can cushion losses

No chance of stranded assets. Banks have sufficient buffers to cushion losses.

Skinner 21, Assistant Professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, J.D. from Yale Law School (Christina Parajon Skinner, 2021, “Central Banks and Climate Change,” Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 74, No. 5, University of Kansas Libraries, Hein Online) [[Footnotes]]

stranded asset seems remote banks have few incentives (let alone approvals from risk committees) to securitize coal it seems given growing consensus away from carbon assets, demand will be small Banks are more incentivized than before 08 to conduct due diligence reforms require banks to retain a first-loss piece of any bond they sell forces banks to keep skin in the game banks not hold sufficient carbon assets to threaten solvency the amount of capital to absorb losses is quadruple exposure at all these in 2020 oil prices fell below zero dollars solvency did not come into question even significant climate shocks cannot drastically impair asset quality I do not think even extraordinary economic conditions have much impact on war the U S has suffered 40 recessions yet fought 20 wars unrelated to the economy if recessions cause war they would have predicted nine of the last five states do not start wars unless they believe they will win a cheap victory the motivation for wars is security not economic gain Economic conditions are one factor among many and rarely the most significant


Question: banks incentivize due diligence

No chance of stranded assets. Banks have sufficient buffers to cushion losses.

Skinner 21, Assistant Professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, J.D. from Yale Law School (Christina Parajon Skinner, 2021, “Central Banks and Climate Change,” Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 74, No. 5, University of Kansas Libraries, Hein Online) [[Footnotes]]

stranded asset seems remote banks have few incentives (let alone approvals from risk committees) to securitize coal it seems given growing consensus away from carbon assets, demand will be small Banks are more incentivized than before 08 to conduct due diligence reforms require banks to retain a first-loss piece of any bond they sell forces banks to keep skin in the game banks not hold sufficient carbon assets to threaten solvency the amount of capital to absorb losses is quadruple exposure at all these in 2020 oil prices fell below zero dollars solvency did not come into question even significant climate shocks cannot drastically impair asset quality I do not think even extraordinary economic conditions have much impact on war the U S has suffered 40 recessions yet fought 20 wars unrelated to the economy if recessions cause war they would have predicted nine of the last five states do not start wars unless they believe they will win a cheap victory the motivation for wars is security not economic gain Economic conditions are one factor among many and rarely the most significant


Question: banks not hold sufficient carbon assets

No chance of stranded assets. Banks have sufficient buffers to cushion losses.

Skinner 21, Assistant Professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, J.D. from Yale Law School (Christina Parajon Skinner, 2021, “Central Banks and Climate Change,” Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 74, No. 5, University of Kansas Libraries, Hein Online) [[Footnotes]]

stranded asset seems remote banks have few incentives (let alone approvals from risk committees) to securitize coal it seems given growing consensus away from carbon assets, demand will be small Banks are more incentivized than before 08 to conduct due diligence reforms require banks to retain a first-loss piece of any bond they sell forces banks to keep skin in the game banks not hold sufficient carbon assets to threaten solvency the amount of capital to absorb losses is quadruple exposure at all these in 2020 oil prices fell below zero dollars solvency did not come into question even significant climate shocks cannot drastically impair asset quality I do not think even extraordinary economic conditions have much impact on war the U S has suffered 40 recessions yet fought 20 wars unrelated to the economy if recessions cause war they would have predicted nine of the last five states do not start wars unless they believe they will win a cheap victory the motivation for wars is security not economic gain Economic conditions are one factor among many and rarely the most significant


Question: Carbon pricing spurs innovation

Carbon pricing is key to spur widespread innovation in renewable technology.

Sijeong Lim & Aseem Prakash 23. Associate Professor of International Studies at Korea University. Walker Family Professor for the Arts and Sciences, and a professor of political science at the University of Washington, Seattle. “The Innovation-Inducing Effects of Carbon Pricing.” 6/24/23. https://www.theregreview.org/2023/07/24/lim-prakash-the-innovation-inducing-effects-of-carbon-pricing/

promoting innovation through spending is not sustainable .  C arbon pricing generate revenue. provide incentives fo r r and d command-and-control create barriers to entry carbon pricing increases input costs, firms have incentives to innovate to offset pricing associated with increase of five patents per million in long run border taxes penalize imports innovation-inducing effect robust enough to offset leakages mitigation creates global public good carbon-intensive industries pay higher taxes for nation as a whole to b enefit


Question: lim and prakash

Carbon pricing is key to spur widespread innovation in renewable technology.

Sijeong Lim & Aseem Prakash 23. Associate Professor of International Studies at Korea University. Walker Family Professor for the Arts and Sciences, and a professor of political science at the University of Washington, Seattle. “The Innovation-Inducing Effects of Carbon Pricing.” 6/24/23. https://www.theregreview.org/2023/07/24/lim-prakash-the-innovation-inducing-effects-of-carbon-pricing/

promoting innovation through spending is not sustainable .  C arbon pricing generate revenue. provide incentives fo r r and d command-and-control create barriers to entry carbon pricing increases input costs, firms have incentives to innovate to offset pricing associated with increase of five patents per million in long run border taxes penalize imports innovation-inducing effect robust enough to offset leakages mitigation creates global public good carbon-intensive industries pay higher taxes for nation as a whole to b enefit


Question: Sijeong Lim

Carbon pricing is key to spur widespread innovation in renewable technology.

Sijeong Lim & Aseem Prakash 23. Associate Professor of International Studies at Korea University. Walker Family Professor for the Arts and Sciences, and a professor of political science at the University of Washington, Seattle. “The Innovation-Inducing Effects of Carbon Pricing.” 6/24/23. https://www.theregreview.org/2023/07/24/lim-prakash-the-innovation-inducing-effects-of-carbon-pricing/

promoting innovation through spending is not sustainable .  C arbon pricing generate revenue. provide incentives fo r r and d command-and-control create barriers to entry carbon pricing increases input costs, firms have incentives to innovate to offset pricing associated with increase of five patents per million in long run border taxes penalize imports innovation-inducing effect robust enough to offset leakages mitigation creates global public good carbon-intensive industries pay higher taxes for nation as a whole to b enefit


Question: carbon pricing key to innovation

Carbon pricing is key to spur widespread innovation in renewable technology.

Sijeong Lim & Aseem Prakash 23. Associate Professor of International Studies at Korea University. Walker Family Professor for the Arts and Sciences, and a professor of political science at the University of Washington, Seattle. “The Innovation-Inducing Effects of Carbon Pricing.” 6/24/23. https://www.theregreview.org/2023/07/24/lim-prakash-the-innovation-inducing-effects-of-carbon-pricing/

promoting innovation through spending is not sustainable .  C arbon pricing generate revenue. provide incentives fo r r and d command-and-control create barriers to entry carbon pricing increases input costs, firms have incentives to innovate to offset pricing associated with increase of five patents per million in long run border taxes penalize imports innovation-inducing effect robust enough to offset leakages mitigation creates global public good carbon-intensive industries pay higher taxes for nation as a whole to b enefit


Question: carbon pricing r and d

Carbon pricing is key to spur widespread innovation in renewable technology.

Sijeong Lim & Aseem Prakash 23. Associate Professor of International Studies at Korea University. Walker Family Professor for the Arts and Sciences, and a professor of political science at the University of Washington, Seattle. “The Innovation-Inducing Effects of Carbon Pricing.” 6/24/23. https://www.theregreview.org/2023/07/24/lim-prakash-the-innovation-inducing-effects-of-carbon-pricing/

promoting innovation through spending is not sustainable .  C arbon pricing generate revenue. provide incentives fo r r and d command-and-control create barriers to entry carbon pricing increases input costs, firms have incentives to innovate to offset pricing associated with increase of five patents per million in long run border taxes penalize imports innovation-inducing effect robust enough to offset leakages mitigation creates global public good carbon-intensive industries pay higher taxes for nation as a whole to b enefit


Question: carbon tax revenue

Carbon pricing is key to spur widespread innovation in renewable technology.

Sijeong Lim & Aseem Prakash 23. Associate Professor of International Studies at Korea University. Walker Family Professor for the Arts and Sciences, and a professor of political science at the University of Washington, Seattle. “The Innovation-Inducing Effects of Carbon Pricing.” 6/24/23. https://www.theregreview.org/2023/07/24/lim-prakash-the-innovation-inducing-effects-of-carbon-pricing/

promoting innovation through spending is not sustainable .  C arbon pricing generate revenue. provide incentives fo r r and d command-and-control create barriers to entry carbon pricing increases input costs, firms have incentives to innovate to offset pricing associated with increase of five patents per million in long run border taxes penalize imports innovation-inducing effect robust enough to offset leakages mitigation creates global public good carbon-intensive industries pay higher taxes for nation as a whole to b enefit


Question: innovation offsets leakages

Carbon pricing is key to spur widespread innovation in renewable technology.

