Question: nuclear danger in Asia

2. ASIAN PROLIF.

Cimbala ’23 [Stephen and Adam Lowther; June 2023; Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Wisconsin, Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Penn State University; Ph.D. from the University of Alabama, Director of Research and Education at the Louisiana Tech Research Institute; Springer, “Nuclear Danger in Asia: Arms Races or Stability?” p. 266-280]

Unstable c and c over nuc s could be joined to nationalist hostility Leaders will have objectives less road tested against accidental or deliberate escalation Asia misperceive they are under attack based on deficient indicators or mistake s Hostile powers employ first use against allies combination of nuclear and cyber create escalation into a nuclear crisis


Question: Asia nuclear crisis

2. ASIAN PROLIF.

Cimbala ’23 [Stephen and Adam Lowther; June 2023; Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Wisconsin, Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Penn State University; Ph.D. from the University of Alabama, Director of Research and Education at the Louisiana Tech Research Institute; Springer, “Nuclear Danger in Asia: Arms Races or Stability?” p. 266-280]

Unstable c and c over nuc s could be joined to nationalist hostility Leaders will have objectives less road tested against accidental or deliberate escalation Asia misperceive they are under attack based on deficient indicators or mistake s Hostile powers employ first use against allies combination of nuclear and cyber create escalation into a nuclear crisis


Question: nationalist hostility nuclear

2. ASIAN PROLIF.

Cimbala ’23 [Stephen and Adam Lowther; June 2023; Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Wisconsin, Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Penn State University; Ph.D. from the University of Alabama, Director of Research and Education at the Louisiana Tech Research Institute; Springer, “Nuclear Danger in Asia: Arms Races or Stability?” p. 266-280]

Unstable c and c over nuc s could be joined to nationalist hostility Leaders will have objectives less road tested against accidental or deliberate escalation Asia misperceive they are under attack based on deficient indicators or mistake s Hostile powers employ first use against allies combination of nuclear and cyber create escalation into a nuclear crisis


Question: Expectations fuel inflation

Expectations fuel actual inflation AND determine Fed policy.

Wessel ’20 [David, James Lee, and Tyler Powell; June 27; Senior Fellow in Economic Studies at Brookings and Director of the Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Research Analyst at The Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Research Analyst at The Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Brookings Institute, “What are inflation expectations? Why do they matter,” https://www.brookings.edu/articles/what-are-inflation-expectations-why-do-they-matter]

Inflation expectations matter because actual inflation depends on what we expect If everyone expects prices to rise businesses raise prices Bernanke elaborated expectations important determinant of realized inflation central bank behavior influence expectations In response to high inflation Fed began raising rates Powell highlighted expectations in deliberations One of the factors was expectations expectations have risen , and inflation revised up notably committee decided increase in target was warranted


Question: Wessel 2020

Expectations fuel actual inflation AND determine Fed policy.

Wessel ’20 [David, James Lee, and Tyler Powell; June 27; Senior Fellow in Economic Studies at Brookings and Director of the Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Research Analyst at The Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Research Analyst at The Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Brookings Institute, “What are inflation expectations? Why do they matter,” https://www.brookings.edu/articles/what-are-inflation-expectations-why-do-they-matter]

Inflation expectations matter because actual inflation depends on what we expect If everyone expects prices to rise businesses raise prices Bernanke elaborated expectations important determinant of realized inflation central bank behavior influence expectations In response to high inflation Fed began raising rates Powell highlighted expectations in deliberations One of the factors was expectations expectations have risen , and inflation revised up notably committee decided increase in target was warranted


Question: Brookings institute

Expectations fuel actual inflation AND determine Fed policy.

Wessel ’20 [David, James Lee, and Tyler Powell; June 27; Senior Fellow in Economic Studies at Brookings and Director of the Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Research Analyst at The Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Research Analyst at The Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Brookings Institute, “What are inflation expectations? Why do they matter,” https://www.brookings.edu/articles/what-are-inflation-expectations-why-do-they-matter]

Inflation expectations matter because actual inflation depends on what we expect If everyone expects prices to rise businesses raise prices Bernanke elaborated expectations important determinant of realized inflation central bank behavior influence expectations In response to high inflation Fed began raising rates Powell highlighted expectations in deliberations One of the factors was expectations expectations have risen , and inflation revised up notably committee decided increase in target was warranted


Question: inflation depends on expectations

Expectations fuel actual inflation AND determine Fed policy.

Wessel ’20 [David, James Lee, and Tyler Powell; June 27; Senior Fellow in Economic Studies at Brookings and Director of the Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Research Analyst at The Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Research Analyst at The Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Brookings Institute, “What are inflation expectations? Why do they matter,” https://www.brookings.edu/articles/what-are-inflation-expectations-why-do-they-matter]

Inflation expectations matter because actual inflation depends on what we expect If everyone expects prices to rise businesses raise prices Bernanke elaborated expectations important determinant of realized inflation central bank behavior influence expectations In response to high inflation Fed began raising rates Powell highlighted expectations in deliberations One of the factors was expectations expectations have risen , and inflation revised up notably committee decided increase in target was warranted


Question: fed policy expectations

Expectations fuel actual inflation AND determine Fed policy.

Wessel ’20 [David, James Lee, and Tyler Powell; June 27; Senior Fellow in Economic Studies at Brookings and Director of the Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Research Analyst at The Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Research Analyst at The Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Brookings Institute, “What are inflation expectations? Why do they matter,” https://www.brookings.edu/articles/what-are-inflation-expectations-why-do-they-matter]

Inflation expectations matter because actual inflation depends on what we expect If everyone expects prices to rise businesses raise prices Bernanke elaborated expectations important determinant of realized inflation central bank behavior influence expectations In response to high inflation Fed began raising rates Powell highlighted expectations in deliberations One of the factors was expectations expectations have risen , and inflation revised up notably committee decided increase in target was warranted


Question: central bank behavior influence

Expectations fuel actual inflation AND determine Fed policy.

Wessel ’20 [David, James Lee, and Tyler Powell; June 27; Senior Fellow in Economic Studies at Brookings and Director of the Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Research Analyst at The Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Research Analyst at The Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Brookings Institute, “What are inflation expectations? Why do they matter,” https://www.brookings.edu/articles/what-are-inflation-expectations-why-do-they-matter]

Inflation expectations matter because actual inflation depends on what we expect If everyone expects prices to rise businesses raise prices Bernanke elaborated expectations important determinant of realized inflation central bank behavior influence expectations In response to high inflation Fed began raising rates Powell highlighted expectations in deliberations One of the factors was expectations expectations have risen , and inflation revised up notably committee decided increase in target was warranted


Question: inflation expectations matter

Expectations fuel actual inflation AND determine Fed policy.

Wessel ’20 [David, James Lee, and Tyler Powell; June 27; Senior Fellow in Economic Studies at Brookings and Director of the Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Research Analyst at The Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Research Analyst at The Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Brookings Institute, “What are inflation expectations? Why do they matter,” https://www.brookings.edu/articles/what-are-inflation-expectations-why-do-they-matter]

Inflation expectations matter because actual inflation depends on what we expect If everyone expects prices to rise businesses raise prices Bernanke elaborated expectations important determinant of realized inflation central bank behavior influence expectations In response to high inflation Fed began raising rates Powell highlighted expectations in deliberations One of the factors was expectations expectations have risen , and inflation revised up notably committee decided increase in target was warranted


Question: Bernanke expectations inflation

Expectations fuel actual inflation AND determine Fed policy.

Wessel ’20 [David, James Lee, and Tyler Powell; June 27; Senior Fellow in Economic Studies at Brookings and Director of the Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Research Analyst at The Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Research Analyst at The Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Brookings Institute, “What are inflation expectations? Why do they matter,” https://www.brookings.edu/articles/what-are-inflation-expectations-why-do-they-matter]

Inflation expectations matter because actual inflation depends on what we expect If everyone expects prices to rise businesses raise prices Bernanke elaborated expectations important determinant of realized inflation central bank behavior influence expectations In response to high inflation Fed began raising rates Powell highlighted expectations in deliberations One of the factors was expectations expectations have risen , and inflation revised up notably committee decided increase in target was warranted


Question: Methane is key

Methane key.

Pep Canadell 24. Chief Research Scientist, CSIRO Environment; Executive Director, Global Carbon Project, CSIRO. “Methane emissions are at new highs. It could put us on a dangerous climate path.” https://theconversation.com/methane-emissions-are-at-new-highs-it-could-put-us-on-a-dangerous-climate-path-237809#:~:text=Methane%20is%20not%20slowing&text=Since%20then%2C%20however%2C%20methane%20has,is%20constantly%20being%20broken%20down.

humans have supercharged methane only short-term levers to slow the rate of climate change Although human activities emit less methane 80 times as effective as CO ₂ in trapping heat methane rapidly mixes carbon dioxide is a much more stable molecule combination of short lifespan and extreme potency make methane an excellent candidate for efforts to rapidly tackle climate change


Question: Pep Canadell 24

Methane key.

Pep Canadell 24. Chief Research Scientist, CSIRO Environment; Executive Director, Global Carbon Project, CSIRO. “Methane emissions are at new highs. It could put us on a dangerous climate path.” https://theconversation.com/methane-emissions-are-at-new-highs-it-could-put-us-on-a-dangerous-climate-path-237809#:~:text=Methane%20is%20not%20slowing&text=Since%20then%2C%20however%2C%20methane%20has,is%20constantly%20being%20broken%20down.

humans have supercharged methane only short-term levers to slow the rate of climate change Although human activities emit less methane 80 times as effective as CO ₂ in trapping heat methane rapidly mixes carbon dioxide is a much more stable molecule combination of short lifespan and extreme potency make methane an excellent candidate for efforts to rapidly tackle climate change


Question: methane emissions high

Methane key.

Pep Canadell 24. Chief Research Scientist, CSIRO Environment; Executive Director, Global Carbon Project, CSIRO. “Methane emissions are at new highs. It could put us on a dangerous climate path.” https://theconversation.com/methane-emissions-are-at-new-highs-it-could-put-us-on-a-dangerous-climate-path-237809#:~:text=Methane%20is%20not%20slowing&text=Since%20then%2C%20however%2C%20methane%20has,is%20constantly%20being%20broken%20down.

humans have supercharged methane only short-term levers to slow the rate of climate change Although human activities emit less methane 80 times as effective as CO ₂ in trapping heat methane rapidly mixes carbon dioxide is a much more stable molecule combination of short lifespan and extreme potency make methane an excellent candidate for efforts to rapidly tackle climate change


Question: methane effective trapping heat

Methane key.

