InternVL3-1B GGUF Models

Model Generation Details

This model was generated using llama.cpp at commit ea1431b0.

Choosing the Right Model Format

Selecting the correct model format depends on your hardware capabilities and memory constraints.

BF16 (Brain Float 16) – Use if BF16 acceleration is available

A 16-bit floating-point format designed for faster computation while retaining good precision.
Provides similar dynamic range as FP32 but with lower memory usage.
Recommended if your hardware supports BF16 acceleration (check your device's specs).
Ideal for high-performance inference with reduced memory footprint compared to FP32.

📌 Use BF16 if:
✔ Your hardware has native BF16 support (e.g., newer GPUs, TPUs).
✔ You want higher precision while saving memory.
✔ You plan to requantize the model into another format.

📌 Avoid BF16 if:
❌ Your hardware does not support BF16 (it may fall back to FP32 and run slower).
❌ You need compatibility with older devices that lack BF16 optimization.

F16 (Float 16) – More widely supported than BF16

A 16-bit floating-point high precision but with less of range of values than BF16.
Works on most devices with FP16 acceleration support (including many GPUs and some CPUs).
Slightly lower numerical precision than BF16 but generally sufficient for inference.

📌 Use F16 if:
✔ Your hardware supports FP16 but not BF16.
✔ You need a balance between speed, memory usage, and accuracy.
✔ You are running on a GPU or another device optimized for FP16 computations.

📌 Avoid F16 if:
❌ Your device lacks native FP16 support (it may run slower than expected).
❌ You have memory limitations.

Quantized Models (Q4_K, Q6_K, Q8, etc.) – For CPU & Low-VRAM Inference

Quantization reduces model size and memory usage while maintaining as much accuracy as possible.

Lower-bit models (Q4_K) → Best for minimal memory usage, may have lower precision.
Higher-bit models (Q6_K, Q8_0) → Better accuracy, requires more memory.

📌 Use Quantized Models if:
✔ You are running inference on a CPU and need an optimized model.
✔ Your device has low VRAM and cannot load full-precision models.
✔ You want to reduce memory footprint while keeping reasonable accuracy.

📌 Avoid Quantized Models if:
❌ You need maximum accuracy (full-precision models are better for this).
❌ Your hardware has enough VRAM for higher-precision formats (BF16/F16).

Very Low-Bit Quantization (IQ3_XS, IQ3_S, IQ3_M, Q4_K, Q4_0)

These models are optimized for extreme memory efficiency, making them ideal for low-power devices or large-scale deployments where memory is a critical constraint.

IQ3_XS: Ultra-low-bit quantization (3-bit) with extreme memory efficiency.
- Use case: Best for ultra-low-memory devices where even Q4_K is too large.
- Trade-off: Lower accuracy compared to higher-bit quantizations.
IQ3_S: Small block size for maximum memory efficiency.
- Use case: Best for low-memory devices where IQ3_XS is too aggressive.
IQ3_M: Medium block size for better accuracy than IQ3_S.
- Use case: Suitable for low-memory devices where IQ3_S is too limiting.
Q4_K: 4-bit quantization with block-wise optimization for better accuracy.
- Use case: Best for low-memory devices where Q6_K is too large.
Q4_0: Pure 4-bit quantization, optimized for ARM devices.
- Use case: Best for ARM-based devices or low-memory environments.

Summary Table: Model Format Selection

Model Format	Precision	Memory Usage	Device Requirements	Best Use Case
BF16	Highest	High	BF16-supported GPU/CPUs	High-speed inference with reduced memory
F16	High	High	FP16-supported devices	GPU inference when BF16 isn't available
Q4_K	Medium Low	Low	CPU or Low-VRAM devices	Best for memory-constrained environments
Q6_K	Medium	Moderate	CPU with more memory	Better accuracy while still being quantized
Q8_0	High	Moderate	CPU or GPU with enough VRAM	Best accuracy among quantized models
IQ3_XS	Very Low	Very Low	Ultra-low-memory devices	Extreme memory efficiency and low accuracy
Q4_0	Low	Low	ARM or low-memory devices	llama.cpp can optimize for ARM devices

Included Files & Details

`InternVL3-1B-bf16.gguf`

Model weights preserved in BF16.
Use this if you want to requantize the model into a different format.
Best if your device supports BF16 acceleration.

