Question: US debt not a risk

No impact to debt

Brian Levitt, 7-3-2024, Brian Levitt is a Global Market Strategist at Invesco. In this role, he is responsible for the development and communication of the firm’s investment outlooks and insights for North America. Brian is the author of Invesco’s Compelling Wealth Management Conversations, a program that helps investors manage their emotions and stick to their investment plans. He also authored the firm’s Financial Literacy program and works extensively with families to educate on personal finance. Brian co-hosts Invesco’s “Greater Possibilities” podcast. He joined Invesco when the firm combined with OppenheimerFunds in 2019. "Is the US national debt a risk to investments?", Invesco, https://www.invesco.com/us/en/insights/us-government-debt-investment-risk.html

national debt n't a looming disaster or even a problem not close to day of reckoning household net worth over $150 trillion nation is viewed by markets as a good creditor. With $200+ trillion in assets measuring debt against total assets paints a far more solvent picture Treasuries are the safest and most liquid assets in the world unlikely investors will lose their appetite fed owns 20% of US debt 40% of US debt is owned by US institutions 20% abroad not heavily concentrated in one country China risk seems unfounded China has been reducing its position in Treasuries for years


Question: US good creditor

No impact to debt

Brian Levitt, 7-3-2024, Brian Levitt is a Global Market Strategist at Invesco. In this role, he is responsible for the development and communication of the firm’s investment outlooks and insights for North America. Brian is the author of Invesco’s Compelling Wealth Management Conversations, a program that helps investors manage their emotions and stick to their investment plans. He also authored the firm’s Financial Literacy program and works extensively with families to educate on personal finance. Brian co-hosts Invesco’s “Greater Possibilities” podcast. He joined Invesco when the firm combined with OppenheimerFunds in 2019. "Is the US national debt a risk to investments?", Invesco, https://www.invesco.com/us/en/insights/us-government-debt-investment-risk.html

national debt n't a looming disaster or even a problem not close to day of reckoning household net worth over $150 trillion nation is viewed by markets as a good creditor. With $200+ trillion in assets measuring debt against total assets paints a far more solvent picture Treasuries are the safest and most liquid assets in the world unlikely investors will lose their appetite fed owns 20% of US debt 40% of US debt is owned by US institutions 20% abroad not heavily concentrated in one country China risk seems unfounded China has been reducing its position in Treasuries for years


Question: China reducing treasuries

No impact to debt

Brian Levitt, 7-3-2024, Brian Levitt is a Global Market Strategist at Invesco. In this role, he is responsible for the development and communication of the firm’s investment outlooks and insights for North America. Brian is the author of Invesco’s Compelling Wealth Management Conversations, a program that helps investors manage their emotions and stick to their investment plans. He also authored the firm’s Financial Literacy program and works extensively with families to educate on personal finance. Brian co-hosts Invesco’s “Greater Possibilities” podcast. He joined Invesco when the firm combined with OppenheimerFunds in 2019. "Is the US national debt a risk to investments?", Invesco, https://www.invesco.com/us/en/insights/us-government-debt-investment-risk.html

national debt n't a looming disaster or even a problem not close to day of reckoning household net worth over $150 trillion nation is viewed by markets as a good creditor. With $200+ trillion in assets measuring debt against total assets paints a far more solvent picture Treasuries are the safest and most liquid assets in the world unlikely investors will lose their appetite fed owns 20% of US debt 40% of US debt is owned by US institutions 20% abroad not heavily concentrated in one country China risk seems unfounded China has been reducing its position in Treasuries for years


Question: Entrenches cheaper polluting fuels

It entrenches cheaper polluting fuels and divests from green technology.

João Tovar Jalles 23. Senior Associate Professor of Economics at University Of Lisbon. “Financial Crises and Climate Change.” 2023. Springer Nature. Doi: 10.1057/s41294-023-00209-7.

financial crises lead to a deterioration  in resilience  to climate change negatively affect  climate friendly investments making capital  more difficult As both governments  and the private sector  focus on recovery shift priorities Financial crises forcing switch  lower cost fuels crises make it harder to finance green projects lower capacity encourage consumption of goods with inferior environmental quality and over-exploitation In recessionary times, carbon lock-in is more likely as lower energy prices reduce economic viability


Question: João Tovar Jalles 23

It entrenches cheaper polluting fuels and divests from green technology.

João Tovar Jalles 23. Senior Associate Professor of Economics at University Of Lisbon. “Financial Crises and Climate Change.” 2023. Springer Nature. Doi: 10.1057/s41294-023-00209-7.

financial crises lead to a deterioration  in resilience  to climate change negatively affect  climate friendly investments making capital  more difficult As both governments  and the private sector  focus on recovery shift priorities Financial crises forcing switch  lower cost fuels crises make it harder to finance green projects lower capacity encourage consumption of goods with inferior environmental quality and over-exploitation In recessionary times, carbon lock-in is more likely as lower energy prices reduce economic viability


Question: Financial crises climate change

It entrenches cheaper polluting fuels and divests from green technology.

João Tovar Jalles 23. Senior Associate Professor of Economics at University Of Lisbon. “Financial Crises and Climate Change.” 2023. Springer Nature. Doi: 10.1057/s41294-023-00209-7.

financial crises lead to a deterioration  in resilience  to climate change negatively affect  climate friendly investments making capital  more difficult As both governments  and the private sector  focus on recovery shift priorities Financial crises forcing switch  lower cost fuels crises make it harder to finance green projects lower capacity encourage consumption of goods with inferior environmental quality and over-exploitation In recessionary times, carbon lock-in is more likely as lower energy prices reduce economic viability


Question: financial crises lower cost fuels

It entrenches cheaper polluting fuels and divests from green technology.

João Tovar Jalles 23. Senior Associate Professor of Economics at University Of Lisbon. “Financial Crises and Climate Change.” 2023. Springer Nature. Doi: 10.1057/s41294-023-00209-7.

financial crises lead to a deterioration  in resilience  to climate change negatively affect  climate friendly investments making capital  more difficult As both governments  and the private sector  focus on recovery shift priorities Financial crises forcing switch  lower cost fuels crises make it harder to finance green projects lower capacity encourage consumption of goods with inferior environmental quality and over-exploitation In recessionary times, carbon lock-in is more likely as lower energy prices reduce economic viability


Question: divest from green technology

It entrenches cheaper polluting fuels and divests from green technology.

João Tovar Jalles 23. Senior Associate Professor of Economics at University Of Lisbon. “Financial Crises and Climate Change.” 2023. Springer Nature. Doi: 10.1057/s41294-023-00209-7.

financial crises lead to a deterioration  in resilience  to climate change negatively affect  climate friendly investments making capital  more difficult As both governments  and the private sector  focus on recovery shift priorities Financial crises forcing switch  lower cost fuels crises make it harder to finance green projects lower capacity encourage consumption of goods with inferior environmental quality and over-exploitation In recessionary times, carbon lock-in is more likely as lower energy prices reduce economic viability


Question: Climate friendly investments

It entrenches cheaper polluting fuels and divests from green technology.

João Tovar Jalles 23. Senior Associate Professor of Economics at University Of Lisbon. “Financial Crises and Climate Change.” 2023. Springer Nature. Doi: 10.1057/s41294-023-00209-7.

financial crises lead to a deterioration  in resilience  to climate change negatively affect  climate friendly investments making capital  more difficult As both governments  and the private sector  focus on recovery shift priorities Financial crises forcing switch  lower cost fuels crises make it harder to finance green projects lower capacity encourage consumption of goods with inferior environmental quality and over-exploitation In recessionary times, carbon lock-in is more likely as lower energy prices reduce economic viability


Question: carbon lock in recession

It entrenches cheaper polluting fuels and divests from green technology.

João Tovar Jalles 23. Senior Associate Professor of Economics at University Of Lisbon. “Financial Crises and Climate Change.” 2023. Springer Nature. Doi: 10.1057/s41294-023-00209-7.

financial crises lead to a deterioration  in resilience  to climate change negatively affect  climate friendly investments making capital  more difficult As both governments  and the private sector  focus on recovery shift priorities Financial crises forcing switch  lower cost fuels crises make it harder to finance green projects lower capacity encourage consumption of goods with inferior environmental quality and over-exploitation In recessionary times, carbon lock-in is more likely as lower energy prices reduce economic viability


Question: financial crises climate resilience

It entrenches cheaper polluting fuels and divests from green technology.

João Tovar Jalles 23. Senior Associate Professor of Economics at University Of Lisbon. “Financial Crises and Climate Change.” 2023. Springer Nature. Doi: 10.1057/s41294-023-00209-7.

financial crises lead to a deterioration  in resilience  to climate change negatively affect  climate friendly investments making capital  more difficult As both governments  and the private sector  focus on recovery shift priorities Financial crises forcing switch  lower cost fuels crises make it harder to finance green projects lower capacity encourage consumption of goods with inferior environmental quality and over-exploitation In recessionary times, carbon lock-in is more likely as lower energy prices reduce economic viability


Question: BCA useless

BCA is useless – too simple and it will be gamed, too complex and it can’t be administered

Morris 18 [Adele C. Morris, senior fellow and policy director for Climate and Energy Economics at the Brookings Institution, Ph.D., Economics, Princeton University, M.S., Mathematics, University of Utah, 7-26-2018, “Making Border Carbon Adjustments Work in Law and Practice” Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center]

BCA superficially appear intuitive within design lurks a  thicket of pitfalls headaches , and  unintended consequences solution will likely elude us policymakers can only hope to anticipate some of the myriad ways actors will game the system measures to deter gaming complicate administration And approaches that simplify admin inevitably over- or underprice emissions from some


Question: Morris 18

BCA is useless – too simple and it will be gamed, too complex and it can’t be administered

Morris 18 [Adele C. Morris, senior fellow and policy director for Climate and Energy Economics at the Brookings Institution, Ph.D., Economics, Princeton University, M.S., Mathematics, University of Utah, 7-26-2018, “Making Border Carbon Adjustments Work in Law and Practice” Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center]

BCA superficially appear intuitive within design lurks a  thicket of pitfalls headaches , and  unintended consequences solution will likely elude us policymakers can only hope to anticipate some of the myriad ways actors will game the system measures to deter gaming complicate administration And approaches that simplify admin inevitably over- or underprice emissions from some


Question: Border carbon adjustments

BCA is useless – too simple and it will be gamed, too complex and it can’t be administered