Pep Canadell 24. Chief Research Scientist, CSIRO Environment; Executive Director, Global Carbon Project, CSIRO. “Methane emissions are at new highs. It could put us on a dangerous climate path.” https://theconversation.com/methane-emissions-are-at-new-highs-it-could-put-us-on-a-dangerous-climate-path-237809#:~:text=Methane%20is%20not%20slowing&text=Since%20then%2C%20however%2C%20methane%20has,is%20constantly%20being%20broken%20down.

humans have supercharged methane only short-term levers to slow the rate of climate change Although human activities emit less methane 80 times as effective as CO ₂ in trapping heat methane rapidly mixes carbon dioxide is a much more stable molecule combination of short lifespan and extreme potency make methane an excellent candidate for efforts to rapidly tackle climate change


Question: methane short term climate levers

Methane key.

Pep Canadell 24. Chief Research Scientist, CSIRO Environment; Executive Director, Global Carbon Project, CSIRO. “Methane emissions are at new highs. It could put us on a dangerous climate path.” https://theconversation.com/methane-emissions-are-at-new-highs-it-could-put-us-on-a-dangerous-climate-path-237809#:~:text=Methane%20is%20not%20slowing&text=Since%20then%2C%20however%2C%20methane%20has,is%20constantly%20being%20broken%20down.

humans have supercharged methane only short-term levers to slow the rate of climate change Although human activities emit less methane 80 times as effective as CO ₂ in trapping heat methane rapidly mixes carbon dioxide is a much more stable molecule combination of short lifespan and extreme potency make methane an excellent candidate for efforts to rapidly tackle climate change


Question: methane excellent candidate climate change

Methane key.

Pep Canadell 24. Chief Research Scientist, CSIRO Environment; Executive Director, Global Carbon Project, CSIRO. “Methane emissions are at new highs. It could put us on a dangerous climate path.” https://theconversation.com/methane-emissions-are-at-new-highs-it-could-put-us-on-a-dangerous-climate-path-237809#:~:text=Methane%20is%20not%20slowing&text=Since%20then%2C%20however%2C%20methane%20has,is%20constantly%20being%20broken%20down.

humans have supercharged methane only short-term levers to slow the rate of climate change Although human activities emit less methane 80 times as effective as CO ₂ in trapping heat methane rapidly mixes carbon dioxide is a much more stable molecule combination of short lifespan and extreme potency make methane an excellent candidate for efforts to rapidly tackle climate change


Question: methane rapidly mixes

Methane key.

Pep Canadell 24. Chief Research Scientist, CSIRO Environment; Executive Director, Global Carbon Project, CSIRO. “Methane emissions are at new highs. It could put us on a dangerous climate path.” https://theconversation.com/methane-emissions-are-at-new-highs-it-could-put-us-on-a-dangerous-climate-path-237809#:~:text=Methane%20is%20not%20slowing&text=Since%20then%2C%20however%2C%20methane%20has,is%20constantly%20being%20broken%20down.

humans have supercharged methane only short-term levers to slow the rate of climate change Although human activities emit less methane 80 times as effective as CO ₂ in trapping heat methane rapidly mixes carbon dioxide is a much more stable molecule combination of short lifespan and extreme potency make methane an excellent candidate for efforts to rapidly tackle climate change


Question: methane potency

Methane key.

Pep Canadell 24. Chief Research Scientist, CSIRO Environment; Executive Director, Global Carbon Project, CSIRO. “Methane emissions are at new highs. It could put us on a dangerous climate path.” https://theconversation.com/methane-emissions-are-at-new-highs-it-could-put-us-on-a-dangerous-climate-path-237809#:~:text=Methane%20is%20not%20slowing&text=Since%20then%2C%20however%2C%20methane%20has,is%20constantly%20being%20broken%20down.

humans have supercharged methane only short-term levers to slow the rate of climate change Although human activities emit less methane 80 times as effective as CO ₂ in trapping heat methane rapidly mixes carbon dioxide is a much more stable molecule combination of short lifespan and extreme potency make methane an excellent candidate for efforts to rapidly tackle climate change


Question: Israel-Iran conflict doesn’t escalate

Israel-Iran conflict doesn’t escalate nor does Israel preemptively strike.

Robertson 24 (Nic, award-winning CNN International Diplomatic Editor, “Can Netanyahu avoid triggering a regional war?”, CNN, April 17, 2024, https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/16/middleeast/analysis-israel-options-for-iran-attack-intl-latam/index.html, [SG])

allies are urging restraint calls for sanctions on Tehran growing Netanyahu’s next move will try to lock in sanctions Israel acting inside “red lines” to avoid escalation. “The threshold is flexible the Iranians will be careful, even after provocation starting war with the US or Israel . They are not there yet. The damage that can be inflicted is huge Iran won’t attack Israel it fears America’s reaction Netanyahu is  a political survivor .


Question: robertson 24

Israel-Iran conflict doesn’t escalate nor does Israel preemptively strike.

Robertson 24 (Nic, award-winning CNN International Diplomatic Editor, “Can Netanyahu avoid triggering a regional war?”, CNN, April 17, 2024, https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/16/middleeast/analysis-israel-options-for-iran-attack-intl-latam/index.html, [SG])

allies are urging restraint calls for sanctions on Tehran growing Netanyahu’s next move will try to lock in sanctions Israel acting inside “red lines” to avoid escalation. “The threshold is flexible the Iranians will be careful, even after provocation starting war with the US or Israel . They are not there yet. The damage that can be inflicted is huge Iran won’t attack Israel it fears America’s reaction Netanyahu is  a political survivor .


Question: Netanyahu avoid regional war

Israel-Iran conflict doesn’t escalate nor does Israel preemptively strike.

Robertson 24 (Nic, award-winning CNN International Diplomatic Editor, “Can Netanyahu avoid triggering a regional war?”, CNN, April 17, 2024, https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/16/middleeast/analysis-israel-options-for-iran-attack-intl-latam/index.html, [SG])

allies are urging restraint calls for sanctions on Tehran growing Netanyahu’s next move will try to lock in sanctions Israel acting inside “red lines” to avoid escalation. “The threshold is flexible the Iranians will be careful, even after provocation starting war with the US or Israel . They are not there yet. The damage that can be inflicted is huge Iran won’t attack Israel it fears America’s reaction Netanyahu is  a political survivor .


Question: Iran won't attack Israel

Israel-Iran conflict doesn’t escalate nor does Israel preemptively strike.

Robertson 24 (Nic, award-winning CNN International Diplomatic Editor, “Can Netanyahu avoid triggering a regional war?”, CNN, April 17, 2024, https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/16/middleeast/analysis-israel-options-for-iran-attack-intl-latam/index.html, [SG])

allies are urging restraint calls for sanctions on Tehran growing Netanyahu’s next move will try to lock in sanctions Israel acting inside “red lines” to avoid escalation. “The threshold is flexible the Iranians will be careful, even after provocation starting war with the US or Israel . They are not there yet. The damage that can be inflicted is huge Iran won’t attack Israel it fears America’s reaction Netanyahu is  a political survivor .


Question: allies urge restraint

Israel-Iran conflict doesn’t escalate nor does Israel preemptively strike.

Robertson 24 (Nic, award-winning CNN International Diplomatic Editor, “Can Netanyahu avoid triggering a regional war?”, CNN, April 17, 2024, https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/16/middleeast/analysis-israel-options-for-iran-attack-intl-latam/index.html, [SG])

allies are urging restraint calls for sanctions on Tehran growing Netanyahu’s next move will try to lock in sanctions Israel acting inside “red lines” to avoid escalation. “The threshold is flexible the Iranians will be careful, even after provocation starting war with the US or Israel . They are not there yet. The damage that can be inflicted is huge Iran won’t attack Israel it fears America’s reaction Netanyahu is  a political survivor .


Question: Israel avoids escalation

Israel-Iran conflict doesn’t escalate nor does Israel preemptively strike.

Robertson 24 (Nic, award-winning CNN International Diplomatic Editor, “Can Netanyahu avoid triggering a regional war?”, CNN, April 17, 2024, https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/16/middleeast/analysis-israel-options-for-iran-attack-intl-latam/index.html, [SG])

allies are urging restraint calls for sanctions on Tehran growing Netanyahu’s next move will try to lock in sanctions Israel acting inside “red lines” to avoid escalation. “The threshold is flexible the Iranians will be careful, even after provocation starting war with the US or Israel . They are not there yet. The damage that can be inflicted is huge Iran won’t attack Israel it fears America’s reaction Netanyahu is  a political survivor .


Question: iran sanctions netanyahu

Israel-Iran conflict doesn’t escalate nor does Israel preemptively strike.

Robertson 24 (Nic, award-winning CNN International Diplomatic Editor, “Can Netanyahu avoid triggering a regional war?”, CNN, April 17, 2024, https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/16/middleeast/analysis-israel-options-for-iran-attack-intl-latam/index.html, [SG])

allies are urging restraint calls for sanctions on Tehran growing Netanyahu’s next move will try to lock in sanctions Israel acting inside “red lines” to avoid escalation. “The threshold is flexible the Iranians will be careful, even after provocation starting war with the US or Israel . They are not there yet. The damage that can be inflicted is huge Iran won’t attack Israel it fears America’s reaction Netanyahu is  a political survivor .


Question: SEC climate disclosure rule fails

The SEC climate disclosure rule failed to resolve the root cause of ESG failures.

Vlahos 24 “SEC's Proposed ESG Disclosure Rule: Why It Fails to Remedy the Underlying Challenges Facing ESG Investing Practices” Nikki Vlahos is *JD. expected May 2024, The George Washington University Law School; B.A. in Political Science and Psychology. 2024 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/busfnclr7&div=5&id=&page=

SEC's Rule fails to deal with the underlying issues does not address absence of an enforceable definition overlooks true ambiguity lies in the way ranking agencies define materiality and provide rankings of ESGs render Rule ineffective also create possible legal challenges


Question: Vlahos 24

The SEC climate disclosure rule failed to resolve the root cause of ESG failures.