`InternVL3-1B-f16.gguf`

Model weights stored in F16.
Use if your device supports FP16, especially if BF16 is not available.

`InternVL3-1B-bf16-q8_0.gguf`

Output & embeddings remain in BF16.
All other layers quantized to Q8_0.
Use if your device supports BF16 and you want a quantized version.

`InternVL3-1B-f16-q8_0.gguf`

Output & embeddings remain in F16.
All other layers quantized to Q8_0.

`InternVL3-1B-q4_k.gguf`

Output & embeddings quantized to Q8_0.
All other layers quantized to Q4_K.
Good for CPU inference with limited memory.

`InternVL3-1B-q4_k_s.gguf`

Smallest Q4_K variant, using less memory at the cost of accuracy.
Best for very low-memory setups.

`InternVL3-1B-q6_k.gguf`

Output & embeddings quantized to Q8_0.
All other layers quantized to Q6_K .

`InternVL3-1B-q8_0.gguf`

Fully Q8 quantized model for better accuracy.
Requires more memory but offers higher precision.

`InternVL3-1B-iq3_xs.gguf`

IQ3_XS quantization, optimized for extreme memory efficiency.
Best for ultra-low-memory devices.

`InternVL3-1B-iq3_m.gguf`

IQ3_M quantization, offering a medium block size for better accuracy.
Suitable for low-memory devices.

`InternVL3-1B-q4_0.gguf`

Pure Q4_0 quantization, optimized for ARM devices.
Best for low-memory environments.
Prefer IQ4_NL for better accuracy.

🚀 If you find these models useful

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InternVL3-1B

[📂 GitHub] [📜 InternVL 1.0] [📜 InternVL 1.5] [📜 InternVL 2.5] [📜 InternVL2.5-MPO] [📜 InternVL3]

[🆕 Blog] [🗨️ Chat Demo] [🤗 HF Demo] [🚀 Quick Start] [📖 Documents]

Introduction

We introduce InternVL3, an advanced multimodal large language model (MLLM) series that demonstrates superior overall performance. Compared to InternVL 2.5, InternVL3 exhibits superior multimodal perception and reasoning capabilities, while further extending its multimodal capabilities to encompass tool usage, GUI agents, industrial image analysis, 3D vision perception, and more. Additionally, we compare InternVL3 with Qwen2.5 Chat models, whose corresponding pre-trained base models are employed as the initialization of the langauge component in InternVL3. Benefitting from Native Multimodal Pre-Training, the InternVL3 series achieves even better overall text performance than the Qwen2.5 series.

InternVL3 Family

In the following table, we provide an overview of the InternVL3 series.

Model Name	Vision Part	Language Part	HF Link
InternVL3-1B	InternViT-300M-448px-V2_5	Qwen2.5-0.5B	🤗 link
InternVL3-2B	InternViT-300M-448px-V2_5	Qwen2.5-1.5B	🤗 link
InternVL3-8B	InternViT-300M-448px-V2_5	Qwen2.5-7B	🤗 link
InternVL3-9B	InternViT-300M-448px-V2_5	internlm3-8b-instruct	🤗 link
InternVL3-14B	InternViT-300M-448px-V2_5	Qwen2.5-14B	🤗 link
InternVL3-38B	InternViT-6B-448px-V2_5	Qwen2.5-32B	🤗 link
InternVL3-78B	InternViT-6B-448px-V2_5	Qwen2.5-72B	🤗 link

Model Architecture

As shown in the following figure, InternVL3 retains the same model architecture as InternVL 2.5 and its predecessors, InternVL 1.5 and 2.0, following the "ViT-MLP-LLM" paradigm. In this new version, we integrate a newly incrementally pre-trained InternViT with various pre-trained LLMs, including InternLM 3 and Qwen 2.5, using a randomly initialized MLP projector.

As in the previous version, we applied a pixel unshuffle operation, reducing the number of visual tokens to one-quarter of the original. Besides, we adopted a similar dynamic resolution strategy as InternVL 1.5, dividing images into tiles of 448×448 pixels. The key difference, starting from InternVL 2.0, is that we additionally introduced support for multi-image and video data.

