Question: Militant ecology locks in dictatorship

The 1AC’s reactive, poetic, and anti-statist approach to ‘militant ecology’ locks in a dictatorship of the proletariat.

Heron & Dean 20 (Kai Heron, editor at ROAR Magazine.  Jodi Dean, Professor of Political Science at Hobart and William Smith Colleges.  “Revolution or Ruin.”  E-Flux.  Journal #110 - June 2020.  https://www.e-flux.com/journal/110/335242/revolution-or-ruin/ //shree)

we avoid pure negation and critical affirmation revolutions need dialectics Rather than joining parties in capitulating and wallowing following betrayal the climate crisis demands state-led centrally planned global response these learned from failures of Occupy It is not enough to suspend Taking responsibility means organizing in the “dictatorship of proletariat.” to seize the state a state-phobic turn opts for ruin  as revolution without considering association necessary many do not comply the state Failing to seize hospitals and logistical networks results in death Absent a state how is a just response possible Should we assume it spontaneously emerge that will be equally distributed The issue isn’t the state It’s the class wielding power


Question: Heron & Dean 20

The 1AC’s reactive, poetic, and anti-statist approach to ‘militant ecology’ locks in a dictatorship of the proletariat.

Heron & Dean 20 (Kai Heron, editor at ROAR Magazine.  Jodi Dean, Professor of Political Science at Hobart and William Smith Colleges.  “Revolution or Ruin.”  E-Flux.  Journal #110 - June 2020.  https://www.e-flux.com/journal/110/335242/revolution-or-ruin/ //shree)

we avoid pure negation and critical affirmation revolutions need dialectics Rather than joining parties in capitulating and wallowing following betrayal the climate crisis demands state-led centrally planned global response these learned from failures of Occupy It is not enough to suspend Taking responsibility means organizing in the “dictatorship of proletariat.” to seize the state a state-phobic turn opts for ruin  as revolution without considering association necessary many do not comply the state Failing to seize hospitals and logistical networks results in death Absent a state how is a just response possible Should we assume it spontaneously emerge that will be equally distributed The issue isn’t the state It’s the class wielding power


Question: Kai Heron

The 1AC’s reactive, poetic, and anti-statist approach to ‘militant ecology’ locks in a dictatorship of the proletariat.

Heron & Dean 20 (Kai Heron, editor at ROAR Magazine.  Jodi Dean, Professor of Political Science at Hobart and William Smith Colleges.  “Revolution or Ruin.”  E-Flux.  Journal #110 - June 2020.  https://www.e-flux.com/journal/110/335242/revolution-or-ruin/ //shree)

we avoid pure negation and critical affirmation revolutions need dialectics Rather than joining parties in capitulating and wallowing following betrayal the climate crisis demands state-led centrally planned global response these learned from failures of Occupy It is not enough to suspend Taking responsibility means organizing in the “dictatorship of proletariat.” to seize the state a state-phobic turn opts for ruin  as revolution without considering association necessary many do not comply the state Failing to seize hospitals and logistical networks results in death Absent a state how is a just response possible Should we assume it spontaneously emerge that will be equally distributed The issue isn’t the state It’s the class wielding power


Question: anti-statist approach to militant ecology

The 1AC’s reactive, poetic, and anti-statist approach to ‘militant ecology’ locks in a dictatorship of the proletariat.

Heron & Dean 20 (Kai Heron, editor at ROAR Magazine.  Jodi Dean, Professor of Political Science at Hobart and William Smith Colleges.  “Revolution or Ruin.”  E-Flux.  Journal #110 - June 2020.  https://www.e-flux.com/journal/110/335242/revolution-or-ruin/ //shree)

we avoid pure negation and critical affirmation revolutions need dialectics Rather than joining parties in capitulating and wallowing following betrayal the climate crisis demands state-led centrally planned global response these learned from failures of Occupy It is not enough to suspend Taking responsibility means organizing in the “dictatorship of proletariat.” to seize the state a state-phobic turn opts for ruin  as revolution without considering association necessary many do not comply the state Failing to seize hospitals and logistical networks results in death Absent a state how is a just response possible Should we assume it spontaneously emerge that will be equally distributed The issue isn’t the state It’s the class wielding power


Question: dictatorship of the proletariat

The 1AC’s reactive, poetic, and anti-statist approach to ‘militant ecology’ locks in a dictatorship of the proletariat.

Heron & Dean 20 (Kai Heron, editor at ROAR Magazine.  Jodi Dean, Professor of Political Science at Hobart and William Smith Colleges.  “Revolution or Ruin.”  E-Flux.  Journal #110 - June 2020.  https://www.e-flux.com/journal/110/335242/revolution-or-ruin/ //shree)

we avoid pure negation and critical affirmation revolutions need dialectics Rather than joining parties in capitulating and wallowing following betrayal the climate crisis demands state-led centrally planned global response these learned from failures of Occupy It is not enough to suspend Taking responsibility means organizing in the “dictatorship of proletariat.” to seize the state a state-phobic turn opts for ruin  as revolution without considering association necessary many do not comply the state Failing to seize hospitals and logistical networks results in death Absent a state how is a just response possible Should we assume it spontaneously emerge that will be equally distributed The issue isn’t the state It’s the class wielding power


Question: state-led centrally planned global response

The 1AC’s reactive, poetic, and anti-statist approach to ‘militant ecology’ locks in a dictatorship of the proletariat.

Heron & Dean 20 (Kai Heron, editor at ROAR Magazine.  Jodi Dean, Professor of Political Science at Hobart and William Smith Colleges.  “Revolution or Ruin.”  E-Flux.  Journal #110 - June 2020.  https://www.e-flux.com/journal/110/335242/revolution-or-ruin/ //shree)

we avoid pure negation and critical affirmation revolutions need dialectics Rather than joining parties in capitulating and wallowing following betrayal the climate crisis demands state-led centrally planned global response these learned from failures of Occupy It is not enough to suspend Taking responsibility means organizing in the “dictatorship of proletariat.” to seize the state a state-phobic turn opts for ruin  as revolution without considering association necessary many do not comply the state Failing to seize hospitals and logistical networks results in death Absent a state how is a just response possible Should we assume it spontaneously emerge that will be equally distributed The issue isn’t the state It’s the class wielding power


Question: seize hospitals and logistical networks

The 1AC’s reactive, poetic, and anti-statist approach to ‘militant ecology’ locks in a dictatorship of the proletariat.

Heron & Dean 20 (Kai Heron, editor at ROAR Magazine.  Jodi Dean, Professor of Political Science at Hobart and William Smith Colleges.  “Revolution or Ruin.”  E-Flux.  Journal #110 - June 2020.  https://www.e-flux.com/journal/110/335242/revolution-or-ruin/ //shree)

we avoid pure negation and critical affirmation revolutions need dialectics Rather than joining parties in capitulating and wallowing following betrayal the climate crisis demands state-led centrally planned global response these learned from failures of Occupy It is not enough to suspend Taking responsibility means organizing in the “dictatorship of proletariat.” to seize the state a state-phobic turn opts for ruin  as revolution without considering association necessary many do not comply the state Failing to seize hospitals and logistical networks results in death Absent a state how is a just response possible Should we assume it spontaneously emerge that will be equally distributed The issue isn’t the state It’s the class wielding power


Question: climate crisis demands state

The 1AC’s reactive, poetic, and anti-statist approach to ‘militant ecology’ locks in a dictatorship of the proletariat.

Heron & Dean 20 (Kai Heron, editor at ROAR Magazine.  Jodi Dean, Professor of Political Science at Hobart and William Smith Colleges.  “Revolution or Ruin.”  E-Flux.  Journal #110 - June 2020.  https://www.e-flux.com/journal/110/335242/revolution-or-ruin/ //shree)

we avoid pure negation and critical affirmation revolutions need dialectics Rather than joining parties in capitulating and wallowing following betrayal the climate crisis demands state-led centrally planned global response these learned from failures of Occupy It is not enough to suspend Taking responsibility means organizing in the “dictatorship of proletariat.” to seize the state a state-phobic turn opts for ruin  as revolution without considering association necessary many do not comply the state Failing to seize hospitals and logistical networks results in death Absent a state how is a just response possible Should we assume it spontaneously emerge that will be equally distributed The issue isn’t the state It’s the class wielding power


Question: Colonialism shifts to renewables

Turn -- Colonialism shifts to renewables

Aissa Dearing  5-2 (Aissa Dearing ,May 2, 2024, environmental justice activist and a PhD student at the University of Oxford "Renewable Energy and Settler Colonialism", JSTOR Daily, https://daily.jstor.org/renewable-energy-and-settler-colonialism/)

colonialism is a shape-shifter development of renewable energy resources haven’t reached all communities equally Infrastructure creation is shaped by uneven geographies, with development occurring in a way that promotes the , state found creative ways to maintain eminent domain over Tribal coal, gold, oil, and gas, and, now, lands for renewable energy Tribal lands resources vulnerable to corporate renewable energy expansion due to the relative absence of land use regulation and lack of financial incentives the constraints of being unable to participate on the international stage erode Tribal sovereignty, leaving Tribes unable to shape energy policy and trade .


Question: Aissa Dearing 5-2

Turn -- Colonialism shifts to renewables

Aissa Dearing  5-2 (Aissa Dearing ,May 2, 2024, environmental justice activist and a PhD student at the University of Oxford "Renewable Energy and Settler Colonialism", JSTOR Daily, https://daily.jstor.org/renewable-energy-and-settler-colonialism/)

colonialism is a shape-shifter development of renewable energy resources haven’t reached all communities equally Infrastructure creation is shaped by uneven geographies, with development occurring in a way that promotes the , state found creative ways to maintain eminent domain over Tribal coal, gold, oil, and gas, and, now, lands for renewable energy Tribal lands resources vulnerable to corporate renewable energy expansion due to the relative absence of land use regulation and lack of financial incentives the constraints of being unable to participate on the international stage erode Tribal sovereignty, leaving Tribes unable to shape energy policy and trade .


