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Entertainment Music The Transformation From Bobby Zimmerman to Folk Icon Bob Dylan Building an Image With the Right Name for Rock 'n' Roll Share PINTEREST Email Print Express Newspapers / Getty Images Music Folk Music Top Artists Top Picks Rock Music Pop Music Alternative Music Classical Music Country Music Rap & Hip Hop Rhythm & Blues World Music Punk Music Heavy Metal Jazz Latin Music Oldies Learn More By Ben Corbett Ben Corbett has 20 years of experience as a music journalist focusing on American counterculture. He has written extensively about Bob Dylan. our editorial process Ben Corbett Updated February 05, 2018 Back in the late 1950s, rock 'n' roll royalty's most distinguished names were typically terse, snappy two-syllable appellations that shook, rattled, and rolled off DJs' tongues. “That was Chuck Berry, boys, and girls!” or “You were just listening to Buddy Holly!” It would be another solid decade before a name like Norman Greenbaum would become even remotely acceptable on the hip scale. So for a young rocker like Bob Dylan, whose senior yearbook goal was to “join Little Richard's band,” his birth name — Robert Allen Zimmerman — just wasn't gonna cut it. The "Bob Dylan" Mythology How the soon-to-be rock star's name evolved from Zimmerman to Dylan has become part of the great Bob Dylan mythology. It happened sometime between Bob's final year in high school and when he moved to Minneapolis to begin his truncated freshman year at the University of Minnesota. By most accounts, Bob was already a Dylan by the time he started hanging out in the cafes and among the folk crowd of Dinkytown, the student section of Minneapolis. The common mythology holds that Dylan took his name from poet Dylan Thomas. However, this is absolutely false. Bob was a Dylan long before he picked up any of Thomas's poetry. In a 1978 Playboy interview, Ron Rosenbaum asked Dylan, “By the time you arrived in New York, you'd changed your name from Robert Zimmerman to Bob Dylan. Was it because of Dylan Thomas?” Dylan's response: “No, I haven't read that much of Dylan Thomas... It wasn't that I was inspired by reading some of his poetry and going “Aha!” and changing my name to Dylan. If I thought he was that great, I would have sung his poems and could just have easily changed my name to Thomas... I just chose that name and it stuck.” Zimmerman Becomes Dylan According to Daniel Mark Epstein in his biography, "The Ballad of Bob Dylan," the switch from Zimmerman to Dylan began back when Dylan was 17 or 18. As the front man of his rockabilly-blues garage band, The Golden Chords, Bobby Zimmerman was the typical James Dean-posing rocker, playing high school talent shows and trying to impress the chicks. Even at that young age, Dylan had an amazing natural sense about the importance of image for entertainers. He groomed himself accordingly: it was all about the look and the appeal. Paramount to all, was the name. At the time, wrote Epstein, “He was a great fan of Matt Dillon, the sheriff of the television series "Gunsmoke." In 1958, he confided to his high school sweetheart (Echo Helstrom) that he planned to devote his life to music, adding that 'I know what I'm going to call myself. I've got this great name—Bob Dillon.' That was how he told new friends to spell his (assumed) last name. He also told them that Dillon was his mother's maiden name (it wasn't) and that Dillon was a town in Oklahoma (it isn't).” With the name Dillon fully intact, Epstein goes on to assert that the spelling shifted to Dylan in Dinkytown. Bob began plumbing the depths of world literature, “reading the poetry of Pound and Eliot, Ferlinghetti, and Ginsberg; the novels of Kerouac and William Burroughs and Dylan Thomas, rebaptizing himself Bob Dylan.” A Case of Mistaken Identity When Dylan arrived in New York in January 1961, although he was Bob Dylan, his driver's license still read “Zimmerman.” His birth name was something that he was very self-conscious about; he didn't want anyone to discover the truth. He was Bob Dylan. Nothing else. He didn't even tell his girlfriend Suze Rotolo, who found out his real name in late 1961 when, drunk one night, his draft card fell out of his pocket. Aside from all of his friends and family back in Minnesota, the world at large was ignorant of Dylan's true identity. For some reason, the media has always made a big deal about Dylan's given name. Part of this could be because Dylan had done such a thorough job in the early 60s designing an entire life story about his past, which the world took as truth. He was a teenager riding the rails around the country, singing with the great troubadours. He had traveled in a circus for a time. He had played in Bobby Vee's band. All of these were fabrications. Although he eventually changed it in the courts, his birth name still haunted him on November 4, 1963, when Andrea Svedberg's infamous Newsweek article came out. The story proved that Dylan's real name was Zimmerman, but it went beyond that. Rather than the mythological rambling hobo and teen runaway character he'd built his entire image around, he was actually raised in a middle-class Jewish family. What he discovered, however, was that the fallout of the expose didn't destroy his career, as he thought it might. Instead, he went on to become one of America's most celebrated singer-songwriters of all time. These days, after five decades of being Bob Dylan, fans still use numerous nicknames lending back to Bob's pre-Dylan past: Bobby Z, Zimmy, the Z-Man, The Zimster, et alia. |
Le Vent du Nord
MEL LEHAN HALL AT ST. JAMES i
3214 West 10th Ave, Kitsilano
Accessible All ages
This event has already taken place.
This concert is sponsored by both Vancouver Psychological Health and Safety Consulting AND Allevato Quail and Roy, Barristers and Solicitors. We appreciate their support of this artist and the Rogue Folk Club.
They were a huge hit on the main stage of the Vancouver Folk Music Festival just a few months ago. Now, they are coming back to Vancouver and you have the opportunity to experience them in the intimacy of a wonderful hall with great acoustics!
The award winning and highly acclaimed band Le Vent du Nord is a leading force in Quebec’s progressive francophone folk movement. The group’s vast repertoire draws from both traditional sources and original compositions, while enhancing it’s hard-driving soulful music (rooted in the Celtic diaspora) with a broad range of global influences.
Featuring button accordion, guitar and fiddle, the band’s sound is defined by the hurdy-gurdy, which adds an earthy, rough-hewn flavor to even the most buoyant dance tunes.” — Boston Herald
Since its inception in August 2002, Le Vent du Nord has enjoyed meteoric success, performing well over 1,800 concerts over 5 continents and racking up several prestigious awards, including a Grand Prix du Disque Charles Cros, two Junos (Canada’s Grammys), a Félix at ADISQ, a Canadian Folk Music Award, and “Artist of the Year” at the North American Folk Alliance Annual Gala.
The group exhibits great finesse and flexibility, appearing regularly on Canadian, American, French, and UK television and radio, and participating in a wide variety of special musical projects. They’ve collaborated and performed with a diverse range of artists including: Harry Manx, Väsen, Dervish, The Chieftains, Breton musical pioneer Yann-Fañch Kemener, Québecois roots legend and master storyteller Michel Faubert, the Scottish folk band Breabach, singer Julie Fowlis, and the trans-Mediterranean ensemble Constantinople.
Not content with standard approaches to tradition, Le Vent du Nord has also created a symphonic concert that, according to Voir Montreal, “puts all traditional folk naysayers to shame.”
On stage these friends create intense, joyful and dynamic live performances that expand the bounds of tradition in striking global directions. This is the modern sound of tradition, a music of the here and now.
WHAT THEY'RE SAYING:“A classy & rousing set by Quebec Folk heroes.” – 4 STARS – The Guardian
"Leave a positive feelgood feeling all over the body.” – Lira Magazine
"Exceptionally skilled, exceptionally experienced, and exceptionally entertaining”. – Sing Out!
"Sur toute la ligne, 53 minutes de pur bonheur. EXCELLENT!”. - Journal de Quebec
"Québec couldn’t hope for better advocates of its folk music.” Top of the world selection – Songlines
"One of the "Top Ten Folk Albums of 2009." – Boston Globe
"One of the "Top Ten International Albums of 2009." – Los Angeles Times
Environmental Initiative: Like many organizations, the Rogue is concerned about the environment. We are doing our best to separate and recycle wherever we can. We have introduced compostable cups at all shows. We will continue our existing policy of voluntary donations for the cups for the remaining 2019 shows. Starting in 2020, we will be charging 25 cents for all cups (beer, wine and coffee). We encourage people to reuse their cups if they return to the bar for another. We also invite you to bring your own cup or glass. Beer drinkers can choose to consume right out of the can. These may seem like small things, but they are an important contribution to cleaning up our planet.
The Rogue Folk Club is pleased to provide great Sponsorship Opportunities for all our shows. For a nominal cost, individuals or businesses can sponsor any of our shows and reap a number of benefits - free tickets, reserved table, recognition on literature, our web site and at the concerts. Find out more here, or simply contact our Sponsorship Director Morris Biddle at [email protected] |
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* Ratio of scholarly to non-scholarly works: 3
* Ratio of research works to non-research works: 3
* Subject range: 4
* Contains resources not freely or more cheaply available elsewhere: 3
* Value for money: 3
A substantial hike in price over the last collection, which means we’re now looking for $600 more value than the Original Languages Library, which is a big ask. I think it comes close, because the coverage is broader. This is actually the collection I started with.
It contains the same works as the last collection, as well as:
* Text of the Earliest Greek Manuscripts: $40 Very useful, for the reasons previously described
* Ancient Egyptian Literature, Volumes 1-3: $60 Another resource you won’t be opening often, but useful to have around the place for studies requiring archaeological background material
* Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the OT (10 Volumes): $120 A 19th century commentary, exhaustive in its analysis, and though dated still contains much of value. The general tone is conservative (it argues for a global flood, and rejects any form of the Documentary Hypothesis)
* A Greek English Lexicon of the Septuagint: $75 Very useful, for the reasons described previously
* Early Church Fathers (37 Volumes): $250 The classic collection of the works of the early Christians, essential for original research into the development of the apostasy, as well as providing a wealth of early Christian history. I have scoured these works for their prophetic interpretations, but they are also invaluable for tracing the development of apostate beliefs, as well as the history of the Biblical canon. It’s true this same collection of early Christian writings is available freely online, but there’s a huge advantage in terms of convenience when you use the collection which is integrated into the Logos Library system. It’s a whole lot easier to navigate, and a lot faster to search (and you can create far more complex searches). In addition, the Logos Library edition is linked to the Bible translations you have, making it easier to look up Bible quotes and allusions which are mentioned in the text. There’s also the useful keylink function
However, apart from that there’s not much to offer above the standard Scholars Library considered previously. We’re looking for $600 more value than the Original Languages Library, and it’s just not here. There’s at least $550 of extra value in terms of specific research sources, but arguably not more. There are more Bible translations, and some different manuscript resources, but not the type which are very likely to be used by most people. Are you going to read the Old Syriac Gospels in Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Curetonianus? I didn’t think so. Nor am I. I don’t even know what Syriac looks like. Having said which, the scope is certainly broader, which you may makes up for the financial shortfall. I think it’s a tough choice which you’ll have to make for yourself. I for one would miss The Context Of Scripture. |
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Lindsay White defines grassroots action. Bubbling from the San Diego scene onward, she has emerged as a notable voice with her writing and songwriting lent to her work in advocacy and inclusivity; she is a queer intersectional feminist, mental health advocate, and grief support advocate. More recently, White has established Lady Brain Presents, a supportive community of womxn looking to flourish with careers in the arts. In between, White’s published an essay entitled “Love by the Numbers: What to do (and not to do) when your Bipolar partner thinks she’s Jesus.” on top of partaking in pride events throughout the U.S. and leading songwriting workshops for the Rock n’ Roll Camp for Girls San Diego.
Of course, there’s also the case of her music. Her witty, expressive, and most of all heartfelt songwriting has earned her accolade upon accolade throughout the nation. Searingly earnest, her biography tagline may well say it best: “You’ll laugh, you’ll cry, you’ll call your therapist.”
Please tell us a bit about yourself. Where are you from and how did you get started in music? Any defining moments along the path to present day?
I grew up in a small town in Central California called Corcoran. My grandparents took me to their church every week, where I sang from the time I was in diapers until I left for college. Man-made religion messed me up in a heap of ways, but church was my first thousand gigs, so at least there’s that. On top of singing and performing, I loved to read and write and observe, so I eventually started making my own music. It wasn’t until after college that I began pursuing a creative career.
I’ve been at it for about fifteen years now, and it’s pretty much a blur of struggle and reward. Winning the Kerrville Folk Festival New Folk songwriting competition several years ago and touring alongside the other winners was a great experience because it felt like I actually got a small taste of being fully immersed in a world where songwriting was seen as a profession of value and substance, not just a hobby. I sure hope that wasn’t my peak, but it was quite memorable and meaningful.
As an artist, how do you define success?
I strive for success in terms of having the absolute freedom to spend my life doing what I love, but I find daily moments of triumph as the journey toward that place unfolds. I continue to learn over time that it’s possible to be simultaneously accomplished and ambitious.
What do you find to be your greatest struggle when it comes to the music business?
I struggle with the same challenges most folks in the working class face: lack of resources, specifically time and money. I have hustle, heart, and talent (hair flip), but it’s hard to focus on personal or professional goals when most of my time is spent working to keep a roof over my head. I want to make huge strides, but I’m lucky to take baby steps and even luckier if I don’t go backwards.
I read a lot of hippy dippy books about manifesting goals, and while most of them champion the power of positive mindset (which is indeed important), they often fail to acknowledge that the practice of self-realization is a luxury most effective when basic housing and health needs are already met. I think my personal struggle is a common one though I fully acknowledge as a white, straight-passing queer womxn, I’m not even close to the bottom rung of the opportunity ladder!
It’s the whole bootstraps myth. Greed rules all, so the richest of the rich continually accumulate at the expense of those who work for them, pay them rent, and buy their products. And unfortunately, many of those who are in a position to protect vulnerable citizens (in the government, in the media), would rather be in on the racket than hold people accountable. So the messaging is, “work harder and your dreams will come true.” Those of us who work ourselves into the ground are constantly sold this lie that we are both the problem and the solution. I’m all for hard work, but we also need to be talking about the fact that it is a privilege to pursue our dreams. And then we need to examine who gets that privilege, who doesn’t, and why.
Bringing it back to the music industry, many artists are not only experiencing income disparity from the “top” via dismal royalties, and stagnant wages, but they also struggle to find audiences who are willing and/or able to pay for art. Some of that is basic supply and demand, some of it is talent and luck, but I think a lot of it also has to do, again, with this chokehold on working people.
After working 50 hour weeks, do my wife and I spend $40 going out to support one of my local music friends at a concert, or do we rest up for the next 50 hour week and cook a cheap meal at home so we can afford rent and bills? I wish I could choose to support artists every time, but it’s not sustainable. Do I sound whiny yet? I really hope not, because this stuff really weighs on my heart.
What do you think is the most realistic goal you can achieve as an artist/band? What do you hope to achieve?
The most realistic goal I can achieve as an artist is to use creativity as medicine to heal myself, as a tool to build community, as a weapon to fight injustice, and as a hug to encourage compassion. I already do this to the best of my ability, but I hope to earn a real living doing this work because I consider it to be my purpose in this life. I’ll just keep yanking on my bootstraps til then.
Outside of music, what do you like to do that you feel contributes to the creativity that you tap into for your music?
In short, I like to read and think. I’m in a local Songwriter’s Book Club (organized by Unison Goody) where we write literature-inspired songs, and that’s always a fun and communal approach to creativity. I also am the organizer a relatively new collective of local womxn-identifying creatives called Lady Brain Presents (www.ladybrainpresents.com). Getting to know each member on a personal and creative level gives me daily inspiration and motivation to keep pushing toward creating spaces and opportunities where they don’t abundantly exist. YET.
Words by: Jonathan Frahm |
Religious dissertation or thesis
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This paper introduces a regulatory governance perspective on autonomous vehicles. It describes how new regulatory standards are being shaped for emerging technologies in the transport sector using the case of autonomous vehicles in Sweden and Norway.
The study employed traditional legal research methods. To interpret the application of the regulations, preparatory work, case law, and legal literature were examined.
Read the paper here. |
i had breakfast in the diner across the parking lot from the motel i stayed at last night, partly because it was such a Place that i couldn’t pass it up and partly because that’s what my dad would’ve done. he has a thing for diners. i don’t really know what to do with the recent realization that i am much more like my dad than i had even known (i discovered that i make decisions that echo decisions of his that i didn’t know he’d made as a young man – which is…A Lot), so when the urge to embrace it comes along, i’m just going with it. there’s plenty of time for that identity crisis to play out; i see no need to rush it.
while i was there, nursing a bad cup of coffee, i called my grandmother. it’s the first time that i’ve called someone while on the road, since i was busy doing the thing i do where i don’t communicate with people. i just get so swallowed up in my internal life that reaching outside of that takes a great deal of effort, often more than i have to spare. i have been texting people though, which honestly is such a Feat that i should get a medal. (in truth, it’s been delightful to get to share this trip that way. well worth the effort.)
but i’m talking to her and she’s missing me and, unlike her, i’m having a hard time getting a handle on the permanence of this situation. i’m moving, isn’t that wild? this trip isn’t just a trip, it’s a move. i know that, but i don’t really Know That, y’know? i’m happy to be moving, don’t get me wrong; it just doesn’t feel real yet.
today is the last day of soultrip – tonight, i’ll be in seattle, my new home. which is of course bittersweet. this road trip has been one of the best times of my life; i haven’t felt as much myself as i have while on it. living life completely unconstrained by anything is going to be very, very hard to give up.
so i’m gonna try not to.
seattle is brand new territory for me. it offers me a life completely free from any of the expectations implicit in a place that knows me. i have a couple friends there, but they’re the type who will let me be as many versions of myself as i need to be before i find the one i like the best. nobody else knows me and therefore no preconceived notions of who i am exist.
i am trying to keep myself from having preconceived notions, too. life can be anything. it doesn’t have to look the way i’ve always thought it would, or the way society expects it to look. since i have the opportunity to build a life from scratch, i’m damn well going to make the most of it. i know that this is a rare gift – one i might never get again – and i don’t intend to let it go to waste. god or the universe or whoever gave this to me and i’m too grateful to squander it.
yesterday, i was in a portland bookstore: powell’s city of books, which takes up an entire city block in downtown. it is, beyond the shadow of a doubt, the best bookstore in the world. i spent hours there, feeling faint among the towering stacks of books in color-coded rooms.
the purple room housed a christianity section that was four aisles large that in turn housed a mary magdalene section, the presence of which nearly knocked me off my feet. in the rose room in the ya section, there was an end display of lgbtq ya books, with a sign reading “i ❤ queer lit” – the heart was colored in rainbow; i had to work very hard not to cry. in the queer-specific section, which included queer theory, i found a shelf dedicated to bisexuality. seeing the word in print is always such an experience.
the store is so big and so wonderful and so completely captivating that i got lost and definitely thought about living in the literature section for the rest of my life, curling up to sleep on the hard floor near wuthering heights.
since the trip is nearly over and my being employed again is a close reality, i told myself i could spend too much money on books. once decided, my trip through the stacks became an exercise in self-creation.
i grabbed a queer ya novel because i’ve been out of the fiction game for a long, long time and the only place to start there is in queerland. (i confess to having very little interest in het…anything.)
i picked up a mary magdalene book that my other mary magdalene book had recommended (and one of the few on the shelf that portrayed her as a woman of color on its cover and like…if you’re portraying mary magdalene as a white woman on your book i’m…not gonna buy it…because you’re wrong from the get-go). i got a couple books of poetry — ross gay, for joy, and sappho, for queer — and a book about bisexuality that i’ve been eying for two years.
these books all address facets of the person i’m working to become – or to embrace. i’m finally in a place where i feel free to really be queer in a way i didn’t feel like i had the opportunity to before and i’m also finally at a place with my faith where i can shape and build and express it any way that i want and feel with surety that it is mine. the faith of my childhood and teen years was prescribed to me more often than not and i struggled, in the years after the death of my aunt, to get a handle on what it meant or might mean to me. and to be queer and a woman of faith at the same time? goddamn revolutionary.
i know that it is going to take a real effort not to fall back into old patterns or paths — which is why the books. i don’t want to do what is familiar; i want to do what is right. but i know that the pull of familiarity is strong as shit (how many diners have i eaten at while i was on the road???), so i’m declaring seattle my “try it” place, the land of new experiences. and i’m gonna make my friends — and my books — hold me accountable to that.
i want to be happy, goddammit. i deserve it. i won’t let my potential for happiness be overrun by apathy or fear. while i don’t know what exactly my happiness might look like, i do know who i want to be. i want to be good and compassionate, sympathetic and empathetic, i want to be hopeful and encouraging, to be someone who believes in kindness, to be a person who loves unreservedly and to great lengths – both herself and others. i know how much work those things take, i’m more intimately familiar with that than ever, and i am willing to put that work in. and i am willing to cut out anything that hinders those things.
i also know that i have been dying for the chance to be my full self in a way the midwest and my life trajectory therein were not allowing. now that that chance is within reach, i will not waste it.
best yet, i know now, with an absolute certainty, that i can lose damn near a whole goddamn life and still come out better afterwards. so what’s to stop me from reaching for everything my hands might grasp? |
We are thrilled to announce that Wil Mara has been chosen by the New Jersey Association of School Librarians as the 2020 New Jersey Author of the Year! Wil is a 35-year veteran of the publishing industry with more than 300 books to his credit. He has penned both fiction and nonfiction for all ages, written over a span of more than thirty years and released through some of the biggest houses in the world, including Rosen, Macmillan, Dorling Kindersley, Scholastic, St. Martin’s Press, Tor, and others. Most recently, his ‘Twisted’ series has become a hit with parents, teachers, librarians, and middle-grade students, including those in the challenging reluctant and hi-lo categories.
Wil also served inside the industry as an
editor, production manager, and executive for twenty years, with tenures at
Prentice Hall, McGraw-Hill, and Harcourt Brace. He has since entered the realm
of Hollywood, now developing his ‘Twisted’ series for television with one of
the leading LA-based production companies, as well as three other projects
based on his published works. Peripherally, he does numerous appearances to
teach writing skills for schools and other institutions, is an executive
committee member on the board of directors for the New Jersey Center for the
Book, the host of the ‘Voice of American Libraries’ podcast, and was the 2019
recipient of the Literary Lion of New Jersey Award, whose past winners include
Gus Friedrich, Dean Emeritus of Rutgers University, and Joyce Carol Oates,
National Book Award winner and Pulitzer Prize finalist.
For contact, please use [email protected]. All emails are answered within 24 hours.
Mark your calendars—on Thursday, October 29th at 3:00 PM EST, the Junior Library Guild will be hosting a live discussion about paranormal and horror elements in modern children’s literature, and Wil is going to be one of their featured guests to talk about his bestselling ‘Twisted’ series. This is one you don’t want to miss!
The JLG webcasts spotlight prominent figures from all around
the publishing industry, including authors, illustrators, editors, librarians, and
many others. One of their recent guests was Jason Reynolds, the current Library
of Congress Ambassador for Young People’s Literature.
The Guild has been wonderfully supportive of the ‘Twisted’
books, which have proven particularly popular with hi-lo and reluctant readers
(a topic that will likely be included in the discussion). The second title in
the series, ‘House of a Million Rooms’, was chosen as one of the Guild’s Main
Selection picks in 2019 and received the Gold Standard Award later that year.
More information about the JLG webcasts can be found here—
Some weeks ago, Wil interviewed Laura Penn, middle- and
high-school librarian for the central school district in Akron, New York, for
the ongoing ‘Voice of American Libraries’ podcast. The focus of their
conversation was the countless difficulties facing librarians as they enter the
start of the first academic year in the age of Covid.
The .mp3 file (running time just under 49 minutes) is HERE.
‘The Voice of American Libraries’ podcast is intended to
raise awareness of the many challenges in today’s library profession, both
school and public. It feature prominent industry figures discussing the most
pressing current issues in the hope of driving more widespread conversation
that will lead to best practices and effective solutions.
please use [email protected]. All emails are answered within 24 hours.
In light of the recent spike in interest in Wil’s 2012 thriller The Gemini Virus, we’d like to remind you again of the supplemental publication The Gemini Virus Readers’ Companion—a free download that has a whole slew of behind-the-scenes anecdotes, deleted scenes with explanatory notes, rare interviews Wil granted at the time, and the full text of his lecture on pandemic preparedness that he gave along with Dr. Marty Hewlett at the University of New Mexico that September (and offers some eerie foreshadowing toward the coronavirus outbreak).
The new Jason Hammond novella, Covid Patient Zero, which was previously offered as an online serial in ten weekly installments, is now available in its entirety through Amazon. It tells the story of Jason’s mission to trace the first person to be infected with Covid-19, aka the coronavirus. Jason Hammond has been a popular recurring character of Wil’s, featured in past bestsellers Frame 232 and The Nevada Testament, plus the upcoming novel The Diana Directive.
Wil received technical assistance on Covid Patient Zero from Dr. Martinez J. Hewlett, virologist and Professor Emeritus at the University of Arizona, who acted in the same capacity for Wil’s 2012 medical thriller The Gemini Virus.
Covid Patient Zero is available in both eBook (Kindle) and paperback formats, and with discount pricing. To order, use the links below. |
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Return to Book Page. You can find alternative covers for this ISBN here and here. Acompanhe os passos de Alberto. Originalmente publicado em folhetim na revista "O Cruzeiro", entre outubro e dezembro de Capas: Get A Copy.
More Details Original Title. Other Editions 7. Friend Reviews. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about O Escaravelho do Diabo , please sign up.
Be the first to ask a question about O Escaravelho do Diabo. Lists with This Book. Community Reviews. Showing Average rating 3. Rating details. Sort order. Start your review of O Escaravelho do Diabo. Jul 06, Jose Luiz Brandao rated it really liked it.
I read it when I was a teenager and I barely remember the story - I know I gotta read it again; one day I will, I promise - but from what I do it's enough to rank it as a very good detective story. May 01, Ricardo Zein rated it it was amazing. I loved those books, they are a fantastic introduction to literature for kids.
Feb 18, Patricia Ferreira rated it liked it Shelves: fiction , adventure , mystery. Good ook, a mystery set in a town in Brazil, very unpretentious and entertaining. Jun 07, Felipe rated it liked it Shelves: fiction. As far as I remember, a warm intrigued book that I read while in Elementary School. Nice reading for teenagers, but it lacks a more dense narrative and perspective towards its characters.
Still, I recommend it. Jul 06, Suellen Almeida rated it liked it. Nice criminal book. Apr 02, Flora Nunes rated it really liked it. Read as a kid. The story was so thrilling I couldn't stop, and I stayed up all night reading. Mar 24, Jamile rated it really liked it. A reading suggested by College. A great one! Mar 16, Luis Souza marked it as to-read Shelves: o. There are no discussion topics on this book yet.
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No need to waste time endlessly browsing—here's the entire lineup of new movies and TV shows streaming on Netflix this month. See the full list. Title: The Devil's Scarab Bruno Fabio Porchat is a young film editor who has just broke up his marriage with Regina, and returned living in his mother's house.
ISBN 13: 9788508145553
The story is centered on Alberto, a medical student who, upon seeing his brother killed after receiving a mysterious pack with a beetle inside, decides to investigate. The book as repinted for twenty-six editions. O Escaravelho do Diabo was selected for the National Program of Library of the School, in , and received a film adaptation in It begins when the character Hugo, brother of Alberto, receives a mysterious package with a scarab black beetle inside. However, he is not interested in the origin of the gift, because he thinks it is a trick of his friends. The next day, Hugo is found dead with a sword nailed to his chest.
O Escaravelho do Diabo
Vitimas ruivas recebem um escaravelho antes de serem assassinadas. Essa e a unica pista de que Alberto dispoe para chegar aquele estranho criminoso. Qual a relacao entre ruivos e escaravelhos? Quem sera o proximo? Convert currency. Add to Basket. Book Description Atica, |
The Division of Infectious Disease includes 31 faculty members, including 12 Professors, 9 Associate Professors, 6 Assistant professors and 4 Acting Instructors. The Division is committed to conducting cutting-edge research on infectious diseases relevant to children, delivering the highest quality of clinical care in the area of infectious diseases, and providing world-class education to trainees in pediatric infectious diseases.
The Infectious Diseases Division currently has over 50 active grants. Our faculty are affiliated with the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research and the Center for Clinical and Translational Research at Seattle Children’s Research Institute.
Investigators in CGIDR have made significant contributions to understanding viral and bacterial pathogenesis in children and adults. Most notable findings:
- Dr. Grundner discovered new functions for hundreds of proteins in the dark genomes of Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis using chemical proteomics (Mol Cell Proteomics 2018, Cell Chem Bio 2016).
- Dr. Sodora found that SIV infection results in immune changes and inflammation in the livers of nonhuman primates, these findings provide insights regarding how to treat liver dysfunction in HIV infected patients (PLoS Pathogens, 2018).
- The Kappe and Vaughan group has developed genetically engineered whole cell vaccine strains designed to protect against malaria parasite infection and has shown their safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in controlled human malaria infection trials (Science Transl Med. 2017, Jan 4;9(371). PMID: 28053159 and unpublished).
- The Frenkel group found that during effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) a subset of HIV infected clonal cell populations produce virions at low-levels persistently over years, and when ART is stopped these clones contribute to viral rebound, indicating that despite production of viral antigens HIV infected cell clones comprising the persistent reservoir escape immune surveillance (PLoS Pathogens 2000; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32841299/).
- Drs. Bull and Frenkel found that during ART-suppression discordant shedding of HIV RNA shedding from the genital tract arises from HIV-infected cells producing virions near the limit-of-quantification in association with infected cell proliferation, with no evidence of HIV replication.
- Dr. Smith and Dr. Ying Zheng’s group (UW, Department of Bioengineering) used bioengineered human 3D microvessels to study how Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells adhere within the brain microcirculation (Science Advances; 2020 Jan 17;6(3):eaay7243. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aay7243. eCollection 2020 Jan. PMC6968943 and mBio; 2019. May 28;10(3). pii: e00420-19. doi:10.1128/mBio.00420-19. PMC6538777 )
- Drs. Vaughan and Kappe showed that malaria parasite progeny fight for survival and drive out their parents during competitive blood stage growth (PLoS Genet 2019; 15(10): e1008453).
- Dr. Rajagopal’s group found that the pigment toxin exacerbates infection due to Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and lipid analogs attenuates GBS infection (Sci Immunol 2016;1(4):aah4576; Nat Commun 2020 Mar 20;11(1):1502).
- The Aitchison group, in collaboration with the Sherman lab at UW Microbiology, developed a novel method for single cell analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which was used to rapidly detect drug resistance in clinical isolates and will be instrumental in understanding the emergence of drug resistance in TB (Elife. 2020 May 13;9:e56613. doi: 10.7554/eLife.56613.)
- The Urdahl lab developed a new mouse tuberculosis (TB) model that reflects key features of human disease, providing new avenues to study TB and to test novel vaccines and therapies (Cell Host Microbe, 2020, in press).
- The Stuart lab identified gene expression changes in response to human infection by or vaccination against malaria, including those associated with immune protection [Rothen J. et al. (2018) PLoS One, PMCID: PMC6007927] and determined the functions of potential drug targets in multiprotein RNA processing complexes [McDermott S.M., et al. (2019) RNA, PMCID: PMC6800513] and of enzymes that control antigenic variation and coordinate numerous cellular processes in lethal trypanosome parasites. [Cestari I. et al. MCB, PMCID: PMC6336139, and Cestari, I. and Stuart, K. PLoS NTD in press}.
- Dr. Harrington found that malaria infection during pregnancy resulted in more maternal cells (maternal microchimerism) trafficking into the fetus and that these cells were associated with increased susceptibility to malaria infection but protection from malaria disease in the offspring (Journal of Infectious Disease, 2017).
- Scientists in the laboratory of Dr. Kaushansky has have developed and adapted new technologies for identifying key host regulators of malaria infection (Arang et al, Nature communications, Glennon et al, Cell Reports). These approaches are currently being applied to investigate regulators of the blood brain barrier (with the laboratory of Dr. Smith), viral infections (with the laboratory of Dr. Aitchison) and mediators of bacterial infections (with the laboratory of Dr. Rajagopal).
Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR):
Divisional investigators in the CCTR have made significant contributions to defining the epidemiology and clinical impact of viral and bacterial pathogens in children and adults. Notable findings:
- Danielle Zerr, Aaron M Milstone, Christopher C Dvorak, Amanda L Adler, Lu Chen, Doojduen Villaluna, Ha Dang, Xuan Qin, Amin Addetia, Lolie C Yu, Mary Conway Keller, Adam J Esbenshade, Keith J August, Brian T Fisher, and Lillian Sung published “Chlorhexidine Gluconate Bathing in Children with Cancer or Receiving Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial from the Children’s Oncology Group” in Cancer, 2020, under revision
- Dr. Kronman studies antimicrobial stewardship in both inpatient and outpatient settings to identify both ways to improve antibiotic use and unintended harms of antibiotic use. Examples include demonstrating that early life antibiotic use is associated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease (Pediatrics 2012;130(4):e794-e803), describing adverse events associated with prolonged antibiotic use (J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2015; 4(2): 119-125), demonstrating that outcomes of appendicitis treatment are equivalent with narrow-spectrum antibiotic therapy (Pediatrics 2016 Jul;138(1)) and involvement in a multi-site randomized trial evaluating a distance learning intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing for outpatient acute respiratory infections (Pediatrics 2020 Sep 146 (3).
- Dr. Englund, working with Dr. Helen Chu in UW Dept. of Medicine, has studied the diagnosis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the community (Chu et al NEJM 2020; McCulloch et al JAMA Network Open) and in children (Dingens et al Nature Communication 2020 in press). She has worked with obstetrical colleagues to study a novel nanoparticle RSV vaccine in pregnant women (Madhi et al, NEJM in press 2020). She also studies respiratory viral infections in transplant patients and in the community, including studies of community coronaviruses in transplant patients (Ogimi et al, JID 2020), and in infants in Nepal (Uddin CID 2018). She is interested in other viral infections in transplant recipients, pregnant women and infants in studies in Seattle (Murray et al Am J Trop Med, Nepal (Steinhoff et al, Lancet ID 2017; and Alaska (Chu et al JPIDS 2020).
- Drs. Zerr, Kronman and Weissman described the molecular and clinical epidemiology of multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae in US pediatric hospitals and identified that many infections with multi-drug resistant E. coli were community associated (J Ped Inf Dis Soc 2017; Epub ahead of print) and have collaborated on additional epidemiologic studies of antimicrobial stewardship (Pediatr Emerg Care 2018 Jan 2. doi: 10.1097).
- Dr. Melvin demonstrated the safety and efficacy of atorvastatin for treatment of hyperlipidemia in HIV-infected children and youth. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017; 36:53-60.
The ID division provides an inpatient consultation service and an ambulatory clinic. The clinical team includes 18 faculty members and three advanced practice providers. We have special clinical programs in pediatric HIV and pediatric transplant infectious diseases.
The Pediatric HIV program at Seattle Children's Hospital cares for HIV-infected children and adolescents from all over the state of Washington as well as from eastern Idaho. We also provide consultation to providers in Alaska caring for HIV-infected children. We collaborate with the Maternal Infant Care Center at UWMC in caring for HIV-exposed but uninfected infants. We have been a part of the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials network (previously known as the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group) funded by the NIH since 1989.
The Pediatric Infectious Disease section works on transplant-related disease prevention and treatment in collaboration with the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and pediatric transplant services at Seattle Children’s Hospital. Joint efforts in establishing guidelines, protocols, and individualized antibiotic plans are developed and reviewed with multiple services and divisions, including: Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Immunology, Solid Organ Transplant services (Cardiology, Nephrology, Liver, and Surgery services), and Pharmacy, as well as Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Control. A guidebook for approaches to the prevention and treatment of infections in this high-risk population has been developed with the cooperation of these services and made available to the ID service and all health care providers participating in the care of these patients .Pediatric Transplant ID collaborates with the transplant services through direct patient care, discussions, lectures, and patient care conferences.
First formed in 1979, the University of Washington’s Pediatric Infectious Diseases fellowship training program has had a consistent record of success in training leaders focused on basic or translational research pertaining to diseases that affect children, and has graduated a number of fellows who subsequently took on academic leadership positions at their institution such as Division Chief of Pediatric Infectious Diseases or Department Chair of Pediatrics. Approximately 85% of our graduates have remained in academic medicine or worked with governmental institutions including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the National Institutes of Health.
Our three-year program trains approximately 2 fellows per year in clinical pediatric infectious diseases and basic or translational research, with the goal of helping fellows launch academic research careers. Our fellows can select research mentorship from among the many outstanding researchers across the University of Washington, including in the Departments of Internal Medicine, Global Health, or Immunology. Further details on the program can be found here.
John Aitchison, PhD
Co-Director, Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Professor, Pediatrics, Adjunct Professor, Biochemistry, University of Washington.
Dr. Aitchison combines the fields of systems cell biology and infectious disease research to understand fundamental aspects of cellular organization and function and how pathogens disrupt and control these cellular behaviors. His earlier work focused on the development of systems biology approaches that included high throughput ‘omics approaches and computational biology to integrate and interpret large-scale data. His more recent work builds on these advances in the context of infectious diseases to understand the battle between pathogens and host cells and systems, and mechanisms by which pathogens evade host defense. Pathogens under study include yeasts, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Plasmodium falciparum causing malaria, and viruses.
Marta Bull, PhD
Research Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute.
Persistence of HIV at mucosal sites may provide a significant HIV reservoir even in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART), and might pose a barrier to a cure. Dr. Bull has been studying factors that promote persistence and replenishment of tissue reservoir that includes defining immunological microenvironments at mucosal sites, assessing viral dynamics, and the contribution of chronic herpes viruses to the maintenance of HIV reservoirs. Co-infection with other chronic viruses, particularly herpesviruses (HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV and EBV) are very common in HIV-infected individuals. Much of Dr. Bull’s work has focused on HIV in the female genital tract where she investigates whether the immune response to these infections maintains HIV tissue reservoirs due to antigen-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation with a subsequent increase in reservoir size. Her research evaluates the role of CD4+ T regulatory cells in HIV, and is interested in the role of this population of cells in the context of vaccines. Given Dr. Bull’s expertise in mucosal tissues and the immunologic environment in mucosal sites, she would be interested in industry collaborations focused on gaining a better understanding of the impact of and interplay between systemic vaccines and mucosal sites.
Horacio Duarte, MD
Acting Instructor of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Hospital.
Dr. Duarte’s research focuses on improving HIV treatment and prevention efforts in sub-Saharan Africa for children and adults through the use of decision analysis, health economics, and infectious disease modeling methods. To date, this research has focused on evaluating strategies to address HIV drug resistance in resource-limited settings. He is also interested in using value of information analysis to inform the prioritization and design of potential HIV clinical research studies. Dr. Duarte graduated from Harvard College, where he studied biological anthropology, and the University of Texas Medical School at Houston. He completed his pediatric residency and pediatric infectious disease fellowship at the University of Washington/Seattle Children’s Hospital..
Janet Englund, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital.
Dr. Englund’s research interests include the study of the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of viral respiratory diseases in children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised hosts. She studies new viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 with the Seattle Flu Study, as well as respiratory vaccines and novel methods of antiviral therapy for respiratory viruses including influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Dr. Englund has been a coinvestigator in maternal immunization studies with influenza vaccines in Nepal and RSV vaccines in Seattle. As a Clinical Associate at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, she is actively involved in transplant-related protocols with Drs. Michael Boeckh, Chikara Ogimi, and Alpana Waghmare in studies of the prevention, treatment and outcome of respiratory viral diseases in transplant recipients of all ages. Dr. Englund’ s research group at Seattle Children’s Hospital is part of the New Vaccine Surveillance Network of the Centers for Disease Control since 2010, participating in respiratory and gastrointestinal viral surveillance in collaboration with Dr. Eileen Klein, Pediatric Emergency Department. Dr. Englund and her research team are actively involved in studies of new respiratory vaccines and vaccine effectiveness, including vaccines for the prevention of RSV in infants, children, and pregnant women. Her group is also studying new methods to diagnose and characterize viral respiratory diseases including SARS-CoV-2, including novel types of specimen collection and serological evaluation in collaboration with the CDC-sponsored New Vaccine Surveillance Network, the Seattle Flu Study/SCAN study at the University of Washington, and with Dr. Jesse Bloom’s Laboratory at Fred Hutch. Dr. Englund is a frequent speaker at national and international meetings, and has been active in national and international organizations. She is past president of PIDS, past member of the WHO Influenza working group, and a current member of the Board of Directors and Influenza Working Group and SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis Working Group of the Infectious Disease Society of America.
Lisa M. Frenkel, MD
Professor, Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, Adjunct Professor, Global Health and Medicine
The Frenkel Group performs translational and basic laboratory research focused on HIV drug resistance (DR), HIV persistence and SARS-CoV-2.
Our group’s research on HIV DR aims to understand the establishment and dynamics of DR reservoirs and whether testing for HIV DR prior to antiretroviral therapy (ART) modifies outcomes (Lancet HIV, 2020; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31818716/). Our participation in the NIH International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) since 1989 and expertise in HIV DR has led to us serving as the primary HIV-DR genotyping lab for all US sites and the reference lab for international IMPAACT studies, providing CLIA-certified assays for more than a decade, and consulting work with the CDC and UNAIDS. With UW Bioengineers, our laboratory focuses on developing and validating inexpensive methods to assess HIV drug resistance (EBioMedicine 2019; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31767540/). Our research on mother-to-child transmitted HIV DR uncovered a series of errors across institutions that refuted the concept of transient infant HIV infection (Science 1998; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9582120/) and cemented our insistence on meticulous laboratory quality assurance. Current projects focus on: (1) HIV DR of non-B subtypes to the globally recommended ART (tenofovir + lamivudine + dolutegravir (TLD)), and with abacavir instead of tenofovir in young children; and (2) the development of a economical assay to rapidly detect “virologic failure” (i.e., HIV RNA load >500-1000 copies/mL plasma), and in specimens with failure, detect HIV DR at cost of reagents ≤$10.00/test in <2 hours; supported by two R01 and an IMPAACT award.
Our research on mechanisms underlying HIV persistence despite effective ART has introduced novel concepts to the field: (1) That low-level viremias during ART are primarily comprised of virions with identical env and pol sequences suggesting production by clones of infected cells (Journal Virology, 2005; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1181593/); (2) That cells with identical viral sequences appear to increase during ART, further supporting clonal proliferation of cells with provirus (Journal Virology, 2013; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3554159/); (3) That multiple cells have proviruses with identical HIV integration sites into genes, proof of clonal cell populations, which increase during suppressive ART and which tend to persist in genes that control immune functions, the cell cycle or cancers (Science, 2014; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25011556); and (4) That during effective ART a subset of HIV infected clones persistently produce virions at low-levels, including variants that contribute to viral rebound when ART is stopped, suggesting that clones that actively produce virus escape immune surveillance and serve as HIV reservoir of persistent infection capable of repopulating the host if ART is suspended (PLoS Pathogens 2000; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32841299/). Current projects include studies of: (1) HIV effects on the outcome of human papilloma virus infections in Ugandan women with uterine cervical dysplasia; (2) differences in HIV reservoirs of South African children and their mothers; and (3) identification of HIV reservoirs that rebound upon suspension of ART and the factors that select for persistence of these reservoirs; supported by three R01 awards.
Along with colleagues in the Center for Infectious Disease Research, our group is conducting studies to discover and validate biomarkers that can be used to identify people prior to infection who upon later infection are likely to experience asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. severe COVID-19 (project financed by Seattle Children’s, with NIH application pending review).
Benjamin Gern, MD
Acting Instructor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital.
Dr. Gern’s research focuses on the spatial organization of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the leading cause of infectious mortality. He uses advanced quantitative imaging approaches and more-physiologic murine models to characterize the factors dictating T cell function and trafficking within the context of the pulmonary granuloma. His work has identified the highly-localized role of TGFβ in the inhibition of T cell persistence and function, specifically within Mtb-infected tissues. These concepts learned from mouse models are subsequently tested in non-human primates. With recently developed collaborations, he plans to validate these findings in human tissues, with the ultimate goal of identifying targets for host-directed therapy and informing vaccine design.
Christoph Grundner, PhD
Research Associate Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains the most deadly bacterial pathogen, and rampant drug resistance requires renewed efforts to find new and better therapies. At the core of Mtb’s success as a pathogen lies its ability to sense and adapt to host cues, in particular through sensor protein kinase signaling. The Grundner lab maps these signaling pathways and determines their role in Mtb physiology. These studies provide fundamental insight into Mtb biology and identify new targets for therapeutic interference. Because the Mtb Ser/Thr kinases are related to eukaryotic kinases, we repurpose the extensive pharmaceutical resources developed for targeting human kinases for use against Mtb. A major bottleneck in Mtb research on every level is the large number of genes with unknown function in the Mtb genome. Determining protein function is currently exceedingly slow and proceeds one protein at a time. To scale functional annotation to the level of other -omics approaches, we use activity-based protein profiling combined with mass spectrometry towards high-throughput identification of functions for these unknown proteins. These new tools allow probing of even the most divergent enzyme space and provide a more complete understanding of the genomic dark matter of Mtb.
Whitney Harrington, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine; Principal Investigator, Center for Global Infectious Diseases, Seattle Children’s Research Institute.
Dr. Harrington’s research focuses on intergenerational immune interactions and their effect on susceptibility to infection during pregnancy and infection. In particular, her lab investigates the role of maternal microchimerism (maternal cells acquired by the fetus in utero) in fetal and infant immune development, early vaccine responses, and susceptibility to infection. She previously demonstrated that maternal malaria was associated with an increase in the number of cells that trafficked to the fetus and that these cells affected later malaria susceptibility in the infant. Current projects in her lab include isolating and phenotyping the maternal cells, determining whether infants acquire a maternal graft with immunologic memory, and whether the maternal cells affect the development of immune responses against malaria, HIV, and CMV in the infant. She collaborates with Drs. Aitchison, Frenkel, Jaspan, Sather, and Sodora within the division.
Rafael E. Hernandez, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s
Dr. Rafael Hernandez’s research focuses on understanding the pathogenesis of mycobacteria, including both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria. His focus is on developing better treatment strategies for both tuberculosis and NTM infections. One aim of his work is to understand how mycobacteria interact with cells of the immune system to promote their own survival and how this interaction induces drug tolerance in mycobacteria, making them more resistant to killing by antibiotics. Recent work has also focused on developing better treatment strategies for NTM. One of these projects uses a modeling approach to identify multidrug regimens which are more effective against NTM, which can be especially problematic in patients with cystic fibrosis or other underlying medical conditions. To conduct these investigations Dr. Hernandez employs a combination of bacterial genetics, microbiology, cellular in vitro and zebrafish animal models. This work will help to facilitate the identification and subsequent development of more effective and shorter treatments for both tuberculosis and NTM disease. Dr. Hernandez works closely with Dr. Sherman in the UW department of microbiology. He also serves as the director of the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Isolate Core at Seattle Children’s Hospital, which distributes bacterial isolates and performs microbiology testing to facilitate CF research both locally and nationally.
Heather Jaspan, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine; Adjunct Associate Professor, Global Health, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle Children’s Research Institute.
Dr. Jaspan’s research group has a major focus on development of immunity from fetal life until adolescence, with the ultimate goal to design new or improved preventive measures for infectious diseases. in addition to studying infant vaccine-induced immunity, the lab is interested in the interplay between mucosal and systemic immunity and the mucosal microbiome, including that of the infant gut and adolescent genital tract. To this end, the group utilizes a translational approach, combining epidemiological, molecular microbiological, immunological and bioinformatic methods, and supplements this work with mechanistic studies in in vitro and animal models. Dr. Jaspan also has a research team in Cape Town, South Africa where several clinical and translational studies are ongoing.
Stefan Kappe, Ph.D.
Professor and Associate Vice Chair for Basic Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine; Adjunct Professor, Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Medicine. Associate Director, Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute.
Dr. Kappe’s research focuses on the biology, immunology and vaccinology of obligate intracellular Plasmodium parasites, which cause malaria, and on the development of interventions that prevent malaria infection. Dr. Kappe is particularly interested in the parasites mosquito stages and pre-erythrocytic stages including sporozoite and liver stage biology, immunology and vaccine design. Both, the sporozoite stage but particularly the elusive liver stage, are challenging to work with and have remained poorly studied. The Kappe laboratory has pioneered functional genomics studies of both sporozoites and liver stages and has thus laid the groundwork for a systems approach to their analysis. The lab works with rodent malaria models and the human malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Dr. Kappe have made major contributions to the field by elucidating the molecular underpinnings that regulate sporozoite infectivity for the mammalian host, factors that are critical for parasite liver infection and key parasite and host factors that are critical for intrahepatocytic liver stage growth. He has also more recently contributed major findings in the area of host responses to liver stage infection and immunity to malaria parasite liver infection. Finally, Dr. Kappe has pioneered the design of genetically engineered, attenuated parasites for vaccination, which are tested in animal models but also in early phase human clinical studies called controlled human malaria infections. Dr. Kappe partners with biotech for manufacturing of these attenuated vaccine strains and further clinical development.
Alexis Kaushansky, PhD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine; Adjunct Associate Professor, Global Health; Principal Investigator, Seattle Children’s Research Institute; Member Brotman Baty Institute; Member Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
Dr. Kaushansky’s research focus is host responses to infection. Her laboratory is particularly interested in how pathogens of global importance alter the biology of their hosts to ensure their own survival. One major effort in the Kaushansky laboratory focuses on how Plasmodium parasites, the causative agent of malaria, alter two major environments after infection: (1) the liver, which is the site of asymptomatic infection and (2) the blood brain barrier, whose breakdown causes the most severe form of malaria pathogenesis, cerebral malaria. By identifying key host regulators of infection and pathogenesis, the Kaushansky lab has identified targeted interventions that can eliminate infection. In addition to uncovering key regulators of malaria infection, research from the Kaushansky lab has also highlighted similarities and differences between the host response to infection by the divergent parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma cruzi. A better understanding of these similarities and differences could lead to broadly applicable interventions that target multiple infections with a single regimen. Acknowledging that the “right tools for the job” are often not available when studying infectious disease, the Kaushansky lab has ongoing efforts that aim to develop technologies that overcome barriers to studying infectious disease. These tools include (1) computational tools to model host and drug responses to infection, (2) robotic systems to automate laborious laboratory tasks and, (3) the development of organs-on-chip systems in collaboration with bioengineers to study infections in vitro in a realistic environment. She collaborates broadly with scientists throughout the University of Washington and internationally. Within the division, she has ongoing research projects with Drs. Sather, Smith, Aitchison and Rajagopal. A list of research publications can be found here.
Matthew "Boots" Kronman, MD, MSCE
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s; Program Director, Pediatric Infectious Diseases fellowship training program; Associate Medical Director of Infection Prevention, Seattle Children’s Hospital.
Dr. Kronman’s primary research interest is antimicrobial stewardship, using the tools of pharmacoepidemiology to understand current patterns of antimicrobial use, identify the unintended consequences of antimicrobial overuse, and ultimately find ways to improve the overall quality of antimicrobial prescribing for various conditions. His clinical time is split between inpatient Infectious Diseases consultations and the outpatient Infectious Diseases Clinic. He works closely with Dr. Frenkel, the Research Director and Training Grant Principal Investigator, to coordinate all aspects of research training for our fellows. Within the Division, he collaborates with Drs. Zerr and Weissman on projects related to infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship. Outside the Division, he collaborates with researchers at other institutions on projects related to antimicrobial stewardship in both inpatient and outpatient settings.
Jairam Lingappa, MD, PhD
Associate Director, International Clinical Research Center (ICRC); Professor of Global Health and Medicine; Adjunct Professor of Pediatrics.
Dr. Lingappa has been a faculty member at the University of Washington since 2004 and is currently a Professor in the Departments of Global Health and Medicine and Adjunct Professor in the Department of Pediatrics. He received his B.A. in Physics from Swarthmore College, Ph.D. in Biophysics at Harvard University and M.D. at the University of California. He completed residency training in Pediatrics and a fellowship in Pediatric Infectious Diseases at the University of Washington. From 1998 to 2003, he served as an officer with the US Public Health Epidemic Intelligence Service and subsequently as a medical epidemiologist at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Lingappa’s research is primarily focused on studies in African heterosexual HIV-1 discordant couples: stable couples with one partner HIV-1 infected and the other HIV-1 uninfected. Over the last decade, he has focused on conducting translational research studies to understand the sexual transmission and pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and to identify host biological correlates for outcomes from exposure to HIV-1. In this context he collaborates with US domestic and international researchers to integrate genomics, proteomics and microbiome laboratory studies with state-of-the-art statistical analyses to identify host factors that could be targeted for public health HIV-1 prevention interventions. Most recently his collaborative studies have succeeded in identifying variants in the host gene, CD101, as carrying significant risk of HIV-1 infection. He is currently funded with through grants from the US National Institutes of Health, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Ann Melvin, MD
Clinical Director, Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital
Dr. Melvin is director of the Pediatric HIV program at SCH. Her research interests are in the antiretroviral management of HIV disease in children and prevention and management of complications of HIV treatment. Dr. Melvin is principle investigator of the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials unit at the Seattle Children’s Research Institute, sponsored by the NIH. She is a vice-chair of the DHHS Panel on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-Infected Children: Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Pediatric HIV Infection. She is also the Faculty lead for the research recruitment service for the Institute for Translational Health Sciences of the University of Washington. She collaborates with Drs. Frenkel, Englund and Vora.
Peter J Myler, Ph.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute and Director of the Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID).
The Myler laboratory makes extensive use of genome-scale approaches, such as for genome (re-)sequencing, mRNA profiling (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation using sequencing (ChIP-seq), to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying transcription and regulation of gene expression during Leishmania differentiation. We are particularly interested in elucidating the role of epigenomic histone and DNA modifications (including the novel DNA base J) in these processes. For the past 20 years, we have been actively involved in structural genomics and Dr. Myler is currently PI and director of the Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), which is funded under a contract from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). The mission of SSGCID is to use X-ray crystallography, Cryo-electron microscopy and NMR spectroscopy to solve the structure of proteins targets in emerging and re-emerging infectious disease organisms, primarily to facilitate development of new therapeutics using structure-based drug design.
Chikara Ogimi, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital; Research Associate, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Dr. Ogimi’s research interests include the study of diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive strategies for respiratory viral infections in children and immunocompromised hosts. Dr. Ogimi’s research has contributed to assessing the clinical impact of seasonal human coronavirus, one of the most common respiratory viruses for these populations. Currently, he is investigating the disease burden of a wider spectrum of respiratory viruses, establishing new endpoints, and evaluating the interaction between respiratory viral infections and antibiotic use in transplant recipients. Dr. Ogimi works closely with Drs. Janet Englund, Alpana Waghmare and Michael Boeckh.
Lakshmi Rajagopal, PhD
Professor of Pediatrics, Adjunct Associate Professor of Microbiology and Global Health, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute
Dr. Rajagopal is a Professor of Pediatrics, Adjunct Professor of Microbiology and Global Health at the University of Washington in Seattle, WA. Her laboratory is located at Seattle Children’s Research Institute. Her research interest is to understand virulence mechanisms of human pathogens and their interactions with the host. Her laboratory currently focuses on understanding how virulence factors of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) contribute to stillbirth, preterm birth and neonatal infections. Studies from her laboratory showed that the molecular basis for GBS hemolysis is the ornithine rhamnolipid pigment and increased pigment expression exacerbates GBS virulence. Dr. Rajagopal has received multiple grants from the National Institutes of Health for her GBS research and serves as a permanent member of the Bacterial Pathogenesis Study Section. Recently, Dr. Rajagopal is also involved in efforts to understand how the Zika virus causes fetal injury during pregnancy. The goal of the research in the Rajagopal laboratory is to ultimately translate the research findings into therapeutic measures that can prevent infections during pregnancy.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/myncbi/lakshmi.rajagopal.1/bibliography/41150840/public/?sort=date&direction=descending
Jennifer Rathe, MD, PhD
Acting Instructor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital.
I am a Pediatric Infectious Disease physician scientist who evaluates patients with complicated infections and investigates respiratory viral infections. My research focuses on understanding the key interactions of the host-viral interface in pediatric rhinovirus infections in ex-vivo human airway models. With these and future studies, I hope to identify highly impactful therapeutic targets that guide development of treatments to benefit vulnerable populations. I am a recipient of the Stanley and Susan Plotkin / Sanofi Pasteur fellowship Award providing invaluable support of my research.
D. Noah Sather, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute.
Dr. Sather’s research focuses on the development of vaccines to induce protective antibody responses against disease causing pathogens. A guiding principle of this work is to understand infection-induced antibody responses to serve a natural prototype to guide vaccine development. The two main areas for research are HIV-1 and malaria. His HIV-1 work has helped to define how broadly neutralizing antibodies develop during infection, and his current efforts are focused on understanding the kinetics, dynamics, and evolution of B cell responses to vaccination with HIV-1 Envelope proteins. His malaria work spans two species of malaria-causing parasites: Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. The major areas of this work include identification of new vaccine candidates, optimization of protective responses, and understanding how pre-existing immunity influences vaccine outcomes. Publications: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=noah+sather&sort=date
Sherilyn Smith, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s.
Dr. Smith’s interests are in medical education, teaching and curriculum development. She is currently the Clinical Skills Learning Specialist at the University of Washington and Aquifer Chief Academic Officer (an educational not for profit). Her research focuses on innovations in medical education.
Joseph D. Smith, PhD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute
Dr. Smith’s research is focused on understanding malaria pathogenesis and new approaches to treat vascular dysfunction from hyperinflammatory injury. One focus in his laboratory is to understand how Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells bind to the endothelial lining of different microvascular beds and how this interaction leads to vascular inflammation and leak. His laboratory uses a combination of field-based and laboratory studies to investigate severe malaria. Another research focus is using systems-based approaches to investigate host signaling mechanisms that regulate endothelial barrier properties and evaluating new therapeutic approaches to treat vascular injury. A complete list of Smith lab publications can be found here.
Donald Sodora, PhD
Professor, Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Professor, Pediatrics, Adjunct Professor, Dept. Global Health, University of Washington.
Dr. Sodora’s studies have evaluated the interplay between the host and viral infections. Over the past 20 years the focus of the laboratory has primarily been on understanding transmission and disease progression during HIV infection. These studies have included infants, identifying changes within the infant immune system that may influence whether an exposure to HIV results in a successful infection. More recently, the laboratory has begun to assess host-virus interactions during SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) infections. The long-term goal of the ongoing studies is to identify novel approaches for development of vaccines or therapeutic approaches to prevent the spread and disease complications resulting from a viral infection.
Studies in the Sodora laboratory include both animal models and human cohort studies.
Caleb Stokes, MD, PhD
Acting Instructor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital
I am interested in the mechanisms of brain injury caused by infection or inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS). My undergraduate and graduate training was in basic and developmental neurosciences; understanding neural circuits and nervous system dysfunction are some of my primary scientific motivations. As an infectious diseases clinician and translational researcher my career goal is to find ways of enhancing immune protection and limiting the detrimental effects of inflammation in neuronal circuits. I am currently studying how the innate immune system helps control Zika virus infection, using induced neural progenitor cells which are derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Using this system, we are able to derive all of the major cell types present in the developing brain, which has allowed us to identify differences in the ways that neural progenitors, neurons and glia respond to viral infection. I am actively engaged in teaching and mentoring activities through Seattle Children’s hospital and my basic science work. I am firmly committed to increasing the number and impact of underrepresented minorities and women in biomedical research and improving equity in medicine.
NIH bibliography: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/1t3Q9m88doE56/bibliography/public/
Ken Stuart, PhD
Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute
Dr. Stuart’s research is focused on protozoan pathogens and the diseases that they cause. These include malaria which is caused by Plasmodium parasites and three diverse diseases caused by related Trypanosomatid and Leishmanial parasites. His lab investigates Human immune responses to malaria vaccination and infection in order to aid vaccine development. He also investigates fundamental molecular and cellular processes of trypanosomatid parasites in order to elucidate novel molecular functions and identify potential drug targets. Dr. Stuart is well known for his groundbreaking studies of RNA editing, a novel fundamental genetic process. He also led parasite genomics and drug discovery consortia and currently leads a multi-institution U19 research program on human immune responses to HIV, malaria and TB, which is part of the NIH Human Immunology Project Consortium. He has served on NIH study sections and USAID and WHO advisory groups and currently serves on the NIAID council.
Kevin Urdahl, MD, PhD
Professor of Pediatrics and Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute.
Dr. Urdahl’s research is focused on understanding the immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and seeks to inform the rational design of an effective vaccine. He uses advanced immunologic approaches in the mouse Mtb model to identify innate and adaptive mechanisms that promote immunity against Mtb, as well as those that restrict immunity. Recently, his lab has developed a new mouse model, in which mice are infected with an ultra-low dose of Mtb (1-3 founding bacteria), that better recapitulates several features of human TB. They are currently using this model to gain new insights into Mtb immunity and pathogenesis, and also hope to develop this model further as a platform for pre-clinical testing of TB vaccine and therapeutic candidates. Dr. Urdahl is the PI of Cascade IMPAc-TB, a large NIH consortium that seeks to identify mechanisms of immunity against Mtb by integrating animal and human studies. Through this consortium, he collaborates with three clinical sites in Africa and his research in mice is shaped by this crosstalk with human TB research.
Ashley Vaughan, BSc, PhD
Research Assistant Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle Children’s Research Institute
Ashley received his PhD from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and studies the disease malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites. He has showed the importance of the parasite’s fatty acid synthetic pathway for sporozoite and liver stage maturation. He also researches how to elicit the most protective immune response after vaccination with genetically attenuated parasites. Ashley has led significant advances in the use of human-liver chimeric mouse models in studying malaria. This includes complete liver stage development and the transition to blood stage malaria in the mouse for the human malarias Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. He has also used this mouse model for the creation of experimental Plasmodium falciparum genetic crosses, a significant advance that will aid in our understanding of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance. Ashley continues to be fascinated by basic parasite pre-erythrocytic biology and uses rodent malaria and parasite transgenesis to understand how the parasite interacts with its vector and host during sporozoite and liver stage development. Ashley collaborates with Drs. Sather, Kappe and Aitchison.
Surabhi (Sara) Vora, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital.
Dr. Vora’s primary research area of interest is infections in immunocompromised hosts, especially viral and fungal infections in patients with immune deficiency and CAR T-cell and HCT patients. She is an investigator for the International Pediatric Fungal Network as well as the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Transplant Network and involved in multidisciplinary efforts to develop local and national guidance for pediatric patients with COVID-19 infections. Her clinical time is split between the inpatient infectious diseases service and outpatient clinic. In addition, she serves as a consultant to the Seattle Children’s Hospital Clinical Effectiveness (CE) Program, assisting with the development and implementation of standardized clinical pathways of care. Dr. Vora is Co-Director of the CE program’s Research and Writing Team, which works to disseminate learnings from clinical pathways to quality improvement literature.
Alpana Waghmare, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital
Assistant Professor, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Dr. Waghmare’s research is focused on respiratory viral infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised adults and children. She is interested in the factors that influence disease severity and progression, with the intent to identify diagnostic, prevention, and treatment strategies. Dr. Waghmare’s focus to date has been on the impact of human rhinovirus, the most common virus detected from respiratory specimens in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. She is working to identify clinical, viral, and host factors that may serve as biomarkers for disease severity. Viral factors she is evaluating include viral load in blood and respiratory secretions, strain type, and shedding duration. Host factors are being evaluated through host cytokine responses and whole blood gene expression profiles. These determinants of disease will serve as biomarkers for risk stratification and can be used diagnostically to predict poor outcome, thus defining patients who warrant aggressive treatment strategies. Additionally, these studies will provide important insight into biologic pathways during infection and define possible targets for intervention. Dr. Waghmare’s group is investigating similar markers of disease progression for other respiratory viruses, including parainfluenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus. Since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Dr. Waghmare has been evaluating the natural history of infection in a longitudinal surveillance cohort study of individuals at high risk of infection. The goals of the study include understanding the incidence rate, viral shedding duration and re-infection rates as well as defining the kinetics of antibody and T-cell responses in infected individuals.
Dr. Waghmare is also involved in clinical trials for novel antivirals and immune based therapies for the treatment of respiratory viral infections in children and adults.
Thor Wagner, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital
Dr. Wagner’s research is focused on understanding and treating chronic viral infections. His primary focus is pediatric HIV, which accounts for 10% of all HIV deaths. Dr. Wagner has been focused on the mechanisms that allow HIV to persist despite prolonged antiretroviral treatment. This research led Dr. Wagner to focus on treatment strategies that target HIV-infected cells. Currently Dr. Wagner is developing anti-HIV chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, which are also resistant to HIV, as a potential strategy to cure HIV. The lab is currently optimizing this approach in vitro and testing CAR T cells in small and large animal models. His lab has also started to explore cell therapy for other chronic viral infections.
Scott Weissman, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine; Medical Director, Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Seattle Children’s Hospital.
Since 2000, we have witnessed the worldwide emergence of Gram-negative 'superbugs' such as E. coli ST131 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 which not only encode multiple virulence factors associated with extraintestinal disease, but also Class A enzymes that hydrolyze third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenem antibiotics (CTX-M-15 and KPC, respectively). Dr. Weissman’s lab developed and used PCR- and sequence-based molecular typing techniques to characterize clinical isolate collections gathered through active and passive surveillance by NIH-funded multicenter studies at freestanding children’s hospitals, the NICHD Neonatal Research Network, and by local and state Departments of Health in California, Minnesota, Oregon and Washington. Specifically, his lab developed molecular techniques to characterize the complex spread of plasmid-borne, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase enzymes among Enterobacteriaceae. These molecular studies have shed light on the regional dynamics of antibiotic resistance, a complex mix of autochthonous (“indigenous”) and imported pathogens that circulate through healthy and vulnerable populations alike, both in community and healthcare settings, and will inform the development of “One Health” surveillance systems that may provide for inference of molecular dynamics from pooled clinical microbiology data. Dr. Weissman currently focuses on leveraging clinical microbiology data to inform antimicrobial stewardship interventions.
Danielle Zerr, MD, MPH
Division Chief and Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine; Affiliate Investigator, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Medical Director of Infection Prevention, Seattle Children’s Hospital.
Dr. Zerr’s research has focused on two main areas: (1) Defining the epidemiology of viral pathogens in healthy children and immunocompromised hosts and (2) describing the epidemiology and defining effective prevention strategies for healthcare-associated infections. Dr. Zerr’s research has contributed to defining the natural history of primary infection with human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B), a virus that infects most people by age 3 years. Her work has also helped define the epidemiology and disease associations of HHV-6B reactivation following transplantation. Dr. Zerr recently led a trial through Children’s Oncology Group to determine whether bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate reduces central line-associated bloodstream infections in children with cancer.
Her clinical time includes inpatient Infectious Diseases consultations and the outpatient Infectious Diseases clinic. In addition, she is the Medical Director for the Infection Prevention Program at Seattle Children’s Hospital. Outside the hospital, she enjoys hiking and cross-country skiing whenever she can find someone to go along. She also loves spending time with her young adult children, spouse, and pups.
The overall goal of our training programs is to train individuals for careers in academic pediatrics who will be skilled investigators and clinical subspecialists. Clinical training is intensive during the first year; our institutions have large patient bases, providing a rich clinical exposure over the six-twelve months of intensive clinical training. Subsequent years are devoted primarily to investigation, with clinics at sufficient frequency to develop a longitudinal perspective on patient management and to maintain clinical skills.
For more information, please visit the Pediatrics Infectious Disease Fellowship webpage
Division Chief and Professor of Pediatric Infectious Disease Affiliate Investigator, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Medical Director of Infection Prevention, Seattle Children’s Hospital
Seattle Children's Research Institute
1900 9th Ave.
Box 359300; MS MA.7.226
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Thank you so much for all of your support over the past 6 years. All of the yarn has been sold, and the shop is now closed. I do still have some dyes and other supplies for sale; you can find that list here.
This website will remain for a few months (July at the latest) so you can still have access to the blog posts. I will be transferring the blog posts to another site sometime between now and then and will redirect the URL once I do, so you can continue to use the roundtableyarns.com address to access the knitting tips and tricks I've shared over the years.
Added January 28, 2021: I am trying out Substack to see if that might be a good fit for the blog/newsletter content. It's something that you can subscribe to and get emails of the posts as well as visit a site to read all the collected posts. It also seems pretty flexible if I ever want to add additional new posts. I've transferred the content from this website over there (and added in some of the articles for the more recent newsletters), so please give it a try (you can sign up below) if you're interested in seeing how it works and let me know what you think! Thanks!
This came through the mail VERY quickly. Impressive given the recent frequent mail delays. Haven't started my project yet, but the color is gorgeous, saturated and the yarn is incredibly soft. Should make a beautiful garment.
Every online order has been rec’d with 3-5 days of placing the order and all have been accurate.
I love the personal notes that Karen always adds to the invoice! I’m going to miss her customer service!
Camelot is one of my favorite of all bases. Karen's colors are so rich and beautiful. While her yarns will be missed, I wish her the best on her future endeavors.
The yarn arrived very quickly and is a beautiful soft yarn in just the color pictured on the website. It will be perfect for the project I am planning.
Such beautiful colors and yarn bases! And nice owner to work with, prompt with email responses and very helpful.
This yarn was a delight to work with, and I look forward to making more projects in Round Table Yarn. I wanted some purple yarn for a cowl this fall, and I decided I wanted to try using a BFL yarn. While not as quite as soft as merino, it has a great twist and is still plenty soft and cozy for a cowl. I love tonal yarns, and the subtle shifts in colors in The Fairy Country give my project depth and interest. Plus, the literature nerd in me loves the Arthurian connection!
I received the yarn a few days ago and was not disappointed with the color. It is a soft orange, definitely not in my usual color palette but that is why I decided on it. I have used other colors to knit two sweaters a, so the quality and feel of the yarn were not issues. This indie dyer is one of my favorites, and I have sampled quite a few.
I think I am going to make a version of Tegna with it.
When I fall in love with a pattern, I almost always go to Round Table Yarn's Gallery of Colours first, to imagine that pattern with one or more of those colours. Round Table has a wide range of weights/bases to choose from, and a very helpful gallery of photos so you can see the colour you're attracted to on the specific yarn weight you'll need. Not to mention that the names of the yarns and bases will inspire your reading list, which is a wonderful extra in these times.
I've made 2 shawls with Grail in the past, and just placed a new order, half for a special gift I'm planning, and half for ?myself? ! The colors are just gorgeous, and the yarn in the skein is so soft that you will look forward to wearing a garment made with it, preferably close around the neck.
What a gorgeous shade of green! It truly looks like a tropical plant. I am so glad I bought Merlin in this color because it will knit into a beautiful pair of socks. Or maybe a pretty shawl? Whatever one knits with this yarn and color it will be gorgeous!
This is such a lovely shade of pink, so soft and feminine. Great base as well!
This is the best sock yarn ever! It is so soft and still strong. I love this shade of blue. It just might be too pretty for socks -- it would make a gorgeous beaded lace shawl!
This color just vibrates. How beautiful it is! And Merlin is such a wonderful base. It is soft and yet strong. Love it!
I LOVE this color! And the base is SO nice to knit. Thank you, Karen, for another beautiful yarn!
Knitting with BFL is such a pleasure and the nylon added to this base will make it perfect for socks or a shawl. This red is stunning! |
Orthopedic treatment, complications, and cost analysis of 67 soldiers injured in a three-month period
Yunus Emre Bektaş1, Ramadan Özmanevra2, Barış Polat2, Mehmet Kabay1, Nihat Demirhan Demirkıran3
1Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kilis State Hospital, Kilis, Turkey
2Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Kyrenia, Faculty of Medicine, Kyrenia, Cyprus
3Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
Keywords: Cost, open fracture, surgery, Syrian, war
Objectives: This study aims to analyze the musculoskeletal injury types, injury mechanisms, treatment modalities, complications, and costs of 67 consecutive soldiers wounded in the battlefield in Syria civil war over a period of three months.
Patients and methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2018 and March 2018 at Kilis State Hospital. The study included 67 male patients (median age 28.5 years; range, 15 to 46 years). Patients' ages, injury mechanisms, fracture types, fracture locations, injury severity scores, mangled extremity severity scores, complications, and treatment costs were evaluated.
Results: Twenty-three patients were injured due to handmade explosives, 21 patients due to gunshots, 16 patients due to landmines, five patients due to rockets, and two patients due to grenades. A total of 35.8% of the patients (n=24) had concomitant trauma. The mean hospitalization period was 10.2 days (range, 1-45 days). A total of 88 treatments were performed on these patients. Thirty-six of these treatments were external fixators, 21 were amputations, 12 were open reduction internal fixations, seven were closed reduction internal fixations, five were intramedullary nailings, three were cannulated screws, three were fasciotomies, and one was an arthrodesis. The treatment costs ranged from 1,577 to 296,286 Turkish Liras. Complications were observed in 17 patients and 11 of them developed infections, three of them had compartment syndrome, and three died during the hospitalization period.
Conclusion: The increase in warfare technology is correlated with the severity of military injuries in the battlefields. These injuries still lead to high traumatic amputation rates, high-risk complications, and high costs.
Wars are still ongoing across the world even after the Second World War. Countries are obliged to address the significant costs incurred as a result of injuries caused to soldiers and civilians in wars. Extremity injuries are frequently encountered in trauma patients with access to war surgeons. This was the case in many countries, such as Iran, Afghanistan, and Syria.[1-4] Wounds caused by high-energy army weapons are complex and contaminated.
A civil war arose in Syria in 2011 and is still ongoing. Due to the civil war in the country, a large number of patients has been admitted to hospitals in the border cities of Turkey. A significant amount of patients who has been injured by war are taken to Kilis district hospitals across the border with Turkey. The level II trauma center at Kilis State Hospital is 8.4 km away from the Syrian border. The number of soldiers and civilian patients injured in the war in Syria and treated in this center reached around 2000 in the previous year. Although comparatively more civilians have been injured in this war, higher morbidity and mortality rates have been observed among injured soldiers who have been brought from the battlefield.
In this study, we aimed to analyze the musculoskeletal injury types, injury mechanisms, treatment modalities, complications, and costs of 67 consecutive soldiers wounded in the battlefield in Syria civil war over a period of three months.
Patients and Methods
This retrospective study was conducted at Kilis State Hospital between January 2018 and March 2018 involving 67 consecutive male patients (median age 28.5 years; range, 15 to 46 years) treated for extremity injuries. Data were collected from the patients' and hospital's medical records including demographics, injury mechanisms, injury locations and sides, time from field to hospital, mangled extremity severity score (MESS), injury severity score (ISS), Gustilo-Anderson classification, hospitalization periods, costs, complications, and the presence of accompanying traumas. The study protocol was approved by the University of Kyrenia Ethics Committee (2019/ 01-001). A written informed consent was obtained from each patient. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
The demographic characteristics of the subgroups with lower or upper extremity injuries, with complications or infection, and with an ISS value of 14 and below or above 14 were compared statistically.
The statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS version 22.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Mean, standard deviation, lowest and highest median, frequency, and ratio values were used as the descriptive statistics of the data. The distribution of variables was measured using the Kolmogorov- Smirnov test. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for the analysis of quantitative independent data. The chi-square test was used for the analysis of qualitative independent data, and the Fischer’s exact test was used when the chi-square test conditions were not met. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The mean time from injury to hospitalization was 3.8 hours (range, 1 to 10 hours). The injury mechanisms, injury locations, and treatment modalities are presented in Tables I and II. For skin defects in the extremities, four patients underwent full-thickness skin grafting, four patients underwent rotational flap, and two patients underwent free flap through plastic and reconstructive surgery.
|Treatment type||Grenade||Gunshot||Handmade explosive||Landmine||Rocket||Total|
|Open reduction internal fixation||2||4||4||1||1||12|
|Closed reduction internal fixation||-||2||5||-||-||7|
|Time from injury to hospitalization (hour)||3.8±1.5||4.0||1-10|
|Mangled extremity severity score||5.7±2.6||6.0||2-11|
|Injury severity score||16.7±12.8||13.0||4-57|
|Hospitalization period (day)||10.2±8.3||8.0||1-45|
|Right and left||11||16.4|
|Upper extremity and lower extremity||5||7.5|
|SD: Standard deviation; Min: Minimum; Max: Maximum; TL: Turkish Lira|
When the injured regions were evaluated in terms of lower and upper extremities, lower extremity injuries were found in 51 patients, upper extremity injuries in 11 patients, and both lower and upper extremity injuries in five patients (Figure 1 and 2). According to the Gustilo-Anderson classification, 38 patients (56.7%) had grade 3a fractures, 12 patients (17.9%) had grade 3b fractures, and 17 patients (25.4%) had grade 3c fractures. The mean hospitalization period was 10.2 days (range, 1 to 45 days). The treatment cost ranged from 1,577 to 296,286 Turkish Liras (TL) (Table II). A total of 35.8% of the patients (n=24) had concomitant trauma. While 30.4% of lower extremity injuries were associated with accompanying traumas, this rate was 63.6% for upper extremity injuries. These accompanying traumas are presented in Table III.
|Accompanying trauma||Upper extremity||Lower extremity|
|Thermal skin necrosis||3||9|
The age of the patients in the lower and upper extremity groups did not differ significantly (p=0.436). Mangled extremity severity score and ISS values were significantly higher in the lower extremity group than in the upper extremity group (p=0.008, p=0.019). Furthermore, the rate of accompanying trauma was significantly higher in the upper extremity group than in the lower extremity group (p=0.035) (Table IV). The length of hospital stay was significantly higher in the group with complications than in the group without complications (p=0.022). The rate of accompanying trauma was not significant (p=0.263) in the groups with and without complications.
|Lower extremity||Upper extremity|
|Time from injury to hospitalization (hour)||3.8±1.5||4.0||3.5±1.6||3.0||0.490*|
|Injury severity score||17.6±12.1||16.0||12.0±15.6||5.0||0.019*|
|Hospitalization period (day)||10.0±8.2||8.0||10.9±9.0||13.0||0.665*|
|SD: Standard deviation; MESS: Mangled extremity severity score; TL: Turkish Lira; * Mann-Whitney U test; † Chi-square test.|
Gustilo-Anderson classification did not differ significantly in the groups with and without complications (p=0.352) (Table V). The age, cost, length of hospital stay, and Gustilo-Anderson classification were significantly higher in the infection group than the non-infection group (p<0.05). The rate of comorbid trauma was not significant (p=0.157) in the groups with and without infection. Mangled extremity severity score, the rate of comorbid trauma, and Gustilo-Anderson classification were significantly higher in ISS >14 group than ISS ≤14 group (p<0.05).
|Complication (-)||Complication (+)|
|Time from injury to hospitalization (hour)||3.7±1.2||4.0||4.2±2.2||3.0||0.929*|
|Injury severity score||15.3±11.5||12.0||20.9±15.5||16.0||0.173*|
|Hospitalization period (day)||8.6±6.5||7.0||14.8±11.0||13.0||0.022*|
|SD: Standard deviation; MESS: Mangled extremity severity score; TL: Turkish Lira; * Mann-Whitney U test; † Chi-square test.|
Complications were observed in 17 patients and 11 of them had infections. Infection was a complication in 16.4% of all patients. Fasciotomy was performed on three patients due to the development of compartment syndrome. One patient died due to hemodynamic instability, one patient died due to thromboembolism, and one patient died due to adult respiratory distress syndrome during the hospitalization period.
The most important finding of our study is that the treatment of soldiers wounded in the battlefield involves high rates of complications and costs. Many articles have been published in Turkey about the civil war in Syria.[4,6,7] However, all of these studies evaluated civilians or refugees affected by the civil war in Syria. The fact that our study only included soldiers wounded on the battlefield in a short period of three months reveals the difference and importance.
In their study, Karakus et al. evaluated the hospital admissions and costs of those injured in the Syrian war where most of the admissions were in orthopedics. The most frequent presenting complaint was gunshot injury. In our study, the rates were close to each other; the most common injury was due to handmade explosive, and the second most common injury was due to gunshot. The sum of these two accounted for 2/3 of all the injuries.
The medical costs incurred by patients transferred from the Syrian border to the hospitals reportedly exceeded US$150 million by April 2012. In the cost analysis by Karakus et al., the mean cost was 3,723 TL per case (range, 15-69,556 TL). In our study, the mean cost was 9,138 TL (range, 1,577-296,286 TL). The patient who had the costliest treatment died. The treatment cost was probably higher in our study because of the increased use of surgical equipment and invoicing, and the accompanying injuries of the patients were more complicated. The mean hospitalization period was eight days (range, 1-45 days).
In a study by Duramaz et al., 158 patients (91 males, 67 females; mean age 39 years) were evaluated in a 34-month period. In this study, lower extremity injuries were higher than upper extremity injuries. The mean hospitalization period was 5.6 days, and the mean treatment cost was 3,844 TL. In our study, the mean hospitalization period was eight days, and the mean treatment cost was 9,138 TL. The reason for the higher hospitalization period and cost may have been the more complicated injuries as it only involved soldiers.