Sijeong Lim & Aseem Prakash 23. Associate Professor of International Studies at Korea University. Walker Family Professor for the Arts and Sciences, and a professor of political science at the University of Washington, Seattle. “The Innovation-Inducing Effects of Carbon Pricing.” 6/24/23. https://www.theregreview.org/2023/07/24/lim-prakash-the-innovation-inducing-effects-of-carbon-pricing/

promoting innovation through spending is not sustainable .  C arbon pricing generate revenue. provide incentives fo r r and d command-and-control create barriers to entry carbon pricing increases input costs, firms have incentives to innovate to offset pricing associated with increase of five patents per million in long run border taxes penalize imports innovation-inducing effect robust enough to offset leakages mitigation creates global public good carbon-intensive industries pay higher taxes for nation as a whole to b enefit


Question: Alternative community formation fails

“Alternative community formation” fails. Only targeted government action reworks current societal structures to challenge anti-black relations of power, rectify injustices, and combat climate change.

Mintz-Woo 24 – Tenured lecturer in the Department of Philosophy and Environmental Research Institute Associate at University College Cork. M.A. in Philosophy, Public Health, and Economics.

maximizing frameworks is not appropriate when discussing climate policy due to immediacy justice-constrained policy choice is high risk carbon pricing might seem unsatisfying or visionless However this is not the case with climate climate change requires urgent action outcomes have potential to be disastrous they already caus massive harms delayed action is inefficacious action fundamental changes would be too slow it can be difficult when coalitions set broad agendas It is much easier to unite in favor of something narrow we do not have the time for complex frameworks that are aimed at addressing many social ills


Question: Mintz-Woo 24

“Alternative community formation” fails. Only targeted government action reworks current societal structures to challenge anti-black relations of power, rectify injustices, and combat climate change.

Mintz-Woo 24 – Tenured lecturer in the Department of Philosophy and Environmental Research Institute Associate at University College Cork. M.A. in Philosophy, Public Health, and Economics.

maximizing frameworks is not appropriate when discussing climate policy due to immediacy justice-constrained policy choice is high risk carbon pricing might seem unsatisfying or visionless However this is not the case with climate climate change requires urgent action outcomes have potential to be disastrous they already caus massive harms delayed action is inefficacious action fundamental changes would be too slow it can be difficult when coalitions set broad agendas It is much easier to unite in favor of something narrow we do not have the time for complex frameworks that are aimed at addressing many social ills


Question: climate policy immediacy

“Alternative community formation” fails. Only targeted government action reworks current societal structures to challenge anti-black relations of power, rectify injustices, and combat climate change.

Mintz-Woo 24 – Tenured lecturer in the Department of Philosophy and Environmental Research Institute Associate at University College Cork. M.A. in Philosophy, Public Health, and Economics.

maximizing frameworks is not appropriate when discussing climate policy due to immediacy justice-constrained policy choice is high risk carbon pricing might seem unsatisfying or visionless However this is not the case with climate climate change requires urgent action outcomes have potential to be disastrous they already caus massive harms delayed action is inefficacious action fundamental changes would be too slow it can be difficult when coalitions set broad agendas It is much easier to unite in favor of something narrow we do not have the time for complex frameworks that are aimed at addressing many social ills


Question: narrow climate policy

“Alternative community formation” fails. Only targeted government action reworks current societal structures to challenge anti-black relations of power, rectify injustices, and combat climate change.

Mintz-Woo 24 – Tenured lecturer in the Department of Philosophy and Environmental Research Institute Associate at University College Cork. M.A. in Philosophy, Public Health, and Economics.

maximizing frameworks is not appropriate when discussing climate policy due to immediacy justice-constrained policy choice is high risk carbon pricing might seem unsatisfying or visionless However this is not the case with climate climate change requires urgent action outcomes have potential to be disastrous they already caus massive harms delayed action is inefficacious action fundamental changes would be too slow it can be difficult when coalitions set broad agendas It is much easier to unite in favor of something narrow we do not have the time for complex frameworks that are aimed at addressing many social ills


Question: climate change urgent action

“Alternative community formation” fails. Only targeted government action reworks current societal structures to challenge anti-black relations of power, rectify injustices, and combat climate change.

Mintz-Woo 24 – Tenured lecturer in the Department of Philosophy and Environmental Research Institute Associate at University College Cork. M.A. in Philosophy, Public Health, and Economics.

maximizing frameworks is not appropriate when discussing climate policy due to immediacy justice-constrained policy choice is high risk carbon pricing might seem unsatisfying or visionless However this is not the case with climate climate change requires urgent action outcomes have potential to be disastrous they already caus massive harms delayed action is inefficacious action fundamental changes would be too slow it can be difficult when coalitions set broad agendas It is much easier to unite in favor of something narrow we do not have the time for complex frameworks that are aimed at addressing many social ills


Question: justice-constrained policy choice

“Alternative community formation” fails. Only targeted government action reworks current societal structures to challenge anti-black relations of power, rectify injustices, and combat climate change.

Mintz-Woo 24 – Tenured lecturer in the Department of Philosophy and Environmental Research Institute Associate at University College Cork. M.A. in Philosophy, Public Health, and Economics.

maximizing frameworks is not appropriate when discussing climate policy due to immediacy justice-constrained policy choice is high risk carbon pricing might seem unsatisfying or visionless However this is not the case with climate climate change requires urgent action outcomes have potential to be disastrous they already caus massive harms delayed action is inefficacious action fundamental changes would be too slow it can be difficult when coalitions set broad agendas It is much easier to unite in favor of something narrow we do not have the time for complex frameworks that are aimed at addressing many social ills


Question: complex frameworks addressing social ills

“Alternative community formation” fails. Only targeted government action reworks current societal structures to challenge anti-black relations of power, rectify injustices, and combat climate change.

Mintz-Woo 24 – Tenured lecturer in the Department of Philosophy and Environmental Research Institute Associate at University College Cork. M.A. in Philosophy, Public Health, and Economics.

maximizing frameworks is not appropriate when discussing climate policy due to immediacy justice-constrained policy choice is high risk carbon pricing might seem unsatisfying or visionless However this is not the case with climate climate change requires urgent action outcomes have potential to be disastrous they already caus massive harms delayed action is inefficacious action fundamental changes would be too slow it can be difficult when coalitions set broad agendas It is much easier to unite in favor of something narrow we do not have the time for complex frameworks that are aimed at addressing many social ills


Question: renewables expensive tax

Renewables never become competitive without a prohibitively expensive tax.

Elizabeth Baldwin 20. Associate Professor of Economics at Oxford. Yongyang Cai, Professor in Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics at The Ohio State University. Karlygash Kuralbayev, Senior Lecturer in Economics at the Department of Political Economy at King's College London.

With pricing , there is a of being “ locked into ” ways of producing electricity that are cheap renewables is currently expensive and may not become competitive making the sector “less competitive” through taxes is costly than through subsidies subsidies stimulate investment and the renewable sector crowds out dirty energy this appears sufficient , as well as less costly


Question: Baldwin Cai and Kuralbayev 20

Renewables never become competitive without a prohibitively expensive tax.

Elizabeth Baldwin 20. Associate Professor of Economics at Oxford. Yongyang Cai, Professor in Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics at The Ohio State University. Karlygash Kuralbayev, Senior Lecturer in Economics at the Department of Political Economy at King's College London.

With pricing , there is a of being “ locked into ” ways of producing electricity that are cheap renewables is currently expensive and may not become competitive making the sector “less competitive” through taxes is costly than through subsidies subsidies stimulate investment and the renewable sector crowds out dirty energy this appears sufficient , as well as less costly


Question: renewables not competitive

Renewables never become competitive without a prohibitively expensive tax.

Elizabeth Baldwin 20. Associate Professor of Economics at Oxford. Yongyang Cai, Professor in Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics at The Ohio State University. Karlygash Kuralbayev, Senior Lecturer in Economics at the Department of Political Economy at King's College London.

With pricing , there is a of being “ locked into ” ways of producing electricity that are cheap renewables is currently expensive and may not become competitive making the sector “less competitive” through taxes is costly than through subsidies subsidies stimulate investment and the renewable sector crowds out dirty energy this appears sufficient , as well as less costly


Question: renewables subsidies better than taxes

Renewables never become competitive without a prohibitively expensive tax.

Elizabeth Baldwin 20. Associate Professor of Economics at Oxford. Yongyang Cai, Professor in Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics at The Ohio State University. Karlygash Kuralbayev, Senior Lecturer in Economics at the Department of Political Economy at King's College London.

With pricing , there is a of being “ locked into ” ways of producing electricity that are cheap renewables is currently expensive and may not become competitive making the sector “less competitive” through taxes is costly than through subsidies subsidies stimulate investment and the renewable sector crowds out dirty energy this appears sufficient , as well as less costly


Question: renewables expensive without tax

Renewables never become competitive without a prohibitively expensive tax.

