Question: Lyons 24

US-China cold war goes nuclear.

Lyons 24 (, M. J. (2024) War with China: A View from Early 2024. https://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/SSI-Media/Recent-Publications/Display/Article/3738629/war-with-china-a-view-from-early-2024/ (Accessed: August 23, 2024). Marco J. Lyons is assistant chief of staff for plans at US Army Pacific in Hawaii. He is a 2021 Harvard University national security fellow, a 2020 Massachusetts Institute of Technology national security fellow, and a 2014 Naval Postgraduate School graduate. His articles on military strategy, land power, and operational concepts can be found at RealClearDefense.)-rahulpenu

conventional  military  balance in China’s favor deterrence will weaken escalation  dynamics become unpredictable To avoid losing the US will become more  dependent on capabilities Beijing will interpret as highly escalatory Washington pursue more horizontal and vertical escalation Beijing will have more and better options for using nuclear weapons to dominate the escalation  dynamic


Question: US china nuclear war

US-China cold war goes nuclear.

Lyons 24 (, M. J. (2024) War with China: A View from Early 2024. https://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/SSI-Media/Recent-Publications/Display/Article/3738629/war-with-china-a-view-from-early-2024/ (Accessed: August 23, 2024). Marco J. Lyons is assistant chief of staff for plans at US Army Pacific in Hawaii. He is a 2021 Harvard University national security fellow, a 2020 Massachusetts Institute of Technology national security fellow, and a 2014 Naval Postgraduate School graduate. His articles on military strategy, land power, and operational concepts can be found at RealClearDefense.)-rahulpenu

conventional  military  balance in China’s favor deterrence will weaken escalation  dynamics become unpredictable To avoid losing the US will become more  dependent on capabilities Beijing will interpret as highly escalatory Washington pursue more horizontal and vertical escalation Beijing will have more and better options for using nuclear weapons to dominate the escalation  dynamic


Question: deterrence will weaken

US-China cold war goes nuclear.

Lyons 24 (, M. J. (2024) War with China: A View from Early 2024. https://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/SSI-Media/Recent-Publications/Display/Article/3738629/war-with-china-a-view-from-early-2024/ (Accessed: August 23, 2024). Marco J. Lyons is assistant chief of staff for plans at US Army Pacific in Hawaii. He is a 2021 Harvard University national security fellow, a 2020 Massachusetts Institute of Technology national security fellow, and a 2014 Naval Postgraduate School graduate. His articles on military strategy, land power, and operational concepts can be found at RealClearDefense.)-rahulpenu

conventional  military  balance in China’s favor deterrence will weaken escalation  dynamics become unpredictable To avoid losing the US will become more  dependent on capabilities Beijing will interpret as highly escalatory Washington pursue more horizontal and vertical escalation Beijing will have more and better options for using nuclear weapons to dominate the escalation  dynamic


Question: escalation dynamics unpredictable

US-China cold war goes nuclear.

Lyons 24 (, M. J. (2024) War with China: A View from Early 2024. https://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/SSI-Media/Recent-Publications/Display/Article/3738629/war-with-china-a-view-from-early-2024/ (Accessed: August 23, 2024). Marco J. Lyons is assistant chief of staff for plans at US Army Pacific in Hawaii. He is a 2021 Harvard University national security fellow, a 2020 Massachusetts Institute of Technology national security fellow, and a 2014 Naval Postgraduate School graduate. His articles on military strategy, land power, and operational concepts can be found at RealClearDefense.)-rahulpenu

conventional  military  balance in China’s favor deterrence will weaken escalation  dynamics become unpredictable To avoid losing the US will become more  dependent on capabilities Beijing will interpret as highly escalatory Washington pursue more horizontal and vertical escalation Beijing will have more and better options for using nuclear weapons to dominate the escalation  dynamic


Question: US china escalation

US-China cold war goes nuclear.

Lyons 24 (, M. J. (2024) War with China: A View from Early 2024. https://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/SSI-Media/Recent-Publications/Display/Article/3738629/war-with-china-a-view-from-early-2024/ (Accessed: August 23, 2024). Marco J. Lyons is assistant chief of staff for plans at US Army Pacific in Hawaii. He is a 2021 Harvard University national security fellow, a 2020 Massachusetts Institute of Technology national security fellow, and a 2014 Naval Postgraduate School graduate. His articles on military strategy, land power, and operational concepts can be found at RealClearDefense.)-rahulpenu

conventional  military  balance in China’s favor deterrence will weaken escalation  dynamics become unpredictable To avoid losing the US will become more  dependent on capabilities Beijing will interpret as highly escalatory Washington pursue more horizontal and vertical escalation Beijing will have more and better options for using nuclear weapons to dominate the escalation  dynamic


Question: China better nuclear options

US-China cold war goes nuclear.

Lyons 24 (, M. J. (2024) War with China: A View from Early 2024. https://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/SSI-Media/Recent-Publications/Display/Article/3738629/war-with-china-a-view-from-early-2024/ (Accessed: August 23, 2024). Marco J. Lyons is assistant chief of staff for plans at US Army Pacific in Hawaii. He is a 2021 Harvard University national security fellow, a 2020 Massachusetts Institute of Technology national security fellow, and a 2014 Naval Postgraduate School graduate. His articles on military strategy, land power, and operational concepts can be found at RealClearDefense.)-rahulpenu

conventional  military  balance in China’s favor deterrence will weaken escalation  dynamics become unpredictable To avoid losing the US will become more  dependent on capabilities Beijing will interpret as highly escalatory Washington pursue more horizontal and vertical escalation Beijing will have more and better options for using nuclear weapons to dominate the escalation  dynamic


Question: Unethical resisting capitalism's reliance

2 Unethical – Resisting capitalism’s reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale

Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)

our ethico -political responsibility is to confront the violence of global capitalism in order to create a universal global system the forces of capitalism seek to conceal the politico-discursive violence of its construction through a kind of gentrification of that system the human cost and degraded ‘life- chances’ cannot be calculated the economic rationale and social exclusion remains mystified and nameless this mystification is magnified through capitalism’s profound capacity to ingest its own excesses and negativity to redirect antagonisms and to absorb them within a culture of differential affirmation


Question: Zizek and Daly

2 Unethical – Resisting capitalism’s reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale

Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)

our ethico -political responsibility is to confront the violence of global capitalism in order to create a universal global system the forces of capitalism seek to conceal the politico-discursive violence of its construction through a kind of gentrification of that system the human cost and degraded ‘life- chances’ cannot be calculated the economic rationale and social exclusion remains mystified and nameless this mystification is magnified through capitalism’s profound capacity to ingest its own excesses and negativity to redirect antagonisms and to absorb them within a culture of differential affirmation


Question: economic evaluation unethical

2 Unethical – Resisting capitalism’s reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale

Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)

our ethico -political responsibility is to confront the violence of global capitalism in order to create a universal global system the forces of capitalism seek to conceal the politico-discursive violence of its construction through a kind of gentrification of that system the human cost and degraded ‘life- chances’ cannot be calculated the economic rationale and social exclusion remains mystified and nameless this mystification is magnified through capitalism’s profound capacity to ingest its own excesses and negativity to redirect antagonisms and to absorb them within a culture of differential affirmation


Question: ethical responsibility

2 Unethical – Resisting capitalism’s reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale

Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)

our ethico -political responsibility is to confront the violence of global capitalism in order to create a universal global system the forces of capitalism seek to conceal the politico-discursive violence of its construction through a kind of gentrification of that system the human cost and degraded ‘life- chances’ cannot be calculated the economic rationale and social exclusion remains mystified and nameless this mystification is magnified through capitalism’s profound capacity to ingest its own excesses and negativity to redirect antagonisms and to absorb them within a culture of differential affirmation


Question: violence of global capitalism

2 Unethical – Resisting capitalism’s reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale

Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)

our ethico -political responsibility is to confront the violence of global capitalism in order to create a universal global system the forces of capitalism seek to conceal the politico-discursive violence of its construction through a kind of gentrification of that system the human cost and degraded ‘life- chances’ cannot be calculated the economic rationale and social exclusion remains mystified and nameless this mystification is magnified through capitalism’s profound capacity to ingest its own excesses and negativity to redirect antagonisms and to absorb them within a culture of differential affirmation


Question: social exclusion on a global scale

2 Unethical – Resisting capitalism’s reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale

Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)

our ethico -political responsibility is to confront the violence of global capitalism in order to create a universal global system the forces of capitalism seek to conceal the politico-discursive violence of its construction through a kind of gentrification of that system the human cost and degraded ‘life- chances’ cannot be calculated the economic rationale and social exclusion remains mystified and nameless this mystification is magnified through capitalism’s profound capacity to ingest its own excesses and negativity to redirect antagonisms and to absorb them within a culture of differential affirmation


Question: Nuclear war empirical statistical evidence

Nuclear war. Prefer empirical and statistical evidence.

Richards & Allwood ’21 — C.E.; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge; R.C. Lupton is with the Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath. J.M.; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge. February 19, 2021; “Re-Framing the Threat of Global Warming: An Empirical Causal Loop Diagram of Climate Change, Food Insecurity and Societal Collapse”; Climatic Change; Volume 164; Number 3

empirical ev points with respect to  food insecurity conflict mortality  and societal collapse


Question: Richards and Allwood 21

Nuclear war. Prefer empirical and statistical evidence.

Richards & Allwood ’21 — C.E.; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge; R.C. Lupton is with the Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath. J.M.; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge. February 19, 2021; “Re-Framing the Threat of Global Warming: An Empirical Causal Loop Diagram of Climate Change, Food Insecurity and Societal Collapse”; Climatic Change; Volume 164; Number 3

empirical ev points with respect to  food insecurity conflict mortality  and societal collapse


Question: Richards food insecurity conflict

Nuclear war. Prefer empirical and statistical evidence.