Morris 18 [Adele C. Morris, senior fellow and policy director for Climate and Energy Economics at the Brookings Institution, Ph.D., Economics, Princeton University, M.S., Mathematics, University of Utah, 7-26-2018, “Making Border Carbon Adjustments Work in Law and Practice” Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center]

BCA superficially appear intuitive within design lurks a  thicket of pitfalls headaches , and  unintended consequences solution will likely elude us policymakers can only hope to anticipate some of the myriad ways actors will game the system measures to deter gaming complicate administration And approaches that simplify admin inevitably over- or underprice emissions from some


Question: BCA gamed

BCA is useless – too simple and it will be gamed, too complex and it can’t be administered

Morris 18 [Adele C. Morris, senior fellow and policy director for Climate and Energy Economics at the Brookings Institution, Ph.D., Economics, Princeton University, M.S., Mathematics, University of Utah, 7-26-2018, “Making Border Carbon Adjustments Work in Law and Practice” Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center]

BCA superficially appear intuitive within design lurks a  thicket of pitfalls headaches , and  unintended consequences solution will likely elude us policymakers can only hope to anticipate some of the myriad ways actors will game the system measures to deter gaming complicate administration And approaches that simplify admin inevitably over- or underprice emissions from some


Question: BCA too simple

BCA is useless – too simple and it will be gamed, too complex and it can’t be administered

Morris 18 [Adele C. Morris, senior fellow and policy director for Climate and Energy Economics at the Brookings Institution, Ph.D., Economics, Princeton University, M.S., Mathematics, University of Utah, 7-26-2018, “Making Border Carbon Adjustments Work in Law and Practice” Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center]

BCA superficially appear intuitive within design lurks a  thicket of pitfalls headaches , and  unintended consequences solution will likely elude us policymakers can only hope to anticipate some of the myriad ways actors will game the system measures to deter gaming complicate administration And approaches that simplify admin inevitably over- or underprice emissions from some


Question: too complex BCA

BCA is useless – too simple and it will be gamed, too complex and it can’t be administered

Morris 18 [Adele C. Morris, senior fellow and policy director for Climate and Energy Economics at the Brookings Institution, Ph.D., Economics, Princeton University, M.S., Mathematics, University of Utah, 7-26-2018, “Making Border Carbon Adjustments Work in Law and Practice” Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center]

BCA superficially appear intuitive within design lurks a  thicket of pitfalls headaches , and  unintended consequences solution will likely elude us policymakers can only hope to anticipate some of the myriad ways actors will game the system measures to deter gaming complicate administration And approaches that simplify admin inevitably over- or underprice emissions from some


Question: pitfalls headaches unintended consequences

BCA is useless – too simple and it will be gamed, too complex and it can’t be administered

Morris 18 [Adele C. Morris, senior fellow and policy director for Climate and Energy Economics at the Brookings Institution, Ph.D., Economics, Princeton University, M.S., Mathematics, University of Utah, 7-26-2018, “Making Border Carbon Adjustments Work in Law and Practice” Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center]

BCA superficially appear intuitive within design lurks a  thicket of pitfalls headaches , and  unintended consequences solution will likely elude us policymakers can only hope to anticipate some of the myriad ways actors will game the system measures to deter gaming complicate administration And approaches that simplify admin inevitably over- or underprice emissions from some


Question: LCERC solves aff avoids net

LCERC solves the aff, avoids the net benefit and picking winners

Isabel Galiana 12, Professor of Economics at McGill University; Christopher Green, Professor of Economics, School of Environment, McGill University; and Jeremy Leonard, research director at the Institute for Research on Public Policy, July 2012, “A Technology-Led Climate Change Policy for Canada,” https://web.archive.org/web/20120824111414/http://www.irpp.org/pubs/IRPPstudy/IRPP_Study_no34.pdf

gap between invention and commercialization is the “ valley of death ” because of difficulty of finding private financing LCERC should fund r esearch testing, demo and scalability would bolster reducing downstream subsidies that have proven costly and ineffective LCERC outside government budget managed by private and government officials use a panel of experts This minimizes picking-winners and “locking-in inferior, discoveries, and free of political influence LCERC would assuage concerns of observers skeptical about a government role in innovation


Question: Galiana, Green, and Leonard 12

LCERC solves the aff, avoids the net benefit and picking winners

Isabel Galiana 12, Professor of Economics at McGill University; Christopher Green, Professor of Economics, School of Environment, McGill University; and Jeremy Leonard, research director at the Institute for Research on Public Policy, July 2012, “A Technology-Led Climate Change Policy for Canada,” https://web.archive.org/web/20120824111414/http://www.irpp.org/pubs/IRPPstudy/IRPP_Study_no34.pdf

gap between invention and commercialization is the “ valley of death ” because of difficulty of finding private financing LCERC should fund r esearch testing, demo and scalability would bolster reducing downstream subsidies that have proven costly and ineffective LCERC outside government budget managed by private and government officials use a panel of experts This minimizes picking-winners and “locking-in inferior, discoveries, and free of political influence LCERC would assuage concerns of observers skeptical about a government role in innovation


Question: LCERC climate change policy

LCERC solves the aff, avoids the net benefit and picking winners

Isabel Galiana 12, Professor of Economics at McGill University; Christopher Green, Professor of Economics, School of Environment, McGill University; and Jeremy Leonard, research director at the Institute for Research on Public Policy, July 2012, “A Technology-Led Climate Change Policy for Canada,” https://web.archive.org/web/20120824111414/http://www.irpp.org/pubs/IRPPstudy/IRPP_Study_no34.pdf

gap between invention and commercialization is the “ valley of death ” because of difficulty of finding private financing LCERC should fund r esearch testing, demo and scalability would bolster reducing downstream subsidies that have proven costly and ineffective LCERC outside government budget managed by private and government officials use a panel of experts This minimizes picking-winners and “locking-in inferior, discoveries, and free of political influence LCERC would assuage concerns of observers skeptical about a government role in innovation


Question: LCERC solves picking winners

LCERC solves the aff, avoids the net benefit and picking winners

Isabel Galiana 12, Professor of Economics at McGill University; Christopher Green, Professor of Economics, School of Environment, McGill University; and Jeremy Leonard, research director at the Institute for Research on Public Policy, July 2012, “A Technology-Led Climate Change Policy for Canada,” https://web.archive.org/web/20120824111414/http://www.irpp.org/pubs/IRPPstudy/IRPP_Study_no34.pdf

gap between invention and commercialization is the “ valley of death ” because of difficulty of finding private financing LCERC should fund r esearch testing, demo and scalability would bolster reducing downstream subsidies that have proven costly and ineffective LCERC outside government budget managed by private and government officials use a panel of experts This minimizes picking-winners and “locking-in inferior, discoveries, and free of political influence LCERC would assuage concerns of observers skeptical about a government role in innovation


Question: private financing valley of death

LCERC solves the aff, avoids the net benefit and picking winners

Isabel Galiana 12, Professor of Economics at McGill University; Christopher Green, Professor of Economics, School of Environment, McGill University; and Jeremy Leonard, research director at the Institute for Research on Public Policy, July 2012, “A Technology-Led Climate Change Policy for Canada,” https://web.archive.org/web/20120824111414/http://www.irpp.org/pubs/IRPPstudy/IRPP_Study_no34.pdf

gap between invention and commercialization is the “ valley of death ” because of difficulty of finding private financing LCERC should fund r esearch testing, demo and scalability would bolster reducing downstream subsidies that have proven costly and ineffective LCERC outside government budget managed by private and government officials use a panel of experts This minimizes picking-winners and “locking-in inferior, discoveries, and free of political influence LCERC would assuage concerns of observers skeptical about a government role in innovation


Question: technology led climate change

LCERC solves the aff, avoids the net benefit and picking winners

Isabel Galiana 12, Professor of Economics at McGill University; Christopher Green, Professor of Economics, School of Environment, McGill University; and Jeremy Leonard, research director at the Institute for Research on Public Policy, July 2012, “A Technology-Led Climate Change Policy for Canada,” https://web.archive.org/web/20120824111414/http://www.irpp.org/pubs/IRPPstudy/IRPP_Study_no34.pdf

gap between invention and commercialization is the “ valley of death ” because of difficulty of finding private financing LCERC should fund r esearch testing, demo and scalability would bolster reducing downstream subsidies that have proven costly and ineffective LCERC outside government budget managed by private and government officials use a panel of experts This minimizes picking-winners and “locking-in inferior, discoveries, and free of political influence LCERC would assuage concerns of observers skeptical about a government role in innovation


Question: LCERC outside government budget

LCERC solves the aff, avoids the net benefit and picking winners

Isabel Galiana 12, Professor of Economics at McGill University; Christopher Green, Professor of Economics, School of Environment, McGill University; and Jeremy Leonard, research director at the Institute for Research on Public Policy, July 2012, “A Technology-Led Climate Change Policy for Canada,” https://web.archive.org/web/20120824111414/http://www.irpp.org/pubs/IRPPstudy/IRPP_Study_no34.pdf

gap between invention and commercialization is the “ valley of death ” because of difficulty of finding private financing LCERC should fund r esearch testing, demo and scalability would bolster reducing downstream subsidies that have proven costly and ineffective LCERC outside government budget managed by private and government officials use a panel of experts This minimizes picking-winners and “locking-in inferior, discoveries, and free of political influence LCERC would assuage concerns of observers skeptical about a government role in innovation


Question: LCERC reduces downstream subsidies

LCERC solves the aff, avoids the net benefit and picking winners

Isabel Galiana 12, Professor of Economics at McGill University; Christopher Green, Professor of Economics, School of Environment, McGill University; and Jeremy Leonard, research director at the Institute for Research on Public Policy, July 2012, “A Technology-Led Climate Change Policy for Canada,” https://web.archive.org/web/20120824111414/http://www.irpp.org/pubs/IRPPstudy/IRPP_Study_no34.pdf

gap between invention and commercialization is the “ valley of death ” because of difficulty of finding private financing LCERC should fund r esearch testing, demo and scalability would bolster reducing downstream subsidies that have proven costly and ineffective LCERC outside government budget managed by private and government officials use a panel of experts This minimizes picking-winners and “locking-in inferior, discoveries, and free of political influence LCERC would assuage concerns of observers skeptical about a government role in innovation


Question: Decarbonization is coming now

Decarbonization is coming now.

