Question: EVs do not need rare minerals

1NC 2: Not enough minerals is oil industry propaganda.

Russell Ruderman 23. Russell E. Ruderman is an American politician and was a Democratic member of the Hawaii Senate from 2012 to 2020 representing District 2. “Russell Ruderman: Dispelling The Disinformation On Electric Vehicles.” 10/16/23. https://www.civilbeat.org/2023/10/russell-ruderman-dispelling-the-disinformation-on-electric-vehicles/

cobalt is being phased out New techniques made lithium available from seawater newest battery use no rare minerals rapid advances lessening concerns same cannot be said about fossil fuels oil industry PR minerals in batteries recharged and used for years recycled and reused burning of oil requires more oil more mining let’s not lose sight of the big picture let’s assume we are mining rare minerals in destructive manner we must compare this to oil wells , pipelines wars spillage impacts are a thousand times greater is an easy choice learn to recognize oil industry propaganda


Question: oil industry PR minerals in batteries

1NC 2: Not enough minerals is oil industry propaganda.

Russell Ruderman 23. Russell E. Ruderman is an American politician and was a Democratic member of the Hawaii Senate from 2012 to 2020 representing District 2. “Russell Ruderman: Dispelling The Disinformation On Electric Vehicles.” 10/16/23. https://www.civilbeat.org/2023/10/russell-ruderman-dispelling-the-disinformation-on-electric-vehicles/

cobalt is being phased out New techniques made lithium available from seawater newest battery use no rare minerals rapid advances lessening concerns same cannot be said about fossil fuels oil industry PR minerals in batteries recharged and used for years recycled and reused burning of oil requires more oil more mining let’s not lose sight of the big picture let’s assume we are mining rare minerals in destructive manner we must compare this to oil wells , pipelines wars spillage impacts are a thousand times greater is an easy choice learn to recognize oil industry propaganda


Question: lithium from seawater

1NC 2: Not enough minerals is oil industry propaganda.

Russell Ruderman 23. Russell E. Ruderman is an American politician and was a Democratic member of the Hawaii Senate from 2012 to 2020 representing District 2. “Russell Ruderman: Dispelling The Disinformation On Electric Vehicles.” 10/16/23. https://www.civilbeat.org/2023/10/russell-ruderman-dispelling-the-disinformation-on-electric-vehicles/

cobalt is being phased out New techniques made lithium available from seawater newest battery use no rare minerals rapid advances lessening concerns same cannot be said about fossil fuels oil industry PR minerals in batteries recharged and used for years recycled and reused burning of oil requires more oil more mining let’s not lose sight of the big picture let’s assume we are mining rare minerals in destructive manner we must compare this to oil wells , pipelines wars spillage impacts are a thousand times greater is an easy choice learn to recognize oil industry propaganda


Question: EVs good for environment

1NC 2: Not enough minerals is oil industry propaganda.

Russell Ruderman 23. Russell E. Ruderman is an American politician and was a Democratic member of the Hawaii Senate from 2012 to 2020 representing District 2. “Russell Ruderman: Dispelling The Disinformation On Electric Vehicles.” 10/16/23. https://www.civilbeat.org/2023/10/russell-ruderman-dispelling-the-disinformation-on-electric-vehicles/

cobalt is being phased out New techniques made lithium available from seawater newest battery use no rare minerals rapid advances lessening concerns same cannot be said about fossil fuels oil industry PR minerals in batteries recharged and used for years recycled and reused burning of oil requires more oil more mining let’s not lose sight of the big picture let’s assume we are mining rare minerals in destructive manner we must compare this to oil wells , pipelines wars spillage impacts are a thousand times greater is an easy choice learn to recognize oil industry propaganda


Question: EVs no rare minerals

1NC 2: Not enough minerals is oil industry propaganda.

Russell Ruderman 23. Russell E. Ruderman is an American politician and was a Democratic member of the Hawaii Senate from 2012 to 2020 representing District 2. “Russell Ruderman: Dispelling The Disinformation On Electric Vehicles.” 10/16/23. https://www.civilbeat.org/2023/10/russell-ruderman-dispelling-the-disinformation-on-electric-vehicles/

cobalt is being phased out New techniques made lithium available from seawater newest battery use no rare minerals rapid advances lessening concerns same cannot be said about fossil fuels oil industry PR minerals in batteries recharged and used for years recycled and reused burning of oil requires more oil more mining let’s not lose sight of the big picture let’s assume we are mining rare minerals in destructive manner we must compare this to oil wells , pipelines wars spillage impacts are a thousand times greater is an easy choice learn to recognize oil industry propaganda


Question: oil impacts are a thousand times greater

1NC 2: Not enough minerals is oil industry propaganda.

Russell Ruderman 23. Russell E. Ruderman is an American politician and was a Democratic member of the Hawaii Senate from 2012 to 2020 representing District 2. “Russell Ruderman: Dispelling The Disinformation On Electric Vehicles.” 10/16/23. https://www.civilbeat.org/2023/10/russell-ruderman-dispelling-the-disinformation-on-electric-vehicles/

cobalt is being phased out New techniques made lithium available from seawater newest battery use no rare minerals rapid advances lessening concerns same cannot be said about fossil fuels oil industry PR minerals in batteries recharged and used for years recycled and reused burning of oil requires more oil more mining let’s not lose sight of the big picture let’s assume we are mining rare minerals in destructive manner we must compare this to oil wells , pipelines wars spillage impacts are a thousand times greater is an easy choice learn to recognize oil industry propaganda


Question: Econ resilient

Econ’s resilient

Palha 17 – Sol Palha, Head Financial Analyst at Tactical Investor, Writer at The Street, Contributor at Huffington Post, Master’s Degree in Psychology from Columbia University, Lecturer at Pasiad International, “Is A Spectacular Stock Market Crash Just Around the Corner?”, 2017, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/is-a-spectacular-stock-market-crash-just-around-the_us_599dbd8fe4b056057bddd035

there has been a drumbeat of crash stories Ten years later most are still waiting possibility is not the same certainty , and this elude naysayers We’ve had financial problems every four years so far naysayers missed the mark by 1000 miles the Fed propped markets keeping rates low until masses embrace a crash is unlikely The market defied every call so-called experts have no idea this will occur


Question: Palha 17

Econ’s resilient

Palha 17 – Sol Palha, Head Financial Analyst at Tactical Investor, Writer at The Street, Contributor at Huffington Post, Master’s Degree in Psychology from Columbia University, Lecturer at Pasiad International, “Is A Spectacular Stock Market Crash Just Around the Corner?”, 2017, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/is-a-spectacular-stock-market-crash-just-around-the_us_599dbd8fe4b056057bddd035

there has been a drumbeat of crash stories Ten years later most are still waiting possibility is not the same certainty , and this elude naysayers We’ve had financial problems every four years so far naysayers missed the mark by 1000 miles the Fed propped markets keeping rates low until masses embrace a crash is unlikely The market defied every call so-called experts have no idea this will occur


Question: Sol Palha

Econ’s resilient

Palha 17 – Sol Palha, Head Financial Analyst at Tactical Investor, Writer at The Street, Contributor at Huffington Post, Master’s Degree in Psychology from Columbia University, Lecturer at Pasiad International, “Is A Spectacular Stock Market Crash Just Around the Corner?”, 2017, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/is-a-spectacular-stock-market-crash-just-around-the_us_599dbd8fe4b056057bddd035

there has been a drumbeat of crash stories Ten years later most are still waiting possibility is not the same certainty , and this elude naysayers We’ve had financial problems every four years so far naysayers missed the mark by 1000 miles the Fed propped markets keeping rates low until masses embrace a crash is unlikely The market defied every call so-called experts have no idea this will occur


Question: Stock market crash unlikely

Econ’s resilient

Palha 17 – Sol Palha, Head Financial Analyst at Tactical Investor, Writer at The Street, Contributor at Huffington Post, Master’s Degree in Psychology from Columbia University, Lecturer at Pasiad International, “Is A Spectacular Stock Market Crash Just Around the Corner?”, 2017, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/is-a-spectacular-stock-market-crash-just-around-the_us_599dbd8fe4b056057bddd035

there has been a drumbeat of crash stories Ten years later most are still waiting possibility is not the same certainty , and this elude naysayers We’ve had financial problems every four years so far naysayers missed the mark by 1000 miles the Fed propped markets keeping rates low until masses embrace a crash is unlikely The market defied every call so-called experts have no idea this will occur


Question: Market defied experts

Econ’s resilient

Palha 17 – Sol Palha, Head Financial Analyst at Tactical Investor, Writer at The Street, Contributor at Huffington Post, Master’s Degree in Psychology from Columbia University, Lecturer at Pasiad International, “Is A Spectacular Stock Market Crash Just Around the Corner?”, 2017, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/is-a-spectacular-stock-market-crash-just-around-the_us_599dbd8fe4b056057bddd035

there has been a drumbeat of crash stories Ten years later most are still waiting possibility is not the same certainty , and this elude naysayers We’ve had financial problems every four years so far naysayers missed the mark by 1000 miles the Fed propped markets keeping rates low until masses embrace a crash is unlikely The market defied every call so-called experts have no idea this will occur


Question: financial problems every four years

Econ’s resilient

Palha 17 – Sol Palha, Head Financial Analyst at Tactical Investor, Writer at The Street, Contributor at Huffington Post, Master’s Degree in Psychology from Columbia University, Lecturer at Pasiad International, “Is A Spectacular Stock Market Crash Just Around the Corner?”, 2017, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/is-a-spectacular-stock-market-crash-just-around-the_us_599dbd8fe4b056057bddd035

there has been a drumbeat of crash stories Ten years later most are still waiting possibility is not the same certainty , and this elude naysayers We’ve had financial problems every four years so far naysayers missed the mark by 1000 miles the Fed propped markets keeping rates low until masses embrace a crash is unlikely The market defied every call so-called experts have no idea this will occur


Question: Fed propped markets

Econ’s resilient

Palha 17 – Sol Palha, Head Financial Analyst at Tactical Investor, Writer at The Street, Contributor at Huffington Post, Master’s Degree in Psychology from Columbia University, Lecturer at Pasiad International, “Is A Spectacular Stock Market Crash Just Around the Corner?”, 2017, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/is-a-spectacular-stock-market-crash-just-around-the_us_599dbd8fe4b056057bddd035

there has been a drumbeat of crash stories Ten years later most are still waiting possibility is not the same certainty , and this elude naysayers We’ve had financial problems every four years so far naysayers missed the mark by 1000 miles the Fed propped markets keeping rates low until masses embrace a crash is unlikely The market defied every call so-called experts have no idea this will occur


Question: Plan causes production shift

The plan causes a production shift---the combination of a carbon tax AND fixed-price shifts aggregate productivity AND LFPRs upward, avoiding all negative effects.