Notably, in InternVL3, we integrate the Variable Visual Position Encoding (V2PE), which utilizes smaller, more flexible position increments for visual tokens. Benefiting from V2PE, InternVL3 exhibits better long context understanding capabilities compared to its predecessors.

Training Strategy

Native Multimodal Pre-Training

We propose a Native Multimodal Pre-Training approach that consolidates language and vision learning into a single pre-training stage. In contrast to standard paradigms that first train a language-only model and subsequently adapt it to handle additional modalities, our method interleaves multimodal data (e.g., image-text, video-text, or image-text interleaved sequences) with large-scale textual corpora. This unified training scheme allows the model to learn both linguistic and multimodal representations simultaneously, ultimately enhancing its capability to handle vision-language tasks without the need for separate alignment or bridging modules. Please see our paper for more details.

Supervised Fine-Tuning

In this phase, the techniques of random JPEG compression, square loss re-weighting, and multimodal data packing proposed in InternVL2.5 are also employed in the InternVL3 series. The main advancement of the SFT phase in InternVL3 compared to InternVL2.5 lies in the use of higher-quality and more diverse training data. Specifically, we further extend training samples for tool use, 3D scene understanding, GUI operations, long context tasks, video understanding, scientific diagrams, creative writing, and multimodal reasoning.

Mixed Preference Optimization

During Pre-training and SFT, the model is trained to predict the next token conditioned on previous ground-truth tokens. However, during inference, the model predicts each token based on its own prior outputs. This discrepancy between ground-truth tokens and model-predicted tokens introduces a distribution shift, which can impair the model’s Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning capabilities. To mitigate this issue, we employ MPO, which introduces additional supervision from both positive and negative samples to align the model response distribution with the ground-truth distribution, thereby improving reasoning performance. Specifically, the training objective of MPO is a combination of preference loss $\mathcal{L}_{\text{p}}$ , quality loss $\mathcal{L}_{\text{q}}$ , and generation loss $\mathcal{L}_{\text{g}}$ , which can be formulated as follows:

$\mathcal{L}=w_{p}\cdot\mathcal{L}_{\text{p}} + w_{q}\cdot\mathcal{L}_{\text{q}} + w_{g}\cdot\mathcal{L}_{\text{g}},$

where $w_{*}$ represents the weight assigned to each loss component. Please see our paper for more details about MPO.

Test-Time Scaling

Test-Time Scaling has been shown to be an effective method to enhance the reasoning abilities of LLMs and MLLMs. In this work, we use the Best-of-N evaluation strategy and employ VisualPRM-8B as the critic model to select the best response for reasoning and mathematics evaluation.

Evaluation on Multimodal Capability

Multimodal Reasoning and Mathematics

OCR, Chart, and Document Understanding

Multi-Image & Real-World Comprehension

Comprehensive Multimodal & Hallucination Evaluation

Visual Grounding

Multimodal Multilingual Understanding

Video Understanding

GUI Grounding

Spatial Reasoning

Evaluation on Language Capability

We compare InternVL3 with Qwen2.5 Chat models, whose corresponding pre-trained base models are employed as the initialization of the langauge component in InternVL3. Benefitting from Native Multimodal Pre-Training, the InternVL3 series achieves even better overall text performance than the Qwen2.5 series. Please note that the evaluation scores of Qwen2.5 series may differ from those officially reported, as we have adopted the prompt versions provided in the table across all datasets for OpenCompass evaluation.

Ablation Study

Native Multimodal Pre-Training

We conduct experiments on the InternVL2-8B model while keeping its architecture, initialization parameters, and training data entirely unchanged. Traditionally, InternVL2-8B employs a training pipeline that begins with an MLP warmup phase for feature alignment followed by an Instruction Tuning stage. In our experiments, we substitute the conventional MLP warmup phase with a native multimodal pre-training process. This modification isolates the contribution of native multimodal pre-training to the overall multimodal capability of the model.

The evaluation results in the Figure below shows that the model with native multimodal pre-training exhibits performance on most benchmarks that is comparable to the fully multi-stage-trained InternVL2-8B baseline. Furthermore, when followed by instruction tuning on higher-quality data, the model demonstrates further performance gains across evaluated multimodal tasks. These findings underscore the efficiency of native multimodal pre-training in imparting powerful multimodal capabilities to MLLMs.