Question: Renewable energy colonialism

Turn -- Colonialism shifts to renewables

Aissa Dearing  5-2 (Aissa Dearing ,May 2, 2024, environmental justice activist and a PhD student at the University of Oxford "Renewable Energy and Settler Colonialism", JSTOR Daily, https://daily.jstor.org/renewable-energy-and-settler-colonialism/)

colonialism is a shape-shifter development of renewable energy resources haven’t reached all communities equally Infrastructure creation is shaped by uneven geographies, with development occurring in a way that promotes the , state found creative ways to maintain eminent domain over Tribal coal, gold, oil, and gas, and, now, lands for renewable energy Tribal lands resources vulnerable to corporate renewable energy expansion due to the relative absence of land use regulation and lack of financial incentives the constraints of being unable to participate on the international stage erode Tribal sovereignty, leaving Tribes unable to shape energy policy and trade .


Question: Tribal lands vulnerable to renewables

Turn -- Colonialism shifts to renewables

Aissa Dearing  5-2 (Aissa Dearing ,May 2, 2024, environmental justice activist and a PhD student at the University of Oxford "Renewable Energy and Settler Colonialism", JSTOR Daily, https://daily.jstor.org/renewable-energy-and-settler-colonialism/)

colonialism is a shape-shifter development of renewable energy resources haven’t reached all communities equally Infrastructure creation is shaped by uneven geographies, with development occurring in a way that promotes the , state found creative ways to maintain eminent domain over Tribal coal, gold, oil, and gas, and, now, lands for renewable energy Tribal lands resources vulnerable to corporate renewable energy expansion due to the relative absence of land use regulation and lack of financial incentives the constraints of being unable to participate on the international stage erode Tribal sovereignty, leaving Tribes unable to shape energy policy and trade .


Question: renewables erode tribal sovereignty

Turn -- Colonialism shifts to renewables

Aissa Dearing  5-2 (Aissa Dearing ,May 2, 2024, environmental justice activist and a PhD student at the University of Oxford "Renewable Energy and Settler Colonialism", JSTOR Daily, https://daily.jstor.org/renewable-energy-and-settler-colonialism/)

colonialism is a shape-shifter development of renewable energy resources haven’t reached all communities equally Infrastructure creation is shaped by uneven geographies, with development occurring in a way that promotes the , state found creative ways to maintain eminent domain over Tribal coal, gold, oil, and gas, and, now, lands for renewable energy Tribal lands resources vulnerable to corporate renewable energy expansion due to the relative absence of land use regulation and lack of financial incentives the constraints of being unable to participate on the international stage erode Tribal sovereignty, leaving Tribes unable to shape energy policy and trade .


Question: colonialism is a shape-shifter

Turn -- Colonialism shifts to renewables

Aissa Dearing  5-2 (Aissa Dearing ,May 2, 2024, environmental justice activist and a PhD student at the University of Oxford "Renewable Energy and Settler Colonialism", JSTOR Daily, https://daily.jstor.org/renewable-energy-and-settler-colonialism/)

colonialism is a shape-shifter development of renewable energy resources haven’t reached all communities equally Infrastructure creation is shaped by uneven geographies, with development occurring in a way that promotes the , state found creative ways to maintain eminent domain over Tribal coal, gold, oil, and gas, and, now, lands for renewable energy Tribal lands resources vulnerable to corporate renewable energy expansion due to the relative absence of land use regulation and lack of financial incentives the constraints of being unable to participate on the international stage erode Tribal sovereignty, leaving Tribes unable to shape energy policy and trade .


Question: Agent provocateurs turn alt solvency

Agent provocateurs turn alt solvency – materializes in Cointelpro-era government co-option AND deters public support

Gunderson et al. 23 [Ryan Gunderson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Affiliate of the Institute for the Environment and Sustainability at Miami University. William Charles is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology at Miami University. (2023). A sociology of “climatage”: the appeal and counterproductivity of property destruction as a climate change strategy. Environmental Sociology, 9(4), 398–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2023.2234648, JKS]

it is worth noting agent provocateurs who infiltrate protests and movements push for property destruction and violence because they know these will decrease public support and increase the state repressive responses COINTELPRO and similar movements strategically encouraged Civil Rights activists to abandon nonviolent tactics In 2023, the FBI infiltrated a Denver chapter of B L M and encouraged guns and violence property destruction increase public awareness and decrease public support In six experiments, property destruction reduced support for the movement’s cause Despite nuances property destruction decrease support mass politics is required to address climate change Public opinion matters because the success of movement goals depends on participation and support


Question: Gunderson et al 23

Agent provocateurs turn alt solvency – materializes in Cointelpro-era government co-option AND deters public support

Gunderson et al. 23 [Ryan Gunderson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Affiliate of the Institute for the Environment and Sustainability at Miami University. William Charles is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology at Miami University. (2023). A sociology of “climatage”: the appeal and counterproductivity of property destruction as a climate change strategy. Environmental Sociology, 9(4), 398–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2023.2234648, JKS]

it is worth noting agent provocateurs who infiltrate protests and movements push for property destruction and violence because they know these will decrease public support and increase the state repressive responses COINTELPRO and similar movements strategically encouraged Civil Rights activists to abandon nonviolent tactics In 2023, the FBI infiltrated a Denver chapter of B L M and encouraged guns and violence property destruction increase public awareness and decrease public support In six experiments, property destruction reduced support for the movement’s cause Despite nuances property destruction decrease support mass politics is required to address climate change Public opinion matters because the success of movement goals depends on participation and support


Question: Agent provocateurs decrease public support

Agent provocateurs turn alt solvency – materializes in Cointelpro-era government co-option AND deters public support

Gunderson et al. 23 [Ryan Gunderson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Affiliate of the Institute for the Environment and Sustainability at Miami University. William Charles is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology at Miami University. (2023). A sociology of “climatage”: the appeal and counterproductivity of property destruction as a climate change strategy. Environmental Sociology, 9(4), 398–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2023.2234648, JKS]

it is worth noting agent provocateurs who infiltrate protests and movements push for property destruction and violence because they know these will decrease public support and increase the state repressive responses COINTELPRO and similar movements strategically encouraged Civil Rights activists to abandon nonviolent tactics In 2023, the FBI infiltrated a Denver chapter of B L M and encouraged guns and violence property destruction increase public awareness and decrease public support In six experiments, property destruction reduced support for the movement’s cause Despite nuances property destruction decrease support mass politics is required to address climate change Public opinion matters because the success of movement goals depends on participation and support


Question: Cointelpro era government co-option

Agent provocateurs turn alt solvency – materializes in Cointelpro-era government co-option AND deters public support

Gunderson et al. 23 [Ryan Gunderson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Affiliate of the Institute for the Environment and Sustainability at Miami University. William Charles is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology at Miami University. (2023). A sociology of “climatage”: the appeal and counterproductivity of property destruction as a climate change strategy. Environmental Sociology, 9(4), 398–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2023.2234648, JKS]

it is worth noting agent provocateurs who infiltrate protests and movements push for property destruction and violence because they know these will decrease public support and increase the state repressive responses COINTELPRO and similar movements strategically encouraged Civil Rights activists to abandon nonviolent tactics In 2023, the FBI infiltrated a Denver chapter of B L M and encouraged guns and violence property destruction increase public awareness and decrease public support In six experiments, property destruction reduced support for the movement’s cause Despite nuances property destruction decrease support mass politics is required to address climate change Public opinion matters because the success of movement goals depends on participation and support


Question: property destruction decrease support

Agent provocateurs turn alt solvency – materializes in Cointelpro-era government co-option AND deters public support

Gunderson et al. 23 [Ryan Gunderson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Affiliate of the Institute for the Environment and Sustainability at Miami University. William Charles is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology at Miami University. (2023). A sociology of “climatage”: the appeal and counterproductivity of property destruction as a climate change strategy. Environmental Sociology, 9(4), 398–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2023.2234648, JKS]

it is worth noting agent provocateurs who infiltrate protests and movements push for property destruction and violence because they know these will decrease public support and increase the state repressive responses COINTELPRO and similar movements strategically encouraged Civil Rights activists to abandon nonviolent tactics In 2023, the FBI infiltrated a Denver chapter of B L M and encouraged guns and violence property destruction increase public awareness and decrease public support In six experiments, property destruction reduced support for the movement’s cause Despite nuances property destruction decrease support mass politics is required to address climate change Public opinion matters because the success of movement goals depends on participation and support


Question: agent provocateurs cause violence

Agent provocateurs turn alt solvency – materializes in Cointelpro-era government co-option AND deters public support

Gunderson et al. 23 [Ryan Gunderson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Affiliate of the Institute for the Environment and Sustainability at Miami University. William Charles is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology at Miami University. (2023). A sociology of “climatage”: the appeal and counterproductivity of property destruction as a climate change strategy. Environmental Sociology, 9(4), 398–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2023.2234648, JKS]

it is worth noting agent provocateurs who infiltrate protests and movements push for property destruction and violence because they know these will decrease public support and increase the state repressive responses COINTELPRO and similar movements strategically encouraged Civil Rights activists to abandon nonviolent tactics In 2023, the FBI infiltrated a Denver chapter of B L M and encouraged guns and violence property destruction increase public awareness and decrease public support In six experiments, property destruction reduced support for the movement’s cause Despite nuances property destruction decrease support mass politics is required to address climate change Public opinion matters because the success of movement goals depends on participation and support


Question: property destruction BLM

Agent provocateurs turn alt solvency – materializes in Cointelpro-era government co-option AND deters public support

Gunderson et al. 23 [Ryan Gunderson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Affiliate of the Institute for the Environment and Sustainability at Miami University. William Charles is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology at Miami University. (2023). A sociology of “climatage”: the appeal and counterproductivity of property destruction as a climate change strategy. Environmental Sociology, 9(4), 398–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2023.2234648, JKS]

it is worth noting agent provocateurs who infiltrate protests and movements push for property destruction and violence because they know these will decrease public support and increase the state repressive responses COINTELPRO and similar movements strategically encouraged Civil Rights activists to abandon nonviolent tactics In 2023, the FBI infiltrated a Denver chapter of B L M and encouraged guns and violence property destruction increase public awareness and decrease public support In six experiments, property destruction reduced support for the movement’s cause Despite nuances property destruction decrease support mass politics is required to address climate change Public opinion matters because the success of movement goals depends on participation and support


Question: climatage

Agent provocateurs turn alt solvency – materializes in Cointelpro-era government co-option AND deters public support

Gunderson et al. 23 [Ryan Gunderson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Affiliate of the Institute for the Environment and Sustainability at Miami University. William Charles is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology at Miami University. (2023). A sociology of “climatage”: the appeal and counterproductivity of property destruction as a climate change strategy. Environmental Sociology, 9(4), 398–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2023.2234648, JKS]

it is worth noting agent provocateurs who infiltrate protests and movements push for property destruction and violence because they know these will decrease public support and increase the state repressive responses COINTELPRO and similar movements strategically encouraged Civil Rights activists to abandon nonviolent tactics In 2023, the FBI infiltrated a Denver chapter of B L M and encouraged guns and violence property destruction increase public awareness and decrease public support In six experiments, property destruction reduced support for the movement’s cause Despite nuances property destruction decrease support mass politics is required to address climate change Public opinion matters because the success of movement goals depends on participation and support


Question: cuts kill moderate support

Cuts would require hundreds of billions of dollars—that kills moderate support.