Metcalf ’23 [Gilbert and Alan Shapiro; February; economics professor at Tufts University, Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University; associate economics professor at Tufts University, Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Maryland, College Park; Journal of Public Economics, vol. 218, “The macroeconomic effects of a carbon tax to meet the U.S. Paris agreement target: The role of firm creation and technology adoption,” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004727272200202X]

the carbon tax shifts from lower to higher productivity, This increase overall productivity and reduction in cost counteracting adverse impacts social optimum would contain g firms making polluting more costly move toward optimum positive differential stems from fixed costs the reallocation of employment accompanied by an increase in l f p r


Question: Metcalf 23

The plan causes a production shift---the combination of a carbon tax AND fixed-price shifts aggregate productivity AND LFPRs upward, avoiding all negative effects.

Metcalf ’23 [Gilbert and Alan Shapiro; February; economics professor at Tufts University, Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University; associate economics professor at Tufts University, Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Maryland, College Park; Journal of Public Economics, vol. 218, “The macroeconomic effects of a carbon tax to meet the U.S. Paris agreement target: The role of firm creation and technology adoption,” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004727272200202X]

the carbon tax shifts from lower to higher productivity, This increase overall productivity and reduction in cost counteracting adverse impacts social optimum would contain g firms making polluting more costly move toward optimum positive differential stems from fixed costs the reallocation of employment accompanied by an increase in l f p r


Question: carbon tax productivity LFPRs

The plan causes a production shift---the combination of a carbon tax AND fixed-price shifts aggregate productivity AND LFPRs upward, avoiding all negative effects.

Metcalf ’23 [Gilbert and Alan Shapiro; February; economics professor at Tufts University, Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University; associate economics professor at Tufts University, Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Maryland, College Park; Journal of Public Economics, vol. 218, “The macroeconomic effects of a carbon tax to meet the U.S. Paris agreement target: The role of firm creation and technology adoption,” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004727272200202X]

the carbon tax shifts from lower to higher productivity, This increase overall productivity and reduction in cost counteracting adverse impacts social optimum would contain g firms making polluting more costly move toward optimum positive differential stems from fixed costs the reallocation of employment accompanied by an increase in l f p r


Question: carbon tax fixed price

The plan causes a production shift---the combination of a carbon tax AND fixed-price shifts aggregate productivity AND LFPRs upward, avoiding all negative effects.

Metcalf ’23 [Gilbert and Alan Shapiro; February; economics professor at Tufts University, Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University; associate economics professor at Tufts University, Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Maryland, College Park; Journal of Public Economics, vol. 218, “The macroeconomic effects of a carbon tax to meet the U.S. Paris agreement target: The role of firm creation and technology adoption,” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004727272200202X]

the carbon tax shifts from lower to higher productivity, This increase overall productivity and reduction in cost counteracting adverse impacts social optimum would contain g firms making polluting more costly move toward optimum positive differential stems from fixed costs the reallocation of employment accompanied by an increase in l f p r


Question: carbon tax shifts productivity

The plan causes a production shift---the combination of a carbon tax AND fixed-price shifts aggregate productivity AND LFPRs upward, avoiding all negative effects.

Metcalf ’23 [Gilbert and Alan Shapiro; February; economics professor at Tufts University, Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University; associate economics professor at Tufts University, Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Maryland, College Park; Journal of Public Economics, vol. 218, “The macroeconomic effects of a carbon tax to meet the U.S. Paris agreement target: The role of firm creation and technology adoption,” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004727272200202X]

the carbon tax shifts from lower to higher productivity, This increase overall productivity and reduction in cost counteracting adverse impacts social optimum would contain g firms making polluting more costly move toward optimum positive differential stems from fixed costs the reallocation of employment accompanied by an increase in l f p r


Question: productivity increase due to carbon tax

The plan causes a production shift---the combination of a carbon tax AND fixed-price shifts aggregate productivity AND LFPRs upward, avoiding all negative effects.

Metcalf ’23 [Gilbert and Alan Shapiro; February; economics professor at Tufts University, Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University; associate economics professor at Tufts University, Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Maryland, College Park; Journal of Public Economics, vol. 218, “The macroeconomic effects of a carbon tax to meet the U.S. Paris agreement target: The role of firm creation and technology adoption,” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004727272200202X]

the carbon tax shifts from lower to higher productivity, This increase overall productivity and reduction in cost counteracting adverse impacts social optimum would contain g firms making polluting more costly move toward optimum positive differential stems from fixed costs the reallocation of employment accompanied by an increase in l f p r


Question: Metcalf carbon tax macroeconomic effects

The plan causes a production shift---the combination of a carbon tax AND fixed-price shifts aggregate productivity AND LFPRs upward, avoiding all negative effects.

Metcalf ’23 [Gilbert and Alan Shapiro; February; economics professor at Tufts University, Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University; associate economics professor at Tufts University, Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Maryland, College Park; Journal of Public Economics, vol. 218, “The macroeconomic effects of a carbon tax to meet the U.S. Paris agreement target: The role of firm creation and technology adoption,” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004727272200202X]

the carbon tax shifts from lower to higher productivity, This increase overall productivity and reduction in cost counteracting adverse impacts social optimum would contain g firms making polluting more costly move toward optimum positive differential stems from fixed costs the reallocation of employment accompanied by an increase in l f p r


Question: Sun Belt Pennsylvania

Sun Belt not key – Pennsylvania is key to Harris path to 270

Nagourney, New York Times national political reporter, et al., 9-23-24

Voters across the Sun Belt say Trump improved their lives when he was president setting the stage for an extraordinarily competitive contest in three key states, according to the latest polls Trump has gained a lead in Arizona and remains ahead in Georgia in North Carolina , Harris trails Trump by just a narrow margin Harris has shown relative strength in several key states across the Midwest and, most critically to her hopes of becoming president, Pennsylvania


Question: Nagourney 9-23-24

Sun Belt not key – Pennsylvania is key to Harris path to 270

Nagourney, New York Times national political reporter, et al., 9-23-24

Voters across the Sun Belt say Trump improved their lives when he was president setting the stage for an extraordinarily competitive contest in three key states, according to the latest polls Trump has gained a lead in Arizona and remains ahead in Georgia in North Carolina , Harris trails Trump by just a narrow margin Harris has shown relative strength in several key states across the Midwest and, most critically to her hopes of becoming president, Pennsylvania


Question: Harris Pennsylvania key to 270

Sun Belt not key – Pennsylvania is key to Harris path to 270

Nagourney, New York Times national political reporter, et al., 9-23-24

Voters across the Sun Belt say Trump improved their lives when he was president setting the stage for an extraordinarily competitive contest in three key states, according to the latest polls Trump has gained a lead in Arizona and remains ahead in Georgia in North Carolina , Harris trails Trump by just a narrow margin Harris has shown relative strength in several key states across the Midwest and, most critically to her hopes of becoming president, Pennsylvania


Question: Harris strength in Midwest

Sun Belt not key – Pennsylvania is key to Harris path to 270

Nagourney, New York Times national political reporter, et al., 9-23-24

Voters across the Sun Belt say Trump improved their lives when he was president setting the stage for an extraordinarily competitive contest in three key states, according to the latest polls Trump has gained a lead in Arizona and remains ahead in Georgia in North Carolina , Harris trails Trump by just a narrow margin Harris has shown relative strength in several key states across the Midwest and, most critically to her hopes of becoming president, Pennsylvania


Question: Trump lead in Arizona

Sun Belt not key – Pennsylvania is key to Harris path to 270

Nagourney, New York Times national political reporter, et al., 9-23-24

Voters across the Sun Belt say Trump improved their lives when he was president setting the stage for an extraordinarily competitive contest in three key states, according to the latest polls Trump has gained a lead in Arizona and remains ahead in Georgia in North Carolina , Harris trails Trump by just a narrow margin Harris has shown relative strength in several key states across the Midwest and, most critically to her hopes of becoming president, Pennsylvania


Question: Harris Pennsylvania president

Sun Belt not key – Pennsylvania is key to Harris path to 270

Nagourney, New York Times national political reporter, et al., 9-23-24

Voters across the Sun Belt say Trump improved their lives when he was president setting the stage for an extraordinarily competitive contest in three key states, according to the latest polls Trump has gained a lead in Arizona and remains ahead in Georgia in North Carolina , Harris trails Trump by just a narrow margin Harris has shown relative strength in several key states across the Midwest and, most critically to her hopes of becoming president, Pennsylvania


Question: Harris trails Trump North Carolina

Sun Belt not key – Pennsylvania is key to Harris path to 270

Nagourney, New York Times national political reporter, et al., 9-23-24

Voters across the Sun Belt say Trump improved their lives when he was president setting the stage for an extraordinarily competitive contest in three key states, according to the latest polls Trump has gained a lead in Arizona and remains ahead in Georgia in North Carolina , Harris trails Trump by just a narrow margin Harris has shown relative strength in several key states across the Midwest and, most critically to her hopes of becoming president, Pennsylvania


