Question: aviation fuel domestically sourced

5. AIRCRAFT RANGE.

Alman ’22 [David; October 25; Officer and pilot in the Air National Guard, B.S. and M.S. in aerospace engineering; War on the Rocks, "Sustainable Aviation Fuel: Investing in the Future," https://warontherocks.com/2022/10/sustainable-aviation-fuel-investing-in-the-future/]

in the 30s 100 octane provided aircraft with significant advantage over competitors greater speed and climb rates Today another fuel to provide defense : s a f brings strategic benefits increased energy security and diplomatic victories changes in fuel prices adversely affect Defense Department aviation fuel can be domestically sourced , increasing control over production and pricing ability to construct fuel refineries in strategically relevant areas , like Hawaii U S has led the way could serve as a model for Europe with investments there is potential to produce more energy-dense fuel , increasing aircraft payload and range


Question: Abrupt policy responses inevitable

Abrupt policy responses are inevitable this decade.

Creon Butler. 23. Leads the Global Economy and Finance Programme at Chatham House, served in the UK Cabinet Office as director for international economic affairs in the National Security Secretariat and G7/G20 ‘sous sherpa’, and holds an MSc in Econometrics and Mathematical Economics from the London School of Economics. “Climate change threatens to cause the next economic mega-shock”. Chatham House. 7-20-23. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2023/07/climate-change-threatens-cause-next-economic-mega-shock

faced with extreme weather experienced this summer public opinion in key countries start demanding  more radical action from gov s resulting in extraordinary measures involve closure of entire industries political developments trigger more pessimistic reassessment of climate risk. foolhardy to predict precisely when scenario take effect financial markets embed developments several years ahead shock realistic possibility over next five years


Question: Creon Butler

Abrupt policy responses are inevitable this decade.

Creon Butler. 23. Leads the Global Economy and Finance Programme at Chatham House, served in the UK Cabinet Office as director for international economic affairs in the National Security Secretariat and G7/G20 ‘sous sherpa’, and holds an MSc in Econometrics and Mathematical Economics from the London School of Economics. “Climate change threatens to cause the next economic mega-shock”. Chatham House. 7-20-23. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2023/07/climate-change-threatens-cause-next-economic-mega-shock

faced with extreme weather experienced this summer public opinion in key countries start demanding  more radical action from gov s resulting in extraordinary measures involve closure of entire industries political developments trigger more pessimistic reassessment of climate risk. foolhardy to predict precisely when scenario take effect financial markets embed developments several years ahead shock realistic possibility over next five years


Question: Climate change mega-shock

Abrupt policy responses are inevitable this decade.

Creon Butler. 23. Leads the Global Economy and Finance Programme at Chatham House, served in the UK Cabinet Office as director for international economic affairs in the National Security Secretariat and G7/G20 ‘sous sherpa’, and holds an MSc in Econometrics and Mathematical Economics from the London School of Economics. “Climate change threatens to cause the next economic mega-shock”. Chatham House. 7-20-23. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2023/07/climate-change-threatens-cause-next-economic-mega-shock

faced with extreme weather experienced this summer public opinion in key countries start demanding  more radical action from gov s resulting in extraordinary measures involve closure of entire industries political developments trigger more pessimistic reassessment of climate risk. foolhardy to predict precisely when scenario take effect financial markets embed developments several years ahead shock realistic possibility over next five years


Question: radical climate action

Abrupt policy responses are inevitable this decade.

Creon Butler. 23. Leads the Global Economy and Finance Programme at Chatham House, served in the UK Cabinet Office as director for international economic affairs in the National Security Secretariat and G7/G20 ‘sous sherpa’, and holds an MSc in Econometrics and Mathematical Economics from the London School of Economics. “Climate change threatens to cause the next economic mega-shock”. Chatham House. 7-20-23. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2023/07/climate-change-threatens-cause-next-economic-mega-shock

faced with extreme weather experienced this summer public opinion in key countries start demanding  more radical action from gov s resulting in extraordinary measures involve closure of entire industries political developments trigger more pessimistic reassessment of climate risk. foolhardy to predict precisely when scenario take effect financial markets embed developments several years ahead shock realistic possibility over next five years


Question: climate risk reassessment

Abrupt policy responses are inevitable this decade.

Creon Butler. 23. Leads the Global Economy and Finance Programme at Chatham House, served in the UK Cabinet Office as director for international economic affairs in the National Security Secretariat and G7/G20 ‘sous sherpa’, and holds an MSc in Econometrics and Mathematical Economics from the London School of Economics. “Climate change threatens to cause the next economic mega-shock”. Chatham House. 7-20-23. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2023/07/climate-change-threatens-cause-next-economic-mega-shock

faced with extreme weather experienced this summer public opinion in key countries start demanding  more radical action from gov s resulting in extraordinary measures involve closure of entire industries political developments trigger more pessimistic reassessment of climate risk. foolhardy to predict precisely when scenario take effect financial markets embed developments several years ahead shock realistic possibility over next five years


Question: extreme weather policy responses

Abrupt policy responses are inevitable this decade.

Creon Butler. 23. Leads the Global Economy and Finance Programme at Chatham House, served in the UK Cabinet Office as director for international economic affairs in the National Security Secretariat and G7/G20 ‘sous sherpa’, and holds an MSc in Econometrics and Mathematical Economics from the London School of Economics. “Climate change threatens to cause the next economic mega-shock”. Chatham House. 7-20-23. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2023/07/climate-change-threatens-cause-next-economic-mega-shock

faced with extreme weather experienced this summer public opinion in key countries start demanding  more radical action from gov s resulting in extraordinary measures involve closure of entire industries political developments trigger more pessimistic reassessment of climate risk. foolhardy to predict precisely when scenario take effect financial markets embed developments several years ahead shock realistic possibility over next five years


Question: Fuel producers generate credits

2. COMPETITION---Fuel producers that exceed their obligations generate credits which can be sold, generating additional market signals and allowing them to outcompete other producers.

Soubly ’21 [Kevin Soubly, Lauren Uppink Calderwood, Christoph Wolff, Ned Harvey, Adam Klauber, Kathy Wight, Joukje Janssen, Milou Keijzer, Marcus Looijenga, Tim Miltenburg, Amelia Ransome; June; master's degree in environmental management from the University of Oxford and a bachelor's degree in political science and international studies from Hope College; Head of Aviation, Travel and Tourism Industries, World Economic Forum, MPhil in Development Policy and Practice from the University of Cape Town Mandela School of Government and is a fellow of both the World Economic Forum Global Leadership Fellowship and Young African Leadership Initiative; founders of the World Economic Forum's Clean Skies for Tomorrow Coalition; former Managing Director at Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) with the Climate Intelligence program; Vice President of Sustainability and Digital Supply Chain at World Energy; World Economic Forum, “Powering Sustainable Aviation Through Consumer Demand: The Clean Skies for Tomorrow Sustainable Aviation Fuel Certificate (SAFc) Framework,”https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_CST_SAFc_Demand_Signal_Report_2021.pdf ]

SAFc fuel producer generates SAF sell SAF buyer claim reduction address deadlock  limiting  SAF. results in low SAFc catalyses additional demand generating new funding market demand signals  drive investment


Question: Soubly '21

2. COMPETITION---Fuel producers that exceed their obligations generate credits which can be sold, generating additional market signals and allowing them to outcompete other producers.

Soubly ’21 [Kevin Soubly, Lauren Uppink Calderwood, Christoph Wolff, Ned Harvey, Adam Klauber, Kathy Wight, Joukje Janssen, Milou Keijzer, Marcus Looijenga, Tim Miltenburg, Amelia Ransome; June; master's degree in environmental management from the University of Oxford and a bachelor's degree in political science and international studies from Hope College; Head of Aviation, Travel and Tourism Industries, World Economic Forum, MPhil in Development Policy and Practice from the University of Cape Town Mandela School of Government and is a fellow of both the World Economic Forum Global Leadership Fellowship and Young African Leadership Initiative; founders of the World Economic Forum's Clean Skies for Tomorrow Coalition; former Managing Director at Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) with the Climate Intelligence program; Vice President of Sustainability and Digital Supply Chain at World Energy; World Economic Forum, “Powering Sustainable Aviation Through Consumer Demand: The Clean Skies for Tomorrow Sustainable Aviation Fuel Certificate (SAFc) Framework,”https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_CST_SAFc_Demand_Signal_Report_2021.pdf ]

SAFc fuel producer generates SAF sell SAF buyer claim reduction address deadlock  limiting  SAF. results in low SAFc catalyses additional demand generating new funding market demand signals  drive investment


Question: SAFc fuel producer

2. COMPETITION---Fuel producers that exceed their obligations generate credits which can be sold, generating additional market signals and allowing them to outcompete other producers.

Soubly ’21 [Kevin Soubly, Lauren Uppink Calderwood, Christoph Wolff, Ned Harvey, Adam Klauber, Kathy Wight, Joukje Janssen, Milou Keijzer, Marcus Looijenga, Tim Miltenburg, Amelia Ransome; June; master's degree in environmental management from the University of Oxford and a bachelor's degree in political science and international studies from Hope College; Head of Aviation, Travel and Tourism Industries, World Economic Forum, MPhil in Development Policy and Practice from the University of Cape Town Mandela School of Government and is a fellow of both the World Economic Forum Global Leadership Fellowship and Young African Leadership Initiative; founders of the World Economic Forum's Clean Skies for Tomorrow Coalition; former Managing Director at Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) with the Climate Intelligence program; Vice President of Sustainability and Digital Supply Chain at World Energy; World Economic Forum, “Powering Sustainable Aviation Through Consumer Demand: The Clean Skies for Tomorrow Sustainable Aviation Fuel Certificate (SAFc) Framework,”https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_CST_SAFc_Demand_Signal_Report_2021.pdf ]

SAFc fuel producer generates SAF sell SAF buyer claim reduction address deadlock  limiting  SAF. results in low SAFc catalyses additional demand generating new funding market demand signals  drive investment


Question: competition SAF

2. COMPETITION---Fuel producers that exceed their obligations generate credits which can be sold, generating additional market signals and allowing them to outcompete other producers.

