app.py

import numpy as np
import traceback
import gradio as gr
from PIL import Image
from scipy import ndimage, interpolate
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from bulk_bulge_generation import definitions, smooth
# from transformers import pipeline
import fastai
from fastcore.all import *
from fastai.vision.all import *
from ultralytics import ASSETS, YOLO
import cv2

def apply_vector_field_transform(image, func, radius, center=(0.5, 0.5), strength=1, edge_smoothness=0.1, center_smoothness=0.20):
    rows, cols = image.shape[:2]
    max_dim = max(rows, cols)
    print()
    print(f"Max_dim is {max_dim}")
    print()
    
    center_y = int(center[1] * rows)
    center_x = int(center[0] * cols)
    center_y = abs(rows - center_y)

    print(f"Image shape: {rows}x{cols}")
    print(f"Center: ({center_x}, {center_y})")
    print(f"Radius: {radius}, Strength: {strength}")
    print(f"Edge smoothness: {edge_smoothness}, Center smoothness: {center_smoothness}")
    
    y, x = np.ogrid[:rows, :cols]
    y = (y - center_y) / max_dim
    x = (x - center_x) / max_dim
    
    dist_from_center = np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2)
    
    z = func(x, y)
    print(f"Function output - min: {np.min(z)}, max: {np.max(z)}")
    
    gy, gx = np.gradient(z)
    print(f"Initial gradient - gx min: {np.min(gx)}, max: {np.max(gx)}")
    print(f"Initial gradient - gy min: {np.min(gy)}, max: {np.max(gy)}")

    # Avoid division by zero
    edge_smoothness = np.maximum(edge_smoothness, 1e-6)
    center_smoothness = np.maximum(center_smoothness, 1e-6)

    edge_mask = np.clip((radius - dist_from_center) / (radius * edge_smoothness), 0, 1)
    center_mask = np.clip((dist_from_center - radius * center_smoothness) / (radius * center_smoothness), 0, 1)
    mask = edge_mask * center_mask
    
    gx = gx * mask
    gy = gy * mask
    
    magnitude = np.sqrt(gx**2 + gy**2)
    magnitude[magnitude == 0] = 1  # Avoid division by zero
    gx = gx / magnitude
    gy = gy / magnitude
    
    scale_factor = strength * np.log(max_dim) / 100
    gx = gx * scale_factor * mask
    gy = gy * scale_factor * mask
    
    print(f"Final gradient - gx min: {np.min(gx)}, max: {np.max(gx)}")
    print(f"Final gradient - gy min: {np.min(gy)}, max: {np.max(gy)}")
    
    # Forward transformation
    x_new = x + gx
    y_new = y + gy
    
    x_new = x_new * max_dim + center_x
    y_new = y_new * max_dim + center_y
    
    x_new = np.clip(x_new, 0, cols - 1)
    y_new = np.clip(y_new, 0, rows - 1)
    
    # Inverse transformation
    x_inv = x - gx
    y_inv = y - gy
    
    x_inv = x_inv * max_dim + center_x
    y_inv = y_inv * max_dim + center_y
    
    x_inv = np.clip(x_inv, 0, cols - 1)
    y_inv = np.clip(y_inv, 0, rows - 1)
    
    # Apply transformations
    channels_forward = [ndimage.map_coordinates(image[..., i], [y_new, x_new], order=1, mode='reflect') 
                        for i in range(image.shape[2])]
    channels_inverse = [ndimage.map_coordinates(image[..., i], [y_inv, x_inv], order=1, mode='reflect') 
                        for i in range(image.shape[2])]
    
    transformed_image = np.dstack(channels_forward).astype(image.dtype)
    inverse_transformed_image = np.dstack(channels_inverse).astype(image.dtype)
    
    return transformed_image, inverse_transformed_image, (gx, gy)

def create_gradient_vector_field(gx, gy, image_shape, step=20, reverse=False):
    """
    Create a gradient vector field visualization with option to reverse direction.
    