Question: Trump improves lives Sun Belt

Sun Belt not key – Pennsylvania is key to Harris path to 270

Nagourney, New York Times national political reporter, et al., 9-23-24

Voters across the Sun Belt say Trump improved their lives when he was president setting the stage for an extraordinarily competitive contest in three key states, according to the latest polls Trump has gained a lead in Arizona and remains ahead in Georgia in North Carolina , Harris trails Trump by just a narrow margin Harris has shown relative strength in several key states across the Midwest and, most critically to her hopes of becoming president, Pennsylvania


Question: Fossil fuels military strength

Accelerating the shift away from fossil fuels undermines US economic and military strength---petroleum is irreplaceable for the military

Bucknam 23 [Mark A. Bucknam, Professor of National Security Strategy and the Director of Research and Writing at the National War College, PhD in War Studies from King’s College, University of London, Master of Science degree in materials science and engineering from Virginia Tech, “Climate change and national security,” Comparative Strategy, Vol. 42, Issue 2, T&F Online via Michigan State Libraries, https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2023.2182108] [language modified]

Attempts to accelerate shift from fossil fuels will undermine American power , and throttle US economy wellspring of power and ability to adapt to future climate better off accepting gradual transition to rush transition will harm military, reducing US influence in foreign affairs Oil has been sine qua non of high-tech military petroleum essential to combat power there is no substitute unrivaled power storage  portability cost , reliability , scalability , and availability made it only viable fuel for airplanes , tanks vehicles , and warships combat effectiveness rooted in demands petroleum-based fuels impossible to conduct sustained combat without fossil fuels’ secret sauce mean transition at price of loss in American power projection and combat capability America’s economic strength and military might depend on reliable energy war requires mobility won by those with oil to end fossil fuels will hinder American military


Question: Bucknam 23

Accelerating the shift away from fossil fuels undermines US economic and military strength---petroleum is irreplaceable for the military

Bucknam 23 [Mark A. Bucknam, Professor of National Security Strategy and the Director of Research and Writing at the National War College, PhD in War Studies from King’s College, University of London, Master of Science degree in materials science and engineering from Virginia Tech, “Climate change and national security,” Comparative Strategy, Vol. 42, Issue 2, T&F Online via Michigan State Libraries, https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2023.2182108] [language modified]

Attempts to accelerate shift from fossil fuels will undermine American power , and throttle US economy wellspring of power and ability to adapt to future climate better off accepting gradual transition to rush transition will harm military, reducing US influence in foreign affairs Oil has been sine qua non of high-tech military petroleum essential to combat power there is no substitute unrivaled power storage  portability cost , reliability , scalability , and availability made it only viable fuel for airplanes , tanks vehicles , and warships combat effectiveness rooted in demands petroleum-based fuels impossible to conduct sustained combat without fossil fuels’ secret sauce mean transition at price of loss in American power projection and combat capability America’s economic strength and military might depend on reliable energy war requires mobility won by those with oil to end fossil fuels will hinder American military


Question: Mark Bucknam

Accelerating the shift away from fossil fuels undermines US economic and military strength---petroleum is irreplaceable for the military

Bucknam 23 [Mark A. Bucknam, Professor of National Security Strategy and the Director of Research and Writing at the National War College, PhD in War Studies from King’s College, University of London, Master of Science degree in materials science and engineering from Virginia Tech, “Climate change and national security,” Comparative Strategy, Vol. 42, Issue 2, T&F Online via Michigan State Libraries, https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2023.2182108] [language modified]

Attempts to accelerate shift from fossil fuels will undermine American power , and throttle US economy wellspring of power and ability to adapt to future climate better off accepting gradual transition to rush transition will harm military, reducing US influence in foreign affairs Oil has been sine qua non of high-tech military petroleum essential to combat power there is no substitute unrivaled power storage  portability cost , reliability , scalability , and availability made it only viable fuel for airplanes , tanks vehicles , and warships combat effectiveness rooted in demands petroleum-based fuels impossible to conduct sustained combat without fossil fuels’ secret sauce mean transition at price of loss in American power projection and combat capability America’s economic strength and military might depend on reliable energy war requires mobility won by those with oil to end fossil fuels will hinder American military


Question: Fossil fuels irreplaceable military

Accelerating the shift away from fossil fuels undermines US economic and military strength---petroleum is irreplaceable for the military

Bucknam 23 [Mark A. Bucknam, Professor of National Security Strategy and the Director of Research and Writing at the National War College, PhD in War Studies from King’s College, University of London, Master of Science degree in materials science and engineering from Virginia Tech, “Climate change and national security,” Comparative Strategy, Vol. 42, Issue 2, T&F Online via Michigan State Libraries, https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2023.2182108] [language modified]

Attempts to accelerate shift from fossil fuels will undermine American power , and throttle US economy wellspring of power and ability to adapt to future climate better off accepting gradual transition to rush transition will harm military, reducing US influence in foreign affairs Oil has been sine qua non of high-tech military petroleum essential to combat power there is no substitute unrivaled power storage  portability cost , reliability , scalability , and availability made it only viable fuel for airplanes , tanks vehicles , and warships combat effectiveness rooted in demands petroleum-based fuels impossible to conduct sustained combat without fossil fuels’ secret sauce mean transition at price of loss in American power projection and combat capability America’s economic strength and military might depend on reliable energy war requires mobility won by those with oil to end fossil fuels will hinder American military


Question: oil essential to combat power

Accelerating the shift away from fossil fuels undermines US economic and military strength---petroleum is irreplaceable for the military

Bucknam 23 [Mark A. Bucknam, Professor of National Security Strategy and the Director of Research and Writing at the National War College, PhD in War Studies from King’s College, University of London, Master of Science degree in materials science and engineering from Virginia Tech, “Climate change and national security,” Comparative Strategy, Vol. 42, Issue 2, T&F Online via Michigan State Libraries, https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2023.2182108] [language modified]

Attempts to accelerate shift from fossil fuels will undermine American power , and throttle US economy wellspring of power and ability to adapt to future climate better off accepting gradual transition to rush transition will harm military, reducing US influence in foreign affairs Oil has been sine qua non of high-tech military petroleum essential to combat power there is no substitute unrivaled power storage  portability cost , reliability , scalability , and availability made it only viable fuel for airplanes , tanks vehicles , and warships combat effectiveness rooted in demands petroleum-based fuels impossible to conduct sustained combat without fossil fuels’ secret sauce mean transition at price of loss in American power projection and combat capability America’s economic strength and military might depend on reliable energy war requires mobility won by those with oil to end fossil fuels will hinder American military


Question: shift from fossil fuels undermines military

Accelerating the shift away from fossil fuels undermines US economic and military strength---petroleum is irreplaceable for the military

Bucknam 23 [Mark A. Bucknam, Professor of National Security Strategy and the Director of Research and Writing at the National War College, PhD in War Studies from King’s College, University of London, Master of Science degree in materials science and engineering from Virginia Tech, “Climate change and national security,” Comparative Strategy, Vol. 42, Issue 2, T&F Online via Michigan State Libraries, https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2023.2182108] [language modified]

Attempts to accelerate shift from fossil fuels will undermine American power , and throttle US economy wellspring of power and ability to adapt to future climate better off accepting gradual transition to rush transition will harm military, reducing US influence in foreign affairs Oil has been sine qua non of high-tech military petroleum essential to combat power there is no substitute unrivaled power storage  portability cost , reliability , scalability , and availability made it only viable fuel for airplanes , tanks vehicles , and warships combat effectiveness rooted in demands petroleum-based fuels impossible to conduct sustained combat without fossil fuels’ secret sauce mean transition at price of loss in American power projection and combat capability America’s economic strength and military might depend on reliable energy war requires mobility won by those with oil to end fossil fuels will hinder American military


Question: petroleum unrivaled power storage

Accelerating the shift away from fossil fuels undermines US economic and military strength---petroleum is irreplaceable for the military

Bucknam 23 [Mark A. Bucknam, Professor of National Security Strategy and the Director of Research and Writing at the National War College, PhD in War Studies from King’s College, University of London, Master of Science degree in materials science and engineering from Virginia Tech, “Climate change and national security,” Comparative Strategy, Vol. 42, Issue 2, T&F Online via Michigan State Libraries, https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2023.2182108] [language modified]

Attempts to accelerate shift from fossil fuels will undermine American power , and throttle US economy wellspring of power and ability to adapt to future climate better off accepting gradual transition to rush transition will harm military, reducing US influence in foreign affairs Oil has been sine qua non of high-tech military petroleum essential to combat power there is no substitute unrivaled power storage  portability cost , reliability , scalability , and availability made it only viable fuel for airplanes , tanks vehicles , and warships combat effectiveness rooted in demands petroleum-based fuels impossible to conduct sustained combat without fossil fuels’ secret sauce mean transition at price of loss in American power projection and combat capability America’s economic strength and military might depend on reliable energy war requires mobility won by those with oil to end fossil fuels will hinder American military


Question: US military depends on oil

Accelerating the shift away from fossil fuels undermines US economic and military strength---petroleum is irreplaceable for the military

Bucknam 23 [Mark A. Bucknam, Professor of National Security Strategy and the Director of Research and Writing at the National War College, PhD in War Studies from King’s College, University of London, Master of Science degree in materials science and engineering from Virginia Tech, “Climate change and national security,” Comparative Strategy, Vol. 42, Issue 2, T&F Online via Michigan State Libraries, https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2023.2182108] [language modified]

Attempts to accelerate shift from fossil fuels will undermine American power , and throttle US economy wellspring of power and ability to adapt to future climate better off accepting gradual transition to rush transition will harm military, reducing US influence in foreign affairs Oil has been sine qua non of high-tech military petroleum essential to combat power there is no substitute unrivaled power storage  portability cost , reliability , scalability , and availability made it only viable fuel for airplanes , tanks vehicles , and warships combat effectiveness rooted in demands petroleum-based fuels impossible to conduct sustained combat without fossil fuels’ secret sauce mean transition at price of loss in American power projection and combat capability America’s economic strength and military might depend on reliable energy war requires mobility won by those with oil to end fossil fuels will hinder American military


Question: litigation not effective political maneuver

Litigation before the courts is not an effective political maneuver, but their capacity to frame it as such reveals a counterinsurgent thread that runs through their imagination of the aff and research project.

