Question: Ryan Wiser 16

RPS is net-pollution reducing.

Ryan Wiser et al. 16. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. With Galen Barbose, Jenny Heeter, Trieu Mai, Lori Bird, Mark Bolinger, Alberta Carpenter, Garvin Heath, David Keyser, Jordan Macknick, Andrew Mills, and Dev Millstein. A Retrospective Analysis of the Benefits and Impacts of U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2016, NREL/TP-6A20-65005. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65005.pdf. Accessed 3 August 2024

RPS reduced emissions of SO2 NOx and PM2.5 to 2% of corresponding power emissions reductions are concentrated in the most aggressive standards states with biomass serving compliance had small increases emission increases do not lead to increases in total pollutant or health damages reductions in other emissions counteract emissions reductions improved air and health outcom benefits are net of emissions from biomass health benefits are dominated by SO2 reductions


Question: renewable portfolio standards reduce emissions

RPS is net-pollution reducing.

Ryan Wiser et al. 16. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. With Galen Barbose, Jenny Heeter, Trieu Mai, Lori Bird, Mark Bolinger, Alberta Carpenter, Garvin Heath, David Keyser, Jordan Macknick, Andrew Mills, and Dev Millstein. A Retrospective Analysis of the Benefits and Impacts of U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2016, NREL/TP-6A20-65005. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65005.pdf. Accessed 3 August 2024

RPS reduced emissions of SO2 NOx and PM2.5 to 2% of corresponding power emissions reductions are concentrated in the most aggressive standards states with biomass serving compliance had small increases emission increases do not lead to increases in total pollutant or health damages reductions in other emissions counteract emissions reductions improved air and health outcom benefits are net of emissions from biomass health benefits are dominated by SO2 reductions


Question: RPS reduces emissions

RPS is net-pollution reducing.

Ryan Wiser et al. 16. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. With Galen Barbose, Jenny Heeter, Trieu Mai, Lori Bird, Mark Bolinger, Alberta Carpenter, Garvin Heath, David Keyser, Jordan Macknick, Andrew Mills, and Dev Millstein. A Retrospective Analysis of the Benefits and Impacts of U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2016, NREL/TP-6A20-65005. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65005.pdf. Accessed 3 August 2024

RPS reduced emissions of SO2 NOx and PM2.5 to 2% of corresponding power emissions reductions are concentrated in the most aggressive standards states with biomass serving compliance had small increases emission increases do not lead to increases in total pollutant or health damages reductions in other emissions counteract emissions reductions improved air and health outcom benefits are net of emissions from biomass health benefits are dominated by SO2 reductions


Question: health benefits of RPS

RPS is net-pollution reducing.

Ryan Wiser et al. 16. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. With Galen Barbose, Jenny Heeter, Trieu Mai, Lori Bird, Mark Bolinger, Alberta Carpenter, Garvin Heath, David Keyser, Jordan Macknick, Andrew Mills, and Dev Millstein. A Retrospective Analysis of the Benefits and Impacts of U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2016, NREL/TP-6A20-65005. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65005.pdf. Accessed 3 August 2024

RPS reduced emissions of SO2 NOx and PM2.5 to 2% of corresponding power emissions reductions are concentrated in the most aggressive standards states with biomass serving compliance had small increases emission increases do not lead to increases in total pollutant or health damages reductions in other emissions counteract emissions reductions improved air and health outcom benefits are net of emissions from biomass health benefits are dominated by SO2 reductions


Question: air quality RPS

RPS is net-pollution reducing.

Ryan Wiser et al. 16. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. With Galen Barbose, Jenny Heeter, Trieu Mai, Lori Bird, Mark Bolinger, Alberta Carpenter, Garvin Heath, David Keyser, Jordan Macknick, Andrew Mills, and Dev Millstein. A Retrospective Analysis of the Benefits and Impacts of U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2016, NREL/TP-6A20-65005. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65005.pdf. Accessed 3 August 2024

RPS reduced emissions of SO2 NOx and PM2.5 to 2% of corresponding power emissions reductions are concentrated in the most aggressive standards states with biomass serving compliance had small increases emission increases do not lead to increases in total pollutant or health damages reductions in other emissions counteract emissions reductions improved air and health outcom benefits are net of emissions from biomass health benefits are dominated by SO2 reductions


Question: RPS net pollution

RPS is net-pollution reducing.

Ryan Wiser et al. 16. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. With Galen Barbose, Jenny Heeter, Trieu Mai, Lori Bird, Mark Bolinger, Alberta Carpenter, Garvin Heath, David Keyser, Jordan Macknick, Andrew Mills, and Dev Millstein. A Retrospective Analysis of the Benefits and Impacts of U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2016, NREL/TP-6A20-65005. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65005.pdf. Accessed 3 August 2024

RPS reduced emissions of SO2 NOx and PM2.5 to 2% of corresponding power emissions reductions are concentrated in the most aggressive standards states with biomass serving compliance had small increases emission increases do not lead to increases in total pollutant or health damages reductions in other emissions counteract emissions reductions improved air and health outcom benefits are net of emissions from biomass health benefits are dominated by SO2 reductions


Question: benefits of RPS

RPS is net-pollution reducing.

Ryan Wiser et al. 16. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. With Galen Barbose, Jenny Heeter, Trieu Mai, Lori Bird, Mark Bolinger, Alberta Carpenter, Garvin Heath, David Keyser, Jordan Macknick, Andrew Mills, and Dev Millstein. A Retrospective Analysis of the Benefits and Impacts of U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2016, NREL/TP-6A20-65005. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65005.pdf. Accessed 3 August 2024

RPS reduced emissions of SO2 NOx and PM2.5 to 2% of corresponding power emissions reductions are concentrated in the most aggressive standards states with biomass serving compliance had small increases emission increases do not lead to increases in total pollutant or health damages reductions in other emissions counteract emissions reductions improved air and health outcom benefits are net of emissions from biomass health benefits are dominated by SO2 reductions


Question: litigation swells backlogs in biotech sector

Litigation swells backlogs in the biotech sector, disrupting innovation that stops existential collapse.

Raidt ’14 [John; 2014; Vice President and Jones Group International Scholar, Senior Fellow at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, M.A. in Public Administration from the Harvard University Kennedy School of Government; U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, “Patents and Biotechnology,” p. 1-69]

Breakthroughs treat diseases meet major challenges involving food energy and environment achievements hinge on innovation biotech Competitiveness China is investing annual growth at 20% The next leap forward is medicine genetic s could stop health costs in tracks The industry factor in achieving energy , water , and food security tech may be the only way to meet demand In energy employed to biofuel “advances in sciences contribute innovative solutions to global challenges the “ biggest challenge is to address backlog while maintaining quality .” insufficient notice is a burden improper decisions foster resource-sapping litigation at the expense of r and d another problem costly lawsuit abuse The targets are startups lawsuits take years and time and money otherwise devoted to innovation


Question: Raidt '14

Litigation swells backlogs in the biotech sector, disrupting innovation that stops existential collapse.

Raidt ’14 [John; 2014; Vice President and Jones Group International Scholar, Senior Fellow at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, M.A. in Public Administration from the Harvard University Kennedy School of Government; U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, “Patents and Biotechnology,” p. 1-69]

Breakthroughs treat diseases meet major challenges involving food energy and environment achievements hinge on innovation biotech Competitiveness China is investing annual growth at 20% The next leap forward is medicine genetic s could stop health costs in tracks The industry factor in achieving energy , water , and food security tech may be the only way to meet demand In energy employed to biofuel “advances in sciences contribute innovative solutions to global challenges the “ biggest challenge is to address backlog while maintaining quality .” insufficient notice is a burden improper decisions foster resource-sapping litigation at the expense of r and d another problem costly lawsuit abuse The targets are startups lawsuits take years and time and money otherwise devoted to innovation


Question: John Raidt

Litigation swells backlogs in the biotech sector, disrupting innovation that stops existential collapse.

Raidt ’14 [John; 2014; Vice President and Jones Group International Scholar, Senior Fellow at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, M.A. in Public Administration from the Harvard University Kennedy School of Government; U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, “Patents and Biotechnology,” p. 1-69]

Breakthroughs treat diseases meet major challenges involving food energy and environment achievements hinge on innovation biotech Competitiveness China is investing annual growth at 20% The next leap forward is medicine genetic s could stop health costs in tracks The industry factor in achieving energy , water , and food security tech may be the only way to meet demand In energy employed to biofuel “advances in sciences contribute innovative solutions to global challenges the “ biggest challenge is to address backlog while maintaining quality .” insufficient notice is a burden improper decisions foster resource-sapping litigation at the expense of r and d another problem costly lawsuit abuse The targets are startups lawsuits take years and time and money otherwise devoted to innovation


Question: biotech lawsuits bad

Litigation swells backlogs in the biotech sector, disrupting innovation that stops existential collapse.

Raidt ’14 [John; 2014; Vice President and Jones Group International Scholar, Senior Fellow at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, M.A. in Public Administration from the Harvard University Kennedy School of Government; U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, “Patents and Biotechnology,” p. 1-69]

Breakthroughs treat diseases meet major challenges involving food energy and environment achievements hinge on innovation biotech Competitiveness China is investing annual growth at 20% The next leap forward is medicine genetic s could stop health costs in tracks The industry factor in achieving energy , water , and food security tech may be the only way to meet demand In energy employed to biofuel “advances in sciences contribute innovative solutions to global challenges the “ biggest challenge is to address backlog while maintaining quality .” insufficient notice is a burden improper decisions foster resource-sapping litigation at the expense of r and d another problem costly lawsuit abuse The targets are startups lawsuits take years and time and money otherwise devoted to innovation


Question: biotech innovation stops existential collapse

Litigation swells backlogs in the biotech sector, disrupting innovation that stops existential collapse.