Compared with previous reports dating back to the Second World War, the risk of open injuries to the humerus and forearm appears to be decreased, while the rates of those with lower extremity injuries are slightly elevated.[2,9] Dougherty et al. concluded that the proportions of upper and lower extremity injuries are almost equivalent (47.3% and 43.2%, respectively). In our study, upper extremity injuries were approximately 1/5 of lower extremity injuries. Similarly, in the study by Duramaz et al., lower extremity injuries were higher than upper extremity injuries.
Traumatic amputations show a consistent ratio in relation to wars since the advent of modern surgical techniques in the second half of the 20th century.[12,13] During the Vietnam war, the amputation rate was estimated to be between 5% and 8%, whereas Stansbury et al. documented a major extremity amputation rate of 7% among all combat casualties with extremity injuries. In our study, amputation accounted for approximately 25% of all treatments. We think that traumatic amputation is higher since 68.2% of the injuries were categorized as high-energy injuries, which were caused by handmade explosives, landmines, and rockets. In addition, it is inevitable that this rate would be high as the patients included in the study were brought from the battlefield.
In the literature, the use of an external fixator for the initial treatment of open fractures has been well established.[15-19] External fixation allows a simple and rapid intervention to stabilize and prepare the patient for the next step of the treatment. A study by Alhammoud et al. included more patients with Gustilo-Anderson types 1 and 2 rather than type 3. On the contrary, all the patients were classified as Gustilo-Anderson type 3 in our study. Out of 88 treatments, 36 consisted of external fixators (40.9%).
The limitation of this study was that it included a relatively limited number of patients in a retrospective study design. In addition, since the soldiers returned to Syria after being discharged, data for recent follow-up and late complications were not available. Nevertheless, we believe that this is an eligible study to show the high rates of morbidity, mortality, and cost of injuries in the battlefield.
In conclusion, registration data of large patient populations with high financial costs, which cannot be reached by the health system due to language restrictions, creates serious health problems. Thus, we believe that the results obtained from this study will contribute valuable information to the literature. Moreover, increased warfare technology correlates with the severity of military injuries in battlefields. These injuries are still associated with high traumatic amputation rates, high-risk complications, and high costs.
Citation: Bektaş YE, Özmanevra R, Polat B, Kabay M, Demirkıran ND. Orthopedic treatment, complications, and cost analysis of 67 soldiers injured in a three-month period. Jt Dis Relat Surg 2020;31(1):102-108.
The authors declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.
The authors received no financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article.
- Penn-Barwell JG, Roberts SA, Midwinter MJ, Bishop JR. Improved survival in UK combat casualties from Iraq and Afghanistan: 2003-2012. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015;78:1014-20.
- Owens BD, Kragh JF Jr, Macaitis J, Svoboda SJ, Wenke JC. Characterization of extremity wounds in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. J Orthop Trauma 2007;21:254-7.
- Owens BD, Kragh JF Jr, Wenke JC, Macaitis J, Wade CE, Holcomb JB. Combat wounds in operation Iraqi Freedom and operation Enduring Freedom. J Trauma 2008;64:295-9.
- Duramaz A, Bilgili MG, Bayram B, Ziroğlu N, Bayrak A, Avkan MC. Orthopedic trauma surgery and hospital cost analysis in refugees; the effect of the Syrian civil War. Int Orthop 2017;41:877-84.
- Taylor CJ, Hettiaratchy S, Jeffery SL, Evriviades D, Kay AR. Contemporary approaches to definitive extremity reconstruction of military wounds. J R Army Med Corps 2009;155:302-7.
- Çelikel A, Karaarslan B, Demirkıran DS, Zeren C, Arslan MM. A series of civilian fatalities during the war in Syria. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2014;20:338-42.
- Karakuş A, Yengil E, Akkücük S, Cevik C, Zeren C, Uruc V. The reflection of the Syrian civil war on the emergency department and assessment of hospital costs. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2013;19:429-33.
- Available at: http://www.news10.com. [Accessed: 8/10/2012].
- Belmont PJ Jr, Thomas D, Goodman GP, Schoenfeld AJ, Zacchilli M, Burks R, et al. Combat musculoskeletal wounds in a US Army Brigade Combat Team during operation Iraqi Freedom. J Trauma 2011;71:E1-7.
- Blair JA, Patzkowski JC, Schoenfeld AJ, Cross Rivera JD, Grenier ES, Lehman RA, et al. Are spine injuries sustained in battle truly different? Spine J 2012;12:824-9.
- Cross JD, Ficke JR, Hsu JR, Masini BD, Wenke JC. Battlefield orthopaedic injuries cause the majority of long-term disabilities. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2011;19:S1-7.
- Dougherty PJ. Transtibial amputees from the Vietnam War. Twenty-eight-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 2001;83:383-9.
- Schoenfeld AJ. The history of combat orthopaedic surgery. In: Owens BD, Belmont PJ Jr, editors. Combat Orthopaedic Surgery: Lessons Learned in Iraq and Afghanistan. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Incorporated; 2011. p. 3-12.
- Stansbury LG, Lalliss SJ, Branstetter JG, Bagg MR, Holcomb JB. Amputations in U.S. military personnel in the current conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. J Orthop Trauma 2008;22:43-6.
- Della Rocca GJ, Crist BD. External fixation versus conversion to intramedullary nailing for definitive management of closed fractures of the femoral and tibial shaft. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2006;14:S131-5.
- Tejwani NC, Polonet D, Wolinsky PR. External fixation of tibial fractures. Instr Course Lect 2015;64:185-9.
- Mathieu L, Ouattara N, Poichotte A, Saint-Macari E, Barbier O, Rongiéras F, et al. Temporary and definitive external fixation of war injuries: use of a French dedicated fixator. Int Orthop 2014;38:1569-76.
- Akpoto YM, Abalo A, Adam S, Sama HD, Dellanh YY, Amavi KA, et al. Extremity injuries in soldiers during the conflict in Mali: experience of Togo Level two Hospital. Int Orthop 2015;39:1895-9.
- Penn-Barwell JG, Bennett PM, Fries CA, Kendrew JM, Midwinter MJ, Rickard RF. Severe open tibial fractures in combat trauma: management and preliminary outcomes. Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:101-5.
- Awais S, Saeed A, Ch A. Use of external fixators for damage-control orthopaedics in natural disasters like the 2005 Pakistan earthquake. Int Orthop 2014;38:1563-8.
- Alhammoud A, Maaz B, Alhaneedi GA, Alnouri M. External fixation for primary and definitive management of open long bone fractures: the Syrian war experience. Int Orthop 2019;43:2661-70.
- Atik OŞ. Is there something new and interesting in my article? Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi 2019;30:69.
- Döner P, Ozkara A, Kahveci R. Syrian refugees in Turkey: numbers and emotions. Lancet 2013;382:764. |
Golden Age of Greece
Classical Greece and Western Cultural Development
Successful students will learn how Classical Greek literature, philosophy, warfare, religion, and art have influenced the development of later western culture.
Greek Golden Age
Through the careful exploration of the humanities and history of the Greeks in their so-called Golden Age (fifth and fourth centuries BC) successful students will develop a greater understanding of Classical Greek culture, literature, and politics.
Classical Text Critical Analysis
Successful students will develop a greater ability to evaluate a Clasical text (in translation) critically and intelligently. |
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Now that Pandemic World has encased all of us in its groundhog day repetition of starting each day as if the preceding one never ended and tomorrow is already today, I’m certain that all my memories are now subject to review as to their veracity. Maybe you were already stuck in a unconscious time loop before the one you are consciously in now. Was your life progressing? Or did you simply delude yourself into thinking it was all working out just as you planned? Surely, no one plans to be unhappy, eh? If you felt less than satisfied, you assumed you could change that negativity into an ascending trajectory. But even if you now recall the imperfection of life before “life” essentially had to be officially shut-down, you’d welcome all that was then back right now, exactly as it was, right? Why not? You had to be happier then than now? Now, now is always stuck as now with virtually no then to distinguish advancement. Sick of it too! There’s no forward momentum in a covid vacuum. It just circles back on itself. ****************************************** Yeah, think back! It all made sense. You know that feeling? That restaurant over there. That movie theater. The myriad storefront shops. The salon. The fitness center. The museum. The music venues. The scared gin mill. So many options. Those and other easily accessed places filled in a lot of space in our lives once upon a time. Now it’s as if thinking about them is an act of self-flagellation. Or maybe not. For some, life has always been flush with lemons but very little lemonade. Now, Pandemic World is just another lemon. Rather, the only lemon. In that case, covid has consolidated your woes into one big psychic compartment. If anything, you can take satisfaction in knowing you have waaaay more company who now knows how you’ve felt long before 2020 erupted like Vesuvius on Pompeii. **************************************** Or, perhaps you were genuinely fulfilled and right on course as planned. Whatever that must feel like. Except, you’re in the same Groundhog Day loop now. Maybe the pandemic has drawn the curtain back on just how much of that self-satisfied world view was based on bullshit. Not that you admitted to it. Hell no. Well, bullshit that affected other people while allowing you to live comfy and cozy and self satisfied.. Now, you are literally out of business. Opps. Didn’t see this coming, huh? Covid19 is the great equalizer at its non-discriminatory essence. ************************************* I figure, most of us are in the middle ground here. You were okay enough then and had a realistic self-concept. You lived within your means. Had respect for your fellow human, regardless of race, religion, ethnicity or gender, and always kind to the elderly, little children and puppies and kitties, blah blah. Always seeing the glass as more than half-full, even when a personal drought came along. ************************************** 2021 is upon us. And a covid vaccine has been created. That’s a reason to feel this same day we have been living for at least nine solid months will finally flip into a tomorrow that allow us to go back to whatever we once had. But wait. That makes no sense. Go back? I doubt that. There’s still months and months left of Groundhog Day, and our memory lane stuff comes with an unavoidable critical analysis. We will not ever be the same after this passes. How could this isolation of the mind and body not render both altered to one degree or another? Self-reflection and self assessment of our individual occupation in this now strange and enervating world would seem to be as involuntary a function as is breathing. Maybe for the very, very old or very very young, this endless day will not have been imprinted upon them with any lucidity. For those of us who will never forget this current endless day, maybe that sounds pretty good, especially on the very very young side of the temporal extremes. My feeling is, this is the ultimate learning experience as far as who we really, truly are. It’s a once-in-a-lifetime lesson in how to see ourselves, and others, like never before. ************************************* Learn your lesson well. Most likely, it will not be offered again in anyone’s lifetime.
Where were you fifty-seven years ago today? Perhaps, as the saying goes, you were but a gleam in your parent’s eyes. Haha, right? You might have to count backwards to find what year was 5.7 decades ago, then stick today’s date of November 22nd onto it. Then you may readily recall exactly where you were and precisely what you were doing around 12:30pm central standard time. That’s when news bulletins flashed reports of president John Kennedy being shot in Dallas.
In the ensuing half-hour after the initial discombobulating thought of Kennedy being shot, then rushed to Parkland Hospital, and by 1pm being pronounced dead, people young and old entered into a terrible twilight zone-ish mental state. Can this be real? What happened? How? Who? Why? It was a Friday, and like today Thanksgiving and all its wholesome traditions awaited families across the country. Except, Thanksgiving was now an abstraction as time seemed to stand still after it was confirmed that JFK was dead. That entire weekend became a profound funeral dirge, as shock and disbelief lingered, mingling with a deeply felt grief. To add to the stunning and surreal process of scrambling to swear into the presidency Lyndon Johnson, while the who, what, where and why questions were being sorted out, the prime suspect, Lee Oswald, was shot dead on live television on Sunday, the 24th, in the basement of the Dallas city jail moments after he and his police escorts exited an elevator.
On LIVE television! Interesting, right? The wrong kind of precursor to reality TV.
Looking back, the decade of the 1960s was seemingly rife with turbulence. Before JFK was killed, he went eyeball to eyeball with Nikita Khrushchev and the Soviet Union during the Cuban missile crisis. Historians now feel that nuclear war was a distinct possibility. Fortunately, the planet wasn’t decimated by atomic missiles flying east and west, This was 1962. Nuclear annihilation remains–and always will remain–a threat to life on Earth.
In 1965, Malcolm X was assassinated. In 1968, both Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy were assassinated. Swirling around these cataclysmic events was the Vietnam War, the women’s movement and the ever present racial unrest that included ML King’s non-violent resistance, along with the more militant Malcom X, and the fledgling Black Panther Party.
The decade did include something monumentally admirable too: the 1969 moon landing. That was a globally celebrated event. Not too often we humans cheer one another along.
There’s a saying, May you live in interesting times. It is arguably either an old English expression or it originated as an traditional Chinese curse. Either way, those of us who were around for the 1960s have a lot of memories linked to all the calamity and chaos that defined that decade.
Now we have not a decade, but a single year that, while not infested with assassinations or a massively unpopular war, still has the threat of nuclear devastation–as in the “nuclear clock” is set at 40 seconds until midnight (doomsday, central, pacific, mountain or whatever time zone). We have a recently defeated massively divisive president who specialized in sowing chaos and consternation who has refused to accept his defeat. Oh. and and he has the nuclear launch codes. There still is significant racial tension. We have an irrefutable climate crisis on our hands (festering for decades and decades and now possibly too unstable to ever again stabilize). Oh, and there’s the pandemic. All three of the above noted “we have..” components are capable of decimating human and other life forms.
So, if November 22nd 1963 is but a history lesson for many not yet on the scene, those more recent arrivals plus those of us from the JFK era and onward have 2020. We all are living in “interesting” times. How about the 70s and disco? The 80s had hair bands, shoulder pads and Reagan. The 90s had grunge rock and the Clintons. The 2000s had an illegitimate president who started an illegitimate war, followed by an African American president and a global economic meltdown. Then came the 2010s and especially November of 2016. That’s when two unbelievable events occurred. First, on November 2nd of that year the Chicago Cubs won a World Series after 108 years of failure. Then came November 8th and a shocker of an election, and until November 3rd of THIS wretched year of 2020, a most awful, terrible, no good, lousy, rotten four years now haven been given an official expiration date of January 20, 2021.
Well, as James Joyce said, History is a nightmare from which I am trying to awake. One might find that quote hyperbola. Given the quote comes from Joyce’s Ulysses, published in 1922, just after WWI, and now having WWII and the 1960s, plus what has transpired since the early 2000s and up to the moment, I’d say Joyce is not guilty of hyperbole. He simply looked around back then and well, had to say what he said.
Maybe 2021 will usher in a more positive zeitgeist. It certainly has to be better than 2020. I started this blog invoking the unthinkable assassination of a young and popular president fifty-seven years in the rearview mirror. I was old enough then to still recall how life can be harsh even in a vicarious way. My eyes have been wide open for all these decades hence. Adapt or perish, right? We are all slogging through 2020. Masked and distanced and packing disinfectant. At least most people are doing that. By this time next year, we’ll see what the shake-out of the pandemic, political calamity and climate change will have produced. I do hope we can take a long, long break from this reality, and that the future will be so very. very, not interesting.
Greetings, earthlings. I come in peace and wish you no harm… ************************************* No, it’s not Zeldar from Zardoz. It’s just Joey Baggadonutholes. However, if I were a life form from another planet, and was able to furtively assimilate myself amongst the locals, I’d be at a loss for words based on empirical methodology as to assess what my alien eyeballs perceive. How can this world find its way out of the darkness that besets it? You know, those “existential threats” known as climate chaos plus a lethal global pandemic. Oh, and in the US of A, there’s racial tensions escalating and election chaos. Well, now it’s post-election denial of reality with sulking and sinister motives lurking on the part of the losing side. ********************************** The pandemic is more pervasive than ever, with infections spiking far and wide. Some global outposts are reaping the benefit of getting tough with the virus, requiring its citizens to follow the science and get ahead of the spread. Well done. But those are the exceptions not the rule. In the U.S. we have not exactly taken care of pandemic business. Why? Well, that has to do with our lack of national leadership. Non-existent leadership actually, which now has officially been taken to task by the November 3rd election. It took five days but the candidate who campaigned on not being the other guy has been declared the winner. The “other guy” still hasn’t conceded. And he gets to keep those nuclear launch codes until January 20, 2021. It may as well be eternity, given how much more damage he clearly intends to inflict to offer a reply to a bruised and swollen ego. Nuke Iran? Invade Canada? Invoke martial law? ************************************* …oh whatEVER. Aren’t we all exhausted with this bullshit by now? Okay the guy who isn’t that other guy won. But he comes off as a stiff. He looks like a stiff. As in a corpse. He’s the Mothball-in-Chief elect. Mothballs. As in protective storage. He’s the Dead Horse I alluded to a few blogs ago. Now the dead horse is going to take over and lead us out of all that darkness. Sure he will. He’s going to eradicate the pandemic. He’s going to reverse climate chaos. He’s going to get single payer health care passed. Free education guaranteed. Student debt forgiven. Raise taxes on the uber rich. Crack down on cronyism and pay to play. He’ll get campaign finance reform in motion. He’ll do it because polls show that’s what the people want and because he’s not that other guy. Of course. That’s what got him elected, right? Close to 80 million people voted for not the other guy. It was an enthusiastic outpouring of the electorate saying to the guy who hoped to get a second term that they would vote against him. And so, the other, other guy wins. Why? Because he isn’t that guy. And so, as asserted above the new, not the other guy, guy must realize what this country wants and needs. Sure. He’s going to be be a real reformer. *********************************** And I really am Zeldar. Sure. *********************************** And we who didn’t vote for that toxic other guy can live happily ever after. Every day will be a Norman Rockwell painting come to life. Why? Because compared to that other guy the new guy will always not be that other guy. *********************************** And I know where Jimmy Hoffa’s body is. *********************************** What? Climate collapse? Coronavirus? Mothballs has us covered. He was hand-picked to be an alternative to that other guy. That’s all that matters. You want more than that? Ha. You’re in the wrong country if that’s what you expect. Why so cynical, Mr.not Zeldar guy? Joey Baggabulljive guy. Okay, here’s why: while the other guy who beat the other guy may have won, his party lost more than it won in the bigger picture. And of course the Mothball Party failed miserably to win important House and Senate seats, or flip any statehouses their way, because the Mothball Party–otherwise known in this corner of the blogosphere—as the Dead Horse Party simply lived down to its well established expectations. Only the repulsiveness of that other guy paved the pathway to a top-of-the ticket victory. C’mon. Who in the hell was excited about the other guy who wasn’t that other guy? *********************************** Keep in mind, 2022 campaigning has already started. Now that a corpse is the leader of the Dead Horse Party, I have a feeling that...that…well to hell with it for now. ************************************ We can still feel better knowing that, for the time being, that other guy is the loser and he can suck on that. The Corpse and the Cop are coming, because someone HAD to win, right? Maybe they won inspite of their status quo platform, but regardless the people have spoken and they had a clear message–not for the winning couple but for all the Maga mopes and dopes, dupes and dimwits who support him: fuck off! ************************************ That’s the best result of the election no matter what else ensues. After all, the future isn’t January 20th. It is, as always, now. Kick back and enjoy watching the suppurating sore loser and his brain deads deal with a nightmare of their own now. ************************************ In the immortal words of Jackie Gleason, How sweet it is!
In the 24 hours since posting the story of Magawa, the mine-sweeping, medal of bravery recipient rat, let’s assume that he has again sniffed out a number of active landmines to be rendered into harmless srcaps of metal along Cambodian landscapes. Perhaps some readers wondered if this was fictional. It’s factual. Hey, it was meant to be a feel good slice of life, both human and rodent species-wise. Do we not need feel good distractions in our time of greatest need for such? Feel good as in let’s not politicize this, okay? Just because it’s about a rat doesn’t mean you have to re-direct your mindset to a figurately speaking “rat” that infests a certain domicile along Pennsylvania Avenue in our nation’s capital. Can we just not go there, please? I’m trying to work my way through you-know-what, dig? But then see, it’s next to impossible to not… ******************************************* Oh, well….I suppose there is a sliver of politics inherent in the story, since landmines are a form of official policy instituted in the cause of one governing entity seeking to achieve final victory over another governing body. Politics is friction. Power politics is frictional and fractional. It’s a nasty numbers game. During the reign of Pol Pot and his Khmer Rouge soldiers in the late 70s, 2 million Cambodians died. That regime was overthrown. Left behind, however are estimates as high as 10 million landmines. Thus, Magawa is certainly worthy of praise. Rat or no rat. Better Magawa was raised and prepped for his humanitarian mine-detecting prowess than having wound up in some research lab, awaiting being sacrificed on the alter of cold-blooded evisceration so that we humans might eventually be prescribed yet another pill for what ails us, and the attendant, related deluge of drug ads that infest certain broadcast television programs. So there’s that. ********************************************************************************** Speaking of medical science research, the world awaits a vaccine to protect humanity from the current pandemic. Goodness knows what a relief it would be to get past Covid World. So, if a certain number of rodents are going to be snuffed out to get that job done, then fine, right? What does a mine-detecting rat matter if all of humanity is doomed to perish because of…a…BAT! Yes, the prevailing scientific theory on how Covid-19 formed and spread globally has to do with cross-species transmission. That non-human species is most likely that winged mammal, largely connotating darkness and and icky dreadfulness. There’s even a “vampire bat” species. Talk about a negative image. However, one might step back from the popular culture’s demonization of bats and consider this: bats play a vital role in the ecosystems they inhabit. They spread seeds, and in so doing even help in regenerating rain forests. Rain forests, also referred to as “the lungs of Earth”. Bats eat insects that otherwise would damage crops. “Bats are ecologically just really important,”, says one behavioral ecologist. “They provide billions of dollars worth of ecosystems services to people.” Pro bono service. ***************************************** There you have it, lords and ladies. Rats. Bats. Cut ’em some slack, Jack. They have gotten a bad rap, and that’s a fact. Well, sure rats and bats carry diseases, but each also–as I have noted–have some redeeming qualities. Maybe looking at a rat or bat induces negative reactions, but the point is not to judge so quickly. Don’t be superficial. *************************************** Then again, in some cases, it might be hard to figure what the benefit of some other creatures may be. Take the fly. Hmmm. What, exactly, is ennobling about this object the size of snot, that feasts on feces? Including covid-carrying bat feces that likely landed on some off-the-culinary grid eatable critter, served up in some backwoods culture zone. Or maybe on some cow or pig or lamb and though given a Michelin-starred chef’s haute cuisine approach to presentation of the rendered animal, perhaps a morsel of which has been placed ever so delicately amid an array of this or that from the garden, is consumed by an upper crust type, who after settling up a bill of $750 goes back to a lavish high-rise overlooking a shoreline or keeping company with other glittering towers that attest to the finer things in life, starts a pandemic that takes out the rest of humanity. *************************************** In such a case, Magawa could retire and do what comes natural to its rodent instincts. Bats could hang out without vilification. And flies would have abundant deliquescing delights with which to sustain them. ************************************* See, it’s a an attempt at providing a feel good story, folks. ************************************** You’re welcome.
He was born in Tanzania in 2014, socialized and moved to Siem Reap, Cambodia in 2016. This September 25th, this young male named Magawa, was awarded a gold medal for bravery for “acts of the greatest heroism or for most conspicuous courage in circumstances of extreme danger”. ***********************************
*Magawa, however, is a civilian, not a soldier. What he did to earn his medal (and continues to do) in his short span of life thus far was help clear 141,000 square meters of land from still active landmines. In so doing Magawa has made life safer for countless Cambodians. He wears the gold medal around his neck, a symbol of humanitarian selflessness. Magawa is an inspiration to all who have been a part of his life. Magawa is proof that there may be hope for ridding the world of landmines left behind during one conflict or another, sometimes exploding and killing those that unwittingly step on one, killing some children even younger than Magawa. *************************************
One may have seen Magawa’s likeness more than a few times. Such encounters may likely not elicit a sense of admiration or inspiration. If fact, coming across a Magawa-like figure usually elicits negative reactions. Revulsion. Disgust. Fear. Why? Why the rush to judgement? ************************************
Because our gold medal winning young male is a rat. Yeah. A rat. Now you know they may not be all bad. *************************************
Magawa can now keep company with other PDSA medal winners. That would include horses, dogs and pigeons. *************************
So, next time you see a rat scurrying about here or there (just looking for food and shelter, no doubt, and–ironically–trying to avoid those deadly traps aimed at killing them for their effort) before you think of the Black Plague or the face devouring rodents invoked as a torture technique in Orwell’s 1984, think of Magawa. I mean, come on, it’s not as though our human species is always trying to better other’s lives. After all, who do you think made those deadly landmines in the first place? And then left them behind after one of its armies killed more than their adversaries killed them? *******************************
Long live Magawa!
Damn! Seven months uh this shit be nuff for resta my live. This strip ussa be bustlin and easy to makes a buck or few. But nows jus looks at it, Time square be missens bouts a millins folks. Where’s dey be?I knowin theres be dat panderamic, but it be time squares. Wheres dem suits? And dem fancy skirts?Cants hustle a buck from folks be lookins like me, but way mo us types than dem good lookin easy marks. But I gots mes a mask. I at least tryin. Sorts uh. Finds em blowin down 42nd or broadsway ever days. Betters den nuttins… Waits. Heres come a slickster. Looks mosely okay. Dress kinda sharps. Okee dokes. Mus haves some scratches to spares a po vicum of this coker ninesteens bug, me who cant afode a cups of joe or a samich. Hmm. Dude looky kinda of spacey facey. Wheres he get dem treads? Kinds of fittin big and baggsy. Tall mofo. But dude gots to have sum exter coin for a handpandler likens me…
Remote transponder relay portal engaged as my first transcendent facsimile capture of Moutain Sphere being advances in what Zardoz Control has ordered me again to observe and analyze per reconsidered assessment of Moutain Sphere life forms. Zeldar A.I. capture/copy indicates my visible form is of a possibly advanced form of being in what imagining refraction resolution outcome labels successful facsimile of local inhabitant. Zardoz Control certain Moutain Sphere this time will be productive integration of higher cultured sector, far from previous remote encounters containing what resulted in low grade data from what has been identified as an area inhabitants speak of as Wazoo. A.I. unable to assign any value to Wazoo or animated lifeforms within it. A.I. Command guided my Maximus Maximus 250th generation, time phased, synchronized, incremental, systematized, parallel functioning deep space mobility enabler to what it has identified as parcel called Manhattan. Zeldar assigned to unshroud my cognito and while A.I digital, balanced, integrated, logistical power cells remain sufficient permit local inhabitants to observe Zeldar as Zeldar observes them. A.I command has linked to my circuitry to observe optics as I advance among many significant objects, covered with bright lightings and motions moving about on structures that ascend high into Manhattan sky. Manhattan mountains, clearly. Zeldar adjusting to the many directional aspects of these moving light forms. Zeldar processing signage as unshrouded facsimile form advances into a central area of concentrated electronic motion. Zeldar vision circuitry cannot process data, as an overload sensor is now beeping. Zeldar must vision capture what forms are on base level, where lights are less impacting and seek non-electronic life forms.
Say, bro. Gots a buck for a homeless vet to gets some grub? Cup a joe and a samich maybes? You one tall mofo.Whats ya bes? Shaq O’Neill size, but not as wides. Not to be mentions yo skins be pasty white likes ize not been sees ever. Yo lookin freaky but sheeeeit, you muss haves a few buckoos for spares, eh? Aints been seein yo types evers, dude, likes evens befo the panderamic came alongs and leff this place damn nears free of any type folks. But yous? Never saw no bodies looks like yous does befo and I seen all kinds a types. But fuck dat. Can ya spare some scratch, jack?
Zeldar awaiting A.I command to assess meaning to this local Manhatten life form. It is much smaller than Zeldar. Possible my data input encryption for unshrounding and copy/capture/facsimile was inadvertently excessive in the vertical aspect ratio. Wazoo inhabitants suggested mountain sphere animated life forms to be more vertically prominent than the random figures near me beneath the enhanced verticality of the bright and urgently animated light sequences confronting my internal capacitors. This being speaks a dialect similar to those in Wazoo, in conflict with A.I. command anticipating better aural soundscapes in the so-called English word forms than what Wazoo utilized, a form that our analytics of the language determined to fall under a category called gibberish.
Hey, man. Word up, you long drink uh water. You one for the books aint choo? You need a tailor, Jackson. Those threads hangin all about yo boney ass. You and Times square be made fo one anudder. Don’t mind that panhandlin low life you just blew off. He ain’t in the game. Course with a pandem chasin most of the Square’s primo catch away–ya know the loopy out a towners that be gawkin at the bright lights and street performers. You fits right in, bro. But hey, I aints askin fo no handout. I thinks you may be lookin for somethin. What say, treetop? Just get in from upstate? You sure dont be lookin like ya from anywheres near here. If you zombie walking in the Square you must be lookin to score. Whatcha need? Goddam, man you be glassy eyed lookin down at me but you look like you wants somethin and I bet I gots what you need. How bout some smoke? Columbian red. Acapulco gold? Windowpanes? Sheeit. You rail thin. Must be lookin for some speed. Dat it? Help me here, bro. Blink when I hits on somethin ya dig, dig? Vanilla sky? Drex? Dancin’ shoes? Oyx? Poppers? Thai sticks? Kibbles and bits. Mollies? Fuck this, you undercover? Goofy lookin mofo like you. I best be movin along. Then again, you aint doin nothin but standin there. You fit right in this hood, my man. Befo the pandem someone like you could get lost in the crowds. I guess you just a pandem zombie. Hey, and get yo mofo ass a mask. Maybe you hard uh hearin me cuzza my mask. I got this one legit. See, it has the names of science fiction books on it. I never read any of em, but I dig the title one of em, Martian Chronicles. You may as well be a Martian. Manhattanites? Most New Yorkers are from another planet, if you dig my drift, okay? Got my cool mask from some dude sellin em by the library. Well. I paid em in Cloud Nine, and a popper to seal the deal for two dozen of em. I sell you one. You gunna need one bro. You tryin to get sick? Say some goddam thing eh? No way you a cop. But cops see you–and they cant miss you–they gonna wanna have a chat. You violatin the guidlines, you mute freak. Damn. You even know where you goin? Or where you been? Or why you even here? Yo, Earth to oddball. You in there somwheres?
Zeldar awaiting lingual analysis and directive for re-shrounding. A.I. sending initial response: I am to follow the Martian man. Zardoz Central focused on use of that planetary designation, projecting possible link to mountain sphere’s odd indigenous creatures and the planet Mars, known to have been barren of significant life forms for over several eons. A.I. suspects this mountain sphere is a eons removed descendent habitat for Martians from a genetically distant past. Zeldar recalls encountering Martians when first observing it long before mountain sphere developed. A.I. concludes mountain sphere a clone of Mars, which endured its final extinction eons before. Now, mountain sphere is identified as repeating that outcome, as it was noted in previous Zeldar drop-ins as being in its sixth mass extinction. Analytics states there will not be a seventh. The reference to a “demic” has been interpreted as pandemic. A.I. expected Manhattan parcel to be much larger populous. Towering structures observed with dancing electric displays–primitive by Zardozian standards–once created by and contained many Sphere life form of semi-advanced intellect. Previous encounters with Wazoo life forms indicated negative intellect measures. Manhattan encounters registered a micro-measure above Wazoo-ians. The extinction must be near. Also, A.I. command has processed the life forms as being fearful, anxious, confused, angry and possibly about to turn savage. Just as happened with Mars. Zeldar directed to Maximus Maximus vessel. Zeldar wishes to take the Martian mask with him. Cannot proceed, as Zardoz command cannot allow possible spread of low life form molecules upon return to command base. A.I. very sterile environment. Mountain sphere clearly a very contaminated environment. Gibberish as communication tool. A.I. command certain mountain sphere life forms won’t be missed.
Just as with Mars.
Ever come across this quote?: To imagine is everything, to know is nothing at all. It was penned by Anatole France, a French writer who was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 1921. Whether or not you know of his work (and I know very little) the above quote, a quizzical bit of conjecture, struck me as perfectly in tune with our current national zeitgeist. We’re barely two weeks away from what is unarguably the most profoundly important election in any living person’s lifetime. Some may assume this 2020 election will determine no less than the survival of our democratic republic form of governance. I personally have concluded that we haven’t had a national government that has come anywhere near adhering to our Constitution’s preamble that states its purpose of serving we the people for several decades. That preamble invokes the Constitution’s purpose, very clearly so:
…in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the commom defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution…
Okay, then. That document goes back to September 17, 1787. Those are some grandiose–bordering on highfalutin–ideals. A more “perfect” union? Isn’t perfection an abstraction? How about striving for continual improvement?, as reality is an ever shifting matter. In the ensuing 233 years, the U.S. has certainly held itself together, nowhere ever coming close to perfection, but methinks we have reached a nadir in terms of the distance from the preamble’s nobel ideals and what passes for a government supposedly bound to those ideals.
There’s another quote by W.B. Yeats that starts with the line Things fall apart, the center cannot hold. Between Anatole France’s quote and Yeats I sense some bizarre symbiosis. The upcoming election? Quite a divisive, chaotic, uncivil matter, without a doubt. Possibly the epitome of things falling apart. The question is will that center hold? We can only imagine what will happen. Some imagine one outcome, others quite another. And what we know really is nothing at this point. There are those convinced of one outcome or another but one thing is certain: it will not reveal its ultimate impact on we, the peoples, for a long, long time after November 3, 2020. I personally think the center won’t hold as far as business-as-usual no matter what the shake-out produces. One should not need to imagine as much as absolutely KNOW that the U.S. is seriously damaged right now, and this election–at the very best–slows down further damage, but cannot fix what is busted. And what is busted is the foundation upon which this country was built. Does anyone need to be drawn a picture at this point? Those grandiose words that purport to protect one and all by a righteous government were penned by men who wanted to be free from the shackles of England’s rule, but who (mostly) at the same time owned black slaves. The unintended irony, eh?
Here we are, in 2020, year of the pandemic, of blatant racist policies clearly exposed, rule of, by and for the richest of the rich, of convulsing social unrest unseen since the 1960s, and no one, no one at all, should be puzzled by how things have come to this. It has come to this because our form of democratic republic governance likely never really was practiced objectively or beholden to that piece of parchment penned over two centuries ago. We have had times of peace and prosperity, but likely those periods were a transient illusion. Reality shifts, and political reality is always in flux. If what we now have to struggle with seems beyond belief, then history has failed us in its capacity to show cause and effect. This should not be the most important election–possibly ever–confronting the country, or so some think. After all, that Constitution. Our representative form of government. Blah blah. Forget it. This election that may or may not mean the survival of our country. It has come about as an inevitable matter owing to that seminal document being written by a species that has never been inclined to work for any “general welfare” or strive for domestic tranquility. Or global tranquility, for that matter. The best of times are when those who have officially sanctioned power are content and not inclined to increase that power at any other’s expense. Hmm. When was that last an objective, political reality? Politics is friction, writ large or small. When are we free of friction, I ask? Maybe on a hyper local level, huh? Your book club? Your foodie club? You and your pet? Hell is other people, right? C’mon. You feel that quickly in life, admit it. And when those “other people” have official power, a lot of other people are left to deal with their hellish official devices.
Just. Look. Around.
Your book club or foodie group or tennis doubles clique likely has to put politics off limits as part of any repartee. Families are ripped apart by official decree or by red or blue ideologies butting heads. What a mess of a time! But it was meant to happen, folks. Of course it was. Otherwise, explain how it has happened. Corruption. Sure. By just one component of our government, whose office holders are sworn to uphold that Constitution? Was there a coup-de’etat? Hell no. It wasn’t by force that we are faced with this farce of an election. It was allowed to happen. Our human-operated democratic republic evolved into a two-party system in which where once there was a functioning “opposition party” (or the pretense of such) there is now no such national political force. Money rules. No matter who “wins” the election, money and power still will rule. That has been guaranteed by what is suppose to be that opposition party. And for tens of millions of we them peoples there is no alternative but to choose the candidate who may be about power and money, but at least isn’t the other guy. That’s what I call being in the Catbird Seat, since the polls clearly indicate far more people see the other guy as just too hellish not to vote against him, rather than for the other, other guy.
There’s your choice, and it was meant to happen this way. Otherwise explain how it has happened? Who would have asked for this? It’s a demented matter of fact, not imagination, that in the final analysis, if that Constitution was written to assure its peoples of their rights, we them peoples sure haven’t exercised our rights very well. Now, the foundation is awaiting a wrecking ball that needs be swung hard. Perhaps, though unwittingly, that is exactly what will begin on November 3rd, no matter the outcome. Then whatever replaces it in the short or long term will need a new constitutional foundation.
Imagine such an eventual outcome. Right now, imagination is everything, while what we know is nothing. Except that nothing would be better than what we have right now.
Allow me to once again beat the crap out of a long dead horse. This particular dead horse passed on 40 years ago or so, and so one might think me a bit unable to leave the creature dead and buried, once and for all. However, it’s just too important to not again put the carcass of the deceased on display at this specific point in time, because while the horse may be passed on, it hovers about, haunting millions of people, many of whom bet on it over and over only to keep watching it lose race after crucial race, losing by not knowing how to win, and at times behaving in so docile a manner that the notion of winning when it counted most was seemingly not a matter of urgency or importance. It once did know how to win. But again, that was over forty years ago, at a minimum, possibly 50 or more years ago. And right now, the spectre of this creature is so intensely insinuating itself into our daily lives that–whether one knows it or not–it would appear to be intent on reminding us of what a tragedy it’s demise represented, and how its absence constantly keeps nagging (pun intended) away at we the people regarding what it has cost our country.
Okay, enough with a metaphorical dead horse. But I think it’s quite an apt metaphor for——the Democratic Party. I guess I should use a donkey as the four-legged metaphor, since that is the Dems’ mascot. but “beating a dead horse” is an established descriptor of my mojo here. The literal meaning of the horse beating is that it is a waste of time to do so, as the dead horse will not work just because you beat it. The Democratic Party is not going to work any better if I or millions of others keep beating it. It is a DEAD HORSE. How-ever. Until the goddam corpse is not worth beating anymore, as in it has been replaced by a functioning, capable, savvy horse, willing to try its best to win winnable races, to fight and forge evermore ahead in the race, then let the desecration continue.
Right now, in late September of 2020, this is what the failed Democratic Party has managed to usher into our lives through its contemporary mojo of incompetency, corrupted ideology, and a collusive and capitulatory modus operandi: It stupefyingly lost the 2016 election to a now irrefutably intellectually bankrupt, self-styled autocratic flim-flam man, a mysogynistic cretin who overtly sexualizes his own daughter, who by edict separates–likely forever–immigrant children from their parents, who wantonly ignores science–immunological and climate related– and who has all but guaranteed he will refuse to leave office should he lose the election. Not to mention his bombastic bullshit during this week’s first “debate”. Many people saw his garish character flaws years ago, and certainly so did the DNC in 2016 when it absurdly took it for granted that Hillary Clinton simply could not lose to a shallow reality TV show host.
To go back to the dead horse theme, the 2016 election was as though the DNC’s pony in this race started out of the gate with a 20 length lead, and then the horse became bored, its sense of purpose supplanted by self-delusional invincibility. But then again, if the DNC was her handler, it was inevitable that it would lose, since that is what the DNC gives us: losers. Clinton and Obama? Towering statesmen compared to the serial ignoramus in the oval office, but both capitulated, compromised and ultimately accommodated a GOP agenda that has forever catered to a tiny fraction of the public at the expense of the greater good. Clinton and Obama both placed corporate interests over all else. Clinton signed off on gutting much of the social welfare programs that were vital to those already victimized by social and financial inequality. Obama refused to hold to account the Wall Street hucksters that cost so many their jobs, pensions and homes related to the 2008 market meltdown. FDR still spins in his grave. Oh, the corporate dems are guilty of much more than those two examples but if you doubt my umbrage is warranted, get away from the corporate media mavens and check out the journalism practiced by the independent outlets. Do it. Forget about the networks. They help spreading the lies and propaganda. Along with indoctrinating us to shop and be happy no matter what.
Now, after almost four years of the dangerous disgrace that is our current national ruling party, it boggles the mind that the Democrats, rather than being able to project a superiority to the freak show that basically wipes its ass with the Constitution, that constantly crosses legal lines with impunity, that unabashedly rigs local, statewide and national vote counts, finds itself again playing defense or worse, being unable to prevent yet another gross abuse of power by the GOP. The failed DNC apparently has no ability to block the egregious power grabs of what soon will be a second, radical-right wing SCOTUS nominee from being confirmed.
They have no power to stop this power grab because they can’t manage to win enough senate seats to have a majority. Never mind having a majority. The Democrats, back in 1991, with a 57-43 senate advantage, approved putting a right-wing nominee named Clarence Thomas on the Court, in spite of Thomas having a lackluster legal portfolio and who was accused by many women–during his hearings–of having sexually harassed them under his authority as head of the EEOC. All Thomas had to do to get the Democrats to cower and capitulate was cynically play the race card. “This is an electronic lynching” he indignantly declared, and 9 Democratic senators immediately folded and voted to confirm him. That’s our so-called opposition party for you. Even when they have numbers, they squander their power. Keep in mind Thomas has been the 5th and deciding vote on anti-democratic Court rulings such as Citizens United (corporations are “people”) and the gutting.of the Voting Rights Act. Now they can only sit back as irrelevant bystanders as another right-wing extremist is going to be confirmed –as they did with the Brett Cavanaugh nomination (indignant, at times over-the top defiant Brett was also accused of sexual misconduct, but hey, it was a matter of–like Thomas– he said vs all of them said).
This is why I again beat a dead horse. Opposition party my ass! It is apparent that winning isn’t something the Democrats care about. Seriously, they do not care enough to find strong candidates. Otherwise explain how it loses to a Richard Nixon. Or a Ronald Reagan (whose Reaganomics continue to haunt the working class). Or Bush I or Bush II (the latter the author of the propaganda fueled invasion of Iraq and its massive cost of lives while private interests reaped massive profits). But worse than those loses was that 2016 race. That loss may well spell the end of what is already a tarnished and tattered democracy, with a fledgling fascist regime hiding in plain sight right now.
Perhaps enough people who alarmingly see what is right in front of their eyes will show up on November 3rd (with likely days and days to follow to sort out the mailed-in ballots). I mean enough votes to overcome the blatant voter suppression or scrubbing of strategically identified ethnic and likely Afro-American surnames from voting rolls that is standard procedure by the GOP at this point (Keep in mind these voting count counter-measures weren’t installed in a political vacuum. Where the hell was that opposition party as it became more an in-your-face vote stealing gambit?).
Right now it looks bad for saving this country from more dysfunction, lawlessness and divisiveness. Should the dangerous, amoral denizens of high and low office be shown the door, it will be in spite of the inept and disgustingly complicit Democratic Party. Their candidate for the White House projects exhaustion while trying to enunciate a rote political rhetoric. Not too inspiring. If he wins, that dead horse won’t be resurrected. If anything, it’ll be another Trojan Horse with no teeth and no game to serve the many instead of the few. Medicare for all? Not in the DNC platform. Green New Deal? Ditto. But if victorious because legions of people take it upon themselves to fight back against what is now a GOP death cult, the DNC and its stable of gimpy nags will need be replaced as soon as possible with a fresh steeds who the vast majority of people can actually get excited about. If that can happen, the DNC and it’s play not to lose but also not to win strategy can be, finally, and once for all, pronounced dead. And permanently buried.
At long last.
Mr.T is running for re-election. Let’s take at look at the latest developments that a voter might chew on before making a decision on his worthiness. Just the recent headlines from some news organizations: “T” ‘wanted to play down Covid despite knowing deadliness’. “T” asserts Kamala Harris would be a disaster for the country. Mr.T considers those in the military who died during their service “losers and suckers”. “T” approves of opening Alaska’s Coastal Plain up to oil and gas leasing. Mr.T is attempting to dismantle the Postal Service. Mr.T claims massive mail-voting fraud without evidence of such. Okay, enough of those recent aspects of Mr.T and his beliefs, attitudes and opinions. Let’s quickly review pre-pandemic Mr.T’s use of his office: families ripped apart at the Mexican border. Worker’s struggle economically while their bosses get a huge tax cut. He has referred to white supremacists as “fine people”. Mr.T curries favor from “strongmen” such as V. Putin. According to Mr.T the city of Baltimore is ” a rat and rodent infested town” targeting the late House Representative Elijah Cummings (an Afro-American). “He suggested the late Rep.John Dingle may be in hell. When Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez and her fellow newly elected House females of color members–labeled “The Squad”– criticized him , he told them to “go back to where you came from” although all but one was born in the U,S. Mr.T pulled the U.S. out of the Paris Climate Accord. Mr.T has proposed weakening regulations on climate-changing methane emissions; he has repealed the Obama-era clean water rule.””T” has weakened the Endangered Species Act. He has boosted coal-powered plants that release carbon dioxide pollution into the environment. Mr.T is planning to loosen Obama-era rules restricting auto pollution. All of the above can be easily researched for their veracity. Oh, and one more thing: during Mr.T’s tenure at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue (or is it 1600 Mar-a-Lago?) the “nuclear clock” has moved 30 seconds closer to midnight, making the minute hand sit–for the moment at least–at 100 seconds to nuclear annihilation. So that’s some of the verifiable record of the man running for re-election. Once upon a time, in a galaxy far, far away, such a resume would be too toxic to take seriously as a motivation for such a record warranting garnering even a single vote. However, we are not in that far away galaxy. We’re stuck in this one. And the entire planet now has two very real existential threats facing it before the November 3rd, 2020 election: the pandemic and climate change. Both of these scientifically verifiable matters will be around far after November 3rd. Can the environment be saved? How many more millions will die from the virus that has no cure in sight after several months of its spread? Those are matters for all the world to worry over. Here, in the U.S., we have those two issues to either take seriously or not, plus a rather important election to either take seriously or not. Three “crisis” it is for us here, since depending on our election’s outcome, those two other issues will be profoundly affected–for better or worse. Maybe something in-tween those two extremes, given the choice available at the top of our two-party system’s ticket. There’s plenty of cynicism mingling in the breeze, possibly keeping company with Covid-19. Talk about toxic air! Humankind has some heavy lifting to do if it’s going to save itself (the Earth will be here regardless of any outcome on any of the three looming confrontations). According to the polls, Mr.T still could prevail, by hook or crook. Humans are flawed creatures. We specialize in chaos, conflict, corruption, greed, avarice, exploitation and worse and keep doubling down on the consequences of our bad choices. If I seem to be engaging in hyperbole, take some history courses and get back to me. I recently went to a planetarium and saw a great program about astronomy and its means of answering some of the inevitable questions about our place in the Big Picture fascination triggered by looking at the riot of celestial objects to be seen in the night sky. I sat there, tilted back on the seat’s headrest, once again lost in the vastness of seemingly endless outer space. Maybe it was a projected light show, but I believe it represents a reality that should remind all of us how insignificant we all are in that Big Picture. The fact that it was the human species that used its brain to explore and discover truths about time and space–and the real possibly of other life forms gave me a sense of hope. We humans are capable of such incredibly noble uses of our brains, I thought. Then the light show ended and I walked out into the pandemic reality of the day. A very hot, unseasonably hot day it was. Indeed, I had come back down to Earth with its human-made mess of a year 2020. Either we use our brains a lot better, or this particular orbiting rock has a not too bright future as just another object from some other possible view in some other possible world where other possible beings much smarter than us have yet and may never even notice we exist or existed.. That, in a.way, is the ultimate irony.
This blog may not be healthy for those with political blinders on. I cannot resist throwing more dirt on the DNC. But first, let me contrast the DNC to the GOP. Any sensible person, given even a modestly functioning moral compass, should be able to see the modern-day GOP for what it is: a venal, vile, villainous, vicious pack of plutocratic, callous, cold-blooded anti-democratic criminals. If the GOP could get their way, we’d have oil wells scattered throughout our national parks, women would not have access to reproductive healthcare, public schools would no longer exist, immigrants would be walled-off from entry, the Postal Service would be gone, Social Security would be given to Wall Street to gamble with its funds, Medicare would be abolished with no replacement considered, the Evangelicals would be a branch of government, while there would be no branch of government whatsoever designed to help anyone, anywhere, anytime, for whatever reason, should they not be wealthy enough to never, ever have need for any such “safety net” protections in the first place. There certainly would be no unions. Corporations would be given blanket immunity for any damages to the environment, worker safety and “whistle blowers” would be akin to Winston Smith, the doomed protagonist in Orwell’s dystopian novel 1984. Hell, since the September 11, 2001 attacks, the GOP has already ushered in a Big Brother agenda of bullshit disguised under the name of The Homeland Security Act. Of course, the GOP has many mouth-breathing, knuckle dragging, brain-dead supporters who likely need all of the things that their preferred party clearly is against. But that’s a mental health issue that can never be resolved, since there will never be a vaccine for terminal stupidity. Elsewise, how does one account for people as soulless as Trump, Pence, McConnell, David Nunes, Kevin McCarthy, Steve Scalise, Marco Rubio, Ted Cruz and so many more who support the above noted extreme agendas from getting elected?! Ah, but I am not saying that the GOP staged a sneaky, cynical, diabolical coup d’etat. The Elephant party is as stealthy as the Mastodon ancestors of their mascot. Here we are! Like it or not. Clearly, they use fear mongering to throw red meat at their dopey devotees and get them to the polls, but historically more registered voters–nationally– identify as Democrat, not Republican. Thus, to gain power in our entrenched two-party system, the GOP needs more of their supporters to show up at the polls than that of Democratic supporters. Sure, Hillary got 3 million more votes than Trump, but there’s that electoral college factor, a relic as rusted out and irrelevant in 21st century politics as the 2nd Amendment is, with its “well regulated militia” language clearly referring to arms and and the man circa 18th century America. Nonetheless, the electoral college decides the final tally. Since it is a well established fact that elections–especially those at the highest levels of governance–are won by appealing not to the extremes on the margins of the electorate, but to that middle ground of slightly for/against or the unmolded political Clay People who have virtually no preference (either because they don’t know what’s at stake, or they do, but feel it doesn’t matter to them). Clearly then, the Donkey Party, for the better part of forty years now, doesn’t appear to appeal to that coveted “target audience” ready to be sculpted into supporters. Which brings me back to the DNC. Yes, the DNC, who managed to let the electoral college make a sociopathic candidate the President in 2016 by propping up a massively unpopular candidate of their own. She may have gotten more votes, but again, that electoral map is not some obscure mechanism in how presidential elections are won or lost. The DNC was smug. Oh, so smug! Their candidate was such a terrible campaigner she lost the three most crucial states on that electoral map, and thus the election. There was a more passionate and progressive candidate with very popular proposals, who was threatening to take the lead in the 2016 primaries, but the DNC subverted his chances (If you don’t know how, research that political horserace and make sure you google Deborah Wasserman Schultz). Now, in 2020, we have the same sociopath running for re-election. And the same passionate progressive candidate from 2016 has again been shoved aside by the DNC (see previous blog per the Cretin and the Corpse, Jim Clyborn, South Carolina, etc)) when he looked like he could break the chokehold of entrenched Democratic, middle-of-the-road, play it safe, rock no boats, take small steps, play not to win but play not to lose, losers game of those aforementioned forty years. Ipso facto, the USA would not be headed by a sociopath now, aided by foreign interference in the 2016 election, without the incompetency of the DNC. The Democratic candidate in 2000 couldn’t manage to win his own home state of Tennessee (which would have given the electoral college to him, not the dingy, dopey Geo. W. Bush). And your typical corporate DNC critter has no guts, as Al Gore didn’t even bother to bitch about the phony Florida vote count in that notorious outcome. By ironic contrast, Mr.Psycho is already bitching about being the victim of a rigged outcome. Can you make this stuff up? The Demoratic Party is so good at losing, it brought us a purely puppet-mastered Ronald Reagan in 1980, who won by attracting millions of so-called Reagan Democrats! And all Reagan did was usher in Reaganomics and its let-them -eat-cake, deregulation, disastrous free market monetary outcomes that haunt us to this day. And even when the Democrat wins, we the people still lose. Bill Clinton? GATT-NAFTA? Gutting the social safety net programs? Barack Obama? Mr. Hope and Change, who for a short while had both the the House and the Senate with Democrat majorities, but unlike the GOP always does when it has the numbers, didn’t ram down their throats any progressive agenda, especially single-payer healthcare, which the public wanted then, and still wants now, but Candidate Corpse does not. Neither is he/DNC interested in the popular Green New Deal. The pandemic that is not about to ease up here in the US has clearly shown how rotten our political system has been for so very long. Aided by DNC’s incompetence, capitulation, accommodation and collusion in much of the nefarious legislation that fucks over the working class while transferring wealth from below to above, the rigged, exclusively corporate two-party system must be dismantled. The entire structure of this system that no longer represents we the people has to be replaced. It would be a much, much more promising future if a passionate progressive, be it a he or a she, white, black, brown or rainbow would be a choice at the top of the ticket. Not the Democratic ticket, though. How about a Progressive Party? Given the recent ascension of Progressives in local and national elections, there arr obviously a lot of people looking for real, substantive change. Not a DNC lapdog. Again. But again, the DNC quiets the voices of those fighting for real change, and AGAIN relies on a cynical and sour mantra of “you know you have to vote for our candidate. However, now that dare you to not vote for our candidate crap is a literal double-dare by the DNC. It seems to think that the Cretin’s sheer psycho-sociopathic reality show makes the Corpse a sure thing. Like Hillary was. We shall soon see. But even if the DNC wins, don’t anyone hold your breath waiting for anything to change when it comes to doing what has been needed to be done for decades. Otherwise, why does it not allow its primaries to be run without rigging the outcome? Post script! The Corpse just announced Kamala Harris as his VP choice. Does she excite you? No doubt she has the stamp of approval from the DNC. She was a candidate in the Donkey primaries. She dropped out in December owing to not gaining any traction with the voters. |
The HKBU Century Club Citywide
English Poetry Competition & Exhibition 2020
Judge: Srikanth Reddy
First Prize ($5,000 HKD): Yellow Stains on Your Chinese Blue
By Chow Yue Ching, Felix (HKU)
Corresponding artwork by Ng Yuk Tsang, Albert
Second Prize ($3,000 HKD): How to Make a Mixed Baby
By Gloria Chioma Onuoha (EdUHK)
Corresponding artwork by Wong Kwan Ho, Kwan
Third Prize ($1,000 HKD): What happened between us in Kathmandu
By Sharon Rai (HKU)
Corresponding artwork by Huang Wa Yi, Alistar
First Runner-Up: Yu
By Chan Wai Yu, Nikki (EdUHK)
Corresponding artwork by Zeng Chi Pang, Triple
Second Runner-Up: A walk near the Victoria Harbour
By Lo Chun Hung, Christopher (EdUHK)
Corresponding artwork by Fong Ka Yu, Katy and Wong Sze Na, Cilla
Third Runner-Up: Bring Me Anywhere
By Chan Chong Yan (HKU)
Corresponding artwork by Gabrielle, Bas Gabrielle Arimado
Fourth Runner-Up: To The Waters
By Chu Charmaine Antonia (HKBU)
Corresponding artwork by Wong Tsz Yan, Jasper
The HKBU Century Club Citywide English Poetry Competition is inviting submissions of poetry, in partnership with the HKBU Century Club, Department of English Language & Literature, Department of Humanities & Creative Writing, and the International Writers’ Workshop at Hong Kong Baptist University in association with the Hong Kong Poetry Festival Foundation. The esteemed judge this year is Srikanth Reddy, whose poetry collection – Facts for Visitors won 2005 Asian American Literary Award for Poetry.
This competition is open to all current full-time undergraduate students enrolled in one of the eight UGC-funded universities. Only one entry per student is allowed. Graduate students, exchange students, and part-time students are not eligible. The eight UGC-funded universities are:
- City University of Hong Kong (CityU)
- Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU)
- Lingnan University (LU)
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)
- The Education University of Hong Kong (EdUHK)
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU)
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)
- The University of Hong Kong (HKU)
Prizes include $5,000 HKD for 1st place; $3,000 HKD for 2nd place; and $1,000 HKD for 3rd place. The submission period runs from 1 November 2019 to 14 February 2020, and the finalists will be announced in early-April 2020. HKBU will organise the Century Club Citywide English Poetry Exhibition and Reading in late-April 2019 to celebrate the winning poets. There is no fee to submit a poem, and all submissions will be read anonymously by the judge. Please note there is no theme for this poetry competition. You are welcome to write a poem on any topic, but the poem must not have been published previously, either online or in print. Award-winning poet Srikanth Reddy will serve as the judge for the 2020 competition.
Reddy is the author of Voyager, which was named one of the best books of poetry in 2011 by The New Yorker, The Believer, and National Public Radio; and his first collection, Facts for Visitors, won the 2005 Asian American Literary Award for Poetry. The recipient of fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts, the Creative Capital Foundation, and the Guggenheim Foundation, he is currently an Associate Professor of English at the University of Chicago. His next book of poetry, Underworld Lit, will be published by Wave Books in Spring 2020.
Submissions must include 2 PDF files:
Photocopy of your valid student ID;
Your contact information, including your full name, email address, phone number, degree programme, and year of study.
One poem of no more than 1 A4-size page in 12-point Times New Roman. Please DO NOT include your name in this document.
Email your submission to [email protected] during the open submission period (1 November 2019 to 14 February 2020, HKT 11:59PM). The finalists will be announced in early-March.
HKBU will host the Century Club Citywide English Poetry Exhibition and Reading in April 2020 to celebrate the winning poets. The date, time, and venue will be announced by end of March 2020.
|1 November 2019 to 14 February 2020 (HKT 11:59PM)||Submission Period|
|Early-April 2020||Finalists announced|
|Late-April 2020||Century Club Citywide English Poetry Exhibition and Reading|
Please direct any queries to this email address: [email protected].
We look forward to your submission!
Organisers: Dr Tammy Lai-Ming Ho (HKBU) and Mr James Shea (HKBU) |
"Simply put, this is a ripsnorting good historical yarn full of circus lore, so smartly told by an expert storyteller that it’s the kind of book truly deserving that overused term ‘page-turner.’"—Chicago Sun-Times
"With no safety net, Raleigh takes a spectacular highwire route…making it all look easy in this captivating tale of a decent man in a very hard world. Beguiling, wise and wonderful."—KirkusReviews Starred Review
"A heartwarming, often humorous story filled with interesting circus lore as well as deeper themes about the value of human connection, especially as life winds down."—Booklist
"Rollicking, warmhearted...As dramatic and engaging as a high-wire act, the novel combines honest story-telling with down-home wit. There’s plenty of smartly written, feel-good fun under this big top."—Publishers Weekly
Michael Raleigh teaches writing, literature, and history at Truman College in Chicago, where he has taught for twenty-two years. He also teaches fiction workshops at the Newberry Library. He is the author of six previous novels, most recently In the Castle of the Flynns, and has received four Illinois Arts Council grants for fiction. He lives in Chicago with his family. |
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I recently read the book “Concepts of Simultaneity” by Max Jammer where Jammer presents the history of concepts of simultaneity. Primarily he starts with the Greek philosophers and works through to the modern age—with philosophers and physicists. The book outlines that in regards to the concept of simultaneity the most significant developments occurred in the past 110 years, starting with Albert Einstein when he published his famous paper on Special Relativity in 1905.
Time is intrinsically linked with simultaneity. Simultaneity involves how we might synchronise distant clocks with our own local clocks. This issue then has an enormous bearing on some significant philosophical questions. How do we measure the speed of light coming from the distant cosmos? How old is the universe? How do we know how old the universe is?
We accept as fact, even consider it as empirical fact, something that is actually not fact at all, but conventional. I explain below. But an incorrectly held notion has led to the idea that we can definitively know how old the universe is.
Since we know the speed of light is finite (not infinite) and the universe is enormously large, then it is concluded that it must have taken light billions of years to travel to Earth from the distant cosmos. From that it follows that both theist and atheist have incorrectly concluded that the biblical timeline cannot be correct. The atheists even use this as an argument against the existence of the Creator.
In classical (Newtonian) physics, up to several hundred years before Einstein and any measurement of the speed of light, a distant event was considered simultaneous with a local event if the local observer saw them occur at the same time, as measured by his local clock. This is because the speed of light was assumed to be infinite. There was no delay between the light leaving its source and its reception at the observer. But that all changed.
The speed of light was measured from the late 17th century into the 20th century many times, and by different methods and different observers. The results agreed at about 300,000 km/s and is designated by the letter c. This means that all signals that carry information in the universe travel at this limiting speed. However it was not until Einstein in 1905 that the full ramifications of the speed of light being a limiting speed began to be understood.
Einstein and Special Relativity
Starting with his famous 1905 paper on the theory of Special Relativity Einstein made the significant discovery that underlines the importance of the concept of simultaneity.
He had three principles (1) the relativity principle – where the physics is the same for all inertial observers; (2) the principle of the constancy of the speed of light regardless of the uniform speed of the observer and (3) the transformation equations, which up until that time were the Galileian equations, which were used in classical Newtonian mechanics.
But Einstein pointed out that these three (1), (2) and (3) are incompatible. Experiments confirmed (1) but also confirmed that the equations of electrodynamics or optics are not invariant in transition from one inertial system to another under the transformation equations (3). Thus the relativity principle (1) was in conflict with (3). For example, a moving source should add its speed to the measured speed of light. If a laser light was seen coming from the back of a spaceship speeding away, at speed v, from an Earth observer the speed of the light beam coming from the back of the spaceship, according to (3), should be the speed c – v but a light beam shining out in front of the spaceship should be c + v, due to the added speed of the spaceship.
Einstein rejected (3) in favour of (2) and his Special Relativity theory was born. This meant a major revision of the concept of time and simultaneity, in regards to the equations that govern the time we measure on clocks. It also meant different transformation equations were required. By using the Lorentz transforms Einstein was able to develop a consistent theory. From that theory strange effects like time dilation and length contraction were predicted and many experiments since have established them as experimental facts.
“We have to bear in mind that all our propositions involving time are always propositions about simultaneous events.” Albert Einstein, 1905.
How do we know events are simultaneous? If they occur in the same location they can easily be seen to be simultaneous by the fact they both occur at the same time, measured by the same clock. Only one clock is involved. But if the events are not both local, but one is distant, then only by sending a light signal from one to the other, can one ascertain their simultaneity. This means there are two clocks, one distant and the other local.
To determine the time on the distant clock when the event occurred there one needs to synchronise the distant clock (A) with a local clock (B). If the speed of light was infinite there would be no problem, because what you see is what you get. But if the speed of light ONE WAY from clock A to clock B is not infinite, what is it? You would need to measure this one-way speed of light. If you knew what it is you could make an allowance for the difference in times showing on the distant clock A compared to the local clock B. So to synchronise these clocks, in order that you might know if a distant event is simultaneous with a local event, you need to know the one-way speed of light. But here is the problem. To measure the one-way speed of light you need synchronised clocks separated by a distance. That is you need to know the time of flight of the light from A to B and with the distance calculate the one-way speed. It is totally circular, which Einstein recognised.
Einstein simply chose his method of clock synchronisation that most simplified his equations of special relativity—the standard clock synchronisation method, which means the speed of light one way in any direction is the same (or isotropic) and equal to c. He had no empirical reason to choose that, but like most theorists, symmetry and simplicity are sufficient reason.
This means the choice of the one-way speed is conventional, and not an empirically measured fact. This is the conventionality thesis on the synchronisation of clocks separated by distance.
The conventionality thesis has been debated vigorously in the scientific literature, mostly amongst philosophers of physics, who have come up with proposals in an effort to refute it. But they have been met each time by others who have exposed their errors. Most often it has meant that somewhere in their proposal they have implicitly assumed the isotropic speed the light, hence the standard synchronisation method.
This debate has ensued most significantly since the 1950’s, yet no one has produced a method to either measure the one-way speed of light or to refute the conventionality thesis. Of course, by measuring the one-way speed of light one would refute the conventionality thesis.
We may conclude that the conventionality thesis is just that, the subject of a convention, a choice, and not something empirical. That means it is not discoverable by science. The universe cannot tell us the one-way speed of light and as a result it is impossible to synchronise distant clocks with local clocks apart from choice of a convention.
The ramifications of this are significant. And no choice of any particular clock synchrony convention, hence the one-way speed of light, can have any bearing on any physics. The physics is the same under any chosen synchrony convention. Thus there can be no experiment that can refute the conventionality thesis.
What has this to do with biblical creation?
Just about everything! I believe it comes down to the same issues addressed by biblical creationists in regards to epistemology and the origin, not only of the Earth and solar system and life on Earth, but also of the whole universe.
How do we know what happened in the past? Can we directly see past events while they are occurring? No, we cannot! We live in the present. The past is gone forever. We cannot see dinosaurs allegedly evolving into birds. We cannot see anything living in the past. Dinosaur fossils are real enough but they are non-living stone. Though in some cases some biological material has been discovered, which makes you think that they could not be 65 million years old.
However my main point here is we have no access to the past. No scientific experiment can tell us how old the rocks or fossils are. No time machines exist! We cannot see the solar system and Earth while it is being formed. We can only know what happened from the history book God has given us.
I used to believe that it was different in the cosmos but the same goes for the stars and galaxies. I had incorrectly been assuming an isotropic, one-way speed of light, which meant the universe must be ten billion years old, even though I believed the Earth/solar system was only about 6000 years old. I now see how mistaken I was.
We cannot know the one-way speed of the light from the distant cosmos, or from anywhere else. So we cannot know by scientific measurement how long light from the distant galaxies has taken to reach Earth. It is just not possible by scientific measurement.
Now this may surprise you. But since the one-way speed of light is conventional, it can be chosen as any value between ½c and infinity. The limits of this range are imposed by causality. The essential requirement though is that any round-trip value of the speed of light must average to c. This is the value that has always been measured. That is, it is only possible to measure the speed of light by reflecting it back from a mirror or by using another device which responds and sends the signal back. This is then a two-way speed measurement which is what all measurements have ever been (Fig. 1).
Figure 1: Typical method for the measurement of the round-trip speed of light.
Thus we can choose an infinite speed for light coming to Earth from the cosmos, i.e. one way. This means all clocks in the universe are chosen as showing the same time as Earth clocks. So if only about 6000 years have passed for Earth clocks since Creation then the same is true for cosmic clocks. This is a matter of convention, and not a matter of empirical measurement.
The argument can be made that the language of the Bible supports the choice of such a convention. We see everything in the universe NOW, not in the past. This claim is not refutable as it is not subject to empirical measurement.
The conventionality thesis has over one hundred years of support in the scientific literature. It has been hotly debated but it has never been refuted. Even at the present time the debate continues with proposals to measure the one-way speed of light but none have successfully devised a method. In the conclusion of his book Max Jammer writes:1
“… the question of whether the thesis of the conventionality of the concept of distant simultaneity is correct has not yet reached a final or generally accepted satisfactory solution”. (p.300)
Maybe it will never be finally settled. Possibly it is one of those mysteries of the universe that we are never going to get a definitive answer to. In the same way we will never be able to measure the one-way speed of light, as unsatisfactory as that may seem.
The scientific and philosophical arguments have not be in defence of the biblical age of the universe. They have been made solely on the basis of the physics; epistemology and ontology. However, based on our understanding of the scriptures, the universe is about 6000 years old. And biblical creationists are free to choose a convention that agrees with this biblical timescale. The conventionality thesis supports the young universe biblical creation interpretation of the history in Genesis.
References and notes
Jammer, M., Concepts of Simultaneity, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. The book is expensive so I would suggest you find it in a library if you plan on reading it.
Not accelerating, i.e. moving at a constant speed relative to one another.
Quoted on introductory page of Jammer, M., Concepts of Simultaneity, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.
The problem is even bigger because to know the distance you also need to know the time on the distant clock. Ultimately a distance measurement is a measurement of time on a pair of synchronised clocks at each end of the distance to be measured.
Also called the Einstein Synchrony Convention (ESC)
I sought for relativistic solutions that used time dilation to solve the problem.
Genesis 1:14,15; Psalm 33:9; 2 Peter 3:7.
The debate is even much more uncertain when it comes to general relativity, where gravity is added. It is even more uncertain in quantum mechanics where any concept of relative clock synchrony seems to be elusive. Newtonian absolute simultaneity seems to be more compatible with that theory, which includes faster-than-light action at a distance from the collapse of the wavefunction with entangled pairs of quantum states.
- My current thinking in distant starlight
- How does a biblical creationist explain the fact that we see the sun?
- Effects of the Curse visible in the cosmos present another biblical creationist starlight travel-time problem
- Einstein’s physics says there is no biblical creationist starlight travel-time problem
- Can we see into the past?
- Jason Lisle’s new book “The Physics of Einstein”
- New cosmologies converge on the ASC model
- Update on the ASC model and the one-way speed of light
- Questions on the ASC model
- A student’s understanding of the ASC model
- Anisotropic Synchrony Convention —A Solution to the Distant Starlight Problem
- Distant Starlight: The Anisotropic Synchrony Convention
- The Anisotropic Synchrony Convention model as a solution to the creationist starlight-travel-time problem – Part I
- The Anisotropic Synchrony Convention model as a solution to the creationist starlight-travel-time problem – Part II
- Jason Lisle defends his ASC model
- Synopsis: A biblical creationist cosmogony
- A question on ad hoc in my cosmologies
- The lecture: Starlight and Time—Is it a brick wall for biblical creation?
- Starlight and Time: Is it a brick wall for biblical creation?
- Aberration of starlight and the one-way speed of light
- Solutions to the biblical creationist starlight-travel-time problem
- How do we see distant galaxies in a 6000 year old universe? |
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The student loan debt crisis is a hot topic across America from living rooms, where parents and students look for ways to pay for college, to the halls of Congress, where legislators work to manage the federal student loan programs.
A recent study, according to Forbes in May 2018, says only half of the students that started college in 1995-96 had paid off their federal student loans 20 years later. Shockingly, this group still carried about $10K in federal student loan debt.
The good news is certain STEM teaching jobs in Texas allow teachers to get a helping hand from the state in repaying their student loans, thanks to the Math and Science Scholars Loan Repayment Program.
What is the Math and Science Scholars Loan Repayment Program?
Administered by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, the Math and Science Scholars Loan Repayment Program was created to encourage math and science majors academic standouts to take up teaching in Texas public schools, especially in schools with a high percentage of low-income students.
Teachers accepted into the loan repayment program can receive funds from the state applied to their college loans. Initial enrollment into the program and the following three years of participation must be in a Title 1 Texas public school that qualify for federal funding under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.
For the 2018-19 school year the Math and Science Scholars Loan Repayment Program has $1,287,500 available to hand out in approximately 250 awards with the maximum amount per teacher set at $5,000.
How Can a Teacher Qualify for The Loan Repayments?
The first step to qualifying for this loan repayment program is to demonstrate your academic achievement in math and science education.
Basic requirements include:
Completion of an undergraduate or graduate program in mathematics or science;
Earned a cumulative GPA of at least 3.5 on a four-point scale or the equivalent, at the institution from which the teacher graduated.
Of course, you also have to be eligible to teach so you must be certified to teach math or science in Texas or hold a probationary teaching certificate for either subject. You can read here how to get a Texas teaching certificate.
The next step is to have an employment contract as a full-time teacher to teach math or science in a Title 1 school for the initial year of your application. In order to qualify for full-time teacher status your employment contract will have to call for an average of four hours of instruction per school day.
The final requirement is that you must be a U.S. Citizen to qualify for the program.
The Fine Print
While you must teach in a Title 1 school to be enrolled initially in the Math and Science Scholars Loan Repayment Program, you don’t have to spend all eight years at a Title 1 school to be part of the program.
After four years at a Title 1 Texas public school, science and math teachers can remain in the loan repayment program for four more years, as long as they teach at a Texas public school.
It should be noted that those teachers moving out of Title 1 schools after four years in the loan repayment program will receive lower annual awards than those remaining at Title 1 schools.
Annual loan repayment awards, which are contingent upon availability of funds, are disbursed directly to lenders following completion of each verified employment period.
Teachers that drop out of the Math and Science Scholars Loan Repayment Program at any time after their first completed year will not have to repay any awards contributed toward their loans.
To be eligible for this program the teacher can not have received other loan repayment assistance, federal or state, including a Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education Grant.
The only catch to this "free money" is that the award given will be reported to the Internal Revenue Service.
Sign me Up!
Teachers don’t have a lot of time to enroll for the 2018-19 year as the deadline to turn in your application is Aug. 31, 2018.
Completed applications, including an official transcript from the institution from which they graduated, must be postmarked by the application deadline.
Micah is the Director of Curriculum & Technology. He holds a Bachelor of Arts in British Literature, from the University of North Texas and a Master of Arts in Teaching, from Louisiana College. In his previous career, Micah served for 14 years as a banker and bank manager. For the majority of this period, Micah managed the Downtown Fort Worth location of Frost Bank.
In 2005, Micah finally surrendered to his true calling to be an educator. After a brief, but fulfilling term teaching high school English at Flower Mound High School in Lewisville ISD, Micah went to work for the family business, training teachers.
Connect with ECAP
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A Simple Way To Complete A Politics Dissertation
A good way to compose your thesis on politics successfully is to check out undergraduate politics dissertation examples. Having read several papers written by other people, you’ll know how to approach this assignment properly and structure your own paper in an appropriate way. The first thing that you’ll need to do is to get these sample papers.
Where to Get Undergraduate Politics Dissertation Examples
- Approach your instructor;
- Visit your university library;
- Ask your university friends for help;
- Go to academic centers;
- Search for the needed samples on the Internet.
Using these options, you’ll be able to get as many examples as you need. Read all of them to get a good idea of what your own paper should look like.
How to Organize the Work on Your Thesis
Once you’ve found and analyzed several good sample papers, you can start working on your academic project. Here are the steps that you should take:
- Choose your topic.
- Conduct your research.
- Outline your paper.
- Compose a draft.
- Proofread your text.
- Format your document.
Select an issue related to politics that will be interesting for you to research and that you can find a lot of background information to rely upon.
The next step will be to read and analyze the literature sources related to your topic to support your main thesis or answer your main question.
After having conducted your study, you should plan what chapters and subchapters to divide your paper into and what to include in them.
Write the first version of your paper following your outline and meeting the requirements indicated in your assignment guidelines related to the tone and length of your text.
Revise your paper a few times correcting different errors and rewriting weak paragraphs and sentences. Make sure that they main message of your paper is conveyed clearly.
Apply the appropriate format requirements to your entire paper.
In summary, completing a politics dissertation is a difficult but feasible task. If you aren’t sure what your paper should be like, you may check out several examples before starting your work. Having gained the needed knowledge, organize your work in the right order and you’ll be likely to succeed. |
Divine Imaginaries: The Turn to Literature in the Feminist Theology and Spirituality
AbstractAt least since beginnings of the second wave of the women’s movement, feminist theologies and spiritualities have turned to the literary world, particularly women’s writing, as a resource. The novels, poetry, prose, and drama authored by women have been used by feminist scholarship to critique the patriarchal and androcentric language, teachings, doctrine, and scriptures of religious traditions, and to reimagine the sacred in ways that validate, recognize, and speak to women’s spiritual lives. In this chapter, I discuss religious feminism’s very literary disposition, and the ways it has harnessed women’s creative written worlds. First, I highlight two connected reasons for the ‘turn to literature’ - the dissatisfaction with Christian scripture and the desire for an alternative set of ‘sacred texts’ to inspire and generate new theological and spiritual insights – drawing on feminists whose work draws together religion and women’s literature. Second, the chapter highlights that while the use of literature has been vital in the development of feminist religious thinking, the reading strategies adopted have tended to rely on the often problematic categories of women’s experience and authorship. This can mean that feminist literary spiritualities have been guilty of essentializing women’s religious identities, and by preferring women’s writing as its sacred texts has limited literature. Finally, the chapter suggests that despite the prevalence of literature in feminist theology, actual, embodied women readers are a neglected but important part of the turn to literature.
CitationLlewellyn, D. (2017). Divine Imaginaries: The Turn to Literature in the Feminist Theology and Spirituality (pp. 177-194). In Hawthorne, S, M. (Ed.). God and Gender. Macmillan-Palgrave.
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
Whether you are assigned or given the liberty to choose English essay topics on your own, how you address the topic can either make or break your grade. Therefore, great care must be exercised when tackling any assignment.
How to select English essay topics
Irrespective of whether the topic assigned is interesting to you or otherwise, you must think of the best way to address it. If you have not been assigned, the following approaches are helpful in selecting English essay topics:
You have the responsibility of researching on as many works of literature as possible. It is only through exposing yourself to extensive literature that you will know prominent English essay topics you can address. If a topic is repeated in several sources, probably it is a good topic to address. However, you may need to address the topic from a different perspective to breathe in new life.
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To understand different approaches that have been taken in a particular topic, you might want to refer to a variety of English essay examples addressing the same.
Your opinion on a certain work of literature can make good English essay topics. To add value to the idea, conduct extensive researches based on what you have.
Based on whether you are doing a group assignment or otherwise, you can brainstorm on your own, or in a group setting. Brainstorming gives you the opportunity to bombard an assignment from as many angles possible. While brainstorming, write everything that crosses your mind without editing. After the exercise, choose the most suitable through elimination.
To come up with acceptable English essay topics, you must base them on interest, relevance, feasibility and availability of resources. Again topic selection should be based on the ability of a topic to give raise to a strong thesis statement. A strong thesis statement bears characteristics such as preciseness, clarity and must be testable. Remember that English essays must demonstrate critical thinking and writing skills.
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Robert Camacho was born in New York City and grew up in Brooklyn. He attended Stuyvesant High School where he played football and basketball. After high school, he went to Columbia University where he studied English literature. His first job after college was working at a bookstore in Manhattan called Bookmarks & More. Here, he met fellow student John Waters (who would later go on to create Pink Flamingos). They began writing short stories together under the pseudonym “Razor.” Their stories were published in various literary magazines like the Village Voice and Strange Fruit.
Camacho’s first book, The Big Sleep: A Novel of Crime and Madness was released in 1972. It won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction that same year.
Since then, he has been nominated for several other awards including a Hugo Award, two Nebula Awards, a Locus Award, a World Fantasy Award and an Edgar Award. His novels have sold over twenty million copies worldwide.
In addition to his fiction, Camacho has written nonfiction books about crime and madness such as The Art of the Steal: A Memoir of Crime and Madness (1985) and The Dark Side of the Moon: A Memoir of Music, Drugs, Rock ‘n’ Roll, and Life (1991). He also wrote a children’s book titled The Adventures of Mr.
Whiskers with illustrations by Mark Buckingham.
In the late 1990s, Camacho moved to France with his life partner Jean-Baptiste Monge. They currently live in a secluded chateau located outside of Rennes le Chateau.
They also own a villa in Marrakech, Morocco.
Camacho received his bachelor’s degree from Columbia University. He also has an honorary doctorate from the Art Institute of Chicago.
Sources & references used in this article:
Mutational landscape of metastatic cancer revealed from prospective clinical sequencing of 10,000 patients by …, AA Abeshouse, AV Penson, P Jonsson, N Camacho… – Nature medicine, 2017 – nature.com
Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2): a … by …, J Jerez, D Acosta, F Yánez, R Camacho… – The …, 2010 – researchers.mq.edu.au
Wisdom of crowds for robust gene network inference by …, R Küffner, NM Vega, RJ Prill, DM Camacho… – Nature …, 2012 – nature.com |
The halo of celestial church organ that eases in to signal the arrival of Danish melodic black metal duo Ildskær for their second official release, ‘Paa dækket kalder de døde‘, is the first of many inspired details that grow in value when the listener approaches their “Danish Historical black metal” self-description with serious inquiry. The roughly half hour EP is infallibly composed, with such a refined touch that one could easily vegetate within its beauteous streams of melody and be enraptured well enough but, there is yet far more of interest here beyond swaying streams of tremolo picked regalia. Within the duos work we are entirely bombarded with the pivotal militaristic heroism of a nation destined to their proud defeat, capturing an idealistic time for Denmark before industrialization and monarchy would arguably tame all but the infamous Danish national attitude and identity. A triumphal-yet-melancholic work in great harmony with the verbose historical subject matter in hand, ‘Paa dækket kalder de døde‘ is yet another reason you should’ve taken note of Ildskær when I’d recommended their debut full-length ‘Den Rædsomste Nat‘ last year.
Circling back to the church organ that plays during the opening moments of “Natten er Tyst” and the closing moments of “Den Sidste Orlogsmand” — This introduction via reverberating melody is an slight modulation of a Danish naval ode to a life cut short, it’s melody writ in the early 1800’s by Romantic composer and celebrated organist C.E.F. Weyse and given lyrics a half-century later, as “Kommer hid, I piger små“, writ by N.F.S. Grundtvig who’d dedicated it as a hymnal to naval compatriot Peter Willemoes a young war hero that’d caught a grenade while defending the warship Prinds Christian during the Battle of Zealand Point where the British would prevail in 1808. Context is everything here as (if you’d translated that song title) it reads uh, “Come here, you little girls” to start and though Grundtvig was Lutheran, and a key figure in Danish national history, we can still give him the benefit of the doubt as he calls upon young women to sing and tribute the charming young hero his lyrics tribute. The tradition of community gathered in song was championed by Grundtvig, a pastor, poet, translator, politician, historian and philosopher who is often portrayed as the glue that held together Danish national identity during darkest times. Even deeper context is available especially if unaware of the Den danske guldalder (or, Danish Golden Age) a hardly contained artistic renaissance within Denmark where German romanticism would influence immense boons in art, architecture, literature, philosophy and science amidst national bankruptcy, devastating citywide fires, and of course backyard/naval warfare with England and allegiance with Norway. It goes without saying that if we can glean this much context, panoramic set and setting, from a brief intro and outro humming through the surreal echoes of a church organ on a black metal album then we must’ve stumbled onto something goddamned worthwhile.