Elizabeth Baldwin 20. Associate Professor of Economics at Oxford. Yongyang Cai, Professor in Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics at The Ohio State University. Karlygash Kuralbayev, Senior Lecturer in Economics at the Department of Political Economy at King's College London.

With pricing , there is a of being “ locked into ” ways of producing electricity that are cheap renewables is currently expensive and may not become competitive making the sector “less competitive” through taxes is costly than through subsidies subsidies stimulate investment and the renewable sector crowds out dirty energy this appears sufficient , as well as less costly


Question: renewables never competitive

Renewables never become competitive without a prohibitively expensive tax.

Elizabeth Baldwin 20. Associate Professor of Economics at Oxford. Yongyang Cai, Professor in Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics at The Ohio State University. Karlygash Kuralbayev, Senior Lecturer in Economics at the Department of Political Economy at King's College London.

With pricing , there is a of being “ locked into ” ways of producing electricity that are cheap renewables is currently expensive and may not become competitive making the sector “less competitive” through taxes is costly than through subsidies subsidies stimulate investment and the renewable sector crowds out dirty energy this appears sufficient , as well as less costly


Question: Businesses are pessimistic and uncertain

Businesses are pessimistic AND uncertain.

Reuters ‘9-10 [Reuters; September 10; news agency present in 200 locations worldwide, citing the National Federation of Independent Business; U.S. News and World Report, “US Small Business Sentiment Ebbs in August Amid Rising Uncertainty,” https://money.usnews.com/investing/news/articles/2024-09-10/us-small-business-sentiment-ebbs-in-august-amid-rising-uncertainty]

confidence fell amid uncertainty of election and weak sales the market lackluster uncertainty is rising the stock market expressing unease owners worry about inflation job s have declined rise in compensation owners could not fill in Job creation continued to decline slowdown in payrolls


Question: Reuters '9-10

Businesses are pessimistic AND uncertain.

Reuters ‘9-10 [Reuters; September 10; news agency present in 200 locations worldwide, citing the National Federation of Independent Business; U.S. News and World Report, “US Small Business Sentiment Ebbs in August Amid Rising Uncertainty,” https://money.usnews.com/investing/news/articles/2024-09-10/us-small-business-sentiment-ebbs-in-august-amid-rising-uncertainty]

confidence fell amid uncertainty of election and weak sales the market lackluster uncertainty is rising the stock market expressing unease owners worry about inflation job s have declined rise in compensation owners could not fill in Job creation continued to decline slowdown in payrolls


Question: small business sentiment ebbs

Businesses are pessimistic AND uncertain.

Reuters ‘9-10 [Reuters; September 10; news agency present in 200 locations worldwide, citing the National Federation of Independent Business; U.S. News and World Report, “US Small Business Sentiment Ebbs in August Amid Rising Uncertainty,” https://money.usnews.com/investing/news/articles/2024-09-10/us-small-business-sentiment-ebbs-in-august-amid-rising-uncertainty]

confidence fell amid uncertainty of election and weak sales the market lackluster uncertainty is rising the stock market expressing unease owners worry about inflation job s have declined rise in compensation owners could not fill in Job creation continued to decline slowdown in payrolls


Question: election uncertainty weak sales

Businesses are pessimistic AND uncertain.

Reuters ‘9-10 [Reuters; September 10; news agency present in 200 locations worldwide, citing the National Federation of Independent Business; U.S. News and World Report, “US Small Business Sentiment Ebbs in August Amid Rising Uncertainty,” https://money.usnews.com/investing/news/articles/2024-09-10/us-small-business-sentiment-ebbs-in-august-amid-rising-uncertainty]

confidence fell amid uncertainty of election and weak sales the market lackluster uncertainty is rising the stock market expressing unease owners worry about inflation job s have declined rise in compensation owners could not fill in Job creation continued to decline slowdown in payrolls


Question: market lackluster uncertainty rising

Businesses are pessimistic AND uncertain.

Reuters ‘9-10 [Reuters; September 10; news agency present in 200 locations worldwide, citing the National Federation of Independent Business; U.S. News and World Report, “US Small Business Sentiment Ebbs in August Amid Rising Uncertainty,” https://money.usnews.com/investing/news/articles/2024-09-10/us-small-business-sentiment-ebbs-in-august-amid-rising-uncertainty]

confidence fell amid uncertainty of election and weak sales the market lackluster uncertainty is rising the stock market expressing unease owners worry about inflation job s have declined rise in compensation owners could not fill in Job creation continued to decline slowdown in payrolls


Question: owners worry about inflation

Businesses are pessimistic AND uncertain.

Reuters ‘9-10 [Reuters; September 10; news agency present in 200 locations worldwide, citing the National Federation of Independent Business; U.S. News and World Report, “US Small Business Sentiment Ebbs in August Amid Rising Uncertainty,” https://money.usnews.com/investing/news/articles/2024-09-10/us-small-business-sentiment-ebbs-in-august-amid-rising-uncertainty]

confidence fell amid uncertainty of election and weak sales the market lackluster uncertainty is rising the stock market expressing unease owners worry about inflation job s have declined rise in compensation owners could not fill in Job creation continued to decline slowdown in payrolls


Question: link starts at 0.4%

Link starts at 0.4%

Kim 24 [Sehoon Kim, assistant professor of finance at the University of Florida. Kim's research interests include corporate finance, financial markets, corporate governance, sustainability, competition and public policy, "Data suggests cheap carbon offsets may be more about greenwashing than helping the climate", 11-12-2024, https://arkansasadvocate.com/2024/11/12/data-suggests-cheap-carbon-offsets-may-be-more-about-greenwashing-than-helping-the-climate/] **green highlighting added to graph

first systematic evidence study at global voluntary carbon offsets by firms oil and gas used negligible offsets biggest emitters offset the least


Question: Kim 24

Link starts at 0.4%

Kim 24 [Sehoon Kim, assistant professor of finance at the University of Florida. Kim's research interests include corporate finance, financial markets, corporate governance, sustainability, competition and public policy, "Data suggests cheap carbon offsets may be more about greenwashing than helping the climate", 11-12-2024, https://arkansasadvocate.com/2024/11/12/data-suggests-cheap-carbon-offsets-may-be-more-about-greenwashing-than-helping-the-climate/] **green highlighting added to graph

first systematic evidence study at global voluntary carbon offsets by firms oil and gas used negligible offsets biggest emitters offset the least


Question: Sehoon Kim carbon offsets

Link starts at 0.4%

Kim 24 [Sehoon Kim, assistant professor of finance at the University of Florida. Kim's research interests include corporate finance, financial markets, corporate governance, sustainability, competition and public policy, "Data suggests cheap carbon offsets may be more about greenwashing than helping the climate", 11-12-2024, https://arkansasadvocate.com/2024/11/12/data-suggests-cheap-carbon-offsets-may-be-more-about-greenwashing-than-helping-the-climate/] **green highlighting added to graph

first systematic evidence study at global voluntary carbon offsets by firms oil and gas used negligible offsets biggest emitters offset the least


Question: voluntary carbon offsets greenwashing

Link starts at 0.4%

Kim 24 [Sehoon Kim, assistant professor of finance at the University of Florida. Kim's research interests include corporate finance, financial markets, corporate governance, sustainability, competition and public policy, "Data suggests cheap carbon offsets may be more about greenwashing than helping the climate", 11-12-2024, https://arkansasadvocate.com/2024/11/12/data-suggests-cheap-carbon-offsets-may-be-more-about-greenwashing-than-helping-the-climate/] **green highlighting added to graph

first systematic evidence study at global voluntary carbon offsets by firms oil and gas used negligible offsets biggest emitters offset the least


Question: biggest emitters offset the least

Link starts at 0.4%

Kim 24 [Sehoon Kim, assistant professor of finance at the University of Florida. Kim's research interests include corporate finance, financial markets, corporate governance, sustainability, competition and public policy, "Data suggests cheap carbon offsets may be more about greenwashing than helping the climate", 11-12-2024, https://arkansasadvocate.com/2024/11/12/data-suggests-cheap-carbon-offsets-may-be-more-about-greenwashing-than-helping-the-climate/] **green highlighting added to graph

first systematic evidence study at global voluntary carbon offsets by firms oil and gas used negligible offsets biggest emitters offset the least


Question: negligible offsets

Link starts at 0.4%

Kim 24 [Sehoon Kim, assistant professor of finance at the University of Florida. Kim's research interests include corporate finance, financial markets, corporate governance, sustainability, competition and public policy, "Data suggests cheap carbon offsets may be more about greenwashing than helping the climate", 11-12-2024, https://arkansasadvocate.com/2024/11/12/data-suggests-cheap-carbon-offsets-may-be-more-about-greenwashing-than-helping-the-climate/] **green highlighting added to graph

first systematic evidence study at global voluntary carbon offsets by firms oil and gas used negligible offsets biggest emitters offset the least


Question: China recession

China’s officially in a recession.