Kogan ‘3—4 [Bobby Kogan is the Senior Director Of Federal Budget Policy At The Center For American Progress. "Opinion", MSNBC https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/house-republicans-budget-medicaid-snap-cuts-rcna194231 published 3-4-2025, accessed 3-6-2025]

Rep s budget resolution strong public pushback refrain from GOP hundreds of billions in cuts to Medicaid and SNAP. Rep s who support cuts won’t be able to maintain long public will see Rep s eviscerating assistance to help millionaires


Question: Kogan 2025

Cuts would require hundreds of billions of dollars—that kills moderate support.

Kogan ‘3—4 [Bobby Kogan is the Senior Director Of Federal Budget Policy At The Center For American Progress. "Opinion", MSNBC https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/house-republicans-budget-medicaid-snap-cuts-rcna194231 published 3-4-2025, accessed 3-6-2025]

Rep s budget resolution strong public pushback refrain from GOP hundreds of billions in cuts to Medicaid and SNAP. Rep s who support cuts won’t be able to maintain long public will see Rep s eviscerating assistance to help millionaires


Question: hundreds of billions in cuts

Cuts would require hundreds of billions of dollars—that kills moderate support.

Kogan ‘3—4 [Bobby Kogan is the Senior Director Of Federal Budget Policy At The Center For American Progress. "Opinion", MSNBC https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/house-republicans-budget-medicaid-snap-cuts-rcna194231 published 3-4-2025, accessed 3-6-2025]

Rep s budget resolution strong public pushback refrain from GOP hundreds of billions in cuts to Medicaid and SNAP. Rep s who support cuts won’t be able to maintain long public will see Rep s eviscerating assistance to help millionaires


Question: cuts to Medicaid and SNAP

Cuts would require hundreds of billions of dollars—that kills moderate support.

Kogan ‘3—4 [Bobby Kogan is the Senior Director Of Federal Budget Policy At The Center For American Progress. "Opinion", MSNBC https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/house-republicans-budget-medicaid-snap-cuts-rcna194231 published 3-4-2025, accessed 3-6-2025]

Rep s budget resolution strong public pushback refrain from GOP hundreds of billions in cuts to Medicaid and SNAP. Rep s who support cuts won’t be able to maintain long public will see Rep s eviscerating assistance to help millionaires


Question: Republicans budget cuts public pushback

Cuts would require hundreds of billions of dollars—that kills moderate support.

Kogan ‘3—4 [Bobby Kogan is the Senior Director Of Federal Budget Policy At The Center For American Progress. "Opinion", MSNBC https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/house-republicans-budget-medicaid-snap-cuts-rcna194231 published 3-4-2025, accessed 3-6-2025]

Rep s budget resolution strong public pushback refrain from GOP hundreds of billions in cuts to Medicaid and SNAP. Rep s who support cuts won’t be able to maintain long public will see Rep s eviscerating assistance to help millionaires


Question: eviscerating assistance to millionaires

Cuts would require hundreds of billions of dollars—that kills moderate support.

Kogan ‘3—4 [Bobby Kogan is the Senior Director Of Federal Budget Policy At The Center For American Progress. "Opinion", MSNBC https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/house-republicans-budget-medicaid-snap-cuts-rcna194231 published 3-4-2025, accessed 3-6-2025]

Rep s budget resolution strong public pushback refrain from GOP hundreds of billions in cuts to Medicaid and SNAP. Rep s who support cuts won’t be able to maintain long public will see Rep s eviscerating assistance to help millionaires


Question: Best forecasts are Aff

Best forecasts are Aff.

Carl Surran 12/31 (covers energy, utilities, and natural resources for Seeking Alpha. He holds a BA from Duke University and an MBA from Rollins College.; Surran, Carl. “Oil Benchmarks Little Changed for 2024; Demand Concerns Dampen 2025 Price Outlook.” Seeking Alpha, 2025, seekingalpha.com/news/4391779-oil-futures-little-changed-for-2024-demand-concerns-dampen-2025-price-outlook. Accessed 1 Jan. 2025.)Rinehart.

Weak global demand and looming supply glut are weighing on the oil market's outlook survey of analysts showing lower price forecasts with benchmarks expected to fal next year


Question: Carl Surran best forecasts

Best forecasts are Aff.

Carl Surran 12/31 (covers energy, utilities, and natural resources for Seeking Alpha. He holds a BA from Duke University and an MBA from Rollins College.; Surran, Carl. “Oil Benchmarks Little Changed for 2024; Demand Concerns Dampen 2025 Price Outlook.” Seeking Alpha, 2025, seekingalpha.com/news/4391779-oil-futures-little-changed-for-2024-demand-concerns-dampen-2025-price-outlook. Accessed 1 Jan. 2025.)Rinehart.

Weak global demand and looming supply glut are weighing on the oil market's outlook survey of analysts showing lower price forecasts with benchmarks expected to fal next year


Question: oil market outlook survey

Best forecasts are Aff.

Carl Surran 12/31 (covers energy, utilities, and natural resources for Seeking Alpha. He holds a BA from Duke University and an MBA from Rollins College.; Surran, Carl. “Oil Benchmarks Little Changed for 2024; Demand Concerns Dampen 2025 Price Outlook.” Seeking Alpha, 2025, seekingalpha.com/news/4391779-oil-futures-little-changed-for-2024-demand-concerns-dampen-2025-price-outlook. Accessed 1 Jan. 2025.)Rinehart.

Weak global demand and looming supply glut are weighing on the oil market's outlook survey of analysts showing lower price forecasts with benchmarks expected to fal next year


Question: weak global demand

Best forecasts are Aff.

Carl Surran 12/31 (covers energy, utilities, and natural resources for Seeking Alpha. He holds a BA from Duke University and an MBA from Rollins College.; Surran, Carl. “Oil Benchmarks Little Changed for 2024; Demand Concerns Dampen 2025 Price Outlook.” Seeking Alpha, 2025, seekingalpha.com/news/4391779-oil-futures-little-changed-for-2024-demand-concerns-dampen-2025-price-outlook. Accessed 1 Jan. 2025.)Rinehart.

Weak global demand and looming supply glut are weighing on the oil market's outlook survey of analysts showing lower price forecasts with benchmarks expected to fal next year


Question: looming supply glut

Best forecasts are Aff.

Carl Surran 12/31 (covers energy, utilities, and natural resources for Seeking Alpha. He holds a BA from Duke University and an MBA from Rollins College.; Surran, Carl. “Oil Benchmarks Little Changed for 2024; Demand Concerns Dampen 2025 Price Outlook.” Seeking Alpha, 2025, seekingalpha.com/news/4391779-oil-futures-little-changed-for-2024-demand-concerns-dampen-2025-price-outlook. Accessed 1 Jan. 2025.)Rinehart.

Weak global demand and looming supply glut are weighing on the oil market's outlook survey of analysts showing lower price forecasts with benchmarks expected to fal next year


Question: lower price forecasts

Best forecasts are Aff.

Carl Surran 12/31 (covers energy, utilities, and natural resources for Seeking Alpha. He holds a BA from Duke University and an MBA from Rollins College.; Surran, Carl. “Oil Benchmarks Little Changed for 2024; Demand Concerns Dampen 2025 Price Outlook.” Seeking Alpha, 2025, seekingalpha.com/news/4391779-oil-futures-little-changed-for-2024-demand-concerns-dampen-2025-price-outlook. Accessed 1 Jan. 2025.)Rinehart.

Weak global demand and looming supply glut are weighing on the oil market's outlook survey of analysts showing lower price forecasts with benchmarks expected to fal next year


Question: Don’t trust Silver

Don’t trust Silver. He’s a not-so-shy Trump pollster.

Economic Times 9-7-2024 (“U.S elections: Has Nate Silver skewed data in favour of Donald Trump, he faces backlash on social media,” https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/u-s-elections-has-nate-silver-skewed-data-in-favour-of-donald-trump-he-faces-backlash-on-social-media/articleshow/113155242.cms#google_vignette)

Silver's election model favors less trustworthy surveys and benefits from his affiliation with a betting organization despite criticisms of FiveThirtyEight, he is now making similar adjustments he is giving more weight to less reputable polls Silver’s involvement with Polymarket has a conflict of interest The endorsement from Trump highlights the controversial model


Question: Economic Times 9-7-2024

Don’t trust Silver. He’s a not-so-shy Trump pollster.

Economic Times 9-7-2024 (“U.S elections: Has Nate Silver skewed data in favour of Donald Trump, he faces backlash on social media,” https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/u-s-elections-has-nate-silver-skewed-data-in-favour-of-donald-trump-he-faces-backlash-on-social-media/articleshow/113155242.cms#google_vignette)

Silver's election model favors less trustworthy surveys and benefits from his affiliation with a betting organization despite criticisms of FiveThirtyEight, he is now making similar adjustments he is giving more weight to less reputable polls Silver’s involvement with Polymarket has a conflict of interest The endorsement from Trump highlights the controversial model


Question: Nate Silver skewed data

Don’t trust Silver. He’s a not-so-shy Trump pollster.

