Question: Climate change defeats students

Refusing to exhaust political engagement to align with supposed radicalism makes extinction and unprecedented structural violence inevitable

Levine 23 (Caroline Levine is a professor of humanities at Cornell University. 10/17/23, The Activist Humanist: Form and Method in the Climate Crisis, Princeton University Press)//SHP

students feel bleak climate change defeats them overwhelmed by the prospect of dismantling structures fall back on their own actions cannot imagine working at a scale larger than individual decision making the scale of isolation and hopelessness no models of effective political action thinkers urge us to open to possibilities resist imperatives unlearn illusion of progress This leads to powerlessness scholars moving between longings for a “wholesale dismantling and embrace of “the minor gesture Caught between gloom and actions too insubstantial actively reinforcing withdrawal from the public sphere there is a register missing between global revolution and the small-scale act the scale of collective life . it is true institutions are corrupt But can it be that our only option is to refuse action and accede to extinction? Climate change is magnifying the suffering of the most vulnerable


Question: refuse action accede to extinction

Refusing to exhaust political engagement to align with supposed radicalism makes extinction and unprecedented structural violence inevitable

Levine 23 (Caroline Levine is a professor of humanities at Cornell University. 10/17/23, The Activist Humanist: Form and Method in the Climate Crisis, Princeton University Press)//SHP

students feel bleak climate change defeats them overwhelmed by the prospect of dismantling structures fall back on their own actions cannot imagine working at a scale larger than individual decision making the scale of isolation and hopelessness no models of effective political action thinkers urge us to open to possibilities resist imperatives unlearn illusion of progress This leads to powerlessness scholars moving between longings for a “wholesale dismantling and embrace of “the minor gesture Caught between gloom and actions too insubstantial actively reinforcing withdrawal from the public sphere there is a register missing between global revolution and the small-scale act the scale of collective life . it is true institutions are corrupt But can it be that our only option is to refuse action and accede to extinction? Climate change is magnifying the suffering of the most vulnerable


Question: climate structural violence inevitable

Refusing to exhaust political engagement to align with supposed radicalism makes extinction and unprecedented structural violence inevitable

Levine 23 (Caroline Levine is a professor of humanities at Cornell University. 10/17/23, The Activist Humanist: Form and Method in the Climate Crisis, Princeton University Press)//SHP

students feel bleak climate change defeats them overwhelmed by the prospect of dismantling structures fall back on their own actions cannot imagine working at a scale larger than individual decision making the scale of isolation and hopelessness no models of effective political action thinkers urge us to open to possibilities resist imperatives unlearn illusion of progress This leads to powerlessness scholars moving between longings for a “wholesale dismantling and embrace of “the minor gesture Caught between gloom and actions too insubstantial actively reinforcing withdrawal from the public sphere there is a register missing between global revolution and the small-scale act the scale of collective life . it is true institutions are corrupt But can it be that our only option is to refuse action and accede to extinction? Climate change is magnifying the suffering of the most vulnerable


Question: align with supposed radicalism

Refusing to exhaust political engagement to align with supposed radicalism makes extinction and unprecedented structural violence inevitable

Levine 23 (Caroline Levine is a professor of humanities at Cornell University. 10/17/23, The Activist Humanist: Form and Method in the Climate Crisis, Princeton University Press)//SHP

students feel bleak climate change defeats them overwhelmed by the prospect of dismantling structures fall back on their own actions cannot imagine working at a scale larger than individual decision making the scale of isolation and hopelessness no models of effective political action thinkers urge us to open to possibilities resist imperatives unlearn illusion of progress This leads to powerlessness scholars moving between longings for a “wholesale dismantling and embrace of “the minor gesture Caught between gloom and actions too insubstantial actively reinforcing withdrawal from the public sphere there is a register missing between global revolution and the small-scale act the scale of collective life . it is true institutions are corrupt But can it be that our only option is to refuse action and accede to extinction? Climate change is magnifying the suffering of the most vulnerable


Question: Warming inevitable is doomerism

Warming inevitable is doomerism. Scientific consensus errs aff.

Damian Carrington 24. Staff Writer, The Guardian. “‘The stakes could not be higher’: world is on edge of climate abyss, UN warns.” https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/may/09/world-is-on-verge-of-climate-abyss-un-warns

series of leading climate figures despair voiced by scientists must be a renewed wake-up call target not yet inevitable views of 400 I P C C


Question: Damian Carrington 24

Warming inevitable is doomerism. Scientific consensus errs aff.

Damian Carrington 24. Staff Writer, The Guardian. “‘The stakes could not be higher’: world is on edge of climate abyss, UN warns.” https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/may/09/world-is-on-verge-of-climate-abyss-un-warns

series of leading climate figures despair voiced by scientists must be a renewed wake-up call target not yet inevitable views of 400 I P C C


Question: climate figures despair

Warming inevitable is doomerism. Scientific consensus errs aff.

Damian Carrington 24. Staff Writer, The Guardian. “‘The stakes could not be higher’: world is on edge of climate abyss, UN warns.” https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/may/09/world-is-on-verge-of-climate-abyss-un-warns

series of leading climate figures despair voiced by scientists must be a renewed wake-up call target not yet inevitable views of 400 I P C C


Question: scientific consensus errs

Warming inevitable is doomerism. Scientific consensus errs aff.

Damian Carrington 24. Staff Writer, The Guardian. “‘The stakes could not be higher’: world is on edge of climate abyss, UN warns.” https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/may/09/world-is-on-verge-of-climate-abyss-un-warns

series of leading climate figures despair voiced by scientists must be a renewed wake-up call target not yet inevitable views of 400 I P C C


Question: climate abyss UN

Warming inevitable is doomerism. Scientific consensus errs aff.

Damian Carrington 24. Staff Writer, The Guardian. “‘The stakes could not be higher’: world is on edge of climate abyss, UN warns.” https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/may/09/world-is-on-verge-of-climate-abyss-un-warns

series of leading climate figures despair voiced by scientists must be a renewed wake-up call target not yet inevitable views of 400 I P C C


Question: IPCC climate inevitability

Warming inevitable is doomerism. Scientific consensus errs aff.

Damian Carrington 24. Staff Writer, The Guardian. “‘The stakes could not be higher’: world is on edge of climate abyss, UN warns.” https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/may/09/world-is-on-verge-of-climate-abyss-un-warns

series of leading climate figures despair voiced by scientists must be a renewed wake-up call target not yet inevitable views of 400 I P C C


Question: doomerism is wrong

Warming inevitable is doomerism. Scientific consensus errs aff.

Damian Carrington 24. Staff Writer, The Guardian. “‘The stakes could not be higher’: world is on edge of climate abyss, UN warns.” https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/may/09/world-is-on-verge-of-climate-abyss-un-warns

series of leading climate figures despair voiced by scientists must be a renewed wake-up call target not yet inevitable views of 400 I P C C


Question: climate change not inevitable

Warming inevitable is doomerism. Scientific consensus errs aff.

Damian Carrington 24. Staff Writer, The Guardian. “‘The stakes could not be higher’: world is on edge of climate abyss, UN warns.” https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/may/09/world-is-on-verge-of-climate-abyss-un-warns

series of leading climate figures despair voiced by scientists must be a renewed wake-up call target not yet inevitable views of 400 I P C C


Question: A---LINK UNIQUENESS

A---LINK UNIQUENESS. Biden’s already dumped cash on renewables and set stringent regulations.

Corbyn 24, freelance journalist. (Zoe, 8 April 2024, “Boom times for US green energy as federal cash flows in,” BBC, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68667140) <<Pictures Omitted>>

the IRA, along with the BIL funnel billions into clean energy a cost now predicted to reach over 1tn the IRA offers juicer tax credits, as well as loans


Question: Corbyn 24

A---LINK UNIQUENESS. Biden’s already dumped cash on renewables and set stringent regulations.

Corbyn 24, freelance journalist. (Zoe, 8 April 2024, “Boom times for US green energy as federal cash flows in,” BBC, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68667140) <<Pictures Omitted>>

the IRA, along with the BIL funnel billions into clean energy a cost now predicted to reach over 1tn the IRA offers juicer tax credits, as well as loans


Question: Biden green energy

A---LINK UNIQUENESS. Biden’s already dumped cash on renewables and set stringent regulations.

Corbyn 24, freelance journalist. (Zoe, 8 April 2024, “Boom times for US green energy as federal cash flows in,” BBC, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68667140) <<Pictures Omitted>>

the IRA, along with the BIL funnel billions into clean energy a cost now predicted to reach over 1tn the IRA offers juicer tax credits, as well as loans


Question: IRA and BIL funnel billions

A---LINK UNIQUENESS. Biden’s already dumped cash on renewables and set stringent regulations.

Corbyn 24, freelance journalist. (Zoe, 8 April 2024, “Boom times for US green energy as federal cash flows in,” BBC, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68667140) <<Pictures Omitted>>

the IRA, along with the BIL funnel billions into clean energy a cost now predicted to reach over 1tn the IRA offers juicer tax credits, as well as loans


Question: US green energy boom

A---LINK UNIQUENESS. Biden’s already dumped cash on renewables and set stringent regulations.

Corbyn 24, freelance journalist. (Zoe, 8 April 2024, “Boom times for US green energy as federal cash flows in,” BBC, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68667140) <<Pictures Omitted>>

the IRA, along with the BIL funnel billions into clean energy a cost now predicted to reach over 1tn the IRA offers juicer tax credits, as well as loans


Question: Biden cash on renewables

A---LINK UNIQUENESS. Biden’s already dumped cash on renewables and set stringent regulations.

Corbyn 24, freelance journalist. (Zoe, 8 April 2024, “Boom times for US green energy as federal cash flows in,” BBC, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68667140) <<Pictures Omitted>>

the IRA, along with the BIL funnel billions into clean energy a cost now predicted to reach over 1tn the IRA offers juicer tax credits, as well as loans


Question: IRA offers juicer tax credits

A---LINK UNIQUENESS. Biden’s already dumped cash on renewables and set stringent regulations.

Corbyn 24, freelance journalist. (Zoe, 8 April 2024, “Boom times for US green energy as federal cash flows in,” BBC, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68667140) <<Pictures Omitted>>

the IRA, along with the BIL funnel billions into clean energy a cost now predicted to reach over 1tn the IRA offers juicer tax credits, as well as loans


Question: emissions benefits outweigh impact

If there is an impact, its tiny compared to emissions benefits and improving.

