Question: Michael J. Albert 24

6. Structural Stagflation. Unstable rates, debt, asset bubbles, and broad financial deregulation guarantee collapse.

Michael J. Albert 24. Lecturer in Global Environmental Politics at the University of Edinburgh. Navigating the Polycrisis: Mapping the Futures of Capitalism and the Earth. MIT Press. 32-35.

assault on working power to rely on financial deregulation and easy credit to “sustain demand demand-deficiency lead-up to cap rely on “ abnormal financial bubbles to “achieve growth growth remained reliant on near-zero interest rates unprecedented debt and asset bubbles got worse as a result of COVID debt reached unprecedented 360% of GDP 2022 inflation shock stressors in food and energy markets peaked followed by profiteering by corporations inflation-fighting remains dominated by hikes risking recession instability , and misery turbulence take the form of debt crises and financial collapse a real devaluation of financial assets through crisis reemergence of inflation may signify shift rather than a blip the worst period of stagflation the world has ever seen


Question: Navigating the Polycrisis: Mapping the Futures of Capitalism

6. Structural Stagflation. Unstable rates, debt, asset bubbles, and broad financial deregulation guarantee collapse.

Michael J. Albert 24. Lecturer in Global Environmental Politics at the University of Edinburgh. Navigating the Polycrisis: Mapping the Futures of Capitalism and the Earth. MIT Press. 32-35.

assault on working power to rely on financial deregulation and easy credit to “sustain demand demand-deficiency lead-up to cap rely on “ abnormal financial bubbles to “achieve growth growth remained reliant on near-zero interest rates unprecedented debt and asset bubbles got worse as a result of COVID debt reached unprecedented 360% of GDP 2022 inflation shock stressors in food and energy markets peaked followed by profiteering by corporations inflation-fighting remains dominated by hikes risking recession instability , and misery turbulence take the form of debt crises and financial collapse a real devaluation of financial assets through crisis reemergence of inflation may signify shift rather than a blip the worst period of stagflation the world has ever seen


Question: debt reached unprecedented 360% of GDP

6. Structural Stagflation. Unstable rates, debt, asset bubbles, and broad financial deregulation guarantee collapse.

Michael J. Albert 24. Lecturer in Global Environmental Politics at the University of Edinburgh. Navigating the Polycrisis: Mapping the Futures of Capitalism and the Earth. MIT Press. 32-35.

assault on working power to rely on financial deregulation and easy credit to “sustain demand demand-deficiency lead-up to cap rely on “ abnormal financial bubbles to “achieve growth growth remained reliant on near-zero interest rates unprecedented debt and asset bubbles got worse as a result of COVID debt reached unprecedented 360% of GDP 2022 inflation shock stressors in food and energy markets peaked followed by profiteering by corporations inflation-fighting remains dominated by hikes risking recession instability , and misery turbulence take the form of debt crises and financial collapse a real devaluation of financial assets through crisis reemergence of inflation may signify shift rather than a blip the worst period of stagflation the world has ever seen


Question: financial deregulation guarantee collapse

6. Structural Stagflation. Unstable rates, debt, asset bubbles, and broad financial deregulation guarantee collapse.

Michael J. Albert 24. Lecturer in Global Environmental Politics at the University of Edinburgh. Navigating the Polycrisis: Mapping the Futures of Capitalism and the Earth. MIT Press. 32-35.

assault on working power to rely on financial deregulation and easy credit to “sustain demand demand-deficiency lead-up to cap rely on “ abnormal financial bubbles to “achieve growth growth remained reliant on near-zero interest rates unprecedented debt and asset bubbles got worse as a result of COVID debt reached unprecedented 360% of GDP 2022 inflation shock stressors in food and energy markets peaked followed by profiteering by corporations inflation-fighting remains dominated by hikes risking recession instability , and misery turbulence take the form of debt crises and financial collapse a real devaluation of financial assets through crisis reemergence of inflation may signify shift rather than a blip the worst period of stagflation the world has ever seen


Question: stagflation unstable rates

6. Structural Stagflation. Unstable rates, debt, asset bubbles, and broad financial deregulation guarantee collapse.

Michael J. Albert 24. Lecturer in Global Environmental Politics at the University of Edinburgh. Navigating the Polycrisis: Mapping the Futures of Capitalism and the Earth. MIT Press. 32-35.

assault on working power to rely on financial deregulation and easy credit to “sustain demand demand-deficiency lead-up to cap rely on “ abnormal financial bubbles to “achieve growth growth remained reliant on near-zero interest rates unprecedented debt and asset bubbles got worse as a result of COVID debt reached unprecedented 360% of GDP 2022 inflation shock stressors in food and energy markets peaked followed by profiteering by corporations inflation-fighting remains dominated by hikes risking recession instability , and misery turbulence take the form of debt crises and financial collapse a real devaluation of financial assets through crisis reemergence of inflation may signify shift rather than a blip the worst period of stagflation the world has ever seen


Question: Adopt

Adopt.

McMurdie et al 20 [Paul J. McMurdie, Presiding Judge, joined by Judge Jennifer B. Campbell and Vice Chief Judge Kent E. Cattani, delivering the Opinion of the Court of Appeals of Arizona, Division One, The Neth. v. MD Helicopters Inc., 2020 Ariz. App. LEXIS 284, 3-19-2020, NexisUni]

"adopt" is not so limited Courts make law through the adoptio n of rules  or common-law principles agencies also "adopt" rules


Question: McMurdie et al 20

Adopt.

McMurdie et al 20 [Paul J. McMurdie, Presiding Judge, joined by Judge Jennifer B. Campbell and Vice Chief Judge Kent E. Cattani, delivering the Opinion of the Court of Appeals of Arizona, Division One, The Neth. v. MD Helicopters Inc., 2020 Ariz. App. LEXIS 284, 3-19-2020, NexisUni]

"adopt" is not so limited Courts make law through the adoptio n of rules  or common-law principles agencies also "adopt" rules


Question: Courts adopt rules

Adopt.

McMurdie et al 20 [Paul J. McMurdie, Presiding Judge, joined by Judge Jennifer B. Campbell and Vice Chief Judge Kent E. Cattani, delivering the Opinion of the Court of Appeals of Arizona, Division One, The Neth. v. MD Helicopters Inc., 2020 Ariz. App. LEXIS 284, 3-19-2020, NexisUni]

"adopt" is not so limited Courts make law through the adoptio n of rules  or common-law principles agencies also "adopt" rules


Question: The Neth. v. MD Helicopters Inc.

Adopt.

McMurdie et al 20 [Paul J. McMurdie, Presiding Judge, joined by Judge Jennifer B. Campbell and Vice Chief Judge Kent E. Cattani, delivering the Opinion of the Court of Appeals of Arizona, Division One, The Neth. v. MD Helicopters Inc., 2020 Ariz. App. LEXIS 284, 3-19-2020, NexisUni]

"adopt" is not so limited Courts make law through the adoptio n of rules  or common-law principles agencies also "adopt" rules


Question: definition of adopt

Adopt.

McMurdie et al 20 [Paul J. McMurdie, Presiding Judge, joined by Judge Jennifer B. Campbell and Vice Chief Judge Kent E. Cattani, delivering the Opinion of the Court of Appeals of Arizona, Division One, The Neth. v. MD Helicopters Inc., 2020 Ariz. App. LEXIS 284, 3-19-2020, NexisUni]

"adopt" is not so limited Courts make law through the adoptio n of rules  or common-law principles agencies also "adopt" rules


Question: agencies also adopt rules

Adopt.

McMurdie et al 20 [Paul J. McMurdie, Presiding Judge, joined by Judge Jennifer B. Campbell and Vice Chief Judge Kent E. Cattani, delivering the Opinion of the Court of Appeals of Arizona, Division One, The Neth. v. MD Helicopters Inc., 2020 Ariz. App. LEXIS 284, 3-19-2020, NexisUni]

"adopt" is not so limited Courts make law through the adoptio n of rules  or common-law principles agencies also "adopt" rules


Question: no soil impact

No soil impact.

Ritchie 21 [Hannah; January 14th;PhD, Senior Researcher and Head of Research at Our World In Data, PhD in GeoSciences from the University of Edinburgh, “Do We Only Have 60 Harvests Left?”, Our World in Data, https://ourworldindata.org/soil-lifespans]

The claim the world has 60 or 30 harvests left there is no basis claims are overblown rates span five orders of magnitude. Some have a lifespan over 5000 years a study looked at Leicester Not informative for the world’s soils There is no single lifespan of soils recent study drew upon a database of 4285 measured soil erosion rates 240 studies best proxy was erosion rates of topsoil around 30 centimeters if thinning by 0.5 every year, it would take 60 years Conventional soils represent ‘business-as-usual “60 harvests” is clearly false 90% of soils had a ‘lifespan’ greater median 491 Half greater than 1,000 and 18% 10,000 years some not eroding at all 7% were thickening It’s implausible they all degrad at the same rate


Question: Ritchie 21

No soil impact.

Ritchie 21 [Hannah; January 14th;PhD, Senior Researcher and Head of Research at Our World In Data, PhD in GeoSciences from the University of Edinburgh, “Do We Only Have 60 Harvests Left?”, Our World in Data, https://ourworldindata.org/soil-lifespans]

The claim the world has 60 or 30 harvests left there is no basis claims are overblown rates span five orders of magnitude. Some have a lifespan over 5000 years a study looked at Leicester Not informative for the world’s soils There is no single lifespan of soils recent study drew upon a database of 4285 measured soil erosion rates 240 studies best proxy was erosion rates of topsoil around 30 centimeters if thinning by 0.5 every year, it would take 60 years Conventional soils represent ‘business-as-usual “60 harvests” is clearly false 90% of soils had a ‘lifespan’ greater median 491 Half greater than 1,000 and 18% 10,000 years some not eroding at all 7% were thickening It’s implausible they all degrad at the same rate


Question: Hannah Ritchie

No soil impact.

Ritchie 21 [Hannah; January 14th;PhD, Senior Researcher and Head of Research at Our World In Data, PhD in GeoSciences from the University of Edinburgh, “Do We Only Have 60 Harvests Left?”, Our World in Data, https://ourworldindata.org/soil-lifespans]

The claim the world has 60 or 30 harvests left there is no basis claims are overblown rates span five orders of magnitude. Some have a lifespan over 5000 years a study looked at Leicester Not informative for the world’s soils There is no single lifespan of soils recent study drew upon a database of 4285 measured soil erosion rates 240 studies best proxy was erosion rates of topsoil around 30 centimeters if thinning by 0.5 every year, it would take 60 years Conventional soils represent ‘business-as-usual “60 harvests” is clearly false 90% of soils had a ‘lifespan’ greater median 491 Half greater than 1,000 and 18% 10,000 years some not eroding at all 7% were thickening It’s implausible they all degrad at the same rate


Question: 60 harvests left debunked

No soil impact.