Economic Times 9-7-2024 (“U.S elections: Has Nate Silver skewed data in favour of Donald Trump, he faces backlash on social media,” https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/u-s-elections-has-nate-silver-skewed-data-in-favour-of-donald-trump-he-faces-backlash-on-social-media/articleshow/113155242.cms#google_vignette)

Silver's election model favors less trustworthy surveys and benefits from his affiliation with a betting organization despite criticisms of FiveThirtyEight, he is now making similar adjustments he is giving more weight to less reputable polls Silver’s involvement with Polymarket has a conflict of interest The endorsement from Trump highlights the controversial model


Question: Silver affiliation with betting org

Don’t trust Silver. He’s a not-so-shy Trump pollster.

Economic Times 9-7-2024 (“U.S elections: Has Nate Silver skewed data in favour of Donald Trump, he faces backlash on social media,” https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/u-s-elections-has-nate-silver-skewed-data-in-favour-of-donald-trump-he-faces-backlash-on-social-media/articleshow/113155242.cms#google_vignette)

Silver's election model favors less trustworthy surveys and benefits from his affiliation with a betting organization despite criticisms of FiveThirtyEight, he is now making similar adjustments he is giving more weight to less reputable polls Silver’s involvement with Polymarket has a conflict of interest The endorsement from Trump highlights the controversial model


Question: Trump pollster

Don’t trust Silver. He’s a not-so-shy Trump pollster.

Economic Times 9-7-2024 (“U.S elections: Has Nate Silver skewed data in favour of Donald Trump, he faces backlash on social media,” https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/u-s-elections-has-nate-silver-skewed-data-in-favour-of-donald-trump-he-faces-backlash-on-social-media/articleshow/113155242.cms#google_vignette)

Silver's election model favors less trustworthy surveys and benefits from his affiliation with a betting organization despite criticisms of FiveThirtyEight, he is now making similar adjustments he is giving more weight to less reputable polls Silver’s involvement with Polymarket has a conflict of interest The endorsement from Trump highlights the controversial model


Question: less trustworthy surveys

Don’t trust Silver. He’s a not-so-shy Trump pollster.

Economic Times 9-7-2024 (“U.S elections: Has Nate Silver skewed data in favour of Donald Trump, he faces backlash on social media,” https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/u-s-elections-has-nate-silver-skewed-data-in-favour-of-donald-trump-he-faces-backlash-on-social-media/articleshow/113155242.cms#google_vignette)

Silver's election model favors less trustworthy surveys and benefits from his affiliation with a betting organization despite criticisms of FiveThirtyEight, he is now making similar adjustments he is giving more weight to less reputable polls Silver’s involvement with Polymarket has a conflict of interest The endorsement from Trump highlights the controversial model


Question: Jevons paradox is wrong

Jevon’s paradox is wrong.

Harford 24 – Master’s in Economics. Columnist for the Financial Times and author of four books.

Owen view Jevons paradox as inescapable Yet the environment is certain to come out ahead there are few more environmentally damaging ways to spend a thousand dollars than to burn gas money could be spent on tree saplings or yoga we can refute the strong paradox energy consumption per person has fallen by one-third while carbon emissions have by 60 per cent efficiency has reduced consumption


Question: Harford 24

Jevon’s paradox is wrong.

Harford 24 – Master’s in Economics. Columnist for the Financial Times and author of four books.

Owen view Jevons paradox as inescapable Yet the environment is certain to come out ahead there are few more environmentally damaging ways to spend a thousand dollars than to burn gas money could be spent on tree saplings or yoga we can refute the strong paradox energy consumption per person has fallen by one-third while carbon emissions have by 60 per cent efficiency has reduced consumption


Question: Jevons paradox

Jevon’s paradox is wrong.

Harford 24 – Master’s in Economics. Columnist for the Financial Times and author of four books.

Owen view Jevons paradox as inescapable Yet the environment is certain to come out ahead there are few more environmentally damaging ways to spend a thousand dollars than to burn gas money could be spent on tree saplings or yoga we can refute the strong paradox energy consumption per person has fallen by one-third while carbon emissions have by 60 per cent efficiency has reduced consumption


Question: Jevons paradox refuted

Jevon’s paradox is wrong.

Harford 24 – Master’s in Economics. Columnist for the Financial Times and author of four books.

Owen view Jevons paradox as inescapable Yet the environment is certain to come out ahead there are few more environmentally damaging ways to spend a thousand dollars than to burn gas money could be spent on tree saplings or yoga we can refute the strong paradox energy consumption per person has fallen by one-third while carbon emissions have by 60 per cent efficiency has reduced consumption


Question: efficiency reduces consumption

Jevon’s paradox is wrong.

Harford 24 – Master’s in Economics. Columnist for the Financial Times and author of four books.

Owen view Jevons paradox as inescapable Yet the environment is certain to come out ahead there are few more environmentally damaging ways to spend a thousand dollars than to burn gas money could be spent on tree saplings or yoga we can refute the strong paradox energy consumption per person has fallen by one-third while carbon emissions have by 60 per cent efficiency has reduced consumption


Question: energy consumption per person has fallen

Jevon’s paradox is wrong.

Harford 24 – Master’s in Economics. Columnist for the Financial Times and author of four books.

Owen view Jevons paradox as inescapable Yet the environment is certain to come out ahead there are few more environmentally damaging ways to spend a thousand dollars than to burn gas money could be spent on tree saplings or yoga we can refute the strong paradox energy consumption per person has fallen by one-third while carbon emissions have by 60 per cent efficiency has reduced consumption


Question: Trump causes trade wars

Trump causes trade wars.

Lipsky 24, [Josh Lipsky is the senior director of the Atlantic Council’s GeoEconomics Center. He previously served as an advisor at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Speechwriter to Christine Lagarde. Prior to joining the IMF, Josh was an appointee at the State Department, serving as Special Advisor to the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy. Before joining the State Department, Josh worked in the White House and was tasked with helping plan President Obama’s participation at the G-20, G-7, and other global summits. He has also worked on Capitol Hill and at the Daily Show with Jon Stewart. He is a term-member at the Council on Foreign Relations and an Economic Diplomacy Fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. In these roles he has advised policymakers on a range of emerging challenges to the global economy, including trade wars, the reform of the Bretton Woods system, and the rise of digital currencies. His analysis, writing, and commentary have been featured in the New York Times, the Financial Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, Bloomberg, and CNBC, among others. Josh is a licensed attorney, accredited to practice in Maryland and Washington, D.C. He holds a J.D. from Georgetown University Law School, a Master’s degree from the Harvard Kennedy School, and a B.A. from Columbia University. Josh, his wife Leah, and their daughters Clara and Hannah, live in Maryland. “The Trump trade wars are coming back. Here’s what to expect this time.” November 13, 2024. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/the-trump-trade-wars-are-coming-back-heres-what-to-expect-this-time/]//KAK

Trump  will follow through on promise to impose tariffs IMF put together model showing ripple effects from just small dispute cost the econ upward of $700 billion Trump means what he says his return signals the U S is headed toward another trade conflict this time it won’t be limited to China. Trump’s belief in tariffs deeply rooted not simply a tactic executive authority is expansive


Question: Lipsky 24

Trump causes trade wars.

Lipsky 24, [Josh Lipsky is the senior director of the Atlantic Council’s GeoEconomics Center. He previously served as an advisor at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Speechwriter to Christine Lagarde. Prior to joining the IMF, Josh was an appointee at the State Department, serving as Special Advisor to the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy. Before joining the State Department, Josh worked in the White House and was tasked with helping plan President Obama’s participation at the G-20, G-7, and other global summits. He has also worked on Capitol Hill and at the Daily Show with Jon Stewart. He is a term-member at the Council on Foreign Relations and an Economic Diplomacy Fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. In these roles he has advised policymakers on a range of emerging challenges to the global economy, including trade wars, the reform of the Bretton Woods system, and the rise of digital currencies. His analysis, writing, and commentary have been featured in the New York Times, the Financial Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, Bloomberg, and CNBC, among others. Josh is a licensed attorney, accredited to practice in Maryland and Washington, D.C. He holds a J.D. from Georgetown University Law School, a Master’s degree from the Harvard Kennedy School, and a B.A. from Columbia University. Josh, his wife Leah, and their daughters Clara and Hannah, live in Maryland. “The Trump trade wars are coming back. Here’s what to expect this time.” November 13, 2024. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/the-trump-trade-wars-are-coming-back-heres-what-to-expect-this-time/]//KAK

Trump  will follow through on promise to impose tariffs IMF put together model showing ripple effects from just small dispute cost the econ upward of $700 billion Trump means what he says his return signals the U S is headed toward another trade conflict this time it won’t be limited to China. Trump’s belief in tariffs deeply rooted not simply a tactic executive authority is expansive


Question: Trump imposes tariffs

Trump causes trade wars.

Lipsky 24, [Josh Lipsky is the senior director of the Atlantic Council’s GeoEconomics Center. He previously served as an advisor at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Speechwriter to Christine Lagarde. Prior to joining the IMF, Josh was an appointee at the State Department, serving as Special Advisor to the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy. Before joining the State Department, Josh worked in the White House and was tasked with helping plan President Obama’s participation at the G-20, G-7, and other global summits. He has also worked on Capitol Hill and at the Daily Show with Jon Stewart. He is a term-member at the Council on Foreign Relations and an Economic Diplomacy Fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. In these roles he has advised policymakers on a range of emerging challenges to the global economy, including trade wars, the reform of the Bretton Woods system, and the rise of digital currencies. His analysis, writing, and commentary have been featured in the New York Times, the Financial Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, Bloomberg, and CNBC, among others. Josh is a licensed attorney, accredited to practice in Maryland and Washington, D.C. He holds a J.D. from Georgetown University Law School, a Master’s degree from the Harvard Kennedy School, and a B.A. from Columbia University. Josh, his wife Leah, and their daughters Clara and Hannah, live in Maryland. “The Trump trade wars are coming back. Here’s what to expect this time.” November 13, 2024. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/the-trump-trade-wars-are-coming-back-heres-what-to-expect-this-time/]//KAK

Trump  will follow through on promise to impose tariffs IMF put together model showing ripple effects from just small dispute cost the econ upward of $700 billion Trump means what he says his return signals the U S is headed toward another trade conflict this time it won’t be limited to China. Trump’s belief in tariffs deeply rooted not simply a tactic executive authority is expansive


Question: Trump trade wars

Trump causes trade wars.