Yardeni 11-11, *President of Yardeni Research, Inc; **analyst at the NY Fed. (*Ed, **Eric Wallerstein, 11-11-2024, “China: A Deflating Dragon,” Yardeni: QuickTakes, https://www.yardeniquicktakes.com/china-a-deflating-dragon/)

The recession was in China huge negative wealth effect of falling property and stock prices caused consumers to retrench China's economy remains weak evidenced by flat imports The government seems to lack the will, or way to stimulate demand


Question: Yardeni 11-11

China’s officially in a recession.

Yardeni 11-11, *President of Yardeni Research, Inc; **analyst at the NY Fed. (*Ed, **Eric Wallerstein, 11-11-2024, “China: A Deflating Dragon,” Yardeni: QuickTakes, https://www.yardeniquicktakes.com/china-a-deflating-dragon/)

The recession was in China huge negative wealth effect of falling property and stock prices caused consumers to retrench China's economy remains weak evidenced by flat imports The government seems to lack the will, or way to stimulate demand


Question: China officially in recession

China’s officially in a recession.

Yardeni 11-11, *President of Yardeni Research, Inc; **analyst at the NY Fed. (*Ed, **Eric Wallerstein, 11-11-2024, “China: A Deflating Dragon,” Yardeni: QuickTakes, https://www.yardeniquicktakes.com/china-a-deflating-dragon/)

The recession was in China huge negative wealth effect of falling property and stock prices caused consumers to retrench China's economy remains weak evidenced by flat imports The government seems to lack the will, or way to stimulate demand


Question: China economy weak

China’s officially in a recession.

Yardeni 11-11, *President of Yardeni Research, Inc; **analyst at the NY Fed. (*Ed, **Eric Wallerstein, 11-11-2024, “China: A Deflating Dragon,” Yardeni: QuickTakes, https://www.yardeniquicktakes.com/china-a-deflating-dragon/)

The recession was in China huge negative wealth effect of falling property and stock prices caused consumers to retrench China's economy remains weak evidenced by flat imports The government seems to lack the will, or way to stimulate demand


Question: deflating dragon

China’s officially in a recession.

Yardeni 11-11, *President of Yardeni Research, Inc; **analyst at the NY Fed. (*Ed, **Eric Wallerstein, 11-11-2024, “China: A Deflating Dragon,” Yardeni: QuickTakes, https://www.yardeniquicktakes.com/china-a-deflating-dragon/)

The recession was in China huge negative wealth effect of falling property and stock prices caused consumers to retrench China's economy remains weak evidenced by flat imports The government seems to lack the will, or way to stimulate demand


Question: China falling property and stock prices

China’s officially in a recession.

Yardeni 11-11, *President of Yardeni Research, Inc; **analyst at the NY Fed. (*Ed, **Eric Wallerstein, 11-11-2024, “China: A Deflating Dragon,” Yardeni: QuickTakes, https://www.yardeniquicktakes.com/china-a-deflating-dragon/)

The recession was in China huge negative wealth effect of falling property and stock prices caused consumers to retrench China's economy remains weak evidenced by flat imports The government seems to lack the will, or way to stimulate demand


Question: China negative wealth effect

China’s officially in a recession.

Yardeni 11-11, *President of Yardeni Research, Inc; **analyst at the NY Fed. (*Ed, **Eric Wallerstein, 11-11-2024, “China: A Deflating Dragon,” Yardeni: QuickTakes, https://www.yardeniquicktakes.com/china-a-deflating-dragon/)

The recession was in China huge negative wealth effect of falling property and stock prices caused consumers to retrench China's economy remains weak evidenced by flat imports The government seems to lack the will, or way to stimulate demand


Question: China no stimulus

China’s officially in a recession.

Yardeni 11-11, *President of Yardeni Research, Inc; **analyst at the NY Fed. (*Ed, **Eric Wallerstein, 11-11-2024, “China: A Deflating Dragon,” Yardeni: QuickTakes, https://www.yardeniquicktakes.com/china-a-deflating-dragon/)

The recession was in China huge negative wealth effect of falling property and stock prices caused consumers to retrench China's economy remains weak evidenced by flat imports The government seems to lack the will, or way to stimulate demand


Question: Technical hurdles hinder adoption

2---Technical hurdles hinder adoption.

1AC Morris ’24 [James; May 7; Climate Risk and Resilience Manager for Accenture in the UK. James works extensively with Accenture’s global clients to manage the risks and opportunities to their business from the impacts of climate change; Karve International, “The Future of Sustainable Synthetic Fuel in Military Aviation,” https://www.karveinternational.com/insights/the-future-of-sustainable-synthetic-fuel-in-military-aviation]

Limited volumes mean SAF is more expensive Technical hurdles such as scalability and feedstock availability remain formidable barriers capital-intensive nature necessitates significant investments posing financial strains questions linger about its energy density, combustion and compatibility with existing aircraft s


Question: Morris 24

2---Technical hurdles hinder adoption.

1AC Morris ’24 [James; May 7; Climate Risk and Resilience Manager for Accenture in the UK. James works extensively with Accenture’s global clients to manage the risks and opportunities to their business from the impacts of climate change; Karve International, “The Future of Sustainable Synthetic Fuel in Military Aviation,” https://www.karveinternational.com/insights/the-future-of-sustainable-synthetic-fuel-in-military-aviation]

Limited volumes mean SAF is more expensive Technical hurdles such as scalability and feedstock availability remain formidable barriers capital-intensive nature necessitates significant investments posing financial strains questions linger about its energy density, combustion and compatibility with existing aircraft s


Question: Accenture climate risk

2---Technical hurdles hinder adoption.

1AC Morris ’24 [James; May 7; Climate Risk and Resilience Manager for Accenture in the UK. James works extensively with Accenture’s global clients to manage the risks and opportunities to their business from the impacts of climate change; Karve International, “The Future of Sustainable Synthetic Fuel in Military Aviation,” https://www.karveinternational.com/insights/the-future-of-sustainable-synthetic-fuel-in-military-aviation]

Limited volumes mean SAF is more expensive Technical hurdles such as scalability and feedstock availability remain formidable barriers capital-intensive nature necessitates significant investments posing financial strains questions linger about its energy density, combustion and compatibility with existing aircraft s


Question: SAF scalability and feedstock

2---Technical hurdles hinder adoption.

1AC Morris ’24 [James; May 7; Climate Risk and Resilience Manager for Accenture in the UK. James works extensively with Accenture’s global clients to manage the risks and opportunities to their business from the impacts of climate change; Karve International, “The Future of Sustainable Synthetic Fuel in Military Aviation,” https://www.karveinternational.com/insights/the-future-of-sustainable-synthetic-fuel-in-military-aviation]

Limited volumes mean SAF is more expensive Technical hurdles such as scalability and feedstock availability remain formidable barriers capital-intensive nature necessitates significant investments posing financial strains questions linger about its energy density, combustion and compatibility with existing aircraft s


Question: synthetic fuel technical hurdles

2---Technical hurdles hinder adoption.

1AC Morris ’24 [James; May 7; Climate Risk and Resilience Manager for Accenture in the UK. James works extensively with Accenture’s global clients to manage the risks and opportunities to their business from the impacts of climate change; Karve International, “The Future of Sustainable Synthetic Fuel in Military Aviation,” https://www.karveinternational.com/insights/the-future-of-sustainable-synthetic-fuel-in-military-aviation]

Limited volumes mean SAF is more expensive Technical hurdles such as scalability and feedstock availability remain formidable barriers capital-intensive nature necessitates significant investments posing financial strains questions linger about its energy density, combustion and compatibility with existing aircraft s


Question: SAF expensive

2---Technical hurdles hinder adoption.

1AC Morris ’24 [James; May 7; Climate Risk and Resilience Manager for Accenture in the UK. James works extensively with Accenture’s global clients to manage the risks and opportunities to their business from the impacts of climate change; Karve International, “The Future of Sustainable Synthetic Fuel in Military Aviation,” https://www.karveinternational.com/insights/the-future-of-sustainable-synthetic-fuel-in-military-aviation]

Limited volumes mean SAF is more expensive Technical hurdles such as scalability and feedstock availability remain formidable barriers capital-intensive nature necessitates significant investments posing financial strains questions linger about its energy density, combustion and compatibility with existing aircraft s


Question: SAF capital intensive

2---Technical hurdles hinder adoption.

1AC Morris ’24 [James; May 7; Climate Risk and Resilience Manager for Accenture in the UK. James works extensively with Accenture’s global clients to manage the risks and opportunities to their business from the impacts of climate change; Karve International, “The Future of Sustainable Synthetic Fuel in Military Aviation,” https://www.karveinternational.com/insights/the-future-of-sustainable-synthetic-fuel-in-military-aviation]

Limited volumes mean SAF is more expensive Technical hurdles such as scalability and feedstock availability remain formidable barriers capital-intensive nature necessitates significant investments posing financial strains questions linger about its energy density, combustion and compatibility with existing aircraft s


Question: Solarpunk solves anarchist future imaginary

[LINK/ALT] Solarpunk solves – an anarchist future imaginary subverts the aff and the reactionary squo to which it belongs.

