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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Computer tomography view showing air in the frontal region of the cranial cavity. | gox-2-e273-g001 | 7 | 85f5a7c78b9cb62590d6031f2d6e911304b610f0f12c37d32463851542c369d0 | gox-2-e273-g001.jpg | multiple | multiple panels: images | [
"Clinical Imaging"
] | [
"computerized tomography"
] | [
800,
858
] | [{'image_id': 'gox-2-e273-g002', 'image_file_name': 'gox-2-e273-g002.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC4292255/gox-2-e273-g002.jpg', 'caption': 'Computer tomography view showing air in the temporal region of the cranial cavity.', 'hash': 'e3f3fb803e55e7d5c034cc958f7c9e1be42ac9313620454749cbf4b433cd7679'}, {'image_id': 'gox-2-e273-g001', 'image_file_name': 'gox-2-e273-g001.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC4292255/gox-2-e273-g001.jpg', 'caption': 'Computer tomography view showing air in the frontal region of the cranial cavity.', 'hash': '85f5a7c78b9cb62590d6031f2d6e911304b610f0f12c37d32463851542c369d0'}] | {'gox-2-e273-g001': ['Four days postoperatively, she was presented to emergency room with complaints of frontal headache. She gave history of cough and excessive sneezing from second postoperative day. The Emergency Room physician examined her and saw no obvious reason for headache except the Silastic nasal splints. He advised her stronger pain medication and asked her to return if there was no improvement. The patient returned the following day with unbearable headache, 2 attacks of projectile vomiting. No fever, visual problems, nasal discharge, postnasal drip, or other neurological complaints. Her Silastic sheets were removed, emergency computer tomography scan was done showing frontal lobe pneumocephalus (Figs. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="gox-2-e273-g001">1</xref>, , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="gox-2-e273-g002">2</xref>), and emergency neurosurgical consult was taken, who decided to place a lumbar drain. The patient was admitted under the neurosurgery care and a lumbar drain was put and she was placed in semirecumbent position. No CSF leak was seen on diagnostic endoscopic examination.), and emergency neurosurgical consult was taken, who decided to place a lumbar drain. The patient was admitted under the neurosurgery care and a lumbar drain was put and she was placed in semirecumbent position. No CSF leak was seen on diagnostic endoscopic examination.']} | A Rare Complication of Septorhinoplasty | null | Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open | 1420704000 | Although ADP release is the rate limiting step in product turnover by protein kinase A, the steps and motions involved in this process are not well resolved. Here we report the apo and ADP bound structures of the myristylated catalytic subunit of PKA at 2.9 and 3.5 Å resolution, respectively. The ADP bound structure adopts a conformation that does not conform to the previously characterized open, closed, or intermediate states. In the ADP bound structure, the C-terminal tail and Gly-rich loop are more closed than in the open state adopted in the apo structure but are also much more open than the intermediate or closed conformations. Furthermore, ADP binds at the active site with only one magnesium ion, termed Mg2 from previous structures. These structures thus support a model where ADP release proceeds through release of the substrate and Mg1 followed by lifting of the Gly-rich loop and disengagement of the C-terminal tail. Coupling of these two structural elements with the release of the first metal ion fills in a key step in the catalytic cycle that has been missing and supports an ensemble of correlated conformational states that mediate the full catalytic cycle for a protein kinase. | [
"Catalysis",
"Crystallization",
"Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases",
"Protein Structure, Secondary",
"Protein Structure, Tertiary",
"Protein Subunits"
] | other | PMC4292255 | null | 45 | [
"{'Citation': 'Manning G.; Whyte D. B.; Martinez R.; Hunter T.; Sudarsanam S. (2002) The protein kinase complement of the human genome. Science 298, 1912–1934.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '12471243'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Johnson D. A.; Akamine P.; Radzio-Andzelm E.; Madhusudan M.; Taylor S. S. (2001) Dynamics of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Chem. Rev. 101, 2243–2270.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '11749372'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Kim C.; Cheng C. Y.; Saldanha S. A.; Taylor S. S. (2007) PKA-I holoenzyme structure reveals a mechanism for cAMP-dependent activation. Cell 130, 1032–1043.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '17889648'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Knighton D. R.; Zheng J. H.; Ten Eyck L. F.; Xuong N. H.; Taylor S. S.; Sowadski J. M. (1991) Structure of a peptide inhibitor bound to the catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. Science 253, 414–420.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '1862343'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Akamine P.; Madhusudan; Wu J.; Xuong N. H.; Ten Eyck L. F.; Taylor S. S. (2003) Dynamic features of cAMP-dependent protein kinase revealed by apoenzyme crystal structure. J. Mol. Biol. 327, 159–171.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '12614615'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Zheng J.; Knighton D. R.; Xuong N. H.; Taylor S. S.; Sowadski J. M.; Ten Eyck L. F. (1993) Crystal structures of the myristylated catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase reveal open and closed conformations. Protein Sci. 2, 1559–1573.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2142252'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '8251932'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Yang J.; Ten Eyck L. F.; Xuong N. H.; Taylor S. S. (2004) Crystal structure of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase mutant at 1.26A: New insights into the catalytic mechanism. J. Mol. Biol. 336, 473–487.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '14757059'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Narayana N.; Cox S.; Nguyen-huu X.; Ten Eyck L. F.; Taylor S. S. (1997) A binary complex of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and adenosine further defines conformational flexibility. Structure 5, 921–935.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '9261084'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Masterson L. R.; Shi L.; Metcalfe E.; Gao J.; Taylor S. S.; Veglia G. (2011) Dynamically committed, uncommitted, and quenched states encoded in protein kinase A revealed by NMR spectroscopy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108, 6969–6974.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC3084134'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '21471451'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Adams J. A. (2001) Kinetic and catalytic mechanisms of protein kinases. Chem. Rev. 101, 2271–2290.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '11749373'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Adams J. A.; Taylor S. S. (1993) Divalent metal ions influence catalysis and active-site accessibility in the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Protein Sci. 2, 2177–2186.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2142329'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '8298463'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Lew J.; Taylor S. S.; Adams J. A. (1997) Identification of a partially rate-determining step in the catalytic mechanism of cAMP-dependent protein kinase: A transient kinetic study using stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy. Biochemistry 36, 6717–6724.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '9184152'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Shaffer J.; Adams J. A. (1999) An ATP-linked structural change in protein kinase A precedes phosphoryl transfer under physiological magnesium concentrations. Biochemistry 38, 5572–5581.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '10220345'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Shaffer J.; Adams J. A. (1999) Detection of conformational changes along the kinetic pathway of protein kinase A using a catalytic trapping technique. Biochemistry 38, 12072–12079.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '10508411'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Cook P. F.; Neville M. E. Jr.; Vrana K. E.; Hartl F. T.; Roskoski R. Jr. (1982) Adenosine cyclic 3′,5′-monophosphate dependent protein kinase: Kinetic mechanism for the bovine skeletal muscle catalytic subunit. Biochemistry 21, 5794–5799.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '6295440'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Khavrutskii I. V.; Grant B.; Taylor S. S.; McCammon J. A. (2009) A transition path ensemble study reveals a linchpin role for Mg(2+) during rate-limiting ADP release from protein kinase A. Biochemistry 48, 11532–11545.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2789581'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '19886670'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Bossemeyer D.; Engh R. A.; Kinzel V.; Ponstingl H.; Huber R. (1993) Phosphotransferase and substrate binding mechanism of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit from porcine heart as deduced from the 2.0 A structure of the complex with Mn2+ adenylyl imidodiphosphate and inhibitor peptide PKI(5–24). EMBO J. 12, 849–859.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC413283'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '8384554'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Zheng J.; Knighton D. R.; ten Eyck L. F.; Karlsson R.; Xuong N.; Taylor S. S.; Sowadski J. M. (1993) Crystal structure of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase complexed with MgATP and peptide inhibitor. Biochemistry 32, 2154–2161.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '8443157'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Shaltiel S.; Cox S.; Taylor S. S. (1998) Conserved water molecules contribute to the extensive network of interactions at the active site of protein kinase A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95, 484–491.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC18446'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '9435218'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Kovalevsky A. Y.; Johnson H.; Hanson B. L.; Waltman M. J.; Fisher S. Z.; Taylor S.; Langan P. (2012) Low- and room-temperature X-ray structures of protein kinase A ternary complexes shed new light on its activity. Acta Crystallogr. D: Biol. Crystallogr. 68, 854–860.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC3388813'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '22751671'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Bao Z. Q.; Jacobsen D. M.; Young M. A. (2011) Briefly bound to activate: Transient binding of a second catalytic magnesium activates the structure and dynamics of CDK2 kinase for catalysis. Structure 19, 675–690.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC3462661'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '21565702'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Bastidas A. C.; Deal M. S.; Steichen J. M.; Guo Y.; Wu J.; Taylor S. S. (2013) Phosphoryl transfer by protein kinase a is captured in a crystal lattice. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 4788–4798.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC3663052'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '23458248'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Jacobsen D. M.; Bao Z. Q.; O’Brien P.; Brooks C. L. 3rd; Young M. A. (2012) Price to be paid for two-metal catalysis: Magnesium ions that accelerate chemistry unavoidably limit product release from a protein kinase. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 15357–15370.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC3446636'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '22891849'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Duronio R. J.; Jackson-Machelski E.; Heuckeroth R. O.; Olins P. O.; Devine C. S.; Yonemoto W.; Slice L. W.; Taylor S. S.; Gordon J. I. (1990) Protein N-myristoylation in Escherichia coli: reconstitution of a eukaryotic protein modification in bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 87, 1506–1510.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC53504'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '2406721'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Bastidas A. C.; Deal M. S.; Steichen J. M.; Keshwani M. M.; Guo Y.; Taylor S. S. (2012) Role of N-terminal myristylation in the structure and regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. J. Mol. Biol. 422, 215–229.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC3597442'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '22617327'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Battye T. G.; Kontogiannis L.; Johnson O.; Powell H. R.; Leslie A. G. (2011) iMOSFLM: A new graphical interface for diffraction-image processing with MOSFLM. Acta Crystallogr. D: Biol. Crystallogr. 67, 271–281.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC3069742'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '21460445'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'McCoy A. J.; Grosse-Kunstleve R. W.; Adams P. D.; Winn M. D.; Storoni L. C.; Read R. J. (2007) Phaser crystallographic software. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 40, 658–674.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2483472'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '19461840'}]}}",
"{'Citation': '(1994) The CCP4 suite: programs for protein crystallography. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. 50, 760–763.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '15299374'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Emsley P.; Cowtan K. (2004) Coot: model-building tools for molecular graphics. Acta Crystallogr. D: Biol. Crystallogr. 60, 2126–2132.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '15572765'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Davis I. W.; Leaver-Fay A.; Chen V. B.; Block J. N.; Kapral G. J.; Wang X.; Murray L. W.; Arendall W. B. 3rd; Snoeyink J.; Richardson J. S.; et al. (2007) MolProbity: All-atom contacts and structure validation for proteins and nucleic acids. Nucleic Acids Res. 35, W375–383.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC1933162'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '17452350'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Nelson N. C.; Taylor S. S. (1981) Differential labeling and identification of the cysteine-containing tryptic peptides of catalytic subunit from porcine heart cAMP-dependent protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 256, 3743–3750.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '6260776'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Batkin M.; Schvartz I.; Shaltiel S. (2000) Snapping of the carboxyl terminal tail of the catalytic subunit of PKA onto its core: Characterization of the sites by mutagenesis. Biochemistry 39, 5366–5373.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '10820007'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Yang J.; Kennedy E. J.; Wu J.; Deal M. S.; Pennypacker J.; Ghosh G.; Taylor S. S. (2009) Contribution of non-catalytic core residues to activity and regulation in protein kinase A. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 6241–6248.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2649094'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '19122195'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Kennedy E. J.; Yang J.; Pillus L.; Taylor S. S.; Ghosh G. (2009) Identifying Critical Non-Catalytic Residues that Modulate Protein Kinase A Activity. PLoS One 4(3), e474610.1371/journal.pone.0004746.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'doi', '#text': '10.1371/journal.pone.0004746'}, {'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2650257'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '19270744'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Hyeon C.; Jennings P. A.; Adams J. A.; Onuchic J. N. (2009) Ligand-induced global transitions in the catalytic domain of protein kinase A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106, 3023–3028.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2651249'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '19204278'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Kikani C. K.; Antonysamy S. A.; Bonanno J. B.; Romero R.; Zhang F. F.; Russell M.; Gheyi T.; Iizuka M.; Emtage S.; Sauder J. M.; et al. (2010) Structural bases of PAS domain-regulated kinase (PASK) activation in the absence of activation loop phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 41034–41043.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC3003402'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '20943661'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Lawrence H. R.; Martin M. P.; Luo Y.; Pireddu R.; Yang H.; Gevariya H.; Ozcan S.; Zhu J. Y.; Kendig R.; Rodriguez M.; et al. (2012) Development of o-chlorophenyl substituted pyrimidines as exceptionally potent aurora kinase inhibitors. J. Med. Chem. 55, 7392–7416.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC4429609'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '22803810'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Aoki M.; Yokota T.; Sugiura I.; Sasaki C.; Hasegawa T.; Okumura C.; Ishiguro K.; Kohno T.; Sugio S.; Matsuzaki T. (2004) Structural insight into nucleotide recognition in tau-protein kinase I/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta. Acta Crystallogr. D: Biol. Crystallogr. 