Busse ’21 [Julie; January 28; Director of Renewable Fuels at National Corn Growers Association Strategic Leader; National Corn Growers Association, “New Study Highlights the Environmental Benefits of Corn-Ethanol Showing a Reduction in Carbon Emissions by Almost 50 Percent,” https://www.ncga.com/stay-informed/media/in-the-news/article/2021/01/new-study-highlights-the-environmental-benefits-of-corn-ethanol-showing-a-reduction-in-carbon-emissions-by-almost-50-percent]

study emphasizes benefits of corn reduces emissions 46 percent Corn use sustainable practices to grow solution climate corn reduce carbon intensity and data shows land use is minor best science show low carbon fuel farmers increased yields from less land market-driven corn lowered fertilizer and fossil fuel


Question: Busse 21

If there is an impact, its tiny compared to emissions benefits and improving.

Busse ’21 [Julie; January 28; Director of Renewable Fuels at National Corn Growers Association Strategic Leader; National Corn Growers Association, “New Study Highlights the Environmental Benefits of Corn-Ethanol Showing a Reduction in Carbon Emissions by Almost 50 Percent,” https://www.ncga.com/stay-informed/media/in-the-news/article/2021/01/new-study-highlights-the-environmental-benefits-of-corn-ethanol-showing-a-reduction-in-carbon-emissions-by-almost-50-percent]

study emphasizes benefits of corn reduces emissions 46 percent Corn use sustainable practices to grow solution climate corn reduce carbon intensity and data shows land use is minor best science show low carbon fuel farmers increased yields from less land market-driven corn lowered fertilizer and fossil fuel


Question: Julie Busse

If there is an impact, its tiny compared to emissions benefits and improving.

Busse ’21 [Julie; January 28; Director of Renewable Fuels at National Corn Growers Association Strategic Leader; National Corn Growers Association, “New Study Highlights the Environmental Benefits of Corn-Ethanol Showing a Reduction in Carbon Emissions by Almost 50 Percent,” https://www.ncga.com/stay-informed/media/in-the-news/article/2021/01/new-study-highlights-the-environmental-benefits-of-corn-ethanol-showing-a-reduction-in-carbon-emissions-by-almost-50-percent]

study emphasizes benefits of corn reduces emissions 46 percent Corn use sustainable practices to grow solution climate corn reduce carbon intensity and data shows land use is minor best science show low carbon fuel farmers increased yields from less land market-driven corn lowered fertilizer and fossil fuel


Question: corn ethanol emissions benefits

If there is an impact, its tiny compared to emissions benefits and improving.

Busse ’21 [Julie; January 28; Director of Renewable Fuels at National Corn Growers Association Strategic Leader; National Corn Growers Association, “New Study Highlights the Environmental Benefits of Corn-Ethanol Showing a Reduction in Carbon Emissions by Almost 50 Percent,” https://www.ncga.com/stay-informed/media/in-the-news/article/2021/01/new-study-highlights-the-environmental-benefits-of-corn-ethanol-showing-a-reduction-in-carbon-emissions-by-almost-50-percent]

study emphasizes benefits of corn reduces emissions 46 percent Corn use sustainable practices to grow solution climate corn reduce carbon intensity and data shows land use is minor best science show low carbon fuel farmers increased yields from less land market-driven corn lowered fertilizer and fossil fuel


Question: ethanol reduces emissions

If there is an impact, its tiny compared to emissions benefits and improving.

Busse ’21 [Julie; January 28; Director of Renewable Fuels at National Corn Growers Association Strategic Leader; National Corn Growers Association, “New Study Highlights the Environmental Benefits of Corn-Ethanol Showing a Reduction in Carbon Emissions by Almost 50 Percent,” https://www.ncga.com/stay-informed/media/in-the-news/article/2021/01/new-study-highlights-the-environmental-benefits-of-corn-ethanol-showing-a-reduction-in-carbon-emissions-by-almost-50-percent]

study emphasizes benefits of corn reduces emissions 46 percent Corn use sustainable practices to grow solution climate corn reduce carbon intensity and data shows land use is minor best science show low carbon fuel farmers increased yields from less land market-driven corn lowered fertilizer and fossil fuel


Question: land use is minor

If there is an impact, its tiny compared to emissions benefits and improving.

Busse ’21 [Julie; January 28; Director of Renewable Fuels at National Corn Growers Association Strategic Leader; National Corn Growers Association, “New Study Highlights the Environmental Benefits of Corn-Ethanol Showing a Reduction in Carbon Emissions by Almost 50 Percent,” https://www.ncga.com/stay-informed/media/in-the-news/article/2021/01/new-study-highlights-the-environmental-benefits-of-corn-ethanol-showing-a-reduction-in-carbon-emissions-by-almost-50-percent]

study emphasizes benefits of corn reduces emissions 46 percent Corn use sustainable practices to grow solution climate corn reduce carbon intensity and data shows land use is minor best science show low carbon fuel farmers increased yields from less land market-driven corn lowered fertilizer and fossil fuel


Question: corn reduces emissions 46 percent

If there is an impact, its tiny compared to emissions benefits and improving.

Busse ’21 [Julie; January 28; Director of Renewable Fuels at National Corn Growers Association Strategic Leader; National Corn Growers Association, “New Study Highlights the Environmental Benefits of Corn-Ethanol Showing a Reduction in Carbon Emissions by Almost 50 Percent,” https://www.ncga.com/stay-informed/media/in-the-news/article/2021/01/new-study-highlights-the-environmental-benefits-of-corn-ethanol-showing-a-reduction-in-carbon-emissions-by-almost-50-percent]

study emphasizes benefits of corn reduces emissions 46 percent Corn use sustainable practices to grow solution climate corn reduce carbon intensity and data shows land use is minor best science show low carbon fuel farmers increased yields from less land market-driven corn lowered fertilizer and fossil fuel


Question: Planning incorporates social reproduction

Planning incorporates social reproduction – not just production.  This avoids the GND consent requirement radically transforms US relation to indigenous people

Funes 19 – editor-at-large for Atmos with bylines in The Guardian, Vogue, Cosmopolitan, i-D, and more (Yessenia Funes, https://gizmodo.com/the-green-new-deal-includes-a-powerful-pledge-to-indige-1832633065, “The Green New Deal Includes a Powerful Pledge to Indigenous People,” February 15, 2019).

the  G N D does include a powerful provision to protect indigenous people Indigenous leaders across the country provided input The G N D must ensure that indigenous people are involved as partners folks are pleased to see language around tribal consent This language may be rare in federal policy , but is the exact language the U N includes indigenous people have been demanding such consent a demand policymakers  should begin paying attention to the goal is to  normalize  this language it makes our fight for indigenous rights easier .


Question: Funes 19

Planning incorporates social reproduction – not just production.  This avoids the GND consent requirement radically transforms US relation to indigenous people

Funes 19 – editor-at-large for Atmos with bylines in The Guardian, Vogue, Cosmopolitan, i-D, and more (Yessenia Funes, https://gizmodo.com/the-green-new-deal-includes-a-powerful-pledge-to-indige-1832633065, “The Green New Deal Includes a Powerful Pledge to Indigenous People,” February 15, 2019).

the  G N D does include a powerful provision to protect indigenous people Indigenous leaders across the country provided input The G N D must ensure that indigenous people are involved as partners folks are pleased to see language around tribal consent This language may be rare in federal policy , but is the exact language the U N includes indigenous people have been demanding such consent a demand policymakers  should begin paying attention to the goal is to  normalize  this language it makes our fight for indigenous rights easier .


Question: GND and indigenous

Planning incorporates social reproduction – not just production.  This avoids the GND consent requirement radically transforms US relation to indigenous people

Funes 19 – editor-at-large for Atmos with bylines in The Guardian, Vogue, Cosmopolitan, i-D, and more (Yessenia Funes, https://gizmodo.com/the-green-new-deal-includes-a-powerful-pledge-to-indige-1832633065, “The Green New Deal Includes a Powerful Pledge to Indigenous People,” February 15, 2019).

the  G N D does include a powerful provision to protect indigenous people Indigenous leaders across the country provided input The G N D must ensure that indigenous people are involved as partners folks are pleased to see language around tribal consent This language may be rare in federal policy , but is the exact language the U N includes indigenous people have been demanding such consent a demand policymakers  should begin paying attention to the goal is to  normalize  this language it makes our fight for indigenous rights easier .


Question: Green new deal indigenous people

Planning incorporates social reproduction – not just production.  This avoids the GND consent requirement radically transforms US relation to indigenous people

Funes 19 – editor-at-large for Atmos with bylines in The Guardian, Vogue, Cosmopolitan, i-D, and more (Yessenia Funes, https://gizmodo.com/the-green-new-deal-includes-a-powerful-pledge-to-indige-1832633065, “The Green New Deal Includes a Powerful Pledge to Indigenous People,” February 15, 2019).

the  G N D does include a powerful provision to protect indigenous people Indigenous leaders across the country provided input The G N D must ensure that indigenous people are involved as partners folks are pleased to see language around tribal consent This language may be rare in federal policy , but is the exact language the U N includes indigenous people have been demanding such consent a demand policymakers  should begin paying attention to the goal is to  normalize  this language it makes our fight for indigenous rights easier .


Question: US indigenous people

Planning incorporates social reproduction – not just production.  This avoids the GND consent requirement radically transforms US relation to indigenous people

Funes 19 – editor-at-large for Atmos with bylines in The Guardian, Vogue, Cosmopolitan, i-D, and more (Yessenia Funes, https://gizmodo.com/the-green-new-deal-includes-a-powerful-pledge-to-indige-1832633065, “The Green New Deal Includes a Powerful Pledge to Indigenous People,” February 15, 2019).

the  G N D does include a powerful provision to protect indigenous people Indigenous leaders across the country provided input The G N D must ensure that indigenous people are involved as partners folks are pleased to see language around tribal consent This language may be rare in federal policy , but is the exact language the U N includes indigenous people have been demanding such consent a demand policymakers  should begin paying attention to the goal is to  normalize  this language it makes our fight for indigenous rights easier .


Question: tribal consent

Planning incorporates social reproduction – not just production.  This avoids the GND consent requirement radically transforms US relation to indigenous people

Funes 19 – editor-at-large for Atmos with bylines in The Guardian, Vogue, Cosmopolitan, i-D, and more (Yessenia Funes, https://gizmodo.com/the-green-new-deal-includes-a-powerful-pledge-to-indige-1832633065, “The Green New Deal Includes a Powerful Pledge to Indigenous People,” February 15, 2019).

the  G N D does include a powerful provision to protect indigenous people Indigenous leaders across the country provided input The G N D must ensure that indigenous people are involved as partners folks are pleased to see language around tribal consent This language may be rare in federal policy , but is the exact language the U N includes indigenous people have been demanding such consent a demand policymakers  should begin paying attention to the goal is to  normalize  this language it makes our fight for indigenous rights easier .