Gillam, William Joseph 2023. Gillam is a PhD candidate at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, focusing on conflict and security and environment and resources. “A Solarpunk Manifesto: Turning Imaginary into Reality.” https://go-gale-com.proxy.library.cornell.edu/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=nysl_sc_cornl&id=GALE%7CA762546806&v=2.1&it=r&sid=ebsco&aty=ip

A future imaginary is a vision shared by a group of individuals depicting a desired future’s political, economic, and social configurations future imaginaries are used to strategize A critical set of future imaginaries today are the many possible futures of human-induced climate change current global governance structures have failed to mitigate the crisis and to promote optimism media and literature are wrought with visions of an apocalyptic future This rhetoric breeds a sense of fatalism The goal of climate governance is to prevent these imaginaries from becoming reality Global environmental governance is predominantly reactive lacking in vision or conviction for building a post-Anthropocene humanity the future is much more intersectional than simply preventing ecological disasters. The future needs a specific Imaginary to build towards is there a social imaginary that depicts a plausible utopian future? There is solarpunk ’ Solarpunk was meant to be more than a worldbuilding tool It was also meant to be a societal goal as commentary on a new possible future A solarpunk society is post-capitalist and post-scarcity ecologically minded a just society, not only for humanity, but for non-humanity community-oriented and prioritizes the local deconstructs power and promotes horizontalism In an act of existential revolt, solarpunk subverts no future’ rhetoric and replaces it with hope and optimism there is a future although drastic social change and resistance is necessary to reach it this imaginary can become a reality As a social imaginary, solarpunk can provide guiding principles to direct activism towards building a better future The neoliberal machine lends itself to believe that it can solve the global ecological crisis although nonsense it feels as if there really is no future to be had it is time to subvert this notion Replace dystopia and dread with   and hope with solarpunk Imagine a future where resistance to the system did result in widespread social change Solarpunk imaginaries could guide this future Using solarpunk imaginaries guiding principles of anarchism, ecology, and justice support subverting the status quo and building a better future .


Question: Gillam 2023 solarpunk

[LINK/ALT] Solarpunk solves – an anarchist future imaginary subverts the aff and the reactionary squo to which it belongs.

Gillam, William Joseph 2023. Gillam is a PhD candidate at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, focusing on conflict and security and environment and resources. “A Solarpunk Manifesto: Turning Imaginary into Reality.” https://go-gale-com.proxy.library.cornell.edu/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=nysl_sc_cornl&id=GALE%7CA762546806&v=2.1&it=r&sid=ebsco&aty=ip

A future imaginary is a vision shared by a group of individuals depicting a desired future’s political, economic, and social configurations future imaginaries are used to strategize A critical set of future imaginaries today are the many possible futures of human-induced climate change current global governance structures have failed to mitigate the crisis and to promote optimism media and literature are wrought with visions of an apocalyptic future This rhetoric breeds a sense of fatalism The goal of climate governance is to prevent these imaginaries from becoming reality Global environmental governance is predominantly reactive lacking in vision or conviction for building a post-Anthropocene humanity the future is much more intersectional than simply preventing ecological disasters. The future needs a specific Imaginary to build towards is there a social imaginary that depicts a plausible utopian future? There is solarpunk ’ Solarpunk was meant to be more than a worldbuilding tool It was also meant to be a societal goal as commentary on a new possible future A solarpunk society is post-capitalist and post-scarcity ecologically minded a just society, not only for humanity, but for non-humanity community-oriented and prioritizes the local deconstructs power and promotes horizontalism In an act of existential revolt, solarpunk subverts no future’ rhetoric and replaces it with hope and optimism there is a future although drastic social change and resistance is necessary to reach it this imaginary can become a reality As a social imaginary, solarpunk can provide guiding principles to direct activism towards building a better future The neoliberal machine lends itself to believe that it can solve the global ecological crisis although nonsense it feels as if there really is no future to be had it is time to subvert this notion Replace dystopia and dread with   and hope with solarpunk Imagine a future where resistance to the system did result in widespread social change Solarpunk imaginaries could guide this future Using solarpunk imaginaries guiding principles of anarchism, ecology, and justice support subverting the status quo and building a better future .


Question: William Joseph Gillam

[LINK/ALT] Solarpunk solves – an anarchist future imaginary subverts the aff and the reactionary squo to which it belongs.

Gillam, William Joseph 2023. Gillam is a PhD candidate at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, focusing on conflict and security and environment and resources. “A Solarpunk Manifesto: Turning Imaginary into Reality.” https://go-gale-com.proxy.library.cornell.edu/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=nysl_sc_cornl&id=GALE%7CA762546806&v=2.1&it=r&sid=ebsco&aty=ip

A future imaginary is a vision shared by a group of individuals depicting a desired future’s political, economic, and social configurations future imaginaries are used to strategize A critical set of future imaginaries today are the many possible futures of human-induced climate change current global governance structures have failed to mitigate the crisis and to promote optimism media and literature are wrought with visions of an apocalyptic future This rhetoric breeds a sense of fatalism The goal of climate governance is to prevent these imaginaries from becoming reality Global environmental governance is predominantly reactive lacking in vision or conviction for building a post-Anthropocene humanity the future is much more intersectional than simply preventing ecological disasters. The future needs a specific Imaginary to build towards is there a social imaginary that depicts a plausible utopian future? There is solarpunk ’ Solarpunk was meant to be more than a worldbuilding tool It was also meant to be a societal goal as commentary on a new possible future A solarpunk society is post-capitalist and post-scarcity ecologically minded a just society, not only for humanity, but for non-humanity community-oriented and prioritizes the local deconstructs power and promotes horizontalism In an act of existential revolt, solarpunk subverts no future’ rhetoric and replaces it with hope and optimism there is a future although drastic social change and resistance is necessary to reach it this imaginary can become a reality As a social imaginary, solarpunk can provide guiding principles to direct activism towards building a better future The neoliberal machine lends itself to believe that it can solve the global ecological crisis although nonsense it feels as if there really is no future to be had it is time to subvert this notion Replace dystopia and dread with   and hope with solarpunk Imagine a future where resistance to the system did result in widespread social change Solarpunk imaginaries could guide this future Using solarpunk imaginaries guiding principles of anarchism, ecology, and justice support subverting the status quo and building a better future .


Question: solarpunk subverts status quo

[LINK/ALT] Solarpunk solves – an anarchist future imaginary subverts the aff and the reactionary squo to which it belongs.

Gillam, William Joseph 2023. Gillam is a PhD candidate at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, focusing on conflict and security and environment and resources. “A Solarpunk Manifesto: Turning Imaginary into Reality.” https://go-gale-com.proxy.library.cornell.edu/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=nysl_sc_cornl&id=GALE%7CA762546806&v=2.1&it=r&sid=ebsco&aty=ip

A future imaginary is a vision shared by a group of individuals depicting a desired future’s political, economic, and social configurations future imaginaries are used to strategize A critical set of future imaginaries today are the many possible futures of human-induced climate change current global governance structures have failed to mitigate the crisis and to promote optimism media and literature are wrought with visions of an apocalyptic future This rhetoric breeds a sense of fatalism The goal of climate governance is to prevent these imaginaries from becoming reality Global environmental governance is predominantly reactive lacking in vision or conviction for building a post-Anthropocene humanity the future is much more intersectional than simply preventing ecological disasters. The future needs a specific Imaginary to build towards is there a social imaginary that depicts a plausible utopian future? There is solarpunk ’ Solarpunk was meant to be more than a worldbuilding tool It was also meant to be a societal goal as commentary on a new possible future A solarpunk society is post-capitalist and post-scarcity ecologically minded a just society, not only for humanity, but for non-humanity community-oriented and prioritizes the local deconstructs power and promotes horizontalism In an act of existential revolt, solarpunk subverts no future’ rhetoric and replaces it with hope and optimism there is a future although drastic social change and resistance is necessary to reach it this imaginary can become a reality As a social imaginary, solarpunk can provide guiding principles to direct activism towards building a better future The neoliberal machine lends itself to believe that it can solve the global ecological crisis although nonsense it feels as if there really is no future to be had it is time to subvert this notion Replace dystopia and dread with   and hope with solarpunk Imagine a future where resistance to the system did result in widespread social change Solarpunk imaginaries could guide this future Using solarpunk imaginaries guiding principles of anarchism, ecology, and justice support subverting the status quo and building a better future .


Question: solarpunk post capitalist post scarcity

[LINK/ALT] Solarpunk solves – an anarchist future imaginary subverts the aff and the reactionary squo to which it belongs.

