Question: cyber off-ramps

No cyber impact---experimental studies

Jensen 24, *PhD, Professor of Strategic Studies @ Marine Corps University. **PhD, Assistant Professor @ Seton Hall University, School of Diplomacy. ***PhD, Associate Professor of Political Science @ High Point University. (*Benjamin, **Brandon Valeriano, ***Sam Whitt, “How cyber operations can reduce escalation pressures: Evidence from an experimental wargame study,” Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 61(1), p. 119-120, https://doi.org/10.1177/00223433231219440)

India and Pakistan exchanged fire Despite militarized escalation alongside prior exchanges there were no large cyber actions the U S opted for cyber attacks against Iran in lieu of strikes After observing 400 crisis responses via a wargame experiment cyber op s do not escalate disputes cyber responses increase the range of options and provide additional bargaining space creating off-ramps and alternatives to military force


Question: cyber reduce escalation pressures

No cyber impact---experimental studies

Jensen 24, *PhD, Professor of Strategic Studies @ Marine Corps University. **PhD, Assistant Professor @ Seton Hall University, School of Diplomacy. ***PhD, Associate Professor of Political Science @ High Point University. (*Benjamin, **Brandon Valeriano, ***Sam Whitt, “How cyber operations can reduce escalation pressures: Evidence from an experimental wargame study,” Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 61(1), p. 119-120, https://doi.org/10.1177/00223433231219440)

India and Pakistan exchanged fire Despite militarized escalation alongside prior exchanges there were no large cyber actions the U S opted for cyber attacks against Iran in lieu of strikes After observing 400 crisis responses via a wargame experiment cyber op s do not escalate disputes cyber responses increase the range of options and provide additional bargaining space creating off-ramps and alternatives to military force


Question: wargame cyber operations

No cyber impact---experimental studies

Jensen 24, *PhD, Professor of Strategic Studies @ Marine Corps University. **PhD, Assistant Professor @ Seton Hall University, School of Diplomacy. ***PhD, Associate Professor of Political Science @ High Point University. (*Benjamin, **Brandon Valeriano, ***Sam Whitt, “How cyber operations can reduce escalation pressures: Evidence from an experimental wargame study,” Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 61(1), p. 119-120, https://doi.org/10.1177/00223433231219440)

India and Pakistan exchanged fire Despite militarized escalation alongside prior exchanges there were no large cyber actions the U S opted for cyber attacks against Iran in lieu of strikes After observing 400 crisis responses via a wargame experiment cyber op s do not escalate disputes cyber responses increase the range of options and provide additional bargaining space creating off-ramps and alternatives to military force


Question: cyber attacks bargaining space

No cyber impact---experimental studies

Jensen 24, *PhD, Professor of Strategic Studies @ Marine Corps University. **PhD, Assistant Professor @ Seton Hall University, School of Diplomacy. ***PhD, Associate Professor of Political Science @ High Point University. (*Benjamin, **Brandon Valeriano, ***Sam Whitt, “How cyber operations can reduce escalation pressures: Evidence from an experimental wargame study,” Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 61(1), p. 119-120, https://doi.org/10.1177/00223433231219440)

India and Pakistan exchanged fire Despite militarized escalation alongside prior exchanges there were no large cyber actions the U S opted for cyber attacks against Iran in lieu of strikes After observing 400 crisis responses via a wargame experiment cyber op s do not escalate disputes cyber responses increase the range of options and provide additional bargaining space creating off-ramps and alternatives to military force


Question: campaign effect outweighs polling

The campaign effect outweighs positive polling.

Ioana Marinescu 20. Associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy & Practice, and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, Interview with Andy Stone. "Why Americans Want a Carbon Tax, But Won’t Support One at the Polls." Kleinman Center for Energy Policy. 5-26-2020. https://kleinmanenergy.upenn.edu/podcast/why-americans-want-a-carbon-tax-but-wont-support-one-at-the-polls/

public support can fall when brought directly as a ballot initiative polls nationally say they want the carbon tax the “ campaign effect hearing counter-arguments could have a negative outcome distinction between people say in a survey people come in with intent to support a carbon tax people hear counterarguments by opposition creates a vulnerability going into the election


Question: Ioana Marinescu carbon tax

The campaign effect outweighs positive polling.

Ioana Marinescu 20. Associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy & Practice, and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, Interview with Andy Stone. "Why Americans Want a Carbon Tax, But Won’t Support One at the Polls." Kleinman Center for Energy Policy. 5-26-2020. https://kleinmanenergy.upenn.edu/podcast/why-americans-want-a-carbon-tax-but-wont-support-one-at-the-polls/

public support can fall when brought directly as a ballot initiative polls nationally say they want the carbon tax the “ campaign effect hearing counter-arguments could have a negative outcome distinction between people say in a survey people come in with intent to support a carbon tax people hear counterarguments by opposition creates a vulnerability going into the election


Question: campaign effect

The campaign effect outweighs positive polling.

Ioana Marinescu 20. Associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy & Practice, and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, Interview with Andy Stone. "Why Americans Want a Carbon Tax, But Won’t Support One at the Polls." Kleinman Center for Energy Policy. 5-26-2020. https://kleinmanenergy.upenn.edu/podcast/why-americans-want-a-carbon-tax-but-wont-support-one-at-the-polls/

public support can fall when brought directly as a ballot initiative polls nationally say they want the carbon tax the “ campaign effect hearing counter-arguments could have a negative outcome distinction between people say in a survey people come in with intent to support a carbon tax people hear counterarguments by opposition creates a vulnerability going into the election


Question: carbon tax support falls

The campaign effect outweighs positive polling.

Ioana Marinescu 20. Associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy & Practice, and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, Interview with Andy Stone. "Why Americans Want a Carbon Tax, But Won’t Support One at the Polls." Kleinman Center for Energy Policy. 5-26-2020. https://kleinmanenergy.upenn.edu/podcast/why-americans-want-a-carbon-tax-but-wont-support-one-at-the-polls/

public support can fall when brought directly as a ballot initiative polls nationally say they want the carbon tax the “ campaign effect hearing counter-arguments could have a negative outcome distinction between people say in a survey people come in with intent to support a carbon tax people hear counterarguments by opposition creates a vulnerability going into the election


Question: hearing counter arguments negative outcome

The campaign effect outweighs positive polling.

Ioana Marinescu 20. Associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy & Practice, and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, Interview with Andy Stone. "Why Americans Want a Carbon Tax, But Won’t Support One at the Polls." Kleinman Center for Energy Policy. 5-26-2020. https://kleinmanenergy.upenn.edu/podcast/why-americans-want-a-carbon-tax-but-wont-support-one-at-the-polls/

public support can fall when brought directly as a ballot initiative polls nationally say they want the carbon tax the “ campaign effect hearing counter-arguments could have a negative outcome distinction between people say in a survey people come in with intent to support a carbon tax people hear counterarguments by opposition creates a vulnerability going into the election


Question: Americans want carbon tax

The campaign effect outweighs positive polling.

Ioana Marinescu 20. Associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy & Practice, and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, Interview with Andy Stone. "Why Americans Want a Carbon Tax, But Won’t Support One at the Polls." Kleinman Center for Energy Policy. 5-26-2020. https://kleinmanenergy.upenn.edu/podcast/why-americans-want-a-carbon-tax-but-wont-support-one-at-the-polls/

public support can fall when brought directly as a ballot initiative polls nationally say they want the carbon tax the “ campaign effect hearing counter-arguments could have a negative outcome distinction between people say in a survey people come in with intent to support a carbon tax people hear counterarguments by opposition creates a vulnerability going into the election


Question: carbon tax ballot initiative

The campaign effect outweighs positive polling.

Ioana Marinescu 20. Associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy & Practice, and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, Interview with Andy Stone. "Why Americans Want a Carbon Tax, But Won’t Support One at the Polls." Kleinman Center for Energy Policy. 5-26-2020. https://kleinmanenergy.upenn.edu/podcast/why-americans-want-a-carbon-tax-but-wont-support-one-at-the-polls/

public support can fall when brought directly as a ballot initiative polls nationally say they want the carbon tax the “ campaign effect hearing counter-arguments could have a negative outcome distinction between people say in a survey people come in with intent to support a carbon tax people hear counterarguments by opposition creates a vulnerability going into the election


Question: Market inalienability

[2] Market inalienability---commodifying the environment disrespects its intrinsic value.

Page ’11 [Edward; Professor of Politics and International Studies, Warwick University; 2011; International Theory; Cosmopolitanism, climate change, and greenhouse emissions trading; DOI: 10.1017/S1752971910000333; DOA: 6-25-2024; Archan Sen]

emissions trading precludes appreciating value of the atmosphere as intrinsically valuable ‘ market inalienability ’ is a direct application of Kant’s claim what has price is such that something can be put as its equivalent that which is elevated above all price has a dignity buying and selling emissions attaches a price to something that is not fungible with goods that share a similar market value . To treat these as equivalent would be to disrespect their intrinsic value


Question: Page 11

[2] Market inalienability---commodifying the environment disrespects its intrinsic value.

Page ’11 [Edward; Professor of Politics and International Studies, Warwick University; 2011; International Theory; Cosmopolitanism, climate change, and greenhouse emissions trading; DOI: 10.1017/S1752971910000333; DOA: 6-25-2024; Archan Sen]

emissions trading precludes appreciating value of the atmosphere as intrinsically valuable ‘ market inalienability ’ is a direct application of Kant’s claim what has price is such that something can be put as its equivalent that which is elevated above all price has a dignity buying and selling emissions attaches a price to something that is not fungible with goods that share a similar market value . To treat these as equivalent would be to disrespect their intrinsic value


Question: Emissions trading disrespects intrinsic value

[2] Market inalienability---commodifying the environment disrespects its intrinsic value.