Mixed Preference Optimization

As shown in the table below, models fine-tuned with MPO demonstrate superior reasoning performance across seven multimodal reasoning benchmarks compared to their counterparts without MPO. Specifically, InternVL3-78B and InternVL3-38B outperform their counterparts by 4.1 and 4.5 points, respectively. Notably, the training data used for MPO is a subset of that used for SFT, indicating that the performance improvements primarily stem from the training algorithm rather than the training data.

Variable Visual Position Encoding

As reported in the table below, the introduction of V2PE leads to significant performance gains across most evaluation metrics. In addition, our ablation studies—by varying the positional increment $\delta$ —reveal that even for tasks primarily involving conventional contexts, relatively small $\delta$ values can achieve optimal performance. These findings provide important insights for future efforts aimed at refining position encoding strategies for visual tokens in MLLMs.

Quick Start

We provide an example code to run InternVL3-1B using transformers.

Please use transformers>=4.37.2 to ensure the model works normally.

Model Loading

16-bit (bf16 / fp16)

import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL3-1B"
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    use_flash_attn=True,
    trust_remote_code=True).eval().cuda()

BNB 8-bit Quantization

import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL3-1B"
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    load_in_8bit=True,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    use_flash_attn=True,
    trust_remote_code=True).eval()

Multiple GPUs

The reason for writing the code this way is to avoid errors that occur during multi-GPU inference due to tensors not being on the same device. By ensuring that the first and last layers of the large language model (LLM) are on the same device, we prevent such errors.

import math
import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel

def split_model(model_name):
    device_map = {}
    world_size = torch.cuda.device_count()
    config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=True)
    num_layers = config.llm_config.num_hidden_layers
    # Since the first GPU will be used for ViT, treat it as half a GPU.
    num_layers_per_gpu = math.ceil(num_layers / (world_size - 0.5))
    num_layers_per_gpu = [num_layers_per_gpu] * world_size
    num_layers_per_gpu[0] = math.ceil(num_layers_per_gpu[0] * 0.5)
    layer_cnt = 0
    for i, num_layer in enumerate(num_layers_per_gpu):
        for j in range(num_layer):
            device_map[f'language_model.model.layers.{layer_cnt}'] = i
            layer_cnt += 1
    device_map['vision_model'] = 0
    device_map['mlp1'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.model.tok_embeddings'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.model.embed_tokens'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.output'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.model.norm'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.model.rotary_emb'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.lm_head'] = 0
    device_map[f'language_model.model.layers.{num_layers - 1}'] = 0

    return device_map

path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL3-1B"
device_map = split_model('InternVL3-1B')
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    use_flash_attn=True,
    trust_remote_code=True,
    device_map=device_map).eval()

Inference with Transformers

import math
import numpy as np
import torch
import torchvision.transforms as T
from decord import VideoReader, cpu
from PIL import Image
from torchvision.transforms.functional import InterpolationMode
from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer

IMAGENET_MEAN = (0.485, 0.456, 0.406)
IMAGENET_STD = (0.229, 0.224, 0.225)

def build_transform(input_size):
    MEAN, STD = IMAGENET_MEAN, IMAGENET_STD
    transform = T.Compose([
        T.Lambda(lambda img: img.convert('RGB') if img.mode != 'RGB' else img),
        T.Resize((input_size, input_size), interpolation=InterpolationMode.BICUBIC),
        T.ToTensor(),
        T.Normalize(mean=MEAN, std=STD)
    ])
    return transform

def find_closest_aspect_ratio(aspect_ratio, target_ratios, width, height, image_size):
    best_ratio_diff = float('inf')
    best_ratio = (1, 1)
    area = width * height
    for ratio in target_ratios:
        target_aspect_ratio = ratio[0] / ratio[1]
        ratio_diff = abs(aspect_ratio - target_aspect_ratio)
        if ratio_diff < best_ratio_diff:
            best_ratio_diff = ratio_diff
            best_ratio = ratio
        elif ratio_diff == best_ratio_diff:
            if area > 0.5 * image_size * image_size * ratio[0] * ratio[1]:
                best_ratio = ratio
    return best_ratio

def dynamic_preprocess(image, min_num=1, max_num=12, image_size=448, use_thumbnail=False):
    orig_width, orig_height = image.size
    aspect_ratio = orig_width / orig_height