Vlahos 24 “SEC's Proposed ESG Disclosure Rule: Why It Fails to Remedy the Underlying Challenges Facing ESG Investing Practices” Nikki Vlahos is *JD. expected May 2024, The George Washington University Law School; B.A. in Political Science and Psychology. 2024 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/busfnclr7&div=5&id=&page=

SEC's Rule fails to deal with the underlying issues does not address absence of an enforceable definition overlooks true ambiguity lies in the way ranking agencies define materiality and provide rankings of ESGs render Rule ineffective also create possible legal challenges


Question: ESG investing practices challenges

The SEC climate disclosure rule failed to resolve the root cause of ESG failures.

Vlahos 24 “SEC's Proposed ESG Disclosure Rule: Why It Fails to Remedy the Underlying Challenges Facing ESG Investing Practices” Nikki Vlahos is *JD. expected May 2024, The George Washington University Law School; B.A. in Political Science and Psychology. 2024 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/busfnclr7&div=5&id=&page=

SEC's Rule fails to deal with the underlying issues does not address absence of an enforceable definition overlooks true ambiguity lies in the way ranking agencies define materiality and provide rankings of ESGs render Rule ineffective also create possible legal challenges


Question: SEC rule doesn't address absence

The SEC climate disclosure rule failed to resolve the root cause of ESG failures.

Vlahos 24 “SEC's Proposed ESG Disclosure Rule: Why It Fails to Remedy the Underlying Challenges Facing ESG Investing Practices” Nikki Vlahos is *JD. expected May 2024, The George Washington University Law School; B.A. in Political Science and Psychology. 2024 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/busfnclr7&div=5&id=&page=

SEC's Rule fails to deal with the underlying issues does not address absence of an enforceable definition overlooks true ambiguity lies in the way ranking agencies define materiality and provide rankings of ESGs render Rule ineffective also create possible legal challenges


Question: ESG failures unaddressed

The SEC climate disclosure rule failed to resolve the root cause of ESG failures.

Vlahos 24 “SEC's Proposed ESG Disclosure Rule: Why It Fails to Remedy the Underlying Challenges Facing ESG Investing Practices” Nikki Vlahos is *JD. expected May 2024, The George Washington University Law School; B.A. in Political Science and Psychology. 2024 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/busfnclr7&div=5&id=&page=

SEC's Rule fails to deal with the underlying issues does not address absence of an enforceable definition overlooks true ambiguity lies in the way ranking agencies define materiality and provide rankings of ESGs render Rule ineffective also create possible legal challenges


Question: SEC rule ineffective

The SEC climate disclosure rule failed to resolve the root cause of ESG failures.

Vlahos 24 “SEC's Proposed ESG Disclosure Rule: Why It Fails to Remedy the Underlying Challenges Facing ESG Investing Practices” Nikki Vlahos is *JD. expected May 2024, The George Washington University Law School; B.A. in Political Science and Psychology. 2024 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/busfnclr7&div=5&id=&page=

SEC's Rule fails to deal with the underlying issues does not address absence of an enforceable definition overlooks true ambiguity lies in the way ranking agencies define materiality and provide rankings of ESGs render Rule ineffective also create possible legal challenges


Question: ranking agencies ambiguity

The SEC climate disclosure rule failed to resolve the root cause of ESG failures.

Vlahos 24 “SEC's Proposed ESG Disclosure Rule: Why It Fails to Remedy the Underlying Challenges Facing ESG Investing Practices” Nikki Vlahos is *JD. expected May 2024, The George Washington University Law School; B.A. in Political Science and Psychology. 2024 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/busfnclr7&div=5&id=&page=

SEC's Rule fails to deal with the underlying issues does not address absence of an enforceable definition overlooks true ambiguity lies in the way ranking agencies define materiality and provide rankings of ESGs render Rule ineffective also create possible legal challenges


Question: Debate prepares links arguments

Debating provides a center to preseason preparation of links to a variety of competitive arguments—that allows clash which generates critical thinking, persuasion, and problem solving.

Lundberg 10 — Christian O. Lundberg, Associate Professor of Rhetoric in the Department of Communication Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, holds a Ph.D. in Communication Studies from Northwestern University, 2010 (“The Allred Initiative and Debate Across the Curriculum: Reinventing the Tradition of Debate at North Carolina,” Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century, Edited by Allan D. Louden, Published by the International Debate Education Association, ISBN 9781617700293, p. 304-305)

debate is a critical tool for civic deliberation debate inculcates skills for creative and open-minded discussion of disputes debate invites interlocutors to think together creatively in the context of successive strategic iterations , moments of evaluation , and reiterations of arguments in the context of a structured public discussion Traditional teaching insulate students from open questions Debates invite students to consider a range of alternative views on a subject debate creates a broader appreciation for multiple perspectives on an issue This conclusion is especially powerful when one considers debate as a whole process of inventing , discussing , employing , and reformulating arguments In the process of researching , strategizing , debating , reframing stances , and switching sides on a question , students are provided with a framework for thinking about a problem and solutions from a number of angles the cumulative effects of preparing for , performing , and evaluating a debate provide the widest possible exposure to varied positions a student might take


Question: Lundberg 10

Debating provides a center to preseason preparation of links to a variety of competitive arguments—that allows clash which generates critical thinking, persuasion, and problem solving.

Lundberg 10 — Christian O. Lundberg, Associate Professor of Rhetoric in the Department of Communication Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, holds a Ph.D. in Communication Studies from Northwestern University, 2010 (“The Allred Initiative and Debate Across the Curriculum: Reinventing the Tradition of Debate at North Carolina,” Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century, Edited by Allan D. Louden, Published by the International Debate Education Association, ISBN 9781617700293, p. 304-305)

debate is a critical tool for civic deliberation debate inculcates skills for creative and open-minded discussion of disputes debate invites interlocutors to think together creatively in the context of successive strategic iterations , moments of evaluation , and reiterations of arguments in the context of a structured public discussion Traditional teaching insulate students from open questions Debates invite students to consider a range of alternative views on a subject debate creates a broader appreciation for multiple perspectives on an issue This conclusion is especially powerful when one considers debate as a whole process of inventing , discussing , employing , and reformulating arguments In the process of researching , strategizing , debating , reframing stances , and switching sides on a question , students are provided with a framework for thinking about a problem and solutions from a number of angles the cumulative effects of preparing for , performing , and evaluating a debate provide the widest possible exposure to varied positions a student might take


Question: Christian Lundberg

Debating provides a center to preseason preparation of links to a variety of competitive arguments—that allows clash which generates critical thinking, persuasion, and problem solving.

Lundberg 10 — Christian O. Lundberg, Associate Professor of Rhetoric in the Department of Communication Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, holds a Ph.D. in Communication Studies from Northwestern University, 2010 (“The Allred Initiative and Debate Across the Curriculum: Reinventing the Tradition of Debate at North Carolina,” Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century, Edited by Allan D. Louden, Published by the International Debate Education Association, ISBN 9781617700293, p. 304-305)

debate is a critical tool for civic deliberation debate inculcates skills for creative and open-minded discussion of disputes debate invites interlocutors to think together creatively in the context of successive strategic iterations , moments of evaluation , and reiterations of arguments in the context of a structured public discussion Traditional teaching insulate students from open questions Debates invite students to consider a range of alternative views on a subject debate creates a broader appreciation for multiple perspectives on an issue This conclusion is especially powerful when one considers debate as a whole process of inventing , discussing , employing , and reformulating arguments In the process of researching , strategizing , debating , reframing stances , and switching sides on a question , students are provided with a framework for thinking about a problem and solutions from a number of angles the cumulative effects of preparing for , performing , and evaluating a debate provide the widest possible exposure to varied positions a student might take


Question: Debate critical thinking persuasion

Debating provides a center to preseason preparation of links to a variety of competitive arguments—that allows clash which generates critical thinking, persuasion, and problem solving.

Lundberg 10 — Christian O. Lundberg, Associate Professor of Rhetoric in the Department of Communication Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, holds a Ph.D. in Communication Studies from Northwestern University, 2010 (“The Allred Initiative and Debate Across the Curriculum: Reinventing the Tradition of Debate at North Carolina,” Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century, Edited by Allan D. Louden, Published by the International Debate Education Association, ISBN 9781617700293, p. 304-305)

debate is a critical tool for civic deliberation debate inculcates skills for creative and open-minded discussion of disputes debate invites interlocutors to think together creatively in the context of successive strategic iterations , moments of evaluation , and reiterations of arguments in the context of a structured public discussion Traditional teaching insulate students from open questions Debates invite students to consider a range of alternative views on a subject debate creates a broader appreciation for multiple perspectives on an issue This conclusion is especially powerful when one considers debate as a whole process of inventing , discussing , employing , and reformulating arguments In the process of researching , strategizing , debating , reframing stances , and switching sides on a question , students are provided with a framework for thinking about a problem and solutions from a number of angles the cumulative effects of preparing for , performing , and evaluating a debate provide the widest possible exposure to varied positions a student might take


Question: Debate is a critical tool

Debating provides a center to preseason preparation of links to a variety of competitive arguments—that allows clash which generates critical thinking, persuasion, and problem solving.

Lundberg 10 — Christian O. Lundberg, Associate Professor of Rhetoric in the Department of Communication Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, holds a Ph.D. in Communication Studies from Northwestern University, 2010 (“The Allred Initiative and Debate Across the Curriculum: Reinventing the Tradition of Debate at North Carolina,” Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century, Edited by Allan D. Louden, Published by the International Debate Education Association, ISBN 9781617700293, p. 304-305)

debate is a critical tool for civic deliberation debate inculcates skills for creative and open-minded discussion of disputes debate invites interlocutors to think together creatively in the context of successive strategic iterations , moments of evaluation , and reiterations of arguments in the context of a structured public discussion Traditional teaching insulate students from open questions Debates invite students to consider a range of alternative views on a subject debate creates a broader appreciation for multiple perspectives on an issue This conclusion is especially powerful when one considers debate as a whole process of inventing , discussing , employing , and reformulating arguments In the process of researching , strategizing , debating , reframing stances , and switching sides on a question , students are provided with a framework for thinking about a problem and solutions from a number of angles the cumulative effects of preparing for , performing , and evaluating a debate provide the widest possible exposure to varied positions a student might take


Question: debate creates multiple perspectives

Debating provides a center to preseason preparation of links to a variety of competitive arguments—that allows clash which generates critical thinking, persuasion, and problem solving.