Denman et al. '22 – Leader of Bain's Utilities & Renewables Practice in the Americas and is a Partner in the Chicago office (Aaron Denman, Cate Hight, and Michael Short; "The Inflation Reduction Act Is a Decarbonization Game Changer"; Bain; https://www.bain.com/insights/decarbonization-game-changer/; 10-27-2022; NC)

I R A changes trajectory  of emissions global leader reduces costs of decarbonization changes terms for private investment in clean energy crucial to global energy transition creates certainty for decarbonization drive dramatic reduction of emissions spending on clean energy will triple deliver two-thirds of climate goals


Question: Denman et al. 22

Decarbonization is coming now.

Denman et al. '22 – Leader of Bain's Utilities & Renewables Practice in the Americas and is a Partner in the Chicago office (Aaron Denman, Cate Hight, and Michael Short; "The Inflation Reduction Act Is a Decarbonization Game Changer"; Bain; https://www.bain.com/insights/decarbonization-game-changer/; 10-27-2022; NC)

I R A changes trajectory  of emissions global leader reduces costs of decarbonization changes terms for private investment in clean energy crucial to global energy transition creates certainty for decarbonization drive dramatic reduction of emissions spending on clean energy will triple deliver two-thirds of climate goals


Question: IRA decarbonization game changer

Decarbonization is coming now.

Denman et al. '22 – Leader of Bain's Utilities & Renewables Practice in the Americas and is a Partner in the Chicago office (Aaron Denman, Cate Hight, and Michael Short; "The Inflation Reduction Act Is a Decarbonization Game Changer"; Bain; https://www.bain.com/insights/decarbonization-game-changer/; 10-27-2022; NC)

I R A changes trajectory  of emissions global leader reduces costs of decarbonization changes terms for private investment in clean energy crucial to global energy transition creates certainty for decarbonization drive dramatic reduction of emissions spending on clean energy will triple deliver two-thirds of climate goals


Question: Inflation Reduction Act decarbonization

Decarbonization is coming now.

Denman et al. '22 – Leader of Bain's Utilities & Renewables Practice in the Americas and is a Partner in the Chicago office (Aaron Denman, Cate Hight, and Michael Short; "The Inflation Reduction Act Is a Decarbonization Game Changer"; Bain; https://www.bain.com/insights/decarbonization-game-changer/; 10-27-2022; NC)

I R A changes trajectory  of emissions global leader reduces costs of decarbonization changes terms for private investment in clean energy crucial to global energy transition creates certainty for decarbonization drive dramatic reduction of emissions spending on clean energy will triple deliver two-thirds of climate goals


Question: clean energy investment will triple

Decarbonization is coming now.

Denman et al. '22 – Leader of Bain's Utilities & Renewables Practice in the Americas and is a Partner in the Chicago office (Aaron Denman, Cate Hight, and Michael Short; "The Inflation Reduction Act Is a Decarbonization Game Changer"; Bain; https://www.bain.com/insights/decarbonization-game-changer/; 10-27-2022; NC)

I R A changes trajectory  of emissions global leader reduces costs of decarbonization changes terms for private investment in clean energy crucial to global energy transition creates certainty for decarbonization drive dramatic reduction of emissions spending on clean energy will triple deliver two-thirds of climate goals


Question: IRA reduces decarbonization costs

Decarbonization is coming now.

Denman et al. '22 – Leader of Bain's Utilities & Renewables Practice in the Americas and is a Partner in the Chicago office (Aaron Denman, Cate Hight, and Michael Short; "The Inflation Reduction Act Is a Decarbonization Game Changer"; Bain; https://www.bain.com/insights/decarbonization-game-changer/; 10-27-2022; NC)

I R A changes trajectory  of emissions global leader reduces costs of decarbonization changes terms for private investment in clean energy crucial to global energy transition creates certainty for decarbonization drive dramatic reduction of emissions spending on clean energy will triple deliver two-thirds of climate goals


Question: IRA delivers two-thirds climate goals

Decarbonization is coming now.

Denman et al. '22 – Leader of Bain's Utilities & Renewables Practice in the Americas and is a Partner in the Chicago office (Aaron Denman, Cate Hight, and Michael Short; "The Inflation Reduction Act Is a Decarbonization Game Changer"; Bain; https://www.bain.com/insights/decarbonization-game-changer/; 10-27-2022; NC)

I R A changes trajectory  of emissions global leader reduces costs of decarbonization changes terms for private investment in clean energy crucial to global energy transition creates certainty for decarbonization drive dramatic reduction of emissions spending on clean energy will triple deliver two-thirds of climate goals


Question: ethicality not from black authorization

The ethicality of our advocacy does not derive from being authorized by the nearest black person, but rather from our commitment to pursue anti-racist political engagement for our own reasons in ways which do not inhibit black struggles for endurance

Aarons 16 (K. Aarons, researcher in philosophy, “No Selves to Abolish: Afropessimism, Anti-Politics and the End of the World,” Mute, 2-29-2016, http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/no-selves-to-abolish-afropessimism-anti-politics-and-end-world)

overcoming exploitation will require abolition of the conditions of oppression and the social relations they produce we engage for our own reasons in experimental forms If can align with Black struggle, this is not in willingness to be ‘authorised’ by the nearest Black person Rather, it is when we collectively assault the conditions that enforce those identities parallel rather than convergent lines not a re-centring of white identity, but decentring and multiplication of the fronts from which the material and symbolic apparatus of Humanity can be destituted


Question: aarons 16 ethicality

The ethicality of our advocacy does not derive from being authorized by the nearest black person, but rather from our commitment to pursue anti-racist political engagement for our own reasons in ways which do not inhibit black struggles for endurance

Aarons 16 (K. Aarons, researcher in philosophy, “No Selves to Abolish: Afropessimism, Anti-Politics and the End of the World,” Mute, 2-29-2016, http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/no-selves-to-abolish-afropessimism-anti-politics-and-end-world)

overcoming exploitation will require abolition of the conditions of oppression and the social relations they produce we engage for our own reasons in experimental forms If can align with Black struggle, this is not in willingness to be ‘authorised’ by the nearest Black person Rather, it is when we collectively assault the conditions that enforce those identities parallel rather than convergent lines not a re-centring of white identity, but decentring and multiplication of the fronts from which the material and symbolic apparatus of Humanity can be destituted


Question: K. Aarons

The ethicality of our advocacy does not derive from being authorized by the nearest black person, but rather from our commitment to pursue anti-racist political engagement for our own reasons in ways which do not inhibit black struggles for endurance

Aarons 16 (K. Aarons, researcher in philosophy, “No Selves to Abolish: Afropessimism, Anti-Politics and the End of the World,” Mute, 2-29-2016, http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/no-selves-to-abolish-afropessimism-anti-politics-and-end-world)

overcoming exploitation will require abolition of the conditions of oppression and the social relations they produce we engage for our own reasons in experimental forms If can align with Black struggle, this is not in willingness to be ‘authorised’ by the nearest Black person Rather, it is when we collectively assault the conditions that enforce those identities parallel rather than convergent lines not a re-centring of white identity, but decentring and multiplication of the fronts from which the material and symbolic apparatus of Humanity can be destituted


Question: black person authorization

The ethicality of our advocacy does not derive from being authorized by the nearest black person, but rather from our commitment to pursue anti-racist political engagement for our own reasons in ways which do not inhibit black struggles for endurance

Aarons 16 (K. Aarons, researcher in philosophy, “No Selves to Abolish: Afropessimism, Anti-Politics and the End of the World,” Mute, 2-29-2016, http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/no-selves-to-abolish-afropessimism-anti-politics-and-end-world)

overcoming exploitation will require abolition of the conditions of oppression and the social relations they produce we engage for our own reasons in experimental forms If can align with Black struggle, this is not in willingness to be ‘authorised’ by the nearest Black person Rather, it is when we collectively assault the conditions that enforce those identities parallel rather than convergent lines not a re-centring of white identity, but decentring and multiplication of the fronts from which the material and symbolic apparatus of Humanity can be destituted


Question: anti-racist political engagement

The ethicality of our advocacy does not derive from being authorized by the nearest black person, but rather from our commitment to pursue anti-racist political engagement for our own reasons in ways which do not inhibit black struggles for endurance

Aarons 16 (K. Aarons, researcher in philosophy, “No Selves to Abolish: Afropessimism, Anti-Politics and the End of the World,” Mute, 2-29-2016, http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/no-selves-to-abolish-afropessimism-anti-politics-and-end-world)

overcoming exploitation will require abolition of the conditions of oppression and the social relations they produce we engage for our own reasons in experimental forms If can align with Black struggle, this is not in willingness to be ‘authorised’ by the nearest Black person Rather, it is when we collectively assault the conditions that enforce those identities parallel rather than convergent lines not a re-centring of white identity, but decentring and multiplication of the fronts from which the material and symbolic apparatus of Humanity can be destituted


Question: overcoming exploitation requires abolition

The ethicality of our advocacy does not derive from being authorized by the nearest black person, but rather from our commitment to pursue anti-racist political engagement for our own reasons in ways which do not inhibit black struggles for endurance

Aarons 16 (K. Aarons, researcher in philosophy, “No Selves to Abolish: Afropessimism, Anti-Politics and the End of the World,” Mute, 2-29-2016, http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/no-selves-to-abolish-afropessimism-anti-politics-and-end-world)

overcoming exploitation will require abolition of the conditions of oppression and the social relations they produce we engage for our own reasons in experimental forms If can align with Black struggle, this is not in willingness to be ‘authorised’ by the nearest Black person Rather, it is when we collectively assault the conditions that enforce those identities parallel rather than convergent lines not a re-centring of white identity, but decentring and multiplication of the fronts from which the material and symbolic apparatus of Humanity can be destituted


Question: destituting humanity

The ethicality of our advocacy does not derive from being authorized by the nearest black person, but rather from our commitment to pursue anti-racist political engagement for our own reasons in ways which do not inhibit black struggles for endurance

Aarons 16 (K. Aarons, researcher in philosophy, “No Selves to Abolish: Afropessimism, Anti-Politics and the End of the World,” Mute, 2-29-2016, http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/no-selves-to-abolish-afropessimism-anti-politics-and-end-world)

overcoming exploitation will require abolition of the conditions of oppression and the social relations they produce we engage for our own reasons in experimental forms If can align with Black struggle, this is not in willingness to be ‘authorised’ by the nearest Black person Rather, it is when we collectively assault the conditions that enforce those identities parallel rather than convergent lines not a re-centring of white identity, but decentring and multiplication of the fronts from which the material and symbolic apparatus of Humanity can be destituted


Question: not convergent lines

The ethicality of our advocacy does not derive from being authorized by the nearest black person, but rather from our commitment to pursue anti-racist political engagement for our own reasons in ways which do not inhibit black struggles for endurance

Aarons 16 (K. Aarons, researcher in philosophy, “No Selves to Abolish: Afropessimism, Anti-Politics and the End of the World,” Mute, 2-29-2016, http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/no-selves-to-abolish-afropessimism-anti-politics-and-end-world)

overcoming exploitation will require abolition of the conditions of oppression and the social relations they produce we engage for our own reasons in experimental forms If can align with Black struggle, this is not in willingness to be ‘authorised’ by the nearest Black person Rather, it is when we collectively assault the conditions that enforce those identities parallel rather than convergent lines not a re-centring of white identity, but decentring and multiplication of the fronts from which the material and symbolic apparatus of Humanity can be destituted


Question: Saudi Crude Oil prices

More ev.