Ritchie 21 [Hannah; January 14th;PhD, Senior Researcher and Head of Research at Our World In Data, PhD in GeoSciences from the University of Edinburgh, “Do We Only Have 60 Harvests Left?”, Our World in Data, https://ourworldindata.org/soil-lifespans]

The claim the world has 60 or 30 harvests left there is no basis claims are overblown rates span five orders of magnitude. Some have a lifespan over 5000 years a study looked at Leicester Not informative for the world’s soils There is no single lifespan of soils recent study drew upon a database of 4285 measured soil erosion rates 240 studies best proxy was erosion rates of topsoil around 30 centimeters if thinning by 0.5 every year, it would take 60 years Conventional soils represent ‘business-as-usual “60 harvests” is clearly false 90% of soils had a ‘lifespan’ greater median 491 Half greater than 1,000 and 18% 10,000 years some not eroding at all 7% were thickening It’s implausible they all degrad at the same rate


Question: soil lifespan claims overblown

No soil impact.

Ritchie 21 [Hannah; January 14th;PhD, Senior Researcher and Head of Research at Our World In Data, PhD in GeoSciences from the University of Edinburgh, “Do We Only Have 60 Harvests Left?”, Our World in Data, https://ourworldindata.org/soil-lifespans]

The claim the world has 60 or 30 harvests left there is no basis claims are overblown rates span five orders of magnitude. Some have a lifespan over 5000 years a study looked at Leicester Not informative for the world’s soils There is no single lifespan of soils recent study drew upon a database of 4285 measured soil erosion rates 240 studies best proxy was erosion rates of topsoil around 30 centimeters if thinning by 0.5 every year, it would take 60 years Conventional soils represent ‘business-as-usual “60 harvests” is clearly false 90% of soils had a ‘lifespan’ greater median 491 Half greater than 1,000 and 18% 10,000 years some not eroding at all 7% were thickening It’s implausible they all degrad at the same rate


Question: soil erosion rates

No soil impact.

Ritchie 21 [Hannah; January 14th;PhD, Senior Researcher and Head of Research at Our World In Data, PhD in GeoSciences from the University of Edinburgh, “Do We Only Have 60 Harvests Left?”, Our World in Data, https://ourworldindata.org/soil-lifespans]

The claim the world has 60 or 30 harvests left there is no basis claims are overblown rates span five orders of magnitude. Some have a lifespan over 5000 years a study looked at Leicester Not informative for the world’s soils There is no single lifespan of soils recent study drew upon a database of 4285 measured soil erosion rates 240 studies best proxy was erosion rates of topsoil around 30 centimeters if thinning by 0.5 every year, it would take 60 years Conventional soils represent ‘business-as-usual “60 harvests” is clearly false 90% of soils had a ‘lifespan’ greater median 491 Half greater than 1,000 and 18% 10,000 years some not eroding at all 7% were thickening It’s implausible they all degrad at the same rate


Question: soil lifespan greater than 1000

No soil impact.

Ritchie 21 [Hannah; January 14th;PhD, Senior Researcher and Head of Research at Our World In Data, PhD in GeoSciences from the University of Edinburgh, “Do We Only Have 60 Harvests Left?”, Our World in Data, https://ourworldindata.org/soil-lifespans]

The claim the world has 60 or 30 harvests left there is no basis claims are overblown rates span five orders of magnitude. Some have a lifespan over 5000 years a study looked at Leicester Not informative for the world’s soils There is no single lifespan of soils recent study drew upon a database of 4285 measured soil erosion rates 240 studies best proxy was erosion rates of topsoil around 30 centimeters if thinning by 0.5 every year, it would take 60 years Conventional soils represent ‘business-as-usual “60 harvests” is clearly false 90% of soils had a ‘lifespan’ greater median 491 Half greater than 1,000 and 18% 10,000 years some not eroding at all 7% were thickening It’s implausible they all degrad at the same rate


Question: Existential risk debating good

3---Existential risk debating is valuable.

Tutton 22 [Richard Tutton is Senior Lecturer in Sociology at Lancaster University, UK, and co-editor of Genetic Databases: Socio-Ethical Issues in the Collection and Use of DNA. "The Sociology of Futurelessness." https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00380385221122420]

Sociologists need to recognise specificities For many groups futures were foreclosed by white settlers  and colonisers Battistoni asks how scholars can translate urgency of the “ no future” sensibility’  to something more than fetishist apocalypticism Only by addressing urgencies of now’ do societies stand a chance of working towards ‘ new futures’  that avoid or better face up to catastrophes This  opens space  for counterfutures’ Mitchell discuss in their work counterfutures’ attest to how Indigenous Peoples are living with the ‘ wreckage


Question: Tutton 22

3---Existential risk debating is valuable.

Tutton 22 [Richard Tutton is Senior Lecturer in Sociology at Lancaster University, UK, and co-editor of Genetic Databases: Socio-Ethical Issues in the Collection and Use of DNA. "The Sociology of Futurelessness." https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00380385221122420]

Sociologists need to recognise specificities For many groups futures were foreclosed by white settlers  and colonisers Battistoni asks how scholars can translate urgency of the “ no future” sensibility’  to something more than fetishist apocalypticism Only by addressing urgencies of now’ do societies stand a chance of working towards ‘ new futures’  that avoid or better face up to catastrophes This  opens space  for counterfutures’ Mitchell discuss in their work counterfutures’ attest to how Indigenous Peoples are living with the ‘ wreckage


Question: Sociology of Futurelessness

3---Existential risk debating is valuable.

Tutton 22 [Richard Tutton is Senior Lecturer in Sociology at Lancaster University, UK, and co-editor of Genetic Databases: Socio-Ethical Issues in the Collection and Use of DNA. "The Sociology of Futurelessness." https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00380385221122420]

Sociologists need to recognise specificities For many groups futures were foreclosed by white settlers  and colonisers Battistoni asks how scholars can translate urgency of the “ no future” sensibility’  to something more than fetishist apocalypticism Only by addressing urgencies of now’ do societies stand a chance of working towards ‘ new futures’  that avoid or better face up to catastrophes This  opens space  for counterfutures’ Mitchell discuss in their work counterfutures’ attest to how Indigenous Peoples are living with the ‘ wreckage


Question: addressing urgencies of now

3---Existential risk debating is valuable.

Tutton 22 [Richard Tutton is Senior Lecturer in Sociology at Lancaster University, UK, and co-editor of Genetic Databases: Socio-Ethical Issues in the Collection and Use of DNA. "The Sociology of Futurelessness." https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00380385221122420]

Sociologists need to recognise specificities For many groups futures were foreclosed by white settlers  and colonisers Battistoni asks how scholars can translate urgency of the “ no future” sensibility’  to something more than fetishist apocalypticism Only by addressing urgencies of now’ do societies stand a chance of working towards ‘ new futures’  that avoid or better face up to catastrophes This  opens space  for counterfutures’ Mitchell discuss in their work counterfutures’ attest to how Indigenous Peoples are living with the ‘ wreckage


Question: sociologists need to recognize specificities

3---Existential risk debating is valuable.

Tutton 22 [Richard Tutton is Senior Lecturer in Sociology at Lancaster University, UK, and co-editor of Genetic Databases: Socio-Ethical Issues in the Collection and Use of DNA. "The Sociology of Futurelessness." https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00380385221122420]

Sociologists need to recognise specificities For many groups futures were foreclosed by white settlers  and colonisers Battistoni asks how scholars can translate urgency of the “ no future” sensibility’  to something more than fetishist apocalypticism Only by addressing urgencies of now’ do societies stand a chance of working towards ‘ new futures’  that avoid or better face up to catastrophes This  opens space  for counterfutures’ Mitchell discuss in their work counterfutures’ attest to how Indigenous Peoples are living with the ‘ wreckage


Question: debating valuable

3---Existential risk debating is valuable.

Tutton 22 [Richard Tutton is Senior Lecturer in Sociology at Lancaster University, UK, and co-editor of Genetic Databases: Socio-Ethical Issues in the Collection and Use of DNA. "The Sociology of Futurelessness." https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00380385221122420]

Sociologists need to recognise specificities For many groups futures were foreclosed by white settlers  and colonisers Battistoni asks how scholars can translate urgency of the “ no future” sensibility’  to something more than fetishist apocalypticism Only by addressing urgencies of now’ do societies stand a chance of working towards ‘ new futures’  that avoid or better face up to catastrophes This  opens space  for counterfutures’ Mitchell discuss in their work counterfutures’ attest to how Indigenous Peoples are living with the ‘ wreckage


Question: avoid catastrophes

3---Existential risk debating is valuable.