1AC Fornasari 24, recut to say what the author ACTUALLY meant! [Riccardo Fornasari, temporary teaching and research associate at Paris Nanterre University, former post-doc researcher at University of Bologna, PhD private law, University of Bologna and University of Paris Nanterre, LLM Dickson Poon School of Law, King’s College London, “The legal form of climate change litigation,” Journal of Law and Political Economy, forthcoming 2024, https://hal.science/hal-04431595/]

climate change litigation is fundamentally anti-systemic ( a different issue from progressive or conservative I will clarify what this statement does not imply I do not advance that  these judgements have a redistributive effect  I do not argue that these decisions constitute some kind of anticapitalist agenda I do not mean that these judgements can transform the system even though climate change litigation is anti-systemic , it presents a biased Eurocentric perspective fails to account for the most affected The narrative according to which the plaintiffs (and judgments) pursue the general interest can be questioned For instance , in Milieudefensie refusal to take into account the interests beyond those of the Netherlands denies a voice to those most affected French climate litigation does not take into account the French Outre-mer. Moreover , this litigation  claims mainly mitigation while the Global South necessitates reparation These cases suffer from a post-colonial mentality also in the choice of the threshold These are major shortcomings , because litigating before courts in the Global North creates a hierarchy of interests taken into account. affording the climate issue does not involve, fighting racial injustices. sacrifice zones are created through green transition extraction raw materials legal mechanisms have been fundamental for the development of racial capitalism these shortcomings help recall climate change litigation is not the best place to address climate the partial hindering of a segment of the process of accumulation does not involve racial justices . the simple presence of law colliding with the rationale of capital accumulation does not make an entire system anticapitalist .


Question: Fornasari 24

Litigation before the courts is not an effective political maneuver, but their capacity to frame it as such reveals a counterinsurgent thread that runs through their imagination of the aff and research project.

1AC Fornasari 24, recut to say what the author ACTUALLY meant! [Riccardo Fornasari, temporary teaching and research associate at Paris Nanterre University, former post-doc researcher at University of Bologna, PhD private law, University of Bologna and University of Paris Nanterre, LLM Dickson Poon School of Law, King’s College London, “The legal form of climate change litigation,” Journal of Law and Political Economy, forthcoming 2024, https://hal.science/hal-04431595/]

climate change litigation is fundamentally anti-systemic ( a different issue from progressive or conservative I will clarify what this statement does not imply I do not advance that  these judgements have a redistributive effect  I do not argue that these decisions constitute some kind of anticapitalist agenda I do not mean that these judgements can transform the system even though climate change litigation is anti-systemic , it presents a biased Eurocentric perspective fails to account for the most affected The narrative according to which the plaintiffs (and judgments) pursue the general interest can be questioned For instance , in Milieudefensie refusal to take into account the interests beyond those of the Netherlands denies a voice to those most affected French climate litigation does not take into account the French Outre-mer. Moreover , this litigation  claims mainly mitigation while the Global South necessitates reparation These cases suffer from a post-colonial mentality also in the choice of the threshold These are major shortcomings , because litigating before courts in the Global North creates a hierarchy of interests taken into account. affording the climate issue does not involve, fighting racial injustices. sacrifice zones are created through green transition extraction raw materials legal mechanisms have been fundamental for the development of racial capitalism these shortcomings help recall climate change litigation is not the best place to address climate the partial hindering of a segment of the process of accumulation does not involve racial justices . the simple presence of law colliding with the rationale of capital accumulation does not make an entire system anticapitalist .


Question: Riccardo Fornasari

Litigation before the courts is not an effective political maneuver, but their capacity to frame it as such reveals a counterinsurgent thread that runs through their imagination of the aff and research project.

1AC Fornasari 24, recut to say what the author ACTUALLY meant! [Riccardo Fornasari, temporary teaching and research associate at Paris Nanterre University, former post-doc researcher at University of Bologna, PhD private law, University of Bologna and University of Paris Nanterre, LLM Dickson Poon School of Law, King’s College London, “The legal form of climate change litigation,” Journal of Law and Political Economy, forthcoming 2024, https://hal.science/hal-04431595/]

climate change litigation is fundamentally anti-systemic ( a different issue from progressive or conservative I will clarify what this statement does not imply I do not advance that  these judgements have a redistributive effect  I do not argue that these decisions constitute some kind of anticapitalist agenda I do not mean that these judgements can transform the system even though climate change litigation is anti-systemic , it presents a biased Eurocentric perspective fails to account for the most affected The narrative according to which the plaintiffs (and judgments) pursue the general interest can be questioned For instance , in Milieudefensie refusal to take into account the interests beyond those of the Netherlands denies a voice to those most affected French climate litigation does not take into account the French Outre-mer. Moreover , this litigation  claims mainly mitigation while the Global South necessitates reparation These cases suffer from a post-colonial mentality also in the choice of the threshold These are major shortcomings , because litigating before courts in the Global North creates a hierarchy of interests taken into account. affording the climate issue does not involve, fighting racial injustices. sacrifice zones are created through green transition extraction raw materials legal mechanisms have been fundamental for the development of racial capitalism these shortcomings help recall climate change litigation is not the best place to address climate the partial hindering of a segment of the process of accumulation does not involve racial justices . the simple presence of law colliding with the rationale of capital accumulation does not make an entire system anticapitalist .


Question: climate change litigation antisystemic

Litigation before the courts is not an effective political maneuver, but their capacity to frame it as such reveals a counterinsurgent thread that runs through their imagination of the aff and research project.

1AC Fornasari 24, recut to say what the author ACTUALLY meant! [Riccardo Fornasari, temporary teaching and research associate at Paris Nanterre University, former post-doc researcher at University of Bologna, PhD private law, University of Bologna and University of Paris Nanterre, LLM Dickson Poon School of Law, King’s College London, “The legal form of climate change litigation,” Journal of Law and Political Economy, forthcoming 2024, https://hal.science/hal-04431595/]

climate change litigation is fundamentally anti-systemic ( a different issue from progressive or conservative I will clarify what this statement does not imply I do not advance that  these judgements have a redistributive effect  I do not argue that these decisions constitute some kind of anticapitalist agenda I do not mean that these judgements can transform the system even though climate change litigation is anti-systemic , it presents a biased Eurocentric perspective fails to account for the most affected The narrative according to which the plaintiffs (and judgments) pursue the general interest can be questioned For instance , in Milieudefensie refusal to take into account the interests beyond those of the Netherlands denies a voice to those most affected French climate litigation does not take into account the French Outre-mer. Moreover , this litigation  claims mainly mitigation while the Global South necessitates reparation These cases suffer from a post-colonial mentality also in the choice of the threshold These are major shortcomings , because litigating before courts in the Global North creates a hierarchy of interests taken into account. affording the climate issue does not involve, fighting racial injustices. sacrifice zones are created through green transition extraction raw materials legal mechanisms have been fundamental for the development of racial capitalism these shortcomings help recall climate change litigation is not the best place to address climate the partial hindering of a segment of the process of accumulation does not involve racial justices . the simple presence of law colliding with the rationale of capital accumulation does not make an entire system anticapitalist .


Question: Eurocentric perspective

Litigation before the courts is not an effective political maneuver, but their capacity to frame it as such reveals a counterinsurgent thread that runs through their imagination of the aff and research project.

1AC Fornasari 24, recut to say what the author ACTUALLY meant! [Riccardo Fornasari, temporary teaching and research associate at Paris Nanterre University, former post-doc researcher at University of Bologna, PhD private law, University of Bologna and University of Paris Nanterre, LLM Dickson Poon School of Law, King’s College London, “The legal form of climate change litigation,” Journal of Law and Political Economy, forthcoming 2024, https://hal.science/hal-04431595/]

climate change litigation is fundamentally anti-systemic ( a different issue from progressive or conservative I will clarify what this statement does not imply I do not advance that  these judgements have a redistributive effect  I do not argue that these decisions constitute some kind of anticapitalist agenda I do not mean that these judgements can transform the system even though climate change litigation is anti-systemic , it presents a biased Eurocentric perspective fails to account for the most affected The narrative according to which the plaintiffs (and judgments) pursue the general interest can be questioned For instance , in Milieudefensie refusal to take into account the interests beyond those of the Netherlands denies a voice to those most affected French climate litigation does not take into account the French Outre-mer. Moreover , this litigation  claims mainly mitigation while the Global South necessitates reparation These cases suffer from a post-colonial mentality also in the choice of the threshold These are major shortcomings , because litigating before courts in the Global North creates a hierarchy of interests taken into account. affording the climate issue does not involve, fighting racial injustices. sacrifice zones are created through green transition extraction raw materials legal mechanisms have been fundamental for the development of racial capitalism these shortcomings help recall climate change litigation is not the best place to address climate the partial hindering of a segment of the process of accumulation does not involve racial justices . the simple presence of law colliding with the rationale of capital accumulation does not make an entire system anticapitalist .


Question: post colonial mentality

Litigation before the courts is not an effective political maneuver, but their capacity to frame it as such reveals a counterinsurgent thread that runs through their imagination of the aff and research project.