60, 439–446.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '14993667'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Fischmann T. O.; Smith C. K.; Mayhood T. W.; Myers J. E.; Reichert P.; Mannarino A.; Carr D.; Zhu H.; Wong J.; Yang R. S.; et al. (2009) Crystal structures of MEK1 binary and ternary complexes with nucleotides and inhibitors. Biochemistry 48, 2661–2674.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '19161339'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Hughes S.; Elustondo F.; Di Fonzo A.; Leroux F. G.; Wong A. C.; Snijders A. P.; Matthews S. J.; Cherepanov P. (2012) Crystal structure of human CDC7 kinase in complex with its activator DBF4. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 19, 1101–1107.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '23064647'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'McNamara L. K.; Watterson D. M.; Brunzelle J. S. (2009) Structural insight into nucleotide recognition by human death-associated protein kinase. Acta Crystallogr. D: Biol. Crystallogr. 65, 241–248.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2651756'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '19237746'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Ko T. P.; Jeng W. Y.; Liu C. I.; Lai M. D.; Wu C. L.; Chang W. J.; Shr H. L.; Lu T. J.; Wang A. H. (2010) Structures of human MST3 kinase in complex with adenine, ADP and Mn2+. Acta Crystallogr. D: Biol. Crystallogr. 66, 145–154.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '20124694'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Singh P.; Wang B.; Maeda T.; Palczewski K.; Tesmer J. J. (2008) Structures of rhodopsin kinase in different ligand states reveal key elements involved in G protein-coupled receptor kinase activation. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 14053–14062.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2376226'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '18339619'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Richards M. W.; O’Regan L.; Mas-Droux C.; Blot J. M.; Cheung J.; Hoelder S.; Fry A. M.; Bayliss R. (2009) An autoinhibitory tyrosine motif in the cell-cycle-regulated Nek7 kinase is released through binding of Nek9. Mol. Cell 36, 560–570.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2807034'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '19941817'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Westwood I.; Cheary D. M.; Baxter J. E.; Richards M. W.; van Montfort R. L.; Fry A. M.; Bayliss R. (2009) Insights into the conformational variability and regulation of human Nek2 kinase. J. Mol. Biol. 386, 476–485.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2741569'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '19124027'}]}}"
] | Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2015 Jan 8; 2(12):e273 | NO-CC CODE |
|
CT scans – consolidations in the basal lobes of both lungs in the pulmonary and mediastinal window. | poljradiol-80-18-g004 | 7 | 27a9587a87ec58100309f8c7d04eee9a3b46caf374e80999ce2ef391439e0aa0 | poljradiol-80-18-g004.jpg | multiple | multiple panels: images | [
"Clinical Imaging"
] | [
"computerized tomography"
] | [
800,
720
] | [{'image_id': 'poljradiol-80-18-g001', 'image_file_name': 'poljradiol-80-18-g001.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC4293316/poljradiol-80-18-g001.jpg', 'caption': 'Initial X-ray reveals heterogeneous congestion of both lungs, mostly in the lower right lobe.', 'hash': '5e592dca283a2d8f50ff81733fbda33a01bb19a4dc273b119f3e1c75941055aa'}, {'image_id': 'poljradiol-80-18-g005', 'image_file_name': 'poljradiol-80-18-g005.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC4293316/poljradiol-80-18-g005.jpg', 'caption': 'Control X-ray shows partial regression of inflammatory lesions in both lungs.', 'hash': '51d487a9665daa0e389b44aa6d45771192ec19bc70e267055ef761944fffacf1'}, {'image_id': 'poljradiol-80-18-g002', 'image_file_name': 'poljradiol-80-18-g002.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC4293316/poljradiol-80-18-g002.jpg', 'caption': 'Control X-ray: multifocal inflammatory and atelectatic areas are seen in the right lobe which was defined as progression of pathological changes. Similar changes are also present in the left lower lobe.', 'hash': '1ae97cdaf8d9b6f3a50d4075fe8d35e0540d3d60214836f4197acd837edd7259'}, {'image_id': 'poljradiol-80-18-g003', 'image_file_name': 'poljradiol-80-18-g003.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC4293316/poljradiol-80-18-g003.jpg', 'caption': 'CT. Initial examination shows massive hypodense, irregular area of lung tissue consolidation in the basal lobes of the right and left lung. After 1 month a control scan revealed almost complete regression of radiological findings in the lungs. The last scan after 3 months showed only pleural parenchymal scarring and no other findings.', 'hash': '22dc15c25def0ea47945df0f48073f8c13f66dcf8098804ae882229fae7a169a'}, {'image_id': 'poljradiol-80-18-g004', 'image_file_name': 'poljradiol-80-18-g004.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC4293316/poljradiol-80-18-g004.jpg', 'caption': 'CT scans – consolidations in the basal lobes of both lungs in the pulmonary and mediastinal window.', 'hash': '27a9587a87ec58100309f8c7d04eee9a3b46caf374e80999ce2ef391439e0aa0'}] | {'poljradiol-80-18-g001': ['A 16-year-old female patient with a history of asthma was admitted to hospital with a fever of 40 degrees Celsius, persistent cough and a chest pain. The examination revealed wheezes and coarse rales over the lungs – mostly on the right side. Lab tests were performed: white blood cell count 27.5×109/L, C-reactive protein 12.2 mg/dL and erythrocyte sedimentation rate 34 mm/h. Chest radiograph showed heterogeneous congestion of the lungs (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="poljradiol-80-18-g001">Figure 1</xref>). Treatment with antibiotics, analgesics, and hydration was instituted but the condition of the patient over the following 7 days worsened and that was a reason for her transfer to the Pediatric Clinic of Cardiology and Allergology for further treatment. In a carefully-taken history, the patient admitted that she had been a fire-eater for the last 3 years and during the last performance aspiration of large amounts of petroleum occurred. An immediately performed chest radiograph showed multifocal inflammatory lesions in both lungs, and atelectatic areas in the right one which was defined as progression of pathological changes compared to the previous examination (). Treatment with antibiotics, analgesics, and hydration was instituted but the condition of the patient over the following 7 days worsened and that was a reason for her transfer to the Pediatric Clinic of Cardiology and Allergology for further treatment. In a carefully-taken history, the patient admitted that she had been a fire-eater for the last 3 years and during the last performance aspiration of large amounts of petroleum occurred. An immediately performed chest radiograph showed multifocal inflammatory lesions in both lungs, and atelectatic areas in the right one which was defined as progression of pathological changes compared to the previous examination (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="poljradiol-80-18-g002">Figure 2</xref>). After 2 days HRCT of the chest was performed. It showed a massive hypodense, irregular area of lung tissue consolidation in the basal lobes of the right lung (). After 2 days HRCT of the chest was performed. It showed a massive hypodense, irregular area of lung tissue consolidation in the basal lobes of the right lung (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="poljradiol-80-18-g003">Figures 3</xref> and and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="poljradiol-80-18-g004">4</xref>). Within that lesion small amounts of air were visible. Smaller lesions of the same kind were located in the basal segments of the left lung. Moreover, a small amount of pleural effusion and a small cavity between segment 4 and 5 of the left lung were found. Those radiological findings were also reported on by other authors and are considered to be typical [). Within that lesion small amounts of air were visible. Smaller lesions of the same kind were located in the basal segments of the left lung. Moreover, a small amount of pleural effusion and a small cavity between segment 4 and 5 of the left lung were found. Those radiological findings were also reported on by other authors and are considered to be typical [7–9]. The same day bronchoscopy was performed. It showed massive inflammation of airway mucosa and presence of lipid-laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. During the procedure purulent secretion from segmental bronchi was siphoned off. Because of further aggravation of patient’s condition (severe dyspnea and respiratory failure) she was transferred to Intensive Care Unit. Surgical intervention was taken into consideration due to the risk of lung abscesses, but on the basis of radiological examinations, a decision on conservatory treatment was undertaken.'], 'poljradiol-80-18-g005': ['The next chest radiograph showed partial regression of inflammatory lesions in both lungs (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="poljradiol-80-18-g005">Figure 5</xref>). Also the general condition of the patient started to improve. A control chest HRCT revealed almost complete regression of radiological findings (). Also the general condition of the patient started to improve. A control chest HRCT revealed almost complete regression of radiological findings (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="poljradiol-80-18-g003">Figure 3</xref>). Only residual area of lung tissue consolidation in the 6). Only residual area of lung tissue consolidation in the 6th segment of the right lung and bilateral pleural parenchymal scarring in basal segments were displayed. The patient was discharged and a follow-up HRCT in 3 months was recommended. It showed only pleural parenchymal scarring and no other findings (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="poljradiol-80-18-g003">Figure 3</xref>).).']} | Case Report of Fire Eater’s Pneumonia in Adolescent Female Patient – Evolution of Radiologic Findings | [
"Pediatrics",
"Pneumonia, Lipid",
"Tomography, Spiral Computed"
] | Pol J Radiol | 1420876800 | None | null | other | PMC4293316 | null | null | [
""
] | Pol J Radiol. 2015 Jan 10; 80:18-21 | NO-CC CODE |
|
CT Thorax (A – Axial, B – Coronal) showing mild main pulmonary artery dilatation, normal intrapulmonary vessels with no peripheral dilatation. | amjcaserep-18-1-g001 | 7 | 2be3fc2561f0a67802f67c3725f24e8e76557287ac1821d9db3b2d36c74c0c51 | amjcaserep-18-1-g001.jpg | multiple | multiple panels: images | [
"Clinical Imaging"
] | [
"computerized tomography"
] | [
792,
360
] | [{'image_id': 'amjcaserep-18-1-g002', 'image_file_name': 'amjcaserep-18-1-g002.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5221740/amjcaserep-18-1-g002.jpg', 'caption': 'Pathological changes in the lung from VATS biopsy. The branches of the pulmonary arteries are dilated (stars, A), or show medial hypertrophy (arrow, B). Plexiform lesions are also present (arrow heads, C) (PA – pulmonary artery; br – bronchiole) (hematoxylin and eosin stain, magnification ×40 (A), ×100 (B), ×200 (C), scale bar 100 µm).', 'hash': '950c2f56e2ea7b6aea0171f1388432cf7d4926ce7146f21eb4864f24ad13a6fc'}, {'image_id': 'amjcaserep-18-1-g003', 'image_file_name': 'amjcaserep-18-1-g003.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5221740/amjcaserep-18-1-g003.jpg', 'caption': 'Histology of the explanted liver show cirrhosis (A) and steatosis (B) (hematoxylin and eosin stain, magnification ×20 (A), ×100 (B), scale bar 1000 µm (A) and 100 µm (B)).', 'hash': 'c8aef287091aff95e97222725c974dc865d0d826a99a7d565a8df9085146dc70'}, {'image_id': 'amjcaserep-18-1-g001', 'image_file_name': 'amjcaserep-18-1-g001.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5221740/amjcaserep-18-1-g001.jpg', 'caption': 'CT Thorax (A – Axial, B – Coronal) showing mild main pulmonary artery dilatation, normal intrapulmonary vessels with no peripheral dilatation.', 'hash': '2be3fc2561f0a67802f67c3725f24e8e76557287ac1821d9db3b2d36c74c0c51'}] | {'amjcaserep-18-1-g001': ['In the absence of any detectable pulmonary or cardiac etiology, video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lung biopsy was planned to rule out other primary pulmonary pathology. He tolerated this procedure well and significant macroscopic venous dilatation was noted at surgery. CTPA had been repeated as a part of preoperative investigations (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="amjcaserep-18-1-g001">Figure 1</xref>), this time revealing mild main pulmonary artery dilatation and normal intrapulmonary vessels with no peripheral dilatation, but there was incidental detection of features suggestive of liver cirrhosis on upper abdominal cuts.), this time revealing mild main pulmonary artery dilatation and normal intrapulmonary vessels with no peripheral dilatation, but there was incidental detection of features suggestive of liver cirrhosis on upper abdominal cuts.'], 'amjcaserep-18-1-g002': ['His liver function tests (LFTs) were normal (Table 1). Coagulation profile showed thrombocytopenia with a count of 60 000 per microliter. Four-phase CT liver revealed cirrhosis with portal hypertension and splenomegaly. Hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement showed HVPG of 10 mmHg, further confirming portal hypertension. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed gastric varices. HPS was suspected at this point and confirmed through a repeat bubble test, which was positive for intrapulmonary shunt (IPS). VATS lung biopsy showed histological features compatible with HPS and pulmonary artery hypertension with extensive vascular remodeling (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="amjcaserep-18-1-g002">Figure 2</xref>). His oxygenation was gradually deteriorating, with cyanosis and room air PO2 of 53.2 mm Hg. He was listed for orthotopic liver transplantation, with severe hepatopulmonary syndrome and mild portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) from NASH-related cirrhosis as the indication, confirmed on pathological examination of the explanted liver (). His oxygenation was gradually deteriorating, with cyanosis and room air PO2 of 53.2 mm Hg. He was listed for orthotopic liver transplantation, with severe hepatopulmonary syndrome and mild portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) from NASH-related cirrhosis as the indication, confirmed on pathological examination of the explanted liver (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="amjcaserep-18-1-g003">Figure 3</xref>). His model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was 7 at the time of listing and he remained on continuous home oxygen therapy at 2 l/min while waiting for transplantation. He was successfully transplanted 1 year after listing. His intraoperative and postoperative periods were uneventful and he was discharged home after 14 days. At 12-month follow-up, our patient remains asymptomatic with normal resting oxygen saturation and requiring 2 l/min of supplemental oxygen for mobilization.). His model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was 7 at the time of listing and he remained on continuous home oxygen therapy at 2 l/min while waiting for transplantation. He was successfully transplanted 1 year after listing. His intraoperative and postoperative periods were uneventful and he was discharged home after 14 days. At 12-month follow-up, our patient remains asymptomatic with normal resting oxygen saturation and requiring 2 l/min of supplemental oxygen for mobilization.']} | Prolonged Unexplained Hypoxemia as Initial Presentation of Cirrhosis: A Case Report | [
"Anoxia",
"Hepatopulmonary Syndrome",
"Liver Transplantation"
] | Am J Case Rep | 1483344000 | Bacterial biofilms are a major cause of chronic infections and biofouling; however, effective removal of established biofilms remains challenging. Here we report a new strategy for biofilm control using biocompatible shape memory polymers with defined surface topography. These surfaces can both prevent bacterial adhesion and remove established biofilms upon rapid shape change with moderate increase of temperature, thereby offering more prolonged antifouling properties. We demonstrate that this strategy can achieve a total reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by 99.9% compared to the static flat control. It was also found effective against biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and an uropathogenic strain of Escherichia coli. | [
"Bacterial Adhesion",
"Biofilms",
"Biofouling",
"Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
"Staphylococcus aureus"
] | other | PMC5221740 | null | 29 | [
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] | Am J Case Rep. 2017 Jan 2; 18:1-6 | NO-CC CODE |
|
A repeat CT scan of chest showing complete resolution of infiltrates. | amjcaserep-18-67-g003 | 7 | b20e58b0d745562452edad24251f532874fb6e3afee0482e8e8632cdaabe9a65 | amjcaserep-18-67-g003.jpg | multiple | multiple panels: images | [
"Clinical Imaging"
] | [
"computerized tomography"
] | [
780,
348