As far as what is new or different here compared to ‘Den Rædsomste Nat’, we can approach this EP as a limit test for how much of an “epic” expansion Ildskær can manage beyond the condensed 5-6 minute modus of their debut. We aren’t missing their core melodic black metal presence but this guitar work might initially appear diluted in some sense, trading some blustering dramatic impact for loosened atmospheric values, better drum production and overall cleaner mixing with less bluntly delivered arrangements. Consider that first album more in the realm of Forteresse and Asgrauw whereas the pace on ‘Paa dækket kalder de døde’ lands in my mind a bit closer to Monarque, a shade more subtle and atmospheric. That isn’t to say that they’ve leaned into these Romantic composer driven slow-dances entirely, each piece has at least a bit of a kick to keep the action from becoming a pure drone, my suggestion being that they take their time here and it’ll reward folks who’ve enough attention span to follow the lengthy passages that impress within. “Blodrøde Bølger” is a fine example, showcasing this dynamic sense of movement as it crests near the ~2:40-3:00 minute mark into the eased-but-aggressive peak of the song; There we witness the most condensed version of the piece’s motif before it is expanded and contracted for dramatic effect as the determined pace presses on, occasionally bursting into somewhat quiet double bass bursts, which do feel a bit soft compared to the stifled charm of the drums on ‘Den Rædsomste Nat’. The tumult of this song narrates the Dano-Norwegian alliance navy lacking in ships, resorting to strapping cannons to rowboats and outmaneuvering the Royal navy in many instances, highlighting the thrill of industrious “guerilla” naval warfare in what was likely terrifying and chaotic circumstance with this song lines up nicely, and I think that’d be the major takeaway in appreciation of the longer pieces on ‘Paa dækket kalder de døde’ — The imagery they’ve presented fits these increasingly ambitious and majestic songs nicely, even if I do miss the ‘to the point’ nature of the first record somewhat.
We end with the bloody events that our opening (and closing) hymn indirectly presented, the mass grave at sea resultant from the Danish-Norwegian defeat at the Battle of Zealand Point. I won’t dig through the details of this one, however interesting it is to me, because the band have done a fine job of documenting their influence and historical information elsewhere. I so greatly appreciate their willingness to provide context and education via social media and their distribution pages that I’d rather you followed them there and poured over their well-presented efforts. Why on Earth more black metal artists don’t wear proudly their similarly involved intellectual pursuits is beyond me, as I’ve found my time with Ildskær‘s work enriching, inspiring and informative, opening doors to countless hours of reading and musing over the art and literature that’d been influenced by the real events described. Even if the subject matter isn’t of interest to some, at the very least none could walk away from ‘Paa dækket kalder de døde’ suggesting that it were void of passion or artistry as there is palpable inspiration within it’s ~half hour three song run and their execution is satisfyingly complete and heavily repeatable for my own taste. A high recommendation.
|TITLE:||Paa dækket kalder de døde|
|RELEASE DATE:||March 20th, 2021|
|BUY & LISTEN:||Bandcamp [All Formats]|
Melodic Black Metal
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Do Ants Carry Diseases?
By Chris Williams on June 17, 2015.
Probably the most interesting aspect to me of my chosen career field of entomology has been the relationship insects play in public and animal health. Blood-feeding insects and other arthropods are very efficient disease vectors. Cockroaches and flies can be good ‘mechanical’ disease vectors because they often frequent unsanitary conditions and can transport many different species of pathogenic microorganisms to surfaces.
Cockroaches and other insects can be potent triggers for asthma also. Ants were the number one pest concern of respondents of a 2010 survey.
So do ants carry diseases?
Opinions on the answer to this question are all over the place. Some say no, because of ant’s fastidious grooming habits. Taking a look at the literature, ants can an do carry diseases, but it depends on where the colony is ‘working.’ Studies conducted in Brazilian hospitals have shown ants to be an effective mechanical vector (contaminating surfaces) for many different pathogenic microorganisms. They are clearly associated with hospital borne illnesses.
That is the bad news part of the story. You don’t want to catch a hospital-acquired disease, so stay out of hospitals. The good news part of my investigation is that I found nothing about ants foraging in your kitchen during the spring, that mentioned anything about carrying infectious diseases. For nuisance ant control, contact the pros at Colonial Pest Control.
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Lately I’ve found myself drawn repeatedly to Matthew Arnold’s famous poem “Dover Beach“, which is one of the great poems of English literature. It is difficult for me to read this poem, because it is full of the despair of existence, and it anticipates Nietzsche’s announcement of the death of God by two decades, at least. In that sense, it expresses something quintessential about the modern mood, which is already traceable in the earlier poetry of John Donne (1572 – 1631) and William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) – the eclipse of the soul; the looming dark night of the soul. The death of God was already anticipated by Donne much earlier, in his great poem “An Anatomy of the World“.
“Dover Beach”, it seems to me, stands somewhere between Donne’s “Anatomy of the World” and Nietzsche’s final pronouncement of the “death of God”. It expresses the world as the realisation of “Single Vision & Newtons sleep” as William Blake anticipated with dread and horror — the Kali Yuga. |
All for the Greater Good™
Wisdom to Improve Our World™
Raffaello Sanzio - The School of Athens, Plato left and Aristotle right (1509)
Urgent Announcement to "We the People":
A matter of national emergency, which every American & world citizen must investigate immediately. This is a call to action...please find more information at: investigate911.org
Georgetown University Professor & President Clinton's academic mentor, Dr. Carroll Quigley, says that powerful investment bankers have planned "a world system of financial control in private hands able to dominate the political system of each country and the economy of the world as a whole." (source)
Renowned historian, Dr. Carroll Quigley writes that after world war one, the "powers of financial capitalism had another far-reaching aim, nothing less than to create a world system of financial control in private hands able to dominate the political system of each country and the economy of the world as a whole. This system was to be controlled in a feudalist fashion by the central banks of the world acting in concert, by secret agreements arrived at in frequent private meetings and conferences. The apex of the system was to be the Bank for International Settlements in Basle, Switzerland, a private bank owned and controlled by the world's central banks which were themselves private corporations. Each central bank, in the hands of men like Montagu Norman of the Bank of England, Benjamin Strong of the New York Federal Reserve Bank, Charles Rist of the Bank of France, and Hjalmar Schacht of the Reichsbank, sought to dominate its government by its ability to control Treasury loans, to manipulate foreign exchanges, to influence the level of economic activity in the country, and to influence cooperative politicians by subsequent economic rewards in the business world. ... The argument that the two parties should represent opposed ideals and policies, one, perhaps, of the Right and the other of the Left, is a foolish idea acceptable only to doctrinaire and academic thinkers. Instead, the two parties should be almost identical, so that the American people can "throw the rascals out" at any election without leading to any profound or extensive shifts in policy." --Dr. Carroll Quigley, Tragedy & Hope: A History of the World in Our Time, mentor to U.S. President Bill Clinton, renowned Historian, Professor of History at Georgetown University, consultant to the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Navy, and the Select House Committee on Astronautics and Space Exploration, which went on to establish NASA. During his presidential acceptance speech at the 1992 Democratic National Convention, future U.S. President Bill Clinton named Dr. Quigley as an important influence.
"In short, the "house of world order" will have to be built from the bottom up rather than from the top down. It will look like a great "booming, buzzing confusion," to use William James' famous description of reality, but an end run around national sovereignty, eroding it piece by piece, will accomplish much more than the old-fashioned frontal assault. Of course, for political as well as administrative reasons, some of these specialized arrangements should be brought into an appropriate relationship with the central institutions of the U.N. system, but the main thing is that the essential functions be performed." --Richard N. Gardner, The Hard Road to World Order, Foreign Affairs (Journal of the Council on Foreign Relations - CFR), page 558, Volume 52, Number 3, April 1974. Member of the Trilateral Commission, Senior Adviser to the United States Ambassador to the United Nations (U.N.)
Please find more information regarding the criminal agenda to implement Authoritarian World Governance at: investigate911.org
"Be the change you want to see." --Gandhi
We live at the dawn of a magnificent new age—one that offers hope, peace, and joy for our future. Each of us has the freewill to influence such a world. It will not be easy—then again, anything worthwhile seldom is.
Most of us have thought about changing our world and simply by existing we have all succeeded.
The path and extent of such change is up to us and is our most noble of duties.
All for the Greater Good is a philosophy that embraces the vast-untapped power of humanity to focus collectively on wisdom that improves our world's sustainable quality of life. All for the Greater Good is portrayed here through a mind-walk of quotes by many great thinkers, scientists, poets, and humanitarians, who have stood-up and made a difference for us all.
To improve our world.
Influence our worldview with wisdom that improves sustainable quality of life.
Emerging Ecological Worldview
Greater Good Theory, a.k.a. Greater Good Philosophy—asserting that civilizations whose leaders and people center their worldview around Greater Good values ultimately improve their sustainable prosperity
Holism & Synergism
Advanced Educational Philosophy
Inspired Organizational Philosophy
Progressive Scientific Knowledge & Classic Wisdom
Love, Truth, & Happiness
Liberty, Social Justice, & Unconditional Mutual Respect
Tolerance, Empathy, & Patience
Synergistic Relationships & Functional Ego
Anti-sarcasm, Anti-avarice, & Non-aggression
Humanitarianism & Meliorism
Optimistic, Proactive, & Pragmatic Attitude
Tactful Cooperation & Collaborative Spirit
Transform our educational philosophy to foster nurturing learning environments, which inspire love for life, knowledge, and creativity, while emulating our most noble ideals.
Vast Increase In Quality of Life & Sustainability For All
Fulfilling & Harmonious Society
Improved Educational System
Self Correcting Citizenship, through a Collective Purpose
Broadmindedness & Emotional Intelligence
Less Aggression & Lower Crime Rate
Salvation for Our Civilization
"Wisdom to improve our world lies in providing nurturing learning environments for our children and our communities, which inspire love for life, knowledge, and creativity through a mutual purpose." --Ellison
"Every art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and choice, is thought to aim at some good; and for this reason the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim." --Aristotle
"A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they shall never sit in." --Greek proverb
"To sin by silence when we should protest makes cowards out of men." --Ella Wheeler Wilcox
"Above all, I am motivated by the most mysterious drive we ever experience–that of love...I don't think there's any influence on my life that compares with love." --R. Buckminster Fuller
"A great civilization is not conquered from without, until it has destroyed itself from within." --Will Durant
"In a Nation that boasts one of the highest standards of living in the world, literacy remains a vexing problem: The U.S. ranks 49th in literacy among the 158 member countries of the United Nations." --The U.S. National Commission on Libraries and Information Science (NCLIS)
"A sustainable community is designed in such a way that its ways of life, businesses, economy, physical structures, and technologies do not interfere with nature’s inherent ability to sustain life." --Fritjof Capra
Salvador Dali - Paysage aux Papillons (1959)
"Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself." --Leo Tolstoy
"He who serves all best serves himself." --Jack London
"Any path is only a path, and there is no affront, to oneself or to others, in dropping it if that is what your heart tells you…Look at every path closely and deliberately. Try it as many times as you think necessary. Then ask yourself, and yourself alone, one question…Does this path have a heart? If it does, the path is good; if it doesn’t it is of no use." --Carlos Castaneda, The Teachings of Don Juan
"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world--indeed, it is the only thing that ever has." --Margaret Mead
"The church is a human institution, and it is slow. It's also a universal institution. It takes a long time for ideas to seep to the top, let alone to move the bottom. So you just realize that what is going on right now is simply the seeding of the question. It comes down to how many snowflakes does it take to break a branch? I don't know, but I want to be there to do my part if I'm a snowflake." --Sister Joan Chittister
"Education is not filling a pail but the lighting of a fire." --William Butler Yeats
"Lovers of wisdom must be inquirers into many things indeed." --Heraclitus, 5th Century B. C.
wis·dom [wĭzʹdəm] noun
1. Understanding of what is true, right, or lasting; insight: "One cannot have wisdom without living life" (Dorothy McCall).
2. Common sense; good judgment: “It is a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things” (Henry David Thoreau).
3. a. The sum of scholarly learning through the ages; knowledge: “In those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations” (Maya Angelou). b. Wise teachings of the ancient sages.
4. A wise outlook, plan, or course of action.
5. Wisdom Bible. Wisdom of Solomon.
[Middle English, from Old English wīsdōm.]
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition. Copyright © 1992 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
"It is from numberless diverse acts of courage and belief that human history is shaped." --Robert Kennedy
"I like the dreams of the future better than the history of the past." --Thomas Jefferson
"One can resist the invasion of an army; one cannot resist the invasion of ideas." --Victor Hugo
"Most people see the world as they are, not as it is or could be—leaders need a broader view." --Unknown
world·view [wûrldʹvy´] noun
1. The overall perspective from which one sees and interprets the world.
2. A collection of beliefs about life and the universe held by an individual or a group. In both senses also called Weltanschauung.
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
"Wisest is he who knows he does not know." --Socrates
"The greatest thing you’ll ever learn is just to love and be loved in return." --Eden Ahbez
"Our scientific power has outrun our spiritual power. We have guided missiles and misguided men." --Martin Luther King, Jr.
i·de·ol·o·gy [dee ólljee , ìddee ólljee] (plural i·de·ol·o·gies) noun
1. system of social beliefs: a closely organized system of beliefs, values, and ideas forming the basis of a social, economic, or political philosophy or program
2. meaningful belief system: a set of beliefs, values, and opinions that shapes the way an individual or a group such as a social class thinks, acts, and understands the world
[Late 18th century. From French idéologie , literally "science of ideas," from idéo- "ideo-" + -logie "-logy."]
Encarta® World English Dictionary [North American Edition] © & (P) 2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
"The urgency of improving our educational system is a matter of national
"The only thing necessary for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing." --Edmund Burke
"A society of sheep must in time beget a government of wolves." --Bertrand de Jouvenal
"Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed..." --The Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
"War should belong to the tragic past, to history: it should find no place on humanity's agenda for the future." --John Paul II
"Beneath the rule of men entirely great, the pen is mightier than the sword." --Edward George Bulwer-Lytton
"Until we learn the use of living words we shall continue to be waxworks inhabited by gramophones." --Walter De La Mare
"The supreme reality of our time is...the vulnerability of this planet." --John Fitzgerald Kennedy
"Insanity in individuals is something rare—but in groups, parties, nations and epochs, it is the rule." --Friedrich Nietzsche, (1844-1900)
"We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them." --Albert Einstein, (1879-1955)
"He who bends to himself a Joy Doth the winged life destroy; But he who kisses the Joy as it flies Lives in Eternity's sunrise." --William Blake
"The salvation of mankind lies only in making everything the concern of all." --Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn
"As our cosmos is dynamically interconnected; all actions are legacies to all that is and will ever be." --Ancient Mystic Wisdom and Imminent Western World View
Van Gogh painted Starry Night while in an Asylum at Saint-Remy in (1889)
"Think globally—act locally." --David Brower, founder of Friends of the Earth (1969)
"In contrast to the mechanistic Cartesian view of the world, the worldview emerging from modern physics can be characterized by words like organic, holistic, and ecological. It might also be called a systems view, in the sense of general systems theory. The universe is no longer seen as a machine, made up of a multitude of objects, but has to be pictured as one indivisible, dynamic whole whose parts are essentially interrelated and can be understood only as patterns of a cosmic process."
"I believe that human survival in the face of the threat of nuclear holocaust and the devastation of our natural environment will be possible only if we are able to radically change the methods and values underlying our science and technology. I advocate the shift from an attitude of domination and control of nature, including human beings, to one of cooperation and nonviolence."
"The picture of an interconnected cosmic web which emerges from modern atomic physics has been used extensively in the East to convey the mystical experience of nature."
"The most important characteristic of the Eastern worldview—one could almost say the essence of it—is the awareness of the unity and mutual interrelation of all things and events, the experience of all phenomena in the world as manifestations of a basic oneness. All things are seen as interdependent and inseparable parts of the cosmic whole; as different manifestations of the same ultimate reality."
"Quantum theory forces us to see the universe not as a collection of physical objects, but rather as a complicated web of relations between the various parts of a unified whole."
"This shift from objects to relationships has far-reaching implications for science as a whole. Gregory Bateson even argued that relationships should be used as a basis for all definitions, and that this should be taught to our children in elementary school. Any thing, he believed, should be defined not by what it is in itself, but by its relations to other things."
See "Bootstrap Philosophy"
--Fritjof Capra, The Tao of Physics
and The Turning Point
"An elementary particle is not and independently existing unanalyzable entity. It is, in essence, a set of relationships that reach outward to other things.” --H. P. Stapp
"The world thus appears as a complicated tissue of events, in which connections of different kinds alternate or overlap or combine and thereby determine the texture of the whole." --W. Heisenberg
"When we try to pick up anything by itself we find it is attached to everything in the universe." --John Muir
"The conception of the universe as an interconnected web of relations is one of two major themes that recur throughout modern physics. The other theme is the realization that the cosmic web is intrinsically dynamic." --Fritjof Capra, The Turning Point
"This we know. All things are connected like the blood which unites one family...Whatever befalls the earth, befalls the sons and daughters of the earth. Man did not weave the web of life; he is merely a strand in it. Whatever he does to the web, he does to himself." --Ted Perry, inspired by Chief Seattle
Claude Monet - Water Lilies (1916)
"The word synergy comes from the Greek sin-ergo, meaning, to work together. It describes a mutually supportive atmosphere of trust, where each individual element works towards its own goals, and where the goals may be quite varied; nevertheless, because all elements of a synergetic system support one another, they also support the whole." --R. Buckminster Fuller
syn·er·gism [sĭnʹər-jĭz´əm] noun
1. See synergy
2. CHRISTIANITY Christian theological doctrine: the doctrine in Christian theology that the human will and the Holy Spirit work together to bring about spiritual regeneration or salvation.
Encarta® World English Dictionary [North American Edition] © & (P) 2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
"The important thing is not to stop questioning." --Albert Einstein
"A wise man's question contains half the answers." --Solomon Ibn Gabirol
"As Peter Russell explains in his book, The Awakening Earth, "Synergy in social groups represents the extent to which the activities of the individual support the group as a whole. Groups high in synergy tend to be low in conflict and aggression: the social structures are such that the activity of the individual is naturally in tune with the needs of others and to the needs of the group." He goes on to say that, "The amount of synergy in society is a reflection of the way in which we perceive ourselves in relation to the world around." Through use of the lunation ritual technology described in these pages, we have a golden opportunity to co-create, and sustain, a synergized field of consciousness—a pervasive and generative matrix of creativity. This matrix could support substantially new and unique responses to the many crises of a world in transition from one mental house, to another; from an industrial world, to a post-industrial world; from history to post-history. It could, in fact, be seen to be the vanguard activity of a new human species, a species named by visionary Robert Boissiere as Homo Spiritus: a species "exhibiting a powerful inclination toward the spiritual aspects of life, in marked contrast to our present preoccupation with all things material." Within such a spiritualized species, the movement toward wholeness and spirituality is entirely self-chosen. Every step on the path of a spiritual life is valid and important, just as every phase of a creative process is integral and important to the whole. Each participant must focus his or her intention, and make his or her lifestyle changes, changes that will allow for sustained alignment to principles and practices integral to this emerging worldview." --Dwayne Edward Rourke
"We are becoming fully conscious of a higher spiritual process operating behind the scenes in life, and in doing so, we are leaving behind a materialistic worldview that reduces life to survival, gives a pittance to Sunday religion, and uses toys and distractions to push away the true awe of being alive. What we want instead is a life filled with mysterious coincidences [synchronicity] and sudden intuitions that allude to a special path for ourselves in this existence, to a particular pursuit of information and expertise—as though some intended destiny is pushing to emerge. This kind of life is like a detective story into ourselves, and the clues soon lead us forward through one insight after another." --James Redfield, The Secret of Shambhala
"On the way back home form the moon, as I was gazing out the window at Mother Earth, the awe-inspiring beauty of the cosmos suddenly overcame me. While still aware of the separateness of my existence, my mind was flooded with an intuitive knowing that everything is interconnected—that this magnificent universe is harmonious, directed, purposeful whole. And that we humans, both as individuals and as a species, are an integral part of the ongoing process of creation." --Edgar Mitchell, Apollo 14 Scientist
Edvard Munch - The Scream (1893)
"In a government of laws, existence of the government will be imperiled if it fails to observe the law scrupulously. Our Government is the potent, the omnipresent teacher. For good or for ill, it teaches the whole people by its example. Crime is contagious. If the Government becomes a lawbreaker, it breeds contempt for law; it invites every man to become a law unto himself; it invites anarchy."
"Experience should teach us to be most on our guard to protect liberty when the Government's purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding."
--Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis
"The true danger is when liberty is nibbled away, for expedients, and by parts." --Edmund Burke, (1729-1797)
"Children have never been very good at listening to their elders, but they have never failed to imitate them." --James Baldwin
"Man, when perfected, is the best of animals, but, when separated from law and justice, he is the worst of all." --Aristotle
"Man is not born evil. Why then are some of them infected with this plague of malevolence? It's because those who are at their head have the malady and communicate it to the rest of mankind." --Voltaire
"This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence…economic, political, even spiritual…is felt in every city, every Statehouse, every office of the federal government. We must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought by the military-industrial complex. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes." --Dwight D. Eisenhower
"The world is a dangerous place to live; not because of the people who are evil, but because of the people who don't do anything about it." --Albert Einstein
"Men are like plants; the goodness and flavor of the fruit proceeds from the peculiar soil and exposition in which they grow." --Jean de CrFvecoeur
"The true measure of a man is how he treats someone who can do him absolutely no good." --Samuel Johnson
"Access to power must be confined to those who are not in love with it." --Plato
"The moment is as it should be." --Bhagavad Gita
"If you have integrity, nothing else matters and if you do not have integrity, nothing else matters." --President Ford
"The life of the nation is secure only while the nation is honest, truthful, and virtuous." --Frederick Douglass
"It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change." --Charles Darwin, paraphrase of Darwin in the writings of Leon C. Megginson
"The weak have one weapon: the errors of those who think they are strong." --Georges Bidault
"The world has achieved brilliance without conscience. Ours is a world of nuclear giants and ethical infants" --Omar N. Bradley
"The foundation of empire is art and science. Remove them or degrade them, and the empire is no more. Empire follows art and not vice versa as Englishmen suppose." --William Blake
"Our soul is the collective legacy of all our actions." --Eastern Worldview
"The universe is full of magical things patiently waiting for our wits to grow sharper." --Eden Phillpotts
"One never knows what will happen if things are suddenly changed. But do we know what will happen if they are not changed?"
"Rulers who want to unleash war know very well that they must procure or invent a first victim."
--Elias Canetti, British (Bulgarian-born) writer (1905-1994) who won the Nobel Prize in Literature
"Kindness in words creates confidence. Kindness in thinking creates profoundness. Kindness in giving creates Love." --Lao Toe
"The tax which will be paid for the purpose of education is not more than the thousandth part of what will be paid to kings, priests and nobles who will rise up among us if we leave the people in ignorance." --Thomas Jefferson, (1743-1826)
Raymond Betancourt - The New Garden
"The salvation of our civilization lies in the quality of our education."
"One word describes the folly of our educational system—greed. It is this ignorance, which motivates influential constituents to fall short of enabling educational ideology to evolve and produce the results that Americans are capable of producing. As evidenced within the voting record of our US representatives recorded at VoteSmart.org, a political dichotomy responsible at this level, for lack of educational advancement is self-evident. Action speaks louder than words and the record speaks for itself. As it stands, the United States ranks seventeenth in the world in public education. The richest nation is producing mediocre results whilst professing desire for educational excellence. The time has come to invest in humanity—for it is this that will ultimately afford the best defense for our civilization and provide the highest quality of life for all. Buying into the propaganda espoused by shills posing as satisfied customers to dupe the public into participating in a self-serving swindle and squandering opportunities that would have served humanity is not the example that most would want to set for their children. We need to
address the crises within our own society. As the most powerful nation on earth, we have an opportunity and a responsibility to
produce real change and create a better life for our children, our
children's children, and ourselves. Remaining sophomorically unrealistic in our consciousness and apathetic in our actions will not serve melioristic aspirations."
"The stairway to heaven lies in creating heaven within our schools."
"Seeding the benefits of social entrepreneurship is central to a capitalist society’s well-being."
"Quality of life is paramount!"
mel·io·rism [mēlʹyə-rĭz´əm, mēʹlē-ə-] noun, the belief that society has an innate tendency toward improvement and that this tendency may be furthered through conscious human effort.
[Latin melior, better + -ism.]
— melʹio·rist noun
— mel´io·risʹtic adjective
Excerpted from The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition Copyright © 1992 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
A "meliorist" is someone who believes that things get better. "Optima" is the Latin root for "best," and "melior" is the root for "better." Optimization is an old paradigm notion which assumes that there is a "best" to achieve. Setting sights on a single "best" can result in a narrowing perspective. This contrasts with meliorization which, on the other hand, seeks not one "best" but continual improvement through a process of constant adjustment, review and reaction through a feedback loop. It is a non-hierarchical, non-linear, highly flexible and adaptable method of achieving improvement. Evolution is the classic example of meliorization; change and transformation produce improvement through a process of iterative adaptation.
© 1999 Stephan Fopeano.
"A people that values its privileges above its principles soon loses both." --Dwight D. Eisenhower
"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal." I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today." --Martin Luther King, Jr.
"There is one evident, indubitable manifestation of the Divinity, and that is the laws of right which are made known to the world through Revelation." --Tolstoy
"It’s amazing what you can see when you look." --Yogi Berra
"The good generally displeases us when it is beyond our ken."
"Merchant and pirate were for a long period one and the same person. Even today mercantile morality is really nothing but a refinement of piratical morality."
"What makes equality such a difficult business is that we only want it with our superiors." --Henry Becque
"Happiness and strength endure only in the absence of hate. To hate alone is the road to disaster. To love is the road to strength. To love in spite of all is the secret of greatness. And may very well be the greatest secret in this universe." --L. Ron Hubbard
"The television, that insidious beast, that Medusa which freezes a billion people to stone every night, staring fixedly, that Siren which called and sang and promised so much and gave, after all, so little." --Ray Bradbury, (1920- )
"America will never be destroyed from the outside. If we falter, and lose our freedoms, it will be because we destroyed ourselves." --Abraham Lincoln, (1809-1865)
Pablo Picasso - Woman with Book (1932)
Turn The Page II |
In Windpark N33, locals have been complaining about buzzing sounds for quite some time. Tones were also measured on the four southern wind turbines.
Opponents fear the harmful health effects of low-frequency noise (LFG) from wind turbines. Is that true or not? Since Windpark N33 is controversial and people with inconvenience from wind turbines and from low-frequency noise in general may be particularly interested in this topic, RTV Noord searched for evidence. Upfront Disclaimer: Scientists are not clear in their assessment.
Read more in this audio report on the health effects of low-frequency noise from wind turbines. The report comes out at its best when you listen to it with headphones.
RIVM Study at LFG and Windmills
Research begins at the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). RIVM published last year A literature search. It lists the scientific publications that address the health effects of wind turbine noise. Sound was considered in a broad sense and low-frequency sound. One of RIVM’s most important conclusions is: “Living near wind turbines or hearing wind turbine noise can lead to chronic discomfort for residents. There is no consistent evidence of other health effects such as insomnia, sleep disturbances, and mental health effects.
The complaints people face about wind turbines also relate to other matters
RIVM adds that there are no indications that the effects of the low-frequency sound differ from the normal sound. It is also not expected that the effects of infrasound (the sound below twenty hertz to which our hearing is insensitive) will be different.
Annoyance can cause stress.
Fritz van den Berg, one of the researchers, sees it as a nuisance to people who live around wind farms. This can cause stress. This is not healthy. This stress, in turn, can lead to high blood pressure and, for example, an increased risk of a heart attack. According to him, the scientific literature shows that such complaints can occur near wind farms. “But,” as Van den Berg emphatically says, “it is also about other things.”
You often see that the stress and the complaints associated with it are also caused by the complex process surrounding building a wind farm, a negative change in the landscape and the fact that locals don’t feel heard. According to van den Berg, this is fundamentally different from the fact that low frequency noise causes complaints.
For people with low-frequency noise, this can be difficult to tolerate. They suffer a lot of inconvenience and are afraid of harm to health. For this reason, Tegenwind N33 and Platform Storm, for example, have joined forces to establish the Wind Turbine Disease Foundation.
Read this animation below about what a low-frequency sound is. Animation was created by Sander Schieving.
People who fight the health damage caused by wind turbine noise (and against low-frequency noise in general) often refer to Portuguese researcher Mariana Alves Pereira. It researches the effects of low frequency and infrasound on human and animal health. They focus mainly on frequencies below 20 Hz, which is a sound that our hearing is completely unaffected by. Alves Pereira referred to this sound as “a signature of windmills”. Van den Berg also mentions its existence.
Based on concrete examples, Alves Pereira tries to demonstrate a connection between this infrasound and the development of damage to the heart and blood vessels, especially if someone has been exposed to sound for a prolonged period.
Alves Pereira, along with other researchers, came to this path by searching among aircraft technicians. These people are constantly exposed to loud, low-frequency noise from aircraft while they are working. Relationships have been found between long-term exposure and health damage. Across this link Watch a YouTube video featuring Elvis Pereira giving a presentation for Platform Storm.
Alves Pereira and colleagues apply these research findings to people who live near wind turbines and where there are health harms as well. But these follow-up studies are controversial. Many scholars and experts criticize him. Because the noise from wind turbines is not as loud as aircraft noise. Additionally, according to critics, the examples used by Alves Pereira are eclectic and low in number. Also, any other causes that could explain the health damage have not been examined.
For this reason, Elvis Pereira is rarely cited by other scholars. There is even a scientific study entirely devoted to the methodology applied by Elvis Pereira and her colleagues. One of the conclusions of this research is that the modus operandi of Elvis Pereira is “an obnoxious quality.”
If the noise standards were 35dB, you would see complaints about the wind turbine diminish.
People who are bothered by windmills and low-frequency noise can’t do much with conclusions like these. They encounter problems and want to identify a cause, so that a solution can be found. On the contrary, they believe that Alves Pereira deserves recognition because they make it possible to discuss the consequences of low-frequency noise upstream.
Search for atrial fibrillation
Alves Pereira and her colleagues did not study the relationship between wind turbine noise and health damage. A study was also conducted in Denmark on the health effects of wind turbine noise. This mainly looked at atrial fibrillation. In atrial fibrillation, the heart beats irregularly and is usually faster than normal. It can cause feelings of restlessness and anxiety. Atrial fibrillation makes people more tired or dizzy while exercising.
A sample of more than 24,000 Danish nurses examined whether exposure to wind turbine noise causes atrial fibrillation. Researchers cautiously state that as the noise level increases, there is an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation. But they add an important nuance, which is that chance cannot be ruled out. Thus, the scientific evidence has not been conclusively proven.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there is a risk of health damage above certain levels of noise. If the noise level is high enough, it may lead to complaints in the heart. In this case, it is about ambient noise in general, which is caused by, for example, traffic, in which all sound frequencies are included. This is not limited to low frequency noise only, nor is it specifically related to noise from the wind turbine.
Jan de Lat search
Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) also conducts research on windmill noise, under the direction of clinical physicist and audiologist Jean de Lat. Like RIVM, LUMC serves as an overview of the various studies in wind turbine noise and health impacts. Final results are expected within two months. De Latt doesn’t want to say much about the results, but he’ll definitely lift a party veil. For example, he has seen studies appear where both people in noisy places and people in silent hideouts have been screened. It turns out that some people in the silent bunkers say they see the sound after all.
It is an illusion that all kinds of decisions made by the government do not bother anyone.
Sound standards are too high?
De Laat thinks noise standards in the Netherlands are too high. In the current situation, the noise standards are 41 dB. “If the noise standards were 35 dB, you’d see fewer complaints about the wind turbine.” At 41 dB, more than four times the noise is allowed.
Fritz van den Berg understands the De Lat series of ideas, but believes that scholars should not replace politics. How high are the noise standards is a political question. After all, wind turbines are also necessary for energy transmission. You can make the standards tougher, but this will significantly reduce the number of places a wind turbine can still be built in.
Ultimately, according to van den Berg, the harmful effects of wind turbines must always be weighed against their advantages. It is an illusion that all kinds of government decisions do not bother anyone. You always weigh the acceptable inconvenience. And where these limits should be is not due to science, but politics.
In principle, Delat agrees. His study shows that in a number of countries, including Germany, the turbine must be at least ten times the height of its tip (mill height including blades) than the built area. So if the height of the limb is 200 meters, then the distance to the construction area should not be less than 2000 meters. “At this distance, the noise of the mill does not exceed 35 decibels at night.”
dB (A), a unit of measurement for measuring noise pollution
The Noise Nuisance Law applies the noise standard expressed in dB (A). Decibel means decibel, a unit of sound measurement. (A) Represents the correction applied. Because not all sound frequencies, including the low ones, can be perceived by people well.
Low-frequency sound is sound with a frequency of less than 100 Hz. The lower the frequency, the louder the sound must be for him to perceive it. on the site onlinetonegenerator.com You can listen to any lows that you can hear yourself. In Windpark N33, tones between 40 and 50 Hz are found.
Since low-frequency sound is more difficult to perceive for most people of medium and high frequencies, this means that at dB (A) the low-frequency sound frequencies are much less important. So there is criticism of the official noise standard in the Netherlands, which does not take into account low frequency noise.
Do you want to respond to this article? Send your reaction or story to [email protected]
– Hum tones noted in the southern mills of Windpark N33
– The Difficult Research In Noise Pollution: We Are Kidding Ourselves
– Troubled Times: A podcast series about the windmills in Groningen
“Coffee fanatic. Friendly zombie aficionado. Devoted pop culture practitioner. Evil travel advocate. Typical organizer.” |
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application addresses Challenge Area (01) Behavior, Behavioral Change, and Prevention and specific Challenge Topic, 01-DA-104: Functional Roles of Glia-Derived Factors in Mediating Drug Abuse. In line with NIDA's mission to support research that will improve drug abuse treatment, the long-term objective of the proposed translational research project is to develop treatments that effectively promote, hasten, or augment brain healing and cognitive recovery following methamphetamine (MA) dependence and abuse. Based on current support in the literature and our own findings, it is postulated that MA alters blood brain barrier permeability thereby exposing central nervous system (CNS) antigens and facilitating the development of anti-CNS responses. Thus, the central hypothesis to be tested with this project is that immunomodulatory agents can promote brain healing following MA use by reducing the accumulation of neuroinflammatory cells and glial-derived factors, and by reducing immunoreactivity to neuroantigens. The short-term objective to be addressed by this proposal is to test the proof of concept that immunotherapy using recombinant T-cell receptor ligands (RTLs) can regulate glia-derived and related immune factors, concurrently triggering healing responses in the brain and improving MA-induced cognitive impairment. Specific Aims to be addressed include: 1) to test the therapeutic efficacy of RTLs in improving cognitive function, decreasing neuronal degeneration, decreasing neuroinflammation, and preserving peripheral immune cell function in mice following chronic MA administration, 2) to test the in vitro therapeutic activity of RTLs in preserving peripheral immune cell function and reducing immunoreactivity to neuroantigen in mononuclear cells from MA dependent adults. Methods (Rodent Component): Following chronic MA versus saline administration, mice will be treated with RTL versus vehicle. Mice will undergo cognitive behavioral testing and blood and brain sample collection following the drug and intervention treatment phases. Immunohistochemistry, flow cytometric analysis, and multiplex assays will be used to measure blood and brain markers of neuronal degeneration and myelin repair, neuroinflammation, and peripheral immune function. Methods (Human Component): Blood samples will be collected from MA dependent adults, adults in early remission from MA dependence, and non-dependent controls. Mononuclear cells will be isolated for in vitro treatment with RTLs versus vehicle, followed by stimulation with recall antigens and neuroantigens. Multiplex assays will be used to evaluate the effects of RTL treatment and antigen exposure on inflammatory and anti- inflammatory mediators. Following the completion of our two year project, the scientific impact to the field of substance abuse research will be substantial and will potentially offer a new treatment strategy for MA dependence and abuse that could be readily tested in humans. Methamphetamine (MA) addiction is a growing epidemic in our nation, yet there are no FDA-approved medications to treat MA dependence. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Chronic MA abuse is known to cause neuronal injury and neuroanatomical changes that are associated with cognitive impairments, and the cognitive impairments that persist during recovery likely contribute to high relapse rates and poor treatment outcomes. Therefore, discovery of an immunotherapy that could improve brain repair and cognitive recovery following MA addiction would represent a major scientific breakthrough that could broadly impact addiction treatment and outcomes.
|Effective start/end date||9/30/09 → 5/31/12|
- National Institutes of Health: $469,568.00
- National Institutes of Health: $474,779.00 |
State of learner autonomy among secondary school students in CLT classroom in Dhaka
AuthorOnia, Fahmida Rifat
MetadataShow full item record
Learner autonomy engages the learners in effective decisions and various learning strategies through becoming aware in ELT classroom. As a result, learners’ communicative competence level increase and learners become more interested in varied learning strategies day by day in CLT classroom. Therefore, the aim of this research is to explore the present state of learner autonomy among secondary school students in English classes using communicative activities. Qualitative approach has been taken in this research. Four secondary English teachers and ten students have participated in interview session and six different classes have been observed for primary data collection. Therefore, data has been collected through the process of questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and class observations. In this research, literature review also has been presented as secondary source of data. Autonomy is considered as the ability to control someone’s own learning. On the other hand, Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach creates communicative competence for language teaching and using language where real information will be changeable through four English skills. Therefore, it can be said that learners will be able to become self-motivated through communicative activities an autonomous atmosphere. In addition to, it can also be said that there is a connection between learner autonomy and CLT approach according to their nature. This research actually reflects that there is a gap between secondary school teachers’ understanding regarding CLT approach and the following process of CLT approach in the classroom which is a major issue in this present situation. It also highlights that there is a distance between teachers and students in their communication system in English classroom which is not being helped implementing the principle of CLT approach and becoming autonomous learner. Finally, this report discusses the research questions based on the findings and data analysis to investigate the aim of this report purposefully. Brief summaries are also provided for recommendations and conclusion part. |
Written in EnglishRead online
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||192|
Download Facts of love.
The Facts of Love: Living, Loving and Growing Up. Hardcover – Decem Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device by: 2.
The Facts of Love: Living, Loving and Growing Up by Alex Comfort. Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Start by marking “The Facts of Love: Living, Loving and Growing Up” as Want to Read: Want to Read.
saving/5(22). Facts of Love book. Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. SOME WOMEN ARE BORN TO LOVE -- OTHERS HAVE TO BE TAUGHT!Paula Grayson cont /5. Author KENNY LUCK takes readers on a riveting ride through the science, law, and history of relationships and dating in short easy-to-digest bites.
A relationship columnist and master of the love arts, Luck has dug through piles of research, presenting the most relevant and important facts about love and relationships that the world has : Kenny Luck.
Facts of Life and Love Paperback – January 1, by Evelyn Millis Duvall (Author) See all 3 formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. Price New from Used from Hardcover "Please retry" — Author: Evelyn Millis Duvall.
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The facts of love by, DecemRandom House Value Publishing edition, Hardcover in EnglishPages: Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Start by marking “The charisma of love: The facts of you and I. (The power of love)” as Want to Read:. If you are looking for a novel or a book that paints the nostalgic tale of lost adolescent love, then you should read this.
A clear narrative by a fifteen year old, Francois Seurel, of his friendship with Augustine Meaulnes, who falls in love with a mysterious woman, Yvonne, only to find her years later, the book is magical and takes on a search for lost : Casey Imafidon.
Instead of just saying "I love you", they wanted to get to the deeper meaning of love by helping people express the reasons why they love each other. Rob, Chris, John, and Kevin began working on LoveBook ®, a personalized book of all the reasons why you love someone.
They believed that spreading love, in all its forms, was an important goal. Love is chaos. The enduring symbol of love, Cupid (or Eros) is said to have come from Chaos (“The Yawning Void”) and represents the primitive forces of love and desire. ‘Love’ is a word derived from Sanskrit.
Interesting Psychological Facts About Love Women are less attracted to men who have a belly (this one might be a bit obvious). A large amount of abdominal fat on an individual indicates that they have lower levels of testosterone – meaning that they also have lower sex drive and low fertility.
Facts of Love. likes. Facts in LOVEFollowers: Love activates areas of the brain with a high concentration of receptors for dopamine (associated with euphoria, craving, and addiction) and its relative, norepinephrine. The maple leaf is a symbol of love in China and Japan—and in North America, it was often engraved on beds of early settlers to promote peaceful sleep and pleasure.
. True facts of love February 2, Therez no good lady and therez no bad lady, only that the extent matters, some who are even the worst can turn to very good ladies, its you the man to turn her to that lady you want if you really need her, if she really loves u, you wil realise that she wil change though not at rate in wic inpatient man Followers: texts All Books All Texts latest This Just In Smithsonian Libraries FEDLINK (US) Genealogy Lincoln Collection.
National Emergency Library. Top The facts of love: living, loving, and growing up Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. This moment, too, is worth living. Please, allow yourself to accept the goodness of this moment— whether happiness comes to you in the form of a hot mug of coffee, wearing comfy clothes while reading your favorite book, or doing nothing at all.
And since you obviously love reading and learning things, we decided to round up some of the most interesting facts about books so you can know a little bit more about the thing you love most. 1 Author: Jill Layton.
17 Facts Of Life For Anyone Who Loves Books More Than Anything Else. but there's something appealing about having thousands of your favorite books in the palm of your hand.
You love to. Facts Of Love Lyrics: These are the facts of love / These are the facts of love / You've heard about my reputation / You might think that I'm as cold as ice / If you know a secret, I'm not so hard to.
The 5 Love Languages Summary Chapman is convinced that keeping the emotional love tank full is as important to a marriage as maintaining the proper oil level is to an automobile. When your spouse’s emotional love tank is full and they feel secure in your love, the whole world looks bright and your spouse will move out to reach their highest.
The 3 books of the Bible that talk about love most I want to see which books of the Bible focus on love most. To do this, I’ll take every mention of “love” in each book of the Bible, and then divide it by the number of words in that book.
10 Interesting And Amazing Facts About True Love “She loved that man madly, but in a delirious way of some kind; there was never any mooching or mincing around, just talk and a very deep companionship that none of us would ever be able to fathom.
You might even have a list of things your perfect mate should embody. The thing is, there are many biological factors that go into “falling in love.” Love is overly romanticized in today’s culture, so you probably don’t know these scientific facts about love.
Falling in love is exciting. Colors seem brighter. Obstacles seem to : Amanda Dewitt. In celebration of Book Lovers Day (August 9th), we’ve compiled a list of 36 interesting facts about books. Record-setting Books. You can’t have a list of interesting facts about books without including some of these gems.
The Earliest Work of Literature. The earliest known work of literature is an epic poem titled the Epic of Gilgamesh. The History of Love: A Novel is the second novel by the American writer Nicole Krauss, published in The book was a finalist for the Orange Prize for Fiction and won the William Saroyan International Prize for Writing for fiction.
An excerpt from the novel was published in The New Yorker in under the title The Last Words on : Nicole Krauss. Love is locked into a relationship with loneliness in the book, and though love can relieve loneliness, it can also cause it.
The novel also argues for the power of words. Books and literature are everywhere in the novel, and unite the characters across the generations.
The History of Love was a finalist for the Orange Prize for Fiction in A film adaptation of the book was released in 30 Facts About Love That Will Make Your Heart Smile.
It's more than just an emotion, folks. By Morgan Greenwald. Septem By Morgan Greenwald. Septem Though being in a relationship comes with its downsides, it's worth suffering through those melancholy moments just to reap the many benefits that love has to offer.
At the Author: Morgan Greenwald. Love is pure, love is painful, love is sweet and love is dreadful. True love is overwhelming. Love is something we strive for and something we mourn the loss of. Let us present you with 21 interesting facts and theories about love that will explain much about this all-absorbing phenomenon without dispelling its romance and poetry.
1. "Outside of a dog, a book is man's best friend. Inside of a dog, it's too dark to read" (Groucho Marx). People in India are the world's biggest readers, spending an average hours a. Book of Love is an American synthpop and electronic band, formed in in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and later based in New York City.
Led by vocalist Susan Ottaviano, the band also includes keyboardists Ted Ottaviano (no relation to Susan), Lauren Roselli and Jade Lee. 7 Surprising Scientific Facts About Love and Attraction. Love and attraction are arguably the most confusing of all human emotions. Poets write about them, philosophers ponder them, and virtually all humans actively seek them.
Howard from St. Louis Park, Mn "Book of Love" was also used as the theme for "The Newlywed Game" when Paul Rodriguez replaced Bob Eubanks as host in Ted from Loveland, Co Peaked Billboard position #5 in Reportedly inspired by a Pepsodent commercial "You'll wonder where the yellow went when you brush your teeth with Pepsodent".
It is actually called Love and the Facts of Life but it is by the same author. The original printing was Again I'm assuming this is either science-fiction, fantasy or a horror book.3/5(3). Below are 10 science-based facts to help you understand what love really is—and isn’t: 1.
Love is different than passion or lust. Physical attraction is an important part of love for most of. One of the most interesting facts about love is that the seminal fluid is known to contribute to romantic love. It is believed that the liquid that surrounds the sperm contains dopamine also known as the pleasure chemical and norepinephrine as well as tyrosine, an amino acid required by the brain to manufacture dopamine # Cupid’s Birth.
Directed by John Bowab. With Charlotte Rae, John Lawlor, Lisa Whelchel, Felice Schachter. To the chagrin of the headmaster, Mrs. Garrett holds a sex education class. Meanwhile Blair gets into a compromising situation with a boy and has to make a tough decision/10(43).
A Short History of Love - The Book of Life is the 'brain' of The School of Life, a gathering of the best ideas around wisdom and emotional intelligence. The strange thing about love is that even though we experience it in a deeply personal and apparently instinctive way, it has a history. Some Love Stories are immortal and remain as examples for all the lovers for generation after generation.
They renew and reinforce our respect and faith for love. A closer investigation of such great love stories of some romantic historical couples reveals that many of them met a tragic end. They did, however, show us that true love is stronger than anything else in the world. Discover the best Trivia & Fun Facts in Best Sellers.
Find the top most popular items in Amazon Books Best Sellers. ABC I Love Me Miriam Muhammad. out of 5 stars Paperback. The Big Book of American Facts: Interesting Facts And Trivia About USA (Trivia USA) (Volume 1) Bill O'Neill. out of 5 stars This is why love is important.
Now we said we’d focus on romantic love, but we also said we’d help you find your love – and that means that we have to mention just one more type of love – love for yourself.
For you see, it is incredibly hard to find love without loving yourself first. The Famous in Love book series was written by Rebecca Serle. The first book was published intitled Famous In Love. It follows the story of Paige, a girl who gets plucked from obscurity to star in the next major feature film franchise based on a book and the ensuing love triangles she gets entangled in on and off screen. |
Apparently, Gary is now a documentary filmmaker, and officially an HIV Denialist. What a pity. So many people like him. It's a shame he has to go from being wrong to being wrong and dangerous.
Check out this beauty from his website (edited for space):
Documentary filmmaker (sic) and health expert Gary Null (sic-er), Ph.D.(sic trifecta!), features never before seen footage from around the world, especially in Africa, in his new film "AIDS, Inc.". This is the first film on AIDS to bring together the most compelling arguments of dissident scientists, physicians and public health advocates.
In "AIDS, Inc.", Dr. Null shows how greed and corruption have prevented any real progress in fighting the epidemic and its underlying causes. The film challenges the notion that AIDS or HIV is an African monkey virus that is spread sexually and can be "treated" with harmful drugs. It considers the common underlying conditions of the epidemic, such as malnutrition, unclean water, poverty, illness such as TB, malaria and dysentery, and poor lifestyle choices.
Help give a voice to over 4,000 dissident scientists, physicians and public health advocates, and redirect the war on AIDS. We offer letters which can be adapted and sent to your legislators. Please be sure to include your name and address on the letters.
In "AIDS, Inc. Dr. (sic) Null shows how greed and corruption have prevented any real progress in fighting the epidemic and its underlying causes. The film challenges the notion that AIDS or HIV is an African monkey virus that is spread sexually and can be "treated" with harmful drugs.
This should really be the final straw in the discrediting of Null. Any PBS station that still uses his infomercials during their pledge drives should stop. If they don't, viewers should consider sending their money to some other worthy cause, and tell the station why.
Just the appearance of his website oozes what I like to call a high wacko quotient. There's a great [self-sic] joke in all this about the Null Hypothesis but it's way too early...must...get...coffee.
FullFrontal: I hope the coffee won't be in enema form...
This is a bit off topic, but have you ever considered having links open in a separate window rather than taking someone away from your site?
You are implying that I have some sort of logical, systematic method that I employ...
...the hydrogen peroxide was just plain stupid...
It has always amused me that the hydrogen peroxide cures everything and the AIDS is oxidative stress kooks tend to flock together despite the mutually contradictory beliefs.
Bill, I just middle-click to open links in another tab anytime I want to keep the main window open.
~Bracing for a Firefox commercial...
Gary has been a hardcore AIDS denialist for years, this is nothing new:
Help give a voice to over 4,000 dissident scientists, physicians and public health advocates
What's an order of magnitude among friends? Or two, for that matter.
And if you dare to criticize him he will send his lawyers after you, threatening to sue (see my website for details).
He'll send lawyers? Geez, I haven't heard from them yet, and I've been, um, highly critical.
I like your letter. Did you get sued?
never mind followed the link...might have to look into this further...thanks
"Gary has been a hardcore AIDS denialist for years, this is nothing new"
Dr. Duke, why don't you tell that to the under-informed disinformants with a nose for the important news stories at JP's:
But crediting Denialism Blog with "outing" Null is maybe one of those little mutual bedside gestures you guys show each other?
I wonder who you'll "out" next - Thabo Mbeki?
Gary Null has some listing of supplements for treatment of HIV in the back of one of his books. It is possible some of them will slow the progression to AIDS. He is right about the money problem as it takes millions of dollars to get approval for a HIV drug. This leaves drugs already off patent that can not be used because there is no profit and much cost. It is a flawed system.
Supplement and herbs also have that problem. Things such as lactoferrin inhibits entry to virus. Enough blocking of virus entry does away with HIV drug resistance. One can be a denalist in the sense of a very flawed health medical system that WHO has United States listed 37th just next to Cuba.
One can make fun on denalist because they are a suicide club but convential medicine lacks flexibility and one can make fun of them as they also increase the HIV problem with more deaths. There are no innocents with this disease. You can even start with Ronald Regan as an example. Nobody seems to want to change things and both denalists and convential think they are right. It seems things work both ways.
Well, I have to admit that I don't know the veterinary literature, but from what I can parse from your difficult grammar and reasoning, you seem to think that supplements have been shown effective in treating HIV. None have. What has been shown effective is HAART (highly active anti-retroviral therapy).
Real science is far more interesting and useful than guesswork. Knowing what CCR5 is, knowing what integrin is, knowing what reverse transcriptase is, and knowing their significance is far more useful than guessing about herbs for which there is no evidence.
Also, blocking viral entry does not render a virus immune from evolutionary adaptation. There is nothing particularly different, in an evolutionary sense, between blocking entry to the cell and inhibiting replication. They all exert selective pressures.
Oh, and my colleagues don't especially like AIDS denialists, so, while I won't censor comments, you won't receive a warm fuzzy welcome here.
Denialist is a prejudiced term. We are DISSIDENTS in that we dissent from the common view of AIDS. You people are the ones in denial. You deny the fact that this virus had never been isolated or shown to harm anything. You deny the fact that the meds have never been scientifically demonstrated to prolong life. Hundreds of thousands of AMericans have been "HIV+" for over 20 years and were never tested, so they don't even know they have "HIV." Why aren't they dying of AIDS? Once they are told they are "infected" the fear alone is enough to collapse the immune system. Giving people toxic medications to raise their t-cell counts makes about as much sense as burning your house down to test the smoke alarm.
In 1984, a fraud and charlaton, Robert Gallo, announced his theory and an industry began. Ten years later he admitted his theory was wrong, "The virus doesn't kill t-cells...." But nobody paid attention. There was too much money in what they doing, and God forbid they admit that they had been doing more harm than good.
I'm a dissident. I am not in denial.
Why is it that anytime I see a response to an old post, it's *always* some denialist rant?
Let's see... starts with the usual "Nuh-uh! You're the denialist!" whine, lie, lie, unsupported assertion, rhetorical question, unsupported wild allegation, bad analogy, false quote, Big Med/Big Pharma money allegation, repeat "I'm not in denial" whine.
Yep. It's a denialist. Anyone wanna bet he's a drive-by and never responds?
You guys amaze me. If you want PROOF. I dare you to contact Gary Null or go to google and look up his videos. He can PROVE what he says. CAN YOU???? The AMA in 2000 admitted that prescription drugs alone CAUSED the DEATH of over 100,000 Americans.
I myself have used both Hydrogen Peroxide and Ozone IV's as an alternative to Prednisone for IPF(Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis) along with exercise, suppelments, meditation etc. and I'm still alive and well after more than 4 yrs after the official diagnosis and 7 years after the first noticible symptoms. The typical IPF patient, 75%, are dead of IPF in 3-5 yrs. I still walk 2 miles every morning and can sing better than I could 3 yrs ago.
You, with your head in the sand, can laugh at Hydrogen Peroxide therapy showing your IGNORANCE if you want. But are you really being OBJECTIVE or are you supporting the status quo who kills more Americans EVERY YEAR than ALL the Americans that died in WWI & WWII????
Go ahead...I challenge you. Bring all of your stats....contact Gary Null and go on his radio show on PRN and go head to head...point on point with him. You'll lose the arguement because YOU HAVEN'T DONE YOUR HOMEWORK.
THEN WHY IS THERE STILL MONKEYS!!111!1!
Holy mackerel!Even with "disemvowellment" I can still discern:"HAVEN'T DONE YOUR HOMEWORK",a taunt Null frequently uses on the radio.
To quote my favorite author; myself,
Why is it that anytime I see a response to an old post, it's *always* some denialist rant?
Yep. Three months pass, and some new denialist twit crawls out of the slime.
Holy crap! I'm a prophet!
I've listened to Gary for a long time. His right wing libertarian politics make me cringe. But along the way he has helped a lot of people with serious illnesses. The many testimonials broadcast on his program don't sound like frauds. The hosts of this website would never have listened long enough to know. They are the ideological heirs of those physicians who for decades claimed there were no negative health effects from smoking. No need to listen to the patient, no need to keep an open mind, they have all the answers already.
Yep. About three months, just like clockwork. This is starting to get creepy.
I swear, I will only use my powers for good!
Gary Null happens to be right about a lot of what he says. Those who call him a 'denialist' obviously have not sat and carefully watched/listened to his documentaries. He backs up everything he says with expert witnesses, clear scientific explanations etc. You know they once called doctors 'witches' and 'sorcerers' because people couldn't understand what medicine was.
I've got a Ph.d from Columbia so I'm not dummy and I predict in 100 years when they look back they will see that Mr. Null saw through the BS 'invented' diseases like Aids, ADHD and Depression and will call them what they are...corporate manufactured 'labels' for real but 'traditional' ailments that the pharmaceutical companies conjured up to make BILLIONS from short-sighted people like many on this board and unsuspecting 'Joe Citizen'.
I've got a Ph.d from Columbia so I'm not dummy
...all that needs to be said, really
Good thing you guys know everything. I was starting to worry that there were some mysteries in the universe that had remained unsolved. Seems as though you resort to taunting and name calling, instead of proof, and forget about an open mind.
Ever wonder why people have no confidence in doctors, pharmaceuticals, and the health "industry"? It's because we have all experienced the "medical ARTS" in all their glory...NOT WORKING. Is it so hard to imagine why people would look for alternative answers?
btw, I have never heard of Gary Null before today.
Naturally, whenever some crank tries to revisit settled science, other cranks try to defend him/her with the "open mind" gibberish.
Have you heard of a little thing called "evidence"? Show us some, and we'll be interested. Until then all your blah blah blah is the buzzing of so many gadflies.
Settled science? That's an amusing concept. No such thing.
Ever wonder why people have no confidence in doctors, pharmaceuticals, and the health "industry"?
Why yes, I have wondered why nobody ever visits doctors or takes medications or consume massive amounts of medical advice!
Oh wait, what's not what I wonder, what I really wonder is why you are so completely crazy, Crazypants von Crazenstein of Crazyville, CR.
Next up: HAEV YOU WONDERED WHY PEOPLE DO NOT EAT FOOD, IT IS BECUSE THEY HAET FOOD IT IZ POISON
Following: AIR! AIR SUcKS AND EVRYONE KNOWS IT! BEEP BEEP DERP
It's because we have all experienced the "medical ARTS" in all their glory...NOT WORKING.
Truly, we need to return to the good old days before doctors and medicine, when men lived to a ripe old age of 45 and women regularly died in childbirth.
I'm sorry the drugs were not able to cure your crazy, I really am, but while there may be a consensus among the voices in your head that MEDICINE IZ BAD, that hardly applies to the six billion people who exist outside your head.
At least the above post is amusing, although completely childish.
You seem to miss the point - why not pursue all available avenues? Seriously, I'm asking. Pretend you've matured past the age of 12 and try to give me some sort of answer.
Aren't pharmaceuticals really just attempts to recreate through chemicals what can be found to occur through natural products? What if the right combination can be found, through diet or other avenues? Wouldn't it be preferable to the hit and miss chemical adjustments we try to make with pills? Our bodies are wonders, capable of all kinds of "miracles". Many of which scientists absolutely do not understand, true? Or do we have a grasp on every intricacy of every system in the human body?
c'mon now. I guess if you prefer to close your eyes to the possibilities out there, you get what you deserve.
As I stated before, if you have any evidence, we will be interested. There are just too many idiots out there pushing the latest greatest "all natural" cure for all that ails us.
You seem to be making a common mistake, called a false dichotomy, by distinguishing between "natural products" and "chemical adjustments". Just because something is "chemical" does not make it not "natural". Just because something is natural does not make it good. Cyanide is a naturally-occurring chemical, you know.
Evidence is all. We aren't "closing our eyes" to anything. As soon as there is evidence, we will be interested. Until then... blah, blah, blah.
Is Gary Null some kind of fraud? I don't know, really. I suspect not. If some of his thoughts are cutting edge to the point of being hard to prove, that's one thing. It isn't enough to call him a fraud, however. I would caution those who judge who are independent thinkers on medical issues, especially when those who do the judging find nothing wrong with the many frauds and outright criminality that the pharmaceutical industry and main stream medicine are involved in right now. For them, truly, it is all about big money and special interets.
Riiiight... Big Pharma is out to steal your money, and Gary Freaking Null is "cutting edge".
Oh, dear. The crazy is out in force today.
Name one thing Gary Null has been right about.
Wow. Just... wow. One massive textblock dump of comments by several different commenters, completely unformatted and impossible to read, followed by a WATB whining about not being heard.
Yeah. That'll show us you're not crazy. Really.
I've said it before, and it bears repeating. If you have evidence, we would love to see it. Science thrives on new information that completely changes the current views... but ya gotta have evidence. Otherwise it's no more than monkeys howling and flinging poo.
If you have a point, please enlighten us. Otherwise...
LanceR,JSG, I do not know who you are, but I see you frequently on science blogs, and you are hilarious. What is truly great, is that when you write seriously, you have the facts and knowledge to back up what you say, yet you still have a great sense of humor and insolence!
Drop by my blog sometime, dissidents4dumbees.blogspot.com
OR better yet, drop by Clark Baker's exlibinhollywood blog and set him straight. He is an Ex~LAPD Cop who is often on Null's radio show. Baker also thinks he is a scientist and has "proved" that HIV meds are addictive and that the human body can go thru 4 months of debilitating withdrawl symptoms from HIV meds. Baker is quite the hoot!
No Adam you are in Denial, You are a crazy son of a bitch, just like Mr Null, I will never call that piece of garbage DR NEVER, You and your friends like Christine Maggiore, that aided in the death of her own child because of her own DENIAL, and the follow up from that Quack Mohammed Al-Bayati, was PURE bullshit, He is on the board for her band of DENIALISTS, That's why he gave that bullshit report, The REAL cause was let out of the bag, AIDS realated, sad but true, HIV is real, and so is AIDS. You and your CULT should be silenced forever, I really mean it, people like Duesberg, and Thabo Mbeki who caused the deaths of 300,000 extra people becuase of their DENIAL, you make me sick. Rot in hell. |
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Tracy Hastings ‘48, is 93 and still active, after a 32 year career in Latin America (Firestone 8, Johnson’s Wax 24) he has now been retired for 40 years and enjoying every minute of it. No Florida or California (nor big cities) for him - he retired to the cooler climate and four seasons of Maine. First in Jefferson as a semi back-to-the lander for 17 years, then 23 years in Penobscot Shores, a senior retirement community in Belfast. His three children (born in Panama and Venezuela) and three grandsons (as well as their families) are all fluent in Spanish; his two little great grandsons are in beginning English. He would love to hear from any T-Birds, especially from the old AIFT days. You may contact Tracy via email at: [email protected].
Jack Rokahr ’47, keeps very busy and active. Jack has been mentoring a teenage boy who wanted to ask Jack questions about WW II. They became friends and Jack has been mentoring and answering his questions for the past three years. This is something that he is very proud of and has kept well-documented records of all questions and the answers he gave. This friendship has been rewarding for both of them.
Chuck Palmeter ’49, has finally quit motor-homing, fishing and camping in Baja, but he and his wife are still up and around and relatively healthy. He’s been retired from AT&T for about as long as he worked for them, 30+ years. He have many great memories of Thunderbird and the subsequent years in Brazil!
Dr. Belmont Haydel '57 - As a student at the American Institute of Foreign Trade in 1957, I attended a class on Latin America taught by a famous economic historian, Dr. William Schurz. He had been commercial attaché to Brazil under the Hoover Administration and is known for his works on Latin American history, particularly Brazil. While seated in the audience of 60 or so students in the lecture hall, I heard Dr. Schurz calling my name and asking me to meet him at his office after class. I had never spoken to him individually, as in a class that size, his graduate assistants were in charge of student interaction and academic assessment. I had no idea how he knew of me. He said the following: “Take my class next semester on Brazil. Brazil needs you and you need Brazil.” I relied on his suggestions and followed his directions. His words were prophetic. Surprisingly, his counseling and foresight became a reality when President John F. Kennedy gave me a diplomatic appointment in 1963. Within four weeks after President Kennedy’s assassination on November 22, 1963, President Lyndon B. Johnson assigned me to Brazil, as a Foreign Service Officer (diplomat), leading me to Rio de Janeiro, on January 3, 1964. After intensive six weeks study of Portuguese language in the American Embassy building, I moved into my own office, a room on the 4th floor of the embassy which may have held the ghost of Dr. Schurz. I often felt his presence as I began my work as a young economist. The rest is history.
William Schollard, Jr. ’53 - After 90 years, Bill passed away peacefully on June 13, 2019, surrounded by his family. He had a successful international banking career, dealing extensively with the business and political leaders of Central and Latin America. He had seats on the Chambers of Commerce of several Latin American countries, and was the President and Director of the Puerto Rico American Chamber of Commerce.
William Talbott ‘57- William Talbott passed away February 10th peacefully in his home in Rancho Santa Fe, CA. William served in the US Coast Guard during the Korean War. After graduating from Thunderbird William joined Coronet Industries, Inc. and rose to Vice President of Marketing. He closed his last real estate deal in 2017. William traveled the world. He was very intelligent and had a very giving personality.
Narce Caliva ‘56- Narce has been retired since 1995. He has continued to volunteer for the American Red Cross and for the Korean War Veterans Association, where he is serving on the KWVA National Board of Directors. He and his wife were invited as guests of the Republic of Korea to attend the 70th Anniversary of the ROK Armed Forces in Seoul in October 2018. Among the many functions and events, they, along with other veterans and guests from nations which had sent troops to fight in the war, were highly honored at a luncheon at the Blue House hosted by President Moon and the First Lady. In April 2019, Narce will complete 60 years of Red Cross service and in September will be 90.
Robert Hornstein ‘57- Robert Bernard Hornstein died of complications from cancer at his home in Encinitas, CA under hospice care. He was 88. After college, Robert served in the U.S. Air Force and was consigned to Syracuse University where he intensely studied Russian. He served the balance of his military care in Tripoli, Libya. After discharge, he returned home, attended the Thunderbird School of Foreign Trade, and went to work for American Express in Genova, Italy and later in New York City. An inveterate traveler, he met Eve, his wife-to-be on an ocean cruise, came home, resigned his job, loaded his yellow Honda and headed west where the couple soon married. Taking advantage of his fluent command of Russian, Italian, French and other languages (his native Geechee), the couple operated “Global Adventures" where they booked and traveled the world with their clients. In retirement, he stayed busy volunteering as an interpreter at San Diego's airport where he used his linguistic talents at Traveler's Aid, singing in a barbershop chorus, and helping the disadvantaged during the summer at Tijuana, Mexico where the couple vacationed.
Normand Cabral ‘55 passed away on September 5, 2018 in Anaheim, California from complications with type 2 diabetes. He was a talented, charismatic unique individual unforgettable to anyone his life touched. After serving in the United States Army stationed in Germany during the Korean War, he completed additional studies in Foreign Trade and International Management at Thunderbird in Phoenix, Arizona, later he earned an MBA and Masters in Hospital Administration from the University of Florida. Normand had a long and productive management career. He was multilingual, well-traveled with many domestic and global assignments at The United Fruit Company in Honduras, Montgomery Ward in Albany, NY, and at Alexander Proud Foot Consulting, both early and later in his career.
Kenneth C. Cogdill ’58- Kenneth passed away peacefully on July 6, 2018. After graduating from the Thunderbird he joined The First National Bank of Boston. Ken then worked five years in Buenos Aires, Argentina then moved to Cambridge, MA, where he earned his MBA at Harvard Business School and became a member of the Harvard Club. He worked for Exxon then Amerada Hess Corp. as V.P. Corporate Planning and Control until retirement.
David W. Berkey ’57- David Warren Berkey passed away August 16, 2018. David volunteered to serve in the U.S. Army during the Korean War from Nov. 1951-Oct. 1953. He served in Heidelberg, Germany and Paris, France. Following his service, he returned to the University of Minnesota, graduating in 1955. Following graduation, David enrolled in the American Institute for Foreign Trade (Thunderbird) in graduating in 1957. He was hired by Goodyear International and was a manager in San Francisco working in rubber sales for seven years. He then went in to Real Estate in Walnut Creek and later Santa Cruz, a career that spanned over 25 years when he retired in 1989. Following his retirement, David attended the Multnomah University Bible College, graduating with a graduate certificate in the Bible in 1990. David was the past president of the Pleasant Hill Rotary Club, past president of Presbyterians United for Mission Advance (PUMA). He was a 10 year winner of the Human Race for Habitat for Humanity. He helped build the first three homes west of the Mississippi in Soquel, CA. in 1988. He also helped build churches in Honduras for the Presbyterian Church and homes for Habitat for Humanity in Guatemala.
Vernon C. Wiggins ‘50- Vernon Clyde Wiggins passed away on July 20, 2018 in Tucson, AZ. During World War II he served in the Navy in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Pacific theaters. He was a graduate of the University of Arizona and the Thunderbird School of International Management. He began his career as an accountant for Sperry Rand Corporation in Buffalo, NY before moving to Mexico City as the financial controller for Sperry's Mexico Operations. He relocated with his family to Phoenix in 1960 and continued to work for Sperry Rand until his retirement in 1988.
Charlene Duncan ’56, passed away on Tuesday April 24th at the age of 86. She had been ill for several months. After college, Charlene briefly lived and worked in San Francisco. Charlene moved to Pasadena where she lived for most of her life. Charlene raised four children and had a successful career as a nursing home administrator in Southern California for more than 20 years. In 2004, Charlene relocated to the San Francisco Bay Area to be closer to her family. Charlene loved going out to lunch or dinner with her family and spending time with her seven grandchildren. Charlene loved to travel and later in her life enjoyed cruises to Tahiti, Alaska, Hawaii and the Caribbean. Charlene was a resident of the Rossmoor retirement community and took great pleasure in participating in excursions to the symphony, theater, and trips to Monterey and Carmel.
John Andrew Devine ’54, of Naples, FL, passed away on Sunday, Jan. 28, 2018. He worked for over 40 years in international banking at the First National Bank of Boston, spending most of his career as head manager in Brazil and in France, and as head of global private banking in Boston. He received the highest civilian medal, the Order of Rio Branco, in recognition for his indefatigable work for fostering better relations between Brazil and the US.
William Morgan ’58, after more than fifty years of living and working in about 11 countries, at 85 I have settled down in the old cow-town of Collinsville, OK. Population 7,000 or so. At 85, with my 46 year-0ld wife, 16 year old son and 14 year old daughter. Both created in the time-honored fashion with their mother. An artifact of 10 years working with Airbus Industry and Vietnam Airlines, in Vietnam. When we emigrated to America in 2007 I had not lived in the US in thirty years. My 15 years in the Middle East was punctuated by some months spent as a prisoner of the جهاز المخابرات العامة (Mukhabarat). Eventually thinking I would die there. But obviously did not, eventually escaping. Spent 6 years in Saudi Arabia, five in Bahrain. Spent time in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Egypt, India, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey and amazingly, in Peshawar, Pakistan, up in the Northwest Frontier Province. After Bahrain I spent a year in Spain, then three years in England. Including a year in “God’s Country”, up in Norfolk. Then going to Vietnam for 10 years on a tripartite contract between myself, Airbus Industry and Vietnam Airlines, advising the latter on the operation and maintenance of their A320 aircraft. Earlier I had spent 15 years in Europe. Chronology is fractured because I started with a different intent, didn’t intend mentioning Middle East problems, and don’t want to re-write it. I keep active thinking and writing, having published 6 books and the occasional article.
Richard K. "Dick" Pooler ’55, passed away January 8, 2018 after a courageous battle with metastatic melanoma. After graduation from Thunderbird he embarked on a career in the oil industry working for Chevron, Tidewater, Phillips Petroleum and eventually operated the petroleum distributorships, San Francisco Petroleum Company and International Marine Fuels. He and his wife Jacqueline settled in the Bay area to raise their family of six children.
Clifford E. Harkness Jr. ’58, passed away peacefully on October 30th of complications from senile dementia. He served the US Navy for four years and was honorably discharged in 1954 as LTJG Clifford worked for Manufacturers Hanover Trust International, living and working in Southeast Asia for 15 years, eventually settling in Cobble Hill, Brooklyn, NY.
Philip VanOsdol ’58, passed away December 30, 2017 in Elmira, New York.
Linwood L. Reed ’59, passed away on Wednesday, December 13, 2017 at I.U. Health Ball Memorial Hospital. After graduating from Thunderbird his interesting career began working for Cummins Manufacturing. He lived in Japan, India, Sweden and England. He retired from Borg Warner.
Walter Irving Bates II ’59, died peacefully in his sleep on October 14, 2017 in Wilmington, North Carolina. During the Korean War, he served in the Army and was stationed in Germany. After graduating from Thunderbird he began a career in marketing for international corporations and later created and pioneered several businesses.
David Walter Francis Lloyd ‘59, died on January 3, 2018, in Asheville of kidney failure. His career in international marketing of pharmaceuticals and medical equipment began in Trinidad, WI with American Cyanamid and ended 35 years and over 100 countries later as VP of International at Reveco in Asheville (which he proclaimed to be the best place in the world to live.)
Aldon Pierce Jr. ’59, passed away January 16, 2018. In 1973 Al founded Coronado Finance, Inc., in Las Cruces, NM, which is still run by his family today.
Harry Turner ’51, had a stroke and broke the femur bone in his leg but he is working it out and celebrated his 92nd birthday on August 31.
Donald Carley ’55, is living in Sun Valley, ID at age 90. He has occasional correspondence with Howard Crooks ’55 who is 93.
Dan (aka Horst) Daniels ’56, I am fully retired after two previous attempts. Just celebrated my 86th birthday living on Hilton Head SC at a high-end retirement community where I often get the feeling I am on a cruise ship. I have started to write my life story as seen through the rear mirror of history and the recall of many enjoyable and memorable happenings and events. Once I get it all put together I will share it with some of my AIFT contemporaries. Hasta la próxima vez!
William Rodgers ’56, after graduation William took a job with EBASCO, an electric utility holding company in New York. Next, he was posted to Chile for three years, then moved with his family to New Mexico where he ranched but missed his overseas life. He joined the Peace Corps and went to Bogota, Colombia as the Deputy Mission Director, at that time the largest PCV mission. After two years, he joined the State Department and was posted to Lima, Peru where he managed the Agricultural development office in USAID. Then came Brazil with six years at USAID in charge of the Agricultural program. He had two additional assignments in Ecuador and Guatemala.
Narce Caliva ’56, continues to spend a significant amount of time volunteering, mainly with the Korean War Veterans Association. As a member of the Board of Directors, he attended a recent Wreath Laying at the Korean War Memorial in Washington, DC, where he met the new ROK President, Moon, Jae-in. President Moon's parents were among those rescued by the U.S. military during the Chosin Reservoir retreat. Narce, an American Red Cross retiree, continues to volunteer with that organization. He and his wife, Leslie, now have a total of 104 years of Red Cross service.
Stanley Ely ’57, has lived in New York City since graduation. He retired after time in advertising and teaching, has written seven books, the latest published in April. The title is "Thinking It Through: Reflections Past Eighty." It contains some 40 short essays and a similar number of personal photos.
Jerome Firsty ’57, it is only 60 years since I graduated in 1957. During the year, 1956-57, Donald Klein and I were roommates. We lived in the quad, and every Saturday morning, we would give our living quarters a real G.I. cleaning. A large percentage of my class were veterans of military service. I was lucky, because I served in Puerto Rico in 1955 -56 working with the 123rd C.I.D. ln 1958. I worked for a cosmetic firm called Hazel Bishop. After a short training period, I returned to Puerto Rico and worked as there local representative, in the Caribbean. Then I got real lucky. Hazel Bishop merged with another firm and I was fired. I went into the representation business and incorporated, as Firbeck Inc. We have been in the representation business since 1961. Ruth, my wife since 1959, has been a great help and a wonderful· partner. We have two children and six grandchildren.
Richard Jackson ’57, remains physically active and is trying to keep the parts together.
George Blake ’59, after graduating from Thunderbird, I chose the first job that would take us to Mexico. We spent 25 years there and loved it, never tiring of Mexico’s people, sights, food and climate. We raised our two girls there and one of them lives in the colonial town of San Miguel de Allende with her family. Since retiring over 30 years ago, we have travelled the world, but also revisited Mexico every year. I spent retirement sculpting, hiking, biking and traveling. We now live in a retirement community where I teach courses on robotics and artificial intelligence, and Bev line dances. Both of us will be turning 90 at the end of this year.
Dan Schell ’59, in 1962 I took a job with Ames Irrigation International in Milpitas, CA. My boss was Wally Petersen ’60. Ames Irrigation sold to another company so Wally and I went separately on to other things. Wally passed away 5 yrs. ago in Nigeria. We were still active in several projects together including with Bill Johnson ’60. When I first started in the irrigation biz we had a huge project in Baja California Sur. That area was still a Mexican territory, not yet the state of Baja California Sur. I had the responsibility of installing the systems. The new Mexican president was to be installed by that December; the entire project had to be paid for before the new government came in. Fifteen years later, I returned to Villa Constitucion, now called Ciudad Constitucion to manage two operations owned by Crisoforo Salido Almada, the man Wally and I had talked into starting these companies. He had retired and gone into raising fighting bulls just south of Cd. Constitucion building a fighting ring there. Each year he had a tienta (tryout) to select the proper yearling cows and bulls for bullfights. He brought a retired bullfighter, El Calicero, a legend in Mexican bullfighting, to make the proper selections. The bulls would enter the ring to be introduced to the picador (on horseback), and the cows would be given the opportunity to be enticed by a selection of would-be toreros. In the process they finally said, ‘It's your turn, Dan.’ I tried to back out, but with all the jeering I saw that I would have to fight a yearling. After a few shots of brandy, I entered the ring to do my best. I found that as the animal passed, the bandera would have to be drawn straight back. I drew the bandera part way back and drew it behind me. The yearling followed the bandera and started butting me across the ring. I was rescued by several others. They said, ‘You've, created a new pass, The Nalgina!’ (The Butt Pass). So ended my bullfighting career.
Marc Mosko '61 - was recruited on campus in 1960 by JD Marshall Int’l as a traveling machinery salesman in Central America. After a year’s experience sent to Caracas, Venezuela to re-open the market after the fall of dictator, Perez-Jimenez. All went well but Marc's entrepreneurial Spirit set in and he opened his own company. Sales skyrocketed and his work called attention to the management of Mattel Toymakers Inc. Mattel (Barbie and more) became his major money maker and taught him TV advertising and marketing. In 1967 Mattel liked his work and offered cash and stock for his Venezuelan company plus a European Marketing Director’s position. Hard to turn down. A year doing Marketing out of Geneva, Switzerland and then promoted to CEO Mattel SPA – Italy to manage two newly acquired manufacturing companies with 400 employees. Marc enjoyed the work but not the corporate politics so he resigned after 3 years and went to Rome to buy a 50% partnership in a chain of Italian toy stores. Partner, Guido, and him prospered, but he was getting home sick. In 1976 they decided to create a U.S. company for imports of Italian hobby products. It all led to a focus on wood hobby kits and eventually to the acquisition of Model Shipways, an American manufacturer of ship model kits. Their company, Model Shipways Inc. dba Model Expo is now the leading manufacturer and importer in its sector of the hobby industry. They are based in Miami, Florida and enjoying their 45th year in business. Thank you, Thunderbird!
Melville Brown '69 - passed away in 2021. Mel had a very full and important career in International Finance thanks in no small part to his Thunderbird education. He gives credit to the school with providing him with the foundations for his work.
Robert “Bo” Kearns ‘69, Bo is a journalist and writer of fiction. His novel Ashes in a Coconut received the 2020 Finalist Eric Hoffer Book Award. The suspense story is set in Indonesia where he lived for three years. Several of his short stories have won awards and been published. He’s a feature writer with the Sonoma Index-Tribune newspaper and NorthBay biz magazine. He's a beekeeper, avid hiker and active supporter of environmental causes. Bo resides in Northern California with his wife and rescue dog Jake.
William Guyon ’65 - Bill passed away on June 11, 2019 due to complications from Atheroembolic Disease. After graduating from Thunderbird, Bill worked at Miller Electric in International Sales, and had the opportunity to travel to sixty-seven countries. When Bill left Miller, he and his wife Ann opened Guyon's Rib House in Little Chute, WI and operated it for several years. He then worked as a lobbyist in Madison, representing the Small Business Administration, and finished his career at Valley Packaging. There he developed a wonderful rapport with the staff and clients. For a time, he drove the team bus and coached a Special Olympics basketball team. Everyone at Valley Packaging loved Bill. He will also be remembered as a lifelong Green Bay Packer fan and for his good sense of humor.
Stevan Yovanovich Jr. ’64 - Steve passed away at his home on June 1st surrounded by his family, after a courageous battle with pancreatic cancer. After graduating High School he enlisted in the US Marine Corps. He was honorably discharged with the rank of Corporal in 1956. Steve was very proud of his military service and always told his family and friends, "Once a Marine, always a Marine" and "There is no such thing as an ex-Marine!" After retiring from the Summit County Board of Elections as an Elections Supervisor in 2003, Steve didn't stay "retired" for long - he worked as a Bagger at Acme Fresh Market in Montrose for several years. Steve loved military and world history and had an amazing ability to tell people the year a car was built simply by sight. He also enjoyed traveling and helping a friend or family member in need, no matter what time or how long the help took. Steve's greatest joys were his rock-solid Orthodox faith and his family - his favorite sound was his grandchildren calling him "Dedo," which is Serbian for Grandpa.
Tom Aageson ’63 - Tom is co-founder of Creative Startups, a leading accelerator for entrepreneurs in the Creative Economy and is located in 4 locations around the world. Tom recently published a book Creative Economy Entrepreneurs: From Startup to Success: How Startups in the Creative Industries are Transforming the Global Economy. He is also the co-founder of the Santa Fe International Folk-Art Market, the largest folk art market in the world. Tom was VP of Marketing and Merchandising at Mystic Seaport, where he created the Mystic Maritime Art Gallery along with other startups. Tom led artisan entrepreneurs from 20 countries into international markets as Director of Aid to Artisans.