Lucente 24 [Adam Lucente reports for the Al-Monitor. "What's behind Saudi Arabia's increase in crude oil prices for Asian market?", Al-Monitor: The Middle Eastʼs leading independent news source since 2012, https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/05/whats-behind-saudi-arabias-increase-crude-oil-prices-asian-market published 5-6-2024, accessed 8-23-2024]

Saudi raised price of its oil to customers in Asia , hike constitutes the third consecutive monthly increase latest available price data for Arab Light was around $85 a barrel independent Chinese refineries imported 560,000 metric tons of Arab Light the increase is in line with Saudi Arabia’s efforts to keep prices up amid a fading risk of war in the Middle East Oil prices rose following the start of the Gaza war


Question: Lucente 24

More ev.

Lucente 24 [Adam Lucente reports for the Al-Monitor. "What's behind Saudi Arabia's increase in crude oil prices for Asian market?", Al-Monitor: The Middle Eastʼs leading independent news source since 2012, https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/05/whats-behind-saudi-arabias-increase-crude-oil-prices-asian-market published 5-6-2024, accessed 8-23-2024]

Saudi raised price of its oil to customers in Asia , hike constitutes the third consecutive monthly increase latest available price data for Arab Light was around $85 a barrel independent Chinese refineries imported 560,000 metric tons of Arab Light the increase is in line with Saudi Arabia’s efforts to keep prices up amid a fading risk of war in the Middle East Oil prices rose following the start of the Gaza war


Question: Saudi oil increase

More ev.

Lucente 24 [Adam Lucente reports for the Al-Monitor. "What's behind Saudi Arabia's increase in crude oil prices for Asian market?", Al-Monitor: The Middle Eastʼs leading independent news source since 2012, https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/05/whats-behind-saudi-arabias-increase-crude-oil-prices-asian-market published 5-6-2024, accessed 8-23-2024]

Saudi raised price of its oil to customers in Asia , hike constitutes the third consecutive monthly increase latest available price data for Arab Light was around $85 a barrel independent Chinese refineries imported 560,000 metric tons of Arab Light the increase is in line with Saudi Arabia’s efforts to keep prices up amid a fading risk of war in the Middle East Oil prices rose following the start of the Gaza war


Question: Arab Light price

More ev.

Lucente 24 [Adam Lucente reports for the Al-Monitor. "What's behind Saudi Arabia's increase in crude oil prices for Asian market?", Al-Monitor: The Middle Eastʼs leading independent news source since 2012, https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/05/whats-behind-saudi-arabias-increase-crude-oil-prices-asian-market published 5-6-2024, accessed 8-23-2024]

Saudi raised price of its oil to customers in Asia , hike constitutes the third consecutive monthly increase latest available price data for Arab Light was around $85 a barrel independent Chinese refineries imported 560,000 metric tons of Arab Light the increase is in line with Saudi Arabia’s efforts to keep prices up amid a fading risk of war in the Middle East Oil prices rose following the start of the Gaza war


Question: Oil prices Gaza war

More ev.

Lucente 24 [Adam Lucente reports for the Al-Monitor. "What's behind Saudi Arabia's increase in crude oil prices for Asian market?", Al-Monitor: The Middle Eastʼs leading independent news source since 2012, https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/05/whats-behind-saudi-arabias-increase-crude-oil-prices-asian-market published 5-6-2024, accessed 8-23-2024]

Saudi raised price of its oil to customers in Asia , hike constitutes the third consecutive monthly increase latest available price data for Arab Light was around $85 a barrel independent Chinese refineries imported 560,000 metric tons of Arab Light the increase is in line with Saudi Arabia’s efforts to keep prices up amid a fading risk of war in the Middle East Oil prices rose following the start of the Gaza war


Question: Saudi oil Asia

More ev.

Lucente 24 [Adam Lucente reports for the Al-Monitor. "What's behind Saudi Arabia's increase in crude oil prices for Asian market?", Al-Monitor: The Middle Eastʼs leading independent news source since 2012, https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/05/whats-behind-saudi-arabias-increase-crude-oil-prices-asian-market published 5-6-2024, accessed 8-23-2024]

Saudi raised price of its oil to customers in Asia , hike constitutes the third consecutive monthly increase latest available price data for Arab Light was around $85 a barrel independent Chinese refineries imported 560,000 metric tons of Arab Light the increase is in line with Saudi Arabia’s efforts to keep prices up amid a fading risk of war in the Middle East Oil prices rose following the start of the Gaza war


Question: Saudi Arabia crude oil prices

More ev.

Lucente 24 [Adam Lucente reports for the Al-Monitor. "What's behind Saudi Arabia's increase in crude oil prices for Asian market?", Al-Monitor: The Middle Eastʼs leading independent news source since 2012, https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/05/whats-behind-saudi-arabias-increase-crude-oil-prices-asian-market published 5-6-2024, accessed 8-23-2024]

Saudi raised price of its oil to customers in Asia , hike constitutes the third consecutive monthly increase latest available price data for Arab Light was around $85 a barrel independent Chinese refineries imported 560,000 metric tons of Arab Light the increase is in line with Saudi Arabia’s efforts to keep prices up amid a fading risk of war in the Middle East Oil prices rose following the start of the Gaza war


Question: Saudi Arabia increase crude prices

More ev.

Lucente 24 [Adam Lucente reports for the Al-Monitor. "What's behind Saudi Arabia's increase in crude oil prices for Asian market?", Al-Monitor: The Middle Eastʼs leading independent news source since 2012, https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/05/whats-behind-saudi-arabias-increase-crude-oil-prices-asian-market published 5-6-2024, accessed 8-23-2024]

Saudi raised price of its oil to customers in Asia , hike constitutes the third consecutive monthly increase latest available price data for Arab Light was around $85 a barrel independent Chinese refineries imported 560,000 metric tons of Arab Light the increase is in line with Saudi Arabia’s efforts to keep prices up amid a fading risk of war in the Middle East Oil prices rose following the start of the Gaza war


Question: Courts adopt policy absent legislative action

Courts may adopt public policy in the absence of legislative action

Keller 18 – Justice of the Kentucky Supreme Court, former Judge on the Kentucky Court of Appeals. Chairwoman Emeritus of the Kentucky Personnel Board. J.D. from Northern Kentucky University’s Chase College of Law.

when organs of public policy are silent courts may adopt policy


Question: Keller 18

Courts may adopt public policy in the absence of legislative action

Keller 18 – Justice of the Kentucky Supreme Court, former Judge on the Kentucky Court of Appeals. Chairwoman Emeritus of the Kentucky Personnel Board. J.D. from Northern Kentucky University’s Chase College of Law.

when organs of public policy are silent courts may adopt policy


Question: courts may adopt policy

Courts may adopt public policy in the absence of legislative action

Keller 18 – Justice of the Kentucky Supreme Court, former Judge on the Kentucky Court of Appeals. Chairwoman Emeritus of the Kentucky Personnel Board. J.D. from Northern Kentucky University’s Chase College of Law.

when organs of public policy are silent courts may adopt policy


Question: organs of public policy silent

Courts may adopt public policy in the absence of legislative action

Keller 18 – Justice of the Kentucky Supreme Court, former Judge on the Kentucky Court of Appeals. Chairwoman Emeritus of the Kentucky Personnel Board. J.D. from Northern Kentucky University’s Chase College of Law.

when organs of public policy are silent courts may adopt policy


Question: courts adopt policy

Courts may adopt public policy in the absence of legislative action

Keller 18 – Justice of the Kentucky Supreme Court, former Judge on the Kentucky Court of Appeals. Chairwoman Emeritus of the Kentucky Personnel Board. J.D. from Northern Kentucky University’s Chase College of Law.

when organs of public policy are silent courts may adopt policy


Question: Sinking energy industry bad for CCS

Sinking the energy industry pulls the rug out for CCS during a transitional stage of financing.

Hieminga 24 (Gerben Hieminga, Senior Sector Economist, Master’s in Macro & Monetary Economics from Tillburg University; Coco Zhang, ESG Research; January 29, 2024, “CCS growth is set to build as market struggles to kick off,” https://think.ing.com/articles/continued-growth-in-ccs-but-market-struggles-to-kick-off/#a6 [Accessed 8-31-24])//g6

Not a large banking market Finance mostly comes from  capital rich sponsors  like oil and gas majors utilities They finance CCS from their own balance sheets relatively little debt involved in this market industry is working to increase bankability  But a lot of things need to happen


Question: Hieminga 24

Sinking the energy industry pulls the rug out for CCS during a transitional stage of financing.

Hieminga 24 (Gerben Hieminga, Senior Sector Economist, Master’s in Macro & Monetary Economics from Tillburg University; Coco Zhang, ESG Research; January 29, 2024, “CCS growth is set to build as market struggles to kick off,” https://think.ing.com/articles/continued-growth-in-ccs-but-market-struggles-to-kick-off/#a6 [Accessed 8-31-24])//g6

Not a large banking market Finance mostly comes from  capital rich sponsors  like oil and gas majors utilities They finance CCS from their own balance sheets relatively little debt involved in this market industry is working to increase bankability  But a lot of things need to happen


Question: CCS finance struggles

Sinking the energy industry pulls the rug out for CCS during a transitional stage of financing.