Raidt ’14 [John; 2014; Vice President and Jones Group International Scholar, Senior Fellow at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, M.A. in Public Administration from the Harvard University Kennedy School of Government; U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, “Patents and Biotechnology,” p. 1-69]

Breakthroughs treat diseases meet major challenges involving food energy and environment achievements hinge on innovation biotech Competitiveness China is investing annual growth at 20% The next leap forward is medicine genetic s could stop health costs in tracks The industry factor in achieving energy , water , and food security tech may be the only way to meet demand In energy employed to biofuel “advances in sciences contribute innovative solutions to global challenges the “ biggest challenge is to address backlog while maintaining quality .” insufficient notice is a burden improper decisions foster resource-sapping litigation at the expense of r and d another problem costly lawsuit abuse The targets are startups lawsuits take years and time and money otherwise devoted to innovation


Question: lawsuits hurt biotech innovation

Litigation swells backlogs in the biotech sector, disrupting innovation that stops existential collapse.

Raidt ’14 [John; 2014; Vice President and Jones Group International Scholar, Senior Fellow at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, M.A. in Public Administration from the Harvard University Kennedy School of Government; U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, “Patents and Biotechnology,” p. 1-69]

Breakthroughs treat diseases meet major challenges involving food energy and environment achievements hinge on innovation biotech Competitiveness China is investing annual growth at 20% The next leap forward is medicine genetic s could stop health costs in tracks The industry factor in achieving energy , water , and food security tech may be the only way to meet demand In energy employed to biofuel “advances in sciences contribute innovative solutions to global challenges the “ biggest challenge is to address backlog while maintaining quality .” insufficient notice is a burden improper decisions foster resource-sapping litigation at the expense of r and d another problem costly lawsuit abuse The targets are startups lawsuits take years and time and money otherwise devoted to innovation


Question: biotech competitiveness china

Litigation swells backlogs in the biotech sector, disrupting innovation that stops existential collapse.

Raidt ’14 [John; 2014; Vice President and Jones Group International Scholar, Senior Fellow at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, M.A. in Public Administration from the Harvard University Kennedy School of Government; U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, “Patents and Biotechnology,” p. 1-69]

Breakthroughs treat diseases meet major challenges involving food energy and environment achievements hinge on innovation biotech Competitiveness China is investing annual growth at 20% The next leap forward is medicine genetic s could stop health costs in tracks The industry factor in achieving energy , water , and food security tech may be the only way to meet demand In energy employed to biofuel “advances in sciences contribute innovative solutions to global challenges the “ biggest challenge is to address backlog while maintaining quality .” insufficient notice is a burden improper decisions foster resource-sapping litigation at the expense of r and d another problem costly lawsuit abuse The targets are startups lawsuits take years and time and money otherwise devoted to innovation


Question: No China war

No China war.

von Sydow 24, a China analyst at Swedish National China Centre. (Alexis, 2-23-2024, “Most Experts Agree: China Isn’t About to Invade Taiwan,” The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2024/02/most-experts-agree-china-isnt-about-to-invade-taiwan/)

Alarmist overestimate risk of war China cannot be confident to win a war Beijing sees Taiwan as part of U.S. s o i and knows attack is a attack on U.S. rivalry is kept within limits , China has little interest in provoking conflict other things matter Taiwan’s role in semiconductor would c ost trillions economic warfare would result estimates conclude consequences would hit China harder mix of deterrence, together  with a managed relationship effectively prevent conflict the world remained equally peaceful while the U S cut forces throughout the 90s spending have been unrelated to stability Africa is peaceful something for which heg cannot take credit Stability exists in many places to which heg does not extend . The egocentric bias suggests U.S. policymakers overestimat their own importance None of the contributing factors interdependence , nuc s institutions democracy norms seem poised to disappear The world will continue its peaceful ways no matter what


Question: von Sydow 24

No China war.

von Sydow 24, a China analyst at Swedish National China Centre. (Alexis, 2-23-2024, “Most Experts Agree: China Isn’t About to Invade Taiwan,” The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2024/02/most-experts-agree-china-isnt-about-to-invade-taiwan/)

Alarmist overestimate risk of war China cannot be confident to win a war Beijing sees Taiwan as part of U.S. s o i and knows attack is a attack on U.S. rivalry is kept within limits , China has little interest in provoking conflict other things matter Taiwan’s role in semiconductor would c ost trillions economic warfare would result estimates conclude consequences would hit China harder mix of deterrence, together  with a managed relationship effectively prevent conflict the world remained equally peaceful while the U S cut forces throughout the 90s spending have been unrelated to stability Africa is peaceful something for which heg cannot take credit Stability exists in many places to which heg does not extend . The egocentric bias suggests U.S. policymakers overestimat their own importance None of the contributing factors interdependence , nuc s institutions democracy norms seem poised to disappear The world will continue its peaceful ways no matter what


Question: China Taiwan invasion

No China war.

von Sydow 24, a China analyst at Swedish National China Centre. (Alexis, 2-23-2024, “Most Experts Agree: China Isn’t About to Invade Taiwan,” The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2024/02/most-experts-agree-china-isnt-about-to-invade-taiwan/)

Alarmist overestimate risk of war China cannot be confident to win a war Beijing sees Taiwan as part of U.S. s o i and knows attack is a attack on U.S. rivalry is kept within limits , China has little interest in provoking conflict other things matter Taiwan’s role in semiconductor would c ost trillions economic warfare would result estimates conclude consequences would hit China harder mix of deterrence, together  with a managed relationship effectively prevent conflict the world remained equally peaceful while the U S cut forces throughout the 90s spending have been unrelated to stability Africa is peaceful something for which heg cannot take credit Stability exists in many places to which heg does not extend . The egocentric bias suggests U.S. policymakers overestimat their own importance None of the contributing factors interdependence , nuc s institutions democracy norms seem poised to disappear The world will continue its peaceful ways no matter what


Question: China will not invade

No China war.

von Sydow 24, a China analyst at Swedish National China Centre. (Alexis, 2-23-2024, “Most Experts Agree: China Isn’t About to Invade Taiwan,” The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2024/02/most-experts-agree-china-isnt-about-to-invade-taiwan/)

Alarmist overestimate risk of war China cannot be confident to win a war Beijing sees Taiwan as part of U.S. s o i and knows attack is a attack on U.S. rivalry is kept within limits , China has little interest in provoking conflict other things matter Taiwan’s role in semiconductor would c ost trillions economic warfare would result estimates conclude consequences would hit China harder mix of deterrence, together  with a managed relationship effectively prevent conflict the world remained equally peaceful while the U S cut forces throughout the 90s spending have been unrelated to stability Africa is peaceful something for which heg cannot take credit Stability exists in many places to which heg does not extend . The egocentric bias suggests U.S. policymakers overestimat their own importance None of the contributing factors interdependence , nuc s institutions democracy norms seem poised to disappear The world will continue its peaceful ways no matter what


Question: Alarmist overestimate risk China war

No China war.

von Sydow 24, a China analyst at Swedish National China Centre. (Alexis, 2-23-2024, “Most Experts Agree: China Isn’t About to Invade Taiwan,” The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2024/02/most-experts-agree-china-isnt-about-to-invade-taiwan/)

Alarmist overestimate risk of war China cannot be confident to win a war Beijing sees Taiwan as part of U.S. s o i and knows attack is a attack on U.S. rivalry is kept within limits , China has little interest in provoking conflict other things matter Taiwan’s role in semiconductor would c ost trillions economic warfare would result estimates conclude consequences would hit China harder mix of deterrence, together  with a managed relationship effectively prevent conflict the world remained equally peaceful while the U S cut forces throughout the 90s spending have been unrelated to stability Africa is peaceful something for which heg cannot take credit Stability exists in many places to which heg does not extend . The egocentric bias suggests U.S. policymakers overestimat their own importance None of the contributing factors interdependence , nuc s institutions democracy norms seem poised to disappear The world will continue its peaceful ways no matter what


Question: China sees Taiwan as part of U.S.

No China war.

von Sydow 24, a China analyst at Swedish National China Centre. (Alexis, 2-23-2024, “Most Experts Agree: China Isn’t About to Invade Taiwan,” The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2024/02/most-experts-agree-china-isnt-about-to-invade-taiwan/)

Alarmist overestimate risk of war China cannot be confident to win a war Beijing sees Taiwan as part of U.S. s o i and knows attack is a attack on U.S. rivalry is kept within limits , China has little interest in provoking conflict other things matter Taiwan’s role in semiconductor would c ost trillions economic warfare would result estimates conclude consequences would hit China harder mix of deterrence, together  with a managed relationship effectively prevent conflict the world remained equally peaceful while the U S cut forces throughout the 90s spending have been unrelated to stability Africa is peaceful something for which heg cannot take credit Stability exists in many places to which heg does not extend . The egocentric bias suggests U.S. policymakers overestimat their own importance None of the contributing factors interdependence , nuc s institutions democracy norms seem poised to disappear The world will continue its peaceful ways no matter what


Question: deterrence prevents conflict

No China war.

von Sydow 24, a China analyst at Swedish National China Centre. (Alexis, 2-23-2024, “Most Experts Agree: China Isn’t About to Invade Taiwan,” The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2024/02/most-experts-agree-china-isnt-about-to-invade-taiwan/)

Alarmist overestimate risk of war China cannot be confident to win a war Beijing sees Taiwan as part of U.S. s o i and knows attack is a attack on U.S. rivalry is kept within limits , China has little interest in provoking conflict other things matter Taiwan’s role in semiconductor would c ost trillions economic warfare would result estimates conclude consequences would hit China harder mix of deterrence, together  with a managed relationship effectively prevent conflict the world remained equally peaceful while the U S cut forces throughout the 90s spending have been unrelated to stability Africa is peaceful something for which heg cannot take credit Stability exists in many places to which heg does not extend . The egocentric bias suggests U.S. policymakers overestimat their own importance None of the contributing factors interdependence , nuc s institutions democracy norms seem poised to disappear The world will continue its peaceful ways no matter what


Question: China no interest in provoking conflict

No China war.

von Sydow 24, a China analyst at Swedish National China Centre. (Alexis, 2-23-2024, “Most Experts Agree: China Isn’t About to Invade Taiwan,” The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2024/02/most-experts-agree-china-isnt-about-to-invade-taiwan/)

Alarmist overestimate risk of war China cannot be confident to win a war Beijing sees Taiwan as part of U.S. s o i and knows attack is a attack on U.S. rivalry is kept within limits , China has little interest in provoking conflict other things matter Taiwan’s role in semiconductor would c ost trillions economic warfare would result estimates conclude consequences would hit China harder mix of deterrence, together  with a managed relationship effectively prevent conflict the world remained equally peaceful while the U S cut forces throughout the 90s spending have been unrelated to stability Africa is peaceful something for which heg cannot take credit Stability exists in many places to which heg does not extend . The egocentric bias suggests U.S. policymakers overestimat their own importance None of the contributing factors interdependence , nuc s institutions democracy norms seem poised to disappear The world will continue its peaceful ways no matter what


Question: demand is inelastic

1) Demand is inelastic, so consumers won’t shift.