Page ’11 [Edward; Professor of Politics and International Studies, Warwick University; 2011; International Theory; Cosmopolitanism, climate change, and greenhouse emissions trading; DOI: 10.1017/S1752971910000333; DOA: 6-25-2024; Archan Sen]

emissions trading precludes appreciating value of the atmosphere as intrinsically valuable ‘ market inalienability ’ is a direct application of Kant’s claim what has price is such that something can be put as its equivalent that which is elevated above all price has a dignity buying and selling emissions attaches a price to something that is not fungible with goods that share a similar market value . To treat these as equivalent would be to disrespect their intrinsic value


Question: commodifying the environment

[2] Market inalienability---commodifying the environment disrespects its intrinsic value.

Page ’11 [Edward; Professor of Politics and International Studies, Warwick University; 2011; International Theory; Cosmopolitanism, climate change, and greenhouse emissions trading; DOI: 10.1017/S1752971910000333; DOA: 6-25-2024; Archan Sen]

emissions trading precludes appreciating value of the atmosphere as intrinsically valuable ‘ market inalienability ’ is a direct application of Kant’s claim what has price is such that something can be put as its equivalent that which is elevated above all price has a dignity buying and selling emissions attaches a price to something that is not fungible with goods that share a similar market value . To treat these as equivalent would be to disrespect their intrinsic value


Question: Kant market inalienability

[2] Market inalienability---commodifying the environment disrespects its intrinsic value.

Page ’11 [Edward; Professor of Politics and International Studies, Warwick University; 2011; International Theory; Cosmopolitanism, climate change, and greenhouse emissions trading; DOI: 10.1017/S1752971910000333; DOA: 6-25-2024; Archan Sen]

emissions trading precludes appreciating value of the atmosphere as intrinsically valuable ‘ market inalienability ’ is a direct application of Kant’s claim what has price is such that something can be put as its equivalent that which is elevated above all price has a dignity buying and selling emissions attaches a price to something that is not fungible with goods that share a similar market value . To treat these as equivalent would be to disrespect their intrinsic value


Question: market inalienability disrespect intrinsic value

[2] Market inalienability---commodifying the environment disrespects its intrinsic value.

Page ’11 [Edward; Professor of Politics and International Studies, Warwick University; 2011; International Theory; Cosmopolitanism, climate change, and greenhouse emissions trading; DOI: 10.1017/S1752971910000333; DOA: 6-25-2024; Archan Sen]

emissions trading precludes appreciating value of the atmosphere as intrinsically valuable ‘ market inalienability ’ is a direct application of Kant’s claim what has price is such that something can be put as its equivalent that which is elevated above all price has a dignity buying and selling emissions attaches a price to something that is not fungible with goods that share a similar market value . To treat these as equivalent would be to disrespect their intrinsic value


Question: intrinsic value climate change

[2] Market inalienability---commodifying the environment disrespects its intrinsic value.

Page ’11 [Edward; Professor of Politics and International Studies, Warwick University; 2011; International Theory; Cosmopolitanism, climate change, and greenhouse emissions trading; DOI: 10.1017/S1752971910000333; DOA: 6-25-2024; Archan Sen]

emissions trading precludes appreciating value of the atmosphere as intrinsically valuable ‘ market inalienability ’ is a direct application of Kant’s claim what has price is such that something can be put as its equivalent that which is elevated above all price has a dignity buying and selling emissions attaches a price to something that is not fungible with goods that share a similar market value . To treat these as equivalent would be to disrespect their intrinsic value


Question: Economic decline doesn't cause war

Economic decline doesn’t cause war.

Walt ’20 [Stephen; 5/13/20; Professor of International Relations at Harvard University; " Will a Global Depression Trigger Another World War?" https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/13/coronavirus-pandemic-depression-economy-world-war/]

I do not think econ impact war if depressions cause war, the re would be more U S suffered 40 yet 20 wars , most unrelated to econ national leaders avoid war when and uncertain No matter condition leaders will not war unless quickly , cheaply , and with success motivation for is security, not gain “every war started as preventive not conquest depression are one factor among many rarely significant economy is not likely to affect probability


Question: Walt 2020

Economic decline doesn’t cause war.

Walt ’20 [Stephen; 5/13/20; Professor of International Relations at Harvard University; " Will a Global Depression Trigger Another World War?" https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/13/coronavirus-pandemic-depression-economy-world-war/]

I do not think econ impact war if depressions cause war, the re would be more U S suffered 40 yet 20 wars , most unrelated to econ national leaders avoid war when and uncertain No matter condition leaders will not war unless quickly , cheaply , and with success motivation for is security, not gain “every war started as preventive not conquest depression are one factor among many rarely significant economy is not likely to affect probability


Question: Stephen Walt

Economic decline doesn’t cause war.

Walt ’20 [Stephen; 5/13/20; Professor of International Relations at Harvard University; " Will a Global Depression Trigger Another World War?" https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/13/coronavirus-pandemic-depression-economy-world-war/]

I do not think econ impact war if depressions cause war, the re would be more U S suffered 40 yet 20 wars , most unrelated to econ national leaders avoid war when and uncertain No matter condition leaders will not war unless quickly , cheaply , and with success motivation for is security, not gain “every war started as preventive not conquest depression are one factor among many rarely significant economy is not likely to affect probability


Question: Depressions and war

Economic decline doesn’t cause war.

Walt ’20 [Stephen; 5/13/20; Professor of International Relations at Harvard University; " Will a Global Depression Trigger Another World War?" https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/13/coronavirus-pandemic-depression-economy-world-war/]

I do not think econ impact war if depressions cause war, the re would be more U S suffered 40 yet 20 wars , most unrelated to econ national leaders avoid war when and uncertain No matter condition leaders will not war unless quickly , cheaply , and with success motivation for is security, not gain “every war started as preventive not conquest depression are one factor among many rarely significant economy is not likely to affect probability


Question: Leaders avoid war

Economic decline doesn’t cause war.

Walt ’20 [Stephen; 5/13/20; Professor of International Relations at Harvard University; " Will a Global Depression Trigger Another World War?" https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/13/coronavirus-pandemic-depression-economy-world-war/]

I do not think econ impact war if depressions cause war, the re would be more U S suffered 40 yet 20 wars , most unrelated to econ national leaders avoid war when and uncertain No matter condition leaders will not war unless quickly , cheaply , and with success motivation for is security, not gain “every war started as preventive not conquest depression are one factor among many rarely significant economy is not likely to affect probability


Question: econ impact war

Economic decline doesn’t cause war.

Walt ’20 [Stephen; 5/13/20; Professor of International Relations at Harvard University; " Will a Global Depression Trigger Another World War?" https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/13/coronavirus-pandemic-depression-economy-world-war/]

I do not think econ impact war if depressions cause war, the re would be more U S suffered 40 yet 20 wars , most unrelated to econ national leaders avoid war when and uncertain No matter condition leaders will not war unless quickly , cheaply , and with success motivation for is security, not gain “every war started as preventive not conquest depression are one factor among many rarely significant economy is not likely to affect probability


Question: economy not affect probability

Economic decline doesn’t cause war.

Walt ’20 [Stephen; 5/13/20; Professor of International Relations at Harvard University; " Will a Global Depression Trigger Another World War?" https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/13/coronavirus-pandemic-depression-economy-world-war/]

I do not think econ impact war if depressions cause war, the re would be more U S suffered 40 yet 20 wars , most unrelated to econ national leaders avoid war when and uncertain No matter condition leaders will not war unless quickly , cheaply , and with success motivation for is security, not gain “every war started as preventive not conquest depression are one factor among many rarely significant economy is not likely to affect probability


Question: All major global banks diversifying

All major global banks are diversifying.

Sarah LIGHT Legal Studies & Business Ethics @ Wharton AND Christina SKINNER Legal Studies & Business Ethics @ Wharton ’21 BANKS AND CLIMATE GOVERNANCE 121 COLUM. L. REV. 1895 p. 1936-1937

many institutions have adopted Equator Principles a risk management framework to address environmental impact 118 institutions in thirty-seven countries most large , internationally active banks examine their portfolio and decline certain projects  or engage in mitigation


Question: Sarah Light and Christina Skinner

All major global banks are diversifying.

Sarah LIGHT Legal Studies & Business Ethics @ Wharton AND Christina SKINNER Legal Studies & Business Ethics @ Wharton ’21 BANKS AND CLIMATE GOVERNANCE 121 COLUM. L. REV. 1895 p. 1936-1937

many institutions have adopted Equator Principles a risk management framework to address environmental impact 118 institutions in thirty-seven countries most large , internationally active banks examine their portfolio and decline certain projects  or engage in mitigation


Question: Equator Principles environmental impact

All major global banks are diversifying.

Sarah LIGHT Legal Studies & Business Ethics @ Wharton AND Christina SKINNER Legal Studies & Business Ethics @ Wharton ’21 BANKS AND CLIMATE GOVERNANCE 121 COLUM. L. REV. 1895 p. 1936-1937

many institutions have adopted Equator Principles a risk management framework to address environmental impact 118 institutions in thirty-seven countries most large , internationally active banks examine their portfolio and decline certain projects  or engage in mitigation


Question: banks decline certain projects

All major global banks are diversifying.

Sarah LIGHT Legal Studies & Business Ethics @ Wharton AND Christina SKINNER Legal Studies & Business Ethics @ Wharton ’21 BANKS AND CLIMATE GOVERNANCE 121 COLUM. L. REV. 1895 p. 1936-1937

many institutions have adopted Equator Principles a risk management framework to address environmental impact 118 institutions in thirty-seven countries most large , internationally active banks examine their portfolio and decline certain projects  or engage in mitigation


Question: banks risk management framework

All major global banks are diversifying.