Hieminga 24 (Gerben Hieminga, Senior Sector Economist, Master’s in Macro & Monetary Economics from Tillburg University; Coco Zhang, ESG Research; January 29, 2024, “CCS growth is set to build as market struggles to kick off,” https://think.ing.com/articles/continued-growth-in-ccs-but-market-struggles-to-kick-off/#a6 [Accessed 8-31-24])//g6

Not a large banking market Finance mostly comes from  capital rich sponsors  like oil and gas majors utilities They finance CCS from their own balance sheets relatively little debt involved in this market industry is working to increase bankability  But a lot of things need to happen


Question: CCS energy industry

Sinking the energy industry pulls the rug out for CCS during a transitional stage of financing.

Hieminga 24 (Gerben Hieminga, Senior Sector Economist, Master’s in Macro & Monetary Economics from Tillburg University; Coco Zhang, ESG Research; January 29, 2024, “CCS growth is set to build as market struggles to kick off,” https://think.ing.com/articles/continued-growth-in-ccs-but-market-struggles-to-kick-off/#a6 [Accessed 8-31-24])//g6

Not a large banking market Finance mostly comes from  capital rich sponsors  like oil and gas majors utilities They finance CCS from their own balance sheets relatively little debt involved in this market industry is working to increase bankability  But a lot of things need to happen


Question: CCS bankability

Sinking the energy industry pulls the rug out for CCS during a transitional stage of financing.

Hieminga 24 (Gerben Hieminga, Senior Sector Economist, Master’s in Macro & Monetary Economics from Tillburg University; Coco Zhang, ESG Research; January 29, 2024, “CCS growth is set to build as market struggles to kick off,” https://think.ing.com/articles/continued-growth-in-ccs-but-market-struggles-to-kick-off/#a6 [Accessed 8-31-24])//g6

Not a large banking market Finance mostly comes from  capital rich sponsors  like oil and gas majors utilities They finance CCS from their own balance sheets relatively little debt involved in this market industry is working to increase bankability  But a lot of things need to happen


Question: CCS balance sheets

Sinking the energy industry pulls the rug out for CCS during a transitional stage of financing.

Hieminga 24 (Gerben Hieminga, Senior Sector Economist, Master’s in Macro & Monetary Economics from Tillburg University; Coco Zhang, ESG Research; January 29, 2024, “CCS growth is set to build as market struggles to kick off,” https://think.ing.com/articles/continued-growth-in-ccs-but-market-struggles-to-kick-off/#a6 [Accessed 8-31-24])//g6

Not a large banking market Finance mostly comes from  capital rich sponsors  like oil and gas majors utilities They finance CCS from their own balance sheets relatively little debt involved in this market industry is working to increase bankability  But a lot of things need to happen


Question: Oil earnings backstop Vision 2030

Oil earnings are high enough to backstop Vision 2030---key to Saudi diversification.

Alsweilem 8-1-2024, PhD, economics; visiting scholar with the Stanford University Global Projects Center. (Khalid Alsweilem, Prof. Michael Lepech, Dr. Ashby Monk, and Dr. Malan Rietveld, “Saudi Arabia: From the Big Push to the Long Push,” Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness at Stanford University, p. 3-15, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4912451)

Vision has accelerated with the current investment boom  representing a Push towards diversification infrastructure are complemented by industrial policies focused on renewable energy biotech AI and manufacturing The Saudi advantage is an ability to harness oil revenues  for public investment public investment can be accommodated by revenues associated with 75 in Vision foreign income is needed to pay for intermediate goods capital machinery and services oil have been the exclusive source of earnings diversifying will enable Saudi to prepare for a post-oil future stability and resilience persist as risks in the event of protracted decline While 2024 oil prices allow a expansionary fiscal path reform momentum would be tested in a decline in oil revenues


Question: Alsweilem 8-1-2024

Oil earnings are high enough to backstop Vision 2030---key to Saudi diversification.

Alsweilem 8-1-2024, PhD, economics; visiting scholar with the Stanford University Global Projects Center. (Khalid Alsweilem, Prof. Michael Lepech, Dr. Ashby Monk, and Dr. Malan Rietveld, “Saudi Arabia: From the Big Push to the Long Push,” Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness at Stanford University, p. 3-15, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4912451)

Vision has accelerated with the current investment boom  representing a Push towards diversification infrastructure are complemented by industrial policies focused on renewable energy biotech AI and manufacturing The Saudi advantage is an ability to harness oil revenues  for public investment public investment can be accommodated by revenues associated with 75 in Vision foreign income is needed to pay for intermediate goods capital machinery and services oil have been the exclusive source of earnings diversifying will enable Saudi to prepare for a post-oil future stability and resilience persist as risks in the event of protracted decline While 2024 oil prices allow a expansionary fiscal path reform momentum would be tested in a decline in oil revenues


Question: Saudi diversification

Oil earnings are high enough to backstop Vision 2030---key to Saudi diversification.

Alsweilem 8-1-2024, PhD, economics; visiting scholar with the Stanford University Global Projects Center. (Khalid Alsweilem, Prof. Michael Lepech, Dr. Ashby Monk, and Dr. Malan Rietveld, “Saudi Arabia: From the Big Push to the Long Push,” Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness at Stanford University, p. 3-15, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4912451)

Vision has accelerated with the current investment boom  representing a Push towards diversification infrastructure are complemented by industrial policies focused on renewable energy biotech AI and manufacturing The Saudi advantage is an ability to harness oil revenues  for public investment public investment can be accommodated by revenues associated with 75 in Vision foreign income is needed to pay for intermediate goods capital machinery and services oil have been the exclusive source of earnings diversifying will enable Saudi to prepare for a post-oil future stability and resilience persist as risks in the event of protracted decline While 2024 oil prices allow a expansionary fiscal path reform momentum would be tested in a decline in oil revenues


Question: Saudi oil revenues

Oil earnings are high enough to backstop Vision 2030---key to Saudi diversification.

Alsweilem 8-1-2024, PhD, economics; visiting scholar with the Stanford University Global Projects Center. (Khalid Alsweilem, Prof. Michael Lepech, Dr. Ashby Monk, and Dr. Malan Rietveld, “Saudi Arabia: From the Big Push to the Long Push,” Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness at Stanford University, p. 3-15, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4912451)

Vision has accelerated with the current investment boom  representing a Push towards diversification infrastructure are complemented by industrial policies focused on renewable energy biotech AI and manufacturing The Saudi advantage is an ability to harness oil revenues  for public investment public investment can be accommodated by revenues associated with 75 in Vision foreign income is needed to pay for intermediate goods capital machinery and services oil have been the exclusive source of earnings diversifying will enable Saudi to prepare for a post-oil future stability and resilience persist as risks in the event of protracted decline While 2024 oil prices allow a expansionary fiscal path reform momentum would be tested in a decline in oil revenues


Question: Vision 2030 investment

Oil earnings are high enough to backstop Vision 2030---key to Saudi diversification.

Alsweilem 8-1-2024, PhD, economics; visiting scholar with the Stanford University Global Projects Center. (Khalid Alsweilem, Prof. Michael Lepech, Dr. Ashby Monk, and Dr. Malan Rietveld, “Saudi Arabia: From the Big Push to the Long Push,” Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness at Stanford University, p. 3-15, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4912451)

Vision has accelerated with the current investment boom  representing a Push towards diversification infrastructure are complemented by industrial policies focused on renewable energy biotech AI and manufacturing The Saudi advantage is an ability to harness oil revenues  for public investment public investment can be accommodated by revenues associated with 75 in Vision foreign income is needed to pay for intermediate goods capital machinery and services oil have been the exclusive source of earnings diversifying will enable Saudi to prepare for a post-oil future stability and resilience persist as risks in the event of protracted decline While 2024 oil prices allow a expansionary fiscal path reform momentum would be tested in a decline in oil revenues


Question: Saudi Arabia post-oil future

Oil earnings are high enough to backstop Vision 2030---key to Saudi diversification.

Alsweilem 8-1-2024, PhD, economics; visiting scholar with the Stanford University Global Projects Center. (Khalid Alsweilem, Prof. Michael Lepech, Dr. Ashby Monk, and Dr. Malan Rietveld, “Saudi Arabia: From the Big Push to the Long Push,” Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness at Stanford University, p. 3-15, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4912451)

Vision has accelerated with the current investment boom  representing a Push towards diversification infrastructure are complemented by industrial policies focused on renewable energy biotech AI and manufacturing The Saudi advantage is an ability to harness oil revenues  for public investment public investment can be accommodated by revenues associated with 75 in Vision foreign income is needed to pay for intermediate goods capital machinery and services oil have been the exclusive source of earnings diversifying will enable Saudi to prepare for a post-oil future stability and resilience persist as risks in the event of protracted decline While 2024 oil prices allow a expansionary fiscal path reform momentum would be tested in a decline in oil revenues


Question: Oil prices allow fiscal expansion

Oil earnings are high enough to backstop Vision 2030---key to Saudi diversification.

Alsweilem 8-1-2024, PhD, economics; visiting scholar with the Stanford University Global Projects Center. (Khalid Alsweilem, Prof. Michael Lepech, Dr. Ashby Monk, and Dr. Malan Rietveld, “Saudi Arabia: From the Big Push to the Long Push,” Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness at Stanford University, p. 3-15, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4912451)

Vision has accelerated with the current investment boom  representing a Push towards diversification infrastructure are complemented by industrial policies focused on renewable energy biotech AI and manufacturing The Saudi advantage is an ability to harness oil revenues  for public investment public investment can be accommodated by revenues associated with 75 in Vision foreign income is needed to pay for intermediate goods capital machinery and services oil have been the exclusive source of earnings diversifying will enable Saudi to prepare for a post-oil future stability and resilience persist as risks in the event of protracted decline While 2024 oil prices allow a expansionary fiscal path reform momentum would be tested in a decline in oil revenues


Question: Saudi economy diversification

Oil earnings are high enough to backstop Vision 2030---key to Saudi diversification.