Tutton 22 [Richard Tutton is Senior Lecturer in Sociology at Lancaster University, UK, and co-editor of Genetic Databases: Socio-Ethical Issues in the Collection and Use of DNA. "The Sociology of Futurelessness." https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00380385221122420]

Sociologists need to recognise specificities For many groups futures were foreclosed by white settlers  and colonisers Battistoni asks how scholars can translate urgency of the “ no future” sensibility’  to something more than fetishist apocalypticism Only by addressing urgencies of now’ do societies stand a chance of working towards ‘ new futures’  that avoid or better face up to catastrophes This  opens space  for counterfutures’ Mitchell discuss in their work counterfutures’ attest to how Indigenous Peoples are living with the ‘ wreckage


Question: Trump effect solvable polling

The Trump effect is a solvable problem using diverse response methods, increased polling orgs, and adjusting on more variables

Keeter and Kennedy 8-28 [Scott Keeter is a senior survey advisor at Pew Research Center, and Courtney Kennedy is Vice President of Methods and Innovation at Pew Research Center. 8-28-2024 https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/08/28/key-things-to-know-about-us-election-polling-in-2024/]

Confidence in polling shaken by 16 and 20 people are working to fix the problems experimenting with more data sources and approaches number of polling org s has grown significantly shifted from telephone to online or some combination methodologies are far more diverse weighting a poll on just a few variables is insufficient Adjusting on more variables produces more accurate results 2022 saw accurate polling more accurate than in any cycle since 98 with almost no bias if the most recent election there’s plenty of reason to be encouraged observers speculated about shy Trump effect .” But experts turned up no evidence in support other explanations more likely difficulty estimating turn out Republicans little less likely to participate in polls


Question: Keeter and Kennedy 8-28

The Trump effect is a solvable problem using diverse response methods, increased polling orgs, and adjusting on more variables

Keeter and Kennedy 8-28 [Scott Keeter is a senior survey advisor at Pew Research Center, and Courtney Kennedy is Vice President of Methods and Innovation at Pew Research Center. 8-28-2024 https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/08/28/key-things-to-know-about-us-election-polling-in-2024/]

Confidence in polling shaken by 16 and 20 people are working to fix the problems experimenting with more data sources and approaches number of polling org s has grown significantly shifted from telephone to online or some combination methodologies are far more diverse weighting a poll on just a few variables is insufficient Adjusting on more variables produces more accurate results 2022 saw accurate polling more accurate than in any cycle since 98 with almost no bias if the most recent election there’s plenty of reason to be encouraged observers speculated about shy Trump effect .” But experts turned up no evidence in support other explanations more likely difficulty estimating turn out Republicans little less likely to participate in polls


Question: Keeter polling

The Trump effect is a solvable problem using diverse response methods, increased polling orgs, and adjusting on more variables

Keeter and Kennedy 8-28 [Scott Keeter is a senior survey advisor at Pew Research Center, and Courtney Kennedy is Vice President of Methods and Innovation at Pew Research Center. 8-28-2024 https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/08/28/key-things-to-know-about-us-election-polling-in-2024/]

Confidence in polling shaken by 16 and 20 people are working to fix the problems experimenting with more data sources and approaches number of polling org s has grown significantly shifted from telephone to online or some combination methodologies are far more diverse weighting a poll on just a few variables is insufficient Adjusting on more variables produces more accurate results 2022 saw accurate polling more accurate than in any cycle since 98 with almost no bias if the most recent election there’s plenty of reason to be encouraged observers speculated about shy Trump effect .” But experts turned up no evidence in support other explanations more likely difficulty estimating turn out Republicans little less likely to participate in polls


Question: polling orgs increased

The Trump effect is a solvable problem using diverse response methods, increased polling orgs, and adjusting on more variables

Keeter and Kennedy 8-28 [Scott Keeter is a senior survey advisor at Pew Research Center, and Courtney Kennedy is Vice President of Methods and Innovation at Pew Research Center. 8-28-2024 https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/08/28/key-things-to-know-about-us-election-polling-in-2024/]

Confidence in polling shaken by 16 and 20 people are working to fix the problems experimenting with more data sources and approaches number of polling org s has grown significantly shifted from telephone to online or some combination methodologies are far more diverse weighting a poll on just a few variables is insufficient Adjusting on more variables produces more accurate results 2022 saw accurate polling more accurate than in any cycle since 98 with almost no bias if the most recent election there’s plenty of reason to be encouraged observers speculated about shy Trump effect .” But experts turned up no evidence in support other explanations more likely difficulty estimating turn out Republicans little less likely to participate in polls


Question: polling more accurate now

The Trump effect is a solvable problem using diverse response methods, increased polling orgs, and adjusting on more variables

Keeter and Kennedy 8-28 [Scott Keeter is a senior survey advisor at Pew Research Center, and Courtney Kennedy is Vice President of Methods and Innovation at Pew Research Center. 8-28-2024 https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/08/28/key-things-to-know-about-us-election-polling-in-2024/]

Confidence in polling shaken by 16 and 20 people are working to fix the problems experimenting with more data sources and approaches number of polling org s has grown significantly shifted from telephone to online or some combination methodologies are far more diverse weighting a poll on just a few variables is insufficient Adjusting on more variables produces more accurate results 2022 saw accurate polling more accurate than in any cycle since 98 with almost no bias if the most recent election there’s plenty of reason to be encouraged observers speculated about shy Trump effect .” But experts turned up no evidence in support other explanations more likely difficulty estimating turn out Republicans little less likely to participate in polls


Question: Trump effect not real

The Trump effect is a solvable problem using diverse response methods, increased polling orgs, and adjusting on more variables

Keeter and Kennedy 8-28 [Scott Keeter is a senior survey advisor at Pew Research Center, and Courtney Kennedy is Vice President of Methods and Innovation at Pew Research Center. 8-28-2024 https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/08/28/key-things-to-know-about-us-election-polling-in-2024/]

Confidence in polling shaken by 16 and 20 people are working to fix the problems experimenting with more data sources and approaches number of polling org s has grown significantly shifted from telephone to online or some combination methodologies are far more diverse weighting a poll on just a few variables is insufficient Adjusting on more variables produces more accurate results 2022 saw accurate polling more accurate than in any cycle since 98 with almost no bias if the most recent election there’s plenty of reason to be encouraged observers speculated about shy Trump effect .” But experts turned up no evidence in support other explanations more likely difficulty estimating turn out Republicans little less likely to participate in polls


Question: shy Trump effect polling

The Trump effect is a solvable problem using diverse response methods, increased polling orgs, and adjusting on more variables

Keeter and Kennedy 8-28 [Scott Keeter is a senior survey advisor at Pew Research Center, and Courtney Kennedy is Vice President of Methods and Innovation at Pew Research Center. 8-28-2024 https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/08/28/key-things-to-know-about-us-election-polling-in-2024/]

Confidence in polling shaken by 16 and 20 people are working to fix the problems experimenting with more data sources and approaches number of polling org s has grown significantly shifted from telephone to online or some combination methodologies are far more diverse weighting a poll on just a few variables is insufficient Adjusting on more variables produces more accurate results 2022 saw accurate polling more accurate than in any cycle since 98 with almost no bias if the most recent election there’s plenty of reason to be encouraged observers speculated about shy Trump effect .” But experts turned up no evidence in support other explanations more likely difficulty estimating turn out Republicans little less likely to participate in polls


Question: adjusting on more variables

The Trump effect is a solvable problem using diverse response methods, increased polling orgs, and adjusting on more variables

Keeter and Kennedy 8-28 [Scott Keeter is a senior survey advisor at Pew Research Center, and Courtney Kennedy is Vice President of Methods and Innovation at Pew Research Center. 8-28-2024 https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/08/28/key-things-to-know-about-us-election-polling-in-2024/]

Confidence in polling shaken by 16 and 20 people are working to fix the problems experimenting with more data sources and approaches number of polling org s has grown significantly shifted from telephone to online or some combination methodologies are far more diverse weighting a poll on just a few variables is insufficient Adjusting on more variables produces more accurate results 2022 saw accurate polling more accurate than in any cycle since 98 with almost no bias if the most recent election there’s plenty of reason to be encouraged observers speculated about shy Trump effect .” But experts turned up no evidence in support other explanations more likely difficulty estimating turn out Republicans little less likely to participate in polls


Question: Consumption reduction worse pollution

Reducing consumption by economic downsizing cause worse pollution, offshoring, populism, and lacks support.

Naudé 23, former Senior Research Fellow, Oxford University (Wim Naudé, 2023, “Chapter 5: The Degrowth Movement,” in Economic Growth and Societal Collapse: Beyond Green Growth and Degrowth Fairy Tales, Palgrave MacMillan, University of Kansas Libraries, ILL)

Degrowth may worsen ecological overshoot countries have less to invest in climate mitigation tech firms substitute for cheaper polluting , tech government revenues will drop not be able to spend on environmental protection rich countries revert to environmental destruction the Global South , is likely to stimulate growth Degrowth is infeasible people attach high value to current GDP be unlikely to vote for lowering And politicians subject to status quo bias, would be reluctant Degrowth set the world on the path to rejecting democracy reverting to authoritarian collective


Question: Naude 23

Reducing consumption by economic downsizing cause worse pollution, offshoring, populism, and lacks support.

Naudé 23, former Senior Research Fellow, Oxford University (Wim Naudé, 2023, “Chapter 5: The Degrowth Movement,” in Economic Growth and Societal Collapse: Beyond Green Growth and Degrowth Fairy Tales, Palgrave MacMillan, University of Kansas Libraries, ILL)

Degrowth may worsen ecological overshoot countries have less to invest in climate mitigation tech firms substitute for cheaper polluting , tech government revenues will drop not be able to spend on environmental protection rich countries revert to environmental destruction the Global South , is likely to stimulate growth Degrowth is infeasible people attach high value to current GDP be unlikely to vote for lowering And politicians subject to status quo bias, would be reluctant Degrowth set the world on the path to rejecting democracy reverting to authoritarian collective


Question: economic downsizing

Reducing consumption by economic downsizing cause worse pollution, offshoring, populism, and lacks support.

Naudé 23, former Senior Research Fellow, Oxford University (Wim Naudé, 2023, “Chapter 5: The Degrowth Movement,” in Economic Growth and Societal Collapse: Beyond Green Growth and Degrowth Fairy Tales, Palgrave MacMillan, University of Kansas Libraries, ILL)

Degrowth may worsen ecological overshoot countries have less to invest in climate mitigation tech firms substitute for cheaper polluting , tech government revenues will drop not be able to spend on environmental protection rich countries revert to environmental destruction the Global South , is likely to stimulate growth Degrowth is infeasible people attach high value to current GDP be unlikely to vote for lowering And politicians subject to status quo bias, would be reluctant Degrowth set the world on the path to rejecting democracy reverting to authoritarian collective


Question: degrowth authoritarianism

Reducing consumption by economic downsizing cause worse pollution, offshoring, populism, and lacks support.

Naudé 23, former Senior Research Fellow, Oxford University (Wim Naudé, 2023, “Chapter 5: The Degrowth Movement,” in Economic Growth and Societal Collapse: Beyond Green Growth and Degrowth Fairy Tales, Palgrave MacMillan, University of Kansas Libraries, ILL)

Degrowth may worsen ecological overshoot countries have less to invest in climate mitigation tech firms substitute for cheaper polluting , tech government revenues will drop not be able to spend on environmental protection rich countries revert to environmental destruction the Global South , is likely to stimulate growth Degrowth is infeasible people attach high value to current GDP be unlikely to vote for lowering And politicians subject to status quo bias, would be reluctant Degrowth set the world on the path to rejecting democracy reverting to authoritarian collective


Question: degrowth worse for environment

Reducing consumption by economic downsizing cause worse pollution, offshoring, populism, and lacks support.