1AC Fornasari 24, recut to say what the author ACTUALLY meant! [Riccardo Fornasari, temporary teaching and research associate at Paris Nanterre University, former post-doc researcher at University of Bologna, PhD private law, University of Bologna and University of Paris Nanterre, LLM Dickson Poon School of Law, King’s College London, “The legal form of climate change litigation,” Journal of Law and Political Economy, forthcoming 2024, https://hal.science/hal-04431595/]

climate change litigation is fundamentally anti-systemic ( a different issue from progressive or conservative I will clarify what this statement does not imply I do not advance that  these judgements have a redistributive effect  I do not argue that these decisions constitute some kind of anticapitalist agenda I do not mean that these judgements can transform the system even though climate change litigation is anti-systemic , it presents a biased Eurocentric perspective fails to account for the most affected The narrative according to which the plaintiffs (and judgments) pursue the general interest can be questioned For instance , in Milieudefensie refusal to take into account the interests beyond those of the Netherlands denies a voice to those most affected French climate litigation does not take into account the French Outre-mer. Moreover , this litigation  claims mainly mitigation while the Global South necessitates reparation These cases suffer from a post-colonial mentality also in the choice of the threshold These are major shortcomings , because litigating before courts in the Global North creates a hierarchy of interests taken into account. affording the climate issue does not involve, fighting racial injustices. sacrifice zones are created through green transition extraction raw materials legal mechanisms have been fundamental for the development of racial capitalism these shortcomings help recall climate change litigation is not the best place to address climate the partial hindering of a segment of the process of accumulation does not involve racial justices . the simple presence of law colliding with the rationale of capital accumulation does not make an entire system anticapitalist .


Question: climate litigation shortcomings

Litigation before the courts is not an effective political maneuver, but their capacity to frame it as such reveals a counterinsurgent thread that runs through their imagination of the aff and research project.

1AC Fornasari 24, recut to say what the author ACTUALLY meant! [Riccardo Fornasari, temporary teaching and research associate at Paris Nanterre University, former post-doc researcher at University of Bologna, PhD private law, University of Bologna and University of Paris Nanterre, LLM Dickson Poon School of Law, King’s College London, “The legal form of climate change litigation,” Journal of Law and Political Economy, forthcoming 2024, https://hal.science/hal-04431595/]

climate change litigation is fundamentally anti-systemic ( a different issue from progressive or conservative I will clarify what this statement does not imply I do not advance that  these judgements have a redistributive effect  I do not argue that these decisions constitute some kind of anticapitalist agenda I do not mean that these judgements can transform the system even though climate change litigation is anti-systemic , it presents a biased Eurocentric perspective fails to account for the most affected The narrative according to which the plaintiffs (and judgments) pursue the general interest can be questioned For instance , in Milieudefensie refusal to take into account the interests beyond those of the Netherlands denies a voice to those most affected French climate litigation does not take into account the French Outre-mer. Moreover , this litigation  claims mainly mitigation while the Global South necessitates reparation These cases suffer from a post-colonial mentality also in the choice of the threshold These are major shortcomings , because litigating before courts in the Global North creates a hierarchy of interests taken into account. affording the climate issue does not involve, fighting racial injustices. sacrifice zones are created through green transition extraction raw materials legal mechanisms have been fundamental for the development of racial capitalism these shortcomings help recall climate change litigation is not the best place to address climate the partial hindering of a segment of the process of accumulation does not involve racial justices . the simple presence of law colliding with the rationale of capital accumulation does not make an entire system anticapitalist .


Question: Jump black anarchism

JUMP!

Sam C. Tenorio ’24 (he/they) is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at Penn State University. He received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in African American Studies, with a subfield in Political Theory, from Northwestern University and a B.A. in History and Women’s Studies, “Jump Black Anarchism and Antiblack Carcerality”, 2024 NYU Press, https://nyupress.org/9781479828296/jump/, pp. 7-8, DA: 9/20/24, DMurph

hidden anti- political logic of antiblackness anti-political logic antiblackness demonizes and polices Black life to “the desires and ideals of white hegemony The jump upends and interrupts narrative obfuscations preserve the horizons of Western liberal democratic traditions anti - pre-figuration unburdened by our imagined horizons Rather  than altogether dissimilar enslaved who jump slave ship orient roots of Black freedom he rejects its socio-spatial arrangement and leaps expansive critical reimagination jump of enslaved women liberation cannot known from within the confines of antiblackness be free see horizon


Question: Sam C. Tenorio Jump

JUMP!

Sam C. Tenorio ’24 (he/they) is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at Penn State University. He received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in African American Studies, with a subfield in Political Theory, from Northwestern University and a B.A. in History and Women’s Studies, “Jump Black Anarchism and Antiblack Carcerality”, 2024 NYU Press, https://nyupress.org/9781479828296/jump/, pp. 7-8, DA: 9/20/24, DMurph

hidden anti- political logic of antiblackness anti-political logic antiblackness demonizes and polices Black life to “the desires and ideals of white hegemony The jump upends and interrupts narrative obfuscations preserve the horizons of Western liberal democratic traditions anti - pre-figuration unburdened by our imagined horizons Rather  than altogether dissimilar enslaved who jump slave ship orient roots of Black freedom he rejects its socio-spatial arrangement and leaps expansive critical reimagination jump of enslaved women liberation cannot known from within the confines of antiblackness be free see horizon


Question: Tenorio 2024

JUMP!

Sam C. Tenorio ’24 (he/they) is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at Penn State University. He received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in African American Studies, with a subfield in Political Theory, from Northwestern University and a B.A. in History and Women’s Studies, “Jump Black Anarchism and Antiblack Carcerality”, 2024 NYU Press, https://nyupress.org/9781479828296/jump/, pp. 7-8, DA: 9/20/24, DMurph

hidden anti- political logic of antiblackness anti-political logic antiblackness demonizes and polices Black life to “the desires and ideals of white hegemony The jump upends and interrupts narrative obfuscations preserve the horizons of Western liberal democratic traditions anti - pre-figuration unburdened by our imagined horizons Rather  than altogether dissimilar enslaved who jump slave ship orient roots of Black freedom he rejects its socio-spatial arrangement and leaps expansive critical reimagination jump of enslaved women liberation cannot known from within the confines of antiblackness be free see horizon


Question: Jump upends western traditions

JUMP!

Sam C. Tenorio ’24 (he/they) is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at Penn State University. He received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in African American Studies, with a subfield in Political Theory, from Northwestern University and a B.A. in History and Women’s Studies, “Jump Black Anarchism and Antiblack Carcerality”, 2024 NYU Press, https://nyupress.org/9781479828296/jump/, pp. 7-8, DA: 9/20/24, DMurph

hidden anti- political logic of antiblackness anti-political logic antiblackness demonizes and polices Black life to “the desires and ideals of white hegemony The jump upends and interrupts narrative obfuscations preserve the horizons of Western liberal democratic traditions anti - pre-figuration unburdened by our imagined horizons Rather  than altogether dissimilar enslaved who jump slave ship orient roots of Black freedom he rejects its socio-spatial arrangement and leaps expansive critical reimagination jump of enslaved women liberation cannot known from within the confines of antiblackness be free see horizon


Question: Black freedom antiblackness

JUMP!

Sam C. Tenorio ’24 (he/they) is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at Penn State University. He received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in African American Studies, with a subfield in Political Theory, from Northwestern University and a B.A. in History and Women’s Studies, “Jump Black Anarchism and Antiblack Carcerality”, 2024 NYU Press, https://nyupress.org/9781479828296/jump/, pp. 7-8, DA: 9/20/24, DMurph

hidden anti- political logic of antiblackness anti-political logic antiblackness demonizes and polices Black life to “the desires and ideals of white hegemony The jump upends and interrupts narrative obfuscations preserve the horizons of Western liberal democratic traditions anti - pre-figuration unburdened by our imagined horizons Rather  than altogether dissimilar enslaved who jump slave ship orient roots of Black freedom he rejects its socio-spatial arrangement and leaps expansive critical reimagination jump of enslaved women liberation cannot known from within the confines of antiblackness be free see horizon


Question: Jump anti-political logic

JUMP!

Sam C. Tenorio ’24 (he/they) is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at Penn State University. He received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in African American Studies, with a subfield in Political Theory, from Northwestern University and a B.A. in History and Women’s Studies, “Jump Black Anarchism and Antiblack Carcerality”, 2024 NYU Press, https://nyupress.org/9781479828296/jump/, pp. 7-8, DA: 9/20/24, DMurph

hidden anti- political logic of antiblackness anti-political logic antiblackness demonizes and polices Black life to “the desires and ideals of white hegemony The jump upends and interrupts narrative obfuscations preserve the horizons of Western liberal democratic traditions anti - pre-figuration unburdened by our imagined horizons Rather  than altogether dissimilar enslaved who jump slave ship orient roots of Black freedom he rejects its socio-spatial arrangement and leaps expansive critical reimagination jump of enslaved women liberation cannot known from within the confines of antiblackness be free see horizon


Question: Black anarchism and antiblack carcerality

JUMP!

Sam C. Tenorio ’24 (he/they) is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at Penn State University. He received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in African American Studies, with a subfield in Political Theory, from Northwestern University and a B.A. in History and Women’s Studies, “Jump Black Anarchism and Antiblack Carcerality”, 2024 NYU Press, https://nyupress.org/9781479828296/jump/, pp. 7-8, DA: 9/20/24, DMurph

hidden anti- political logic of antiblackness anti-political logic antiblackness demonizes and polices Black life to “the desires and ideals of white hegemony The jump upends and interrupts narrative obfuscations preserve the horizons of Western liberal democratic traditions anti - pre-figuration unburdened by our imagined horizons Rather  than altogether dissimilar enslaved who jump slave ship orient roots of Black freedom he rejects its socio-spatial arrangement and leaps expansive critical reimagination jump of enslaved women liberation cannot known from within the confines of antiblackness be free see horizon


Question: jump of enslaved women liberation

JUMP!