] | [{'image_id': 'amjcaserep-18-67-g001', 'image_file_name': 'amjcaserep-18-67-g001.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5267618/amjcaserep-18-67-g001.jpg', 'caption': 'Chest CT scan showing a right lower lobe cavitary mass/consolidation with minimal right pleural effusion (black arrow).', 'hash': '830b44f1ecb74e456f077d6eae88eb7b1bd00e2499219c2307ef1f028bf649cb'}, {'image_id': 'amjcaserep-18-67-g003', 'image_file_name': 'amjcaserep-18-67-g003.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5267618/amjcaserep-18-67-g003.jpg', 'caption': 'A repeat CT scan of chest showing complete resolution of infiltrates.', 'hash': 'b20e58b0d745562452edad24251f532874fb6e3afee0482e8e8632cdaabe9a65'}, {'image_id': 'amjcaserep-18-67-g002', 'image_file_name': 'amjcaserep-18-67-g002.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5267618/amjcaserep-18-67-g002.jpg', 'caption': 'Chest CT scan demonstrating increased mass-like consolidative opacity (black arrow).', 'hash': '4d4ee365d7f9fa80ba5fd72a088a3bf8ead9aa0cb5681a39bac7e5e4289cecef'}] | {'amjcaserep-18-67-g001': ['His physical examination showed an ill-looking man with mild respiratory distress. His vital signs were heart rate 104/min, blood pressure 145/91 mm Hg, respiratory rate 18 breaths/min, oxygen saturation 91% on room air, and temperature 102°F. He had a non-productive cough, and auscultation of the chest revealed reduced breath sounds in the right lung base with right basal crackles. There was no clubbing. His cardiac examination revealed tachycardia but no murmurs, rubs, or gallop. There was no hepatosplenomegaly, and the neurological exam was normal. Laboratory studies showed no leukocytosis, mild anemia of chronic diseases, and low albumin levels. Urinalysis was unremarkable. Chest radiography showed a 4.5 cm rounded mass-like opacity in the right hilar area. Therefore, a computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest was obtained, which revealed a right lower lobe cavitary mass/consolidation measuring 7.8×6.5 cm, with minimal right pleural effusion (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="amjcaserep-18-67-g001">Figure 1</xref>).).'], 'amjcaserep-18-67-g002': ['His initial intravenous antibiotic regimen was changed to linezolid 600 mg every 12 hours, levofloxacin 750 mg daily, and azithromycin 500 mg daily. His condition improved significantly, he became afebrile, cough and chest pains resolved, and he was discharged in stable condition on oral azithromycin 500 mg daily and levofloxacin 750 mg daily for 8 weeks. The patient was also referred to the outpatient HIV program at the hospital for follow-up, where his HAART regimen was changed to ritonavir 100 mg daily, darunavir 800 mg daily, and emtricitabine-tenofovir 200–300 mg, as genotypic resistance indicated failure of rilpivirine. Three weeks after the switch to the new HAART and while on week 4 of levofloxacin and azithromycin, the patient started having right-sided chest pain and cough with low-grade temperature. The repeat CD4 count was 62 cells/μm and a viral load of 86 copies/mL. A repeat (2nd) CT scan of the chest demonstrated increased mass-like consolidative opacity measuring 9.7×7.9 cm. The cavitation itself was roughly stable at 2 cm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="amjcaserep-18-67-g002">Figure 2</xref>).).'], 'amjcaserep-18-67-g003': ['Oral linezolid 600 mg twice a day was added to azithromycin and levofloxacin. All three antibiotics were continued for 2 weeks, and then azithromycin and levofloxacin were discontinued. Linezolid was continued for a total of 4 weeks to complete a total course of 8 weeks of therapy. The CT scan findings were concerning; however, given the patient’s improved virological and immunological status and negative workup for other potential differential diagnoses, he was treated symptomatically with low-dose non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and close biweekly clinic follow-ups. His symptoms continued to improve, and he gained close to 30 lbs in the following 4 months, with HIV RNA becoming fewer than 20 copies and CD4 count of 236 cells/mL. He had an episode of herpes zoster involving right 10–11th thoracic dermatomal distribution, which was treated with oral valacyclovir 1 g three times a day for 10 days. No steroids were used during this episode. The patient has been free of any other OI or R. equi relapses since discharge from hospital in the past 8 months, and a repeat (3rd) CT of chest (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="amjcaserep-18-67-g003">Figure 3</xref>) showed almost complete resolution of infiltrates.) showed almost complete resolution of infiltrates.']} | Rhodoccocus Equi Pneumonia and Paradoxical Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in a Patient with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | [
"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome",
"Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome",
"{'italic': 'Rhodoccocus equi'}"
] | Am J Case Rep | 1484812800 | BACKGROUND Pulmonary infections are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and can progress rapidly to respiratory failure and death without appropriate therapy. Herein, we present a rare case of an advanced HIV infection and Rhodoccocus equi (R. equi) pneumonia in a young male who had severe paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). CASE REPORT A 47-year-old nonsmoking Hispanic man with advanced HIV infection presented with severe acute necrotizing pneumonia secondary to R. equi. Although his initial response to antimicrobial therapy was optimal, he became symptomatic again in spite of continuation of antibiotics as he developed severe paradoxical IRIS 3 weeks after starting a new highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of IRIS remains challenging because of the wide variations in the clinical presentation and etiologies. In spite of its rarity as an opportunistic pathogen, we recommend that R. equi, an intracellular pathogen, be included in the differential list of pathogens associated with IRIS. | [
"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome",
"Biopsy",
"HIV",
"Humans",
"Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pneumonia",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed"
] | other | PMC5267618 | null | 20 | [
"{'Citation': 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet] HIV in the United States: At A Glance. HIV/AIDS Statistics Center. [Updated: 10-20-2016] Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/overview/ataglance.html.'}",
"{'Citation': 'Huang L, Crothers K. HIV-associated opportunistic pneumonias. Respirology. 2009;14(4):474–85.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2835537'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '19645867'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'd’Arminio Monforte A, Sabin CA, Phillips A, et al. The changing incidence of AIDS events in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(4):416–23.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '15738371'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Zheng Y, Zhou H, He Y, et al. The immune pathogenesis of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy in AIDS. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2014;30(12):1197–202.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC4250954'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '25131160'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Lattur M, Marco D, García Gasalla M, et al. [Rhodoccocus equi pulmonary infection in a HIV-infected patient and radiological worsening following treatment: Case report] An Med Interna. 2008;25:370–71. [in Spanish]', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '19296001'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Ferretti F, Boschini A, Iabichino C, et al. Disseminated Rhodoccocus equi infection in HIV infection despite highly active antiretroviral therapy. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:343.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC3295727'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '22168333'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Giguère S, Cohen ND, Keith Chaffin M, et al. Rhodoccocus equi: Clinical manifestations, virulence, and immunity. J Vet Intern Med. 2011;25:1221–30.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '22092609'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Weinstock DM, Brown AE. Rhodoccocus equi: An emerging pathogen. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34(10):1379–85.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '11981734'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Le T, Cash-Goldwasser S, Tho PV, et al. Diagnosing Rhodoccocus equi infections in a setting where tuberculosis is highly endemic: A double challenge. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53(4):1431–33.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC4365230'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '25631800'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Muller M, Wandel S, Colebunders R, et al. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10:251–61.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC4183458'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '20334848'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Burton AJ, Giguère S, Berghaus LJ, Hondalus MK. Activity of clarithromycin or rifampin alone or in combination against experimental Rhodoccocus equi infection in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59:3633–36.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC4432177'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '25824218'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Muñoz P, Palomo J, Guinea J, et al. Relapsing Rhodoccocus equi infection in a heart transplant recipient successfully treated with long-term linezolid. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;60(2):197–99.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '17949934'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Bowersock TL, Salmon SA, Portis ES, et al. MICs of oxazolidinones for Rhodoccocus equi strains isolated from humans and animals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44(5):1367–69.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC89874'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '10770781'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Yamshchikov AV, Schuetz A, Lyon GM. Rhodoccocus equi infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(5):350–59.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '20417417'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Toyooka K, Takai S, Kirikae T. Rhodococus equi can survive a phagolysosomal environment in macrophages by suppressing acidification of the phagolysosome. J Med Microbiol. 2005;54(Pt 11):1007–15.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '16192430'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Delia S, Mastroianni CM, Lichtner M, et al. Defective production of interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha by AIDS mononuclear cells after in vitro exposure to Rhodoccocus equi. Mediators Inflamm. 1995;4(4):306–9.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2365645'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '18475656'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Achenbach CJ, Harrington RD, Dhanireddy S, et al. Paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy after AIDS-defining opportunistic infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(3):424–33.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC3258272'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '22095568'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Huis in’t Veld D, Sun HY, Hung CC, Colebunders R. The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome related to HIV Co-Infections: A review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012;31:919–27.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '21964588'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Grant P, Komarow L, Sereti I, et al. Risk factor analyses for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and mortality during a randomized trial of early versus deferred ART in the setting of acute opportunistic infections: ACTG A5164. Sixteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; February 8–11 2009; Montreal, Canada.'}",
"{'Citation': 'Shelburne SA, 3rd, Darcourt J, White AC, Jr, et al. The role of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in AIDS-related Cryptococcus neofor-mans disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(7):1049–52.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '15825000'}}}"
] | Am J Case Rep. 2017 Jan 19; 18:67-71 | NO-CC CODE |
|
Chest CT scan demonstrating increased mass-like consolidative opacity (black arrow). | amjcaserep-18-67-g002 | 7 | 4d4ee365d7f9fa80ba5fd72a088a3bf8ead9aa0cb5681a39bac7e5e4289cecef | amjcaserep-18-67-g002.jpg | multiple | multiple panels: images | [
"Clinical Imaging"
] | [
"computerized tomography"
] | [
780,
324
] | [{'image_id': 'amjcaserep-18-67-g001', 'image_file_name': 'amjcaserep-18-67-g001.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5267618/amjcaserep-18-67-g001.jpg', 'caption': 'Chest CT scan showing a right lower lobe cavitary mass/consolidation with minimal right pleural effusion (black arrow).', 'hash': '830b44f1ecb74e456f077d6eae88eb7b1bd00e2499219c2307ef1f028bf649cb'}, {'image_id': 'amjcaserep-18-67-g003', 'image_file_name': 'amjcaserep-18-67-g003.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5267618/amjcaserep-18-67-g003.jpg', 'caption': 'A repeat CT scan of chest showing complete resolution of infiltrates.', 'hash': 'b20e58b0d745562452edad24251f532874fb6e3afee0482e8e8632cdaabe9a65'}, {'image_id': 'amjcaserep-18-67-g002', 'image_file_name': 'amjcaserep-18-67-g002.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5267618/amjcaserep-18-67-g002.jpg', 'caption': 'Chest CT scan demonstrating increased mass-like consolidative opacity (black arrow).', 'hash': '4d4ee365d7f9fa80ba5fd72a088a3bf8ead9aa0cb5681a39bac7e5e4289cecef'}] | {'amjcaserep-18-67-g001': ['His physical examination showed an ill-looking man with mild respiratory distress. His vital signs were heart rate 104/min, blood pressure 145/91 mm Hg, respiratory rate 18 breaths/min, oxygen saturation 91% on room air, and temperature 102°F. He had a non-productive cough, and auscultation of the chest revealed reduced breath sounds in the right lung base with right basal crackles. There was no clubbing. His cardiac examination revealed tachycardia but no murmurs, rubs, or gallop. There was no hepatosplenomegaly, and the neurological exam was normal. Laboratory studies showed no leukocytosis, mild anemia of chronic diseases, and low albumin levels. Urinalysis was unremarkable. Chest radiography showed a 4.5 cm rounded mass-like opacity in the right hilar area. Therefore, a computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest was obtained, which revealed a right lower lobe cavitary mass/consolidation measuring 7.8×6.5 cm, with minimal right pleural effusion (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="amjcaserep-18-67-g001">Figure 1</xref>).).'], 'amjcaserep-18-67-g002': ['His initial intravenous antibiotic regimen was changed to linezolid 600 mg every 12 hours, levofloxacin 750 mg daily, and azithromycin 500 mg daily. His condition improved significantly, he became afebrile, cough and chest pains resolved, and he was discharged in stable condition on oral azithromycin 500 mg daily and levofloxacin 750 mg daily for 8 weeks. The patient was also referred to the outpatient HIV program at the hospital for follow-up, where his HAART regimen was changed to ritonavir 100 mg daily, darunavir 800 mg daily, and emtricitabine-tenofovir 200–300 mg, as genotypic resistance indicated failure of rilpivirine. Three weeks after the switch to the new HAART and while on week 4 of levofloxacin and azithromycin, the patient started having right-sided chest pain and cough with low-grade temperature. The repeat CD4 count was 62 cells/μm and a viral load of 86 copies/mL. A repeat (2nd) CT scan of the chest demonstrated increased mass-like consolidative opacity measuring 9.7×7.9 cm. The cavitation itself was roughly stable at 2 cm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="amjcaserep-18-67-g002">Figure 2</xref>).).'], 'amjcaserep-18-67-g003': ['Oral linezolid 600 mg twice a day was added to azithromycin and levofloxacin. All three antibiotics were continued for 2 weeks, and then azithromycin and levofloxacin were discontinued. Linezolid was continued for a total of 4 weeks to complete a total course of 8 weeks of therapy. The CT scan findings were concerning; however, given the patient’s improved virological and immunological status and negative workup for other potential differential diagnoses, he was treated symptomatically with low-dose non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and close biweekly clinic follow-ups. His symptoms continued to improve, and he gained close to 30 lbs in the following 4 months, with HIV RNA becoming fewer than 20 copies and CD4 count of 236 cells/mL. He had an episode of herpes zoster involving right 10–11th thoracic dermatomal distribution, which was treated with oral valacyclovir 1 g three times a day for 10 days. No steroids were used during this episode. The patient has been free of any other OI or R. equi relapses since discharge from hospital in the past 8 months, and a repeat (3rd) CT of chest (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="amjcaserep-18-67-g003">Figure 3</xref>) showed almost complete resolution of infiltrates.) showed almost complete resolution of infiltrates.']} | Rhodoccocus Equi Pneumonia and Paradoxical Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in a Patient with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | [
"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome",
"Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome",
"{'italic': 'Rhodoccocus equi'}"