Question: UN indigenous people

Planning incorporates social reproduction – not just production.  This avoids the GND consent requirement radically transforms US relation to indigenous people

Funes 19 – editor-at-large for Atmos with bylines in The Guardian, Vogue, Cosmopolitan, i-D, and more (Yessenia Funes, https://gizmodo.com/the-green-new-deal-includes-a-powerful-pledge-to-indige-1832633065, “The Green New Deal Includes a Powerful Pledge to Indigenous People,” February 15, 2019).

the  G N D does include a powerful provision to protect indigenous people Indigenous leaders across the country provided input The G N D must ensure that indigenous people are involved as partners folks are pleased to see language around tribal consent This language may be rare in federal policy , but is the exact language the U N includes indigenous people have been demanding such consent a demand policymakers  should begin paying attention to the goal is to  normalize  this language it makes our fight for indigenous rights easier .


Question: US federal government definition

‘United States federal government’ includes the government AND all subdivisions.

Law Insider ’22 [Law Insider; copyright through 2022; Contract database and resource center serving over 300,000 lawyers and business owners; Law Insider, “United States Federal Government definition,” https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/united-states-federal-government]

U S F G means government and any entity exercising functions of government this includes, without limit agencies of the U S


Question: Law Insider 22

‘United States federal government’ includes the government AND all subdivisions.

Law Insider ’22 [Law Insider; copyright through 2022; Contract database and resource center serving over 300,000 lawyers and business owners; Law Insider, “United States Federal Government definition,” https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/united-states-federal-government]

U S F G means government and any entity exercising functions of government this includes, without limit agencies of the U S


Question: USFG includes all subdivisions

‘United States federal government’ includes the government AND all subdivisions.

Law Insider ’22 [Law Insider; copyright through 2022; Contract database and resource center serving over 300,000 lawyers and business owners; Law Insider, “United States Federal Government definition,” https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/united-states-federal-government]

U S F G means government and any entity exercising functions of government this includes, without limit agencies of the U S


Question: USFG means government

‘United States federal government’ includes the government AND all subdivisions.

Law Insider ’22 [Law Insider; copyright through 2022; Contract database and resource center serving over 300,000 lawyers and business owners; Law Insider, “United States Federal Government definition,” https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/united-states-federal-government]

U S F G means government and any entity exercising functions of government this includes, without limit agencies of the U S


Question: definition of US federal government

‘United States federal government’ includes the government AND all subdivisions.

Law Insider ’22 [Law Insider; copyright through 2022; Contract database and resource center serving over 300,000 lawyers and business owners; Law Insider, “United States Federal Government definition,” https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/united-states-federal-government]

U S F G means government and any entity exercising functions of government this includes, without limit agencies of the U S


Question: military SMRs cause blowback

Turn---military SMRs cause blowback and gut nonproliferation.

Smith 11 (Terrence P., Program Coordinator and Research Assistant with the William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy – CSIS, “An Idea I Can Do Without: “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations”,” Center for Strategic & International Studies, 2-16, http://csis.org/blog/idea-i-can-do-without-small-nuclear-reactors-military-installations)

The report cautions if DOD does not support the industry could be dominated The U.S. nonproliferation agenda stands in opposition to this line of thinking Pursuing nuclear technology out of the fear that others will get it fueled the Cold War and proliferation The reactors are purely for energy but in a world that seems growing tired of U.S. military intervention the idea of ensuring our ability to do so through proliferation of mobile nuclear reactors will hardly quell any hostile sentiment it can only add fire to the “nuclear = good” flame


Question: Smith 11

Turn---military SMRs cause blowback and gut nonproliferation.

Smith 11 (Terrence P., Program Coordinator and Research Assistant with the William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy – CSIS, “An Idea I Can Do Without: “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations”,” Center for Strategic & International Studies, 2-16, http://csis.org/blog/idea-i-can-do-without-small-nuclear-reactors-military-installations)

The report cautions if DOD does not support the industry could be dominated The U.S. nonproliferation agenda stands in opposition to this line of thinking Pursuing nuclear technology out of the fear that others will get it fueled the Cold War and proliferation The reactors are purely for energy but in a world that seems growing tired of U.S. military intervention the idea of ensuring our ability to do so through proliferation of mobile nuclear reactors will hardly quell any hostile sentiment it can only add fire to the “nuclear = good” flame


Question: Terrence P. Smith

Turn---military SMRs cause blowback and gut nonproliferation.

Smith 11 (Terrence P., Program Coordinator and Research Assistant with the William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy – CSIS, “An Idea I Can Do Without: “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations”,” Center for Strategic & International Studies, 2-16, http://csis.org/blog/idea-i-can-do-without-small-nuclear-reactors-military-installations)

The report cautions if DOD does not support the industry could be dominated The U.S. nonproliferation agenda stands in opposition to this line of thinking Pursuing nuclear technology out of the fear that others will get it fueled the Cold War and proliferation The reactors are purely for energy but in a world that seems growing tired of U.S. military intervention the idea of ensuring our ability to do so through proliferation of mobile nuclear reactors will hardly quell any hostile sentiment it can only add fire to the “nuclear = good” flame


Question: military intervention hostile sentiment

Turn---military SMRs cause blowback and gut nonproliferation.

Smith 11 (Terrence P., Program Coordinator and Research Assistant with the William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy – CSIS, “An Idea I Can Do Without: “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations”,” Center for Strategic & International Studies, 2-16, http://csis.org/blog/idea-i-can-do-without-small-nuclear-reactors-military-installations)

The report cautions if DOD does not support the industry could be dominated The U.S. nonproliferation agenda stands in opposition to this line of thinking Pursuing nuclear technology out of the fear that others will get it fueled the Cold War and proliferation The reactors are purely for energy but in a world that seems growing tired of U.S. military intervention the idea of ensuring our ability to do so through proliferation of mobile nuclear reactors will hardly quell any hostile sentiment it can only add fire to the “nuclear = good” flame


Question: proliferation of mobile nuclear reactors

Turn---military SMRs cause blowback and gut nonproliferation.

Smith 11 (Terrence P., Program Coordinator and Research Assistant with the William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy – CSIS, “An Idea I Can Do Without: “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations”,” Center for Strategic & International Studies, 2-16, http://csis.org/blog/idea-i-can-do-without-small-nuclear-reactors-military-installations)

The report cautions if DOD does not support the industry could be dominated The U.S. nonproliferation agenda stands in opposition to this line of thinking Pursuing nuclear technology out of the fear that others will get it fueled the Cold War and proliferation The reactors are purely for energy but in a world that seems growing tired of U.S. military intervention the idea of ensuring our ability to do so through proliferation of mobile nuclear reactors will hardly quell any hostile sentiment it can only add fire to the “nuclear = good” flame


Question: DOD support of industry

Turn---military SMRs cause blowback and gut nonproliferation.

Smith 11 (Terrence P., Program Coordinator and Research Assistant with the William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy – CSIS, “An Idea I Can Do Without: “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations”,” Center for Strategic & International Studies, 2-16, http://csis.org/blog/idea-i-can-do-without-small-nuclear-reactors-military-installations)

The report cautions if DOD does not support the industry could be dominated The U.S. nonproliferation agenda stands in opposition to this line of thinking Pursuing nuclear technology out of the fear that others will get it fueled the Cold War and proliferation The reactors are purely for energy but in a world that seems growing tired of U.S. military intervention the idea of ensuring our ability to do so through proliferation of mobile nuclear reactors will hardly quell any hostile sentiment it can only add fire to the “nuclear = good” flame


Question: reactors are purely for energy

Turn---military SMRs cause blowback and gut nonproliferation.

Smith 11 (Terrence P., Program Coordinator and Research Assistant with the William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy – CSIS, “An Idea I Can Do Without: “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations”,” Center for Strategic & International Studies, 2-16, http://csis.org/blog/idea-i-can-do-without-small-nuclear-reactors-military-installations)

The report cautions if DOD does not support the industry could be dominated The U.S. nonproliferation agenda stands in opposition to this line of thinking Pursuing nuclear technology out of the fear that others will get it fueled the Cold War and proliferation The reactors are purely for energy but in a world that seems growing tired of U.S. military intervention the idea of ensuring our ability to do so through proliferation of mobile nuclear reactors will hardly quell any hostile sentiment it can only add fire to the “nuclear = good” flame


Question: Taxation replicates plan

Taxation replicates the plan sans legal blowback---presumption.

Povilas Groudis 17. Ph.D. and Lecturer at Vilnius University Faculty of Law, Attorney, JD in Law from Vilnius University; Doctoral Dissertation at Vilnius University. ““Tax Norms as a Regulatory Tool of Credit Institutions’ Activities.” Vilnius University. June 8, 2017. http://talpykla.elaba.lt/elaba-fedora/objects/elaba:22914651/datastreams/MAIN/content

Regulatory tax laws are suitable While making decisions economic arguments prevail regulation of economic conditions rather than classifying behaviour as illegal allow legislator to regulate decision making Regulation by tax laws, unlike prohibitions ensur lower forced regulation decreasing risk of legal conflicts tax laws allow achieving the same effect as administrative orders , however price of error will be lower than prohibitions


Question: Povilas Groudis 17

Taxation replicates the plan sans legal blowback---presumption.

Povilas Groudis 17. Ph.D. and Lecturer at Vilnius University Faculty of Law, Attorney, JD in Law from Vilnius University; Doctoral Dissertation at Vilnius University. ““Tax Norms as a Regulatory Tool of Credit Institutions’ Activities.” Vilnius University. June 8, 2017. http://talpykla.elaba.lt/elaba-fedora/objects/elaba:22914651/datastreams/MAIN/content

Regulatory tax laws are suitable While making decisions economic arguments prevail regulation of economic conditions rather than classifying behaviour as illegal allow legislator to regulate decision making Regulation by tax laws, unlike prohibitions ensur lower forced regulation decreasing risk of legal conflicts tax laws allow achieving the same effect as administrative orders , however price of error will be lower than prohibitions


Question: taxation lower risk

Taxation replicates the plan sans legal blowback---presumption.