Sarah LIGHT Legal Studies & Business Ethics @ Wharton AND Christina SKINNER Legal Studies & Business Ethics @ Wharton ’21 BANKS AND CLIMATE GOVERNANCE 121 COLUM. L. REV. 1895 p. 1936-1937

many institutions have adopted Equator Principles a risk management framework to address environmental impact 118 institutions in thirty-seven countries most large , internationally active banks examine their portfolio and decline certain projects  or engage in mitigation


Question: banks and climate governance

All major global banks are diversifying.

Sarah LIGHT Legal Studies & Business Ethics @ Wharton AND Christina SKINNER Legal Studies & Business Ethics @ Wharton ’21 BANKS AND CLIMATE GOVERNANCE 121 COLUM. L. REV. 1895 p. 1936-1937

many institutions have adopted Equator Principles a risk management framework to address environmental impact 118 institutions in thirty-seven countries most large , internationally active banks examine their portfolio and decline certain projects  or engage in mitigation


Question: policies are decisions made on behalf

3—Adopted policies can be decisions made on behalf of policymakers—trump’s support obviously meets that.

11th Circuit 08 – (Decision per curiam; Wakefield v. City of Pembroke Pines, United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit, March 17, 2008, 269 Fed.Appx. 936, 2008 WL 698931, “Wakefield v. City of Pembroke Pines,” doa: 9-1-2023) Accessed through westlaw.

policy a decision officially adopted by official acting on behalf of the municipality .


Question: 11th circuit 08

3—Adopted policies can be decisions made on behalf of policymakers—trump’s support obviously meets that.

11th Circuit 08 – (Decision per curiam; Wakefield v. City of Pembroke Pines, United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit, March 17, 2008, 269 Fed.Appx. 936, 2008 WL 698931, “Wakefield v. City of Pembroke Pines,” doa: 9-1-2023) Accessed through westlaw.

policy a decision officially adopted by official acting on behalf of the municipality .


Question: Wakefield v. City of Pembroke

3—Adopted policies can be decisions made on behalf of policymakers—trump’s support obviously meets that.

11th Circuit 08 – (Decision per curiam; Wakefield v. City of Pembroke Pines, United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit, March 17, 2008, 269 Fed.Appx. 936, 2008 WL 698931, “Wakefield v. City of Pembroke Pines,” doa: 9-1-2023) Accessed through westlaw.

policy a decision officially adopted by official acting on behalf of the municipality .


Question: policies adopted on behalf of municipality

3—Adopted policies can be decisions made on behalf of policymakers—trump’s support obviously meets that.

11th Circuit 08 – (Decision per curiam; Wakefield v. City of Pembroke Pines, United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit, March 17, 2008, 269 Fed.Appx. 936, 2008 WL 698931, “Wakefield v. City of Pembroke Pines,” doa: 9-1-2023) Accessed through westlaw.

policy a decision officially adopted by official acting on behalf of the municipality .


Question: CEP reduce consumption

A CEP can just reduce consumption.

Sakata* et al 13, *Todai Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo. (Ichiro*, Hajime Sasaki**, Hiroko Nakamura***,  and Yuya Kajikawa****, March 31, 2013, "Maps of International Research Collaboration in Clean Energy." Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 7, no. 3: 480, https://researchmap.jp/hajime.sasaki/published_papers/14716249/attachment_file.pdf)

clean energy” is used to mean environmentally friendly energy technologies. It includes renewable energy more efficient and effective use of existing energy conservation and demand response, and related tech


Question: Sakata 13

A CEP can just reduce consumption.

Sakata* et al 13, *Todai Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo. (Ichiro*, Hajime Sasaki**, Hiroko Nakamura***,  and Yuya Kajikawa****, March 31, 2013, "Maps of International Research Collaboration in Clean Energy." Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 7, no. 3: 480, https://researchmap.jp/hajime.sasaki/published_papers/14716249/attachment_file.pdf)

clean energy” is used to mean environmentally friendly energy technologies. It includes renewable energy more efficient and effective use of existing energy conservation and demand response, and related tech


Question: clean energy definition

A CEP can just reduce consumption.

Sakata* et al 13, *Todai Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo. (Ichiro*, Hajime Sasaki**, Hiroko Nakamura***,  and Yuya Kajikawa****, March 31, 2013, "Maps of International Research Collaboration in Clean Energy." Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 7, no. 3: 480, https://researchmap.jp/hajime.sasaki/published_papers/14716249/attachment_file.pdf)

clean energy” is used to mean environmentally friendly energy technologies. It includes renewable energy more efficient and effective use of existing energy conservation and demand response, and related tech


Question: clean energy consumption reduction

A CEP can just reduce consumption.

Sakata* et al 13, *Todai Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo. (Ichiro*, Hajime Sasaki**, Hiroko Nakamura***,  and Yuya Kajikawa****, March 31, 2013, "Maps of International Research Collaboration in Clean Energy." Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 7, no. 3: 480, https://researchmap.jp/hajime.sasaki/published_papers/14716249/attachment_file.pdf)

clean energy” is used to mean environmentally friendly energy technologies. It includes renewable energy more efficient and effective use of existing energy conservation and demand response, and related tech


Question: renewable energy definition

A CEP can just reduce consumption.

Sakata* et al 13, *Todai Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo. (Ichiro*, Hajime Sasaki**, Hiroko Nakamura***,  and Yuya Kajikawa****, March 31, 2013, "Maps of International Research Collaboration in Clean Energy." Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 7, no. 3: 480, https://researchmap.jp/hajime.sasaki/published_papers/14716249/attachment_file.pdf)

clean energy” is used to mean environmentally friendly energy technologies. It includes renewable energy more efficient and effective use of existing energy conservation and demand response, and related tech


Question: environmentally friendly energy technologies

A CEP can just reduce consumption.

Sakata* et al 13, *Todai Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo. (Ichiro*, Hajime Sasaki**, Hiroko Nakamura***,  and Yuya Kajikawa****, March 31, 2013, "Maps of International Research Collaboration in Clean Energy." Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 7, no. 3: 480, https://researchmap.jp/hajime.sasaki/published_papers/14716249/attachment_file.pdf)

clean energy” is used to mean environmentally friendly energy technologies. It includes renewable energy more efficient and effective use of existing energy conservation and demand response, and related tech


Question: US public lands biodiversity

US public lands are key to global biodiversity.

Raus 19, B.A., Journalism, Pontifical Catholic University, M.A., Liberal Arts, Johns Hopkins University, Digital Content Producer, Energy & Climate. (Carla, August 26th, “How do we tackle climate change? Look no further than public lands”, The Wilderness Society, https://www.wilderness.org/articles/blog/how-do-we-tackle-climate-change-look-no-further-public-lands)

Land all over world degrading pushing important systems past capacity to adapt threatening Earth’s biod lands powerful asset don’t mean faraway lands public lands important as the world searches for solutions play a vital role essential to help species being hit the hardest moose bears and birds adapt to new reality susceptible to fires and weather resistance provides clues about what it takes to survive help preserve important plants and species one of the world’s great centers of biod over 10,000 species spans ten million acres vast landscape allows species to find safe refuge


Question: Raus 19

US public lands are key to global biodiversity.

Raus 19, B.A., Journalism, Pontifical Catholic University, M.A., Liberal Arts, Johns Hopkins University, Digital Content Producer, Energy & Climate. (Carla, August 26th, “How do we tackle climate change? Look no further than public lands”, The Wilderness Society, https://www.wilderness.org/articles/blog/how-do-we-tackle-climate-change-look-no-further-public-lands)

Land all over world degrading pushing important systems past capacity to adapt threatening Earth’s biod lands powerful asset don’t mean faraway lands public lands important as the world searches for solutions play a vital role essential to help species being hit the hardest moose bears and birds adapt to new reality susceptible to fires and weather resistance provides clues about what it takes to survive help preserve important plants and species one of the world’s great centers of biod over 10,000 species spans ten million acres vast landscape allows species to find safe refuge


Question: Carla Raus wilderness society

US public lands are key to global biodiversity.

Raus 19, B.A., Journalism, Pontifical Catholic University, M.A., Liberal Arts, Johns Hopkins University, Digital Content Producer, Energy & Climate. (Carla, August 26th, “How do we tackle climate change? Look no further than public lands”, The Wilderness Society, https://www.wilderness.org/articles/blog/how-do-we-tackle-climate-change-look-no-further-public-lands)

Land all over world degrading pushing important systems past capacity to adapt threatening Earth’s biod lands powerful asset don’t mean faraway lands public lands important as the world searches for solutions play a vital role essential to help species being hit the hardest moose bears and birds adapt to new reality susceptible to fires and weather resistance provides clues about what it takes to survive help preserve important plants and species one of the world’s great centers of biod over 10,000 species spans ten million acres vast landscape allows species to find safe refuge


Question: public lands biodiversity

US public lands are key to global biodiversity.

Raus 19, B.A., Journalism, Pontifical Catholic University, M.A., Liberal Arts, Johns Hopkins University, Digital Content Producer, Energy & Climate. (Carla, August 26th, “How do we tackle climate change? Look no further than public lands”, The Wilderness Society, https://www.wilderness.org/articles/blog/how-do-we-tackle-climate-change-look-no-further-public-lands)

Land all over world degrading pushing important systems past capacity to adapt threatening Earth’s biod lands powerful asset don’t mean faraway lands public lands important as the world searches for solutions play a vital role essential to help species being hit the hardest moose bears and birds adapt to new reality susceptible to fires and weather resistance provides clues about what it takes to survive help preserve important plants and species one of the world’s great centers of biod over 10,000 species spans ten million acres vast landscape allows species to find safe refuge


Question: US lands preserve plants and species

US public lands are key to global biodiversity.