Sam C. Tenorio ’24 (he/they) is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at Penn State University. He received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in African American Studies, with a subfield in Political Theory, from Northwestern University and a B.A. in History and Women’s Studies, “Jump Black Anarchism and Antiblack Carcerality”, 2024 NYU Press, https://nyupress.org/9781479828296/jump/, pp. 7-8, DA: 9/20/24, DMurph

hidden anti- political logic of antiblackness anti-political logic antiblackness demonizes and polices Black life to “the desires and ideals of white hegemony The jump upends and interrupts narrative obfuscations preserve the horizons of Western liberal democratic traditions anti - pre-figuration unburdened by our imagined horizons Rather  than altogether dissimilar enslaved who jump slave ship orient roots of Black freedom he rejects its socio-spatial arrangement and leaps expansive critical reimagination jump of enslaved women liberation cannot known from within the confines of antiblackness be free see horizon


Question: 538 forecasting Harris win chances

That’s consistent with 538 forecasting – their model has Harris win chances at 55%

538 9-12 [538 uses statistical analysis — hard numbers — to tell compelling stories about elections, politics, economics, and American society, ABC News, 9-12-2024 https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2024-election-forecast/]

538 uses polling , economic and demographic data to explore likely outcomes Harris wins 55 times out of 100 in simulations


Question: 538 9-12

That’s consistent with 538 forecasting – their model has Harris win chances at 55%

538 9-12 [538 uses statistical analysis — hard numbers — to tell compelling stories about elections, politics, economics, and American society, ABC News, 9-12-2024 https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2024-election-forecast/]

538 uses polling , economic and demographic data to explore likely outcomes Harris wins 55 times out of 100 in simulations


Question: 538 election forecasting

That’s consistent with 538 forecasting – their model has Harris win chances at 55%

538 9-12 [538 uses statistical analysis — hard numbers — to tell compelling stories about elections, politics, economics, and American society, ABC News, 9-12-2024 https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2024-election-forecast/]

538 uses polling , economic and demographic data to explore likely outcomes Harris wins 55 times out of 100 in simulations


Question: Harris wins 55 percent 538

That’s consistent with 538 forecasting – their model has Harris win chances at 55%

538 9-12 [538 uses statistical analysis — hard numbers — to tell compelling stories about elections, politics, economics, and American society, ABC News, 9-12-2024 https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2024-election-forecast/]

538 uses polling , economic and demographic data to explore likely outcomes Harris wins 55 times out of 100 in simulations


Question: 538 statistical analysis elections

That’s consistent with 538 forecasting – their model has Harris win chances at 55%

538 9-12 [538 uses statistical analysis — hard numbers — to tell compelling stories about elections, politics, economics, and American society, ABC News, 9-12-2024 https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2024-election-forecast/]

538 uses polling , economic and demographic data to explore likely outcomes Harris wins 55 times out of 100 in simulations


Question: polling economic demographic data

That’s consistent with 538 forecasting – their model has Harris win chances at 55%

538 9-12 [538 uses statistical analysis — hard numbers — to tell compelling stories about elections, politics, economics, and American society, ABC News, 9-12-2024 https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2024-election-forecast/]

538 uses polling , economic and demographic data to explore likely outcomes Harris wins 55 times out of 100 in simulations


Question: 538 model Harris win

That’s consistent with 538 forecasting – their model has Harris win chances at 55%

538 9-12 [538 uses statistical analysis — hard numbers — to tell compelling stories about elections, politics, economics, and American society, ABC News, 9-12-2024 https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2024-election-forecast/]

538 uses polling , economic and demographic data to explore likely outcomes Harris wins 55 times out of 100 in simulations


Question: wetland degradation is existential

Wetland degradation is existential.

Urrego ’20 [Martha; January 31; Secretary General of the Ramsar Convention; World Economic Forum, “Why We Need Wetlands,” https://www.weforum.org/stories/2020/01/wetlands-nature-preservation-ecology-biodiversity/]

All planet depend on healthy ecosystems for air , water , and food regulate climate and provide raw resources on which econ s and lives depend collapse is an existential threat wetlands are most valuable provide $47 trillion clean and store water . At time wh water conflict rise major source of fish and rice tackle hunger poverty and food security most effective carbon sinks play central role in climate


Question: Urrego 2020

Wetland degradation is existential.

Urrego ’20 [Martha; January 31; Secretary General of the Ramsar Convention; World Economic Forum, “Why We Need Wetlands,” https://www.weforum.org/stories/2020/01/wetlands-nature-preservation-ecology-biodiversity/]

All planet depend on healthy ecosystems for air , water , and food regulate climate and provide raw resources on which econ s and lives depend collapse is an existential threat wetlands are most valuable provide $47 trillion clean and store water . At time wh water conflict rise major source of fish and rice tackle hunger poverty and food security most effective carbon sinks play central role in climate


Question: Martha Urrego

Wetland degradation is existential.

Urrego ’20 [Martha; January 31; Secretary General of the Ramsar Convention; World Economic Forum, “Why We Need Wetlands,” https://www.weforum.org/stories/2020/01/wetlands-nature-preservation-ecology-biodiversity/]

All planet depend on healthy ecosystems for air , water , and food regulate climate and provide raw resources on which econ s and lives depend collapse is an existential threat wetlands are most valuable provide $47 trillion clean and store water . At time wh water conflict rise major source of fish and rice tackle hunger poverty and food security most effective carbon sinks play central role in climate


Question: wetlands clean and store water

Wetland degradation is existential.

Urrego ’20 [Martha; January 31; Secretary General of the Ramsar Convention; World Economic Forum, “Why We Need Wetlands,” https://www.weforum.org/stories/2020/01/wetlands-nature-preservation-ecology-biodiversity/]

All planet depend on healthy ecosystems for air , water , and food regulate climate and provide raw resources on which econ s and lives depend collapse is an existential threat wetlands are most valuable provide $47 trillion clean and store water . At time wh water conflict rise major source of fish and rice tackle hunger poverty and food security most effective carbon sinks play central role in climate


Question: wetlands are most valuable

Wetland degradation is existential.

Urrego ’20 [Martha; January 31; Secretary General of the Ramsar Convention; World Economic Forum, “Why We Need Wetlands,” https://www.weforum.org/stories/2020/01/wetlands-nature-preservation-ecology-biodiversity/]

All planet depend on healthy ecosystems for air , water , and food regulate climate and provide raw resources on which econ s and lives depend collapse is an existential threat wetlands are most valuable provide $47 trillion clean and store water . At time wh water conflict rise major source of fish and rice tackle hunger poverty and food security most effective carbon sinks play central role in climate


Question: wetlands existential threat

Wetland degradation is existential.

Urrego ’20 [Martha; January 31; Secretary General of the Ramsar Convention; World Economic Forum, “Why We Need Wetlands,” https://www.weforum.org/stories/2020/01/wetlands-nature-preservation-ecology-biodiversity/]

All planet depend on healthy ecosystems for air , water , and food regulate climate and provide raw resources on which econ s and lives depend collapse is an existential threat wetlands are most valuable provide $47 trillion clean and store water . At time wh water conflict rise major source of fish and rice tackle hunger poverty and food security most effective carbon sinks play central role in climate


Question: wetlands tackle hunger

Wetland degradation is existential.

Urrego ’20 [Martha; January 31; Secretary General of the Ramsar Convention; World Economic Forum, “Why We Need Wetlands,” https://www.weforum.org/stories/2020/01/wetlands-nature-preservation-ecology-biodiversity/]

All planet depend on healthy ecosystems for air , water , and food regulate climate and provide raw resources on which econ s and lives depend collapse is an existential threat wetlands are most valuable provide $47 trillion clean and store water . At time wh water conflict rise major source of fish and rice tackle hunger poverty and food security most effective carbon sinks play central role in climate


Question: Policy formulation not concerned with change

Policy formulation is not concerned with policy change itself---merely with how policies are constructed

Katarina Hansson-Forman 21, PhD student at the Department of Political Science, Umeå University; et al., 2021, “A view through the lens of policy formulation: the struggle to formulate Swedish moose policy,” Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 23(4), pp. 528-542

Policy formulation refers to how problems transform into government programs In contrast to policy reform policy formulation does not concern policy change , but rather how policy is constructed Policy-making is creating implementing mixes of instruments mixes and various parts are and can be sequenced elements of policy need not be adopted all at once recent work on policy design ignored the temporal dimension of mixes This ignores important issue of intentional sequencing of tools as part of mix design


Question: policy formulation definition

Policy formulation is not concerned with policy change itself---merely with how policies are constructed

Katarina Hansson-Forman 21, PhD student at the Department of Political Science, Umeå University; et al., 2021, “A view through the lens of policy formulation: the struggle to formulate Swedish moose policy,” Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 23(4), pp. 528-542

Policy formulation refers to how problems transform into government programs In contrast to policy reform policy formulation does not concern policy change , but rather how policy is constructed Policy-making is creating implementing mixes of instruments mixes and various parts are and can be sequenced elements of policy need not be adopted all at once recent work on policy design ignored the temporal dimension of mixes This ignores important issue of intentional sequencing of tools as part of mix design


Question: Hansson-Forman policy formulation

Policy formulation is not concerned with policy change itself---merely with how policies are constructed

Katarina Hansson-Forman 21, PhD student at the Department of Political Science, Umeå University; et al., 2021, “A view through the lens of policy formulation: the struggle to formulate Swedish moose policy,” Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 23(4), pp. 528-542

Policy formulation refers to how problems transform into government programs In contrast to policy reform policy formulation does not concern policy change , but rather how policy is constructed Policy-making is creating implementing mixes of instruments mixes and various parts are and can be sequenced elements of policy need not be adopted all at once recent work on policy design ignored the temporal dimension of mixes This ignores important issue of intentional sequencing of tools as part of mix design


Question: how policy is constructed

Policy formulation is not concerned with policy change itself---merely with how policies are constructed

Katarina Hansson-Forman 21, PhD student at the Department of Political Science, Umeå University; et al., 2021, “A view through the lens of policy formulation: the struggle to formulate Swedish moose policy,” Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 23(4), pp. 528-542

Policy formulation refers to how problems transform into government programs In contrast to policy reform policy formulation does not concern policy change , but rather how policy is constructed Policy-making is creating implementing mixes of instruments mixes and various parts are and can be sequenced elements of policy need not be adopted all at once recent work on policy design ignored the temporal dimension of mixes This ignores important issue of intentional sequencing of tools as part of mix design