Lipsky 24, [Josh Lipsky is the senior director of the Atlantic Council’s GeoEconomics Center. He previously served as an advisor at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Speechwriter to Christine Lagarde. Prior to joining the IMF, Josh was an appointee at the State Department, serving as Special Advisor to the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy. Before joining the State Department, Josh worked in the White House and was tasked with helping plan President Obama’s participation at the G-20, G-7, and other global summits. He has also worked on Capitol Hill and at the Daily Show with Jon Stewart. He is a term-member at the Council on Foreign Relations and an Economic Diplomacy Fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. In these roles he has advised policymakers on a range of emerging challenges to the global economy, including trade wars, the reform of the Bretton Woods system, and the rise of digital currencies. His analysis, writing, and commentary have been featured in the New York Times, the Financial Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, Bloomberg, and CNBC, among others. Josh is a licensed attorney, accredited to practice in Maryland and Washington, D.C. He holds a J.D. from Georgetown University Law School, a Master’s degree from the Harvard Kennedy School, and a B.A. from Columbia University. Josh, his wife Leah, and their daughters Clara and Hannah, live in Maryland. “The Trump trade wars are coming back. Here’s what to expect this time.” November 13, 2024. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/the-trump-trade-wars-are-coming-back-heres-what-to-expect-this-time/]//KAK

Trump  will follow through on promise to impose tariffs IMF put together model showing ripple effects from just small dispute cost the econ upward of $700 billion Trump means what he says his return signals the U S is headed toward another trade conflict this time it won’t be limited to China. Trump’s belief in tariffs deeply rooted not simply a tactic executive authority is expansive


Question: trade conflict

Trump causes trade wars.

Lipsky 24, [Josh Lipsky is the senior director of the Atlantic Council’s GeoEconomics Center. He previously served as an advisor at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Speechwriter to Christine Lagarde. Prior to joining the IMF, Josh was an appointee at the State Department, serving as Special Advisor to the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy. Before joining the State Department, Josh worked in the White House and was tasked with helping plan President Obama’s participation at the G-20, G-7, and other global summits. He has also worked on Capitol Hill and at the Daily Show with Jon Stewart. He is a term-member at the Council on Foreign Relations and an Economic Diplomacy Fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. In these roles he has advised policymakers on a range of emerging challenges to the global economy, including trade wars, the reform of the Bretton Woods system, and the rise of digital currencies. His analysis, writing, and commentary have been featured in the New York Times, the Financial Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, Bloomberg, and CNBC, among others. Josh is a licensed attorney, accredited to practice in Maryland and Washington, D.C. He holds a J.D. from Georgetown University Law School, a Master’s degree from the Harvard Kennedy School, and a B.A. from Columbia University. Josh, his wife Leah, and their daughters Clara and Hannah, live in Maryland. “The Trump trade wars are coming back. Here’s what to expect this time.” November 13, 2024. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/the-trump-trade-wars-are-coming-back-heres-what-to-expect-this-time/]//KAK

Trump  will follow through on promise to impose tariffs IMF put together model showing ripple effects from just small dispute cost the econ upward of $700 billion Trump means what he says his return signals the U S is headed toward another trade conflict this time it won’t be limited to China. Trump’s belief in tariffs deeply rooted not simply a tactic executive authority is expansive


Question: tariffs deeply rooted

Trump causes trade wars.

Lipsky 24, [Josh Lipsky is the senior director of the Atlantic Council’s GeoEconomics Center. He previously served as an advisor at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Speechwriter to Christine Lagarde. Prior to joining the IMF, Josh was an appointee at the State Department, serving as Special Advisor to the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy. Before joining the State Department, Josh worked in the White House and was tasked with helping plan President Obama’s participation at the G-20, G-7, and other global summits. He has also worked on Capitol Hill and at the Daily Show with Jon Stewart. He is a term-member at the Council on Foreign Relations and an Economic Diplomacy Fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. In these roles he has advised policymakers on a range of emerging challenges to the global economy, including trade wars, the reform of the Bretton Woods system, and the rise of digital currencies. His analysis, writing, and commentary have been featured in the New York Times, the Financial Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, Bloomberg, and CNBC, among others. Josh is a licensed attorney, accredited to practice in Maryland and Washington, D.C. He holds a J.D. from Georgetown University Law School, a Master’s degree from the Harvard Kennedy School, and a B.A. from Columbia University. Josh, his wife Leah, and their daughters Clara and Hannah, live in Maryland. “The Trump trade wars are coming back. Here’s what to expect this time.” November 13, 2024. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/the-trump-trade-wars-are-coming-back-heres-what-to-expect-this-time/]//KAK

Trump  will follow through on promise to impose tariffs IMF put together model showing ripple effects from just small dispute cost the econ upward of $700 billion Trump means what he says his return signals the U S is headed toward another trade conflict this time it won’t be limited to China. Trump’s belief in tariffs deeply rooted not simply a tactic executive authority is expansive


Question: Trump tariffs

Trump causes trade wars.

Lipsky 24, [Josh Lipsky is the senior director of the Atlantic Council’s GeoEconomics Center. He previously served as an advisor at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Speechwriter to Christine Lagarde. Prior to joining the IMF, Josh was an appointee at the State Department, serving as Special Advisor to the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy. Before joining the State Department, Josh worked in the White House and was tasked with helping plan President Obama’s participation at the G-20, G-7, and other global summits. He has also worked on Capitol Hill and at the Daily Show with Jon Stewart. He is a term-member at the Council on Foreign Relations and an Economic Diplomacy Fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. In these roles he has advised policymakers on a range of emerging challenges to the global economy, including trade wars, the reform of the Bretton Woods system, and the rise of digital currencies. His analysis, writing, and commentary have been featured in the New York Times, the Financial Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, Bloomberg, and CNBC, among others. Josh is a licensed attorney, accredited to practice in Maryland and Washington, D.C. He holds a J.D. from Georgetown University Law School, a Master’s degree from the Harvard Kennedy School, and a B.A. from Columbia University. Josh, his wife Leah, and their daughters Clara and Hannah, live in Maryland. “The Trump trade wars are coming back. Here’s what to expect this time.” November 13, 2024. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/the-trump-trade-wars-are-coming-back-heres-what-to-expect-this-time/]//KAK

Trump  will follow through on promise to impose tariffs IMF put together model showing ripple effects from just small dispute cost the econ upward of $700 billion Trump means what he says his return signals the U S is headed toward another trade conflict this time it won’t be limited to China. Trump’s belief in tariffs deeply rooted not simply a tactic executive authority is expansive


Question: trade wars

Trump causes trade wars.

Lipsky 24, [Josh Lipsky is the senior director of the Atlantic Council’s GeoEconomics Center. He previously served as an advisor at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Speechwriter to Christine Lagarde. Prior to joining the IMF, Josh was an appointee at the State Department, serving as Special Advisor to the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy. Before joining the State Department, Josh worked in the White House and was tasked with helping plan President Obama’s participation at the G-20, G-7, and other global summits. He has also worked on Capitol Hill and at the Daily Show with Jon Stewart. He is a term-member at the Council on Foreign Relations and an Economic Diplomacy Fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. In these roles he has advised policymakers on a range of emerging challenges to the global economy, including trade wars, the reform of the Bretton Woods system, and the rise of digital currencies. His analysis, writing, and commentary have been featured in the New York Times, the Financial Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, Bloomberg, and CNBC, among others. Josh is a licensed attorney, accredited to practice in Maryland and Washington, D.C. He holds a J.D. from Georgetown University Law School, a Master’s degree from the Harvard Kennedy School, and a B.A. from Columbia University. Josh, his wife Leah, and their daughters Clara and Hannah, live in Maryland. “The Trump trade wars are coming back. Here’s what to expect this time.” November 13, 2024. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/the-trump-trade-wars-are-coming-back-heres-what-to-expect-this-time/]//KAK

Trump  will follow through on promise to impose tariffs IMF put together model showing ripple effects from just small dispute cost the econ upward of $700 billion Trump means what he says his return signals the U S is headed toward another trade conflict this time it won’t be limited to China. Trump’s belief in tariffs deeply rooted not simply a tactic executive authority is expansive


Question: Rogue bioterrorism and synthetic biology

Rogue bioterrorism and synthetic biology.

Albert ’20 [Michael J.; April 17; Lecturer in International Relations working at the intersection of IR and political theory, critical political economy, and the transdisciplinary study of socio-ecological systems; Global Policy, “The Dangers of Decoupling: Earth System Crisis and the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’,” Vol. 11, Issue 2, p. 245–254]

synthetic biology  is expected to produce viruses convergent capabilities enable breakthroughs in bioweaponization improving delivery CRIPSR expands capacities of biohackers technology becomes a key engine of growth


Question: Albert 2020

Rogue bioterrorism and synthetic biology.

Albert ’20 [Michael J.; April 17; Lecturer in International Relations working at the intersection of IR and political theory, critical political economy, and the transdisciplinary study of socio-ecological systems; Global Policy, “The Dangers of Decoupling: Earth System Crisis and the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’,” Vol. 11, Issue 2, p. 245–254]

synthetic biology  is expected to produce viruses convergent capabilities enable breakthroughs in bioweaponization improving delivery CRIPSR expands capacities of biohackers technology becomes a key engine of growth


Question: synthetic biology bioweaponization

Rogue bioterrorism and synthetic biology.