Richards & Allwood ’21 — C.E.; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge; R.C. Lupton is with the Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath. J.M.; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge. February 19, 2021; “Re-Framing the Threat of Global Warming: An Empirical Causal Loop Diagram of Climate Change, Food Insecurity and Societal Collapse”; Climatic Change; Volume 164; Number 3

empirical ev points with respect to  food insecurity conflict mortality  and societal collapse


Question: nuclear war societal collapse

Nuclear war. Prefer empirical and statistical evidence.

Richards & Allwood ’21 — C.E.; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge; R.C. Lupton is with the Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath. J.M.; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge. February 19, 2021; “Re-Framing the Threat of Global Warming: An Empirical Causal Loop Diagram of Climate Change, Food Insecurity and Societal Collapse”; Climatic Change; Volume 164; Number 3

empirical ev points with respect to  food insecurity conflict mortality  and societal collapse


Question: empirical evidence food insecurity

Nuclear war. Prefer empirical and statistical evidence.

Richards & Allwood ’21 — C.E.; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge; R.C. Lupton is with the Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath. J.M.; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge. February 19, 2021; “Re-Framing the Threat of Global Warming: An Empirical Causal Loop Diagram of Climate Change, Food Insecurity and Societal Collapse”; Climatic Change; Volume 164; Number 3

empirical ev points with respect to  food insecurity conflict mortality  and societal collapse


Question: nuclear war statistical evidence

Nuclear war. Prefer empirical and statistical evidence.

Richards & Allwood ’21 — C.E.; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge; R.C. Lupton is with the Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath. J.M.; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge. February 19, 2021; “Re-Framing the Threat of Global Warming: An Empirical Causal Loop Diagram of Climate Change, Food Insecurity and Societal Collapse”; Climatic Change; Volume 164; Number 3

empirical ev points with respect to  food insecurity conflict mortality  and societal collapse


Question: taxes subsidies and tradable permits

It’s three areas: taxes, subsidies, and tradable permits.

Moarif ’12 [Sara and Namrata Rastogi; December 2012; Head of the Environment and Climate Change Unit at the International Energy Agency; International Fellow at the Pew Center on Global Climate Change; Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, “Market-Based Climate Mitigation Policies in Emerging Economies,” https://www.c2es.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/market-based-climate-mitigation-policies-emerging-economies.pdf]

market-based policies control pollution by changing relative prices – raising cost of emissions or lowering cost of lower-emitting to provide a financial incentive Policies that can be market-based include taxes subsidies , and trading systems


Question: Moarif 2012

It’s three areas: taxes, subsidies, and tradable permits.

Moarif ’12 [Sara and Namrata Rastogi; December 2012; Head of the Environment and Climate Change Unit at the International Energy Agency; International Fellow at the Pew Center on Global Climate Change; Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, “Market-Based Climate Mitigation Policies in Emerging Economies,” https://www.c2es.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/market-based-climate-mitigation-policies-emerging-economies.pdf]

market-based policies control pollution by changing relative prices – raising cost of emissions or lowering cost of lower-emitting to provide a financial incentive Policies that can be market-based include taxes subsidies , and trading systems


Question: market-based policies

It’s three areas: taxes, subsidies, and tradable permits.

Moarif ’12 [Sara and Namrata Rastogi; December 2012; Head of the Environment and Climate Change Unit at the International Energy Agency; International Fellow at the Pew Center on Global Climate Change; Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, “Market-Based Climate Mitigation Policies in Emerging Economies,” https://www.c2es.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/market-based-climate-mitigation-policies-emerging-economies.pdf]

market-based policies control pollution by changing relative prices – raising cost of emissions or lowering cost of lower-emitting to provide a financial incentive Policies that can be market-based include taxes subsidies , and trading systems


Question: Market-based climate mitigation policies

It’s three areas: taxes, subsidies, and tradable permits.

Moarif ’12 [Sara and Namrata Rastogi; December 2012; Head of the Environment and Climate Change Unit at the International Energy Agency; International Fellow at the Pew Center on Global Climate Change; Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, “Market-Based Climate Mitigation Policies in Emerging Economies,” https://www.c2es.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/market-based-climate-mitigation-policies-emerging-economies.pdf]

market-based policies control pollution by changing relative prices – raising cost of emissions or lowering cost of lower-emitting to provide a financial incentive Policies that can be market-based include taxes subsidies , and trading systems


Question: taxes subsidies tradable permits

It’s three areas: taxes, subsidies, and tradable permits.

Moarif ’12 [Sara and Namrata Rastogi; December 2012; Head of the Environment and Climate Change Unit at the International Energy Agency; International Fellow at the Pew Center on Global Climate Change; Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, “Market-Based Climate Mitigation Policies in Emerging Economies,” https://www.c2es.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/market-based-climate-mitigation-policies-emerging-economies.pdf]

market-based policies control pollution by changing relative prices – raising cost of emissions or lowering cost of lower-emitting to provide a financial incentive Policies that can be market-based include taxes subsidies , and trading systems


Question: financial incentive

It’s three areas: taxes, subsidies, and tradable permits.

Moarif ’12 [Sara and Namrata Rastogi; December 2012; Head of the Environment and Climate Change Unit at the International Energy Agency; International Fellow at the Pew Center on Global Climate Change; Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, “Market-Based Climate Mitigation Policies in Emerging Economies,” https://www.c2es.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/market-based-climate-mitigation-policies-emerging-economies.pdf]

market-based policies control pollution by changing relative prices – raising cost of emissions or lowering cost of lower-emitting to provide a financial incentive Policies that can be market-based include taxes subsidies , and trading systems


Question: policies can be market-based

It’s three areas: taxes, subsidies, and tradable permits.

Moarif ’12 [Sara and Namrata Rastogi; December 2012; Head of the Environment and Climate Change Unit at the International Energy Agency; International Fellow at the Pew Center on Global Climate Change; Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, “Market-Based Climate Mitigation Policies in Emerging Economies,” https://www.c2es.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/market-based-climate-mitigation-policies-emerging-economies.pdf]

market-based policies control pollution by changing relative prices – raising cost of emissions or lowering cost of lower-emitting to provide a financial incentive Policies that can be market-based include taxes subsidies , and trading systems


Question: Effective generates revenue

It’s effective and generates revenue.

Oktay Kurbanov 23. Head of Research at CLIFI. “California Cap-and-Trade: Positive Market Outlook Ahead of Upcoming Market Reforms.” KraneShares. 3-31-2023. https://kraneshares.com/california-cap-and-trade-positive-market-outlook-ahead-of-upcoming-market-reforms/

cap-and-trade will be extended to at least 2045 cap-and-trade i s effective as well as a revenue generator


Question: Oktay Kurbanov 23

It’s effective and generates revenue.

Oktay Kurbanov 23. Head of Research at CLIFI. “California Cap-and-Trade: Positive Market Outlook Ahead of Upcoming Market Reforms.” KraneShares. 3-31-2023. https://kraneshares.com/california-cap-and-trade-positive-market-outlook-ahead-of-upcoming-market-reforms/

cap-and-trade will be extended to at least 2045 cap-and-trade i s effective as well as a revenue generator


Question: cap and trade effective

It’s effective and generates revenue.

Oktay Kurbanov 23. Head of Research at CLIFI. “California Cap-and-Trade: Positive Market Outlook Ahead of Upcoming Market Reforms.” KraneShares. 3-31-2023. https://kraneshares.com/california-cap-and-trade-positive-market-outlook-ahead-of-upcoming-market-reforms/

cap-and-trade will be extended to at least 2045 cap-and-trade i s effective as well as a revenue generator


Question: cap and trade revenue generator

It’s effective and generates revenue.

Oktay Kurbanov 23. Head of Research at CLIFI. “California Cap-and-Trade: Positive Market Outlook Ahead of Upcoming Market Reforms.” KraneShares. 3-31-2023. https://kraneshares.com/california-cap-and-trade-positive-market-outlook-ahead-of-upcoming-market-reforms/

cap-and-trade will be extended to at least 2045 cap-and-trade i s effective as well as a revenue generator


Question: cap and trade extended 2045

It’s effective and generates revenue.

Oktay Kurbanov 23. Head of Research at CLIFI. “California Cap-and-Trade: Positive Market Outlook Ahead of Upcoming Market Reforms.” KraneShares. 3-31-2023. https://kraneshares.com/california-cap-and-trade-positive-market-outlook-ahead-of-upcoming-market-reforms/

cap-and-trade will be extended to at least 2045 cap-and-trade i s effective as well as a revenue generator


Question: california cap and trade positive outlook

It’s effective and generates revenue.

Oktay Kurbanov 23. Head of Research at CLIFI. “California Cap-and-Trade: Positive Market Outlook Ahead of Upcoming Market Reforms.” KraneShares. 3-31-2023. https://kraneshares.com/california-cap-and-trade-positive-market-outlook-ahead-of-upcoming-market-reforms/

cap-and-trade will be extended to at least 2045 cap-and-trade i s effective as well as a revenue generator


Question: cap and trade generates

It’s effective and generates revenue.

Oktay Kurbanov 23. Head of Research at CLIFI. “California Cap-and-Trade: Positive Market Outlook Ahead of Upcoming Market Reforms.” KraneShares. 3-31-2023. https://kraneshares.com/california-cap-and-trade-positive-market-outlook-ahead-of-upcoming-market-reforms/

cap-and-trade will be extended to at least 2045 cap-and-trade i s effective as well as a revenue generator


Question: cap and trade effectiveness

It’s effective and generates revenue.

Oktay Kurbanov 23. Head of Research at CLIFI. “California Cap-and-Trade: Positive Market Outlook Ahead of Upcoming Market Reforms.” KraneShares. 3-31-2023. https://kraneshares.com/california-cap-and-trade-positive-market-outlook-ahead-of-upcoming-market-reforms/

cap-and-trade will be extended to at least 2045 cap-and-trade i s effective as well as a revenue generator


Question: NRC holds exclusive authority

Preemption---the NRC holds exclusive authority.