    :param gx: X-component of the gradient
    :param gy: Y-component of the gradient
    :param image_shape: Shape of the original image (height, width)
    :param step: Spacing between arrows
    :param reverse: If True, reverse the direction of the arrows
    :return: Gradient vector field as a numpy array (RGB image)
    """
    rows, cols = image_shape
    y, x = np.mgrid[step/2:rows:step, step/2:cols:step].reshape(2, -1).astype(int)
    
    # Calculate the scale based on image size
    max_dim = max(rows, cols)
    scale = max_dim / 1000  # Adjusted for longer arrows
    
    # Reverse direction if specified
    direction = -1 if reverse else 1
    
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(cols/50, rows/50), dpi=100)
    ax.quiver(x, y, direction * gx[y, x], direction * -gy[y, x], 
              scale=scale, 
              scale_units='width', 
              width=0.002 * max_dim / 500,
              headwidth=8, 
              headlength=12, 
              headaxislength=0, 
              color='black',
              minshaft=2,
              minlength=0,
              pivot='tail')
    ax.set_xlim(0, cols)
    ax.set_ylim(rows, 0)
    ax.set_aspect('equal')
    ax.axis('off')
    
    fig.tight_layout(pad=0)
    fig.canvas.draw()
    vector_field = np.frombuffer(fig.canvas.tostring_rgb(), dtype=np.uint8)
    vector_field = vector_field.reshape(fig.canvas.get_width_height()[::-1] + (3,))
    plt.close(fig)
    
    return vector_field

# def invert_gradient_vector_field(gx, gy, image_shape):
#     """
#     Invert the gradient vector field using a more accurate method.
#     
#     :param gx: X-component of the gradient
#     :param gy: Y-component of the gradient
#     :param image_shape: Shape of the original image (height, width)
#     :return: Inverted gx and gy
#     """
#     rows, cols = image_shape
#     y, x = np.mgrid[0:rows, 0:cols]
#     
#     # Calculate the new positions after applying the gradient
#     new_x = x + gx
#     new_y = y + gy
#     
#     # Create a mask for valid (non-NaN, non-infinite) values
#     mask = np.isfinite(new_x) & np.isfinite(new_y)
#     
#     # Flatten and filter the arrays
#     x_flat = x[mask]
#     y_flat = y[mask]
#     new_x_flat = new_x[mask]
#     new_y_flat = new_y[mask]
#     
#     # Create the inverse mapping
#     inv_x = interpolate.griddata((new_x_flat, new_y_flat), x_flat, (x, y), method='linear', fill_value=np.nan)
#     inv_y = interpolate.griddata((new_x_flat, new_y_flat), y_flat, (x, y), method='linear', fill_value=np.nan)
#     
#     # Calculate the inverse gradient
#     inv_gx = inv_x - x
#     inv_gy = inv_y - y
#     
#     # Fill NaN values with zeros
#     inv_gx = np.nan_to_num(inv_gx)
#     inv_gy = np.nan_to_num(inv_gy)
#     
#     return -inv_gx, -inv_gy  # Note the negation here

def apply_gradient_transform(image, gx, gy):
    """
    Apply the gradient transformation to an image.
    
    :param image: Input image as a numpy array
    :param gx: X-component of the gradient
    :param gy: Y-component of the gradient
    :return: Transformed image
    """
    rows, cols = image.shape[:2]
    y, x = np.mgrid[0:rows, 0:cols]
    
    # Apply the transformation
    x_new = x + gx
    y_new = y + gy
    
    # Ensure the new coordinates are within the image boundaries
    x_new = np.clip(x_new, 0, cols - 1)
    y_new = np.clip(y_new, 0, rows - 1)
    
    # Apply the transformation to each channel
    channels = []
    for i in range(image.shape[2]):
        channel = image[:,:,i]
        transformed_channel = interpolate.griddata((y.flatten(), x.flatten()), channel.flatten(), (y_new, x_new), method='linear', fill_value=0)
        channels.append(transformed_channel)
    
    transformed_image = np.dstack(channels).astype(image.dtype)
    
    return transformed_image

def generate_function_gradient(func, image_shape, radius, center=(0.5, 0.5), strength=1, edge_smoothness=0.1, center_smoothness=0.20):
    rows, cols = image_shape[:2]
    max_dim = max(rows, cols)
    
    y, x = np.mgrid[0:rows, 0:cols].astype(np.float32)
    y = (y - center[1] * rows) / max_dim
    x = (x - center[0] * cols) / max_dim
    
    dist_from_center = np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2)
    
    z = func(x, y)
    
    gy, gx = np.gradient(z)

    edge_smoothness = np.maximum(edge_smoothness, 1e-6)
    center_smoothness = np.maximum(center_smoothness, 1e-6)

    edge_mask = np.clip((radius - dist_from_center) / (radius * edge_smoothness), 0, 1)
    center_mask = np.clip((dist_from_center - radius * center_smoothness) / (radius * center_smoothness), 0, 1)
    mask = edge_mask * center_mask
    
    gx *= mask
    gy *= mask
    
    magnitude = np.sqrt(gx**2 + gy**2)
    max_magnitude = np.max(magnitude)
    if max_magnitude > 0:
        gx /= max_magnitude
        gy /= max_magnitude
    