Stephen Hall ’69- Stephen passed away February 2nd surrounded by his family at his home in Florida.
Richard Hale ‘61- Richard passed away January 27, 2019 at the age of 90 in his home in Bullhead City, Arizona. Richard was proud to be a WWII Veteran. He worked as a surveyor in Alaska for the army. After graduating from Thunderbird, he had a successful career working as Manager of the Far East region for Union Carbide Agricultural Chemicals and was subsequently promoted to Regional Manager of the agricultural chemical divisions overseas for Rohm and Haas (currently Dow/Dupont Chemical Company). During his time in Korea, he was elected President of the Korean American Organic Chemicals Industries Joint Venture with Rohm and Haas. He was fluent in Chinese and spoke other languages including Spanish, Portuguese, German, French, and Japanese. He studied calligraphy with well-known master Professor Oh, under the Chinese Calligraphy Association while in Korea. In retirement, Richard started Oriental Arts Inc., a private business specializing in framing and Chinese art restoration. He also consulted for Cherne Industries and managed a Quality Inn in Lancaster, California before relocating to Arizona in 1990. During his lifetime, Richard traveled extensively all over the world. He will be remembered as an adventurer, explorer, and lover of life and of people.
Richard Ragsdale‘67- “After graduating from the Thunderbird I worked at Chase Manhattan Bank in NYC for five years. In 1973 I moved to Nashville, TN to accept the job of VP and Treasurer of Hospital Affiliates International, Inc.(HAI). In 1981 I was promoted to VP, Treasurer and CFO of INA Health Care Group, Dallas, TX, HAI's parent company. In 1982 I co-founded Republic Health Corporation, Dallas, TX; where in 1983 and 1984 I raised over $400 million in the public capital markets, more than any other health services company during that time. In 1980 I co-founded GreatNorthern Health Management, Ltd., A British private hospital company, which we sold to a French conglomerate in October 1989. In 1996 I co-founded and severed as Chairman of Community Health Systems, Inc. (CHS), a rural hospital company which we took public. I left CHS in 1998 after the Company was acquired by Forstmann Little in a $1.1 billion leveraged-buy-out (LBO). I was Chairman of HealthMont, Inc. for three years; was a Director of Vanderbilt University Technology Company from 2001 to 2003; served on the Legislative Commission of the Federation of American Hospitals from 1984 to 1995; was a Trustee and Chairman of Benton Hall School; and was Trustee and Chairman of Maryville College from 1993 to 2005. I coached in the Spring Valley Athletic Association, Dallas in the mid-80s; served as Chairman of the Hospital Authority of Metro Nashville and Davidson County from 1999 to 2008; and Chaired the Nashville Zoo board from 2000 to 2012. A serial entrepreneur, I have co-founded ten health services companies, serving as a Director and, for some, Chairman of the Board. For those companies, I helped match management with business ideas, helped raise venture capital to fund the enterprises, and provided advice and counsel when needed. In addition to the Thunderbird Distinguished Alumni Award for Entrepreneurship in 1990 and the Jonas Mayer Distinguished Alumni Award in 1993; I was awarded the Maryville College Medallion (It's highest honor) in 1999; the 2011 Sage Award from The Council On Aging Of Middle Tennessee; was inducted into the Benton Hall School Hall of Fame in 2010; and was recognized by 100 Black Men of Middle Tennessee in 2001. I have been included in more than thirty Who's Who publications, including the Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award for 2017-2018. In 2019 I was named Top Healthcare Executive Of The Year and recognized for Lifetime Achievement by the International Association Of Top Professionals (IAOTP), NYC. Though I am retired, I remain active in personal and community projects and pursue private adventures, such as a recent tandem skydive with my grandson (3,500 feet, 285 mph!). I have three children and two grandchildren. After my wife of 41 years passed away in 2008, I married Ping Xu Ragsdale. We live happily together in Nashville, TN."
John Lovelace ‘60- John passed away December 31, 2018. John had successful international career as a business executive and entrepreneur. He began his career with the Cummins Engine Company, which sent him to develop and oversee various operations abroad and he directed construction of a major plant in Darlington, England, and later served as Cummins' general manager for Europe and North Africa. After returning to the US, he ventured into investment banking, first as vice president of Laird, Inc. and was the co-founder and general partner of Dryden & Company. He was co-owner and board chairman of Casting Supply House, Inc. and founder and president of Ramshorn Properties LLC, a real-estate investment firm, owning and managing multi-family rental properties in New Hampshire.
Stephen Hotchkiss ‘61 After 40 years in finance, I have sort of concluded 16 years of college teaching as Assoc. Prof of International business. Actually, I taught economics, finance, and (no oxymoron) business ethics. Life is good, volunteering and having a loving wife, children and grandchildren The best is returning to Ecuador as guest of an internationally famous artist, Voroshilov Bazante, and sharing time with colleagues from 30 years ago.
Avery McCarthy ‘61- passed August 25, 2018 at the age of 84. Memories will be cherished by his wife, Dot; four children; six grands; 10 great-grands; and many friends.
Rodolfo (Rudy) De La Garza ‘65- passed away at the age of 75 in New York City on August 5, 2018, after a series of strokes. After graduating from Thunderbird, Rudy was posted to South America for several years with USAID (United States Agency for International Development). He was a professor at the University of Texas, El Paso, and then for a longer time at the University of Texas, Austin, before joining the faculty of Columbia University in New York City in 2001. While at Columbia Rudy became the Eaton Professor of Administrative Law and Municipal Science, as well as Professor of International and Public Affairs. He was also vice president of research for the Tomás Rivera Policy Institute, a Los Angeles think tank for Latino issues. In 1990 the University of Arizona honored him with a "Distinguished Citizen Award," and in October 2004, the magazine, Hispanic Business, named Rudy as one of this country's 100 most influential Latinos. Rudy was an author, co-author, editor or co-editor of dozens of books. He was an outstanding person in so many ways, and shall be missed by those who knew him.
Stephen Jeffery ‘66- Stephen (retired CEO Wadia Digital, VP Harman International) achieved his 80th birthday goal by completing the newly extended 192-mile hike on the Sierra Nevada’s Tahoe Rim Trail. The eldest admitted into the program’s adventure, he hiked the challenging 24,000 ft elevation gains over eleven summer days!
Kent Swisher ‘67- Following graduation, worked on Wall Street; moved on to Europe working with a financial management company; Went to work with a Real Estate Development Company in the San Francisco Bay area; moved to Sun Valley Idaho for a few years; back to my hometown in Newport Beach; and for the last 28 years living in the Sonoma County Wine Country and raising a son and daughter both of whom are married and we now have 2 grandchildren. I always think fondly of my Thunderbird experience and education. It opened so many doors that I walked through!
Stephen E. Jordan ’68 is retired from international banking and living in Elmhurst, a Chicago suburb. His novel, Tatiana and the Russian Wolves, was released this past October. The story focuses on Alexander Romanovsky, an international banker, and his psychological journey as he untangles his mother’s shadowy past while his own life unravels as a result of blackmail and internal bank intrigues. The novel is available at Barnes & Noble, Amazon, discerning bookstores, and through the online shop of my author website at stephenevansjordan.com.
William C. Dennis ’68- William C. Dennis Jr. passed away (74) at his home in Ocala, FL on July 28, 2018. Bill received his undergraduate degree from Texas Tech University then moved to Arizona where he graduated from Thunderbird. His passion to explore the world led him to travel the globe and live in El Salvador, Brazil, and Argentina to name just a few. He was previously the CEO of Latin America Operations for Laureate Education. He has a Cattle Ranch in the Ocala area and also grows olives and produces olive oil.
Craig Gladen ‘65- Craig Anthony Gladen, 76, passed away Saturday, July 7th in Sacramento. Craig graduated from Stanford University, where he studied German language and literature, and the Thunderbird School in Glendale, Arizona. Craig was known for his sense of humor and huge laugh as well as his keen mind, passion and tenacity. He worked as a bank officer for many years in Europe and the United States, but later became a founding owner of the rice processing and storage company Great Western Growers.
Stephen G. Heiner ‘62-Stephen Gregory Heiner, beloved husband, father, brother, grandfather, passed to eternity at 79 on July 11, 2018. He enjoyed a successful career in the oil industry, which took him to the Middle East then SE Asia, where he met his wife, Margaret, in Singapore. After 19 years abroad, he brought his family back to California where he worked at Disneyland for 15 years greeting many with his trademark friendliness.
Roland Corriveau ’69 passed way May 27, 2018 at the age of 75 passed after a battle with Alzheimer's disease. Roland graduated from University of Arizona, and then completed his Master's degree in International Business from Thunderbird School of Global Management. After a few years working in Brussels, Belgium, he returned to Tempe, AZ where he enjoyed building lasting relationships with his clients at Valley National Bank. He was promoted to Executive Vice President, and relocated the family to Cottonwood Heights, UT in 1988. In 2008 he retired in St. George, UT. He will be remembered by his family and friends as a jokester, a wise counselor, a kind soul, a man of faith, a husband extraordinaire, and a dad for all seasons.
Stephen Barber ‘65 passed away May 11, 2018. Stephen was a retired Lieutenant Commander for the U.S. Navy. His assignments, both at sea and ashore, took him from coast to coast in the U. S. and many bases in Asia, including Japan, the Philippines, Vietnam and Guam. His most rewarding Navy experience, which he never ceased talking about, was his tour on the USS DeHaven (DD-727), a destroyer homeported in Yokosuka, Japan. Upon retirement from the Navy in 1982, Steve spent the next twenty-years in the cruise ship business with American Hawaii Cruises and World Explorer Cruises. He enjoyed immensely his experiences in the area of reservations, sales and marketing and the fact that he had spent his entire working life in the maritime arena. Steve fully retired as the Director of Sales at the end of 2003 from World Explorer Cruises. Steve was very active in the affairs of the Military Officers Association of America (MOAA) (formerly The Retired Officers Association) and was president of the San Francisco Chapter from 2006 through 2008, and then as the Area Director for the San Francisco and Monterey Bay areas.
Thomas A. Brindley ’62, passed away peacefully on Saturday, April 28, 2018, in his home in Huntsville. Before becoming a professor of education at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, he received many degrees. Tom was a veteran of the U.S. Army, having been posted in Germany during the Korean War. From 1962-1965 he worked in Vientiane, Laos, participating in a program sponsored by the Binational Center (an offshoot of the US Information Agency). Serving as Director of Courses at a grade school in Laos, he met Mengqi Qian (now Monica Chien Brindley), his future, beloved wife. He taught at the University of Arizona from 1968 – 1973 before joining the faculty in the Department of Education at UAH, where he taught for 26 years, till 1999. Tom was the founder and past president of the North Alabama Birdwatchers Society and a member of the Audubon Society, the Nature Conservancy. He was a resident of Madison County for 45 years.
Roger Mathew Huhnke ‘63, of Wichita, KS, lost his long battle against Alzheimer's Disease on April 25, 2018. Roger attended the California Maritime Academy, graduating in 1957 as a third mate. He sailed for American President Lines, circling the globe three times on their around-the-world service. When his "number came up," Roger left the merchant marine and sailed the South Pacific with the Navy. Eventually he came ashore, attending Thunderbird School of Global Management in Phoenix, AZ. He not only graduated from the international business program, but met and married Imelda Murphy, an elementary school teacher. Roger's adventuresome spirit was evident in his shore-side career as a shipping manager. He took his family along for the adventure, working in places as varied as Buenos Aires, New York City, and Wichita. He finished his career with 22 years at Koch Industries.
Don Kilgore ’69, I was hired by First National City Bank upon graduation. Joined American Express Military Banking Division one year later. Sent to Vietnam during the war and became branch manager in Chu Lai, 23rd Infantry Division HQ. Transferred to Frankfurt and London for brief assignments. After 3 1/2 years in banking moved to the textile industry where I spent 34 wonderful years, mostly in the International Marketing field. In retirement my wife of 47 years and I spend 6 months in NYC, 5 months on the Oregon Coast and a month in St. Maarten. Life is very good!
David Wilson ’60, passed assay February 5th in Phoenix, AZ., where he had lived in retirement for the past three years to be close to his daughter, Kimberly and her family. David was 83 years old and the cause of death was cancer.
James Davis ’62, passed away in the late fall of 2017. He was recovering from a major operation without any problems when a massive infection occurred while he was in a rehabilitation facility. Jim’s business career was interesting and took place in the healthcare industry. Jim worked for Abbott Laboratories, Will Ross/G.D. Searle, and Pilling Weck before starting a partnership, AcuLux, which produces and sells hospital products. He and his family had lived in London, Paris, Rome, Guatemala City, as well as many US cities. Jim had not only good business sense but also an ability with languages and spoke French and Spanish well.
William Strong ’67, passed away unexpectedly on December 14, 2017 at Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC. William attended ROTC in college and served in the U.S. Army in Korea in l964-65. He had a deep love of country and life-long respect for the U.S. military. In his professional life William worked in Los Angeles, California for Lockheed International and was Vice President of the International Division of Teledyne, Inc. for 19 years. He and Linda moved to Charlotte in 1989 where William directed international marketing for Teledyne Allvac, located in Monroe, NC for several years. After his retirement from Teledyne, he became a consultant at Ketema Inc. and nally, McCrometer in International Management for several years. He traveled the world for business, especially in South America and Southeast Asia. Mr. Strong retired from McCrometer in 2010 and spent some time with SCORE as a volunteer mentoring small business owners. He loved playing weekly rounds of golf and enjoyed lunch gatherings with his friends. He leaves behind his wife Linda and 2 daughters.
Alan Herro ’60, of Phoenix, AZ, passed away peacefully on Good Friday, April 14, 2017, after suffering a heart attack.
Andy Chryssolor ’66, after graduation in February 1966, and marrying another T-Bird, Clair Brady, we moved to Chicago where I started working for Baxter Laboratories International in Morton Grove, Illinois. Two years later, I joined a small ophthalmic pharmaceutical company in Santa Ana, California, Allergan Pharmaceuticals, as an International Area Manager. I travelled the world looking for distributors for our line of products when a few years later in 1972 I was asked to move to the UK to open up the European market and set up Allergan’s European headquarters. In 1974 I was relocated to my native city, Montreal, to be President of Allergan Canada. At the beginning of 1976 I joined Bausch & Lomb as President of B&L France and Managing Director of the Soflens Division of B&L for the United Kingdom and Ireland, based again in the UK. An opportunity arose in 1980 to purchase the majority of shares in an international company manufacturing contact lenses, artificial eyes, optical instruments and machinery to manufacture contact lenses. My intention was to retire in 2000 which I did, took up golf and quickly got bored. Up to the beginning of August 2017 I was a Board Director for a number of companies based in Europe but because Clair and I had no Family in the UK and our son and daughter both married with grandchildren living in the USA, we decided to move back and spend more time with our family 2 years ago. We are currently living in Boerne, Texas, near San Antonio close to my daughter and her son and daughter, aged 11 and 5. My son and his family live in Denver with our 2 granddaughters, aged 12 and 10. Last September I founded a company, iAdvisors L.L.C. to help companies in the Eye Care industry to develop and grow. It is also an opportunity for me to keep in contact with the very many friends and colleagues world wide that I have met over the years in an industry in which I thoroughly enjoyed.
Both Clair and I are very grateful for Thunderbird for the opportunity of a successful business career but also importantly, where we met. Now married for almost 52 years with our children and 4 grandchildren nearby we are indeed blessed.
William Strong ’67, passed away on December 14, 2017. His death was very unexpected and shocking. He left for his workout that day, took a fall, hit his head and never recovered. William worked in Los Angeles, California for Lockheed International and was Vice President of the International Division of Teledyne, Inc. for 19 years. He and Linda moved to Charlotte in 1989 where William directed international marketing for Teledyne Allvac, located in Monroe, NC for several years. After his retirement from Teledyne, he became a consultant at Ketema Inc. and finally, McCrometer in International Management for several years. He traveled the world for business, especially in South America and Southeast Asia.
David L. Boston ’68, passed away in Argyle, TX. He leaves behind his wife of almost 50 years, a daughter and three grandchildren.
George Flynn Fletcher ‘68 passed away December 19, 2017. George enjoyed telling stories about his post-graduate studies at Thunderbird and reminiscing on his years living abroad in Italy. His professional career included working for corporations in Marketing, owning Jones-Roberts Shoe Stores in Lubbock and surrounding areas, Insurance and a proud stint at Texas Tech on the Horizon Campaign. He had a deep appreciation for music and the arts, and performed many years in The Lubbock Chorale. George was a prolific reader and his favorite authors included Ernest Hemingway, Robert Ludlum, Octavio Paz, and James Michener. He described himself as having, "a cosmopolitan outlook with strong values".
George loved traveling, especially to Mexico. By air, train, and bus he took his young family on summer Mexico adventures. Wearing his guayaberas, smoking cigars and buying lottery tickets at the zocalos were amongst his favorite pastimes there. George was known to stay up late playing Gin Rummy with his family while vacationing in Cuernavaca, Mexico.
Tim Wilbur ’60, is retired and lives in Oceanside, CA & Camano Island, WA.
Steve Cole ’61, I have worked in the healthcare industry for most of the time since I graduated. I worked for Abbott Laboratories, G.D. Searle, and A.H. Robins before I took early retirement and started my own consulting business, Cole & Associates. I lived in Japan with my family almost nine years working for Abbott and Searle and enjoyed my time there. My spoken Japanese is good and, as part of my consulting business, I still travel to Japan at least four times a year. I was responsible for Asia, Canada, and some joint ventures at Searle and then for worldwide international operations at Robins. I have been very lucky over the years inasmuch as my bosses have not only been good people but competent. I have sent small contributions to Thunderbird for many years and appreciate the education it gave me that has certainly helped my career. I have been married to the same woman for more than 50 years and we have two grown children but, sadly, only one granddaughter.
Robert Drynan ’64, I have lived in Mexico for past 13 years. I have written four novels, and I’m working on a fifth, plus two short story collections.
Diego J. Veitia ’66, a few years ago, I stepped down as Chairman of the Company I founded INTL FCStone (INTL Nasdag). Since then I formed a family company that invests in Biotechnology's breakthrough drugs. I still commute from Winter Park Florida and Telluride Colorado with my wife Marsha. I also spent a few years as Chairman of the Hamilton Hold School of Rollins College In Winter Park, FL.
Joe Burke ’66, is retired in Madrid, but also spending quite a bit of time in Ecuador, his wife’s home country, and doing a lot of travel. This year they visited Chile, Argentina, England, Scotland, Cuba, U.S., and Costa Rica. They plan to slow down a bit and concentrate on in-Spain trips, starting with a September gourmet trip in Galicia… Joe exchanges frequent emails with fellow T-bird Tom Coler ’67 of Sarasota.
Steve Swenerton ’66, worked for Cargill in Minneapolis and Buffalo after Thunderbird graduation. He was an officer in Coast Guard in Detroit and VA for 3 ½ years. He was with Thermador, an appliance manufacturer, for 12 years in: San Diego, South Bend, Ann Arbor, and Orange, CA. He then moved to Toro, managing sales and marketing in Orange, followed by 17 years in WI managing sales and marketing for Broan-NuTone. For seven years, he built distribution for Broan in South America, Australia, SE Asia, and China, making 80 international trips between 2010 and 2016. Retired now in Boulder, CO he teaches history, volunteers for University of Colorado Boulder in various activities. He spends as much time as possible hiking and biking in this beautiful area, as well as traveling the globe.
Bill Brogdon ’66, I was recruited at Thunderbird by Bucyrus Erie and have been in the mining and heavy construction business ever since. I traveled in sales throughout South America, Europe and Africa. Later, I formed dealerships in Alabama and Florida and still have a small company in Mobile, AL. Semi-retired now I enjoy being with my wife Carol, our children, and little grandchildren who all live nearby.
Dean Ross ’67, my wife and I moved to our permanent home in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico where I can swim and play tennis every day to my heart's desire. My two grown daughters are living in Los Angeles and San Francisco and my 20-year-old is studying in Switzerland. My memories of Thunderbird are always inspiring and memorable.
David Carpita ’67, has retired from his second career, a cooking school and private country inn in St Remy-de-Provence with his wife, Nitokrees. They continue to live at the Mas de Cornud and spend their winter months in the Red Sea resort town of Hurghada, Egypt.
John E. O’Brien ’68, and his wife, Anne, who worked in the registrar’s office while he was at T-bird, are retired and have just moved from Lyons, CO to San Marcos, TX. They are building a house at Kissing Tree, a 55+ golf community. John worked the first 20 years after Thunderbird for Eastman Kodak.
Stephen Nadler ’68, we just returned from a trip to Iceland, Paris, and Corsica. I am semi-retired – I own and manage commercial properties acquired during my business career. In 1972, I was offered a transfer to Liberia as an internal auditor for Firestone after submitting my resignation. I turned them down and became a partner in a CPA firm in Denver, CO responsible for management consulting and business advisory services. The firm dissolved in 1987 and I purchased an automotive paint distributorship, which I sold in 1999 when I went into semi-retirement. One of my interests is as a postal historian and stamp collector (philatelist).
Wayne Battenfield ’68, I have been to 65 countries and still counting. I moved back to Arizona with my wife, Julie, after being gone for 44 years. I have four great grandkids ages 8 - 19. I was elected to the Yuma Athletic Hall of Fame in 2013.
Meg Goetz de Gaona ’69, I just celebrated my 36th anniversary with the Santa Barbara Neighborhood Clinics and 37 years as a Nurse Practitioner. I started working halftime three years ago but still have my practice, plus I see patients at Santa Barbara City College twice a week. I’ve been married to same wonderful man for 37 years! Our two daughters are healthy and happy. I enjoy hosting international students, which we've done for over 20 years. It’s been a good life, business and medicine blended perfectly.
Richard Koehler ’69, finally located in one place after a mixed international career of business, consulting and adjunct teaching. Started in New York with an international engineering company, next to Venezuela, then marketing assignments over much of Central/South America. Subsequent postings in Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia, with marketing responsibilities in SE/Asia - Australia/New Zealand. European residency, Norway, Spain, were mixed over the relocation chain and finally options to try and remember my Thunderbird German language and European area studies (needs work). As with so many T-birds, I have also enjoyed a rewarding adjunct career in university teaching, seemingly a Thunderbird talent we were trained for and did not realize. In retrospect, maybe lecturing should be offered as an elective course in the current T-bird curriculum. Among academic positions in the U.S., Finland, Mexico, and Sweden, I had the great opportunity to teach two summers in the Thunderbird Guadalajara Summer Program (before its untimely demise). In Sweden, I held teaching and Program Director responsibilities for a master’s business program, developing an MSc degree in international management (MIM), plus teaching and core development of a MSc degree program in Wind Power Project Management. My wife Inga-Märit has been with me over the entire Thunderbird travel-log, 50+ years, including her Glendale Campus tour of duty. We are now settled on the Swedish island Gotland in the Baltic Sea, her home originally, and invest our time and energy in projects of island stainability.
Chuck Hazen ’69 & ’72, when the first of my two Thunderbird degrees was conferred in 1969, that era was the beginning of a golden age for international/global career aspirants. In those early days, American business was just awakening to profit-expanding opportunities cross-border. When I received my second Thunderbird degree in 1972 that awakening was gaining momentum. Adding to the advantages enjoyed by us international types, most U. S. business, or nonprofit, or public sector employees who had offshore opportunities found them unattractive compared with domestic assignments, believing that an international career meant meant diminished opportunity for promotions. They were proved wrong. Those who opted for international assignments found less competition for choice postings and advancement owing to corporate prejudice in favor of domestic careers. The globalists often enjoyed greater responsibility, authority, and compensation relative to experience than did domestic counterparts. Those who took the risk internationally were rewarded with a richness of professional and cultural experiences, in addition to excellent promotion prospects, that would have been unattainable just one generation prior. There’s a diversity of worldviews among Thunderbirds. Mine is a worldview of faith in God to whom I offer heartfelt thanks for leading me to Thunderbird, and allowing me to taste the richness of outcomes that attend the Thunderbird experience.
Norman Fite '76 - Norman passed away in February of 2021. His obituary can be found here: https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/dailytribune/obituary.aspx?n=norman-ed...
Austin Seay '70 - Austin retired from a 32 year international biz career in April 2002. In short, during his career and after graduating from T-Bird in 1970, he has previously resided in ten countries on six continents. Namely: Iran (during the Shah's regime) (plus the Red Sea, U.A.E and Indian sub continent ops), Mexico, Venezuela, China, Scotland (with England and Ireland ops), Egypt (with Eastern Med ops), Brazil, Singapore (Asia Pacific 10 country operation from Japan to Indonesia), Nigeria, and Australia (plus NZ, and Papua New Guinea ops). He matriculated into T-Bird after 6 yrs on active duty service in the US Navy & with a 1963 BS degree from the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, MD. He was a combat veteran from the Vietnam war when he entered T-Bird. He has recently been honored by the newspaper, "Chattanooga Times Free Press (CTFP), which solicited nominations for deserving vets from three states, namely: Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia. Austin saw combat action in 1965 offshore S, Vietnam and in 1993 (from Singapore), he returned to Vietnam (Hanoi) as a business man and started up a biz operation with the government of N. Vietnam after President Clinton removed the USA's trade embargo in1994. As one can see, there has been no lack of adventure and intrigue in Austin's international business career ( with 25 yrs overseas) and T-Bird gets a lot of credit for that.
Raymond Burrus '74 - A native Oklahoman, I graduated from OK State and then spent four years active duty as an officer in the Army Transportation Corps. After the military, I traveled in Europe and Africa for a year and a half. Susan and I married in 1973 before attending Thunderbird. Caterpillar hired me in 1975 and after a year and a half in Peoria, sent me to Hong Kong. In 1977, with the backing of a Hong Kong British company, I started a company to sell and distribute heavy equipment from several manufacturers. Our daughters were born in Hong Kong. After 10 years in Hong Kong, we spent two years in Indonesia before moving back to the U.S. Since then, I spent the rest of my career selling heavy and industrial equipment here and around the World. I retired in 2012 and have spent the last eight years splitting my time between Dallas, TX and Bellingham, WA. We have six grandkids and love spending time with them.
Robert Lawes ’76 - “Alive and well, have lived in Australia approx. 25 years. T-Bird has gotten me around a great deal of the world over many years. Interesting side-note: I went to ASU (then Arizona State College) with the idea of going on to The American Institute of Foreign Trade (now T-Bird). I eventually got to T-Bird and now am reconnected to ASU.”
Lawrence Bradley ’75 - “Residing in Singapore since 1980, retired since 2016 from Kerr-McGee/Tronox where I was Managing Director Asia/Pacific, married w/two children William age 27 and Julia 18 - the latter of whom just graduated from Singapore American School & is heading to university at Western U in Ontario, which her brother also attended. Continue to be active in the Hash House Harriers, Anglican Church, and mentoring at the National University of Singapore.”
Ronald MacDonald ’73 - Ronald is retired now living in Prescott Valley, AZ after living in Vietnam, Tokyo, Jakarta, England, and most recently, Ecuador.
Gary Lumsden ’73 - Gary recently from Palm Beach, Florida to Paradise Valley, Arizona to launch a new broadcast advertising agency. “It will be fantastic to be back in Arizona once again. Both Arizona and Thunderbird have changed for the better.”
Deborah Smith ’75- “I am still doing spa and wellness facility consulting for hotels, resorts and private clubs globally. For the last 20 years I’ve been based in the Roaring Fork Valley near Aspen, Colorado. Free time spent hiking, cross-country skiing, and outreach for a couple of non-profit boards. I cherish the time I spent at Thunderbird and the lifelong friends I made. Another of my class mates said it well, ‘it was a different time’…in the middle of the desert, with a distinguished cast of characters as far as students and faculty went. I participated as a Project Artemis mentor to aspiring female entrepreneurs in Afghanistan and Jordan a decade ago and had occasion to be at the Glendale campus once again for the Afghanistan and Jordan week-long sessions. It was special.”
Alex G. Martens ’74- Alex passed away April 14th surrounded by his loving wife and family. Alex graduated from North Miami High School, then enlisted in the Air Force where he was a medic. He then went on to receive his BA degree from Florida Atlantic University, then to receive his masters from Thunderbird and from New York Institute of Technology in Business and Management. He was the owner and operator of Superior Sheds. Alex was a great mentor to many. His great knowledge and expert advice encouraged many. Those who knew him loved him. Alex will be remembered for his outstanding generosity and compassion for others, but most of all his dry and great sense of humor, and his total commitment to his employees.
James W. Howard Jr. ’74- James passed away January 29th from a heart attack at the age of 71. James grew up in Kansas City, MO and majored in Latin American Studies at Washington University, from which he graduated in 1969. After graduating, he enlisted in the Air Force and served with distinction in Korea in the early 70s. He then studied at Thunderbird before moving to the Northeast for work. James traveled extensively to Europe and across the U.S. during his career, which included founding and being the CEO of the North American branches of two Swiss companies, and working in IT consulting for an Indian company, Cognizant, all befitting his executive education. James retired in 2014 and became a docent at the Phoenix Art Museum after a rigorous 18-month training program. He also volunteered in the museum's library in partnership with Arizona State University's Chinese Art Department, researching particular Chinese artists and art works from hundreds of years ago. His interest in foreign languages began during his youth and continued his whole life.
Arne Rosell ’73- “I am now retired since many years living in Sigtuna, 40 kms from Stockholm, and the oldest city in Sweden. I spend my time mostly travelling and playing golf. Actually, I went to the Thunderbird campus event last year celebrating the departure from the Glendale campus but did not meet anyone from my class. My career has mostly been international and in the medical field as I have also studied Medicine. I have lived in Canada, the US, France, Belgium and Austria working for different companies.”
G.J. Rancourt ‘78- Originally from Canada, G.J.continues to enjoy a full, vibrant and a most abundant life ministering in Costa Rica where he is a permanent resident. He is the inventor, founder and CEO of the global EZ Creeper Company, which is headquartered in Canada. He is also owner and President of a real estate company. God is Good!
Daniel Wagner ‘75- Daniel, CEO of Country Risk Solutions, published his sixth book in February - China Vision - addressing how China's government approaches international relations and its impact on countries around the world.
Keith Cromley ’75- Keith passed away February 5th of Parkinson’s Disease in Sun City West, AZ. Keith was very proud of his Thunderbird degree and all his great T-bird friends he made at Thunderbird.
Paul Hammerstad ‘72- Paul Hammerstad passed away on August 21st in Seattle. He was buried on August 27th in Yakima, Washington.
Vince Daniels ‘74- Vince and his family hosted Fotis Papadopoulos for Thanksgiving dinner at their home in Kalamata Greece. The US Embassy in Athens has also appointed Vince as US Citizen Liaison Volunteer – Warden for Messinia/Kalamata.
Ric Lohman '75 Thunderbird helped me get back to Brazil several times. One of my daughters was born there and still holds dual citizenship. As I left Thunderbird, I decided not to rest on my laurels as Doubles Pong Champion and went back into manufacturing systems. I worked in a variety of companies from a legal firm to a medical research group, with many defense contractors on the way. Spent 20 plus years in local politics protecting the California coast south of San Francisco. Three years ago I retired, and we moved to a mini ranch in the hills of Montara. I even have a cowboy hat. Spending most of my time now with politics and restoring the ranch.
Brian J. O’Connor ’78- Brian John O'Connor passed away on July 27, 2018 in his home. He graduated from the University of Des Moines, Iowa in 1977 then moved to Glendale to obtain his Masters Degree from the American Graduate School of International Management. Upon completion of his education, Brian began his career in business and specialized in public finance. Brian worked for Walter E. Heller and Company, Boetcher and Company and Hutchinson Shockey Erley and Company as an Investment Banker advising municipalities, public utilities and school districts regarding their financial needs and facilitating the explosive growth of infrastructure and public improvements throughout Arizona and the Western United States. Brian was an outspoken optimist and proponent of the promise and future of Arizona and the West. Brian was also involved in charitable endeavors through the Phoenix Thunderbirds organization which sponsors and promotes the Waste Management Phoenix Open Golf Tournament on the PGA tour, raising millions of dollars for Arizona charities each year. Brian was a creative and inspirational businessman with investment interests in a variety of endeavors over his long career. However, his favorite business venture was the acquisition and ownership of the Class A Minor League Baseball team then known as the Salt Lake City Trappers. During Brian's ownership of the team with several partners and friends, the Trappers recorded a 29 game winning streak which remains a professional baseball record. The Trappers and their record season are enshrined in the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York.
William R. Killeen ‘76- William passed away Wednesday, June 13, 2018. After receiving his degree from Thunderbird, William spent over 45 years living and doing business in Latin America.
Paul D. Smith ’75- Paul passed away July 7, 2018 after a valiant fight with pancreatic cancer. After receiving his MIM degree at Thunderbird, Paul spent many years in the food industry, both in retail and food service, working with several large companies including Carnation, Colgate, and Rich Products for over 17 years, where he was Vice President of the Food Service Division. Most recently, after having worked with Burry Foods out of Chicago, he decided to venture out on his own, working closely with Starbucks sourcing new food ideas for their stores.
John F. Ryan ’72- John Ryan h passed away on Saturday August 11, 2018. John was a lifelong resident of New Jersey. He was a graduate of Thunderbird Graduate School of International Management and American International College. John was a volunteer with the Peace Corps in Columbia from 1967-1969. After that he never stopped traveling. He visited every corner of the world and was still globetrotting this year, crossing the equator during a 50 night journey around South America. John loved a good adventure, the outdoors, and the furthest reaches but he also made a home full of wonder and beauty for all who entered to behold and be welcome. John was an educator and worked at Collier High School from 1980-1985 and served as the Principal of The Center School from 1985 - 2008. In the last few years, he served on the board of directors of Collier Youth Services.
Michael L. MacAfee ’71- Michael Lee MacAfee (80) passed on June 22, 2018 at his place of residence in McHenry, Illinois. He worked at his father's business, Painters Warehouse, and served in the US Navy and reserves. While working as a Police Officer for the City of Phoenix, he attended and graduated from ASU then left Phoenix PD to attend Thunderbird. After graduating from Thunderbird, Michael worked for the Arizona State Attorney General's Office as a Special Agent where he retired.
Jerry Mathews '78, I joined the Navy and became a Naval Flight Officer, and did a lot of cool things. I retired somewhat honorably. I also ran the family manufacturing business for 15 years. I got creamed by the recession. I received an accounting degree. I am retiring this year as a Supervisory Auditor with the Feds. I am moving to Hilton Head to work on my tan.
John C. Patterson ‘71 of Jackson died peacefully at home on April 8, 2018, surrounded by his loved ones. In 1967 he married Donna Zimmerman and they recently celebrated their 50th anniversary. They both served as Peace Corps Volunteers in Hamadan, Iran, (the biblical Ecbatana). Later, John worked as a sales manager for a Saudi company in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia , where he, Donna and their two children lived for 6 years. In 1985, he accepted a position in Milwaukee as International Sales Manager for Cleaver-Brooks which began a 28year history until he retired in 2013. During his career, he traveled to over 80 countries and made many life-long friendships both in the States and abroad. John treasured the many experiences with them. He enjoyed planning trips and vacations for his family, boating, reading and photography.
Keith Taylor ’72 passed away March 4, 2018. After Air Force service he worked as a sales engineer before attending Thunderbird. Jobs took him and the family to Brazil, Venezuela and England before he continued his education at ASU for his doctorate. Keith taught Finance at Utah State University (Logan) and Sonoma State University before he retired. He and Carmen continued traveling in the US, Canada and abroad. A great joy was collecting die cast models of cars and trucks.
Don Hiruo ’75, after a career in both the Private and Public Sector that took me to Southeast Asia, Europe, Central America and the Middle East I have finally retired. I leave National Integrated Systems as its Vice President of Sales & Marketing and thank Thunderbird for allowing me to live my dream.
Louis Gaker ‘75, of Middletown, Ohio passed away on Saturday, January 27, 2018 of pancreatic cancer. He worked in Management for Northrop Corporation in Esfahan, Iran where he supervised construction of an airport. Later he worked for BFI in an international management position and traveled throughout South America. Later he relocated to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia with BFI. Jeff later settled in Atlanta, Georgia with his wife, Suzanne, where he worked for Republic Services until he returned to Cincinnati, where he enjoyed golf, fishing, hunting, racquetball and travel. One of his greatest adventures was exploring the Alaskan Highway from South America to Alaska. In retirement he worked for Oasis Golf Club in Cincinnati.
Judy Yep Hughes ’77, passed away peacefully on February 08, 2018. She courageously fought an 18 month battle with ovarian cancer. Judy was a natural entrepreneur, successful businesswoman, active community supporter, and a world-class mom. She owned and operated several businesses in Sonoma County throughout the past forty years. Judy was known for her generosity, ambitious work ethic, quick wit, and ability to navigate complex situations. Judy's loyalty and devotion to her family and friends was one of her many strengths. Her enthusiasm for life and passion for cooking brought people together. Judy loved traveling the world, experiencing different cultures and meeting new people.
Rod Granger ’75, like many in my class years, I recently retired. I worked for a major regional bank, later for KPMG as a CPA, and eventually as a CFO in transportation, senior living, and most recently an educational website. So a varied career with turn-arounds and startups often involved and now doing some occasional consulting. Aside from a stent in Brazil, the opportunities were all domestic. Currently living in Las Vegas, with our sailboat in the Sea of Cortez, and grandkids nearby in Arizona.
Thomas Jackson Fullerton ’77, died November 11, 2017. Tom was an avid political junkie with a broad understanding of global politics. The theatre, especially New York theatre was a passion and a hobby. He helped secure the London production of Shadowlands for the New York theatre circuit. His distinctive and theatrical voice was a recognized by all who met him and often caught the "ear" of commercial producers. It is said that all very bright people have a great sense of humor, and his sharp wit was no exception. He will be remembered as a fun, sophisticated and charming man that was the most sought after dance partner at any party! The most descriptive word that embodied Tom is charitable. He was abundantly giving of his time and his love to, his family, church, community and legions of friends. His personality and kindness filled any room he entered, and he will be remembered as vivacious and one of a kind.
Jeffrey Wise ’79, passed away January 13, 2018. Jeff spent the majority of his professional career in the automotive retail automation industry, most recently as a Director at CDK Global, an industry and company that Jeff truly loved.
Tom Sanders ’70, a year ago I retired from teaching finance at the University of Miami. I now teach part time at Washington, DC universities. I worked in international departments of banks on Wall Street in the 1970s.
Dave Hackett ’70, Dave and his wife Cindy reside in Gig Harbor, WA. They have two children and four grandchildren. Dave retired from a career with the U.S. Government Accountability Office with assignments in Europe, New England and Washington DC.
Jan Jarne ’70, was elected Chairman of the Board of the Brazil-Finland Chamber of Commerce (FinnCham Brazil) in May. He founded the board and presided for the first two terms. He has also been the Honorary Consul General of Finland in São Paulo for the last 12 years. He was decorated by the Finnish government as Commander of the Order of Lion of Finland. He continues to put 10 hours a day into his profession as an M&A expert and private equity advisor in the investment banking boutique (Invest Partners) that he founded 20 years ago.
Phillip Moore ’70, I attended Thunderbird after serving in the Marines, and was hired by a global insurance group out of New York, then spent 22 years outside the US, mostly in Southeast Asia and South America, running insurance companies and eventually M&A work, with stints at head offices in NY, Philadelphia, and Boston. I retired as Senior VP of a Fortune 100 company after a 30 year career. I could not have asked for, or imagined, a more interesting or challenging life. The kick off was in Glendale, and the world has turned over many times since then, but I’d do all again today. Youth is not a gift, but just a loan.
David Josephson ’71, David is Managing Director, Northern California at the Export Import Bank of the United States in San Francisco CA.
Robert Ainslie ’71, I have been involved with Greater China since 1980. My company produced promotional goods for companies like Sears, Broadway, several airlines, and financial institutions. I retired for the first time in 1986. In 1993, I was asked by a group from the PRC to assist them in structuring Sino-Foreign joint ventures. I left them a few months later and organized another company focused on bringing companies and investment to China from North America and Europe. I also had an office in Rome. I was an advisor to New York investment bankers like DLJ and Bear Sterns and was instrumental in establishing their business in China and their participating as managers and or co-managers in about $2Bn in the IPOs of Chinese enterprises in the U.S. stock market. I retired again in 2006. During 2013, old friends in China asked me to participate with them in identifying good technology companies for investment in the West. The companies had to have cutting-edge technologies that improve human health, the environment and were disruptive technologies. I organized two LLCs and have been successful in accomplishing these goals. So, no retirement in the foreseeable future.
Mahlon Barash ’71, I have been living in Lima, Peru since 2008 when I returned from living in Cajamarca while directing a housing micro-finance program from a contract in Mexico. I was working with non-bank financial institutions to improve their mortgage lending practices. Now I teach English to three second-level management students at Adidas, the sports equipment company. I am also conducting an evaluation of FINCA's, a local NGO home improvement loan program. This is the fourth time I have lived in Peru, starting in 1965 as a Peace Corps volunteer working in the highlands helping small communities build better schools. In February of this year I became a Peruvian citizen, in addition to my American citizenship.
Juan Manuel de Cardenas ’72, is founder, main investor and CEO of Energia Azul, a development company of Santa Maria Hydro Power Project (SM), a 750 MW hydro in late stage of development based in Peru.
John Cullison ’72, retired in 2015 after 42 years with Bank of America including a decade overseas. John served on the Board of the San Francisco Opera for eight years and the American Red Cross Bay Area Board for nine years and recently joined the Board of Global Partners for Development that focuses on community driven projects in East Africa.
Basel Khalifeh ’72, I am a resident of Dubai / UAE. I own a registered consulting office in Dubai focused on providing management solutions. I did significant research, including providing business plans, on behalf of oil and gas firms from Europe. I am semi-retired but still do consulting work focusing on research. I now focus on the medical sector as well as on international law, in particular intellectual property, since my son has a prominent law office in this field. I help him with international communications. I am now establishing a state-of-the-art diagnostic hospital as well as a cancer centre, two fields that occupy my work at present. I had colon cancer diagnosed and treated recently and both centres will provide significant medical services of the highest quality. I am still working on these two hospitals and expect to finish my proposal for investors the end of this year. I have the highest regard for Thunderbird and I cherish the time I spent at Thunderbird.
Tom Kenyon ’72 is retired and lives in Paso Robles, CA.
George Hiller ’72, I am still teaching ‘Doing Business in Latin America’ at the University of Richmond Business School. It’s an experiential-learning course; teams of UR business and law students work with a Richmond-area company to develop market entry strategies in Latin America. It’s a lot of fun! This fall, I will be teaching a short course at a university in Colombia.
McDiarmid (Mac) Messenger ’72, I’m just completing my sixth year of retirement and my 31st t year of living abroad since graduating from Thunderbird in May of 1972. I have really lived my T-bird dream. Living and working in Germany, Denmark, the UAE, Brazil, England, and now in Geneva, Switzerland where I just completed my 18th year. My travels for business and pleasure have taken me to more than 80 countries and have met fellow T-birds living and working in at least 20 of those countries. Without Thunderbird, my life would have been very different and, I am sure, not nearly as interesting. Perhaps easier, but not as rewarding. What more could one ask?
Kevin Tam ’73, I'm working with Script International. Script has worked on projects in over 30 countries, across four continents, with over ten decades of combined experience. As management consultants, we'll be able to help guide businesses towards efficiency, productivity, and profitability.
Ernest L. Kangas ’73, in May 2015, my wife, Melody, who worked for President William Voris while we were at Thunderbird, and I moved from Portland, OR area to Windsor, CA smack dab in the middle of the Sonoma Wine Country. We can almost walk to several wineries. In June, we celebrated our 48th wedding anniversary and started the day with a hot air balloon ride. I have been with Hefferan Insurance Brokers going on 12 years now, I still specializing in trade credit and political risk insurance working out of their Petaluma, CA office.
Dimitri Andonov ’73, Thunderbird was a different place at that time. It was in the middle of the desert. After working several years overseas as international sales manager for International Paper Co., Campbell soup Co., and Johnson Controls International Co. I started my own export company in 1994. After 23 yrs. I am passing the baton to my son John. I live with my wife, Sharon, in Miami Beach Florida.
Brian Marshall ’73, I am currently back in the U.S. recovering from hip replacement surgery, I have worked since 1997 in the Balkans, Eastern Europe and Central Asia with the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), most recently as a Long Term Observer on postings in Ukraine. During this period, I also served four years on temporary one-year appointments to the U.S. State Department in Iraq.
Bela (De) Mariassy ’73, I am wrapping up a long career in Aerospace. I worked many years for Allied Signal / Honeywell in Phoenix. Twelve years ago I moved to Annapolis where I work for ARINC / Rockwell Collins in export compliance. I retire at the end of September and plan to travel. Then I will divide my time among being with my wife and grandchildren, kayaking on the Chesapeake Bay, and part-time consulting on export compliance in the Washington, DC area.
Stephen Elson ’73, I currently live in Palm Springs with Tom Stewart, retired in 2001 from Sodexco, a hospitality management group. I am a docent at the Palm Springs Art Museum and a member of the Pasadena Society of Artists (photographer).
Michael Zahaby ’74, Michael is semi-retired in Naples, FL after 40 years in banking and corporate finance. He is also an adjunct professor of Finance at Florida Gulf Coast University.
Roberto Bradford ’74, I am the owner and CEO of RG Bradford Representações, based in Rio de Janeiro. Our family company was found in 1946 and, over these 71 years, we have specialized in marketing/representation services to foreign companies interested in doing business in or with Brazil in various sectors of our economy including defense and private industry.
Craig Williamson ’74, I recently retired in Queen Creek, AZ after a very satisfying career that included two overseas assignments in Singapore and Hong Kong with Fleet Financial Group, now Bank of America. Shortly after retiring in 2014, my wife, Lynda, and I went to Beijing, China for 18 months to serve as Humanitarian Service Representatives for the LDS Church. Here we traveled almost the entire country by rail, air, and car to deliver wheelchairs to the needy, supplies to schools, and health care training to hospitals. This was a very different experience than banking and we enjoyed working with different types of people. China is an amazing place. We are now resting in Queen Creek after a recent Baltic Sea cruise and tour, which took us to the Scandinavian countries, Germany, Estonia, and Russia. St. Petersburg was a favorite.
Michael Crotty ’74, has been in the home textiles business for thirty+ years as the President of TexStyle, Inc., and its China subsidiary, TexStyle Asia (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, that he founded in 2001. In 2007, he established MKT & Associates, Ltd. to capitalize on his expertise in building networks between Chinese and U.S. companies. In 2012, he moved to Shanghai to be on the ground and closer to his partners and factories. He has been active in T-bird Alumni affairs since he graduated and is a member of the TIAA. He has also been very active in the American Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai (AmCham), serving on the Board of Governors, Invest USA Committee and Supply Chain Committee. He has no plans to retire anytime soon!
Curtis Piper ’74, I am retired from Nomura Real Estate, Inc. My wife and I, and our husky, spend summers on Prince Edward Island, Canada and we travel to Japan twice a year to visit my 91-year-old mother-in-law. I have written a 300-page historical mystery entitled “The Shogun’s Gold—Its Lethal Legacy.” Target date for publication is late 2018. I am dabbling in genealogy and have discovered cousins in France.
James Dodson ’74, after living and working in Spain for 36 years, I have moved to Algarve, Portugal to avoid Spanish tax on a small inheritance. I am now retired and I am busier than ever.
Tom W. Glaser ’75, after retiring from Miami-Dade County Public Schools, I started teaching for Academica Charter Schools, and I just transferred to Brooks Collegiate Academy in San Antonio, TX. I have been somewhere for free for at least a week every summer since 1990. I LOVE being a teacher, and retiring a second time would mean missing out on those free trips!
Larry W. Ishmael ’75, retired on September 1 from Northwest University as a professor of economics and entrepreneurship. He and his wife, Francie, will be moving to Sunriver Resort in central Oregon.
Dirk Visser ’75, I am still working and now in my final year prior to retiring in April 2018. I am a risk director at Cargill Europe, based in Belgium. Once retired I will take it easy living between Brussels and Sitges near Barcelona.
Timo (Saunaman) Lahdekorpi ’75, I’m in Finland to research the renowned Loyly Sauna facility in Helsinki. I’ve been commissioned to design and help construct a similar one in the U.S. For even more fun, afterwards I’m heading to France and Switzerland to continue my newly found love, paragliding.
Scott Johnson ’75, is sales manager for Martin Door Manufacturing in Salt Lake City, UT.
Mark W. Andersen ’75, after almost 28 years abroad running businesses in Latin America and Europe with responsibility for EU, Russia/Ukraine, Turkey and Northern Africa, I moved back to the U.S. and started my own consulting business and it’s been going strong for the last three years. I continue to let the ‘Latin’ in me out. I still have a single digit handicap in golf and enjoy my two grandchildren growing up.
Emmett Steed ’75, after 25 years in the hotel industry, I went back to school and earned a Ph.D. in Hospitality Administration. I was hired by Southern Utah University to launch a hospitality management curriculum. I am now a full professor in my 15th year at SUU. One of the highlights of my academic career was an invitation to team teach a tourism course at FHNW in Olten, Switzerland. I also taught a graduate tourism course at FH Wien in Vienna, Austria.
Leonard Brockman ’75, Thunderbird, oh Thunderbird!! The doors you opened led me from Ukraine to Singapore, from Zambia to Panama and 25 or more other countries. Today, at 74, I still run Traderbrock.com, a company I started in the rainforest of Panama in 1990. Now we are embarking on the greatest adventure of all, service to God with the proceeds of Traderbrock's sales. Come join us.
Alan P. Goode ’75, has been elected to the position of Chairman of the Board of Commissioners of the Manchester Transit Authority (MTA). Alan has been a member of the board since 2013. He served as a senior insurance examiner/regulator for the New Hampshire Insurance Department for 37 years. He also is a member of the State Employees’ Association of New Hampshire, Chapter 1, and served as a U.S. Army Field Artillery Officer.
Rich Pedersen '76, has retired to rural life in the Texas Hill Country north of Enchanted Rock, raising chickens, cattle, bees, fruits and vegetables and enjoying his grandchildren. Rich's last position before retirement was as a risk advisory director with KPMG, working to help clients manage commodity risk exposure across their global enterprise.
Pru Pande ’77, I am working as a financial analyst/auditor for the Department of Labor in Denver, Colorado. My husband, Arun Pande ’77, is enjoying retirement.
Rafel Puig ’77, I'm retired, living and having fun in Gavà, a beach town close to Barcelona. All T-birds are welcome.
Susan (Sunny Speca) Suval ’77, is based in Doylestown PA, where her company, Susan Duval Seminars, hosts experts in personal growth, holistic health, healing, spirituality and metaphysics. In addition, she organizes Sacred Journeys worldwide for small groups. How can a T-bird not travel! Plus, a daughter in London gives her a good excuse to go to Europe once a year!
Mark Bubar ’77, I’m helping financial services clients with their digital transformation. Continually excited to see where these changes take the world. Very grateful to have the global foundation provided by Thunderbird.
Steve B. Stevenson ’77 and Lisa Moore Stevenson ’77, Lisa worked with an 8000 member non-profit Capital Area Soccer League in Raleigh, NC as Controller. Steve worked with various international companies, was Director of International Development for the State of North Carolina, taught International Management at North Carolina State University and Meredith College, as well as lecturing at the Duke Fuqua School of Business. He spent the last 13 years prior to retirement as owner of Tesco LLC an international sales company representing for 12 major U.S. electrical manufacturers outside the United States. Steve and Lisa, with two sons, reside in Asheville and Cashiers, NC.
Sue Gile Whitmer ’77, I am still enjoying my career with global health insurer GeoBlue, and I am working on my third book, which will be about everyday heroes.
Jon Dietz ’78, I met my wife, Jennifer (Woody) Dietz ’79 at Thunderbird on the first day of school in 1978. Shortly after graduation, I started a printing service company in Southern California that became FSSI, and she went to the East Coast to pursue banking. When she came out to marry me in 1982, she took a job with Fluor, in their project management group. After our first daughter was born in 1988, Jennifer came to work for me, and then five years ago she became President of FSSI. I’m still active there, but have started several other companies, including Gorilla Gadgets (internet retail) and Sonostar, making geodesic domes. I just filed a patent application for my hub-connector invention. We’re both involved in nonprofit work, primarily in China, having to do with placing English teachers in universities and the management of several orphanages and special needs programs for kids there. My youngest daughter, Christina, just got married in June.
Wes Bigler ’78, Mike Camplin ’78, a classmate and friend, and I reconnected two years ago on LinkedIin and this summer we met at his place in Victoria British Columbia. I took a Float Plane from Vancouver to see him. We hadn't seen each other in 39 years. The Thunderbird mystique continues!
Tom Cath ’78, has been the Director for the Career Center al Valparaiso University since 2009.
Alyce Tidball ’79, I am semi-retired from the U.S. Foreign Service and work up to six months a year as a reemployed annuitant. I recently attended First Tuesday in Bogota with Alumni TEM Lab participants, where I enjoyed meeting other alumni who were offering mentoring to Colombian companies. I currently work at the U.S. Embassy in Bogota. In my spare time, I travel and work on maintaining my classic 1964 Bonneville Pontiac convertible. I have two daughters, and I look forward to the birth of my first grandchild in March 2018!
William Moore ’79, after three years in the Philippines with the U.S. Peace Corps Agency, I transferred to Morocco in May as Director of Management and Operations.
David Ford ’79, about 10 years ago I started developing a special applicator for the distribution of fast-drying liquids on small bottles (1 oz. or so). Three prototypes later, I received a patent and a trademark. Fineline Applicators are sold all over the world under the Fineline brand name and under private label brands. Do a YouTube search to see how it works. I welcome ideas on production mold places that could lower manufacturing costs.
Dave Kastner ’79, is enjoying semi-retirement in San Luis Obispo, CA, rated one of the best places to live in the world. (True!) He also enjoys being a grandfather. Dave keeps up with current marketing by helping local performing arts organizations.
Mohammed Azab ’79, currently heads Private Banking Group for Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank, a position held for the past five years, providing wealth management advisory services for high and ultra-high net worth individuals and families in the UAE and Gulf countries. He lives in Dubai.
Willie Cone ’79, I am still traveling the world and living the T-bird dream! After a 40-year career in corporate event marketing and promotions, I'm now giving back by teaching ESL (English as a Second Language and Business English) to adult/professional students from around the world. Over the last few years, my wife and I have taught over 2000 students from more than 40 countries. We've taught in Ireland, Malta, England and at our home base in Miami, FL. Currently, we are wrapping up our third summer in London, where we've been able to rendezvous with great Thunderbird classmates.
Thomas Murray '89 - The latest news for him is that he is a resident of Portugal where he has been living for the past 4 years. He has now added 'published author' to his life experiences. He has just published The Eye of the Beholder: International Suspense in the Art World on Amazon. This is the direct link https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1735260606. He has already written his second novel and is just waiting for it to be illustrated. He expects to publish a new novel every 6 months, instead of the 7 years it took for his first one.
Brenda Gant '86 - In February, 2020, Brenda appeared as a contestant on Jeopardy! (show #8155). After passing the initial tests - online and in person - in the beginning of 2018, she was finally called to tape in November, 2019. Although she did not win her match, she is proud to say she got a Daily Double, which she answered correctly, and narrowly missed the Final Jeopardy! clue. Brenda had a wonderful experience meeting the other contestants and was so honored to play under venerable host, Alex Trebek. Additionally, Brenda walked in this year's Rose Parade with the entry celebrating the 100th anniversary of the 19th Amendment which gave women the right to vote. She was one of 100 women dressed in all-white period costumes who accompanied a float that carried descendants of notable persons who fought for women's suffrage. Brenda lives in Glendale, CA and is an office manager and bookkeeper for several local companies after having spent 20 years in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Julie Lantz ’89 - Julie passed away June 15th in Mesa, AZ. She was an active member of Saving Grace Lutheran Church in Queen Creek, where she served on the Board of Ministry, Financial Secretary, choir member, and many other positions. Julie was a devoted Suns fan, very seldom missing a game. Julie played the piano, and was an avid estate sale attendee. Julie's way was to be first in line, no matter how much sleep you lost. She loved the balloon festivals at Thunderbird and Albuquerque, NM.
Kate Ferguson ’87 - Kate was named the new Director of Multifamily Programs for the California Housing Finance Agency. Kate has more than 30 years of experience in the multifamily lending world, most recently with BBVA Compass’ Affordable Housing division in Denver. In addition, she spent three years in risk management and underwriting with Mercy Housing, one of the biggest non-profit housing developers in the United States. She also has experience in California, with seven years at Bank of America and Scotia Bank in San Francisco. In those roles, she was responsible for credit analysis, construction management and portfolio management for the West Coast.
Helane Nelson ‘87 - Helane is currently attending William M Bowen Law School at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock and will be graduating in December.
Steven Croxton ’86 - Steven was recently appointed to the Board of Directors of Rekor Systems Inc, a leading provider of innovative vehicle recognition systems. Steven currently serves as Managing Director and Head of Investment Banking for Rice, Voelker, LLC and has more than 32 years of experience in investment and commercial banking. During his career, Steve has been involved in financing and advisory transactions totaling more than $35 billion for a variety of public and private corporations. He previously served on the Board of Directors of Peninsula Gaming Partners, LLC, and has held leadership roles with responsibilities related to investment, corporate, and international banking.
Michael Guay ’80 - Michael passed away June 5th. Michael was a resident of Lebanon, New Hampshire at the time of passing. Michael was loving and helpful to all his family and friends.
Christophe Bellinger ’80 - I recently visited Phoenix with my wife Michelle. I had not returned to the city since graduating from Thunderbird. While there, I took the opportunity to visit the school’s new offices. We were well-greeted by Robyn McLaughlin, the Associate Director of Alumni Engagement. She kindly updated us on new developments at the school and showed us around the new offices and were told of the plans for a new building. I told her that I was interested in being a mentor to interested students. While at Thunderbird, I took a course on the use of political risk insurance reading a text book written by Gerry West whom I have now worked with twice professionally. After graduating from T-Bird, I worked for American Hospital Supply in France after which I began a 38-year career in political risk insurance (PRI) working for American International Group, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency as one of its first staff and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) – all in the field of political risk insurance, credit insurance and guarantees. I retired from ADB in 2014 where we were based in Manila, Philippines for 10 years. Since graduating, I established my own consulting firm, Credit Enhancement Products LLC and have continued working as a consultant for other international organizations, most recently the African Development Bank based in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire - always in the same field. The school’s tripartite program prepared me well for this career.
Ahmed Dawood ’85- Ahmed is the CEO of AD Automotive International.
Zeek Ojeh ’84- Zeek serves on the board of directors of Arizona’s third largest credit union - The Arizona Federal Credit Union. Previously, he served on the boards of the state-wide Manufactured Housing Board and the Az Finance Housing Authority as a Governor’s appointee.
Kymberly Eide ’84- Kymberly was recently appointed to President of Aperture, the largest provider of credentialing services to the healthcare industry. Kymberly joins Aperture with extensive operational, sales, and product leadership experience in the healthcare, manufacturing, and services industries. Kymberly previously spent 11 years at Optum leading product strategy and growth for its provider data management line of services.
Michael Klesh ’82- Michael passed away from cancer on March 20, 2019 in Tucson, Arizona. After graduating from Thunderbird, Michael joined the Ken Blanchard Companies (author of “One Minute Manager”) as a sales consultant in Los Angeles. Mike embarked upon a career in international business advocacy by joining the World Trade Center of Long Beach California, the second largest WTC in the United States. While at WTC he rose to become Vice President and was active in WTC’s global leadership. In 1993 Mike returned to his beloved Kenya by joining USAID’s Regional Mission in Nairobi as private sector advisor. In 1998 Mike was on duty when the US Embassy was bombed killing 212 American and Kenyan citizens. Through his mastery of Swahili, he helped rescue hundreds of people and mourned the death of many Kenyan and American friends for years. In 2000 Mike joined Dry Construction a real estate development and finance company based in Nairobi and then worked with a South Africa construction company before rejoining USAID as senior private sector advisor in Ethiopia in 2005. While in Addis Ababa, Mike partnered with the Corporate Council on Africa to establish the American Chamber of Commerce in Ethiopia and participated in the arch of economic transformation that Ethiopia continues to this day. He was especially impactful in preparing Ethiopia’s capacity to take advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act. Mike remained in this position until suffering a career ending injury while on assignment in South Africa. He then retired from federal service and moved to Tucson, Arizona. Wherever, Mike went he made deep and lasting friendships. His devotion to the development of small and medium sized businesses in Africa was unconditional and his accomplishments evidenced by the thousands of people whose lives he improved. He was a proud life member of the Muthaiga Club in Nairobi and a tribute to him will be made there in his loving memory.
Paul Bradley ’87- Paul recently received the Transformative Leadership in Global Supply Chain Management Award at the Indian Institute of Supply Chain Management’s annual ceremony in India and was also received CEO Excellence Award for Supply Chain Innovation and Best International Business Consultancy 2018 South East Asia by CEO Monthly Magazine United Kingdom.
Hai-Yang Chen ’84- Hai-Yang Chen has been named the next dean of the College of Business at Western Carolina University. Previously Chen was the dean of the Lewis College of Business at Marshall University from July 2013 until returning to the faculty in July 2016. He previously held administrative positions as the founding managing director of the Global Financial Services Institute, founding director of E*TRADE Financial Learning Center and founding director of the Financial Planning Program, all within the Cotsakos College of Business at William Paterson University of New Jersey.
Mark Baker ’82 Mark was recently appointed as Senior Advisor at Kroll Bond Rating Agency (KBRA). Prior to joining KBRA, Mark was a Founding Partner at Shorebridge Capital Partners, LLC, an alternative focused investment and merchant bank and was responsible for senior client relationships across a broad spectrum of alternative managers and select direct offerings. Previously, he was Treasurer and Head of Capital Markets for HSBC Bermuda where he was responsible for managing the balance sheet and directing the trading and sales groups. In addition to his Capital Markets role, Baker was a member of HSBC Bermudas Senior Executive Management committee that guided the direction of the overall institutional strategy for the bank.
Markus Kessler ‘85- Co-Founded Humanista, a social consulting firm that educates companies, cities, and investors on the importance of social purpose, and how to implement social practices to ensure long-term growth and sustainability. Operating from Boise, ID, USA, and Munich, Bavaria, Germany, Humanista’s global reach connects clients to the world’s most dedicated leaders in social responsibility.
Kimberly Ely ‘86 was named Development Director for Patronato San Xavier, the non-profit organization responsible for promoting the restoration, maintenance and preservation of the Mission San Xavier del Bac, a National Landmark near Tucson, Arizona. Kimberly is the former Vice President of Development for the Tucson Symphony Orchestra. Prior to arriving in Tucson in 2016, she spent 20 years in Nashville, where she served as Vice President of Development for the historic Cheekwood Estate & Gardens and raised funds for the Frist Art Museum.
Jennifer Buras ‘88 was appointed to Beverly Bank’s Board of Directors. Jennifer is an executive coach and partner with Boston-based Camden Consulting Group, a division of Keystone Partners, an executive coaching and leadership development firm helping client companies improve their organizational effectiveness and leadership talent.
Luc Hostein ’88 after 23 years working in the sporting goods industry in France, Luc has relocated to Salt Lake City this November, with his wife Yuh-Fen. They have a 19 year old daughter who is a sophomore at Northwestern in Chicago. Luc is now planning on doing real estate investments.
Ramon Laguarta ‘86- Ramon was recently named the CEO of PepsiCo and will be the sixith CEO in the company’s 53-year history.Ramon has been with the company for around 22 years. In his two decade long career, he has held several posts including CEO, Europe Sub-Saharan Africa, president, PepsiCo Eastern Europe Region; commercial vice president for PepsiCo Europe; general manager for Iberia Snacks and Juices; and general manager for Greece Snacks. Notably, Laguarta became the president of PepsiCo in September 2017.
Nina Maria Fite ‘88- Nina,a career Foreign Service Officer with the State Department, was sworn in as U.S. Ambassador to Angola on January 5, 2018, following her nomination and Senate confirmation in November 2017.
Daniel Ward Jones ’88- Dan Jones joined the Daniel Swarovski Corporation AG in Maennedorf, Switzerland on July 1, 2018. Dan is the omnichannel learning and development manager in Swarovski's Global Retail Academy where he creates and delivers training programs for sales associates and managers in Swarovski stores around the world. Dan's also a thought leader and regular speaker at the Association for Talent Development's annual international conferences and spoke on "More Awesome Apps for Trainers" at the ATD conference in San Diego in May 2018.
John E. Rolfstad ‘85 died peacefully on April 4th, 2018 surrounded by family and friends in Seattle after a short illness. John Eric’s career and civic activism in his adopted hometown of Seattle is a testament to his compassion for others. He was a social worker for Providence Health in Seattle, and then for many years with Providence Hospice. For seven years, John Eric was the Executive Director of People’s Memorial, and later he became Interim Director at End of Life Washington, and was a passionate advocate for an individual’s right to make quality end of life choices. While John Eric was a big guy, his heart was even bigger, as well as his zest for life. He was a very social and outgoing person who loved spending time with both his family and friends, hiking, boating, enjoying music, choral performances, and dining together.
John Kroonblawd '85, after a career of nearly 33 years at Whirlpool Corporation working across many areas of the business, including sales, marketing, after sales service, business development, product development and project management, most recently working as Director of Product Delivery for IoT (Connected Appliances) and living nearly 10 years in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Shanghai, I have accepted an early retirement offer from Whirlpool, and will be retiring effective July 1, 2018. I continue to reside in St. Joseph, MI with my wife, Sheila, and exploring opportunities for the next phase in my life.
Linda Frank ’80, I have been a practicing Art Therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor since 2002. I received my Masters in Art Therapy from Southwestern College in Santa Fe, New Mexico. I lived and practiced there working with the Developmentally Disabled and The Rape Crisis and Trauma Treatment Center seeing clients from Mexico and Central America until 2008 when I moved back to Huntsville, Alabama and started a private practice working with Individuals and The Dept of Human Resources with individuals and families again seeing clients from Mexico and Central America speaking only Spanish . I currently live and work with my companion German Shepherd/ Belgian Shepherd mix, Elsa, doing Art Therapy and counseling. We live close to the woods and often take walks through the trails and enjoy our time in nature.
Harrison Snow ’82, I've been in the Washington DC metro area since 82 but worked in 26 different countries as an organizational development facilitator. My recently published book, Confessions of a Corporate Shaman, recounts some of those adventures and learnings. Will continue to focus on developing global leaders who apply self, group and social awareness to their leadership challenges.
Eric McDonald ’88, has taken voluntary early retirement with the U.S. Commerce Department. His career was that of a global trade professional with 25 years of domestic and overseas substantive knowledge in facilitating exports of U.S. products and services. Having moved to Williamsburg, Virginia, he is now seeking new opportunities for the next phase of his life.
Vijay Anand Jangiti ’88 & Mohit Chuganee ’89 co-own Charles Bridge, a three year old bay colt. Charles Bridge debuted with a maiden win at the races in Mumbai on April 28th.
Edward Fraijo Delgado ’81, received an Honorary Doctorate from North Park Theological Seminary. Ed is the President of the Hispanic Center for Theological Studies-CHET after being the Compassion International Director first for South America, then Africa and Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean.
Benjamin Wolf ’86, I currently live and work in Italy as an English teacher and exam prep center administrator.
Craig Christianson ’80, is a second year law student at Ave Maria University in Naples, FL.
Tor Oivind Tanum ’83, has returned to Norway from his position as a counsellor - energy and private sector at the Norwegian Embassy in Abuja, Nigeria for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He is now a senior adviser at the Civil Society Department in the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation. Tor has previously also been posted at the embassies in Angola, South Africa, Zambia and Mozambique.
Martha Irene Stewart De Leon, ’87 passed away in February 2017. Throughout her life Martha worked many jobs including Platt's Pharmacy in Fort Wayne, Indiana, Fashion Merchandising at Maison Blanche in New Orleans, Louisiana and at AT&T - Bell Labs/Lucent as a Market Development/Senior Project Manager/Strategic Marketing Director. A devoted dog owner and dog lover, she was also a world traveler focused on trips of a lifetime such as crossing the Atlantic on the QE2, an archeological dig in Oaxaca, Mexico, a bamboo raft trip down the Li River, Guilin, China, 3rd class rail from Spain to Morocco, a fjord trip to Scandinavia, and many other travels in Europe. A lover of indigenous cultures, colorful, stylish clothes, and fly fishing, she was also a Master SH Yu Martial Arts, an arts teacher (Craft Fairy at Ninja camp) and a talented member of the Process Painting Studio.
Kelly Seibold ’88, passed away January 27, 2018 from cancer. Kelly was a Citizen of the World, having lived and worked in Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, East Jerusalem/West Bank, and Moldova. Most of his work was Technical Assistance in International Development, helping make the lives of the people living in those countries better
Gregory Scott Whitehorn ’82, passed away December 6, 2017 after s short illness in Shanghai China. In recent years, he has worked in leadership, cross cultural business and executive coaching. He was an early pioneer in the American expat community in Shanghai where with John Portman & Associates of Atlanta, he was instrumental in the founding of Shanghai Centre, then the largest joint venture project in China.
Carl Daher Delnero ’80, retired from PepsiCo International and now lives with Sylvia, his wife, in bucolic New Hampshire. He published four Kindle books on Amazon about Liberal Theology, of all things.
Griffith Frost ’80, works for the Hawaii Cooperative Development Center, helping people develop multi-stakeholder cooperatives. CoOp Gym, Noni Juice CoOp, Tea Farm CoOp are all based in Hilo, HI.
Mary Schmitt ’80, I practiced bankruptcy law in Everett, WA for over 25 years. My staff and I assisted over 2000 families save their homes from foreclosure during the 2008 -2013 financial crisis. I had a large client base of recent immigrants to the Pacific Northwest. I enjoyed working with individuals from all races and cultures. I scaled down my law practice in 2016. I now have a small bankruptcy law practice in Friday Harbor, WA. After years of working 12-hour days, I am now enjoying my free time exploring the San Juan Islands with my dog, Keeva.
Linda Jaekel Avery ’80, life is great for us here in beautiful southwestern Colorado, just outside Telluride. There is no more spectacular place to be - with great vistas and the perfect summer climate. I have been an independent real estate broker in this region for the past 15 years. My husband, Doug, and I also like to travel to different areas nationally and internationally, by both sailboat and by land. I am very involved with our Telluride Rotary Club especially coordinating speakers and with our Rotary Youth Exchange students. They are keeping us young, along with our sweet dogs.
Jan Meertens ’81, last March, my second book, “Do We Have A Deal?” was published. The book is in Dutch for Dutch people working with people from other cultures. The book reflects on Dutch culture, the differences with other cultures, and how this works out in negotiations. The Hofstede cultural dimensions are integrated in the Negotiations Disc comprising nine factors such as persons, time orientation, ethics and goals. I plan to publish an international edition “Do We Have A Deal?” in English.
Dan Austin ’81, I just returned to Miami after heading Consumer Marketing for MasterCard in Asia-Pacific. Great region, great people and never a dull moment from India to New Zealand with Singapore as the belly button. I could have lived there forever!
Barbara (Mattie) Mertz ’80, after 35 years of working in the global produce industry, I am getting ready to retire from my current position as Director of Business Administration at David Oppenheimer and Co. My long career has fully utilized many of the skills I learned at Thunderbird and it is always a pleasure to run into a fellow T-bird! Now I am eagerly planning my next career where I look forward to many other adventures outside of the corporate world. I am thankful I have good health and an active lifestyle, as well as a loving family to join me!
Babs Potvin Ryan ’81, received her seventh patent, creating the first direct-to-consumer product for her client, Aflac. Psyched for Success is a tele-psych (Skype-type) sports coaching/psychology service for kids in sports and performing arts. She is an agile management and custom software consultant, receiving ThoughtWorks’ 2016 Outstanding Leadership award. Babs has visited 85 countries, the most recent, Nicaragua and Czech Republic, and lives in Boston's North End. She is also a PSIA certified ski instructor.
Melissa Taylor ’81, as are all the alumnae mentioned in London for years, just had a mini-reunion with housemates Melissa Stoll Santucci ’81 and Dennis Howard ’81 in Dallas, and Cheri Tillman Anderson ’81 in Albuquerque. We still all keep up after 26 years! Some benefits of Thunderbird just keep on going - great friendships!
John Citti ’81, has joined the U.S. Board of URBAN REFUGEES, a non-profit organization addressing the refugee crisis in innovative ways. His day job is running the treasury function at the American Civil Liberties Union.
Tracy Hufford ’82, I teach at the University of Iowa in the Event Planning Certificate program. The certificate program is growing very quickly and I enjoy sharing my passion with engaged college students. I live in Solon, IA and we are blessed to have a granddaughter that lives nearby. Life is good!
Barry Richard ’82, I happily moved from Seattle to Oberlin, OH, with my wife, Carol, sixteen years ago to raise our family. Jack, now 23, and Hannah, 20, are both in college. I was able to remain at Expeditors International, now with 26 years at the company. Thirty-four years total in the global logistics business, and there’s something new every day.
Shelley Blessing Bay ’82, upon graduation, Shelley moved to Los Angeles to work for the stock analysis firm, William O’Neil & Co. Shelley met her husband, Greg, while working for Bill O’Neil, founder of Investor's Business Daily. In 1987, Shelley worked in the commercial satellite contracts organization for Hughes Space and Communications (now Boeing) as the youngest member and the only female on the team at the time. She negotiated international commercial satellite contracts, mostly in Asia. She also negotiated a unique contract to re-boost a stranded Intelsat satellite into its proper orbit via NASA astronauts, and another contract to manufacture the only commercial satellite sold to Russia by an American contractor. She also led the business management team for Boeing Digital Cinema and the operations efforts for the business development organization at Boeing Satellite Systems. Taking early retirement from Boeing, Shelley now enjoys grant writing for nonprofit organizations and real estate projects for The Bay Companies, her husband's real estate business. This year the couple will celebrate their 33rd wedding anniversary.
William Liu ’82, after working in Human Resources for 26 years, I am devoting myself to developing new talents in retirement. We have a weekly gathering with retired executives in Taipei, Taiwan.
Ian McCluskey ’82, for the past couple of years, I have been running the Americas operations from Miami for Thinking Heads, a consulting company based in Madrid, which pioneered the business of personal positioning. We help leaders in business, politics, culture and the arts enhance their reputation and influence by packaging and promoting their ideas through books, op-ed articles, websites, videos, social media posts and speaking engagements. We represent former and aspiring CEOs, as well as a number of ex-presidents, including Vicente Fox, Laura Chinchilla and Felipe Gonzalez.
Jane (Mary Jane Lewis) Lael ’82, I moved to Vilcabamba, Ecuador, in 2010. I continue to work as a freelance writer and editor. I edit books, mostly for a company in Singapore, all books on Asia, mostly China. I teach Chinese to kids here, Chinese originally learned at Thunderbird. My visits to China in 1977 and 1979 with the U.S.-China People’s Friendship Association gave me insight into Ecuador’s developing country status. I edit the summer edition of the U.S.-China Review. My Sister Cities China visit in 2007 showed me just how fast things change! I do massage therapy and Reiki, and distance Reiki as well.
Jonathon “David” Sandler ’83 David was recently featured in the USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Services’ (FSIS) monthly newsletter, The Beacon. A Senior Preparedness and Response Coordinator with the Significant Incident Preparedness and Response Staff (SIPRS), David is part of a team that helps FSIS prepare for emergencies, plan for Continuity of Operations (COOP) and manage the FSIS Food Defense Program that is designed to protect the U.S. food supply from threats. During his 12 years at FSIS, Sandler has principally worked on COOP and the Agency’s Emergency Management Committee, a round-the-clock leadership team that addresses any significant incident. David is married to Hilde Vetters, a native of Belgium, with whom he loves to travel, mostly to visit her extended family in Belgium and their three adult children and six grandchildren in Spain and California. David attended the Thunderbird Graduate School of Global Management where he earned his Master of International Management.
Jerald (Jerry) Veit ’83, I retired from the Commercial Service of the U.S. Department of Commerce after 28 years of employment with the federal government. I still live in Milwaukee and have been keeping busy with volunteer work with Travelers Aid International at Milwaukee's General Mitchell Airport; bookstore volunteer at the Milwaukee Public Library; and tutoring English conversation to a new U.S. resident from Japan at Literacy Services of Wisconsin. My wife and I traveled to France two years ago as part of a group hosted by BLF Editions, which publishes and disseminates Christian literature in the French language.
Donavon Ostrom ’83, I have recently created Arizona Collaboratory, a 501(c)6 economic development non-profit to grow the Arizona economy and create sustainable, high-value jobs for Arizonans. We primarily focus on addressing the funding gap problem in Arizona.
Alison Stern Stilwell ’83, I have been working in the Communications Department of Kiwanis International in Indianapolis, IN for nearly 16 years. Kiwanis is a global service organization with clubs throughout the world.
Gary Geller ’83, has been appointed to Atradius Special Products as head of the London underwriting team. As an industry veteran, Gary brings over 30 years of experience in trade finance, commodity trading and management of commodity-related projects to the new role. He has since led investment projects related to oil trading, shipping and logistics in a trading company and worked on alternative fundraising strategies for trade finance clients across a variety of sectors.
Tom Garrity ’84, and his wife of 35 years, Colleen, are retired. In 2011, they sold their business, Thermshield, a heat sink and cooling product supplier in global electronics industry. Together they recently visited their daughter, Hannah, in Buenos Aires and Montevideo where she lives and teaches English. Great trip!
Rob Lewis ’84, I recently celebrated my 18th year at PDQ Vehicle Wash Systems, a division of OPW, a Dover Corp. Company, located in the Green Bay, Wisconsin area. I am responsible for global sales of automatic vehicle wash equipment, parts and consumables through distribution in Australia, New Zealand, Asia, and Europe.
Ted Wendelin ’84, has retired from the University of Colorado Denver after 21 years, where he taught classes in Spanish for Business and in Translation, with 28 years in the education field overall. He plans to spend time hiking, nordic skiing, sailing, reading, writing, traveling and maybe some more teaching as well.
Zeek Ojeh ’84, is the Chief Financial Officer for the Cartwright School District in Phoenix, Arizona.
Nancy Baldwin Wagner ’84, I spent seven years with the Wenger Corporation in Owatonna, MN as Director, International Sales. I am currently seeking new career opportunities in international business development or sales leadership. I live in the Minneapolis/St Paul area with my husband of 21 years, Al, and two cats, Thelma and Louise.
Doug Beckerman ’85, joined Danforth Advisors last August as a Finance Consultant in the life sciences industry
Gary LeCheminant ’85, after 28 years in the Bay Area, I moved to Utah in January 2014 to become the Finance Director for Highland City. Local government is quite an eye-opener. I am now close to my three children and four grandchildren. It has been great!
Ahmed Dawood ’85, I am semi-retired and living in La Habra, CA with my wife, Seham, and my son, Amr, seven years old. I’m doing some consulting projects for 500 fortune companies for the EMEA region.
James Bogin ’85, I am now in my 20th year of managing my own global hedge fund. I’ve been studying Italian for several years and have gone on several self-guided cycling trips to Italy with my wife. I enjoy keeping in touch with classmates Gary Greenberg ’85, Peter Boardman ’84, and Franco Bove ’84.
Abdul S. (Abe) Khan ’85, I worked as director of marketing for over 20 years. Since then, I have been writing short stories, poems, and creative non-fiction, which were published in two anthologies—“Seasons of Life and Voices from the Ledges.” In his article published in the Lansing State Journal, Ray Walsh depicted my stories as, “thought-provoking.” The Grand Ledge Independent described “A Way of Life Vanished” as, “the heart-wrenching chronicle of the author's family's struggles to escape, to survive, and to narrowly break away from death against the backdrop of India's partition into two countries—India and Pakistan.” Currently, I'm in the process of editing my memoir which, as of now, covers more than 200 pages. I plan to publish it soon.
Daniela Bryan ’85, I have been working extensively with senior leaders, helping them gain clarity, make difficult decisions and lead themselves and others to maximize meaning and fulfillment. Since I am location-independent, I get to travel and connect with clients, friends and family around the world. Most recently, I submitted a proposal to help change global governance through the Global Challenge Foundation.
Kathleen Phibbs-Pierz ’85, is the Practice Development Manager, Global, at JAMS. She works in the New York Resolution Center and recently completed a T-bird’s dream project of working on the Global Pound Conference series. The project organized 31 identical events around the world to discuss Mediation, Arbitration and Access to Justice. Using electronic voting to capture responses from the thousands of participants around the world, a final report will be created with an analysis of where and how Alternative Dispute Resolution is being used and the way forward for countries to increase access to justice.
Karen Baldauff ’85, I am in the midst of transitioning out of purely hi-tech, in part inspired by academic and sustainability talks at the Thunderbird reunion in Mallorca. I've been facilitating success groups in finding meaningful work as I figure out my next creative and international step.