Soubly ’21 [Kevin Soubly, Lauren Uppink Calderwood, Christoph Wolff, Ned Harvey, Adam Klauber, Kathy Wight, Joukje Janssen, Milou Keijzer, Marcus Looijenga, Tim Miltenburg, Amelia Ransome; June; master's degree in environmental management from the University of Oxford and a bachelor's degree in political science and international studies from Hope College; Head of Aviation, Travel and Tourism Industries, World Economic Forum, MPhil in Development Policy and Practice from the University of Cape Town Mandela School of Government and is a fellow of both the World Economic Forum Global Leadership Fellowship and Young African Leadership Initiative; founders of the World Economic Forum's Clean Skies for Tomorrow Coalition; former Managing Director at Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) with the Climate Intelligence program; Vice President of Sustainability and Digital Supply Chain at World Energy; World Economic Forum, “Powering Sustainable Aviation Through Consumer Demand: The Clean Skies for Tomorrow Sustainable Aviation Fuel Certificate (SAFc) Framework,”https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_CST_SAFc_Demand_Signal_Report_2021.pdf ]

SAFc fuel producer generates SAF sell SAF buyer claim reduction address deadlock  limiting  SAF. results in low SAFc catalyses additional demand generating new funding market demand signals  drive investment


Question: market signals

2. COMPETITION---Fuel producers that exceed their obligations generate credits which can be sold, generating additional market signals and allowing them to outcompete other producers.

Soubly ’21 [Kevin Soubly, Lauren Uppink Calderwood, Christoph Wolff, Ned Harvey, Adam Klauber, Kathy Wight, Joukje Janssen, Milou Keijzer, Marcus Looijenga, Tim Miltenburg, Amelia Ransome; June; master's degree in environmental management from the University of Oxford and a bachelor's degree in political science and international studies from Hope College; Head of Aviation, Travel and Tourism Industries, World Economic Forum, MPhil in Development Policy and Practice from the University of Cape Town Mandela School of Government and is a fellow of both the World Economic Forum Global Leadership Fellowship and Young African Leadership Initiative; founders of the World Economic Forum's Clean Skies for Tomorrow Coalition; former Managing Director at Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) with the Climate Intelligence program; Vice President of Sustainability and Digital Supply Chain at World Energy; World Economic Forum, “Powering Sustainable Aviation Through Consumer Demand: The Clean Skies for Tomorrow Sustainable Aviation Fuel Certificate (SAFc) Framework,”https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_CST_SAFc_Demand_Signal_Report_2021.pdf ]

SAFc fuel producer generates SAF sell SAF buyer claim reduction address deadlock  limiting  SAF. results in low SAFc catalyses additional demand generating new funding market demand signals  drive investment


Question: outcompete producers

2. COMPETITION---Fuel producers that exceed their obligations generate credits which can be sold, generating additional market signals and allowing them to outcompete other producers.

Soubly ’21 [Kevin Soubly, Lauren Uppink Calderwood, Christoph Wolff, Ned Harvey, Adam Klauber, Kathy Wight, Joukje Janssen, Milou Keijzer, Marcus Looijenga, Tim Miltenburg, Amelia Ransome; June; master's degree in environmental management from the University of Oxford and a bachelor's degree in political science and international studies from Hope College; Head of Aviation, Travel and Tourism Industries, World Economic Forum, MPhil in Development Policy and Practice from the University of Cape Town Mandela School of Government and is a fellow of both the World Economic Forum Global Leadership Fellowship and Young African Leadership Initiative; founders of the World Economic Forum's Clean Skies for Tomorrow Coalition; former Managing Director at Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) with the Climate Intelligence program; Vice President of Sustainability and Digital Supply Chain at World Energy; World Economic Forum, “Powering Sustainable Aviation Through Consumer Demand: The Clean Skies for Tomorrow Sustainable Aviation Fuel Certificate (SAFc) Framework,”https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_CST_SAFc_Demand_Signal_Report_2021.pdf ]

SAFc fuel producer generates SAF sell SAF buyer claim reduction address deadlock  limiting  SAF. results in low SAFc catalyses additional demand generating new funding market demand signals  drive investment


Question: sustainable aviation fuel

2. COMPETITION---Fuel producers that exceed their obligations generate credits which can be sold, generating additional market signals and allowing them to outcompete other producers.

Soubly ’21 [Kevin Soubly, Lauren Uppink Calderwood, Christoph Wolff, Ned Harvey, Adam Klauber, Kathy Wight, Joukje Janssen, Milou Keijzer, Marcus Looijenga, Tim Miltenburg, Amelia Ransome; June; master's degree in environmental management from the University of Oxford and a bachelor's degree in political science and international studies from Hope College; Head of Aviation, Travel and Tourism Industries, World Economic Forum, MPhil in Development Policy and Practice from the University of Cape Town Mandela School of Government and is a fellow of both the World Economic Forum Global Leadership Fellowship and Young African Leadership Initiative; founders of the World Economic Forum's Clean Skies for Tomorrow Coalition; former Managing Director at Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) with the Climate Intelligence program; Vice President of Sustainability and Digital Supply Chain at World Energy; World Economic Forum, “Powering Sustainable Aviation Through Consumer Demand: The Clean Skies for Tomorrow Sustainable Aviation Fuel Certificate (SAFc) Framework,”https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_CST_SAFc_Demand_Signal_Report_2021.pdf ]

SAFc fuel producer generates SAF sell SAF buyer claim reduction address deadlock  limiting  SAF. results in low SAFc catalyses additional demand generating new funding market demand signals  drive investment


Question: Bargaining solves opposition

Bargaining. Perm vaporizes opposition both by preempting the condition AND aligning the states with the fed.

Elizabeth Leonard 10. Professor of Law at the University of Kansas and Visiting Professor of Law at the University of Georgia, J.D. from the University of Georgia; Hofstra Law Review, “Rhetorical Federalism: The Value of State-Based Dissent to Federal Health Reform,” vol. 39

Uncoop suggests states actively refuse states should either serve as rivals or allies the affirmative case for challengers recognizes value of friction and jarring Coop by contrast , envisions working together Friction fosters dialogue accountability participation Uncoop prefers ongoing conflict sparking beneficial resistance But if states freely decline little remains while states that bargain have objections appeased


Question: Leonard 10

Bargaining. Perm vaporizes opposition both by preempting the condition AND aligning the states with the fed.

Elizabeth Leonard 10. Professor of Law at the University of Kansas and Visiting Professor of Law at the University of Georgia, J.D. from the University of Georgia; Hofstra Law Review, “Rhetorical Federalism: The Value of State-Based Dissent to Federal Health Reform,” vol. 39

Uncoop suggests states actively refuse states should either serve as rivals or allies the affirmative case for challengers recognizes value of friction and jarring Coop by contrast , envisions working together Friction fosters dialogue accountability participation Uncoop prefers ongoing conflict sparking beneficial resistance But if states freely decline little remains while states that bargain have objections appeased


Question: Elizabeth Leonard

Bargaining. Perm vaporizes opposition both by preempting the condition AND aligning the states with the fed.

Elizabeth Leonard 10. Professor of Law at the University of Kansas and Visiting Professor of Law at the University of Georgia, J.D. from the University of Georgia; Hofstra Law Review, “Rhetorical Federalism: The Value of State-Based Dissent to Federal Health Reform,” vol. 39

Uncoop suggests states actively refuse states should either serve as rivals or allies the affirmative case for challengers recognizes value of friction and jarring Coop by contrast , envisions working together Friction fosters dialogue accountability participation Uncoop prefers ongoing conflict sparking beneficial resistance But if states freely decline little remains while states that bargain have objections appeased


Question: Bargaining aligns states with fed

Bargaining. Perm vaporizes opposition both by preempting the condition AND aligning the states with the fed.

Elizabeth Leonard 10. Professor of Law at the University of Kansas and Visiting Professor of Law at the University of Georgia, J.D. from the University of Georgia; Hofstra Law Review, “Rhetorical Federalism: The Value of State-Based Dissent to Federal Health Reform,” vol. 39

Uncoop suggests states actively refuse states should either serve as rivals or allies the affirmative case for challengers recognizes value of friction and jarring Coop by contrast , envisions working together Friction fosters dialogue accountability participation Uncoop prefers ongoing conflict sparking beneficial resistance But if states freely decline little remains while states that bargain have objections appeased


Question: states freely decline

Bargaining. Perm vaporizes opposition both by preempting the condition AND aligning the states with the fed.

Elizabeth Leonard 10. Professor of Law at the University of Kansas and Visiting Professor of Law at the University of Georgia, J.D. from the University of Georgia; Hofstra Law Review, “Rhetorical Federalism: The Value of State-Based Dissent to Federal Health Reform,” vol. 39

Uncoop suggests states actively refuse states should either serve as rivals or allies the affirmative case for challengers recognizes value of friction and jarring Coop by contrast , envisions working together Friction fosters dialogue accountability participation Uncoop prefers ongoing conflict sparking beneficial resistance But if states freely decline little remains while states that bargain have objections appeased


Question: Rhetorical Federalism

Bargaining. Perm vaporizes opposition both by preempting the condition AND aligning the states with the fed.

Elizabeth Leonard 10. Professor of Law at the University of Kansas and Visiting Professor of Law at the University of Georgia, J.D. from the University of Georgia; Hofstra Law Review, “Rhetorical Federalism: The Value of State-Based Dissent to Federal Health Reform,” vol. 39

Uncoop suggests states actively refuse states should either serve as rivals or allies the affirmative case for challengers recognizes value of friction and jarring Coop by contrast , envisions working together Friction fosters dialogue accountability participation Uncoop prefers ongoing conflict sparking beneficial resistance But if states freely decline little remains while states that bargain have objections appeased


Question: states bargain objections appeased

Bargaining. Perm vaporizes opposition both by preempting the condition AND aligning the states with the fed.