    # Increase the base scale factor
    base_scale = radius * max_dim * 0.2  # Increased from 0.1 to 0.2
    
    # Apply a non-linear scaling to the strength
    adjusted_strength = np.power(strength, 1.5)  # This will make the effect more pronounced at higher strengths
    
    # Increase the maximum strength multiplier
    scale_factor = base_scale * np.clip(adjusted_strength, 0, 3)  # Increased max from 2 to 3
    
    # Apply an additional scaling factor based on image size
    size_factor = np.log(max_dim) / np.log(1000)  # This will be 1 for 1000x1000 images, larger for bigger images
    scale_factor *= size_factor
    
    gx *= scale_factor
    gy *= scale_factor
    
    print(f"Final scale factor: {scale_factor}")
    print(f"Final gradient ranges: gx [{np.min(gx)}, {np.max(gx)}], gy [{np.min(gy)}, {np.max(gy)}]")
    
    return gx, gy

#############################
#    MAIN FUNCTION HERE
#############################

# Version Check 
print(f"NumPy version: {np.__version__}")
print(f"PyTorch version: {torch.__version__}")
print(f"FastAI version: {fastai.__version__}")

learn_bias = load_learner('model_bias.pkl')
learn_fresh = load_learner('model_fresh.pkl')

# Loads the YOLO Model
model = YOLO("bulge_yolo_model.pt")

def predict_image(img, conf_threshold, iou_threshold):
    """Predicts objects in an image using a YOLOv8 model with adjustable confidence and IOU thresholds."""
    results = model.predict(
        source=img,
        conf=conf_threshold,
        iou=iou_threshold,
        show_labels=True,
        show_conf=True,
        imgsz=640,
    )

    for r in results:
        im_array = r.plot()
        im = Image.fromarray(im_array[..., ::-1])

    return im

def transform_image(image, func_choice, randomization_check, radius, center_x, center_y, strength, reverse_gradient=True, spiral_frequency=1):
    I = np.asarray(Image.open(image))    

    # Downsample large images
    max_size = 1024  # Increased from 512 to allow for more detail
    if max(I.shape[:2]) > max_size:
        scale = max_size / max(I.shape[:2])
        new_size = (int(I.shape[1] * scale), int(I.shape[0] * scale))
        I = cv2.resize(I, new_size, interpolation=cv2.INTER_AREA)
        print(f"Downsampled image to {I.shape}")

    ##################################
    #    Transformation Functions    #
    ##################################

    def pinch(x, y):
        r = np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2)
        return r

    def zoom(x, y):
        return x**2 + y**2

    def shift(x, y):
        return np.arctan2(y, x)

    def bulge(x, y):
        r = -np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2)
        return r 

    def spiral(x, y, frequency=1):
        r = np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2)
        theta = np.arctan2(y, x)
        return r * np.sin(theta - frequency * r)

    rng = np.random.default_rng()
    if randomization_check:
        radius, location, strength, edge_smoothness = definitions(rng)
        center_x, center_y = location
        center_smoothness = edge_smoothness
    else:
        edge_smoothness, center_smoothness = smooth(rng, strength)

    if func_choice == "Pinch":
        func = pinch
        edge_smoothness = 0
        center_smoothness = 0

    elif func_choice == "Spiral":
        func = shift 
        edge_smoothness = 0
        center_smoothness = 0

    elif func_choice == "Bulge":
        func = bulge
        edge_smoothness = 0
        center_smoothness = 0
    elif func_choice == "Volcano":
        func = bulge
        edge_smoothness = 0
        center_smoothness = 0

    elif func_choice == "Shift Up":
        func = lambda x, y: spiral(x, y, frequency=spiral_frequency)
        edge_smoothness = 0
        center_smoothness = 0


    print(f"Function choice: {func_choice}")
    print(f"Input image shape: {I.shape}")
    print(f"Radius: {radius}, Center: ({center_x}, {center_y}), Strength: {strength}")

    # strength = strength * 2  # This allows for stronger effects

    try:
        # Generate gradients
        gx, gy = generate_function_gradient(func, I.shape, radius, (center_x, center_y), strength, edge_smoothness, center_smoothness)
        