FIA ’20 [Non-profit independent trade association for the international nuclear fusion industry; Fusion Industry Association, “Igniting the Fusion Revolution in America,” https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML2100/ML21006A238.pdf]

federal government  maintains  key authorities  over  nuclear activities DOE governs energy development NRC regulates nuclear safety NRC issued memorandum regarding fusion NRC holds jurisdiction NRC exercise its jurisdiction over private fusion activities


Question: FIA 20

Preemption---the NRC holds exclusive authority.

FIA ’20 [Non-profit independent trade association for the international nuclear fusion industry; Fusion Industry Association, “Igniting the Fusion Revolution in America,” https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML2100/ML21006A238.pdf]

federal government  maintains  key authorities  over  nuclear activities DOE governs energy development NRC regulates nuclear safety NRC issued memorandum regarding fusion NRC holds jurisdiction NRC exercise its jurisdiction over private fusion activities


Question: Fusion Industry Association

Preemption---the NRC holds exclusive authority.

FIA ’20 [Non-profit independent trade association for the international nuclear fusion industry; Fusion Industry Association, “Igniting the Fusion Revolution in America,” https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML2100/ML21006A238.pdf]

federal government  maintains  key authorities  over  nuclear activities DOE governs energy development NRC regulates nuclear safety NRC issued memorandum regarding fusion NRC holds jurisdiction NRC exercise its jurisdiction over private fusion activities


Question: NRC regulates nuclear safety

Preemption---the NRC holds exclusive authority.

FIA ’20 [Non-profit independent trade association for the international nuclear fusion industry; Fusion Industry Association, “Igniting the Fusion Revolution in America,” https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML2100/ML21006A238.pdf]

federal government  maintains  key authorities  over  nuclear activities DOE governs energy development NRC regulates nuclear safety NRC issued memorandum regarding fusion NRC holds jurisdiction NRC exercise its jurisdiction over private fusion activities


Question: federal government key authorities nuclear activities

Preemption---the NRC holds exclusive authority.

FIA ’20 [Non-profit independent trade association for the international nuclear fusion industry; Fusion Industry Association, “Igniting the Fusion Revolution in America,” https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML2100/ML21006A238.pdf]

federal government  maintains  key authorities  over  nuclear activities DOE governs energy development NRC regulates nuclear safety NRC issued memorandum regarding fusion NRC holds jurisdiction NRC exercise its jurisdiction over private fusion activities


Question: NRC jurisdiction fusion

Preemption---the NRC holds exclusive authority.

FIA ’20 [Non-profit independent trade association for the international nuclear fusion industry; Fusion Industry Association, “Igniting the Fusion Revolution in America,” https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML2100/ML21006A238.pdf]

federal government  maintains  key authorities  over  nuclear activities DOE governs energy development NRC regulates nuclear safety NRC issued memorandum regarding fusion NRC holds jurisdiction NRC exercise its jurisdiction over private fusion activities


Question: Disad risk capped at 0.2%

The risk of every disad is capped at 0.2%

Simpson 16 [Fergus, Mathematician at the University of Barcelona, “Apocalypse Now? Reviving the Doomsday Argument,” 2016, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.03072]

Whether fate can be forecast has controversy we present a Bayesian reformulation Humanity’s prognosis is a global catastrophic risk of 0.2% per year.


Question: Simpson 16

The risk of every disad is capped at 0.2%

Simpson 16 [Fergus, Mathematician at the University of Barcelona, “Apocalypse Now? Reviving the Doomsday Argument,” 2016, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.03072]

Whether fate can be forecast has controversy we present a Bayesian reformulation Humanity’s prognosis is a global catastrophic risk of 0.2% per year.


Question: Fergus Simpson

The risk of every disad is capped at 0.2%

Simpson 16 [Fergus, Mathematician at the University of Barcelona, “Apocalypse Now? Reviving the Doomsday Argument,” 2016, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.03072]

Whether fate can be forecast has controversy we present a Bayesian reformulation Humanity’s prognosis is a global catastrophic risk of 0.2% per year.


Question: global catastrophic risk 0.2%

The risk of every disad is capped at 0.2%

Simpson 16 [Fergus, Mathematician at the University of Barcelona, “Apocalypse Now? Reviving the Doomsday Argument,” 2016, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.03072]

Whether fate can be forecast has controversy we present a Bayesian reformulation Humanity’s prognosis is a global catastrophic risk of 0.2% per year.


Question: humanity prognosis risk per year

The risk of every disad is capped at 0.2%

Simpson 16 [Fergus, Mathematician at the University of Barcelona, “Apocalypse Now? Reviving the Doomsday Argument,” 2016, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.03072]

Whether fate can be forecast has controversy we present a Bayesian reformulation Humanity’s prognosis is a global catastrophic risk of 0.2% per year.


Question: Apocalypse Now? Doomsday Argument

The risk of every disad is capped at 0.2%

Simpson 16 [Fergus, Mathematician at the University of Barcelona, “Apocalypse Now? Reviving the Doomsday Argument,” 2016, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.03072]

Whether fate can be forecast has controversy we present a Bayesian reformulation Humanity’s prognosis is a global catastrophic risk of 0.2% per year.


Question: predictable disagreement keeps participants engaged

Predictable disagreement keeps participants engaged, facilitates research, and is the defining aspect of debate---they must justify why it’s valuable for us to have to rejoin their affirmative

Poscher 16

the idea of negation is central We must go through the “labor of the negative Why does our practice require lengthy arguments why not decide by gut voting and spare everybody the cost of developing elaborate arguments Flipping a coin dice or a gut vote would not help us scrutinize positions flipping a coin – only provide for the decision part which would undercut the incentive structure That the debates are about winning helps keep participants engaged No non ‐ argumentative procedure achieve this If judges flip a coin there would be little incentive to engage two athletes engage in the same contest when they follow the same rules, but different styles Each is engaged to win Within such a framework even people with radically opposing views still share a concept theorizing over roughly the same materials and practices allow for adamant disagreements without abandoning talking about the same concept


Question: Poscher 16

Predictable disagreement keeps participants engaged, facilitates research, and is the defining aspect of debate---they must justify why it’s valuable for us to have to rejoin their affirmative

Poscher 16

the idea of negation is central We must go through the “labor of the negative Why does our practice require lengthy arguments why not decide by gut voting and spare everybody the cost of developing elaborate arguments Flipping a coin dice or a gut vote would not help us scrutinize positions flipping a coin – only provide for the decision part which would undercut the incentive structure That the debates are about winning helps keep participants engaged No non ‐ argumentative procedure achieve this If judges flip a coin there would be little incentive to engage two athletes engage in the same contest when they follow the same rules, but different styles Each is engaged to win Within such a framework even people with radically opposing views still share a concept theorizing over roughly the same materials and practices allow for adamant disagreements without abandoning talking about the same concept


Question: labor of the negative

Predictable disagreement keeps participants engaged, facilitates research, and is the defining aspect of debate---they must justify why it’s valuable for us to have to rejoin their affirmative

Poscher 16

the idea of negation is central We must go through the “labor of the negative Why does our practice require lengthy arguments why not decide by gut voting and spare everybody the cost of developing elaborate arguments Flipping a coin dice or a gut vote would not help us scrutinize positions flipping a coin – only provide for the decision part which would undercut the incentive structure That the debates are about winning helps keep participants engaged No non ‐ argumentative procedure achieve this If judges flip a coin there would be little incentive to engage two athletes engage in the same contest when they follow the same rules, but different styles Each is engaged to win Within such a framework even people with radically opposing views still share a concept theorizing over roughly the same materials and practices allow for adamant disagreements without abandoning talking about the same concept


Question: debate incentive structure

Predictable disagreement keeps participants engaged, facilitates research, and is the defining aspect of debate---they must justify why it’s valuable for us to have to rejoin their affirmative

Poscher 16

the idea of negation is central We must go through the “labor of the negative Why does our practice require lengthy arguments why not decide by gut voting and spare everybody the cost of developing elaborate arguments Flipping a coin dice or a gut vote would not help us scrutinize positions flipping a coin – only provide for the decision part which would undercut the incentive structure That the debates are about winning helps keep participants engaged No non ‐ argumentative procedure achieve this If judges flip a coin there would be little incentive to engage two athletes engage in the same contest when they follow the same rules, but different styles Each is engaged to win Within such a framework even people with radically opposing views still share a concept theorizing over roughly the same materials and practices allow for adamant disagreements without abandoning talking about the same concept


Question: debates are about winning

Predictable disagreement keeps participants engaged, facilitates research, and is the defining aspect of debate---they must justify why it’s valuable for us to have to rejoin their affirmative

Poscher 16

the idea of negation is central We must go through the “labor of the negative Why does our practice require lengthy arguments why not decide by gut voting and spare everybody the cost of developing elaborate arguments Flipping a coin dice or a gut vote would not help us scrutinize positions flipping a coin – only provide for the decision part which would undercut the incentive structure That the debates are about winning helps keep participants engaged No non ‐ argumentative procedure achieve this If judges flip a coin there would be little incentive to engage two athletes engage in the same contest when they follow the same rules, but different styles Each is engaged to win Within such a framework even people with radically opposing views still share a concept theorizing over roughly the same materials and practices allow for adamant disagreements without abandoning talking about the same concept


Question: incentive to engage

Predictable disagreement keeps participants engaged, facilitates research, and is the defining aspect of debate---they must justify why it’s valuable for us to have to rejoin their affirmative

Poscher 16

the idea of negation is central We must go through the “labor of the negative Why does our practice require lengthy arguments why not decide by gut voting and spare everybody the cost of developing elaborate arguments Flipping a coin dice or a gut vote would not help us scrutinize positions flipping a coin – only provide for the decision part which would undercut the incentive structure That the debates are about winning helps keep participants engaged No non ‐ argumentative procedure achieve this If judges flip a coin there would be little incentive to engage two athletes engage in the same contest when they follow the same rules, but different styles Each is engaged to win Within such a framework even people with radically opposing views still share a concept theorizing over roughly the same materials and practices allow for adamant disagreements without abandoning talking about the same concept


Question: labor of the negative debate

Predictable disagreement keeps participants engaged, facilitates research, and is the defining aspect of debate---they must justify why it’s valuable for us to have to rejoin their affirmative

Poscher 16

the idea of negation is central We must go through the “labor of the negative Why does our practice require lengthy arguments why not decide by gut voting and spare everybody the cost of developing elaborate arguments Flipping a coin dice or a gut vote would not help us scrutinize positions flipping a coin – only provide for the decision part which would undercut the incentive structure That the debates are about winning helps keep participants engaged No non ‐ argumentative procedure achieve this If judges flip a coin there would be little incentive to engage two athletes engage in the same contest when they follow the same rules, but different styles Each is engaged to win Within such a framework even people with radically opposing views still share a concept theorizing over roughly the same materials and practices allow for adamant disagreements without abandoning talking about the same concept


Question: 'United States' Constitutional term of art

The ‘United States’ is a Constitutional term of art referring to federal actors, elevated by the Supremacy Clause. ‘We the people’ would require ‘of America’ to be in the resolution.