Naudé 23, former Senior Research Fellow, Oxford University (Wim Naudé, 2023, “Chapter 5: The Degrowth Movement,” in Economic Growth and Societal Collapse: Beyond Green Growth and Degrowth Fairy Tales, Palgrave MacMillan, University of Kansas Libraries, ILL)

Degrowth may worsen ecological overshoot countries have less to invest in climate mitigation tech firms substitute for cheaper polluting , tech government revenues will drop not be able to spend on environmental protection rich countries revert to environmental destruction the Global South , is likely to stimulate growth Degrowth is infeasible people attach high value to current GDP be unlikely to vote for lowering And politicians subject to status quo bias, would be reluctant Degrowth set the world on the path to rejecting democracy reverting to authoritarian collective


Question: degrowth unpopular

Reducing consumption by economic downsizing cause worse pollution, offshoring, populism, and lacks support.

Naudé 23, former Senior Research Fellow, Oxford University (Wim Naudé, 2023, “Chapter 5: The Degrowth Movement,” in Economic Growth and Societal Collapse: Beyond Green Growth and Degrowth Fairy Tales, Palgrave MacMillan, University of Kansas Libraries, ILL)

Degrowth may worsen ecological overshoot countries have less to invest in climate mitigation tech firms substitute for cheaper polluting , tech government revenues will drop not be able to spend on environmental protection rich countries revert to environmental destruction the Global South , is likely to stimulate growth Degrowth is infeasible people attach high value to current GDP be unlikely to vote for lowering And politicians subject to status quo bias, would be reluctant Degrowth set the world on the path to rejecting democracy reverting to authoritarian collective


Question: Trump win collapses alliances nuclear war

Trump win collapses alliances and escalates all hotspots – nuclear war.

Rhodes 24 (Ben, served as U.S. Deputy National Security Adviser for Strategic Communications and Speechwriting in the Obama administration https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/biden-foreign-policy-world-rhodes , July/August)

second Trump pursue politically motivated shortcuts Taliban pulled out of Iran unshackling nuclear program escalating proxy war emboldened Israel tough line with China was episodic and embracing Kim enabled No Ko to advance nuclear programs maximum pressure fueled humanitarian crises fewer guardrails strongman nationalism create permission structure for aggression. withdrawal of NATO embolden Putin Kim could ratchet up provocations China ready for invasion of Taiwan


Question: Rhodes 24

Trump win collapses alliances and escalates all hotspots – nuclear war.

Rhodes 24 (Ben, served as U.S. Deputy National Security Adviser for Strategic Communications and Speechwriting in the Obama administration https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/biden-foreign-policy-world-rhodes , July/August)

second Trump pursue politically motivated shortcuts Taliban pulled out of Iran unshackling nuclear program escalating proxy war emboldened Israel tough line with China was episodic and embracing Kim enabled No Ko to advance nuclear programs maximum pressure fueled humanitarian crises fewer guardrails strongman nationalism create permission structure for aggression. withdrawal of NATO embolden Putin Kim could ratchet up provocations China ready for invasion of Taiwan


Question: Trump win escalates hotspots

Trump win collapses alliances and escalates all hotspots – nuclear war.

Rhodes 24 (Ben, served as U.S. Deputy National Security Adviser for Strategic Communications and Speechwriting in the Obama administration https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/biden-foreign-policy-world-rhodes , July/August)

second Trump pursue politically motivated shortcuts Taliban pulled out of Iran unshackling nuclear program escalating proxy war emboldened Israel tough line with China was episodic and embracing Kim enabled No Ko to advance nuclear programs maximum pressure fueled humanitarian crises fewer guardrails strongman nationalism create permission structure for aggression. withdrawal of NATO embolden Putin Kim could ratchet up provocations China ready for invasion of Taiwan


Question: Trump emboldens Putin and Kim

Trump win collapses alliances and escalates all hotspots – nuclear war.

Rhodes 24 (Ben, served as U.S. Deputy National Security Adviser for Strategic Communications and Speechwriting in the Obama administration https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/biden-foreign-policy-world-rhodes , July/August)

second Trump pursue politically motivated shortcuts Taliban pulled out of Iran unshackling nuclear program escalating proxy war emboldened Israel tough line with China was episodic and embracing Kim enabled No Ko to advance nuclear programs maximum pressure fueled humanitarian crises fewer guardrails strongman nationalism create permission structure for aggression. withdrawal of NATO embolden Putin Kim could ratchet up provocations China ready for invasion of Taiwan


Question: Trump foreign policy bad

Trump win collapses alliances and escalates all hotspots – nuclear war.

Rhodes 24 (Ben, served as U.S. Deputy National Security Adviser for Strategic Communications and Speechwriting in the Obama administration https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/biden-foreign-policy-world-rhodes , July/August)

second Trump pursue politically motivated shortcuts Taliban pulled out of Iran unshackling nuclear program escalating proxy war emboldened Israel tough line with China was episodic and embracing Kim enabled No Ko to advance nuclear programs maximum pressure fueled humanitarian crises fewer guardrails strongman nationalism create permission structure for aggression. withdrawal of NATO embolden Putin Kim could ratchet up provocations China ready for invasion of Taiwan


Question: Trump withdrawal of NATO

Trump win collapses alliances and escalates all hotspots – nuclear war.

Rhodes 24 (Ben, served as U.S. Deputy National Security Adviser for Strategic Communications and Speechwriting in the Obama administration https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/biden-foreign-policy-world-rhodes , July/August)

second Trump pursue politically motivated shortcuts Taliban pulled out of Iran unshackling nuclear program escalating proxy war emboldened Israel tough line with China was episodic and embracing Kim enabled No Ko to advance nuclear programs maximum pressure fueled humanitarian crises fewer guardrails strongman nationalism create permission structure for aggression. withdrawal of NATO embolden Putin Kim could ratchet up provocations China ready for invasion of Taiwan


Question: Trump enables North Korea nuclear programs

Trump win collapses alliances and escalates all hotspots – nuclear war.

Rhodes 24 (Ben, served as U.S. Deputy National Security Adviser for Strategic Communications and Speechwriting in the Obama administration https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/biden-foreign-policy-world-rhodes , July/August)

second Trump pursue politically motivated shortcuts Taliban pulled out of Iran unshackling nuclear program escalating proxy war emboldened Israel tough line with China was episodic and embracing Kim enabled No Ko to advance nuclear programs maximum pressure fueled humanitarian crises fewer guardrails strongman nationalism create permission structure for aggression. withdrawal of NATO embolden Putin Kim could ratchet up provocations China ready for invasion of Taiwan


Question: Norway solves

Norway Solves.

Carbon, 6/12 – Carbon Management and ETS Compliance organization. (Carlton Carbon, 6-12-2024, "LNG Availability and EU Elections Keep EU ETS Allowances Flat", Maritime Executive, https://maritime-executive.com/corporate/lng-availability-and-eu-elections-keep-eu-ets-allowances-flat)//Neo

EU allowances showing gas-driven rally running out of steam rebound in Norwegian production  relieves  energy supply fears reminders of a fundamentally oversupplied market balance The cumulative effect of net-excess allowance sales can’t be ignored We remain sceptical of lasting recovery


Question: Carbon 6/12 Norway

Norway Solves.

Carbon, 6/12 – Carbon Management and ETS Compliance organization. (Carlton Carbon, 6-12-2024, "LNG Availability and EU Elections Keep EU ETS Allowances Flat", Maritime Executive, https://maritime-executive.com/corporate/lng-availability-and-eu-elections-keep-eu-ets-allowances-flat)//Neo

EU allowances showing gas-driven rally running out of steam rebound in Norwegian production  relieves  energy supply fears reminders of a fundamentally oversupplied market balance The cumulative effect of net-excess allowance sales can’t be ignored We remain sceptical of lasting recovery


Question: Carbon Management

Norway Solves.

Carbon, 6/12 – Carbon Management and ETS Compliance organization. (Carlton Carbon, 6-12-2024, "LNG Availability and EU Elections Keep EU ETS Allowances Flat", Maritime Executive, https://maritime-executive.com/corporate/lng-availability-and-eu-elections-keep-eu-ets-allowances-flat)//Neo

EU allowances showing gas-driven rally running out of steam rebound in Norwegian production  relieves  energy supply fears reminders of a fundamentally oversupplied market balance The cumulative effect of net-excess allowance sales can’t be ignored We remain sceptical of lasting recovery


Question: Norwegian production energy

Norway Solves.

Carbon, 6/12 – Carbon Management and ETS Compliance organization. (Carlton Carbon, 6-12-2024, "LNG Availability and EU Elections Keep EU ETS Allowances Flat", Maritime Executive, https://maritime-executive.com/corporate/lng-availability-and-eu-elections-keep-eu-ets-allowances-flat)//Neo

EU allowances showing gas-driven rally running out of steam rebound in Norwegian production  relieves  energy supply fears reminders of a fundamentally oversupplied market balance The cumulative effect of net-excess allowance sales can’t be ignored We remain sceptical of lasting recovery


Question: EU allowances gas-driven rally

Norway Solves.

Carbon, 6/12 – Carbon Management and ETS Compliance organization. (Carlton Carbon, 6-12-2024, "LNG Availability and EU Elections Keep EU ETS Allowances Flat", Maritime Executive, https://maritime-executive.com/corporate/lng-availability-and-eu-elections-keep-eu-ets-allowances-flat)//Neo

EU allowances showing gas-driven rally running out of steam rebound in Norwegian production  relieves  energy supply fears reminders of a fundamentally oversupplied market balance The cumulative effect of net-excess allowance sales can’t be ignored We remain sceptical of lasting recovery


Question: oversupplied market balance

Norway Solves.

Carbon, 6/12 – Carbon Management and ETS Compliance organization. (Carlton Carbon, 6-12-2024, "LNG Availability and EU Elections Keep EU ETS Allowances Flat", Maritime Executive, https://maritime-executive.com/corporate/lng-availability-and-eu-elections-keep-eu-ets-allowances-flat)//Neo

EU allowances showing gas-driven rally running out of steam rebound in Norwegian production  relieves  energy supply fears reminders of a fundamentally oversupplied market balance The cumulative effect of net-excess allowance sales can’t be ignored We remain sceptical of lasting recovery


Question: Norway solves energy supply fears

Norway Solves.