Question: policy change versus policy formulation

Policy formulation is not concerned with policy change itself---merely with how policies are constructed

Katarina Hansson-Forman 21, PhD student at the Department of Political Science, Umeå University; et al., 2021, “A view through the lens of policy formulation: the struggle to formulate Swedish moose policy,” Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 23(4), pp. 528-542

Policy formulation refers to how problems transform into government programs In contrast to policy reform policy formulation does not concern policy change , but rather how policy is constructed Policy-making is creating implementing mixes of instruments mixes and various parts are and can be sequenced elements of policy need not be adopted all at once recent work on policy design ignored the temporal dimension of mixes This ignores important issue of intentional sequencing of tools as part of mix design


Question: policy formulation government programs

Policy formulation is not concerned with policy change itself---merely with how policies are constructed

Katarina Hansson-Forman 21, PhD student at the Department of Political Science, Umeå University; et al., 2021, “A view through the lens of policy formulation: the struggle to formulate Swedish moose policy,” Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 23(4), pp. 528-542

Policy formulation refers to how problems transform into government programs In contrast to policy reform policy formulation does not concern policy change , but rather how policy is constructed Policy-making is creating implementing mixes of instruments mixes and various parts are and can be sequenced elements of policy need not be adopted all at once recent work on policy design ignored the temporal dimension of mixes This ignores important issue of intentional sequencing of tools as part of mix design


Question: Harris links to carbon tax

5 -- Harris already links to carbon tax perceptions

Mike Copage, 8-6-2024, , head of the climate and security policy centre  "What would a Harris presidency mean for US foreign policy and Australia?", Strategist, https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/what-would-a-harris-presidency-mean-for-us-foreign-policy-and-australia/

, a Harris administration is unlikely to depart much from Biden If anything, Harris appears more ambitious on climate and pitched a carbon tax in her 2020 platform her record and messaging on environmental justice suggest a strengthened focus on climate change


Question: Mike Copage 2024

5 -- Harris already links to carbon tax perceptions

Mike Copage, 8-6-2024, , head of the climate and security policy centre  "What would a Harris presidency mean for US foreign policy and Australia?", Strategist, https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/what-would-a-harris-presidency-mean-for-us-foreign-policy-and-australia/

, a Harris administration is unlikely to depart much from Biden If anything, Harris appears more ambitious on climate and pitched a carbon tax in her 2020 platform her record and messaging on environmental justice suggest a strengthened focus on climate change


Question: Harris presidency climate

5 -- Harris already links to carbon tax perceptions

Mike Copage, 8-6-2024, , head of the climate and security policy centre  "What would a Harris presidency mean for US foreign policy and Australia?", Strategist, https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/what-would-a-harris-presidency-mean-for-us-foreign-policy-and-australia/

, a Harris administration is unlikely to depart much from Biden If anything, Harris appears more ambitious on climate and pitched a carbon tax in her 2020 platform her record and messaging on environmental justice suggest a strengthened focus on climate change


Question: Harris carbon tax 2020

5 -- Harris already links to carbon tax perceptions

Mike Copage, 8-6-2024, , head of the climate and security policy centre  "What would a Harris presidency mean for US foreign policy and Australia?", Strategist, https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/what-would-a-harris-presidency-mean-for-us-foreign-policy-and-australia/

, a Harris administration is unlikely to depart much from Biden If anything, Harris appears more ambitious on climate and pitched a carbon tax in her 2020 platform her record and messaging on environmental justice suggest a strengthened focus on climate change


Question: environmental justice Harris

5 -- Harris already links to carbon tax perceptions

Mike Copage, 8-6-2024, , head of the climate and security policy centre  "What would a Harris presidency mean for US foreign policy and Australia?", Strategist, https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/what-would-a-harris-presidency-mean-for-us-foreign-policy-and-australia/

, a Harris administration is unlikely to depart much from Biden If anything, Harris appears more ambitious on climate and pitched a carbon tax in her 2020 platform her record and messaging on environmental justice suggest a strengthened focus on climate change


Question: Harris more ambitious on climate

5 -- Harris already links to carbon tax perceptions

Mike Copage, 8-6-2024, , head of the climate and security policy centre  "What would a Harris presidency mean for US foreign policy and Australia?", Strategist, https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/what-would-a-harris-presidency-mean-for-us-foreign-policy-and-australia/

, a Harris administration is unlikely to depart much from Biden If anything, Harris appears more ambitious on climate and pitched a carbon tax in her 2020 platform her record and messaging on environmental justice suggest a strengthened focus on climate change


Question: Harris climate change focus

5 -- Harris already links to carbon tax perceptions

Mike Copage, 8-6-2024, , head of the climate and security policy centre  "What would a Harris presidency mean for US foreign policy and Australia?", Strategist, https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/what-would-a-harris-presidency-mean-for-us-foreign-policy-and-australia/

, a Harris administration is unlikely to depart much from Biden If anything, Harris appears more ambitious on climate and pitched a carbon tax in her 2020 platform her record and messaging on environmental justice suggest a strengthened focus on climate change


Question: Harris running from climate policy

Harris is running from liberal climate policy. That’s key to attract the few hundred thousand votes that actually matter.

Gongloff 8-12-2024, Bloomberg Opinion editor and columnist covering climate change, previously worked for Fortune.com, the Huffington Post and the Wall Street Journal. (Mark, Bloomberg, https://archive.ph/Shb9s#selection-1391.0-1410.0)

Why Doesn’t Harris Talk About Climate Change? climate You won’t hear much about it Politicians want votes don’t talk about climate change Harris doesn’t mention it This reticence is notable elections aren’t decided by popular majorities Thanks to the Electoral College the White House is chosen by a couple of football stadiums’ worth of voters in a handful of states the tipping-point is Pennsylvania which happens to be a significant producer of natural gas and coal


Question: Gongloff 8-12-2024

Harris is running from liberal climate policy. That’s key to attract the few hundred thousand votes that actually matter.

Gongloff 8-12-2024, Bloomberg Opinion editor and columnist covering climate change, previously worked for Fortune.com, the Huffington Post and the Wall Street Journal. (Mark, Bloomberg, https://archive.ph/Shb9s#selection-1391.0-1410.0)

Why Doesn’t Harris Talk About Climate Change? climate You won’t hear much about it Politicians want votes don’t talk about climate change Harris doesn’t mention it This reticence is notable elections aren’t decided by popular majorities Thanks to the Electoral College the White House is chosen by a couple of football stadiums’ worth of voters in a handful of states the tipping-point is Pennsylvania which happens to be a significant producer of natural gas and coal


Question: Harris climate change

Harris is running from liberal climate policy. That’s key to attract the few hundred thousand votes that actually matter.

Gongloff 8-12-2024, Bloomberg Opinion editor and columnist covering climate change, previously worked for Fortune.com, the Huffington Post and the Wall Street Journal. (Mark, Bloomberg, https://archive.ph/Shb9s#selection-1391.0-1410.0)

Why Doesn’t Harris Talk About Climate Change? climate You won’t hear much about it Politicians want votes don’t talk about climate change Harris doesn’t mention it This reticence is notable elections aren’t decided by popular majorities Thanks to the Electoral College the White House is chosen by a couple of football stadiums’ worth of voters in a handful of states the tipping-point is Pennsylvania which happens to be a significant producer of natural gas and coal


Question: climate change and Pennsylvania

Harris is running from liberal climate policy. That’s key to attract the few hundred thousand votes that actually matter.

Gongloff 8-12-2024, Bloomberg Opinion editor and columnist covering climate change, previously worked for Fortune.com, the Huffington Post and the Wall Street Journal. (Mark, Bloomberg, https://archive.ph/Shb9s#selection-1391.0-1410.0)

Why Doesn’t Harris Talk About Climate Change? climate You won’t hear much about it Politicians want votes don’t talk about climate change Harris doesn’t mention it This reticence is notable elections aren’t decided by popular majorities Thanks to the Electoral College the White House is chosen by a couple of football stadiums’ worth of voters in a handful of states the tipping-point is Pennsylvania which happens to be a significant producer of natural gas and coal


Question: electoral college climate change

Harris is running from liberal climate policy. That’s key to attract the few hundred thousand votes that actually matter.

Gongloff 8-12-2024, Bloomberg Opinion editor and columnist covering climate change, previously worked for Fortune.com, the Huffington Post and the Wall Street Journal. (Mark, Bloomberg, https://archive.ph/Shb9s#selection-1391.0-1410.0)

Why Doesn’t Harris Talk About Climate Change? climate You won’t hear much about it Politicians want votes don’t talk about climate change Harris doesn’t mention it This reticence is notable elections aren’t decided by popular majorities Thanks to the Electoral College the White House is chosen by a couple of football stadiums’ worth of voters in a handful of states the tipping-point is Pennsylvania which happens to be a significant producer of natural gas and coal


Question: politicians want votes climate

Harris is running from liberal climate policy. That’s key to attract the few hundred thousand votes that actually matter.

Gongloff 8-12-2024, Bloomberg Opinion editor and columnist covering climate change, previously worked for Fortune.com, the Huffington Post and the Wall Street Journal. (Mark, Bloomberg, https://archive.ph/Shb9s#selection-1391.0-1410.0)

Why Doesn’t Harris Talk About Climate Change? climate You won’t hear much about it Politicians want votes don’t talk about climate change Harris doesn’t mention it This reticence is notable elections aren’t decided by popular majorities Thanks to the Electoral College the White House is chosen by a couple of football stadiums’ worth of voters in a handful of states the tipping-point is Pennsylvania which happens to be a significant producer of natural gas and coal


Question: Harris doesn't mention climate

Harris is running from liberal climate policy. That’s key to attract the few hundred thousand votes that actually matter.