Povilas Groudis 17. Ph.D. and Lecturer at Vilnius University Faculty of Law, Attorney, JD in Law from Vilnius University; Doctoral Dissertation at Vilnius University. ““Tax Norms as a Regulatory Tool of Credit Institutions’ Activities.” Vilnius University. June 8, 2017. http://talpykla.elaba.lt/elaba-fedora/objects/elaba:22914651/datastreams/MAIN/content

Regulatory tax laws are suitable While making decisions economic arguments prevail regulation of economic conditions rather than classifying behaviour as illegal allow legislator to regulate decision making Regulation by tax laws, unlike prohibitions ensur lower forced regulation decreasing risk of legal conflicts tax laws allow achieving the same effect as administrative orders , however price of error will be lower than prohibitions


Question: tax laws administrative orders

Taxation replicates the plan sans legal blowback---presumption.

Povilas Groudis 17. Ph.D. and Lecturer at Vilnius University Faculty of Law, Attorney, JD in Law from Vilnius University; Doctoral Dissertation at Vilnius University. ““Tax Norms as a Regulatory Tool of Credit Institutions’ Activities.” Vilnius University. June 8, 2017. http://talpykla.elaba.lt/elaba-fedora/objects/elaba:22914651/datastreams/MAIN/content

Regulatory tax laws are suitable While making decisions economic arguments prevail regulation of economic conditions rather than classifying behaviour as illegal allow legislator to regulate decision making Regulation by tax laws, unlike prohibitions ensur lower forced regulation decreasing risk of legal conflicts tax laws allow achieving the same effect as administrative orders , however price of error will be lower than prohibitions


Question: tax regulation economic conditions

Taxation replicates the plan sans legal blowback---presumption.

Povilas Groudis 17. Ph.D. and Lecturer at Vilnius University Faculty of Law, Attorney, JD in Law from Vilnius University; Doctoral Dissertation at Vilnius University. ““Tax Norms as a Regulatory Tool of Credit Institutions’ Activities.” Vilnius University. June 8, 2017. http://talpykla.elaba.lt/elaba-fedora/objects/elaba:22914651/datastreams/MAIN/content

Regulatory tax laws are suitable While making decisions economic arguments prevail regulation of economic conditions rather than classifying behaviour as illegal allow legislator to regulate decision making Regulation by tax laws, unlike prohibitions ensur lower forced regulation decreasing risk of legal conflicts tax laws allow achieving the same effect as administrative orders , however price of error will be lower than prohibitions


Question: taxation avoids legal conflict

Taxation replicates the plan sans legal blowback---presumption.

Povilas Groudis 17. Ph.D. and Lecturer at Vilnius University Faculty of Law, Attorney, JD in Law from Vilnius University; Doctoral Dissertation at Vilnius University. ““Tax Norms as a Regulatory Tool of Credit Institutions’ Activities.” Vilnius University. June 8, 2017. http://talpykla.elaba.lt/elaba-fedora/objects/elaba:22914651/datastreams/MAIN/content

Regulatory tax laws are suitable While making decisions economic arguments prevail regulation of economic conditions rather than classifying behaviour as illegal allow legislator to regulate decision making Regulation by tax laws, unlike prohibitions ensur lower forced regulation decreasing risk of legal conflicts tax laws allow achieving the same effect as administrative orders , however price of error will be lower than prohibitions


Question: They're already divesting

They’re already divesting.

Vetter ’24 [David; February 9; climate writer and communications consultant at The Climate Laundry, Master’s in Sustainability, Enterprise, and Environment from the University of Oxford; Forbes, “Dumping Oil and Gas Stocks Improves Investment Returns: New Report,” https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidrvetter/2024/02/09/dumping-oil-and-gas-stocks-improves-investment-returns-new-report/]

oil investment saw weaker growth and higher risk fossil fuels deliver shocks hydrocarbon s find it difficult to offer value risks from flooding , to rising litigation every investment house has developed sustainable mandates Disruption competition electrification and climate re-evaluate fossil fuels ’


Question: Vetter 2024

They’re already divesting.

Vetter ’24 [David; February 9; climate writer and communications consultant at The Climate Laundry, Master’s in Sustainability, Enterprise, and Environment from the University of Oxford; Forbes, “Dumping Oil and Gas Stocks Improves Investment Returns: New Report,” https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidrvetter/2024/02/09/dumping-oil-and-gas-stocks-improves-investment-returns-new-report/]

oil investment saw weaker growth and higher risk fossil fuels deliver shocks hydrocarbon s find it difficult to offer value risks from flooding , to rising litigation every investment house has developed sustainable mandates Disruption competition electrification and climate re-evaluate fossil fuels ’


Question: divesting from fossil fuels

They’re already divesting.

Vetter ’24 [David; February 9; climate writer and communications consultant at The Climate Laundry, Master’s in Sustainability, Enterprise, and Environment from the University of Oxford; Forbes, “Dumping Oil and Gas Stocks Improves Investment Returns: New Report,” https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidrvetter/2024/02/09/dumping-oil-and-gas-stocks-improves-investment-returns-new-report/]

oil investment saw weaker growth and higher risk fossil fuels deliver shocks hydrocarbon s find it difficult to offer value risks from flooding , to rising litigation every investment house has developed sustainable mandates Disruption competition electrification and climate re-evaluate fossil fuels ’


Question: oil investment weaker growth

They’re already divesting.

Vetter ’24 [David; February 9; climate writer and communications consultant at The Climate Laundry, Master’s in Sustainability, Enterprise, and Environment from the University of Oxford; Forbes, “Dumping Oil and Gas Stocks Improves Investment Returns: New Report,” https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidrvetter/2024/02/09/dumping-oil-and-gas-stocks-improves-investment-returns-new-report/]

oil investment saw weaker growth and higher risk fossil fuels deliver shocks hydrocarbon s find it difficult to offer value risks from flooding , to rising litigation every investment house has developed sustainable mandates Disruption competition electrification and climate re-evaluate fossil fuels ’


Question: sustainable mandates investment houses

They’re already divesting.

Vetter ’24 [David; February 9; climate writer and communications consultant at The Climate Laundry, Master’s in Sustainability, Enterprise, and Environment from the University of Oxford; Forbes, “Dumping Oil and Gas Stocks Improves Investment Returns: New Report,” https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidrvetter/2024/02/09/dumping-oil-and-gas-stocks-improves-investment-returns-new-report/]

oil investment saw weaker growth and higher risk fossil fuels deliver shocks hydrocarbon s find it difficult to offer value risks from flooding , to rising litigation every investment house has developed sustainable mandates Disruption competition electrification and climate re-evaluate fossil fuels ’


Question: fossil fuels deliver shocks

They’re already divesting.

Vetter ’24 [David; February 9; climate writer and communications consultant at The Climate Laundry, Master’s in Sustainability, Enterprise, and Environment from the University of Oxford; Forbes, “Dumping Oil and Gas Stocks Improves Investment Returns: New Report,” https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidrvetter/2024/02/09/dumping-oil-and-gas-stocks-improves-investment-returns-new-report/]

oil investment saw weaker growth and higher risk fossil fuels deliver shocks hydrocarbon s find it difficult to offer value risks from flooding , to rising litigation every investment house has developed sustainable mandates Disruption competition electrification and climate re-evaluate fossil fuels ’


Question: dumping oil gas stocks improves investment

They’re already divesting.

Vetter ’24 [David; February 9; climate writer and communications consultant at The Climate Laundry, Master’s in Sustainability, Enterprise, and Environment from the University of Oxford; Forbes, “Dumping Oil and Gas Stocks Improves Investment Returns: New Report,” https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidrvetter/2024/02/09/dumping-oil-and-gas-stocks-improves-investment-returns-new-report/]

oil investment saw weaker growth and higher risk fossil fuels deliver shocks hydrocarbon s find it difficult to offer value risks from flooding , to rising litigation every investment house has developed sustainable mandates Disruption competition electrification and climate re-evaluate fossil fuels ’


Question: Carbon taxes benefit US industries

Carbon taxes particularly benefit U.S. industries because of our comparative carbon advantage

Rorke & Bertelsen 20 [Catrina Rorke, Vice President of Policy, CLC and former Director of Energy Policy, R Street Institute and Greg Bertelsen, CEO, CLS and former Senior Director of Energy and Resources Plicy, National Associaton of Manufacturers, “America’s Carbon Advantage,” Climate Leadership Council, 9—20, p. 1-11]

U S has a distinct carbon efficiency  advantage compared to trading partners which can be leveraged into a competitive  advantage with well-designed  climate policy U.S. is dramatically more carbon - efficient than key  competitors 3X that of China and 4X that of India BCA) would allow U.S. industries to leverage their carbon  advantage and outcompete foreign production . U.S. has a similar  efficiency to E U efficiency is apparent across national  supply  chain One lever ca strengthen competitive position of U.S. industry, enable greater ambition in domestic climate action , and encourage other countries to follow suit : ( BCA In the presence of a national carbon price that accelerates  investments in low-carbon solutions and innovation , the U.S. advantage only stands to widen . higher  emitting overseas production continues to win out disadvantages the cleanest  producers U.S. leadership has the potential to dramatically  change this – overnight price emissions will turn the existing U.S. carbon  advantage into a competitive  advantage . No  other  policy exists to unilaterally improve the competitive  position of U.S. firms, reduce domestic  emissions , and encourage  global   reductions .


Question: Rorke & Bertelsen 2020

Carbon taxes particularly benefit U.S. industries because of our comparative carbon advantage

Rorke & Bertelsen 20 [Catrina Rorke, Vice President of Policy, CLC and former Director of Energy Policy, R Street Institute and Greg Bertelsen, CEO, CLS and former Senior Director of Energy and Resources Plicy, National Associaton of Manufacturers, “America’s Carbon Advantage,” Climate Leadership Council, 9—20, p. 1-11]

U S has a distinct carbon efficiency  advantage compared to trading partners which can be leveraged into a competitive  advantage with well-designed  climate policy U.S. is dramatically more carbon - efficient than key  competitors 3X that of China and 4X that of India BCA) would allow U.S. industries to leverage their carbon  advantage and outcompete foreign production . U.S. has a similar  efficiency to E U efficiency is apparent across national  supply  chain One lever ca strengthen competitive position of U.S. industry, enable greater ambition in domestic climate action , and encourage other countries to follow suit : ( BCA In the presence of a national carbon price that accelerates  investments in low-carbon solutions and innovation , the U.S. advantage only stands to widen . higher  emitting overseas production continues to win out disadvantages the cleanest  producers U.S. leadership has the potential to dramatically  change this – overnight price emissions will turn the existing U.S. carbon  advantage into a competitive  advantage . No  other  policy exists to unilaterally improve the competitive  position of U.S. firms, reduce domestic  emissions , and encourage  global   reductions .