Alsweilem 8-1-2024, PhD, economics; visiting scholar with the Stanford University Global Projects Center. (Khalid Alsweilem, Prof. Michael Lepech, Dr. Ashby Monk, and Dr. Malan Rietveld, “Saudi Arabia: From the Big Push to the Long Push,” Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness at Stanford University, p. 3-15, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4912451)

Vision has accelerated with the current investment boom  representing a Push towards diversification infrastructure are complemented by industrial policies focused on renewable energy biotech AI and manufacturing The Saudi advantage is an ability to harness oil revenues  for public investment public investment can be accommodated by revenues associated with 75 in Vision foreign income is needed to pay for intermediate goods capital machinery and services oil have been the exclusive source of earnings diversifying will enable Saudi to prepare for a post-oil future stability and resilience persist as risks in the event of protracted decline While 2024 oil prices allow a expansionary fiscal path reform momentum would be tested in a decline in oil revenues


Question: CP is competitive

The CP is competitive--- “For” means that a policy’s purpose must be “decarbonization.”

John Deacon Bates 23. Judge; US District Court for the District of Columbia

The word  "for"  matters "for" indicate[s] the object or purpose of an action One dresses " for " dinner or studies " for " an exam even if  the exam never occurs one could read for " to mean " resulting in reference to the intended purpose


Question: Bates 23

The CP is competitive--- “For” means that a policy’s purpose must be “decarbonization.”

John Deacon Bates 23. Judge; US District Court for the District of Columbia

The word  "for"  matters "for" indicate[s] the object or purpose of an action One dresses " for " dinner or studies " for " an exam even if  the exam never occurs one could read for " to mean " resulting in reference to the intended purpose


Question: John Deacon Bates

The CP is competitive--- “For” means that a policy’s purpose must be “decarbonization.”

John Deacon Bates 23. Judge; US District Court for the District of Columbia

The word  "for"  matters "for" indicate[s] the object or purpose of an action One dresses " for " dinner or studies " for " an exam even if  the exam never occurs one could read for " to mean " resulting in reference to the intended purpose


Question: Definition of the word for

The CP is competitive--- “For” means that a policy’s purpose must be “decarbonization.”

John Deacon Bates 23. Judge; US District Court for the District of Columbia

The word  "for"  matters "for" indicate[s] the object or purpose of an action One dresses " for " dinner or studies " for " an exam even if  the exam never occurs one could read for " to mean " resulting in reference to the intended purpose


Question: "for" means decarbonization

The CP is competitive--- “For” means that a policy’s purpose must be “decarbonization.”

John Deacon Bates 23. Judge; US District Court for the District of Columbia

The word  "for"  matters "for" indicate[s] the object or purpose of an action One dresses " for " dinner or studies " for " an exam even if  the exam never occurs one could read for " to mean " resulting in reference to the intended purpose


Question: CP is competitive definition

The CP is competitive--- “For” means that a policy’s purpose must be “decarbonization.”

John Deacon Bates 23. Judge; US District Court for the District of Columbia

The word  "for"  matters "for" indicate[s] the object or purpose of an action One dresses " for " dinner or studies " for " an exam even if  the exam never occurs one could read for " to mean " resulting in reference to the intended purpose


Question: policy's purpose must be decarbonization

The CP is competitive--- “For” means that a policy’s purpose must be “decarbonization.”

John Deacon Bates 23. Judge; US District Court for the District of Columbia

The word  "for"  matters "for" indicate[s] the object or purpose of an action One dresses " for " dinner or studies " for " an exam even if  the exam never occurs one could read for " to mean " resulting in reference to the intended purpose


Question: Novel and reverse causal data

Novel & reverse causal data proves.

Norman & Schlenker ’24 – Ray A. Goldberg Professor of the Global Food System Harvard Kennedy School of Government; Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Research Fellow, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) (Maya Norman & Wolfram Schlenker; “Empirical Tests of the Green Paradox for Climate Legislation”; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc; NBER Working Paper Series, 2024-05; https://doi.org/10.3386/w32405; 01-29-2024; NC)

We provide  novel evidence on Green Paradox Climate bills limit daily oil price data  and  market estimates  of probability bill will pass prices respond to release of new info daily variation overcome reverse causality  challenges we link changes in oil futures to salience of climate policy find highly significant negative  relationship high magnitude surprise ruling of a Dutch Court associated with significant negative price prediction market show persistence Effects continuously increase  for 24 months


Question: Norman & Schlenker ’24

Novel & reverse causal data proves.

Norman & Schlenker ’24 – Ray A. Goldberg Professor of the Global Food System Harvard Kennedy School of Government; Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Research Fellow, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) (Maya Norman & Wolfram Schlenker; “Empirical Tests of the Green Paradox for Climate Legislation”; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc; NBER Working Paper Series, 2024-05; https://doi.org/10.3386/w32405; 01-29-2024; NC)

We provide  novel evidence on Green Paradox Climate bills limit daily oil price data  and  market estimates  of probability bill will pass prices respond to release of new info daily variation overcome reverse causality  challenges we link changes in oil futures to salience of climate policy find highly significant negative  relationship high magnitude surprise ruling of a Dutch Court associated with significant negative price prediction market show persistence Effects continuously increase  for 24 months


Question: Green Paradox evidence

Novel & reverse causal data proves.

Norman & Schlenker ’24 – Ray A. Goldberg Professor of the Global Food System Harvard Kennedy School of Government; Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Research Fellow, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) (Maya Norman & Wolfram Schlenker; “Empirical Tests of the Green Paradox for Climate Legislation”; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc; NBER Working Paper Series, 2024-05; https://doi.org/10.3386/w32405; 01-29-2024; NC)

We provide  novel evidence on Green Paradox Climate bills limit daily oil price data  and  market estimates  of probability bill will pass prices respond to release of new info daily variation overcome reverse causality  challenges we link changes in oil futures to salience of climate policy find highly significant negative  relationship high magnitude surprise ruling of a Dutch Court associated with significant negative price prediction market show persistence Effects continuously increase  for 24 months


Question: climate policy and oil prices

Novel & reverse causal data proves.

Norman & Schlenker ’24 – Ray A. Goldberg Professor of the Global Food System Harvard Kennedy School of Government; Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Research Fellow, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) (Maya Norman & Wolfram Schlenker; “Empirical Tests of the Green Paradox for Climate Legislation”; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc; NBER Working Paper Series, 2024-05; https://doi.org/10.3386/w32405; 01-29-2024; NC)

We provide  novel evidence on Green Paradox Climate bills limit daily oil price data  and  market estimates  of probability bill will pass prices respond to release of new info daily variation overcome reverse causality  challenges we link changes in oil futures to salience of climate policy find highly significant negative  relationship high magnitude surprise ruling of a Dutch Court associated with significant negative price prediction market show persistence Effects continuously increase  for 24 months


Question: oil price response to climate policy

Novel & reverse causal data proves.

Norman & Schlenker ’24 – Ray A. Goldberg Professor of the Global Food System Harvard Kennedy School of Government; Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Research Fellow, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) (Maya Norman & Wolfram Schlenker; “Empirical Tests of the Green Paradox for Climate Legislation”; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc; NBER Working Paper Series, 2024-05; https://doi.org/10.3386/w32405; 01-29-2024; NC)

We provide  novel evidence on Green Paradox Climate bills limit daily oil price data  and  market estimates  of probability bill will pass prices respond to release of new info daily variation overcome reverse causality  challenges we link changes in oil futures to salience of climate policy find highly significant negative  relationship high magnitude surprise ruling of a Dutch Court associated with significant negative price prediction market show persistence Effects continuously increase  for 24 months


Question: Empirical Tests of the Green Paradox

Novel & reverse causal data proves.

Norman & Schlenker ’24 – Ray A. Goldberg Professor of the Global Food System Harvard Kennedy School of Government; Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Research Fellow, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) (Maya Norman & Wolfram Schlenker; “Empirical Tests of the Green Paradox for Climate Legislation”; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc; NBER Working Paper Series, 2024-05; https://doi.org/10.3386/w32405; 01-29-2024; NC)

We provide  novel evidence on Green Paradox Climate bills limit daily oil price data  and  market estimates  of probability bill will pass prices respond to release of new info daily variation overcome reverse causality  challenges we link changes in oil futures to salience of climate policy find highly significant negative  relationship high magnitude surprise ruling of a Dutch Court associated with significant negative price prediction market show persistence Effects continuously increase  for 24 months


Question: negative relationship oil prices and policy

Novel & reverse causal data proves.

Norman & Schlenker ’24 – Ray A. Goldberg Professor of the Global Food System Harvard Kennedy School of Government; Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Research Fellow, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) (Maya Norman & Wolfram Schlenker; “Empirical Tests of the Green Paradox for Climate Legislation”; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc; NBER Working Paper Series, 2024-05; https://doi.org/10.3386/w32405; 01-29-2024; NC)

We provide  novel evidence on Green Paradox Climate bills limit daily oil price data  and  market estimates  of probability bill will pass prices respond to release of new info daily variation overcome reverse causality  challenges we link changes in oil futures to salience of climate policy find highly significant negative  relationship high magnitude surprise ruling of a Dutch Court associated with significant negative price prediction market show persistence Effects continuously increase  for 24 months


Question: Dutch court ruling oil futures

Novel & reverse causal data proves.

Norman & Schlenker ’24 – Ray A. Goldberg Professor of the Global Food System Harvard Kennedy School of Government; Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Research Fellow, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) (Maya Norman & Wolfram Schlenker; “Empirical Tests of the Green Paradox for Climate Legislation”; Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc; NBER Working Paper Series, 2024-05; https://doi.org/10.3386/w32405; 01-29-2024; NC)

We provide  novel evidence on Green Paradox Climate bills limit daily oil price data  and  market estimates  of probability bill will pass prices respond to release of new info daily variation overcome reverse causality  challenges we link changes in oil futures to salience of climate policy find highly significant negative  relationship high magnitude surprise ruling of a Dutch Court associated with significant negative price prediction market show persistence Effects continuously increase  for 24 months


Question: CCS locks in fossil fuel

2. Turn - CCS locks in fossil fuel infrastructure.

Asayama '21 – Social Systems Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (Shinichiro Asayama; "The Oxymoron of Carbon Dioxide Removal: Escaping Carbon Lock-In and yet Perpetuating the Fossil Status Quo?"; Frontiers in Climate, Vol. 3, Sec. Carbon Dioxide Removal; 07-11-2021; https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.673515)

CCS presented as a “bridging tech appeal was to allow continued use of fossil fuels cost of renewable generation has fallen dramatically the  cheapest in many places progress in CCS stalled and not been deployed adding CCS deepen lock-in building infrastructure for capturing transporting  and  storing as socio-technical system requires  large capital investments with  long lead-times This increases infrastructural inertia for decades and  make difficult transition