Carbon, 6/12 – Carbon Management and ETS Compliance organization. (Carlton Carbon, 6-12-2024, "LNG Availability and EU Elections Keep EU ETS Allowances Flat", Maritime Executive, https://maritime-executive.com/corporate/lng-availability-and-eu-elections-keep-eu-ets-allowances-flat)//Neo

EU allowances showing gas-driven rally running out of steam rebound in Norwegian production  relieves  energy supply fears reminders of a fundamentally oversupplied market balance The cumulative effect of net-excess allowance sales can’t be ignored We remain sceptical of lasting recovery


Question: Fossil fuel subsidies alt cause

Fossil fuel subsidies alt cause. They muddy the plan’s price signal.

Green 21, PhD, assistant professor of political science at Case Western Reserve University. (Jessica F., “Beyond Carbon Pricing: Tax Reform is Climate Policy,” Global Policy, DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.12920)

pricing cannot establish clear market signals as long as fossil subsidies create a countervailing negative price fossil subsidies amounted to 5.2 trillion Subsidies render the average global price of carbon below zero pricing is failing on its own terms


Question: Green 21

Fossil fuel subsidies alt cause. They muddy the plan’s price signal.

Green 21, PhD, assistant professor of political science at Case Western Reserve University. (Jessica F., “Beyond Carbon Pricing: Tax Reform is Climate Policy,” Global Policy, DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.12920)

pricing cannot establish clear market signals as long as fossil subsidies create a countervailing negative price fossil subsidies amounted to 5.2 trillion Subsidies render the average global price of carbon below zero pricing is failing on its own terms


Question: fossil subsidies muddy the price

Fossil fuel subsidies alt cause. They muddy the plan’s price signal.

Green 21, PhD, assistant professor of political science at Case Western Reserve University. (Jessica F., “Beyond Carbon Pricing: Tax Reform is Climate Policy,” Global Policy, DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.12920)

pricing cannot establish clear market signals as long as fossil subsidies create a countervailing negative price fossil subsidies amounted to 5.2 trillion Subsidies render the average global price of carbon below zero pricing is failing on its own terms


Question: fossil subsidies negate carbon price

Fossil fuel subsidies alt cause. They muddy the plan’s price signal.

Green 21, PhD, assistant professor of political science at Case Western Reserve University. (Jessica F., “Beyond Carbon Pricing: Tax Reform is Climate Policy,” Global Policy, DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.12920)

pricing cannot establish clear market signals as long as fossil subsidies create a countervailing negative price fossil subsidies amounted to 5.2 trillion Subsidies render the average global price of carbon below zero pricing is failing on its own terms


Question: countervailing negative price

Fossil fuel subsidies alt cause. They muddy the plan’s price signal.

Green 21, PhD, assistant professor of political science at Case Western Reserve University. (Jessica F., “Beyond Carbon Pricing: Tax Reform is Climate Policy,” Global Policy, DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.12920)

pricing cannot establish clear market signals as long as fossil subsidies create a countervailing negative price fossil subsidies amounted to 5.2 trillion Subsidies render the average global price of carbon below zero pricing is failing on its own terms


Question: 5.2 trillion in fossil subsidies

Fossil fuel subsidies alt cause. They muddy the plan’s price signal.

Green 21, PhD, assistant professor of political science at Case Western Reserve University. (Jessica F., “Beyond Carbon Pricing: Tax Reform is Climate Policy,” Global Policy, DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.12920)

pricing cannot establish clear market signals as long as fossil subsidies create a countervailing negative price fossil subsidies amounted to 5.2 trillion Subsidies render the average global price of carbon below zero pricing is failing on its own terms


Question: carbon price below zero

Fossil fuel subsidies alt cause. They muddy the plan’s price signal.

Green 21, PhD, assistant professor of political science at Case Western Reserve University. (Jessica F., “Beyond Carbon Pricing: Tax Reform is Climate Policy,” Global Policy, DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.12920)

pricing cannot establish clear market signals as long as fossil subsidies create a countervailing negative price fossil subsidies amounted to 5.2 trillion Subsidies render the average global price of carbon below zero pricing is failing on its own terms


Question: Federalism is key to democracy

Federalism is key to democracy

Donald F. Kettl, 1-18-2022, columnist for Governing, is a professor emeritus and the former dean of the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park. "Can Federalism Save American Democracy? Maybe …," Governing, https://www.governing.com/now/can-federalism-save-american-democracy-maybe -- MoState JG

American democracy collapse causing political instability violence right-wing dictatorship American democracy at risk of failing preserving the power of states would prevent tyranny Go local people trust the government they interact most with programs and agencies that deliver value to them easier to trust things we see The best bet for saving American democracy lies with state and local governments


Question: Kettl 1-18-2022

Federalism is key to democracy

Donald F. Kettl, 1-18-2022, columnist for Governing, is a professor emeritus and the former dean of the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park. "Can Federalism Save American Democracy? Maybe …," Governing, https://www.governing.com/now/can-federalism-save-american-democracy-maybe -- MoState JG

American democracy collapse causing political instability violence right-wing dictatorship American democracy at risk of failing preserving the power of states would prevent tyranny Go local people trust the government they interact most with programs and agencies that deliver value to them easier to trust things we see The best bet for saving American democracy lies with state and local governments


Question: Donald Kettl federalism

Federalism is key to democracy

Donald F. Kettl, 1-18-2022, columnist for Governing, is a professor emeritus and the former dean of the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park. "Can Federalism Save American Democracy? Maybe …," Governing, https://www.governing.com/now/can-federalism-save-american-democracy-maybe -- MoState JG

American democracy collapse causing political instability violence right-wing dictatorship American democracy at risk of failing preserving the power of states would prevent tyranny Go local people trust the government they interact most with programs and agencies that deliver value to them easier to trust things we see The best bet for saving American democracy lies with state and local governments


Question: democracy collapse political instability

Federalism is key to democracy

Donald F. Kettl, 1-18-2022, columnist for Governing, is a professor emeritus and the former dean of the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park. "Can Federalism Save American Democracy? Maybe …," Governing, https://www.governing.com/now/can-federalism-save-american-democracy-maybe -- MoState JG

American democracy collapse causing political instability violence right-wing dictatorship American democracy at risk of failing preserving the power of states would prevent tyranny Go local people trust the government they interact most with programs and agencies that deliver value to them easier to trust things we see The best bet for saving American democracy lies with state and local governments


Question: trust local government

Federalism is key to democracy

Donald F. Kettl, 1-18-2022, columnist for Governing, is a professor emeritus and the former dean of the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park. "Can Federalism Save American Democracy? Maybe …," Governing, https://www.governing.com/now/can-federalism-save-american-democracy-maybe -- MoState JG

American democracy collapse causing political instability violence right-wing dictatorship American democracy at risk of failing preserving the power of states would prevent tyranny Go local people trust the government they interact most with programs and agencies that deliver value to them easier to trust things we see The best bet for saving American democracy lies with state and local governments


Question: preserving power of states

Federalism is key to democracy

Donald F. Kettl, 1-18-2022, columnist for Governing, is a professor emeritus and the former dean of the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park. "Can Federalism Save American Democracy? Maybe …," Governing, https://www.governing.com/now/can-federalism-save-american-democracy-maybe -- MoState JG

American democracy collapse causing political instability violence right-wing dictatorship American democracy at risk of failing preserving the power of states would prevent tyranny Go local people trust the government they interact most with programs and agencies that deliver value to them easier to trust things we see The best bet for saving American democracy lies with state and local governments


Question: federalism saves democracy

Federalism is key to democracy

Donald F. Kettl, 1-18-2022, columnist for Governing, is a professor emeritus and the former dean of the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park. "Can Federalism Save American Democracy? Maybe …," Governing, https://www.governing.com/now/can-federalism-save-american-democracy-maybe -- MoState JG

American democracy collapse causing political instability violence right-wing dictatorship American democracy at risk of failing preserving the power of states would prevent tyranny Go local people trust the government they interact most with programs and agencies that deliver value to them easier to trust things we see The best bet for saving American democracy lies with state and local governments


Question: Double taxation struck down

Double taxation is struck down.

Travis H. Brown 15, Former Contributor, Forbes, "The Supreme Court Speaks, Maryland's Double Taxation Is Unconstitutional," Forbes, 05/26/2015, https://www.forbes.com/sites/travisbrown/2015/05/26/the-supreme-court-speaks-marylands-double-taxation-is-unconstitutional/.

contentious and damaging practice issue became  not just egregious but unconstitutional , per the Supreme Court decision  upholds  a Court of Appeals ruling


Question: Travis Brown 15

Double taxation is struck down.

Travis H. Brown 15, Former Contributor, Forbes, "The Supreme Court Speaks, Maryland's Double Taxation Is Unconstitutional," Forbes, 05/26/2015, https://www.forbes.com/sites/travisbrown/2015/05/26/the-supreme-court-speaks-marylands-double-taxation-is-unconstitutional/.

contentious and damaging practice issue became  not just egregious but unconstitutional , per the Supreme Court decision  upholds  a Court of Appeals ruling


Question: Supreme court double taxation

Double taxation is struck down.

Travis H. Brown 15, Former Contributor, Forbes, "The Supreme Court Speaks, Maryland's Double Taxation Is Unconstitutional," Forbes, 05/26/2015, https://www.forbes.com/sites/travisbrown/2015/05/26/the-supreme-court-speaks-marylands-double-taxation-is-unconstitutional/.

contentious and damaging practice issue became  not just egregious but unconstitutional , per the Supreme Court decision  upholds  a Court of Appeals ruling


Question: Maryland's double taxation

Double taxation is struck down.

Travis H. Brown 15, Former Contributor, Forbes, "The Supreme Court Speaks, Maryland's Double Taxation Is Unconstitutional," Forbes, 05/26/2015, https://www.forbes.com/sites/travisbrown/2015/05/26/the-supreme-court-speaks-marylands-double-taxation-is-unconstitutional/.

contentious and damaging practice issue became  not just egregious but unconstitutional , per the Supreme Court decision  upholds  a Court of Appeals ruling


Question: double taxation unconstitutional

Double taxation is struck down.

Travis H. Brown 15, Former Contributor, Forbes, "The Supreme Court Speaks, Maryland's Double Taxation Is Unconstitutional," Forbes, 05/26/2015, https://www.forbes.com/sites/travisbrown/2015/05/26/the-supreme-court-speaks-marylands-double-taxation-is-unconstitutional/.

contentious and damaging practice issue became  not just egregious but unconstitutional , per the Supreme Court decision  upholds  a Court of Appeals ruling


Question: biodiversity loss not existential

[10] Biodiversity loss is not existential.