Leah C. Stokes & Matto Mildenberger 20, Stokes is an assistant professor at the University of California Santa Barbara, the author of Short-Circuiting Policy, Mildenberger is an assistant professor at the University of California Santa Barbara, “The Trouble with Carbon Pricing”, Boston Review, 9-24-20, https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/trouble-carbon-pricing/

Norway , which has the highest carbon prices emissions in oil rose 78 percent because of demand inelasticity if no easy alternatives high taxes won’t reduce pollution research suggests limited innovation we lack strong ev carbon pricing induced clean tech corporations will not innovate because of minor tweaks EU reduced emissions by 4 percent reductions are nothing compared to what needs to be done pricing is like bringing a stick to a knife fight


Question: Stokes and Mildenberger

1) Demand is inelastic, so consumers won’t shift.

Leah C. Stokes & Matto Mildenberger 20, Stokes is an assistant professor at the University of California Santa Barbara, the author of Short-Circuiting Policy, Mildenberger is an assistant professor at the University of California Santa Barbara, “The Trouble with Carbon Pricing”, Boston Review, 9-24-20, https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/trouble-carbon-pricing/

Norway , which has the highest carbon prices emissions in oil rose 78 percent because of demand inelasticity if no easy alternatives high taxes won’t reduce pollution research suggests limited innovation we lack strong ev carbon pricing induced clean tech corporations will not innovate because of minor tweaks EU reduced emissions by 4 percent reductions are nothing compared to what needs to be done pricing is like bringing a stick to a knife fight


Question: carbon pricing bad

1) Demand is inelastic, so consumers won’t shift.

Leah C. Stokes & Matto Mildenberger 20, Stokes is an assistant professor at the University of California Santa Barbara, the author of Short-Circuiting Policy, Mildenberger is an assistant professor at the University of California Santa Barbara, “The Trouble with Carbon Pricing”, Boston Review, 9-24-20, https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/trouble-carbon-pricing/

Norway , which has the highest carbon prices emissions in oil rose 78 percent because of demand inelasticity if no easy alternatives high taxes won’t reduce pollution research suggests limited innovation we lack strong ev carbon pricing induced clean tech corporations will not innovate because of minor tweaks EU reduced emissions by 4 percent reductions are nothing compared to what needs to be done pricing is like bringing a stick to a knife fight


Question: demand inelasticity

1) Demand is inelastic, so consumers won’t shift.

Leah C. Stokes & Matto Mildenberger 20, Stokes is an assistant professor at the University of California Santa Barbara, the author of Short-Circuiting Policy, Mildenberger is an assistant professor at the University of California Santa Barbara, “The Trouble with Carbon Pricing”, Boston Review, 9-24-20, https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/trouble-carbon-pricing/

Norway , which has the highest carbon prices emissions in oil rose 78 percent because of demand inelasticity if no easy alternatives high taxes won’t reduce pollution research suggests limited innovation we lack strong ev carbon pricing induced clean tech corporations will not innovate because of minor tweaks EU reduced emissions by 4 percent reductions are nothing compared to what needs to be done pricing is like bringing a stick to a knife fight


Question: carbon prices emissions rose

1) Demand is inelastic, so consumers won’t shift.

Leah C. Stokes & Matto Mildenberger 20, Stokes is an assistant professor at the University of California Santa Barbara, the author of Short-Circuiting Policy, Mildenberger is an assistant professor at the University of California Santa Barbara, “The Trouble with Carbon Pricing”, Boston Review, 9-24-20, https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/trouble-carbon-pricing/

Norway , which has the highest carbon prices emissions in oil rose 78 percent because of demand inelasticity if no easy alternatives high taxes won’t reduce pollution research suggests limited innovation we lack strong ev carbon pricing induced clean tech corporations will not innovate because of minor tweaks EU reduced emissions by 4 percent reductions are nothing compared to what needs to be done pricing is like bringing a stick to a knife fight


Question: no alternatives to carbon

1) Demand is inelastic, so consumers won’t shift.

Leah C. Stokes & Matto Mildenberger 20, Stokes is an assistant professor at the University of California Santa Barbara, the author of Short-Circuiting Policy, Mildenberger is an assistant professor at the University of California Santa Barbara, “The Trouble with Carbon Pricing”, Boston Review, 9-24-20, https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/trouble-carbon-pricing/

Norway , which has the highest carbon prices emissions in oil rose 78 percent because of demand inelasticity if no easy alternatives high taxes won’t reduce pollution research suggests limited innovation we lack strong ev carbon pricing induced clean tech corporations will not innovate because of minor tweaks EU reduced emissions by 4 percent reductions are nothing compared to what needs to be done pricing is like bringing a stick to a knife fight


Question: high taxes won't reduce pollution

1) Demand is inelastic, so consumers won’t shift.

Leah C. Stokes & Matto Mildenberger 20, Stokes is an assistant professor at the University of California Santa Barbara, the author of Short-Circuiting Policy, Mildenberger is an assistant professor at the University of California Santa Barbara, “The Trouble with Carbon Pricing”, Boston Review, 9-24-20, https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/trouble-carbon-pricing/

Norway , which has the highest carbon prices emissions in oil rose 78 percent because of demand inelasticity if no easy alternatives high taxes won’t reduce pollution research suggests limited innovation we lack strong ev carbon pricing induced clean tech corporations will not innovate because of minor tweaks EU reduced emissions by 4 percent reductions are nothing compared to what needs to be done pricing is like bringing a stick to a knife fight


Question: Relations cooked

Relations cooked. Reject their snapshots.

Grossman 24, senior defense analyst at RAND, adjunct professor at the University of Southern California (Derek Grossman, April 7, 2024, “U.S.-India Ties Remain Fundamentally Fragile,” RAND, https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/04/us-india-ties-remain-fundamentally-fragile.html)

India benefited from Russian oil Since Ukraine, New Delhi contravention of U.S. sanctions Thus far, Washington looked the other way however Biden changed its tune Biden sought to widen partnership with Pakistan India worries U S could be an unreliable partner


Question: Grossman RAND

Relations cooked. Reject their snapshots.

Grossman 24, senior defense analyst at RAND, adjunct professor at the University of Southern California (Derek Grossman, April 7, 2024, “U.S.-India Ties Remain Fundamentally Fragile,” RAND, https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/04/us-india-ties-remain-fundamentally-fragile.html)

India benefited from Russian oil Since Ukraine, New Delhi contravention of U.S. sanctions Thus far, Washington looked the other way however Biden changed its tune Biden sought to widen partnership with Pakistan India worries U S could be an unreliable partner


Question: India Russian oil

Relations cooked. Reject their snapshots.

Grossman 24, senior defense analyst at RAND, adjunct professor at the University of Southern California (Derek Grossman, April 7, 2024, “U.S.-India Ties Remain Fundamentally Fragile,” RAND, https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/04/us-india-ties-remain-fundamentally-fragile.html)

India benefited from Russian oil Since Ukraine, New Delhi contravention of U.S. sanctions Thus far, Washington looked the other way however Biden changed its tune Biden sought to widen partnership with Pakistan India worries U S could be an unreliable partner


Question: US India ties fragile

Relations cooked. Reject their snapshots.

Grossman 24, senior defense analyst at RAND, adjunct professor at the University of Southern California (Derek Grossman, April 7, 2024, “U.S.-India Ties Remain Fundamentally Fragile,” RAND, https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/04/us-india-ties-remain-fundamentally-fragile.html)

India benefited from Russian oil Since Ukraine, New Delhi contravention of U.S. sanctions Thus far, Washington looked the other way however Biden changed its tune Biden sought to widen partnership with Pakistan India worries U S could be an unreliable partner


Question: India benefits from Russian oil

Relations cooked. Reject their snapshots.

Grossman 24, senior defense analyst at RAND, adjunct professor at the University of Southern California (Derek Grossman, April 7, 2024, “U.S.-India Ties Remain Fundamentally Fragile,” RAND, https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/04/us-india-ties-remain-fundamentally-fragile.html)

India benefited from Russian oil Since Ukraine, New Delhi contravention of U.S. sanctions Thus far, Washington looked the other way however Biden changed its tune Biden sought to widen partnership with Pakistan India worries U S could be an unreliable partner


Question: Biden partnership with Pakistan

Relations cooked. Reject their snapshots.

Grossman 24, senior defense analyst at RAND, adjunct professor at the University of Southern California (Derek Grossman, April 7, 2024, “U.S.-India Ties Remain Fundamentally Fragile,” RAND, https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/04/us-india-ties-remain-fundamentally-fragile.html)

India benefited from Russian oil Since Ukraine, New Delhi contravention of U.S. sanctions Thus far, Washington looked the other way however Biden changed its tune Biden sought to widen partnership with Pakistan India worries U S could be an unreliable partner


Question: CBAM modeling nonstarter

That makes modelling a nonstarter, guarantees zero follow-on from China and South Africa too, AND turns trade.

Manoj Kumar & Nikunj Ohri 24. Senior Economics Correspondent. Reporters, economic specialist. "India sees EU carbon tax proposal as unfair and not acceptable, official says." Reuters. 7/29/2024.  reuters.com/world/india/india-sees-eu-carbon-tax-proposal-unfair-not-acceptable-official-says-2024-07-29/

India has declined a CBAM is not practical doesn't work for India New Delhi label the CBAM as unfair China , South Africa and India opposed with income s one-twentieth of Europe, can we afford a higher price? No deadlock could strain trade and affect a FTA


Question: Kumar & Ohri 24

That makes modelling a nonstarter, guarantees zero follow-on from China and South Africa too, AND turns trade.