Gongloff 8-12-2024, Bloomberg Opinion editor and columnist covering climate change, previously worked for Fortune.com, the Huffington Post and the Wall Street Journal. (Mark, Bloomberg, https://archive.ph/Shb9s#selection-1391.0-1410.0)

Why Doesn’t Harris Talk About Climate Change? climate You won’t hear much about it Politicians want votes don’t talk about climate change Harris doesn’t mention it This reticence is notable elections aren’t decided by popular majorities Thanks to the Electoral College the White House is chosen by a couple of football stadiums’ worth of voters in a handful of states the tipping-point is Pennsylvania which happens to be a significant producer of natural gas and coal


Question: US emissions are a drop

US emissions are a drop in the bucket

Dayaratna et al. 22 – Chief Statistician, Data Scientist, and Senior Research Fellow in the Center for Data Analysis at The Heritage Foundation; Senior Policy Analyst at The Heritage Foundation; Senior Research Fellow in Labor Markets and Trade at The Heritage Foundation

all U.S. emissions would mitigate by less than 0.2 degrees Even if all other OECD economies eliminated the world increase would be mitigated by no more than 0.5 degrees


Question: Dayaratna et al 22

US emissions are a drop in the bucket

Dayaratna et al. 22 – Chief Statistician, Data Scientist, and Senior Research Fellow in the Center for Data Analysis at The Heritage Foundation; Senior Policy Analyst at The Heritage Foundation; Senior Research Fellow in Labor Markets and Trade at The Heritage Foundation

all U.S. emissions would mitigate by less than 0.2 degrees Even if all other OECD economies eliminated the world increase would be mitigated by no more than 0.5 degrees


Question: US emissions

US emissions are a drop in the bucket

Dayaratna et al. 22 – Chief Statistician, Data Scientist, and Senior Research Fellow in the Center for Data Analysis at The Heritage Foundation; Senior Policy Analyst at The Heritage Foundation; Senior Research Fellow in Labor Markets and Trade at The Heritage Foundation

all U.S. emissions would mitigate by less than 0.2 degrees Even if all other OECD economies eliminated the world increase would be mitigated by no more than 0.5 degrees


Question: US emissions small effect

US emissions are a drop in the bucket

Dayaratna et al. 22 – Chief Statistician, Data Scientist, and Senior Research Fellow in the Center for Data Analysis at The Heritage Foundation; Senior Policy Analyst at The Heritage Foundation; Senior Research Fellow in Labor Markets and Trade at The Heritage Foundation

all U.S. emissions would mitigate by less than 0.2 degrees Even if all other OECD economies eliminated the world increase would be mitigated by no more than 0.5 degrees


Question: OECD emissions

US emissions are a drop in the bucket

Dayaratna et al. 22 – Chief Statistician, Data Scientist, and Senior Research Fellow in the Center for Data Analysis at The Heritage Foundation; Senior Policy Analyst at The Heritage Foundation; Senior Research Fellow in Labor Markets and Trade at The Heritage Foundation

all U.S. emissions would mitigate by less than 0.2 degrees Even if all other OECD economies eliminated the world increase would be mitigated by no more than 0.5 degrees


Question: US emissions 0.2 degrees

US emissions are a drop in the bucket

Dayaratna et al. 22 – Chief Statistician, Data Scientist, and Senior Research Fellow in the Center for Data Analysis at The Heritage Foundation; Senior Policy Analyst at The Heritage Foundation; Senior Research Fellow in Labor Markets and Trade at The Heritage Foundation

all U.S. emissions would mitigate by less than 0.2 degrees Even if all other OECD economies eliminated the world increase would be mitigated by no more than 0.5 degrees


Question: Space resource extraction solves sustainability

Space resource extraction solves sustainability.

Whittington ’20 [Mark; November 22; writes frequently about space and politics, has published a political study of space exploration entitled Why is It So Hard to Go Back to the Moon and is published in the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, The Hill, USA Today, the LA Times, and the Washington Post, among other venues; The Hill, “How space exploration will help to address climate change,” https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/527058-how-space-exploration-will-help-to-address-climate-change/]

the solution will be to move extraction off planet a space- revolution the biggest sources of pollution would move off planet only space can avoid catastrophe Humankind must expand into space so the Earth can be preserved


Question: Whittington 20

Space resource extraction solves sustainability.

Whittington ’20 [Mark; November 22; writes frequently about space and politics, has published a political study of space exploration entitled Why is It So Hard to Go Back to the Moon and is published in the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, The Hill, USA Today, the LA Times, and the Washington Post, among other venues; The Hill, “How space exploration will help to address climate change,” https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/527058-how-space-exploration-will-help-to-address-climate-change/]

the solution will be to move extraction off planet a space- revolution the biggest sources of pollution would move off planet only space can avoid catastrophe Humankind must expand into space so the Earth can be preserved


Question: space exploration climate change

Space resource extraction solves sustainability.

Whittington ’20 [Mark; November 22; writes frequently about space and politics, has published a political study of space exploration entitled Why is It So Hard to Go Back to the Moon and is published in the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, The Hill, USA Today, the LA Times, and the Washington Post, among other venues; The Hill, “How space exploration will help to address climate change,” https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/527058-how-space-exploration-will-help-to-address-climate-change/]

the solution will be to move extraction off planet a space- revolution the biggest sources of pollution would move off planet only space can avoid catastrophe Humankind must expand into space so the Earth can be preserved


Question: Space revolution biggest sources of pollution

Space resource extraction solves sustainability.

Whittington ’20 [Mark; November 22; writes frequently about space and politics, has published a political study of space exploration entitled Why is It So Hard to Go Back to the Moon and is published in the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, The Hill, USA Today, the LA Times, and the Washington Post, among other venues; The Hill, “How space exploration will help to address climate change,” https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/527058-how-space-exploration-will-help-to-address-climate-change/]

the solution will be to move extraction off planet a space- revolution the biggest sources of pollution would move off planet only space can avoid catastrophe Humankind must expand into space so the Earth can be preserved


Question: move extraction off planet

Space resource extraction solves sustainability.

Whittington ’20 [Mark; November 22; writes frequently about space and politics, has published a political study of space exploration entitled Why is It So Hard to Go Back to the Moon and is published in the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, The Hill, USA Today, the LA Times, and the Washington Post, among other venues; The Hill, “How space exploration will help to address climate change,” https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/527058-how-space-exploration-will-help-to-address-climate-change/]

the solution will be to move extraction off planet a space- revolution the biggest sources of pollution would move off planet only space can avoid catastrophe Humankind must expand into space so the Earth can be preserved


Question: space exploration to address climate change

Space resource extraction solves sustainability.

Whittington ’20 [Mark; November 22; writes frequently about space and politics, has published a political study of space exploration entitled Why is It So Hard to Go Back to the Moon and is published in the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, The Hill, USA Today, the LA Times, and the Washington Post, among other venues; The Hill, “How space exploration will help to address climate change,” https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/527058-how-space-exploration-will-help-to-address-climate-change/]

the solution will be to move extraction off planet a space- revolution the biggest sources of pollution would move off planet only space can avoid catastrophe Humankind must expand into space so the Earth can be preserved


Question: Trump 2.0 causes extinction

Trump 2.0 causes extinction---great-power-wars, U.S. belligerency, AND trade collapse.

Feaver 24, PhD, Professor of Political Science. (Peter, 2-19-2024, “The Real Challenge of Trump 2.0,” Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/real-challenge-trump-20)

Trump 2.0 less likely to restrain worst impulses MAGA loyalists will be better positioned to enact radical changes he is running amid major hot wars in Europe Mid East Taiwan S C S Iran and No Ko and other crises . An unruly world demands leadership Trump would shred the trade regime he might conduct lethal strikes against Iran a Trump-led retreat could collapse of the order that has provided prosperity without great-power conflagration Putin might march on Kyiv return would result in extraordinary geopolitical instability and power vacuum


Question: Feaver 24

Trump 2.0 causes extinction---great-power-wars, U.S. belligerency, AND trade collapse.

Feaver 24, PhD, Professor of Political Science. (Peter, 2-19-2024, “The Real Challenge of Trump 2.0,” Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/real-challenge-trump-20)

Trump 2.0 less likely to restrain worst impulses MAGA loyalists will be better positioned to enact radical changes he is running amid major hot wars in Europe Mid East Taiwan S C S Iran and No Ko and other crises . An unruly world demands leadership Trump would shred the trade regime he might conduct lethal strikes against Iran a Trump-led retreat could collapse of the order that has provided prosperity without great-power conflagration Putin might march on Kyiv return would result in extraordinary geopolitical instability and power vacuum


Question: Trump 2.0 collapse order

Trump 2.0 causes extinction---great-power-wars, U.S. belligerency, AND trade collapse.

Feaver 24, PhD, Professor of Political Science. (Peter, 2-19-2024, “The Real Challenge of Trump 2.0,” Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/real-challenge-trump-20)

Trump 2.0 less likely to restrain worst impulses MAGA loyalists will be better positioned to enact radical changes he is running amid major hot wars in Europe Mid East Taiwan S C S Iran and No Ko and other crises . An unruly world demands leadership Trump would shred the trade regime he might conduct lethal strikes against Iran a Trump-led retreat could collapse of the order that has provided prosperity without great-power conflagration Putin might march on Kyiv return would result in extraordinary geopolitical instability and power vacuum


Question: Trump 2.0 great power wars

Trump 2.0 causes extinction---great-power-wars, U.S. belligerency, AND trade collapse.

Feaver 24, PhD, Professor of Political Science. (Peter, 2-19-2024, “The Real Challenge of Trump 2.0,” Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/real-challenge-trump-20)

Trump 2.0 less likely to restrain worst impulses MAGA loyalists will be better positioned to enact radical changes he is running amid major hot wars in Europe Mid East Taiwan S C S Iran and No Ko and other crises . An unruly world demands leadership Trump would shred the trade regime he might conduct lethal strikes against Iran a Trump-led retreat could collapse of the order that has provided prosperity without great-power conflagration Putin might march on Kyiv return would result in extraordinary geopolitical instability and power vacuum