] | Am J Case Rep | 1484812800 | BACKGROUND Pulmonary infections are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and can progress rapidly to respiratory failure and death without appropriate therapy. Herein, we present a rare case of an advanced HIV infection and Rhodoccocus equi (R. equi) pneumonia in a young male who had severe paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). CASE REPORT A 47-year-old nonsmoking Hispanic man with advanced HIV infection presented with severe acute necrotizing pneumonia secondary to R. equi. Although his initial response to antimicrobial therapy was optimal, he became symptomatic again in spite of continuation of antibiotics as he developed severe paradoxical IRIS 3 weeks after starting a new highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of IRIS remains challenging because of the wide variations in the clinical presentation and etiologies. In spite of its rarity as an opportunistic pathogen, we recommend that R. equi, an intracellular pathogen, be included in the differential list of pathogens associated with IRIS. | [
"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome",
"Biopsy",
"HIV",
"Humans",
"Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pneumonia",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed"
] | other | PMC5267618 | null | 20 | [
"{'Citation': 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet] HIV in the United States: At A Glance. HIV/AIDS Statistics Center. [Updated: 10-20-2016] Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/overview/ataglance.html.'}",
"{'Citation': 'Huang L, Crothers K. HIV-associated opportunistic pneumonias. Respirology. 2009;14(4):474–85.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2835537'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '19645867'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'd’Arminio Monforte A, Sabin CA, Phillips A, et al. The changing incidence of AIDS events in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(4):416–23.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '15738371'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Zheng Y, Zhou H, He Y, et al. The immune pathogenesis of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy in AIDS. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2014;30(12):1197–202.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC4250954'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '25131160'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Lattur M, Marco D, García Gasalla M, et al. [Rhodoccocus equi pulmonary infection in a HIV-infected patient and radiological worsening following treatment: Case report] An Med Interna. 2008;25:370–71. [in Spanish]', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '19296001'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Ferretti F, Boschini A, Iabichino C, et al. Disseminated Rhodoccocus equi infection in HIV infection despite highly active antiretroviral therapy. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:343.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC3295727'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '22168333'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Giguère S, Cohen ND, Keith Chaffin M, et al. Rhodoccocus equi: Clinical manifestations, virulence, and immunity. J Vet Intern Med. 2011;25:1221–30.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '22092609'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Weinstock DM, Brown AE. Rhodoccocus equi: An emerging pathogen. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34(10):1379–85.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '11981734'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Le T, Cash-Goldwasser S, Tho PV, et al. Diagnosing Rhodoccocus equi infections in a setting where tuberculosis is highly endemic: A double challenge. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53(4):1431–33.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC4365230'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '25631800'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Muller M, Wandel S, Colebunders R, et al. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10:251–61.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC4183458'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '20334848'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Burton AJ, Giguère S, Berghaus LJ, Hondalus MK. Activity of clarithromycin or rifampin alone or in combination against experimental Rhodoccocus equi infection in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59:3633–36.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC4432177'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '25824218'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Muñoz P, Palomo J, Guinea J, et al. Relapsing Rhodoccocus equi infection in a heart transplant recipient successfully treated with long-term linezolid. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;60(2):197–99.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '17949934'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Bowersock TL, Salmon SA, Portis ES, et al. MICs of oxazolidinones for Rhodoccocus equi strains isolated from humans and animals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44(5):1367–69.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC89874'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '10770781'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Yamshchikov AV, Schuetz A, Lyon GM. Rhodoccocus equi infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(5):350–59.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '20417417'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Toyooka K, Takai S, Kirikae T. Rhodococus equi can survive a phagolysosomal environment in macrophages by suppressing acidification of the phagolysosome. J Med Microbiol. 2005;54(Pt 11):1007–15.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '16192430'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Delia S, Mastroianni CM, Lichtner M, et al. Defective production of interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha by AIDS mononuclear cells after in vitro exposure to Rhodoccocus equi. Mediators Inflamm. 1995;4(4):306–9.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2365645'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '18475656'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Achenbach CJ, Harrington RD, Dhanireddy S, et al. Paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy after AIDS-defining opportunistic infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(3):424–33.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC3258272'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '22095568'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Huis in’t Veld D, Sun HY, Hung CC, Colebunders R. The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome related to HIV Co-Infections: A review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012;31:919–27.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '21964588'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Grant P, Komarow L, Sereti I, et al. Risk factor analyses for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and mortality during a randomized trial of early versus deferred ART in the setting of acute opportunistic infections: ACTG A5164. Sixteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; February 8–11 2009; Montreal, Canada.'}",
"{'Citation': 'Shelburne SA, 3rd, Darcourt J, White AC, Jr, et al. The role of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in AIDS-related Cryptococcus neofor-mans disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(7):1049–52.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '15825000'}}}"
] | Am J Case Rep. 2017 Jan 19; 18:67-71 | NO-CC CODE |
|
Filling defect in the right lower lobe branch along with “air-contrast”. | amjcaserep-18-80-g004 | 7 | 0ee68cc3f90dcf0dafafdc594c503a84613750fffb4bcca2de11c6d1fa13f6b8 | amjcaserep-18-80-g004.jpg | multiple | multiple panels: images | [
"Clinical Imaging"
] | [
"computerized tomography"
] | [
640,
520
] | [{'image_id': 'amjcaserep-18-80-g002', 'image_file_name': 'amjcaserep-18-80-g002.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5282968/amjcaserep-18-80-g002.jpg', 'caption': 'Air and contrast in the main pulmonary artery and major divisions.', 'hash': '4483464ed1e753f34e44d399d5b23a9c15d4e25115709c8817e485cfa290c6e3'}, {'image_id': 'amjcaserep-18-80-g004', 'image_file_name': 'amjcaserep-18-80-g004.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5282968/amjcaserep-18-80-g004.jpg', 'caption': 'Filling defect in the right lower lobe branch along with “air-contrast”.', 'hash': '0ee68cc3f90dcf0dafafdc594c503a84613750fffb4bcca2de11c6d1fa13f6b8'}, {'image_id': 'amjcaserep-18-80-g003', 'image_file_name': 'amjcaserep-18-80-g003.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5282968/amjcaserep-18-80-g003.jpg', 'caption': 'Filling defect in the right lower lobe branch.', 'hash': 'd7d81a348094ec6ae5c112ebb0305d6c8a712c3473daf645692eb00caa61f19a'}, {'image_id': 'amjcaserep-18-80-g001', 'image_file_name': 'amjcaserep-18-80-g001.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5282968/amjcaserep-18-80-g001.jpg', 'caption': 'Air embolus in the right atrium and ventricle.', 'hash': 'faa2279c20cf361d7f7df88f45f798288999c42486b33deb4a4c0ba95ce8ae08'}] | {'amjcaserep-18-80-g001': ['During CT about 100–150 mL of air was inadvertently injected through the right antecubital vein using a power contrast injector (estimated by the technician and approximation of volumes on available imaging). Concurrent imaging (CT) showed a significant amount of air in the right atrium and right ventricular cavity (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="amjcaserep-18-80-g001">Figure 1</xref>), and air mixed with contrast in the main pulmonary artery and its proximal branches divisions of the pulmonary circulation (), and air mixed with contrast in the main pulmonary artery and its proximal branches divisions of the pulmonary circulation (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="amjcaserep-18-80-g002">Figure 2</xref>). Concurrently, a filling defect was noted in the right lower lobe artery consistent with pulmonary thromboembolism (). Concurrently, a filling defect was noted in the right lower lobe artery consistent with pulmonary thromboembolism (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="amjcaserep-18-80-g003">Figures 3</xref>, , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="amjcaserep-18-80-g004">4</xref>). The patient maintained hemodynamic stability with Trendelenburg, and left lateral decubitus positioning (Durant’s maneuver), and supportive care alone and she was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) for observation. Her respiratory distress worsened, and she was placed temporarily on non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) without improvement and a few hours later she was intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation. Intravenous full dose heparin infusion (initial bolus, 80 units/kg, followed by 18 units/kg/hour) was initiated for treatment of concurrent thromboembolism. Echocardiography did not show any evidence of right or left ventricular failure. Subsequent echocardiography done 24 hours later did not show any evidence of intracardiac air and complete resolution of the air embolism.). The patient maintained hemodynamic stability with Trendelenburg, and left lateral decubitus positioning (Durant’s maneuver), and supportive care alone and she was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) for observation. Her respiratory distress worsened, and she was placed temporarily on non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) without improvement and a few hours later she was intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation. Intravenous full dose heparin infusion (initial bolus, 80 units/kg, followed by 18 units/kg/hour) was initiated for treatment of concurrent thromboembolism. Echocardiography did not show any evidence of right or left ventricular failure. Subsequent echocardiography done 24 hours later did not show any evidence of intracardiac air and complete resolution of the air embolism.']} | Pulmonary Air Embolism: An Infrequent Complication in the Radiology Suite | [
"Anoxia",
"Embolism, Air",
"Hyperbaric Oxygenation"
] | Am J Case Rep | 1485244800 | Colonoscopies can predict long-term prognoses in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Recently, a new imaging technology has been developed that uses 3 types of illumination with center wavelengths of 540 nm, 600 nm, and 630 nm. The use of both the 600-nm and 630-nm lights (Dual red imaging; DRI) is critical for identifying blood vessels in deeper tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of DRI for assessing the severity of inflammation in patients with UC. A total of 43 UC patients were retrospectively enrolled to evaluate the endoscopic severity of 112 colon segments, and Mayo endoscopic scores, DRI scores and the severity of inflammation on a visual analogue scale (VAS) were compared. The Mayo endoscopic scores, DRI scores, and histologic scores were evaluated, and the interobserver agreement on DRI scores among 5 investigators was also assessed. The usefulness of DRI scores for predicting prognoses was also assessed in patients with clinical remission. The DRI scores were closely correlated with the VAS for the severity of colonic inflammation (r = 0.96) and the histologic scores (r = 0.72 - 0.8). The DRI scores had a higher rate of interobserver agreement (κ values = 0.63 - 0.88) than the Mayo endoscopic scores (κ values = 0.44 - 0.59). Inter-observer agreement between 4 non-experts was also excellent (mean κ value = 0.76, range 0.63 - 0.82). The expected time until recurrence was significantly longer in patients with lower DRI scores ( < 0.01). DRI can be used in patients with mild to moderate endoscopic severity because it targets the deep vascular pattern. The prognosis of UC can be predicted by assessing deep vessels using DRI. | [] | other | PMC5282968 | null | 20 | [
"{'Citation': 'Yoshida T, Inoue H, Usui S et al.Narrow-band imaging system with magnifying endoscopy for superficial esophageal lesions. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;59:288–295.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '14745410'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Gono K, Obi T, Yamaguchi M et al.Appearance of enhanced tissue features in narrow-band endoscopic imaging. J Biomed Opt. 2004;9:568–577.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '15189095'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Muto M, Minashi K, Yano T et al.Early detection of superficial squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region and esophagus by narrow band imaging: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Clin Oncol. 2010;28:1566–1572.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2849774'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '20177025'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Sano Y, Horimatsu T, Fu K I et al.Magnifying observation of microvascular architecture of colorectal lesions using a narrow band imaging system. Dig Endosc. 2006;18:44–S51.'}",
"{'Citation': 'Katagiri A, Fu K I, Sano Y et al.Narrow band imaging with magnifying colonoscopy as diagnostic tool for predicting histology of early colorectal neoplasia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;27:1269–1274.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '18284647'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Yahagi N. Dual Red Imaging; A new endoscopic imaging technology for clear visualization of bleeding points in endoscopic submucosal dissection. Gastrointestinal Endosc. 2014:A1192.'}",
"{'Citation': 'Horii J, Uraoka T, Goto O et al.Dual Red Imaging; A new endoscopic imaging technology for clear visualization of thick blood vessels in deeper tissue and bleeding points. Gastrointestinal Endosc. 2014:A3116.'}",