Manoj Kumar & Nikunj Ohri 24. Senior Economics Correspondent. Reporters, economic specialist. "India sees EU carbon tax proposal as unfair and not acceptable, official says." Reuters. 7/29/2024.  reuters.com/world/india/india-sees-eu-carbon-tax-proposal-unfair-not-acceptable-official-says-2024-07-29/

India has declined a CBAM is not practical doesn't work for India New Delhi label the CBAM as unfair China , South Africa and India opposed with income s one-twentieth of Europe, can we afford a higher price? No deadlock could strain trade and affect a FTA


Question: india cbam unfair

That makes modelling a nonstarter, guarantees zero follow-on from China and South Africa too, AND turns trade.

Manoj Kumar & Nikunj Ohri 24. Senior Economics Correspondent. Reporters, economic specialist. "India sees EU carbon tax proposal as unfair and not acceptable, official says." Reuters. 7/29/2024.  reuters.com/world/india/india-sees-eu-carbon-tax-proposal-unfair-not-acceptable-official-says-2024-07-29/

India has declined a CBAM is not practical doesn't work for India New Delhi label the CBAM as unfair China , South Africa and India opposed with income s one-twentieth of Europe, can we afford a higher price? No deadlock could strain trade and affect a FTA


Question: India sees EU carbon tax

That makes modelling a nonstarter, guarantees zero follow-on from China and South Africa too, AND turns trade.

Manoj Kumar & Nikunj Ohri 24. Senior Economics Correspondent. Reporters, economic specialist. "India sees EU carbon tax proposal as unfair and not acceptable, official says." Reuters. 7/29/2024.  reuters.com/world/india/india-sees-eu-carbon-tax-proposal-unfair-not-acceptable-official-says-2024-07-29/

India has declined a CBAM is not practical doesn't work for India New Delhi label the CBAM as unfair China , South Africa and India opposed with income s one-twentieth of Europe, can we afford a higher price? No deadlock could strain trade and affect a FTA


Question: cbam strains trade

That makes modelling a nonstarter, guarantees zero follow-on from China and South Africa too, AND turns trade.

Manoj Kumar & Nikunj Ohri 24. Senior Economics Correspondent. Reporters, economic specialist. "India sees EU carbon tax proposal as unfair and not acceptable, official says." Reuters. 7/29/2024.  reuters.com/world/india/india-sees-eu-carbon-tax-proposal-unfair-not-acceptable-official-says-2024-07-29/

India has declined a CBAM is not practical doesn't work for India New Delhi label the CBAM as unfair China , South Africa and India opposed with income s one-twentieth of Europe, can we afford a higher price? No deadlock could strain trade and affect a FTA


Question: no follow-on from China

That makes modelling a nonstarter, guarantees zero follow-on from China and South Africa too, AND turns trade.

Manoj Kumar & Nikunj Ohri 24. Senior Economics Correspondent. Reporters, economic specialist. "India sees EU carbon tax proposal as unfair and not acceptable, official says." Reuters. 7/29/2024.  reuters.com/world/india/india-sees-eu-carbon-tax-proposal-unfair-not-acceptable-official-says-2024-07-29/

India has declined a CBAM is not practical doesn't work for India New Delhi label the CBAM as unfair China , South Africa and India opposed with income s one-twentieth of Europe, can we afford a higher price? No deadlock could strain trade and affect a FTA


Question: CBAM not practical

That makes modelling a nonstarter, guarantees zero follow-on from China and South Africa too, AND turns trade.

Manoj Kumar & Nikunj Ohri 24. Senior Economics Correspondent. Reporters, economic specialist. "India sees EU carbon tax proposal as unfair and not acceptable, official says." Reuters. 7/29/2024.  reuters.com/world/india/india-sees-eu-carbon-tax-proposal-unfair-not-acceptable-official-says-2024-07-29/

India has declined a CBAM is not practical doesn't work for India New Delhi label the CBAM as unfair China , South Africa and India opposed with income s one-twentieth of Europe, can we afford a higher price? No deadlock could strain trade and affect a FTA


Question: Fight they'd rather not have

It’s a fight they’d rather not have – it’s counterproductive to their overall strategy to bash a popular industry

Grunwald 19 [Michael Grunwald is a senior staff writer for Politico Magazine. 3-5-2019 https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/03/05/2020-democrats-ethanol-225517/]

It’s a  delicate line the Green New Deal did not roll back support ethanol is politically awkward trying to force Dem s to bash a popular industry could be a counterproductive distraction  from bigger battles The tendency will be try to avoid that conversation  unless you absolutely have to


Question: Grunwald 19

It’s a fight they’d rather not have – it’s counterproductive to their overall strategy to bash a popular industry

Grunwald 19 [Michael Grunwald is a senior staff writer for Politico Magazine. 3-5-2019 https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/03/05/2020-democrats-ethanol-225517/]

It’s a  delicate line the Green New Deal did not roll back support ethanol is politically awkward trying to force Dem s to bash a popular industry could be a counterproductive distraction  from bigger battles The tendency will be try to avoid that conversation  unless you absolutely have to


Question: Michael Grunwald

It’s a fight they’d rather not have – it’s counterproductive to their overall strategy to bash a popular industry

Grunwald 19 [Michael Grunwald is a senior staff writer for Politico Magazine. 3-5-2019 https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/03/05/2020-democrats-ethanol-225517/]

It’s a  delicate line the Green New Deal did not roll back support ethanol is politically awkward trying to force Dem s to bash a popular industry could be a counterproductive distraction  from bigger battles The tendency will be try to avoid that conversation  unless you absolutely have to


Question: Ethanol politically awkward

It’s a fight they’d rather not have – it’s counterproductive to their overall strategy to bash a popular industry

Grunwald 19 [Michael Grunwald is a senior staff writer for Politico Magazine. 3-5-2019 https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/03/05/2020-democrats-ethanol-225517/]

It’s a  delicate line the Green New Deal did not roll back support ethanol is politically awkward trying to force Dem s to bash a popular industry could be a counterproductive distraction  from bigger battles The tendency will be try to avoid that conversation  unless you absolutely have to


Question: bashing a popular industry

It’s a fight they’d rather not have – it’s counterproductive to their overall strategy to bash a popular industry

Grunwald 19 [Michael Grunwald is a senior staff writer for Politico Magazine. 3-5-2019 https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/03/05/2020-democrats-ethanol-225517/]

It’s a  delicate line the Green New Deal did not roll back support ethanol is politically awkward trying to force Dem s to bash a popular industry could be a counterproductive distraction  from bigger battles The tendency will be try to avoid that conversation  unless you absolutely have to


Question: counterproductive to bash industry

It’s a fight they’d rather not have – it’s counterproductive to their overall strategy to bash a popular industry

Grunwald 19 [Michael Grunwald is a senior staff writer for Politico Magazine. 3-5-2019 https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/03/05/2020-democrats-ethanol-225517/]

It’s a  delicate line the Green New Deal did not roll back support ethanol is politically awkward trying to force Dem s to bash a popular industry could be a counterproductive distraction  from bigger battles The tendency will be try to avoid that conversation  unless you absolutely have to


Question: Green new deal ethanol

It’s a fight they’d rather not have – it’s counterproductive to their overall strategy to bash a popular industry

Grunwald 19 [Michael Grunwald is a senior staff writer for Politico Magazine. 3-5-2019 https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/03/05/2020-democrats-ethanol-225517/]

It’s a  delicate line the Green New Deal did not roll back support ethanol is politically awkward trying to force Dem s to bash a popular industry could be a counterproductive distraction  from bigger battles The tendency will be try to avoid that conversation  unless you absolutely have to


Question: avoid ethanol conversation

It’s a fight they’d rather not have – it’s counterproductive to their overall strategy to bash a popular industry

Grunwald 19 [Michael Grunwald is a senior staff writer for Politico Magazine. 3-5-2019 https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/03/05/2020-democrats-ethanol-225517/]

It’s a  delicate line the Green New Deal did not roll back support ethanol is politically awkward trying to force Dem s to bash a popular industry could be a counterproductive distraction  from bigger battles The tendency will be try to avoid that conversation  unless you absolutely have to


Question: States won't reciprocate disarmament

States won’t reciprocate because they’ll fear cheating or rearmament.

Glaser 19, PhD, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs @ GW. (Charles L. Glaser, 2019, “Was nuclear disarmament ever alive?” in Nuclear Disarmament: A Critical Assessment, pg. 27-29)

The problem with disarm is cheating A state without nuc s could be at a huge disadvantage states would need to be confident the opposing state was giving up all of its nuc s and fissile material states face a 5 percent uncertainty in their own production of fissile which would translate to 5,000 nuc s a state would also have to be confident a rearm race would not leave it at a disadvantage states would have to have equal rearm rates these requirements promises to be exceedingly difficult States would have to coordinate nuclear energy allow unlimited inspection and limit conventional forces These barriers explain why major powers have never come close to giving up nuc s


Question: Glaser 19

States won’t reciprocate because they’ll fear cheating or rearmament.

Glaser 19, PhD, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs @ GW. (Charles L. Glaser, 2019, “Was nuclear disarmament ever alive?” in Nuclear Disarmament: A Critical Assessment, pg. 27-29)

The problem with disarm is cheating A state without nuc s could be at a huge disadvantage states would need to be confident the opposing state was giving up all of its nuc s and fissile material states face a 5 percent uncertainty in their own production of fissile which would translate to 5,000 nuc s a state would also have to be confident a rearm race would not leave it at a disadvantage states would have to have equal rearm rates these requirements promises to be exceedingly difficult States would have to coordinate nuclear energy allow unlimited inspection and limit conventional forces These barriers explain why major powers have never come close to giving up nuc s


Question: Charles Glaser

States won’t reciprocate because they’ll fear cheating or rearmament.

Glaser 19, PhD, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs @ GW. (Charles L. Glaser, 2019, “Was nuclear disarmament ever alive?” in Nuclear Disarmament: A Critical Assessment, pg. 27-29)

The problem with disarm is cheating A state without nuc s could be at a huge disadvantage states would need to be confident the opposing state was giving up all of its nuc s and fissile material states face a 5 percent uncertainty in their own production of fissile which would translate to 5,000 nuc s a state would also have to be confident a rearm race would not leave it at a disadvantage states would have to have equal rearm rates these requirements promises to be exceedingly difficult States would have to coordinate nuclear energy allow unlimited inspection and limit conventional forces These barriers explain why major powers have never come close to giving up nuc s


Question: states fear cheating or rearmament

States won’t reciprocate because they’ll fear cheating or rearmament.