Dr. John Halstead 19, PhD, University of Oxford, researcher at Founders Pledge; citing Dr. Peter Kareiva, PhD in ecology and evolutionary biology, Cornell University, director of UCLA’s Institute of the Environment & Sustainability; also citing Valerie Carranza, PhD student in Kareiva’s lab, 5/1/2019, “Centre for the Study of Existential Risk Six Month Report: November 2018 - April 2019,” https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/zbZxisJRJBCdtYvh9/centre-for-the-study-of-existential-risk-six-month-report, pacc

we have to continue current extinctions for 200 years to return to Eocene diversity why would the world be inhospitable if it wasn't for species in the Eocene , who were less numerous than humans and less capable of rational response ev for ecosystem shifts is limited this leaves scope for learning about and correcting damage Humanity will be able to make adjustments


Question: John Halstead 2019

[10] Biodiversity loss is not existential.

Dr. John Halstead 19, PhD, University of Oxford, researcher at Founders Pledge; citing Dr. Peter Kareiva, PhD in ecology and evolutionary biology, Cornell University, director of UCLA’s Institute of the Environment & Sustainability; also citing Valerie Carranza, PhD student in Kareiva’s lab, 5/1/2019, “Centre for the Study of Existential Risk Six Month Report: November 2018 - April 2019,” https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/zbZxisJRJBCdtYvh9/centre-for-the-study-of-existential-risk-six-month-report, pacc

we have to continue current extinctions for 200 years to return to Eocene diversity why would the world be inhospitable if it wasn't for species in the Eocene , who were less numerous than humans and less capable of rational response ev for ecosystem shifts is limited this leaves scope for learning about and correcting damage Humanity will be able to make adjustments


Question: Peter Kareiva

[10] Biodiversity loss is not existential.

Dr. John Halstead 19, PhD, University of Oxford, researcher at Founders Pledge; citing Dr. Peter Kareiva, PhD in ecology and evolutionary biology, Cornell University, director of UCLA’s Institute of the Environment & Sustainability; also citing Valerie Carranza, PhD student in Kareiva’s lab, 5/1/2019, “Centre for the Study of Existential Risk Six Month Report: November 2018 - April 2019,” https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/zbZxisJRJBCdtYvh9/centre-for-the-study-of-existential-risk-six-month-report, pacc

we have to continue current extinctions for 200 years to return to Eocene diversity why would the world be inhospitable if it wasn't for species in the Eocene , who were less numerous than humans and less capable of rational response ev for ecosystem shifts is limited this leaves scope for learning about and correcting damage Humanity will be able to make adjustments


Question: biodiversity loss not an existential risk

[10] Biodiversity loss is not existential.

Dr. John Halstead 19, PhD, University of Oxford, researcher at Founders Pledge; citing Dr. Peter Kareiva, PhD in ecology and evolutionary biology, Cornell University, director of UCLA’s Institute of the Environment & Sustainability; also citing Valerie Carranza, PhD student in Kareiva’s lab, 5/1/2019, “Centre for the Study of Existential Risk Six Month Report: November 2018 - April 2019,” https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/zbZxisJRJBCdtYvh9/centre-for-the-study-of-existential-risk-six-month-report, pacc

we have to continue current extinctions for 200 years to return to Eocene diversity why would the world be inhospitable if it wasn't for species in the Eocene , who were less numerous than humans and less capable of rational response ev for ecosystem shifts is limited this leaves scope for learning about and correcting damage Humanity will be able to make adjustments


Question: Eocene diversity

[10] Biodiversity loss is not existential.

Dr. John Halstead 19, PhD, University of Oxford, researcher at Founders Pledge; citing Dr. Peter Kareiva, PhD in ecology and evolutionary biology, Cornell University, director of UCLA’s Institute of the Environment & Sustainability; also citing Valerie Carranza, PhD student in Kareiva’s lab, 5/1/2019, “Centre for the Study of Existential Risk Six Month Report: November 2018 - April 2019,” https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/zbZxisJRJBCdtYvh9/centre-for-the-study-of-existential-risk-six-month-report, pacc

we have to continue current extinctions for 200 years to return to Eocene diversity why would the world be inhospitable if it wasn't for species in the Eocene , who were less numerous than humans and less capable of rational response ev for ecosystem shifts is limited this leaves scope for learning about and correcting damage Humanity will be able to make adjustments


Question: ecosystem shifts limited

[10] Biodiversity loss is not existential.

Dr. John Halstead 19, PhD, University of Oxford, researcher at Founders Pledge; citing Dr. Peter Kareiva, PhD in ecology and evolutionary biology, Cornell University, director of UCLA’s Institute of the Environment & Sustainability; also citing Valerie Carranza, PhD student in Kareiva’s lab, 5/1/2019, “Centre for the Study of Existential Risk Six Month Report: November 2018 - April 2019,” https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/zbZxisJRJBCdtYvh9/centre-for-the-study-of-existential-risk-six-month-report, pacc

we have to continue current extinctions for 200 years to return to Eocene diversity why would the world be inhospitable if it wasn't for species in the Eocene , who were less numerous than humans and less capable of rational response ev for ecosystem shifts is limited this leaves scope for learning about and correcting damage Humanity will be able to make adjustments


Question: humanity can adjust

[10] Biodiversity loss is not existential.

Dr. John Halstead 19, PhD, University of Oxford, researcher at Founders Pledge; citing Dr. Peter Kareiva, PhD in ecology and evolutionary biology, Cornell University, director of UCLA’s Institute of the Environment & Sustainability; also citing Valerie Carranza, PhD student in Kareiva’s lab, 5/1/2019, “Centre for the Study of Existential Risk Six Month Report: November 2018 - April 2019,” https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/zbZxisJRJBCdtYvh9/centre-for-the-study-of-existential-risk-six-month-report, pacc

we have to continue current extinctions for 200 years to return to Eocene diversity why would the world be inhospitable if it wasn't for species in the Eocene , who were less numerous than humans and less capable of rational response ev for ecosystem shifts is limited this leaves scope for learning about and correcting damage Humanity will be able to make adjustments


Question: Populists won't start wars

Populists won’t start wars.

Yilmaz 22, PhD, chair in Islamic Studies and research professor of political science and international relations at Deakin University’s ADI. Previously, he worked at the Universities of Oxford and London, demonstrating a strong track record of successfully leading multi-site international research projects. At Deakin, his projects have received funding from the Australian Research Council (ARC), Department of Veteran Affairs, Victorian Government, and Gerda Henkel Foundation. (Yilmaz, Ihsan & Saleem, Raja M. Ali. (2022). “Military and Populism: A Global Tour with a Special Emphasis on the Case of Pakistan.” Populism & Politics. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS). March 1, 2022. https://doi.org/10.55271/pp0010)

there are many points of disagreement between military and populists . Populists oppose wars and interventions, as they take money away from domestic programs populists propose cutting defence This makes populist leaders difficult partners for military


Question: Yilmaz 22

Populists won’t start wars.

Yilmaz 22, PhD, chair in Islamic Studies and research professor of political science and international relations at Deakin University’s ADI. Previously, he worked at the Universities of Oxford and London, demonstrating a strong track record of successfully leading multi-site international research projects. At Deakin, his projects have received funding from the Australian Research Council (ARC), Department of Veteran Affairs, Victorian Government, and Gerda Henkel Foundation. (Yilmaz, Ihsan & Saleem, Raja M. Ali. (2022). “Military and Populism: A Global Tour with a Special Emphasis on the Case of Pakistan.” Populism & Politics. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS). March 1, 2022. https://doi.org/10.55271/pp0010)

there are many points of disagreement between military and populists . Populists oppose wars and interventions, as they take money away from domestic programs populists propose cutting defence This makes populist leaders difficult partners for military


Question: Populists oppose wars

Populists won’t start wars.

Yilmaz 22, PhD, chair in Islamic Studies and research professor of political science and international relations at Deakin University’s ADI. Previously, he worked at the Universities of Oxford and London, demonstrating a strong track record of successfully leading multi-site international research projects. At Deakin, his projects have received funding from the Australian Research Council (ARC), Department of Veteran Affairs, Victorian Government, and Gerda Henkel Foundation. (Yilmaz, Ihsan & Saleem, Raja M. Ali. (2022). “Military and Populism: A Global Tour with a Special Emphasis on the Case of Pakistan.” Populism & Politics. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS). March 1, 2022. https://doi.org/10.55271/pp0010)

there are many points of disagreement between military and populists . Populists oppose wars and interventions, as they take money away from domestic programs populists propose cutting defence This makes populist leaders difficult partners for military


Question: populist leaders difficult military partners

Populists won’t start wars.

Yilmaz 22, PhD, chair in Islamic Studies and research professor of political science and international relations at Deakin University’s ADI. Previously, he worked at the Universities of Oxford and London, demonstrating a strong track record of successfully leading multi-site international research projects. At Deakin, his projects have received funding from the Australian Research Council (ARC), Department of Veteran Affairs, Victorian Government, and Gerda Henkel Foundation. (Yilmaz, Ihsan & Saleem, Raja M. Ali. (2022). “Military and Populism: A Global Tour with a Special Emphasis on the Case of Pakistan.” Populism & Politics. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS). March 1, 2022. https://doi.org/10.55271/pp0010)

there are many points of disagreement between military and populists . Populists oppose wars and interventions, as they take money away from domestic programs populists propose cutting defence This makes populist leaders difficult partners for military


Question: cutting defense spending

Populists won’t start wars.

Yilmaz 22, PhD, chair in Islamic Studies and research professor of political science and international relations at Deakin University’s ADI. Previously, he worked at the Universities of Oxford and London, demonstrating a strong track record of successfully leading multi-site international research projects. At Deakin, his projects have received funding from the Australian Research Council (ARC), Department of Veteran Affairs, Victorian Government, and Gerda Henkel Foundation. (Yilmaz, Ihsan & Saleem, Raja M. Ali. (2022). “Military and Populism: A Global Tour with a Special Emphasis on the Case of Pakistan.” Populism & Politics. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS). March 1, 2022. https://doi.org/10.55271/pp0010)

there are many points of disagreement between military and populists . Populists oppose wars and interventions, as they take money away from domestic programs populists propose cutting defence This makes populist leaders difficult partners for military


Question: military and populism

Populists won’t start wars.