Mitchell ’15 [Paul; 2015; Previous Vice President for Legal Affairs and Counsel to an Arizona Trust and Founder of the Supreme Law; Supreme Law, “Open Letter,” http://www.supremelaw.org/letters/us-v-usa.htm]

Articles distinguish U S A from " U S the " U S A refer to the States term " U S is used throughout Title 28 to refer to fed gov domiciled in D.C Title 28 govern all courts use of " U S " to refer to the fed gov carries weight elevates Title 28 to Law of Land


Question: Mitchell 15

The ‘United States’ is a Constitutional term of art referring to federal actors, elevated by the Supremacy Clause. ‘We the people’ would require ‘of America’ to be in the resolution.

Mitchell ’15 [Paul; 2015; Previous Vice President for Legal Affairs and Counsel to an Arizona Trust and Founder of the Supreme Law; Supreme Law, “Open Letter,” http://www.supremelaw.org/letters/us-v-usa.htm]

Articles distinguish U S A from " U S the " U S A refer to the States term " U S is used throughout Title 28 to refer to fed gov domiciled in D.C Title 28 govern all courts use of " U S " to refer to the fed gov carries weight elevates Title 28 to Law of Land


Question: Paul Mitchell

The ‘United States’ is a Constitutional term of art referring to federal actors, elevated by the Supremacy Clause. ‘We the people’ would require ‘of America’ to be in the resolution.

Mitchell ’15 [Paul; 2015; Previous Vice President for Legal Affairs and Counsel to an Arizona Trust and Founder of the Supreme Law; Supreme Law, “Open Letter,” http://www.supremelaw.org/letters/us-v-usa.htm]

Articles distinguish U S A from " U S the " U S A refer to the States term " U S is used throughout Title 28 to refer to fed gov domiciled in D.C Title 28 govern all courts use of " U S " to refer to the fed gov carries weight elevates Title 28 to Law of Land


Question: U.S. term of art

The ‘United States’ is a Constitutional term of art referring to federal actors, elevated by the Supremacy Clause. ‘We the people’ would require ‘of America’ to be in the resolution.

Mitchell ’15 [Paul; 2015; Previous Vice President for Legal Affairs and Counsel to an Arizona Trust and Founder of the Supreme Law; Supreme Law, “Open Letter,” http://www.supremelaw.org/letters/us-v-usa.htm]

Articles distinguish U S A from " U S the " U S A refer to the States term " U S is used throughout Title 28 to refer to fed gov domiciled in D.C Title 28 govern all courts use of " U S " to refer to the fed gov carries weight elevates Title 28 to Law of Land


Question: Supremacy Clause

The ‘United States’ is a Constitutional term of art referring to federal actors, elevated by the Supremacy Clause. ‘We the people’ would require ‘of America’ to be in the resolution.

Mitchell ’15 [Paul; 2015; Previous Vice President for Legal Affairs and Counsel to an Arizona Trust and Founder of the Supreme Law; Supreme Law, “Open Letter,” http://www.supremelaw.org/letters/us-v-usa.htm]

Articles distinguish U S A from " U S the " U S A refer to the States term " U S is used throughout Title 28 to refer to fed gov domiciled in D.C Title 28 govern all courts use of " U S " to refer to the fed gov carries weight elevates Title 28 to Law of Land


Question: U S A vs US

The ‘United States’ is a Constitutional term of art referring to federal actors, elevated by the Supremacy Clause. ‘We the people’ would require ‘of America’ to be in the resolution.

Mitchell ’15 [Paul; 2015; Previous Vice President for Legal Affairs and Counsel to an Arizona Trust and Founder of the Supreme Law; Supreme Law, “Open Letter,” http://www.supremelaw.org/letters/us-v-usa.htm]

Articles distinguish U S A from " U S the " U S A refer to the States term " U S is used throughout Title 28 to refer to fed gov domiciled in D.C Title 28 govern all courts use of " U S " to refer to the fed gov carries weight elevates Title 28 to Law of Land


Question: federal actors elevated

The ‘United States’ is a Constitutional term of art referring to federal actors, elevated by the Supremacy Clause. ‘We the people’ would require ‘of America’ to be in the resolution.

Mitchell ’15 [Paul; 2015; Previous Vice President for Legal Affairs and Counsel to an Arizona Trust and Founder of the Supreme Law; Supreme Law, “Open Letter,” http://www.supremelaw.org/letters/us-v-usa.htm]

Articles distinguish U S A from " U S the " U S A refer to the States term " U S is used throughout Title 28 to refer to fed gov domiciled in D.C Title 28 govern all courts use of " U S " to refer to the fed gov carries weight elevates Title 28 to Law of Land


Question: Project 2025 land aff

Project 2025 turns the land based parts of the aff.

Woodward 24 - Stephanie Woodwward 09-09-2024 (Stephanie Woodard is an award-winning journalist who writes on human rights and culture with a focus on Native American issues. "Project 2025 and Its Plans for the Nation’s Public Lands" Published Barn Raiser. Accessed 10-18-2024. URL: https://barnraisingmedia.com/project-2025-public-lands-native-leaders/) //MSUCB

2025 puts at risk Boundary Waters and Arctic The acreage in peril includes 500 million acres of federal lands 700 million acres of sub-surface minerals 1.7 billion acres of the Outer Continental Shelf,” 2025 would be “detrimental to the future of these cherished public resources and those who rely on them for the pursuit of their outdoor traditions


Question: Woodward 24

Project 2025 turns the land based parts of the aff.

Woodward 24 - Stephanie Woodwward 09-09-2024 (Stephanie Woodard is an award-winning journalist who writes on human rights and culture with a focus on Native American issues. "Project 2025 and Its Plans for the Nation’s Public Lands" Published Barn Raiser. Accessed 10-18-2024. URL: https://barnraisingmedia.com/project-2025-public-lands-native-leaders/) //MSUCB

2025 puts at risk Boundary Waters and Arctic The acreage in peril includes 500 million acres of federal lands 700 million acres of sub-surface minerals 1.7 billion acres of the Outer Continental Shelf,” 2025 would be “detrimental to the future of these cherished public resources and those who rely on them for the pursuit of their outdoor traditions


Question: Stephanie Woodward

Project 2025 turns the land based parts of the aff.

Woodward 24 - Stephanie Woodwward 09-09-2024 (Stephanie Woodard is an award-winning journalist who writes on human rights and culture with a focus on Native American issues. "Project 2025 and Its Plans for the Nation’s Public Lands" Published Barn Raiser. Accessed 10-18-2024. URL: https://barnraisingmedia.com/project-2025-public-lands-native-leaders/) //MSUCB

2025 puts at risk Boundary Waters and Arctic The acreage in peril includes 500 million acres of federal lands 700 million acres of sub-surface minerals 1.7 billion acres of the Outer Continental Shelf,” 2025 would be “detrimental to the future of these cherished public resources and those who rely on them for the pursuit of their outdoor traditions


Question: Project 2025 public lands

Project 2025 turns the land based parts of the aff.

Woodward 24 - Stephanie Woodwward 09-09-2024 (Stephanie Woodard is an award-winning journalist who writes on human rights and culture with a focus on Native American issues. "Project 2025 and Its Plans for the Nation’s Public Lands" Published Barn Raiser. Accessed 10-18-2024. URL: https://barnraisingmedia.com/project-2025-public-lands-native-leaders/) //MSUCB

2025 puts at risk Boundary Waters and Arctic The acreage in peril includes 500 million acres of federal lands 700 million acres of sub-surface minerals 1.7 billion acres of the Outer Continental Shelf,” 2025 would be “detrimental to the future of these cherished public resources and those who rely on them for the pursuit of their outdoor traditions


Question: Boundary Waters and Arctic

Project 2025 turns the land based parts of the aff.

Woodward 24 - Stephanie Woodwward 09-09-2024 (Stephanie Woodard is an award-winning journalist who writes on human rights and culture with a focus on Native American issues. "Project 2025 and Its Plans for the Nation’s Public Lands" Published Barn Raiser. Accessed 10-18-2024. URL: https://barnraisingmedia.com/project-2025-public-lands-native-leaders/) //MSUCB

2025 puts at risk Boundary Waters and Arctic The acreage in peril includes 500 million acres of federal lands 700 million acres of sub-surface minerals 1.7 billion acres of the Outer Continental Shelf,” 2025 would be “detrimental to the future of these cherished public resources and those who rely on them for the pursuit of their outdoor traditions


Question: federal lands put at risk

Project 2025 turns the land based parts of the aff.