Glaser 19, PhD, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs @ GW. (Charles L. Glaser, 2019, “Was nuclear disarmament ever alive?” in Nuclear Disarmament: A Critical Assessment, pg. 27-29)

The problem with disarm is cheating A state without nuc s could be at a huge disadvantage states would need to be confident the opposing state was giving up all of its nuc s and fissile material states face a 5 percent uncertainty in their own production of fissile which would translate to 5,000 nuc s a state would also have to be confident a rearm race would not leave it at a disadvantage states would have to have equal rearm rates these requirements promises to be exceedingly difficult States would have to coordinate nuclear energy allow unlimited inspection and limit conventional forces These barriers explain why major powers have never come close to giving up nuc s


Question: nuclear disarmament cheating

States won’t reciprocate because they’ll fear cheating or rearmament.

Glaser 19, PhD, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs @ GW. (Charles L. Glaser, 2019, “Was nuclear disarmament ever alive?” in Nuclear Disarmament: A Critical Assessment, pg. 27-29)

The problem with disarm is cheating A state without nuc s could be at a huge disadvantage states would need to be confident the opposing state was giving up all of its nuc s and fissile material states face a 5 percent uncertainty in their own production of fissile which would translate to 5,000 nuc s a state would also have to be confident a rearm race would not leave it at a disadvantage states would have to have equal rearm rates these requirements promises to be exceedingly difficult States would have to coordinate nuclear energy allow unlimited inspection and limit conventional forces These barriers explain why major powers have never come close to giving up nuc s


Question: nuclear disarmament not viable

States won’t reciprocate because they’ll fear cheating or rearmament.

Glaser 19, PhD, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs @ GW. (Charles L. Glaser, 2019, “Was nuclear disarmament ever alive?” in Nuclear Disarmament: A Critical Assessment, pg. 27-29)

The problem with disarm is cheating A state without nuc s could be at a huge disadvantage states would need to be confident the opposing state was giving up all of its nuc s and fissile material states face a 5 percent uncertainty in their own production of fissile which would translate to 5,000 nuc s a state would also have to be confident a rearm race would not leave it at a disadvantage states would have to have equal rearm rates these requirements promises to be exceedingly difficult States would have to coordinate nuclear energy allow unlimited inspection and limit conventional forces These barriers explain why major powers have never come close to giving up nuc s


Question: states have to coordinate nuclear energy

States won’t reciprocate because they’ll fear cheating or rearmament.

Glaser 19, PhD, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs @ GW. (Charles L. Glaser, 2019, “Was nuclear disarmament ever alive?” in Nuclear Disarmament: A Critical Assessment, pg. 27-29)

The problem with disarm is cheating A state without nuc s could be at a huge disadvantage states would need to be confident the opposing state was giving up all of its nuc s and fissile material states face a 5 percent uncertainty in their own production of fissile which would translate to 5,000 nuc s a state would also have to be confident a rearm race would not leave it at a disadvantage states would have to have equal rearm rates these requirements promises to be exceedingly difficult States would have to coordinate nuclear energy allow unlimited inspection and limit conventional forces These barriers explain why major powers have never come close to giving up nuc s


Question: they deny cert

they deny cert

Johnson et al 17 [Ben Johnson, PhD candidate, Politics, Princeton University, JD Yale Law School; and Keith E. Whittington, Professor of Politics, Princeton University; “Why Does the Supreme Court Uphold so Many Laws?” University of Illinois Law Review, forthcoming, written 5-6-2017, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2970868]

When lower court strikes and the Supreme Court agrees all they have to do is deny cert and leave the lower court’s decision as the law


Question: Johnson and Whittington 17

they deny cert

Johnson et al 17 [Ben Johnson, PhD candidate, Politics, Princeton University, JD Yale Law School; and Keith E. Whittington, Professor of Politics, Princeton University; “Why Does the Supreme Court Uphold so Many Laws?” University of Illinois Law Review, forthcoming, written 5-6-2017, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2970868]

When lower court strikes and the Supreme Court agrees all they have to do is deny cert and leave the lower court’s decision as the law


Question: Ben Johnson

they deny cert

Johnson et al 17 [Ben Johnson, PhD candidate, Politics, Princeton University, JD Yale Law School; and Keith E. Whittington, Professor of Politics, Princeton University; “Why Does the Supreme Court Uphold so Many Laws?” University of Illinois Law Review, forthcoming, written 5-6-2017, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2970868]

When lower court strikes and the Supreme Court agrees all they have to do is deny cert and leave the lower court’s decision as the law


Question: Supreme court deny cert

they deny cert

Johnson et al 17 [Ben Johnson, PhD candidate, Politics, Princeton University, JD Yale Law School; and Keith E. Whittington, Professor of Politics, Princeton University; “Why Does the Supreme Court Uphold so Many Laws?” University of Illinois Law Review, forthcoming, written 5-6-2017, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2970868]

When lower court strikes and the Supreme Court agrees all they have to do is deny cert and leave the lower court’s decision as the law


Question: lower court decision law

they deny cert

Johnson et al 17 [Ben Johnson, PhD candidate, Politics, Princeton University, JD Yale Law School; and Keith E. Whittington, Professor of Politics, Princeton University; “Why Does the Supreme Court Uphold so Many Laws?” University of Illinois Law Review, forthcoming, written 5-6-2017, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2970868]

When lower court strikes and the Supreme Court agrees all they have to do is deny cert and leave the lower court’s decision as the law


Question: deny cert lower court

they deny cert

Johnson et al 17 [Ben Johnson, PhD candidate, Politics, Princeton University, JD Yale Law School; and Keith E. Whittington, Professor of Politics, Princeton University; “Why Does the Supreme Court Uphold so Many Laws?” University of Illinois Law Review, forthcoming, written 5-6-2017, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2970868]

When lower court strikes and the Supreme Court agrees all they have to do is deny cert and leave the lower court’s decision as the law


Question: Energy price volatility inevitable

Energy price volatility is structurally inevitable, drives inflation, and constrains growth absent a hastened renewables transition

Kelly, 7/17/2024 – Senior Policy Advisor at the International Institute for Sustainable Development, MSc in Political Science from York University [Jessica, “How Fossil Fuels Drive Inflation and Make Life Less Affordable for Canadians”, International Institute for Sustainable Development, https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/fossil-fuels-drive-inflation-canada]//iowa-debate

as climate change worsens, risks to fossil fuel assets and supply chains global market responses , geopolitics increase price volatility. Transitioning insulate against volatile inflation also reduce energy use volatility is unavoidable oil and gas are subject to boom-and-bust commodity cycle a surge in demand extreme weather conflict) could create a price spike reliance on fossil fuels magnifies the impact that supply disruptions have on the economy energy reliance means prices are the most volatile component of overall inflation by a significant margin volatility is expected to worsen polar vortex grid relies heavily on gas, but frozen equipment shut down refineries wildfires abruptly impact prices market responses  could increase price volatility lower levels of global cooperation increase the risk of market disruptions and price shocks investment in reliable , efficient low-cost energy is essential to mitigate the impact of fluctuations


Question: Kelly 2024

Energy price volatility is structurally inevitable, drives inflation, and constrains growth absent a hastened renewables transition

Kelly, 7/17/2024 – Senior Policy Advisor at the International Institute for Sustainable Development, MSc in Political Science from York University [Jessica, “How Fossil Fuels Drive Inflation and Make Life Less Affordable for Canadians”, International Institute for Sustainable Development, https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/fossil-fuels-drive-inflation-canada]//iowa-debate

as climate change worsens, risks to fossil fuel assets and supply chains global market responses , geopolitics increase price volatility. Transitioning insulate against volatile inflation also reduce energy use volatility is unavoidable oil and gas are subject to boom-and-bust commodity cycle a surge in demand extreme weather conflict) could create a price spike reliance on fossil fuels magnifies the impact that supply disruptions have on the economy energy reliance means prices are the most volatile component of overall inflation by a significant margin volatility is expected to worsen polar vortex grid relies heavily on gas, but frozen equipment shut down refineries wildfires abruptly impact prices market responses  could increase price volatility lower levels of global cooperation increase the risk of market disruptions and price shocks investment in reliable , efficient low-cost energy is essential to mitigate the impact of fluctuations


Question: fossil fuels drive inflation

Energy price volatility is structurally inevitable, drives inflation, and constrains growth absent a hastened renewables transition

Kelly, 7/17/2024 – Senior Policy Advisor at the International Institute for Sustainable Development, MSc in Political Science from York University [Jessica, “How Fossil Fuels Drive Inflation and Make Life Less Affordable for Canadians”, International Institute for Sustainable Development, https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/fossil-fuels-drive-inflation-canada]//iowa-debate

as climate change worsens, risks to fossil fuel assets and supply chains global market responses , geopolitics increase price volatility. Transitioning insulate against volatile inflation also reduce energy use volatility is unavoidable oil and gas are subject to boom-and-bust commodity cycle a surge in demand extreme weather conflict) could create a price spike reliance on fossil fuels magnifies the impact that supply disruptions have on the economy energy reliance means prices are the most volatile component of overall inflation by a significant margin volatility is expected to worsen polar vortex grid relies heavily on gas, but frozen equipment shut down refineries wildfires abruptly impact prices market responses  could increase price volatility lower levels of global cooperation increase the risk of market disruptions and price shocks investment in reliable , efficient low-cost energy is essential to mitigate the impact of fluctuations


Question: renewables transition needed

Energy price volatility is structurally inevitable, drives inflation, and constrains growth absent a hastened renewables transition