Elizabeth Leonard 10. Professor of Law at the University of Kansas and Visiting Professor of Law at the University of Georgia, J.D. from the University of Georgia; Hofstra Law Review, “Rhetorical Federalism: The Value of State-Based Dissent to Federal Health Reform,” vol. 39

Uncoop suggests states actively refuse states should either serve as rivals or allies the affirmative case for challengers recognizes value of friction and jarring Coop by contrast , envisions working together Friction fosters dialogue accountability participation Uncoop prefers ongoing conflict sparking beneficial resistance But if states freely decline little remains while states that bargain have objections appeased


Question: plan must enumerate its actor

That means the plan must enumerate its actor as one of the three branches.

Matheson ’21 [Scott Milne; December 8; Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit; Lexis, “United States v. Muhtorov, 2021” 36170]

Constitution divide the powers of the f g into three defined categories , legislative , executive and judicial


Question: Matheson 21

That means the plan must enumerate its actor as one of the three branches.

Matheson ’21 [Scott Milne; December 8; Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit; Lexis, “United States v. Muhtorov, 2021” 36170]

Constitution divide the powers of the f g into three defined categories , legislative , executive and judicial


Question: three branches of government

That means the plan must enumerate its actor as one of the three branches.

Matheson ’21 [Scott Milne; December 8; Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit; Lexis, “United States v. Muhtorov, 2021” 36170]

Constitution divide the powers of the f g into three defined categories , legislative , executive and judicial


Question: legislative executive judicial

That means the plan must enumerate its actor as one of the three branches.

Matheson ’21 [Scott Milne; December 8; Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit; Lexis, “United States v. Muhtorov, 2021” 36170]

Constitution divide the powers of the f g into three defined categories , legislative , executive and judicial


Question: powers of the federal government

That means the plan must enumerate its actor as one of the three branches.

Matheson ’21 [Scott Milne; December 8; Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit; Lexis, “United States v. Muhtorov, 2021” 36170]

Constitution divide the powers of the f g into three defined categories , legislative , executive and judicial


Question: Companies subvert rules carbon price insufficient

1---Companies subvert rules and the price on carbon isn’t sufficient.

Lisa Song '19—Lisa Song reports @ ProPublica on the environment, energy and climate change, 11-15-2019, "Cap and Trade Is Supposed to Solve Climate Change, but Oil and Gas Company Emissions Are Up," ProPublica, https://www.propublica.org/article/cap-and-trade-is-supposed-to-solve-climate-change-but-oil-and-gas-company-emissions-are-up, accessed 8-21-2024///teacs.

Cap and trade isn’t designed to hold company accountable treats polluting facility as  if in group project entire state gets A , despite slackers government report concluded cap not having  any , effect on overall emissions reductions could attributed to 2008  recession renewable energy even  after state met benchmark estimates responsible for only 4% of state’s reductions difficult to have any faith in projections board hasn’t provided quantifiable evidence clear can mask increases It low-hanging fruit , pollution from in state power generation increased most facilities increased  average  emissions within California companies buy permits and bank them by end of 2018, companies banked 200 million permits as many tons of CO₂ as total reductions expected from 2021 to 2030. Studies raise serious questions  about  whether offsets canceling out emissions underestimating how protecting one patch of forest pushes logging into other forests. price of carbon accepted wisdom $40 a ton far from sufficient China (and India) aren’t interested putting unnecessary cost on Americans cost of taxes  can be significant higher prices  undermine benefits, placing  a heavier burden on  those least able to afford it increase energy costs $300 annually Countries have seen mixed results reductions have been  minimal growth has been hampered policies result  in job losses  and decreased competitiveness France’s led  to disruption and  economic challenges


Question: Lisa Song 19

1---Companies subvert rules and the price on carbon isn’t sufficient.

Lisa Song '19—Lisa Song reports @ ProPublica on the environment, energy and climate change, 11-15-2019, "Cap and Trade Is Supposed to Solve Climate Change, but Oil and Gas Company Emissions Are Up," ProPublica, https://www.propublica.org/article/cap-and-trade-is-supposed-to-solve-climate-change-but-oil-and-gas-company-emissions-are-up, accessed 8-21-2024///teacs.

Cap and trade isn’t designed to hold company accountable treats polluting facility as  if in group project entire state gets A , despite slackers government report concluded cap not having  any , effect on overall emissions reductions could attributed to 2008  recession renewable energy even  after state met benchmark estimates responsible for only 4% of state’s reductions difficult to have any faith in projections board hasn’t provided quantifiable evidence clear can mask increases It low-hanging fruit , pollution from in state power generation increased most facilities increased  average  emissions within California companies buy permits and bank them by end of 2018, companies banked 200 million permits as many tons of CO₂ as total reductions expected from 2021 to 2030. Studies raise serious questions  about  whether offsets canceling out emissions underestimating how protecting one patch of forest pushes logging into other forests. price of carbon accepted wisdom $40 a ton far from sufficient China (and India) aren’t interested putting unnecessary cost on Americans cost of taxes  can be significant higher prices  undermine benefits, placing  a heavier burden on  those least able to afford it increase energy costs $300 annually Countries have seen mixed results reductions have been  minimal growth has been hampered policies result  in job losses  and decreased competitiveness France’s led  to disruption and  economic challenges


Question: Cap and trade ineffective

1---Companies subvert rules and the price on carbon isn’t sufficient.

Lisa Song '19—Lisa Song reports @ ProPublica on the environment, energy and climate change, 11-15-2019, "Cap and Trade Is Supposed to Solve Climate Change, but Oil and Gas Company Emissions Are Up," ProPublica, https://www.propublica.org/article/cap-and-trade-is-supposed-to-solve-climate-change-but-oil-and-gas-company-emissions-are-up, accessed 8-21-2024///teacs.

Cap and trade isn’t designed to hold company accountable treats polluting facility as  if in group project entire state gets A , despite slackers government report concluded cap not having  any , effect on overall emissions reductions could attributed to 2008  recession renewable energy even  after state met benchmark estimates responsible for only 4% of state’s reductions difficult to have any faith in projections board hasn’t provided quantifiable evidence clear can mask increases It low-hanging fruit , pollution from in state power generation increased most facilities increased  average  emissions within California companies buy permits and bank them by end of 2018, companies banked 200 million permits as many tons of CO₂ as total reductions expected from 2021 to 2030. Studies raise serious questions  about  whether offsets canceling out emissions underestimating how protecting one patch of forest pushes logging into other forests. price of carbon accepted wisdom $40 a ton far from sufficient China (and India) aren’t interested putting unnecessary cost on Americans cost of taxes  can be significant higher prices  undermine benefits, placing  a heavier burden on  those least able to afford it increase energy costs $300 annually Countries have seen mixed results reductions have been  minimal growth has been hampered policies result  in job losses  and decreased competitiveness France’s led  to disruption and  economic challenges


Question: carbon price not sufficient

1---Companies subvert rules and the price on carbon isn’t sufficient.

Lisa Song '19—Lisa Song reports @ ProPublica on the environment, energy and climate change, 11-15-2019, "Cap and Trade Is Supposed to Solve Climate Change, but Oil and Gas Company Emissions Are Up," ProPublica, https://www.propublica.org/article/cap-and-trade-is-supposed-to-solve-climate-change-but-oil-and-gas-company-emissions-are-up, accessed 8-21-2024///teacs.

Cap and trade isn’t designed to hold company accountable treats polluting facility as  if in group project entire state gets A , despite slackers government report concluded cap not having  any , effect on overall emissions reductions could attributed to 2008  recession renewable energy even  after state met benchmark estimates responsible for only 4% of state’s reductions difficult to have any faith in projections board hasn’t provided quantifiable evidence clear can mask increases It low-hanging fruit , pollution from in state power generation increased most facilities increased  average  emissions within California companies buy permits and bank them by end of 2018, companies banked 200 million permits as many tons of CO₂ as total reductions expected from 2021 to 2030. Studies raise serious questions  about  whether offsets canceling out emissions underestimating how protecting one patch of forest pushes logging into other forests. price of carbon accepted wisdom $40 a ton far from sufficient China (and India) aren’t interested putting unnecessary cost on Americans cost of taxes  can be significant higher prices  undermine benefits, placing  a heavier burden on  those least able to afford it increase energy costs $300 annually Countries have seen mixed results reductions have been  minimal growth has been hampered policies result  in job losses  and decreased competitiveness France’s led  to disruption and  economic challenges


Question: offsets increase logging

1---Companies subvert rules and the price on carbon isn’t sufficient.

Lisa Song '19—Lisa Song reports @ ProPublica on the environment, energy and climate change, 11-15-2019, "Cap and Trade Is Supposed to Solve Climate Change, but Oil and Gas Company Emissions Are Up," ProPublica, https://www.propublica.org/article/cap-and-trade-is-supposed-to-solve-climate-change-but-oil-and-gas-company-emissions-are-up, accessed 8-21-2024///teacs.

Cap and trade isn’t designed to hold company accountable treats polluting facility as  if in group project entire state gets A , despite slackers government report concluded cap not having  any , effect on overall emissions reductions could attributed to 2008  recession renewable energy even  after state met benchmark estimates responsible for only 4% of state’s reductions difficult to have any faith in projections board hasn’t provided quantifiable evidence clear can mask increases It low-hanging fruit , pollution from in state power generation increased most facilities increased  average  emissions within California companies buy permits and bank them by end of 2018, companies banked 200 million permits as many tons of CO₂ as total reductions expected from 2021 to 2030. Studies raise serious questions  about  whether offsets canceling out emissions underestimating how protecting one patch of forest pushes logging into other forests. price of carbon accepted wisdom $40 a ton far from sufficient China (and India) aren’t interested putting unnecessary cost on Americans cost of taxes  can be significant higher prices  undermine benefits, placing  a heavier burden on  those least able to afford it increase energy costs $300 annually Countries have seen mixed results reductions have been  minimal growth has been hampered policies result  in job losses  and decreased competitiveness France’s led  to disruption and  economic challenges


Question: cap and trade not accountable

1---Companies subvert rules and the price on carbon isn’t sufficient.

Lisa Song '19—Lisa Song reports @ ProPublica on the environment, energy and climate change, 11-15-2019, "Cap and Trade Is Supposed to Solve Climate Change, but Oil and Gas Company Emissions Are Up," ProPublica, https://www.propublica.org/article/cap-and-trade-is-supposed-to-solve-climate-change-but-oil-and-gas-company-emissions-are-up, accessed 8-21-2024///teacs.