Juris Ulmanis ’85, has lived in Latvia for the past 24 years and is co-founder of Experiential Simulations, an EdTech company that develops and markets computer simulations which help make business topics/courses more interesting and fun for students as well as for professors. Juris is an adjunct professor, teaching marketing and entrepreneurship, an avid mountain climber and polar explorer, having written two books on his experiences. He is also an active member of the volunteer National Guard in Latvia.
Brian Nilsson ’85, I joined the State Department in October 2015 as the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Defense Trade Controls. My directorate is responsible for the U.S. export control system for defense articles and services. I joined the Department from the White House where I was on detail from the Commerce Department for over seven years.
Catherine Curry ’86, is a real estate entrepreneur, a licensed Real Estate agent, investor and property manager specializing in architecturally unique properties. She is also the proud mother of one son.
Claudia Worthington Hess ’86, combined her Thunderbird degree with her long time experience in the fine art market to become a certified professional art appraiser. She uses her business acumen and facility with French, German and Spanish to do research on the art history and the economic trajectory of art. Her company provides valuations for insurance, estate and museum donations. Her company not only provides appraisals in the U.S. but worldwide as well under the name of Hess Art Advisory. She also conducts exciting museum tours and art trips to places like Santa Fe.
Barry Weiss ’86, I'm celebrating 20 years as a residential and multi-family Realtor in Los Angeles with John Aaroe Group, a division of Pacific Union. This year, I sold my 100th property with a cumulative volume of $52.7 million.
Bob Caragher ’86, following an almost 30-year career in higher education administration, I recently transitioned to working in the museum world. This is a welcome change that brings together my professional experience in the not-for-profit sector with a great personal interest in museums and cultural organizations. In December 2016, I was appointed Vice President of Finance and Operations at the Autry Museum of the American West in Griffith Park in Los Angeles. Through its exhibitions and programs, the Autry tells the stories of the peoples of the West in an innovative blend of an art museum and a history museum. The Southwest Museum collection of Native American materials in the care of the Autry is one of the largest such collections in the United States.
Daniel Wagner ’87, published his fourth book - "Virtual Terror" - in August. The book is a comprehensive review of cyber terrorism, redefines what terrorism has become in the 21st century, and provides prescriptions for what we can do to protect ourselves. It is available through Amazon. Daniel is the founder of Country Risk Solutions and a prolific author on current affairs and risk management.
Bob Caines ’87, continues to serve as Managing Partner of Paley Advisors, LLC, the New York-based M&A advisory and global business development firm. In 2016, Bob was elected Chairman of the Board of Directors of CardioComm Solutions, Inc., the Toronto-based developer, marketer and seller of medical software and devices to both the institutional and consumer markets.
Kenneth Strange ’87, I recently launched an international investigative services company (Development Fraud Investigations), that offers risk mitigation services to NGOs and non-profit organizations, although is open to other opportunities. Several Thunderbird students collaborated with us on the launch. How cool is that! Recent work with a UK based NGO found me based in Senegal and visiting country offices in Mali, Niger, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
Maria Houle ’87, after winding down a corporate career in New York and Geneva I returned to the Phoenix area, and for the last nine years I have served as Program Director of the Thunderbird SHARE Fellowship. SHARE provides funding and mentorship to exceptional Thunderbird students from developing countries and I encourage all alumni to get involved.
Stephen Hargreaves ’87, I joined Agilyx Solutions, North America in January 2017 as an Implementation Consultant for Unit4 ERP software. So far, in this new job, I have traveled to Sydney, Australia and the Cook Islands to support local clients. During my Cook Island visit, the managing director of Agilyx New Zealand, whose customer I was assisting, paid me a huge compliment by saying I was not the typical American he had met. He indicated this was due to my world-view and cultural sensitivities. Of course, this is one reason I am a T-bird!
Patrick Holland ’87, and his wife, Pia, and son, Andaman, spent this summer in Eastern Europe. They travelled three weeks in a rented Czech Skoda and traipsed around the Romanian Carpathian Mountains, and stayed a week in Prague and a week in Budapest. It had been 28 years since Patrick worked in Budapest (1988), so it was quite an experience to return after so many years. Currently Patrick and his family live in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Genevieve Salley Athens ’87, I'm currently working at Wake Forest University in the Bioethics Graduate Program, responsible for recruiting more working professionals to complete the Master of Arts in Bioethics. I am also an Autism Advocate and was the Executive Director of the Autism Society of Oregon for nine years. Prior to that, I worked in Marketing and Public Relations in Portland, OR, Silicon Valley and Los Angeles.
Paul Bradley ’87, I was appointed to serve on the B20 Task Force on Employment and Education for the G20 (the annual Heads of State Summit), which was hosted by the German Government. There are five working committees on key policy themes. The meetings spanned a 10- month period beginning with a formulation of strategy meeting at the United Nations (ILO) in Geneva, and concluding with a final meeting and presentation of policy recommendations to Chancellor Angela Merkel and several of her Cabinet Ministers at the B20 Summit in Berlin during May of this year. Separately, at the annual Supply Chain Asia Awards Dinner, I received an Award from the Honourable Teo Ser Luck, the Singapore Government's Minister of State for Manpower (and former Minister of State for Trade and Industry) for 10 years of service on the Board of Supply Chain Asia and contributions to the Supply Chain and Logistics Industry in Asia.
Pamela (Pauline) Jenkins ’88, my Australian husband and I just celebrated 25 years of marriage. We have three children in their early 20s and live on the Northern Beaches of Sydney, Australia. I am a professional Fine Art Photographer. I have now been in Australia for over 20 years.
Reed Ramlow ’88, after serving seven years in overseas posts in Jordan and Vietnam as a “Chief of Party for USAID family planning and HIV programs, and as Country Director in Vietnam for FHI 360, I have recently relocated to the Washington, DC area. I continue to work in a part-time capacity supporting overseas programs, while hoping to spend more time pursuing other interests.
Greg Olson ’88, after spending time this past year re-establishing myself in my hometown of Spooner, WI, I moved back to Egypt to manage a performance management and evaluation project with USAID/Egypt. I’m delighted to be back in Cairo, where I first lived as a graduate student at the American University of Cairo before studying at Thunderbird. I'd enjoy meeting other T-bird alumni in Egypt.
Steven Gan ’88, On August 17th I gave my sixth author speaking event on my book “Making it & Breaking It in Japan- My true Story of Songs, Sins, and Solitary.” The event was held at the Japan America Society of Chicago.
Kevin Chan ’88, after Thunderbird, I was in advertising with Leo Burnett, Grey and Dentsu for over 13 years in Tokyo. Then I worked for Japan’s biggest beauty chain for 12 years managing their Asia operation. Now I’m self- employed in real estate investment in Japan. My latest love is practicing martial arts wing chun style.
Rene ’88 and Michele von Rautenkranz ’88, have returned to Europe after spending 12 years in Asia. Michele accepted a new position with the International Atomic Agency (IAEA) as the Administrative Officer for the department of Nuclear Safety and Security. She is keeping the world safe from all this Atomic threat! Rene continuous running his trading company based in Singapore, representing clients in Asia/Pacific. The big difference is that the distance to visit clients has become a bit longer! They enjoy living in Vienna, recently ranked by the Economist as the second most livable city in the world.
Ann Kunderer Hughes ’88, was appointed as a member of the Technical Advisory Committee for the R2 Standard, third party certification for those who manage end of life computer and other electronic equipment. She has been in the electronics and IT Asset Disposition industry for 20 years, and speaks at industry conferences such as International Association of IT Asset Management and National Property Managers Association about IT asset disposition.
Helmut Kaisergruber ’88, is co-founder and CEO of Astro-Pharma GmbH, a family-owned company specializing in the distribution and trading of pharmaceutical products. Astro-Pharma specializes in innovative and affordable medicines and niche products, which are otherwise difficult to obtain. A year after acquiring the marketing authorization for Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine Td-Pur ® in Austria in 2016, the company increased their international focus by distributing the vaccine to Germany and Italy.
Sabine Möritz-Kaisergruber ’89, co-founder and CEO of Astro-Pharma GmbH, a family-owned company specializing in the distribution and trading of pharmaceutical products, was appointed first president of the newly founded Austrian Biosimilars Association in 2016. The association works to ensure a positive regulatory and political as well as policy environment for biosimilar products and helps to educate both public and patients about the effectiveness and savings potential of biosimilars. Astro-Pharma GmbH spotted the potential of biosimilars early on by putting a greater focus on the distribution of these products and is a proud member of the Austrian Biosimilars Association.
Diana Cowan Morrow ’89, in February I joined Risk Removal, an environmental services company in Colorado as the CFO/COO.
Jane Hamilton ’89, lives in Nokomis, FL.
David R. Morse ’89, I have just had a new book published: “Divided We Stand: Racism in America from Jamestown to Trump.”
Taide Guajardo ’89, is currently living in Geneva, Switzerland, and going strong after 27 years working for Procter & Gamble right out of Thunderbird via Mexico, Poland and Italy. She is the head of Europe Brand Operations. She is happily married to Marco, an Italian she met in Poland in true T-bird style, and has two sons, Federico (20) and Leonardo (17).
Ingo F. Schreiber ’89, Managing Director of schreiber-weinert.de in Hannover, Germany, sells business equipment worldwide and in such remote areas as Mongolia. A warehouse project has recently been finished in the Gobi desert. Fifty tons of material were shipped more than 8000 km by the Trans Siberian Railway.
Steven Perkinson ’89, I recently trained (Factory Product Sales Training) at the KION Group in South Carolina on the Linde forklifts and was awarded my certificate by none other than a fellow T-bird: Mark Roessler ’77 .
Lisa Woods Ploeg ’89, has joined Baylor Scott & White Health in Dallas, Texas as Leadership Development Program Manager. Baylor Scott & White Health is the largest not-for-profit health care system in Texas and one of the largest in the United States. Lisa will be developing and managing leadership programs to serve the entire system.
Julie Johnson ’89, is celebrating 27 years of living in The Netherlands with her Dutch artist husband Lieuwe Kingma and two teenage children! She founded JJC, a fast-growing global coaching services business (executive coaching, developing a coaching culture, developing leaders who coach, coaching teams). This is our new purpose statement. “We are passionate about turning everyday conversations into game-changing ones.” We welcome your feedback.
Michael Laurie ’89, in March of 2017, I joined Fifth Third Bank as a Managing Director, Head of Food and Agribusiness Group. Prior to joining Fifth Third Bank, I built and managed a food, agribusiness, and beverage corporate banking group at BB&T Capital Markets from September of 2012 to February of 2017. Both positions are located in Chicago, Illinois.
Carlos Cortes '96, - T-Bird Class of January, 1962, has been a diversity consultant and lecturer since taking early retirement as a history professor at the University of California, Riverside, in 1994. In addition, he is currently co-director of the UCR School of Medicine's new Health Equity, Social Justice, and Anti-Racism curriculum. He also continues to work with Nickelodeon cable network, where he has served as the creative/cultural advisor of a number of children's shows, including "Dora the Explorer" and "Go, Diego, Go!".
Andreas Sigl ‘95 - Andreas is the Global Director Partnerships at Philip Morris International, Switzerland.
Matt Laukaitis ’93 - was appointed EVP and Global General Manager, Consumer Industries at SAP where he leads a global team responsible for SAP’s performance, solutions, go to market, and customer success for 6 industries – Agribusiness, Retail, Consumer Products, Wholesale Distribution, Life Sciences and Healthcare. Matt also serves on the boards of the Fashion Scholarship Fund as well as The Runway of Dreams Foundation.
Sasha Ablitt '93 - Ablitt's Fine Cleaners & Tailors, an environmentally friendly cleaning business dedicated to protecting the planet as well as its customer’s clothes, is a finalist for the 2020 Global Best Practices Award in retail textile cleaning. Hosted by the Netherlands-based Comité International De L`Entretien du Textile (CINET), an international organization representing the textile industry, the awards program showcases trailblazing professional laundry and dry cleaning operations from around the world, with an emphasis on sustainability. As a finalist, Ablitt’s will present the company’s achievements on Nov. 4 before association judges and hundreds of participants representing 45 countries from around the world.
Philip E. Graham '96 - Philip is the Senior Vice President of External Relations for American Private Radio, a national non-profit media company that uses its unique storytelling radio show to unify the American public through positivity and a knowledge of history.
Scott Garner ’99 - Scott was appointed as the Chief Executive Officer for Asia Environmental Holdings Group (Asia ENV Group). Scott joined Asia ENV Group in 2018 and is responsible for providing strategic business guidance and leading all business development efforts throughout the Asia-Pacific. Prior to joining Asia ENV Group, Scott spent 8 years as Vice President (Asia-Pacific) at Hi-Vac Corporation, a world leader in providing environmental technologies and products to municipalities and industrial facilities worldwide. Scott also currently serves as Board Member of the Asia Association of Environmental Professionals (AAEP) and Board Member of the Association of Asia Environmental Services Companies (AAESC). In addition, Scott works with some of the world’s leading academic institutions and publishers in promoting academic research and publishing on environmental matters in the Asia-Pacific. Most recently, Scott was appointed to the Editorial Board of River Publishers, Denmark’s leading publisher of academic journals. Scott serves on the Editorial Board of the series on Chemical, Environmental, and Energy Engineering. In addition to an MBA from Thunderbird, Scott has an MTax and JD from Georgia State University and is a Certified Public Accountant.
Frederick Guanich ’98 - Since graduating from Thunderbird, Frederick has worked in Argentina, followed by New York, Mexico, Uruguay and is now located in Houston and is the Treasurer for Tricon International, Ltd.
Ted Raad ’96 - Ted was appointed as the Chief Executive Officer for Pulmatrix. Ted joined Pulmatrix in 2017 as Chief Business Officer to provide strategic business guidance and lead all business development efforts, which resulted in a partnership with Cipla Technologies for the development and commercialization of Pulmazole. Ted brings more than 20 years of experience, including executive leadership roles at Option Care and Sunovion Pharmaceuticals.
Anabel Cuadros Yeiser ’94 - Anabel is a certified Spanish court interpreter working for U.S. Immigration and the District Court.
Kevin Glynn ’90 - Kevin recently was awarded the 2019 CIO Innovator of the Year award at the SIM Chicago’s Spring Gala. Kevin is the Chief Information Officer at DSC Logistics. He is responsible for all information technology including IT operations, new system developments and telecommunications. He leads the IT team in leveraging information technology to enable optimization across the enterprise and deliver innovative solutions to DSC’s customers.
Jack Kelly ’98- Jack passed away in Bangkok after a tough battle with stage 4 kidney cancer. Before attending Thunderbird, Jack graduated from Villanova University with a bachelor’s degree in English Literature.
Sean Deason ’95- Sean was appointed to the role of Chief Financial Officer at WABCO Holdings Inc. Sean joined WABCO in June 2015 and served as Vice President, Investor Relations and Controller. Prior to joining WABCO, Sean spent four years with Evraz N.A., where he was Vice President, Financial Planning & Analysis. Prior to that, he spent twelve years with Lear Corporation where he served as Director, Finance, Corporate Business Planning & Analysis, Director, Finance, Asia Pacific Operations, Assistant Treasurer, as well as holding other positions of increasing responsibility from August 1999.
Mitchell Slape ’94- Mitchell was recently appointed as CEO of Massmart, subsidiary of Walmart, in South Africa. Massmart owns Builders Warehouse, Makro, Game, Jumbo Cash and Carry and Dion Wired. Mitchell join Walmart in 1995 and has worked in a variety of senior roles within Walmart most recently as the interim President and CEO for Walmart Japan.
Pedro Soares ’93- Pedro has been appointed as the Chief Executive Officer of Sherpa. Pedro joined Sherpa in October 2018 as the Chief Strategy Officer, adding to the company’s extensive expertise more than 20 years of international leadership experience, including growing businesses and developing brands at Anheuser-Busch and Turnberry.
Lloyd Diamond ’92- Lloyd has been appointed to the role of Chief Executive Officer of Pixium Vision. Lloyd brings with him 25 years of experience in the life science industry. Lloyd most recently served as the CEO of Precise Light Surgical, a commercially ready medical device company in Silicon Valley. Prior to that, he was the CEO of Bonesupport AB, a European orthobiologic company, where he drove rapid market penetration in Europe and the US which led to a successful IPO on the NASDAQ OMX in Stockholm.
Christopher Boone ’92- Christopher was recently appointed as the Chief Financial Officer of National Energy Services Reunited Corp., a national, industry-leading provider of integrated energy services in the Middle East and North Africa and Asia Pacific regions. Christopher has over 25 years of industry experience including advising private equity transactions and previously served as Chief Financial Officer at Tesco Corporation and Chief Financial Officer at Lufkin Industries.
Rob Marandino ’90- Rob currently consults in NYC providing marketing strategy and financial road maps for venture capital firms seeking go-to-market plans for direct-to-consumer health & wellness brand investment/acquisitions. He helped scale start-up and early stage brands by increasing brand awareness, quality lead generation and conversion, multimedia creative production, and both paid and earned media management. Since graduating T-Bird in December 1990, Rob has held several Chief Marketing Officer and VP Marketing positions in the health, wellness, fitness, diet/nutrition, and medical device spaces, including: VP Marketing, Sono Bello Body Contouring Centers; VP Marketing, Marketing Architects; Chief Marketing Officer, Therative Medical Device; Chief Marketing Officer, Fig Body Shaping Centers; Chief Marketing Officer, TrimSpa, Chief Marketing Officer, GoodTimes Entertainment (Billy Blanks); VP Marketing, Weider Nutrition.
Kristen Moore ‘94- Kristen recently joined the leadership team at inVia Robotics as Chief Marketing Officer. Kristen brings more than 20 years of experience, most recently serving as chief marketing officer and head of e-commerce at LifeSeasons. At LifeSeasons, she was responsible for building the brand and e-commerce business. She previously served in various leadership roles at Demand Media, FedEx, AT&T and Lucent Technologies.
Julianne O’Dwyer ‘99- Julianne is a personal health coach. Over the holidays, she traveled to Nepal where she visited a monkey temple, kings palaces, spiritual place Gupta, rode an elephant & saw rhinos & crocodiles. To see her travels and adventure visit her website trekkingwithjulianne.com.
Kelli Johnson ’98- Kelli was recently recognized by Continental Who's Who as a Pinnacle Lifetime Member in the field of Human Resources in recognition of her role as Owner of KJ HR Consulting. With over 22 years of experience in Human Resources, Kelli has set herself far apart from her competition. She has extensive expertise in Business Strategy, Strategic Workforce Planning, Global Agility, Change Management, Organizational Development and Design, Systems Implementations, Talent Assessment, and Succession Planning. Her exquisite customer service has allowed her to remain at the top of her field for decades.
Amanda Hayes ‘91- Amanda has joined the Board of Directors at Veterans Recovery Resources. Veterans Recovery Resources is a community-based non-profit organization that serves Veterans, their families, caregivers and survivors.Amanda has 30 years of marketing strategy, communications and program management experience in the consulting services, technology start-up and non-profit industries. She spent 18 years working and contracting with Accenture in London, Toronto and the U.S. and is currently a co-owner of MFH Consulting in Atlanta, Georgia. Amanda is passionate about raising awareness of the issues facing our Veteran community across the nation, all of whom have so selflessly served our country. She joins the board after volunteering her services full-time for nearly three years.
Doug Tilden ’90- Doug was appointed as the Chief Financial Officer at Grow Financial Federal Credit Union. Doug previously was with Chase Auto, a division of JPMorgan Chase & Co. in New York City, where he served as executive director and head of treasury and profitability management, a position with a wide range of responsibilities including portfolio funding, capital, liquidity, profitability management and reporting, business development support, as well as annual investments in information technology. He was also CFO for Chase Auto’s direct-to-consumer lending business.
Michael Krafft ‘92 Managing Director of M&A Media Group was appointed to the organization’s Board of Directors as its Treasurer.
Jeffery Whitcomb ‘92- Our family moved to Huntington Beach, CA and I joined Mitsubishi UFJ to lead their construction and industrial commercial asset finance growth. My work is primarily in Southern California and I am working more and more with sustainability initiatives. Increasingly lease financing can be used by OEMs and installers to turn money savings from more efficient lighting, HVAC and the like into FREE upgrades of these systems for large corporations. Our six children are now ages 14 to 22.
Oscar Verges ‘95- Oscar was promoted to President and COO of Fall Creek Farms & Nursery Inc.
Randall Jackson ‘97- Randallconcluded an 11-year career with Saudi Aramco where he was employed in the Contracting Department as a supervisor overseeing procurements and developing systems to facilitate the Supply Chain transition of the world’s largest oil company. He has mentored many, procured billions in services, and launched doctoral studies. He will be in residence at the Grenoble Ecole de Management until Mid-December where I will avail myself to academia and seek to defend my doctoral dissertation. Randall and his wife will be returning to Frisco, Texas, to uncover new adventures and challenges yet to come.
Andreas Wolf ‘98- Andreas was recently appointed as President at EyePromise. EyePromise provides supplements, technology and support to enhance and protect vision. Andreas previous employment includes Novus International and Young Dental, where he was vice president and general manager. In his new role, he will be responsible for EyePromise’s business operations and growth strategies.
Kelly Jones ‘98- Kelly Jones launched Notes of Wine perfumes inspired by the scents of a variety of wines. Her wine-inspired fragrance collection includes six Eau de Parfum varietals — Notes of Pinot Grigio, Riesling, Chardonnay, Merlot, Cabernet and Rosé. This summer, she is also launching a roll-on Reserve Collection and an air freshener line.
Derek Miller ‘93- Derek Miller has been named president of the International Housewares Association. Currently the vice president of global marketing at International Housewares Association he will assume the role of president Oct. 1. Derek joined IHA in December 1999 as director of international business development, and was named vice president of international services in October 2001. He led IHA’s international department until March 2014 when he was named vice president, global marketing.
Katarina Dempsey ‘93- Katarina has joined Boyden, a premier global talent advisory and leadership solutions firm, as Principal. Katarina most recently served as Global Practice Director at a major global search firm, where she contributed to successfully growing the firm’s Supply Chain & Operations Practice by 30% over three years, primarily in the industrial, consumer and financial sectors. She has also served in senior management roles with McKinsey & Company, Boston Consulting Group and AIG in the U.S., France and Austria.
Kyle Volluz ‘91- As of July 15, Kyle Volluz was named Executive Vice President and General Counsel of Paceline Equity Partners, a newly-formed private equity fund based in Dallas, Texas. Kyle was most recently Managing Director and Regional General Counsel with Hudson Advisors, L.P. (“Hudson”), an asset management affiliate of Lone Star Funds (“Lone Star”) since 2009. Previously, Kyle was Senior Vice President for Goldman Sachs Specialty Lending Group, an affiliate of Goldman, Sachs & Co., a position he held from 2005 to 2009. Earlier in his career, Kyle was an attorney with Baker Botts L.L.P. and Thompson & Knight LLP, where he supported clients in various types of commercial banking transactions, mergers and acquisitions, private and public securities offerings and debt financing transactions. Kyle served as a member of the board of directors of Continental Building Products, Inc. (NYSE: CBPX) from February 2014 to March 2016 and currently serves as a member of the board of directors of Forterra, Inc. (Nasdaq: FRTA) and Foundation Building Materials, Inc. (NYSE: FBM).
Sonia Patterson ’98 was named the President and CEO of TearFund USA June 1, 2018. Tearfund USA is a Christian a global humanitarian relief and development organization combating global poverty and injustice. Sonia brings 20 years of senior leadership experience in developing business, non-governmental and community relations in the United States, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa and Asia. Her career includes nine years working in strategic financial management with World Vision, followed by five years as CEO and President of Five Talents, a Christian micro-enterprise development organization.
Kevin Gahwyler ’93 joined Navy Capital Management, LLC on May 1, 2018 as the President and CFO. Navy is the very first cannabis hedge fund. They have had incredible success and it is my job to take them to the next level as an institutional firm. I have been an incredibly lucky man to have the great kids and friends I have been fortunate enough to have in my life. In addition to my career and my friends and my great memories at Thunderbird some of my proudest moments have come in competing in ironman distance races. I was lucky enough to actually win the Master’s division of one many moons ago; but the best one was crossing the finish line at Ironman NYC with my two kids beaming knowing all the trials and tribulations that I overcame day and still finish in top 10%.
Joseph A. Hostler ’92, of Lititz, PA passed away suddenly from a heart attack in Orlando, FL on January 22, 2018 at the age of 51. In his professional life, Joe managed the Latin American Region and the UK/Ireland for many companies, primarily in the flooring and building products industries. He worked for Armstrong, Stonehard, BASF, and Keene Building Products. Joe was an avid photographer, he spoke five languages (English, Spanish, Portuguese, German, and French), and traveled to 52 countries.
Timothy Tribbett ‘94, died suddenly at his home on February 13th. After a career working in international finance for several corporations, Tim owned and operated a commercial sign business in Denver. Tim was proud of his pioneer roots in Yuma, Colorado and enjoyed hiking, camping, and hunting.
Jarad Carleton ‘99, is now the Industry Principal for Frost & Sullivan's European cybersecurity market research practice. Based in Austria, he will lead the direction of the practice and provide a European perspective on cybersecurity issues impacting every industry in the region.
Jim Surek ’92, a 25 year industry veteran has been appointed Chief Commercialization Officer at Stimwave. Stimwave LLC is a medical device manufacturer and independent research institute headquartered in South Florida.
Christine Wilkins ’93, passed away on January 16, 2018 following a brief illness. She dedicated her career to social development in Angola, Sudan, Jordan and Afghanistan. She promoted women’s rights by meeting with world leaders to imiprove education and economic enterprise for women. During a time of conflict in Afghanistan, she worked with Afghan women entrepreneurs, at great risk to both herself and them, to empower them to improve their lives and the lives of their families.
Dan Rabil '94, our family has been in Baar, Switzerland since 2009. Our five children are all still in local schools and feeling quite "native." I recently switched careers from golden beverages (beer) to actual gold. I now manage the local subsidiary of Royal Gold, Inc., a US-listed precious metals royalty and streaming company. Though I was not one of Herr Penrose's star German students, the language foundation has been very beneficial and makes me think of Thunderbird often!
Erik van der Schaft ’96, has founded CONIA, the Confederation of Independent Athletics
CONIA uses sports to create sporting, social, cultural and economic opportunities for ethnic minorities around the world. CONIA will organize the first global Unity Games in 2019 and has set up a training and development program for (young) athletes and sports associations, an ethical athlete agency and management firm and a global athlete network.
Catherine Cook LaCour ’97, has been named Chief Marketing Officer of Blackbaud, Inc., the world’s 24th largest cloud software company.
Amy Barone ’90, has a new poetry collection, “We Became Summer,” from New York Quarterly Books, which will be released in 2018.
Soon-Yong Kwon ’90, since 2012 I have been working as COO of LHH (Lee Hecht Harrison) KOREA. LHH is the world’s leading integrated Career Transition and Talent Development Company in over 60 countries. Recently I participated in the annual Asia Region Meeting in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, for the discussion of better sales development focusing on the clients, mainly Fortune 500 companies.
Steve Syrmopoulos ’90, claim to fame: I used to be the bouncer at the PUB, LOL! I just wanted to let you know that I completed my Ph.D. in Financial Management earlier this year at Northcentral University, and now it’s Dr. Steve Syrmopoulos!
Aleksandra (Aleks) Lubavs ’91, I was promoted this year to vice president, global field marketing for NCR Corporation. I manage a global team of marketing professionals across multiple industries. I am still based in London, and I am thrilled to continue to support Thunderbird through the Thunderbird Executive Leadership Council (TELC) and the Student/Alumni Mentorship program.
René van Baardewijk ’91, In August, Robert Falco ’91,Eric Kufel ’92, and I had a reunion in Sterling Alaska where Eric (Alaskan) has a summerhouse. While fishing, kayaking and hiking we were able to add new memories to our 25-year friendship that started at Thunderbird and has remained very strong ever since.
Kathryn Ang ’91, joined Korn Ferry as Senior Client Partner, she is joining the firm in its Singapore office, where she will work to develop the firm’s consumer offering. She brings more than 20 years of experience to the role, with a background including a mix of both executive search and industrial jobs on her resume.
Mario Zaldivar ’91, has diversified his products and services. His firm opened offices in Morelia, México City and Houston, Texas. They provide services such as auditing, taxes, accounting, outsourcing payroll for expats. Another division of their group is the sale of LED screens in the U.S.
Lisa Tanen-La Fontaine ’91, is Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer at LIMRA.
Leslie Hilleman ’91, I am Broadcast Relations Manager for Adstream. I live in Golden, CO. After several international positions I now just travel to Canada and throughout the U.S. for work. International travel is for pleasure. I miss the T-bird rugby crowd!
Sanjeev Chowdhury ’91, completed his five and a half year term as Consul General of Canada in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in January, 2017. He took a six-month sabbatical to study at the Sorbonne in Paris and is now back at the Global Affairs Canada headquarters in Ottawa, Ontario, where he has assumed the position of Head of the Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement Task Force.
Terry Rosenbluth ’91, I've been in Luxembourg for 23 years and am now Director of Business Development for Morningstar Benelux having joined the company five years ago after 20 years with ThomsonReuters. I am married to a Frenchwoman and our only daughter is starting at McGill University this fall, which is the start of a whole new adventure.
Adrienne Pierce ’91, is crazy about renewable energy and sustainability. Currently, she is the Director of Product Marketing at IronRidge, a manufacturer of racking systems for mounting solar panels and she is also on the Board of Directors for RE-volv, an innovative nonprofit that crowdfunds to enable other nonprofits to go solar!
Samir Kumar ’92, was a delegate of Governor Clement Otter of Idaho's trade mission to Beijing and Shanghai to explore business opportunities in China. He is based in Hong Kong where he runs his China food import and market access consultancy, Sino Hero Foods.
Sunder Kimatrai ’92, recently stepped down from his role as EVP Asia Pacific for Twentieth Century Fox International ending a 24-year career there starting right after Thunderbird, which took him to India, Singapore and Australia. He and his wife, Saira, currently reside in Sydney with their children Aysha (21), Shazia (20), and Jai (13), and most recently visited Thunderbird for the 70th Anniversary celebration, along with Jai, who is, hopefully, a future T-bird.
Sven Thorslund ’92, has assumed the role of Vice President of Sales and Product Strategy, Travel Assistance at Generali Global Assistance. Sven will develop and implement sales, account management, product, and marketing strategies to expand the company's comprehensive portfolio of travel assistance services.
Brendan McInerney ’92, who is head of Risk Analytics Europe at HSBC, recently completed the Fastnet yacht race from the UK to Ireland and back, to raise funds for the UKSA charity.
Musharraf Khan ’92, I have worked in North America, Middle East, and South Asian countries in various senior management positions with major FMCG (fast-moving consumer goods) companies, multinational corporations, and international development organizations. My last position was as advisor to Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (Etisalat) in United Arab Emirates. Retiring in 2011, presently I am living in Dhaka with my wife, Zakia.
David Sanchez ’93, is semi-retired and living in Hawaii. He is also substitute teaching and managing his mainland house through Airbnb.
David Wittenberg '93, has joined the Indian School of Management and Entrepreneurship in Mumbai as professor of entrepreneurial innovation.
Katherine Brucker ’93, has been a Foreign Service Officer with the Department of State since 1994. In July, she finished a three-year assignment as Deputy Chief of Mission in Libreville, Gabon, and in August moved to Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire to take up duties as Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy there.
Michael Adams '93, is a director with PwC in Eurasia, focusing on international financial institutions and regional M&A and valuation advisory. He lives with his wife, Olga, and their two children Victor (16) and Kathleen (13) in Astana, Kazakhstan.
Jeff Smith ’93, is enjoying his new adventure leading Backroads biking trips in California and also actively advises technology companies through the Tech Futures Group in Berkeley. He continues life-long learning and is finishing an environmental sustainability certificate program at UC Berkeley. His wife, Tami, is working at their community arts center. Kids Shelby and Casey are thriving in Boulder, CO and San Luis Obispo, CA.
Patrick Galvin ’94, this year, my wife Ellen Galvin and I are celebrating our 15th wedding anniversary and 15th year in business as owners of The Galvanizing Group, a marketing communications company in Portland, OR. My new book, “The Connector's Way: A Story About Building Business One Relationship at a Time” has sold nearly 10,000 copies since its release last year.
Jesse Lunsford ’94, is a real estate developer in Austin, TX.
Achim Gutknecht ’94, works as Operations Finance Director in Zurich /Switzerland for an Australian packaging company.
Louisa Elder ’94, Manager, Global Trade Compliance and Trade Agreements for AbbVie, a biopharmaceutical company, is busy with USTR and EU trade re-negotiations, updates and Brexit. Based in the Chicagoland area, she has been traveling to the EU and been a leader in reaching out to industry across the globe to educate and advocate within the realm of global free trade agreements. She most recently gave broad-FTA training via webex to some in the UK government. She also has responsibility for ‘everything’ origin within her company, requiring deep supply chain knowledge.
Mark Field ’95, is Branch Manager and Senior Loan Officer for Geneva Financial and received the Mortgage Loan Originator of the Year award from the Arizona Real Estate Journal. Mark has worked in the mortgage industry for 18 years serving as an underwriter, loan officer and branch manager. He has made significant contributions to the State of Arizona including restoring over 70 memorials at the Arizona State Capitol.
Andreas Sigl ’95, has joined Burson-Marsteller in Switzerland as Managing Director, Geneva and as Member of the Executive Board. He is also working as Strategic Advisor at the International Olympic Committee to keep the Olympic Games relevant for future youth audiences. Previously, Andreas was the Director for Nissan’s brand and sponsorship strategy worldwide, and as Global Director Infiniti Formula One he was responsible for the partnership with Red Bull Racing in Formula One across all Infiniti markets. In this capacity, he took a major worldwide project from concept to four consecutive F1 World Championships. Andreas lives at Lake Geneva, Switzerland with his wife and their sons.
Nicola Hartmann ’95, is CEO for Youth On Their Own. A nonprofit helping youth experiencing homelessness stay in school and graduate from high school.
Mark Field ’95, was selected for the 2017 Arizona Veterans Hall of Fame. Mark is a U.S. Navy Submarine Veteran. He received the 2017 Mortgage Loan Originator of the Year.
Eric Stoen ’95, I’m a travel writer with three kids (7, 9 and 11). I’ve taken my kids to 47 countries and all seven continents and write/photograph to inspire others to travel with their kids as well. Forbes just named me the world’s 4th most influential traveler. I’m an ambassador for AFAR, Travelocity, Universal Orlando and Thomson Family Adventures.
Alison Sturdevant Miller ’95, is Product Manager, Dispensers ESSITY.
Bryan Rice ’95, my tourism company - San Francisco Movie Tours - just celebrated its 10-year anniversary of providing memorable tours to famous movie locations all over San Francisco. I also recently ventured into the world of cross-cultural exchange between the U.S. and China with 21st Century International Cultural Exchange (USChinaExchange.com). In an effort to share what I learned at Thunderbird, I have also been teaching international marketing courses at the University of Phoenix for almost 15 years. Both of my daughters are now officially in high school at Alameda HS in California.
Brian Beeghly ’96, is co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Informed360, a technology company focused on supporting effective ethics and compliance programs. Brian was recently recognized by Compliance Week as a Top Mind 2017 for his work in the area of ethical leadership and his vision for Informed360. He currently lives in Milwaukee, WI with his wife and three daughters.
Gregory Simmons ’96, is the senior vice president of sales for Amplifire in the company's higher education and test prep division. Greg, with his 20 years' experience in higher education and educational technology, will be responsible for the growth and strategic direction of AmplifireAdvanced Education, which partners with colleges and universities on curriculum innovation and student analytics resulting in higher retention rates.
Alberto Cipriano ’96, Oh Crepes! Founder and CEE, I have put on hold a very rewarding global leadership career in manufacturing, production and service sectors. Trepidation aside, and with calculated risk, I have combined my passion for food and operational excellence. Oh Crepes! Bistro to Go is the first launch from a handful of highly creative ideas in the food and beverage industry that fulfills a need in a niche market of a growing and evolving prepackaged gourmet meal segment. RusticaCocina is the parent company where all these ideas are taking shape, and with time, becoming a reality.
Kim Lee Ozawa ’96, designs jewelry for numerous hit TV Shows and Films. Her handmade jewelry has been purchased by customers from 26 countries, and counting, and has been featured in Huffington Post and several issues of Lucky Magazine. Her TV show and film clients (past and present) include Grey’s Anatomy, 90210, Scandal, How To Get Away With Murder and many other popular TV shows.
Greg Fitzgerald ’96, is Chairman of Cyberforce Security LLC (www.cyberforcesecurity.com) a global cybersecurity reseller and Managed Services Provider. Cyber protection is paramount in today’s world. Cyberforce represents the best of the next generation cyber products, which Greg helped build from idea to over $1.5B valuation, called Cylance Inc.
Marnee Reiley ’96, is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Irvine, CA, who loves seeing clients in her private practice. She spends much of her free time training her Labradoodle puppy, Luigi, to be able to join her in sessions as a therapy dog.
Elizabeth Painter ’96, I completed my Ph.D. in Ethnochoreology at the Irish World Academy of Music & Dance at the University of Limerick this year.
Adam Falkoff ’97, was recently named, for his close ties to the White House, the Congress, and Fortune 100 Corporate CEOs, to the Power 100 List - a list of Washington, D.C.'s 100 most powerful and influential people.
Dimitry Polyntsev ’97, recently moved to Darien, CT with his wife, Anne, and three young children. Dimitry works for Mylan N.V. in New York City as head of Branded BD, and will soon celebrate a three-year anniversary with the company.
Kristi Meyer Walsh '97, is a communications consultant for Arizona Public Service. She started in October 2016. She was previously the Assistant Executive Director for the Arizona Exposition & State Fair.
Chelle Johnson ’97, Ann Bozick ’98 and Marianna Hynson ’97 recently got together in Denver, CO. The three are a part of a T-bird women's group of seven that graduated in 1996-1998! Ann was visiting from Pittsburgh and Marianna and Chelle live in the Denver area. The seven try to get together once a year.
Brett Marx ’97, I am an accountant for the Manitowoc County, Wisconsin Recycling Center and a tax professional for H&R Block. I volunteer for the Autism Society of the Lakeshore and am looking forward to our annual 5K and 10K Ugly Sweater Run on November 11!
Bo Herbst ’98, Heidrick & Struggles a provider of executive search, leadership consulting and culture shaping services worldwide, has appointed Bo to lead its Industrial Practice worldwide as Global Practice Managing Partner. Bo “will lead Heidrick's global Industrial Practice in further enhancing our impact with clients, leveraging a global network of experienced consultants and complementary leadership services," said Krishnan Rajagopalan, Acting President and CEO.
Melissa Conforti ’98, has spent the past year skiing around the world with Ski7, a fundraiser for Pancreatic Cancer research. She also launched her executive and life coaching business www.conforticoach.com. She currently lives in San Jose, CA and spends her free time with her boyfriend, Marco, her daughter, Cece (15), AFS Exchange student from Italy, Chiara (17), and their two dogs, Alfie and ChaCha, enjoying the California coast, hiking trails and wine country.
Mel Jackson ’98, our T-bird classmates, Eric ’99 and Susan Zimmerman-Peter ’99 and Sergio Ilic ’98 and his wife, Becky, joined me and my wife, Lucie Jackson ’97, in Sun Valley, ID for an eclipse-watching weekend.
Joseph Urso ’99, was appointed in July as Director of GM International Operation’s Corporate Development, Mergers & Acquisitions covering the Asia Pacific, Southeast Asia, India Subcontinent, Middle-East and Africa regions.
Mayur Bawa '03 - was appointed Vice President of Corporate Development at SEKO.
Cody Sutton ’03 - Cody is the Government Relations Manager at Shell.
Chris O’Neill ’00 - Chris passed away May 28th. Chris was a Strategy Manager and Advisor specializing in Economic Development with expertise in trade, import, and export issues. Chris worked internationally for much of his career including positions with the Qatar Financial Center, the Abu Dhabi Department of Economic Development, Venture Middle East, and posts in Saudi Arabia and Egypt with International Development Ireland. He was an active volunteer with the American Chamber of Commerce in Abu Dhabi and the Khalifa Fund for International Development as well as and a mentor with INJAZ-UAE. Chris was a high school football player, a collegiate rower, and an avid rugby player and coach.
Darrell Edwards ’09 – Darrell was recently promoted to Chief Operating Officer and Senior VP at La-Z-Boy. Darrell joined La-Z-Boy in 2004 and has held positions of increasing responsibility, most recently as Senior Vice President and Chief Supply Chain Officer, where he is responsible for all La-Z-Boy Branded manufacturing, Regional Distribution Centers, Research & Development, S&OP Planning, procurement, the La-Z-Boy branded business customer experience and after-market operations/services. In his expanded role, Edwards will lead the company’s international manufacturing operations, including its joint venture in Thailand.
Paola Nealon ’05 - Paola recently became a shareholder of Meketa Investment Group (Meketa), a global investment consulting and advisory firm. This firm is entirely employee-owned and now has a total of 57 shareholders. Paola serves as a consultant for public and private funds, in addition to Taft-Hartley plans. She is a member of the firm’s Global Macroeconomic/Tactical Asset Allocation Committee.
John Dunning ’03- John has been appointed as the President of Recall Masters, Inc. He brings more than two decades of experience to Recall Masters as an entrepreneur, investor, and operational executive. His expertise ranges from founding CEO at Confident Financial Services (now DigniFi), currently the leading auto repair financing solution, to serving as a critical team member in several San Francisco-based software start-ups, to working as a venture capitalist. He also founded and served as CEO of two Boulder, Colorado-based technology start-ups and has served as an advisor to several software businesses. Most recently, John ran San Juan Vacation Ventures, LLC, the largest vacation rental management agency in the San Juan Islands, northwest of Seattle.
Tay Kim ’01- Tay Kim was recently appointed to the Chief of MSCI’s Korea Unit. Tay has 20 years of experience working in the financial industry. She was formerly a managing director and head of institutional business for Franklin Templeton Investment Trust Management, advising government institutions, pension funds, insurance companies, banks and other corporations for 13 years. Previously, Tay held senior roles at Citibank Korea and SK Securities and spent time as a research analyst at UBS Warburg Securities.
Revathi Advaithi ‘05- Revathi was named Chief Executive Officer of Flex, the Sketch-to-Scale solutions provider that designs and builds intelligent products globally. Prior to Flex, Revathi was President and Chief Operating Officer for the Electrical Sector business for Eaton, a power management company with over $20 billion in sales, 102,000 employees and a market capitalization in excess of $33 billion. She also had corporate responsibility for the Europe, Middle East and Africa region. She managed the largest of Eaton’s businesses, consistently delivering high margins, while reducing earnings volatility.
Cheryl Zelenak ‘02- Cheryl was recently appointed as the Vice President of Marketing at Advanced Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery. Cheryl joins Advanced Dermatology with more than 15 years of experience in all aspects of marketing, including brand management, strategy, public relations, consumer research, and outreach via digital, social, electronic and print media, as well as local community marketing. Most recently, she was Director of Marketing for Colonial Management Group, a leading provider of addiction treatment and recovery services. She also worked at Orlando-Laconia Harley-Davidson, Darden Restaurants, Hasbro, and Hormel.
Daniel Etulain ‘03- Daniel Etulain has been named Asia Sales Manager for Chore-Time. In his new position, Daniel will be responsible for overseeing Chore-Time product sales for the Asia Pacific region through existing regional sales managers and the company’s distributor network. He will also be helping to develop and execute new initiatives for increasing Chore-Time’s growth and market share in the region. Daniel joins Chore-Time bringing nearly 20 years of experience with dealer development and sales management for heavy-duty trucks, agricultural commodities and grain handling equipment in southeastern Asia and Australia.
Yalman Ansari ’07- Chapter Leader Pakistan, met with Thunderbird's Professor Dr. Mary Sully De Luque, who was in Islamabad early this year for a series of invited talks and research meetings. It was so wonderful to recollect the past memories of Thunderbird and to share excitement for its future. The Belt and Road Initiative, also known as the Silk Road Economic Belt, also came under discussion which has boosted tremendous opportunities for the corporate sector, creating a need for capacity building both in soft and hard skill-sets including training programs in global mindset and logistics and supply chain areas.
Jing Jin (Irene) ‘08- Still Vice President of NOAH Holdings. NOAH is the first public and the largest independent wealth management corp. in China. My career focus on wealth management, private equity, commercial banking, working experience in financial was 13 years, working experience in wealth management industry is 7 years. In August my team won the “Best Quantified Investment Team” award by Noah(China) Holdings Limited, Gopher Asset Management, and RayLiant Global Advisors. This October I received my Enterprise Trainer Certificate and also became a Family Trust Consultant.
Gaston Sandoval ‘02- Gaston has been appointed as Global Head of Marketing and Product Management. In this role, Gaston will lead Panasonic’s marketing and product strategy as the company evolves into a digital platform and services company and delivers the next generation of passenger experiences. Before Panasonic, Gaston enjoyed a lengthy, successful career at IBM. Most recently, Gaston served as SVP, Global Marketing at Openlink Financial, a leading fintech enterprise software company, where he led its marketing transformation to a digital-first, outcome-based organization, repositioning the company that resulted in its accelerated successful acquisition by the ION Group.
Josh Ballard ’03- Josh was appointed as the Chief Financial Officer for Energy Recovery, Inc., the leader in pressure energy technology for industrial fluid flows. In his new role, Josh will oversee Energy Recovery's finance, IT, and investor relations organizations as the company continues to cultivate its core water business and further develop innovative PX® Pressure Exchanger® technology solutions for new markets. Josh has more than 20 years of experience and most recently held the position of Operating Partner at Orox Capital Management, a Dallas-based private equity firm.
Roberto F. Cid ’09, of Miami, passed away May 27, 2018 after a five-year battle with colon cancer. Roberto earned a degree in International Relations from Boston University as well as an MBA from the Thunderbird. Roberto joined the family business in 2007 and helped found Cid Botanicals with the vision of creating a preventative health and wellness company. An avid travel lover, he spent his time in and out of Miami researching the immense biodiversity and ancestral wisdom of the American continent and the world. Always eager to explore new places, Roberto was also drawn to make repeat visits to the Amazon rainforest, Chilean Patagonia, Paris, Quito, Hong Kong and amusement parks. He was also passionate about politics, played the guitar, and appeared in a Korean pop music video.
Elizabeth Freedman ’00, I'm a Principal at a boutique consulting firm called Bates Communications based in Boston - we're a small firm but have worked with close to 20% of Fortune 500 companies, at the senior leader level - in the world of management consulting, we’re known for our work in bridging the gap from strategy to execution. We consult with leaders to help them engage, inspire, align and move people to act. I like to say we pick up where the McKinsey’s exit when the strategy is on paper, and it is time to bring it alive. I live in the Boston area with husband Andrew - we celebrated our 20th wedding anniversary last year and have two boys, Max (age 14) and Zachary (age 11).
Catherine Callaway ’00, recently joined the Visiting Nurse Service of New York (VNSNY) as VP, Marketing and Development. After 20+ years as a marketing and innovation leader, managing diverse brands from Dentyne and Sour Patch Kids to British Airways and Theraflu, I decided to follow a mission-driven passion and turn to the non-profit sector. I’m happily living AND working in NYC, a first after 15+ years of travel for global brands. I’m enjoying marketing with passion, addressing the constant challenges of our healthcare system today while giving back to my community.
Jill Tracy ’02, just celebrated her 15th anniversary with Microsoft and has been named the new CDS Commercial Partners, Cloud and Solutions Channel Sales Director for the company. Jill has held roles in OCP, EPG, C+E Marketing, Worldwide Partner Group, Services and Worldwide Operations.
Carrie (Stein) Melanda ’00, has recently joined Apple as the Sales Training Operations Manager for Latin America. She will be based in the Coral Gables, FL office. Prior to Apple, Carrie was the Latin America Partner Operations Manager at Microsoft. She lives in South Florida with her husband and children.
Brian Kenny ’00, after serving as an analyst at the U.S. Department of Commerce in Washington D.C., Brian joined the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Los Angeles District in September 2009. Brian’s current role is Civil Works Project Manager, Arizona Nevada Area Office, in Phoenix. In an earlier career spanning 31 years, Brian worked as an anthropologist for the State of Arizona, and, for private cultural, environmental and engineering firms. Brian served in the U.S. Air Force 1974 -1980, and is a graduate of the Presidio of Monterey Defense Language Institute in Monterey CA. He also graduated from the Air Force Cryptologic Intelligence Schools, and SERE & Air Crew Survival Schools. Also, as a civilian with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers he received notice to deploy TDY to Houston to assist the disaster recovery by serving on the Corps' "Housing Team."
Brian Kaplan ’01, I’m married to Kimberly Kuhn ’02. We just spent a little over a week in the Isle of Skye, Scotland. We are a Thunder-Couple and have a seven-year old son, Quincy.
Jennifer Beaston Hedrick ’01, is the executive director for Eagle Mount Bozeman, an organization committed to provide quality therapeutic recreational opportunities for people with disabilities and young people with cancer.
Irene Kontje ’01, after four years living in North Carolina and working at Duke University Medical Center, I returned home to the New York City area and am currently Director of Graduate Medical Education at Mount Sinai Beth Israel/Mount Sinai Health System. I've always been a do-gooder MBA and am thrilled to be working in education and hospital administration, overseeing training programs for interns, residents and fellows in their specialty and subspecialty training. It's incredibly rewarding work and being back in the bustle of NYC and near my family is the icing on the cake. The NYC T-bird alums are active, friendly, and overall awesome. Grateful for the T-bird network!
George Sales ’01, after almost 20 years in management consulting and project management, I've decided to follow my passion and open up a mid-scale Filipino restaurant in Saint Johnsbury, VT. It is a low-profit, limited liability business, with the goal of providing culinary students in the local academy hands-on business operations and training experiences, as well as employment opportunities for residents in the downtown district. It's the one and only Philippine restaurant in the state, and everyone is excited! I look forward to welcoming T-birds from near and far!
Paul Caldron ’02, completed a Ph.D .in Governance and Policy Analysis at Maastricht University, United Nations University - MERIT in the Netherlands after defending his dissertation regarding motivations, economic, and manpower inputs into short-term medical missions by U.S. physicians. Still practicing clinical rheumatology and research at Arizona Arthritis and Rheumatology, a group that has gained state and national notice for its successful business model in a challenged specialty in U.S. healthcare, Paul anticipates the Maastricht degree may enable a transition into the global health environment. AmeRuss Clinical Trials, founded by Paul and colleagues after finishing Thunderbird to conduct drug and device trials in Russia and its near abroad, continues to operate in this space.
Steve A. Varela ’02, earned a 2017 Fulbright Scholar award for his research and development in international program development for business school programs.
Andy Harris ’02, my wife Molly and I had our first child Penelope Juliet on July 9. Baby and mom are healthy and all are doing well!
Ercan Turkuner ’03, I am the Head of Internal Audit and Senior Banking Expert at Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency of Turkey based in Istanbul.
Todd Kirkbride ’03, I am living in Pristina Kosovo with my wife and two kids (3 and 7). I run my own Public Private Partnerships for Development Consultancy with clients in the Balkans, Asia, Africa and the U.S. I serve on two local University Faculties as Adjunct Business/Marketing Professor.
Kevin McKellar ’03, I have been living in Los Angeles since 2008 and opened a restaurant concept called Bottega Louie in Downtown Los Angeles. We are the most Yelp’d and Instagrammed restaurant in the U.S. and will be opening other locations in Chicago and Las Vegas soon.
Matt Frary ’04, the company I founded, SmarterChaos.com, has been featured again this year in the Inc 5000 fastest growing companies in America. This is our third year in a row, and we have built more companies as a result.
Gerardo Gonzalez-López ’05, I met my now wife of 10 years, Maria E. (Sissy) Urista ’05 at Thunderbird. We now live in Princeton, NJ and I am running the NYC marathon in November.
Gbemi Disu ’06, everyone thinks I am joking when I laughingly say that Thunderbird is with me anywhere and everywhere I go! I was on a trip to South Africa earlier this month and on one of the days out on Safari, I find out that a couple on my group tour are actually ThunderParents! Karen and Tony's son Malcolm Whitehead graduated in 2012 from Thunderbird and we had quite a great discussion over lunch about the School and its transformative impact on my life. It just so happened that I had my 70th anniversary ThunderWear with me, which I proudly wore because any time I think Global, I of course think T-bird!
Tracey Nguyen ’06, I wanted to share a recent study I authored for IBM for the magazine. Over 330 nonprofits surveyed and 30+ organizational case studies synthesized. A convergence of trends in the nonprofit sector has created urgency to advance the current state of data and analytics use. Major funders are demanding quantified evidence of social impact. Constituents expect both transparency of operations and a digital presence. None of these is a luxury, but a requirement. Being a technology laggard could send donors in other directions and threaten future outcomes. Our newest IBM research reveals that it is more important than ever for nonprofits to leapfrog analytics capabilities by using new approaches to talent, technology and by partnering.
Becky Sacher Woods ’06, I recently joined ADP as their Global Mobility Director in New Jersey. That is keeping me busy, in addition to my five-year-old twins. If anyone wants help negotiating their expatriate package, please do not hesitate to reach out!
Mike Tomasello ’07, having spent 18+ years speaking with thousands of hiring executives and recruiters to determine what works most often for job search and career success, Mike launched his company HowToLandANYJob.com out of Los Angeles after a successful Marketing Executive Career. In the fall, he will be launching his first book for students and recent graduates called "How to Land ANY Job When Everyone Says You Can't." Kevin Harrington from TV's "Shark Tank" called Mike a ‘Career Thought Leader.’
Thomas Steck ’07, between April 14 – 16, 2017 our EMBA Prague Cohort IV celebrated its 10th anniversary in Dubai, UAE. Wahoo! Ten years go so quickly and we were confronted with the choice of our first big anniversary location. Thanks to Ghusoun Al Khaled ’07 from Kuwait, and Stephane Sinimale ’07 now living in the UAE, we celebrated this important milestone in style in Dubai. From the top of the Burj Khalifa, to the tip of the Palm Jumeirah, we swam, dined and even completed a tour in the Dunes. Happy Anniversary EMBA Prague IV!
Jaz Wray ’07, purchased a plane and earned his pilot's license about five years ago. With the freedom of wings, he flew with his two sons from Southern California to experience the total eclipse of the sun just north of Boise, ID. They were astonished to experience totality for about two minutes and from 9,000 ft. above sea level, could even see the shadow of the moon on earth approaching for the start of the full eclipse and then the end of the moon's shadow approaching at the end of the full eclipse. What an amazing sight! Definitely something for every T-bird bucket list. Perhaps they will see you in Texas for the next 100% U.S. eclipse in 2024 (or 2019 in Chile and Argentina).
Shaun Smithson ’08, is now the CEO of Fig and Olive Restaurants. He will continue to live in his Washington, D.C. home, but will be working from the company's offices in New York. He will be overseeing the portfolio of restaurants with a focus on stabilizing and growing the brand both domestically in the US and on an international level.
David Riggs ’08, I run a business in Nashville, TN and Kathmandu Nepal. I have 10 employees in Nashville and 30 in Kathmandu. My company names are walkingpalm.com and sunfishsales.com I have also been to Turkey, India, Panama, Colombia and Peru this summer.
Angelika Makkas Rougas ’08, I am currently working in the biotechnology sector in Human Resources
as a business partner. My husband and I live in Cambridge, MA with our two children. I've been busy with them – they are 1 and 2 years old. This summer we traveled to Greece to introduce our children to our motherland and to see family of course!
Umar Ahmed ’09, after graduating from Thunderbird, I developed a passion for teaching International Business and Strategy. So, I taught for about seven years in a University in Pakistan. And now I am working on a Ph.D. in International Business at Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand.
Bradley Lazard ’09, I am the Vice President of a steel company called North Shore Steel. We are a conglomerate that owns five steel related businesses with our corporate headquarters in Houston. We have additional locations in Los Angeles, CA, Beaumont, TX, and Charleston, SC. We import and sell steel products all over the world. Our most recent business concern is taking care of our employees, customers, and vendors that have been devastated by Hurricane Harvey. We plan to provide steel products to help rebuild our community.
David Schrader ’09, I am the Chief Operating Officer of Scythian Biosciences Corp, a Canadian company. The company recently became public on the TSX-Venture exchange in Canada. We are in the pharmaceutical development field and are currently working on a drug treatment for traumatic brain injury.
Bryan Dsouza ’11 is celebrating over 7 years at Microsoft. His experience spans product management and product marketing at the company. He is currently a Sr. Product Marketing Manager in Microsoft Azure Data and AI, driving open source strategy in the cloud.
Michael Severin ’19 - Michael is deploying to Djibouti, Africa as part of the US Navy.
Kevin Allen ’16- Kevin Allen passed away on May 23rd after a valiant 3-month fight with cancer. Kevin was a loving husband and father. He was also a dazzling performer; he’d act in plays, sing in musicals, and was an unrivaled master of ceremonies for scores of social and corporate events. He was a skilled salesman, a professional speaker, an author, an entrepreneur, a pigeon fancier, a prison minister, and a sought-after corporate officer. He was blessed with the genuine ability to entertain hundreds of people while at the same time forming countless individual bonds to those with whom he interacted.
Pepe Santos ‘18- After graduation Pepe was able to work on high-level evaluations of international development projects for USAID with major contributions for 2 publications: Endline Performance Evaluation of the USAID Global Health Ebola Team Ebola Virus Disease Survivor Program and The State of Water, Sanitation, and Women’s Empowerment: A Baseline exploration on Women + Water (W+W) Global Development Alliance implementation areas in Madhya Pradesh, India. Recently he began working in the UNICEF Country Programme Evaluation for Serbia (2016-2020), in which he designed and managed the proposal submission and support data analysis for final reporting.
Em Martin Brott, ’16 —Em was recently appointed as the new Executive Director of the 27-year-old nonprofit Drawing Studio, a cultural organization that brings art and the benefits of creating art to the entire community through affordable fee-based and free classes and workshops, events and exhibits, and by fostering awareness that the world is a better place when art and creative spirit are fostered as cultural necessities. Em is an experienced fundraiser, accomplished senior executive, and caring manager with extensive experience in the Tucson nonprofit sector. Most recently she was the Chief Development Officer for Our Family Services, where her team was responsible for all fundraising, communications, and contract management of the $5 million homeless-serving organization. She previously worked for more than a decade as a river ecologist, community organizer, and fundraiser at the Sonoran Institute.
Sanjeev Javia ‘13- Sanjeev was recently named President and CEO of BergaMet, a subsidiary of Grey Cloak Tech Inc. BergaMet imports, manufactures and distributes a proprietary line of products derived from the rare citrus fruit called “Bergamot.” Sanjeev has 17 years of experience formulating nutrition products and has developed entire lines of supplement products, with focus on health and sports performance. His specialty and research emphasis is on nutrition and exercise interventions in diabetes/obesity, autoimmune diseases, neurological issues, and post-chemotherapy recovery. His client list includes some of the world’s top athletes, including Super Bowl MVPs, Stanley Cup Champions, World Series Hall of Famers, and Olympic Medalists. Sanjeev is the founder/CEO of Javia Wellness Group and both a board member and partner in various health-related organizations, such as Youngevity, SpeedFlex Training Systems, Like A Pro Inc, SuperFlex Fitness, DermSpectra Imaging, and Splash Beverage Group.
Ruby White ‘13- Ruby was recently promoted from Vice President of Human Resources to Senior Vice President of Human Resources at EagleView. EagleView is the leading provider of aerial imagery and property data analytics for the government, insurance, construction, and energy sectors.
Duff Janus ’13- Duff was named the Director of Investments for Alexander & Baldwin. Prior to joining A&B, he was a founding principal of Form Partners LLC, a real estate development, investment and management firm headquartered in Honolulu.
Jonathan Harmon ‘15- Jonathan Harmon was named the General Manager for Church Brothers Farms and will direct the company’s Mexico operations. Before joining Church Brothers Farms, Jonathan worked with Pricewaterhouse Cooper in the supply chain consultant group and as Director of Operations for Mission Produce, where he was involved in supply chain operations in California and Latin America.
Craig Hammond ‘12- Craig was newly appointed as the Head of Marketing for GearLaunch, the leading E2E commerce platform. Craig has been called-on multiple times throughout his career to establish, build, and develop both businesses and departments in growing companies. Most recently before joining GearLaunch, he built his own children’s pajama company that achieved immediate success, including holding the current record for the highest funded children’s apparel product in crowdfunding history. In his career, he has helped businesses scale globally, led the creation of marketing departments and strategy, and had numerous companies he’s helped start go through acquisition.
Lance J. Alexander ‘10, of Liverpool, NY, formerly of Watertown, passed away May 25, 2018 at his home. Lance was employed with the US Defense Contract Management Agency as a Defense Contract Administrator in Syracuse. Previously he was employed with the Department of Labor as a Labor Services Representative and was a liaison with the Human Relations Department for incoming soldiers at Fort Drum. He was a member of the board of directors for the Thompson Park Conservancy from 2014-2015. Lance loved grilling on his Weber grill, playing Golf and Lacrosse, reading especially WWII history. He lived life to the fullest, was outgoing, knew everyone, talked to everyone, had lots of friends and had a special smile.
Sergio G. Castañeda Cortes ‘10 after a 28 years career in different top management positions in BBVA Bancomer, has taken on new challenges as Co-Founder of The Alternative Board Master Franchise in Mexico. The Alternative Board TAB helps forward-thinking business owners grow their businesses, increase profitability and improve their lives by leveraging local business owner advisory boards, private business coaching and proprietary strategy services.
Mackenzie Cane ’10, I've been using my Thunderbird knowledge to leverage the reach and influence of the for-profit sector in helping to support the non-profit sector. I am the Associate Director of Business Partnerships at the Sierra Club based in Oakland CA, and I work with mission-aligned companies who are helping to advance solutions to environmental issues. I get to work with everyone from sustainability executives at large companies and environmental activists, to fundraisers and Sierra Club chapter volunteers. Working across departments in this way has prompted me to use my cross-cultural communication skills that only a Thunderbird education could have given me. This winter, I will travel to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to see my sister and meet my new niece!
Bryan D’Souza ’11, is getting married to Sophie Ramer on October 7, 2017. He is currently working at Microsoft in Redmond, WA.
Sidharth Madhav ’11, a few T-birds from the class of ’11 attended the Second Annual T-birds & Friends Cookout hosted by Antoine Eloi ’11 at his home in Philadelphia. It was great catching up with this fun group I went to school with and sharing our experiences on work and the current political environment. It was refreshing how global our mindsets are and how important that is today. Pictured Back (L-R): Taylor Culver ’11, Sidharth Madhav ’11, Antoine Eloi ’11, Jesse Markham ’12. Mid (L-R): Tarek Fahmy ’11, Albert Tan ’11, Audrey Dorfman ’11. Front: Lucy (friend of T-birds).
Bharath Balasubramanian ’11, works for American Express Global Network Business bringing emerging payment solutions to new markets in the Americas. He lives the typical suburban New Jersey life with a 90-minute commute each way to New York City.
Michael Johnson ’12, earlier this year I was made Vice President - Global Strategy at PracticeMax in Scottsdale, AZ. Since then I have opened our first overseas operations in Cebu, Philippines. We opened in May with zero employees and we are now at over 150 and plan to expand to 300 by the end of the year.
Andrew Goehl ’13, I recently accepted a three-year National Office rotation with EY that will relocate me and my family from Seattle to Cleveland through the summer of 2020. I am excited for this unique opportunity. While it's going to be a tough transition to move from a place that we absolutely love - this is an opportunity that will really define and accelerate my career. My family and I are looking forward to new adventures - and I'm looking forward to reaching out and connecting with the Cleveland alumni.
Brent Nelson ’13, I was recently on business travel in London, UK for my job at Amazon in the global Sustainability department. I was fortunate to run in to my fellow alum and cohort mate Ben Gherardi’13 who leads international efforts with Jackson and is working in London. Cheers!
Sean Murphy ’13, is Vice President-Regional Asset Manager for JPI Companies, a commercial real estate firm in San Diego headquartered in Dallas. Sean and his wife, Amber, welcomed their second son in August.
Barbara Noseda ’14, was named to the 30 under 30 for the Institute for Supply Management (ISM). Barbara joined LifeScan, a Johnson & Johnson company, in March 2015 as a member of the Procurement Leadership Development Program (PLDP), a highly selective two-year leadership program for recent MBA graduates that gives them a deep insight into the business and prepares them for future leadership.
Andres Porras ’15, I am Operations and Logistics Manager at Uber in Colombia for Cali, the country's third largest city. Shortly after, I was assigned to work on the expansion of Uber in Colombia, 16 cities total, and in early 2017 was sent to Thailand to lead the expansion in that country. Now I'm back in Colombia leading the CRM and Remote Cities Teams.
M. Brett McMickell ’16, accepted the position of Senior Vice President of Global Product Development at AgJunction. Brett has over 12 years of experience in Product Development for several product types. He joined AgJunction from Honeywell, where he was the Senior Director of Engineer for Actuation Systems. He held several roles at Honeywell in Engineering and Business Management. |
The Irish Quarter Year Two
A Celebration of the Irish Short Story
March 11 to July 1
Desmond Hogan Week-June 18 to June 31 Day Eight
"The Last Time" -- The Weather
Co-Hosted by Shauna Gilligan, Author of
Happiness Comes From Nowhere
I'm Nobody! Who are you? Are you – Nobody – too? Then there's a pair of us! Don't tell! they'd advertise – you know! How dreary – to be – Somebody! How public – like a Frog – To tell one's name – the livelong June – To an admiring Bog! --Emily Dickinson
Project Notes-Desmond Hogan Week has now been extended until at least June 31. I will keep the name. I am treating Hogan's work as "found objects", a way of looking at literary art from the long ago. If you are new to the work of Hogan, I suggest you read his stories and Shauna Gilligan's very well done introductory post on his work. This is not a closed event, if you are interested in doing a guest post, you are welcome to do so.
"The Last Time" (1989, 14 pages) is another superb short story. It is narrated in the first person voice of a young Irish woman who grew up in a Catholic orphanage in Galway County. Her mother was a prostitute and she never knew who her father was. As I have mentioned before, in my reading of the works in Lark's Eggs and Other Stories I am treating the works as found objects. The main purpose of my series of posts is in fact to help me increase my understanding of the stories through the process of posting on them. I do not have a great inclination in posting on these stories to retell the plots of the stories and will sort of try to talk about something a bit different in each post. One of the things this story is about is deep loneliness and the absent father .(Declan Kibard in Inventing Ireland said that the absent or weak father is one of the dominant themes of Irish literature and I did do a scan of the collection for the word "father" and it came up 200 times). The story is about about terrible loneliness her upbringing forced on the young woman.
The woman's story begins in 1953, it is a tale of the past remembered, a mode of narration used in several of the other stories by the author I have so far read. She is looking back at a first love, real or imagined through the prism of time gone by, and the first stirrings of sexuality. The memories are intermingled with books she has read, reflections on her growing up and her life subsequent to leaving Ireland. It is another story about outsiders, throw away people nobody really cares about and whom "normal" people try to see as less human than they are.
I am growing increasingly interested in the role the weather seems to have on the kind and volume of literature a country seems to produce. Can you imagine The Brothers Karamazov being written in the Bahamas? It seems that most, not all, dark and brooding literature,much of the classics of the world, were written in colder climates, places with the seasons. The rhythm of seasons is one of the root metaphors of literature, not just European by any means, and in places where this is not found I think it has a profound effect on the lack of literary production. On a practical level the winter in colder climates kept people inside most of the time, often in cramped overcrowded places either way to cold or heated by unpleasant methods. This provided plenty of time for inner driven thoughts, reading, and writing. Per Frank O'Connor the short story often about deep human loneliness, even a craving for and a savoring of the pain of loneliness. Just as my impression, there is very little of such a trait in the psyche of people from the tropical country about which I know the most, the Philippines. I want to look a bit about how this applies this story. (This is kind of a rambling post to which I can say only "Oh well".)
I have never been to Ireland but just from the people I have met online I know the weather in Ireland can often for long periods of times be described via a color as "grey". The word "grey" appears twice in the first paragraph of "The Last Time" and sixty times in the collection as a whole. Even some of the trees are grey. The river is half shrouded in fog, a common weather condition in Ireland I think based on my research (just to get the feel for Irish weather I check the forecast in Galway and Dublin most days). There are other color references in the first two pages, "salmon-colour" and "the color of autumnal drought". These uses of color show the seasons and their effects have worked there way deeply into the consciousness of the speaker (and probably into most of the audience for this story). Lawns are described as gloomy.
Our narrator does have red hair. I know this also has a special meaning in Irish literature but I am not comfortable yet talking about it. Jamesy was her first love. She would see him in his garden cutting hedges or reading. She describes his face as being like an interested hedgehog. The nuns had gotten her a job as a maid, she is maybe 17 or so. He did not read ordinary books but works like War and Peace, Fathers and Sons, and Chekhov stories. He begins to loan her books to read and she reads them in her off hours, kind of on the sly, back at the orphanage. One of the books was Nana by Emile Zola, interestingly about a prostitute. They begin a very slow moving never getting beyond a kiss or hug courtship until one day her employer see Jamesy, from a sort of high class family, hugging her. She at once fires her and informs the nuns. Jamesy's father had always wanted him to be a dentist (I admit I laughed when I read the narrator say to herself that even though Jamesy was intelligent his father wanted him to be a dentist). She ends up getting a lot worse job, this time scrubbing floors. Jamsey leaves town to study to be a dentist. She will see, but not speak to him, one more time in her life.
I really liked it somehow when she got the courage to move to London. The years go by and it looks like she is married to a decent hard working man with whom she has children. She is so happy she can marry him without anyone from her past being there to look down on her.
The story has a superbly interesting close. It is hard to determine how much of her emotions are true memories (if there is such a thing) and how much a fantasy structure to help her cope with her life. We can see, it is never said, that the books she read changed her in a deep way, maybe caused her more pain than not.
"The Last Time" is a great story. It can be read for sheer enjoyment as well as profound commentary on life.
Lilliput Press press publishes Hogan's work and offers two of his works as E-Books. I found their catalogue totally fascinating. They are the premier publishers of Irish related books, located in Dublin and established in 1984.
Shauna Gilligan's wonderful new novel Happiness Comes From Nowhere can be purchased on Amazon or The Book Depository. |
Monday Markets and Jobs for Writers
Monday brings the weekly batch of no-fee, paying listings of competitions, contests, and calls for submissions—plus jobs for those of us who write (especially those of us who write fiction, poetry, and creative nonfiction).
Tincture Journal (Australia) is open for poetry submissions for Issue Eighteen (June 2017) until April 13. “Published writers will be paid from $30-$50” (Australian). They are also receiving work in other genres, with less-imminent deadlines.
For the Paper Darts Micro Fiction Award, “Esmé Weijun Wang wants you to write 200 spotless words on the theme of cleanliness for an award of $100.” No entry fee. Deadline: April 17, 2017. NB: “All submissions are eligible for publication by Paper Darts in print or online.” (via Pamelyn Casto’s Flash Fiction Flash newsletter)
“amNewYork is looking for a Features Manager passionate about NYC dining and bars who will grow our Eat & Drink vertical in addition to helping manage and expand all of amNY.com. We’re looking for a creative journalist with a knowledge of NYC events, trends and style. Daily responsibilities include: creating and curating content for amNY.com, with a focus on developing features sections and, in particular, Eat & Drink; monitoring local and national news and identifying important issues/trends for our audience; working closely with reporters to cover live events; overseeing interns; and developing and managing social media strategy.”
“PEN America seeks a diligent, detail oriented, and highly personable Literary Awards Administrator to lead the day-to-day operations of this high-profile program, continuing to support its strength and growth.” This job is located in New York.
“Sam Houston State University invites applications for the position of Director of Texas Review Press. Founded in 1979, Texas Review Press (TRP) is a member of the Texas A&M University Press Consortium. TRP is a literary press specializing in fiction, poetry, and creative nonfiction, with a secondary focus on books of regional interest. Every year, TRP runs a handful of book manuscript contests, as well as acquires and publishes a broad variety of books. The director runs TRP with the assistance of a salaried staff as well as graduate student interns from the MFA Program in Creative Writing, Editing, and Publishing. TRP is housed in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences. The director is a faculty member in the English department at the rank of associate or full professor and runs the TRP.”
“The Department of English at the University of Indianapolis seeks candidates with an MFA and/or PhD to teach Creative Writing with a focus on Poetry Writing. This is a full-time, 9-month, assistant or associate, tenure-track position to begin August 2017.”
“The Cedarville University [Ohio] Department of English, Literature, and Modern Languages invites applications for a full-time tenure-track position teaching composition, introductory literature courses, and creative writing. In particular, we seek a specialist in teaching poetry writing. MFA or Ph.D. in creative writing preferred. Expectations include academic advising, professional development, scholarly activity in the field, university service, and a formal paper on the Biblical integration of faith, learning, and teaching. Friendly, supportive, motivated department. We place a high priority on integrity, collegiality, and rigor in the classroom.”
“The Department of English and Comparative Literature at Hobart and William Smith Colleges invites applications for a one-year, full-time Visiting Assistant Professor position in Creative Writing, with specialization in fiction to begin July 1, 2017. Teaching load is 2/3 and will consist of introductory creative writing workshops plus one intermediate course focused on reading and writing short fiction.” |
After-school programs are out-of-school time activities for kindergarten pre-schoolers, elementary and secondary school students organised with an intent to encourage the children and youth of all ages to improve their leadership and social skills by motivating them to participate in camps, music and acting clubs, interactive learning activities, sports and art programs, recreational fun pastime events, etc.
These after hour school programs greatly benefit in strengthening the physical, mental and social development of children and teens. Occasionally, engaging the students in entertaining non-academic activities increases their confidence, academic performance, behaviour and coordination.
After-school Programs: Things to do Out-of-school
Educational institutions and communities ought to consider aspects such as the age of children, special needs and requirements, the purpose of activities, etc., while designing different types of after-school program activities for students.
Listed below are some of the good After-school Program Activities
- Physical Sports Activities: Swimming, Soccer, Football, Cricket, Basketball, Hockey, etc.
- Creative Visual Arts: Drawing, Painting, Sculpting, Photography etc.
- Performing Arts: Acting, Dancing, Singing, Music, etc.
- Literature Arts: Plays, Poetry, Drama, etc.
- Participate in Scout Camps, Camp Fires, Excursions, Travelling
- Academic Clubs: Mathematics, Science and Environmental Groups
Benefits of After-school Programs
- Enhances Creative and Visual Skills
- Organising afterschool programs can be financially beneficial
- Attract students for summer camps, holiday activities, etc.
- Relatively cheaper than childcare programs
- Increases Self-esteem, Confidence and Leadership Skills
- Improves Physical and Mental Development of kids
- Provides a stress-free environment for students to pursue hobbies and passion
- Enhances the academic performance of students in the classroom
- Boosts Social Interaction Skills among children
- Encourages outside education
- Enhances logical and reasoning abilities
- Real-world Experience: Introduces kids to the outside world
Disadvantages of After-school Programs
- If the afterschool programs are not coordinated well outside the classroom the safety of children is at risk
- Activities are complex to organise and manage
- Require good investment
- Managing kids is laborious |
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Is "Adhesion Related Disorder" A Chronic Disease?
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The SCAR-3 study:
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B} Outline for you to secure a "State Government Document for ARD Awareness"
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E} Starting a local ARD Support group
F} Patients Bill of Rights
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ARD Validation for "Social Security" & "Medical Appoints"
OUR voice DOES make a difference in getting ARD recognized!!!!
THIS report is a MUST to take to your "Medical Appoints" and to add to your file for applying for "Social Security" as it validate that "ADHESIONS" are recognized at the natinal level as the eitiology (cause) of chronic adominal/pelvic pain!
National Institute of Health
World J Surg.2006 Mar 13;
Laparoscopic Lysis of Adhesions.
Szomstein S, Menzo EL, Simpfendorfer C, Zundel N, Rosenthal RJ.
Bariatric Institute, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd., Weston, Florida, 33331, USA, [email protected].
Due to urgency, you gotta go, gotta go, gotta go read now the
This section is now under construction:
Lots of medical stuff will go in here
such as: Education and Awareness Medical/Surgical
Information Regarding ARD issues Questions to ask your Dr. / SurgeonAdhesion
Excess Length of Stay, Charges, and Mortality Attributable to Medical Injuries During Hospitalization
Report on "deaths" from ARD: Recent analysis of the latest US health statistics by the International Adhesions Society (IAS)
"2005 Validating Adhesion Related Disorder"
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memorials and other mortality information such as:
death certificates, autopsy reports, obituary's, photos
A} ARD Pins
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D} ARD Banner quotes for the month...winner gets thier ARD quote up on the banner for a whole month
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Things Dr.'s have said to ARD patients Desperation, Pain and Sufferring of ARD patients:Pictures of adhesions and patients with scars and incisions, or just themselves, with family members, pets etc.. (real victims faces)
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government stuff...Pile of Bile:
Letter TO: Dr. David Satcher, USA Surgeon General, Letter FROM : Dr. David Satcher, USA Surgeon General, Letter TO: Secretary Tommy Thompson of the Dept. of the USA HHS,
Letter FROM Dr. Hamilton National Institute of Health, Letter TO Dr. Hamilton National Institute of Health
ICD-9 Code FDA
A National Medical Cover-up on ARD!
Assessing Health Risks in America
Behavior Risk Factor Survellance System 1980
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Picture Trail Travel around the world with Beverly Doucette as she fights for the cause of
"Adhesion Related Disorder" escorts patients for medical intervention, sets precidents by being the first ARD patient invited to attend International Medical Congress's, Presents in Washington D.C., where she secures a meeting with The US Surgeon General,
Vice Admiral Dr. Richard Carmona and Dr. David Wiseman of the IAS, "Medical Symposium on Adhesions" at Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 2001. IAS representatives Beverly J. Doucette (Wisconsin) & Augusta Sisler ( New York) attended this symposium. This was precedent setting as no lay people had ever been invited to a medical symposium as part of the audience.
I'll share these pictures with you in hopes that they present to you my passion to impact this world as deeply with as many "benefits and changes for the better" as there are " dangers and impass's" for all those afflicted with ARD! These trips were at my own expense, and at times family members were able to join me, as did many of my ARD family.
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Everything You have always wanted to know about ARD, but were afraid to ask!
This area will allow you the ability to ask any questions you may have via email However, PLEASE NOTE that we DO NOT give medical advice. The information provided is not intended nor is it implied to substitute any professional medical advice and services. Please seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider when starting any new medical intervention or with any questions you may have regarding your medical condition.
A} Adhesion Barriers" which ones and why?
B} See the "most comprehensive listing of surgeons throughout the world" who Bev thinks can offer the highest quality adhesiolysis..and why!
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"I didn't give 'em hell, I told the truth and it FELT like Hell!" President Harry Truman
If The Shoe
Fits," wear it:
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Nucleus-nucleus reaction cross-sections calculated for realistic nuclear matter distributions within the Glauber-Sitenko approach
[5mm] V. Lukyanov, E. Zemlyanaya, B. Slowinski,
[3mm] Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Institute of Atomic Energy, Otwock-Swierk, Poland
Abstract.Basing on the thickness (profile) function, previously obtained for the realistic Fermi type distribution of nucleons in nuclei, calculations are made of the microscopic eikonal phases of the nucleus-nucleus scattering and the total reaction cross- sections. In so doing, the phase is deduced to the one-dimensional integral provided that the Gaussian density distribution for the projectile nucleus and an arbitrary shape of the thickness density for the target nucleus are used. The problems of obtaining parameters of the ”point” nucleon density are considered. A possibility of approximating the realistic densities by the ”surface-matched” Gaussian functions and the dependence of cross-sections on the nucleon-nucleon interaction radius are discussed. The in-medium effects and the role of the trajectory distortion are studied. Conclusions are made on physics of the process, and comparison with experimental data is made with cross sections calculated by using the developed method where no free parameters are introduced.
In nuclear physics, the Glauber-Sitenko approach [1,2] is used with regard to several its modifications for investigation of nucleus-nucleus collisions at energies of the order of 10100 MeV per nucleon of an incident nucleus. In this case, one can determine the eikonal phase by both introducing a model optical potential and using the microscopic approach where it is expressed through density distributions of nuclei and the nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitude.
The parameters of the phenomenological potential are usually fitted by comparison of calculations with the experimental differential elastic scattering and total reaction cross-sections. Nevertheless, the problem of ambiguities of obtained parameters still remains . For example, it was shown in that the total reaction cross-section obtained analytically for the Woods-Saxon potential depends, in principle, on two combinations and of three parameters, the radius , diffuseness and the power Wo. This fact enables one to specify these latter quantities in the wide limits of their available values. As to the microscopic approach, it does not include, in principle, free parameters, and enables one to calculate the eikonal phases themselves rather than potentials of scattering. It allows one to make predictions of the total reaction cross-sections, including, e.g., those with participation of radioactive nuclei, the important problem related to transmutation of radioactive waste [5, 6].