Question: US carbon efficiency advantage

Carbon taxes particularly benefit U.S. industries because of our comparative carbon advantage

Rorke & Bertelsen 20 [Catrina Rorke, Vice President of Policy, CLC and former Director of Energy Policy, R Street Institute and Greg Bertelsen, CEO, CLS and former Senior Director of Energy and Resources Plicy, National Associaton of Manufacturers, “America’s Carbon Advantage,” Climate Leadership Council, 9—20, p. 1-11]

U S has a distinct carbon efficiency  advantage compared to trading partners which can be leveraged into a competitive  advantage with well-designed  climate policy U.S. is dramatically more carbon - efficient than key  competitors 3X that of China and 4X that of India BCA) would allow U.S. industries to leverage their carbon  advantage and outcompete foreign production . U.S. has a similar  efficiency to E U efficiency is apparent across national  supply  chain One lever ca strengthen competitive position of U.S. industry, enable greater ambition in domestic climate action , and encourage other countries to follow suit : ( BCA In the presence of a national carbon price that accelerates  investments in low-carbon solutions and innovation , the U.S. advantage only stands to widen . higher  emitting overseas production continues to win out disadvantages the cleanest  producers U.S. leadership has the potential to dramatically  change this – overnight price emissions will turn the existing U.S. carbon  advantage into a competitive  advantage . No  other  policy exists to unilaterally improve the competitive  position of U.S. firms, reduce domestic  emissions , and encourage  global   reductions .


Question: US carbon advantage

Carbon taxes particularly benefit U.S. industries because of our comparative carbon advantage

Rorke & Bertelsen 20 [Catrina Rorke, Vice President of Policy, CLC and former Director of Energy Policy, R Street Institute and Greg Bertelsen, CEO, CLS and former Senior Director of Energy and Resources Plicy, National Associaton of Manufacturers, “America’s Carbon Advantage,” Climate Leadership Council, 9—20, p. 1-11]

U S has a distinct carbon efficiency  advantage compared to trading partners which can be leveraged into a competitive  advantage with well-designed  climate policy U.S. is dramatically more carbon - efficient than key  competitors 3X that of China and 4X that of India BCA) would allow U.S. industries to leverage their carbon  advantage and outcompete foreign production . U.S. has a similar  efficiency to E U efficiency is apparent across national  supply  chain One lever ca strengthen competitive position of U.S. industry, enable greater ambition in domestic climate action , and encourage other countries to follow suit : ( BCA In the presence of a national carbon price that accelerates  investments in low-carbon solutions and innovation , the U.S. advantage only stands to widen . higher  emitting overseas production continues to win out disadvantages the cleanest  producers U.S. leadership has the potential to dramatically  change this – overnight price emissions will turn the existing U.S. carbon  advantage into a competitive  advantage . No  other  policy exists to unilaterally improve the competitive  position of U.S. firms, reduce domestic  emissions , and encourage  global   reductions .


Question: BCA competitive advantage

Carbon taxes particularly benefit U.S. industries because of our comparative carbon advantage

Rorke & Bertelsen 20 [Catrina Rorke, Vice President of Policy, CLC and former Director of Energy Policy, R Street Institute and Greg Bertelsen, CEO, CLS and former Senior Director of Energy and Resources Plicy, National Associaton of Manufacturers, “America’s Carbon Advantage,” Climate Leadership Council, 9—20, p. 1-11]

U S has a distinct carbon efficiency  advantage compared to trading partners which can be leveraged into a competitive  advantage with well-designed  climate policy U.S. is dramatically more carbon - efficient than key  competitors 3X that of China and 4X that of India BCA) would allow U.S. industries to leverage their carbon  advantage and outcompete foreign production . U.S. has a similar  efficiency to E U efficiency is apparent across national  supply  chain One lever ca strengthen competitive position of U.S. industry, enable greater ambition in domestic climate action , and encourage other countries to follow suit : ( BCA In the presence of a national carbon price that accelerates  investments in low-carbon solutions and innovation , the U.S. advantage only stands to widen . higher  emitting overseas production continues to win out disadvantages the cleanest  producers U.S. leadership has the potential to dramatically  change this – overnight price emissions will turn the existing U.S. carbon  advantage into a competitive  advantage . No  other  policy exists to unilaterally improve the competitive  position of U.S. firms, reduce domestic  emissions , and encourage  global   reductions .


Question: Climate policy design

Carbon taxes particularly benefit U.S. industries because of our comparative carbon advantage

Rorke & Bertelsen 20 [Catrina Rorke, Vice President of Policy, CLC and former Director of Energy Policy, R Street Institute and Greg Bertelsen, CEO, CLS and former Senior Director of Energy and Resources Plicy, National Associaton of Manufacturers, “America’s Carbon Advantage,” Climate Leadership Council, 9—20, p. 1-11]

U S has a distinct carbon efficiency  advantage compared to trading partners which can be leveraged into a competitive  advantage with well-designed  climate policy U.S. is dramatically more carbon - efficient than key  competitors 3X that of China and 4X that of India BCA) would allow U.S. industries to leverage their carbon  advantage and outcompete foreign production . U.S. has a similar  efficiency to E U efficiency is apparent across national  supply  chain One lever ca strengthen competitive position of U.S. industry, enable greater ambition in domestic climate action , and encourage other countries to follow suit : ( BCA In the presence of a national carbon price that accelerates  investments in low-carbon solutions and innovation , the U.S. advantage only stands to widen . higher  emitting overseas production continues to win out disadvantages the cleanest  producers U.S. leadership has the potential to dramatically  change this – overnight price emissions will turn the existing U.S. carbon  advantage into a competitive  advantage . No  other  policy exists to unilaterally improve the competitive  position of U.S. firms, reduce domestic  emissions , and encourage  global   reductions .


Question: carbon tax U.S. industries benefit

Carbon taxes particularly benefit U.S. industries because of our comparative carbon advantage

Rorke & Bertelsen 20 [Catrina Rorke, Vice President of Policy, CLC and former Director of Energy Policy, R Street Institute and Greg Bertelsen, CEO, CLS and former Senior Director of Energy and Resources Plicy, National Associaton of Manufacturers, “America’s Carbon Advantage,” Climate Leadership Council, 9—20, p. 1-11]

U S has a distinct carbon efficiency  advantage compared to trading partners which can be leveraged into a competitive  advantage with well-designed  climate policy U.S. is dramatically more carbon - efficient than key  competitors 3X that of China and 4X that of India BCA) would allow U.S. industries to leverage their carbon  advantage and outcompete foreign production . U.S. has a similar  efficiency to E U efficiency is apparent across national  supply  chain One lever ca strengthen competitive position of U.S. industry, enable greater ambition in domestic climate action , and encourage other countries to follow suit : ( BCA In the presence of a national carbon price that accelerates  investments in low-carbon solutions and innovation , the U.S. advantage only stands to widen . higher  emitting overseas production continues to win out disadvantages the cleanest  producers U.S. leadership has the potential to dramatically  change this – overnight price emissions will turn the existing U.S. carbon  advantage into a competitive  advantage . No  other  policy exists to unilaterally improve the competitive  position of U.S. firms, reduce domestic  emissions , and encourage  global   reductions .


Question: Leverage carbon advantage

Carbon taxes particularly benefit U.S. industries because of our comparative carbon advantage

Rorke & Bertelsen 20 [Catrina Rorke, Vice President of Policy, CLC and former Director of Energy Policy, R Street Institute and Greg Bertelsen, CEO, CLS and former Senior Director of Energy and Resources Plicy, National Associaton of Manufacturers, “America’s Carbon Advantage,” Climate Leadership Council, 9—20, p. 1-11]

U S has a distinct carbon efficiency  advantage compared to trading partners which can be leveraged into a competitive  advantage with well-designed  climate policy U.S. is dramatically more carbon - efficient than key  competitors 3X that of China and 4X that of India BCA) would allow U.S. industries to leverage their carbon  advantage and outcompete foreign production . U.S. has a similar  efficiency to E U efficiency is apparent across national  supply  chain One lever ca strengthen competitive position of U.S. industry, enable greater ambition in domestic climate action , and encourage other countries to follow suit : ( BCA In the presence of a national carbon price that accelerates  investments in low-carbon solutions and innovation , the U.S. advantage only stands to widen . higher  emitting overseas production continues to win out disadvantages the cleanest  producers U.S. leadership has the potential to dramatically  change this – overnight price emissions will turn the existing U.S. carbon  advantage into a competitive  advantage . No  other  policy exists to unilaterally improve the competitive  position of U.S. firms, reduce domestic  emissions , and encourage  global   reductions .


Question: Injunctions fail unenforceable

1. Injunctions fail---unenforceable, causes massive delays, and gets watered down

Richard M. Glick 2020, Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, “Children’s Climate Case Coming to a Close”, January 21, https://www.dwt.com/blogs/energy--environmental-law-blog/2020/01/ninth-circuit-climate-case-decision, accessed 9/13/24, HMc

an injunction is problematic because the injunction would not "suffice any effective plan would require complex policy decisions entrusted to the discretion of the executive and legislative ordering a plan ignores that an Article III court will be required to determine whether the plan is sufficient We doubt any such plan can be enforced


Question: richard m. glick

1. Injunctions fail---unenforceable, causes massive delays, and gets watered down

Richard M. Glick 2020, Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, “Children’s Climate Case Coming to a Close”, January 21, https://www.dwt.com/blogs/energy--environmental-law-blog/2020/01/ninth-circuit-climate-case-decision, accessed 9/13/24, HMc

an injunction is problematic because the injunction would not "suffice any effective plan would require complex policy decisions entrusted to the discretion of the executive and legislative ordering a plan ignores that an Article III court will be required to determine whether the plan is sufficient We doubt any such plan can be enforced


Question: glick 2020

1. Injunctions fail---unenforceable, causes massive delays, and gets watered down

Richard M. Glick 2020, Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, “Children’s Climate Case Coming to a Close”, January 21, https://www.dwt.com/blogs/energy--environmental-law-blog/2020/01/ninth-circuit-climate-case-decision, accessed 9/13/24, HMc

an injunction is problematic because the injunction would not "suffice any effective plan would require complex policy decisions entrusted to the discretion of the executive and legislative ordering a plan ignores that an Article III court will be required to determine whether the plan is sufficient We doubt any such plan can be enforced