"{'Citation': 'Yao T, Matsui T, Hiwatashi N. Crohn’s disease in Japan: diagnostic criteria and epidemiology. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43:85–S93.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '11052483'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Schroeder K W, Tremaine W J, Ilstrup D M. Coated oral 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. A randomized study. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:1625–1629.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '3317057'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Geboes K, Riddell R, Ost A et al.A reproducible grading scale for histological assessment of inflammation in ulcerative colitis. Gut. 2000;47:404–409.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC1728046'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '10940279'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Neurath M F, Travis S P. Mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review. Gut. 2012;61:1619–1635.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '22842618'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Ardizzone S, Cassinotti A, Duca P et al.Mucosal healing predicts late outcomes after the first course of corticosteroids for newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9:483–489.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '21195796'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Arias M T, Vande Casteele N, Vermeire S et al.A panel to predict long-term outcome of infliximab therapy for patients with ulcerative colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13:531–538.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '25117777'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Colombel J F, Rutgeerts P, Reinisch W et al.Early mucosal healing with infliximab is associated with improved long-term clinical outcomes in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2011;141:1194–1201.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '21723220'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Baron J H, Connell A M, Lennard-Jones J E. Variation between observers in describing mucosal appearances in proctocolitis. Br Med J. 1964;1:89–99.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC1812908'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '14075156'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Hawthorne A B, Logan R F, Hawkey C J et al.Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine withdrawal in ulcerative colitis. BMJ. 1992;305:20–22.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC1882467'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '1638191'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Schroeder K W, Tremaine W J, Ilstrup D M. Coated oral 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. A randomized study. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:1625–1629.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '3317057'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Travis S P, Schnell D, Krzeski P et al.Developing an instrument to assess the endoscopic severity of ulcerative colitis: the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) Gut. 2012;61:535–544.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC3292713'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '21997563'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Travis S P, Schnell D, Krzeski P et al.Reliability and initial validation of the ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity. Gastroenterology. 2013;145:987–995.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '23891974'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Samuel S, Bruining D H, Loftus E V, Jr et al.Validation of the ulcerative colitis colonoscopic index of severity and its correlation with disease activity measures. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11:49–54.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC10602401'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '22902762'}]}}"
] | Am J Case Rep. 2017 Jan 24; 18:80-84 | NO-CC CODE |
|
a: sagittal MR image of the patient showing the CSF leak through the ethmoid cells – white arrow; b: the proper – green line – and the inappropriate – red line – routes for the nasal swab testing. | gr1_lrg | 7 | 5d1f3f686b0e14bfe1f9fd193925786772b78623d802a1823b36f35478e2177a | gr1_lrg.jpg | multiple | multiple panels: images | [
"Clinical Imaging"
] | [
"computerized tomography"
] | [
750,
343
] | [{'image_id': 'gr1_lrg', 'image_file_name': 'gr1_lrg.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC8379084/gr1_lrg.jpg', 'caption': 'a: sagittal MR image of the patient showing the CSF leak through the ethmoid cells\xa0–\xa0white arrow; b: the proper\xa0–\xa0green line\xa0–\xa0and the inappropriate\xa0–\xa0red line\xa0–\xa0routes for the nasal swab testing.', 'hash': '5d1f3f686b0e14bfe1f9fd193925786772b78623d802a1823b36f35478e2177a'}] | {'gr1_lrg': ['A 45-year-old woman presented to the neurosurgery outpatient clinic in October 2020 with continuous rhinorrhea that increases with maneuvers end up with an increase in the intracranial pressure. The patient had a history of nasal swab testing for COVID-19 20 days before admission to the hospital. The rhinorrhea had started shortly after the nasal swab testing in another clinic and the patient has been prescribed acetazolamide which decreased the amount of rhinorrhea but could not solve the problem. Cranial MR evaluation showed that a clear CSF passage from the anterior ethmoidal air cells (<xref rid="gr1_lrg" ref-type="fig">Fig. 1</xref>a). The decision was following the patient with lumbar drainage as a non-surgical treatment option for the defect. Patient\'s rhinorrhea has been ceased after the insertion of the lumbar drainage. The patient was followed for 10 days with lumbar drainage. After 10 days of drainage, the drain was terminated for 24 hours. After the termination of the drainage, no more rhinorrhea has been observed and the patient was discharged after the lumbar drainage had been removed. She is under follow up without any recurring rhinorrhea after 9 months from the treatment.a). The decision was following the patient with lumbar drainage as a non-surgical treatment option for the defect. Patient\'s rhinorrhea has been ceased after the insertion of the lumbar drainage. The patient was followed for 10 days with lumbar drainage. After 10 days of drainage, the drain was terminated for 24 hours. After the termination of the drainage, no more rhinorrhea has been observed and the patient was discharged after the lumbar drainage had been removed. She is under follow up without any recurring rhinorrhea after 9 months from the treatment.Fig. 1a: sagittal MR image of the patient showing the CSF leak through the ethmoid cells\xa0–\xa0white arrow; b: the proper\xa0–\xa0green line\xa0–\xa0and the inappropriate\xa0–\xa0red line\xa0–\xa0routes for the nasal swab testing.', 'The nasal swab test is considered as a safe test that is performed by approximately 61.5 million people in Turkey and 218,000 people daily as of July 3, 2021 [7]. The nasal swab test is relatively easy to perform and requires inconsiderable amount of training. The proper way of insertion of the swab should be parallel to the hard palate until a resistance is felt [8] (<xref rid="gr1_lrg" ref-type="fig">Fig. 1</xref>b\xa0–\xa0green line). The swab should not be directed upwards (b\xa0–\xa0green line). The swab should not be directed upwards (<xref rid="gr1_lrg" ref-type="fig">Fig. 1</xref>b\xa0–\xa0red line) as it is not possible to collect the required specimen from the nasopharynx and can damage the ethmoidal air cells and as a result causing rhinorrhea as seen in our patient.b\xa0–\xa0red line) as it is not possible to collect the required specimen from the nasopharynx and can damage the ethmoidal air cells and as a result causing rhinorrhea as seen in our patient.']} | Iatrogenic rhinorrhea by nasal swab testing during COVID-19 pandemic: Case report | null | Neurochirurgie | 1650524400 | None | null | other | PMC8379084 | null | null | [
""
] | Neurochirurgie. 2022 Apr 21; 68(3):347-348 | NO-CC CODE |
|
Coronal reformatted CT image demonstrates duodenal thickening due to inflammation. | poljradiol-81-589-g002 | 7 | 193f01444593194e0a5b6c67de6eb492404dcb95fb4648f685453208e776be89 | poljradiol-81-589-g002.jpg | multiple | multiple panels: images | [
"Clinical Imaging"
] | [
"computerized tomography"
] | [
600,
600
] | [{'image_id': 'poljradiol-81-589-g004', 'image_file_name': 'poljradiol-81-589-g004.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5147682/poljradiol-81-589-g004.jpg', 'caption': 'Follow-up axial contrast enhanced CT scan reveals complete resolution of the findings.', 'hash': '32315f93680ee493a527e56235aaf9e8587f8c4ad5e6a68d1bc3ffc57752f6b3'}, {'image_id': 'poljradiol-81-589-g003', 'image_file_name': 'poljradiol-81-589-g003.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5147682/poljradiol-81-589-g003.jpg', 'caption': 'Axial unenhanced CT image of the lower part of the duodenum demonstrates a small amount of right paraduodenal fluid collection. The density of fluid collection indicates etiology other than hemorrhage.', 'hash': 'fe6bc06bac9a9d5b1763889ece17415718263d33d0d15a67945099366b9b2977'}, {'image_id': 'poljradiol-81-589-g002', 'image_file_name': 'poljradiol-81-589-g002.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5147682/poljradiol-81-589-g002.jpg', 'caption': 'Coronal reformatted CT image demonstrates duodenal thickening due to inflammation.', 'hash': '193f01444593194e0a5b6c67de6eb492404dcb95fb4648f685453208e776be89'}, {'image_id': 'poljradiol-81-589-g005', 'image_file_name': 'poljradiol-81-589-g005.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5147682/poljradiol-81-589-g005.jpg', 'caption': 'Axial CT images of the same patient at different time points. Duodenal diverticulum (arrow) arising from the third portion of the duodenum is seen only in a single CT study (arrows in axial and reformatted unenhanced CT images) suggesting that duodenal diverticulum may not always be apparent on CT images.', 'hash': '063fb4dd74dccee61e6c2fa2b350cbf8749d195314332abda799e9dbf0c8120e'}, {'image_id': 'poljradiol-81-589-g001', 'image_file_name': 'poljradiol-81-589-g001.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5147682/poljradiol-81-589-g001.jpg', 'caption': 'Acute duodenitis following diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Axial unenhanced CT scan at the level of the third part of duodenum demonstrates extensive duodenal inflammation (white arrows) and periduodenal fat stranding. Compression of the inferior vena cava is also noted (black arrow).', 'hash': '7352d2d945093f199ef695a5577d6d236993a1a3d513448d5fb260b3fbad2eee'}] | {'poljradiol-81-589-g001': ['A 67-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room with a one-week history of left lower quadrant abdominal pain. Initial CT examination revealed acute sigmoid colonic diverticulitis. Follow-up CT examinations demonstrated regression of the colonic diverticulitis. Upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy were scheduled before discharge. Although both procedures were performed uneventful, the patient developed epigastric pain and dyspeptic complaints on the next day after the UGI endoscopy. The symptoms did not resolve or worsen on follow-up. A CT examination was performed on the fourth day after the UGI endoscopy to rule out potential complications, which demonstrated extensive duodenal inflammation without signs of perforation (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="poljradiol-81-589-g001">Figures 1</xref>, , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="poljradiol-81-589-g002">2</xref>). The laboratory results did not support the presence of hemorrhage or inflammation. However, the patient was treated for acute sigmoid diverticulitis, and therefore clinical and laboratory findings were not reliable. The diagnosis of acute duodenitis was made based on CT findings. The density of the paraduodenal fluid collection (8 HU) also diminished the possibility of hemorrhage (). The laboratory results did not support the presence of hemorrhage or inflammation. However, the patient was treated for acute sigmoid diverticulitis, and therefore clinical and laboratory findings were not reliable. The diagnosis of acute duodenitis was made based on CT findings. The density of the paraduodenal fluid collection (8 HU) also diminished the possibility of hemorrhage (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="poljradiol-81-589-g003">Figure 3</xref>). It is more likely that the antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents administered for the acute sigmoid diverticulitis were also efficient for duodenal diverticulitis. Therefore, no additional treatment was necessary, and the patient’s clinical status improved significantly with conservative treatment. A follow-up CT scan performed three days later demonstrated complete resolution of the findings (). It is more likely that the antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents administered for the acute sigmoid diverticulitis were also efficient for duodenal diverticulitis. Therefore, no additional treatment was necessary, and the patient’s clinical status improved significantly with conservative treatment. A follow-up CT scan performed three days later demonstrated complete resolution of the findings (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="poljradiol-81-589-g004">Figure 4</xref>).).'], 'poljradiol-81-589-g005': ['A duodenal diverticulum arising from the third portion of the duodenum was demonstrated on CT (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="poljradiol-81-589-g005">Figure 5</xref>). Moreover, duodenal inflammation was also localized to the same part of the duodenum. However, the diverticulum was seen only on a single CT scan.). Moreover, duodenal inflammation was also localized to the same part of the duodenum. However, the diverticulum was seen only on a single CT scan.'], 'poljradiol-81-589-g003': ['Our patient’s clinical status and imaging findings demonstrated rapid improvement (within a week). Rapid radiological improvement supports the lack of hemorrahge, since duedenal hematomas are expected to resolve in 1–3 weeks [3]. On the other hand, one may speculate that the reported rate of acute duodenitis following diagnostic UGI endoscopy could be underestimated considering such a rapid recovery. For instance,, if a timely follow-up imaging had not been obtained in our patient, the duodenitis could have been unnoticed.. However, further studies are warranted to confirm our observation. The next issue that should be addressed is whether a duodenal diverticulum is a predisposing factor for acute duodenitis following diagnostic UGI endoscopy. Although duodenal diverticulum substantially increases the risk of perforation [1,2], patients with diverticuli may also present with diverticulitis and duodenal inflammation [4,5]. However, it should be noted that inflammation due to diverticulitis is predominantly local [3,5]. Nevertheless, the reported cases of duodenal diverticulitis, in general, had not had a history of any predisposing invasive procedure. Our patient had a duodenal diverticulum arising from the third portion of the duodenum where inflammation was also localized.. Therefore, we speculate that the presence of a duodenal diverticulum may predispose to acute duodenitis following diagnostic UGI endoscopy. Currently, there is no consensus as to what procedure constitutes the gold standard for the diagnosis of a duodenal diverticulum. There is inconsistency between clinical and post-mortem studies concerning the incidence of duondenal diverticulum [4,5]. The duodenal diverticulum does not consist of tunica muscularis (false diverticle) and is formed mainly by a protrusion through a focal weakness in the duodenal wall [4,5]. Consequently, a distinct contour may not always be apparent on CT images (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="poljradiol-81-589-g003">Figure 3</xref>). Therefore, the incidence of duodenal diverticulum may be underestimated by imaging as compared to autopsy studies.). Therefore, the incidence of duodenal diverticulum may be underestimated by imaging as compared to autopsy studies.']} | Acute Reversible Duodenitis Following Non-Therapeutic Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Is Duodenal Diverticulum a Predisposing Factor? | [
"Diverticulum",
"Duodenitis",
"Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal",
"Postoperative Complications"
] | Pol J Radiol | 1481097600 | None | null | other | PMC5147682 | null | null | [
""
] | Pol J Radiol. 2016 Dec 7; 81:589-592 | NO-CC CODE |
|
The sagittal T2 image (TE= 99, TR = 3500) demonstrates a high signal lentiform epidural collection situated posterior to the spinal cord. | or-2009-1-e1-g002 | 7 | 072672883be668cf2211d39a117b5ed44d577ee46bd19380033ba247e368e621 | or-2009-1-e1-g002.jpg | multiple | multiple panels: images | [
"Clinical Imaging"
] | [
"computerized tomography"
] | [
666,
793
] | [{'image_id': 'or-2009-1-e1-g001', 'image_file_name': 'or-2009-1-e1-g001.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC3143966/or-2009-1-e1-g001.jpg', 'caption': 'The axial T2 image (TE= 108, TR= 5820) demonstrates a high signal epidural collection which effaces the spinal cord anterior laterally.', 'hash': '0f218c23ae6193e06cb04e13bdb495a6df32c7c0144bdf3a75abeac3a19b0e16'}, {'image_id': 'or-2009-1-e1-g002', 'image_file_name': 'or-2009-1-e1-g002.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC3143966/or-2009-1-e1-g002.jpg', 'caption': 'The sagittal T2 image (TE= 99, TR = 3500) demonstrates a high signal lentiform epidural collection situated posterior to the spinal cord.', 'hash': '072672883be668cf2211d39a117b5ed44d577ee46bd19380033ba247e368e621'}] | {'or-2009-1-e1-g001': ['Immediately after admission the patient underwent an MRI scan (see <xref ref-type="fig" rid="or-2009-1-e1-g001">Figures 1</xref> and and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="or-2009-1-e1-g002">2</xref>) for further evaluation of his back pain. This demonstrated a left posterior epidural collection from C6 to T5 with narrowing of the central canal and cord compression. This was most marked at T3 where the collection had a depth of 9 mm. The cranial end of the collection lay posteriorly to the thecal sac and reached the right side of the central canal. The epidural collection partially extended through the C7/T1/2 neural exit foramina bilaterally. There was an abnormal signal of the right paravertebral muscles closely adjacent to laminae of the mid and lower cervical spine and there was a small collection on the lateral aspect of the right C6/7 facet joint. There were no further soft tissue collections and no abnormal signal in the adjacent vertebrae.) for further evaluation of his back pain. This demonstrated a left posterior epidural collection from C6 to T5 with narrowing of the central canal and cord compression. This was most marked at T3 where the collection had a depth of 9 mm. The cranial end of the collection lay posteriorly to the thecal sac and reached the right side of the central canal. The epidural collection partially extended through the C7/T1/2 neural exit foramina bilaterally. There was an abnormal signal of the right paravertebral muscles closely adjacent to laminae of the mid and lower cervical spine and there was a small collection on the lateral aspect of the right C6/7 facet joint. There were no further soft tissue collections and no abnormal signal in the adjacent vertebrae.']} | Spinal epidural abscess: a rare complication of olecranon bursitis | [
"spinal epidural abscess",
"olecranon bursitis",
"Staphylococcus aureus."