Woodward 24 - Stephanie Woodwward 09-09-2024 (Stephanie Woodard is an award-winning journalist who writes on human rights and culture with a focus on Native American issues. "Project 2025 and Its Plans for the Nation’s Public Lands" Published Barn Raiser. Accessed 10-18-2024. URL: https://barnraisingmedia.com/project-2025-public-lands-native-leaders/) //MSUCB

2025 puts at risk Boundary Waters and Arctic The acreage in peril includes 500 million acres of federal lands 700 million acres of sub-surface minerals 1.7 billion acres of the Outer Continental Shelf,” 2025 would be “detrimental to the future of these cherished public resources and those who rely on them for the pursuit of their outdoor traditions


Question: Project 2025 detrimental

Project 2025 turns the land based parts of the aff.

Woodward 24 - Stephanie Woodwward 09-09-2024 (Stephanie Woodard is an award-winning journalist who writes on human rights and culture with a focus on Native American issues. "Project 2025 and Its Plans for the Nation’s Public Lands" Published Barn Raiser. Accessed 10-18-2024. URL: https://barnraisingmedia.com/project-2025-public-lands-native-leaders/) //MSUCB

2025 puts at risk Boundary Waters and Arctic The acreage in peril includes 500 million acres of federal lands 700 million acres of sub-surface minerals 1.7 billion acres of the Outer Continental Shelf,” 2025 would be “detrimental to the future of these cherished public resources and those who rely on them for the pursuit of their outdoor traditions


Question: Growth causes bioterrorism Albert 20

Growth drives destabilizing tech-innovation that proliferates and facilitates bioterrorism---degrowth solves.

Albert 20, is a lecturer in International Relations working at the intersection of IR and political theory, critical political economy, and the transdisciplinary study of socio-ecological systems. (Michael J., 4-17-2020, “The Dangers of Decoupling: Earth System Crisis and the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’,” Global Policy, Volume 11, Issue 2, pp. 245-254, https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12791)

faith in innovation to solve decoupling convergent breakthroughs in synthetic biology renewable energy FIR-driven sustainability would intensify synthetic biology  is expected to produce viruses more harmful capabilities remain limited  convergent capabilities enable breakthroughs in bioweaponization by improving stability and delivery CRIPSR expands  capacities of biohackers imperil global security  by unleashing po werful and complex capabilities green economy accelerate trends genetically engineered biofuels dramatically increase would expand expertise and access to equipment synthetic biology are ‘b lack swan waiting to happen ’ if technology becomes key engine of growth FIR generate reinforcing spiral of insecurity poverty and deprivation make militant terrorist likely FIR technologies ‘democratizing’ WMD capacities among non-state actors policies break from growth to dampen technological trends pursuit of GDP growth should be replaced a ‘post-growth’ economy has potential


Question: Albert 20 decouplng

Growth drives destabilizing tech-innovation that proliferates and facilitates bioterrorism---degrowth solves.

Albert 20, is a lecturer in International Relations working at the intersection of IR and political theory, critical political economy, and the transdisciplinary study of socio-ecological systems. (Michael J., 4-17-2020, “The Dangers of Decoupling: Earth System Crisis and the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’,” Global Policy, Volume 11, Issue 2, pp. 245-254, https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12791)

faith in innovation to solve decoupling convergent breakthroughs in synthetic biology renewable energy FIR-driven sustainability would intensify synthetic biology  is expected to produce viruses more harmful capabilities remain limited  convergent capabilities enable breakthroughs in bioweaponization by improving stability and delivery CRIPSR expands  capacities of biohackers imperil global security  by unleashing po werful and complex capabilities green economy accelerate trends genetically engineered biofuels dramatically increase would expand expertise and access to equipment synthetic biology are ‘b lack swan waiting to happen ’ if technology becomes key engine of growth FIR generate reinforcing spiral of insecurity poverty and deprivation make militant terrorist likely FIR technologies ‘democratizing’ WMD capacities among non-state actors policies break from growth to dampen technological trends pursuit of GDP growth should be replaced a ‘post-growth’ economy has potential


Question: tech-innovation proliferates and facilitates bioterrorism

Growth drives destabilizing tech-innovation that proliferates and facilitates bioterrorism---degrowth solves.

Albert 20, is a lecturer in International Relations working at the intersection of IR and political theory, critical political economy, and the transdisciplinary study of socio-ecological systems. (Michael J., 4-17-2020, “The Dangers of Decoupling: Earth System Crisis and the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’,” Global Policy, Volume 11, Issue 2, pp. 245-254, https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12791)

faith in innovation to solve decoupling convergent breakthroughs in synthetic biology renewable energy FIR-driven sustainability would intensify synthetic biology  is expected to produce viruses more harmful capabilities remain limited  convergent capabilities enable breakthroughs in bioweaponization by improving stability and delivery CRIPSR expands  capacities of biohackers imperil global security  by unleashing po werful and complex capabilities green economy accelerate trends genetically engineered biofuels dramatically increase would expand expertise and access to equipment synthetic biology are ‘b lack swan waiting to happen ’ if technology becomes key engine of growth FIR generate reinforcing spiral of insecurity poverty and deprivation make militant terrorist likely FIR technologies ‘democratizing’ WMD capacities among non-state actors policies break from growth to dampen technological trends pursuit of GDP growth should be replaced a ‘post-growth’ economy has potential


Question: dangers of decoupling

Growth drives destabilizing tech-innovation that proliferates and facilitates bioterrorism---degrowth solves.

Albert 20, is a lecturer in International Relations working at the intersection of IR and political theory, critical political economy, and the transdisciplinary study of socio-ecological systems. (Michael J., 4-17-2020, “The Dangers of Decoupling: Earth System Crisis and the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’,” Global Policy, Volume 11, Issue 2, pp. 245-254, https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12791)

faith in innovation to solve decoupling convergent breakthroughs in synthetic biology renewable energy FIR-driven sustainability would intensify synthetic biology  is expected to produce viruses more harmful capabilities remain limited  convergent capabilities enable breakthroughs in bioweaponization by improving stability and delivery CRIPSR expands  capacities of biohackers imperil global security  by unleashing po werful and complex capabilities green economy accelerate trends genetically engineered biofuels dramatically increase would expand expertise and access to equipment synthetic biology are ‘b lack swan waiting to happen ’ if technology becomes key engine of growth FIR generate reinforcing spiral of insecurity poverty and deprivation make militant terrorist likely FIR technologies ‘democratizing’ WMD capacities among non-state actors policies break from growth to dampen technological trends pursuit of GDP growth should be replaced a ‘post-growth’ economy has potential


Question: growth drives tech innovation

Growth drives destabilizing tech-innovation that proliferates and facilitates bioterrorism---degrowth solves.

Albert 20, is a lecturer in International Relations working at the intersection of IR and political theory, critical political economy, and the transdisciplinary study of socio-ecological systems. (Michael J., 4-17-2020, “The Dangers of Decoupling: Earth System Crisis and the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’,” Global Policy, Volume 11, Issue 2, pp. 245-254, https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12791)

faith in innovation to solve decoupling convergent breakthroughs in synthetic biology renewable energy FIR-driven sustainability would intensify synthetic biology  is expected to produce viruses more harmful capabilities remain limited  convergent capabilities enable breakthroughs in bioweaponization by improving stability and delivery CRIPSR expands  capacities of biohackers imperil global security  by unleashing po werful and complex capabilities green economy accelerate trends genetically engineered biofuels dramatically increase would expand expertise and access to equipment synthetic biology are ‘b lack swan waiting to happen ’ if technology becomes key engine of growth FIR generate reinforcing spiral of insecurity poverty and deprivation make militant terrorist likely FIR technologies ‘democratizing’ WMD capacities among non-state actors policies break from growth to dampen technological trends pursuit of GDP growth should be replaced a ‘post-growth’ economy has potential


Question: synthetic biology viruses

Growth drives destabilizing tech-innovation that proliferates and facilitates bioterrorism---degrowth solves.

Albert 20, is a lecturer in International Relations working at the intersection of IR and political theory, critical political economy, and the transdisciplinary study of socio-ecological systems. (Michael J., 4-17-2020, “The Dangers of Decoupling: Earth System Crisis and the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’,” Global Policy, Volume 11, Issue 2, pp. 245-254, https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12791)

faith in innovation to solve decoupling convergent breakthroughs in synthetic biology renewable energy FIR-driven sustainability would intensify synthetic biology  is expected to produce viruses more harmful capabilities remain limited  convergent capabilities enable breakthroughs in bioweaponization by improving stability and delivery CRIPSR expands  capacities of biohackers imperil global security  by unleashing po werful and complex capabilities green economy accelerate trends genetically engineered biofuels dramatically increase would expand expertise and access to equipment synthetic biology are ‘b lack swan waiting to happen ’ if technology becomes key engine of growth FIR generate reinforcing spiral of insecurity poverty and deprivation make militant terrorist likely FIR technologies ‘democratizing’ WMD capacities among non-state actors policies break from growth to dampen technological trends pursuit of GDP growth should be replaced a ‘post-growth’ economy has potential


Question: post-growth economy

Growth drives destabilizing tech-innovation that proliferates and facilitates bioterrorism---degrowth solves.

Albert 20, is a lecturer in International Relations working at the intersection of IR and political theory, critical political economy, and the transdisciplinary study of socio-ecological systems. (Michael J., 4-17-2020, “The Dangers of Decoupling: Earth System Crisis and the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’,” Global Policy, Volume 11, Issue 2, pp. 245-254, https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12791)

faith in innovation to solve decoupling convergent breakthroughs in synthetic biology renewable energy FIR-driven sustainability would intensify synthetic biology  is expected to produce viruses more harmful capabilities remain limited  convergent capabilities enable breakthroughs in bioweaponization by improving stability and delivery CRIPSR expands  capacities of biohackers imperil global security  by unleashing po werful and complex capabilities green economy accelerate trends genetically engineered biofuels dramatically increase would expand expertise and access to equipment synthetic biology are ‘b lack swan waiting to happen ’ if technology becomes key engine of growth FIR generate reinforcing spiral of insecurity poverty and deprivation make militant terrorist likely FIR technologies ‘democratizing’ WMD capacities among non-state actors policies break from growth to dampen technological trends pursuit of GDP growth should be replaced a ‘post-growth’ economy has potential


Question: '07 recession coming

’07 level recession is coming.