Lundberg 10 — Christian O. Lundberg, Associate Professor of Rhetoric in the Department of Communication Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, holds a Ph.D. in Communication Studies from Northwestern University, 2010 (“The Allred Initiative and Debate Across the Curriculum: Reinventing the Tradition of Debate at North Carolina,” Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century, Edited by Allan D. Louden, Published by the International Debate Education Association, ISBN 9781617700293, p. 304-305)

debate is a critical tool for civic deliberation debate inculcates skills for creative and open-minded discussion of disputes debate invites interlocutors to think together creatively in the context of successive strategic iterations , moments of evaluation , and reiterations of arguments in the context of a structured public discussion Traditional teaching insulate students from open questions Debates invite students to consider a range of alternative views on a subject debate creates a broader appreciation for multiple perspectives on an issue This conclusion is especially powerful when one considers debate as a whole process of inventing , discussing , employing , and reformulating arguments In the process of researching , strategizing , debating , reframing stances , and switching sides on a question , students are provided with a framework for thinking about a problem and solutions from a number of angles the cumulative effects of preparing for , performing , and evaluating a debate provide the widest possible exposure to varied positions a student might take


Question: debate teaching

Debating provides a center to preseason preparation of links to a variety of competitive arguments—that allows clash which generates critical thinking, persuasion, and problem solving.

Lundberg 10 — Christian O. Lundberg, Associate Professor of Rhetoric in the Department of Communication Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, holds a Ph.D. in Communication Studies from Northwestern University, 2010 (“The Allred Initiative and Debate Across the Curriculum: Reinventing the Tradition of Debate at North Carolina,” Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century, Edited by Allan D. Louden, Published by the International Debate Education Association, ISBN 9781617700293, p. 304-305)

debate is a critical tool for civic deliberation debate inculcates skills for creative and open-minded discussion of disputes debate invites interlocutors to think together creatively in the context of successive strategic iterations , moments of evaluation , and reiterations of arguments in the context of a structured public discussion Traditional teaching insulate students from open questions Debates invite students to consider a range of alternative views on a subject debate creates a broader appreciation for multiple perspectives on an issue This conclusion is especially powerful when one considers debate as a whole process of inventing , discussing , employing , and reformulating arguments In the process of researching , strategizing , debating , reframing stances , and switching sides on a question , students are provided with a framework for thinking about a problem and solutions from a number of angles the cumulative effects of preparing for , performing , and evaluating a debate provide the widest possible exposure to varied positions a student might take


Question: debate across the curriculum

Debating provides a center to preseason preparation of links to a variety of competitive arguments—that allows clash which generates critical thinking, persuasion, and problem solving.

Lundberg 10 — Christian O. Lundberg, Associate Professor of Rhetoric in the Department of Communication Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, holds a Ph.D. in Communication Studies from Northwestern University, 2010 (“The Allred Initiative and Debate Across the Curriculum: Reinventing the Tradition of Debate at North Carolina,” Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century, Edited by Allan D. Louden, Published by the International Debate Education Association, ISBN 9781617700293, p. 304-305)

debate is a critical tool for civic deliberation debate inculcates skills for creative and open-minded discussion of disputes debate invites interlocutors to think together creatively in the context of successive strategic iterations , moments of evaluation , and reiterations of arguments in the context of a structured public discussion Traditional teaching insulate students from open questions Debates invite students to consider a range of alternative views on a subject debate creates a broader appreciation for multiple perspectives on an issue This conclusion is especially powerful when one considers debate as a whole process of inventing , discussing , employing , and reformulating arguments In the process of researching , strategizing , debating , reframing stances , and switching sides on a question , students are provided with a framework for thinking about a problem and solutions from a number of angles the cumulative effects of preparing for , performing , and evaluating a debate provide the widest possible exposure to varied positions a student might take


Question: For means decarbonization Bates

“For” means that a policy’s purpose must be “decarbonization.”

Bates ’23 [John Deacon; January 27; Judge; US District Court for the District of Columbia; “Cabrera v. Islamic Republic of Iran, U.S. Dist. 14874]

The word  "for"  matters "for" indicate[s] the object or purpose of an action One dresses " for " dinner or studies " for " an exam even if  the exam never occurs one could read for " to mean " resulting in reference to the intended purpose


Question: Bates 23

“For” means that a policy’s purpose must be “decarbonization.”

Bates ’23 [John Deacon; January 27; Judge; US District Court for the District of Columbia; “Cabrera v. Islamic Republic of Iran, U.S. Dist. 14874]

The word  "for"  matters "for" indicate[s] the object or purpose of an action One dresses " for " dinner or studies " for " an exam even if  the exam never occurs one could read for " to mean " resulting in reference to the intended purpose


Question: John Deacon

“For” means that a policy’s purpose must be “decarbonization.”

Bates ’23 [John Deacon; January 27; Judge; US District Court for the District of Columbia; “Cabrera v. Islamic Republic of Iran, U.S. Dist. 14874]

The word  "for"  matters "for" indicate[s] the object or purpose of an action One dresses " for " dinner or studies " for " an exam even if  the exam never occurs one could read for " to mean " resulting in reference to the intended purpose


Question: for indicates the object or purpose

“For” means that a policy’s purpose must be “decarbonization.”

Bates ’23 [John Deacon; January 27; Judge; US District Court for the District of Columbia; “Cabrera v. Islamic Republic of Iran, U.S. Dist. 14874]

The word  "for"  matters "for" indicate[s] the object or purpose of an action One dresses " for " dinner or studies " for " an exam even if  the exam never occurs one could read for " to mean " resulting in reference to the intended purpose


Question: policy purpose must be decarbonization

“For” means that a policy’s purpose must be “decarbonization.”

Bates ’23 [John Deacon; January 27; Judge; US District Court for the District of Columbia; “Cabrera v. Islamic Republic of Iran, U.S. Dist. 14874]

The word  "for"  matters "for" indicate[s] the object or purpose of an action One dresses " for " dinner or studies " for " an exam even if  the exam never occurs one could read for " to mean " resulting in reference to the intended purpose


Question: definition of "for"

“For” means that a policy’s purpose must be “decarbonization.”

Bates ’23 [John Deacon; January 27; Judge; US District Court for the District of Columbia; “Cabrera v. Islamic Republic of Iran, U.S. Dist. 14874]

The word  "for"  matters "for" indicate[s] the object or purpose of an action One dresses " for " dinner or studies " for " an exam even if  the exam never occurs one could read for " to mean " resulting in reference to the intended purpose


Question: Threats when not if

Threats are a matter of when not if.

Marqusee et al. 17 – PhD, Chief Scientist at Noblis, a nonprofit science, technology, and strategy organization, served as the Executive Director of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program

outages are growing in number and severity utilities are experiencing a significant increase in MEDs the grid is vulnerable to physical and cyber threat it is only a matter of when not if you see a actor engage in destructive behavior against c i


Question: Marqusee 17

Threats are a matter of when not if.

Marqusee et al. 17 – PhD, Chief Scientist at Noblis, a nonprofit science, technology, and strategy organization, served as the Executive Director of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program

outages are growing in number and severity utilities are experiencing a significant increase in MEDs the grid is vulnerable to physical and cyber threat it is only a matter of when not if you see a actor engage in destructive behavior against c i


Question: Noblis chief scientist

Threats are a matter of when not if.

Marqusee et al. 17 – PhD, Chief Scientist at Noblis, a nonprofit science, technology, and strategy organization, served as the Executive Director of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program

outages are growing in number and severity utilities are experiencing a significant increase in MEDs the grid is vulnerable to physical and cyber threat it is only a matter of when not if you see a actor engage in destructive behavior against c i


Question: grid vulnerable to cyber threat

Threats are a matter of when not if.

Marqusee et al. 17 – PhD, Chief Scientist at Noblis, a nonprofit science, technology, and strategy organization, served as the Executive Director of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program

outages are growing in number and severity utilities are experiencing a significant increase in MEDs the grid is vulnerable to physical and cyber threat it is only a matter of when not if you see a actor engage in destructive behavior against c i


Question: outages growing in number

Threats are a matter of when not if.

Marqusee et al. 17 – PhD, Chief Scientist at Noblis, a nonprofit science, technology, and strategy organization, served as the Executive Director of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program

outages are growing in number and severity utilities are experiencing a significant increase in MEDs the grid is vulnerable to physical and cyber threat it is only a matter of when not if you see a actor engage in destructive behavior against c i


Question: actor engage in destructive behavior

Threats are a matter of when not if.