] | Orthop Rev (Pavia) | 1246345200 | Multiple insufficiency fractures occurred in two patients with mutilating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), leading to substantial disabilities. Both patients received long-term oral glucocorticoid therapy and underwent multiple lower-extremity surgeries such as total hip arthroplasty (THA) or Total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The multiple fractures were located in the pelvis and lumbosacral region. Fractures in both patients were treated conservatively. Although bony union and resumption of activities were achieved in one patient, the other patient was not able to resume ambulation. For RA patients with combined risk factors for insufficiency fractures, aggressive preventive intervention and careful clinical assessment for early detection and management are warranted. | [] | other | PMC3143966 | null | 19 | [
"{'Citation': 'Soubrier M, Dubost JJ, Boisgard S, et al. Insufficiency fracture. A survey of 60 cases and review of the literature. Joint Bone Spine. 2003;70:209–18.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '12814764'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Nampei A, Hashimoto J, Koyanagi J, et al. Characteristics of fracture and related factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol. 2008;18:170–6.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '18297237'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Christiansen CG, Kassim RA, Callaghan JJ, et al. Pubic ramus insufficiency fractures following total hip arthroplasty. A report of six cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85:1819–22.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '12954846'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Arafat QW, Davies AM. Parasymphyseal insufficiency fracture. Ann Rheum Dis. 1994;53:421–4.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC1005359'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '8037501'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Dasgupta B, Shah N, Brown H, et al. Sacral insufficiency fracture: an unsuspected cause of low back pain. Br J Rheumatol. 1998;37:789–93.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '9714359'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Gotis-Graham I, McGuigan L, Diamond T, et al. Sacral insufficiency fractures in the elderly. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1994;76:882–6.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '7983111'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Mathers DM, Major GA, Allen L, et al. Insufficiency fracture of the sacrum. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993;52:621–3.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC1005126'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '8215631'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Schapira D, Militeanu D, Israel O, et al. Insufficiency fractures of the pubic ramus. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1996;25:373–382.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '8792509'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'West SG, Troutner JL, Baker MR, et al. Sacral insufficiency fractures in rheumatoid arthritis. Spine. 1994;19:2117–21.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '7825055'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Mather HG. Unusual rheumatoid arthritis (arthritis mutilans) Proc R Soc Med. 1954;47:457–9.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '13177555'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Ochi T, Iwase R, Yonemasu K, et al. Natural course of joint destruction and fluctuation of serum C1q levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1988;31:37–43.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '3257874'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Larsen A, Dale K, Eek M. Radiographic evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis and related conditions by standard reference films. Acta Radiol Diagn. 1977;18:481–91.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '920239'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'van Staa TP, Leufkens HG, Cooper C. The epidemiology of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Osteoporosis Int. 2002;13:777–87.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '12378366'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Verstraeten A, Dequeker J. Vertebral and peripheral bone mineral content and fracture incidence in postmenopausal patients with Rheumatoid arthritis: effect of low dose corticosteroids. Ann Rheum Dis. 1986;45:852–7.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC1002008'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '3789820'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. JAMA. 2001;285:785–95.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '11176917'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Nawata H, Soen S, Takayanagi R, et al. Guidelines on the management and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis of the Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research (2004) J Bone Miner Metab. 2005;23:105–9.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '15750687'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Aretxabala I, Fraiz E, Pérez-Ruiz F, et al. Sacral insufficiency fractures High association with pubic rami fractures. Clin Rheumatol. 2000;19:399–401.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '11055834'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Davies AM, Evans NS, Struthers GR. Parasymphyseal and associated insufficiency fractures of the pelvis and sacrum. Br J Radiol. 1988;61:103–8.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '3349247'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Hoshino Y, Doita M, Yoshikawa M, et al. Unstable pelvic insufficiency fracture in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2004;24:46–9.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '12748811'}}}"
] | Orthop Rev (Pavia). 2009 Jun 30; 1(1):e1 | NO-CC CODE |
|
A 53-year old patient with necrosis of the head of the femur with accompanying large bone marrow edema on the right side. Transcutaneous core decompression and BMAC transplantation. MRI controls after four and eight weeks. In addition to the clearly distinguishable drill channels, an almost complete normalization of the bone marrow signal can be seen. | or-2009-2-e32-g002 | 7 | ad332d5a9c1986b5106f4e8a281528ea2b560b6f26a31263040e824f3b176806 | or-2009-2-e32-g002.jpg | multiple | multiple panels: images | [
"Clinical Imaging"
] | [
"computerized tomography"
] | [
449,
414
] | [{'image_id': 'or-2009-2-e32-g003', 'image_file_name': 'or-2009-2-e32-g003.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC3143993/or-2009-2-e32-g003.jpg', 'caption': 'A 36-year old patient with necrosis of the head of the femur after DHS. BMAC transplantation with incipient subchondral fracture. During the further course of treatment, there was collapse of the femoral head followed by a total joint replacement.', 'hash': '4f248e809282aa869409c5646e3e4b405cb61cb5e0057f3e8f6231076b3eadd6'}, {'image_id': 'or-2009-2-e32-g004', 'image_file_name': 'or-2009-2-e32-g004.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC3143993/or-2009-2-e32-g004.jpg', 'caption': 'An 86-year old female patient with periprosthetic fracture after total hip revision surgery showed a failure of LISS osteosynthesis. Re-osteosynthesis was combined with application of bone substitute material (CopiOs®) augmented by autologous BMAC. Despite good new bone formation, increasing axial deviation was noted after two months. Additional internal fixation by plate osteosynthesis from the anterior combined with a second CopiOs/BMAC transplantation was performed. Here, some tissue from the initial transplantation site was taken for histology. The patient showed a solid fusion of the fracture after a further three months post-operatively. The histological analysis of the transplantation site showed a significant new formation of woven bone (polarization optics, magnification × 200).', 'hash': '11003b2accd057179e76a00f06591bfc10fabf2afc9bbf1b6f26e084613c4e8b'}, {'image_id': 'or-2009-2-e32-g002', 'image_file_name': 'or-2009-2-e32-g002.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC3143993/or-2009-2-e32-g002.jpg', 'caption': 'A 53-year old patient with necrosis of the head of the femur with accompanying large bone marrow edema on the right side. Transcutaneous core decompression and BMAC transplantation. MRI controls after four and eight weeks. In addition to the clearly distinguishable drill channels, an almost complete normalization of the bone marrow signal can be seen.', 'hash': 'ad332d5a9c1986b5106f4e8a281528ea2b560b6f26a31263040e824f3b176806'}, {'image_id': 'or-2009-2-e32-g001', 'image_file_name': 'or-2009-2-e32-g001.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC3143993/or-2009-2-e32-g001.jpg', 'caption': 'Indications in 101 autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantations. AVN: avascular necrosis.', 'hash': 'd46ebc621d3ac4952e631fdf90a10e58a2e54a4f7e3a334de9b91887f14ad1a0'}] | {'or-2009-2-e32-g001': ['A total of 101 patients (female/male: 48/53, mean age: 51 years) with bone healing disorders or osteonecrosis were surveyed in a prospective clinical surveillance study with additive application by BMAC. The indication for supportive therapy with BMAC was carried out in 37 cases due to necrosis of the head of the femur, and in 32 patients because of avascular osteonecrosis/bone marrow edema of another localization. BMAC was also used in 12 cases of non-unions and 20 times in bone healing disorders of another origin or for bone induction (arthrodesis of the upper ankle joint, humeral four-fragment fractures, and others)(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="or-2009-2-e32-g001">Figure 1</xref>).).'], 'or-2009-2-e32-g002': ['The post-operative treatment consisted of adequate medication for pain treatment, physiotherapeutic measures with relief of the lower extremities for four weeks as well as the partial loading with 20 kg for a further four weeks. In the case of avascular necrosis, post-operative MRI controls were carried out after four and eight weeks (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="or-2009-2-e32-g002">Figure 2</xref>).).'], 'or-2009-2-e32-g003': ['A male patient (age 36 years) had suffered a lateral fracture of the neck of the femur two years previously while playing football which had been treated using a dynamic hip screw. A radiologically confirmed necrosis of the femoral head with incipient subchondral fracture according to Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage III was shown. The patient was offered a trial of BMAC cell therapy after clarification about the unfavourable mid-term prognosis of a joint-preserving therapy by means of core decompression. While the post-operative period was uneventful, within five months a further collapse of the femoral head occurred which required total joint replacement (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="or-2009-2-e32-g003">Figure 3</xref>).).'], 'or-2009-2-e32-g004': ['A female patient (age 86 years) had suffered a periprosthetic femur fracture caused by a fall after total hip replacement. The fracture had been treated by means of a less invasive stabilization system (LISS) plate. After two months, plate breakage occurred due to inadequate bone healing and was treated by re-osteosynthesis with bone substitute material and BMAC. After a further three months, an incipient axial deviation could be seen in the area around the operation site despite distinct new bone formation. An additional femur plate osteosynthesis from the anterior was inserted with additional bone substitute material and BMAC. Histological examination of tissue material from the former transplantation displayed a distinct formation of new woven bone. The fracture then healed uneventfully after a further three months (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="or-2009-2-e32-g004">Figure 4</xref>).).']} | Safety of autologous bone marrow aspiration concentrate transplantation: initial experiences in 101 patients | [
"bone marrow aspirate concentrate application."
] | Orthop Rev (Pavia) | 1255158000 | Background. Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) may be more debilitating than motor symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and corecognition of NMS among our advanced PD cohort (patients considered for deep brain stimulation (DBS)) and caregivers. Methods. NMS-Questionnaire (NMS-Q), a self-administered screening questionnaire, and NMS Assessment-Scale (NMS-S), a clinician-administered scale, were administered to PD patients and caregivers. Results. We enrolled 33 PD patients (23 males, 10 females) and caregivers. The most frequent NMS among patients using NMS-Q were gastrointestinal (87.9%), sleep (84.9%), and urinary (72.7%), while the most frequent symptoms using NMS-S were sleep (90.9%), gastrointestinal (75.8%), and mood (75.8%). Patient/caregiver scoring correlations for NMS-Q and NMS-S were 0.670 (P < 0.0001) and 0.527 (P = 0.0016), respectively. Conclusion The frequency of NMS among advanced PD patients and correlation between patients and caregivers varied with the instrument used. The overall correlation between patient and caregiver was greater with NMS-Q than NMS-S. | [] | other | PMC3143993 | null | 5 | [
"{'Citation': 'Poewe W. Clinical measures of progression in Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders. 2009;24(2, supplement):S671–S676.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '19877235'}}}",
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"{'Citation': 'Chaudhuri KR, Martinez-Martin P. Quantitation of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. European Journal of Neurology. 2008;15(2, supplement):2–8.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '18702736'}}}",
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] | Orthop Rev (Pavia). 2009 Oct 10; 1(2):e32 | NO-CC CODE |
|
Axial arterial phase (A) and portal venous phase (B) and sagittal portal venous phase (C) CECT images showing a complete intrapancreatic course of the portal vein (white arrows). Pancreatic duct is seen to course anteriorly to the portal vein (dotted white arrow in A). Axial BTFE MR image (D) also shows a complete intrapancreatic course of the portal vein. | poljradiol-82-38-g001 | 7 | 129583dd278c4a19802ab38833861f6345fbc36eb19469ecde7174cd70ad8167 | poljradiol-82-38-g001.jpg | multiple | multiple panels: images | [
"Clinical Imaging"
] | [
"computerized tomography"
] | [
792,
924
] | [{'image_id': 'poljradiol-82-38-g001', 'image_file_name': 'poljradiol-82-38-g001.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5286926/poljradiol-82-38-g001.jpg', 'caption': 'Axial arterial phase (A) and portal venous phase (B) and sagittal portal venous phase (C) CECT images showing a complete intrapancreatic course of the portal vein (white arrows). Pancreatic duct is seen to course anteriorly to the portal vein (dotted white arrow in A). Axial BTFE MR image (D) also shows a complete intrapancreatic course of the portal vein.', 'hash': '129583dd278c4a19802ab38833861f6345fbc36eb19469ecde7174cd70ad8167'}, {'image_id': 'poljradiol-82-38-g002', 'image_file_name': 'poljradiol-82-38-g002.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC5286926/poljradiol-82-38-g002.jpg', 'caption': 'Axial arterial phase CECT (A) and axial T2W MR (B) images showing a tortuous course of the pancreatic duct in the head region (dotted white arrows).', 'hash': 'b40da799997cab991d3786c4e1583628e088097ad42c01c75d3e8178966152e6'}] | {'poljradiol-82-38-g001': ['A 45-year-old male patient with chronic Budd Chiari disease presented for a triphasic computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen to rule out a mass lesion due to poor acoustic window and heterogeneous hepatic echotexture on sonography. The patient underwent contrast-enhanced CT in a 128 slice MDCT scanner (Ingenuity CT, Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH). The CT showed an intrapancreatic course of the portal vein with the pancreatic duct coursing anteriorly to it. The pancreatic duct was tortuous in the head region and was visualized partially. MRI was performed on a 1.5T MRI scanner (Philips Medical systems, the Netherlands), which revealed a tortuous course of the pancreatic duct without any evidence of divisum (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="poljradiol-82-38-g001">Figures 1</xref>, , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="poljradiol-82-38-g002">2</xref>). Based on the MDCT and MRI findings, a diagnosis of type III portal annular pancreas was made.). Based on the MDCT and MRI findings, a diagnosis of type III portal annular pancreas was made.']} | Portal Annular Pancreas: A Rare and Overlooked Anomaly | [