Question: injunctions cause delays

1. Injunctions fail---unenforceable, causes massive delays, and gets watered down

Richard M. Glick 2020, Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, “Children’s Climate Case Coming to a Close”, January 21, https://www.dwt.com/blogs/energy--environmental-law-blog/2020/01/ninth-circuit-climate-case-decision, accessed 9/13/24, HMc

an injunction is problematic because the injunction would not "suffice any effective plan would require complex policy decisions entrusted to the discretion of the executive and legislative ordering a plan ignores that an Article III court will be required to determine whether the plan is sufficient We doubt any such plan can be enforced


Question: court can't enforce climate plan

1. Injunctions fail---unenforceable, causes massive delays, and gets watered down

Richard M. Glick 2020, Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, “Children’s Climate Case Coming to a Close”, January 21, https://www.dwt.com/blogs/energy--environmental-law-blog/2020/01/ninth-circuit-climate-case-decision, accessed 9/13/24, HMc

an injunction is problematic because the injunction would not "suffice any effective plan would require complex policy decisions entrusted to the discretion of the executive and legislative ordering a plan ignores that an Article III court will be required to determine whether the plan is sufficient We doubt any such plan can be enforced


Question: climate case coming to a close

1. Injunctions fail---unenforceable, causes massive delays, and gets watered down

Richard M. Glick 2020, Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, “Children’s Climate Case Coming to a Close”, January 21, https://www.dwt.com/blogs/energy--environmental-law-blog/2020/01/ninth-circuit-climate-case-decision, accessed 9/13/24, HMc

an injunction is problematic because the injunction would not "suffice any effective plan would require complex policy decisions entrusted to the discretion of the executive and legislative ordering a plan ignores that an Article III court will be required to determine whether the plan is sufficient We doubt any such plan can be enforced


Question: Quan critique conflating government

4. Quan is a criticism of conflating the government as deserving of rule leadership or authority. Quan never says we can’t criticize the state then propose something else it ought do instead, which is what the resolution requires.

Quan 17 (H.L.T. Quan is an Associate Professor of Justice and Social Inquiry in the School of Social Transformation at Arizona State University, 2017, Chapter 11: “It’s Hard to Stop Rebels That Time Travel: Democratic Living and the Radical Reimagining of Old Worlds,” Futures of Black Radicalism, Verso, pp. 173-193, https://www.education.pitt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Quan-ungovernability.pdf)

State evasion and avoidance are deviant behavior that necessitates disciplining the ungovernable conscripted as a problem in need of  being annihilated the framing of the ungovernable is used to justify permanent wars and genocide This suggests an ideography that owes its pathos to an epistemological ordering that relies on state addiction This affliction is a pathology that renders its sufferers dependent on the state The symptoms are many and obvious: most prominent is the tendency to conflate government with governing, authority with leadership, and rule with submission no sovereignty without violence state addicts dependent on state for expressions and terms of engagement imaginary domains dependent on state’s projections .


Question: Quan 17

4. Quan is a criticism of conflating the government as deserving of rule leadership or authority. Quan never says we can’t criticize the state then propose something else it ought do instead, which is what the resolution requires.

Quan 17 (H.L.T. Quan is an Associate Professor of Justice and Social Inquiry in the School of Social Transformation at Arizona State University, 2017, Chapter 11: “It’s Hard to Stop Rebels That Time Travel: Democratic Living and the Radical Reimagining of Old Worlds,” Futures of Black Radicalism, Verso, pp. 173-193, https://www.education.pitt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Quan-ungovernability.pdf)

State evasion and avoidance are deviant behavior that necessitates disciplining the ungovernable conscripted as a problem in need of  being annihilated the framing of the ungovernable is used to justify permanent wars and genocide This suggests an ideography that owes its pathos to an epistemological ordering that relies on state addiction This affliction is a pathology that renders its sufferers dependent on the state The symptoms are many and obvious: most prominent is the tendency to conflate government with governing, authority with leadership, and rule with submission no sovereignty without violence state addicts dependent on state for expressions and terms of engagement imaginary domains dependent on state’s projections .


Question: H.L.T. Quan

4. Quan is a criticism of conflating the government as deserving of rule leadership or authority. Quan never says we can’t criticize the state then propose something else it ought do instead, which is what the resolution requires.

Quan 17 (H.L.T. Quan is an Associate Professor of Justice and Social Inquiry in the School of Social Transformation at Arizona State University, 2017, Chapter 11: “It’s Hard to Stop Rebels That Time Travel: Democratic Living and the Radical Reimagining of Old Worlds,” Futures of Black Radicalism, Verso, pp. 173-193, https://www.education.pitt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Quan-ungovernability.pdf)

State evasion and avoidance are deviant behavior that necessitates disciplining the ungovernable conscripted as a problem in need of  being annihilated the framing of the ungovernable is used to justify permanent wars and genocide This suggests an ideography that owes its pathos to an epistemological ordering that relies on state addiction This affliction is a pathology that renders its sufferers dependent on the state The symptoms are many and obvious: most prominent is the tendency to conflate government with governing, authority with leadership, and rule with submission no sovereignty without violence state addicts dependent on state for expressions and terms of engagement imaginary domains dependent on state’s projections .


Question: government authority leadership rule submission

4. Quan is a criticism of conflating the government as deserving of rule leadership or authority. Quan never says we can’t criticize the state then propose something else it ought do instead, which is what the resolution requires.

Quan 17 (H.L.T. Quan is an Associate Professor of Justice and Social Inquiry in the School of Social Transformation at Arizona State University, 2017, Chapter 11: “It’s Hard to Stop Rebels That Time Travel: Democratic Living and the Radical Reimagining of Old Worlds,” Futures of Black Radicalism, Verso, pp. 173-193, https://www.education.pitt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Quan-ungovernability.pdf)

State evasion and avoidance are deviant behavior that necessitates disciplining the ungovernable conscripted as a problem in need of  being annihilated the framing of the ungovernable is used to justify permanent wars and genocide This suggests an ideography that owes its pathos to an epistemological ordering that relies on state addiction This affliction is a pathology that renders its sufferers dependent on the state The symptoms are many and obvious: most prominent is the tendency to conflate government with governing, authority with leadership, and rule with submission no sovereignty without violence state addicts dependent on state for expressions and terms of engagement imaginary domains dependent on state’s projections .


Question: government with governing

4. Quan is a criticism of conflating the government as deserving of rule leadership or authority. Quan never says we can’t criticize the state then propose something else it ought do instead, which is what the resolution requires.

Quan 17 (H.L.T. Quan is an Associate Professor of Justice and Social Inquiry in the School of Social Transformation at Arizona State University, 2017, Chapter 11: “It’s Hard to Stop Rebels That Time Travel: Democratic Living and the Radical Reimagining of Old Worlds,” Futures of Black Radicalism, Verso, pp. 173-193, https://www.education.pitt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Quan-ungovernability.pdf)

State evasion and avoidance are deviant behavior that necessitates disciplining the ungovernable conscripted as a problem in need of  being annihilated the framing of the ungovernable is used to justify permanent wars and genocide This suggests an ideography that owes its pathos to an epistemological ordering that relies on state addiction This affliction is a pathology that renders its sufferers dependent on the state The symptoms are many and obvious: most prominent is the tendency to conflate government with governing, authority with leadership, and rule with submission no sovereignty without violence state addicts dependent on state for expressions and terms of engagement imaginary domains dependent on state’s projections .


Question: state addiction

4. Quan is a criticism of conflating the government as deserving of rule leadership or authority. Quan never says we can’t criticize the state then propose something else it ought do instead, which is what the resolution requires.

Quan 17 (H.L.T. Quan is an Associate Professor of Justice and Social Inquiry in the School of Social Transformation at Arizona State University, 2017, Chapter 11: “It’s Hard to Stop Rebels That Time Travel: Democratic Living and the Radical Reimagining of Old Worlds,” Futures of Black Radicalism, Verso, pp. 173-193, https://www.education.pitt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Quan-ungovernability.pdf)

State evasion and avoidance are deviant behavior that necessitates disciplining the ungovernable conscripted as a problem in need of  being annihilated the framing of the ungovernable is used to justify permanent wars and genocide This suggests an ideography that owes its pathos to an epistemological ordering that relies on state addiction This affliction is a pathology that renders its sufferers dependent on the state The symptoms are many and obvious: most prominent is the tendency to conflate government with governing, authority with leadership, and rule with submission no sovereignty without violence state addicts dependent on state for expressions and terms of engagement imaginary domains dependent on state’s projections .


Question: ungovernability justifies permanent wars

4. Quan is a criticism of conflating the government as deserving of rule leadership or authority. Quan never says we can’t criticize the state then propose something else it ought do instead, which is what the resolution requires.

Quan 17 (H.L.T. Quan is an Associate Professor of Justice and Social Inquiry in the School of Social Transformation at Arizona State University, 2017, Chapter 11: “It’s Hard to Stop Rebels That Time Travel: Democratic Living and the Radical Reimagining of Old Worlds,” Futures of Black Radicalism, Verso, pp. 173-193, https://www.education.pitt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Quan-ungovernability.pdf)

State evasion and avoidance are deviant behavior that necessitates disciplining the ungovernable conscripted as a problem in need of  being annihilated the framing of the ungovernable is used to justify permanent wars and genocide This suggests an ideography that owes its pathos to an epistemological ordering that relies on state addiction This affliction is a pathology that renders its sufferers dependent on the state The symptoms are many and obvious: most prominent is the tendency to conflate government with governing, authority with leadership, and rule with submission no sovereignty without violence state addicts dependent on state for expressions and terms of engagement imaginary domains dependent on state’s projections .


Question: radical reimagining of old worlds

4. Quan is a criticism of conflating the government as deserving of rule leadership or authority. Quan never says we can’t criticize the state then propose something else it ought do instead, which is what the resolution requires.

Quan 17 (H.L.T. Quan is an Associate Professor of Justice and Social Inquiry in the School of Social Transformation at Arizona State University, 2017, Chapter 11: “It’s Hard to Stop Rebels That Time Travel: Democratic Living and the Radical Reimagining of Old Worlds,” Futures of Black Radicalism, Verso, pp. 173-193, https://www.education.pitt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Quan-ungovernability.pdf)

State evasion and avoidance are deviant behavior that necessitates disciplining the ungovernable conscripted as a problem in need of  being annihilated the framing of the ungovernable is used to justify permanent wars and genocide This suggests an ideography that owes its pathos to an epistemological ordering that relies on state addiction This affliction is a pathology that renders its sufferers dependent on the state The symptoms are many and obvious: most prominent is the tendency to conflate government with governing, authority with leadership, and rule with submission no sovereignty without violence state addicts dependent on state for expressions and terms of engagement imaginary domains dependent on state’s projections .