        # Vectorized transformation
        rows, cols = I.shape[:2]
        y, x = np.mgrid[0:rows, 0:cols].astype(np.float32)
        
        x_new = x + gx
        y_new = y + gy
        
        x_new = np.clip(x_new, 0, cols - 1)
        y_new = np.clip(y_new, 0, rows - 1)
        
        transformed = cv2.remap(I, x_new, y_new, cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
        
        inv_gx, inv_gy = -gx, -gy
        x_inv = x + inv_gx
        y_inv = y + inv_gy
        x_inv = np.clip(x_inv, 0, cols - 1)
        y_inv = np.clip(y_inv, 0, rows - 1)
        
        inverse_transformed = cv2.remap(I, x_inv, y_inv, cv2.INTER_LINEAR)

        print(f"Transformed image shape: {transformed.shape}")
        print(f"Inverse transformed image shape: {inverse_transformed.shape}")
        
        vector_field = create_gradient_vector_field(gx, gy, I.shape[:2], reverse=reverse_gradient)
        inverted_vector_field = create_gradient_vector_field(inv_gx, inv_gy, I.shape[:2], reverse=False)
        
        print(f"Vector field shape: {vector_field.shape}")
        print(f"Inverted vector field shape: {inverted_vector_field.shape}")

        # If we downsampled earlier, upsample the results back to original size
        if max(I.shape[:2]) != max(np.asarray(Image.open(image)).shape[:2]):
            original_size = np.asarray(Image.open(image)).shape[:2][::-1]
            transformed = cv2.resize(transformed, original_size, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
            inverse_transformed = cv2.resize(inverse_transformed, original_size, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
            vector_field = cv2.resize(vector_field, original_size, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
            inverted_vector_field = cv2.resize(inverted_vector_field, original_size, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error in transformation: {str(e)}")
        traceback.print_exc()
        transformed = np.zeros_like(I)
        inverse_transformed = np.zeros_like(I)
        vector_field = np.zeros_like(I)
        inverted_vector_field = np.zeros_like(I)

    result = Image.fromarray(transformed)

    categories = ['Distorted', 'Maze']

    def clean_output(result_values):
        pred, idx, probs = result_values
        return dict(zip(categories, map(float, probs)))

    result_bias = learn_bias.predict(result)
    result_fresh = learn_fresh.predict(result)
    result_bias_final = clean_output(result_bias)
    result_fresh_final = clean_output(result_fresh)

    result_localization = model.predict(transformed, save=True)

    YOLO_image = predict_image(transformed, 0.5, 0.5)

    return transformed, YOLO_image, result_bias_final, result_fresh_final, vector_field, inverse_transformed, inverted_vector_field


demo = gr.Interface(
    fn=transform_image,
    inputs=[
        gr.Image(type="filepath"),
        gr.Dropdown(["Pinch", "Spiral", "Shift Up", "Bulge", "Volcano"], value="Volcano", label="Function"), 
        gr.Checkbox(label="Randomize inputs?"),
        gr.Slider(0, 0.5, value=0.25, label="Radius (as fraction of image size)"),
        gr.Slider(0, 1, value=0.5, label="Center X"),
        gr.Slider(0, 1, value=0.5, label="Center Y"),
        gr.Slider(0, 1, value=0.5, label="Strength"),
        # gr.Slider(0, 1, value=0.5, label="Edge Smoothness"),
        # gr.Slider(0, 0.5, value=0.1, label="Center Smoothness")
        # gr.Checkbox(label="Reverse Gradient Direction"),
    ],
    examples=[
        [np.asarray(Image.open("examples/1500_maze.jpg")), "Bulge", True, 0.25, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5],
        [np.asarray(Image.open("examples/2048_maze.jpg")), "Bulge", True, 0.25, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5],
        [np.asarray(Image.open("examples/2300_fresh.jpg")), "Bulge", True, 0.25, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5],
        [np.asarray(Image.open("examples/50_fresh.jpg")), "Bulge", True, 0.25, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5]
    ],
    outputs=[
        gr.Image(label="Transformed Image"),
        gr.Image(label="YOLO Classification"),
        gr.Label(),
        gr.Label(),
        gr.Image(label="Gradient Vector Field"),
        gr.Image(label="Inverse Gradient"),
        gr.Image(label="Inverted Vector Field"),
    ],
    title="Image Transformation Demo!",
    article="If you like this demo, please star the github repository for the project! Located [here!](https://github.com/nick-leland/DistortionML)",
    description="This is the baseline function that will be used to generate the database for a machine learning model I am working on called 'DistortionMl'! The goal of this model is to detect and then reverse image transformations that can be generated here!\nYou can read more about the project at [this repository link](https://github.com/nick-leland/DistortionML). The main function that I was working on is the 'Bulge'/'Volcano' function, I can't really guarantee that the others work as well!\nI have just added the first baseline ML model to detect if a distortion has taken place! It was only trained on mazes though ([Dataset Here](https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/nickleland/distorted-mazes)) so in order for it to detect a distortion you have to use one of the images provided in the examples! Feel free to mess around wtih other images in the meantime though!"
)

demo.launch(share=True)