Kelly, 7/17/2024 – Senior Policy Advisor at the International Institute for Sustainable Development, MSc in Political Science from York University [Jessica, “How Fossil Fuels Drive Inflation and Make Life Less Affordable for Canadians”, International Institute for Sustainable Development, https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/fossil-fuels-drive-inflation-canada]//iowa-debate

as climate change worsens, risks to fossil fuel assets and supply chains global market responses , geopolitics increase price volatility. Transitioning insulate against volatile inflation also reduce energy use volatility is unavoidable oil and gas are subject to boom-and-bust commodity cycle a surge in demand extreme weather conflict) could create a price spike reliance on fossil fuels magnifies the impact that supply disruptions have on the economy energy reliance means prices are the most volatile component of overall inflation by a significant margin volatility is expected to worsen polar vortex grid relies heavily on gas, but frozen equipment shut down refineries wildfires abruptly impact prices market responses  could increase price volatility lower levels of global cooperation increase the risk of market disruptions and price shocks investment in reliable , efficient low-cost energy is essential to mitigate the impact of fluctuations


Question: energy price volatility

Energy price volatility is structurally inevitable, drives inflation, and constrains growth absent a hastened renewables transition

Kelly, 7/17/2024 – Senior Policy Advisor at the International Institute for Sustainable Development, MSc in Political Science from York University [Jessica, “How Fossil Fuels Drive Inflation and Make Life Less Affordable for Canadians”, International Institute for Sustainable Development, https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/fossil-fuels-drive-inflation-canada]//iowa-debate

as climate change worsens, risks to fossil fuel assets and supply chains global market responses , geopolitics increase price volatility. Transitioning insulate against volatile inflation also reduce energy use volatility is unavoidable oil and gas are subject to boom-and-bust commodity cycle a surge in demand extreme weather conflict) could create a price spike reliance on fossil fuels magnifies the impact that supply disruptions have on the economy energy reliance means prices are the most volatile component of overall inflation by a significant margin volatility is expected to worsen polar vortex grid relies heavily on gas, but frozen equipment shut down refineries wildfires abruptly impact prices market responses  could increase price volatility lower levels of global cooperation increase the risk of market disruptions and price shocks investment in reliable , efficient low-cost energy is essential to mitigate the impact of fluctuations


Question: climate change worsens risks

Energy price volatility is structurally inevitable, drives inflation, and constrains growth absent a hastened renewables transition

Kelly, 7/17/2024 – Senior Policy Advisor at the International Institute for Sustainable Development, MSc in Political Science from York University [Jessica, “How Fossil Fuels Drive Inflation and Make Life Less Affordable for Canadians”, International Institute for Sustainable Development, https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/fossil-fuels-drive-inflation-canada]//iowa-debate

as climate change worsens, risks to fossil fuel assets and supply chains global market responses , geopolitics increase price volatility. Transitioning insulate against volatile inflation also reduce energy use volatility is unavoidable oil and gas are subject to boom-and-bust commodity cycle a surge in demand extreme weather conflict) could create a price spike reliance on fossil fuels magnifies the impact that supply disruptions have on the economy energy reliance means prices are the most volatile component of overall inflation by a significant margin volatility is expected to worsen polar vortex grid relies heavily on gas, but frozen equipment shut down refineries wildfires abruptly impact prices market responses  could increase price volatility lower levels of global cooperation increase the risk of market disruptions and price shocks investment in reliable , efficient low-cost energy is essential to mitigate the impact of fluctuations


Question: fossil fuel boom and bust

Energy price volatility is structurally inevitable, drives inflation, and constrains growth absent a hastened renewables transition

Kelly, 7/17/2024 – Senior Policy Advisor at the International Institute for Sustainable Development, MSc in Political Science from York University [Jessica, “How Fossil Fuels Drive Inflation and Make Life Less Affordable for Canadians”, International Institute for Sustainable Development, https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/fossil-fuels-drive-inflation-canada]//iowa-debate

as climate change worsens, risks to fossil fuel assets and supply chains global market responses , geopolitics increase price volatility. Transitioning insulate against volatile inflation also reduce energy use volatility is unavoidable oil and gas are subject to boom-and-bust commodity cycle a surge in demand extreme weather conflict) could create a price spike reliance on fossil fuels magnifies the impact that supply disruptions have on the economy energy reliance means prices are the most volatile component of overall inflation by a significant margin volatility is expected to worsen polar vortex grid relies heavily on gas, but frozen equipment shut down refineries wildfires abruptly impact prices market responses  could increase price volatility lower levels of global cooperation increase the risk of market disruptions and price shocks investment in reliable , efficient low-cost energy is essential to mitigate the impact of fluctuations


Question: Transition insulates against inflation

Energy price volatility is structurally inevitable, drives inflation, and constrains growth absent a hastened renewables transition

Kelly, 7/17/2024 – Senior Policy Advisor at the International Institute for Sustainable Development, MSc in Political Science from York University [Jessica, “How Fossil Fuels Drive Inflation and Make Life Less Affordable for Canadians”, International Institute for Sustainable Development, https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/fossil-fuels-drive-inflation-canada]//iowa-debate

as climate change worsens, risks to fossil fuel assets and supply chains global market responses , geopolitics increase price volatility. Transitioning insulate against volatile inflation also reduce energy use volatility is unavoidable oil and gas are subject to boom-and-bust commodity cycle a surge in demand extreme weather conflict) could create a price spike reliance on fossil fuels magnifies the impact that supply disruptions have on the economy energy reliance means prices are the most volatile component of overall inflation by a significant margin volatility is expected to worsen polar vortex grid relies heavily on gas, but frozen equipment shut down refineries wildfires abruptly impact prices market responses  could increase price volatility lower levels of global cooperation increase the risk of market disruptions and price shocks investment in reliable , efficient low-cost energy is essential to mitigate the impact of fluctuations


Question: Solves best-federal environmental policies fail

That solves best---federal environmental polices fail---while state polices ensure a race-to-the-top that avoids all AFF deficits.

Jonathan H. Adler 02, Assistant Professor of Law, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, JD from George Mason, “Let Fifty Flowers Bloom: Transforming the States into Laboratories of Environmental Policy”, 1/8/02, SSRN

states play the dominant role in environmental policies States are responsible for 85 percent of enforcement enforcement not perfect but EPA is worse . In states where the EPA administers permit programs the rate of expired permits is substantially higher than those where permits are administered by state agencies inadequacy of federal resources inevitably results in federal dependence


Question: Adler 02

That solves best---federal environmental polices fail---while state polices ensure a race-to-the-top that avoids all AFF deficits.

Jonathan H. Adler 02, Assistant Professor of Law, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, JD from George Mason, “Let Fifty Flowers Bloom: Transforming the States into Laboratories of Environmental Policy”, 1/8/02, SSRN

states play the dominant role in environmental policies States are responsible for 85 percent of enforcement enforcement not perfect but EPA is worse . In states where the EPA administers permit programs the rate of expired permits is substantially higher than those where permits are administered by state agencies inadequacy of federal resources inevitably results in federal dependence


Question: Jonathan Adler

That solves best---federal environmental polices fail---while state polices ensure a race-to-the-top that avoids all AFF deficits.

Jonathan H. Adler 02, Assistant Professor of Law, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, JD from George Mason, “Let Fifty Flowers Bloom: Transforming the States into Laboratories of Environmental Policy”, 1/8/02, SSRN

states play the dominant role in environmental policies States are responsible for 85 percent of enforcement enforcement not perfect but EPA is worse . In states where the EPA administers permit programs the rate of expired permits is substantially higher than those where permits are administered by state agencies inadequacy of federal resources inevitably results in federal dependence


Question: race to the top

That solves best---federal environmental polices fail---while state polices ensure a race-to-the-top that avoids all AFF deficits.

Jonathan H. Adler 02, Assistant Professor of Law, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, JD from George Mason, “Let Fifty Flowers Bloom: Transforming the States into Laboratories of Environmental Policy”, 1/8/02, SSRN

states play the dominant role in environmental policies States are responsible for 85 percent of enforcement enforcement not perfect but EPA is worse . In states where the EPA administers permit programs the rate of expired permits is substantially higher than those where permits are administered by state agencies inadequacy of federal resources inevitably results in federal dependence


Question: states dominant environmental policies

That solves best---federal environmental polices fail---while state polices ensure a race-to-the-top that avoids all AFF deficits.

Jonathan H. Adler 02, Assistant Professor of Law, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, JD from George Mason, “Let Fifty Flowers Bloom: Transforming the States into Laboratories of Environmental Policy”, 1/8/02, SSRN

states play the dominant role in environmental policies States are responsible for 85 percent of enforcement enforcement not perfect but EPA is worse . In states where the EPA administers permit programs the rate of expired permits is substantially higher than those where permits are administered by state agencies inadequacy of federal resources inevitably results in federal dependence


Question: EPA permit programs worse

That solves best---federal environmental polices fail---while state polices ensure a race-to-the-top that avoids all AFF deficits.

Jonathan H. Adler 02, Assistant Professor of Law, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, JD from George Mason, “Let Fifty Flowers Bloom: Transforming the States into Laboratories of Environmental Policy”, 1/8/02, SSRN

states play the dominant role in environmental policies States are responsible for 85 percent of enforcement enforcement not perfect but EPA is worse . In states where the EPA administers permit programs the rate of expired permits is substantially higher than those where permits are administered by state agencies inadequacy of federal resources inevitably results in federal dependence


Question: clean energy for whom

And so we ask the question, ‘Clean energy’ for whom?

Alhadeff 23 [Cara Judea; Professor of Transdisciplinary Ecological Leadership, has published dozens of interdisciplinary books and articles on critical philosophy, climate justice, art, epigenetics, gender, sexuality, and ethnic studies, “Equality as Industrial Capitalism’s Trojan Horse: Environmental Racism, Green Colonialism, and The Renewable Energies Revolution”, L. Weir (ed.), Philosophy as Practice in the Ecological Emergency, Sustainable Development Goals Series, (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94391-2_8), 2023 // Makinde]

alt forms of energy are misidentifed under clean clean For whom There is no clear division between clean energy and dirty energy well-intentioned alternatives ultimately conserve the original crisis Western imperialism continue to dominate global relations Solar use exorbitant resources displac human populations and require carbon-intensive concrete dams have had cataclysmic effects on indigenous peoples fine particulate pollution harms African-American communities more the electric vehicle displaces costs of environmental racism exported into Bolivia Cobalt is mined in the Congo environmental costs are habitat destruction, child slavery, and death e-waste dumped throughout Africa Even if we find alternatives to fossil fuels renewable energies maintain our addiction to consumption The new world will look exactly like the old in terms of exploitation


Question: Alhadeff 23

And so we ask the question, ‘Clean energy’ for whom?