Raus 19, B.A., Journalism, Pontifical Catholic University, M.A., Liberal Arts, Johns Hopkins University, Digital Content Producer, Energy & Climate. (Carla, August 26th, “How do we tackle climate change? Look no further than public lands”, The Wilderness Society, https://www.wilderness.org/articles/blog/how-do-we-tackle-climate-change-look-no-further-public-lands)

Land all over world degrading pushing important systems past capacity to adapt threatening Earth’s biod lands powerful asset don’t mean faraway lands public lands important as the world searches for solutions play a vital role essential to help species being hit the hardest moose bears and birds adapt to new reality susceptible to fires and weather resistance provides clues about what it takes to survive help preserve important plants and species one of the world’s great centers of biod over 10,000 species spans ten million acres vast landscape allows species to find safe refuge


Question: public lands climate change solutions

US public lands are key to global biodiversity.

Raus 19, B.A., Journalism, Pontifical Catholic University, M.A., Liberal Arts, Johns Hopkins University, Digital Content Producer, Energy & Climate. (Carla, August 26th, “How do we tackle climate change? Look no further than public lands”, The Wilderness Society, https://www.wilderness.org/articles/blog/how-do-we-tackle-climate-change-look-no-further-public-lands)

Land all over world degrading pushing important systems past capacity to adapt threatening Earth’s biod lands powerful asset don’t mean faraway lands public lands important as the world searches for solutions play a vital role essential to help species being hit the hardest moose bears and birds adapt to new reality susceptible to fires and weather resistance provides clues about what it takes to survive help preserve important plants and species one of the world’s great centers of biod over 10,000 species spans ten million acres vast landscape allows species to find safe refuge


Question: land degradation

US public lands are key to global biodiversity.

Raus 19, B.A., Journalism, Pontifical Catholic University, M.A., Liberal Arts, Johns Hopkins University, Digital Content Producer, Energy & Climate. (Carla, August 26th, “How do we tackle climate change? Look no further than public lands”, The Wilderness Society, https://www.wilderness.org/articles/blog/how-do-we-tackle-climate-change-look-no-further-public-lands)

Land all over world degrading pushing important systems past capacity to adapt threatening Earth’s biod lands powerful asset don’t mean faraway lands public lands important as the world searches for solutions play a vital role essential to help species being hit the hardest moose bears and birds adapt to new reality susceptible to fires and weather resistance provides clues about what it takes to survive help preserve important plants and species one of the world’s great centers of biod over 10,000 species spans ten million acres vast landscape allows species to find safe refuge


Question: StrongBlackWoman justifying rhetoric

The StrongBlackWoman operates as a justifying rhetoric and grammar used to shame and coerce Black women into operating as Captive Maternals, we sustain the world social order as captive maternals and our bodies and spirits are destroyed. If the environment doesn’t kill us first the SBW schema will!!!!

Chanequa Walker-Barnes 14. American theologian and psychologist. Her research as a womanist clinical psychologist has focused on African American health disparities. Too Heavy a Yoke: Black Women and the Burden of Strength. 1-5 [yo]

a strong Black Woman was not working for me I was in a state of crisis: high blood pressure, weight gain, chronic self-doubt insomnia, fatigue, headaches, frequent illnesses, low self-esteem I felt alienated, detached, and abandoned. there was no one I could count on no one would take care of me the way I took care of others Over the years my caretaking tendencies expanded to everyone around me I was so accustomed to taking care of others that I felt guilt anytime I did something for my own pleasure or, worst yet, relaxation I was living in a state of self-care neglect Proving myself capable of taking care of everything and everyone in my sphere of existence was, I thought, a rite of passage into full Black womanhood I was finally starting to listen to my body's screams, but the establishment was not. Ask anyone to describe Black women and the most common answer is likely to be strong the manifestation of strength that has become normative for Black women is uniquely racialized and gendered. It is a racialized gender performance, a scripted role into which Black women are socialized it is a mask that stifles authenticity The mythological strength of Black women often mass real vulnerabilities of their lives. Black women are experiencing epidemic rates of medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and HIV/AIDS. And they have higher morbidity and mortality rates women were giving testimonies of suffering crying about being on the verge of a breakdown reinforces the mythology of the StrongBlack Woman by silencing, ignoring, and even romanticizing the suffering of Black women Rather than offering a balm to heal the wounds of Black women If environmental racism is part of racial capitalism, then its reg- ulation becomes the province of the state the state has not seriously sought to intervene in the environmen- tal racism gap the state invested in not solving the environmental racism gap because it would be too costly and disruptive to industry the state has developed numerous initiatives in which it goes through the motions, or, ‘performs’ regulatory activity, especially participation without pro- ducing meaningful change too often the state is seen as an ally, or neutral force. Indeed, even when people lose faith in the state, they often still turn to it because there is no other apparent alternativ EJ movement has become too implicated in the state itself In discourse, explanations for the persistence of petro-capitalism are shallow and simplistic “Big Oil’s” grip over energy policy is strong but elite-centered — explanations do not consider the wider embeddedness of oil-dependent consumption norms norms are the product of legacies of class struggle over the “standard of living” and commonsense ideologies of family, freedom, mobility, and “the American way of life.” under capitalism, the wage is how “life” itself is imagined wage relation is not purely an “economic” process, centrality of oil to the reproduction of the wage makes the “necessity” of cheap oil economic survival for of workers in the United States moving into “postpetroleum” age has less to do with “technical fixes” as with the capitalist sociospatial organization of life itself. Moving beyond oil is not simply a material problem but requires total reconfiguration of cultural expectations and norms around ideas of space, energy, and freedom a more inclusive postpetroleum politics must confront inequalities of petro-capitalism that allow for both unequal exposure to petro-toxins and the continued reliance on petroleum products for the majority of working Americans.


Question: Walker-Barnes 14

The StrongBlackWoman operates as a justifying rhetoric and grammar used to shame and coerce Black women into operating as Captive Maternals, we sustain the world social order as captive maternals and our bodies and spirits are destroyed. If the environment doesn’t kill us first the SBW schema will!!!!

Chanequa Walker-Barnes 14. American theologian and psychologist. Her research as a womanist clinical psychologist has focused on African American health disparities. Too Heavy a Yoke: Black Women and the Burden of Strength. 1-5 [yo]

a strong Black Woman was not working for me I was in a state of crisis: high blood pressure, weight gain, chronic self-doubt insomnia, fatigue, headaches, frequent illnesses, low self-esteem I felt alienated, detached, and abandoned. there was no one I could count on no one would take care of me the way I took care of others Over the years my caretaking tendencies expanded to everyone around me I was so accustomed to taking care of others that I felt guilt anytime I did something for my own pleasure or, worst yet, relaxation I was living in a state of self-care neglect Proving myself capable of taking care of everything and everyone in my sphere of existence was, I thought, a rite of passage into full Black womanhood I was finally starting to listen to my body's screams, but the establishment was not. Ask anyone to describe Black women and the most common answer is likely to be strong the manifestation of strength that has become normative for Black women is uniquely racialized and gendered. It is a racialized gender performance, a scripted role into which Black women are socialized it is a mask that stifles authenticity The mythological strength of Black women often mass real vulnerabilities of their lives. Black women are experiencing epidemic rates of medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and HIV/AIDS. And they have higher morbidity and mortality rates women were giving testimonies of suffering crying about being on the verge of a breakdown reinforces the mythology of the StrongBlack Woman by silencing, ignoring, and even romanticizing the suffering of Black women Rather than offering a balm to heal the wounds of Black women If environmental racism is part of racial capitalism, then its reg- ulation becomes the province of the state the state has not seriously sought to intervene in the environmen- tal racism gap the state invested in not solving the environmental racism gap because it would be too costly and disruptive to industry the state has developed numerous initiatives in which it goes through the motions, or, ‘performs’ regulatory activity, especially participation without pro- ducing meaningful change too often the state is seen as an ally, or neutral force. Indeed, even when people lose faith in the state, they often still turn to it because there is no other apparent alternativ EJ movement has become too implicated in the state itself In discourse, explanations for the persistence of petro-capitalism are shallow and simplistic “Big Oil’s” grip over energy policy is strong but elite-centered — explanations do not consider the wider embeddedness of oil-dependent consumption norms norms are the product of legacies of class struggle over the “standard of living” and commonsense ideologies of family, freedom, mobility, and “the American way of life.” under capitalism, the wage is how “life” itself is imagined wage relation is not purely an “economic” process, centrality of oil to the reproduction of the wage makes the “necessity” of cheap oil economic survival for of workers in the United States moving into “postpetroleum” age has less to do with “technical fixes” as with the capitalist sociospatial organization of life itself. Moving beyond oil is not simply a material problem but requires total reconfiguration of cultural expectations and norms around ideas of space, energy, and freedom a more inclusive postpetroleum politics must confront inequalities of petro-capitalism that allow for both unequal exposure to petro-toxins and the continued reliance on petroleum products for the majority of working Americans.


Question: Chanequa Walker-Barnes

The StrongBlackWoman operates as a justifying rhetoric and grammar used to shame and coerce Black women into operating as Captive Maternals, we sustain the world social order as captive maternals and our bodies and spirits are destroyed. If the environment doesn’t kill us first the SBW schema will!!!!