Gillam, William Joseph 2023. Gillam is a PhD candidate at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, focusing on conflict and security and environment and resources. “A Solarpunk Manifesto: Turning Imaginary into Reality.” https://go-gale-com.proxy.library.cornell.edu/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=nysl_sc_cornl&id=GALE%7CA762546806&v=2.1&it=r&sid=ebsco&aty=ip

A future imaginary is a vision shared by a group of individuals depicting a desired future’s political, economic, and social configurations future imaginaries are used to strategize A critical set of future imaginaries today are the many possible futures of human-induced climate change current global governance structures have failed to mitigate the crisis and to promote optimism media and literature are wrought with visions of an apocalyptic future This rhetoric breeds a sense of fatalism The goal of climate governance is to prevent these imaginaries from becoming reality Global environmental governance is predominantly reactive lacking in vision or conviction for building a post-Anthropocene humanity the future is much more intersectional than simply preventing ecological disasters. The future needs a specific Imaginary to build towards is there a social imaginary that depicts a plausible utopian future? There is solarpunk ’ Solarpunk was meant to be more than a worldbuilding tool It was also meant to be a societal goal as commentary on a new possible future A solarpunk society is post-capitalist and post-scarcity ecologically minded a just society, not only for humanity, but for non-humanity community-oriented and prioritizes the local deconstructs power and promotes horizontalism In an act of existential revolt, solarpunk subverts no future’ rhetoric and replaces it with hope and optimism there is a future although drastic social change and resistance is necessary to reach it this imaginary can become a reality As a social imaginary, solarpunk can provide guiding principles to direct activism towards building a better future The neoliberal machine lends itself to believe that it can solve the global ecological crisis although nonsense it feels as if there really is no future to be had it is time to subvert this notion Replace dystopia and dread with   and hope with solarpunk Imagine a future where resistance to the system did result in widespread social change Solarpunk imaginaries could guide this future Using solarpunk imaginaries guiding principles of anarchism, ecology, and justice support subverting the status quo and building a better future .


Question: Solarpunk better future

[LINK/ALT] Solarpunk solves – an anarchist future imaginary subverts the aff and the reactionary squo to which it belongs.

Gillam, William Joseph 2023. Gillam is a PhD candidate at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, focusing on conflict and security and environment and resources. “A Solarpunk Manifesto: Turning Imaginary into Reality.” https://go-gale-com.proxy.library.cornell.edu/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=nysl_sc_cornl&id=GALE%7CA762546806&v=2.1&it=r&sid=ebsco&aty=ip

A future imaginary is a vision shared by a group of individuals depicting a desired future’s political, economic, and social configurations future imaginaries are used to strategize A critical set of future imaginaries today are the many possible futures of human-induced climate change current global governance structures have failed to mitigate the crisis and to promote optimism media and literature are wrought with visions of an apocalyptic future This rhetoric breeds a sense of fatalism The goal of climate governance is to prevent these imaginaries from becoming reality Global environmental governance is predominantly reactive lacking in vision or conviction for building a post-Anthropocene humanity the future is much more intersectional than simply preventing ecological disasters. The future needs a specific Imaginary to build towards is there a social imaginary that depicts a plausible utopian future? There is solarpunk ’ Solarpunk was meant to be more than a worldbuilding tool It was also meant to be a societal goal as commentary on a new possible future A solarpunk society is post-capitalist and post-scarcity ecologically minded a just society, not only for humanity, but for non-humanity community-oriented and prioritizes the local deconstructs power and promotes horizontalism In an act of existential revolt, solarpunk subverts no future’ rhetoric and replaces it with hope and optimism there is a future although drastic social change and resistance is necessary to reach it this imaginary can become a reality As a social imaginary, solarpunk can provide guiding principles to direct activism towards building a better future The neoliberal machine lends itself to believe that it can solve the global ecological crisis although nonsense it feels as if there really is no future to be had it is time to subvert this notion Replace dystopia and dread with   and hope with solarpunk Imagine a future where resistance to the system did result in widespread social change Solarpunk imaginaries could guide this future Using solarpunk imaginaries guiding principles of anarchism, ecology, and justice support subverting the status quo and building a better future .


Question: solarpunk activism

[LINK/ALT] Solarpunk solves – an anarchist future imaginary subverts the aff and the reactionary squo to which it belongs.

Gillam, William Joseph 2023. Gillam is a PhD candidate at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, focusing on conflict and security and environment and resources. “A Solarpunk Manifesto: Turning Imaginary into Reality.” https://go-gale-com.proxy.library.cornell.edu/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=nysl_sc_cornl&id=GALE%7CA762546806&v=2.1&it=r&sid=ebsco&aty=ip

A future imaginary is a vision shared by a group of individuals depicting a desired future’s political, economic, and social configurations future imaginaries are used to strategize A critical set of future imaginaries today are the many possible futures of human-induced climate change current global governance structures have failed to mitigate the crisis and to promote optimism media and literature are wrought with visions of an apocalyptic future This rhetoric breeds a sense of fatalism The goal of climate governance is to prevent these imaginaries from becoming reality Global environmental governance is predominantly reactive lacking in vision or conviction for building a post-Anthropocene humanity the future is much more intersectional than simply preventing ecological disasters. The future needs a specific Imaginary to build towards is there a social imaginary that depicts a plausible utopian future? There is solarpunk ’ Solarpunk was meant to be more than a worldbuilding tool It was also meant to be a societal goal as commentary on a new possible future A solarpunk society is post-capitalist and post-scarcity ecologically minded a just society, not only for humanity, but for non-humanity community-oriented and prioritizes the local deconstructs power and promotes horizontalism In an act of existential revolt, solarpunk subverts no future’ rhetoric and replaces it with hope and optimism there is a future although drastic social change and resistance is necessary to reach it this imaginary can become a reality As a social imaginary, solarpunk can provide guiding principles to direct activism towards building a better future The neoliberal machine lends itself to believe that it can solve the global ecological crisis although nonsense it feels as if there really is no future to be had it is time to subvert this notion Replace dystopia and dread with   and hope with solarpunk Imagine a future where resistance to the system did result in widespread social change Solarpunk imaginaries could guide this future Using solarpunk imaginaries guiding principles of anarchism, ecology, and justice support subverting the status quo and building a better future .


Question: climate change solarpunk

[LINK/ALT] Solarpunk solves – an anarchist future imaginary subverts the aff and the reactionary squo to which it belongs.

Gillam, William Joseph 2023. Gillam is a PhD candidate at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, focusing on conflict and security and environment and resources. “A Solarpunk Manifesto: Turning Imaginary into Reality.” https://go-gale-com.proxy.library.cornell.edu/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=nysl_sc_cornl&id=GALE%7CA762546806&v=2.1&it=r&sid=ebsco&aty=ip

A future imaginary is a vision shared by a group of individuals depicting a desired future’s political, economic, and social configurations future imaginaries are used to strategize A critical set of future imaginaries today are the many possible futures of human-induced climate change current global governance structures have failed to mitigate the crisis and to promote optimism media and literature are wrought with visions of an apocalyptic future This rhetoric breeds a sense of fatalism The goal of climate governance is to prevent these imaginaries from becoming reality Global environmental governance is predominantly reactive lacking in vision or conviction for building a post-Anthropocene humanity the future is much more intersectional than simply preventing ecological disasters. The future needs a specific Imaginary to build towards is there a social imaginary that depicts a plausible utopian future? There is solarpunk ’ Solarpunk was meant to be more than a worldbuilding tool It was also meant to be a societal goal as commentary on a new possible future A solarpunk society is post-capitalist and post-scarcity ecologically minded a just society, not only for humanity, but for non-humanity community-oriented and prioritizes the local deconstructs power and promotes horizontalism In an act of existential revolt, solarpunk subverts no future’ rhetoric and replaces it with hope and optimism there is a future although drastic social change and resistance is necessary to reach it this imaginary can become a reality As a social imaginary, solarpunk can provide guiding principles to direct activism towards building a better future The neoliberal machine lends itself to believe that it can solve the global ecological crisis although nonsense it feels as if there really is no future to be had it is time to subvert this notion Replace dystopia and dread with   and hope with solarpunk Imagine a future where resistance to the system did result in widespread social change Solarpunk imaginaries could guide this future Using solarpunk imaginaries guiding principles of anarchism, ecology, and justice support subverting the status quo and building a better future .


Question: Alert levels kept exceptionally low

Alert levels are kept exceptionally low.

Wu ’22 [Riqiang; 2022; Associate Professor of International Studies at the Renmin University of China, Ph.D. in Political Science from Tsinghua University; International Security, “Assessing China-U.S. Inadvertent Nuclear Escalation,” vol. 46 no. 2]

China’s nuclear forces are kept at low alert most of China’s warheads remain separated from boosters Upon warning PLARF’s practice is to protect rather than launch missiles close doors switch to isolated ventilation, and put on protective gear doctrine does not require China retaliate immediately By extending decision-making time demands on China’s NC3 can be significantly reduced


Question: Wu 22

Alert levels are kept exceptionally low.