    # calculate the existing image aspect ratio
    target_ratios = set(
        (i, j) for n in range(min_num, max_num + 1) for i in range(1, n + 1) for j in range(1, n + 1) if
        i * j <= max_num and i * j >= min_num)
    target_ratios = sorted(target_ratios, key=lambda x: x[0] * x[1])

    # find the closest aspect ratio to the target
    target_aspect_ratio = find_closest_aspect_ratio(
        aspect_ratio, target_ratios, orig_width, orig_height, image_size)

    # calculate the target width and height
    target_width = image_size * target_aspect_ratio[0]
    target_height = image_size * target_aspect_ratio[1]
    blocks = target_aspect_ratio[0] * target_aspect_ratio[1]

    # resize the image
    resized_img = image.resize((target_width, target_height))
    processed_images = []
    for i in range(blocks):
        box = (
            (i % (target_width // image_size)) * image_size,
            (i // (target_width // image_size)) * image_size,
            ((i % (target_width // image_size)) + 1) * image_size,
            ((i // (target_width // image_size)) + 1) * image_size
        )
        # split the image
        split_img = resized_img.crop(box)
        processed_images.append(split_img)
    assert len(processed_images) == blocks
    if use_thumbnail and len(processed_images) != 1:
        thumbnail_img = image.resize((image_size, image_size))
        processed_images.append(thumbnail_img)
    return processed_images

def load_image(image_file, input_size=448, max_num=12):
    image = Image.open(image_file).convert('RGB')
    transform = build_transform(input_size=input_size)
    images = dynamic_preprocess(image, image_size=input_size, use_thumbnail=True, max_num=max_num)
    pixel_values = [transform(image) for image in images]
    pixel_values = torch.stack(pixel_values)
    return pixel_values

def split_model(model_name):
    device_map = {}
    world_size = torch.cuda.device_count()
    config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=True)
    num_layers = config.llm_config.num_hidden_layers
    # Since the first GPU will be used for ViT, treat it as half a GPU.
    num_layers_per_gpu = math.ceil(num_layers / (world_size - 0.5))
    num_layers_per_gpu = [num_layers_per_gpu] * world_size
    num_layers_per_gpu[0] = math.ceil(num_layers_per_gpu[0] * 0.5)
    layer_cnt = 0
    for i, num_layer in enumerate(num_layers_per_gpu):
        for j in range(num_layer):
            device_map[f'language_model.model.layers.{layer_cnt}'] = i
            layer_cnt += 1
    device_map['vision_model'] = 0
    device_map['mlp1'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.model.tok_embeddings'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.model.embed_tokens'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.output'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.model.norm'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.model.rotary_emb'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.lm_head'] = 0
    device_map[f'language_model.model.layers.{num_layers - 1}'] = 0

    return device_map

# If you set `load_in_8bit=True`, you will need two 80GB GPUs.
# If you set `load_in_8bit=False`, you will need at least three 80GB GPUs.
path = 'OpenGVLab/InternVL3-1B'
device_map = split_model('InternVL3-1B')
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    load_in_8bit=False,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    use_flash_attn=True,
    trust_remote_code=True,
    device_map=device_map).eval()
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(path, trust_remote_code=True, use_fast=False)

# set the max number of tiles in `max_num`
pixel_values = load_image('./examples/image1.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
generation_config = dict(max_new_tokens=1024, do_sample=True)

# pure-text conversation (纯文本对话)
question = 'Hello, who are you?'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, None, question, generation_config, history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

question = 'Can you tell me a story?'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, None, question, generation_config, history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

# single-image single-round conversation (单图单轮对话)
question = '<image>\nPlease describe the image shortly.'
response = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

# single-image multi-round conversation (单图多轮对话)
question = '<image>\nPlease describe the image in detail.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config, history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

question = 'Please write a poem according to the image.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config, history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

# multi-image multi-round conversation, combined images (多图多轮对话，拼接图像)
pixel_values1 = load_image('./examples/image1.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values2 = load_image('./examples/image2.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values = torch.cat((pixel_values1, pixel_values2), dim=0)

question = '<image>\nDescribe the two images in detail.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

question = 'What are the similarities and differences between these two images.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