Chanequa Walker-Barnes 14. American theologian and psychologist. Her research as a womanist clinical psychologist has focused on African American health disparities. Too Heavy a Yoke: Black Women and the Burden of Strength. 1-5 [yo]

a strong Black Woman was not working for me I was in a state of crisis: high blood pressure, weight gain, chronic self-doubt insomnia, fatigue, headaches, frequent illnesses, low self-esteem I felt alienated, detached, and abandoned. there was no one I could count on no one would take care of me the way I took care of others Over the years my caretaking tendencies expanded to everyone around me I was so accustomed to taking care of others that I felt guilt anytime I did something for my own pleasure or, worst yet, relaxation I was living in a state of self-care neglect Proving myself capable of taking care of everything and everyone in my sphere of existence was, I thought, a rite of passage into full Black womanhood I was finally starting to listen to my body's screams, but the establishment was not. Ask anyone to describe Black women and the most common answer is likely to be strong the manifestation of strength that has become normative for Black women is uniquely racialized and gendered. It is a racialized gender performance, a scripted role into which Black women are socialized it is a mask that stifles authenticity The mythological strength of Black women often mass real vulnerabilities of their lives. Black women are experiencing epidemic rates of medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and HIV/AIDS. And they have higher morbidity and mortality rates women were giving testimonies of suffering crying about being on the verge of a breakdown reinforces the mythology of the StrongBlack Woman by silencing, ignoring, and even romanticizing the suffering of Black women Rather than offering a balm to heal the wounds of Black women If environmental racism is part of racial capitalism, then its reg- ulation becomes the province of the state the state has not seriously sought to intervene in the environmen- tal racism gap the state invested in not solving the environmental racism gap because it would be too costly and disruptive to industry the state has developed numerous initiatives in which it goes through the motions, or, ‘performs’ regulatory activity, especially participation without pro- ducing meaningful change too often the state is seen as an ally, or neutral force. Indeed, even when people lose faith in the state, they often still turn to it because there is no other apparent alternativ EJ movement has become too implicated in the state itself In discourse, explanations for the persistence of petro-capitalism are shallow and simplistic “Big Oil’s” grip over energy policy is strong but elite-centered — explanations do not consider the wider embeddedness of oil-dependent consumption norms norms are the product of legacies of class struggle over the “standard of living” and commonsense ideologies of family, freedom, mobility, and “the American way of life.” under capitalism, the wage is how “life” itself is imagined wage relation is not purely an “economic” process, centrality of oil to the reproduction of the wage makes the “necessity” of cheap oil economic survival for of workers in the United States moving into “postpetroleum” age has less to do with “technical fixes” as with the capitalist sociospatial organization of life itself. Moving beyond oil is not simply a material problem but requires total reconfiguration of cultural expectations and norms around ideas of space, energy, and freedom a more inclusive postpetroleum politics must confront inequalities of petro-capitalism that allow for both unequal exposure to petro-toxins and the continued reliance on petroleum products for the majority of working Americans.


Question: StrongBlackWoman operates as Captive Maternals

The StrongBlackWoman operates as a justifying rhetoric and grammar used to shame and coerce Black women into operating as Captive Maternals, we sustain the world social order as captive maternals and our bodies and spirits are destroyed. If the environment doesn’t kill us first the SBW schema will!!!!

Chanequa Walker-Barnes 14. American theologian and psychologist. Her research as a womanist clinical psychologist has focused on African American health disparities. Too Heavy a Yoke: Black Women and the Burden of Strength. 1-5 [yo]

a strong Black Woman was not working for me I was in a state of crisis: high blood pressure, weight gain, chronic self-doubt insomnia, fatigue, headaches, frequent illnesses, low self-esteem I felt alienated, detached, and abandoned. there was no one I could count on no one would take care of me the way I took care of others Over the years my caretaking tendencies expanded to everyone around me I was so accustomed to taking care of others that I felt guilt anytime I did something for my own pleasure or, worst yet, relaxation I was living in a state of self-care neglect Proving myself capable of taking care of everything and everyone in my sphere of existence was, I thought, a rite of passage into full Black womanhood I was finally starting to listen to my body's screams, but the establishment was not. Ask anyone to describe Black women and the most common answer is likely to be strong the manifestation of strength that has become normative for Black women is uniquely racialized and gendered. It is a racialized gender performance, a scripted role into which Black women are socialized it is a mask that stifles authenticity The mythological strength of Black women often mass real vulnerabilities of their lives. Black women are experiencing epidemic rates of medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and HIV/AIDS. And they have higher morbidity and mortality rates women were giving testimonies of suffering crying about being on the verge of a breakdown reinforces the mythology of the StrongBlack Woman by silencing, ignoring, and even romanticizing the suffering of Black women Rather than offering a balm to heal the wounds of Black women If environmental racism is part of racial capitalism, then its reg- ulation becomes the province of the state the state has not seriously sought to intervene in the environmen- tal racism gap the state invested in not solving the environmental racism gap because it would be too costly and disruptive to industry the state has developed numerous initiatives in which it goes through the motions, or, ‘performs’ regulatory activity, especially participation without pro- ducing meaningful change too often the state is seen as an ally, or neutral force. Indeed, even when people lose faith in the state, they often still turn to it because there is no other apparent alternativ EJ movement has become too implicated in the state itself In discourse, explanations for the persistence of petro-capitalism are shallow and simplistic “Big Oil’s” grip over energy policy is strong but elite-centered — explanations do not consider the wider embeddedness of oil-dependent consumption norms norms are the product of legacies of class struggle over the “standard of living” and commonsense ideologies of family, freedom, mobility, and “the American way of life.” under capitalism, the wage is how “life” itself is imagined wage relation is not purely an “economic” process, centrality of oil to the reproduction of the wage makes the “necessity” of cheap oil economic survival for of workers in the United States moving into “postpetroleum” age has less to do with “technical fixes” as with the capitalist sociospatial organization of life itself. Moving beyond oil is not simply a material problem but requires total reconfiguration of cultural expectations and norms around ideas of space, energy, and freedom a more inclusive postpetroleum politics must confront inequalities of petro-capitalism that allow for both unequal exposure to petro-toxins and the continued reliance on petroleum products for the majority of working Americans.


Question: SBW schema destroys bodies and spirits

The StrongBlackWoman operates as a justifying rhetoric and grammar used to shame and coerce Black women into operating as Captive Maternals, we sustain the world social order as captive maternals and our bodies and spirits are destroyed. If the environment doesn’t kill us first the SBW schema will!!!!

Chanequa Walker-Barnes 14. American theologian and psychologist. Her research as a womanist clinical psychologist has focused on African American health disparities. Too Heavy a Yoke: Black Women and the Burden of Strength. 1-5 [yo]

a strong Black Woman was not working for me I was in a state of crisis: high blood pressure, weight gain, chronic self-doubt insomnia, fatigue, headaches, frequent illnesses, low self-esteem I felt alienated, detached, and abandoned. there was no one I could count on no one would take care of me the way I took care of others Over the years my caretaking tendencies expanded to everyone around me I was so accustomed to taking care of others that I felt guilt anytime I did something for my own pleasure or, worst yet, relaxation I was living in a state of self-care neglect Proving myself capable of taking care of everything and everyone in my sphere of existence was, I thought, a rite of passage into full Black womanhood I was finally starting to listen to my body's screams, but the establishment was not. Ask anyone to describe Black women and the most common answer is likely to be strong the manifestation of strength that has become normative for Black women is uniquely racialized and gendered. It is a racialized gender performance, a scripted role into which Black women are socialized it is a mask that stifles authenticity The mythological strength of Black women often mass real vulnerabilities of their lives. Black women are experiencing epidemic rates of medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and HIV/AIDS. And they have higher morbidity and mortality rates women were giving testimonies of suffering crying about being on the verge of a breakdown reinforces the mythology of the StrongBlack Woman by silencing, ignoring, and even romanticizing the suffering of Black women Rather than offering a balm to heal the wounds of Black women If environmental racism is part of racial capitalism, then its reg- ulation becomes the province of the state the state has not seriously sought to intervene in the environmen- tal racism gap the state invested in not solving the environmental racism gap because it would be too costly and disruptive to industry the state has developed numerous initiatives in which it goes through the motions, or, ‘performs’ regulatory activity, especially participation without pro- ducing meaningful change too often the state is seen as an ally, or neutral force. Indeed, even when people lose faith in the state, they often still turn to it because there is no other apparent alternativ EJ movement has become too implicated in the state itself In discourse, explanations for the persistence of petro-capitalism are shallow and simplistic “Big Oil’s” grip over energy policy is strong but elite-centered — explanations do not consider the wider embeddedness of oil-dependent consumption norms norms are the product of legacies of class struggle over the “standard of living” and commonsense ideologies of family, freedom, mobility, and “the American way of life.” under capitalism, the wage is how “life” itself is imagined wage relation is not purely an “economic” process, centrality of oil to the reproduction of the wage makes the “necessity” of cheap oil economic survival for of workers in the United States moving into “postpetroleum” age has less to do with “technical fixes” as with the capitalist sociospatial organization of life itself. Moving beyond oil is not simply a material problem but requires total reconfiguration of cultural expectations and norms around ideas of space, energy, and freedom a more inclusive postpetroleum politics must confront inequalities of petro-capitalism that allow for both unequal exposure to petro-toxins and the continued reliance on petroleum products for the majority of working Americans.


Question: Strong black woman bad

The StrongBlackWoman operates as a justifying rhetoric and grammar used to shame and coerce Black women into operating as Captive Maternals, we sustain the world social order as captive maternals and our bodies and spirits are destroyed. If the environment doesn’t kill us first the SBW schema will!!!!