Beginning with the earlier work , the microscopic approach was applied for calculations of proton-nucleus cross-sections. Later on, based on the respective theory of the multiple scattering of nucleons by nuclei [1, 2], it was generalized in [8, 9] to the processes of nucleus-nucleus scattering. This approach was often employed for analysis of interactions of light nuclei with nuclear targets which led, in particular, to the discovery of the neutron hallo in , the proton hallo in , and the establishment of nuclei with excess of neutrons or protons (see, for instance, , and the review papers [11, 12]). Much attention was also given to studying the mechanism of scattering of nuclei and, in particular, to effects of deflection on the straight-line trajectory of motion [13, 14]. The role of higher order corrections to the eikonal phases and effects of nuclear clusterization were examined, too.
In the majority of such works the use of Gaussian functions (G-functions) for nuclear densities is typical because they make it possible to separate variables in the multidimensional integrals for eikonal phases and, therefore, to obtain results in the analytic form. This is the main reason why G-functions and their modifications are used in calculations of cross-sections even for heavy ions although in this case, of course, the physical reasons require taking the functions of extended shape. In nuclear physics, the Fermi function (F-function) is usually used as the most realistic function for description of densities and potentials of medium and heavy nuclei. Unfortunately, in this case the analytic calculations encounter difficulties. For example, it is impossible to separate variables in the same multidimensional integrals for phases. Nevertheless, F-functions are applied not only in numerical, but also in analytical calculations. In the case of heavy ions these functions are especially needed since they are most realistic ones for description of the shape of potentials and densities in the periphery of collisions of nuclei, the region that forms the elastic differential and total reaction cross-sections. With reference to microscopic approaches the problem is posed to develop analytical methods for calculating cross-sections when using the realistic densities for nuclei with their individual parameters being known from other experiments. In so doing, one can predict with confidence the cross-sections for different combinations of colliding nuclei, and thus to study the genuine mechanism of their interaction. Just such is the goal of the present work.
In Chapter 2 presented is a series of modifications of the origin (initial) microscopic formula for a scattering phase. This is important for both understanding the mechanism of nucleus-nucleus scattering and calculations free of assumptions carried out in many works. In Chapter 3, the explicit expressions for the so-called profile functions of nuclear densities are given in the form of the Gaussian, uniform, and symmetrized (SF) Fermi functions. It is shown how one can reduce the 4-dimensional convolution integral to the one-dimensional one if the density of incident (light) nuclei is presented in the form of G-function and the density of a target nucleus in the form of SF-function. For arbitrary forms of densities the phase is obtained as a one-dimensional integral with the Fourier-Bessel transforms of profiles of densities. The explicit form of such a transform is given for the profile of the SF-density. An inference about the applicability of the so-called modified Gaussian densities is drawn. Chapter 4, is devoted to the problems of using nuclear densities obtained from nuclear form-factors in electron-nuclear scattering, the effects on cross-sections of a choice of the NN-force radius, the distortion of the trajectory of scattering, and the in-medium effects. In Chapter 5, we give the comparison with experimental data and general conclusions.
2 Basic formulae
where the phase
is determined by the isospin average total nucleon-nucleon cross-section
Here vectors are displayed in the impact parameter
plane perpendicular to the axis along the momentum
of the incident nucleus
111 In a similar expression was obtained in the
model of interacting tubes of the nucleon fluxes in collided nuclei.,
and are the so-called thickness (profile) functions of density
distributions of centers of nucleons (”point-like nucleons”) of the
incident nucleus (with the atomic number ) and the target nucleus
222 Here and are vectors in the 2- and 3-dimensional
spaces, and . Then, and are the density
distributions, and and are their profiles, respectively..
The thickness densities are given as
The point nucleon profiles differ from the matter distributions in nuclei composed of real, i.e. ”dressed” nucleons. So, when using the convolution integral (2.4) we need be concerned with obtaining the point-like densities from the ”experimental” nuclear densities . Just for a large set of tabulated data exists obtained from electron-nucleus scatteringdata 333 In general, one-particle densities depend on coordinates in the respective center-of-mass frame of a nucleus. However, as usual, in analysis of form factors of nuclei, one omits the respective factor of the center-of-mass motion , where and are the root-mean-square radius and a mass number of the nucleus. Therefore, the tabulated appear to be distributions of a nuclear charge (or matter) in the field of a fixed nuclear potential. At small and large densities in both systems coincide., and our goal is to develop the approach in such a way that to use in calculations the table data for and do not introduce free parameters.
The function determines the form of the nucleon-nucleon
Here is the root-mean-square radius of NN-interaction, and is expressed by the shape parameter of the scattering amplitude of nucleons444 The amplitude is , where , and is the relative momentum of colliding nucleons. For the Bessel-Fourier transform follows eq.(2.6), and in the zero-range approximation (), when , one gets the delta-function in 2-dimensional space, i.e. . in the form . The values of at energy of the order of 1 GeV are in the interval 0.210.23 fm which means that fm. In our case the nucleon-nucleon forces act in nuclear medium, and to take into account their influence the correction factor is additionally introduced under the integral. Later on we will touch this problem in detail.
The convolution integral (2.4) has a similar form as the 6-dimensional
”double folding” integral in calculation of the nucleus-nucleus potential
. In both the cases we are led to search for the ways of separating
variables in integrands. In Chapter 3 we show that the integral (2.4)
can be calculated explicitly if both densities are the G-functions, or it is
reduced to the one-dimensional integral when one of the densities has the
Gaussian form. At the same time, there exists a standard procedure to
transform such integrals to one-dimensional ones in the momentum space.
To this end, in each function in (2.4) one should perform the
two-dimensional Fourier-Bessel transformation
Then (2.4) becomes
Next, using the convolution formula for the nuclear thickness density
where is the nucleon thickness density, one obtains with the help of (2.7) the following result:
For the Gaussian density of a nucleon with the radius one has
Then, (2.9) results in
If it is considered that and coincide, then and so
and in the coordinate representation
As a result, we have obtained the expressions for convolution integrals (2.14),(2.16),(2.17), where the thickness functions (or ) come into being instead of profiles of the target-nucleus ”point-like” densities. Just for them the respective ”experimental” densities are usually known from tables where they are parametrized for heavy and middle-weight nuclei in the form of a Fermi function. In principle, one can employ eqs.(2.12) and (2.13) for incident nuclei as well, i.e. one uses . But then under the integrals (2.14),(2.16) an increasing Gaussian function appears, and if for the profiles of both the densities the functions with realistic exponential asymptotics are taken, then the integrals will diverge at the upper limit. Of course, one can act formally, i.e. either ”cut” integration at the point where an integrand starts to increase, or change the Gauss-like nucleon form-factor (2.13) by a dipole formula (see below eq.(4.2)). On the other hand, if for the density of one of the nuclei one takes a Gauss function, then no divergence arises.
Finally, it should be mentioned that in some papers the so-called zero-range approximation () is used. This leads to the convolution integral in the form (2.9) with =1, or, in the spatial coordinates, in the form (2.17) with in(2.17)stead of . A rougher approach is when both the densities in (2.17) are supposed to be the nuclear ones . Now we see that such approaches are not necessary to be used, and they themselves distort the true mechanism of nucleus-nucleus scattering.
3 Eikonal phases for realistic density distributions
As mentioned above, to obtain analytic expressions for phases and cross-sections the Gaussian (G-functions) density distributions and their profiles are used
where the only parameter is determined by the root-mean-square nuclear radius 555 For the point density , the parameter can be expressed through the respective -radius ..
We also list the functions of uniform density distribution and the relevant profiles
which are sometimes used for middle and heavy nuclei.
In principle, the realistic density having the Fermi distribution
(F-function) can be approximated by a sum of Gaussian functions
with by fitting expansion coefficients and parameters . Such
a procedure was suggested in , and in this
one was proposed not to densities but directly to profiles of
Fermi functions. Unfortunately, this procedure must be repeated at
every new set of parameters and of the initial
F-functions. However, one can remind that for heavy ions, both
differential elastic scattering and total reaction cross-sections
are first determined by the behavior of phases in a periphery of
collisions. It seems likely that the first attempt to model the
tail of the F-distribution with the help of
Gaussian function was made in . Later on in ,
not a Fermi density but its profile was reproduced in
such a way. For this aim the G- and F-functions were matched in
their periphery to find two parameters of the so-called modified G-function
This function is not normalized, since its parameters are no longer connected
mutually in such a way as in (3.1). In the general case, when matching
with an arbitrary form of the extended function at two points
and we obtain two parameters of (3.5)
In , the points of matching the - and F-profiles have
been taken as and where and are the radius and
diffuseness parameters, and the profiles were obtained by
numerical integration in (2.5). Herewith was assumed to be the
same for all nuclei, and was determined from the known
radii of nuclei and nucleon and with the
help of the formula
In general, the accuracy of such a matching should be checked every time since the nuclear Fermi densities have different values of for different nuclei. Besides, the obtained parameters of -functions depend on a choice of matching points.
Starting with the symmetrized SF-function
has come into use, first, in calculations of nuclear form factors in
eA-scattering, and next, in other problems of nuclear physics, too.
This function has several advantages as compared to the F-function,
allowing much room for analytical calculations , .
Its shape is the universal one for a satisfactory modelling the nuclear
densities of light, middle and heavy nuclei . It is evident
from (3.9) that for middle and heavy nuclei () this function
in fact coincides with the usual Fermi function .
Therefore, parameters of this function can be taken from the existing
Tables of Fermi distributions for both nuclear densities and
point-like densities of nuclei . For our task it is important
that just for the SF-function the respective profile was obtained in an
explicit form and therefore the following calculations can be
considerably simplified. So, the SF-density distribution and its
profile have the following form (3.10) (3.11):
Here the main dependence of the profile on is determined by SF-function
with the same parameters as in the density . The corrective
factor is presented in and specified with the help of
the auxiliary function . This latter obeys the condition
which allows one to simplify , so that it arrives at
Here is expressed by the radius and diffuseness as
The numerical values of the coefficients in (3.13) were
found in by fitting the profile (3.11) to numerical values
of the profile integral (2.5) for (3.10) in the
region of . In the center of a nucleus one has ,
and in the region of the main contribution from to it
changes a little by . This enables one to take
at one point only, for example, at , or at ,
where the density itself falls by three times
666 It was established in that the behavior of the
nucleus-nucleus scattering is responsible for the region where densities
overlap in their periphery at .. Then, if
, one obtains
In Fig.1 are shown the profiles of SF-density for three nuclei:
, calculated numerically (points) using
eq.(2.5), and the corresponding -profiles (dashes),
matched according to (3.6), (3.7) at and .
Full curves represent calculated with the help of the
analytic formula (3.11). The parameters of SF-densities are
taken from and are given in Table 1. One can see that
a strong discrepancy exists between -profiles and the
initial SF-profiles in the inner region (for example, by two
orders of magnitude for ), and also in the region where
the density falls off by two orders of magnitude and more. The
profiles of the uniform and Gaussian forms differ much more from
the profiles of the Fermi function. In Fig.2, the functions
are depicted for the same nuclei but calculated
within analytic formulae: full - by (3.11) with the exact
corrective factor , and dashed lines - by eq. (3.15)
with the approximated one . It turns out that the use of
the corrective factor at the radius point practically does not
change the behavior of profile functions in the peripheral region.
A slight difference, no more than a factor of two for ,
appears in the inner region only, which is far less than it is
observed in Fig.1 when one uses the -functions.
Table 1. Parameters of nuclear symmetrized Fermi density distributions 777 Parameters of the Fermi-distributions , taken from , are very close to those of for the given three nuclei.
So, in the subsequent discussion we have a possibility of choosing the profiles of the explicit analytic form for different nuclear densities, namely, for the Gaussian, uniform and symmetrized Fermi functions. Below they will be used in calculations of microscopic eikonal phases and total reaction cross-sections.
and integrates over by using the definition of the Bessel function of an imaginary argument, it follows:
In a more general case, when the magnitudes of radii of the nucleon and NN-interaction differ, it is convenient to use the convolution integral (2.4) with profiles of point-like densities for both nuclei. Then one can show that in the case of the -thickness density of an incident nucleus (3.5) the convolution integral takes the form:
We imply that the realistic density distributions of middle and heavy nuclei are the (symmetrized) Fermi functions. Their profile functions (3.10) and (3.15) are known in a certain form. The Bessel functions and are also known explicitly in the form approximated by polynomials . So all functions in the convolution integrals (3.17) and (3.18) are given explicitly which is highly feasible for numerical integration.
In the case when the density distributions of both the nuclei are given as the SF-functions, it is reasonable to use the convolution integrals in the momentum representation (2.9), (2.14) or (2.16). Then, it is convenient to take their thickness functions approximated by (3.15); as a result, the Fourier transform can be easily calculated. Indeed, inserting (3.15) into (2.8) one obtains
Taking into account the peripheral nature of nucleus-nucleus collisions one can assume that the main contribution is made in the region when . Then (see, e.g., ) we have
In Fig.3 are shown the calculated total reaction cross-sections for collisions of with at energies from 50 to 350 MeV/nucleon. For the target-nuclei, different nuclear densities are chosen in the form of SF-functions, modified -functions and U-functions of uniform distribution. The convolution integral (3.17) has been used for the -phase. The profile function for the incident nucleus was shifted at (see (3.5)-(3.7)) with the profile of the corresponding point-like SF-density whose parameters are given in Table 2. When one tested -profiles for the target-nuclei, the parameters of their densities were taken from Table 1. The -radii which have been used in calculations of the uniform distribution radius (3.4) are also quoted in Table 1. The energy-depended total nucleon-nucleon cross-sections are taken from . One can see that for a uniform density, the total reaction cross-sections (dot-and-dash curves) have highly different forms as compared to ones for the physically justified SF-densities (full lines). Besides, both calculations with the and -models (dashed) are close to each other. A slight excess of cross-sections for SF-functions at low energies results from their extended ”tails”. Instead, a weak relative increase in cross-sections at higher energies for the -functions of the target-nuclei is due to their larger values in the inner nuclear region, which leads to the earlier ”activation” of absorption as compared to the SF-model.
The cross-section calculations in the momentum representation
with utilizing the realistic -densities and the
approximate correction -function (3.14), and the
related approximate profiles (3.15) and (3.20) show (see
Fig.4) a slight difference of such calculations
(”bold” points) from the exact ones (solid curves).
Table 2. Parameters of the symmetrized
Fermi density distributions of the point-like
nucleons in nuclei
4 Calculations and discussion
4.1 On the use of nuclear densities from -scattering
The convolution integrals (2.4) and (2.9) depend on profiles of both nuclei composed of point-like densities , while the transformed integrals (2.16), (2.17) include only one density whereas the other density is the nuclear one . So the problem of obtaining point-like densities of nuclei is not elucidated completely, and we consider how they can be extracted from existing data. In general, one can calculate them in the framework of nuclear models. However, from the outset we posed the task of using primarily the data of other experiments, for instance, the data on nuclear charge form factors. In this case we consider, so far, that the realistic point-like densities have the form .
Here is the form factor of a nucleus with point-like nucleons
and is the proton form factor presented by the dipole formulae
which can be approximated at small momentum by the Gaussian function
Then, the obtained is analyzed within the model-independent method to obtain a point-like density as a sum of the -function with its derivatives multiplied by the fitted coefficients. The latter reproduce the so-called radial variations of densities. In this procedure, every with the respective trial density is calculated in the high-energy approximation , , the analytical method which gives results in close agreement with numerical solutions of the Dirac equation. In Table 2 we reproduce part of data from , namely, the radii and diffuseness parameters of densities excluding the radial variations which play an important role only at large . In , the employed proton -radius slightly differs from , the matter -radius, which was used in calculations of the double-folding potentials . However, by this reason the point-like densities from can be related to the nucleon distributions rather than to the proton ones888 If one assumes the relation between proton and neutron densities to be and takes -radii of densities of nuclei consisting of nucleons , the point-like nucleons , and protons and neutrons (see ), then it follows from that the -radius of a nucleon is ..
The other method of obtaining and parameters of
is based on approximate analytic calculations of
-moments of densities , where the latter is given
by its folding form like (2.11). The obtained explicit results for
moments are compared with those obtained by using the standard form
and lead to
In evaluations, terms of orders higher than and were neglected.
If one inserts parameters and of from
Table 1 and into equations (4.3), and
compares the obtained values with the respective parameters from Table 2,
one discloses the former to be smaller as compared to those in Table 2
(about 1 for and not more than 10 for ). The effect of this
discrepancy on the corresponding total reaction cross sections is shown
in Fig.4. The solid curves are calculations with parameters and from
Table 2. The dashed curves are with using and , estimated by
eq.(4.3) at and from Table 1. The dash-dotted curves show the
cross-sections for and from (: 2.1545, 0.425;
: 2.525, 0.45; : 3.60, 0.523), where they were used
in calculations of the real parts of nucleus-nucleus folding potentials
to explain the elastic scattering cross-sections at energies of about
10 MeV/nucleon. In all the cases we take . One
can see that for every set of colliding nuclei differences between the
respective cross-sections occur in the limits of .
Nevertheless, we incline to believe that a more rigorous method of obtaining
point-like density parameters is to analyze the form factors
of nuclei, and thus it is important to make up Tables of the respective
4.2 On establishing NN-interaction radius
It was shown in Sec.2 that at the same radii of the nucleon and
NN-interaction the convolution
integral is reduced to a simpler form (2.17) which contains
only thickness functions of nuclear matter distribution of a
target-nucleus and the point-like density of a projectile nucleus.
As to the NN-interaction parameter , it
is known from the scattering data of free nucleons to give
in the limits of . At the same
time, in the dipole formula, the nucleon -radius
was used as , and in
calculations of the double-folding potential it was
taken to be . The effect of their diffferences on the
reaction cross-sections is seen from Fig.5. In calculations,
convolution integrals were taken in the form (3.18). The
parameters of the point densities for ,
, are given in Table 2, and for they
were evaluated using eq.(4.3). For the projectile nucleus
we used -profile adjusted to the respective
thickness SF-density in the same manner as for Fig.3. It is seen
from Fig.5 that the obtained cross-sections, in fact, coincide to
each others. Therefore, the study of total cross-sections does not
allow us to distinguish between radii of a nucleon and the
NN-interaction. Moreover, one should bear in mind that the
amplitude of scattering of free nucleons and its parameter
can differ from those scattered in nuclear medium.
4.3 Influence of the trajectory distortion
In the repulsive Coulomb field the trajectory of an incident nucleus deflects from the scattering center, which results in decrease of the total reaction cross-section. This effect was taken into account in by replacing, in the phase , the impact parameter by the distance of the turning point in the Coulomb field
where is the half-distance of the closest approach in the field at . Later, the procedure of exchanging by was also used for the nuclear part of the phase in calculations of differential cross-sections of elastic scattering , and, in general, it proved to be correct (see, for instance, ). In addition, at peripheral collisions one can account for a contribution of the real part V(r) of an attractive nuclear potential, which brings the Coulomb trajectory closer to the target-nucleus. If one assumes the region to be the main for elastic scattering where the nuclear densities overlap less than 1/3 of their values in the center , then the influence of the ”tail” of the nuclear potential can be taken into account by exchanging
where . A more refined way of inclusion of nuclear distortion was elaborated in and applied in a series of works (see, for example, ). Nevertheless, if the optical potential itself is obtained by numerical fitting to experimental data, then the use of its real part to correct the Coulomb trajectory in calculations of the reaction cross-sections loses its meaning. Indeed, in these cases the data on are usually included into the fit procedure, or, if they are not available, then they themselves are calculated on the basis of the -matrix elements obtained by fitting the differential cross-sections of elastic scattering only. Often these ”calculated” data are called ”experimental” cross-sections. So the use of the nuclear trajectory distortion is meaningful only for construction of eikonal phases of distorted waves when calculating direct inelastic and nucleon removal reactions. Another situation is when the real part of the nucleus-nucleus potential is calculated, for example, using the double-folding method. Then it is reasonable to calculate both the differential and total cross-sections in the Glauber-Sitenko approach taking into account the trajectory distortion by both the Coulomb and nuclear field.
Figure 6 demonstrates the calculations by (3.17) of the total
cross-sections for Pb and OSi
without including trajectory distortion (solid curves), with the
Coulomb distortion only, using the method (4.4) (dotted), and
with the Coulomb and nuclear distortion by the method (4.5)
(dash-dotted). In the last case one should specify the parameters
of the nucleus-nucleus potentials, and for CPb we
took them from (the ”C-potential” at 390 MeV), and for
OSi from (the ”E-potential” at 215.2
MeV). In computing phases, we used for the parameters of
the point-like density from Table 2. The parameters of
are also given in Table 2. For and ,
the parameters were computed with the help of (4.3) using the
values and from Table 1. As expected, the inclusion of
Coulomb distortion leads to appreciable corrections, of the
order of 10100 MeV/nucleon and less, which is beyond experimental errors. As the
collision energy increases, these corrections diminish and for lighter
targets-nuclei (the right-hand part of Fig.6) they reach about 2they can be neglected. Contribution of the nuclear distortion is poor in
comparison with the Coulomb one for and comparable with this
for the reaction on the -target, although in the latter case both
the effects give small contributions. Besides, it is necessary to bear in
mind that the real part of the nuclear potential decreases with increasing
energy, but this was not taken into account.
4.4 In-medium effects
In the microscopic approach we deal with the total cross-section of the NN-scattering of free nucleons. This cross-section depends on energy, and thus defines the main dependence of the nucleus-nucleus cross-section on the collision energy . We have taken the parametrization of from in the energy interval . More generally, one should take into account the in-medium effect on the nucleon-nucleon interactions in nuclear matter. Usually, for this aim the cross-section is multiplied by the factor , and therefore, in the convolution integral the isospin averaged cross-section (2.3) is exchanged as follows:
The factors and depend of the nucleon energy and on the density of nuclear matter. The problem of
the in-medium corrections of the NN-forces has been investigated in many
works. So in , based on the Dirac-Bruckner approach for nuclear
matter, numerical calculations were made of the total NN cross-sections.
Parameterization of these calculations was given in in analytic
form for the correction factors
Here the energy is given in , and the density in . One can see that for free nucleons when , we have , and as the density increases these factors vanish, as well as the corresponding effective cross-sections999 In the microscopic models of the double-folding potentials the same problems arise when constructing the energy and in-medium dependence of NN-potentials. However, the advantage of the Glauber-Sitenko approach is that the main dependence of energy is already included in parametrization of the total cross-sections of free nucleons.. It is difficult to compute the convolution integrals with correction factors in the form (4.7) including the dependence on , and we limit ourselves to qualitative estimations only. In Fig.7 are shown such calculations when the values of nuclear densities in (4.7) are assumed to be constants for every region where the colliding nucleons can be. Then, denoting by the net density in the centers of colliding nuclei, we show the calculated cross-sections when the factor are taken for free nucleons (at =0, solid lines), and also for nucleons in the medium at =(1/20) (bold lines), (1/6) (dots), (1/3) (dash-dotted lines), (dashed curves). It is seen that the inclusion of the in-medium factors can diminish the total reaction cross-section by 4-7% and that the dependence on the density turns out to be strongly nonlinear.
5 Conclusions, comparison with experimental data
1. It is shown that the initial expression for the microscopic eikonal phase can be represented in a convenient form where one of two density thickness functions of point-like nucleons in nuclei transforms into the profile of a nuclear density obtained from independent experimental data, e.g., from nuclear form factors. Ultimately, it turns out that in calculations of nucleus-nucleus cross-sections it is not necessary to introduce free parameters but, instead, to base on the known experimental data, only.
2. The main problem of the microscopic approach is to calculate eikonal scattering phases. For this aim, many people use the simplest nuclear densities in the form of Gaussian functions. Instead, here we demonstrate how one can use the realistic density distributions in the form of (symmetrized) Fermi functions, whose parameters are known for many nuclei. In this case, all functions in the eikonal integrals turn out to be given in the explicit form, which highly simplifies numerical calculations.
3. Two methods of obtaining the radius and diffuseness parameters of the point-like density are presented. One of them deals with nuclear form factors, and the other obtains these parameters from the known nuclear densities . It turns out that the difference between the cross-sections calculated by using these two sets of parameters can achieve the value beyond the bars of typical experimental cross-sections. We conclude that a more justified method is that based on the analysis of form factors of nuclei obtained by subtracting the nucleon form factor and, if necessary, the form factor of the nuclear center-of-mass motion, as was carried out, for example, in .
4. In calculation, it was established that the radii of the nucleon-nucleon interaction and of the nucleon itself may be considered to be equal. The slight difference between them is in the range of accuracy of their evaluation, and this does not affect practically the results of calculations of the nucleus-nucleus total reaction cross-sections. At the same time at the convolution integrals take highly simple forms (2.16), (2.17) where only two profile functions overlap, one is for the nuclear density and the other is for the point-like density. Next, the convolution integral takes a simple one-dimensional form.
5. In many typical cases one should take into account a Coulomb trajectory distortion by means of the formal replacing, in the phase , the impact parameter by , according to (4.4). Additional distortion of the trajectory by the tail of a nuclear potential is not reasonable because its parameters are to be fitted, in particular, to the same data on total cross-sections.
6. The question whether the in-medium factor for corrections of the NN-cross-sections should be taken into consideration remains open for us till now. The estimations show that at intermediate energies this factor does not change substantially the nucleus-nucleus total cross-sections. Nevertheless, the use of the above given factors and from hinder the usual calculations. Other authors faced similar obstacles, for example, when solving a simpler problem of the scattering data analysis . Besides, in both these works, the Gaussian functions were chosen as the basic nuclear densities, while their replacing by the realistic ones can change the conclusions about the structure of the factors as compared to those given by eq.(4.7). For example, successful agreement of calculations with the data on total reaction cross-sections for a series of reactions pA, and was obtained in with realistic densities and with the factors differing in form from those given above 101010 In calculations of the real part of the double-folding nucleus-nucleus potential, the in-medium effect on the NN-potential is parametrized by simpler factors in the form of the step and exponential functions of densities (see., e.g., )..
7. Our calculations show that in the case of relatively light incident nuclei, it is more profitable to use the convolution integral (3.17) with the thickness function for the point-like density of the projectile nucleus in the form of the modified Gaussian -function. The latter is determined with the help of (3.6) and (3.7) by means of parameters of realistic SF-function taken, for example, from Table 2. In the case of heavier incident nuclei it is advantageous to use the convolution integral (2.16) where one can insert the known explicit form of the Fourier-Bessel profiles of realistic SF-densities (3.22) for both the nuclei. In all calculations the Coulomb distortion of trajectory should be first of all taken into account.
8. We emphasize that in the existing literature no attention is focused on the problem of correct use of the initial formula for the convolution integral. From the above discussion it is evident that if the finite radius of the NN-interaction () is taken into account explicitly, both the densities must be taken as densities of nuclei for the point-like nucleons. Further, when the rms-radii of the nucleon and the NN-interaction are equal to each other, the NN-interaction factor disappears in the convolution integral, but one of the point-like densities is transformed to the nuclear one. However, in this case, the absence of the NN-factor does not mean that one uses the zero-range approximation. The confusion arises also, when one assumes in (2.4) and calls this case the zero-range approximation, while at the same time takes for both the densities the table data, i.e., just the nuclear densities, instead of the point-like ones.
In Fig.8a,b, our calculations are compared with the experimental data collected in . The SF-density parameters are given in Table 1. For the density the parameters and of the projectile are given in Table 2, and for the incident nucleus they are calculated with the help of (4.3) and the data from Table 1. The convolution integral has been taken in the form of (3.17). Only the Coulomb trajectory distortion was taken into account. Thus, no free parameters have been introduced. One can see that in all cases a good agreement with experimental data is observed, except for and . In the latter cases, some discrepancies can be due to the fact that the parameters for densities of the odd nuclei and were obtained from form factors (for references see ) with the help of formulae for spinless nuclei. However, if one introduces the in-medium factor , the mentioned disagreements can be removed. Nevertheless, we believe that first of all one should improve the data on geometric parameters of the given nuclei. The other remark is that calculations of cross-sections in with the help of Gaussian functions , which reproduce the behavior of ”tails” of densities, give enhanced values which are beyond the experimental bars shown in Figs.8a,b. This is conceivable that in they took the nuclear densities instead of the point-like ones, as it was mentioned above. On the other hand, calculations in with the uniform density distributions for the target-nuclei and Gaussian functions for the projectiles give underestimations of the cross-sections for and , in spite of that they, probably, use not the point-like but nuclear densities for estimations of -radii needed to get the step radius in (3.3). So, this result confirms that shown in Fig.3.
In conclusion, the authors would like to thank the Infeld-Bogolubov Foundation for its support, and E.B.Z. acknowledges the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 0001-006-17).
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- G.R.Sachler, Nucl.Phys.A bf 279 493 (1977).
- G.Q.Li and R Machleidt, Phys.Rev. 48 1702 (1993); ibid. 49 566 (1994).
- Cai Xiangzhou, Feng Jun, Shen Wenqing, Ma Yugang, Wang Jiansong, and Ye Wei, Phys.Rev. 58 572 (1998).
- A.de Vismes, P.Roussel-Chomaz, and R.Carstoiu, Phys.Rev. 62 064612-1 (2000).
- R.K.Tripathi, J.W.Wilson, F.A.Cucinotta, Nucl.Instr. Meth.Phys.Res.B 145 277 (1998).
- Dao T.Khoa, G.R.Satchler, W.von Oertzen, Phys.Rev.C 56 954 (1997).
- S.Kox et al, Phys.Rev.C 35 1678 (1987).
- A.Y.Abul-Magd, M.Talib Ali-Alhinai, Nuovo Cim.A 110 1281 (1997). |
May 15, 2021
“In this new cycle of works, I tried to find a balance between drawing and painting. I looked for solutions on how to create, in the same image, the lightness of the drawing sketched into the shapes and the stratification of the painting, which is full of memories.
These are imaginary portraits of male and female figures. The classic pose of the figures is contaminated by Disney characters and illustrations from William Blake’s Divina Commedia - a reshuffling of iconographies and symbologies. Flowers, apples, birds, skulls, swords, snakes, wings, and talons are some of the elements that accompany and characterize the figures.
The title, Carousel, recalls the continuous rotating, going up and down - a play, an entertainment - it represents a way to outline the human condition through symbolic figures and scenes from Western art history such as Adam and Eve, The Expulsion from Paradise, the isolation, the temptation, the fall, and the rebirth.
In this new series of works, angels and devils resemble young teenagers or vice versa. The apple and the snake are recurrent in both Jung Adam and Rebel Eva: the apples have eyes, and they look out from their point of view; the snakes are depicted as comic-like, silly worms that come out from a heart or a chest. There’s no drama but amusement, play, vulnerability—something is exceeding or lacking from the classic representation.
In Jung King, the figure of a boy resembles a Peter Pan, or young hippie with a guitar, or a Renaissance page lifting his arms laughing. At his feet there are two flowers growing from two skulls (a quotation from Andy Warhol and Picasso). It is a subverted memento mori: once I finished the painting, I realized it made me think of the Pandemic.
Drama and comedy, density of significance, vivacity and irony in the association among the various elements—are what move these figures. It’s a Commedia dell’Arte. All of the figures emerge from a backdrop that I painted white: it’s a non-existent space, there’s no environment or location, but a light that makes everything readable, evident, from the small pencil mark to the light spray-painted shades or the spatula mark, dense with color. The light makes evident the drawing and painting work in outlining the warmth and the interiority of the characters.
The figures are contained inside a frame with blunt corners that delimit the vital space. This frame has different functions: it is the threshold from which the figures appear, a theatrical space that concentrates the gaze inside this symbolic space. It also has the shape of a smartphone with the images that scroll from social media.
Every painting has its title written under the figure, this creates an association with Tarots cards where the figures of man and women are symbols and phases of the climb or the descent, which dispense the various stages of the human life, like in Tarots, where everything is in the movement and change in its own repetition.”
Alessandro Pessoli (b. 1963, Cervia, Italy) is an internationally renowned artist who currently lives and works in Los Angeles. Pessoli studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Bologna and has been exhibited at institutions worldwide, including the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Museo d’Arte Contemporanea, Rome, The Drawing Center, New York, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles and at the Hammer Museum, Los Angeles. His work was also included in the 53rd Biennale di Venezia at the Palazzo Grassi, Venice. Pessoli is known for his evocative drawings, paintings, ceramics, and sculptures that often depict expressive, colorful figures inhabiting indeterminate spaces and in dreamlike narratives. His work is rich in historical references to art, cinema, literature, and theatre, but also in details drawn from everyday life and popular culture
2021The Brooklyn Rail |
2 edition of Best lesbian erotica, 2001 found in the catalog.
Best lesbian erotica, 2001
|Statement||edited by Tristan Taormino ; selected and introduced by Pat Califia.|
|Contributions||Califia-Rice, Patrick, 1954-, Taormino, Tristan, 1971-|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||xviii, 224 p. ;|
|Number of Pages||224|
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The 14 best sex scenes in literature. There's plenty of cringeworthy literary smut out there, as the annual Bad Sex Awards attest, but what about the good stuff. To mark the Bad Sex Award.
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A PURE HEART AND A GOOD CONSCIENCE
by Tony Alamo
First Timothy 1:5 says, “Now the end of the commandment [of GOD—the bottom line to the work of GOD] is charity [love] out of a PURE HEART, and of a good conscience, and of faith unfeigned [not phony].”
In order to exercise our spirits correctly, we must have love (which is the keeping of GOD’S commandments1), a pure heart, a good conscience, and unfeigned faith. If we lack any of these, we will not be able to exercise our spirit according to CHRIST’S instructions. Once again, this means that to exercise our spirit properly, we must allow the LORD to use HIS SPIRIT to work on every one of our inward parts, our inner being.
Verse 19 says, “Holding faith, and a good conscience; which some having put away [thrust away] concerning faith have made shipwreck.” Not holding a good conscience causes us to be useless, like a wrecked ship.
Romans 8:16 says, “The SPIRIT [of GOD] itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children [the sons] of GOD.” Romans 9:1 says, “I say the truth in CHRIST, I lie not, my conscience also bearing me witness in the HOLY SPIRIT.” If our conscience is convicting us because we have done or are doing something wrong, we cannot have an obedient spirit to CHRIST. Our spirits will be mortified, not exercised.2 First Timothy 3:9 says, “Holding the mystery of the faith in a pure conscience,” and Second Timothy 1:3 begins, “I thank GOD, whom I serve from my forefathers with pure conscience.”
Webster’s Dictionary states that the word “pure” means “unmixed.” If we have a pure conscience, the work we do for GOD is not mixed with work for ourselves or work for Satan.3 Our work is purely for and with GOD only, unmixed with anything else.
To exercise our spirit, we need not only a good conscience but a pure conscience.4 Let me illustrate the difference between a good conscience and a pure conscience. If we do something wrong before GOD or man, we will have an evil conscience, a conscience with offence, conviction, and condemnation. After we deal with what we’ve done wrong by washing it away by faith with the blood of JESUS, we will have a conscience that is cleansed, without offence to GOD, and without condemnation from GOD.5 This is a good conscience. However, we may still not be purely for GOD or for HIS will. What we seek may be good and not sinful, but it may be something other than GOD HIMSELF. This mixture indicates that we do not have a pure heart to seek and/or work for GOD only.
Proverbs 21:2 says, “Every way of a man is right in his own eyes: but the LORD pondereth the hearts [as to whether it is pure or only good].” Proverbs 12:15 states, “The way of a fool is right in his own eyes: but he that hearkeneth unto counsel is wise.” If our heart is not pure and single, our conscience will not be pure and single. JESUS literally said in Mark 8:34-35, “Whosoever will come after ME, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow ME. For whosoever will save his life shall lose it; but whosoever shall lose his life for MY sake and the Gospel’s, the same shall save it.” JESUS doesn’t use any idle words. When HE says, “Follow ME,” HE means follow HIM. There are no time-outs.6 JESUS never took a break for entertainment, recreation, sports, or anything else. HE fed the multitude of 5,000 men and women and children. HE went immediately up the mountain to pray, went to the sea of Galilee, rebuked the wind and water, traveled from town to town healing all the sick, cast thousands of devils out of the man, Legion, and into the swine, cleansed the lepers, healed the blind, the deaf, and the lame, raised the dead, and preached the Kingdom of Heaven to everyone.7
Matthew 11:2-6 states, “Now when John had heard in the prison the works of CHRIST, he sent two of his disciples, And said unto HIM, Art THOU HE that should come, or do we look for another? JESUS answered and said unto them, Go and show John again those things which ye do hear and see: The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them. And blessed is he, whosoever shall not be offended in ME.”
The Scriptures clearly show that JESUS was always very busy for HIS FATHER in Heaven. Now, HE summons you to come and follow HIM.8 But what do most professing Christians do? They go to church reluctantly, once in a great while. Some never go to church except on Easter or Christmas, and most never go to church. Most of them go to churches that are not of GOD. Politicians go to church as a cover-up, to make it look as though they are somewhat Godly. This type of lifestyle does not make for a good or pure conscience. Many people go to churches for one or two hours a week, but they don’t go there to follow JESUS and serve GOD. “Serving GOD” means to study the WORD of GOD,9 pray without ceasing,10 witness and testify,11 and to attend church as it says in Hebrews 10:25: “Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is; but exhorting one another: and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching.”
John 6:53 states JESUS said, “Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except ye eat the flesh of the SON of MAN [do all the things that HE did when HE was walking on earth], and drink HIS blood [keep yourself always cleansed from sins by HIS blood], ye have no LIFE in you. Whoso eateth MY flesh, and drinketh MY blood [in other words, he who walks in HIS SPIRIT, which is the river of LIFE, and drinks HIS blood, which keeps our souls pure from sin, unmixed], hath eternal LIFE; and I will raise him up at the last day.… He that eateth MY flesh, and drinketh MY blood, dwelleth in ME, and I in him” (John 6:53-54, 56). It is impossible for us to live in CHRIST, for CHRIST to live in us, and for us to follow HIM doing HIS work unless HE is, by the SPIRIT, living deeply in us, and we are living deeply in HIM. “As the living FATHER hath sent ME, and I live by the FATHER [who is a SPIRIT]” (John 6:57).
John 4:23-24 states, “But the hour cometh, and now is, when the true worshippers [those who do the work in service to the LORD and of the LORD] shall worship the FATHER in spirit [can do the work of the FATHER only by living in the HOLY SPIRIT] and in truth [JESUS said, ‘I am the TRUTH’ as well as the WORD of GOD12]: for the FATHER seeketh such to worship HIM. GOD is SPIRIT: and they that worship HIM must worship HIM in spirit and in truth.”
It is impossible to serve GOD unless one is living totally in the HOLY SPIRIT, which means not living a life of luxury, not living half in the LORD and half in amusements, vacations, or in the sinful flesh in any way. It is a crucified life when you are following CHRIST in spirit and in deed.13 People who are living any kind of life other than this are only fooling themselves. They will one day have a crude and cruel awakening when it will be too late to recover. The world has been put on a very bad course by false religions. People should never follow religions, but should only follow the KJV Bible.
What did JESUS mean when HE told us in Mark 8:35, “For whosoever will save his life shall lose it; but whosoever shall lose his life for MY sake and the Gospel’s, the same shall save it”? You can only lose your former, sinful life so you can gain GOD’S immortal LIFE when you are able to receive the fact that “The LORD your GOD is GOD of gods, and LORD of lords, a great GOD, a mighty, and a terrible” (Deuteronomy 10:17). When we have the fear of the LORD so much that we are able to lose our temporal, sinful lives, we will not have to fear Judgment Day, nor our enemies. Deuteronomy 7:21 tells us, “Thou shalt not be affrighted at them: for the LORD thy GOD is among you, a mighty GOD and terrible.” The meaning of the word “terrible” is, according to the Webster’s Dictionary, “causing terror; dreadful; extreme; intense.” Yes, GOD is intense.14 HE doesn’t utter even one idle word. HE means everything HE says, even if ungodly people, liberals, will tell you differently.
You must have the awareness and the fear to know that if you don’t intently do what the intense and terrible GOD tells you that you must do to enter Heaven, you will spend eternity in the Lake of Fire, screaming your head off with all your might. GOD is not kidding. HE is not a kidder.15 When you have the fear of the LORD, it will swallow up your former life of sin.16
What point is there in withholding our lives from serving GOD? It is the end of time, and the whole world is winding down rapidly!17 The Antichrist is here.18 It is the one world church cult. Its headquarters are located in Rome, Italy, the city of the seven mountains (Revelation 17:3-9). Satan’s church and his government, which is the beast, the one world government, the new world order, and the spirit of Satan, have taken hold everywhere. Satan deceiveth the whole world.19 Revelation 12:9 states, “And the great dragon was cast out [from Heaven], that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world.” Can’t you tell? In public schools, even the children have been overpowered, deceived, into the world’s satanic ways. Little boys and girls are dirty dancing, rubbing against themselves sensually, thinking themselves to be wise. They receive the free handouts of birth control pills and condoms. They are being taught that homosexuality is an alternative sexual preference,20 and that all other types of perversion are pretty much acceptable today (horses, dogs, chickens, ducks—the entire barnyard is acceptable these days).21 I wouldn’t want to be in the presence of these perverts on Judgment Day, at the judgment bar of GOD, when all the things they have done to defile themselves are being played back to them and they are cast out into outer darkness and into the gruesome Lake of Fire.22 They will not think themselves to be so cool, that they were so modern, so up-to-date, to have accepted the new world order’s satanic lifestyle when they’re being sent out from GOD like a bolt of lightning into the place where nobody really wants to go or to spend eternity.
In case you haven’t noticed, all peace has been taken away from the earth (Revelation 6:4). JESUS said it’s going to get worse and worse.23 The four horsemen of the Apocalypse are mentioned in chapter 6 of the Book of the Apocalypse, which is the book of Revelation. The second horse is a red horse, and it is said of him that he will be given great power: “and power was given to him that sat thereon to take PEACE from the earth.” When the HOLY SPIRIT states that PEACE will be taken from the earth, HE doesn’t say “a little PEACE,” HE says “PEACE,” meaning “ALL PEACE.”
It used to be that when you went to a motion picture theater, you could relax, have a little peace, and watch the movie. But today, you don’t know if Batman may burst through an exit door with a machine gun, killing or maiming you, one of your friends, or one of your loved ones. You could be driving down the street or a highway and be shot or have a grenade thrown through your car window by a drive-by shooter or a terrorist. I’ve heard there are people who will pour gasoline on your house and torch it at night, while you are sleeping. Then, of course, we also have the little men who are walking around cities (maybe your hometown) with weapons of mass destruction in their briefcases. There are chemical weapons, germ warfare, and bombs that have the power to annihilate entire cities. People might see you eating in a restaurant and wonder why you have money to eat and they don’t, so they figure they’ll teach you a lesson: they walk in with a gun and methodically go from table to table, shooting everyone. This happened in a Furr’s cafeteria. You have read about things like this happening in many fast food restaurants and many other places of business. Mothers are murdering their children. Dads are murdering their children. Wives are murdering their husbands while they sleep, and husbands are murdering their wives. I’m sure you can see that there isn’t any peace left on earth. Notice that I haven’t even mentioned government harassment, the IRS, and millions of other things. The only ones that have any peace today are those of us that are saved, that are in the river of LIFE, which is CHRIST.24
JESUS said, “I will not leave you comfortless: I will come to you. Yet a little while, and the world [the wicked people of the world] seeth ME no more; but ye [shall] see ME: because I live, ye shall live also. At that day ye shall know that I am in MY FATHER, and ye in ME, and I in you. He that hath MY commandments, AND KEEPETH THEM, he it is that loveth ME: and he that loveth ME shall be loved of MY FATHER, and I will love him, and will manifest MYSELF to him. Judas saith unto HIM, not Iscariot, LORD, how is it that THOU wilt manifest THYSELF unto us, and not unto the world? JESUS answered and said unto him, If a man love ME, he will keep MY words: and MY FATHER will love him, and WE will come unto him, and make OUR abode with him. He that loveth ME not keepeth not MY sayings: and the word which ye hear is not MINE, but the FATHER’S which sent ME. These things have I spoken unto you, being yet present with you. But the COMFORTER, which is the HOLY SPIRIT, whom the FATHER will send in MY name, HE shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you. PEACE I leave with you [only Christians], MY PEACE I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid” (John 14:18-27). Christians have no need to be afraid because if we die or get killed, we’re saved, we’re in Heaven, and we sit with CHRIST in Heavenly places.25 CHRIST has already raised us up, “And hath raised us up together, and made us sit together in Heavenly places in CHRIST JESUS” (Ephesians 2:6). So we’re already there.
Those of us who are encouraged as we see all the signs of the end of time being fulfilled know, when we lose our lives which are but temporal,26 that we will move into the eternal LIFE of CHRIST, which also is the fountain of LIFE.27 We stay busy attempting to convince all the people in the world to give up their worthless lives of sin and shame so they can live the happy life of knowing that if they suddenly die, they will live a very blessed and rich life forever in Heaven, where they will always be young and beautiful, where there will be no more death, no sickness, no pain, no devil, no loss of anything, no poverty, no bills, no need for secular government support, no crime, no smut of any kind, and freedom from all evil.28
If all this and much more is worth losing your temporal, sinful, worthless life (which it is), then repent and be saved.
Everyone is perfect in Heaven! If you have a missing body part or any other imperfection, you will be perfect in Heaven because you gave up everything for the LIFE of GOD, and you gave up everything to help others to gain the above mentioned LIFE. My life ended when GOD audibly shut my ears and HIS voice echoed through every fiber of my being. This happened in a lawyer’s office in Beverly Hills, California when I was promoting the career of a young singer. I heard GOD’S voice plainly. There was no mistaking as to who it was who was speaking to me. I was reluctant to tell the people in the lawyer’s office what GOD was telling me to tell them. So GOD, for emphasis, began pulling my spirit in and out of my body. Then I immediately began telling the people in the office what the LORD was telling me to tell them. GOD has shown me Heaven and Hell in visions, and I saw JESUS while my eyes were wide open. I have seen many visions, signs, and wonders. All these have caused me to give up my former vain life of sin, and I have never regretted it, ever.
I have had trials and tribulations, just like you will have or maybe already have had. JESUS told us these facts in John 15:17-27: “These things I command you, that ye love one another. If the world hate you, ye know that it hated ME before it hated you. If ye were of the world, the world would love his own: but because ye are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of the world, therefore the world hateth you. Remember the word that I said unto you, The servant is not greater than his lord. If they have persecuted ME, they will also persecute you; if they have kept MY saying, they will keep yours also. But all these things will they do unto you for MY name’s sake, because they know not HIM that sent ME. If I had not come and spoken unto them, they had not had sin: but now they have no cloak for their sin. He that hateth ME hateth MY FATHER also. If I had not done among them the works which none other man did, they had not had sin: but now have they both seen and hated both ME and MY FATHER. But this cometh to pass, that the word might be fulfilled that is written in their law, They hated ME without a cause. But when the COMFORTER is come, whom I will send unto you from the FATHER, even the SPIRIT of TRUTH, which proceedeth from the FATHER, HE shall testify of ME: And ye also shall bear witness, because ye have been with ME from the beginning.”
JESUS used my late wife Susie and myself to start what the media calls “The JESUS Movement.” This was in the mid 1960s. Susie passed away on April 8, 1982. This was the worst thing that has ever happened to me in my entire life. I miss her more than I could ever say.
I am so happy that GOD and HIS SON JESUS saved my soul from a burning Hell and the Lake of Fire. Why don’t you allow the LORD to cause you this great happiness as well? You will never regret it here or throughout eternity. Begin your Christian LIFE now by saying this prayer. Then be baptized, fully submerged in water, in the name of the FATHER, and of the SON, and of the HOLY SPIRIT. Praise and thank the LORD for saving your soul. Then study the King James Version Bible, and do what it says. Stay in the SPIRIT.
My LORD and my GOD, have mercy upon my soul, a sinner. 1 I believe that JESUS CHRIST is the SON of the living GOD. 2 I believe that HE died on the cross and shed HIS precious blood for the forgiveness of all my former sins. 3 I believe that GOD raised JESUS from the dead by the power of the HOLY SPIRIT 4 and that HE sits on the right hand of GOD at this moment, hearing my confession of sin and this prayer. 5 I open up the door of my heart, and I invite YOU into my heart, LORD JESUS. 6 Wash all of my filthy sins away in the precious blood that YOU shed in my place on the cross at Calvary. 7 YOU will not turn me away, LORD JESUS; YOU will forgive my sins and save my soul. I know because YOUR WORD, the Bible, says so. 8 YOUR WORD says that YOU will turn no one away, and that includes me. 9 Therefore, I know that YOU have heard me, and I know that YOU have answered me, and I know that I am saved. 10 And I thank YOU, LORD JESUS, for saving my soul, and I will show my thankfulness by doing as YOU command and sin no more.11
Now that you are saved, make sure you are baptized, fully submerged in water, in the name of the FATHER, in the name of the SON, and in the name of the HOLY SPIRIT (Matthew 28:18-20). Serve GOD with all of your heart, soul, mind, and strength (Mark 12:30). Study the Scriptures, and do what they say until the day you die (2 Timothy 2:15, 3:14-17).
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A Pure Heart And A Good Conscience footnotes:
14. Gen. chaps. 6-7, 19:1-29, Ex. 19:16-20, chap. 20, Lev. 26:14-46, Num. 25:1-9, Deut. 4:24, 10:17, 28:14-68, Job 18:14, Psa. 2:1-5, 9-12, Psa. 11:5-6, Prov. 1:24-29, Isa. 2:10-11, 19-22, Rom. 1:18, 2:6-11, Col. 3:5-6, Heb. 10:30-31, 12:28-29, 2 Pet. 2:4-9, 20-22, 3:3-12, Rev. 6:12-17, 8:5-13, chaps. 9, 16 return
22. Psa. 9:17, Isa. 5:11-15, 66:24, Matt. 7:13, 8:12, 10:28, 13:36-42, 47-50, 18:6-9, 22:8-13, 24:44-51, 25:31-46, Luke 3:17, 13:24-28, 16:19-31, 2 Thes. 1:6-9, Heb. 6:4-8, 2 Pet. 2:1-9, Jude 5-7, Rev. 20:11-15, 21:8 return
1. Psa. 51:5, Rom. 3:10-12, 23 return
2. Matt. 26:63-64, 27:54, Luke 1:30-33, John 9:35-37, Rom. 1:3-4 return
3. Acts 4:12, 20:28, Rom. 3:25, I John 1:7, Rev. 5:9 return
4. Psa. 16:9-10, Matt. 28:5-7, Mark 16:9, 12, 14, John 2:19, 21, 10:17-18, 11:25, Acts 2:24, 3:15, Rom. 8:11, I Cor. 15:3-7 return
5. Luke 22:69, Acts 2:25-36, Heb. 10:12-13 return
6. I Cor. 3:16, Rev. 3:20 return
7. Eph. 2:13-22, Heb. 9:22, 13:12, 20-21, I John 1:7, Rev. 1:5, 7:14 return
8. Matt. 26:28, Acts 2:21, 4:12, Eph. 1:7, Col. 1:14 return
9. Matt. 21:22, John 6:35, 37-40, Rom. 10:13 return
10. Heb. 11:6 return
11. John 5:14, 8:11, Rom. 6:4, I Cor. 15:10, Rev. 7:14, 22:14 return |
North America Trans Radial Access Market, By Product (Guide Wires, Guiding Catheters, Sheaths and Sheath Introducers, Micro-catheters, Intermediate Catheters and Accessories), Application (Neurovascular, Cardiology, Peripheral Vascular and Others), Usage (Drug Administration, Fluid and Nutrition Administration, Blood Transfusion and Diagnostics and Testing), End User (Hospitals, Clinics, Ambulatory Care Centres and Others), Country (U.S., Canada and Mexico) Industry Trends and Forecast to 2028
Data Bridge Market Research analyses that the trans radial access market will exhibit a CAGR of around 8% for the forecast period of 2021-2028. Rising prevalence of obesity, growth in the number of heat patients, rising technological development in the field of oncology and increased expenditure for the research and development proficiencies resulting in innovations in the healthcare technology are the major factors attributable to the growth of trans radial access market.
Trans radial access devices are used in coronary cases with lower implications. The trans radial access devices are used for peripheral artery diseases. The trans radial access devices are also used to treat peripheral lesions. In other words, trans radial access devices are used in the catheterization procedure to treat and diagnose arterial diseases. In this procedure, a long tube (catheter) is inserted into the patient through renal artery which is a blood vessel in the arm. The radial artery in the wrist is used as an entry point for the catheter.
Rising prevalence of cardiovascular diseases coupled with increased adoption of radial access devices in paediatric patients is bolstering the market growth rate in the upward direction. Rising awareness about the advantages of interventional procedures coupled with rising demand and need for chemotherapy procedures is one of the major factors fostering the growth of the market. Adoption of bad lifestyle coupled with the ever-rising geriatric population and personal disposable income is another important market growth determinant.
However, inferior product quality will lead to product recalls and failures and this in turn will derail the market growth rate. Unfavourable reimbursement policies in the developing economies will further pose challenges for the market growth. High costs associated with the procedure coupled with stringent regulatory policies will also hamper the market growth rate.
This trans radial access market report provides details of new recent developments, trade regulations, import export analysis, production analysis, value chain optimization, market share, impact of domestic and localised market players, analyses opportunities in terms of emerging revenue pockets, changes in market regulations, strategic market growth analysis, market size, category market growths, application niches and dominance, product approvals, product launches, geographic expansions, technological innovations in the market. To gain more info on trans radial access market contact Data Bridge Market Research for an Analyst Brief, our team will help you take an informed market decision to achieve market growth.
North America Trans radial Access Market Scope and Market Size
The trans radial access market is segmented on the basis of product, application, usage and end users. The growth amongst these segments will help you analyse meagre growth segments in the industries, and provide the users with valuable market overview and market insights to help them in making strategic decisions for identification of core market applications.
- The North America trans radial access market is segmented based on product into six notable segments; sheaths and sheath introducers, micro catheters, guide wires, guiding catheters, intermediate catheters and accessories.
- The North America trans radial access market is segmented based on application into three notable segments; neurovascular, cardiology, and peripheral vascular.
- The North America trans radial access market is segmented based on usage into four notable segments; drug administration, fluid and nutrition administration, diagnostics and testing and blood transfusion.
- The North America trans radial access market is segmented based on end user into four notable segments; hospital, clinics, ambulatory care centres and others.
North America Trans radial Access Market Country Level Analysis
The trans radial access market is analysed and market size insights and trends are provided by product, application, usage and end users as referenced above.
The countries covered in the trans radial access market report are U.S., Canada and Mexico in North America.
North America currently dominates and continues to flourish the trans radial access market in the forecast period owing to the favourable reimbursement scenario, rising prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and existence of major market players. Rising number of cancer patients and increase in research and clinical trials for vascular access devices are other important factors acting as market growth determinants.
The country section of the trans radial access market report also provides individual market impacting factors and changes in regulation in the market domestically that impacts the current and future trends of the market. Data points such as consumption volumes, production sites and volumes, import export analysis, price trend analysis, cost of raw materials, down-stream and upstream value chain analysis are some of the major pointers used to forecast the market scenario for individual countries. Also, presence and availability of global brands and their challenges faced due to large or scarce competition from local and domestic brands, impact of domestic tariffs and trade routes are considered while providing forecast analysis of the country data.
Healthcare Infrastructure growth Installed base and New Technology Penetration
Trans radial access market also provides you with detailed market analysis for every country growth in healthcare expenditure for capital equipment, installed base of different kind of products for digital health technologies market, impact of technology using life line curves and changes in healthcare regulatory scenarios and their impact on the trans radial access market. The data is available for historic period 2010 to 2019.
Competitive Landscape and North America Trans radial Access Market Share Analysis
The trans radial access market competitive landscape provides details by competitor. Details included are company overview, company financials, revenue generated, market potential, investment in research and development, new market initiatives, global presence, production sites and facilities, production capacities, company strengths and weaknesses, product launch, product width and breadth, application dominance. The above data points provided are only related to the companies’ focus related to trans radial access market.
The major players covered in the trans radial access market report are Smiths Medical, BD, Medtronic, Terumo Medical Corporation, Nipro Medical Corporation, Stryker, Cardinal Health., Teleflex Incorporated., Edwards Lifesciences Corporation., Merit Medical Systems., Amecath, OSCOR Inc, Penumbra, Inc., AngioDynamics., B. Braun Melsungen AG, Changzhou Huida Medical Instrument Co., Ltd., Medical Devices Business Services, Inc., evonos GmbH & Co. KG, Integra LifeSciences Corporation. and KLS Martin Group. among other domestic and global players. Market share data is available for Global, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), Middle East and Africa (MEA) and South America separately. DBMR analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.
Customization Available : North America Trans radial Access Market
Data Bridge Market Research is a leader in advanced formative research. We take pride in servicing our existing and new customers with data and analysis that match and suits their goal. The report can be customised to include price trend analysis of target brands understanding the market for additional countries (ask for the list of countries), clinical trial results data, literature review, refurbished market and product base analysis. Market analysis of target competitors can be analysed from technology-based analysis to market portfolio strategies. We can add as many competitors that you require data about in the format and data style you are looking for. Our team of analysts can also provide you data in crude raw excel files pivot tables (Factbook) or can assist you in creating presentations from the data sets available in the report. |
This is an excerpt from The Simple Leader: Personal and Professional Leadership at the Nexus of Lean and Zen
Unless you try to do something beyond what you have already mastered, you will never grow.
– Ralph Waldo Emerson
Acquiring new knowledge and perspectives helps you grow within your general area of comfort or interest. To really grow, you need to stretch yourself outside of that comfort zone by learning or experiencing something completely different. In addition to acquiring the new skill, knowledge, or experience, you also create confidence in your ability to break boundaries. This can help you awaken to your true meaning.
A couple years ago, I came across an article by Heather Kelly on CNN.com (“Mark Zuckerberg’s Bizarre New Self-Improvement Goal”) about how Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg sets an annual “challenge” goal:
Every year, the Facebook CEO sets some sort of challenge for himself. In 2009, he vowed to wear a tie to work every day to show he was serious about Facebook’s growth (and possibly get a break from the signature T-shirt and hoodie he wears to every public event). In 2010, he tried to learn Mandarin.
The annual challenges sometimes make headlines, most famously in 2011 when Zuck vowed to eat animals only if he had killed them himself. That pronouncement led to a mixture of backlash and praise from animal-rights activists.
This year , the famously introverted Zuckerberg is seeking out more conversations with actual humans.
Seeking out more human interaction as a goal seems a bit odd until you think about the world that the young founder of Facebook lives in: a rarified air of groupies, yes-men, analysts, and press types. Interacting with “actual humans” is probably a challenge. Why is that bizarre? I applaud him for it. In 2013, Zuckerberg’s goal was to meet someone new every day; in 2014, he challenged himself to write one thank you note each day; and in 2015, he read a new book every other week.
A key outcome to these challenges is that he learns something new and (often) unexpected. Trying to learn Mandarin taught him that he didn’t listen well, and a year of killing animals made him consider becoming vegetarian. Zuckerberg’s 2012 goal, to converse with humans, helped him understand the personal side of immigration issues.
The reason Zuckerberg’s “bizarre” goals resonated with me is because I have had similar goals for well over twenty years. At first they weren’t true goals—they were just something fun to do. But for the last decade or more, the goals have been formal, with a process for identifying, executing and reviewing progress.
Over the past couple decades, I learned to scuba dive, windsurf, and code HTML by hand. I wrote a book, rebuilt a yellow 1973 Triumph Spitfire, became a vegetarian (rather, a “pescaterian”), skied in five different European countries over six days, started a blog, and ran a full marathon. Toward the end of each year, I identify something to try that is different, unique, or challenging, and develop a plan to dive into it. During the next year, I execute, reflect, and adjust based on my observations. Sound familiar? Plan, do, study, act.
In 2012, my goal was to leave a great job as president of a medical device company and take more control of my life. I notified the board in January, executed a transition plan for myself and the company, and, like a skydiver jumping out of a perfectly good airplane, left full-time secure employment on December 31st. I’m loving it, and the move also created positive secondary effects for the company: a great new Lean leader was developed to replace me and the company got a fresh infusion of Lean energy.
One of my other recent goals—related to this book—was to learn about and understand Buddhism, something I’d bumped into during my trips to Asia and also while living in California. I read books about it, talked to a lot of people, and in a sense, went to the gemba by spending a few weeks in Bhutan and Nepal. I learned about Zen’s history, how it evolved and split into the Theravada and Mahayana traditions, how Mahayana then evolved into Pure Land, Tibetan, and the Zen tradition that’s increasingly popular in the West. What I learned changed how I understood myself.
My goal this year is to read an important work of literature from each of the major ethnic groups or cultures: Latin American, Chinese, Indian, African, and so forth. My annual exploration takes me down some interesting and often unexpected paths, teaching me new thoughts, knowledge, or activities.
The point is that many people say they “think outside the box” but most do not actually explore outside the box. Relatively few people live with an open mind, and even fewer create goals to stretch themselves. Most people find it very difficult to put processes and hansei in place (Zuckerberg apparently does) because it is easier to talk than to act.
I can’t claim credit for knowingly thinking outside the box, especially initially. I sort of fell into doing it. But trying new things has broadened my perspectives by challenging my old perceptions and beliefs. It has deepened my understanding of the world we live in and taken me to interesting places—both physical and spiritual—that I previously wasn’t even aware of.
How will you explore out of the box next year? Perhaps more importantly, how will you ensure you actually do it, and why? |
How To Write A Proposal For An Essay
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The Market Economy and Christian Ethics, by Peter H. Sedgwick
Peter Sedgwick has provided a fine service in reviewing a vast number of sources related to economic life today, though the title of his book should have been Consumption, Work and Human Identity: A Treatise in Christian Anthropology. Readers misled by the present title into expecting to learn what Christian ethics has to say about the morality of markets will be left scratching their heads.
Central to Sedgwick's thesis that "the market world has created the modern society" is Jürgen Habermas's account of personal identity. Habermas's view of the "colonization of the life world" by instrumental rationality provides a fundamental critique of economic life. According to Sedgwick, he "provides the theologian with a philosophical account of contemporary social structures, authority and state power." At the same time, "there are profound problems for the theologian in Habermas's understanding of language, tradition and moral value." Sedgwick leaves the reader to figure out how the contributions and problems arising in Habermas's work interact if that work is utilized by theologians. The author identifies some of his misgivings (Habermas has no role for worship and no substantive notion of the good) but says remarkably little about his own resolution of the tensions in Habermas.
The form of Sedgwick's treatment of Habermas is typical of the book. He provides a masterful interweaving of diverse scholarship on the ways that contemporary patterns of consumption and work effect personal identity. Most of the book is an extended (and quite perceptive) bibliographic essay. The author gives a brief glimpse of his views at the end of each chapter. In the short concluding chapter he includes a strong paragraph outlining his own view of Christian identity. It should be creative, restrained (i.e., without compulsive desire to consume), based in the Spirit, and provide "a security in the fragmented world of the global economy, where all local identities are challenged and even sometimes destroyed by the power of the market." Yet the reader is frequently left unsure as to how much of what Sedgwick reviews he himself believes.
The one exception to this pattern is the treatment of consumerism, where Sedgwick sharply disagrees with Thorstein Veblen's view of consumption (for Sedgwick, consumerism is a misguided but religiously significant search for identity) and with M. Douglas Meeks's "failure to engage seriously with contemporary economic life."
The book includes a chapter titled "Globalization," in which a treatment of broader moral issues might be expected. Yet the author advises the reader that "the focus of this chapter is not, however, globalization per se. It is rather the nature of human identity, as shaped by consumption, work and the market." The final major chapter recounts the response of the churches. Here too the author limits himself almost exclusively to reviewing existing literature. Sedgwick, who is assistant secretary for the Church of England's Board of Social Responsibility, provides more than 25 pages of summary of the U.S. Catholic bishops' 1986 pastoral letter on the economy. Though this will be helpful to many, the author does not make his own case.
In the book's final paragraph Sedgwick concludes that we should not "take such a clear-cut position" as have critics of the market like Meeks and Stanley Hauerwas. "Alongside the poverty and exploitation there are also the great benefits provided by the next stage of global capitalism," he states. Proponents of capitalism argue, of course, that the poverty and exploitation are incidental to global capitalism and unnecessary. Poverty has long antedated capitalism, and exploitation caused by human sinfulness has marked every era.
Unfortunately, we never hear Sedgwick's own resolution of the conflicting accounts, from right to left, of just how poverty and exploitation are related to globalizing markets today. We know only that he agrees with the critics of globalization that global capitalism exploits and with the supporters of capitalism that it provides sufficient benefits that it shouldn't be opposed outright. But since the book has been largely about the view of the human person and not about the morality of the market economy, Sedgwick leaves us to guess the logic behind his own position. |
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Meera and I got talking after she wrote her fantastic article 10 Reasons Parents Should Read Multicultural Books to Kids. We felt we had a responsibility to let Barnes & Noble know how we felt about their children’s book selection, particularly that multicultural titles are so poorly represented. So we put together this letter and sent it to them. Here is the beginning:
Dear Barnes & Noble,
We love the diverse selection of books you offer and how much fun our children have browsing through books and games every time we come in to your store. We frequently purchase books for presents on our way to a birthday party but we always notice something is missing when we browse the children’s section: more multicultural children’s literature. Read more here.
If you feel compelled to see more multicultural titles at Barnes&Noble, please feel free to email or tweet them:
B&N Email: [email protected]
B&N Twitter @BNBuzz
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Rising health care prices have increased concerns about hospital and health system consolidation among policymakers, regulators, employers, and other purchasers of health coverage. Although merging hospitals and health systems claim they can achieve greater efficiencies through their consolidation, the economic literature almost universally finds that hospitals that merge have prices above those of surrounding hospitals. More broadly, markets with increased levels of provider concentration, regardless of the reason, tend to see higher prices. Indeed, increases in hospital prices have been a key factor driving the growth of commercial health insurance costs over the past decade.
As prices have risen, employers have shifted an ever greater share of the costs to employees. Over the past ten years, the average worker contribution for family coverage has increased faster than the average employer contribution (65 percent vs. 51 percent). Indeed, employee contributions have risen almost 300 percent since 1999. High-deductible health plans are now 29 percent of the market (up from 9 percent). The increased negotiating clout of a concentrated provider sector also influences payers’ ability to maximize value-improving practices, such as alternative payment models, quality improvement, and transparency efforts. Insurers—under pressure from employer purchasers and policymakers to keep costs affordable while maintaining health care quality—are thus exploring a range of strategies to counter provider consolidation in their markets. The ability to implement and successfully deploy these strategies can vary significantly, depending on the market in which insurers are operating.
In a series of six market-level, qualitative case studies, we assess the impact of recent provider consolidations and overall provider concentration, the ability of market participants (and, where relevant, regulators) to respond to those consolidations, and effective strategies for constraining cost growth while maintaining clinical quality. Our case studies focus on the commercial insurance market, though we recognize that providers and insurers are often operating in multiple markets, including Medicare Advantage, Medicaid managed care, and the Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplaces. We do not attempt to quantify the effect of provider consolidation in these markets, such as through provider rate or premium changes.
This interim report discusses findings from three markets studied to date (Detroit, Syracuse and Northern Virginia). A final report will present cross-cutting findings from these and three additional markets chosen to reflect geographic diversity and a range of market dynamics. |
Vicryl (polyglactin 910) is an adsorbable, synthetic, usually braided suture, manufactured by Ethicon Inc., a subsidiary of Johnson and Johnson. A monofilament version is also made for use in ophthalmic practice. It is indicated for soft tissue approximation and ligation. The suture holds its tensile strength for approximately two to three weeks in tissue and is completely absorbed by hydrolysis within 56 to 70 days. Vicryl and other polyglycolic-acid sutures may also be treated for more rapid breakdown ("Vicryl Rapide") in rapidly healing tissues such as mucous membrane or impregnated with triclosan ("Vicryl Plus Antibacterial") to provide antimicrobial protection of the suture line. Because Vicryl is slow-absorbing and often braided, its use is contraindicated in the closure of any cutaneous wound exposed to the air, as it draws moisture from the healing tissue to the skin and allows bacteria and irritants to migrate into the wound. This may lead to high reactivity to the contaminants, poor wound healing, and eventually infection.[failed verification]
Although the name "Vicryl" is a trademark of Ethicon, the term "vicryl" has been used generically referring to any synthetic absorbable suture made primarily of polyglycolic acid. Other brands of polyglycolic acid suture include PolySyn, Surgicryl, Polysorb, and Dexon, all of which are manufactured by different companies. Vicryl is a copolymer of lactide (a cyclic diester of lactic acid) and glycolide (a cyclic diester of glycolic acid). In practice, Vicryl comes braided, dyed or undyed with the following decay schedule: 75% at two weeks, 50% at three weeks, and 25% at four weeks (i.e., the sutures retain that proportion of tensile strength at those dates).
- "Coated VICRYL® (polyglactin 910) Suture - Ethicon".
- Spano SJ, Dimock B (2014). "They had me in stitches: a Grand Canyon river guide's case report and a review of wilderness wound management literature". Wilderness Environ Med. 25 (2): 182–9. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2013.10.007. PMID 24418453. |
A BLACK AND WHITE ‘ZHONG KUI’ JADE SNUFF BOTTLE, QING DYNASTY
Price realised: n. a.
A BLACK AND WHITE ‘ZHONG KUI’ JADE SNUFF BOTTLE, QING DYNASTY Katalognummer: SN0618-034 Nephrite, carved in high relief, with a smooth surface polish China Qing dynasty The bottle is carved to depict on one side with Zhong Kui escorting his sister to her wedding. The demon queller holds a fan as he walks in front of his sister who is being pushed in a wheeled chair by a demon, while another demon carrying a stack of ribbon-tied books follows behind from the reverse of the bottle which is carved with a raised couplet, zhong shan feng xing, zhu e mo zuo, which may be translated as ‘cultivate all good, create no evil’. The clever use of the white markings in the stone to enhance the figural scenes speaks to the mastery of this bottle’s maker. The contrast of the seated bride in white against the black wheeled chair is particularly impressive. Zhong Kui is a figure of Chinese mythology. Traditionally regarded as a vanquisher of ghosts and evil beings, and reputedly able to command 80,000 demons, his image is often painted on household gates as a guardian spirit, as well as in places of business where high-value goods are involved. Shape: Bulbous oval shape Hollowing: Excellent, the bottle is therefore quite light in weight, especially given its size Mouth, neck and lip: Short, broad cylindric neck, slanted lip, convex top, small cylindric mouth with minor drilling inconstancies Base: Oval, slightly convex base Design, marks, school: While in the past reputed experts have unequivocally attributed this bottle to the Suzhou school, it is this authors opinion that it could be either from Suzhou school, dating to the 18th century, or a later example, dating from the 19th or, unlikelier, the early 20th century (please see also detailed remarks about comparable bottles in the literature section of this text) Stopper: Pink tourmaline cabochon Height of the bottle with stopper: 7.5 cm. Width of the mouth: 7 mm. Width of the neck: 23 mm. Condition: Excellent, with minor wear, some tiny nibbling to exposed areas (only visible under the magnifying glass) and two minute chips Provenance: American private collection Literature comparison: THE BLANCHE B. EXSTEIN COLLECTION OF CHINESE SNUFF BOTTLES. Christies, New York, March 21st, 2002, lot 260. (for a comparable bottle, dated to 1750-1820, also with a raised couplet on the backside, the white layers in the stone of a similar, milky appearance) Chinese Art. Sotheby’s, New York, March 21st, 2015, lot 864. (for a comparable black and white jade bottle, dated to the 19th century) The Joe Grimberg Collection of Chinese Snuff Bottles. Sothebys, New York, September 14th, 2010, lot 70. (for a comparable bottle, not dated) SNUFF BOTTLES FROM THE MARY AND GEORGE BLOCH COLLECTION, Part I. Bonhams, Hong Kong, May 28th, 2010, lot 93. (this bottle is particularly interesting to compare: it shows similar drilling inconstancies to the mouth, the design of the base and the shiny surface polish are alike, and the manner in which the surfaces of the rocks have gracefully been left empty is also somewhat related; however, the stark contrast between white and black is key in the Bloch bottle and such contrast was at some point regarded as a must for an unequivocal attribution to the Suzhou school; however, see for example Chinese Snuff Bottles from the Sanctum of Enlightened Respect III, Denis S. K. Low, lot 63, or Moss, Graham, Tsang, The Art of the Chinese Snuff Bottle, no. 24, for bottles firmly attributed to Suzhou, showing similar ‘shady’ white layers in the black jade with similar softer contrast as in this bottle) 清代黑白玉“鍾馗“鼻烟壺 品相極好，局部有磨損，衹有在顯微鏡下可見的磕碰紋及兩道細紋 美國私人收藏 Schätzpreis 估價: € 1.500 Startpreis 起拍價: € 750
Informations about the auction
|Auction house:||Galerie Zacke|
|Title:||Auktion Fine Snuff bottles aus China 15. Juni 2018 um 15 Uhr|
|Date of the auction:||15 Jun 2018|
Mariahilferstr. 112 /1/10
[email protected] · +43 1 5320452 · +43 1 532045220
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As a self-employed person you will have to deal with all kinds of important issues that can ensure that you get the most out of your company. Representation costs can be an important and interesting part of your own business, when you know whether this is an attractive option for you and your company. There are several options when it comes to representation costs. What are entertainment costs exactly? Are representation expenses tax deductible and can you deduct VAT? These costs can be very beneficial in the case of your own company, especially when there is a lot of customer contact.
What are representation expenses?
As a self-employed person, it will regularly happen that you bring a future client or client with you for something to eat or drink. This has a business character, there is no quid pro quo and it is therefore partially deductible. Other costs such as arranging a party, purchasing business clothing or buying a business gift also fall under representation costs. Representation costs are mixed costs that are both business and private: you can therefore deduct these costs from the tax. However, there are limits to this.
Representation costs: a gray area
There is no direct consideration linked to entertainment costs, which means that in the view of the tax authorities they cannot be directly regarded as business costs. Also, the exact meaning of the word 'representation' is not fixed and can therefore be understood in several ways. For that reason, the Tax and Customs Administration is reasonably flexible when it comes to deducting these costs. However, the Tax and Customs Administration has opted to make representation expenses partially deductible. You will have to deal with the so-called 'threshold'.
What are the benefits for you as a self-employed person?
As a self-employed person it can be very attractive to make use of representation expenses. This way you can deduct all kinds of things that are used for your company from the tax. You can think of all kinds of things that you can use to grow both business and private. And in this way you will benefit from certain expenses, both for business and for private purposes. By making use of these representation expenses you can have a part deducted from the tax authorities in order to save money on such expenses.
Examples of representation expenses
What are clear examples of entertainment costs? One of the advantages of these costs is that they can be used for both business and private purposes. One of the examples of an expense that you can partially deduct from the tax authorities afterwards is a dinner or business lunch with a (potential) customer or principal. But you also have the option to deduct this when it comes to a subscription to a business magazine. You use this magazine in your spare time, but you reap the benefits of it business.
Organizational costs and contributions to corporate events
There are many more costs that can be characterized as representation costs, including organizing receptions, drinks and conferences. Other organizational costs can also be seen as representation costs and can thus be deducted from the tax authorities. In addition, contributions to such events are also part of these costs and you have the option to request a partial refund. It is therefore important to keep a good record of these costs or to have them kept up to date by an accountant, so that this can be easily calculated afterwards.
The main rule of entertainment expenses
When calculating the representation costs, you may encounter a somewhat gray area. In any case, one main rule is clear: the 100% business costs are deductible. The Tax and Customs Administration has compiled a list of costs that can indisputably be regarded as businesslike. This includes costs such as marketing of the company, courses, professional literature and more. There are also things that you use for both business and private purposes, also known as mixed costs.
A business account request
To make a clear distinction for yourself between business and private life, the choice for a business account is interesting. In addition, it is also a lot easier for the accounting department to put things in order. There are several choices in terms of business accounts you here to see.
The mixed costs: both business and private
There are a number of points to consider when deducting representation expenses. For example, there is a fine line in the business and private area of the costs you incur. When the private part predominates, it is possible that these costs may not be deducted. Examples of these so-called mixed costs are:
|Company car||A car can also be frequently used for private use|
|Stimulants (cigarettes / cigars)||This is also used privately in most cases|
|Telephone charges||A telephone can be used for business, but at the same time it can also be used privately in all kinds of ways.|
|Rental costs of a building or maintenance costs of a building||When a property is mainly used for business, these costs may be deducted|
|Workwear||Work clothing is really work clothing when it is worn exclusively for the company|
The non-deductible costs
There are also a number of things that have been determined by the government to be non-deductible. Costs such as health insurance, obtaining a driver's license, a traffic fine and a visit to a beauty salon are not included in the representation costs. Clothing must also be really work-related (think of logos or special uniforms) and if this is not the case, it cannot be deducted. These are clear costs that do not fall under these costs and you must therefore pay for them yourself.
The gray area for entertainment costs
There is also a gray area when it comes to entertainment costs. Not all things you can purchase are listed in the list of the tax authorities. As a result, there are certain things of which it is not clear whether or not it is allowed. The moment you enter the gray area, there is a key question that applies: is it commercially defensible? In other words: can you register certain products in the name of the business? These are important points when it comes to deducting entertainment expenses.
Points for attention: the threshold
In addition, the so-called threshold created by the tax authorities must also be taken into account. What is the threshold exactly? Every year, the Tax and Customs Administration has set a different threshold with an amount that, as it were, forms the limit for the representation costs. Anything above the threshold may be deducted. Because most self-employed people do not get such amounts, the representation costs can also be calculated in another way, without a threshold. In this case, you deduct 80% of the costs and do not exceed the threshold. A fixed amount applies to travel and accommodation costs: you may not deduct more than $ 1500 for this.
What are the rules in 2019?
It is possible that the amount of the threshold is changed. In 2018 and a few years before, this amount was $ 4,500. In 2019 this was adjusted slightly and increased to $ 4,600. If, as a self-employed person, you spend more than $ 4600 on business costs, such as contributions to events, a visit to a drink or organizing a party or conference, you can deduct anything in excess of this amount from the tax authorities . The threshold is very high and most self-employed people will therefore not reach this amount. You can calculate the amount with a threshold as well as without a threshold.
|2017 - 2018||$ 4500|
|2015 - 2016||$ 4500|
|2012 - 2014||$ 4400|
Calculate the representation costs with a threshold ( calculation example )
How can you calculate for yourself the amount that you can deduct? The amount can be calculated as follows if you have exceeded the threshold with the costs. An example: in 2019 you spent $ 2500 on travel and accommodation expenses, $ 3000 on organizing an event and $ 1500 on business lunches and / or dinners. This comes to a total amount of $ 7,000. Travel and accommodation costs have a maximum of $ 1500. This means that the amount will go from $ 2500 to $ 1000. In this way, the total amount comes to $ 5500. By deducting the $ 4600 from this amount, you arrive at the costs that you may deduct. $ 5500 - $ 4600 is therefore $ 900.
Calculating representation costs without a threshold ( calculation example )
If you do not reach the threshold of $ 4600, and this will be the case for most self-employed people, you can choose to calculate the representation costs without a threshold. As an entrepreneur, you may therefore deduct 80% of the costs in 2019 (this standard also applies in 2018) and pay 20% yourself. In this way you do not have to exceed the norm of $ 4600. An example: you incur the next one costs in 2019: you spend $ 1,500 on lunches and dinners and you contribute $ 1,500 to a reception or other event. The total costs are then $ 3000. These costs may be deducted for 80% and this comes to an amount of $ 2400. For entertainment costs without a threshold, the same rules are applied regarding travel and accommodation costs.
Is VAT deductible for representation expenses?
In which cases can you deduct the VAT and in which cases not? What are points of attention you should pay attention to? It is not always the case that you may deduct the VAT when you go out for lunch or dinner with a future customer or principal. According to the tax authorities, you can deduct the costs if you get lunch in a supermarket for your business meeting and then eat it at work. When should the costs not be deducted according to the tax authorities? In the next one two cases:
- When eating or drinking in a catering establishment
- When you have lunch or dinner provided by a caterer who hires you at a rented location.
The deduction of the VAT for representation expenses ( calculation example )
When you have lunch with a customer or possible client, you can use a catering facility. In this case, you can declare 80% of these costs with the income tax return. If this is an amount of $ 60, you can enter $ 48. When you choose to get lunch for the same amount from the supermarket, calculate it as follows. First you deduct a VAT percentage of 9% according to the current standard. From $ 60 this is $ 5.40. Then there remains an amount of $ 54.60. Of this amount, 80% may again be entered as representation expenses. This comes to a total amount of $ 43.70.