# multi-image multi-round conversation, separate images (多图多轮对话，独立图像)
pixel_values1 = load_image('./examples/image1.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values2 = load_image('./examples/image2.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values = torch.cat((pixel_values1, pixel_values2), dim=0)
num_patches_list = [pixel_values1.size(0), pixel_values2.size(0)]

question = 'Image-1: <image>\nImage-2: <image>\nDescribe the two images in detail.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               num_patches_list=num_patches_list,
                               history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

question = 'What are the similarities and differences between these two images.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               num_patches_list=num_patches_list,
                               history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

# batch inference, single image per sample (单图批处理)
pixel_values1 = load_image('./examples/image1.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values2 = load_image('./examples/image2.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
num_patches_list = [pixel_values1.size(0), pixel_values2.size(0)]
pixel_values = torch.cat((pixel_values1, pixel_values2), dim=0)

questions = ['<image>\nDescribe the image in detail.'] * len(num_patches_list)
responses = model.batch_chat(tokenizer, pixel_values,
                             num_patches_list=num_patches_list,
                             questions=questions,
                             generation_config=generation_config)
for question, response in zip(questions, responses):
    print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

# video multi-round conversation (视频多轮对话)
def get_index(bound, fps, max_frame, first_idx=0, num_segments=32):
    if bound:
        start, end = bound[0], bound[1]
    else:
        start, end = -100000, 100000
    start_idx = max(first_idx, round(start * fps))
    end_idx = min(round(end * fps), max_frame)
    seg_size = float(end_idx - start_idx) / num_segments
    frame_indices = np.array([
        int(start_idx + (seg_size / 2) + np.round(seg_size * idx))
        for idx in range(num_segments)
    ])
    return frame_indices

def load_video(video_path, bound=None, input_size=448, max_num=1, num_segments=32):
    vr = VideoReader(video_path, ctx=cpu(0), num_threads=1)
    max_frame = len(vr) - 1
    fps = float(vr.get_avg_fps())

    pixel_values_list, num_patches_list = [], []
    transform = build_transform(input_size=input_size)
    frame_indices = get_index(bound, fps, max_frame, first_idx=0, num_segments=num_segments)
    for frame_index in frame_indices:
        img = Image.fromarray(vr[frame_index].asnumpy()).convert('RGB')
        img = dynamic_preprocess(img, image_size=input_size, use_thumbnail=True, max_num=max_num)
        pixel_values = [transform(tile) for tile in img]
        pixel_values = torch.stack(pixel_values)
        num_patches_list.append(pixel_values.shape[0])
        pixel_values_list.append(pixel_values)
    pixel_values = torch.cat(pixel_values_list)
    return pixel_values, num_patches_list

video_path = './examples/red-panda.mp4'
pixel_values, num_patches_list = load_video(video_path, num_segments=8, max_num=1)
pixel_values = pixel_values.to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
video_prefix = ''.join([f'Frame{i+1}: <image>\n' for i in range(len(num_patches_list))])
question = video_prefix + 'What is the red panda doing?'
# Frame1: <image>\nFrame2: <image>\n...\nFrame8: <image>\n{question}
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               num_patches_list=num_patches_list, history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

question = 'Describe this video in detail.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               num_patches_list=num_patches_list, history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

Streaming Output

Besides this method, you can also use the following code to get streamed output.

from transformers import TextIteratorStreamer
from threading import Thread

# Initialize the streamer
streamer = TextIteratorStreamer(tokenizer, skip_prompt=True, skip_special_tokens=True, timeout=10)
# Define the generation configuration
generation_config = dict(max_new_tokens=1024, do_sample=False, streamer=streamer)
# Start the model chat in a separate thread
thread = Thread(target=model.chat, kwargs=dict(
    tokenizer=tokenizer, pixel_values=pixel_values, question=question,
    history=None, return_history=False, generation_config=generation_config,
))
thread.start()

# Initialize an empty string to store the generated text
generated_text = ''
# Loop through the streamer to get the new text as it is generated
for new_text in streamer:
    if new_text == model.conv_template.sep:
        break
    generated_text += new_text
    print(new_text, end='', flush=True)  # Print each new chunk of generated text on the same line

Finetune

Many repositories now support fine-tuning of the InternVL series models, including InternVL, SWIFT, XTurner, and others. Please refer to their documentation for more details on fine-tuning.