Yilmaz 22, PhD, chair in Islamic Studies and research professor of political science and international relations at Deakin University’s ADI. Previously, he worked at the Universities of Oxford and London, demonstrating a strong track record of successfully leading multi-site international research projects. At Deakin, his projects have received funding from the Australian Research Council (ARC), Department of Veteran Affairs, Victorian Government, and Gerda Henkel Foundation. (Yilmaz, Ihsan & Saleem, Raja M. Ali. (2022). “Military and Populism: A Global Tour with a Special Emphasis on the Case of Pakistan.” Populism & Politics. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS). March 1, 2022. https://doi.org/10.55271/pp0010)

there are many points of disagreement between military and populists . Populists oppose wars and interventions, as they take money away from domestic programs populists propose cutting defence This makes populist leaders difficult partners for military


Question: no unique link turn

1. No unique link turn – Climate activists are mobilized and all-in for Harris now

Colman, Politico climate change writer, 8-23-24

The climate activist are pursuing a new strategy Get Harris elected now, ask questions later. Green activists are taking a do-no-harm approach to Harris’ candidacy, ditching demands for policy details . They say that’s because Harris has excited their base in ways Biden never did they can focus on their most important objective: thwarting Trump, who has vowed to trash their agenda if he wins  We don’t want to sabotage her campaign for no valid reason.” That communication left the activists feeling heard With Harris’ emergence, “the enthusiasm was different and palpable,


Question: Colman 8-23-24

1. No unique link turn – Climate activists are mobilized and all-in for Harris now

Colman, Politico climate change writer, 8-23-24

The climate activist are pursuing a new strategy Get Harris elected now, ask questions later. Green activists are taking a do-no-harm approach to Harris’ candidacy, ditching demands for policy details . They say that’s because Harris has excited their base in ways Biden never did they can focus on their most important objective: thwarting Trump, who has vowed to trash their agenda if he wins  We don’t want to sabotage her campaign for no valid reason.” That communication left the activists feeling heard With Harris’ emergence, “the enthusiasm was different and palpable,


Question: climate activists all in for Harris

1. No unique link turn – Climate activists are mobilized and all-in for Harris now

Colman, Politico climate change writer, 8-23-24

The climate activist are pursuing a new strategy Get Harris elected now, ask questions later. Green activists are taking a do-no-harm approach to Harris’ candidacy, ditching demands for policy details . They say that’s because Harris has excited their base in ways Biden never did they can focus on their most important objective: thwarting Trump, who has vowed to trash their agenda if he wins  We don’t want to sabotage her campaign for no valid reason.” That communication left the activists feeling heard With Harris’ emergence, “the enthusiasm was different and palpable,


Question: Harris excites green base

1. No unique link turn – Climate activists are mobilized and all-in for Harris now

Colman, Politico climate change writer, 8-23-24

The climate activist are pursuing a new strategy Get Harris elected now, ask questions later. Green activists are taking a do-no-harm approach to Harris’ candidacy, ditching demands for policy details . They say that’s because Harris has excited their base in ways Biden never did they can focus on their most important objective: thwarting Trump, who has vowed to trash their agenda if he wins  We don’t want to sabotage her campaign for no valid reason.” That communication left the activists feeling heard With Harris’ emergence, “the enthusiasm was different and palpable,


Question: ditching demands for policy details

1. No unique link turn – Climate activists are mobilized and all-in for Harris now

Colman, Politico climate change writer, 8-23-24

The climate activist are pursuing a new strategy Get Harris elected now, ask questions later. Green activists are taking a do-no-harm approach to Harris’ candidacy, ditching demands for policy details . They say that’s because Harris has excited their base in ways Biden never did they can focus on their most important objective: thwarting Trump, who has vowed to trash their agenda if he wins  We don’t want to sabotage her campaign for no valid reason.” That communication left the activists feeling heard With Harris’ emergence, “the enthusiasm was different and palpable,


Question: Climate activists mobilize for Harris

1. No unique link turn – Climate activists are mobilized and all-in for Harris now

Colman, Politico climate change writer, 8-23-24

The climate activist are pursuing a new strategy Get Harris elected now, ask questions later. Green activists are taking a do-no-harm approach to Harris’ candidacy, ditching demands for policy details . They say that’s because Harris has excited their base in ways Biden never did they can focus on their most important objective: thwarting Trump, who has vowed to trash their agenda if he wins  We don’t want to sabotage her campaign for no valid reason.” That communication left the activists feeling heard With Harris’ emergence, “the enthusiasm was different and palpable,


Question: thwarting Trump is the important objective

1. No unique link turn – Climate activists are mobilized and all-in for Harris now

Colman, Politico climate change writer, 8-23-24

The climate activist are pursuing a new strategy Get Harris elected now, ask questions later. Green activists are taking a do-no-harm approach to Harris’ candidacy, ditching demands for policy details . They say that’s because Harris has excited their base in ways Biden never did they can focus on their most important objective: thwarting Trump, who has vowed to trash their agenda if he wins  We don’t want to sabotage her campaign for no valid reason.” That communication left the activists feeling heard With Harris’ emergence, “the enthusiasm was different and palpable,


Question: policy debate good

We should use debate to hash out what alternative foreign policies look like. Scenario planning is more effective than pure resistance AND there is a unique opening for ideas to take hold---our method provides necessary preparation.

Loren Dejonge Schulman 18, Deputy Director of Studies and Leon E. Panetta Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security., 12-4-2018, "Policy Roundtable: The Future of Progressive Foreign Policy – Texas National Security Review," Texas National Security Review, https://tnsr.org/roundtable/policy-roundtable-the-future-of-progressive-foreign-policy/#_ftn75

superficial dialogue military first” military last end wars with similar reflexivity The left could fill this vacuum at a time of missteps of Trump the space to question America’s foreign policy may be widening The position of the left is that “the best foreign policy is good domestic policy questions on interventions have no forum rigid pacifism though common has no organized political presence and thus also escapes interrogation offers the refuge of principle without justification Critical analysis of defense is left to the technocratic “blob,” which has limited ability to engage people progressives underestimate the importance of discussions about military doctrine Instead should propose questions about development What should America do now ? filling the gap between “Republican-lite” and stubborn anti-militarism it’s essential that the left avoid becoming a caricature of itself that promotes simplistic rigid, unserious standards should embrace active participation beyond the water’s edge. That’s how to make national security more democratic and accountable


Question: scenario planning foreign policy

We should use debate to hash out what alternative foreign policies look like. Scenario planning is more effective than pure resistance AND there is a unique opening for ideas to take hold---our method provides necessary preparation.

Loren Dejonge Schulman 18, Deputy Director of Studies and Leon E. Panetta Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security., 12-4-2018, "Policy Roundtable: The Future of Progressive Foreign Policy – Texas National Security Review," Texas National Security Review, https://tnsr.org/roundtable/policy-roundtable-the-future-of-progressive-foreign-policy/#_ftn75

superficial dialogue military first” military last end wars with similar reflexivity The left could fill this vacuum at a time of missteps of Trump the space to question America’s foreign policy may be widening The position of the left is that “the best foreign policy is good domestic policy questions on interventions have no forum rigid pacifism though common has no organized political presence and thus also escapes interrogation offers the refuge of principle without justification Critical analysis of defense is left to the technocratic “blob,” which has limited ability to engage people progressives underestimate the importance of discussions about military doctrine Instead should propose questions about development What should America do now ? filling the gap between “Republican-lite” and stubborn anti-militarism it’s essential that the left avoid becoming a caricature of itself that promotes simplistic rigid, unserious standards should embrace active participation beyond the water’s edge. That’s how to make national security more democratic and accountable


Question: Loren Dejonge Schulman

We should use debate to hash out what alternative foreign policies look like. Scenario planning is more effective than pure resistance AND there is a unique opening for ideas to take hold---our method provides necessary preparation.

Loren Dejonge Schulman 18, Deputy Director of Studies and Leon E. Panetta Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security., 12-4-2018, "Policy Roundtable: The Future of Progressive Foreign Policy – Texas National Security Review," Texas National Security Review, https://tnsr.org/roundtable/policy-roundtable-the-future-of-progressive-foreign-policy/#_ftn75

superficial dialogue military first” military last end wars with similar reflexivity The left could fill this vacuum at a time of missteps of Trump the space to question America’s foreign policy may be widening The position of the left is that “the best foreign policy is good domestic policy questions on interventions have no forum rigid pacifism though common has no organized political presence and thus also escapes interrogation offers the refuge of principle without justification Critical analysis of defense is left to the technocratic “blob,” which has limited ability to engage people progressives underestimate the importance of discussions about military doctrine Instead should propose questions about development What should America do now ? filling the gap between “Republican-lite” and stubborn anti-militarism it’s essential that the left avoid becoming a caricature of itself that promotes simplistic rigid, unserious standards should embrace active participation beyond the water’s edge. That’s how to make national security more democratic and accountable


Question: Progressive foreign policy debate

We should use debate to hash out what alternative foreign policies look like. Scenario planning is more effective than pure resistance AND there is a unique opening for ideas to take hold---our method provides necessary preparation.

Loren Dejonge Schulman 18, Deputy Director of Studies and Leon E. Panetta Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security., 12-4-2018, "Policy Roundtable: The Future of Progressive Foreign Policy – Texas National Security Review," Texas National Security Review, https://tnsr.org/roundtable/policy-roundtable-the-future-of-progressive-foreign-policy/#_ftn75

superficial dialogue military first” military last end wars with similar reflexivity The left could fill this vacuum at a time of missteps of Trump the space to question America’s foreign policy may be widening The position of the left is that “the best foreign policy is good domestic policy questions on interventions have no forum rigid pacifism though common has no organized political presence and thus also escapes interrogation offers the refuge of principle without justification Critical analysis of defense is left to the technocratic “blob,” which has limited ability to engage people progressives underestimate the importance of discussions about military doctrine Instead should propose questions about development What should America do now ? filling the gap between “Republican-lite” and stubborn anti-militarism it’s essential that the left avoid becoming a caricature of itself that promotes simplistic rigid, unserious standards should embrace active participation beyond the water’s edge. That’s how to make national security more democratic and accountable


Question: debate foreign policy

We should use debate to hash out what alternative foreign policies look like. Scenario planning is more effective than pure resistance AND there is a unique opening for ideas to take hold---our method provides necessary preparation.