Chanequa Walker-Barnes 14. American theologian and psychologist. Her research as a womanist clinical psychologist has focused on African American health disparities. Too Heavy a Yoke: Black Women and the Burden of Strength. 1-5 [yo]

a strong Black Woman was not working for me I was in a state of crisis: high blood pressure, weight gain, chronic self-doubt insomnia, fatigue, headaches, frequent illnesses, low self-esteem I felt alienated, detached, and abandoned. there was no one I could count on no one would take care of me the way I took care of others Over the years my caretaking tendencies expanded to everyone around me I was so accustomed to taking care of others that I felt guilt anytime I did something for my own pleasure or, worst yet, relaxation I was living in a state of self-care neglect Proving myself capable of taking care of everything and everyone in my sphere of existence was, I thought, a rite of passage into full Black womanhood I was finally starting to listen to my body's screams, but the establishment was not. Ask anyone to describe Black women and the most common answer is likely to be strong the manifestation of strength that has become normative for Black women is uniquely racialized and gendered. It is a racialized gender performance, a scripted role into which Black women are socialized it is a mask that stifles authenticity The mythological strength of Black women often mass real vulnerabilities of their lives. Black women are experiencing epidemic rates of medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and HIV/AIDS. And they have higher morbidity and mortality rates women were giving testimonies of suffering crying about being on the verge of a breakdown reinforces the mythology of the StrongBlack Woman by silencing, ignoring, and even romanticizing the suffering of Black women Rather than offering a balm to heal the wounds of Black women If environmental racism is part of racial capitalism, then its reg- ulation becomes the province of the state the state has not seriously sought to intervene in the environmen- tal racism gap the state invested in not solving the environmental racism gap because it would be too costly and disruptive to industry the state has developed numerous initiatives in which it goes through the motions, or, ‘performs’ regulatory activity, especially participation without pro- ducing meaningful change too often the state is seen as an ally, or neutral force. Indeed, even when people lose faith in the state, they often still turn to it because there is no other apparent alternativ EJ movement has become too implicated in the state itself In discourse, explanations for the persistence of petro-capitalism are shallow and simplistic “Big Oil’s” grip over energy policy is strong but elite-centered — explanations do not consider the wider embeddedness of oil-dependent consumption norms norms are the product of legacies of class struggle over the “standard of living” and commonsense ideologies of family, freedom, mobility, and “the American way of life.” under capitalism, the wage is how “life” itself is imagined wage relation is not purely an “economic” process, centrality of oil to the reproduction of the wage makes the “necessity” of cheap oil economic survival for of workers in the United States moving into “postpetroleum” age has less to do with “technical fixes” as with the capitalist sociospatial organization of life itself. Moving beyond oil is not simply a material problem but requires total reconfiguration of cultural expectations and norms around ideas of space, energy, and freedom a more inclusive postpetroleum politics must confront inequalities of petro-capitalism that allow for both unequal exposure to petro-toxins and the continued reliance on petroleum products for the majority of working Americans.


Question: StrongBlackWoman and health disparities

The StrongBlackWoman operates as a justifying rhetoric and grammar used to shame and coerce Black women into operating as Captive Maternals, we sustain the world social order as captive maternals and our bodies and spirits are destroyed. If the environment doesn’t kill us first the SBW schema will!!!!

Chanequa Walker-Barnes 14. American theologian and psychologist. Her research as a womanist clinical psychologist has focused on African American health disparities. Too Heavy a Yoke: Black Women and the Burden of Strength. 1-5 [yo]

a strong Black Woman was not working for me I was in a state of crisis: high blood pressure, weight gain, chronic self-doubt insomnia, fatigue, headaches, frequent illnesses, low self-esteem I felt alienated, detached, and abandoned. there was no one I could count on no one would take care of me the way I took care of others Over the years my caretaking tendencies expanded to everyone around me I was so accustomed to taking care of others that I felt guilt anytime I did something for my own pleasure or, worst yet, relaxation I was living in a state of self-care neglect Proving myself capable of taking care of everything and everyone in my sphere of existence was, I thought, a rite of passage into full Black womanhood I was finally starting to listen to my body's screams, but the establishment was not. Ask anyone to describe Black women and the most common answer is likely to be strong the manifestation of strength that has become normative for Black women is uniquely racialized and gendered. It is a racialized gender performance, a scripted role into which Black women are socialized it is a mask that stifles authenticity The mythological strength of Black women often mass real vulnerabilities of their lives. Black women are experiencing epidemic rates of medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and HIV/AIDS. And they have higher morbidity and mortality rates women were giving testimonies of suffering crying about being on the verge of a breakdown reinforces the mythology of the StrongBlack Woman by silencing, ignoring, and even romanticizing the suffering of Black women Rather than offering a balm to heal the wounds of Black women If environmental racism is part of racial capitalism, then its reg- ulation becomes the province of the state the state has not seriously sought to intervene in the environmen- tal racism gap the state invested in not solving the environmental racism gap because it would be too costly and disruptive to industry the state has developed numerous initiatives in which it goes through the motions, or, ‘performs’ regulatory activity, especially participation without pro- ducing meaningful change too often the state is seen as an ally, or neutral force. Indeed, even when people lose faith in the state, they often still turn to it because there is no other apparent alternativ EJ movement has become too implicated in the state itself In discourse, explanations for the persistence of petro-capitalism are shallow and simplistic “Big Oil’s” grip over energy policy is strong but elite-centered — explanations do not consider the wider embeddedness of oil-dependent consumption norms norms are the product of legacies of class struggle over the “standard of living” and commonsense ideologies of family, freedom, mobility, and “the American way of life.” under capitalism, the wage is how “life” itself is imagined wage relation is not purely an “economic” process, centrality of oil to the reproduction of the wage makes the “necessity” of cheap oil economic survival for of workers in the United States moving into “postpetroleum” age has less to do with “technical fixes” as with the capitalist sociospatial organization of life itself. Moving beyond oil is not simply a material problem but requires total reconfiguration of cultural expectations and norms around ideas of space, energy, and freedom a more inclusive postpetroleum politics must confront inequalities of petro-capitalism that allow for both unequal exposure to petro-toxins and the continued reliance on petroleum products for the majority of working Americans.


Question: black women breakdown

The StrongBlackWoman operates as a justifying rhetoric and grammar used to shame and coerce Black women into operating as Captive Maternals, we sustain the world social order as captive maternals and our bodies and spirits are destroyed. If the environment doesn’t kill us first the SBW schema will!!!!

Chanequa Walker-Barnes 14. American theologian and psychologist. Her research as a womanist clinical psychologist has focused on African American health disparities. Too Heavy a Yoke: Black Women and the Burden of Strength. 1-5 [yo]

a strong Black Woman was not working for me I was in a state of crisis: high blood pressure, weight gain, chronic self-doubt insomnia, fatigue, headaches, frequent illnesses, low self-esteem I felt alienated, detached, and abandoned. there was no one I could count on no one would take care of me the way I took care of others Over the years my caretaking tendencies expanded to everyone around me I was so accustomed to taking care of others that I felt guilt anytime I did something for my own pleasure or, worst yet, relaxation I was living in a state of self-care neglect Proving myself capable of taking care of everything and everyone in my sphere of existence was, I thought, a rite of passage into full Black womanhood I was finally starting to listen to my body's screams, but the establishment was not. Ask anyone to describe Black women and the most common answer is likely to be strong the manifestation of strength that has become normative for Black women is uniquely racialized and gendered. It is a racialized gender performance, a scripted role into which Black women are socialized it is a mask that stifles authenticity The mythological strength of Black women often mass real vulnerabilities of their lives. Black women are experiencing epidemic rates of medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and HIV/AIDS. And they have higher morbidity and mortality rates women were giving testimonies of suffering crying about being on the verge of a breakdown reinforces the mythology of the StrongBlack Woman by silencing, ignoring, and even romanticizing the suffering of Black women Rather than offering a balm to heal the wounds of Black women If environmental racism is part of racial capitalism, then its reg- ulation becomes the province of the state the state has not seriously sought to intervene in the environmen- tal racism gap the state invested in not solving the environmental racism gap because it would be too costly and disruptive to industry the state has developed numerous initiatives in which it goes through the motions, or, ‘performs’ regulatory activity, especially participation without pro- ducing meaningful change too often the state is seen as an ally, or neutral force. Indeed, even when people lose faith in the state, they often still turn to it because there is no other apparent alternativ EJ movement has become too implicated in the state itself In discourse, explanations for the persistence of petro-capitalism are shallow and simplistic “Big Oil’s” grip over energy policy is strong but elite-centered — explanations do not consider the wider embeddedness of oil-dependent consumption norms norms are the product of legacies of class struggle over the “standard of living” and commonsense ideologies of family, freedom, mobility, and “the American way of life.” under capitalism, the wage is how “life” itself is imagined wage relation is not purely an “economic” process, centrality of oil to the reproduction of the wage makes the “necessity” of cheap oil economic survival for of workers in the United States moving into “postpetroleum” age has less to do with “technical fixes” as with the capitalist sociospatial organization of life itself. Moving beyond oil is not simply a material problem but requires total reconfiguration of cultural expectations and norms around ideas of space, energy, and freedom a more inclusive postpetroleum politics must confront inequalities of petro-capitalism that allow for both unequal exposure to petro-toxins and the continued reliance on petroleum products for the majority of working Americans.


Question: Time-consistency leads to business as usual

b) Time-consistency. Finding the “right level” of carbon tax fails in face of lobbying---leads to “business-as-usual” that locks in emissions.

Matthias Kalkuhl 20. Professor of Climate Change, Development and Economic Growth at the University of Potsdam; Jan Christoph Steckel, Guest Professor at the University of Gothenburg. Ottmar Edenhofer, Director of the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change. “All or nothing: Climate policy when assets can become stranded.” March 2020. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069618302432#sec3.

lobbying of fossil owners decreases the tax equilibrium switches from zero taxes to prohibitive taxes increases political power of fossil owners When environmental damages are high time-consistent policy is characterized by lower emissions than social optimum imperfect commitment weakens policy business-as-usual becomes likely , which imply higher emissions


Question: Kalkuhl Steckel Edenhofer

b) Time-consistency. Finding the “right level” of carbon tax fails in face of lobbying---leads to “business-as-usual” that locks in emissions.

Matthias Kalkuhl 20. Professor of Climate Change, Development and Economic Growth at the University of Potsdam; Jan Christoph Steckel, Guest Professor at the University of Gothenburg. Ottmar Edenhofer, Director of the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change. “All or nothing: Climate policy when assets can become stranded.” March 2020. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069618302432#sec3.

lobbying of fossil owners decreases the tax equilibrium switches from zero taxes to prohibitive taxes increases political power of fossil owners When environmental damages are high time-consistent policy is characterized by lower emissions than social optimum imperfect commitment weakens policy business-as-usual becomes likely , which imply higher emissions


Question: Matthias Kalkuhl

b) Time-consistency. Finding the “right level” of carbon tax fails in face of lobbying---leads to “business-as-usual” that locks in emissions.