Deployment

LMDeploy

LMDeploy is a toolkit for compressing, deploying, and serving LLMs & VLMs.

# if lmdeploy<0.7.3, you need to explicitly set chat_template_config=ChatTemplateConfig(model_name='internvl2_5')
pip install lmdeploy>=0.7.3

LMDeploy abstracts the complex inference process of multi-modal Vision-Language Models (VLM) into an easy-to-use pipeline, similar to the Large Language Model (LLM) inference pipeline.

A 'Hello, world' Example

from lmdeploy import pipeline, TurbomindEngineConfig, ChatTemplateConfig
from lmdeploy.vl import load_image

model = 'OpenGVLab/InternVL3-1B'
image = load_image('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-mmlab/mmdeploy/main/tests/data/tiger.jpeg')
pipe = pipeline(model, backend_config=TurbomindEngineConfig(session_len=16384, tp=1), chat_template_config=ChatTemplateConfig(model_name='internvl2_5'))
response = pipe(('describe this image', image))
print(response.text)

If ImportError occurs while executing this case, please install the required dependency packages as prompted.

Multi-images Inference

When dealing with multiple images, you can put them all in one list. Keep in mind that multiple images will lead to a higher number of input tokens, and as a result, the size of the context window typically needs to be increased.

from lmdeploy import pipeline, TurbomindEngineConfig, ChatTemplateConfig
from lmdeploy.vl import load_image
from lmdeploy.vl.constants import IMAGE_TOKEN

model = 'OpenGVLab/InternVL3-1B'
pipe = pipeline(model, backend_config=TurbomindEngineConfig(session_len=16384, tp=1), chat_template_config=ChatTemplateConfig(model_name='internvl2_5'))

image_urls=[
    'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-mmlab/mmdeploy/main/demo/resources/human-pose.jpg',
    'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-mmlab/mmdeploy/main/demo/resources/det.jpg'
]

images = [load_image(img_url) for img_url in image_urls]
# Numbering images improves multi-image conversations
response = pipe((f'Image-1: {IMAGE_TOKEN}\nImage-2: {IMAGE_TOKEN}\ndescribe these two images', images))
print(response.text)

Batch Prompts Inference

Conducting inference with batch prompts is quite straightforward; just place them within a list structure:

from lmdeploy import pipeline, TurbomindEngineConfig, ChatTemplateConfig
from lmdeploy.vl import load_image

model = 'OpenGVLab/InternVL3-1B'
pipe = pipeline(model, backend_config=TurbomindEngineConfig(session_len=16384, tp=1), chat_template_config=ChatTemplateConfig(model_name='internvl2_5'))

image_urls=[
    "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-mmlab/mmdeploy/main/demo/resources/human-pose.jpg",
    "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-mmlab/mmdeploy/main/demo/resources/det.jpg"
]
prompts = [('describe this image', load_image(img_url)) for img_url in image_urls]
response = pipe(prompts)
print(response)

Multi-turn Conversation

There are two ways to do the multi-turn conversations with the pipeline. One is to construct messages according to the format of OpenAI and use above introduced method, the other is to use the pipeline.chat interface.

from lmdeploy import pipeline, TurbomindEngineConfig, GenerationConfig, ChatTemplateConfig
from lmdeploy.vl import load_image

model = 'OpenGVLab/InternVL3-1B'
pipe = pipeline(model, backend_config=TurbomindEngineConfig(session_len=16384, tp=1), chat_template_config=ChatTemplateConfig(model_name='internvl2_5'))

image = load_image('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-mmlab/mmdeploy/main/demo/resources/human-pose.jpg')
gen_config = GenerationConfig(top_k=40, top_p=0.8, temperature=0.8)
sess = pipe.chat(('describe this image', image), gen_config=gen_config)
print(sess.response.text)
sess = pipe.chat('What is the woman doing?', session=sess, gen_config=gen_config)
print(sess.response.text)

Service

LMDeploy's api_server enables models to be easily packed into services with a single command. The provided RESTful APIs are compatible with OpenAI's interfaces. Below are an example of service startup:

lmdeploy serve api_server OpenGVLab/InternVL3-1B --chat-template internvl2_5 --server-port 23333 --tp 1