Wu ’22 [Riqiang; 2022; Associate Professor of International Studies at the Renmin University of China, Ph.D. in Political Science from Tsinghua University; International Security, “Assessing China-U.S. Inadvertent Nuclear Escalation,” vol. 46 no. 2]

China’s nuclear forces are kept at low alert most of China’s warheads remain separated from boosters Upon warning PLARF’s practice is to protect rather than launch missiles close doors switch to isolated ventilation, and put on protective gear doctrine does not require China retaliate immediately By extending decision-making time demands on China’s NC3 can be significantly reduced


Question: China nuclear forces low alert

Alert levels are kept exceptionally low.

Wu ’22 [Riqiang; 2022; Associate Professor of International Studies at the Renmin University of China, Ph.D. in Political Science from Tsinghua University; International Security, “Assessing China-U.S. Inadvertent Nuclear Escalation,” vol. 46 no. 2]

China’s nuclear forces are kept at low alert most of China’s warheads remain separated from boosters Upon warning PLARF’s practice is to protect rather than launch missiles close doors switch to isolated ventilation, and put on protective gear doctrine does not require China retaliate immediately By extending decision-making time demands on China’s NC3 can be significantly reduced


Question: China warheads separated from boosters

Alert levels are kept exceptionally low.

Wu ’22 [Riqiang; 2022; Associate Professor of International Studies at the Renmin University of China, Ph.D. in Political Science from Tsinghua University; International Security, “Assessing China-U.S. Inadvertent Nuclear Escalation,” vol. 46 no. 2]

China’s nuclear forces are kept at low alert most of China’s warheads remain separated from boosters Upon warning PLARF’s practice is to protect rather than launch missiles close doors switch to isolated ventilation, and put on protective gear doctrine does not require China retaliate immediately By extending decision-making time demands on China’s NC3 can be significantly reduced


Question: PLARF protect missiles

Alert levels are kept exceptionally low.

Wu ’22 [Riqiang; 2022; Associate Professor of International Studies at the Renmin University of China, Ph.D. in Political Science from Tsinghua University; International Security, “Assessing China-U.S. Inadvertent Nuclear Escalation,” vol. 46 no. 2]

China’s nuclear forces are kept at low alert most of China’s warheads remain separated from boosters Upon warning PLARF’s practice is to protect rather than launch missiles close doors switch to isolated ventilation, and put on protective gear doctrine does not require China retaliate immediately By extending decision-making time demands on China’s NC3 can be significantly reduced


Question: China retaliate immediately

Alert levels are kept exceptionally low.

Wu ’22 [Riqiang; 2022; Associate Professor of International Studies at the Renmin University of China, Ph.D. in Political Science from Tsinghua University; International Security, “Assessing China-U.S. Inadvertent Nuclear Escalation,” vol. 46 no. 2]

China’s nuclear forces are kept at low alert most of China’s warheads remain separated from boosters Upon warning PLARF’s practice is to protect rather than launch missiles close doors switch to isolated ventilation, and put on protective gear doctrine does not require China retaliate immediately By extending decision-making time demands on China’s NC3 can be significantly reduced


Question: China US nuclear escalation

Alert levels are kept exceptionally low.

Wu ’22 [Riqiang; 2022; Associate Professor of International Studies at the Renmin University of China, Ph.D. in Political Science from Tsinghua University; International Security, “Assessing China-U.S. Inadvertent Nuclear Escalation,” vol. 46 no. 2]

China’s nuclear forces are kept at low alert most of China’s warheads remain separated from boosters Upon warning PLARF’s practice is to protect rather than launch missiles close doors switch to isolated ventilation, and put on protective gear doctrine does not require China retaliate immediately By extending decision-making time demands on China’s NC3 can be significantly reduced


Question: China NC3 reduced demands

Alert levels are kept exceptionally low.

Wu ’22 [Riqiang; 2022; Associate Professor of International Studies at the Renmin University of China, Ph.D. in Political Science from Tsinghua University; International Security, “Assessing China-U.S. Inadvertent Nuclear Escalation,” vol. 46 no. 2]

China’s nuclear forces are kept at low alert most of China’s warheads remain separated from boosters Upon warning PLARF’s practice is to protect rather than launch missiles close doors switch to isolated ventilation, and put on protective gear doctrine does not require China retaliate immediately By extending decision-making time demands on China’s NC3 can be significantly reduced


Question: carbon pipelines underdeveloped

The market for carbon pipelines and storage is underdeveloped – federal permitting authority aligned with incentives is key to overcome investment uncertainties

Fahy ‘24 [Nina; Senior Energy Transition Specialist within the RaboResearch Energy Transition team, 7-17-2024, “The long haul to long-haul carbon dioxide pipeline development in the US,” https://www.rabobank.com/knowledge/d011434507-the-long-haul-to-long-haul-carbon-dioxide-pipeline-development-in-the-us]

challenges remain  in bringing projects to market lengthy Class VI permit approval is complex Wider commercialization  need infrastructure build-out Without transportation capture will be relegated to existing pipeline or storage anyone  outside those categories effectively sidelined long-haul pipelines are the most efficient way to scale the E P A ’s new power plant rules rely on carbon capture as a central pillar Biden asked Congress to provide federal authority in siting they are not effective in streamlining development issues have been acute enough that the Navigator pipeline has been canceled With only a handful of permitted locations the market is far from mature well permits and pipeline infrastructure would be the table legs to support the carbon industry


Question: Fahy '24

The market for carbon pipelines and storage is underdeveloped – federal permitting authority aligned with incentives is key to overcome investment uncertainties

Fahy ‘24 [Nina; Senior Energy Transition Specialist within the RaboResearch Energy Transition team, 7-17-2024, “The long haul to long-haul carbon dioxide pipeline development in the US,” https://www.rabobank.com/knowledge/d011434507-the-long-haul-to-long-haul-carbon-dioxide-pipeline-development-in-the-us]

challenges remain  in bringing projects to market lengthy Class VI permit approval is complex Wider commercialization  need infrastructure build-out Without transportation capture will be relegated to existing pipeline or storage anyone  outside those categories effectively sidelined long-haul pipelines are the most efficient way to scale the E P A ’s new power plant rules rely on carbon capture as a central pillar Biden asked Congress to provide federal authority in siting they are not effective in streamlining development issues have been acute enough that the Navigator pipeline has been canceled With only a handful of permitted locations the market is far from mature well permits and pipeline infrastructure would be the table legs to support the carbon industry


Question: carbon capture infrastructure

The market for carbon pipelines and storage is underdeveloped – federal permitting authority aligned with incentives is key to overcome investment uncertainties

Fahy ‘24 [Nina; Senior Energy Transition Specialist within the RaboResearch Energy Transition team, 7-17-2024, “The long haul to long-haul carbon dioxide pipeline development in the US,” https://www.rabobank.com/knowledge/d011434507-the-long-haul-to-long-haul-carbon-dioxide-pipeline-development-in-the-us]

challenges remain  in bringing projects to market lengthy Class VI permit approval is complex Wider commercialization  need infrastructure build-out Without transportation capture will be relegated to existing pipeline or storage anyone  outside those categories effectively sidelined long-haul pipelines are the most efficient way to scale the E P A ’s new power plant rules rely on carbon capture as a central pillar Biden asked Congress to provide federal authority in siting they are not effective in streamlining development issues have been acute enough that the Navigator pipeline has been canceled With only a handful of permitted locations the market is far from mature well permits and pipeline infrastructure would be the table legs to support the carbon industry


Question: market for carbon pipelines

The market for carbon pipelines and storage is underdeveloped – federal permitting authority aligned with incentives is key to overcome investment uncertainties

Fahy ‘24 [Nina; Senior Energy Transition Specialist within the RaboResearch Energy Transition team, 7-17-2024, “The long haul to long-haul carbon dioxide pipeline development in the US,” https://www.rabobank.com/knowledge/d011434507-the-long-haul-to-long-haul-carbon-dioxide-pipeline-development-in-the-us]

challenges remain  in bringing projects to market lengthy Class VI permit approval is complex Wider commercialization  need infrastructure build-out Without transportation capture will be relegated to existing pipeline or storage anyone  outside those categories effectively sidelined long-haul pipelines are the most efficient way to scale the E P A ’s new power plant rules rely on carbon capture as a central pillar Biden asked Congress to provide federal authority in siting they are not effective in streamlining development issues have been acute enough that the Navigator pipeline has been canceled With only a handful of permitted locations the market is far from mature well permits and pipeline infrastructure would be the table legs to support the carbon industry


Question: federal authority in siting

The market for carbon pipelines and storage is underdeveloped – federal permitting authority aligned with incentives is key to overcome investment uncertainties