Marqusee et al. 17 – PhD, Chief Scientist at Noblis, a nonprofit science, technology, and strategy organization, served as the Executive Director of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program

outages are growing in number and severity utilities are experiencing a significant increase in MEDs the grid is vulnerable to physical and cyber threat it is only a matter of when not if you see a actor engage in destructive behavior against c i


Question: LCFS fails absent RFS

The plan’s LCFS fails – absent a prior RFS, the fuels aren’t ready to be blended in

Ghatala 23 [Fred, John Hebert, and Alexander Laska; March 29; Director for Carbon Sustainability of Advanced Biofuels Canada, partner of Waterfall Group, M.Sc. in Resource Management from the University of British Columbia; Policy Advisor, M.A. in Public Management from Johns Hopkins University; Senior Policy Advisor, M.A. in Public Administration from Syracuse University; Third Way, “Towards a Federal Low Carbon Fuel Standard for Aviation,” https://www.thirdway.org/report/towards-a-federal-low-carbon-fuel-standard-for-aviation]

RFS reg s have  preceded  LCFS RFS enable  appropriate investments and ensure systems to scale over time in response to inclusion requirements LCFS without pre-existing RFS would not have the same impact  of causing renewable fuels with market penetration and emission reductions an LCFS dependent on fuels not yet in production  must be preceded  by RFS


Question: Ghatala 23

The plan’s LCFS fails – absent a prior RFS, the fuels aren’t ready to be blended in

Ghatala 23 [Fred, John Hebert, and Alexander Laska; March 29; Director for Carbon Sustainability of Advanced Biofuels Canada, partner of Waterfall Group, M.Sc. in Resource Management from the University of British Columbia; Policy Advisor, M.A. in Public Management from Johns Hopkins University; Senior Policy Advisor, M.A. in Public Administration from Syracuse University; Third Way, “Towards a Federal Low Carbon Fuel Standard for Aviation,” https://www.thirdway.org/report/towards-a-federal-low-carbon-fuel-standard-for-aviation]

RFS reg s have  preceded  LCFS RFS enable  appropriate investments and ensure systems to scale over time in response to inclusion requirements LCFS without pre-existing RFS would not have the same impact  of causing renewable fuels with market penetration and emission reductions an LCFS dependent on fuels not yet in production  must be preceded  by RFS


Question: low carbon fuel standard aviation

The plan’s LCFS fails – absent a prior RFS, the fuels aren’t ready to be blended in

Ghatala 23 [Fred, John Hebert, and Alexander Laska; March 29; Director for Carbon Sustainability of Advanced Biofuels Canada, partner of Waterfall Group, M.Sc. in Resource Management from the University of British Columbia; Policy Advisor, M.A. in Public Management from Johns Hopkins University; Senior Policy Advisor, M.A. in Public Administration from Syracuse University; Third Way, “Towards a Federal Low Carbon Fuel Standard for Aviation,” https://www.thirdway.org/report/towards-a-federal-low-carbon-fuel-standard-for-aviation]

RFS reg s have  preceded  LCFS RFS enable  appropriate investments and ensure systems to scale over time in response to inclusion requirements LCFS without pre-existing RFS would not have the same impact  of causing renewable fuels with market penetration and emission reductions an LCFS dependent on fuels not yet in production  must be preceded  by RFS


Question: LCFS dependent on fuels not in production

The plan’s LCFS fails – absent a prior RFS, the fuels aren’t ready to be blended in

Ghatala 23 [Fred, John Hebert, and Alexander Laska; March 29; Director for Carbon Sustainability of Advanced Biofuels Canada, partner of Waterfall Group, M.Sc. in Resource Management from the University of British Columbia; Policy Advisor, M.A. in Public Management from Johns Hopkins University; Senior Policy Advisor, M.A. in Public Administration from Syracuse University; Third Way, “Towards a Federal Low Carbon Fuel Standard for Aviation,” https://www.thirdway.org/report/towards-a-federal-low-carbon-fuel-standard-for-aviation]

RFS reg s have  preceded  LCFS RFS enable  appropriate investments and ensure systems to scale over time in response to inclusion requirements LCFS without pre-existing RFS would not have the same impact  of causing renewable fuels with market penetration and emission reductions an LCFS dependent on fuels not yet in production  must be preceded  by RFS


Question: RFS enable appropriate investments

The plan’s LCFS fails – absent a prior RFS, the fuels aren’t ready to be blended in

Ghatala 23 [Fred, John Hebert, and Alexander Laska; March 29; Director for Carbon Sustainability of Advanced Biofuels Canada, partner of Waterfall Group, M.Sc. in Resource Management from the University of British Columbia; Policy Advisor, M.A. in Public Management from Johns Hopkins University; Senior Policy Advisor, M.A. in Public Administration from Syracuse University; Third Way, “Towards a Federal Low Carbon Fuel Standard for Aviation,” https://www.thirdway.org/report/towards-a-federal-low-carbon-fuel-standard-for-aviation]

RFS reg s have  preceded  LCFS RFS enable  appropriate investments and ensure systems to scale over time in response to inclusion requirements LCFS without pre-existing RFS would not have the same impact  of causing renewable fuels with market penetration and emission reductions an LCFS dependent on fuels not yet in production  must be preceded  by RFS


Question: renewable fuels with market penetration

The plan’s LCFS fails – absent a prior RFS, the fuels aren’t ready to be blended in

Ghatala 23 [Fred, John Hebert, and Alexander Laska; March 29; Director for Carbon Sustainability of Advanced Biofuels Canada, partner of Waterfall Group, M.Sc. in Resource Management from the University of British Columbia; Policy Advisor, M.A. in Public Management from Johns Hopkins University; Senior Policy Advisor, M.A. in Public Administration from Syracuse University; Third Way, “Towards a Federal Low Carbon Fuel Standard for Aviation,” https://www.thirdway.org/report/towards-a-federal-low-carbon-fuel-standard-for-aviation]

RFS reg s have  preceded  LCFS RFS enable  appropriate investments and ensure systems to scale over time in response to inclusion requirements LCFS without pre-existing RFS would not have the same impact  of causing renewable fuels with market penetration and emission reductions an LCFS dependent on fuels not yet in production  must be preceded  by RFS


Question: LCFS without pre-existing RFS

The plan’s LCFS fails – absent a prior RFS, the fuels aren’t ready to be blended in

Ghatala 23 [Fred, John Hebert, and Alexander Laska; March 29; Director for Carbon Sustainability of Advanced Biofuels Canada, partner of Waterfall Group, M.Sc. in Resource Management from the University of British Columbia; Policy Advisor, M.A. in Public Management from Johns Hopkins University; Senior Policy Advisor, M.A. in Public Administration from Syracuse University; Third Way, “Towards a Federal Low Carbon Fuel Standard for Aviation,” https://www.thirdway.org/report/towards-a-federal-low-carbon-fuel-standard-for-aviation]

RFS reg s have  preceded  LCFS RFS enable  appropriate investments and ensure systems to scale over time in response to inclusion requirements LCFS without pre-existing RFS would not have the same impact  of causing renewable fuels with market penetration and emission reductions an LCFS dependent on fuels not yet in production  must be preceded  by RFS


Question: Market based instruments exclude subsidies

“Market-based” instruments excludes subsidies. They are exclusively carbon pricing, tradable standards, EIS, CES / RPS.

Cleary et al. ’21 [Kathryne, Carolyn Fischer, and Karen Palmer; 2021; Senior Research Associate at Resources for the Future (RFF), Washington, DC, USA, and works on RFF’s Future of Power Initiative and Graduate of Yale School of Forest Management; Canada 150 Research Chair in Climate Economics, Innovation and Policy at the University of Ottawa; Handbook on Electricity Markets, ed. Jean-Michel Glachant, Paul L. Joskow and Michael G. Pollitt, “Tools and policies to promote decarbonization of the electricity sector,” Edward Elgar Publishing]

MARKET-BASED MECHANISMS Carbon Pricing carbon tax, or cap-and-trade do not pick winners Tradable Standards Emissions intensity standard Clean energy standard Renewable portfolio standards policies differentiate Targeting Renewables Feed-in tariffs Tax credits Priority dispatch Net metering Subsidies to tech producers Energy storage targets Targeting Nuclear Phase-outs Targeting Coal INCENTIVIZING ENERGY EFFICIENCY Subsidies Information and Labelling Nudges Energy Efficiency Equipment Standards Energy Efficiency Resource Standards and White Certificates


Question: Cleary et al 21

“Market-based” instruments excludes subsidies. They are exclusively carbon pricing, tradable standards, EIS, CES / RPS.

Cleary et al. ’21 [Kathryne, Carolyn Fischer, and Karen Palmer; 2021; Senior Research Associate at Resources for the Future (RFF), Washington, DC, USA, and works on RFF’s Future of Power Initiative and Graduate of Yale School of Forest Management; Canada 150 Research Chair in Climate Economics, Innovation and Policy at the University of Ottawa; Handbook on Electricity Markets, ed. Jean-Michel Glachant, Paul L. Joskow and Michael G. Pollitt, “Tools and policies to promote decarbonization of the electricity sector,” Edward Elgar Publishing]

MARKET-BASED MECHANISMS Carbon Pricing carbon tax, or cap-and-trade do not pick winners Tradable Standards Emissions intensity standard Clean energy standard Renewable portfolio standards policies differentiate Targeting Renewables Feed-in tariffs Tax credits Priority dispatch Net metering Subsidies to tech producers Energy storage targets Targeting Nuclear Phase-outs Targeting Coal INCENTIVIZING ENERGY EFFICIENCY Subsidies Information and Labelling Nudges Energy Efficiency Equipment Standards Energy Efficiency Resource Standards and White Certificates


Question: Kathryne Cleary

“Market-based” instruments excludes subsidies. They are exclusively carbon pricing, tradable standards, EIS, CES / RPS.

Cleary et al. ’21 [Kathryne, Carolyn Fischer, and Karen Palmer; 2021; Senior Research Associate at Resources for the Future (RFF), Washington, DC, USA, and works on RFF’s Future of Power Initiative and Graduate of Yale School of Forest Management; Canada 150 Research Chair in Climate Economics, Innovation and Policy at the University of Ottawa; Handbook on Electricity Markets, ed. Jean-Michel Glachant, Paul L. Joskow and Michael G. Pollitt, “Tools and policies to promote decarbonization of the electricity sector,” Edward Elgar Publishing]

MARKET-BASED MECHANISMS Carbon Pricing carbon tax, or cap-and-trade do not pick winners Tradable Standards Emissions intensity standard Clean energy standard Renewable portfolio standards policies differentiate Targeting Renewables Feed-in tariffs Tax credits Priority dispatch Net metering Subsidies to tech producers Energy storage targets Targeting Nuclear Phase-outs Targeting Coal INCENTIVIZING ENERGY EFFICIENCY Subsidies Information and Labelling Nudges Energy Efficiency Equipment Standards Energy Efficiency Resource Standards and White Certificates


Question: Carbon pricing tradable standards

“Market-based” instruments excludes subsidies. They are exclusively carbon pricing, tradable standards, EIS, CES / RPS.