Question: Eco-Sumud disrupts social relations

Eco-Sumud promotes diverse mechanisms to disrupt the material and abstract processes that structure social relations. Eco-Sumud represents the everyday efforts of Palestinians to stay on the land with environmentally sustainable ways of resisting occupation and living through the land.

Edwards, 24 [Nico is a researcher, Student in International Relations and a UKRI ESRC SeNSS student-led studentship awardee “Resisting Green Militarism, Refusing Sustainable War – Collective Action for Peace and Ecological Justice.” World Peace Foundation, February 24, 2024. https://worldpeacefoundation.org/blog/resisting-green-militarism-refusing-sustainable-war-collective-action-for-peace-and-ecological-justice-2/, Accessed 24 August 2024] Lhudson

There is momentum to drive new contexts of collective action through bringing together peace, justice and ecological movements there lies great potential to enhance intersectional mobilisation that demand change Some promote direct disruption, others indirect mechanisms to disrupt abstract processes that structure social relations most initiatives are not reducible to policy versus grassroots or indirect versus direct action, but involve aspects of all Fight Toxic Prisons, Stop Cop City and XR Peace exemplify direct action r acialised and indigenous communities practice myriad eco-social resistance in everyday lives, embodying and act towards just decolonial eco-social transitions collective ecological justice actors are resisting occupation dispossession, ecocide and social warfare all at once resistance addresses intersecting harms at the community-level Eco-sumud represents everyday steadfastness to stay on lands combined with environmentally sustainable ways C asa Pueblo is example how to bridge theorising and practising eco-social resistance nexus between militarism and ecological injustice offers innovation and expansion of collective action acts of interrogating and communicating, are necessary methodologies for tackling knowledge gaps that feed fragmentation of movements


Question: Edwards 2024

Eco-Sumud promotes diverse mechanisms to disrupt the material and abstract processes that structure social relations. Eco-Sumud represents the everyday efforts of Palestinians to stay on the land with environmentally sustainable ways of resisting occupation and living through the land.

Edwards, 24 [Nico is a researcher, Student in International Relations and a UKRI ESRC SeNSS student-led studentship awardee “Resisting Green Militarism, Refusing Sustainable War – Collective Action for Peace and Ecological Justice.” World Peace Foundation, February 24, 2024. https://worldpeacefoundation.org/blog/resisting-green-militarism-refusing-sustainable-war-collective-action-for-peace-and-ecological-justice-2/, Accessed 24 August 2024] Lhudson

There is momentum to drive new contexts of collective action through bringing together peace, justice and ecological movements there lies great potential to enhance intersectional mobilisation that demand change Some promote direct disruption, others indirect mechanisms to disrupt abstract processes that structure social relations most initiatives are not reducible to policy versus grassroots or indirect versus direct action, but involve aspects of all Fight Toxic Prisons, Stop Cop City and XR Peace exemplify direct action r acialised and indigenous communities practice myriad eco-social resistance in everyday lives, embodying and act towards just decolonial eco-social transitions collective ecological justice actors are resisting occupation dispossession, ecocide and social warfare all at once resistance addresses intersecting harms at the community-level Eco-sumud represents everyday steadfastness to stay on lands combined with environmentally sustainable ways C asa Pueblo is example how to bridge theorising and practising eco-social resistance nexus between militarism and ecological injustice offers innovation and expansion of collective action acts of interrogating and communicating, are necessary methodologies for tackling knowledge gaps that feed fragmentation of movements


Question: Nico Edwards

Eco-Sumud promotes diverse mechanisms to disrupt the material and abstract processes that structure social relations. Eco-Sumud represents the everyday efforts of Palestinians to stay on the land with environmentally sustainable ways of resisting occupation and living through the land.

Edwards, 24 [Nico is a researcher, Student in International Relations and a UKRI ESRC SeNSS student-led studentship awardee “Resisting Green Militarism, Refusing Sustainable War – Collective Action for Peace and Ecological Justice.” World Peace Foundation, February 24, 2024. https://worldpeacefoundation.org/blog/resisting-green-militarism-refusing-sustainable-war-collective-action-for-peace-and-ecological-justice-2/, Accessed 24 August 2024] Lhudson

There is momentum to drive new contexts of collective action through bringing together peace, justice and ecological movements there lies great potential to enhance intersectional mobilisation that demand change Some promote direct disruption, others indirect mechanisms to disrupt abstract processes that structure social relations most initiatives are not reducible to policy versus grassroots or indirect versus direct action, but involve aspects of all Fight Toxic Prisons, Stop Cop City and XR Peace exemplify direct action r acialised and indigenous communities practice myriad eco-social resistance in everyday lives, embodying and act towards just decolonial eco-social transitions collective ecological justice actors are resisting occupation dispossession, ecocide and social warfare all at once resistance addresses intersecting harms at the community-level Eco-sumud represents everyday steadfastness to stay on lands combined with environmentally sustainable ways C asa Pueblo is example how to bridge theorising and practising eco-social resistance nexus between militarism and ecological injustice offers innovation and expansion of collective action acts of interrogating and communicating, are necessary methodologies for tackling knowledge gaps that feed fragmentation of movements


Question: palestinian eco-social resistance

Eco-Sumud promotes diverse mechanisms to disrupt the material and abstract processes that structure social relations. Eco-Sumud represents the everyday efforts of Palestinians to stay on the land with environmentally sustainable ways of resisting occupation and living through the land.

Edwards, 24 [Nico is a researcher, Student in International Relations and a UKRI ESRC SeNSS student-led studentship awardee “Resisting Green Militarism, Refusing Sustainable War – Collective Action for Peace and Ecological Justice.” World Peace Foundation, February 24, 2024. https://worldpeacefoundation.org/blog/resisting-green-militarism-refusing-sustainable-war-collective-action-for-peace-and-ecological-justice-2/, Accessed 24 August 2024] Lhudson

There is momentum to drive new contexts of collective action through bringing together peace, justice and ecological movements there lies great potential to enhance intersectional mobilisation that demand change Some promote direct disruption, others indirect mechanisms to disrupt abstract processes that structure social relations most initiatives are not reducible to policy versus grassroots or indirect versus direct action, but involve aspects of all Fight Toxic Prisons, Stop Cop City and XR Peace exemplify direct action r acialised and indigenous communities practice myriad eco-social resistance in everyday lives, embodying and act towards just decolonial eco-social transitions collective ecological justice actors are resisting occupation dispossession, ecocide and social warfare all at once resistance addresses intersecting harms at the community-level Eco-sumud represents everyday steadfastness to stay on lands combined with environmentally sustainable ways C asa Pueblo is example how to bridge theorising and practising eco-social resistance nexus between militarism and ecological injustice offers innovation and expansion of collective action acts of interrogating and communicating, are necessary methodologies for tackling knowledge gaps that feed fragmentation of movements


Question: Eco-Sumud definition

Eco-Sumud promotes diverse mechanisms to disrupt the material and abstract processes that structure social relations. Eco-Sumud represents the everyday efforts of Palestinians to stay on the land with environmentally sustainable ways of resisting occupation and living through the land.

Edwards, 24 [Nico is a researcher, Student in International Relations and a UKRI ESRC SeNSS student-led studentship awardee “Resisting Green Militarism, Refusing Sustainable War – Collective Action for Peace and Ecological Justice.” World Peace Foundation, February 24, 2024. https://worldpeacefoundation.org/blog/resisting-green-militarism-refusing-sustainable-war-collective-action-for-peace-and-ecological-justice-2/, Accessed 24 August 2024] Lhudson

There is momentum to drive new contexts of collective action through bringing together peace, justice and ecological movements there lies great potential to enhance intersectional mobilisation that demand change Some promote direct disruption, others indirect mechanisms to disrupt abstract processes that structure social relations most initiatives are not reducible to policy versus grassroots or indirect versus direct action, but involve aspects of all Fight Toxic Prisons, Stop Cop City and XR Peace exemplify direct action r acialised and indigenous communities practice myriad eco-social resistance in everyday lives, embodying and act towards just decolonial eco-social transitions collective ecological justice actors are resisting occupation dispossession, ecocide and social warfare all at once resistance addresses intersecting harms at the community-level Eco-sumud represents everyday steadfastness to stay on lands combined with environmentally sustainable ways C asa Pueblo is example how to bridge theorising and practising eco-social resistance nexus between militarism and ecological injustice offers innovation and expansion of collective action acts of interrogating and communicating, are necessary methodologies for tackling knowledge gaps that feed fragmentation of movements


Question: collective ecological justice

Eco-Sumud promotes diverse mechanisms to disrupt the material and abstract processes that structure social relations. Eco-Sumud represents the everyday efforts of Palestinians to stay on the land with environmentally sustainable ways of resisting occupation and living through the land.

Edwards, 24 [Nico is a researcher, Student in International Relations and a UKRI ESRC SeNSS student-led studentship awardee “Resisting Green Militarism, Refusing Sustainable War – Collective Action for Peace and Ecological Justice.” World Peace Foundation, February 24, 2024. https://worldpeacefoundation.org/blog/resisting-green-militarism-refusing-sustainable-war-collective-action-for-peace-and-ecological-justice-2/, Accessed 24 August 2024] Lhudson

There is momentum to drive new contexts of collective action through bringing together peace, justice and ecological movements there lies great potential to enhance intersectional mobilisation that demand change Some promote direct disruption, others indirect mechanisms to disrupt abstract processes that structure social relations most initiatives are not reducible to policy versus grassroots or indirect versus direct action, but involve aspects of all Fight Toxic Prisons, Stop Cop City and XR Peace exemplify direct action r acialised and indigenous communities practice myriad eco-social resistance in everyday lives, embodying and act towards just decolonial eco-social transitions collective ecological justice actors are resisting occupation dispossession, ecocide and social warfare all at once resistance addresses intersecting harms at the community-level Eco-sumud represents everyday steadfastness to stay on lands combined with environmentally sustainable ways C asa Pueblo is example how to bridge theorising and practising eco-social resistance nexus between militarism and ecological injustice offers innovation and expansion of collective action acts of interrogating and communicating, are necessary methodologies for tackling knowledge gaps that feed fragmentation of movements


Question: environmentally sustainable resistance

Eco-Sumud promotes diverse mechanisms to disrupt the material and abstract processes that structure social relations. Eco-Sumud represents the everyday efforts of Palestinians to stay on the land with environmentally sustainable ways of resisting occupation and living through the land.