Points for attention when deducting VAT
Are you going for lunch at a restaurant with a customer or business partner? In that case, you cannot deduct VAT and you therefore pay 20% of the total amount yourself. With an amount of $ 80, you therefore pay $ 16 yourself and enter $ 64 in the income tax return. It is important to be able to prove that the lunch or dinner is of a business nature. You can easily do this by also mentioning the name of the customer when submitting the voucher and also mentioning that it concerns a business lunch appointment.
Help for accounting
If you, as a self-employed person, are faced with representation costs, you can choose to enlist help for this. In the first place, this help can help you explain difficult terms and other financial questions you may have. If you have any questions about invoicing with / without VAT, you can also contact your accountant.
Hire an accountant
An accountant keeps track of all income and expenditure and takes care of the VAT return, among other things. The accountant will also take on this task when it comes to representation costs. You can hire an accountant through a large company, but there are also numerous independent accountants who you can turn to for the accounting of your own company.
When are representation costs interesting for you?
The representation costs can therefore be very attractive, provided you are an entrepreneur who exceeds the threshold of $ 4,600. If this is not the case, you can also opt for the 80/20 scheme as a self-employed person. In this case you pay 20% of these business costs yourself and 80% you can declare in the income tax return. Because the tax authorities are reasonably flexible when it comes to deducting these costs, it can be very attractive from a business point of view to make use of the representation costs. Please note the clear boundaries between business and personal use. |
Monday, March 30, 2020
I Love Joyriding
London, UK: Self-published, 1998
35.5 x 51 cm
Edition of 20 signed and numbered copies [+8 AP]
A Photograph of a police car sporting one of Deller's bumper stickers, and some for the buyer to affix.
"You put the sticker on, take a photograph, and then you run off," Deller told the Independent in 1998. "There's not much point in hanging around."
Deller turns 54 today.
Labels: Jeremy Deller
Saturday, March 28, 2020
Herman de Vries
Tuttlingen, Germany: Galerie der Stadt Tuttlingen, 2016
16 x 25 x 4.5 cm.
Edition of 19 signed and numbered copies
Published on the occasion of the exhibition herman de vries – no beginning, no end, which ran from the 10th of September to the 16th October, 2016, this boxed work contains a selection of the hop cones used in the installation. The gallery image above is from the following year: one hundred and eight pounds of hops collected in Spain (Carrizo de la Ribera, León).
Labels: herman de vries
Sunday, March 22, 2020
Friday, March 13, 2020
Manuscrit Pour la Première Internationale Ethniste
Nice, France: Association La Différence, 1986
111 pp., 22 x 16.5 cm., softcover
Edition size unknown
Labels: Ben Vautier
Wednesday, March 11, 2020
Catalogue No. 4
Toronto, Canada: Art Official, 1977
39 pp., 8 x 10.5", staple-bound
Edition size unknown
The fourth sales catalogue issued by Art Metropole in the Spring of 1977, featuring a cover photo from Michael Snow's NSCAD Press book Cover to Cover.
Boston, USA: Institute of Contemporary Art, 1991
3.75 x 4.25 x 1"
Edition of 37 (+3 AP) signed and numbered copies
Commissioned by the Institute of Contemporary Art for their "Limited Editions Series", this faux crocodile patterned leather Russian billfold was produced following the artist's first trip to the USSR, made with the staff of the ICA. The object included inside the wallet (pills, coins, bills, a coupon, a black and white photograph with a handwritten note, a postcard mailed from the US, a bill, a ticket, a hand-scrawled note, etc.) are intended to imply a narrative.
Labels: Rosemarie Trockel
Saturday, March 7, 2020
Early Work 1960 / 1970
New York City, USA: Max Hutchinson Gallery / Documentext, 1982
[unpaginated], 17.5 x 20.5 cm., softcover
Edition size unknown
Carolee Schneemann died last year on this day, at the age of 79.
Labels: Carolee Schneemann
Friday, March 6, 2020
Burt Payne 3 and Stephen Hillenburg
Frozen Walt Doll (Green Tie)
WALTsicle Productions, 1996
5 3/4 x 2 3/8 x 2 3/8"
Edition of 1000 signed and numbered copies
Walt Disney, who reportedly smoked three packs of cigarettes a day, died of lung cancer on December 15th, 1966, at the age of 65. He was cremated two days later, but a popular myth of him being cryogenically frozen took hold in the early '70's.
In 1972, Bob Nelson, then the president of the Cryonics Society of California, was interviewed by the Los Angeles Times and mentioned that Disney had called and asked elaborate questions about the process, the facilities and the staff. Despite explicitly noting in the interview that Disney was cremated, the legend took hold that Walt was frozen and stored in the basement of Cal Arts, the prestigious art school founded by Disney (other have suggested he is hidden beneath the Pirates of the Caribbean ride).
In fact, the first frozen subject didn't take place until early 1967, a few weeks after Disney was cremated. “The truth is, Walt missed out,” Nelson later said. “He never specified it in writing, and when he died the family didn’t go for it. ... If Disney had been the first it would have made headlines around the world and been a real shot in the arm for cryonics.”
The myth is the subject of the Frozen Walt Doll, a collaboration between artist Burt Payne 3 and SpongeBob Squarepants creator Stephen Hillenburg. The original iterations (Black Tie, in 1989 and Red Tie, in 1991) were produced in an edition of 100 copies each. They helped finance their creators education at Cal Arts.
Hillenburg died of ALS in 2018.
Thursday, March 5, 2020
Wednesday, March 4, 2020
I'm In Ya
Pittsburgh, USA: Self-published, 2019
pp., 7.62 x 12 cm., softcover
Edition of 200
Available from Printed Matter, here, for $20.00 US.
"In March of 2016, somebody made fun of my name, as it appeared on my Facebook profile. For 10 days, I received 70 + direct messages from strangers (all in the UK) making jokes about my name, referring to it as ‘I’m In Ya’ (as in I’m In You). It took me a while to understand the joke. In my life, I had never thought of my name, Imin Yeh, in that way.
‘I’m in Ya’ is about a strange event surrounding a strange name. It is also a story about parents who thought carefully and seriously about how to merge two languages and two cultures into naming their daughter. The text of ‘I’m in Ya’ is each message I received, as it appeared in my inbox. The images are reproductions, drawn in colored pencil, of the sender’s profile picture. "
- Imin Yeh
Tuesday, March 3, 2020
Beginning today and continuing until July 31st, the publisher Siglio Press has been invited as the second "limited circulation publisher" to be hosted at the newly designed Museum Store at The Museum of Modern Art.
Founded in 2008 by Lisa Pearson and now based in New York’s Hudson River Valley, Siglio is "driven by its feminist ethos and dedicated to publishing uncommon books that live at the intersection of art and literature." The word 'siglio' is defined as the inverse to a boundary (and the tongue-like organ of a bee).
Siglio will launch it's two spring releases—Memory by Bernadette Mayer and The Saddest Thing Is That I Have Had to Use Words: A Madeline Gins Reader, edited by Lucy Ives - at the venue. Other titles featured include books by or about Joe Brainard, Marcel Broodthaers, Sophie Calle, John Cage, Dick Higgins, Dorothy Iannone, Ray Johnson and Nancy Spero.
They will also publish The Improbable, a tabloid-style bulletin modelled on Higgins’ Something Else Newsletter, in three issues over the course of the residency. They will include works in a range of forms (essays, treatises, lists, playlets, questionnaires, travelogues, visual art works, etc.) by an eclectic roster of poets, writers, artists, scholars, and curators: Claudia Rankine, Mary Ann Caws, Lucy Ives, Wayne Koestenbaum, Clive Phillpot, Mónica de la Torre, Nicole Rudick, Farnoosh Fathi, Sally Alatalo, Andrea Andersson, Amaranth Borsuk, Elizabeth Zuba, and Matvei Yankelevich, among others. Issues of The Improbable will be available at the Museum Store at MoMA for free at the pop-up, while supplies last.
Emmanuel Plat, Director of Merchandising, MoMA Retail says, “We are pleased to present Siglio’s list to our audience to further the work they have done to bring art and literature to life.”
Monday, March 2, 2020
Marina Abramovic | Ulay
Ulay | Marina Abramovic: Relation Work and Detour
Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Self-published, 1980
236 pp., 23 x 25 cm., hardcover
Edition of 2500 copies
An artists’ book documenting several collaborative performance pieces, including Meeting Decision, Relation Work, Interruption in Space, Breathing in, Breathing out, Expansion in Space, Relation in Time, Light/Dark, Balance Proof, Installation ‘One’, and The Brink.
Ulay died today at the age of 76.
His gallerist, Richard Saltoun, confirmed the news with the statement: “Ulay was the freest of spirits – a pioneer and provocateur with a radically and historically unique oeuvre, operating at the intersection of photography and the conceptually oriented approaches of performance and body art. His passing leaves a momentous gap in the world – one that will not be so easily replaced.” |
UpRead has been entirely based on robust scientific literature.
The approach we use, RSVP (Rapid Serial Visual Presentation), has been studied since the ’50s. It is still researched as its applications with smartphones and wereables are very promising.
In the area of speed reading, research is limited but shows promising results: users after a short practice period can get substantial benefits both in focus and in reading speed. Comprehension seems not to be affected.
We are already aware of some limitations on the approach and we’re already exploring ways to overcome them. For example, handling of diagrams and images is not straightforward and content containing lots of data or references may not be a good fit for this technique.
Here’s a list of the main scientific papers we used for UpRead. A psychologist has been in charge of researching the literature and supported the development of the app. |
NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS AT ACOR
The American Center of Oriental Research (ACOR) offers one award of six months for post-doctoral scholars at the institute in Amman through the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). The fellowship supports research in the humanities and disciplines of the social sciences that have humanistic content and employ humanistic methods. Fields of research include modern and classical languages, linguistics, literature, history, jurisprudence, philosophy, archaeology, comparative religion, ethics, and the history, criticism, and theory of the arts. Social and political scientists are encouraged to apply. Research topics should contribute to scholarship in Near Eastern studies.
This program does not support work in the creative or performing arts, research undertaken in pursuit of an academic degree, the preparation of textbooks, projects that focus on pedagogical theory, research in educational methods and practice, or cognitive psychology. Nor does the program support projects that are directed at persuading an audience to a certain political, philosophical, religious, or ideological point of view, projects that advocate a particular program of social action or change, or projects that examine controversial issues without taking into account competing perspectives.
Applicants should have a Ph.D. degree or equivalent professional training at the time of application. They must be U.S. citizens or have lived in the United States for the three years immediately preceding the application deadline.
Awards cover transportation by a U.S. carrier, accommodation and research facilities at ACOR, and a monthly stipend. The maximum award amount for six months is $25,200.
For more information please click "Further Official Information" below.
This opportunity has expired. It was originally published here: |
I have written several articles on postings related to Big Tech, Social Media and Corporations. A list of links have been provided at bottom of this article for your convenience. This article will, however address different aspects on these Industries.
Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on current events based on facts and supported with proof or evidence. The word journalism applies to the occupation, as well as citizen journalists who gather and publish information based on facts and supported with proof or evidence. Journalistic media include print, television, radio, Internet, and, in the past, newsreels.
Concepts of the appropriate role for journalism vary between countries. In some nations, the news media are controlled by government intervention and are not fully independent. In others, the news media are independent of the government but instead operate as private industry. In addition to the varying nature of how media organizations are run and funded, countries may have differing implementations of laws handling the freedom of speech and libel cases.
The proliferation of the Internet and smartphones has brought significant changes to the media landscape since the turn of the 21st century. This has created a shift in the consumption of print media channels, as people increasingly consume news through e-readers, smartphones, and other personal electronic devices, as opposed to the more traditional formats of newspapers, magazines, or television news channels. News organizations are challenged to fully monetize their digital wing, as well as improvise on the context in which they publish in print. Newspapers have seen print revenues sink at a faster pace than the rate of growth for digital revenues.
There are several forms of journalism with diverse audiences. Thus, journalism is said to serve the role of a “fourth estate“, acting as a watchdog on the workings of the government. A single publication (such as a newspaper) contains many forms of journalism, each of which may be presented in different formats. Each section of a newspaper, magazine, or website may cater to a different audience. Photojournalists photographing President Barack Obama of the US in November 2013.Photo and broadcast journalists interviewing a government official after a building collapse in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. March 2013.
Some forms include:
- Access journalism – journalists who self-censor and voluntarily cease speaking about issues that might embarrass their hosts, guests, or powerful politicians or businesspersons.
- Advocacy journalism – writing to advocate particular viewpoints or influence the opinions of the audience.
- Broadcast journalism – written or spoken journalism for radio or television.
- Citizen journalism – participatory journalism.
- Data journalism – the practice of finding stories in numbers, and using numbers to tell stories. Data journalists may use data to support their reporting. They may also report about uses and misuses of data. The US news organization ProPublica is known as a pioneer of data journalism.
- Drone journalism – use of drones to capture journalistic footage.
- Gonzo journalism – first championed by Hunter S. Thompson, gonzo journalism is a “highly personal style of reporting”.
- Interactive journalism – a type of online journalism that is presented on the web
- Investigative journalism – in-depth reporting that uncovers social problems. Often leads to major social problems being resolved.
- Photojournalism – the practice of telling true stories through images
- Sensor journalism – the use of sensors to support journalistic inquiry.
- Tabloid journalism – writing that is light-hearted and entertaining. Considered less legitimate than mainstream journalism.
- Yellow journalism (or sensationalism) – writing which emphasizes exaggerated claims or rumors.
- Global journalism – journalism that encompasses a global outlook focusing on intercontinental issues.
The rise of social media has drastically changed the nature of journalistic reporting, giving rise to so-called citizen journalists. In a 2014 study of journalists in the United States, 40% of participants claimed they rely on social media as a source, with over 20% depending on microblogs to collect facts. From this, the conclusion can be drawn that breaking news nowadays often stems from user-generated content, including videos and pictures posted online in social media. However, though 69.2% of the surveyed journalists agreed that social media allowed them to connect to their audience, only 30% thought it had a positive influence on news credibility.
Consequently, this has resulted in arguments to reconsider journalism as a process distributed among many authors, including the socially mediating public, rather than as individual products and articles written by dedicated journalists.
Because of these changes, the credibility ratings of news outlets has reached an all-time low. A 2014 study revealed that only 22% of Americans reported a “great deal” or “quite a lot of confidence” in either television news or newspapers.
It is often published to intentionally mislead readers to ultimately benefit a cause, organization or an individual. A glaring example was the proliferation of fake news in social media during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Conspiracy theories, hoaxes, and lies have been circulated under the guise of news reports to benefit specific candidates. One example is a fabricated report of Hillary Clinton‘s email which was published by a non-existent newspaper called The Denver Guardian. Many critics blamed Facebook for the spread of such material. Its news feed algorithm, in particular, was identified by Vox as the platform where the social media giant exercise billions of editorial decisions every day. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and TikTok are distributors of disinformation or “fake news”. Mark Zuckerberg, the CEO of Facebook, has acknowledged the company’s role in this problem: in a testimony before a combined Senate Judiciary and Commerce committee hearing on 20 April 2018, he said:
It’s clear now that we didn’t do enough to prevent these tools from being used for harm as well. That goes for fake news, foreign interference in elections, and hate speech, as well as developers and data privacy.
Readers can often evaluate credibility of news by examining the credibility of the underlying news organization.
In some countries, including Turkey, Egypt, India, Bangladesh, Iran, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, Cote d’Ivoire, Montenegro, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, and Somalia, journalists have been threatened or arrested for allegedly spreading fake news about the COVID-19 pandemic.
Propaganda compared with fake news
The definition of ‘fake news’ above, could also be applied to the general category of ‘Propaganda’ when it is applied to the field of political reporting. Because a large part of political journalism involves analysis, and not simple reporting of what is said, or presented, writers and journalists have the opportunity to present specific kinds of analysis which can favor one ideological or political position over another; it can also be used to represent personalities in favorable/unfavorable ways. If the definition of propaganda includes misrepresentation of facts, and deliberate distortions of narrative, or applied emphasis not necessarily contained in the original, then Fake News falls squarely inside the parameters of Propaganda also. It could be argued that true objectivity is not really possible to produce when it comes to presenting an analysis of political activity, any individual observer and journalist is going to perceive what they experience through the lens of their own political bias, this, of course, is the case with entire organizations also.
The history of journalism spans the growth of technology and trade, marked by the advent of specialized techniques for gathering and disseminating information on a regular basis that has caused, as one history of journalism surmises, the steady increase of “the scope of news available to us and the speed with which it is transmitted. Before the printing press was invented, word of mouth was the primary source of news. Returning merchants, sailors and travelers brought news back to the mainland, and this was then picked up by peddlers and travelling players and spread from town to town. Ancient scribes often wrote this information down. This transmission of news was highly unreliable, and died out with the invention of the printing press. Newspapers (and to a lesser extent magazines) have always been the primary medium of journalists since the 18th century, radio and television in the 20th century, and the Internet in the 21st century.
Early and basic journalism
In 1556, the government of Venice first published the monthly Notizie scritte (“Written notices”) which cost one gazzetta, a Venetian coin of the time, the name of which eventually came to mean “newspaper”. These avvisi were handwritten newsletters and used to convey political, military, and economic news quickly and efficiently throughout Europe, more specifically Italy, during the early modern era (1500-1800)—sharing some characteristics of newspapers though usually not considered true newspapers.
However, none of these publications fully met the modern criteria for proper newspapers, as they were typically not intended for the general public and restricted to a certain range of topics. Early publications played into the development of what would today be recognized as the newspaper, which came about around 1601. Around the 15th and 16th centuries, in England and France, long news accounts called “relations” were published; in Spain they were called “relaciones”. Single event news publications were printed in the broadsheet format, which was often posted. These publications also appeared as pamphlets and small booklets (for longer narratives, often written in a letter format), often containing woodcut illustrations. Literacy rates were low in comparison to today, and these news publications were often read aloud (literacy and oral culture were, in a sense, existing side by side in this scenario).Title page of Carolus’ Relation from 1609, the earliest newspaper
By 1400, businessmen in Italian and German cities were compiling hand written chronicles of important news events, and circulating them to their business connections. The idea of using a printing press for this material first appeared in Germany around 1600. Early precursors were the so-called Messrelationen (“trade fair reports”) which were semi-annual news compilations for the large book fairs at Frankfurt and Leipzig, starting in the 1580s. The first true newspaper was the weekly Relation aller Fuernemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien (“Collection of all distinguished and memorable news”), started in Strasbourg in 1605. The Avisa Relation oder Zeitung was published in Wolfenbüttel from 1609, and gazettes soon were established in Frankfurt (1615), Berlin (1617) and Hamburg (1618). By 1650, 30 German cities had active gazettes. A semi-yearly news chronicle, in Latin, the Mercurius Gallobelgicus, was published at Cologne between 1594 and 1635, but it was not the model for other publications.
The news circulated between newsletters through well-established channels in 17th century Europe. Antwerp was the hub of two networks, one linking France, Britain, Germany, and the Netherlands; the other linking Italy, Spain and Portugal. Favorite topics included wars, military affairs, diplomacy, and court business and gossip.
After 1600 the national governments in France and England began printing official newsletters. In 1622 the first English-language weekly magazine, “A current of General News” was published and distributed in England in an 8- to 24-page quarto format.
Revolutionary changes in the 19th century
Newspapers in all major countries became much more important in the 19th century because of a series of technical, business, political, and cultural changes. High-speed presses and cheap wood-based newsprint made large circulations possible. The rapid expansion of elementary education meant a vast increase in the number of potential readers. Political parties sponsored newspapers at the local and national level. Toward the end of the century, advertising became well-established and became the main source of revenue for newspaper owners. This led to a race to obtain the largest possible circulation, often followed by downplaying partisanship so that members of all parties would buy a paper. The number of newspapers in Europe in the 1860s and 1870s was steady at about 6,000; then it doubled to 12,000 in 1900. In the 1860s and 1870s, most newspapers were four pages of editorials, reprinted speeches, excerpts from novels and poetry and a few small local ads. They were expensive, and most readers went to a café to look over the latest issue. There were major national papers in each capital city, such as the London Times, the London Post, the Paris Temps and so on. They were expensive and directed to the National political elite. Every decade the presses became faster, and the invention of automatic typesetting in the 1880s made feasible the overnight printing of a large morning newspaper. Cheap wood pulp replaced the much more expensive rag paper. A major cultural innovation was the professionalization of news gathering, handled by specialist reporters. Liberalism led to freedom of the press, and ended newspaper taxes, along with a sharp reduction to government censorship. Entrepreneurs interested in profit increasingly replaced politicians interested in shaping party positions, so there was dramatic outreach to a larger subscription base. The price fell to a penny. In New York, “Yellow Journalism” used sensationalism, comics (they were colored yellow), a strong emphasis on team sports, reduced coverage of political details and speeches, a new emphasis on crime, and a vastly expanded advertising section featuring especially major department stores. Women had previously been ignored, but now they were given multiple advice columns on family and household and fashion issues, and the advertising was increasingly pitched to them.
History of American journalism
Journalism in America began as a “humble” affair and became a political force in the campaign for American independence. Following independence, the first amendment to the U.S. Constitution guaranteed freedom of the press and speech and the American press grew rapidly following the American Revolution. The press became a key support element to the country’s political parties but also organized religious institutions.Journalist Marguerite Martyn of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch made this sketch of herself interviewing a Methodist minister in 1908 for his views on marriage.
During the 19th century, newspapers began to expand and appear outside eastern U.S. cities. From the 1830s onward the penny press began to play a major role in American journalism and technological advancements such as the telegraph and faster printing presses in the 1840s helped expand the press of the nation as it experienced rapid economic and demographic growth.
By 1900 major newspapers had become profitable powerhouses of advocacy, muckraking and sensationalism, along with serious, and objective news-gathering. In the early 20th century, before television, the average American read several newspapers per day. Starting in the 1920s changes in technology again morphed the nature of American journalism as radio and later, television, began to play increasingly important roles.
In the decades following the Second World War, a healthy debate about culture and society took place in the United States–albeit within limits– between conservative and liberals, and even Marxists. In contrast to the brazen propaganda of the Soviet Union and Fascist regimes, the U.S. news media embraced an ideal, though not always followed in practice, of impartiality and respect for the validity of numerous viewpoints.
Today the news media are increasingly inclined to promote a single orthodoxy. One reason for this change in the composition of the journalistic profession: working-class reporters, many with ties to local communities, have been replaced by a more cosmopolitan breed with college degrees, typically in journalism. These reporters tilt overwhelmingly to the progressive side of politics. At the same time, as a 2019 Rand report shows, journalism is steadily moving away from a fact-based model to one dominated by opinion. The Rand study suggests that the result for society is a “truth decay.”
In the late 20th century, much of American journalism merged into big media conglomerates (principally owned by media moguls like Ted Turner and Rupert Murdoch). With the coming of digital journalism in the 21st Century, newspapers faced a business crisis as readers turned to the internet for news and advertisers followed them.
The history of American journalism began in 1690, when Benjamin Harris published the first edition of “Public Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestic” in Boston. Harris had strong trans-Atlantic connections and intended to publish a regular weekly newspaper along the lines of those in London, but he did not get prior approval and his paper was suppressed after a single edition. The first successful newspaper, The Boston News-Letter, was launched in 1704. This time, the founder was John Campbell, the local postmaster, and his paper proclaimed that it was “published by authority.”
As the colonies grew rapidly in the 18th century, newspapers appeared in port cities along the East Coast, usually started by master printers seeking a sideline. Among them was James Franklin, founder of The New England Courant (1721-1727), where he employed his younger brother, Benjamin Franklin, as a printer’s apprentice. Like many other colonial newspapers, it was aligned with party interests. Ben Franklin was first published in his brother’s newspaper, under the pseudonym Silence Dogood in 1722, and even his brother did not know his identity at first. Pseudonymous publishing, a common practice of that time, protected writers from retribution from government officials and others they criticized, often to the point of what today would be considered libel. The content included advertising of newly landed products, and locally produced news items, usually based on commercial and political events. Editors exchanged their papers and frequently reprinted news from other cities. Essays and letters to the editor, often anonymous, provided opinions on current issues. While the religious news was thin, writers typically interpreted good news in terms of God’s favor, and bad news as evidence of His wrath. The fate of criminals was often cast as cautionary tales warning of the punishment for sin.
Ben Franklin moved to Philadelphia in 1728 and took over the Pennsylvania Gazette the following year. Ben Franklin expanded his business by essentially franchising other printers in other cities, who published their own newspapers. By 1750, 14 weekly newspapers were published in the six largest colonies. The largest and most successful of these could be published up to three times per week.
The Stamp Act of 1765 taxed paper, and the burden of the tax fell on printers, who led a successful fight to repeal the tax. By the early 1770s, most newspapers supported the Patriot cause; Loyalist newspapers were often forced to shut down or move to Loyalist strongholds, especially New York City. Publishers up and down the colonies widely reprinted the pamphlets by Thomas Paine, especially “Common Sense” (1776). His Crisis essays first appeared in the newspaper press starting in December, 1776, when he warned: These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country, but he that stands it now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Anne Catherine Hoof Green, publisher of the Maryland Gazette, 1767–1775.
When the war for independence began in 1775, 37 weekly newspapers were in operation; 20 survived the war, and 33 new ones started up. The British blockade sharply curtailed imports of paper, ink, and new equipment; causing thinner newspapers and publication delays. When the war ended in 1782, there were 35 newspapers with a combined circulation of about 40,000 copies per week, and an actual readership in the hundreds of thousands. These newspapers played a major role in defining the grievances of the colonists against the British government in the 1765-1775 era, and in supporting the American Revolution.
Every week the Maryland Gazette of Annapolis promoted the Patriot cause and also reflected informed Patriot viewpoints. From the time of the Stamp Act, publisher Jonas Green vigorously protested British actions. When he died in 1767, his widow Anne Catherine Hoof Green became the first woman to hold a top job at an American newspaper. A strong supporter of colonial rights, she published the newspapers as well as many pamphlets with the help of two sons; She died in 1775.
During the war, contributors debated disestablishment of the Anglican church in several states, use of coercion against neutrals and Loyalists, the meaning of Paine’s “Common Sense”, and the confiscation of Loyalist property. Much attention was devoted to the details of military campaigns, typically with an upbeat optimistic tone. Patriot editors often sharply criticized government action or inaction. In peacetime, criticism might lead to a loss of valuable printing contract, but in wartime, the government needed the newspapers. Furthermore, there were enough different state governments and political factions that editors could be protected by their friends. When Thomas Paine lost his patronage job with Congress because of a letter he published, the state government soon hired him.
First Party System
Newspapers flourished in the new republic — by 1800, there were about 234 being published — and tended to be very partisan about the form of the new federal government, which was shaped by successive Federalist or Republican presidencies. Newspapers directed much abuse toward various politicians, and the eventual duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr was fueled by controversy in newspaper pages.Federalist poster about 1800. Washington (in heaven) tells partisans to keep the pillars of Federalism, Republicanism, and Democracy
By 1796, both parties sponsored national networks of weekly newspapers, which attacked each other vehemently. The Federalist and Republican newspapers of the 1790s traded vicious barbs against their enemies.
The most heated rhetoric came in debates over the French Revolution, especially the Jacobin Terror of 1793–94 when the guillotine was used daily. Nationalism was a high priority, and the editors fostered an intellectual nationalism typified by the Federalist effort to stimulate a national literary culture through their clubs and publications in New York and Philadelphia, and Noah Webster‘s efforts to simplify and Americanize the language.
Penny press, telegraph, and party politics
As American cities like New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Washington grew, so did newspapers. Larger printing presses, the telegraph, and other technological innovations allowed newspapers to print thousands of copies, boost circulation, and increase revenue. In the largest cities, some papers were politically independent. But most, especially in smaller cities, had close ties to political parties, who used them for communication and campaigning. Their editorials explained the party position on current issues, and condemned the opposition.
The first newspaper to fit the 20th century style of a newspaper was the New York Herald, founded in 1835 and published by James Gordon Bennett, Sr. It was politically independent, and became the first newspaper to have city staff covering regular beats and spot news, along with regular business and Wall Street coverage. In 1838 Bennett also organized the first foreign correspondent staff of six men in Europe and assigned domestic correspondents to key cities, including the first reporter to regularly cover Congress.
The leading partisan newspaper was the New York Tribune, which began publishing in 1841 and was edited by Horace Greeley. It was the first newspaper to gain national prominence; by 1861, it shipped thousands of copies of its daily and weekly editions to subscribers. Greeley also organized a professional news staff and embarked on frequent publishing crusades for causes he believed in. The Tribune was the first newspaper, in 1886, to use the linotype machine, invented by Ottmar Mergenthaler, which rapidly increased the speed and accuracy with which type could be set. it allowed a newspaper to publish multiple editions the same day, updating the front page with the latest business and sports news.
The New York Times, now one of the best-known newspapers in the world, was founded in 1851 by George Jones and Henry Raymond. It established the principle of balanced reporting in high-quality writing. Its prominence emerged in the 20th century.
The parties created an internal communications system designed to keep in close touch with the voters.
The critical communications system was a national network of partisan newspapers. Nearly all weekly and daily papers were party organs until the early 20th century. Thanks to the invention of high-speed presses for city papers, and free postage for rural sheets, newspapers proliferated. In 1850, the Census counted 1,630 party newspapers (with a circulation of about one per voter), and only 83 “independent” papers. The party line was behind every line of news copy, not to mention the authoritative editorials, which exposed the “stupidity” of the enemy and the “triumphs” of the party in every issue. Editors were senior party leaders and often were rewarded with lucrative postmasterships. Top publishers, such as Schuyler Colfax in 1868, Horace Greeley in 1872, Whitelaw Reid in 1892, Warren Harding in 1920 and James Cox also in 1920, were nominated on the national ticket.
Kaplan outlines the systematic methods by which newspapers expressed their partisanship. Paid advertising was unnecessary, as the party encouraged all its loyal supporters to subscribe:
- Editorials explained in detail the strengths of the party platform, and the weaknesses and fallacies of the opposition.
- As the election neared, there were lists of approved candidates.
- Party meetings, parades, and rallies were publicized ahead of time and reported in depth afterward. Excitement and enthusiasm were exaggerated, while the dispirited enemy rallies were ridiculed.
- Speeches were often transcribed in full detail, even long ones that ran thousands of words.
- Woodcut illustrations celebrated the party symbols and portray the candidates.
- Editorial cartoons ridiculed the opposition and promoted the party ticket.
- As the election neared, predictions and informal polls guaranteed victory.
- The newspapers printed filled-out ballots which party workers distributed on election day so voters could drop them directly into the boxes. Everyone could see who the person voted for.
- The first news reports the next day, often claimed victory – sometimes it was days or weeks before the editor admitted defeat.
By the time of the Civil War, many moderately sized cities had at least two newspapers, often with very different political perspectives. As the South began the task of seceding from the Union, some papers in the North recommended that the South should be allowed to secede. The government, however, was not willing to allow sedition to masquerade in its opinion as freedom of the press. Several newspapers were closed by government action. After the massive Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run, angry mobs in the North destroyed substantial property owned by remaining secessionist newspapers. Those still in publication quickly came to support the war, both to avoid mob action and to retain their audience.
After 1900, William Randolph Hearst, Joseph Pulitzer and other big city politician-publishers discovered they could make far more profit through advertising, at so many dollars per thousand readers. By becoming non-partisan they expanded their base to include the opposition party and the fast-growing number of consumers who read the ads but were less and less interested in politics. There was less political news after 1900, apparently because citizens became more apathetic, and shared their partisan loyalties with the new professional sports teams that attracted growing audiences.
Whitelaw Reid, the powerful long-time editor of the Republican New York Tribune, emphasized the importance of partisan newspapers in 1879: The true statesman and the really influential editor are those who are able to control and guide parties…There is an old question as to whether a newspaper controls public opinion or public opinion controls the newspaper. This at least is true: that editor best succeeds who best interprets the prevailing and the better tendencies of public opinion, and, who, whatever his personal views concerning it, does not get himself too far out of relations to it. He will understand that a party is not an end, but a means; will use it if it leads to his end, — will use some other if that serve better, but will never commit the folly of attempting to reach the end without the means…Of all the puerile follies that have masqueraded before High Heaven in the guise of Reform, the most childish has been the idea that the editor could vindicate his independence only by sitting on the fence and throwing stones with impartial vigor alike at friend and foe.
Newspapers expand west
As the country and its inhabitants explored and settled further west the American landscape changed. In order to supply these new pioneers of western territories with information, publishing was forced to expand past the major presses of Washington D.C. and New York. Most frontier newspapers were creations of the influx of people and wherever a new town sprang up a newspaper was sure to follow. However other times a printer was hired by a town settler to move to the location and set up a newspaper in order to legitimize the town and draw other settlers. Many of the newspapers and journals published in these Midwestern developments were weekly papers. Homesteaders would watch their cattle or farms during the week and then on their weekend journey readers would collect their papers while they did their business in town. One reason that so many newspapers were started during the conquest of the West was that homesteaders were required to publish notices of their land claims in local newspapers. Some of these papers died out after the land rushes ended, or when the railroad bypassed the town.
The rise of the wire services
The American Civil War had a profound effect on American journalism. Large newspapers hired war correspondents to cover the battlefields, with more freedom than correspondents today enjoy. These reporters used the new telegraph and expanding railways to move news reports faster to their newspapers. The cost of sending telegraphs helped create a new concise or “tight” style of writing which became the standard for journalism through the next century.
The ever-growing demand for urban newspapers to provide more news led to the organization of the first of the wire services, a cooperative between six large New York City-based newspapers led by David Hale, the publisher of the Journal of Commerce, and James Gordon Bennett, to provide coverage of Europe for all of the papers together. What became the Associated Press received the first cable transmission ever of European news through the trans-Atlantic cable in 1858.
New forms of journalism
The New York dailies continued to redefine journalism. James Bennett’s Herald, for example, didn’t just write about the disappearance of David Livingstone in Africa; they sent Henry Stanley to find him, which he did, in Uganda. The success of Stanley’s stories prompted Bennett to hire more of what would turn out to be investigative journalists. He also was the first American publisher to bring an American newspaper to Europe by founding the Paris Herald, which was the precursor of the International Herald Tribune. Charles Anderson Dana of the New York Sun developed the idea of the human interest story and a better definition of news value, including uniqueness of a story.
William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer both owned newspapers in the American West, and both established papers in New York City: Hearst’s New York Journal in 1883 and Pulitzer’s New York World in 1896. Their stated mission to defend the public interest, their circulation wars and sensational reporting spread to many other newspapers and became known as “yellow journalism.” The public may have initially benefited as “muckraking” journalism exposed corruption, but its often excessively sensational coverage of a few juicy stories alienated many readers.
More generally, newspapers in large cities in the 1890s began using large-font multi-column headlines to attract passers-by to buy the paper. Previously headlines had seldom been more than one column wide, although multicolumn-width headlines were possible on the presses then in use. The change required typesetters to break with tradition and many small-town papers were reluctant to change.
The Progressive Era saw a strong middle class demand for reform, which the leading newspapers and magazines supported with editorial crusades.
During this time minority women voices flourished with a new outlet and demand for women in journalism. The diverse women generally Native American, African American, and Jewish American worked through journalism to further their political activism. Many of the women writing during this time period were a part of or formed highly influential organizations such as the NAACP, National Council of American Indians, Women’s Christian temperance Union and the federation of Jewish Philanthropists. Some of these women allowed for discussions and debates through their writing or through their organizational connections. With the emergence of diverse voices an equally diverse description of women’s lives became apparent as they were able to incorporate domestic fictions and non-fiction into the journals for a vast majority of Americans to see and newly be exposed to. This new multicultural narrative allowed literature to reflect the writers and become more diverse in stories and normalized reception of these domestic accounts
Building on President McKinley’s effective use of the press, President Theodore Roosevelt made his White House the center of news every day, providing interviews and photo opportunities. After noticing the White House reporters huddled outside in the rain one day, he gave them their own room inside, effectively inventing the presidential press briefing. The grateful press, with unprecedented access to the White House, rewarded Roosevelt with intense favorable coverage; The nation’s editorial cartoonists loved him even more. Roosevelt’s main goal was to promote discussion and support for his package of Square Deal reform policies among his base in the middle-class. When the media strayed too far from his list of approved targets, he criticized them as mud flinging muckrakers.
Journalism historians pay by far the most attention to the big city newspapers, largely ignoring small-town dailies and weeklies that proliferated and dealt heavily in local news. Rural America was also served by specialized farm magazines. By 1910 most farmers subscribed to one. Their editors typically promoted efficiency in farming, With reports of new machinery, new seats, new techniques, and county and state fairs.
Muckrakers were investigative journalists, sponsored by large national magazines, who investigated political corruption, as well as misdeeds by corporations and labor unions.
Exposés attracted a middle-class upscale audience during the Progressive Era, especially in 1902 – 1912. By the 1900s, such major magazines as Collier’s Weekly, Munsey’s Magazine and McClure’s Magazine were sponsoring exposés for a national audience. The January 1903 issue of McClure’s marked the beginning of muckraking journalism, while the muckrakers would get their label later. Ida M. Tarbell (“The History of Standard Oil”), Lincoln Steffens (“The Shame of Minneapolis”) and Ray Stannard Baker (“The Right to Work”), simultaneously published famous works in that single issue. Claude H. Wetmore and Lincoln Steffens’ previous article “Tweed Days in St. Louis”, in McClure’s October 1902 issue was the first muckraking article.
President Roosevelt enjoyed very close relationships with the press, which he used to keep in daily contact with his middle-class base. Before taking office, he had made a living as a writer and magazine editor. He loved talking with intellectuals, authors and writers. He drew the line, however, at expose-oriented scandal-mongering journalists who during his term set magazine subscriptions soaring with attacks on corrupt politicians, mayors, and corporations. Roosevelt himself was not a target, but his speech in 1906 coined the term “muckraker” for unscrupulous journalists making wild charges. “The liar,” he said, “is no whit better than the thief, and if his mendacity takes the form of slander he may be worse than most thieves.” The muckraking style fell out of fashion after 1917, as the media pulled together to support the war effort with minimum criticism of personalities.
In the 1960s, investigative journalism came back into play with the ‘Washington Post exposés of the Watergate scandal. At the local level, the alternative press movement emerged, typified by alternative weekly newspapers like The Village Voice in New York City and The Phoenix in Boston, as well as political magazines like Mother Jones and The Nation.
Betty Houchin Winfield, a specialist in political communication and mass media history, argues that 1908 represented a turning point in the professionalization of journalism, as characterized by the new journalism schools, the founding of the National Press Club, and such technological innovations as newsreels, the use of halftones to print photographs, and changes in newspaper design. Reporters wrote the stories that sold papers, but shared only a fraction of the income. The highest salaries went to New York reporters, topping out at $40 to $60 a week. Pay scales were lower in smaller cities, only $5 to $20 a week at smaller dailies. The quality of reporting increased sharply, and its reliability improved; drunkenness became less and less of a problem. Pulitzer gave Columbia University $2 million in 1912 to create a school of journalism that has retained leadership status into the 21st century. Other notable schools were founded at the University of Missouri and the Medill School Northwestern University.
Freedom of the press became well-established legal principle, although President Theodore Roosevelt tried to sue major papers for reporting corruption in the purchase of the Panama Canal rights. The federal court threw out the lawsuit, ending the only attempt by the federal government to sue newspapers for libel since the days of the Sedition Act of 1798. Roosevelt had a more positive impact on journalism — he provided a steady stream of lively copy, making the White House the center of national reporting.
Between the wars
Broadcast journalism began slowly in the 1920s, at a time when stations broadcast music and occasional speeches, and expanded slowly in the 1930s as radio moved to drama and entertainment. Radio exploded in importance during World War II, but after 1950 was overtaken by television news. The newsreel developed in the 1920s and flourished before the daily television news broadcasts in the 1950s doomed its usefulness.
The first issue of Time (March 3, 1923), featuring House Speaker Joseph G. Cannon.
News magazines flourished from the late 19th century on, such as Outlook and Review of Reviews. However, in 1923 Henry Luce (1898-1967) transformed the genre with Time, which became a favorite news source for the upscale middle-class. Luce, a conservative Republican, was called “the most influential private citizen in the America of his day.” He launched and closely supervised a stable of magazines that transformed journalism and the reading habits of upscale Americans. Time summarized and interpreted the week’s news. Life was a picture magazine of politics, culture and society that dominated American visual perceptions in the era before television. Fortune explored in depth the economy and the world of business, introducing to executives avant-garde ideas such as Keynesianism. Sports Illustrated probed beneath the surface of the game to explore the motivations and strategies of the teams and key players. Add in his radio projects and newsreels, and Luce created a multimedia corporation to rival that of Hearst and other newspaper chains. Luce, born in China to missionary parents, demonstrated a missionary zeal to make the nation worthy of dominating the world in what he called the “American Century.” Luce hired outstanding journalists—some of them serious intellectuals, as well as talented editors. By the late 20th century, however, all the Luce magazines and their imitators (such as Newsweek and Look) had drastically scaled back. Newsweek ended its print edition in 2013.
21st century Internet
Following the emergence of browsers, USA Today became the first newspaper to offer an online version of its publication in 1995, though CNN launched its own site later that year. However, especially after 2000, the Internet brought “free” news and classified advertising to audiences that no longer saw a reason for subscriptions, undercutting the business model of many daily newspapers. Bankruptcy loomed across the U.S. and did hit such major papers as the Rocky Mountain News (Denver), the Chicago Tribune and the Los Angeles Times, among many others. Chapman and Nuttall find that proposed solutions, such as multi-platforms, paywalls, PR-dominated news gathering, and shrinking staffs have not resolved the challenge. The result, they argue, is that journalism today is characterized by four themes: personalization, globalization, localization, and pauperization.
Nip presents a typology of five models of audience connections: traditional journalism, public journalism, interactive journalism, participatory journalism, and citizen journalism. He identifies the higher goal of public journalism as engaging the people as citizens and helping public deliberation.
Investigative journalism declined at major daily newspapers in the 2000s, and many reporters formed their own non-profit investigative newsrooms, for example ProPublica on the national level, Texas Tribune at the state level and Voice of OC at the local level.
A 2014 study by Indiana University under The American Journalist header, a series of studies that go back to the 1970s, found that of the journalists they surveyed, significantly more identified as Democrats than Republicans (28% verse 7%). This coincided with reduced staffing at local papers and possibly their replacement by online outlets in eastern liberal cites.
A worldwide sample of 27,500 journalists in 67 countries in 2012-2016 produced the following profile: 57 percent male; mean age of 38 mean years of experience, 13 college degree, 56 percent; graduate degree, 29 percent 61 percent specialized in journalism/communications at college 62 percent identified as generalists and 23 percent as hard-news beat journalists 47 percent were members of a professional association 80 percent worked full-time 50 percent worked in print, 23 percent in television, 17 percent in radio, and 16 percent online.
Professional and ethical standards
While various existing codes have some differences, most share common elements including the principles of – truthfulness, accuracy, objectivity, impartiality, fairness and public accountability – as these apply to the acquisition of newsworthy information and its subsequent dissemination to the public.
Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel propose several guidelines for journalists in their book The Elements of Journalism. Their view is that journalism’s first loyalty is to the citizenry and that journalists are thus obliged to tell the truth and must serve as an independent monitor of powerful individuals and institutions within society. In this view, the essence of journalism is to provide citizens with reliable information through the discipline of verification.
Some journalistic Codes of Ethics, notably the European ones, also include a concern with discriminatory references in news based on race, religion, sexual orientation, and physical or mental disabilities. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe approved in 1993 Resolution 1003 on the Ethics of Journalism which recommends journalists to respect the presumption of innocence, in particular in cases that are still sub judice.
In the UK, all newspapers are bound by the Code of Practice of the Independent Press Standards Organisation. This includes points like respecting people’s privacy and ensuring accuracy. However, the Media Standards Trust has criticized the PCC, claiming it needs to be radically changed to secure the public trust of newspapers.
This is in stark contrast to the media climate prior to the 20th century, where the media market was dominated by smaller newspapers and pamphleteers who usually had an overt and often radical agenda, with no presumption of balance or objectivity.
Because of the pressure on journalists to report news promptly and before their competitors, factual errors occur more frequently than in writing produced and edited under less time pressure. Thus a typical issue of a major daily newspaper may contain several corrections of articles published the previous day. Perhaps the most famous journalistic mistake caused by time pressure was the Dewey Defeats Truman edition of the Chicago Daily Tribune, based on early election returns that failed to anticipate the actual result of the 1948 US presidential election.
Failing to uphold standards
Such a code of conduct can, in the real world, be difficult to uphold consistently. Reporting and editing do not occur in a vacuum but always reflect the political context in which journalists, no less than other citizens, operate.
A news organization’s budget inevitably reflects decision-making about what news to cover, for what audience, and in what depth. When budgets are cut, editors may sacrifice reporters in distant news bureaus, reduce the number of staff assigned to low-income areas, or wipe entire communities from the publication’s zone of interest.
Publishers, owners and other corporate executives, especially advertising sales executives, could try to use their powers over journalists to influence how news is reported and published. For this reason, journalists traditionally relied on top management to create and maintain a “firewall” between the news and other departments in a news organization to prevent undue influence on the news department.
Codes of ethics
There are over 242 codes of ethics in journalism that vary across various regions of the world. The codes of ethics are created through an interaction of different groups of people such as the public and journalists themselves. Most of the codes of ethics serve as a representation of the economic and political beliefs of the society where the code was written. Despite the fact that there are a variety of codes of ethics, some of the core elements present in all codes are: remaining objective, providing the truth, and being honest.
Journalism does not have a universal code of conduct; individuals are not legally obliged to follow a certain set of rules like a doctor or a lawyer does. There have been discussions for creating a universal code of conduct in journalism. One suggestion centers on having three claims for credibility, justifiable consequence, and the claim of humanity. Within the claim of credibility, journalists are expected to provide the public with reliable and trustworthy information, and allowing the public to question the nature of the information and its acquisition. The second claim of justifiable consequences centers on weighing the benefits and detriments of a potentially harmful story and acting accordingly. An example of justifiable consequence is exposing a professional with dubious practices; on the other hand, acting within justifiable consequence means writing compassionately about a family in mourning. The third claim is the claim of humanity which states that journalists are writing for a global population and therefore must serve everyone globally in their work, avoiding smaller loyalties to country, city, etc.
Main articles: Freedom of the press and Media lawTurkish journalists protesting imprisonment of their colleagues on Human Rights Day, 10 December 2016Number of journalists reported killed between 2002 and 2013.
Governments have widely varying policies and practices towards journalists, which control what they can research and write, and what press organizations can publish. Some governments guarantee the freedom of the press; while other nations severely restrict what journalists can research or publish.
Journalists in many nations have some privileges that members of the general public do not, including better access to public events, crime scenes and press conferences, and to extended interviews with public officials, celebrities and others in the public eye.
Journalists who elect to cover conflicts, whether wars between nations or insurgencies within nations, often give up any expectation of protection by government, if not giving up their rights to protection from the government. Journalists who are captured or detained during a conflict are expected to be treated as civilians and to be released to their national government. Many governments around the world target journalists for intimidation, harassment, and violence because of the nature of their work.
Right to protect confidentiality of sources
Journalists’ interaction with sources sometimes involves confidentiality, an extension of freedom of the press giving journalists a legal protection to keep the identity of a confidential informant private even when demanded by police or prosecutors; withholding their sources can land journalists in contempt of court, or in jail.
In the United States, there is no right to protect sources in a federal court. However, federal courts will refuse to force journalists to reveal their sources, unless the information the court seeks is highly relevant to the case and there’s no other way to get it. State courts provide varying degrees of such protection. Journalists who refuse to testify even when ordered to can be found in contempt of court and fined or jailed. On the journalistic side of keeping sources confidential, there is also a risk to the journalist’s credibility because there can be no actual confirmation of whether the information is valid. As such it is highly discouraged for journalists to have confidential sources.
The term Fourth Estate or fourth power refers to the press and news media both in explicit capacity of advocacy and implicit ability to frame political issues. Though it is not formally recognized as a part of a political system, it wields significant indirect social influence.
The derivation of the term fourth estate arises from the traditional European concept of the three estates of the realm: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. The equivalent term “fourth power” is somewhat uncommon in English, but it is used in many European languages, including Italian (quarto potere), German (Vierte Gewalt), Spanish (Cuarto poder), and French (Quatrième pouvoir), to refer to a government’s separation of powers into legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
Thomas Carlyle attributed the origin of the term to Edmund Burke, who used it in a parliamentary debate in 1787 on the opening up of press reporting of the House of Commons of Great Britain. Earlier writers have applied the term to lawyers, to the British queens consort (acting as free agents independent of their husbands), and to the proletariat.
In modern use, the term is applied to the press, with the earliest use in this sense described by Thomas Carlyle in his book On Heroes and Hero Worship: “Burke said there were Three Estates in Parliament; but, in the Reporters’ Gallery yonder, there sat a Fourth Estate more important far than they all.”
Burke’s 1787 coining would have been making reference to the traditional three estates of Parliament: The Lords Spiritual, the Lords Temporal and the Commons. If, indeed, Burke did make the statement Carlyle attributes to him, the remark may have been in the back of Carlyle’s mind when he wrote in his French Revolution (1837) that “A Fourth Estate, of Able Editors, springs up; increases and multiplies, irrepressible, incalculable.” In this context, the other three estates are those of the French States-General: the church, the nobility and the townsmen. Carlyle, however, may have mistaken his attribution: Thomas Macknight, writing in 1858, observes that Burke was merely a teller at the “illustrious nativity of the Fourth Estate”. If Burke is excluded, other candidates for coining the term are Henry Brougham speaking in Parliament in 1823 or 1824 and Thomas Macaulay in an essay of 1828 reviewing Hallam’s Constitutional History: “The gallery in which the reporters sit has become a fourth estate of the realm.” In 1821, William Hazlitt (whose son, also named William Hazlitt, was another editor of Michel de Montaigne—see below) had applied the term to an individual journalist, William Cobbett, and the phrase soon became well established.
Oscar Wilde wrote:
In old days men had the rack. Now they have the Press. That is an improvement certainly. But still it is very bad, and wrong, and demoralizing. Somebody — was it Burke? — called journalism the fourth estate. That was true at the time no doubt. But at the present moment it is the only estate. It has eaten up the other three. The Lords Temporal say nothing, the Lords Spiritual have nothing to say, and the House of Commons has nothing to say and says it. We are dominated by Journalism.
In United States English, the phrase “fourth estate” is contrasted with the “fourth branch of government“, a term that originated because no direct equivalents to the estates of the realm exist in the United States. The “fourth estate” is used to emphasize the independence of the press, while the “fourth branch” suggests that the press is not independent of the government.
The networked Fourth Estate
Yochai Benkler, author of the 2006 book The Wealth of Networks, described the “Networked Fourth Estate” in a May 2011 paper published in the Harvard Civil Liberties Review. He explains the growth of non-traditional journalistic media on the Internet and how it affects the traditional press using WikiLeaks as an example. When Benkler was asked to testify in the United States vs. PFC Bradley E. Manning trial, in his statement to the morning 10 July 2013 session of the trial he described the Networked Fourth Estate as the set of practices, organizing models, and technologies that are associated with the free press and provide a public check on the branches of government. It differs from the traditional press and the traditional fourth estate in that it has a diverse set of actors instead of a small number of major presses. These actors include small for-profit media organizations, non-profit media organizations, academic centers, and distributed networks of individuals participating in the media process with the larger traditional organizations.
Due to the massive increase in centralized political powers, emerges a need for the fourth estate of democracy, where transparency is maintained regarding information, news and the public sphere. This fourth estate, being the news media, contributes greatly and is used as a tool for the unbiased dispersion of news. Addressing important information that may often showcase the dark side of political parties or corporations.
During the American Revolution, this fourth estate was crucial for the process of distributing information, with the medium being newspapers. This demand for information had carried on even after the American Revolution, where it was heavily utilized for ideological dispersion. News media plays an important role in keeping the populace notified, and actively engages in distributing the truth, which has brought to light various issues. A popular example being the exposing of President Nixon‘s criminal activities, which ultimately led to his resignation, showcasing the political capability of this fourth estate. More recently, news media and journalists have played an extremely huge role in exposing the illegal monitoring done by the NSA, where a large percentage of the population is closely surveilled, and their disclosed information is accessible by the government.
These events showcase the capability of news media as a fourth estate of the truth, which serves the people. Furthermore, creates a sense of balance and transparency in society.
What Is Happening to Our Media?
Across the Western world, barely a month passes without more bad news for journalism and the commercial news media that have historically sustained the journalistic profession and its role in democracy. Newspapers and commercial broadcasters are boom businesses in emerging markets like Brazil and India, but in the old, affluent democracies, news journalism increasingly looks like a sunset industry. Paid print newspaper circulation is declining and while millions visit newspaper websites, few titles have succeeded in making money online. Advertising revenues are down or at best stagnant for much of the news industry, as companies cut their budgets in response to the economic slump or move their ads to search engines like Google or social networking sites like Facebook. Television broadcasters are generally holding their own financially but often cutting back on their investment in journalism as they compete for audiences who tend to prefer entertainment over news.
Even independent license-fee funded public service broadcasting, often seen as a stable safe haven for quality reporting in an uncertain media environment, is now under pressure—financially from governments in a time of austerity, politically from free-market forces and commercial media industry lobbies frustrated by increased competition on digital platforms, and in some countries from public outrage provoked by appalling editorial errors, as in the McAlpine scandal over spurious allegations of child abuse that recently brought down the newly-appointed BBC General Director George Entwistle.
The consequences are, as I’ve argued in my recently published report “Ten Years that Shook the Media World”, likely to be profound—not only for the industry, but also for democracy. For all its many shortcomings, professionally produced journalism has been the most important, the most widely used, and the most independent source of information about public affairs for most citizens in most democracies, but its ability to play this role in the future is now in doubt.
The twenty-first century was supposed to be a golden age for journalism, a time of more accurate, easily accessible, transparent, and communally connected reporting leveraging the affordances of new digital and networked technologies and the resources of “the people formerly known as the audience” in pursuit of the public interest. In some ways, these predictions have come true—the best journalism today is arguably better than it has ever been, linking to original sources, available across many different widely used platforms, open to comments and criticism from readers, and engaged in an ongoing conversation and collaboration with a wider range of actors than ever before.
And yet in many Western countries, the most basic precondition for good journalism, that there are journalists out there to do it, seems endangered. The combination of a cyclical downturn—the biggest economic crisis since the 1930s—and a structural shift in how we communicate—the rise and rapid spread of first the internet and then personal and portable mobile media—has challenged the legacy of commercial news media organizations that continue to produce and disseminate the most professionally produced news content in most democracies. In places as different as Finland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, newspaper companies currently employ two-thirds or more of all professional journalists. In all these countries, newspaper companies are cutting their costs and laying off reporters to balance declining revenues.
Journalism has, for good and for bad, been integral to popular government for at least a century. Today, the institutions that make it possible are changing rapidly. Newspaper companies across the Western world are struggling to adjust to a new media environment, and commercial broadcasters know that they too will have to face the digital transition. There are important differences from country to country in terms of how well each industry has been able to handle the challenges at hand, but the overall democratic challenge is a shared, dual one—how to fund professional journalism in the future, and how to ensure it manages to remain relevant in an ever more competitive media environment with thousands and thousands of offerings competing for our attention?
In emerging economies like Brazil and India, traditional elite-oriented newspaper companies face some of the same problems their counterparts in more affluent democracies struggle with, even as an increasing number of popular newspapers grow by catering to the expanding salaried lower middle classes and benefit from the combination of economic growth, increased literacy, and limited internet access. In this context, news is reaching more and more people as more and more commercial media cater to a broader and more diverse audience, and journalism is not existentially threatened even as questions of quality and independence often remain unresolved.
But in most affluent democracies, both popular and elite news media are struggling to adjust to a new communication environment. The trends today points toward a future in which there are fewer large media audiences gathered around a shared news agenda and more niche ones oriented towards their own interest, towards a further erosion of the will and ability of commercial media companies to underwrite general interest news journalism, and as a consequence towards a continually growing gulf between the few who will in all likelihood be more informed than ever before (as users of various premium news products) and the many who will find less and less news produced for them.
This development points towards a different, and less equal, twenty-first century democracy than the one most Western countries aspired to in the second half of the twentieth century. It represents one of the great social and political issues of our time, and a massive challenge for journalists, news industry professionals, policymakers, and media reform activists interested in shaping the future of the media. It will profoundly change not only journalism and the news industry, but also democracy.
Current Problems in the Media
The burgeoning problems with the media have been documented in great detail by researchers, academicians and journalists themselves:
High levels of inaccuracies
- Public confidence in the media, already low, continues to slip. A poll by USA TODAY/CNN/Gallup found only 36 percent of Americans believe news organizations get the facts straight, compared with 54 percent in mid-1989.
- According to an in-depth study by the American Society of Newspaper Editors in 1999, 23 percent of the public find factual errors in the news stories of their daily paper at least once a week while more than a third of the public – 35 percent – see spelling or grammar mistakes in their newspaper more than once a week. The study also found that 73 percent of adults in America have become more skeptical about the accuracy of their news.
- The level of inaccuracy noticed is even higher when the public has first-hand knowledge of a news story. Almost 50 percent of the public reports having had first-hand knowledge of a news event at some time even though they were not personally part of the story. Of that group, only 51 percent said the facts in the story were reported accurately, with the remainder finding errors ranging from misinterpretations to actual errors.
- When reporters and editors interviewed in the ASNE study were asked why they thought mistakes were being made, 34 percent said the “rush to deadline” was the major factor, one third said it was a combination of being “overworked” and “understaffed,” and the remaining third said it was “inattention, carelessness, inexperience, poor knowledge” and just-plain-bad editing and reporting.
- The Columbia Journalism Review and the nonprofit, nonpartisan research firm Public Agenda polled 125 senior journalists nationwide in 1999 on various questions. When asked: “Have you ever seriously suspected a colleague of manufacturing a quote or an incident?” a disturbingly high 38 percent answered yes.
There is tendency for the press to play up and dwell on stories that are sensational – murders, car crashes, kidnappings, sex scandals and the like.
- In a study by the American Society of Newspaper Editors, eighty percent of the American public said they believe “journalists chase sensational stories because they think it will sell papers, not because they think it is important news. ” Another 85 percent of the public believes that “newspapers frequently over-dramatize some news stories just to sell more papers.” Over 80 percent believe sensational stories receive lots of news coverage simply because they are exciting, not because they are important.
- 78 percent of the public thinks journalists enjoy reporting on the personal failings of private officials.
- 48 percent of the public sees misleading headlines in their paper more than once a week.
Mistakes regularly left uncorrected
A 1999 poll by the Columbia Journalism Review and the nonprofit research firm Public Agenda of 125 senior journalists nationwide found:
- Fully 70 percent of the respondents felt that most news organizations do a “poor” (20 percent) or “fair” (50 percent) job of informing the public about errors in their reporting. Barely a quarter called it “good.” A paltry 2 percent awarded a rating of “excellent.”
- A remarkable 91 percent think newsrooms need more open and candid internal discussion of editorial mistakes and what to do about them.
- Almost four in ten of those people interviewed feel sure many factual errors are never corrected because reporters and editors are eager to hide their mistakes.
- More than half think most news organizations lack proper internal guidelines for making corrections.
- A majority (52 percent) thinks the media needs to give corrections more prominent display.
- Over 40 percent said their news organization does not even have a person designated to review and assess requests for corrections.
Poor coverage of important issues
While the media is busy covering sensationalist stories, issues that affect our lives and the whole world receive little attention.The Environment
- A study by the Center for Media and Public Affairs found the number of stories about the environment on the network news went from 377 in 1990 and 220 in 1991 to only 106 in 1998 and 131 in 1999. At the same time, the number of stories about entertainment soared from 134 in 1990 and 95 in 1991, to 221 stories in 1998, and 172 in 1999.
Though polls repeatedly show Americans overwhelmingly (higher than 80 percent) want improvements in the environment, Dan Fagin, President of the independent Society of Environmental Journalists, said in 2003 “Whether the subject is global climate change or local sprawl, aging power plants or newborn salmon, debate over environmental issues has never been … so obfuscated by misleading claims. Meanwhile, getting environmental stories into print, or on the air, has never been more difficult.”
- “The Project for Excellence in Journalism, reporting on the front pages of the New York Times and the Los Angeles Times, on the ABC, CBS, and NBC Nightly news programs, and on Time and Newsweek, showed that from 1977 to 1997, the number of stories about government dropped from one in three to one in five, while the number of stories about celebrities rose from one in every 50 stories to one in every 14. What difference does it make? Well, it’s government that can pick our pockets, slap us into jail, run a highway through our backyard or send us to war. Knowing what government does is “the news we need to keep our freedoms.”
– Bill Moyers
- The reporting on national affairs by the major newsmagazines has declined by 25 percent, while the number of entertainment and celebrity stories has doubled, according to “The State of the News Media in 2004” report by the non-partisan Project for Excellence in Journalism.
Foreign Aid and 24,000 Easily Preventable Deaths a Day
- At the Rio Earth Summit the world’s industrialized nations agreed to fix international aid at 0.7 percent of GDP. The only countries to reach that target have been the Scandinavian countries. The US ranks at the very bottom with a pathetic 0.14 percent. A sizeable amount of our aid is political in nature and does not go toward benefiting people in need. Even when private donations are included in the mix, our country still ranks at the bottom in total giving per capita.
According to the World Health Organization about 28,000 people who die every day around the world could be saved easily with basic care. In all, last year 8.8 million lives were lost needlessly (approximately the combined number of people living in Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine) due to preventable diseases, infections and child birth complications.
When Americans are asked what percentage of the GDP for international aid would be reasonable, the answers range from 1 percent to 5 percent. Similarly, when asked what percentage of the federal budget should go to foreign aid, Americans on average said 14 percent, and that in fact, they thought 20 percent was currently being allocated. The actual amount of our budget allocated is 1 percent.
Yet the press rarely reports on any of the above – that we give so little, that we are avoiding what we agreed to, that Americans think giving at a higher level would be reasonable, that we think we are giving far more than we are, and that a huge number of deaths every day (eight times the number that died in the 9-11 attacks), are a direct result of not receiving basic care. When the press does report on foreign aid, the media often perpetuates the myth that we give substantially and in proportion to our means.
- Large numbers of Americans give low ratings to the media for school coverage. For example, in a joint survey by the Education Writers Association and the Public Agenda, 44 percent gave “print media with a national readership” ratings of fair to poor, while only 4 percent gave a rating of excellent. About 84 percent gave “broadcast media with a national audience” ratings of fair to poor and only 1 percent gave a rating of excellent. Educators and journalists agreed. Over 44 percent of journalists rated “print media with a national readership” as fair to poor in their coverage and 84 percent rated “broadcast media with a national audience” the same.
Nonprofit media organizations rate far higher on educating the public than for-profit entities
A seven-month series of polls by the Center for Policy Attitudes and Center for International and Security Studies at the University of Maryland found that Americans receiving their news from nonprofit organizations were far more likely to have accurate perceptions related to American foreign policy than those receiving their information from for-profit entities. The study also found the variations could not be explained as a result of differences in the demographic characteristics of each audience, because the variations were also found when comparing the demographic subgroups of each audience.
For example, in three areas of information related to Iraq (whether weapons of mass destruction had been found, if clear evidence had been found linking Iraq and al-Qaeda and if worldwide public opinion supported the war in Iraq), only 23 percent of those who received their information from PBS and NPR had an inaccurate perception, while 55 percent of those who received their information from CNN or NBC had an inaccurate perception, 61 percent for ABC, 71 percent for CBS and 80 percent for Fox.
Similarly, on the specific question of whether the majority of the people in the world favored the U.S. having gone to war, 63 percent of those who received their information from CBS misperceived, 58 percent who received their information from ABC misperceived and only 26 percent of those who received their information from PBS and NPR misperceived. Those receiving information from the other networks fell into a similar pattern as demonstrated in the example above: Fox at 69 percent, NBC at 56 percent and CNN at 54 percent – all with rates of misperception twice as high as the nonprofit media organizations.
When the percentages of people misperceiving in each area were averaged, it was found that those receiving information from for-profit broadcast media outlets were nearly three times as likely to misperceive as those receiving from the nonprofit media organizations. Those receiving their information from Fox News showed the highest average rate of misperceptions — 45 percent — while those receiving their information from PBS and NPR showed the lowest – 11 percent. CBS showed at 36 percent, CNN at 31 percent, ABC at 30 percent, and NBC at 30 percent.
The study found similar patterns also existed within demographic groups, and that differences in demographics could not explain the variations in levels of misperception.
For example, the average rate for all Republicans for the three key misperceptions was 43 percent. Yet for Republicans who took their news from PBS and NPR, the average rate was only 32 percent – a full one quarter less. This same pattern occurred in polled Democrats and Independents.
Similarly, among those with bachelor’s degrees or higher, the average rate of misperceptions was 27 percent. However among those who had their news from PBS-NPR the average rate was 10 percent. This pattern was observed at other educational levels as well.
The media’s short attention span
- Anthony Downs of the Brookings Institution in the 1970’s began observing what he called “the issue attention cycle” in the American media. The cycle is: the news media and public ignore a serious problem for years; for some reason, they suddenly notice, declare it a crisis and concoct a solution; next they realize the problem will not be easily fixed and will be costly; they grow angry, then bored; finally, they resume ignoring the problem.
- Here is an example from research done by Laura Haniford of the University of Michigan. Haniford focused on the news media’s coverage of the racial achievement gap — the difference between how whites and blacks score on standardized tests.
She found that from 1984 to 1995, The Ann Arbor News published 11 articles on the achievement gap in local schools; then suddenly, in 1997, 92 achievement-gap articles appeared; then, gap coverage virtually disappeared again, plummeting to two articles in 2001. What amazed her was that during that entire period the achievement gap remained substantial and virtually unchanged.
The media does not cover itself
- Of the roughly 1,500 daily newspapers in the U.S., “Only a handful—at most a dozen, including The [Washington] Post—actually have a reporter who covers the press full-time as a beat. What critical reporting exists, though at times is refreshingly good, it is for the most part timid and superficial. About 15 papers have an ombudsman on staff to respond to readers’ complaints. When it comes to looking at itself, society’s watchdog is a lamb,” according to Sydney Schanberg, one of the most respected journalists of this era, he has been a reporter for The New York Times for more than twenty-five years, and recipient of many awards, including a Pulitzer Prize.
- Schanberg adds: It’s no secret that journalism in America has become more slipshod and reckless, at times promiscuous…. Every journalist surely also knows that the old-time standards…have been weakened if not discarded. Most of us in the business, however, stand by as mere observers….
If this were happening in any other profession or power center in American life, the media would be all over the story, holding the offending institution up to a probing light. When law firms breach ethical canons, Wall Street brokerages cheat clients or managed-care companies deny crucial care to patients, we journalists consider it news and frequently put it on the front page. But when our own profession is the offender, we go soft.
By failing to cover ourselves, we have made ourselves complacent, virtually assured that because we are not likely to be scrutinized by our peers, we are safe in our careless or abusive practices.”
- Renee Ferguson of WMAQ in Chicago said the unwillingness on the part of the media to monitor itself is amongst the reasons behind an increasing problem of plagiarism among print and broadcast reporters. “I suspect we all know examples at own our stations and papers where things like the Blair incident have happened,” Ferguson said. “Are we prepared to investigate ourselves?”
Focus on huge profit margins, not serving public
- Geneva Overholser (former Editor of The Des Moines Register and board member of the Pulitzer Prize Board and American Society of Newspaper Editors) describing in 1990 a list of factors rapidly eroding the quality of reporting, said, “There is the fact that newspaper corporations typically retain truly remarkable profit margins: 30 percent is not unusual and the metro average has been somewhere around 17 percent. That’s 17 cents on every dollar made as profit for the company, yet the average beginning salary for a newspaper reporter last year was $17,000.”
- Current data supports Overholser’s assertions. In October, 2003, for example, Gannett Co. Inc., one of the nation’s largest newspaper chains, reported for the first nine months of 2003 profits of $853.2 million on revenues of $4.89 billion, a profit margin of 17.4 percent. In the same month, the E.W. Scripps Co., owner of another chain of daily newspapers, reported quarterly profits of $60.9 million for the company’s newspapers on revenues of $164 million, a profit margin of 37 percent.
- “Citizens are asking journalists and media critics why the media don’t ‘do something’ to discover and publish ‘the truth.’
…. As a loyal American, trained as a journalist some 45 years ago, I am convinced that journalists in the U.S. feel increasingly trapped between their professional values and the marketing/profits mentality so evident now everywhere in the news industry. The old professional values urge them to dig, investigate and bring to the light of day the relevant facts and issues, while the market/profit mentality asks, ‘Is it worth it? Do enough people care?’
It seems clear enough that the market/profit mentality has won out, especially in electronic news, and to a considerable extent in the print media. … Meanwhile, the push for corporate profit margins much higher than those of average American businesses goes on — with 40 to 100 percent in the electronic media and 12 to 45 percent in the print media common during 2003.”
– Margaret T. Gordon, a professor of news media and public policy at the Evans School of Public Affairs at the University of Washington and formerly the dean of the school, in a Seattle Times column August 08, 2003.
- The American public agrees with Overholser and Gordon. In an in-depth by the American Society of Newspaper Editors, 59 percent of Americans said newspapers are concerned mainly with making profits rather than serving the public interest.
Media outlets are investing less in the quality of what they do
According to the Project for Excellence in Journalism, there are 2,700 fewer reporters employed by newspapers in 2003 than there were in 1990. The number of jobs lost is believed to have continued falling in 2004.
According to washingtonspectator.com and speeches made by Bill Moyers, full-time employees of radio stations decreased by 44 percent during the period from 1994 – 2000. Moyers also stated that since the 1980s, broadcast network correspondents’ numbers are down by one-third, and TV networks now have half the previous number of reporters in their foreign bureaus.
The Project for Excellence in Journalism said Internet news also experienced cutbacks:
- “In the area with the greatest potential, they are cutting personnel the most: Our data suggest that news organizations have imposed more cutbacks in their Internet operations than in their old media, and where the investment has come is in technology for processing information, not people to gather it.”
- “Some 62 percent of Web professionals say their newsrooms have seen cutbacks in the last three years – despite huge increases in audiences online. That number is far bigger than the 37 percent of national print, radio and TV journalists who cited cutbacks in their newsrooms. Anecdotally, Web journalists say what investment there is tends to be in technology for processing information, not in journalists to gather news.”
The public is misinformed and uninformed
A few heavily studied examples:Foreign Policy
- A Knight Ridder/Princeton Research poll of Americans showed 44 percent of respondents believed “most” or “some” of the 9-11 hijackers were Iraqis. Only 17 percent gave the correct answer: none. A New York Times/CBS News Poll revealed that 45 percent of respondents believed Saddam Hussein was directly involved in the 9/11 attacks.
- A Pew Research Center/Council on Foreign Relations survey around the same time showed that almost two-thirds of people polled believed U. N. weapons inspectors had “found proof that Iraq is trying to hide weapons of mass destruction.” A report of such proof was never made by Hans Blix or any U.N. inspector, nor was it made by Mohammed El Baradei or any other official of the International Nuclear Regulatory Agency.
The same survey found 57 percent of those polled incorrectly believed Saddam Hussein assisted the 9/11 terrorists.
- Despite wide knowledge of the above polls and others similar to them, the media did little to correct the misperceptions and in fact, may have continued feeding them. A poll conducted months later by the Washington Post on September 6, 2003 found that 69 percent of Americans thought Hussein was linked to 9/11.
Who We Elect
- A major study by the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government found the level of people’s knowledge about candidates’ positions rose and fell based on the degree to which the media was focusing on important issues. Moving from a spate of media coverage of gaffes by Bush and Gore in the 2000 race to a period of focusing on the issues, for example, there was a 20 percent increase in people’s ability to identify correctly the two candidates’ positions.
“Once again, public awareness increases when the focus is on the issues,” said Marvin Kalb, the Executive Director of the Shorenstein Center’s Washington Office and co-director of the Vanishing Voter Project.
- Still, only a few weeks before the election, when voters were read a major issue position attributed to a candidate and then asked whether it was the candidate’s actual position, on average, of those polled 47 percent said they “didn’t know,” while 34 percent identified the position accurately and 19 percent misidentified it. In all, almost 50 percent of registered voters were able to recognize none or only one of the twelve candidate positions. Only 10 percent knew more than half of the policy positions about which they were asked.
- “It’s pretty clear that millions of Americans will go to the polls on Election Day armed with only scant knowledge of the issues, Some of them might be a bit surprised next year when the new President pursues policies quite different from those they thought he would.”- Thomas Patterson, Bradlee Professor of Government and the Press at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government and director of the Shorenstein Center surveys
In 1945, four out of five American newspapers were independently owned and published by people with close ties to their communities. Those days are gone however. Today less than 20 percent of the country’s 1483 papers are independently owned; the rest belong to multi-newspaper chains.
- “Of the nation’s 1,500 daily papers, nearly 1,200 — about 80 percent — are owned by the big chains, which concentrate on reaping large profits and are not much given to public self-examination on ethics and quality issues.
…. The gut decision that journalists have to make is whether they want to be regarded as professionals with honor or merely as pickup teams of scribblers and windbags.”- Sydney Schanberg
- “It is not apparent to many news consumers, but 22 companies now control 70 percent of the country’s newspaper circulation and 10 companies own the broadcast stations that reach 85 percent of the United States.
Since 1975, two-thirds of independent newspaper owners and one-third of independent television owners have disappeared. Only 281 of the nation’s 1,500 daily newspapers remain independently owned. The three largest newspaper publishers control 25 percent of daily newspaper circulation worldwide.”- Freepress.net
- “Five companies now own the broadcast networks, 90 percent of the top 50 cablenetworks produce three-quarters of all prime time programming, and control 70 percent of the prime time television market share. The same companies that own the nation’s most popular newspapers and networks also own over 85 percent of the top 20 Internet news sites.
While the Internet has become a valuable new source of information, the vast majority of Americans continue to rely on television, newspaper, and radio as their primary sources of news information. Two-thirds of America’s independent newspapers have been lost since 1975 and according to the Department of Justice’s Merger Guidelines every local newspaper market in the U.S. is highly concentrated.
One-third of America’s independent TV stations have vanished since 1975 and there has been a 34 percent decline in the number of radio station owners since the Telecommunications Act of 1996.”
– According to bill H.R. 4069 introduced to the House of Representatives March 30, 2004
- “Sure enough, as merger has followed merger, journalism has been driven further down the hierarchy of values in the huge conglomerates that dominate what we see, read and hear. And to feed the profit margins – journalism has been directed to other priorities than “the news we need to know to keep our freedoms.” – Bill Moyers
Journalists agree that major problems exist.
- Only 47 percent of journalists surveyed felt their publications were improving.
- Only 39 percent felt their newspapers were usually very interesting to read.
- A remarkably low 21 percent felt their newspapers were connecting very well with readers.
“For all sorts of reasons, timidity, self-satisfaction, greed, inappropriate desire to belong…for all these reasons and more, there is an awful lot that the press keeps from you…. we’ll begin with squeamishness… and an overdeveloped fear of offending someone… orthodoxy, conventional thinking, a misplaced pleasure at being on the inside, incompetence and laziness…. greed…. the fact, for example, that too many papers by far do not wish to offend major advertisers….
Reporters who are incompetent, lazy, lack fire in the belly…. You put all these sins together, and there are more, and you come up with a public-press know-nothing pact that makes some sizeable contributions, I would argue, to our national problems currently.
Break this know nothing pact now and you will have taken as mighty a step as you can as an individual to help see to it that we as a nation move together toward a lively, hopeful, confident, and all-embracing future.”
– Speech to Stanford graduates by Geneva Overholser, chosen 1990 Editor of the Year by the Gannett Company, former board member of the American Society of Newspaper Editors and Pulitzer Prize Board, former reporter for NY Times, and former Editor of the Des Moines Register.
Rachel Kainer has spent spent four years of her life dedicated to journalism. She is incredibly disappointed with the media today. She prefers not to watch or read the news these days because of the unprofessional, biased pieces that are put out. Instead of being informed of the actual facts, all we get are exaggerated, untrue information and reporters/writers’ opinions. With people these days being so quick to believe what they hear on the news, the nature of the media right now is extremely dangerous. She doesn’t believe that every single reporter, journalist, or writer is a liar or is guilty of acting like this. Unfortunately, the honest, professional journalists who just want to expose the truth are few and far between today. It seems like every year mainstream media is more and more skewed away from the truth of the facts.
Today articles are completely biased by the author’s opinions. Obviously, everyone is entitled to his or her own opinion, She is exerting her First Amendment right to state her opinion right now. But when you take on the responsibility of a journalist, to tell everyone the God-honest facts, you better do just that. Save your opinion for an editorial, because it has no place in the news. If you’re going to write a news article and put your own opinion in it, you should explicitly state that it is your opinion. Nobody in a place of authority like that should be sharing their opinion and claiming it as fact.
Why are facts so misrepresented and skewed? If you don’t have all the facts, don’t write about it. Don’t makeup facts or exaggerate the facts because you want a story and you want it out now. I completely understand that news, especially important or breaking news, needs to be shared in a timely manner. I’m not saying that the media should withhold important information just because they don’t have all the facts.
You can still write an article or put a story on the news; just don’t include information you don’t know. Putting out false information only leads to misjudgment. In today’s world when everyone is so easily offended and so quick to accuse other people, why would you publish anything as the truth if you’re not sure that it’s true?
And why are we so busy attacking others? If you state the honest facts, people will make their own opinions. It’s completely unfair for you to force your own opinions down someone’s throat when it’s your job to let them know what honestly happened. Furthermore, if you’re going to make an assumption about something in a news piece when you don’t even know the facts it’s only going to cause problems.
Journalism, the news, and the media were never meant to be this way. The world today, now more than ever, needs a source that they can trust. We need a source of information that we know will be honest, unbiased and true to the facts. We don’t want to hear anything but the truth, and we can make my own opinions based on honest facts. That’s all we want from the media, and we hope that someday this dream will come true.
The Impact of Social Media: Is it Irreplaceable?
In little more than a decade, the impact of social media has gone from being an entertaining extra to a fully integrated part of nearly every aspect of daily life for many.
Recently in the realm of commerce, Facebook faced skepticism in its testimony to the Senate Banking Committee on Libra, its proposed cryptocurrency and alternative financial system. In politics, heartthrob Justin Bieber tweeted the President of the United States, imploring him to “let those kids out of cages.” In law enforcement, the Philadelphia police department moved to terminate more than a dozen police officers after their racist comments on social media were revealed.
And in the ultimate meshing of the digital and physical worlds, Elon Musk raised the specter of essentially removing the space between social and media through the invention — at some future time — of a brain implant that connects human tissue to computer chips.
All this, in the span of about a week.
As quickly as social media has insinuated itself into politics, the workplace, home life and elsewhere, it continues to evolve at lightning speed, making it tricky to predict which way it will morph next. It’s hard to recall now, but SixDegrees.com, Friendster and Makeoutclub.com were each once the next big thing, while one survivor has continued to grow in astonishing ways. In 2006, Facebook had 7.3 million registered users and reportedly turned down a $750 million buyout offer. In the first quarter of 2019, the company could claim 2.38 billion active users, with a market capitalization hovering around half a trillion dollars.
“In 2007 I argued that Facebook might not be around in 15 years. I’m clearly wrong, but it is interesting to see how things have changed,” says Jonah Berger, Wharton marketing professor and author of Contagious: Why Things Catch On. The challenge going forward is not just having the best features, but staying relevant, he says. “Social media isn’t a utility. It’s not like power or water where all people care about is whether it works. Young people care about what using one platform or another says about them. It’s not cool to use the same site as your parents and grandparents, so they’re always looking for the hot new thing.”
Just a dozen years ago, everyone was talking about a different set of social networking services, “and I don’t think anyone quite expected Facebook to become so huge and so dominant,” says Kevin Werbach, Wharton professor of legal studies and business ethics. “At that point, this was an interesting discussion about tech start-ups.
“Today, Facebook is one of the most valuable companies on earth and front and center in a whole range of public policy debates, so the scope of issues we’re thinking about with social media are broader than then,” Werbach adds.
Cambridge Analytica, the impact of social media on the last presidential election and other issues may have eroded public trust, Werbach said, but “social media has become really fundamental to the way that billions of people get information about the world and connect with each other, which raises the stakes enormously.”
Just Say No
“Facebook is dangerous,” said Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio) at July’s hearing of the Senate Banking Committee. “Facebook has said, ‘just trust us.’ And every time Americans trust you, they seem to get burned.”
Social media has plenty of detractors, but by and large, do Americans agree with Brown’s sentiment? In 2018, 42% of those surveyed in a Pew Research Center survey said they had taken a break from checking the platform for a period of several weeks or more, while 26% said they had deleted the Facebook app from their cellphone.
A year later, though, despite the reputational beating social media had taken, the 2019 iteration of the same Pew survey found social media use unchanged from 2018.