Cleary et al. ’21 [Kathryne, Carolyn Fischer, and Karen Palmer; 2021; Senior Research Associate at Resources for the Future (RFF), Washington, DC, USA, and works on RFF’s Future of Power Initiative and Graduate of Yale School of Forest Management; Canada 150 Research Chair in Climate Economics, Innovation and Policy at the University of Ottawa; Handbook on Electricity Markets, ed. Jean-Michel Glachant, Paul L. Joskow and Michael G. Pollitt, “Tools and policies to promote decarbonization of the electricity sector,” Edward Elgar Publishing]

MARKET-BASED MECHANISMS Carbon Pricing carbon tax, or cap-and-trade do not pick winners Tradable Standards Emissions intensity standard Clean energy standard Renewable portfolio standards policies differentiate Targeting Renewables Feed-in tariffs Tax credits Priority dispatch Net metering Subsidies to tech producers Energy storage targets Targeting Nuclear Phase-outs Targeting Coal INCENTIVIZING ENERGY EFFICIENCY Subsidies Information and Labelling Nudges Energy Efficiency Equipment Standards Energy Efficiency Resource Standards and White Certificates


Question: Policies differentiate

“Market-based” instruments excludes subsidies. They are exclusively carbon pricing, tradable standards, EIS, CES / RPS.

Cleary et al. ’21 [Kathryne, Carolyn Fischer, and Karen Palmer; 2021; Senior Research Associate at Resources for the Future (RFF), Washington, DC, USA, and works on RFF’s Future of Power Initiative and Graduate of Yale School of Forest Management; Canada 150 Research Chair in Climate Economics, Innovation and Policy at the University of Ottawa; Handbook on Electricity Markets, ed. Jean-Michel Glachant, Paul L. Joskow and Michael G. Pollitt, “Tools and policies to promote decarbonization of the electricity sector,” Edward Elgar Publishing]

MARKET-BASED MECHANISMS Carbon Pricing carbon tax, or cap-and-trade do not pick winners Tradable Standards Emissions intensity standard Clean energy standard Renewable portfolio standards policies differentiate Targeting Renewables Feed-in tariffs Tax credits Priority dispatch Net metering Subsidies to tech producers Energy storage targets Targeting Nuclear Phase-outs Targeting Coal INCENTIVIZING ENERGY EFFICIENCY Subsidies Information and Labelling Nudges Energy Efficiency Equipment Standards Energy Efficiency Resource Standards and White Certificates


Question: Handbook on electricity markets

“Market-based” instruments excludes subsidies. They are exclusively carbon pricing, tradable standards, EIS, CES / RPS.

Cleary et al. ’21 [Kathryne, Carolyn Fischer, and Karen Palmer; 2021; Senior Research Associate at Resources for the Future (RFF), Washington, DC, USA, and works on RFF’s Future of Power Initiative and Graduate of Yale School of Forest Management; Canada 150 Research Chair in Climate Economics, Innovation and Policy at the University of Ottawa; Handbook on Electricity Markets, ed. Jean-Michel Glachant, Paul L. Joskow and Michael G. Pollitt, “Tools and policies to promote decarbonization of the electricity sector,” Edward Elgar Publishing]

MARKET-BASED MECHANISMS Carbon Pricing carbon tax, or cap-and-trade do not pick winners Tradable Standards Emissions intensity standard Clean energy standard Renewable portfolio standards policies differentiate Targeting Renewables Feed-in tariffs Tax credits Priority dispatch Net metering Subsidies to tech producers Energy storage targets Targeting Nuclear Phase-outs Targeting Coal INCENTIVIZING ENERGY EFFICIENCY Subsidies Information and Labelling Nudges Energy Efficiency Equipment Standards Energy Efficiency Resource Standards and White Certificates


Question: Decarbonization policies

“Market-based” instruments excludes subsidies. They are exclusively carbon pricing, tradable standards, EIS, CES / RPS.

Cleary et al. ’21 [Kathryne, Carolyn Fischer, and Karen Palmer; 2021; Senior Research Associate at Resources for the Future (RFF), Washington, DC, USA, and works on RFF’s Future of Power Initiative and Graduate of Yale School of Forest Management; Canada 150 Research Chair in Climate Economics, Innovation and Policy at the University of Ottawa; Handbook on Electricity Markets, ed. Jean-Michel Glachant, Paul L. Joskow and Michael G. Pollitt, “Tools and policies to promote decarbonization of the electricity sector,” Edward Elgar Publishing]

MARKET-BASED MECHANISMS Carbon Pricing carbon tax, or cap-and-trade do not pick winners Tradable Standards Emissions intensity standard Clean energy standard Renewable portfolio standards policies differentiate Targeting Renewables Feed-in tariffs Tax credits Priority dispatch Net metering Subsidies to tech producers Energy storage targets Targeting Nuclear Phase-outs Targeting Coal INCENTIVIZING ENERGY EFFICIENCY Subsidies Information and Labelling Nudges Energy Efficiency Equipment Standards Energy Efficiency Resource Standards and White Certificates


Question: market based mechanisms

“Market-based” instruments excludes subsidies. They are exclusively carbon pricing, tradable standards, EIS, CES / RPS.

Cleary et al. ’21 [Kathryne, Carolyn Fischer, and Karen Palmer; 2021; Senior Research Associate at Resources for the Future (RFF), Washington, DC, USA, and works on RFF’s Future of Power Initiative and Graduate of Yale School of Forest Management; Canada 150 Research Chair in Climate Economics, Innovation and Policy at the University of Ottawa; Handbook on Electricity Markets, ed. Jean-Michel Glachant, Paul L. Joskow and Michael G. Pollitt, “Tools and policies to promote decarbonization of the electricity sector,” Edward Elgar Publishing]

MARKET-BASED MECHANISMS Carbon Pricing carbon tax, or cap-and-trade do not pick winners Tradable Standards Emissions intensity standard Clean energy standard Renewable portfolio standards policies differentiate Targeting Renewables Feed-in tariffs Tax credits Priority dispatch Net metering Subsidies to tech producers Energy storage targets Targeting Nuclear Phase-outs Targeting Coal INCENTIVIZING ENERGY EFFICIENCY Subsidies Information and Labelling Nudges Energy Efficiency Equipment Standards Energy Efficiency Resource Standards and White Certificates


Question: climate education and national policy

8. Effective climate education must include discussions and evaluations of national climate policy.

Hanne Svarstad ’21, Professor in the Department of International Studies and Interpreting at Oslo Metropolitan University, “Critical climate education: studying climate justice in time and space”, International Studies in Sociology of Education, 30:1-2, 214-232, DOI: 10.1080/09620214.2020.1855463, DA: 9/14/24, DMurph

victims far away from policy-makers challenges will require responsible action a critical climate education offer students knowledge and skills that people must have in order to meet the climate crisis with responsible action aw critical pedagogy in which students learn to elaborate insights about injustices and build competence indepth research with emphasis on material conflicts This would be in accordance with ultimate goals of sustainable development a development that meets the needs of people political action is important t handle the climate  crisis and students therefore need to learn to critically examine choices of mitigation


Question: Hanne Svarstad climate education

8. Effective climate education must include discussions and evaluations of national climate policy.

Hanne Svarstad ’21, Professor in the Department of International Studies and Interpreting at Oslo Metropolitan University, “Critical climate education: studying climate justice in time and space”, International Studies in Sociology of Education, 30:1-2, 214-232, DOI: 10.1080/09620214.2020.1855463, DA: 9/14/24, DMurph

victims far away from policy-makers challenges will require responsible action a critical climate education offer students knowledge and skills that people must have in order to meet the climate crisis with responsible action aw critical pedagogy in which students learn to elaborate insights about injustices and build competence indepth research with emphasis on material conflicts This would be in accordance with ultimate goals of sustainable development a development that meets the needs of people political action is important t handle the climate  crisis and students therefore need to learn to critically examine choices of mitigation


Question: Svarstad 21 climate education

8. Effective climate education must include discussions and evaluations of national climate policy.

Hanne Svarstad ’21, Professor in the Department of International Studies and Interpreting at Oslo Metropolitan University, “Critical climate education: studying climate justice in time and space”, International Studies in Sociology of Education, 30:1-2, 214-232, DOI: 10.1080/09620214.2020.1855463, DA: 9/14/24, DMurph

victims far away from policy-makers challenges will require responsible action a critical climate education offer students knowledge and skills that people must have in order to meet the climate crisis with responsible action aw critical pedagogy in which students learn to elaborate insights about injustices and build competence indepth research with emphasis on material conflicts This would be in accordance with ultimate goals of sustainable development a development that meets the needs of people political action is important t handle the climate  crisis and students therefore need to learn to critically examine choices of mitigation


Question: critical climate education policy

8. Effective climate education must include discussions and evaluations of national climate policy.

Hanne Svarstad ’21, Professor in the Department of International Studies and Interpreting at Oslo Metropolitan University, “Critical climate education: studying climate justice in time and space”, International Studies in Sociology of Education, 30:1-2, 214-232, DOI: 10.1080/09620214.2020.1855463, DA: 9/14/24, DMurph

victims far away from policy-makers challenges will require responsible action a critical climate education offer students knowledge and skills that people must have in order to meet the climate crisis with responsible action aw critical pedagogy in which students learn to elaborate insights about injustices and build competence indepth research with emphasis on material conflicts This would be in accordance with ultimate goals of sustainable development a development that meets the needs of people political action is important t handle the climate  crisis and students therefore need to learn to critically examine choices of mitigation


Question: climate education national climate policy

8. Effective climate education must include discussions and evaluations of national climate policy.

Hanne Svarstad ’21, Professor in the Department of International Studies and Interpreting at Oslo Metropolitan University, “Critical climate education: studying climate justice in time and space”, International Studies in Sociology of Education, 30:1-2, 214-232, DOI: 10.1080/09620214.2020.1855463, DA: 9/14/24, DMurph

victims far away from policy-makers challenges will require responsible action a critical climate education offer students knowledge and skills that people must have in order to meet the climate crisis with responsible action aw critical pedagogy in which students learn to elaborate insights about injustices and build competence indepth research with emphasis on material conflicts This would be in accordance with ultimate goals of sustainable development a development that meets the needs of people political action is important t handle the climate  crisis and students therefore need to learn to critically examine choices of mitigation


Question: climate crisis responsible action

8. Effective climate education must include discussions and evaluations of national climate policy.

Hanne Svarstad ’21, Professor in the Department of International Studies and Interpreting at Oslo Metropolitan University, “Critical climate education: studying climate justice in time and space”, International Studies in Sociology of Education, 30:1-2, 214-232, DOI: 10.1080/09620214.2020.1855463, DA: 9/14/24, DMurph

victims far away from policy-makers challenges will require responsible action a critical climate education offer students knowledge and skills that people must have in order to meet the climate crisis with responsible action aw critical pedagogy in which students learn to elaborate insights about injustices and build competence indepth research with emphasis on material conflicts This would be in accordance with ultimate goals of sustainable development a development that meets the needs of people political action is important t handle the climate  crisis and students therefore need to learn to critically examine choices of mitigation


Question: Concede Hirsch Russian war

Concede this line from 2AC Hirsch (a shamelessly stolen John Marshall card) that was explicitly highlighted. Takes out Russian war since they’re focused internally.