Fox 9-19-24, [Matthew Fox, Senior Markets reporter for Business Insider. “The Fed's 50 basis point rate cut won't do anything to stop a recession, economist David Rosenberg says” https://www.businessinsider.com/recession-outlook-rosenberg-warns-economic-downturn-2007-fed-rate-cuts-2024-9]//sripad

likening 24 to 07 right before recession so much weakness housing construction industri in recession consumer pull back abruptly job growth lower similar to prior slowdown same language we saw in 07 country in recession right now  when we apply data science warning signs out of the bond market more prescient especially at inflection points in cycle de-inversion of the yield curve despite rate cut central bank behind the growth curve


Question: Matthew Fox 9-19-24

’07 level recession is coming.

Fox 9-19-24, [Matthew Fox, Senior Markets reporter for Business Insider. “The Fed's 50 basis point rate cut won't do anything to stop a recession, economist David Rosenberg says” https://www.businessinsider.com/recession-outlook-rosenberg-warns-economic-downturn-2007-fed-rate-cuts-2024-9]//sripad

likening 24 to 07 right before recession so much weakness housing construction industri in recession consumer pull back abruptly job growth lower similar to prior slowdown same language we saw in 07 country in recession right now  when we apply data science warning signs out of the bond market more prescient especially at inflection points in cycle de-inversion of the yield curve despite rate cut central bank behind the growth curve


Question: Fed rate cut recession

’07 level recession is coming.

Fox 9-19-24, [Matthew Fox, Senior Markets reporter for Business Insider. “The Fed's 50 basis point rate cut won't do anything to stop a recession, economist David Rosenberg says” https://www.businessinsider.com/recession-outlook-rosenberg-warns-economic-downturn-2007-fed-rate-cuts-2024-9]//sripad

likening 24 to 07 right before recession so much weakness housing construction industri in recession consumer pull back abruptly job growth lower similar to prior slowdown same language we saw in 07 country in recession right now  when we apply data science warning signs out of the bond market more prescient especially at inflection points in cycle de-inversion of the yield curve despite rate cut central bank behind the growth curve


Question: recession is coming

’07 level recession is coming.

Fox 9-19-24, [Matthew Fox, Senior Markets reporter for Business Insider. “The Fed's 50 basis point rate cut won't do anything to stop a recession, economist David Rosenberg says” https://www.businessinsider.com/recession-outlook-rosenberg-warns-economic-downturn-2007-fed-rate-cuts-2024-9]//sripad

likening 24 to 07 right before recession so much weakness housing construction industri in recession consumer pull back abruptly job growth lower similar to prior slowdown same language we saw in 07 country in recession right now  when we apply data science warning signs out of the bond market more prescient especially at inflection points in cycle de-inversion of the yield curve despite rate cut central bank behind the growth curve


Question: 2007 recession signs

’07 level recession is coming.

Fox 9-19-24, [Matthew Fox, Senior Markets reporter for Business Insider. “The Fed's 50 basis point rate cut won't do anything to stop a recession, economist David Rosenberg says” https://www.businessinsider.com/recession-outlook-rosenberg-warns-economic-downturn-2007-fed-rate-cuts-2024-9]//sripad

likening 24 to 07 right before recession so much weakness housing construction industri in recession consumer pull back abruptly job growth lower similar to prior slowdown same language we saw in 07 country in recession right now  when we apply data science warning signs out of the bond market more prescient especially at inflection points in cycle de-inversion of the yield curve despite rate cut central bank behind the growth curve


Question: economic downturn

’07 level recession is coming.

Fox 9-19-24, [Matthew Fox, Senior Markets reporter for Business Insider. “The Fed's 50 basis point rate cut won't do anything to stop a recession, economist David Rosenberg says” https://www.businessinsider.com/recession-outlook-rosenberg-warns-economic-downturn-2007-fed-rate-cuts-2024-9]//sripad

likening 24 to 07 right before recession so much weakness housing construction industri in recession consumer pull back abruptly job growth lower similar to prior slowdown same language we saw in 07 country in recession right now  when we apply data science warning signs out of the bond market more prescient especially at inflection points in cycle de-inversion of the yield curve despite rate cut central bank behind the growth curve


Question: bond market warns of recession

’07 level recession is coming.

Fox 9-19-24, [Matthew Fox, Senior Markets reporter for Business Insider. “The Fed's 50 basis point rate cut won't do anything to stop a recession, economist David Rosenberg says” https://www.businessinsider.com/recession-outlook-rosenberg-warns-economic-downturn-2007-fed-rate-cuts-2024-9]//sripad

likening 24 to 07 right before recession so much weakness housing construction industri in recession consumer pull back abruptly job growth lower similar to prior slowdown same language we saw in 07 country in recession right now  when we apply data science warning signs out of the bond market more prescient especially at inflection points in cycle de-inversion of the yield curve despite rate cut central bank behind the growth curve


Question: smart cities myth

Smart cities are a myth—they are simply not exportable and do not account for ecosystems

Gonella et al 19 - ("Is technology optimism justified? A discussion towards a comprehensive narrative," Science Direct, published 6-20-2019, accessed 7-19-2024, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619308170)//marlborough-am

the effects of innovative tech seem to be largely overestimated In the smart cities narrative, vegetation is relegated without considering plants nor the ecosystemic  services Animals  presence is never addressed, in spite of their role in sustainability To neglect this means to be blind of the interconnection network of aspects and problems serious problems occur poverty unemployment forced immigration pollution , marginalization and violence the model is just  not exportable


Question: Gonella et al 19

Smart cities are a myth—they are simply not exportable and do not account for ecosystems

Gonella et al 19 - ("Is technology optimism justified? A discussion towards a comprehensive narrative," Science Direct, published 6-20-2019, accessed 7-19-2024, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619308170)//marlborough-am

the effects of innovative tech seem to be largely overestimated In the smart cities narrative, vegetation is relegated without considering plants nor the ecosystemic  services Animals  presence is never addressed, in spite of their role in sustainability To neglect this means to be blind of the interconnection network of aspects and problems serious problems occur poverty unemployment forced immigration pollution , marginalization and violence the model is just  not exportable


Question: smart cities not exportable

Smart cities are a myth—they are simply not exportable and do not account for ecosystems

Gonella et al 19 - ("Is technology optimism justified? A discussion towards a comprehensive narrative," Science Direct, published 6-20-2019, accessed 7-19-2024, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619308170)//marlborough-am

the effects of innovative tech seem to be largely overestimated In the smart cities narrative, vegetation is relegated without considering plants nor the ecosystemic  services Animals  presence is never addressed, in spite of their role in sustainability To neglect this means to be blind of the interconnection network of aspects and problems serious problems occur poverty unemployment forced immigration pollution , marginalization and violence the model is just  not exportable


Question: smart cities overlook ecosystems

Smart cities are a myth—they are simply not exportable and do not account for ecosystems

Gonella et al 19 - ("Is technology optimism justified? A discussion towards a comprehensive narrative," Science Direct, published 6-20-2019, accessed 7-19-2024, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619308170)//marlborough-am

the effects of innovative tech seem to be largely overestimated In the smart cities narrative, vegetation is relegated without considering plants nor the ecosystemic  services Animals  presence is never addressed, in spite of their role in sustainability To neglect this means to be blind of the interconnection network of aspects and problems serious problems occur poverty unemployment forced immigration pollution , marginalization and violence the model is just  not exportable


Question: technology optimism justified

Smart cities are a myth—they are simply not exportable and do not account for ecosystems

Gonella et al 19 - ("Is technology optimism justified? A discussion towards a comprehensive narrative," Science Direct, published 6-20-2019, accessed 7-19-2024, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619308170)//marlborough-am

the effects of innovative tech seem to be largely overestimated In the smart cities narrative, vegetation is relegated without considering plants nor the ecosystemic  services Animals  presence is never addressed, in spite of their role in sustainability To neglect this means to be blind of the interconnection network of aspects and problems serious problems occur poverty unemployment forced immigration pollution , marginalization and violence the model is just  not exportable


Question: vegetation relegated in smart cities

Smart cities are a myth—they are simply not exportable and do not account for ecosystems

Gonella et al 19 - ("Is technology optimism justified? A discussion towards a comprehensive narrative," Science Direct, published 6-20-2019, accessed 7-19-2024, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619308170)//marlborough-am

the effects of innovative tech seem to be largely overestimated In the smart cities narrative, vegetation is relegated without considering plants nor the ecosystemic  services Animals  presence is never addressed, in spite of their role in sustainability To neglect this means to be blind of the interconnection network of aspects and problems serious problems occur poverty unemployment forced immigration pollution , marginalization and violence the model is just  not exportable


Question: smart cities and ecosystems

Smart cities are a myth—they are simply not exportable and do not account for ecosystems

Gonella et al 19 - ("Is technology optimism justified? A discussion towards a comprehensive narrative," Science Direct, published 6-20-2019, accessed 7-19-2024, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619308170)//marlborough-am

the effects of innovative tech seem to be largely overestimated In the smart cities narrative, vegetation is relegated without considering plants nor the ecosystemic  services Animals  presence is never addressed, in spite of their role in sustainability To neglect this means to be blind of the interconnection network of aspects and problems serious problems occur poverty unemployment forced immigration pollution , marginalization and violence the model is just  not exportable


Question: Climate change is the root

Their evidence concedes that climate change is the root cause.

Peter Gleick 21, MacArthur Fellow, Member of the US National Academy of Sciences and Hydroclimatologist, B.S. from Yale University and M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, “Water Recommendation for the New Administration”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 77, 2021

Climate changes are already  affect ing US water resources and will worsen Water problems will be a source of conflict many countries will experience shortages that risk state failure , increase tensions , and distract from working on important objectives threat multipliers pose challenges for the world at large US foreign policy should reduc risks around the world conflict-resolution and management hold promise to address problems federal actions should include judicial actions The need is great, but so are opportunities


Question: Peter Gleick water

Their evidence concedes that climate change is the root cause.