Matthias Kalkuhl 20. Professor of Climate Change, Development and Economic Growth at the University of Potsdam; Jan Christoph Steckel, Guest Professor at the University of Gothenburg. Ottmar Edenhofer, Director of the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change. “All or nothing: Climate policy when assets can become stranded.” March 2020. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069618302432#sec3.

lobbying of fossil owners decreases the tax equilibrium switches from zero taxes to prohibitive taxes increases political power of fossil owners When environmental damages are high time-consistent policy is characterized by lower emissions than social optimum imperfect commitment weakens policy business-as-usual becomes likely , which imply higher emissions


Question: carbon tax failure

b) Time-consistency. Finding the “right level” of carbon tax fails in face of lobbying---leads to “business-as-usual” that locks in emissions.

Matthias Kalkuhl 20. Professor of Climate Change, Development and Economic Growth at the University of Potsdam; Jan Christoph Steckel, Guest Professor at the University of Gothenburg. Ottmar Edenhofer, Director of the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change. “All or nothing: Climate policy when assets can become stranded.” March 2020. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069618302432#sec3.

lobbying of fossil owners decreases the tax equilibrium switches from zero taxes to prohibitive taxes increases political power of fossil owners When environmental damages are high time-consistent policy is characterized by lower emissions than social optimum imperfect commitment weakens policy business-as-usual becomes likely , which imply higher emissions


Question: lobbying locks in emissions

b) Time-consistency. Finding the “right level” of carbon tax fails in face of lobbying---leads to “business-as-usual” that locks in emissions.

Matthias Kalkuhl 20. Professor of Climate Change, Development and Economic Growth at the University of Potsdam; Jan Christoph Steckel, Guest Professor at the University of Gothenburg. Ottmar Edenhofer, Director of the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change. “All or nothing: Climate policy when assets can become stranded.” March 2020. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069618302432#sec3.

lobbying of fossil owners decreases the tax equilibrium switches from zero taxes to prohibitive taxes increases political power of fossil owners When environmental damages are high time-consistent policy is characterized by lower emissions than social optimum imperfect commitment weakens policy business-as-usual becomes likely , which imply higher emissions


Question: fossil fuel owners lobbying

b) Time-consistency. Finding the “right level” of carbon tax fails in face of lobbying---leads to “business-as-usual” that locks in emissions.

Matthias Kalkuhl 20. Professor of Climate Change, Development and Economic Growth at the University of Potsdam; Jan Christoph Steckel, Guest Professor at the University of Gothenburg. Ottmar Edenhofer, Director of the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change. “All or nothing: Climate policy when assets can become stranded.” March 2020. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069618302432#sec3.

lobbying of fossil owners decreases the tax equilibrium switches from zero taxes to prohibitive taxes increases political power of fossil owners When environmental damages are high time-consistent policy is characterized by lower emissions than social optimum imperfect commitment weakens policy business-as-usual becomes likely , which imply higher emissions


Question: time-consistent policy weaker

b) Time-consistency. Finding the “right level” of carbon tax fails in face of lobbying---leads to “business-as-usual” that locks in emissions.

Matthias Kalkuhl 20. Professor of Climate Change, Development and Economic Growth at the University of Potsdam; Jan Christoph Steckel, Guest Professor at the University of Gothenburg. Ottmar Edenhofer, Director of the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change. “All or nothing: Climate policy when assets can become stranded.” March 2020. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069618302432#sec3.

lobbying of fossil owners decreases the tax equilibrium switches from zero taxes to prohibitive taxes increases political power of fossil owners When environmental damages are high time-consistent policy is characterized by lower emissions than social optimum imperfect commitment weakens policy business-as-usual becomes likely , which imply higher emissions


Question: Polls fail battleground states

Polls fail, particularly for battleground states.

Mike Hills and Libby Rogers 9-13-24, BBC news reporters on the Visual Journalism and Data teams, "US election polls 2024: Who is ahead", Bbc News, https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj4x71znwxdo

polls are not accurate in battleground states polls are very tight There are fewer  state polls so we have less data and margin of error polls suggest less than one point separating two candidates in Pennsylvania when the race is that close, it’s hard to predict Polls underestimated Trump adjustments are difficult to get right pollsters still make guesses


Question: Mike Hills and Libby Rogers

Polls fail, particularly for battleground states.

Mike Hills and Libby Rogers 9-13-24, BBC news reporters on the Visual Journalism and Data teams, "US election polls 2024: Who is ahead", Bbc News, https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj4x71znwxdo

polls are not accurate in battleground states polls are very tight There are fewer  state polls so we have less data and margin of error polls suggest less than one point separating two candidates in Pennsylvania when the race is that close, it’s hard to predict Polls underestimated Trump adjustments are difficult to get right pollsters still make guesses


Question: polls are not accurate

Polls fail, particularly for battleground states.

Mike Hills and Libby Rogers 9-13-24, BBC news reporters on the Visual Journalism and Data teams, "US election polls 2024: Who is ahead", Bbc News, https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj4x71znwxdo

polls are not accurate in battleground states polls are very tight There are fewer  state polls so we have less data and margin of error polls suggest less than one point separating two candidates in Pennsylvania when the race is that close, it’s hard to predict Polls underestimated Trump adjustments are difficult to get right pollsters still make guesses


Question: polls underestimated trump

Polls fail, particularly for battleground states.

Mike Hills and Libby Rogers 9-13-24, BBC news reporters on the Visual Journalism and Data teams, "US election polls 2024: Who is ahead", Bbc News, https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj4x71znwxdo

polls are not accurate in battleground states polls are very tight There are fewer  state polls so we have less data and margin of error polls suggest less than one point separating two candidates in Pennsylvania when the race is that close, it’s hard to predict Polls underestimated Trump adjustments are difficult to get right pollsters still make guesses


Question: state polls less data

Polls fail, particularly for battleground states.

Mike Hills and Libby Rogers 9-13-24, BBC news reporters on the Visual Journalism and Data teams, "US election polls 2024: Who is ahead", Bbc News, https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj4x71znwxdo

polls are not accurate in battleground states polls are very tight There are fewer  state polls so we have less data and margin of error polls suggest less than one point separating two candidates in Pennsylvania when the race is that close, it’s hard to predict Polls underestimated Trump adjustments are difficult to get right pollsters still make guesses


Question: election polls 2024

Polls fail, particularly for battleground states.

Mike Hills and Libby Rogers 9-13-24, BBC news reporters on the Visual Journalism and Data teams, "US election polls 2024: Who is ahead", Bbc News, https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj4x71znwxdo

polls are not accurate in battleground states polls are very tight There are fewer  state polls so we have less data and margin of error polls suggest less than one point separating two candidates in Pennsylvania when the race is that close, it’s hard to predict Polls underestimated Trump adjustments are difficult to get right pollsters still make guesses


Question: polls tight battleground states

Polls fail, particularly for battleground states.

Mike Hills and Libby Rogers 9-13-24, BBC news reporters on the Visual Journalism and Data teams, "US election polls 2024: Who is ahead", Bbc News, https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj4x71znwxdo

polls are not accurate in battleground states polls are very tight There are fewer  state polls so we have less data and margin of error polls suggest less than one point separating two candidates in Pennsylvania when the race is that close, it’s hard to predict Polls underestimated Trump adjustments are difficult to get right pollsters still make guesses


Question: Climate change spreads ag disease

Climate change spreads ag disease globally

Saifi, et al., 2024. Rayane Saifi (Research Laboratory of Sciences and Environment: Bioresources, Geochemical-Physics, legislation and socio-economic development, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, University of Tamanghasset, Tamanghasset, Algeria) Hysen Kokici (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy; Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania) Hadjer Saifi (Biogeochemistry of desert environments laboratory, Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physicochemical Analysis, Department of Biological Sciences, Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla, Algeria) Izzet Akea (Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey) Messaouda Benabdelkader (Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Setif University, Department of Environment and Agronomy, Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia University, Jijel, Algeria) Bekri Xhemali, Ejup Cota, and Ayoub Hadjeb, 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Plant Quarantine Challenges under Climate Change Anxiety “Chapter 11: Does Climate Change Heighten the Risk of Xylella fastidiosa Infection?” https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bekri-Xhemali/publication/380610532_Does_Climate_Change_Heighten_the_Risk_of_Xylella_fastidiosa_Infection/links/664c9b4022a7f16b4f409ad1/Does-Climate-Change-Heighten-the-Risk-of-Xylella-fastidiosa-Infection.pdf Accessed9.11.2024///mosuQ

climate change encompass weather shrinking of global ice sheets and rise in sea level primary driving force attributed to human activities fossil fuels greenhouse gases recognition of impact of climat on pathogens specifically those that impact ag extensive X. fastidiosa prominent menace to ag induce severe diseases in a diverse range of plants the plant dies infection may not manifest noticeable signs  transmission particularly susceptible to variations in temperature precipitation and geographic range alteration in the range and density of X. f arise as a consequence of warming emergence and establishment in previously unaffected areas posing unparalleled difficulties to agricultural systems on a global scale