Albert ’20 [Michael J.; April 17; Lecturer in International Relations working at the intersection of IR and political theory, critical political economy, and the transdisciplinary study of socio-ecological systems; Global Policy, “The Dangers of Decoupling: Earth System Crisis and the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’,” Vol. 11, Issue 2, p. 245–254]

synthetic biology  is expected to produce viruses convergent capabilities enable breakthroughs in bioweaponization improving delivery CRIPSR expands capacities of biohackers technology becomes a key engine of growth


Question: CRISPR biohackers

Rogue bioterrorism and synthetic biology.

Albert ’20 [Michael J.; April 17; Lecturer in International Relations working at the intersection of IR and political theory, critical political economy, and the transdisciplinary study of socio-ecological systems; Global Policy, “The Dangers of Decoupling: Earth System Crisis and the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’,” Vol. 11, Issue 2, p. 245–254]

synthetic biology  is expected to produce viruses convergent capabilities enable breakthroughs in bioweaponization improving delivery CRIPSR expands capacities of biohackers technology becomes a key engine of growth


Question: dangers of decoupling

Rogue bioterrorism and synthetic biology.

Albert ’20 [Michael J.; April 17; Lecturer in International Relations working at the intersection of IR and political theory, critical political economy, and the transdisciplinary study of socio-ecological systems; Global Policy, “The Dangers of Decoupling: Earth System Crisis and the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’,” Vol. 11, Issue 2, p. 245–254]

synthetic biology  is expected to produce viruses convergent capabilities enable breakthroughs in bioweaponization improving delivery CRIPSR expands capacities of biohackers technology becomes a key engine of growth


Question: synthetic biology viruses

Rogue bioterrorism and synthetic biology.

Albert ’20 [Michael J.; April 17; Lecturer in International Relations working at the intersection of IR and political theory, critical political economy, and the transdisciplinary study of socio-ecological systems; Global Policy, “The Dangers of Decoupling: Earth System Crisis and the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’,” Vol. 11, Issue 2, p. 245–254]

synthetic biology  is expected to produce viruses convergent capabilities enable breakthroughs in bioweaponization improving delivery CRIPSR expands capacities of biohackers technology becomes a key engine of growth


Question: Full-year CR checks defense cuts

Only a Full-Yr C.R. checks Defense cuts---averts mandatory sequestration and permits a “anomalies funding list”.

N.L.I.H.C. – March 3rd – ’25 – National Low Income Housing Coalition - White House Sends “Anomalies” List to Congress as Republican Leaders Push for Full-Year Continuing Resolution – Take Action! - Mar 03, 2025 - https://nlihc.org/resource/white-house-sends-anomalies-list-congress

Johnson put together a year-long  CR The current CR slated to expire March 14 Without another the government will shutdown. under a full-year CR the White House may request Congress provide  “anomalies,” tacked on to the level funding provided through the CR. under the F R A without a agreement the budget may be subject to “sequestration,” sequestration would disproportionately hit defense which would face a $40 billion cut . The threat to defense spending is motivating a work-around auto cuts would be “turned off” under a full-year CR .


Question: NLHIC Anomalies list

Only a Full-Yr C.R. checks Defense cuts---averts mandatory sequestration and permits a “anomalies funding list”.

N.L.I.H.C. – March 3rd – ’25 – National Low Income Housing Coalition - White House Sends “Anomalies” List to Congress as Republican Leaders Push for Full-Year Continuing Resolution – Take Action! - Mar 03, 2025 - https://nlihc.org/resource/white-house-sends-anomalies-list-congress

Johnson put together a year-long  CR The current CR slated to expire March 14 Without another the government will shutdown. under a full-year CR the White House may request Congress provide  “anomalies,” tacked on to the level funding provided through the CR. under the F R A without a agreement the budget may be subject to “sequestration,” sequestration would disproportionately hit defense which would face a $40 billion cut . The threat to defense spending is motivating a work-around auto cuts would be “turned off” under a full-year CR .


Question: White House Anomalies

Only a Full-Yr C.R. checks Defense cuts---averts mandatory sequestration and permits a “anomalies funding list”.

N.L.I.H.C. – March 3rd – ’25 – National Low Income Housing Coalition - White House Sends “Anomalies” List to Congress as Republican Leaders Push for Full-Year Continuing Resolution – Take Action! - Mar 03, 2025 - https://nlihc.org/resource/white-house-sends-anomalies-list-congress

Johnson put together a year-long  CR The current CR slated to expire March 14 Without another the government will shutdown. under a full-year CR the White House may request Congress provide  “anomalies,” tacked on to the level funding provided through the CR. under the F R A without a agreement the budget may be subject to “sequestration,” sequestration would disproportionately hit defense which would face a $40 billion cut . The threat to defense spending is motivating a work-around auto cuts would be “turned off” under a full-year CR .


Question: Full year CR averts sequestration

Only a Full-Yr C.R. checks Defense cuts---averts mandatory sequestration and permits a “anomalies funding list”.

N.L.I.H.C. – March 3rd – ’25 – National Low Income Housing Coalition - White House Sends “Anomalies” List to Congress as Republican Leaders Push for Full-Year Continuing Resolution – Take Action! - Mar 03, 2025 - https://nlihc.org/resource/white-house-sends-anomalies-list-congress

Johnson put together a year-long  CR The current CR slated to expire March 14 Without another the government will shutdown. under a full-year CR the White House may request Congress provide  “anomalies,” tacked on to the level funding provided through the CR. under the F R A without a agreement the budget may be subject to “sequestration,” sequestration would disproportionately hit defense which would face a $40 billion cut . The threat to defense spending is motivating a work-around auto cuts would be “turned off” under a full-year CR .


Question: full-year CR

Only a Full-Yr C.R. checks Defense cuts---averts mandatory sequestration and permits a “anomalies funding list”.

N.L.I.H.C. – March 3rd – ’25 – National Low Income Housing Coalition - White House Sends “Anomalies” List to Congress as Republican Leaders Push for Full-Year Continuing Resolution – Take Action! - Mar 03, 2025 - https://nlihc.org/resource/white-house-sends-anomalies-list-congress

Johnson put together a year-long  CR The current CR slated to expire March 14 Without another the government will shutdown. under a full-year CR the White House may request Congress provide  “anomalies,” tacked on to the level funding provided through the CR. under the F R A without a agreement the budget may be subject to “sequestration,” sequestration would disproportionately hit defense which would face a $40 billion cut . The threat to defense spending is motivating a work-around auto cuts would be “turned off” under a full-year CR .


Question: defense cuts avoided

Only a Full-Yr C.R. checks Defense cuts---averts mandatory sequestration and permits a “anomalies funding list”.

N.L.I.H.C. – March 3rd – ’25 – National Low Income Housing Coalition - White House Sends “Anomalies” List to Congress as Republican Leaders Push for Full-Year Continuing Resolution – Take Action! - Mar 03, 2025 - https://nlihc.org/resource/white-house-sends-anomalies-list-congress

Johnson put together a year-long  CR The current CR slated to expire March 14 Without another the government will shutdown. under a full-year CR the White House may request Congress provide  “anomalies,” tacked on to the level funding provided through the CR. under the F R A without a agreement the budget may be subject to “sequestration,” sequestration would disproportionately hit defense which would face a $40 billion cut . The threat to defense spending is motivating a work-around auto cuts would be “turned off” under a full-year CR .


Question: anomalies funding list

Only a Full-Yr C.R. checks Defense cuts---averts mandatory sequestration and permits a “anomalies funding list”.

N.L.I.H.C. – March 3rd – ’25 – National Low Income Housing Coalition - White House Sends “Anomalies” List to Congress as Republican Leaders Push for Full-Year Continuing Resolution – Take Action! - Mar 03, 2025 - https://nlihc.org/resource/white-house-sends-anomalies-list-congress

Johnson put together a year-long  CR The current CR slated to expire March 14 Without another the government will shutdown. under a full-year CR the White House may request Congress provide  “anomalies,” tacked on to the level funding provided through the CR. under the F R A without a agreement the budget may be subject to “sequestration,” sequestration would disproportionately hit defense which would face a $40 billion cut . The threat to defense spending is motivating a work-around auto cuts would be “turned off” under a full-year CR .


Question: Humanism resolves inequity

Humanism is reclaimable and resolves inequity

Kamola 17, Assistant Professor of political science at Trinity College, coeditor of Politics of African Anticolonial Archive and The Transnational Politics of Higher Education: Contesting the Global/Transforming the Local (Isaac Kamola, 10-5-2017, “A time for anticolonial theory,” Contemporary Political Theory, pages 1-8, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41296-017-0161-8)

planetary inequality nihilistic conflicts climate change racist movements issues central to human survival poses challenges to political practice engaging the world crafting theoretical tools to change it urgent need for human solidarity struggles are immediately practical writings avoid abstract musing arguments contain futures with possibility commitment to human politics , as radical critique of modernity rather than limited plotting of black identity inseparable from commitment to political imagination Blackness has the conscious desire for life engaged in creation and refusal to ‘ retreat from humanity to maintain justice planting seeds for the unexpected and even impossible share affirmation of freedom solidarity and interconnectedness


Question: Kamola 17

Humanism is reclaimable and resolves inequity

Kamola 17, Assistant Professor of political science at Trinity College, coeditor of Politics of African Anticolonial Archive and The Transnational Politics of Higher Education: Contesting the Global/Transforming the Local (Isaac Kamola, 10-5-2017, “A time for anticolonial theory,” Contemporary Political Theory, pages 1-8, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41296-017-0161-8)

planetary inequality nihilistic conflicts climate change racist movements issues central to human survival poses challenges to political practice engaging the world crafting theoretical tools to change it urgent need for human solidarity struggles are immediately practical writings avoid abstract musing arguments contain futures with possibility commitment to human politics , as radical critique of modernity rather than limited plotting of black identity inseparable from commitment to political imagination Blackness has the conscious desire for life engaged in creation and refusal to ‘ retreat from humanity to maintain justice planting seeds for the unexpected and even impossible share affirmation of freedom solidarity and interconnectedness