Edwards, 24 [Nico is a researcher, Student in International Relations and a UKRI ESRC SeNSS student-led studentship awardee “Resisting Green Militarism, Refusing Sustainable War – Collective Action for Peace and Ecological Justice.” World Peace Foundation, February 24, 2024. https://worldpeacefoundation.org/blog/resisting-green-militarism-refusing-sustainable-war-collective-action-for-peace-and-ecological-justice-2/, Accessed 24 August 2024] Lhudson

There is momentum to drive new contexts of collective action through bringing together peace, justice and ecological movements there lies great potential to enhance intersectional mobilisation that demand change Some promote direct disruption, others indirect mechanisms to disrupt abstract processes that structure social relations most initiatives are not reducible to policy versus grassroots or indirect versus direct action, but involve aspects of all Fight Toxic Prisons, Stop Cop City and XR Peace exemplify direct action r acialised and indigenous communities practice myriad eco-social resistance in everyday lives, embodying and act towards just decolonial eco-social transitions collective ecological justice actors are resisting occupation dispossession, ecocide and social warfare all at once resistance addresses intersecting harms at the community-level Eco-sumud represents everyday steadfastness to stay on lands combined with environmentally sustainable ways C asa Pueblo is example how to bridge theorising and practising eco-social resistance nexus between militarism and ecological injustice offers innovation and expansion of collective action acts of interrogating and communicating, are necessary methodologies for tackling knowledge gaps that feed fragmentation of movements


Question: No Russian nuclear use

No Russian nuclear use.

Shinkman 23’ – Paul, Senior Writer of National Security at U.S. News.  “Putin’s Hollow Nuclear Threat”, U.S. News, https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2023-02-24/why-ukraine-wont-lead-putin-to-nuclear-war, 02-24-2023

likelihood of Russia to use nuc s is astronomically low should not even be seriously considered Putin would love if leaders believed he might but he is not suicidal Putin’s references to potential nuclear war a tactic nuclear rhetoric exposes the extent to which the leader feels desperate for leve rage Russia’s sources of influence are dwindling in Russia war is not popular reports emerge about lack of confidence troops have in leaders nuc s wouldn’t achieve Putin’s aims doctrine calls for warheads as a tactic Russian forces are utterly degraded factor in NATO retaliation You’ve lost the operational advantage argued Putin understands the devastating effect on Russia if it were to launch nuclear weapons


Question: Shinkman 23

No Russian nuclear use.

Shinkman 23’ – Paul, Senior Writer of National Security at U.S. News.  “Putin’s Hollow Nuclear Threat”, U.S. News, https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2023-02-24/why-ukraine-wont-lead-putin-to-nuclear-war, 02-24-2023

likelihood of Russia to use nuc s is astronomically low should not even be seriously considered Putin would love if leaders believed he might but he is not suicidal Putin’s references to potential nuclear war a tactic nuclear rhetoric exposes the extent to which the leader feels desperate for leve rage Russia’s sources of influence are dwindling in Russia war is not popular reports emerge about lack of confidence troops have in leaders nuc s wouldn’t achieve Putin’s aims doctrine calls for warheads as a tactic Russian forces are utterly degraded factor in NATO retaliation You’ve lost the operational advantage argued Putin understands the devastating effect on Russia if it were to launch nuclear weapons


Question: Putin nuclear threat hollow

No Russian nuclear use.

Shinkman 23’ – Paul, Senior Writer of National Security at U.S. News.  “Putin’s Hollow Nuclear Threat”, U.S. News, https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2023-02-24/why-ukraine-wont-lead-putin-to-nuclear-war, 02-24-2023

likelihood of Russia to use nuc s is astronomically low should not even be seriously considered Putin would love if leaders believed he might but he is not suicidal Putin’s references to potential nuclear war a tactic nuclear rhetoric exposes the extent to which the leader feels desperate for leve rage Russia’s sources of influence are dwindling in Russia war is not popular reports emerge about lack of confidence troops have in leaders nuc s wouldn’t achieve Putin’s aims doctrine calls for warheads as a tactic Russian forces are utterly degraded factor in NATO retaliation You’ve lost the operational advantage argued Putin understands the devastating effect on Russia if it were to launch nuclear weapons


Question: Russia nuclear use unlikely

No Russian nuclear use.

Shinkman 23’ – Paul, Senior Writer of National Security at U.S. News.  “Putin’s Hollow Nuclear Threat”, U.S. News, https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2023-02-24/why-ukraine-wont-lead-putin-to-nuclear-war, 02-24-2023

likelihood of Russia to use nuc s is astronomically low should not even be seriously considered Putin would love if leaders believed he might but he is not suicidal Putin’s references to potential nuclear war a tactic nuclear rhetoric exposes the extent to which the leader feels desperate for leve rage Russia’s sources of influence are dwindling in Russia war is not popular reports emerge about lack of confidence troops have in leaders nuc s wouldn’t achieve Putin’s aims doctrine calls for warheads as a tactic Russian forces are utterly degraded factor in NATO retaliation You’ve lost the operational advantage argued Putin understands the devastating effect on Russia if it were to launch nuclear weapons


Question: Putin nuclear tactic

No Russian nuclear use.

Shinkman 23’ – Paul, Senior Writer of National Security at U.S. News.  “Putin’s Hollow Nuclear Threat”, U.S. News, https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2023-02-24/why-ukraine-wont-lead-putin-to-nuclear-war, 02-24-2023

likelihood of Russia to use nuc s is astronomically low should not even be seriously considered Putin would love if leaders believed he might but he is not suicidal Putin’s references to potential nuclear war a tactic nuclear rhetoric exposes the extent to which the leader feels desperate for leve rage Russia’s sources of influence are dwindling in Russia war is not popular reports emerge about lack of confidence troops have in leaders nuc s wouldn’t achieve Putin’s aims doctrine calls for warheads as a tactic Russian forces are utterly degraded factor in NATO retaliation You’ve lost the operational advantage argued Putin understands the devastating effect on Russia if it were to launch nuclear weapons


Question: NATO retaliation deters

No Russian nuclear use.

Shinkman 23’ – Paul, Senior Writer of National Security at U.S. News.  “Putin’s Hollow Nuclear Threat”, U.S. News, https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2023-02-24/why-ukraine-wont-lead-putin-to-nuclear-war, 02-24-2023

likelihood of Russia to use nuc s is astronomically low should not even be seriously considered Putin would love if leaders believed he might but he is not suicidal Putin’s references to potential nuclear war a tactic nuclear rhetoric exposes the extent to which the leader feels desperate for leve rage Russia’s sources of influence are dwindling in Russia war is not popular reports emerge about lack of confidence troops have in leaders nuc s wouldn’t achieve Putin’s aims doctrine calls for warheads as a tactic Russian forces are utterly degraded factor in NATO retaliation You’ve lost the operational advantage argued Putin understands the devastating effect on Russia if it were to launch nuclear weapons


Question: Putin not suicidal

No Russian nuclear use.

Shinkman 23’ – Paul, Senior Writer of National Security at U.S. News.  “Putin’s Hollow Nuclear Threat”, U.S. News, https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2023-02-24/why-ukraine-wont-lead-putin-to-nuclear-war, 02-24-2023

likelihood of Russia to use nuc s is astronomically low should not even be seriously considered Putin would love if leaders believed he might but he is not suicidal Putin’s references to potential nuclear war a tactic nuclear rhetoric exposes the extent to which the leader feels desperate for leve rage Russia’s sources of influence are dwindling in Russia war is not popular reports emerge about lack of confidence troops have in leaders nuc s wouldn’t achieve Putin’s aims doctrine calls for warheads as a tactic Russian forces are utterly degraded factor in NATO retaliation You’ve lost the operational advantage argued Putin understands the devastating effect on Russia if it were to launch nuclear weapons


Question: tarrying with the infinite emissions

Tarrying with the infinite is the only pathway to minimizing emissions---any other regulatory policy allows too flexible compliance mechanisms.

Bouchery et. al. 11. [Yann Bouchery is Associate Professor in Operations Management and a member of the Center of Excellence in Supply Chain at KEDGE Business School. Asma GHAFFARI. Zied JEMAI. Yves DALLERY. “Adjust or invest: what is the best option to green a supply chain?” Ecole Centrale Paris. November 30, 2011. https://pure.tue.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/3857678/686741489226000.pdf]//dawn

carbon emissions have to be reduced in regulatory policies companies have to react to comply emissions controlled by a price emissions levels depend on the fixed price the minimum amount of emissions imply an infinite carbon price At a macroeconomic level, this operational flexibility implies carbon is hardly controllable by a price These companies may be able to choose among several carbon emissions levels.


Question: Bouchery 11

Tarrying with the infinite is the only pathway to minimizing emissions---any other regulatory policy allows too flexible compliance mechanisms.

Bouchery et. al. 11. [Yann Bouchery is Associate Professor in Operations Management and a member of the Center of Excellence in Supply Chain at KEDGE Business School. Asma GHAFFARI. Zied JEMAI. Yves DALLERY. “Adjust or invest: what is the best option to green a supply chain?” Ecole Centrale Paris. November 30, 2011. https://pure.tue.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/3857678/686741489226000.pdf]//dawn

carbon emissions have to be reduced in regulatory policies companies have to react to comply emissions controlled by a price emissions levels depend on the fixed price the minimum amount of emissions imply an infinite carbon price At a macroeconomic level, this operational flexibility implies carbon is hardly controllable by a price These companies may be able to choose among several carbon emissions levels.


Question: Yann Bouchery

Tarrying with the infinite is the only pathway to minimizing emissions---any other regulatory policy allows too flexible compliance mechanisms.

Bouchery et. al. 11. [Yann Bouchery is Associate Professor in Operations Management and a member of the Center of Excellence in Supply Chain at KEDGE Business School. Asma GHAFFARI. Zied JEMAI. Yves DALLERY. “Adjust or invest: what is the best option to green a supply chain?” Ecole Centrale Paris. November 30, 2011. https://pure.tue.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/3857678/686741489226000.pdf]//dawn

carbon emissions have to be reduced in regulatory policies companies have to react to comply emissions controlled by a price emissions levels depend on the fixed price the minimum amount of emissions imply an infinite carbon price At a macroeconomic level, this operational flexibility implies carbon is hardly controllable by a price These companies may be able to choose among several carbon emissions levels.