Question: Saifi et al 2024

Climate change spreads ag disease globally

Saifi, et al., 2024. Rayane Saifi (Research Laboratory of Sciences and Environment: Bioresources, Geochemical-Physics, legislation and socio-economic development, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, University of Tamanghasset, Tamanghasset, Algeria) Hysen Kokici (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy; Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania) Hadjer Saifi (Biogeochemistry of desert environments laboratory, Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physicochemical Analysis, Department of Biological Sciences, Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla, Algeria) Izzet Akea (Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey) Messaouda Benabdelkader (Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Setif University, Department of Environment and Agronomy, Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia University, Jijel, Algeria) Bekri Xhemali, Ejup Cota, and Ayoub Hadjeb, 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Plant Quarantine Challenges under Climate Change Anxiety “Chapter 11: Does Climate Change Heighten the Risk of Xylella fastidiosa Infection?” https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bekri-Xhemali/publication/380610532_Does_Climate_Change_Heighten_the_Risk_of_Xylella_fastidiosa_Infection/links/664c9b4022a7f16b4f409ad1/Does-Climate-Change-Heighten-the-Risk-of-Xylella-fastidiosa-Infection.pdf Accessed9.11.2024///mosuQ

climate change encompass weather shrinking of global ice sheets and rise in sea level primary driving force attributed to human activities fossil fuels greenhouse gases recognition of impact of climat on pathogens specifically those that impact ag extensive X. fastidiosa prominent menace to ag induce severe diseases in a diverse range of plants the plant dies infection may not manifest noticeable signs  transmission particularly susceptible to variations in temperature precipitation and geographic range alteration in the range and density of X. f arise as a consequence of warming emergence and establishment in previously unaffected areas posing unparalleled difficulties to agricultural systems on a global scale


Question: Rayane Saifi climate change

Climate change spreads ag disease globally

Saifi, et al., 2024. Rayane Saifi (Research Laboratory of Sciences and Environment: Bioresources, Geochemical-Physics, legislation and socio-economic development, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, University of Tamanghasset, Tamanghasset, Algeria) Hysen Kokici (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy; Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania) Hadjer Saifi (Biogeochemistry of desert environments laboratory, Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physicochemical Analysis, Department of Biological Sciences, Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla, Algeria) Izzet Akea (Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey) Messaouda Benabdelkader (Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Setif University, Department of Environment and Agronomy, Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia University, Jijel, Algeria) Bekri Xhemali, Ejup Cota, and Ayoub Hadjeb, 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Plant Quarantine Challenges under Climate Change Anxiety “Chapter 11: Does Climate Change Heighten the Risk of Xylella fastidiosa Infection?” https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bekri-Xhemali/publication/380610532_Does_Climate_Change_Heighten_the_Risk_of_Xylella_fastidiosa_Infection/links/664c9b4022a7f16b4f409ad1/Does-Climate-Change-Heighten-the-Risk-of-Xylella-fastidiosa-Infection.pdf Accessed9.11.2024///mosuQ

climate change encompass weather shrinking of global ice sheets and rise in sea level primary driving force attributed to human activities fossil fuels greenhouse gases recognition of impact of climat on pathogens specifically those that impact ag extensive X. fastidiosa prominent menace to ag induce severe diseases in a diverse range of plants the plant dies infection may not manifest noticeable signs  transmission particularly susceptible to variations in temperature precipitation and geographic range alteration in the range and density of X. f arise as a consequence of warming emergence and establishment in previously unaffected areas posing unparalleled difficulties to agricultural systems on a global scale


Question: Xylella fastidiosa infection

Climate change spreads ag disease globally

Saifi, et al., 2024. Rayane Saifi (Research Laboratory of Sciences and Environment: Bioresources, Geochemical-Physics, legislation and socio-economic development, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, University of Tamanghasset, Tamanghasset, Algeria) Hysen Kokici (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy; Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania) Hadjer Saifi (Biogeochemistry of desert environments laboratory, Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physicochemical Analysis, Department of Biological Sciences, Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla, Algeria) Izzet Akea (Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey) Messaouda Benabdelkader (Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Setif University, Department of Environment and Agronomy, Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia University, Jijel, Algeria) Bekri Xhemali, Ejup Cota, and Ayoub Hadjeb, 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Plant Quarantine Challenges under Climate Change Anxiety “Chapter 11: Does Climate Change Heighten the Risk of Xylella fastidiosa Infection?” https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bekri-Xhemali/publication/380610532_Does_Climate_Change_Heighten_the_Risk_of_Xylella_fastidiosa_Infection/links/664c9b4022a7f16b4f409ad1/Does-Climate-Change-Heighten-the-Risk-of-Xylella-fastidiosa-Infection.pdf Accessed9.11.2024///mosuQ

climate change encompass weather shrinking of global ice sheets and rise in sea level primary driving force attributed to human activities fossil fuels greenhouse gases recognition of impact of climat on pathogens specifically those that impact ag extensive X. fastidiosa prominent menace to ag induce severe diseases in a diverse range of plants the plant dies infection may not manifest noticeable signs  transmission particularly susceptible to variations in temperature precipitation and geographic range alteration in the range and density of X. f arise as a consequence of warming emergence and establishment in previously unaffected areas posing unparalleled difficulties to agricultural systems on a global scale


Question: Climate change ag disease globally

Climate change spreads ag disease globally

Saifi, et al., 2024. Rayane Saifi (Research Laboratory of Sciences and Environment: Bioresources, Geochemical-Physics, legislation and socio-economic development, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, University of Tamanghasset, Tamanghasset, Algeria) Hysen Kokici (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy; Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania) Hadjer Saifi (Biogeochemistry of desert environments laboratory, Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physicochemical Analysis, Department of Biological Sciences, Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla, Algeria) Izzet Akea (Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey) Messaouda Benabdelkader (Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Setif University, Department of Environment and Agronomy, Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia University, Jijel, Algeria) Bekri Xhemali, Ejup Cota, and Ayoub Hadjeb, 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Plant Quarantine Challenges under Climate Change Anxiety “Chapter 11: Does Climate Change Heighten the Risk of Xylella fastidiosa Infection?” https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bekri-Xhemali/publication/380610532_Does_Climate_Change_Heighten_the_Risk_of_Xylella_fastidiosa_Infection/links/664c9b4022a7f16b4f409ad1/Does-Climate-Change-Heighten-the-Risk-of-Xylella-fastidiosa-Infection.pdf Accessed9.11.2024///mosuQ

climate change encompass weather shrinking of global ice sheets and rise in sea level primary driving force attributed to human activities fossil fuels greenhouse gases recognition of impact of climat on pathogens specifically those that impact ag extensive X. fastidiosa prominent menace to ag induce severe diseases in a diverse range of plants the plant dies infection may not manifest noticeable signs  transmission particularly susceptible to variations in temperature precipitation and geographic range alteration in the range and density of X. f arise as a consequence of warming emergence and establishment in previously unaffected areas posing unparalleled difficulties to agricultural systems on a global scale


Question: Climate change pathogens agriculture

Climate change spreads ag disease globally

Saifi, et al., 2024. Rayane Saifi (Research Laboratory of Sciences and Environment: Bioresources, Geochemical-Physics, legislation and socio-economic development, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, University of Tamanghasset, Tamanghasset, Algeria) Hysen Kokici (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy; Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania) Hadjer Saifi (Biogeochemistry of desert environments laboratory, Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physicochemical Analysis, Department of Biological Sciences, Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla, Algeria) Izzet Akea (Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey) Messaouda Benabdelkader (Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Setif University, Department of Environment and Agronomy, Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia University, Jijel, Algeria) Bekri Xhemali, Ejup Cota, and Ayoub Hadjeb, 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Plant Quarantine Challenges under Climate Change Anxiety “Chapter 11: Does Climate Change Heighten the Risk of Xylella fastidiosa Infection?” https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bekri-Xhemali/publication/380610532_Does_Climate_Change_Heighten_the_Risk_of_Xylella_fastidiosa_Infection/links/664c9b4022a7f16b4f409ad1/Does-Climate-Change-Heighten-the-Risk-of-Xylella-fastidiosa-Infection.pdf Accessed9.11.2024///mosuQ

climate change encompass weather shrinking of global ice sheets and rise in sea level primary driving force attributed to human activities fossil fuels greenhouse gases recognition of impact of climat on pathogens specifically those that impact ag extensive X. fastidiosa prominent menace to ag induce severe diseases in a diverse range of plants the plant dies infection may not manifest noticeable signs  transmission particularly susceptible to variations in temperature precipitation and geographic range alteration in the range and density of X. f arise as a consequence of warming emergence and establishment in previously unaffected areas posing unparalleled difficulties to agricultural systems on a global scale


Question: Climate change spreads plant disease

Climate change spreads ag disease globally

Saifi, et al., 2024. Rayane Saifi (Research Laboratory of Sciences and Environment: Bioresources, Geochemical-Physics, legislation and socio-economic development, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, University of Tamanghasset, Tamanghasset, Algeria) Hysen Kokici (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy; Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania) Hadjer Saifi (Biogeochemistry of desert environments laboratory, Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physicochemical Analysis, Department of Biological Sciences, Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla, Algeria) Izzet Akea (Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey) Messaouda Benabdelkader (Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Setif University, Department of Environment and Agronomy, Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia University, Jijel, Algeria) Bekri Xhemali, Ejup Cota, and Ayoub Hadjeb, 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Plant Quarantine Challenges under Climate Change Anxiety “Chapter 11: Does Climate Change Heighten the Risk of Xylella fastidiosa Infection?” https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bekri-Xhemali/publication/380610532_Does_Climate_Change_Heighten_the_Risk_of_Xylella_fastidiosa_Infection/links/664c9b4022a7f16b4f409ad1/Does-Climate-Change-Heighten-the-Risk-of-Xylella-fastidiosa-Infection.pdf Accessed9.11.2024///mosuQ

climate change encompass weather shrinking of global ice sheets and rise in sea level primary driving force attributed to human activities fossil fuels greenhouse gases recognition of impact of climat on pathogens specifically those that impact ag extensive X. fastidiosa prominent menace to ag induce severe diseases in a diverse range of plants the plant dies infection may not manifest noticeable signs  transmission particularly susceptible to variations in temperature precipitation and geographic range alteration in the range and density of X. f arise as a consequence of warming emergence and establishment in previously unaffected areas posing unparalleled difficulties to agricultural systems on a global scale