Question: Isaac Kamola

Humanism is reclaimable and resolves inequity

Kamola 17, Assistant Professor of political science at Trinity College, coeditor of Politics of African Anticolonial Archive and The Transnational Politics of Higher Education: Contesting the Global/Transforming the Local (Isaac Kamola, 10-5-2017, “A time for anticolonial theory,” Contemporary Political Theory, pages 1-8, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41296-017-0161-8)

planetary inequality nihilistic conflicts climate change racist movements issues central to human survival poses challenges to political practice engaging the world crafting theoretical tools to change it urgent need for human solidarity struggles are immediately practical writings avoid abstract musing arguments contain futures with possibility commitment to human politics , as radical critique of modernity rather than limited plotting of black identity inseparable from commitment to political imagination Blackness has the conscious desire for life engaged in creation and refusal to ‘ retreat from humanity to maintain justice planting seeds for the unexpected and even impossible share affirmation of freedom solidarity and interconnectedness


Question: Humanism is reclaimable

Humanism is reclaimable and resolves inequity

Kamola 17, Assistant Professor of political science at Trinity College, coeditor of Politics of African Anticolonial Archive and The Transnational Politics of Higher Education: Contesting the Global/Transforming the Local (Isaac Kamola, 10-5-2017, “A time for anticolonial theory,” Contemporary Political Theory, pages 1-8, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41296-017-0161-8)

planetary inequality nihilistic conflicts climate change racist movements issues central to human survival poses challenges to political practice engaging the world crafting theoretical tools to change it urgent need for human solidarity struggles are immediately practical writings avoid abstract musing arguments contain futures with possibility commitment to human politics , as radical critique of modernity rather than limited plotting of black identity inseparable from commitment to political imagination Blackness has the conscious desire for life engaged in creation and refusal to ‘ retreat from humanity to maintain justice planting seeds for the unexpected and even impossible share affirmation of freedom solidarity and interconnectedness


Question: humanism and solidarity

Humanism is reclaimable and resolves inequity

Kamola 17, Assistant Professor of political science at Trinity College, coeditor of Politics of African Anticolonial Archive and The Transnational Politics of Higher Education: Contesting the Global/Transforming the Local (Isaac Kamola, 10-5-2017, “A time for anticolonial theory,” Contemporary Political Theory, pages 1-8, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41296-017-0161-8)

planetary inequality nihilistic conflicts climate change racist movements issues central to human survival poses challenges to political practice engaging the world crafting theoretical tools to change it urgent need for human solidarity struggles are immediately practical writings avoid abstract musing arguments contain futures with possibility commitment to human politics , as radical critique of modernity rather than limited plotting of black identity inseparable from commitment to political imagination Blackness has the conscious desire for life engaged in creation and refusal to ‘ retreat from humanity to maintain justice planting seeds for the unexpected and even impossible share affirmation of freedom solidarity and interconnectedness


Question: anticolonial theory

Humanism is reclaimable and resolves inequity

Kamola 17, Assistant Professor of political science at Trinity College, coeditor of Politics of African Anticolonial Archive and The Transnational Politics of Higher Education: Contesting the Global/Transforming the Local (Isaac Kamola, 10-5-2017, “A time for anticolonial theory,” Contemporary Political Theory, pages 1-8, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41296-017-0161-8)

planetary inequality nihilistic conflicts climate change racist movements issues central to human survival poses challenges to political practice engaging the world crafting theoretical tools to change it urgent need for human solidarity struggles are immediately practical writings avoid abstract musing arguments contain futures with possibility commitment to human politics , as radical critique of modernity rather than limited plotting of black identity inseparable from commitment to political imagination Blackness has the conscious desire for life engaged in creation and refusal to ‘ retreat from humanity to maintain justice planting seeds for the unexpected and even impossible share affirmation of freedom solidarity and interconnectedness


Question: planting seeds for the unexpected

Humanism is reclaimable and resolves inequity

Kamola 17, Assistant Professor of political science at Trinity College, coeditor of Politics of African Anticolonial Archive and The Transnational Politics of Higher Education: Contesting the Global/Transforming the Local (Isaac Kamola, 10-5-2017, “A time for anticolonial theory,” Contemporary Political Theory, pages 1-8, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41296-017-0161-8)

planetary inequality nihilistic conflicts climate change racist movements issues central to human survival poses challenges to political practice engaging the world crafting theoretical tools to change it urgent need for human solidarity struggles are immediately practical writings avoid abstract musing arguments contain futures with possibility commitment to human politics , as radical critique of modernity rather than limited plotting of black identity inseparable from commitment to political imagination Blackness has the conscious desire for life engaged in creation and refusal to ‘ retreat from humanity to maintain justice planting seeds for the unexpected and even impossible share affirmation of freedom solidarity and interconnectedness


Question: Commodification of injury and suffering

We must refuse the commodification of injury and suffering. Instead of ignoring violence or suffering, we simply reject the representations that juxtaposition life against suffering - This allows for new forms of experience and sensuous life.

Abbas 10 (Asma, Professor and Division Head in Social Studies, Political Science, Philosophy at the Liebowitz Center for International Studies, “Liberalism and Human Suffering: Materialist Reflections on Politics, Ethics, and Aesthetics,” Palgrave Macmillion)kk

the invocation of  suffering is bound to shut up and line everyone else in submission suffering as cautionary tales  is beholden to the sub- lime political economy they inadvertently evacuate the political in favor of  ethical certitude The ethicization , is the death of the political.  the aesthetic will be unable to see the connection between suffering and representation One only has to consider to build to a different end how the judgments, among us cannot help but reject consolations that come from codified knowledges pertaining to suffering This may involve not giving lib- eral institutions the power to corner our pathos in a moment of ethical noblesse, by emphasizing suffering It is not that there are no sufferings  this is not a altruistic process it benefits those with the agency and position to act on another’s suffering.  politics can diverge from its reliance on certain frames in order to address the ubiquity of human tragedy and suffering.  liberalism’s colonization of suffering needs to be resisted and loosened.  Such an approach would factor in material experiences that risk obliteration even by many well-meaning victim-centered politics . It is time that we confront nau - seating exploitations and self-affirming decrepitude of liberal arbitrations of where suffering must live and where it must die these moralities keep themselves alive by invoking their choice exceptions If it is indeed the case that the world is so because the colonized have not stopped regurgitating, then the incipient fascisms  ought to make us wonder  liberalism is insufficient, and, at worst, it is complicit At stake is the possibility of newer forms of joy, desire, hope, and life itself.


Question: Abbas 10

We must refuse the commodification of injury and suffering. Instead of ignoring violence or suffering, we simply reject the representations that juxtaposition life against suffering - This allows for new forms of experience and sensuous life.

Abbas 10 (Asma, Professor and Division Head in Social Studies, Political Science, Philosophy at the Liebowitz Center for International Studies, “Liberalism and Human Suffering: Materialist Reflections on Politics, Ethics, and Aesthetics,” Palgrave Macmillion)kk

the invocation of  suffering is bound to shut up and line everyone else in submission suffering as cautionary tales  is beholden to the sub- lime political economy they inadvertently evacuate the political in favor of  ethical certitude The ethicization , is the death of the political.  the aesthetic will be unable to see the connection between suffering and representation One only has to consider to build to a different end how the judgments, among us cannot help but reject consolations that come from codified knowledges pertaining to suffering This may involve not giving lib- eral institutions the power to corner our pathos in a moment of ethical noblesse, by emphasizing suffering It is not that there are no sufferings  this is not a altruistic process it benefits those with the agency and position to act on another’s suffering.  politics can diverge from its reliance on certain frames in order to address the ubiquity of human tragedy and suffering.  liberalism’s colonization of suffering needs to be resisted and loosened.  Such an approach would factor in material experiences that risk obliteration even by many well-meaning victim-centered politics . It is time that we confront nau - seating exploitations and self-affirming decrepitude of liberal arbitrations of where suffering must live and where it must die these moralities keep themselves alive by invoking their choice exceptions If it is indeed the case that the world is so because the colonized have not stopped regurgitating, then the incipient fascisms  ought to make us wonder  liberalism is insufficient, and, at worst, it is complicit At stake is the possibility of newer forms of joy, desire, hope, and life itself.


Question: Asma Abbas

We must refuse the commodification of injury and suffering. Instead of ignoring violence or suffering, we simply reject the representations that juxtaposition life against suffering - This allows for new forms of experience and sensuous life.

Abbas 10 (Asma, Professor and Division Head in Social Studies, Political Science, Philosophy at the Liebowitz Center for International Studies, “Liberalism and Human Suffering: Materialist Reflections on Politics, Ethics, and Aesthetics,” Palgrave Macmillion)kk

the invocation of  suffering is bound to shut up and line everyone else in submission suffering as cautionary tales  is beholden to the sub- lime political economy they inadvertently evacuate the political in favor of  ethical certitude The ethicization , is the death of the political.  the aesthetic will be unable to see the connection between suffering and representation One only has to consider to build to a different end how the judgments, among us cannot help but reject consolations that come from codified knowledges pertaining to suffering This may involve not giving lib- eral institutions the power to corner our pathos in a moment of ethical noblesse, by emphasizing suffering It is not that there are no sufferings  this is not a altruistic process it benefits those with the agency and position to act on another’s suffering.  politics can diverge from its reliance on certain frames in order to address the ubiquity of human tragedy and suffering.  liberalism’s colonization of suffering needs to be resisted and loosened.  Such an approach would factor in material experiences that risk obliteration even by many well-meaning victim-centered politics . It is time that we confront nau - seating exploitations and self-affirming decrepitude of liberal arbitrations of where suffering must live and where it must die these moralities keep themselves alive by invoking their choice exceptions If it is indeed the case that the world is so because the colonized have not stopped regurgitating, then the incipient fascisms  ought to make us wonder  liberalism is insufficient, and, at worst, it is complicit At stake is the possibility of newer forms of joy, desire, hope, and life itself.


Question: reject representations juxtaposition life suffering

We must refuse the commodification of injury and suffering. Instead of ignoring violence or suffering, we simply reject the representations that juxtaposition life against suffering - This allows for new forms of experience and sensuous life.