Fahy ‘24 [Nina; Senior Energy Transition Specialist within the RaboResearch Energy Transition team, 7-17-2024, “The long haul to long-haul carbon dioxide pipeline development in the US,” https://www.rabobank.com/knowledge/d011434507-the-long-haul-to-long-haul-carbon-dioxide-pipeline-development-in-the-us]

challenges remain  in bringing projects to market lengthy Class VI permit approval is complex Wider commercialization  need infrastructure build-out Without transportation capture will be relegated to existing pipeline or storage anyone  outside those categories effectively sidelined long-haul pipelines are the most efficient way to scale the E P A ’s new power plant rules rely on carbon capture as a central pillar Biden asked Congress to provide federal authority in siting they are not effective in streamlining development issues have been acute enough that the Navigator pipeline has been canceled With only a handful of permitted locations the market is far from mature well permits and pipeline infrastructure would be the table legs to support the carbon industry


Question: Navigator pipeline canceled

The market for carbon pipelines and storage is underdeveloped – federal permitting authority aligned with incentives is key to overcome investment uncertainties

Fahy ‘24 [Nina; Senior Energy Transition Specialist within the RaboResearch Energy Transition team, 7-17-2024, “The long haul to long-haul carbon dioxide pipeline development in the US,” https://www.rabobank.com/knowledge/d011434507-the-long-haul-to-long-haul-carbon-dioxide-pipeline-development-in-the-us]

challenges remain  in bringing projects to market lengthy Class VI permit approval is complex Wider commercialization  need infrastructure build-out Without transportation capture will be relegated to existing pipeline or storage anyone  outside those categories effectively sidelined long-haul pipelines are the most efficient way to scale the E P A ’s new power plant rules rely on carbon capture as a central pillar Biden asked Congress to provide federal authority in siting they are not effective in streamlining development issues have been acute enough that the Navigator pipeline has been canceled With only a handful of permitted locations the market is far from mature well permits and pipeline infrastructure would be the table legs to support the carbon industry


Question: carbon capture EPA

The market for carbon pipelines and storage is underdeveloped – federal permitting authority aligned with incentives is key to overcome investment uncertainties

Fahy ‘24 [Nina; Senior Energy Transition Specialist within the RaboResearch Energy Transition team, 7-17-2024, “The long haul to long-haul carbon dioxide pipeline development in the US,” https://www.rabobank.com/knowledge/d011434507-the-long-haul-to-long-haul-carbon-dioxide-pipeline-development-in-the-us]

challenges remain  in bringing projects to market lengthy Class VI permit approval is complex Wider commercialization  need infrastructure build-out Without transportation capture will be relegated to existing pipeline or storage anyone  outside those categories effectively sidelined long-haul pipelines are the most efficient way to scale the E P A ’s new power plant rules rely on carbon capture as a central pillar Biden asked Congress to provide federal authority in siting they are not effective in streamlining development issues have been acute enough that the Navigator pipeline has been canceled With only a handful of permitted locations the market is far from mature well permits and pipeline infrastructure would be the table legs to support the carbon industry


Question: carbon industry needs infrastructure

The market for carbon pipelines and storage is underdeveloped – federal permitting authority aligned with incentives is key to overcome investment uncertainties

Fahy ‘24 [Nina; Senior Energy Transition Specialist within the RaboResearch Energy Transition team, 7-17-2024, “The long haul to long-haul carbon dioxide pipeline development in the US,” https://www.rabobank.com/knowledge/d011434507-the-long-haul-to-long-haul-carbon-dioxide-pipeline-development-in-the-us]

challenges remain  in bringing projects to market lengthy Class VI permit approval is complex Wider commercialization  need infrastructure build-out Without transportation capture will be relegated to existing pipeline or storage anyone  outside those categories effectively sidelined long-haul pipelines are the most efficient way to scale the E P A ’s new power plant rules rely on carbon capture as a central pillar Biden asked Congress to provide federal authority in siting they are not effective in streamlining development issues have been acute enough that the Navigator pipeline has been canceled With only a handful of permitted locations the market is far from mature well permits and pipeline infrastructure would be the table legs to support the carbon industry


Question: Economist model best

2. The Economists’ model is best.

The Economist 9-13, “Kamala Harris and Donald Trump are Neck and Neck”, 9/13/24, https://www.economist.com/interactive/us-2024-election/prediction-model/president

Our model is updated every day and combines polls with economic s we run 10,000  sim s Developed with scholars forecast combines polls data voting patterns and demographics constructing thousands of scenarios in each state and values biases The model is likely to generate closer probabilities


Question: The Economist Kamala Harris

2. The Economists’ model is best.

The Economist 9-13, “Kamala Harris and Donald Trump are Neck and Neck”, 9/13/24, https://www.economist.com/interactive/us-2024-election/prediction-model/president

Our model is updated every day and combines polls with economic s we run 10,000  sim s Developed with scholars forecast combines polls data voting patterns and demographics constructing thousands of scenarios in each state and values biases The model is likely to generate closer probabilities


Question: economist model update

2. The Economists’ model is best.

The Economist 9-13, “Kamala Harris and Donald Trump are Neck and Neck”, 9/13/24, https://www.economist.com/interactive/us-2024-election/prediction-model/president

Our model is updated every day and combines polls with economic s we run 10,000  sim s Developed with scholars forecast combines polls data voting patterns and demographics constructing thousands of scenarios in each state and values biases The model is likely to generate closer probabilities


Question: polls economics forecast

2. The Economists’ model is best.

The Economist 9-13, “Kamala Harris and Donald Trump are Neck and Neck”, 9/13/24, https://www.economist.com/interactive/us-2024-election/prediction-model/president

Our model is updated every day and combines polls with economic s we run 10,000  sim s Developed with scholars forecast combines polls data voting patterns and demographics constructing thousands of scenarios in each state and values biases The model is likely to generate closer probabilities


Question: The Economist prediction model

2. The Economists’ model is best.

The Economist 9-13, “Kamala Harris and Donald Trump are Neck and Neck”, 9/13/24, https://www.economist.com/interactive/us-2024-election/prediction-model/president

Our model is updated every day and combines polls with economic s we run 10,000  sim s Developed with scholars forecast combines polls data voting patterns and demographics constructing thousands of scenarios in each state and values biases The model is likely to generate closer probabilities


Question: polling data voting patterns

2. The Economists’ model is best.

The Economist 9-13, “Kamala Harris and Donald Trump are Neck and Neck”, 9/13/24, https://www.economist.com/interactive/us-2024-election/prediction-model/president

Our model is updated every day and combines polls with economic s we run 10,000  sim s Developed with scholars forecast combines polls data voting patterns and demographics constructing thousands of scenarios in each state and values biases The model is likely to generate closer probabilities


Question: Economist model is best

2. The Economists’ model is best.

The Economist 9-13, “Kamala Harris and Donald Trump are Neck and Neck”, 9/13/24, https://www.economist.com/interactive/us-2024-election/prediction-model/president

Our model is updated every day and combines polls with economic s we run 10,000  sim s Developed with scholars forecast combines polls data voting patterns and demographics constructing thousands of scenarios in each state and values biases The model is likely to generate closer probabilities


Question: USFG should means fiat

“USFG should” means the aff has the burden of defending hypothetical government action, AKA fiat.

Ericson 3 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)

in The U S should The verb means to put a policy into action though governmental means The entire debate is about whether something ought to occur What you agree to do when you accept the affirmative side is to offer sufficient and compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action humility , is understanding limits of our knowledge to engage in change-making , important to understand contradictions of our ways of knowing so we can engage without trying to project delusions we can’t create different system people want results straight away This is a replacement of securities that were promised by the other system We end up reproducing old system whether we like or not what we need is experimentation failure becomes fertilizer for something else in terms of learning it generates if you think this is a process from A to B you’re going to be frustrated if you understand there’s no end , and that the process is what you’re looking for joy that comes out then we are in very different footing to tackle crisis thinking about change vis-à-vis those who are next opens a different approach shift focus of our learning from outcomes to process helping journey rather than trying to replace  securities with same securities disguised as something else if we shift our ontological reality this open up possibilities are unimaginable at moment


Question: Ericson 3

“USFG should” means the aff has the burden of defending hypothetical government action, AKA fiat.

Ericson 3 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)

in The U S should The verb means to put a policy into action though governmental means The entire debate is about whether something ought to occur What you agree to do when you accept the affirmative side is to offer sufficient and compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action humility , is understanding limits of our knowledge to engage in change-making , important to understand contradictions of our ways of knowing so we can engage without trying to project delusions we can’t create different system people want results straight away This is a replacement of securities that were promised by the other system We end up reproducing old system whether we like or not what we need is experimentation failure becomes fertilizer for something else in terms of learning it generates if you think this is a process from A to B you’re going to be frustrated if you understand there’s no end , and that the process is what you’re looking for joy that comes out then we are in very different footing to tackle crisis thinking about change vis-à-vis those who are next opens a different approach shift focus of our learning from outcomes to process helping journey rather than trying to replace  securities with same securities disguised as something else if we shift our ontological reality this open up possibilities are unimaginable at moment