Cap and trade isn’t designed to hold company accountable treats polluting facility as  if in group project entire state gets A , despite slackers government report concluded cap not having  any , effect on overall emissions reductions could attributed to 2008  recession renewable energy even  after state met benchmark estimates responsible for only 4% of state’s reductions difficult to have any faith in projections board hasn’t provided quantifiable evidence clear can mask increases It low-hanging fruit , pollution from in state power generation increased most facilities increased  average  emissions within California companies buy permits and bank them by end of 2018, companies banked 200 million permits as many tons of CO₂ as total reductions expected from 2021 to 2030. Studies raise serious questions  about  whether offsets canceling out emissions underestimating how protecting one patch of forest pushes logging into other forests. price of carbon accepted wisdom $40 a ton far from sufficient China (and India) aren’t interested putting unnecessary cost on Americans cost of taxes  can be significant higher prices  undermine benefits, placing  a heavier burden on  those least able to afford it increase energy costs $300 annually Countries have seen mixed results reductions have been  minimal growth has been hampered policies result  in job losses  and decreased competitiveness France’s led  to disruption and  economic challenges


Question: companies bank permits

1---Companies subvert rules and the price on carbon isn’t sufficient.

Lisa Song '19—Lisa Song reports @ ProPublica on the environment, energy and climate change, 11-15-2019, "Cap and Trade Is Supposed to Solve Climate Change, but Oil and Gas Company Emissions Are Up," ProPublica, https://www.propublica.org/article/cap-and-trade-is-supposed-to-solve-climate-change-but-oil-and-gas-company-emissions-are-up, accessed 8-21-2024///teacs.

Cap and trade isn’t designed to hold company accountable treats polluting facility as  if in group project entire state gets A , despite slackers government report concluded cap not having  any , effect on overall emissions reductions could attributed to 2008  recession renewable energy even  after state met benchmark estimates responsible for only 4% of state’s reductions difficult to have any faith in projections board hasn’t provided quantifiable evidence clear can mask increases It low-hanging fruit , pollution from in state power generation increased most facilities increased  average  emissions within California companies buy permits and bank them by end of 2018, companies banked 200 million permits as many tons of CO₂ as total reductions expected from 2021 to 2030. Studies raise serious questions  about  whether offsets canceling out emissions underestimating how protecting one patch of forest pushes logging into other forests. price of carbon accepted wisdom $40 a ton far from sufficient China (and India) aren’t interested putting unnecessary cost on Americans cost of taxes  can be significant higher prices  undermine benefits, placing  a heavier burden on  those least able to afford it increase energy costs $300 annually Countries have seen mixed results reductions have been  minimal growth has been hampered policies result  in job losses  and decreased competitiveness France’s led  to disruption and  economic challenges


Question: cap and trade job losses

1---Companies subvert rules and the price on carbon isn’t sufficient.

Lisa Song '19—Lisa Song reports @ ProPublica on the environment, energy and climate change, 11-15-2019, "Cap and Trade Is Supposed to Solve Climate Change, but Oil and Gas Company Emissions Are Up," ProPublica, https://www.propublica.org/article/cap-and-trade-is-supposed-to-solve-climate-change-but-oil-and-gas-company-emissions-are-up, accessed 8-21-2024///teacs.

Cap and trade isn’t designed to hold company accountable treats polluting facility as  if in group project entire state gets A , despite slackers government report concluded cap not having  any , effect on overall emissions reductions could attributed to 2008  recession renewable energy even  after state met benchmark estimates responsible for only 4% of state’s reductions difficult to have any faith in projections board hasn’t provided quantifiable evidence clear can mask increases It low-hanging fruit , pollution from in state power generation increased most facilities increased  average  emissions within California companies buy permits and bank them by end of 2018, companies banked 200 million permits as many tons of CO₂ as total reductions expected from 2021 to 2030. Studies raise serious questions  about  whether offsets canceling out emissions underestimating how protecting one patch of forest pushes logging into other forests. price of carbon accepted wisdom $40 a ton far from sufficient China (and India) aren’t interested putting unnecessary cost on Americans cost of taxes  can be significant higher prices  undermine benefits, placing  a heavier burden on  those least able to afford it increase energy costs $300 annually Countries have seen mixed results reductions have been  minimal growth has been hampered policies result  in job losses  and decreased competitiveness France’s led  to disruption and  economic challenges


Question: We are the fed

We’re the Fed!

Bryan Hamerschlag JD Candidate @ UT ’22 A "Green New Fed": How the Federal Reserve's Existing Legal Powers Could Allow It to Take Action on Climate Change, 100 TEX. L. REV. 577 p. 584-585

The Federal Reserve is the government-operated bank for banks The Federal Reserve System is an agency within the U.S. government it falls under the Executive Yancy must stay alert to the fact that a common culture, or shared experiences of having the same language, is not a sufficient condition for claiming there exists, among African Americans , some common ontology this very premise grounds Yancy's notion about how African American language is foundational to the construction of a new metaphilosophy only on the presupposition that the African American community is socially homogeneous can it plausibly be argued that African Americans all share the same ontology there is no plausible warranting for the belief that all African Americans share a common ontology vindicationism neglects a very important aspect of the historical dialectic of African American culture There is more to African American history than resistance to oppression not all African Americans sang the spirituals with an eye to joining the Underground Railroad the failure of Prosser's Vesey's, and Turner's slave insurrections were due in part to other slaves that were more loyal to Massa than liberation The idea that social ontology and identity among African Americans, past and present, are preeminently the same for all is the sort of reductionism that flattens out the cultural, social, political, and ideological landscape called African American culture . black reason risks essentializing blackness . It particularizes by turning it into a concrete form of black essence Blackness becomes a unique intrinsic property that all black people share like a blood type and cordage that binds them all together Is this not the very narrative against which centuries of struggle have been waged this idea homogenizes, generalizes or universalizes blackness as a common experience shared by all black people can we say that black reason is the same in the USA, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba and all the way to Zimbabwe? Blackness is a fragmented notion that is now difficult to piece together into one single homogeneous experience Mbembe has the tendency to make free-flowing assertions that are left hanging in the air, sometimes dense and cryptic, where the reader itches for them to be pricked with his critical pin slaves’ history – like all human history – was made not only by what was done to them but also by what they did for themselves rich, positive black ontology forms a significant part of black reason and is a story that is also worth telling, not simply as an adjunct to the story of woes .


Question: Bryan Hamerschlag

We’re the Fed!

Bryan Hamerschlag JD Candidate @ UT ’22 A "Green New Fed": How the Federal Reserve's Existing Legal Powers Could Allow It to Take Action on Climate Change, 100 TEX. L. REV. 577 p. 584-585

The Federal Reserve is the government-operated bank for banks The Federal Reserve System is an agency within the U.S. government it falls under the Executive Yancy must stay alert to the fact that a common culture, or shared experiences of having the same language, is not a sufficient condition for claiming there exists, among African Americans , some common ontology this very premise grounds Yancy's notion about how African American language is foundational to the construction of a new metaphilosophy only on the presupposition that the African American community is socially homogeneous can it plausibly be argued that African Americans all share the same ontology there is no plausible warranting for the belief that all African Americans share a common ontology vindicationism neglects a very important aspect of the historical dialectic of African American culture There is more to African American history than resistance to oppression not all African Americans sang the spirituals with an eye to joining the Underground Railroad the failure of Prosser's Vesey's, and Turner's slave insurrections were due in part to other slaves that were more loyal to Massa than liberation The idea that social ontology and identity among African Americans, past and present, are preeminently the same for all is the sort of reductionism that flattens out the cultural, social, political, and ideological landscape called African American culture . black reason risks essentializing blackness . It particularizes by turning it into a concrete form of black essence Blackness becomes a unique intrinsic property that all black people share like a blood type and cordage that binds them all together Is this not the very narrative against which centuries of struggle have been waged this idea homogenizes, generalizes or universalizes blackness as a common experience shared by all black people can we say that black reason is the same in the USA, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba and all the way to Zimbabwe? Blackness is a fragmented notion that is now difficult to piece together into one single homogeneous experience Mbembe has the tendency to make free-flowing assertions that are left hanging in the air, sometimes dense and cryptic, where the reader itches for them to be pricked with his critical pin slaves’ history – like all human history – was made not only by what was done to them but also by what they did for themselves rich, positive black ontology forms a significant part of black reason and is a story that is also worth telling, not simply as an adjunct to the story of woes .


Question: Federal reserve is government operated bank

We’re the Fed!

Bryan Hamerschlag JD Candidate @ UT ’22 A "Green New Fed": How the Federal Reserve's Existing Legal Powers Could Allow It to Take Action on Climate Change, 100 TEX. L. REV. 577 p. 584-585

The Federal Reserve is the government-operated bank for banks The Federal Reserve System is an agency within the U.S. government it falls under the Executive Yancy must stay alert to the fact that a common culture, or shared experiences of having the same language, is not a sufficient condition for claiming there exists, among African Americans , some common ontology this very premise grounds Yancy's notion about how African American language is foundational to the construction of a new metaphilosophy only on the presupposition that the African American community is socially homogeneous can it plausibly be argued that African Americans all share the same ontology there is no plausible warranting for the belief that all African Americans share a common ontology vindicationism neglects a very important aspect of the historical dialectic of African American culture There is more to African American history than resistance to oppression not all African Americans sang the spirituals with an eye to joining the Underground Railroad the failure of Prosser's Vesey's, and Turner's slave insurrections were due in part to other slaves that were more loyal to Massa than liberation The idea that social ontology and identity among African Americans, past and present, are preeminently the same for all is the sort of reductionism that flattens out the cultural, social, political, and ideological landscape called African American culture . black reason risks essentializing blackness . It particularizes by turning it into a concrete form of black essence Blackness becomes a unique intrinsic property that all black people share like a blood type and cordage that binds them all together Is this not the very narrative against which centuries of struggle have been waged this idea homogenizes, generalizes or universalizes blackness as a common experience shared by all black people can we say that black reason is the same in the USA, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba and all the way to Zimbabwe? Blackness is a fragmented notion that is now difficult to piece together into one single homogeneous experience Mbembe has the tendency to make free-flowing assertions that are left hanging in the air, sometimes dense and cryptic, where the reader itches for them to be pricked with his critical pin slaves’ history – like all human history – was made not only by what was done to them but also by what they did for themselves rich, positive black ontology forms a significant part of black reason and is a story that is also worth telling, not simply as an adjunct to the story of woes .