Peter Gleick 21, MacArthur Fellow, Member of the US National Academy of Sciences and Hydroclimatologist, B.S. from Yale University and M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, “Water Recommendation for the New Administration”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 77, 2021

Climate changes are already  affect ing US water resources and will worsen Water problems will be a source of conflict many countries will experience shortages that risk state failure , increase tensions , and distract from working on important objectives threat multipliers pose challenges for the world at large US foreign policy should reduc risks around the world conflict-resolution and management hold promise to address problems federal actions should include judicial actions The need is great, but so are opportunities


Question: US water climate change

Their evidence concedes that climate change is the root cause.

Peter Gleick 21, MacArthur Fellow, Member of the US National Academy of Sciences and Hydroclimatologist, B.S. from Yale University and M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, “Water Recommendation for the New Administration”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 77, 2021

Climate changes are already  affect ing US water resources and will worsen Water problems will be a source of conflict many countries will experience shortages that risk state failure , increase tensions , and distract from working on important objectives threat multipliers pose challenges for the world at large US foreign policy should reduc risks around the world conflict-resolution and management hold promise to address problems federal actions should include judicial actions The need is great, but so are opportunities


Question: Gleick 21 water resources

Their evidence concedes that climate change is the root cause.

Peter Gleick 21, MacArthur Fellow, Member of the US National Academy of Sciences and Hydroclimatologist, B.S. from Yale University and M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, “Water Recommendation for the New Administration”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 77, 2021

Climate changes are already  affect ing US water resources and will worsen Water problems will be a source of conflict many countries will experience shortages that risk state failure , increase tensions , and distract from working on important objectives threat multipliers pose challenges for the world at large US foreign policy should reduc risks around the world conflict-resolution and management hold promise to address problems federal actions should include judicial actions The need is great, but so are opportunities


Question: climate change root cause

Their evidence concedes that climate change is the root cause.

Peter Gleick 21, MacArthur Fellow, Member of the US National Academy of Sciences and Hydroclimatologist, B.S. from Yale University and M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, “Water Recommendation for the New Administration”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 77, 2021

Climate changes are already  affect ing US water resources and will worsen Water problems will be a source of conflict many countries will experience shortages that risk state failure , increase tensions , and distract from working on important objectives threat multipliers pose challenges for the world at large US foreign policy should reduc risks around the world conflict-resolution and management hold promise to address problems federal actions should include judicial actions The need is great, but so are opportunities


Question: water and climate change

Their evidence concedes that climate change is the root cause.

Peter Gleick 21, MacArthur Fellow, Member of the US National Academy of Sciences and Hydroclimatologist, B.S. from Yale University and M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, “Water Recommendation for the New Administration”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 77, 2021

Climate changes are already  affect ing US water resources and will worsen Water problems will be a source of conflict many countries will experience shortages that risk state failure , increase tensions , and distract from working on important objectives threat multipliers pose challenges for the world at large US foreign policy should reduc risks around the world conflict-resolution and management hold promise to address problems federal actions should include judicial actions The need is great, but so are opportunities


Question: climate change worsens water problems

Their evidence concedes that climate change is the root cause.

Peter Gleick 21, MacArthur Fellow, Member of the US National Academy of Sciences and Hydroclimatologist, B.S. from Yale University and M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, “Water Recommendation for the New Administration”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 77, 2021

Climate changes are already  affect ing US water resources and will worsen Water problems will be a source of conflict many countries will experience shortages that risk state failure , increase tensions , and distract from working on important objectives threat multipliers pose challenges for the world at large US foreign policy should reduc risks around the world conflict-resolution and management hold promise to address problems federal actions should include judicial actions The need is great, but so are opportunities


Question: Food insecurity causes global wars

Food insecurity causes global wars

LEHANE Research Manager at Future Directions International 2017 (Sinead, “Shaping Conflict in the 21st Century—The Future of Food and Water Security “, http://www.hidropolitikakademi.org/shaping-conflict-in-the-21st-century-the-future-of-food-and-water-security.html, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR WAKE18]

Those who view security through a traditional len overlook complexities of conflict triggers in the 21st century declining arable land will place pressure on those countries least equipped to deal increasing risk of inter- and intra-state conflict Land and water won’t move, but food and people will , a is likely to intensify onflict resource scarcity will encourage states with shortages to become more aggressive encroaching on transboundary river basins 263 basins cross the political boundaries of two or more countries wars of the 21st century will involve failed states insurgencie s and terrorism . All triggered by competition over resource food will tress Middle East and elsewhere


Question: Lehane 2017

Food insecurity causes global wars

LEHANE Research Manager at Future Directions International 2017 (Sinead, “Shaping Conflict in the 21st Century—The Future of Food and Water Security “, http://www.hidropolitikakademi.org/shaping-conflict-in-the-21st-century-the-future-of-food-and-water-security.html, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR WAKE18]

Those who view security through a traditional len overlook complexities of conflict triggers in the 21st century declining arable land will place pressure on those countries least equipped to deal increasing risk of inter- and intra-state conflict Land and water won’t move, but food and people will , a is likely to intensify onflict resource scarcity will encourage states with shortages to become more aggressive encroaching on transboundary river basins 263 basins cross the political boundaries of two or more countries wars of the 21st century will involve failed states insurgencie s and terrorism . All triggered by competition over resource food will tress Middle East and elsewhere


Question: food and water security

Food insecurity causes global wars

LEHANE Research Manager at Future Directions International 2017 (Sinead, “Shaping Conflict in the 21st Century—The Future of Food and Water Security “, http://www.hidropolitikakademi.org/shaping-conflict-in-the-21st-century-the-future-of-food-and-water-security.html, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR WAKE18]

Those who view security through a traditional len overlook complexities of conflict triggers in the 21st century declining arable land will place pressure on those countries least equipped to deal increasing risk of inter- and intra-state conflict Land and water won’t move, but food and people will , a is likely to intensify onflict resource scarcity will encourage states with shortages to become more aggressive encroaching on transboundary river basins 263 basins cross the political boundaries of two or more countries wars of the 21st century will involve failed states insurgencie s and terrorism . All triggered by competition over resource food will tress Middle East and elsewhere


Question: food insecurity conflict

Food insecurity causes global wars

LEHANE Research Manager at Future Directions International 2017 (Sinead, “Shaping Conflict in the 21st Century—The Future of Food and Water Security “, http://www.hidropolitikakademi.org/shaping-conflict-in-the-21st-century-the-future-of-food-and-water-security.html, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR WAKE18]

Those who view security through a traditional len overlook complexities of conflict triggers in the 21st century declining arable land will place pressure on those countries least equipped to deal increasing risk of inter- and intra-state conflict Land and water won’t move, but food and people will , a is likely to intensify onflict resource scarcity will encourage states with shortages to become more aggressive encroaching on transboundary river basins 263 basins cross the political boundaries of two or more countries wars of the 21st century will involve failed states insurgencie s and terrorism . All triggered by competition over resource food will tress Middle East and elsewhere


Question: resource scarcity wars

Food insecurity causes global wars

LEHANE Research Manager at Future Directions International 2017 (Sinead, “Shaping Conflict in the 21st Century—The Future of Food and Water Security “, http://www.hidropolitikakademi.org/shaping-conflict-in-the-21st-century-the-future-of-food-and-water-security.html, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR WAKE18]

Those who view security through a traditional len overlook complexities of conflict triggers in the 21st century declining arable land will place pressure on those countries least equipped to deal increasing risk of inter- and intra-state conflict Land and water won’t move, but food and people will , a is likely to intensify onflict resource scarcity will encourage states with shortages to become more aggressive encroaching on transboundary river basins 263 basins cross the political boundaries of two or more countries wars of the 21st century will involve failed states insurgencie s and terrorism . All triggered by competition over resource food will tress Middle East and elsewhere


Question: wars of the 21st century

Food insecurity causes global wars

LEHANE Research Manager at Future Directions International 2017 (Sinead, “Shaping Conflict in the 21st Century—The Future of Food and Water Security “, http://www.hidropolitikakademi.org/shaping-conflict-in-the-21st-century-the-future-of-food-and-water-security.html, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR WAKE18]

Those who view security through a traditional len overlook complexities of conflict triggers in the 21st century declining arable land will place pressure on those countries least equipped to deal increasing risk of inter- and intra-state conflict Land and water won’t move, but food and people will , a is likely to intensify onflict resource scarcity will encourage states with shortages to become more aggressive encroaching on transboundary river basins 263 basins cross the political boundaries of two or more countries wars of the 21st century will involve failed states insurgencie s and terrorism . All triggered by competition over resource food will tress Middle East and elsewhere


Question: food insecurity causes terrorism

Food insecurity causes global wars

LEHANE Research Manager at Future Directions International 2017 (Sinead, “Shaping Conflict in the 21st Century—The Future of Food and Water Security “, http://www.hidropolitikakademi.org/shaping-conflict-in-the-21st-century-the-future-of-food-and-water-security.html, [CORNELL DBT] note://// indicates par.breaks)[AR WAKE18]

Those who view security through a traditional len overlook complexities of conflict triggers in the 21st century declining arable land will place pressure on those countries least equipped to deal increasing risk of inter- and intra-state conflict Land and water won’t move, but food and people will , a is likely to intensify onflict resource scarcity will encourage states with shortages to become more aggressive encroaching on transboundary river basins 263 basins cross the political boundaries of two or more countries wars of the 21st century will involve failed states insurgencie s and terrorism . All triggered by competition over resource food will tress Middle East and elsewhere


Question: That goes nuclear

That goes nuclear.