Alhadeff 23 [Cara Judea; Professor of Transdisciplinary Ecological Leadership, has published dozens of interdisciplinary books and articles on critical philosophy, climate justice, art, epigenetics, gender, sexuality, and ethnic studies, “Equality as Industrial Capitalism’s Trojan Horse: Environmental Racism, Green Colonialism, and The Renewable Energies Revolution”, L. Weir (ed.), Philosophy as Practice in the Ecological Emergency, Sustainable Development Goals Series, (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94391-2_8), 2023 // Makinde]

alt forms of energy are misidentifed under clean clean For whom There is no clear division between clean energy and dirty energy well-intentioned alternatives ultimately conserve the original crisis Western imperialism continue to dominate global relations Solar use exorbitant resources displac human populations and require carbon-intensive concrete dams have had cataclysmic effects on indigenous peoples fine particulate pollution harms African-American communities more the electric vehicle displaces costs of environmental racism exported into Bolivia Cobalt is mined in the Congo environmental costs are habitat destruction, child slavery, and death e-waste dumped throughout Africa Even if we find alternatives to fossil fuels renewable energies maintain our addiction to consumption The new world will look exactly like the old in terms of exploitation


Question: Cara Judea Alhadeff

And so we ask the question, ‘Clean energy’ for whom?

Alhadeff 23 [Cara Judea; Professor of Transdisciplinary Ecological Leadership, has published dozens of interdisciplinary books and articles on critical philosophy, climate justice, art, epigenetics, gender, sexuality, and ethnic studies, “Equality as Industrial Capitalism’s Trojan Horse: Environmental Racism, Green Colonialism, and The Renewable Energies Revolution”, L. Weir (ed.), Philosophy as Practice in the Ecological Emergency, Sustainable Development Goals Series, (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94391-2_8), 2023 // Makinde]

alt forms of energy are misidentifed under clean clean For whom There is no clear division between clean energy and dirty energy well-intentioned alternatives ultimately conserve the original crisis Western imperialism continue to dominate global relations Solar use exorbitant resources displac human populations and require carbon-intensive concrete dams have had cataclysmic effects on indigenous peoples fine particulate pollution harms African-American communities more the electric vehicle displaces costs of environmental racism exported into Bolivia Cobalt is mined in the Congo environmental costs are habitat destruction, child slavery, and death e-waste dumped throughout Africa Even if we find alternatives to fossil fuels renewable energies maintain our addiction to consumption The new world will look exactly like the old in terms of exploitation


Question: clean energy is dirty

And so we ask the question, ‘Clean energy’ for whom?

Alhadeff 23 [Cara Judea; Professor of Transdisciplinary Ecological Leadership, has published dozens of interdisciplinary books and articles on critical philosophy, climate justice, art, epigenetics, gender, sexuality, and ethnic studies, “Equality as Industrial Capitalism’s Trojan Horse: Environmental Racism, Green Colonialism, and The Renewable Energies Revolution”, L. Weir (ed.), Philosophy as Practice in the Ecological Emergency, Sustainable Development Goals Series, (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94391-2_8), 2023 // Makinde]

alt forms of energy are misidentifed under clean clean For whom There is no clear division between clean energy and dirty energy well-intentioned alternatives ultimately conserve the original crisis Western imperialism continue to dominate global relations Solar use exorbitant resources displac human populations and require carbon-intensive concrete dams have had cataclysmic effects on indigenous peoples fine particulate pollution harms African-American communities more the electric vehicle displaces costs of environmental racism exported into Bolivia Cobalt is mined in the Congo environmental costs are habitat destruction, child slavery, and death e-waste dumped throughout Africa Even if we find alternatives to fossil fuels renewable energies maintain our addiction to consumption The new world will look exactly like the old in terms of exploitation


Question: solar energy bad

And so we ask the question, ‘Clean energy’ for whom?

Alhadeff 23 [Cara Judea; Professor of Transdisciplinary Ecological Leadership, has published dozens of interdisciplinary books and articles on critical philosophy, climate justice, art, epigenetics, gender, sexuality, and ethnic studies, “Equality as Industrial Capitalism’s Trojan Horse: Environmental Racism, Green Colonialism, and The Renewable Energies Revolution”, L. Weir (ed.), Philosophy as Practice in the Ecological Emergency, Sustainable Development Goals Series, (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94391-2_8), 2023 // Makinde]

alt forms of energy are misidentifed under clean clean For whom There is no clear division between clean energy and dirty energy well-intentioned alternatives ultimately conserve the original crisis Western imperialism continue to dominate global relations Solar use exorbitant resources displac human populations and require carbon-intensive concrete dams have had cataclysmic effects on indigenous peoples fine particulate pollution harms African-American communities more the electric vehicle displaces costs of environmental racism exported into Bolivia Cobalt is mined in the Congo environmental costs are habitat destruction, child slavery, and death e-waste dumped throughout Africa Even if we find alternatives to fossil fuels renewable energies maintain our addiction to consumption The new world will look exactly like the old in terms of exploitation


Question: electric vehicles racism

And so we ask the question, ‘Clean energy’ for whom?

Alhadeff 23 [Cara Judea; Professor of Transdisciplinary Ecological Leadership, has published dozens of interdisciplinary books and articles on critical philosophy, climate justice, art, epigenetics, gender, sexuality, and ethnic studies, “Equality as Industrial Capitalism’s Trojan Horse: Environmental Racism, Green Colonialism, and The Renewable Energies Revolution”, L. Weir (ed.), Philosophy as Practice in the Ecological Emergency, Sustainable Development Goals Series, (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94391-2_8), 2023 // Makinde]

alt forms of energy are misidentifed under clean clean For whom There is no clear division between clean energy and dirty energy well-intentioned alternatives ultimately conserve the original crisis Western imperialism continue to dominate global relations Solar use exorbitant resources displac human populations and require carbon-intensive concrete dams have had cataclysmic effects on indigenous peoples fine particulate pollution harms African-American communities more the electric vehicle displaces costs of environmental racism exported into Bolivia Cobalt is mined in the Congo environmental costs are habitat destruction, child slavery, and death e-waste dumped throughout Africa Even if we find alternatives to fossil fuels renewable energies maintain our addiction to consumption The new world will look exactly like the old in terms of exploitation


Question: environmental racism

And so we ask the question, ‘Clean energy’ for whom?

Alhadeff 23 [Cara Judea; Professor of Transdisciplinary Ecological Leadership, has published dozens of interdisciplinary books and articles on critical philosophy, climate justice, art, epigenetics, gender, sexuality, and ethnic studies, “Equality as Industrial Capitalism’s Trojan Horse: Environmental Racism, Green Colonialism, and The Renewable Energies Revolution”, L. Weir (ed.), Philosophy as Practice in the Ecological Emergency, Sustainable Development Goals Series, (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94391-2_8), 2023 // Makinde]

alt forms of energy are misidentifed under clean clean For whom There is no clear division between clean energy and dirty energy well-intentioned alternatives ultimately conserve the original crisis Western imperialism continue to dominate global relations Solar use exorbitant resources displac human populations and require carbon-intensive concrete dams have had cataclysmic effects on indigenous peoples fine particulate pollution harms African-American communities more the electric vehicle displaces costs of environmental racism exported into Bolivia Cobalt is mined in the Congo environmental costs are habitat destruction, child slavery, and death e-waste dumped throughout Africa Even if we find alternatives to fossil fuels renewable energies maintain our addiction to consumption The new world will look exactly like the old in terms of exploitation


Question: renewable energies maintain addiction to consumption

And so we ask the question, ‘Clean energy’ for whom?

Alhadeff 23 [Cara Judea; Professor of Transdisciplinary Ecological Leadership, has published dozens of interdisciplinary books and articles on critical philosophy, climate justice, art, epigenetics, gender, sexuality, and ethnic studies, “Equality as Industrial Capitalism’s Trojan Horse: Environmental Racism, Green Colonialism, and The Renewable Energies Revolution”, L. Weir (ed.), Philosophy as Practice in the Ecological Emergency, Sustainable Development Goals Series, (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94391-2_8), 2023 // Makinde]

alt forms of energy are misidentifed under clean clean For whom There is no clear division between clean energy and dirty energy well-intentioned alternatives ultimately conserve the original crisis Western imperialism continue to dominate global relations Solar use exorbitant resources displac human populations and require carbon-intensive concrete dams have had cataclysmic effects on indigenous peoples fine particulate pollution harms African-American communities more the electric vehicle displaces costs of environmental racism exported into Bolivia Cobalt is mined in the Congo environmental costs are habitat destruction, child slavery, and death e-waste dumped throughout Africa Even if we find alternatives to fossil fuels renewable energies maintain our addiction to consumption The new world will look exactly like the old in terms of exploitation


Question: Warming causes inflation

Warming causes inflation. Emissions reductions are the only way to stabilize price volatility.

Maximilian Kotz et al. 24. **Post-doctoral researcher in the Research Department for Complexity Science and member of the working group Data Based Analysis of Climate Decisions at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. **Friderike Kuik, Economist at the European Central Bank in the Prices and Costs Division. **Christiane Nickel, Deputy Director General Economics at the European Central Bank, PhD in Economics from Otto Beisheim Graduate School. “Global Warming and Heat Extremes to Enhance Inflationary Pressures.” 3/21/24.Communications & Earth Environment. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-01173-x

future temperature conditions considerable climate change likely to increase inflation volatility and place persistent pressure on inflation levels empirical results find upward pressures implies short-term rises in inflation from hot periods intensity of extremes being amplified set to increase inflation volatility increasing difficulty of identifying supply shocks inflationary pressures from climate making monetary policy more difficult in absence of unprecedented adaptation persistent upward pressures on inflation have adverse effects on purchasing power climate offers opportunity to limit pressures on inflation without considerable mitigation of emissions inflation remain persistent and sizeable , even accounting for adaptation


Question: Kotz et al 24

Warming causes inflation. Emissions reductions are the only way to stabilize price volatility.