To use the OpenAI-style interface, you need to install OpenAI:

pip install openai

Then, use the code below to make the API call:

from openai import OpenAI

client = OpenAI(api_key='YOUR_API_KEY', base_url='http://0.0.0.0:23333/v1')
model_name = client.models.list().data[0].id
response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model=model_name,
    messages=[{
        'role':
        'user',
        'content': [{
            'type': 'text',
            'text': 'describe this image',
        }, {
            'type': 'image_url',
            'image_url': {
                'url':
                'https://modelscope.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/resource/tiger.jpeg',
            },
        }],
    }],
    temperature=0.8,
    top_p=0.8)
print(response)

License

This project is released under the MIT License. This project uses the pre-trained Qwen2.5 as a component, which is licensed under the Apache-2.0 License.

Citation

If you find this project useful in your research, please consider citing:

@article{chen2024expanding,
  title={Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scaling},
  author={Chen, Zhe and Wang, Weiyun and Cao, Yue and Liu, Yangzhou and Gao, Zhangwei and Cui, Erfei and Zhu, Jinguo and Ye, Shenglong and Tian, Hao and Liu, Zhaoyang and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.05271},
  year={2024}
}
@article{wang2024mpo,
  title={Enhancing the Reasoning Ability of Multimodal Large Language Models via Mixed Preference Optimization},
  author={Wang, Weiyun and Chen, Zhe and Wang, Wenhai and Cao, Yue and Liu, Yangzhou and Gao, Zhangwei and Zhu, Jinguo and Zhu, Xizhou and Lu, Lewei and Qiao, Yu and Dai, Jifeng},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.10442},
  year={2024}
}
@article{chen2024far,
  title={How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suites},
  author={Chen, Zhe and Wang, Weiyun and Tian, Hao and Ye, Shenglong and Gao, Zhangwei and Cui, Erfei and Tong, Wenwen and Hu, Kongzhi and Luo, Jiapeng and Ma, Zheng and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.16821},
  year={2024}
}
@inproceedings{chen2024internvl,
  title={Internvl: Scaling up vision foundation models and aligning for generic visual-linguistic tasks},
  author={Chen, Zhe and Wu, Jiannan and Wang, Wenhai and Su, Weijie and Chen, Guo and Xing, Sen and Zhong, Muyan and Zhang, Qinglong and Zhu, Xizhou and Lu, Lewei and others},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  pages={24185--24198},
  year={2024}
}

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BF16 (Brain Float 16) – Use if BF16 acceleration is available

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Summary Table: Model Format Selection

Included Files & Details

InternVL3-1B-bf16.gguf

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InternVL3-1B

Introduction

InternVL3 Family

Model Architecture

Training Strategy

Native Multimodal Pre-Training

Supervised Fine-Tuning

Mixed Preference Optimization

Test-Time Scaling

Evaluation on Multimodal Capability

Multimodal Reasoning and Mathematics

OCR, Chart, and Document Understanding

Multi-Image & Real-World Comprehension

Comprehensive Multimodal & Hallucination Evaluation

Visual Grounding

Multimodal Multilingual Understanding

Video Understanding

GUI Grounding

Spatial Reasoning

Evaluation on Language Capability

Ablation Study

Native Multimodal Pre-Training

Mixed Preference Optimization

Variable Visual Position Encoding

Quick Start

Model Loading

16-bit (bf16 / fp16)

BNB 8-bit Quantization

Multiple GPUs

Inference with Transformers

Streaming Output

Finetune

Deployment

LMDeploy

A 'Hello, world' Example

Multi-images Inference

Batch Prompts Inference

Multi-turn Conversation

Service

License

Citation

Model tree for Mungert/InternVL3-1B-GGUF

Dataset used to train Mungert/InternVL3-1B-GGUF

`InternVL3-1B-bf16.gguf`

`InternVL3-1B-f16.gguf`

`InternVL3-1B-bf16-q8_0.gguf`

`InternVL3-1B-f16-q8_0.gguf`

`InternVL3-1B-q4_k.gguf`

`InternVL3-1B-q4_k_s.gguf`

`InternVL3-1B-q6_k.gguf`

`InternVL3-1B-q8_0.gguf`

`InternVL3-1B-iq3_xs.gguf`

`InternVL3-1B-iq3_m.gguf`

`InternVL3-1B-q4_0.gguf`