2AC Hirsh 24, columnist for Foreign Policy, M.A. in International and Public Affairs from Columbia University (Michael Hirsh, June 28, 2024, “Yes, Biden Flopped. But Let’s Not Overreact.” Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/06/28/biden-trump-presidential-debate-performance-democracy-us-world-leadership/)

Putin have their hands full with their own domestic problems


Question: Hirsh 24

Concede this line from 2AC Hirsch (a shamelessly stolen John Marshall card) that was explicitly highlighted. Takes out Russian war since they’re focused internally.

2AC Hirsh 24, columnist for Foreign Policy, M.A. in International and Public Affairs from Columbia University (Michael Hirsh, June 28, 2024, “Yes, Biden Flopped. But Let’s Not Overreact.” Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/06/28/biden-trump-presidential-debate-performance-democracy-us-world-leadership/)

Putin have their hands full with their own domestic problems


Question: Russian domestic problems

Concede this line from 2AC Hirsch (a shamelessly stolen John Marshall card) that was explicitly highlighted. Takes out Russian war since they’re focused internally.

2AC Hirsh 24, columnist for Foreign Policy, M.A. in International and Public Affairs from Columbia University (Michael Hirsh, June 28, 2024, “Yes, Biden Flopped. But Let’s Not Overreact.” Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/06/28/biden-trump-presidential-debate-performance-democracy-us-world-leadership/)

Putin have their hands full with their own domestic problems


Question: Putin has hands full domestic

Concede this line from 2AC Hirsch (a shamelessly stolen John Marshall card) that was explicitly highlighted. Takes out Russian war since they’re focused internally.

2AC Hirsh 24, columnist for Foreign Policy, M.A. in International and Public Affairs from Columbia University (Michael Hirsh, June 28, 2024, “Yes, Biden Flopped. But Let’s Not Overreact.” Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/06/28/biden-trump-presidential-debate-performance-democracy-us-world-leadership/)

Putin have their hands full with their own domestic problems


Question: Hirsh foreign policy

Concede this line from 2AC Hirsch (a shamelessly stolen John Marshall card) that was explicitly highlighted. Takes out Russian war since they’re focused internally.

2AC Hirsh 24, columnist for Foreign Policy, M.A. in International and Public Affairs from Columbia University (Michael Hirsh, June 28, 2024, “Yes, Biden Flopped. But Let’s Not Overreact.” Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/06/28/biden-trump-presidential-debate-performance-democracy-us-world-leadership/)

Putin have their hands full with their own domestic problems


Question: Russian war

Concede this line from 2AC Hirsch (a shamelessly stolen John Marshall card) that was explicitly highlighted. Takes out Russian war since they’re focused internally.

2AC Hirsh 24, columnist for Foreign Policy, M.A. in International and Public Affairs from Columbia University (Michael Hirsh, June 28, 2024, “Yes, Biden Flopped. But Let’s Not Overreact.” Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/06/28/biden-trump-presidential-debate-performance-democracy-us-world-leadership/)

Putin have their hands full with their own domestic problems


Question: Biden flopped

Concede this line from 2AC Hirsch (a shamelessly stolen John Marshall card) that was explicitly highlighted. Takes out Russian war since they’re focused internally.

2AC Hirsh 24, columnist for Foreign Policy, M.A. in International and Public Affairs from Columbia University (Michael Hirsh, June 28, 2024, “Yes, Biden Flopped. But Let’s Not Overreact.” Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/06/28/biden-trump-presidential-debate-performance-democracy-us-world-leadership/)

Putin have their hands full with their own domestic problems


Question: Russia focused internally

Concede this line from 2AC Hirsch (a shamelessly stolen John Marshall card) that was explicitly highlighted. Takes out Russian war since they’re focused internally.

2AC Hirsh 24, columnist for Foreign Policy, M.A. in International and Public Affairs from Columbia University (Michael Hirsh, June 28, 2024, “Yes, Biden Flopped. But Let’s Not Overreact.” Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/06/28/biden-trump-presidential-debate-performance-democracy-us-world-leadership/)

Putin have their hands full with their own domestic problems


Question: New collapse drives social innovations

New collapse drives social innovations that solve the transition

Loorbach, et al, 16—DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (Derk, with Flor Avelino, DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Alex Haxeltine, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Julia M. Wittmayer, DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Tim O'Riordan, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Paul Weaver, LUCSUS, Lund University, and René Kemp, ICIS, Maastricht University, “The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions,” Ecology and Society 21(4):15)

across the world a wide range of innovations are experiencing a new boost in response to crisis Time banking is highly versatile the concept contains “a potential to reverse value priorities time banking has spread to all continents time banking has been framed as a response to recession the transition towns movement has spread internationally These pioneer alternative economic solutions different innovations can spur and empower one another such an initiative can adapt its narrative in the face of new game changers Should circumstances shift even more into economic grittiness transformative social innovation will flourish


Question: Loorbach 16

New collapse drives social innovations that solve the transition

Loorbach, et al, 16—DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (Derk, with Flor Avelino, DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Alex Haxeltine, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Julia M. Wittmayer, DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Tim O'Riordan, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Paul Weaver, LUCSUS, Lund University, and René Kemp, ICIS, Maastricht University, “The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions,” Ecology and Society 21(4):15)

across the world a wide range of innovations are experiencing a new boost in response to crisis Time banking is highly versatile the concept contains “a potential to reverse value priorities time banking has spread to all continents time banking has been framed as a response to recession the transition towns movement has spread internationally These pioneer alternative economic solutions different innovations can spur and empower one another such an initiative can adapt its narrative in the face of new game changers Should circumstances shift even more into economic grittiness transformative social innovation will flourish


Question: Derk Loorbach

New collapse drives social innovations that solve the transition

Loorbach, et al, 16—DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (Derk, with Flor Avelino, DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Alex Haxeltine, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Julia M. Wittmayer, DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Tim O'Riordan, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Paul Weaver, LUCSUS, Lund University, and René Kemp, ICIS, Maastricht University, “The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions,” Ecology and Society 21(4):15)

across the world a wide range of innovations are experiencing a new boost in response to crisis Time banking is highly versatile the concept contains “a potential to reverse value priorities time banking has spread to all continents time banking has been framed as a response to recession the transition towns movement has spread internationally These pioneer alternative economic solutions different innovations can spur and empower one another such an initiative can adapt its narrative in the face of new game changers Should circumstances shift even more into economic grittiness transformative social innovation will flourish


Question: economic crisis game changer

New collapse drives social innovations that solve the transition

Loorbach, et al, 16—DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (Derk, with Flor Avelino, DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Alex Haxeltine, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Julia M. Wittmayer, DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Tim O'Riordan, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Paul Weaver, LUCSUS, Lund University, and René Kemp, ICIS, Maastricht University, “The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions,” Ecology and Society 21(4):15)

across the world a wide range of innovations are experiencing a new boost in response to crisis Time banking is highly versatile the concept contains “a potential to reverse value priorities time banking has spread to all continents time banking has been framed as a response to recession the transition towns movement has spread internationally These pioneer alternative economic solutions different innovations can spur and empower one another such an initiative can adapt its narrative in the face of new game changers Should circumstances shift even more into economic grittiness transformative social innovation will flourish


Question: time banking recession

New collapse drives social innovations that solve the transition

Loorbach, et al, 16—DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (Derk, with Flor Avelino, DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Alex Haxeltine, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Julia M. Wittmayer, DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Tim O'Riordan, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Paul Weaver, LUCSUS, Lund University, and René Kemp, ICIS, Maastricht University, “The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions,” Ecology and Society 21(4):15)

across the world a wide range of innovations are experiencing a new boost in response to crisis Time banking is highly versatile the concept contains “a potential to reverse value priorities time banking has spread to all continents time banking has been framed as a response to recession the transition towns movement has spread internationally These pioneer alternative economic solutions different innovations can spur and empower one another such an initiative can adapt its narrative in the face of new game changers Should circumstances shift even more into economic grittiness transformative social innovation will flourish


Question: transition towns movement

New collapse drives social innovations that solve the transition

Loorbach, et al, 16—DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (Derk, with Flor Avelino, DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Alex Haxeltine, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Julia M. Wittmayer, DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Tim O'Riordan, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Paul Weaver, LUCSUS, Lund University, and René Kemp, ICIS, Maastricht University, “The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions,” Ecology and Society 21(4):15)

across the world a wide range of innovations are experiencing a new boost in response to crisis Time banking is highly versatile the concept contains “a potential to reverse value priorities time banking has spread to all continents time banking has been framed as a response to recession the transition towns movement has spread internationally These pioneer alternative economic solutions different innovations can spur and empower one another such an initiative can adapt its narrative in the face of new game changers Should circumstances shift even more into economic grittiness transformative social innovation will flourish


Question: social innovation flourish

New collapse drives social innovations that solve the transition

Loorbach, et al, 16—DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (Derk, with Flor Avelino, DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Alex Haxeltine, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Julia M. Wittmayer, DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Tim O'Riordan, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Paul Weaver, LUCSUS, Lund University, and René Kemp, ICIS, Maastricht University, “The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions,” Ecology and Society 21(4):15)

across the world a wide range of innovations are experiencing a new boost in response to crisis Time banking is highly versatile the concept contains “a potential to reverse value priorities time banking has spread to all continents time banking has been framed as a response to recession the transition towns movement has spread internationally These pioneer alternative economic solutions different innovations can spur and empower one another such an initiative can adapt its narrative in the face of new game changers Should circumstances shift even more into economic grittiness transformative social innovation will flourish