Question: Asayama 2021

2. Turn - CCS locks in fossil fuel infrastructure.

Asayama '21 – Social Systems Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (Shinichiro Asayama; "The Oxymoron of Carbon Dioxide Removal: Escaping Carbon Lock-In and yet Perpetuating the Fossil Status Quo?"; Frontiers in Climate, Vol. 3, Sec. Carbon Dioxide Removal; 07-11-2021; https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.673515)

CCS presented as a “bridging tech appeal was to allow continued use of fossil fuels cost of renewable generation has fallen dramatically the  cheapest in many places progress in CCS stalled and not been deployed adding CCS deepen lock-in building infrastructure for capturing transporting  and  storing as socio-technical system requires  large capital investments with  long lead-times This increases infrastructural inertia for decades and  make difficult transition


Question: carbon dioxide removal

2. Turn - CCS locks in fossil fuel infrastructure.

Asayama '21 – Social Systems Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (Shinichiro Asayama; "The Oxymoron of Carbon Dioxide Removal: Escaping Carbon Lock-In and yet Perpetuating the Fossil Status Quo?"; Frontiers in Climate, Vol. 3, Sec. Carbon Dioxide Removal; 07-11-2021; https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.673515)

CCS presented as a “bridging tech appeal was to allow continued use of fossil fuels cost of renewable generation has fallen dramatically the  cheapest in many places progress in CCS stalled and not been deployed adding CCS deepen lock-in building infrastructure for capturing transporting  and  storing as socio-technical system requires  large capital investments with  long lead-times This increases infrastructural inertia for decades and  make difficult transition


Question: CCS infrastructure locks in fossil fuels

2. Turn - CCS locks in fossil fuel infrastructure.

Asayama '21 – Social Systems Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (Shinichiro Asayama; "The Oxymoron of Carbon Dioxide Removal: Escaping Carbon Lock-In and yet Perpetuating the Fossil Status Quo?"; Frontiers in Climate, Vol. 3, Sec. Carbon Dioxide Removal; 07-11-2021; https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.673515)

CCS presented as a “bridging tech appeal was to allow continued use of fossil fuels cost of renewable generation has fallen dramatically the  cheapest in many places progress in CCS stalled and not been deployed adding CCS deepen lock-in building infrastructure for capturing transporting  and  storing as socio-technical system requires  large capital investments with  long lead-times This increases infrastructural inertia for decades and  make difficult transition


Question: bridging technology

2. Turn - CCS locks in fossil fuel infrastructure.

Asayama '21 – Social Systems Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (Shinichiro Asayama; "The Oxymoron of Carbon Dioxide Removal: Escaping Carbon Lock-In and yet Perpetuating the Fossil Status Quo?"; Frontiers in Climate, Vol. 3, Sec. Carbon Dioxide Removal; 07-11-2021; https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.673515)

CCS presented as a “bridging tech appeal was to allow continued use of fossil fuels cost of renewable generation has fallen dramatically the  cheapest in many places progress in CCS stalled and not been deployed adding CCS deepen lock-in building infrastructure for capturing transporting  and  storing as socio-technical system requires  large capital investments with  long lead-times This increases infrastructural inertia for decades and  make difficult transition


Question: CCS stalls renewable energy

2. Turn - CCS locks in fossil fuel infrastructure.

Asayama '21 – Social Systems Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (Shinichiro Asayama; "The Oxymoron of Carbon Dioxide Removal: Escaping Carbon Lock-In and yet Perpetuating the Fossil Status Quo?"; Frontiers in Climate, Vol. 3, Sec. Carbon Dioxide Removal; 07-11-2021; https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.673515)

CCS presented as a “bridging tech appeal was to allow continued use of fossil fuels cost of renewable generation has fallen dramatically the  cheapest in many places progress in CCS stalled and not been deployed adding CCS deepen lock-in building infrastructure for capturing transporting  and  storing as socio-technical system requires  large capital investments with  long lead-times This increases infrastructural inertia for decades and  make difficult transition


Question: fossil fuel infrastructure

2. Turn - CCS locks in fossil fuel infrastructure.

Asayama '21 – Social Systems Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (Shinichiro Asayama; "The Oxymoron of Carbon Dioxide Removal: Escaping Carbon Lock-In and yet Perpetuating the Fossil Status Quo?"; Frontiers in Climate, Vol. 3, Sec. Carbon Dioxide Removal; 07-11-2021; https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.673515)

CCS presented as a “bridging tech appeal was to allow continued use of fossil fuels cost of renewable generation has fallen dramatically the  cheapest in many places progress in CCS stalled and not been deployed adding CCS deepen lock-in building infrastructure for capturing transporting  and  storing as socio-technical system requires  large capital investments with  long lead-times This increases infrastructural inertia for decades and  make difficult transition


Question: State best climate action

Only the state can transform society/behavior in time to avoid worst impacts of climate change

Beardsworth, PhD, 20

Climate action requires political acti on nothing short of coordinated national action can be effective . the state remains the focus we should turn to, not turn away from , the state the state holds the levers of power Green New Deal can steer fiscal, and sector-policies in such a way that both businesses and consumers shift behaviour integration of climate policy with radical policies provides the only way in which a regenerative society is possible Without this convergence solutions will not tackle the scale and timeline they will re-create a deeply divided polity that could lead worse division and fear


Question: Beardsworth 20

Only the state can transform society/behavior in time to avoid worst impacts of climate change

Beardsworth, PhD, 20

Climate action requires political acti on nothing short of coordinated national action can be effective . the state remains the focus we should turn to, not turn away from , the state the state holds the levers of power Green New Deal can steer fiscal, and sector-policies in such a way that both businesses and consumers shift behaviour integration of climate policy with radical policies provides the only way in which a regenerative society is possible Without this convergence solutions will not tackle the scale and timeline they will re-create a deeply divided polity that could lead worse division and fear


Question: state transformation

Only the state can transform society/behavior in time to avoid worst impacts of climate change

Beardsworth, PhD, 20

Climate action requires political acti on nothing short of coordinated national action can be effective . the state remains the focus we should turn to, not turn away from , the state the state holds the levers of power Green New Deal can steer fiscal, and sector-policies in such a way that both businesses and consumers shift behaviour integration of climate policy with radical policies provides the only way in which a regenerative society is possible Without this convergence solutions will not tackle the scale and timeline they will re-create a deeply divided polity that could lead worse division and fear


Question: Only state can transform society

Only the state can transform society/behavior in time to avoid worst impacts of climate change

Beardsworth, PhD, 20

Climate action requires political acti on nothing short of coordinated national action can be effective . the state remains the focus we should turn to, not turn away from , the state the state holds the levers of power Green New Deal can steer fiscal, and sector-policies in such a way that both businesses and consumers shift behaviour integration of climate policy with radical policies provides the only way in which a regenerative society is possible Without this convergence solutions will not tackle the scale and timeline they will re-create a deeply divided polity that could lead worse division and fear


Question: Green new deal climate policy

Only the state can transform society/behavior in time to avoid worst impacts of climate change

Beardsworth, PhD, 20

Climate action requires political acti on nothing short of coordinated national action can be effective . the state remains the focus we should turn to, not turn away from , the state the state holds the levers of power Green New Deal can steer fiscal, and sector-policies in such a way that both businesses and consumers shift behaviour integration of climate policy with radical policies provides the only way in which a regenerative society is possible Without this convergence solutions will not tackle the scale and timeline they will re-create a deeply divided polity that could lead worse division and fear


Question: climate action political

Only the state can transform society/behavior in time to avoid worst impacts of climate change

Beardsworth, PhD, 20

Climate action requires political acti on nothing short of coordinated national action can be effective . the state remains the focus we should turn to, not turn away from , the state the state holds the levers of power Green New Deal can steer fiscal, and sector-policies in such a way that both businesses and consumers shift behaviour integration of climate policy with radical policies provides the only way in which a regenerative society is possible Without this convergence solutions will not tackle the scale and timeline they will re-create a deeply divided polity that could lead worse division and fear


Question: national action is effective

Only the state can transform society/behavior in time to avoid worst impacts of climate change

Beardsworth, PhD, 20

Climate action requires political acti on nothing short of coordinated national action can be effective . the state remains the focus we should turn to, not turn away from , the state the state holds the levers of power Green New Deal can steer fiscal, and sector-policies in such a way that both businesses and consumers shift behaviour integration of climate policy with radical policies provides the only way in which a regenerative society is possible Without this convergence solutions will not tackle the scale and timeline they will re-create a deeply divided polity that could lead worse division and fear


Question: Decarbonization means everywhere

Decarbonization means EVERYWHERE.

Zopeful Climate Ltd., 2024, "Decarbonization Definition", CLIMATE DICTIONARY, https://zopeful.com/climate-dictionary/decarbonization

Decarbonization is disconnecting all the things  from creating carbon emissions. It is the process to stop emitting Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere. like oil, coal Decarbonization means reducing and then eliminating the associated carbon emissions in everything


Question: Zopeful climate ltd

Decarbonization means EVERYWHERE.

Zopeful Climate Ltd., 2024, "Decarbonization Definition", CLIMATE DICTIONARY, https://zopeful.com/climate-dictionary/decarbonization

Decarbonization is disconnecting all the things  from creating carbon emissions. It is the process to stop emitting Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere. like oil, coal Decarbonization means reducing and then eliminating the associated carbon emissions in everything


Question: Decarbonization disconnecting all the things

Decarbonization means EVERYWHERE.

Zopeful Climate Ltd., 2024, "Decarbonization Definition", CLIMATE DICTIONARY, https://zopeful.com/climate-dictionary/decarbonization

Decarbonization is disconnecting all the things  from creating carbon emissions. It is the process to stop emitting Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere. like oil, coal Decarbonization means reducing and then eliminating the associated carbon emissions in everything


Question: eliminating associated carbon emissions

Decarbonization means EVERYWHERE.

Zopeful Climate Ltd., 2024, "Decarbonization Definition", CLIMATE DICTIONARY, https://zopeful.com/climate-dictionary/decarbonization

Decarbonization is disconnecting all the things  from creating carbon emissions. It is the process to stop emitting Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere. like oil, coal Decarbonization means reducing and then eliminating the associated carbon emissions in everything


Question: stop emitting carbon dioxide

Decarbonization means EVERYWHERE.