Abbas 10 (Asma, Professor and Division Head in Social Studies, Political Science, Philosophy at the Liebowitz Center for International Studies, “Liberalism and Human Suffering: Materialist Reflections on Politics, Ethics, and Aesthetics,” Palgrave Macmillion)kk

the invocation of  suffering is bound to shut up and line everyone else in submission suffering as cautionary tales  is beholden to the sub- lime political economy they inadvertently evacuate the political in favor of  ethical certitude The ethicization , is the death of the political.  the aesthetic will be unable to see the connection between suffering and representation One only has to consider to build to a different end how the judgments, among us cannot help but reject consolations that come from codified knowledges pertaining to suffering This may involve not giving lib- eral institutions the power to corner our pathos in a moment of ethical noblesse, by emphasizing suffering It is not that there are no sufferings  this is not a altruistic process it benefits those with the agency and position to act on another’s suffering.  politics can diverge from its reliance on certain frames in order to address the ubiquity of human tragedy and suffering.  liberalism’s colonization of suffering needs to be resisted and loosened.  Such an approach would factor in material experiences that risk obliteration even by many well-meaning victim-centered politics . It is time that we confront nau - seating exploitations and self-affirming decrepitude of liberal arbitrations of where suffering must live and where it must die these moralities keep themselves alive by invoking their choice exceptions If it is indeed the case that the world is so because the colonized have not stopped regurgitating, then the incipient fascisms  ought to make us wonder  liberalism is insufficient, and, at worst, it is complicit At stake is the possibility of newer forms of joy, desire, hope, and life itself.


Question: liberalism colonization suffering resisted

We must refuse the commodification of injury and suffering. Instead of ignoring violence or suffering, we simply reject the representations that juxtaposition life against suffering - This allows for new forms of experience and sensuous life.

Abbas 10 (Asma, Professor and Division Head in Social Studies, Political Science, Philosophy at the Liebowitz Center for International Studies, “Liberalism and Human Suffering: Materialist Reflections on Politics, Ethics, and Aesthetics,” Palgrave Macmillion)kk

the invocation of  suffering is bound to shut up and line everyone else in submission suffering as cautionary tales  is beholden to the sub- lime political economy they inadvertently evacuate the political in favor of  ethical certitude The ethicization , is the death of the political.  the aesthetic will be unable to see the connection between suffering and representation One only has to consider to build to a different end how the judgments, among us cannot help but reject consolations that come from codified knowledges pertaining to suffering This may involve not giving lib- eral institutions the power to corner our pathos in a moment of ethical noblesse, by emphasizing suffering It is not that there are no sufferings  this is not a altruistic process it benefits those with the agency and position to act on another’s suffering.  politics can diverge from its reliance on certain frames in order to address the ubiquity of human tragedy and suffering.  liberalism’s colonization of suffering needs to be resisted and loosened.  Such an approach would factor in material experiences that risk obliteration even by many well-meaning victim-centered politics . It is time that we confront nau - seating exploitations and self-affirming decrepitude of liberal arbitrations of where suffering must live and where it must die these moralities keep themselves alive by invoking their choice exceptions If it is indeed the case that the world is so because the colonized have not stopped regurgitating, then the incipient fascisms  ought to make us wonder  liberalism is insufficient, and, at worst, it is complicit At stake is the possibility of newer forms of joy, desire, hope, and life itself.


Question: new forms experience sensuous life

We must refuse the commodification of injury and suffering. Instead of ignoring violence or suffering, we simply reject the representations that juxtaposition life against suffering - This allows for new forms of experience and sensuous life.

Abbas 10 (Asma, Professor and Division Head in Social Studies, Political Science, Philosophy at the Liebowitz Center for International Studies, “Liberalism and Human Suffering: Materialist Reflections on Politics, Ethics, and Aesthetics,” Palgrave Macmillion)kk

the invocation of  suffering is bound to shut up and line everyone else in submission suffering as cautionary tales  is beholden to the sub- lime political economy they inadvertently evacuate the political in favor of  ethical certitude The ethicization , is the death of the political.  the aesthetic will be unable to see the connection between suffering and representation One only has to consider to build to a different end how the judgments, among us cannot help but reject consolations that come from codified knowledges pertaining to suffering This may involve not giving lib- eral institutions the power to corner our pathos in a moment of ethical noblesse, by emphasizing suffering It is not that there are no sufferings  this is not a altruistic process it benefits those with the agency and position to act on another’s suffering.  politics can diverge from its reliance on certain frames in order to address the ubiquity of human tragedy and suffering.  liberalism’s colonization of suffering needs to be resisted and loosened.  Such an approach would factor in material experiences that risk obliteration even by many well-meaning victim-centered politics . It is time that we confront nau - seating exploitations and self-affirming decrepitude of liberal arbitrations of where suffering must live and where it must die these moralities keep themselves alive by invoking their choice exceptions If it is indeed the case that the world is so because the colonized have not stopped regurgitating, then the incipient fascisms  ought to make us wonder  liberalism is insufficient, and, at worst, it is complicit At stake is the possibility of newer forms of joy, desire, hope, and life itself.


Question: material experiences risk obliteration

We must refuse the commodification of injury and suffering. Instead of ignoring violence or suffering, we simply reject the representations that juxtaposition life against suffering - This allows for new forms of experience and sensuous life.

Abbas 10 (Asma, Professor and Division Head in Social Studies, Political Science, Philosophy at the Liebowitz Center for International Studies, “Liberalism and Human Suffering: Materialist Reflections on Politics, Ethics, and Aesthetics,” Palgrave Macmillion)kk

the invocation of  suffering is bound to shut up and line everyone else in submission suffering as cautionary tales  is beholden to the sub- lime political economy they inadvertently evacuate the political in favor of  ethical certitude The ethicization , is the death of the political.  the aesthetic will be unable to see the connection between suffering and representation One only has to consider to build to a different end how the judgments, among us cannot help but reject consolations that come from codified knowledges pertaining to suffering This may involve not giving lib- eral institutions the power to corner our pathos in a moment of ethical noblesse, by emphasizing suffering It is not that there are no sufferings  this is not a altruistic process it benefits those with the agency and position to act on another’s suffering.  politics can diverge from its reliance on certain frames in order to address the ubiquity of human tragedy and suffering.  liberalism’s colonization of suffering needs to be resisted and loosened.  Such an approach would factor in material experiences that risk obliteration even by many well-meaning victim-centered politics . It is time that we confront nau - seating exploitations and self-affirming decrepitude of liberal arbitrations of where suffering must live and where it must die these moralities keep themselves alive by invoking their choice exceptions If it is indeed the case that the world is so because the colonized have not stopped regurgitating, then the incipient fascisms  ought to make us wonder  liberalism is insufficient, and, at worst, it is complicit At stake is the possibility of newer forms of joy, desire, hope, and life itself.


Question: liberalism insufficient complicit

We must refuse the commodification of injury and suffering. Instead of ignoring violence or suffering, we simply reject the representations that juxtaposition life against suffering - This allows for new forms of experience and sensuous life.

Abbas 10 (Asma, Professor and Division Head in Social Studies, Political Science, Philosophy at the Liebowitz Center for International Studies, “Liberalism and Human Suffering: Materialist Reflections on Politics, Ethics, and Aesthetics,” Palgrave Macmillion)kk

the invocation of  suffering is bound to shut up and line everyone else in submission suffering as cautionary tales  is beholden to the sub- lime political economy they inadvertently evacuate the political in favor of  ethical certitude The ethicization , is the death of the political.  the aesthetic will be unable to see the connection between suffering and representation One only has to consider to build to a different end how the judgments, among us cannot help but reject consolations that come from codified knowledges pertaining to suffering This may involve not giving lib- eral institutions the power to corner our pathos in a moment of ethical noblesse, by emphasizing suffering It is not that there are no sufferings  this is not a altruistic process it benefits those with the agency and position to act on another’s suffering.  politics can diverge from its reliance on certain frames in order to address the ubiquity of human tragedy and suffering.  liberalism’s colonization of suffering needs to be resisted and loosened.  Such an approach would factor in material experiences that risk obliteration even by many well-meaning victim-centered politics . It is time that we confront nau - seating exploitations and self-affirming decrepitude of liberal arbitrations of where suffering must live and where it must die these moralities keep themselves alive by invoking their choice exceptions If it is indeed the case that the world is so because the colonized have not stopped regurgitating, then the incipient fascisms  ought to make us wonder  liberalism is insufficient, and, at worst, it is complicit At stake is the possibility of newer forms of joy, desire, hope, and life itself.


Question: WTO is not a trojan horse

WTO is not a Trojan Horse and is not spreading the “neoliberal Agenda”

James Bacchus 23 is known worldwide as a global jurist, activist, writer, scholar, and statesman. “The World Trade Organization: Myths versus Reality”. September 26th, 2023. https://www.cato.org/publications/world-trade-organization-myths-versus-reality#conclusion. DOA: 9-6-24 Rslish.

WTO multilateral means achieving freer trade WTO’s founding Agreement recognizes that trade should be conducted with a view to raising standards of living, hing in the WTO agreements that requires the implementation of a worldwide “neoliberal” agenda to eliminate gov regulations Critics talk much about need for “policy space reserved for domestic law fear that the WTO will overrule local regulations None of this is true O agreements are replete with provisions that assume there will be domestic health, safety, enviro , and other reg s allow more local policy spac


Question: WTO no neoliberal agenda

WTO is not a Trojan Horse and is not spreading the “neoliberal Agenda”

James Bacchus 23 is known worldwide as a global jurist, activist, writer, scholar, and statesman. “The World Trade Organization: Myths versus Reality”. September 26th, 2023. https://www.cato.org/publications/world-trade-organization-myths-versus-reality#conclusion. DOA: 9-6-24 Rslish.

WTO multilateral means achieving freer trade WTO’s founding Agreement recognizes that trade should be conducted with a view to raising standards of living, hing in the WTO agreements that requires the implementation of a worldwide “neoliberal” agenda to eliminate gov regulations Critics talk much about need for “policy space reserved for domestic law fear that the WTO will overrule local regulations None of this is true O agreements are replete with provisions that assume there will be domestic health, safety, enviro , and other reg s allow more local policy spac