Question: Court strikes decimate solvency

4. Potential court strikes decimate future solvency, past cases prove

Mark Sherman 24, associated press and graduate from Princeton and UC Irvine Law, “Supreme Court halts enforcement of EPA’s plan to limit downwind pollution from power plants” PBS, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/supreme-court-halts-enforcement-of-epas-plan-to-limit-downwind-pollution-from-power-plants

justices in a 5-4 vote rejected arguments that the plan was cutting air pollution The Court reined in the powers of federal agencies including the EPA restricted the authority to fight water pollution decisions have undermined the EPA’s aim of providing a solution


Question: Mark Sherman EPA

4. Potential court strikes decimate future solvency, past cases prove

Mark Sherman 24, associated press and graduate from Princeton and UC Irvine Law, “Supreme Court halts enforcement of EPA’s plan to limit downwind pollution from power plants” PBS, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/supreme-court-halts-enforcement-of-epas-plan-to-limit-downwind-pollution-from-power-plants

justices in a 5-4 vote rejected arguments that the plan was cutting air pollution The Court reined in the powers of federal agencies including the EPA restricted the authority to fight water pollution decisions have undermined the EPA’s aim of providing a solution


Question: Supreme court halts enforcement

4. Potential court strikes decimate future solvency, past cases prove

Mark Sherman 24, associated press and graduate from Princeton and UC Irvine Law, “Supreme Court halts enforcement of EPA’s plan to limit downwind pollution from power plants” PBS, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/supreme-court-halts-enforcement-of-epas-plan-to-limit-downwind-pollution-from-power-plants

justices in a 5-4 vote rejected arguments that the plan was cutting air pollution The Court reined in the powers of federal agencies including the EPA restricted the authority to fight water pollution decisions have undermined the EPA’s aim of providing a solution


Question: EPA power plant downwind pollution

4. Potential court strikes decimate future solvency, past cases prove

Mark Sherman 24, associated press and graduate from Princeton and UC Irvine Law, “Supreme Court halts enforcement of EPA’s plan to limit downwind pollution from power plants” PBS, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/supreme-court-halts-enforcement-of-epas-plan-to-limit-downwind-pollution-from-power-plants

justices in a 5-4 vote rejected arguments that the plan was cutting air pollution The Court reined in the powers of federal agencies including the EPA restricted the authority to fight water pollution decisions have undermined the EPA’s aim of providing a solution


Question: Court reined in powers

4. Potential court strikes decimate future solvency, past cases prove

Mark Sherman 24, associated press and graduate from Princeton and UC Irvine Law, “Supreme Court halts enforcement of EPA’s plan to limit downwind pollution from power plants” PBS, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/supreme-court-halts-enforcement-of-epas-plan-to-limit-downwind-pollution-from-power-plants

justices in a 5-4 vote rejected arguments that the plan was cutting air pollution The Court reined in the powers of federal agencies including the EPA restricted the authority to fight water pollution decisions have undermined the EPA’s aim of providing a solution


Question: Court undermine EPA solution

4. Potential court strikes decimate future solvency, past cases prove

Mark Sherman 24, associated press and graduate from Princeton and UC Irvine Law, “Supreme Court halts enforcement of EPA’s plan to limit downwind pollution from power plants” PBS, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/supreme-court-halts-enforcement-of-epas-plan-to-limit-downwind-pollution-from-power-plants

justices in a 5-4 vote rejected arguments that the plan was cutting air pollution The Court reined in the powers of federal agencies including the EPA restricted the authority to fight water pollution decisions have undermined the EPA’s aim of providing a solution


Question: Supreme court EPA authority

4. Potential court strikes decimate future solvency, past cases prove

Mark Sherman 24, associated press and graduate from Princeton and UC Irvine Law, “Supreme Court halts enforcement of EPA’s plan to limit downwind pollution from power plants” PBS, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/supreme-court-halts-enforcement-of-epas-plan-to-limit-downwind-pollution-from-power-plants

justices in a 5-4 vote rejected arguments that the plan was cutting air pollution The Court reined in the powers of federal agencies including the EPA restricted the authority to fight water pollution decisions have undermined the EPA’s aim of providing a solution


Question: EPA air pollution solution

4. Potential court strikes decimate future solvency, past cases prove

Mark Sherman 24, associated press and graduate from Princeton and UC Irvine Law, “Supreme Court halts enforcement of EPA’s plan to limit downwind pollution from power plants” PBS, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/supreme-court-halts-enforcement-of-epas-plan-to-limit-downwind-pollution-from-power-plants

justices in a 5-4 vote rejected arguments that the plan was cutting air pollution The Court reined in the powers of federal agencies including the EPA restricted the authority to fight water pollution decisions have undermined the EPA’s aim of providing a solution


Question: Sorrow story missing

7---Yes the story of Sorrow is partly missing due to the misery of slavery that offense – the 1ac is a performance of critical fabulation

Casteli et al 24 (Published in European Journal of Pragmatism and American PhilosophyBodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Journal of Italian Philosophy Volume 7 (2024) Bodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Edited by Federica Castelli, Marco Piasentier, and Sara Raimondi)

Adrian Cavarero’s conversation with Black feminist narrative rewriting archives of Black life in the wake selfhood in relational terms critical fabulation kind of relational women and lives invisible a counternarrative relational uniqueness the accidental needs care singularity in Western philosophy embodied uniqueness in the name of the Human , or Man philosophy has reduced uniqueness to fit epistemic framework universal Man marked by exposure, vulnerability, and dependence” tropes as fiction, mythology, and autobiography and distinct genres , concept of critical fabulation, narrates a counternarrative


Question: Casteli et al 24

7---Yes the story of Sorrow is partly missing due to the misery of slavery that offense – the 1ac is a performance of critical fabulation

Casteli et al 24 (Published in European Journal of Pragmatism and American PhilosophyBodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Journal of Italian Philosophy Volume 7 (2024) Bodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Edited by Federica Castelli, Marco Piasentier, and Sara Raimondi)

Adrian Cavarero’s conversation with Black feminist narrative rewriting archives of Black life in the wake selfhood in relational terms critical fabulation kind of relational women and lives invisible a counternarrative relational uniqueness the accidental needs care singularity in Western philosophy embodied uniqueness in the name of the Human , or Man philosophy has reduced uniqueness to fit epistemic framework universal Man marked by exposure, vulnerability, and dependence” tropes as fiction, mythology, and autobiography and distinct genres , concept of critical fabulation, narrates a counternarrative


Question: critical fabulation performance

7---Yes the story of Sorrow is partly missing due to the misery of slavery that offense – the 1ac is a performance of critical fabulation

Casteli et al 24 (Published in European Journal of Pragmatism and American PhilosophyBodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Journal of Italian Philosophy Volume 7 (2024) Bodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Edited by Federica Castelli, Marco Piasentier, and Sara Raimondi)

Adrian Cavarero’s conversation with Black feminist narrative rewriting archives of Black life in the wake selfhood in relational terms critical fabulation kind of relational women and lives invisible a counternarrative relational uniqueness the accidental needs care singularity in Western philosophy embodied uniqueness in the name of the Human , or Man philosophy has reduced uniqueness to fit epistemic framework universal Man marked by exposure, vulnerability, and dependence” tropes as fiction, mythology, and autobiography and distinct genres , concept of critical fabulation, narrates a counternarrative


Question: Black feminist narrative rewriting archives

7---Yes the story of Sorrow is partly missing due to the misery of slavery that offense – the 1ac is a performance of critical fabulation

Casteli et al 24 (Published in European Journal of Pragmatism and American PhilosophyBodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Journal of Italian Philosophy Volume 7 (2024) Bodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Edited by Federica Castelli, Marco Piasentier, and Sara Raimondi)

Adrian Cavarero’s conversation with Black feminist narrative rewriting archives of Black life in the wake selfhood in relational terms critical fabulation kind of relational women and lives invisible a counternarrative relational uniqueness the accidental needs care singularity in Western philosophy embodied uniqueness in the name of the Human , or Man philosophy has reduced uniqueness to fit epistemic framework universal Man marked by exposure, vulnerability, and dependence” tropes as fiction, mythology, and autobiography and distinct genres , concept of critical fabulation, narrates a counternarrative


Question: Cavarero Black feminist narrative

7---Yes the story of Sorrow is partly missing due to the misery of slavery that offense – the 1ac is a performance of critical fabulation

Casteli et al 24 (Published in European Journal of Pragmatism and American PhilosophyBodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Journal of Italian Philosophy Volume 7 (2024) Bodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Edited by Federica Castelli, Marco Piasentier, and Sara Raimondi)

Adrian Cavarero’s conversation with Black feminist narrative rewriting archives of Black life in the wake selfhood in relational terms critical fabulation kind of relational women and lives invisible a counternarrative relational uniqueness the accidental needs care singularity in Western philosophy embodied uniqueness in the name of the Human , or Man philosophy has reduced uniqueness to fit epistemic framework universal Man marked by exposure, vulnerability, and dependence” tropes as fiction, mythology, and autobiography and distinct genres , concept of critical fabulation, narrates a counternarrative


Question: critical fabulation counternarrative

7---Yes the story of Sorrow is partly missing due to the misery of slavery that offense – the 1ac is a performance of critical fabulation

Casteli et al 24 (Published in European Journal of Pragmatism and American PhilosophyBodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Journal of Italian Philosophy Volume 7 (2024) Bodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Edited by Federica Castelli, Marco Piasentier, and Sara Raimondi)

Adrian Cavarero’s conversation with Black feminist narrative rewriting archives of Black life in the wake selfhood in relational terms critical fabulation kind of relational women and lives invisible a counternarrative relational uniqueness the accidental needs care singularity in Western philosophy embodied uniqueness in the name of the Human , or Man philosophy has reduced uniqueness to fit epistemic framework universal Man marked by exposure, vulnerability, and dependence” tropes as fiction, mythology, and autobiography and distinct genres , concept of critical fabulation, narrates a counternarrative