Question: Federal reserve system agency

We’re the Fed!

Bryan Hamerschlag JD Candidate @ UT ’22 A "Green New Fed": How the Federal Reserve's Existing Legal Powers Could Allow It to Take Action on Climate Change, 100 TEX. L. REV. 577 p. 584-585

The Federal Reserve is the government-operated bank for banks The Federal Reserve System is an agency within the U.S. government it falls under the Executive Yancy must stay alert to the fact that a common culture, or shared experiences of having the same language, is not a sufficient condition for claiming there exists, among African Americans , some common ontology this very premise grounds Yancy's notion about how African American language is foundational to the construction of a new metaphilosophy only on the presupposition that the African American community is socially homogeneous can it plausibly be argued that African Americans all share the same ontology there is no plausible warranting for the belief that all African Americans share a common ontology vindicationism neglects a very important aspect of the historical dialectic of African American culture There is more to African American history than resistance to oppression not all African Americans sang the spirituals with an eye to joining the Underground Railroad the failure of Prosser's Vesey's, and Turner's slave insurrections were due in part to other slaves that were more loyal to Massa than liberation The idea that social ontology and identity among African Americans, past and present, are preeminently the same for all is the sort of reductionism that flattens out the cultural, social, political, and ideological landscape called African American culture . black reason risks essentializing blackness . It particularizes by turning it into a concrete form of black essence Blackness becomes a unique intrinsic property that all black people share like a blood type and cordage that binds them all together Is this not the very narrative against which centuries of struggle have been waged this idea homogenizes, generalizes or universalizes blackness as a common experience shared by all black people can we say that black reason is the same in the USA, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba and all the way to Zimbabwe? Blackness is a fragmented notion that is now difficult to piece together into one single homogeneous experience Mbembe has the tendency to make free-flowing assertions that are left hanging in the air, sometimes dense and cryptic, where the reader itches for them to be pricked with his critical pin slaves’ history – like all human history – was made not only by what was done to them but also by what they did for themselves rich, positive black ontology forms a significant part of black reason and is a story that is also worth telling, not simply as an adjunct to the story of woes .


Question: Green new fed

We’re the Fed!

Bryan Hamerschlag JD Candidate @ UT ’22 A "Green New Fed": How the Federal Reserve's Existing Legal Powers Could Allow It to Take Action on Climate Change, 100 TEX. L. REV. 577 p. 584-585

The Federal Reserve is the government-operated bank for banks The Federal Reserve System is an agency within the U.S. government it falls under the Executive Yancy must stay alert to the fact that a common culture, or shared experiences of having the same language, is not a sufficient condition for claiming there exists, among African Americans , some common ontology this very premise grounds Yancy's notion about how African American language is foundational to the construction of a new metaphilosophy only on the presupposition that the African American community is socially homogeneous can it plausibly be argued that African Americans all share the same ontology there is no plausible warranting for the belief that all African Americans share a common ontology vindicationism neglects a very important aspect of the historical dialectic of African American culture There is more to African American history than resistance to oppression not all African Americans sang the spirituals with an eye to joining the Underground Railroad the failure of Prosser's Vesey's, and Turner's slave insurrections were due in part to other slaves that were more loyal to Massa than liberation The idea that social ontology and identity among African Americans, past and present, are preeminently the same for all is the sort of reductionism that flattens out the cultural, social, political, and ideological landscape called African American culture . black reason risks essentializing blackness . It particularizes by turning it into a concrete form of black essence Blackness becomes a unique intrinsic property that all black people share like a blood type and cordage that binds them all together Is this not the very narrative against which centuries of struggle have been waged this idea homogenizes, generalizes or universalizes blackness as a common experience shared by all black people can we say that black reason is the same in the USA, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba and all the way to Zimbabwe? Blackness is a fragmented notion that is now difficult to piece together into one single homogeneous experience Mbembe has the tendency to make free-flowing assertions that are left hanging in the air, sometimes dense and cryptic, where the reader itches for them to be pricked with his critical pin slaves’ history – like all human history – was made not only by what was done to them but also by what they did for themselves rich, positive black ontology forms a significant part of black reason and is a story that is also worth telling, not simply as an adjunct to the story of woes .


Question: Fed action on climate change

We’re the Fed!

Bryan Hamerschlag JD Candidate @ UT ’22 A "Green New Fed": How the Federal Reserve's Existing Legal Powers Could Allow It to Take Action on Climate Change, 100 TEX. L. REV. 577 p. 584-585

The Federal Reserve is the government-operated bank for banks The Federal Reserve System is an agency within the U.S. government it falls under the Executive Yancy must stay alert to the fact that a common culture, or shared experiences of having the same language, is not a sufficient condition for claiming there exists, among African Americans , some common ontology this very premise grounds Yancy's notion about how African American language is foundational to the construction of a new metaphilosophy only on the presupposition that the African American community is socially homogeneous can it plausibly be argued that African Americans all share the same ontology there is no plausible warranting for the belief that all African Americans share a common ontology vindicationism neglects a very important aspect of the historical dialectic of African American culture There is more to African American history than resistance to oppression not all African Americans sang the spirituals with an eye to joining the Underground Railroad the failure of Prosser's Vesey's, and Turner's slave insurrections were due in part to other slaves that were more loyal to Massa than liberation The idea that social ontology and identity among African Americans, past and present, are preeminently the same for all is the sort of reductionism that flattens out the cultural, social, political, and ideological landscape called African American culture . black reason risks essentializing blackness . It particularizes by turning it into a concrete form of black essence Blackness becomes a unique intrinsic property that all black people share like a blood type and cordage that binds them all together Is this not the very narrative against which centuries of struggle have been waged this idea homogenizes, generalizes or universalizes blackness as a common experience shared by all black people can we say that black reason is the same in the USA, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba and all the way to Zimbabwe? Blackness is a fragmented notion that is now difficult to piece together into one single homogeneous experience Mbembe has the tendency to make free-flowing assertions that are left hanging in the air, sometimes dense and cryptic, where the reader itches for them to be pricked with his critical pin slaves’ history – like all human history – was made not only by what was done to them but also by what they did for themselves rich, positive black ontology forms a significant part of black reason and is a story that is also worth telling, not simply as an adjunct to the story of woes .


Question: Sustained high rates crush startups

Sustained high rates crush tech startups.

Mark Williams 23. Professor of finance at Boston University's Questrom School of Business, 12/10/2023, “After layoffs at Spotify, high interest rates may come for other tech companies next,” https://www.npr.org/2023/12/10/1218432988/after-layoffs-at-spotify-high-interest-rates-may-come-for-other-tech-companies-n

Tech layoffs due to higher borrowing higher rates hit tech hard tech's about growth formula was taking on debt if rates get higher makes it harder to borrow because rates were ultra-low loaded up on debt high tech loss of employees mass firing startups are caught in vice grip growth slow down won't get funding investors  skeptical  they need a lot of money with R&D and investing


Question: Mark Williams 23

Sustained high rates crush tech startups.

Mark Williams 23. Professor of finance at Boston University's Questrom School of Business, 12/10/2023, “After layoffs at Spotify, high interest rates may come for other tech companies next,” https://www.npr.org/2023/12/10/1218432988/after-layoffs-at-spotify-high-interest-rates-may-come-for-other-tech-companies-n

Tech layoffs due to higher borrowing higher rates hit tech hard tech's about growth formula was taking on debt if rates get higher makes it harder to borrow because rates were ultra-low loaded up on debt high tech loss of employees mass firing startups are caught in vice grip growth slow down won't get funding investors  skeptical  they need a lot of money with R&D and investing


Question: High interest rates tech layoffs

Sustained high rates crush tech startups.

Mark Williams 23. Professor of finance at Boston University's Questrom School of Business, 12/10/2023, “After layoffs at Spotify, high interest rates may come for other tech companies next,” https://www.npr.org/2023/12/10/1218432988/after-layoffs-at-spotify-high-interest-rates-may-come-for-other-tech-companies-n

Tech layoffs due to higher borrowing higher rates hit tech hard tech's about growth formula was taking on debt if rates get higher makes it harder to borrow because rates were ultra-low loaded up on debt high tech loss of employees mass firing startups are caught in vice grip growth slow down won't get funding investors  skeptical  they need a lot of money with R&D and investing


Question: higher rates hurt tech companies

Sustained high rates crush tech startups.

Mark Williams 23. Professor of finance at Boston University's Questrom School of Business, 12/10/2023, “After layoffs at Spotify, high interest rates may come for other tech companies next,” https://www.npr.org/2023/12/10/1218432988/after-layoffs-at-spotify-high-interest-rates-may-come-for-other-tech-companies-n

Tech layoffs due to higher borrowing higher rates hit tech hard tech's about growth formula was taking on debt if rates get higher makes it harder to borrow because rates were ultra-low loaded up on debt high tech loss of employees mass firing startups are caught in vice grip growth slow down won't get funding investors  skeptical  they need a lot of money with R&D and investing


Question: tech layoffs

Sustained high rates crush tech startups.

Mark Williams 23. Professor of finance at Boston University's Questrom School of Business, 12/10/2023, “After layoffs at Spotify, high interest rates may come for other tech companies next,” https://www.npr.org/2023/12/10/1218432988/after-layoffs-at-spotify-high-interest-rates-may-come-for-other-tech-companies-n

Tech layoffs due to higher borrowing higher rates hit tech hard tech's about growth formula was taking on debt if rates get higher makes it harder to borrow because rates were ultra-low loaded up on debt high tech loss of employees mass firing startups are caught in vice grip growth slow down won't get funding investors  skeptical  they need a lot of money with R&D and investing


Question: startups caught in vice grip

Sustained high rates crush tech startups.