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Multidetector Computed Tomography",
"Pancreatic Ducts",
"Portal Vein"
] | Pol J Radiol | 1485244800 | Fluorescence anisotropy measurements of reagents compartmentalized into individual nanoliter droplets are shown to yield high-resolution binding curves from which precise dissociation constants (K) for protein-peptide interactions can be inferred. With the current platform, four titrations can be obtained per minute (based on ∼100 data points each), with stoichiometries spanning more than 2 orders of magnitude and requiring only tens of microliters of reagents. In addition to affinity measurements with purified components, K values for unpurified proteins in crude cell lysates can be obtained without prior knowledge of the concentration of the expressed protein, so that protein purification can be avoided. Finally, we show how a competition assay can be set up to perform focused library screens, so that compound labeling is not required anymore. These data demonstrate the utility of droplet compartments for the quantitative characterization of biomolecular interactions and establish fluorescence anisotropy imaging as a quantitative technique in a miniaturized droplet format, which is shown to be as reliable as its macroscopic test tube equivalent. | [] | other | PMC5286926 | null | 42 | [
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"{'Citation': 'Lach S.; Yoon S. M.; Grzybowski B. A. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2016, 45, 4766–96. 10.1039/C6CS00242K.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'doi', '#text': '10.1039/C6CS00242K'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '27293207'}]}}"
] | Pol J Radiol. 2017 Jan 24; 82:38-40 | NO-CC CODE |
|
Coronal MRI post-gadolinium enhancement showing the retroperitoneal lesion with a high signal rim (Black Arrow). | umj7802-129-f1b | 7 | 31d16ae3750ff7ca32d0cdbc4a2d0658b5192299314c5248a75e52807b647ff3 | umj7802-129-f1b.jpg | multiple | multiple panels: images | [
"Clinical Imaging"
] | [
"computerized tomography"
] | [
460,
563
] | [{'image_id': 'umj7802-129-f1b', 'image_file_name': 'umj7802-129-f1b.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC2699201/umj7802-129-f1b.jpg', 'caption': 'Coronal MRI post-gadolinium enhancement showing the retroperitoneal lesion with a high signal rim (Black Arrow).', 'hash': '31d16ae3750ff7ca32d0cdbc4a2d0658b5192299314c5248a75e52807b647ff3'}, {'image_id': 'umj7802-129-f2', 'image_file_name': 'umj7802-129-f2.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC2699201/umj7802-129-f2.jpg', 'caption': 'T2-weighted axial MRI comparable in position and image acquisition to Figure 1a demonstrating complete resolution of haematoma and IVC (White Arrow) without thrombus after 4-months of oral anticoagulation therapy.', 'hash': 'aa364e7881c559556a8ac9b8b30348bd2c561b3bda64351f5dd8648dd08d4e47'}, {'image_id': 'umj7802-129-f5', 'image_file_name': 'umj7802-129-f5.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC2699201/umj7802-129-f5.jpg', 'caption': 'T2-weighted axial MRI showing apparent stenosis of IVC at renal level (Black Arrow).', 'hash': 'f79ec6deb22240c54870426f87434ac3d5b3fe10e08d71d6238ae98ca3a8bb68'}, {'image_id': 'umj7802-129-f1a', 'image_file_name': 'umj7802-129-f1a.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC2699201/umj7802-129-f1a.jpg', 'caption': 'T2-weighted axial MRI demonstrating the mass (predominantly high signal) in the right retroperitoneal space anterior to psoas muscle between the IVC and right kidney (Black Arrow) compressing the overlying IVC (White Arrow).', 'hash': '8f909897336dcaa1d4c50c234fe854ecb876aaa5bfb1c941e308f704867fc524'}, {'image_id': 'umj7802-129-f4', 'image_file_name': 'umj7802-129-f4.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC2699201/umj7802-129-f4.jpg', 'caption': 'Coronal gradient echo MRI showing atresia of IVC between renal and hepatic segments (Sequential White Arrows) with a patent hepatic and suprahepatic IVC (PSC). Extensive, well developed collateralisation through ascending lumbar veins, azygous system and anterior abdominal wall subcutaneous veins (LC).', 'hash': '00d41b090ee4f70ba2dad2bca0bc05af082f411550f4eb53b7e1268dfdfd02a1'}, {'image_id': 'umj7802-129-f3', 'image_file_name': 'umj7802-129-f3.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC2699201/umj7802-129-f3.jpg', 'caption': 'T2-weighted MRI demonstrating iliofemoral thrombosis extending proximally into the infrarenal vena cava (White Arrow) with extensive collateralisation (C) around the upper retroperitoneum.', 'hash': '1b35059ab908e08839c972afe87a58609f8290086b88a6fe594b607e28088eb8'}] | {'umj7802-129-f1a': ['Doppler ultrasound confirmed bilateral common femoral vein thrombus. An IVC venogram via the right jugular vein demonstrated occlusion of the IVC inferior to the right atrium. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested that the retroperitoneal mass was a haematoma which had been compressing the adjacent IVC. MRI also demonstrated intraluminal thrombus extending proximally up to the confluence of the hepatic veins immediately inferior to the right atrium with distal extension to the femoral veins bilaterally (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="umj7802-129-f1a">Figures 1a</xref> & & <xref ref-type="fig" rid="umj7802-129-f1b">b</xref>). Thrombophilia screen did not reveal any abnormality.). Thrombophilia screen did not reveal any abnormality.', 'T2-weighted axial MRI comparable in position and image acquisition to <xref ref-type="fig" rid="umj7802-129-f1a">Figure 1a</xref> demonstrating complete resolution of haematoma and IVC (White Arrow) without thrombus after 4-months of oral anticoagulation therapy. demonstrating complete resolution of haematoma and IVC (White Arrow) without thrombus after 4-months of oral anticoagulation therapy.'], 'umj7802-129-f2': ['The patient was treated conservatively with subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin followed by oral warfarin and the application of compression hosiery. Subsequent MRI imaging demonstrated complete resolution of the mass and return of full patency of the IVC at 4-months (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="umj7802-129-f2">Figure 2</xref>). It remains unclear whether the IVC thrombus was preceded by the haematoma or vice versa. It was felt on balance that treatment should be directed towards the thrombus, especially in view of the early scans indicating speedy resolution of the haematoma. His bilateral lower limb pain resolved at an early stage and the patient remains well two years later with regular vascular and haematological clinical review. Warfarin was discontinued after one year. Subsequent haematological evaluation did not reveal any thrombophilic predisposition.). It remains unclear whether the IVC thrombus was preceded by the haematoma or vice versa. It was felt on balance that treatment should be directed towards the thrombus, especially in view of the early scans indicating speedy resolution of the haematoma. His bilateral lower limb pain resolved at an early stage and the patient remains well two years later with regular vascular and haematological clinical review. Warfarin was discontinued after one year. Subsequent haematological evaluation did not reveal any thrombophilic predisposition.'], 'umj7802-129-f3': ['Doppler ultrasound of the femoral veins demonstrated marked expansion of both vessels with intra-luminal thrombus. A CT scan of the chest/abdomen/pelvis revealed atypical venous anatomy where the IVC appeared slit-like between the hepatic and renal segment associated with marked dilatation of the infra-renal IVC, both common iliac veins and both external iliac veins. MRI imaging confirmed the CT findings and revealed a well developed collateral pathway through lumbar, azygous, hemi-azygous and subcutaneous anterior abdominal wall veins suggestive of long-standing caval obstruction (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="umj7802-129-f3">Figures 3</xref> and and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="umj7802-129-f4">4</xref>). MRI also demonstrated IVC stenosis between the renal and hepatic segments, with a large thrombosed tortuous left renal vein, and no evidence of haematoma (). MRI also demonstrated IVC stenosis between the renal and hepatic segments, with a large thrombosed tortuous left renal vein, and no evidence of haematoma (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="umj7802-129-f5">Figure 5</xref>). The superficial renal portion of the IVC was narrowed thereby consistent with a congenital malformation of the IVC. A transthoracic echocardiogram did not reveal any intra-cardiac or aortic root anomaly. Thrombophilia screens, anti-cardiolipin antibodies, serum electrophoresis, direct Coomb\'s, auto-immune, complement, anti-neutrophil and immunoglobulin screens were normal.). The superficial renal portion of the IVC was narrowed thereby consistent with a congenital malformation of the IVC. A transthoracic echocardiogram did not reveal any intra-cardiac or aortic root anomaly. Thrombophilia screens, anti-cardiolipin antibodies, serum electrophoresis, direct Coomb\'s, auto-immune, complement, anti-neutrophil and immunoglobulin screens were normal.']} | Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis in Young Adults – a review of two cases | [
"Deep vein thrombosis",
"inferior vena cava thrombus",
"retroperitoneal haematoma",
"congenital malformation"
] | Ulster Med J | 1241161200 | [{'@Label': 'OBJECTIVES', '@NlmCategory': 'OBJECTIVE', '#text': 'We describe a rare cause of posterior triangle cervical lymphadenopathy in a third decade female, outline the clinical and histopathological features and discuss excision biopsy as the investigation of choice in this age group, with lymphoma as the diagnosis of exclusion.'}, {'@Label': 'CASE REPORT', '@NlmCategory': 'METHODS', '#text': 'A thirty-four year old female was referred to our Head and Neck clinic with a one-month history of left posterior triangle lymphadenopathy. She reported no other symptoms and haematological investigations were normal. She was "Red Flagged" as a possible lymphoma. Excision biopsy revealed extensive histiocytic necrotising lymphadenitis providing a diagnosis of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease.'}, {'@Label': 'CONCLUSIONS', '@NlmCategory': 'CONCLUSIONS', '#text': 'Persistent posterior triangle lymphadenopathy in the 16-40 year old age group warrants "Red Flag" referral to rule out serious pathology such as HIV, metastatic cancer or lymphoma. When the ENT examination and haematological work up is negative, we advocate proceeding straight to excision biopsy as the quickest way to obtain a diagnosis, which sometimes comes up with the unexpected as in this rare case of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease.'}] | [
"Adult",
"Female",
"Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis",
"Humans",
"Lymphoma"
] | other | PMC2699201 | null | 10 | [
"{'Citation': 'Kikuchi M. Lymphadenitis showing focal reticulum cell hyperplasia with nuclear debris and phagocytes: a clinico-pathological study. [Japanese] Nippon Ketsueki Gakkai Zasshi. 1972;35:379–80.'}",
"{'Citation': 'Fujimoto Y, Kojima Y, Yamaguchi K. Cervical subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis. A new clinicopathological entity. Naika. 1972;20:920–7.'}",
"{'Citation': 'Pileri S, Kikuchi M, Helbron D, Lennert K. Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis without granulocytic infiltration. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol. 1982;395(3):257–71.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '7112935'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Scheinfeld NS. Cutaneous Kikuchi disease. Updated Feb 12 2008. emedicine Medscape Available from: . Last accessed Feb 2009.'}",
"{'Citation': \"Qadri F, Atkin GK, Thomas D, Das S.K. Kikuchi's disease: an important cause of cervical lymphadenopathy. Clin Med. 2007;7(1):82–4.\", 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC4953560'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '17348583'}]}}",
"{'Citation': \"Dorfman RF, Berry GJ. Kikuchi's histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis: an analysis of 108 cases with emphasis on differential diagnosis. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1988;5(4):329–45.\", 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '3217625'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Imamura M, Ueno H, Matsuura A, Kamiya H, Suzuki T, Kikuchi K, et al. An ultrastructural study of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis. Am J Pathol. 1982;107(3):292–9.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC1916249'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '6282130'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Louis N, Hanley M, Davidson NM. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: a report of two cases and an overview. J Laryngol Otol. 1994;108(11):1001–4.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '7829938'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Garcia CE, Girdhar-Gopal HV, Dorfman DM. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease of the neck. Update. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1993;102(1):11–5.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '8420463'}}}",
"{'Citation': \"Chang KL, Arber DA, Gaal KK, Weiss LM. Lymph nodes and spleen. In: Silverberg SG, DeLellis RA, Frable WJ, LiVolsi VA, Wick MR, editors. Silverberg's Principles and practice of surgical pathology and cytopathology. Volume 1. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2006. pp. 507–607.\"}"
] | Ulster Med J. 2009 May; 78(2):129-133 | NO-CC CODE |
|
Coronal reformat reproduced from CTPA study demonstrating wide spread ground glass opacity (white arrows). | umj7802-137-f2a | 7 | 21fa2a643d8dcfeca99c0584e6fcba963ec86c1ed6c67cfeb72f283c4f9d63e4 | umj7802-137-f2a.jpg | multiple | multiple panels: images | [
"Clinical Imaging"
] | [
"computerized tomography"
] | [
460,
359