Maximilian Kotz et al. 24. **Post-doctoral researcher in the Research Department for Complexity Science and member of the working group Data Based Analysis of Climate Decisions at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. **Friderike Kuik, Economist at the European Central Bank in the Prices and Costs Division. **Christiane Nickel, Deputy Director General Economics at the European Central Bank, PhD in Economics from Otto Beisheim Graduate School. “Global Warming and Heat Extremes to Enhance Inflationary Pressures.” 3/21/24.Communications & Earth Environment. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-01173-x

future temperature conditions considerable climate change likely to increase inflation volatility and place persistent pressure on inflation levels empirical results find upward pressures implies short-term rises in inflation from hot periods intensity of extremes being amplified set to increase inflation volatility increasing difficulty of identifying supply shocks inflationary pressures from climate making monetary policy more difficult in absence of unprecedented adaptation persistent upward pressures on inflation have adverse effects on purchasing power climate offers opportunity to limit pressures on inflation without considerable mitigation of emissions inflation remain persistent and sizeable , even accounting for adaptation


Question: Climate change increases inflation volatility

Warming causes inflation. Emissions reductions are the only way to stabilize price volatility.

Maximilian Kotz et al. 24. **Post-doctoral researcher in the Research Department for Complexity Science and member of the working group Data Based Analysis of Climate Decisions at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. **Friderike Kuik, Economist at the European Central Bank in the Prices and Costs Division. **Christiane Nickel, Deputy Director General Economics at the European Central Bank, PhD in Economics from Otto Beisheim Graduate School. “Global Warming and Heat Extremes to Enhance Inflationary Pressures.” 3/21/24.Communications & Earth Environment. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-01173-x

future temperature conditions considerable climate change likely to increase inflation volatility and place persistent pressure on inflation levels empirical results find upward pressures implies short-term rises in inflation from hot periods intensity of extremes being amplified set to increase inflation volatility increasing difficulty of identifying supply shocks inflationary pressures from climate making monetary policy more difficult in absence of unprecedented adaptation persistent upward pressures on inflation have adverse effects on purchasing power climate offers opportunity to limit pressures on inflation without considerable mitigation of emissions inflation remain persistent and sizeable , even accounting for adaptation


Question: Emissions reductions stabilize price volatility

Warming causes inflation. Emissions reductions are the only way to stabilize price volatility.

Maximilian Kotz et al. 24. **Post-doctoral researcher in the Research Department for Complexity Science and member of the working group Data Based Analysis of Climate Decisions at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. **Friderike Kuik, Economist at the European Central Bank in the Prices and Costs Division. **Christiane Nickel, Deputy Director General Economics at the European Central Bank, PhD in Economics from Otto Beisheim Graduate School. “Global Warming and Heat Extremes to Enhance Inflationary Pressures.” 3/21/24.Communications & Earth Environment. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-01173-x

future temperature conditions considerable climate change likely to increase inflation volatility and place persistent pressure on inflation levels empirical results find upward pressures implies short-term rises in inflation from hot periods intensity of extremes being amplified set to increase inflation volatility increasing difficulty of identifying supply shocks inflationary pressures from climate making monetary policy more difficult in absence of unprecedented adaptation persistent upward pressures on inflation have adverse effects on purchasing power climate offers opportunity to limit pressures on inflation without considerable mitigation of emissions inflation remain persistent and sizeable , even accounting for adaptation


Question: climate monetary policy difficult

Warming causes inflation. Emissions reductions are the only way to stabilize price volatility.

Maximilian Kotz et al. 24. **Post-doctoral researcher in the Research Department for Complexity Science and member of the working group Data Based Analysis of Climate Decisions at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. **Friderike Kuik, Economist at the European Central Bank in the Prices and Costs Division. **Christiane Nickel, Deputy Director General Economics at the European Central Bank, PhD in Economics from Otto Beisheim Graduate School. “Global Warming and Heat Extremes to Enhance Inflationary Pressures.” 3/21/24.Communications & Earth Environment. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-01173-x

future temperature conditions considerable climate change likely to increase inflation volatility and place persistent pressure on inflation levels empirical results find upward pressures implies short-term rises in inflation from hot periods intensity of extremes being amplified set to increase inflation volatility increasing difficulty of identifying supply shocks inflationary pressures from climate making monetary policy more difficult in absence of unprecedented adaptation persistent upward pressures on inflation have adverse effects on purchasing power climate offers opportunity to limit pressures on inflation without considerable mitigation of emissions inflation remain persistent and sizeable , even accounting for adaptation


Question: global warming and inflationary pressures

Warming causes inflation. Emissions reductions are the only way to stabilize price volatility.

Maximilian Kotz et al. 24. **Post-doctoral researcher in the Research Department for Complexity Science and member of the working group Data Based Analysis of Climate Decisions at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. **Friderike Kuik, Economist at the European Central Bank in the Prices and Costs Division. **Christiane Nickel, Deputy Director General Economics at the European Central Bank, PhD in Economics from Otto Beisheim Graduate School. “Global Warming and Heat Extremes to Enhance Inflationary Pressures.” 3/21/24.Communications & Earth Environment. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-01173-x

future temperature conditions considerable climate change likely to increase inflation volatility and place persistent pressure on inflation levels empirical results find upward pressures implies short-term rises in inflation from hot periods intensity of extremes being amplified set to increase inflation volatility increasing difficulty of identifying supply shocks inflationary pressures from climate making monetary policy more difficult in absence of unprecedented adaptation persistent upward pressures on inflation have adverse effects on purchasing power climate offers opportunity to limit pressures on inflation without considerable mitigation of emissions inflation remain persistent and sizeable , even accounting for adaptation


Question: limit pressures on inflation

Warming causes inflation. Emissions reductions are the only way to stabilize price volatility.

Maximilian Kotz et al. 24. **Post-doctoral researcher in the Research Department for Complexity Science and member of the working group Data Based Analysis of Climate Decisions at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. **Friderike Kuik, Economist at the European Central Bank in the Prices and Costs Division. **Christiane Nickel, Deputy Director General Economics at the European Central Bank, PhD in Economics from Otto Beisheim Graduate School. “Global Warming and Heat Extremes to Enhance Inflationary Pressures.” 3/21/24.Communications & Earth Environment. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-01173-x

future temperature conditions considerable climate change likely to increase inflation volatility and place persistent pressure on inflation levels empirical results find upward pressures implies short-term rises in inflation from hot periods intensity of extremes being amplified set to increase inflation volatility increasing difficulty of identifying supply shocks inflationary pressures from climate making monetary policy more difficult in absence of unprecedented adaptation persistent upward pressures on inflation have adverse effects on purchasing power climate offers opportunity to limit pressures on inflation without considerable mitigation of emissions inflation remain persistent and sizeable , even accounting for adaptation


Question: dividends offset potential costs

Its included dividends would offset potential increased costs.

Baker et al 20 – James A. Baker III is a Honorary Chair of Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy and served as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1985 to 1988 and U.S. Secretary of State from 1989 to 1992, George P. Shultz is a Distinguished Fellow at the Hoover Institution and served as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1972 to 1974 and U.S. Secretary of State from 1982 to 1989, and Ted Halstead is Chair and CEO of the Climate Leadership Council, FOREIGN AFFAIRS, “The Strategic Case for U.S. Climate Leadership”

returning the from carbon fees directly to American people the form of quarterly checks, or dividends 70 percent of families including least well-off receive more than would pay in increased energy prices.


Question: Baker Shultz Halstead dividends

Its included dividends would offset potential increased costs.

Baker et al 20 – James A. Baker III is a Honorary Chair of Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy and served as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1985 to 1988 and U.S. Secretary of State from 1989 to 1992, George P. Shultz is a Distinguished Fellow at the Hoover Institution and served as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1972 to 1974 and U.S. Secretary of State from 1982 to 1989, and Ted Halstead is Chair and CEO of the Climate Leadership Council, FOREIGN AFFAIRS, “The Strategic Case for U.S. Climate Leadership”

returning the from carbon fees directly to American people the form of quarterly checks, or dividends 70 percent of families including least well-off receive more than would pay in increased energy prices.


Question: James Baker climate leadership

Its included dividends would offset potential increased costs.

Baker et al 20 – James A. Baker III is a Honorary Chair of Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy and served as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1985 to 1988 and U.S. Secretary of State from 1989 to 1992, George P. Shultz is a Distinguished Fellow at the Hoover Institution and served as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1972 to 1974 and U.S. Secretary of State from 1982 to 1989, and Ted Halstead is Chair and CEO of the Climate Leadership Council, FOREIGN AFFAIRS, “The Strategic Case for U.S. Climate Leadership”

returning the from carbon fees directly to American people the form of quarterly checks, or dividends 70 percent of families including least well-off receive more than would pay in increased energy prices.


Question: carbon fee dividends offset costs

Its included dividends would offset potential increased costs.

Baker et al 20 – James A. Baker III is a Honorary Chair of Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy and served as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1985 to 1988 and U.S. Secretary of State from 1989 to 1992, George P. Shultz is a Distinguished Fellow at the Hoover Institution and served as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1972 to 1974 and U.S. Secretary of State from 1982 to 1989, and Ted Halstead is Chair and CEO of the Climate Leadership Council, FOREIGN AFFAIRS, “The Strategic Case for U.S. Climate Leadership”

returning the from carbon fees directly to American people the form of quarterly checks, or dividends 70 percent of families including least well-off receive more than would pay in increased energy prices.


Question: carbon tax dividend checks

Its included dividends would offset potential increased costs.

Baker et al 20 – James A. Baker III is a Honorary Chair of Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy and served as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1985 to 1988 and U.S. Secretary of State from 1989 to 1992, George P. Shultz is a Distinguished Fellow at the Hoover Institution and served as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1972 to 1974 and U.S. Secretary of State from 1982 to 1989, and Ted Halstead is Chair and CEO of the Climate Leadership Council, FOREIGN AFFAIRS, “The Strategic Case for U.S. Climate Leadership”

returning the from carbon fees directly to American people the form of quarterly checks, or dividends 70 percent of families including least well-off receive more than would pay in increased energy prices.