Mark Williams 23. Professor of finance at Boston University's Questrom School of Business, 12/10/2023, “After layoffs at Spotify, high interest rates may come for other tech companies next,” https://www.npr.org/2023/12/10/1218432988/after-layoffs-at-spotify-high-interest-rates-may-come-for-other-tech-companies-n

Tech layoffs due to higher borrowing higher rates hit tech hard tech's about growth formula was taking on debt if rates get higher makes it harder to borrow because rates were ultra-low loaded up on debt high tech loss of employees mass firing startups are caught in vice grip growth slow down won't get funding investors  skeptical  they need a lot of money with R&D and investing


Question: tech loss of employees

Sustained high rates crush tech startups.

Mark Williams 23. Professor of finance at Boston University's Questrom School of Business, 12/10/2023, “After layoffs at Spotify, high interest rates may come for other tech companies next,” https://www.npr.org/2023/12/10/1218432988/after-layoffs-at-spotify-high-interest-rates-may-come-for-other-tech-companies-n

Tech layoffs due to higher borrowing higher rates hit tech hard tech's about growth formula was taking on debt if rates get higher makes it harder to borrow because rates were ultra-low loaded up on debt high tech loss of employees mass firing startups are caught in vice grip growth slow down won't get funding investors  skeptical  they need a lot of money with R&D and investing


Question: startups growth slowdown

Sustained high rates crush tech startups.

Mark Williams 23. Professor of finance at Boston University's Questrom School of Business, 12/10/2023, “After layoffs at Spotify, high interest rates may come for other tech companies next,” https://www.npr.org/2023/12/10/1218432988/after-layoffs-at-spotify-high-interest-rates-may-come-for-other-tech-companies-n

Tech layoffs due to higher borrowing higher rates hit tech hard tech's about growth formula was taking on debt if rates get higher makes it harder to borrow because rates were ultra-low loaded up on debt high tech loss of employees mass firing startups are caught in vice grip growth slow down won't get funding investors  skeptical  they need a lot of money with R&D and investing


Question: Splintering of NATO inevitable

Multiple structural and philosophical disputes make a splintering of NATO inevitable

Bobby Ghosh 19, Columnist and Member of the Editorial Board at Bloomberg Opinion, Former Managing Editor of Quartz, “Trump Is The Least Of NATO's Problems”, Japan Times, 12/5/2019, https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2019/12/05/commentary/world-commentary/trump-least-natos-problems/#.XscYnWhJHbE

NATO is in existential — trouble Trump didn’t change defense was stick fundamental problems bedevil These go beyond previous disunity NATO endured A reason NATO held is common threat But core members no longer agree Turkey is buying arms Trump cozying up Macron is ambivalent Nor is there consensus over terrorism , cyber and China Getting members to act require leadership Nothing suggest such is at hand


Question: Ghosh 19

Multiple structural and philosophical disputes make a splintering of NATO inevitable

Bobby Ghosh 19, Columnist and Member of the Editorial Board at Bloomberg Opinion, Former Managing Editor of Quartz, “Trump Is The Least Of NATO's Problems”, Japan Times, 12/5/2019, https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2019/12/05/commentary/world-commentary/trump-least-natos-problems/#.XscYnWhJHbE

NATO is in existential — trouble Trump didn’t change defense was stick fundamental problems bedevil These go beyond previous disunity NATO endured A reason NATO held is common threat But core members no longer agree Turkey is buying arms Trump cozying up Macron is ambivalent Nor is there consensus over terrorism , cyber and China Getting members to act require leadership Nothing suggest such is at hand


Question: Bobby Ghosh NATO problems

Multiple structural and philosophical disputes make a splintering of NATO inevitable

Bobby Ghosh 19, Columnist and Member of the Editorial Board at Bloomberg Opinion, Former Managing Editor of Quartz, “Trump Is The Least Of NATO's Problems”, Japan Times, 12/5/2019, https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2019/12/05/commentary/world-commentary/trump-least-natos-problems/#.XscYnWhJHbE

NATO is in existential — trouble Trump didn’t change defense was stick fundamental problems bedevil These go beyond previous disunity NATO endured A reason NATO held is common threat But core members no longer agree Turkey is buying arms Trump cozying up Macron is ambivalent Nor is there consensus over terrorism , cyber and China Getting members to act require leadership Nothing suggest such is at hand


Question: NATO existential trouble

Multiple structural and philosophical disputes make a splintering of NATO inevitable

Bobby Ghosh 19, Columnist and Member of the Editorial Board at Bloomberg Opinion, Former Managing Editor of Quartz, “Trump Is The Least Of NATO's Problems”, Japan Times, 12/5/2019, https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2019/12/05/commentary/world-commentary/trump-least-natos-problems/#.XscYnWhJHbE

NATO is in existential — trouble Trump didn’t change defense was stick fundamental problems bedevil These go beyond previous disunity NATO endured A reason NATO held is common threat But core members no longer agree Turkey is buying arms Trump cozying up Macron is ambivalent Nor is there consensus over terrorism , cyber and China Getting members to act require leadership Nothing suggest such is at hand


Question: Trump least of NATO's problems

Multiple structural and philosophical disputes make a splintering of NATO inevitable

Bobby Ghosh 19, Columnist and Member of the Editorial Board at Bloomberg Opinion, Former Managing Editor of Quartz, “Trump Is The Least Of NATO's Problems”, Japan Times, 12/5/2019, https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2019/12/05/commentary/world-commentary/trump-least-natos-problems/#.XscYnWhJHbE

NATO is in existential — trouble Trump didn’t change defense was stick fundamental problems bedevil These go beyond previous disunity NATO endured A reason NATO held is common threat But core members no longer agree Turkey is buying arms Trump cozying up Macron is ambivalent Nor is there consensus over terrorism , cyber and China Getting members to act require leadership Nothing suggest such is at hand


Question: NATO no longer agrees

Multiple structural and philosophical disputes make a splintering of NATO inevitable

Bobby Ghosh 19, Columnist and Member of the Editorial Board at Bloomberg Opinion, Former Managing Editor of Quartz, “Trump Is The Least Of NATO's Problems”, Japan Times, 12/5/2019, https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2019/12/05/commentary/world-commentary/trump-least-natos-problems/#.XscYnWhJHbE

NATO is in existential — trouble Trump didn’t change defense was stick fundamental problems bedevil These go beyond previous disunity NATO endured A reason NATO held is common threat But core members no longer agree Turkey is buying arms Trump cozying up Macron is ambivalent Nor is there consensus over terrorism , cyber and China Getting members to act require leadership Nothing suggest such is at hand


Question: Macron ambivalent NATO

Multiple structural and philosophical disputes make a splintering of NATO inevitable

Bobby Ghosh 19, Columnist and Member of the Editorial Board at Bloomberg Opinion, Former Managing Editor of Quartz, “Trump Is The Least Of NATO's Problems”, Japan Times, 12/5/2019, https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2019/12/05/commentary/world-commentary/trump-least-natos-problems/#.XscYnWhJHbE

NATO is in existential — trouble Trump didn’t change defense was stick fundamental problems bedevil These go beyond previous disunity NATO endured A reason NATO held is common threat But core members no longer agree Turkey is buying arms Trump cozying up Macron is ambivalent Nor is there consensus over terrorism , cyber and China Getting members to act require leadership Nothing suggest such is at hand


Question: No authoritarian export

No internal link or impact to authoritarian export, their logic relies on a false conflation between competition with China and reviving a declining LIO – this logic only projects Western insecurity and produces conflict

Jake Werner 23, Research Fellow at the Quincy Institute focused on the emergence of great power conflict between the US and China, 03/31/23,  “What Biden means when he says we’re fighting ‘global battle for democracy’,” https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2023/03/31/what-biden-means-when-he-says-were-fighting-global-battle-for-democracy/

The division is not between democracies and autocracies but between the existing order and China and Russia autocratic U.S. allies wage wars of aggression many of the things China does to “tilt the field are things poor countries must do . the U.S. violates the rules-based order and coercion on a regular basis U.S. is currently the world trade dispute resolution system Russia’s argument a blockade on Chinese businesses’ to destroy Huawei ;  an extraterritorial sanctions regime the list of allegations against Russia and China fails to clearly distinguish the “democracy” team from the “autocracy” team Biden welcomes outright autocracies deteriorating democracies in order to turn back the threat powerful China poses presence of numerous autocrats and aspiring autocrats in U.S.-led coalitions is proof that liberal rhetoric does little to restrain authoritarians . China poses a existential threat widespread in Washington Because the ideological hegemony of neolib underwrote democracy that drove the foundations for the U.S. political elite has disintegrated at home and abroad. in Washington it was experienced as the outcome o disastrous setbacks for U.S. economic military aspirations dotcom crash 9/11 08 the Great Recession For American leaders the three essential parts hegemony free market globalization neoliberal democracy were a challenge to any part is considered an attack Today’s China reject liberal democracy China has been little involved in specific U.S. failures , it stands in as a symbol of all the setbacks that U.S. power and ideology have faced the image of menacing China offers a shared focus for U.S. leaders over partisan divisions Biden see the world as divided between democracy understood to be the same as U.S. military and economic power — and autocracy represented by China. Washington is driven by insecurity rather than analysis conflict and bloc formation will strengthen threatening political currents militarism nationalism nativism


Question: Werner 23

No internal link or impact to authoritarian export, their logic relies on a false conflation between competition with China and reviving a declining LIO – this logic only projects Western insecurity and produces conflict

Jake Werner 23, Research Fellow at the Quincy Institute focused on the emergence of great power conflict between the US and China, 03/31/23,  “What Biden means when he says we’re fighting ‘global battle for democracy’,” https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2023/03/31/what-biden-means-when-he-says-were-fighting-global-battle-for-democracy/