] | [{'image_id': 'umj7802-137-f1', 'image_file_name': 'umj7802-137-f1.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC2699203/umj7802-137-f1.jpg', 'caption': 'Normal chest radiograph on admission.', 'hash': '8d1674fb91c8dadbc1f2fe6741494252b3ebe402a33163c8e4168a391763bd97'}, {'image_id': 'umj7802-137-f2b', 'image_file_name': 'umj7802-137-f2b.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC2699203/umj7802-137-f2b.jpg', 'caption': 'Transaxial HRCT image at level of the carina showing intralobular interstitial thickening (black arrow), interlobular septal thickening (grey arrow) and ground glass opacity (white arrow).', 'hash': '17384e4a5d6f9a09957470aac298db131d5f6c17f2fbfd72171b02ae1695d428'}, {'image_id': 'umj7802-137-f3', 'image_file_name': 'umj7802-137-f3.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC2699203/umj7802-137-f3.jpg', 'caption': 'Follow-up transaxial CT chest image demonstrating marked improvement in interstitial changes.', 'hash': '3657abcfcca59b5fe62d0bb0c157333bf0f597cdbcf714c77aba60476a842ff3'}, {'image_id': 'umj7802-137-f2a', 'image_file_name': 'umj7802-137-f2a.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC2699203/umj7802-137-f2a.jpg', 'caption': 'Coronal reformat reproduced from CTPA study demonstrating wide spread ground glass opacity (white arrows).', 'hash': '21fa2a643d8dcfeca99c0584e6fcba963ec86c1ed6c67cfeb72f283c4f9d63e4'}] | {'umj7802-137-f1': ['A 62-year-old female with a history of polymyositis was admitted with a four-week history of increasing dyspnoea. She had been treated with maintenance oral steroid therapy over the previous 4 years, augmented with oral cyclophosphamide over the preceding 4 weeks. On examination there were fine crepitations to the mid-zones. The patient was hypoxic with a Pa02 of 10.2 KPa on inspired FiO2 of 0.6. C reactive protein was elevated at 212 mg/L. Echocardiogram was normal. Initial chest X-ray was normal (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="umj7802-137-f1">figure 1</xref>). A CT Pulmonary Angiogram (CTPA) was then performed and thrombus excluded, however inspiratory and expiratory high-resolution (HRCT) scans were obtained subsequent to the CTPA due to the grossly abnormal appearance of the lung parenchyma on lung windows. High resolution scan images demonstrated widespread marked ground glass opacity with intra and interlobular septal thickening in keeping with a diffuse alveolitis (). A CT Pulmonary Angiogram (CTPA) was then performed and thrombus excluded, however inspiratory and expiratory high-resolution (HRCT) scans were obtained subsequent to the CTPA due to the grossly abnormal appearance of the lung parenchyma on lung windows. High resolution scan images demonstrated widespread marked ground glass opacity with intra and interlobular septal thickening in keeping with a diffuse alveolitis (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="umj7802-137-f2a">figure 2a</xref> and and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="umj7802-137-f2b">2b</xref>). Ground glass opacification describes the findings on HRCT of the lungs in which there is a hazy increased attenuation of lung with preservation of bronchial and vascular margins. This appearance can be caused by partial filling of air spaces, interstitial thickening, partial collapse of alveoli, normal expiration, or increased capillary blood volume). Ground glass opacification describes the findings on HRCT of the lungs in which there is a hazy increased attenuation of lung with preservation of bronchial and vascular margins. This appearance can be caused by partial filling of air spaces, interstitial thickening, partial collapse of alveoli, normal expiration, or increased capillary blood volume1. The presence of numerous intra and interlobular septa almost always indicate the presence of an interstitial abnormality, only a few septa should be visible in normal patients. Septal thickening can be seen in the presence of interstitial fluid, cellular infiltration or fibrosis2. Diffuse alveolitis refers to the combination of these appearances throughout both lung fields suggestive of an acute inflammatory process of the pulmonary alveoli.'], 'umj7802-137-f3': ['The patient subsequently required intubation and ventilation; EBV was identified on endotracheal aspirate with a copy number of 28,420/ml on quantitative PCR. No other bacterial, viral or fungal infection was identified. The patient was then treated with IV Aciclovir with subsequent dramatic clinical and radiological improvement (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="umj7802-137-f3">figure 3</xref>). EBV was not detectable on repeat airway aspirate following treatment.). EBV was not detectable on repeat airway aspirate following treatment.']} | Epstein - Barr virus Pneumonitis | [
"Epstein-Barr virus",
"Pneumonitis",
"Computed Tomography",
"Lung",
"Aciclovir"
] | Ulster Med J | 1241161200 | [
"Acute Disease",
"Campylobacter Infections",
"Campylobacter jejuni",
"Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial",
"Gastroenteritis",
"Humans",
"Northern Ireland"
] | other | PMC2699203 | null | 5 | [
"{'Citation': 'Food Standards Agency. A report of the study of infectious intestinal disease in England. London: The Stationary Office; 2000.'}",
"{'Citation': 'Moore JE, Crowe M, Heaney N, Crothers E. Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter spp. isolated from human faeces (1980-2000) and foods (1997-2000) in Northern Ireland: an update. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001;48(3):455–7.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '11533022'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Rao D, Rao JR, Crothers E, McMullan R, McDowell D, McMahon A, et al. Increased erythromycin resistance in clinical Campylobacter in Northern Ireland–an update. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005;55(3):395–6.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '15681584'}}}",
"{'Citation': 'Wilson IG. Antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter in raw retail chickens and imported chicken portions. Epidemiol Infect. 2003;131(3):1181–6.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'pmc', '#text': 'PMC2870068'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '14959786'}]}}",
"{'Citation': 'Van Looveren M, Daube G, De Zutter L, Dumont JM, Lammens C, Wijdooghe M, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter strains isolated from food animals in Belgium. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001;48(2):235–40.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '11481294'}}}"
] | Ulster Med J. 2009 May; 78(2):137-138 | NO-CC CODE |
||
CT angiogram images demonstrating a filling defect within the left internal jugular vein. | bcr-2020-239269f04 | 7 | 6bc19febf047fcdc50e87f360e2ff24278bea26e6230adac3215342620656318 | bcr-2020-239269f04.jpg | multiple | multiple panels: images | [
"Clinical Imaging"
] | [
"computerized tomography"
] | [
794,
298
] | [{'image_id': 'bcr-2020-239269f02', 'image_file_name': 'bcr-2020-239269f02.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC7549461/bcr-2020-239269f02.jpg', 'caption': 'CT imaging of the brain demonstrating foci of hypoattenuation in the brain parenchyma.', 'hash': 'f25d1f31000e17b6b399605a20f9a22f20d13130c396cbc98ea2e9543d133147'}, {'image_id': 'bcr-2020-239269f05', 'image_file_name': 'bcr-2020-239269f05.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC7549461/bcr-2020-239269f05.jpg', 'caption': 'Repeat CT imaging demonstrates resolution of hepatic abscesses, pleural effusions and airspace opacifications.', 'hash': 'c85cdab264feaa347cf015da20e035af5bae5c1dac034a47de3043a7b15a012e'}, {'image_id': 'bcr-2020-239269f04', 'image_file_name': 'bcr-2020-239269f04.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC7549461/bcr-2020-239269f04.jpg', 'caption': 'CT angiogram images demonstrating a filling defect within the left internal jugular vein.', 'hash': '6bc19febf047fcdc50e87f360e2ff24278bea26e6230adac3215342620656318'}, {'image_id': 'bcr-2020-239269f03', 'image_file_name': 'bcr-2020-239269f03.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC7549461/bcr-2020-239269f03.jpg', 'caption': 'MRI image revealing multifocal abscesses in both cerebral hemispheres.', 'hash': '41552f8bb6365b48c1a4d61597a0c52581ce88c756c1c33dd166f418f9d51326'}, {'image_id': 'bcr-2020-239269f01', 'image_file_name': 'bcr-2020-239269f01.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC7549461/bcr-2020-239269f01.jpg', 'caption': 'CT images demonstrating multifocal hepatic lesions and dense airspace opacifications.', 'hash': 'e84ef1cf21d1b4a0f0d330b42513081bf7b5a8d2be49d38816a8dbe58adb1a53'}] | {'bcr-2020-239269f01': ['CT of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis revealed multifocal hepatic lesions consistent with disseminated hepatic abscesses and multiple foci throughout the lungs in keeping with septic emboli (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="bcr-2020-239269f01">figure 1</xref>).).'], 'bcr-2020-239269f02': ['CT of the brain demonstrated multiple foci of hypoattenuation in the brain parenchyma suspicious for cerebral abscesses (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="bcr-2020-239269f02">figure 2</xref>).).'], 'bcr-2020-239269f03': ['Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed no vegetation but a patent foramen ovale was noted. SARS-CoV-2 swab and blood-borne viral screening were negative, while MRI of the brain demonstrated multifocal abscesses in both cerebral hemispheres (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="bcr-2020-239269f03">figure 3</xref>). Initial CT angiogram of the neck revealed bilateral dental abscesses but no neck collection or abscess, and no filling defect within the vasculature. However, a subsequent CT angiogram during the course of the admission revealed a filling defect within the left internal jugular vein (). Initial CT angiogram of the neck revealed bilateral dental abscesses but no neck collection or abscess, and no filling defect within the vasculature. However, a subsequent CT angiogram during the course of the admission revealed a filling defect within the left internal jugular vein (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="bcr-2020-239269f04">figure 4</xref>). No further filling defects were identified within the surrounding vasculature, including the lingual and tonsillar veins.). No further filling defects were identified within the surrounding vasculature, including the lingual and tonsillar veins.'], 'bcr-2020-239269f05': ['After 3\u2009weeks in ICU and a further 2\u2009weeks of ward-based rehabilitation as an inpatient, our patient was afebrile, symptom-free and mobilising with one crutch. Repeat imaging demonstrated marked improvement in the hepatic abscesses. He was discharged home to continue intravenous ceftriaxone and oral metronidazole via the outpatient parenteral antimicrobial programme, with plans to continue his anticoagulant therapy for 3\u2009months. Follow-up was arranged through the infectious disease clinic and repeat imaging at a 4-week interval showed resolution of hepatic abscesses, resolution of pleural effusions and airspace opacifications (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="bcr-2020-239269f05">figure 5</xref>), with considerable reduction in intracranial abscesses.), with considerable reduction in intracranial abscesses.']} | Fusobacterium necrophorum Late presentation of ‘Lemierre’s syndrome’: how a delay in seeking healthcare and reduced access to routine services resulted in widely disseminated infection during the global COVID-19 pandemic | [
"infectious diseases",
"infection (neurology)",
"radiology",
"ear",
"nose and throat/otolaryngology",
"haematology (incl blood transfusion)"
] | BMJ Case Rep | 1602313200 | The aim of the current study was to assess the risk for post-partum depression among women delivering during the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to the risk among women delivering before the COVID-19 pandemic. A cohort study was performed among women delivering singletons at term which were recruited in the maternity wards of the Soroka University Medical Center. Recruitment was done during the COVID-19 strict isolation period (March 18 and April 29, 2020). Women delivering during the COVID-19 pandemic completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the results were compared to women delivering at the same medical center before the COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to control for potential confounders. A total of 223 women who delivered during the COVID-19 strict isolation period were recruited. Women delivering during the COVID-19 pandemic had lower risk of having a high (> 10) or very high (≥ 13) EPDS score as compared with women delivering before the COVID-19 pandemic (16.7% vs 31.3%, p = 0.002, and 6.8% vs 15.2%, p = 0.014, for EPDS ≥ 10 and EPDS ≥ 13, respectively). These results remained similar in the multivariable logistic regression models, for both EPDS score ≥ 10 and EPDS score ≥ 13, while controlling for maternal age, ethnicity, marital status, and adverse pregnancy outcomes (adjusted OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.23-0.70, p = 0.001 and adjusted OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.15-0.74, p = 0.007 for EPDS score > 10 and > 13, respectively). In our population, delivering during the COVID-19 pandemic was independently associated with lower risk of post-partum depression. | [
"Adult",
"COVID-19",
"Cohort Studies",
"Depression, Postpartum",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Israel",
"Pandemics",
"Postpartum Period",
"Pregnancy",
"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales",
"Quarantine",
"Risk Factors",
"SARS-CoV-2",
"Young Adult"
] | other | PMC7549461 | null | 35 | [
"{'Citation': 'Abu-Ganem S, Sheiner E, Sherf M, Wiznitzer A, Sergienko R, Shoham-Vardi I. Lack of prenatal care in a traditional community: trends and perinatal outcome. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012;285(5):1237–1242. doi: 10.1007/s00404-011-2153-x.', 'ArticleIdList': {'ArticleId': [{'@IdType': 'doi', '#text': '10.1007/s00404-011-2153-x'}, {'@IdType': 'pubmed', '#text': '22124534'}]}}",
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] | BMJ Case Rep. 2020 Oct 10; 13(10):e239269 | NO-CC CODE |
|
Computed tomography of the chest on emergency department admission at the referring hospital. | gr2_lrg | 7 | 8e87834163add8be94876135c02cfe7e2a9224343eb9a1932aa01757ca3b8854 | gr2_lrg.jpg | multiple | multiple panels: images | [
"Clinical Imaging"
] | [
"computerized tomography"
] | [
708,
240
] | [{'image_id': 'gr3_lrg', 'image_file_name': 'gr3_lrg.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC7836635/gr3_lrg.jpg', 'caption': 'Chest X-ray at V–V ECMO initiation.', 'hash': 'a4c4d8a0275b6f3bd0367aa560e47d2e69099865ae6cf0b7b084bf4b16ed0e37'}, {'image_id': 'gr2_lrg', 'image_file_name': 'gr2_lrg.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC7836635/gr2_lrg.jpg', 'caption': 'Computed tomography of the chest on emergency department admission at the referring hospital.', 'hash': '8e87834163add8be94876135c02cfe7e2a9224343eb9a1932aa01757ca3b8854'}, {'image_id': 'gr1_lrg', 'image_file_name': 'gr1_lrg.jpg', 'image_path': '../data/media_files/PMC7836635/gr1_lrg.jpg', 'caption': 'Chest X-ray on emergency department admission at the referring hospital.', 'hash': '3576ef2f51877fc02c0f08fb13ca8e1d02908ddf381d1c5bef9b3908bd021a71'}] | {'gr1_lrg': ['He was admitted to a hospital approximately 40\xa0km away from our hospital (Supplemental Table 1). Chest x-ray revealed consolidation with air bronchograms in the left and right lower lobes, indicating multifocal pneumonia (<xref rid="gr1_lrg" ref-type="fig">Fig. 1</xref>, , <xref rid="gr2_lrg" ref-type="fig">Fig. 2</xref>\n). After admission, the patient complained of shortness of breath, and his oxygen saturation gradually decreased. On day 10 of hospitalization, invasive mechanical ventilation was initiated owing to low blood oxygen saturation with a PO\n). After admission, the patient complained of shortness of breath, and his oxygen saturation gradually decreased. On day 10 of hospitalization, invasive mechanical ventilation was initiated owing to low blood oxygen saturation with a PO2/FIO2 ratio of 60 (mechanical ventilator settings: BIPAP, FIO2, 1.0; PEEP, 12 cmH2O; inspiratory pressure, 22 cmH2O; ventilation rate, 28/min) (<xref rid="gr3_lrg" ref-type="fig">Fig. 3</xref>\n).\n).Fig. 1Chest X-ray on emergency department admission at the referring hospital.Fig. 1Fig. 2Computed tomography of the chest on emergency department admission at the referring hospital.Fig. 2Fig. 3Chest X-ray at V–V ECMO initiation.Fig. 3']} | Interhospital transportation of a COVID-19 patient undergoing veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation by helicopter | null | Am J Emerg Med | 1620025200 | The COVID-19 pandemic put global medical systems under massive pressure for its uncertainty, severity, and persistence. For detecting the prevalence of suicidal and self-harm ideation (SSI) and its related risk factors among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, this cross-sectional study collected the sociodemographic data, epidemic-related information, the psychological status and need, and perceived stress and support from 11507 staff in 46 hospitals by an online survey from February 14 to March 2, 2020. The prevalence of SSI was 6.47%. Hospital staff with SSI had high family members or relatives infected number and the self-rated probability of infection. Additionally, they had more perceived stress, psychological need, and psychological impact. On the contrary, hospital staff without SSI reported high self-rated health, willingness to work in a COVID-19 ward, confidence in defeating COVID-19, and perceived support. Furthermore, they reported better marital or family relationship, longer sleep hours, and shorter work hours. The infection of family members or relatives, poor marital status, poor self-rated health, the current need for psychological intervention, perceived high stress, perceived low support, depression, and anxiety were independent factors to SSI. A systematic psychological intervention strategy during a public health crisis was needed for the hospital staff's mental well-being. | [
"Adult",
"Anxiety Disorders",
"Asian People",
"COVID-19",
"China",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Depressive Disorder",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Male",
"Personnel, Hospital",
"Self-Injurious Behavior",
"Suicidal Ideation",
"Uncertainty",
"Young Adult"
] | other | PMC7836635 | null | 40 | [
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] | Am J Emerg Med. 2021 May 3; 43:290.e5-290.e7 | NO-CC CODE |
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