Maavak ’21 [Mathew; 2021; Ph.D. in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council; Salus Journal – The Australian Journal for Law Enforcement, Security and Intelligence Professionals, “Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?,” vol. 9]

a Second Depression will have implications for security couplings enabled risks in one area to snowball Economic stressors induce geopolitical realignments with U S and China ripples will be felt Think of debt-laden workforce at nuclear and chemical plants with a surge in accidents catalyst behind WWII was Depression history repeats itself Balloon effects include Iran war ; US-China confrontation over Taiwan or S C S Korean prolif India-Pak nuclear war or nuclear confrontation between NATO and Russia


Question: Maavak 21

That goes nuclear.

Maavak ’21 [Mathew; 2021; Ph.D. in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council; Salus Journal – The Australian Journal for Law Enforcement, Security and Intelligence Professionals, “Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?,” vol. 9]

a Second Depression will have implications for security couplings enabled risks in one area to snowball Economic stressors induce geopolitical realignments with U S and China ripples will be felt Think of debt-laden workforce at nuclear and chemical plants with a surge in accidents catalyst behind WWII was Depression history repeats itself Balloon effects include Iran war ; US-China confrontation over Taiwan or S C S Korean prolif India-Pak nuclear war or nuclear confrontation between NATO and Russia


Question: Second depression causes nuclear war

That goes nuclear.

Maavak ’21 [Mathew; 2021; Ph.D. in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council; Salus Journal – The Australian Journal for Law Enforcement, Security and Intelligence Professionals, “Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?,” vol. 9]

a Second Depression will have implications for security couplings enabled risks in one area to snowball Economic stressors induce geopolitical realignments with U S and China ripples will be felt Think of debt-laden workforce at nuclear and chemical plants with a surge in accidents catalyst behind WWII was Depression history repeats itself Balloon effects include Iran war ; US-China confrontation over Taiwan or S C S Korean prolif India-Pak nuclear war or nuclear confrontation between NATO and Russia


Question: Economic stressors cause geopolitical realignment

That goes nuclear.

Maavak ’21 [Mathew; 2021; Ph.D. in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council; Salus Journal – The Australian Journal for Law Enforcement, Security and Intelligence Professionals, “Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?,” vol. 9]

a Second Depression will have implications for security couplings enabled risks in one area to snowball Economic stressors induce geopolitical realignments with U S and China ripples will be felt Think of debt-laden workforce at nuclear and chemical plants with a surge in accidents catalyst behind WWII was Depression history repeats itself Balloon effects include Iran war ; US-China confrontation over Taiwan or S C S Korean prolif India-Pak nuclear war or nuclear confrontation between NATO and Russia


Question: US China war taiwan

That goes nuclear.

Maavak ’21 [Mathew; 2021; Ph.D. in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council; Salus Journal – The Australian Journal for Law Enforcement, Security and Intelligence Professionals, “Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?,” vol. 9]

a Second Depression will have implications for security couplings enabled risks in one area to snowball Economic stressors induce geopolitical realignments with U S and China ripples will be felt Think of debt-laden workforce at nuclear and chemical plants with a surge in accidents catalyst behind WWII was Depression history repeats itself Balloon effects include Iran war ; US-China confrontation over Taiwan or S C S Korean prolif India-Pak nuclear war or nuclear confrontation between NATO and Russia


Question: India Pakistan nuclear war

That goes nuclear.

Maavak ’21 [Mathew; 2021; Ph.D. in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council; Salus Journal – The Australian Journal for Law Enforcement, Security and Intelligence Professionals, “Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?,” vol. 9]

a Second Depression will have implications for security couplings enabled risks in one area to snowball Economic stressors induce geopolitical realignments with U S and China ripples will be felt Think of debt-laden workforce at nuclear and chemical plants with a surge in accidents catalyst behind WWII was Depression history repeats itself Balloon effects include Iran war ; US-China confrontation over Taiwan or S C S Korean prolif India-Pak nuclear war or nuclear confrontation between NATO and Russia


Question: NATO Russia nuclear confrontation

That goes nuclear.

Maavak ’21 [Mathew; 2021; Ph.D. in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council; Salus Journal – The Australian Journal for Law Enforcement, Security and Intelligence Professionals, “Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?,” vol. 9]

a Second Depression will have implications for security couplings enabled risks in one area to snowball Economic stressors induce geopolitical realignments with U S and China ripples will be felt Think of debt-laden workforce at nuclear and chemical plants with a surge in accidents catalyst behind WWII was Depression history repeats itself Balloon effects include Iran war ; US-China confrontation over Taiwan or S C S Korean prolif India-Pak nuclear war or nuclear confrontation between NATO and Russia


Question: Alkaline materials are temporary

2. DISSIPATION: alkaline materials are temporary and degrade.

Church 24, Fisheries Policy Director at the Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen’s Alliance, Professional Science M.A. from UMass Dartmouth’s School for Marine Science and Technology (Aubrey Church, July 8, 2024, “Comment submitted by Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen's Alliance (CCFA),” https://www.regulations.gov/comment/EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0591-0070)

While alkaline must be at ocean surface to remove carbon dye will disperse vertically this creates conflicts with marine users and fisheries destratification to hurricane s or storms could cause alkalinity to go below the layer


Question: Church 2024

2. DISSIPATION: alkaline materials are temporary and degrade.

Church 24, Fisheries Policy Director at the Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen’s Alliance, Professional Science M.A. from UMass Dartmouth’s School for Marine Science and Technology (Aubrey Church, July 8, 2024, “Comment submitted by Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen's Alliance (CCFA),” https://www.regulations.gov/comment/EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0591-0070)

While alkaline must be at ocean surface to remove carbon dye will disperse vertically this creates conflicts with marine users and fisheries destratification to hurricane s or storms could cause alkalinity to go below the layer


Question: Aubrey Church

2. DISSIPATION: alkaline materials are temporary and degrade.

Church 24, Fisheries Policy Director at the Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen’s Alliance, Professional Science M.A. from UMass Dartmouth’s School for Marine Science and Technology (Aubrey Church, July 8, 2024, “Comment submitted by Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen's Alliance (CCFA),” https://www.regulations.gov/comment/EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0591-0070)

While alkaline must be at ocean surface to remove carbon dye will disperse vertically this creates conflicts with marine users and fisheries destratification to hurricane s or storms could cause alkalinity to go below the layer


Question: Alkaline materials degrade

2. DISSIPATION: alkaline materials are temporary and degrade.

Church 24, Fisheries Policy Director at the Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen’s Alliance, Professional Science M.A. from UMass Dartmouth’s School for Marine Science and Technology (Aubrey Church, July 8, 2024, “Comment submitted by Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen's Alliance (CCFA),” https://www.regulations.gov/comment/EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0591-0070)

While alkaline must be at ocean surface to remove carbon dye will disperse vertically this creates conflicts with marine users and fisheries destratification to hurricane s or storms could cause alkalinity to go below the layer


Question: alkalinity disperse vertically

2. DISSIPATION: alkaline materials are temporary and degrade.

Church 24, Fisheries Policy Director at the Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen’s Alliance, Professional Science M.A. from UMass Dartmouth’s School for Marine Science and Technology (Aubrey Church, July 8, 2024, “Comment submitted by Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen's Alliance (CCFA),” https://www.regulations.gov/comment/EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0591-0070)

While alkaline must be at ocean surface to remove carbon dye will disperse vertically this creates conflicts with marine users and fisheries destratification to hurricane s or storms could cause alkalinity to go below the layer


Question: alkalinity temporary

2. DISSIPATION: alkaline materials are temporary and degrade.

Church 24, Fisheries Policy Director at the Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen’s Alliance, Professional Science M.A. from UMass Dartmouth’s School for Marine Science and Technology (Aubrey Church, July 8, 2024, “Comment submitted by Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen's Alliance (CCFA),” https://www.regulations.gov/comment/EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0591-0070)

While alkaline must be at ocean surface to remove carbon dye will disperse vertically this creates conflicts with marine users and fisheries destratification to hurricane s or storms could cause alkalinity to go below the layer


Question: Alkaline ocean surface

2. DISSIPATION: alkaline materials are temporary and degrade.

Church 24, Fisheries Policy Director at the Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen’s Alliance, Professional Science M.A. from UMass Dartmouth’s School for Marine Science and Technology (Aubrey Church, July 8, 2024, “Comment submitted by Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen's Alliance (CCFA),” https://www.regulations.gov/comment/EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0591-0070)

While alkaline must be at ocean surface to remove carbon dye will disperse vertically this creates conflicts with marine users and fisheries destratification to hurricane s or storms could cause alkalinity to go below the layer


Question: Carbon tax dividends key to resilience

A carbon tax with dividends targeted at communities disproportionately impacted by fossil fuel production and pollution is key to ensuring a clean energy transition that does reproduce modes of sacrifice that are inevitable in the status quo AND its key to open up spaces of resilience against the unsustainability of clean energy.

Fang ’22 (Clara Fang is Senior Fellow at Citizens’ Climate International and co-leader of the Detroit chapter of Citizens’ Climate Lobby, an international organization that builds political will for climate solutions, “OPINION: Can a carbon tax support environmental justice?”, Planet Detroit Opinion Piece, January 2022, https://planetdetroit.org/2022/01/opinion-can-a-carbon-tax-support-environmental-justice/, [SG])

communities of color suffered the impacts of pollution while white-led environmental organizations did little to help. Unless climate solutions center communities historically overburdened, the people hit hardest by climate change will not benefit carbon tax bills bear little resemblance to old problematic ones and support environmental justice goals tax on energy companies would increase until emissions are reduced 90 percent by 2050 calls for the revenue to be distributed in dividend checks enough to offset rising energy costs use revenue to fund energy efficiency for lower-income households, job training, and remedy the impact of fossil fuel development taxes on air pollutants like SO2, NOx and PM2.5 emitted within one mile of in conjunction with other clean energy incentives and control standards accelerate the transition to zero emissions Similar policies used successfully to curb sulfur emissions and tobacco use . Opposition to carbon pricing attributed to badly written policies utilizing e t s or “cap and trade,