The division is not between democracies and autocracies but between the existing order and China and Russia autocratic U.S. allies wage wars of aggression many of the things China does to “tilt the field are things poor countries must do . the U.S. violates the rules-based order and coercion on a regular basis U.S. is currently the world trade dispute resolution system Russia’s argument a blockade on Chinese businesses’ to destroy Huawei ;  an extraterritorial sanctions regime the list of allegations against Russia and China fails to clearly distinguish the “democracy” team from the “autocracy” team Biden welcomes outright autocracies deteriorating democracies in order to turn back the threat powerful China poses presence of numerous autocrats and aspiring autocrats in U.S.-led coalitions is proof that liberal rhetoric does little to restrain authoritarians . China poses a existential threat widespread in Washington Because the ideological hegemony of neolib underwrote democracy that drove the foundations for the U.S. political elite has disintegrated at home and abroad. in Washington it was experienced as the outcome o disastrous setbacks for U.S. economic military aspirations dotcom crash 9/11 08 the Great Recession For American leaders the three essential parts hegemony free market globalization neoliberal democracy were a challenge to any part is considered an attack Today’s China reject liberal democracy China has been little involved in specific U.S. failures , it stands in as a symbol of all the setbacks that U.S. power and ideology have faced the image of menacing China offers a shared focus for U.S. leaders over partisan divisions Biden see the world as divided between democracy understood to be the same as U.S. military and economic power — and autocracy represented by China. Washington is driven by insecurity rather than analysis conflict and bloc formation will strengthen threatening political currents militarism nationalism nativism


Question: Jake Werner Quincy Institute

No internal link or impact to authoritarian export, their logic relies on a false conflation between competition with China and reviving a declining LIO – this logic only projects Western insecurity and produces conflict

Jake Werner 23, Research Fellow at the Quincy Institute focused on the emergence of great power conflict between the US and China, 03/31/23,  “What Biden means when he says we’re fighting ‘global battle for democracy’,” https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2023/03/31/what-biden-means-when-he-says-were-fighting-global-battle-for-democracy/

The division is not between democracies and autocracies but between the existing order and China and Russia autocratic U.S. allies wage wars of aggression many of the things China does to “tilt the field are things poor countries must do . the U.S. violates the rules-based order and coercion on a regular basis U.S. is currently the world trade dispute resolution system Russia’s argument a blockade on Chinese businesses’ to destroy Huawei ;  an extraterritorial sanctions regime the list of allegations against Russia and China fails to clearly distinguish the “democracy” team from the “autocracy” team Biden welcomes outright autocracies deteriorating democracies in order to turn back the threat powerful China poses presence of numerous autocrats and aspiring autocrats in U.S.-led coalitions is proof that liberal rhetoric does little to restrain authoritarians . China poses a existential threat widespread in Washington Because the ideological hegemony of neolib underwrote democracy that drove the foundations for the U.S. political elite has disintegrated at home and abroad. in Washington it was experienced as the outcome o disastrous setbacks for U.S. economic military aspirations dotcom crash 9/11 08 the Great Recession For American leaders the three essential parts hegemony free market globalization neoliberal democracy were a challenge to any part is considered an attack Today’s China reject liberal democracy China has been little involved in specific U.S. failures , it stands in as a symbol of all the setbacks that U.S. power and ideology have faced the image of menacing China offers a shared focus for U.S. leaders over partisan divisions Biden see the world as divided between democracy understood to be the same as U.S. military and economic power — and autocracy represented by China. Washington is driven by insecurity rather than analysis conflict and bloc formation will strengthen threatening political currents militarism nationalism nativism


Question: Competition with China revives declining LIO

No internal link or impact to authoritarian export, their logic relies on a false conflation between competition with China and reviving a declining LIO – this logic only projects Western insecurity and produces conflict

Jake Werner 23, Research Fellow at the Quincy Institute focused on the emergence of great power conflict between the US and China, 03/31/23,  “What Biden means when he says we’re fighting ‘global battle for democracy’,” https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2023/03/31/what-biden-means-when-he-says-were-fighting-global-battle-for-democracy/

The division is not between democracies and autocracies but between the existing order and China and Russia autocratic U.S. allies wage wars of aggression many of the things China does to “tilt the field are things poor countries must do . the U.S. violates the rules-based order and coercion on a regular basis U.S. is currently the world trade dispute resolution system Russia’s argument a blockade on Chinese businesses’ to destroy Huawei ;  an extraterritorial sanctions regime the list of allegations against Russia and China fails to clearly distinguish the “democracy” team from the “autocracy” team Biden welcomes outright autocracies deteriorating democracies in order to turn back the threat powerful China poses presence of numerous autocrats and aspiring autocrats in U.S.-led coalitions is proof that liberal rhetoric does little to restrain authoritarians . China poses a existential threat widespread in Washington Because the ideological hegemony of neolib underwrote democracy that drove the foundations for the U.S. political elite has disintegrated at home and abroad. in Washington it was experienced as the outcome o disastrous setbacks for U.S. economic military aspirations dotcom crash 9/11 08 the Great Recession For American leaders the three essential parts hegemony free market globalization neoliberal democracy were a challenge to any part is considered an attack Today’s China reject liberal democracy China has been little involved in specific U.S. failures , it stands in as a symbol of all the setbacks that U.S. power and ideology have faced the image of menacing China offers a shared focus for U.S. leaders over partisan divisions Biden see the world as divided between democracy understood to be the same as U.S. military and economic power — and autocracy represented by China. Washington is driven by insecurity rather than analysis conflict and bloc formation will strengthen threatening political currents militarism nationalism nativism


Question: Western insecurity produces conflict

No internal link or impact to authoritarian export, their logic relies on a false conflation between competition with China and reviving a declining LIO – this logic only projects Western insecurity and produces conflict

Jake Werner 23, Research Fellow at the Quincy Institute focused on the emergence of great power conflict between the US and China, 03/31/23,  “What Biden means when he says we’re fighting ‘global battle for democracy’,” https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2023/03/31/what-biden-means-when-he-says-were-fighting-global-battle-for-democracy/

The division is not between democracies and autocracies but between the existing order and China and Russia autocratic U.S. allies wage wars of aggression many of the things China does to “tilt the field are things poor countries must do . the U.S. violates the rules-based order and coercion on a regular basis U.S. is currently the world trade dispute resolution system Russia’s argument a blockade on Chinese businesses’ to destroy Huawei ;  an extraterritorial sanctions regime the list of allegations against Russia and China fails to clearly distinguish the “democracy” team from the “autocracy” team Biden welcomes outright autocracies deteriorating democracies in order to turn back the threat powerful China poses presence of numerous autocrats and aspiring autocrats in U.S.-led coalitions is proof that liberal rhetoric does little to restrain authoritarians . China poses a existential threat widespread in Washington Because the ideological hegemony of neolib underwrote democracy that drove the foundations for the U.S. political elite has disintegrated at home and abroad. in Washington it was experienced as the outcome o disastrous setbacks for U.S. economic military aspirations dotcom crash 9/11 08 the Great Recession For American leaders the three essential parts hegemony free market globalization neoliberal democracy were a challenge to any part is considered an attack Today’s China reject liberal democracy China has been little involved in specific U.S. failures , it stands in as a symbol of all the setbacks that U.S. power and ideology have faced the image of menacing China offers a shared focus for U.S. leaders over partisan divisions Biden see the world as divided between democracy understood to be the same as U.S. military and economic power — and autocracy represented by China. Washington is driven by insecurity rather than analysis conflict and bloc formation will strengthen threatening political currents militarism nationalism nativism


Question: Biden conflates China and democracy

No internal link or impact to authoritarian export, their logic relies on a false conflation between competition with China and reviving a declining LIO – this logic only projects Western insecurity and produces conflict

Jake Werner 23, Research Fellow at the Quincy Institute focused on the emergence of great power conflict between the US and China, 03/31/23,  “What Biden means when he says we’re fighting ‘global battle for democracy’,” https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2023/03/31/what-biden-means-when-he-says-were-fighting-global-battle-for-democracy/

The division is not between democracies and autocracies but between the existing order and China and Russia autocratic U.S. allies wage wars of aggression many of the things China does to “tilt the field are things poor countries must do . the U.S. violates the rules-based order and coercion on a regular basis U.S. is currently the world trade dispute resolution system Russia’s argument a blockade on Chinese businesses’ to destroy Huawei ;  an extraterritorial sanctions regime the list of allegations against Russia and China fails to clearly distinguish the “democracy” team from the “autocracy” team Biden welcomes outright autocracies deteriorating democracies in order to turn back the threat powerful China poses presence of numerous autocrats and aspiring autocrats in U.S.-led coalitions is proof that liberal rhetoric does little to restrain authoritarians . China poses a existential threat widespread in Washington Because the ideological hegemony of neolib underwrote democracy that drove the foundations for the U.S. political elite has disintegrated at home and abroad. in Washington it was experienced as the outcome o disastrous setbacks for U.S. economic military aspirations dotcom crash 9/11 08 the Great Recession For American leaders the three essential parts hegemony free market globalization neoliberal democracy were a challenge to any part is considered an attack Today’s China reject liberal democracy China has been little involved in specific U.S. failures , it stands in as a symbol of all the setbacks that U.S. power and ideology have faced the image of menacing China offers a shared focus for U.S. leaders over partisan divisions Biden see the world as divided between democracy understood to be the same as U.S. military and economic power — and autocracy represented by China. Washington is driven by insecurity rather than analysis conflict and bloc formation will strengthen threatening political currents militarism nationalism nativism


Question: US allies wage wars aggression

No internal link or impact to authoritarian export, their logic relies on a false conflation between competition with China and reviving a declining LIO – this logic only projects Western insecurity and produces conflict

Jake Werner 23, Research Fellow at the Quincy Institute focused on the emergence of great power conflict between the US and China, 03/31/23,  “What Biden means when he says we’re fighting ‘global battle for democracy’,” https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2023/03/31/what-biden-means-when-he-says-were-fighting-global-battle-for-democracy/