Loren Dejonge Schulman 18, Deputy Director of Studies and Leon E. Panetta Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security., 12-4-2018, "Policy Roundtable: The Future of Progressive Foreign Policy – Texas National Security Review," Texas National Security Review, https://tnsr.org/roundtable/policy-roundtable-the-future-of-progressive-foreign-policy/#_ftn75

superficial dialogue military first” military last end wars with similar reflexivity The left could fill this vacuum at a time of missteps of Trump the space to question America’s foreign policy may be widening The position of the left is that “the best foreign policy is good domestic policy questions on interventions have no forum rigid pacifism though common has no organized political presence and thus also escapes interrogation offers the refuge of principle without justification Critical analysis of defense is left to the technocratic “blob,” which has limited ability to engage people progressives underestimate the importance of discussions about military doctrine Instead should propose questions about development What should America do now ? filling the gap between “Republican-lite” and stubborn anti-militarism it’s essential that the left avoid becoming a caricature of itself that promotes simplistic rigid, unserious standards should embrace active participation beyond the water’s edge. That’s how to make national security more democratic and accountable


Question: trump foreign policy missteps

We should use debate to hash out what alternative foreign policies look like. Scenario planning is more effective than pure resistance AND there is a unique opening for ideas to take hold---our method provides necessary preparation.

Loren Dejonge Schulman 18, Deputy Director of Studies and Leon E. Panetta Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security., 12-4-2018, "Policy Roundtable: The Future of Progressive Foreign Policy – Texas National Security Review," Texas National Security Review, https://tnsr.org/roundtable/policy-roundtable-the-future-of-progressive-foreign-policy/#_ftn75

superficial dialogue military first” military last end wars with similar reflexivity The left could fill this vacuum at a time of missteps of Trump the space to question America’s foreign policy may be widening The position of the left is that “the best foreign policy is good domestic policy questions on interventions have no forum rigid pacifism though common has no organized political presence and thus also escapes interrogation offers the refuge of principle without justification Critical analysis of defense is left to the technocratic “blob,” which has limited ability to engage people progressives underestimate the importance of discussions about military doctrine Instead should propose questions about development What should America do now ? filling the gap between “Republican-lite” and stubborn anti-militarism it’s essential that the left avoid becoming a caricature of itself that promotes simplistic rigid, unserious standards should embrace active participation beyond the water’s edge. That’s how to make national security more democratic and accountable


Question: military doctrine discussion

We should use debate to hash out what alternative foreign policies look like. Scenario planning is more effective than pure resistance AND there is a unique opening for ideas to take hold---our method provides necessary preparation.

Loren Dejonge Schulman 18, Deputy Director of Studies and Leon E. Panetta Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security., 12-4-2018, "Policy Roundtable: The Future of Progressive Foreign Policy – Texas National Security Review," Texas National Security Review, https://tnsr.org/roundtable/policy-roundtable-the-future-of-progressive-foreign-policy/#_ftn75

superficial dialogue military first” military last end wars with similar reflexivity The left could fill this vacuum at a time of missteps of Trump the space to question America’s foreign policy may be widening The position of the left is that “the best foreign policy is good domestic policy questions on interventions have no forum rigid pacifism though common has no organized political presence and thus also escapes interrogation offers the refuge of principle without justification Critical analysis of defense is left to the technocratic “blob,” which has limited ability to engage people progressives underestimate the importance of discussions about military doctrine Instead should propose questions about development What should America do now ? filling the gap between “Republican-lite” and stubborn anti-militarism it’s essential that the left avoid becoming a caricature of itself that promotes simplistic rigid, unserious standards should embrace active participation beyond the water’s edge. That’s how to make national security more democratic and accountable


Question: Even with decoupling collapse is inevitable

2---Even with decoupling collapse is inevitable.

Giorgos Kallis 18, ICREA Research Professor at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, environmental scientist working on ecological economics and political ecology, formerly Marie Curie International Fellow at the Energy and Resources Group of the University of California at Berkeley, PhD in Environmental Policy and Planning from the University of the Aegean in Greece, et al., 5/31/18, “Annual Review of Environment and Resources: Research On Degrowth,” Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 43, p. 296-298

absolute decoupling is unlikely new substitutes have resource requirements Solar and wind are diffuse more energy and land is required competes with food rare materials are necessary GDP and material use increased 1:1 collapse by 2050 If we count  import s water use overwhelm savings emissions declining are nowhere near 10% required Further reductions will be harder to sustain “ negative emissions remain magical thinking


Question: Giorgos Kallis 18

2---Even with decoupling collapse is inevitable.

Giorgos Kallis 18, ICREA Research Professor at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, environmental scientist working on ecological economics and political ecology, formerly Marie Curie International Fellow at the Energy and Resources Group of the University of California at Berkeley, PhD in Environmental Policy and Planning from the University of the Aegean in Greece, et al., 5/31/18, “Annual Review of Environment and Resources: Research On Degrowth,” Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 43, p. 296-298

absolute decoupling is unlikely new substitutes have resource requirements Solar and wind are diffuse more energy and land is required competes with food rare materials are necessary GDP and material use increased 1:1 collapse by 2050 If we count  import s water use overwhelm savings emissions declining are nowhere near 10% required Further reductions will be harder to sustain “ negative emissions remain magical thinking


Question: absolute decoupling unlikely

2---Even with decoupling collapse is inevitable.

Giorgos Kallis 18, ICREA Research Professor at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, environmental scientist working on ecological economics and political ecology, formerly Marie Curie International Fellow at the Energy and Resources Group of the University of California at Berkeley, PhD in Environmental Policy and Planning from the University of the Aegean in Greece, et al., 5/31/18, “Annual Review of Environment and Resources: Research On Degrowth,” Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 43, p. 296-298

absolute decoupling is unlikely new substitutes have resource requirements Solar and wind are diffuse more energy and land is required competes with food rare materials are necessary GDP and material use increased 1:1 collapse by 2050 If we count  import s water use overwhelm savings emissions declining are nowhere near 10% required Further reductions will be harder to sustain “ negative emissions remain magical thinking


Question: collapse by 2050

2---Even with decoupling collapse is inevitable.

Giorgos Kallis 18, ICREA Research Professor at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, environmental scientist working on ecological economics and political ecology, formerly Marie Curie International Fellow at the Energy and Resources Group of the University of California at Berkeley, PhD in Environmental Policy and Planning from the University of the Aegean in Greece, et al., 5/31/18, “Annual Review of Environment and Resources: Research On Degrowth,” Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 43, p. 296-298

absolute decoupling is unlikely new substitutes have resource requirements Solar and wind are diffuse more energy and land is required competes with food rare materials are necessary GDP and material use increased 1:1 collapse by 2050 If we count  import s water use overwhelm savings emissions declining are nowhere near 10% required Further reductions will be harder to sustain “ negative emissions remain magical thinking


Question: Solar wind diffuse

2---Even with decoupling collapse is inevitable.

Giorgos Kallis 18, ICREA Research Professor at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, environmental scientist working on ecological economics and political ecology, formerly Marie Curie International Fellow at the Energy and Resources Group of the University of California at Berkeley, PhD in Environmental Policy and Planning from the University of the Aegean in Greece, et al., 5/31/18, “Annual Review of Environment and Resources: Research On Degrowth,” Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 43, p. 296-298

absolute decoupling is unlikely new substitutes have resource requirements Solar and wind are diffuse more energy and land is required competes with food rare materials are necessary GDP and material use increased 1:1 collapse by 2050 If we count  import s water use overwhelm savings emissions declining are nowhere near 10% required Further reductions will be harder to sustain “ negative emissions remain magical thinking


Question: negative emissions magical thinking

2---Even with decoupling collapse is inevitable.

Giorgos Kallis 18, ICREA Research Professor at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, environmental scientist working on ecological economics and political ecology, formerly Marie Curie International Fellow at the Energy and Resources Group of the University of California at Berkeley, PhD in Environmental Policy and Planning from the University of the Aegean in Greece, et al., 5/31/18, “Annual Review of Environment and Resources: Research On Degrowth,” Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 43, p. 296-298

absolute decoupling is unlikely new substitutes have resource requirements Solar and wind are diffuse more energy and land is required competes with food rare materials are necessary GDP and material use increased 1:1 collapse by 2050 If we count  import s water use overwhelm savings emissions declining are nowhere near 10% required Further reductions will be harder to sustain “ negative emissions remain magical thinking


Question: decoupling collapse

2---Even with decoupling collapse is inevitable.

Giorgos Kallis 18, ICREA Research Professor at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, environmental scientist working on ecological economics and political ecology, formerly Marie Curie International Fellow at the Energy and Resources Group of the University of California at Berkeley, PhD in Environmental Policy and Planning from the University of the Aegean in Greece, et al., 5/31/18, “Annual Review of Environment and Resources: Research On Degrowth,” Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 43, p. 296-298

absolute decoupling is unlikely new substitutes have resource requirements Solar and wind are diffuse more energy and land is required competes with food rare materials are necessary GDP and material use increased 1:1 collapse by 2050 If we count  import s water use overwhelm savings emissions declining are nowhere near 10% required Further reductions will be harder to sustain “ negative emissions remain magical thinking


Question: unchecked disasters cause extinction

Unchecked disasters cause extinction.

Anders Sandberg 18. Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 02/26/2018. “Human Extinction from Natural Hazard Events.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science. oxfordre.com, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.293.

disasters reduce resiliency can  interact  and  accumulate pushing to where coping capacity  is  diminished systems become  coupled  because they require support from each other food, energy, finance and comm s  are  global failures cascade clear ev natural events could cause extinction place in  a vulnerable situation during which other risks could lead to extinction


Question: Anders Sandberg 18

Unchecked disasters cause extinction.

Anders Sandberg 18. Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 02/26/2018. “Human Extinction from Natural Hazard Events.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science. oxfordre.com, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.293.

disasters reduce resiliency can  interact  and  accumulate pushing to where coping capacity  is  diminished systems become  coupled  because they require support from each other food, energy, finance and comm s  are  global failures cascade clear ev natural events could cause extinction place in  a vulnerable situation during which other risks could lead to extinction


Question: disasters reduce resiliency

Unchecked disasters cause extinction.

Anders Sandberg 18. Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 02/26/2018. “Human Extinction from Natural Hazard Events.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science. oxfordre.com, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.293.

disasters reduce resiliency can  interact  and  accumulate pushing to where coping capacity  is  diminished systems become  coupled  because they require support from each other food, energy, finance and comm s  are  global failures cascade clear ev natural events could cause extinction place in  a vulnerable situation during which other risks could lead to extinction