Zopeful Climate Ltd., 2024, "Decarbonization Definition", CLIMATE DICTIONARY, https://zopeful.com/climate-dictionary/decarbonization

Decarbonization is disconnecting all the things  from creating carbon emissions. It is the process to stop emitting Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere. like oil, coal Decarbonization means reducing and then eliminating the associated carbon emissions in everything


Question: Alt causes backlash

5. The alt causes backlash and transition wars and flips the environment impact.

Karlsson 21 – (Rasmus, "Learning in the Anthropocene" Soc. Sci. 10, no. 6: 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060233 18 June 2021)// gcd

pre-modern societies were Experiencing scarcity conflict negative emission SRM will stabilize temperatures limiting warming will require industrial society behavioral change overlooks lack of public consent countries committed to growth would gain military advantage tech solve problems breakthroughs in bio hold the key late-capitalist affluence enabled postmaterial identities hobby farming collapsing economy lead to survivalist values and violence retreating from the economy slowi innovation Without trade scarcities exacerbated waning of war fact there has not been nuclear exchange vindicate optimistic reading


Question: Karlsson 21

5. The alt causes backlash and transition wars and flips the environment impact.

Karlsson 21 – (Rasmus, "Learning in the Anthropocene" Soc. Sci. 10, no. 6: 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060233 18 June 2021)// gcd

pre-modern societies were Experiencing scarcity conflict negative emission SRM will stabilize temperatures limiting warming will require industrial society behavioral change overlooks lack of public consent countries committed to growth would gain military advantage tech solve problems breakthroughs in bio hold the key late-capitalist affluence enabled postmaterial identities hobby farming collapsing economy lead to survivalist values and violence retreating from the economy slowi innovation Without trade scarcities exacerbated waning of war fact there has not been nuclear exchange vindicate optimistic reading


Question: Rasmus Karlsson

5. The alt causes backlash and transition wars and flips the environment impact.

Karlsson 21 – (Rasmus, "Learning in the Anthropocene" Soc. Sci. 10, no. 6: 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060233 18 June 2021)// gcd

pre-modern societies were Experiencing scarcity conflict negative emission SRM will stabilize temperatures limiting warming will require industrial society behavioral change overlooks lack of public consent countries committed to growth would gain military advantage tech solve problems breakthroughs in bio hold the key late-capitalist affluence enabled postmaterial identities hobby farming collapsing economy lead to survivalist values and violence retreating from the economy slowi innovation Without trade scarcities exacerbated waning of war fact there has not been nuclear exchange vindicate optimistic reading


Question: late-capitalist affluence

5. The alt causes backlash and transition wars and flips the environment impact.

Karlsson 21 – (Rasmus, "Learning in the Anthropocene" Soc. Sci. 10, no. 6: 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060233 18 June 2021)// gcd

pre-modern societies were Experiencing scarcity conflict negative emission SRM will stabilize temperatures limiting warming will require industrial society behavioral change overlooks lack of public consent countries committed to growth would gain military advantage tech solve problems breakthroughs in bio hold the key late-capitalist affluence enabled postmaterial identities hobby farming collapsing economy lead to survivalist values and violence retreating from the economy slowi innovation Without trade scarcities exacerbated waning of war fact there has not been nuclear exchange vindicate optimistic reading


Question: transition wars flip environment

5. The alt causes backlash and transition wars and flips the environment impact.

Karlsson 21 – (Rasmus, "Learning in the Anthropocene" Soc. Sci. 10, no. 6: 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060233 18 June 2021)// gcd

pre-modern societies were Experiencing scarcity conflict negative emission SRM will stabilize temperatures limiting warming will require industrial society behavioral change overlooks lack of public consent countries committed to growth would gain military advantage tech solve problems breakthroughs in bio hold the key late-capitalist affluence enabled postmaterial identities hobby farming collapsing economy lead to survivalist values and violence retreating from the economy slowi innovation Without trade scarcities exacerbated waning of war fact there has not been nuclear exchange vindicate optimistic reading


Question: scarcities exacerbated waning of war

5. The alt causes backlash and transition wars and flips the environment impact.

Karlsson 21 – (Rasmus, "Learning in the Anthropocene" Soc. Sci. 10, no. 6: 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060233 18 June 2021)// gcd

pre-modern societies were Experiencing scarcity conflict negative emission SRM will stabilize temperatures limiting warming will require industrial society behavioral change overlooks lack of public consent countries committed to growth would gain military advantage tech solve problems breakthroughs in bio hold the key late-capitalist affluence enabled postmaterial identities hobby farming collapsing economy lead to survivalist values and violence retreating from the economy slowi innovation Without trade scarcities exacerbated waning of war fact there has not been nuclear exchange vindicate optimistic reading


Question: Securitizing against cyber threats is good

Securitizing against cyber threats is good – the US has empirically underestimated Russia’s cyber aggression which has caused further escalation.

Alspach, '22 – Kyle Alspach ( @KyleAlspach) is a senior reporter at Protocol, focused on cybersecurity  (Kyle Alspach; "‘Reckless cowboy’: U.S. may underestimate Putin’s cyber strategy"; VentureBeat; https://venturebeat.com/2022/02/25/reckless-cowboy-u-s-may-underestimate-putins-cyber-strategy/; 2-25-2022, Accessed 7-7-2022)//ILake-NoC

Cybersecurity veteran to embark on invasion of Ukraine Putin Russia have cyber offense assumption that Putin stop short reviewing commentary from Russian political analysts and cyber analysts and Putin made it clear that Putin said Russia will respond immediately is fair game for cyberattack


Question: Alspach '22

Securitizing against cyber threats is good – the US has empirically underestimated Russia’s cyber aggression which has caused further escalation.

Alspach, '22 – Kyle Alspach ( @KyleAlspach) is a senior reporter at Protocol, focused on cybersecurity  (Kyle Alspach; "‘Reckless cowboy’: U.S. may underestimate Putin’s cyber strategy"; VentureBeat; https://venturebeat.com/2022/02/25/reckless-cowboy-u-s-may-underestimate-putins-cyber-strategy/; 2-25-2022, Accessed 7-7-2022)//ILake-NoC

Cybersecurity veteran to embark on invasion of Ukraine Putin Russia have cyber offense assumption that Putin stop short reviewing commentary from Russian political analysts and cyber analysts and Putin made it clear that Putin said Russia will respond immediately is fair game for cyberattack


Question: US underestimates Russia cyber aggression

Securitizing against cyber threats is good – the US has empirically underestimated Russia’s cyber aggression which has caused further escalation.

Alspach, '22 – Kyle Alspach ( @KyleAlspach) is a senior reporter at Protocol, focused on cybersecurity  (Kyle Alspach; "‘Reckless cowboy’: U.S. may underestimate Putin’s cyber strategy"; VentureBeat; https://venturebeat.com/2022/02/25/reckless-cowboy-u-s-may-underestimate-putins-cyber-strategy/; 2-25-2022, Accessed 7-7-2022)//ILake-NoC

Cybersecurity veteran to embark on invasion of Ukraine Putin Russia have cyber offense assumption that Putin stop short reviewing commentary from Russian political analysts and cyber analysts and Putin made it clear that Putin said Russia will respond immediately is fair game for cyberattack


Question: Kyle Alspach cybersecurity

Securitizing against cyber threats is good – the US has empirically underestimated Russia’s cyber aggression which has caused further escalation.

Alspach, '22 – Kyle Alspach ( @KyleAlspach) is a senior reporter at Protocol, focused on cybersecurity  (Kyle Alspach; "‘Reckless cowboy’: U.S. may underestimate Putin’s cyber strategy"; VentureBeat; https://venturebeat.com/2022/02/25/reckless-cowboy-u-s-may-underestimate-putins-cyber-strategy/; 2-25-2022, Accessed 7-7-2022)//ILake-NoC

Cybersecurity veteran to embark on invasion of Ukraine Putin Russia have cyber offense assumption that Putin stop short reviewing commentary from Russian political analysts and cyber analysts and Putin made it clear that Putin said Russia will respond immediately is fair game for cyberattack


Question: Putin cyber strategy underestimated

Securitizing against cyber threats is good – the US has empirically underestimated Russia’s cyber aggression which has caused further escalation.

Alspach, '22 – Kyle Alspach ( @KyleAlspach) is a senior reporter at Protocol, focused on cybersecurity  (Kyle Alspach; "‘Reckless cowboy’: U.S. may underestimate Putin’s cyber strategy"; VentureBeat; https://venturebeat.com/2022/02/25/reckless-cowboy-u-s-may-underestimate-putins-cyber-strategy/; 2-25-2022, Accessed 7-7-2022)//ILake-NoC

Cybersecurity veteran to embark on invasion of Ukraine Putin Russia have cyber offense assumption that Putin stop short reviewing commentary from Russian political analysts and cyber analysts and Putin made it clear that Putin said Russia will respond immediately is fair game for cyberattack


Question: Russia will respond immediately

Securitizing against cyber threats is good – the US has empirically underestimated Russia’s cyber aggression which has caused further escalation.

Alspach, '22 – Kyle Alspach ( @KyleAlspach) is a senior reporter at Protocol, focused on cybersecurity  (Kyle Alspach; "‘Reckless cowboy’: U.S. may underestimate Putin’s cyber strategy"; VentureBeat; https://venturebeat.com/2022/02/25/reckless-cowboy-u-s-may-underestimate-putins-cyber-strategy/; 2-25-2022, Accessed 7-7-2022)//ILake-NoC

Cybersecurity veteran to embark on invasion of Ukraine Putin Russia have cyber offense assumption that Putin stop short reviewing commentary from Russian political analysts and cyber analysts and Putin made it clear that Putin said Russia will respond immediately is fair game for cyberattack


Question: US underestimates Putin cyber strategy

Securitizing against cyber threats is good – the US has empirically underestimated Russia’s cyber aggression which has caused further escalation.

Alspach, '22 – Kyle Alspach ( @KyleAlspach) is a senior reporter at Protocol, focused on cybersecurity  (Kyle Alspach; "‘Reckless cowboy’: U.S. may underestimate Putin’s cyber strategy"; VentureBeat; https://venturebeat.com/2022/02/25/reckless-cowboy-u-s-may-underestimate-putins-cyber-strategy/; 2-25-2022, Accessed 7-7-2022)//ILake-NoC

Cybersecurity veteran to embark on invasion of Ukraine Putin Russia have cyber offense assumption that Putin stop short reviewing commentary from Russian political analysts and cyber analysts and Putin made it clear that Putin said Russia will respond immediately is fair game for cyberattack