The division is not between democracies and autocracies but between the existing order and China and Russia autocratic U.S. allies wage wars of aggression many of the things China does to “tilt the field are things poor countries must do . the U.S. violates the rules-based order and coercion on a regular basis U.S. is currently the world trade dispute resolution system Russia’s argument a blockade on Chinese businesses’ to destroy Huawei ;  an extraterritorial sanctions regime the list of allegations against Russia and China fails to clearly distinguish the “democracy” team from the “autocracy” team Biden welcomes outright autocracies deteriorating democracies in order to turn back the threat powerful China poses presence of numerous autocrats and aspiring autocrats in U.S.-led coalitions is proof that liberal rhetoric does little to restrain authoritarians . China poses a existential threat widespread in Washington Because the ideological hegemony of neolib underwrote democracy that drove the foundations for the U.S. political elite has disintegrated at home and abroad. in Washington it was experienced as the outcome o disastrous setbacks for U.S. economic military aspirations dotcom crash 9/11 08 the Great Recession For American leaders the three essential parts hegemony free market globalization neoliberal democracy were a challenge to any part is considered an attack Today’s China reject liberal democracy China has been little involved in specific U.S. failures , it stands in as a symbol of all the setbacks that U.S. power and ideology have faced the image of menacing China offers a shared focus for U.S. leaders over partisan divisions Biden see the world as divided between democracy understood to be the same as U.S. military and economic power — and autocracy represented by China. Washington is driven by insecurity rather than analysis conflict and bloc formation will strengthen threatening political currents militarism nationalism nativism


Question: China rejects liberal democracy

No internal link or impact to authoritarian export, their logic relies on a false conflation between competition with China and reviving a declining LIO – this logic only projects Western insecurity and produces conflict

Jake Werner 23, Research Fellow at the Quincy Institute focused on the emergence of great power conflict between the US and China, 03/31/23,  “What Biden means when he says we’re fighting ‘global battle for democracy’,” https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2023/03/31/what-biden-means-when-he-says-were-fighting-global-battle-for-democracy/

The division is not between democracies and autocracies but between the existing order and China and Russia autocratic U.S. allies wage wars of aggression many of the things China does to “tilt the field are things poor countries must do . the U.S. violates the rules-based order and coercion on a regular basis U.S. is currently the world trade dispute resolution system Russia’s argument a blockade on Chinese businesses’ to destroy Huawei ;  an extraterritorial sanctions regime the list of allegations against Russia and China fails to clearly distinguish the “democracy” team from the “autocracy” team Biden welcomes outright autocracies deteriorating democracies in order to turn back the threat powerful China poses presence of numerous autocrats and aspiring autocrats in U.S.-led coalitions is proof that liberal rhetoric does little to restrain authoritarians . China poses a existential threat widespread in Washington Because the ideological hegemony of neolib underwrote democracy that drove the foundations for the U.S. political elite has disintegrated at home and abroad. in Washington it was experienced as the outcome o disastrous setbacks for U.S. economic military aspirations dotcom crash 9/11 08 the Great Recession For American leaders the three essential parts hegemony free market globalization neoliberal democracy were a challenge to any part is considered an attack Today’s China reject liberal democracy China has been little involved in specific U.S. failures , it stands in as a symbol of all the setbacks that U.S. power and ideology have faced the image of menacing China offers a shared focus for U.S. leaders over partisan divisions Biden see the world as divided between democracy understood to be the same as U.S. military and economic power — and autocracy represented by China. Washington is driven by insecurity rather than analysis conflict and bloc formation will strengthen threatening political currents militarism nationalism nativism


Question: Concedes market reform is effective

Concedes market reform, carbon pricing, energy efficiency, and clean standards for electricity and vehicle are effective---California proves.

Buller 22 (Adrienne Buller is Director of Research at Common Wealth, a UK-based progressive think tank focused on the political economy of ownership. 2022, “The Value of a Whale: On the Illusions of Green Capitalism”, Manchester University Press) Adrian

carbon pricing frequent bedfellow offsetting failed to achieve progress sim- plicity’ of carbon price thwarted by mess- iness of reality carbon tax predeter- mined cost per carbon applied in various ways ETS many large firms extracted enormous profits from mechanism rather than polluter pays’ principle in practice carbon pricing inverted logic polluters frequently profit EU’s ETS decreased emissions between 0% and 2% contribution 3.8% over 15 years emissions reductions result of switching from coal to natural gas rather than decarbonised technologies or nnovation’ rent controls venting carbon prices from working prevent landlords from hiking rents to reflect investment in solar panels In Canada carbon price challenged by carbon-intensive industries political hostility left unwillingness to pursue carbon pricing carbon pricing repealed three years later in California promising emissions reductions turned out to be the result of investments in energy efficiency and ‘clean standards’ for electricity and vehicles


Question: Buller 22

Concedes market reform, carbon pricing, energy efficiency, and clean standards for electricity and vehicle are effective---California proves.

Buller 22 (Adrienne Buller is Director of Research at Common Wealth, a UK-based progressive think tank focused on the political economy of ownership. 2022, “The Value of a Whale: On the Illusions of Green Capitalism”, Manchester University Press) Adrian

carbon pricing frequent bedfellow offsetting failed to achieve progress sim- plicity’ of carbon price thwarted by mess- iness of reality carbon tax predeter- mined cost per carbon applied in various ways ETS many large firms extracted enormous profits from mechanism rather than polluter pays’ principle in practice carbon pricing inverted logic polluters frequently profit EU’s ETS decreased emissions between 0% and 2% contribution 3.8% over 15 years emissions reductions result of switching from coal to natural gas rather than decarbonised technologies or nnovation’ rent controls venting carbon prices from working prevent landlords from hiking rents to reflect investment in solar panels In Canada carbon price challenged by carbon-intensive industries political hostility left unwillingness to pursue carbon pricing carbon pricing repealed three years later in California promising emissions reductions turned out to be the result of investments in energy efficiency and ‘clean standards’ for electricity and vehicles


Question: Adrienne Buller

Concedes market reform, carbon pricing, energy efficiency, and clean standards for electricity and vehicle are effective---California proves.

Buller 22 (Adrienne Buller is Director of Research at Common Wealth, a UK-based progressive think tank focused on the political economy of ownership. 2022, “The Value of a Whale: On the Illusions of Green Capitalism”, Manchester University Press) Adrian

carbon pricing frequent bedfellow offsetting failed to achieve progress sim- plicity’ of carbon price thwarted by mess- iness of reality carbon tax predeter- mined cost per carbon applied in various ways ETS many large firms extracted enormous profits from mechanism rather than polluter pays’ principle in practice carbon pricing inverted logic polluters frequently profit EU’s ETS decreased emissions between 0% and 2% contribution 3.8% over 15 years emissions reductions result of switching from coal to natural gas rather than decarbonised technologies or nnovation’ rent controls venting carbon prices from working prevent landlords from hiking rents to reflect investment in solar panels In Canada carbon price challenged by carbon-intensive industries political hostility left unwillingness to pursue carbon pricing carbon pricing repealed three years later in California promising emissions reductions turned out to be the result of investments in energy efficiency and ‘clean standards’ for electricity and vehicles


Question: carbon pricing failed

Concedes market reform, carbon pricing, energy efficiency, and clean standards for electricity and vehicle are effective---California proves.

Buller 22 (Adrienne Buller is Director of Research at Common Wealth, a UK-based progressive think tank focused on the political economy of ownership. 2022, “The Value of a Whale: On the Illusions of Green Capitalism”, Manchester University Press) Adrian

carbon pricing frequent bedfellow offsetting failed to achieve progress sim- plicity’ of carbon price thwarted by mess- iness of reality carbon tax predeter- mined cost per carbon applied in various ways ETS many large firms extracted enormous profits from mechanism rather than polluter pays’ principle in practice carbon pricing inverted logic polluters frequently profit EU’s ETS decreased emissions between 0% and 2% contribution 3.8% over 15 years emissions reductions result of switching from coal to natural gas rather than decarbonised technologies or nnovation’ rent controls venting carbon prices from working prevent landlords from hiking rents to reflect investment in solar panels In Canada carbon price challenged by carbon-intensive industries political hostility left unwillingness to pursue carbon pricing carbon pricing repealed three years later in California promising emissions reductions turned out to be the result of investments in energy efficiency and ‘clean standards’ for electricity and vehicles


Question: clean standards effective

Concedes market reform, carbon pricing, energy efficiency, and clean standards for electricity and vehicle are effective---California proves.

Buller 22 (Adrienne Buller is Director of Research at Common Wealth, a UK-based progressive think tank focused on the political economy of ownership. 2022, “The Value of a Whale: On the Illusions of Green Capitalism”, Manchester University Press) Adrian

carbon pricing frequent bedfellow offsetting failed to achieve progress sim- plicity’ of carbon price thwarted by mess- iness of reality carbon tax predeter- mined cost per carbon applied in various ways ETS many large firms extracted enormous profits from mechanism rather than polluter pays’ principle in practice carbon pricing inverted logic polluters frequently profit EU’s ETS decreased emissions between 0% and 2% contribution 3.8% over 15 years emissions reductions result of switching from coal to natural gas rather than decarbonised technologies or nnovation’ rent controls venting carbon prices from working prevent landlords from hiking rents to reflect investment in solar panels In Canada carbon price challenged by carbon-intensive industries political hostility left unwillingness to pursue carbon pricing carbon pricing repealed three years later in California promising emissions reductions turned out to be the result of investments in energy efficiency and ‘clean standards’ for electricity and vehicles


Question: energy efficiency effective

Concedes market reform, carbon pricing, energy efficiency, and clean standards for electricity and vehicle are effective---California proves.

Buller 22 (Adrienne Buller is Director of Research at Common Wealth, a UK-based progressive think tank focused on the political economy of ownership. 2022, “The Value of a Whale: On the Illusions of Green Capitalism”, Manchester University Press) Adrian

carbon pricing frequent bedfellow offsetting failed to achieve progress sim- plicity’ of carbon price thwarted by mess- iness of reality carbon tax predeter- mined cost per carbon applied in various ways ETS many large firms extracted enormous profits from mechanism rather than polluter pays’ principle in practice carbon pricing inverted logic polluters frequently profit EU’s ETS decreased emissions between 0% and 2% contribution 3.8% over 15 years emissions reductions result of switching from coal to natural gas rather than decarbonised technologies or nnovation’ rent controls venting carbon prices from working prevent landlords from hiking rents to reflect investment in solar panels In Canada carbon price challenged by carbon-intensive industries political hostility left unwillingness to pursue carbon pricing carbon pricing repealed three years later in California promising emissions reductions turned out to be the result of investments in energy efficiency and ‘clean standards’ for electricity and vehicles