Facebook has its critics, says Wharton marketing professor Pinar Yildirim, and they are mainly concerned about two things: mishandling consumer data and poorly managing access to it by third party providers; and the level of disinformation spreading on Facebook.
“Social media isn’t a utility. It’s not like power or water where all people care about is whether it works. Young people care about what using one platform or another says about them.”–Jonah Berger
“The question is, are we at a point where the social media organizations and their activities should be regulated for the benefit of the consumer? I do not think more regulation will necessarily help, but certainly this is what is on the table,” says Yildirim. “In the period leading to the [2020 U.S. presidential] elections, we will hear a range of discussions about regulation on the tech industry.”
Some proposals relate to stricter regulation on collection and use of consumer data, Yildirim adds, noting that the European Union already moved to stricter regulations last year by adopting the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). “A number of companies in the U.S. and around the world adopted the GDPR protocol for all of their customers, not just for the residents of EU,” she says. “We will likely hear more discussions on regulation of such data, and we will likely see stricter regulation of this data.”
The other discussion bound to intensify is around the separation of Big Tech into smaller, easier to regulate units. “Most of us academics do not think that dividing organizations into smaller units is sufficient to improve their compliance with regulation. It also does not necessarily mean they will be less competitive,” says Yildirim. “For instance, in the discussion of Facebook, it is not even clear yet how breaking up the company would work, given that it does not have very clear boundaries between different business units.”
Even if such regulations never come to pass, the discussions “may nevertheless hurt Big Tech financially, given that most companies are publicly traded and it adds to the uncertainty,” Yildirim notes.
One prominent commentator about the negative impact of social media is Jaron Lanier, whose fervent opposition makes itself apparent in the plainspoken title of his 2018 book Ten Arguments for Deleting Your Social Media Accounts Right Now. He cites loss of free will, social media’s erosion of the truth and destruction of empathy, its tendency to make people unhappy, and the way in which it is “making politics impossible.” The title of the last chapter: “Social Media Hates Your Soul.”
Lanier is no tech troglodyte. A polymath who bridges the digital and analogue realms, he is a musician and writer, has worked as a scientist for Microsoft, and was co-founder of pioneering virtual reality company VPL Research. The nastiness that online existence brings out in users “turned out to be like crude oil for the social media companies and other behavior manipulation empires that quickly came to dominate the internet, because it fuelled negative behavioral feedback,” he writes.
“Social media has become really fundamental to the way that billions of people get information about the world and connect with each other, which raises the stakes enormously.”–Kevin Werbach
Worse, there is an addictive quality to social media, and that is a big issue, says Berger. “Social media is like a drug, but what makes it particularly addictive is that it is adaptive. It adjusts based on your preferences and behaviors,” he says, “which makes it both more useful and engaging and interesting, and more addictive.”
The effect of that drug on mental health is only beginning to be examined, but a recent University of Pennsylvania study makes the case that limiting use of social media can be a good thing. Researchers looked at a group of 143 Penn undergraduates, using baseline monitoring and randomly assigning each to either a group limiting Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat use to 10 minutes per platform per day, or to one told to use social media as usual for three weeks. The results, published in the Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, showed significant reductions in loneliness and depression over three weeks in the group limiting use compared to the control group.
However, “both groups showed significant decreases in anxiety and fear of missing out over baseline, suggesting a benefit of increased self-monitoring,” wrote the authors of “No More FOMO: Limiting Social Media Decreases Loneliness and Depression.”
Monetizing a League (and a Reality) All Their Own
No one, though, is predicting that social media is a fad that will pass like its analogue antecedent of the 1970s, citizens band radio. It will, however, evolve. The idea of social media as just a way to reconnect with high school friends seems quaint now. The impact of social media today is a big tent, including not only networks like Facebook, but also forums like Reddit and video-sharing platforms.
“The question is, are we at a point where the social media organizations and their activities should be regulated for the benefit of the consumer?”–Pinar Yildirim
Virtual worlds and gaming have become a major part of the sector, too. Wharton marketing professor Peter Fader says gamers are creating their own user-generated content through virtual worlds — and the revenue to go with it. He points to one group of gamers that use Grand Theft Auto as a kind of stage or departure point “to have their own virtual show.” In NoPixel, the Grand Theft Auto roleplaying server, “not much really happens and millions are tuning in to watch them. Just watching, not even participating, and it’s either live-streamed or recorded. And people are making donations to support this thing. The gamers are making hundreds of thousands of dollars.
“Now imagine having a 30-person reality show all filmed live and you can take the perspective of one person and then watch it again from another person’s perspective,” he continues. “Along the way, they can have a tip jar or talk about things they endorse. That kind of immersive media starts to build the bridge to what we like to get out of TV, but even better. Those things are on the periphery right now, but I think they are going to take over.”
Big players have noticed the potential of virtual sports and are getting into the act. In a striking example of the physical world imitating the digital one, media companies are putting up real-life stadiums where teams compete in video games. Comcast Spectator in March announced that it is building a new $50 million stadium in South Philadelphia that will be the home of the Philadelphia Fusion, the city’s e-sports team in the Overwatch League.
E-sports is serious business, with revenues globally — including advertising, sponsorships and media rights — expected to reach $1.1 billion in 2019, according to gaming industry analytics company Newzoo.
“E-sports is absolutely here to stay,” says Fader, “and I think it’s a safe bet to say that e-sports will dominate most traditional sports, managing far more revenue and having more impact on our consciousness than baseball.”
It’s no surprise, then, that Facebook has begun making deals to carry e-sports content. In fact, it is diversification like this that may keep Facebook from ending up like its failed upstart peers. One thing that Facebook has managed to do that MySpace, Friendster and others didn’t, is “a very good job of creating functional integration with the value they are delivering, as opposed to being a place to just share photos or send messages, it serves a lot of diversified functions,” says Keith E. Niedermeier, director of Wharton’s undergraduate marketing program and an adjunct professor of marketing. “They are creating groups and group connections, but you see them moving into lots of other services like streaming entertainment, mobile payments, and customer-to-customer buying and selling.”
“[WeChat] has really instantiated itself as a day-to-day tool in China, and it’s clear to me that Facebook would like to emulate that sort of thing.”–Keith Niedermeier
In China, WeChat has become the biggest mobile payment platform in the world and it is the platform for many third-party apps for things like bike sharing and ordering airplane tickets. “It has really instantiated itself as a day-to-day tool in China, and it’s clear to me that Facebook would like to emulate that sort of thing,” says Niedermeier.
Among nascent social media platforms that are particularly promising right now, Yildirim says that “social media platforms which are directed at achieving some objectives with smaller scale and more homogenous people stand a higher chance of entering the market and being able to compete with large, general-purpose platforms such as Facebook and Twitter.”
Irreplaceable – and Damaging?
Of course, many have begun to believe that the biggest challenge around the impact of social media may be the way it is changing society. The “attention-grabbing algorithms underlying social media … propel authoritarian practices that aim to sow confusion, ignorance, prejudice, and chaos, thereby facilitating manipulation and undermining accountability,” writes University of Toronto political science professor Ronald Deibert in a January essay in the Journal of Democracy.
Berger notes that any piece of information can now get attention, whether it is true or false. This means more potential for movements both welcome as well as malevolent. “Before, only media companies had reach, so it was harder for false information to spread. It could happen, but it was slow. Now anyone can share anything, and because people tend to believe what they see, false information can spread just as, if not more easily, than the truth.
“It’s certainly allowed more things to bubble up rather than flow from the top down,” says Berger. Absent gatekeepers, “everyone is their own media company, broadcasting to the particular set of people that follow them. It used to be that a major label signing you was the path to stardom. Now artists can build their own following online and break through that way. Social media has certainly made fame and attention more democratic, though not always in a good way.”
Deibert writes that “in a short period of time, digital technologies have become pervasive and deeply embedded in all that we do. Unwinding them completely is neither possible nor desirable.”
His cri de coeur argues: that citizens have the right to know what companies and governments are doing with their personal data, and that this right be extended internationally to hold autocratic regimes to account; that companies be barred from selling products and services that enable infringements on human rights and harms to civil society; for the creation of independent agencies with real power to hold social-media platforms to account; and the creation and enforcement of strong antitrust laws to end dominance of a very few social-media companies.
“Social media has certainly made fame and attention more democratic, though not always in a good way.”–Jonah Berger
The rising tide of concern is now extending across sectors. The U.S. Justice Department has recently begun an anti-trust investigation into how tech companies operate in social media, search and retail services. In July, the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation announced the award of nearly $50 million in new funding to 11 U.S. universities to research how technology is transforming democracy. The foundation is also soliciting additional grant proposals to fund policy and legal research into the “rules, norms and governance” that should be applied to social media and technology companies.
Given all of the reasons not to engage with social media — the privacy issues, the slippery-slope addiction aspect of it, its role in spreading incivility — do we want to try to put the genie back in the bottle? Can we? Does social media definitely have a future?
“Yes, surely it does,” says Yildirim. “Social connections are fabrics of society. Just as the telegraph or telephone as an innovation of communication did not reduce social connectivity, online social networks did not either. If anything, it likely increased connectivity, or reduced the cost of communicating with others.”
It is thanks to online social networks that individuals likely have larger social networks, she says, and while many criticize the fact that we are in touch with large numbers of individuals in a superficial way, these light connections may nevertheless be contributing to our lives when it comes to economic and social outcomes — ranging from finding jobs to meeting new people.
“We are used to being in contact with more individuals, and it is easier to remain in contact with people we only met once. Giving up on this does not seem likely for humans,” she says. “The technology with which we keep in touch may change, may evolve, but we will have social connections and platforms which enable them. Facebook may be gone in 10 years, but there will be something else.”
Today, Freedom From Fear Is Freedom From Mainstream Media
What was once considered unacceptable and unethical in the public domain has been made entirely acceptable and ethical by the mainstream media in the last five years. Not only is the media celebrating existing immoralities, it is also scaling new heights of impropriety. Crudity is the new definition of refinement – the mainstream media’s vulgarity has destroyed the norms of Indian democracy that once prevailed in the public domain.
To be vulgar and immoderate is no longer wrong – be it on the street or in the studios of news channels. This is not the work of one odd channel or anchor; hundreds of them are at it all the time. Sure, you are free to single one out as the leader of the pack – what I want to say is that they have all been flag-bearers of decline, glorifying falling standards.
This transformation has been made possible by the complete fusion of the mainstream media and politics. In the process, the media has recognized the political supporter as the only kind of viewer there can be. Since the consumers and supporters of this media are adherents of a particular ideology and political party, the dividing line between viewer and party supporter has been erased. It is by ending the sheer diversity of information in news that this section of political supporters as viewers has been created. I think of them as the informationless horde, which has grown quite big. For that reason, I take it seriously, refraining from making fun of its follies. When ignorance takes the place of learning, it is no laughing matter.
Periodically, this horde is tested for its singular lack of information. For instance, following the Pulwama incident, the debate was not on the prime minister’s silence but on why Sachin Tendulkar had not spoken out! We have made the cardinal mistake of presuming that the expansion of communication media implies the expansion of information. But that is not so. The sharp erasure of the diversity of issues is what leads to a deprivation of information – a state of informationlessness. And that is what has happened across a proliferating mainstream media.
The ‘national curriculum’ project that mainstream news channels have been running for five years now has been crystal clear about its intent from day one: to snuff out the engaged viewer within you (who asks questions). Only then would the process of seizing democracy without killing it be complete. It is quite another matter that blood has flowed on the streets in the process – the crowd did not spare anyone, be it Subodh Kumar Singh or Akhlaq. That is the kind of impact the national curriculum launched by the present-day dispensation has had. I believe this project has succeeded, overwhelming our democracy and our consciousness of being citizens, of being the people.
The mainstream media launched its national curriculum as soon as the Modi government came to power in 2014. At its core was the idea of ensuring a continual process of Hindu-Muslim divide. For that, it was necessary to create a growing sense of division among citizens. So, the media has been trying to break the people’s very awareness of the idea of citizenship. Since information and questioning are the basis of citizenship, the possibility of either has been severely curtailed. Our mainstream media does not question the government; on the contrary, it interrogates the people on behalf of the government! The political line emerging from these channels in the wake of the Pulwama blast has shown that clearly.
Enemies are being manufactured from within the ranks of citizens. To that end, a sentiment of ‘Hindu frustration’ and ‘Muslim frustration’ – armed with half-baked information – has been generated within all of us. The frustration was there earlier too, but has been magnified several times over and ‘installed’ in the media. For that reason, today’s mainstream media is not the people’s media – it is a media for Hindus. To be more accurate, it speaks for those playing politics in the name of Hindu religion, those professing Hindutva. Five years ago, who would have thought that this Hindutva media would occupy almost 90 % of the mainstream media space! Yet it has happened so.
The mainstream media, in its new Hindutva guise, is certainly not going to confront the dispensation or the establishment. On the contrary, it is their defender, for they too are of the same persuasion.
This is not to say that citizens did not perceive themselves as Hindus earlier. But that understanding has been replaced by a new perception of being Hindu – one who is shorn of courage and running scared of the people standing alongside him. One who looks at the person next to him with suspicion, seeing in him a Hindu who is anti-Hindu. And, by extension, anti-national.
It is for the first time that I am seeing a Hindu who is fearful of other Hindus. Put it down to the contribution of the present-day mainstream media. Its conduct goes completely against those Hindu conventions which are claimed to be superior and are constantly lauded. The Gita may say that anger destroys our powers of discrimination, but our news anchor who takes its name continues to rave and rant in the same breath, speaking only in anger.
The mainstream news media and the social media have forged a new kind of bhakt. Or maybe this new kind of bhakt has helped the media become what it is today. I feel that every citizen ought to be a Kabir or Ravidas – that is, be able to challenge the everyday practices of established religion or the government of the day. Without the example of Guru Ravidas, we would not have been able to comprehend what the purity of mind and heart is all about. A dip in the Ganga would have been the only way to prove one’s faith, and Tendulkar would have had to go to some news channel to prove his patriotism. Today’s mainstream media is against all Indian traditions. What it seeks to do, and has done, is fashion a bhakt who is completely bereft of information. One who is informationless is loveless as well.
This is the baseline of our democratic system now. Its very basis has changed; so too its reference point. If you ask a question, you will be accused of being the following in that order – a Congress agent, a Naxal, urban Naxal, an opponent of Hindu unity, a supporter of Muslims, and, finally, an opponent of Modi, which is where the accusations come to rest. In reality, this final point of offensive defence – why do you oppose Modi? – happens to be the starting point for the end of our democratic system.
To forge a feeling of ‘Hindu frustration’, the media played up a fear of Muslims – in fact, the entire project of building Hindu anger has been centred on this idea. It is worth noting that the project ended up having the same impact on Muslims as it did on Hindus. Just as the Hindus stopped asking questions of the government, the Muslims, out of fear, did the same. In fact, the latter have not just stopped asking questions, they have been abandoning their political right of representation as well in a bid to stem further polarisation in society – they are withdrawing from public and political spaces. Political parties other than the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) have also been affected by this build-up of fear – they too have withdrawn from asking questions on these issues for fear of losing out.
I see before me a craven India where everybody is putting their respective fears forward. It is imperative that we regain our consciousness of being citizens or else we stand to lose the India we attained after a century of struggle. Both Hindus and Muslims need to liberate themselves from fear. For that, they will have to free themselves of the mainstream media.
If one studies the speeches of politicians, the angry demeanor of news anchors, the slogans gracing TV screens and the language of WhatsApp messages, a certain mental complex becomes apparent. A Tendulkar whose language does not reflect that complex can be an anti-national; so too lieutenant-general Syed Ata Hasnain. Today’s mainstream media has shown that stupidity, vulgarity and immoderation can provide a revenue model for good business.
It is not that this process is not being challenged. Members of the public are posing questions to the government through YouTube. A new kind of media is emerging, such as The Wire, Scroll, The Caravan. Then there are newspapers like The Telegraph. We too have been making an effort. The numbers of those who understand what the media ought to be are on the rise. Intrepid female journalists who are fighting the system also provide hope. In terms of the scale of what they are up against, all these efforts are small. But I have faith that these signs of hope will grow with time.
For now, what can be said is that our present-day mainstream media is no longer the fourth estate of democracy, it is the first estate of a political party. Thanks are due to the BJP and Modi ji for bestowing such a spineless mainstream media on India. Really, Modi ji, I am tempted to ask: from where have you got the temperament of a fakir? Only an unworldly fakir can give his blessings to a media such as this.
I think what all Americans want is to be able to live their lives as they see fit, and to be able to provide for themselves and their loved ones. We also want to be able to trust what we hear from the media. It would also be nice to be able to trust the politicians that we elect to do right by us. However, most of us know that this is just too much to ask. However, what we do need is to not have the rights that our forefathers died protecting be taken away from us. Special interest groups do not have the right to speak and make decisions for the masses. Just because you are a billionaire you do not have the right to censor what we hear, read and see. We are all grown-ups and we can make up our own minds on what is the truth. We also have the right to be able to protect not only ourselves but our love ones as well. Let us hope at some time the media will have an epiphany and finally start reporting the news in an unbiased manner. If this happens, just maybe our country stands a chance.
en.wikipedia.org, ” Fourth Estate,” By Wikipedia editors; en.wikipedia.org, “Journalism,” By Wikipedia editors; en.wikipedia.org, ” History of American Journalism,” By Wikipedia editors; en.wikipedia.org, ” History of Journalism,” By Wikipedia editors; en.wikipedia.org, ” History of American Newspapers,” By Wikipedia editors; opensocietyfoundations.org, “What Is Happening to Our Media?” By Rasmus Kleis Nielson; dailysource.org, ” Current Problems in the Media,” By Daily Source Editors; theodysseyonline.com, “Here’s What’s Wrong With The Media Today: Journalism was never meant to be this way,” By Rachel Kainer; knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu, “The Impact of Social Media: Is it Irreplaceable?”; thewire.in, “Today, Freedom From Fear Is Freedom From Mainstream Media: The media has recognized the political supporter as the only kind of viewer there can be,” By Ravish Kumar; “The Coming of Neo Feudalism: A Warning to the Global Middle Class,” By Joel Kotkin;
Postings for Big Tech, Social Media and Corporations |
This website is newly developed, and it is updating constantly by Greek Cruise's Port Members.
Katakolo is the terminal port for travelers wanting to visit the important archaeological site of Ancient Olympia, the place where the first Olympic Games in history took place.
The area has great and unique advantages for a cruise destination, with many alternative choices of tourism on archaeological and natural sides, ensuring variety and diversity.
Ancient Olympia. Sacred and global city, the sanctuary spreads over a majestic landscape that starts from the foot of lush Kronios Hill between Alpheus and tributary Kladeos.
In Pan Hellenic sanctuary of ancient times were held every four years in honor of Zeus, the most brilliant games of the Greeks, the Olympics, identified with the ideals of Peace, which for centuries forged the unity of the ancient Greek world.
In Sacred Altis (Grove) Olympia, life began with the dawn of prehistoric times (2300-2100 BC). The sanctuary was surrounded of wall that separated the temples and religious buildings from the secular. Prominent among the buildings was the temple of Zeus, built by the architect, handles. Also the temple of Hera, the Registry, the Prytaneion and Philippeion, were masterly edifices that adorned the interior of the sacred groves. Apart from the above, an important place in the history of Olympia, have the Palestra, the famous Stadium, the Gymnasium, the workshop of Phidias and the Theikoleonas, the Parliament House, the house and arch of Nero and Leonidaion. The evolution of Olympia was based solely on the Olympics and their impact on the Greek - and not only - the ancient world.
Today in Ancient Olympia, one can admire the archaeological site, the Museums of Ancient and Modern Olympic Games and the Museum of Excavations.
Agios Andreas. The beautiful and historic region that nowadays comprises a big amount of the tourists from the cruises that have as one their stations Katakolo port. Agios Andreas was named after the apostle Andrew who arrived there by boat during the years of the persecution of Christians and later he died as martyr to his faith. The area is full of archaeological findings-at its bottom the Ancient Pheias “is sleeping”. In early 1970, a mission of divers- archeologists had set off much of it that is exposed to various museums in the country. Opposite the beach today there are the Korakas and Tigani islands, formed by the earthquake in the 6th century BC.
Beacon of Katakolon. On top of Katakolo Mountain, just one kilometer away from the port, the Lighthouse stands. Its light accompanies for over a century now the boats approaching the harbor at the ancient Pisces cape, at the outcome of which the village was built and was named Katakolo, meaning the back end of it. The Katakolo lighthouse was built in 1865 with the tower’s height to reach 9 meters. Recently the lighthouse of Katakolo was pronounced preserved historical monument of the region.
Central Square – Courthouse. The historic hill of Pyrgos, and 13 km from Katakolo in Hill County began the creation of the Tower which built in 1512 by Bay. From there the current city was named. In the central square, there are monuments that recall the region's history and struggle of the people.
Central Public Library Tower. Founded in 1926 by a group of prominent citizens. The year 1971 became the Public Library Central and currently has 120,000 volumes of books of all categories.
Domain Mercouri. 2km from the port Katakolo Mercouri Estate is located in western Peloponnese, in Karakohori. It is an old, large farm with a history of 140 years in the production of wine, olive oil and oldest currants.
Museum of Ancient Greek Technology. The Museum is located on the east side of the main square of Katakolo, opposite the train station. It has about 200 reliable and functional models of mechanisms and inventions of the ancient technological miracle after a research.
Museum of Ancient Greek Musical Instruments & Toys. It operates at the Latsis building next to the museum of ancient Greek technology and includes 42 ancient musical instruments accompanied with detailed descriptions and diagrams. The instruments are fully functional and their construction is based on ancient Greek literature and iconographers illustrations.
The two Museums are located at the entrance of Katakolo, and are approximately 50 meters apart.
Archaeological Museum of Pyrgos. It is housed in a neoclassical style building, probably the work of architect Ernestos Ziller, who served as the Municipal Market of the city of Pyrgos from the 19th to the early 20th century. The exhibition includes 1,120 artifacts from all over the prefecture that tell the story of Ilia from prehistoric to post-Byzantine times.
CHURCHES - MONASTERIES
Skafidia Monastery. The female Monastery is located near the homonym village and has its celebration on the Assumption. The church of the monastery was built in the 6th century while today the Skafidia Monastery has quite a lot of tourism. It also has a Museum with various artifacts.
Church Agias Kyriakis Pyrgos. It is the oldest church in Pyrgos. It is Gothic and retains even today its characteristics. Inside there are paintings of great Zakynthian Tamvakis.
Church Agios Nikolas Pyrgos. Located in County square and it is the Cathedral Tower.
Harbor Beach: Here no one goes for swimming but just for relaxation and dreamy pictures immediately after disembarking at the port. It Is the picturesque beach with the fishing boats that tie up ahead of it today, creating the image of a Cycladic island.
The beaches around Katakolo among the most beautiful beaches the Peloponnese some of them are Ntozi Beach, Renate, San Elias, Kingfisher, Stars, Aura, Crab Leventochori, LETRINA and Saracen, Matzakouras Skafidia. Most are sandy and easily accessible, are 3-8 km from the port and meet all tastes and needs of travelers. Reactively and the museum of the excavations.
Recently initiated TRAINOSE revived the historical route. Nowadays the train is again a favorite of tourists and local transport for travel from Katakolo in Pyrgos and Ancient Olympia. |
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As a 2nd year MFA student in the School of Writing, Literature, and Film, Tatiana Dolgushina is writing her history through poetry as a way to understand herself and the country she came from that no longer exists. Born in Soviet Russia, Tatiana and her family fled the country after it collapsed in 1991. Tatiana grew up in South America and came to the US when she was 12, settling in Ohio. She remarks, “so much cultural history of Soviet Russia is influencing who I am today.” Central to her work are ideas of identity formation and childhood displacement. Through writing, she is digging deeper into her experience as an immigrant growing up in multiple countries.
To better understand the root of her identity, Tatiana is reading about the history that led to the dissolution of Soviet Russia. Reading about the history has helped her to understand the events that led to her family’s displacement. She grew up with silence surrounding why they had left, explaining, “Soviet culture is based on a fear of talking about historical events.” She reflects on feeling shame associated with being an immigrant, and in “not belonging to the old place or the new place.” A fractured in-between place. “As a kid, when you’re displaced, you lose so much: language, traditions, and culture.” She further explains, “you seek assimilation as a kid, and either forget these things, or push them away.”
Tatiana explains that poetry is a catalyst for understanding herself and more broadly, for us to understand ourselves as humans. It’s about connecting the dots. Her family doesn’t speak about what transpired. But reading the history, it begins to make sense. “When you’re a kid, you’re focused on survival.” She reflects that she has been trying to compensate for certain things, and is now understanding how and why she is different. She realized, “the older I get, the more I feel it, my immigrant self emerging.” Her experience growing up in multiple countries has contributed to her identity formation, but she admits that she doesn’t have a space to talk about it. “I blend in, but still feel like an outsider. I am not of this culture, and I realize that I really have no home because my home is not a country.”
Tatiana is still trying to figure out what her writing is about, but articulates that writing is a process of not being able to say certain things in the beginning. It’s about writing through the memory and being able to see the things you need to see when you’re ready, peeling away each layer of experience. Approaching the writing process linearly, Tatiana began writing about early memories, then proceeded beyond to older memories, asking, for example, “why did I write about that nightmare I had when I was 4 years old?”
Originally trained as a wildlife biologist, Tatiana decided to change directions after spending time pursuing a Master’s degree. When she initially began the MFA program, she was shocked at the discussion of subjective ideas, which is so different from many areas of scientific discourse. In science, the focus is not so much on identity. But, she explains, “science and art are coming from the same place. It’s about observation, and understanding through observation.”
As a personal goal, Tatiana is working towards publishing a book. It has been something she has wanted to do for many years. “The hope is that a 15 year old immigrant kid in the library will read it and be able to relate to my story.”
Tatiana studies with Dr. Karen Holmberg and will be graduating this Spring. Tune in on Sunday, February 3rd at 7pm on KBVR 88.7 FM to hear more from Tatiana about her thesis work and experience as a graduate student at OSU. You can also stream the show or download our podcast on iTunes! |
From July 16, 2016: My inspiration comes from many people and places, but one that is quite memorable is the poet, Nikki Giovanni. I am fired up right now, because I got to hear her read at a luncheon today!
I love her smile here, and her lack of make-up or artifice. She is herself, at home and comfortable in her own skin. The first day I heard of her, I was not any of those things. I was 20 years old, unsure of myself, finding myself the only one of my peer group in college, and how I got in I wasn’t always sure; I certainly assumed for several years I would not be going. My self-esteem was hinging on some “boy” I was having some “sort of” relationship with while in college. I thought about it, and him, entirely too much. Should I keep it going? Should I forget it, tell him it wasn’t what I wanted or fulfilling me spiritually? Geesh. What a waste of time, mulling over such a wishy-washy situation. Had he wanted more, I probably wouldn’t have, so why wasn’t it that simple for me?
Fact is, I was in college, being challenged, and enjoying that greatly. I was working part-time, not always enjoying it, but I was paying bills, albeit barely. I was going home to an apartment that was partly mine and a roommate who, it turns out, was not as great a friend as I thought. I didn’t even always want to hang out with her. I was not a drunk or a partier, (maybe twice a month), but I was somehow just at an emotional low. Maybe I was short-changing myself? I wanted more emotional fulfillment. So, I had read something by Giovanni and then saw this quote from her, that somehow just really clicked with me; I even copied it down and put it somewhere safe to look at again and again. Here it is:
“There is always something to do. There are hungry people to feed, naked people to clothe, sick people to comfort and make well. And while I don’t expect you to save the world I do think it’s not asking too much for you to love those with whom you sleep, share the happiness of those whom you call friend, engage those among you who are visionary and remove from your life those who offer you depression, despair and disrespect.”
― Nikki Giovanni
I was wasting all this time with some college boy who didn’t even care if I thought about him, living in an apartment with a friend that was no longer a friend, and feeling unfulfilled. The only thing that fulfilled me at that time was diving into the Literature and texts I was assigned. Oh, and some of them really saddened me. There was Gothic Literature such as Mary Shelley. Existentialism. I really felt it all. But I survived. I moved back home with Mom for the remainder of college, continued working, and paid for a lot of my own college. I made time for other friends, and my college relationship pretty much ended when he went away to an out of town school. But Nikki’s words stuck with me. There is a world out there in need, why should I stay in here in my own head worrying about things, when I can go out there and make my world better? And look at all the energy we sometimes spend on an unhealthy or one-sided relationship, or even friendships that no longer serve us, when there is so much more to do?
You could say I live her advice. I suppose the last part of her quote is what I put to use back then, regarding who you should engage among you, and who you should remove. Lord knows, I had to practice it many times repeatedly over the course of my life. I also took a good amount of advice from the Bible, but how confusing that can be to a young person. Nikki’s quote on sick people, hungry people, those needing clothes, is also a reminder to someone like me who had all that I needed. I was getting an education, but it wasn’t making me happy and I felt so alone. I can say that got better. It is also true that I struggled with depression at times. I had to sometimes just do something good for another person in need. Sometimes I had to just get busy and get out of my head. Analyzing existentialism or the deeper meaning of Gothic Literature can be a gloomy subject. But it was very deeply satisfying when I could take a break and do a good thing, or have fun in the sunshine for a while. One day, I would like to be able to consider myself a successful writer. There is no amount of money or number of books I will assign to that. Giovanni herself said something like that today, about how money won’t fulfill you. You just need to have some of it to stay alive. It thrills me to say that Nikki Giovanni has influenced me. I’d like to put that on the back of a book one day!
And as for teaching, yes, like Nikki said, we need more black children to grow up, get educated, and go into space! We need them to become scientists, like Neil deGrasse Tyson. (Who, by the way, is really cool!) It is much needed for the equality of the races. Imagine, if I could turn the right student on to a book about space or time travel, and in turn, encourage him to explore space! Such an honor it would be. It gives me something to remember when I look at that sea of faces every August. They all have the potential.
Nikki also mentioned how our language is changing. (Look at the definition of marriage. Just recently it was decided by the Supreme Court that two women or two men can now marry). Think of the definition of equality; she mentioned how a black man and white woman could not have married 60 years ago. The world is changing and so is our language. We need to observe and we need to write about it. So I am writing right now. She said, “Everyone go out and buy a notebook to write in today.” I already have one. I thought it was lost, but it has turned up again! And I also have this space here for writing. So I am inspired again! Indeed, there is so much to do. Life is good! |
I’ve been observing the discourse in the mainstream and social media worlds about the ‘outing’ of the blogger Grog’s Gamut – the so-called #groggate. Craig Thomler has made an excellent aggregation of the various sources of comment.
There were two things that really irritated me recently:
- Firstly an article by Malcolm Gladwell in the New Yorker titled “Why the revolution will not be tweeted“, and
- Secondly an article by Geoff Elliott in The Australian titled “Twitter-led revolution reveals a character limit“.
These articles irritated me because they each conflated ideas that were not necessarily related – activism and social networks. And, in the case of Elliott’s article, he disingenuously used Gladwell’s arguments to continue the justification of The Australian’s recently declared war on bloggers and Twitter.
In my opinion Gladwell does his usual trick of lightweight commentary without bothering to delve into any level of depth or subtlety. This seems to be his stock in trade (and he writes entertainingly) so I tend to let it pass by.
But the value of Twitter in respect of creating loose ties than enable the development of deep, real life, and personal relationships cannot be underestimated. Twitter provides the regular interaction – much like at the water cooler in the office – that let’s us understand who we might want to get to know on a deeper level.
The ambient knowledge about people in your network that Twitter affords is invaluable. It assists us in transcending physical separation and allows us to stay in contact with friends without the need for physical co-location. Another great benefit with Twitter is the ease of making new connections with people who share common interests. The recent Social Innovation BarCamp in Sydney is a good example of an event that brought together many people with common interests – it was organised and publicised mainly via Twitter.
But Elliott notes “Malcolm Gladwell writes that social media is really activism-lite and a tool that makes participation in a cause more efficient: that is, through the click of a mouse one can make a donation to a cause or send a supportive tweet”. He then argues that because Greg Jericho (who we now know as the author of the blog Grog’s Gamut) was not entitled to privacy because he was merely a “commentator” and not a “whistleblower”.
— Jay Rosen(@jayrosen_nyu) October 3, 2010
Elliott then goes on to compare Jericho’s situation with that of famous activists like Martin Luther King or Steve Biko and to note that Jericho is “now even more popular, thanks to The Australian“. This comparison of Jericho to famous activists is spurious. He never claimed to be an activist. Jericho’s only claims were:
I’m a guy interested in sport, literature and politics. I have in turn wanted to be captain of the Australian cricket team, Olympic gold medalist, PM and Booker prize winner. Now I’ll just settle for blogger.
Thus no claim by Jericho to special privilege or “whistleblower” status. Just an ordinary citizen taking advantage of the freedom of speech afforded in Australia to share his opinions and insights.
And, as for action by the people in the Twitter-sphere in response to Jericho’s outing by The Australian, no physical action was meaningful or relevant to the situation.
What physical action was possible, reasonable or sensible in the recent #groggate case? No physical action would do anything for Jericho except to inflame the situation. There is no direct analogy between the Grog’s Gamut case and calls to action like those issued by Martin Luther King or Steve Biko. Twitter is not peopled entirely by complete idiots.
Using Twitter to organise a picket line at The Australian’s offices would have been foolhardy and would have made Jericho’s situation at work more difficult. No need to take up a collection for Jericho’s legal fund as The Australian did nothing illegal.
All we can do is express our dislike of the actions of the publication and the journalists involved and express our disapproval of their continued self-serving justifications. We can mourn the death of any notion of journalistic decency. We can feel sad that Australian mainstream news media is becoming as polarised and polemical as that in the US. And we can note that by their actions James Massola and his colleagues have done a huge disservice to freedom of speech in Australia, especially for public servants. The use of pseudonyms has been an important part of free speech for a very long time. Pseudonyms proliferate in the mainstream news media – so why are they unacceptable from a blogger?
This whole affair does make me seriously question the journalists – what are their positions on political, social and religious matters. I want to know more about their backgrounds. What are their political and religious affiliations? And what about these mysterious people called Editors? Who are they, what do they stand for? Perhaps they’ve unwittingly raised the issue? But we need transparency from journalists as well as bloggers. It’s time for journalists to come clean about their personal viewpoints and perspectives, no more pretending to present facts in an objective and disinterested way. We need to admit that there is no such as as unbiased reporting and embrace transparency for journalists too.
As for activism, we are seeing real action happen as the result of social networks. GetUp! is a good local example of this. Say what you like, but raising enough money to put ads up on prime time TV via social media channels counts as real action, as does winning a High Court action regarding the enrolment of voters.
Many other NGOs are also working out how they can embrace the new media. It’s a pity the old media folks are so busy fighting a rearguard action to save the past that it seems they cannot consider the future in a positive way. |
Last Updated on 01/30/2021 by Desmond
Since Starbucks promoted white tea bags and related drink-products, white tea getting known by more and more people. Many tea lovers tasted them and feel disappointed, and they said it’s very far from the authentic white tea flavor. What is authentic white tea? And what is it different from green or black tea? Let’s understand this charming leaf from China thoroughly.
Tea originated in China, green tea is recognized as the earliest tea. Even though white tea in the record appears later, some people thought that white tea might be the earliest one due to its processing method.
White tea got the most simple processing in all types of teas, and this is the standard to distinguish it from other teas; It only been through withering and drying. When humans found tea initially, they would not process the leaves in a complicated way like nowadays. Most probably, they just to have it by a chew or cooking way. In this situation, leaves have only been lightly oxidated, just the same as white tea processing.
According to the literature review, modern white tea was born in the reign of Emperor Qianlong 37 to 47 of the Qing Dynasty(1772-1782) found by a tea master named Xiao. Fujian is the birthplace and still be tea primary producing region of white tea now. In the most beginning, the tea master produced white tea from the leaves of Xiaobai variety Camellia Sinensis. Later they found that the leaves from Dabai and Narcissus variety are better, which became the primary source leaves of white tea now.
Dabai Tea trees’ buds and the back of leaves are full of tiny white fuzz, which are the primary source of white tea flavor. People called these fuzz Hao and the aroma after brewed as Hao Aroma. These Hao are rich in amino acids, let white tea got a fresh mouthfeel and lightly sweet taste.
Related Reading: What Is The Fuzz On White Tea.
White tea hasn’t been fixation and rolling steps during processing(they will break the leaves physically), so almost all the fuzz are retained. That also makes white tea leaves look like cover with a layer of snow, which is how the name comes.
Although the processing degree is low, white tea hasn’t stopped oxidizing by fixating like green tea. During the storage, white tea can also keep on fermenting and get a new better flavor by transforming the internal ingredients. Typically, people call this process aging. White tea that has been aging over 3 years is also called aged white tea.
Traditional white tea produced in Fujian, China; Fuding and Zhenghe are both the primary regions. These two places are close, but the different environment makes a different flavor of white tea.
Except for Fuding and Zhenghe, Yunnan, India, and Sri Lanka also produce white tea. But their flavor is much different from the traditional one because they are from another Camellia Sinensis variety. Many white tea lovers do not admit they are authentic.
Fuding. It is located in the east-north of Fujian, in front of the mountain, and faces the sea, mild climate. The tea plantations are mostly built at 500-100 meters altitude high. White tea produced from Fuding has a thin and long bud, full of fuzz, show a grey-green.
Zhenghe. It is located in the north of Fujian, most of it is hilly, the tea plantations are built at 400-1300 meters altitude high. Although it doesn’t as famous as Fuding, the high-land white tea produced from the mountain over 1000 meters high got a top-grade flavor. Zhenghe white tea’s bud is fat and flat, full of fuzz, and whiter.
Yunnan. Yunnan primarily produces Pu-erh tea; the local tea masters also produce moonlight white tea with the leaves from the large-leaf tea tree. This type of white tea got a strong flavor, shows a black-white strange look.
India and Sri Lanka. The white tea produced in India and Sri Lanka is also made from the large-leaf type tea tree. Thanks to the higher altitude cultivate environment, and they got a much stronger flavor. But white tea is not the primary product here(black tea is), so the yield is low and with a high price.
White tea got the lowest processing degree in all types of teas, only has been withering and drying; that makes most of the natural ingredients in the leaves are retained. Even though the job is less, every step during processing should take much care; it’s a challenging test for the tea masters.
Typically, tea masters will grade the leaves’ quality according to the picking time and the part they grew on the branch, then further process in different types of white teas.
- Baihao Yinzhen(Silver Needle Tea.) Only made from the tenderest buds in the year;
- White Peony(Bai Mu Dan.) Made with one bud and the first or to the second leaf;
- Shou Mei(Gong Mei.) Made with the one bud and to the fourth or to the fifth leaf;
Spring is the best season for tea picking. Tea farmers will pick the tenderest buds before Qing Ming(a Chinese Solar Term, 4th April) to produce into Baihao Yinzhen. The time is short, only about a dozen days.
Then the tea farmers will pick again before Guyu(a Chinese Solar Term, 20th April.) At this time, most of the buds have grown into the first leaf or the second; the new buds also grow again. Tea farmers will pick them all and for producing white peony tea.
And the following seasons, the leaves on tea plants have matured. They are for producing Shoumei tea.
Due to the time for picking is very limited, the white tea year yield is low—especially the high-quality spring white tea, they usually got a high price.
During picking, tea farmers need to take it very carefully. Once the leaves break, it will let the fermented speed up(in oolong tea processing, tea masters will do that deliberately) and affect the next picking.
After picking, the leaves will be placed on a big bamboo sieve for the withering job. Withering is for letting the leaves get a certain extend fermented and reduce the water content down to about 25%. Besides, withering also can remove the grassy smell.
Withering will cost about 2 or 3 days. Traditionally, white tea will be withering outdoor, which is called sun-drying, and it’s hard. Senior tea masters have to do some related operates in time according to the weather and the fermented degree, avoiding the leaves damp by rain or fermenting too deep.
Nowadays, white tea typically is withering indoor. The temperature in the withering workshop will be controlled at about 22-27℃, 67-75% humidity. Compare with sun-drying, withering indoor will not be affected by the weather, got a larger yield, and cost much less time. Different withering ways will also make different white tea flavor; some tea factories even wither the leaves in both ways.
After withering, tea masters will dry the leaves with a machine, further reduce their water content. The standard stipulates the white tea water content must under 8.5%. In fact, most of the time it will be much lower, about 5%. These rough tea will be sent to further processing like screen, blend, compress, and package.
White Tea Nutrition Ingredients
Simple processing makes white tea much close to the original natural state and retains more natural nutrition ingredients. Including:
Tea polyphenol is the generic term of the tea leaves’ polyphenols, also the primary source of tea benefits. Tea polyphenols will transform into other nutrition ingredients during the leaves’ fermenting. The deeper it ferment, the darker color it gets, and the more polyphenols transform.
The total amount of tea polyphenols in tea mainly depend on which part the leaves pick. White tea typically made from tea tenderest buds and leaves, plus the low-degree processing, makes it contains more tea polyphenols than others, just second to the non-fermented green tea.
Related Reading: What Are Tea Polyphenols & 8 Excellent Benefits.
White tea is true tea, so it contains caffeine natively. The tenderer the part of the tea tree, the more caffeine it contains. White tea is primarily made from tender leaves, exclude other factors, it got more caffeine than other teas.
During withering, by enhancing enzymatic activity, the protein in leaves will be hydrolyzed, transforming into amino acid. That brings a full fresh taste and sweetness.
In the middle and later periods of withering, most polyphenols in leaves redox and lost the balance, ortho quinone will increase. It will take a synergistic effect with amino acids to create the white tea flavor and aroma.
Tea polysaccharide belongs to a kind of acidic proteins, a compound of saccharides, pectin, and proteins, and combined with lots of mineral elements. It’s a great nutrient of white tea, with excellent help on manage diabetes. Besides, most tea polysaccharides are contained in the tea stems, so the old leaves and aged white tea have more.
The flavonoids in white tea are the part of tea polyphenols, mainly are catechins and tea pigment, which affect the infusion color and benefits.
During white tea storage, some polyphenols will be transformed into flavonoids. So the aged white tea contains more than the new one. The longer it be stored, the more flavonoids and benefits it will get.
White tea has the lowest processing degree; vitamins and carotene, which are easily broken by heat, are retained. Include vitamin C, B1, B2, B11, E, and K. These vitamins can supplement the lack of vitamins in the diet and have various health benefits on the human body.
What Is White Tea Good For
Tea is a recognized health drink. And, white tea is the closest to the original state, consistent with the healthy idea that modern people advocate a natural diet. According to researches, put white tea in your daily diet can get the following benefits:
White tea contains fluoride and tea polyphenols. Fluoride can protect the teeth effectively and inhibits dental plaque. Tea polyphenols have an excellent anti-inflammatory ability, reduce the rate of getting an oral inflammation. Now many oral care products like toothpaste and mouthwash also take the white tea extract as one ingredient.
Reduce Blood Pressure
The flavonoids, caffeine, and vitamins are richly contained in white tea. Under their synergistic effect, the blood’s cholesterol concentration will be reduced, and the lipid accumulates less on the vascular wall. That dilated the blood vessels and makes the blood flow more smoothly, thus reach a normal and stable blood pressure, which is helpful to Hypertension treatment.
Protect Your Heart
Cardiovascular disease(CVD) is mostly caused because of inflammation and atherosis. Tea polyphenols in white tea have anti-inflammation and antioxidant effects, effectively reducing myocarditis and myocardial infarction.
Many studies show that a man who has a long-term tea diet got a much lower rate of getting CVD. Besides, having tea also helps with weight loss; it favors reducing the CVD risk.
Tea polysaccharides play an important role in diabetes management. Studies showed that tea polyphenols could inhibit amylase and sucrase activity, thereby preventing the blood sugar from increasing. Tea polysaccharides can enhance insulin secretion, help fix blood sugar metabolism disturbance, and reduce its content in the blood.
White tea is rich in tea polysaccharides, especially the aged ones. Many Chinese patients also took white tea as an assist in the diabetes treatment.
Scientists keep studying tea’s anti-cancer effect all the time. The rich tea polyphenols in white tea have a significant antioxidant ability, removing the excessive free-radicals in the body, thereby inhibiting abnormal cell proliferation and canceration.
Although it can’t prove that tea can cure cancer, many studies showed that tea helps prevent cancer and adjuvant therapy; it got a promising potential.
The catechins in white tea also a kind of tea polyphenols, an awesome natural antioxidant. It can fix the oxidative damage of skin caused by external influence(like UV) and reduce the risk of inflammation. Through enhancing the skin cells’ activity to slow the aging speed and remove the winkle. Many skin-care products also take white tea extract as the main ingredients.
As we age, the bone substance will get lost gradually and lead to osteoporosis. Studies showed that catechin could prevent this situation, promote bone cell growth, and inhibit osteoclasts’ formation. The rich minerals in white tea also can help supplement the lost bone substance.
White tea also got an awesome weight loss benefit. Studies showed that under the catechin and caffeine synergistic can effectively burn fat. Caffeine also can stimulate the intestines and stomach, promote gastric juice secretion and help digestion.
Besides, the flavonoids in white tea can improve cholesterol metabolism, lower their content in the blood, and reduce lipid accumulation in the body.
Potential Side Effects
For the caffeine reason, white tea inevitably has some side effects; the most common is insomnia.
USDA and EFSA both define the safe caffeine intake per day as less than 400 mg, single time intake not more than 200 mg. Even though most tea products will note the caffeine content on the package, in fact, many factors influence the caffeine in your cup; you can know more about that here.
Except for avoiding having white tea before bed, pregnant women and people who during medications also not recommended having it.
White Tea Types
Baihao Yinzhen is regarded as the highest grade white tea because it is only made from the tenderest buds. The buds are full of tiny white fuzz that makes it look like silver needles. One interesting thing is when you brew it with a glass cup, and these buds will suspend standing in the water, like a beautiful picture.
It got a flower name, but it is not a herbal tea but white tea. Compare with Baihao Yinzhen, white peony tea also has one or two leaves with the bud, sometimes with stems. The flavor of white peony tea typically stronger and with a rich floral aroma.
Shoumei tea is made from the leaves picking later than the white peony tea, one bud with the fourth or the fifth leaf, and little more stems. Many of the times, Shoumei tea is regarded as the lowest grade, but it’s not right. Every type of white tea got its own flavor; the maturer taste of Shoumei may be more suitable for some people. And due to the larger yield, it got a reasonable price and usually is regarded as the best entry-level white tea.
Moonlight white tea is made from the Yunnan large-leaf type Camellia Sinensis. Its leaf’ backside is covered by the white fuzz, the white-black looks like the moon in the night. Even though it has been through the same processing as white tea, the moonlight white tea flavor is totally different from the traditional ones. So tea lovers always arguing whether it belongs to white tea.
Just like dark tea, white tea can also get a new better flavor by long-term storage, so-called aging.
There is a large difference between aged white tea and the fresh one on the aroma, mouthfeel, and even benefits. Because the nutrients and aromatic substance in white tea will be transformed. The longer it is stored, the more the unique nutrients of aged white tea it gets. After years-long aging, the aged white tea will be at an unbelievable price and get a collection value like dark tea.
But the white tea aging way is largely different from the dark tea. Take Anhua Dark Tea as an example; its aging very relies on the microorganisms’ help, so during storage, it needs enough air circulation to keep the microorganisms alive. And white tea’s aging is more from the transformation of the internal ingredients, and a sealed environment will be more suitable.
Most of the white teas are sold in a compressed tea style. Compare with the loose-leaf, tea cakes will be more convenient on storage because the surface area is less to absorb the water in the air. Before aging white tea, you should check the water content of it first. Take some leaves and pinch them with your fingers; they will be broke into powder if dry enough. If just be curly but not break, that may mean it is not dry enough or already be damped and no longer fit for long-time storage.
The white tea storage method is simple. Several points need to pay attention to on the environment; it needs to be dark, dry enough(lower 45% air humidity,) and cool(lower than 25℃.)
There are some white tea products with a small individual package. You just need to pack it with a non-smell cardboard box, then put it in a proper place. And, to the loose-leaf or tea cakes, you should pack them with a non-smell aluminum foil sealed bag, then to the cardboard box; it’s better to seal the box with tape later.
Some people may store the white tea in a fridge directly; it’s a bad idea. The dry leaves can easily absorb the water from the air and the smell from other food in the fridge. It will be a huge side effect to the white tea flavor; even let it go bad.
How To Make White Tea
White tea should be brewed according to the specific type. When we are making other types of tea, we usually pour the first brewed away as wastewater. But to white tea, its flavor mostly from the fuzz on leaves, especially the tender buds like Baihao Yinzhen, which is full of fuzz. So when we are going to make the new white tea, to pour away the first brewed looks like a little waste.
And to the aged white tea, most of the fuzz on leaves had fallen; if you mind the sanitation problem, you can pour the first brewed away.
The new white tea can be brewed directly in an ordinary way:
- Pre-heat the teawares. Glass teaware and porcelains are fit for white tea;
- Take moderate leaves, put them into a Gaiwan;
- Add 80-90℃ water in, cover, and steep for about 10 seconds;
- Pour the infusion into a fair cup to equal the concentration;
To the aged white tea, cooking will be a better brewing way:
- Prepare a teapot that can be heated directly, like the cast iron one;
- Add water to 3/5, heating;
- Put the leaves in before the water going to boil, cooking for about 2 minutes;
- Serve the infusion into the teacups, but not to pour all it out;
- Refill water, heat to boiling again. Take 1 more minute on every round;
- To the new white tea, after you brewed it 3 times,
- you can also transfer it from the Gaiwan to the teapot for cooking; |
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The Robbing of Graves for the Education of Physicians in Early Nineteenth Century America
About the Book
Also called “resurrectionists,” body snatchers, were careful not to take anything from the grave but the body—stealing only the corpse was not considered a felony since the courts had already said that a dead body had no owner. (“Burking”—i.e., murder—was the alternative method of supplying “stiffs” to medical schools; it is covered here as well).
This book recounts the practice of grave robbing for the medical education of American medical students and physicians during the late 1700s and 1800s in the US, why body snatching came about and how disinterment was done, and presents information on: efforts to prevent the practice, a group of professional grave robbers, and the European experience.
About the Author(s)
Suzanne M. Shultz
Format: softcover (6 x 9)
Bibliographic Info: photos, appendices, bibliography, index
Copyright Date: 2005
Table of Contents
The Horrors of Dissection 1
Post Mortems and Anatomies in the Colonies 9
Dissection for Education 14
Resurrection of the Dead 26
American Professionals 59
The Coming of the Anatomy Acts 78
The Decline of the Body Snatchers 90
Popular Literature 95
Appendix A: “History of the Anatomy Act of Pennsylvania,” by William Smith Forbes, M.D., 1867 111
Appendix B: Reports of Societies from the Cincinnati Lancet and Clinic, The Academy of Medicine on the Anatomy Act 117
Annotated Bibliography 119
Book Reviews & Awards
“exciting, fascinating…unique”—SirReadaLot.org; “explains why the practice existed, how disinterment of corpses was accomplished and who committed these acts”—Reference & Research Book News. |
The time he spent on the campus had a massive impact on his life. Human Relations, 60 9 The famous image above was most likely photographed using the actual cavalry in a re-enactment one or two days after the extraordinarily brave charge on horseback against the Ottoman machine guns of Beersheba.
Consequently, the young indigenous activists became exposed to the latest developments in racial politics in America, and were provided by Black GI's with some of the latest in African-American political literature and music.
On 22nd July the Sydney Morning Herald reported that British anti-apartheid activist Peter Hain today a Minister in the British Government had called for 'immediate international action' to 'put pressure on the Australian government to improve the Aborigines status in society'.
True or False activity sheet. The official history of the Victorian Aborigines Advancement League states that the Aboriginal Embassy and the Black Power era 'marked the entrenchment of a new and uncompromising stance in Aboriginal politics where any reversion to paternalistic white direction of Aboriginal affairs would not be acceptable.
Confronted by discrimination and the oppressive actions of government, First Nations showed tenacity, courage and perseverance. In July the Aboriginal Medical Service of Redfern opened its doors and gave life to the political philosophies of the Black Power movement. His family decided to have his body reburied on Murray Island.
Mabo was very shocked about this when they told him. He was an activist in the Referendum campaign and helped found the Townsville Aboriginal and Islander Health Service.
Two weeks later when Embassy based indigenous demonstrators invaded the public gallery during question time, the Age's correspondent, Michelle Grattan noted that 'It was an occasion for stressing "blackness"' because the protestors were 'making a symbolic stand against all the injustices they felt at the hands of white society'.
Only the most prominent, or of great distinction, or the "first" within a field are listed above. The shaded sections of text in the following pages are extracts from the Uluru Statement from the Heart. No building ever erected. Newton's response to the Oakland situation had been to research California law and ascertain that it was legal for citizens to carry firearms as long as the weapons were not concealed.
Goodall describes these as 'diverse groupings of young people who sometimes called themselves "New Left", but who might just as well associate themselves in Australia with the anarchist, libertarian traditions'. Through the activism of our leaders we have achieved some hard-won gains and recovered control over some of our lands.
Sekai is a Zimbabwean woman who had a profound impact on the AAM in Australia and who had been instrumental in AAM members being encouraged to take more notice of the indigenous Australian struggle.
To comprehend the conduct and qualities of a leader, one needs to take a look at their basic attributes. Essay This essay has been submitted by a student. University of Otago Press,p. After many years of fighting for his rights it started to take a strain on him and it affected his health. As stated earlier, many historians and commentators dismiss or denigrate the effect Black Power had on Aboriginal Australia.
Black Power was a political movement that emerged among African-Americans in the United States in the mids. Neville and many children including Gladys Gilligan and many others. Kalgoorlie Hebrew Congregation formed For the first time Aboriginal people were being represented in Sydney courts and were defending charges bought against them by Police.
While Eddie was growing up he was educated about his family life and land from his relatives, but at that time life was regulated by the Queensland Government. He could not go home. In a letter to the Australian Perkins bemoaned, 'I really thought that white people in this country had come closer together in the past ten years.
Consequently, any person from any gathering, at any one time, may expect an initiative part, given any level of natural qualities and the circumstances encompassing the occasion. Welcome.
The Australian Embassy in Vienna and Permanent Mission to the UN is accredited to Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Kosovo, Slovakia, Slovenia, and. Past programs by date. Panellists: Norman Doidge, Psychiatrist and Author of The Brain’s Way of Healing; Caitlin Doughty, Mortician and Author of Smoke Gets in Your Eyes: And Other Lessons from.
Content in externally sourced articles is not necessarily the opinion of the Sovereign Union and is included for reference and general information purposes only.
The Mabo decision was named after Eddie Mabo, the man who challenged the Australian legal system and fought for recognition of the rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the traditional owners of their land.
Redfern Community Centre Friday Night Speakers. Speech by Tom Calma, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner, 1 April Opening statement to the Senate Select Committee on the Administration of Indigenous Affairs By Mr Tom Calma, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.
Mabo’s love for his homeland drove the proud Torres Strait Islander to undertake a year legal battle that rewrote Australia’s history.
InEddie Mabo made a speech at James Cook University in Queensland, where he explained his people’s beliefs about the ownership and inheritance of land on Mer.Eddie mabo speech |
Continuing Thomas Brodie’s Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus: Memoir of a Discovery
This post follows on from my earlier one on Chapter 8 where Brodie is beginning to appreciate the nature of the literary artistry of the biblical books.
The Third Revolution Deepens: 1992-1995
If a Jesus narrative were based on the Elijah-Elisha story (see “That Is An Important Thesis“) one had to ask why. Would not the story of Moses or David have been more appropriate as a model? This question perplexed Brodie until his further studies on Genesis opened up a new awareness of the nature of the biblical literature. But let’s digress a moment to consider an objection that has on some theologian’s blogsites recently been flung at Brodie’s arguments since he has claimed they lead to a “mythicist” conclusion.
Parallelomania: the facts
“Parallelomania” has once again been flung as a dismissive epithet by a number of theologians and religion scholars at Christ myth arguments in general and Thomas Brodie’s arguments in particular, so it is worth taking a moment to revisit the article that introduced the notorious notion of “Parallelomania”. It can be read on this Vridar.org page; I have taken excerpts from it in the following discussion.
I don’t think James McGrath has ever had the time to read that article that he invites others to read. If he had, he would know that its author (Samuel Sandmel) points out that by “parallelomania” he means plucking passages from the vast array of, say, rabbinical literature or from a work of Philo’s out of their broader contexts and using them (thus decontextualized) to claim they have some direct relevance to similar-sounding passages in the New Testament. That is not what Brodie is doing. Sandmel even explains that the sort of detailed analysis done by Brodie to explore questions of literary indebtedness is indeed justified and is not to be confused with something else that he is addressing.
The key word in my essay is extravagance. I am not denying that literary parallels and literary influence, in the form of source and derivation, exist. I am not seeking to discourage the study of these parallels, but, especially in the case of the Qumran documents, to encourage them. . . . .
An important consideration is the difference between an abstract position on the one hand and the specific application on the other. . . . . it is in the detailed study rather than in the abstract statement that there can emerge persuasive bases for judgment. . . . . The issue for the student is not the abstraction but the specific. Detailed study is the criterion, and the detailed study ought to respect the context and not be limited to juxtaposing mere excerpts. Two passages may sound the same in splendid isolation from their context, but when seen in context reflect difference rather than similarity.
Note the problem with taking excerpts from a corpus of literature and using them as parallels with something else. This results in
confusing a scrutiny of excerpts with a genuine comprehension of the tone, texture, and import of a literature.
In Brodie’s analyses, on the other hand, it is as much the tone, texture, and import of the respective documents that are being analysed as the individual words and phrases.
One of the greatest sins of “parallelomania” is
the excessive piling up of . . . passages. Nowhere else in scholarly literature is quantity so confused for quality . . . . The mere abundance of so-called parallels is its own distortion . . . .
I recently posted chapter 7 of Brodie’s book to demonstrate that Brodie does not make his case by a mere piling up of matching words or ideas. The structure, the theme, the context, the motivation — these are all part of Brodie’s argument.
Finally, the crowning sin of parallelomania is one that I not too long ago identified in the work of historian Michael Grant about Jesus. I’ll first quote Sandmel:
On the one hand, they quote the rabbinic literature endlessly to clarify the NT. Yet even where Jesus and the rabbis seem to say identically the same thing, Strack-Billerbeck manage to demonstrate that what Jesus said was finer and better. . . . . Why, I must ask, pile up the alleged parallels, if the end result is to show a forced, artificial, and untenable distinction even within the admitted parallels?
Grant followed many theologians who insist that though the golden rule was known in some form among the rabbis (and in other civilizations), Jesus expressed it better than anyone else.
Sandmel’s article on “parallelomania” is actually an endorsement of the sort of work being done by scholars who work seriously on literary analysis of texts and a warning against the sins found too often among the mainstream scholars. Unfortunately some theologians, McGrath included in his Burial of Jesus, are on record as saying that literary analysis has no place in the work of historical inquiry. On the contrary, without literary analysis the historian has no way of knowing how to interpret literary documents.
It is that very detailed study that Sandmel said is necessary, and the study of the context, both immediate context and the wider cultural context of literary practices of the day, that Brodie is undertaking. He is not plucking passages out of context from disparate sources and making an abstract claim that they can be read as a “parallel” to, and by implication source of, what we read in the gospels. (Such “extravagance” is the characteristic fault of “astrotheology”, but not of the scholarly work of Brodie and MacDonald.)
This is not the same as saying that MacDonald’s and Brodie’s arguments are necessarily correct. They still need to be studied and engaged with. There may be alternative explanations for some of the data they have addressed and believe points to literary borrowing. But it is not particularly scholarly to simply reject an argument one does not like by dismissing it with a pejorative label. |
Purpose: To describe the abdominal imaging findings of patients with gastrointestinal Basidiobolus ranarum infection.
Methods: A literature search was performed to compile the abdominal imaging findings of all reported worldwide cases of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB). In addition, a retrospective review at our institution was performed to identify GIB cases that had imaging findings. A radiologist aware of the diagnosis reviewed the imaging findings in detail. Additional information was obtained from the medical records.
Results: A total of 73 GIB cases have been published in the medical literature. The most common abdominal imaging findings were masses in the colon, the liver, or multiple sites and bowel wall thickening. Initially, many patients were considered to have either a neoplasm or Crohn disease. We identified 7 proven cases of GIB at our institution, of which 4 had imaging studies (4 computed tomography [CT] examinations, 4 abdominal radiographs, and an upper gastrointestinal study). Imaging studies showed abnormalities in all 4 cases. Three-fourths of our study patients had an abdominal mass at CT. Two of 3 masses involved the kidneys and included urinary obstruction. All masses showed an inflammatory component with adjacent soft tissue stranding, with or without abscess formation.
Conclusions: Radiologists should consider GIB when a patient from an arid climate presents with abdominal pain, weight loss, and an inflammatory abdominal mass on CT. Abdominal masses of the colon or liver, bowel wall thickening, and abscesses are the most common imaging findings.
- Fungal infection
- Gastrointestinal infection
- Tumor simulator
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging |
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With an impressive history of policy related development regarding small scale industry in post-independence India, SMEs dominate the industrial scenario by its contribution to job creation and income and fight against regional disparities. Given the imperatives of globalization, although in some sectors, a strong outward orientation can be observed even in the early 1980s, it was in 1991 that a small business policy in India has been strongly pursued a policy which stresses the importance of the internationalization of trade and interdependence in the field of innovation activities, training, marketing and business strategies. Small scale industry continues to contribute immensely to the creation of jobs for any large-scale space, and in the process, reducing inter-regional differences in urban and rural growth. Extremely wide range of products manufactured in this sector, often at reasonable prices, served successfully calibrated still a huge market. Some agricultural products are constantly appearing in the export basket in recent decades, although the export performance in the world market has been spectacular.
After making at least four decades of industrialization controlled – the protection of infant industries and support the strategy of import substitution – in 1991, as part of the official announcement of economic reforms in India’s economy is still protected sector of small businesses started to cope with the imperatives of globalization. The emphasis on outward orientation, competitiveness and collaboration with institutions within and outside the industry and the nation seems to be the basis for the paradigm of the current policy; the policy framework confirms the recent marked change in focus. In the light of these suppositions , the rationale of the proposed research is to study the role and contribution of small scale industries towards the development of Indian economy, with focus on the question as whether their potential undermined or exaggerated.
Several countries have recognized the importance of SMEs, as well as to formulate policies to encourage, support and fund it. The advantages of small and medium-sized businesses in the economy of a country is easily visible, they include: contribution to the economy in terms of creating new jobs, skilled and unskilled workers, as well as developing and adapting appropriate technological approaches. Promoting SMEs have been one of the best strategies for achieving economic development (Kaz and van der Heijden, 2006; Hallberg, 2000). Business attitudes to their employees are also considered a core competence the firm, employees have greater value to the organization and their contributions could improve the quality of decision-making firm (Kaz and van der Heijden, 2006). Effective decision-making process is therefore an important element in the development of competitive products, growth and survival over time (Carneiro, 2000; McDonough and Griffith, 2000). If the employer allows his or her management team to contribute to the process of creating a road map of companies and operational strategies, it will inevitably lead to more growth-oriented company.
Small and medium industry plays an increasingly important role in the process of creating new jobs in the world, especially in developing countries; the contribution of SMEs to economic growth of nations is well recognized. SMEs are defined differently in different parts of the world. Some define them in terms of assets, while others use employment, shareholder funds or sale as criteria. Some others use a combination of income and employment, and a hybrid criterion. In developing countries, as some authors claim (Leutkenhorst, 2004) the contribution of SMEs towards the creation of jobs is significant, because they tend to use more labor-intensive production processes than large enterprises, increase employment and lead to more equitable income distribution, to provide livelihood opportunities through a simple, value-added activities in the processing of agricultural economy, promote entrepreneurship and train to create a system of productive capacity and create sustainable economic systems, by establishing linkages between small and large enterprises. In most developing countries, SMEs use the highest percentage of working-age population. In some African countries, micro and small enterprises are using twice as many people, large listed companies. In addition, SME employment, especially in the informal sector tends to increase and employment in medium and large enterprises, as well as in the public sector is reduced. In 9 out of 12 countries in Latin America, the proportion of persons employed in micro and small enterprises has increased during the period 1990-1991, and 2000 (Davis et al, 2002). Job creation in SMEs sometimes especially the poor, because such enterprises, employment and income in regions and sectors of the economy, where most poor people live and where there are few other employment opportunities exist. For example, non-agricultural activities (which are mostly micro and small enterprises) are currently providing 42, 40 and 32 percent of rural household incomes in Africa, Latin America and Asia, respectively, and have a tendency to increase (Davis et al, 2002). Rural SMEs, therefore, contribute to a more decentralized model of industrial development. In addition, SMEs are important employers, especially for populations who face difficulties in securing employment in the formal labor market. Getting the benefits of the program and policy development for small and medium-sized businesses through the law should pay off well, given the much stronger influence SMEs can have on aggregate productivity and create jobs, compared with the micro (Leutkenhorst, 2004). Indeed, in such areas as politics of small business lending, trade credit policy, management training, as well as sector specific technical assistance programs is ripe for an accurate assessment were identified.
Small-scale industrial average is all the more urgent role in the process of export-led industrialization in the world, especially in the developing world. SMEs are the largest group of industrial enterprises in most developing countries and will contribute significantly to the production to industrial production and employment (Katsikeas and Morgan, 1994). Globalization has resulted in many changes, such as increased access to the global market, which allowed countries to accelerate economic growth and poverty reduction. Today in the role of SMEs in economic development and intra-regional trade and investment is to attract the attention of politicians across the region (Mohamad, 2005). Exports have become great opportunities for the SMEs themselves to expand their businesses, as well as in some way contribute to our economic growth. With the increasing trend towards globalization in the arena of the market and competition for businesses has grown from domestic markets to international markets. Nevertheless, the situation of SMEs as an important player in the world market is now widely recognized. Ibeh (2004) documented that the SME share in exports of manufactures in the world, 25-35 percent, and their contribution to GDP is 4.6 per cent and 12 per cent in OECD countries (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) and countries in Asia respectively. Not all SMEs involved in exporting and not all SME exporters stand on an equal level of success. Various researchers have investigated how companies perform in exports has identified many determinants of export performance (Ibeh, 2004; and Babakus and Yavas, 2006). Previous studies have also shown that there is a positive relationship between entrepreneurship and export performance. For example, positive relationships were found between export performance and technological innovation, management attitude to risk, and aggressive. More recent studies have also reported a positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and export, although moderated by contextual variables, such as organizational and environmental factors. Kazem and van der Heijden, (2006) argued that ownership of the firm, regardless of their size or structure, characterized by a specific business orientation, some of the decisions of style, as well as a number of operational strategies.
The aim of the proposed research is to study the role and contribution of small scale industries towards the development of Indian economy, with focus on the question as whether their potential undermined or exaggerated. The research will have task of accomplishing following objectives:
To conduct a literature review on the role and contribution of small scale industries towards the development of economy in relation to employment generation and export growth
To conduct field study to study the role and contribution of small scale industries towards the development of Indian economy in relation to employment generation and export growth
The design of a research concerns to deciding about research approach and method (Saunders et al, 2003). Therefore, deciding about design for this research requires examining the available research approaches and methods and therefore choosing the suitable for conducting the research.
The approach of a research can be deductive or inductive (Saunders et al, 2003). A research conducted with deductive approach relates to undertaking scientific research, where hypotheses are testes and further theories are developed through experiments or fields study. On the other hand, a research conducted with deductive approach relates to exploring the underlying facts regarding a situation though field study based on the assumptions of previous studies. The purpose of the proposed research is to study the role of small scale industries in Indian economy, which appears exploring facts about a phenomenon. Therefore, the proposed research will be conducted inductive research approach.
Research method can be qualitative or quantitative or both (Saunders et al, 2003). For the proposed research both qualitative and quanititative research methods will be applied for conducting a comparatively more insightful inductive research. Qualititative research will be conducted through interviews and quantitative research will be conducted through questionnaire survey.
Secondary data will be used in the proposed research for preparing foundation of collecting primary data (Sekaran, 2003). The principal purpose of collecting secondary data in the proposed research will be reviewing the past strudies regarding the research subject and the quantitative data available in the context of India. The various sources of secondary data will be as following: journals, newspapers, governmental and non-governmental reports.
Primary data in the proposed research will be virtual as these data will answer the research questions. The primary data collection sources will be used in the forms of interviews and questionnaire based survey. The interviews will be conducted on the level experts in Indian economy, and questionnaire survey will be conducted on SMEs in India.
For both interviews and questionnaire survey, simply decision will be an important process. The choice of sampling can be either probability or non-probability(Sekaran, 2003). In probability sampling, there is certainly about the target population, whereas in non-probability sampling, there is uncertainly about the target sample. For both interviews and questionnaire survey there is no certainly about target sample, therefore non-probability sampling will be used.
Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis will be applied in the proposed research. In qualitative data analysis, content analysis tool (Saunders et al, 2003) will be used; whereas in quantitative data analysis SPSS Software will be used. The central purpose of the data analysis will be to answer the developed research question.
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The first full-fledged application of the sacrificial model to fiction from the Middle Ages to the modern era."Bandera's impressive and erudite book is situated within the broad research program opened up by Ren¯ Girard's anthropological insights. Working against the background of some of Girard's basic assumptions about violence, victimization, and the sacred, Bandera takes up some of the outstanding problems and issues that have been left unresolved by Girard himself and by the various scholars who have been inspired by different facets of Girard's work."--Paisley Livingston, McGill University"This is a superb book, one of the best I've read that deal with fundamental issues in Western culture and literature. Its subtitle indicates a thesis concerning the role of the sacred in modern literary fiction, but as large as that topic is, I think the implications of the book go far beyond that."--James G. Williams, Syracuse UniversityCes'reo Bandera contends that we badly misjudge our own historical situation if we believe that the sacred is something that can be left behind or ignored as utterly irrelevant. The Sacred Game argues that the sacred is all around us and its most characteristic manifestation is precisely the "allergic" reaction and subsequent barrier it produces in our "secular" sensitivity as soon as we come in contact with it.The Sacred Game examines the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern era from a Girardian perspective. It brings light to the weakening of the traditional association of literature with the sacred and its far-reaching consequences, and it studies the logic that governs the emergence of the most characteristic forms of modern fiction, the modern novel and the modern theater. Bandera emphasizes the unprecendented character of what happened to literary fiction during this transition. While the historical facts of the period are well known, Bandera presents them in a new light. The result is a new theory of literary fiction that challenges certain well-established approaches, in particular the nineteenth-century liberal romantic and Marxist approaches.Bandera, Cesareo is the author of 'Sacred Game' with ISBN 9780271026046 and ISBN 0271026049. |
First published: Ernest Benn, 1927 (UK); Little Brown, 1927 (US)
Murder in the Maze is one of the most enjoyable British detective stories of the 1920s. Even in its day, it was hailed as an immediate classic; T.S. Eliot no less, as Curt Evans points out, called it “a really first-rate detective story” that put Connington “in the front rank of detective story writers”. Connington has been dismissed as a Humdrum, but his early books are excellent: they move swiftly, with an admirable mixture of complex plotting, deft clueing, and above average characterization, told in light, witty prose.
Here, we find a splendid set-up: identical twins Roger and Neville Shandon are shot (with arrow poison, of course) in the twin centres of a garden maze. Was one mistaken for the other? If so, which was the intended victim? Or were they both targets? Or are there even two murderers? Burglary and further tragedy follow.
Maze introduces Sir Clinton Driffield, Chief Constable of a here unnamed county (Downshire in later books); a slight man of about 35, sun-tanned, moustached, elegant but with a cultivated ordinariness. (I picture David Niven as Driffield.) He has a nice line in persiflage and cryptic comments (“By the way,” he added casually, “I suppose you know who the murderer is by this time?”), and spars nicely off ‘Squire’ Wendover. Like many of the superhuman sleuths, he also has his own idea of justice; Reggie Fortune, Philo Vance, and Mrs. Bradley would approve his solution, but the ordinary mortal might consider his conduct excessive in an upholder of the law.
“John Jervis Connington,” I wrote in 1999, “is obviously an Intuitionist” (borrowing Mike Grost’s classification). I wouldn’t go so far today; from The Two Tickets Puzzle (1930) on, his books are clearly in the Austin Freeman / Freeman Crofts line, but Connington involves himself with the people in the case and how they behave, rather than focusing exclusively on material clues and routine. For its time, the clueing is as adroit as Mason or Christie; there are physical clues, but the psychology of the murderer, what ze knew (but shouldn’t have done if ze were innocent), and slips of the tongue are also vital. So too are the detective’s reactions (e.g. the incident of the spider web). Carr, a Connington admirer, took note.
UK (Ernest Benn, 1927)
Two simultaneous murders occurring at the two centres of a maze in the garden of a country house; the report of an attempted murder; a fourth attack fraught with the greatest consequences; a burglary – these are the elements out of which “J. J. Connington” has built up a detective story which the publishers take leave to consider is worthy to rank with the half-dozen great masterpieces of this delightful form of literature. The reader will find all the clarity of reasoning and logical development which were so notable a feature of “Death at Swaythling Court” and “The Dangerfield Talisman,” but, added to these qualities, a continuous excitement of the most intense order.
New Statesman (9th April 1927, 100w):
Murder in the Maze is not only particularly well written, but is an unusually ‘clue-perfect’ detective story.
Spectator (B.E.T., 9th April 1927, 50w):
The author has produced a book that should be universally popular, for he writes well and humorously, lays excellent false trails, and never neglects his characterisation.
Nation and Ath (Marjorie Strachey, 16th April 1927, 150w)
Times Literary Supplement (21st April 1927):
In spite of the singularity of the crime in the title both the Shandon twins are found dead in the maze with poisoned air-gun darts in their bodies. One of them had just received a threatening letter from a man whom he had sent to prison in South Africa and had also told a hot-tempered nephew, who was an expert with air-guns, that he was an idler and could no longer rely on his bounty but must fend for himself, while the other was known to be the sole pillar and prop of the prosecution of an unscrupulous and wealthy rogue who could reasonably expect to avoid penal servitude if the formidable K. C. could be eliminated from the case. The writer of the threatening letter is found just outside the maze, the vindictive air-gunman has only his own evidence that he has been shooting rabbits and some of the documents relied upon by the prosecution are found to have been stolen from the body of the K. C.
Mr. Connington fortunately produces an exceedingly competent Chief Constable who personally takes charge of the case and shows a great deal of imagination, shrewdness, and knowledge of psychology in handling it.
NY Times (24th July 1927, 210w):
The story is an ingenious one, but it is marred at times by soliloquies on the part of some of the leading characters. The author might have found some subtler means of revealing what is told in those soliloquies.
Boston Transcript (J.F.S., 6th August 1927, 340w):
“Death at Swaythling Court” and “The Dangerfield Talisman” have recently placed J. J. Connington among the choice few whose narrative possesses distinctive flavour, and whose minor characters can be trusted upon to talk and act like human beings. He is, in short, a SOMETHING and particularly literary craftsman as well as a SOMETHING of clever stories. The tale grips the interest at the start, proceeds at comfortable speed, and works up to a distinctly unusual and thrilling climax. The puzzle is a first-rate one, and the story the best of the Connington stories.
Books (NY Herald Tribune) (Will Cuppy, 28th August 1927, 110w) |
Background: Increased in utero exposure to testosterone (T) has long-lasting consequences on development. A large body of literature suggests prenatal T exposure to influence psychological and biological parameters. Aging is associated with various changes in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Measuring one of the balances of these endocrine axes, the cortisol–testosterone ratio (CTr), can be used as indicator of endocrine health. An imbalance of these two systems (increased C and lower T), can compromise sexual function.
Aim: Besides the assessment of the CTr and sexual function, we investigated the moderating effect of prenatal T exposure (i.e. digit-ratio) on the association of the CTr and sexual function in aging males.
Methods: All 236 healthy men were between 40 and 75 years. Participants provided saliva samples under standardized conditions at 08:00 AM. Digit-ratios were measured, using a digital caliper Micrometer. Sexual function was assessed using the subscale of the aging-male-symptom-scale.
Results: Analyses yielded a moderating effect of the digit ratio on the association between the CTr and sexual function for higher than average CTr.
Discussion: The results indicate an effect of prenatal testosterone exposure on the association of CTr and sexual function in middle aged and older men. Lower prenatal T (i.e. higher digit-ratio) and higher CTr (increased C and lower T) seem to be associated with decreased sexual function.
Implications: Balanced endocrine systems buffer an age-related deterioration of sexual function in middle aged and older men. Based on these functions, preventive interventions could be developed to keep the endocrine system in balance. |
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1 edition of That day with God found in the catalog.
That day with God
Selections from sermons and addresses after the assassination of President Kennedy.
|Statement||edited by William M. Fine ; foreword by Richard Cardinal Cushing.|
|Contributions||Fine, William M.|
What God looks like is beyond our capability of understanding and describing. God gives glimpses of what He looks like to teach us truths about Himself, not necessarily so that we can have an image of Him in our minds. Two passages that powerfully describe God’s amazing appearance are Ezekiel and Revelation Verse 4. - Let that day be darkness; i.e. let a cloud rest upon it - let it be regarded as a day of ill omen, "carbone notandus." Job recognizes that his wish, that the day should perish utterly, is vain, and limits himself now to the possible. Let not God regard it from above; i.e. let not God, from the heaven where he dwells, extend to it his protection and superintending ://
2 days ago One day he found a Bible and opened it to the Book of 2 Samuel. Beyond the Biblical sense of his new life, that name worked on a couple of levels. His real name is Samuel Stinson, and he’s a Posts about Wisdom written by Mark Shields. Simple ideas can result in amazing discoveries. Think about it: All the lyrics to songs and all the books written were formed from the 26 letters of the ://
This printable coloring book includes 23 pages that illustrate the biblical story of God creating the world. Here's what you get with your instant download Combined PDF with all 23 coloring pages for easy printing NEW - Teacher talking points for each page to help start conversations with your students. NEW - Read God’s Word at anytime, anywhere using the YouVersion Bible App. Share Scripture with friends, highlight and bookmark passages, and create a daily habit with Bible Plans. Available for iOS, Android, Blackberry, Windows Phone and ://
Out of the Dolls House
Butterflies of the world
Europe from the Renaissance to Waterloo (College)
Fragment of a play.
Old Saint Pauls
All about our world
Whereas the fish-market at Billingsgate, by reason of the dismal fire and other accidents, hath for some late years been in much disorder, and yet continues without that due regulation ...
first part of the Institutes of the Laws of England
Introduction to quantum mechanics
Edgar and Emmeline
In praise of older women
Sissons Beauties of Sherwood Forest. A guide to the Dukeries and Worksop: with map and copious illustrations
Switch chapters automatically Close. Translate. Close Translate this book If any of you lacks wisdom, you should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to you. - James The post “From Simple to Amazing” wraps up the journey through the book of Numbers.
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God-centered books from the ministry of John Piper. God-centered books from the ministry of John Piper. Articles Sermons Topics Books Podcasts Features About Donate.
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The Oxford Book of Japanese Short Stories
Bara medlemmar i LibraryThing kan skriva.
Denna diskussion är för närvarande "vilande"—det sista inlägget är mer än 90 dagar gammalt. Du kan återstarta det genom att svara på inlägget.
But instead of feeling guilty at this -- for it is an anthology after all --, I have decided to dedicate a thread to this collection of short stories. Hopefully as time passes by, I'll post my thoughts on a short story or two and perhaps I'll read this anthology this year or maybe I won't read the next short story for another few years, at least I'll have a place where I've marked what I have read and perhaps add additional thoughts that can compliment my other thread devoted to Japanese literature.
In any case, the intention is there.
1) Mori Ogai : Sansho the Steward
2) Natsume Soseki : The Third Night
3) Kunikida Doppo : The Bonfire
4) Higuchi Ichiyo : Separate Ways
5) Nagai Kafu : The Peony Garden
6) Shiga Naoya : Night Fires
7) Tanizaki Junichiro : Aguri
9) Okamoto Kanoko : Portrait of an Old Geisha
11) Miyazawa Kenji : The Bears of Nametoko
12) Yokomitsu Riichi : Spring Riding in a Carriage
14) Kawabata Yasunari : The Izu Dancer
15) Kajii Motojiro : Lemon
16) Hayashi Fumiko : The Accordion and the Fish Town
17) Enchi Fumiko : The Flower-Eating Crone
18) Hirabayashi Taiko : Blind Chinese Soldiers
19) Sakaguchi Ango : In the Forest, Under Cherries in Full Bloom
20) Inoue Yasushi : Passage to Fudaraku
21) Dazai Osamu : Merry Christmas
22) Nakajima Atsushi : The Expert
23) Kojima Nobuo : The Rifle
24) Endo Shusaku : Unzen
25) Abe Kobo : The Bet
26) Yoshiyuki Junnosuke : Three Policemen
27) Mishima Yukio : Onnagata
28) Kono Taeko : Toddler-hunting
29) Mukoda Kuniko : Mr. Carp
30) Kaiko Takeshi : The Duel
32) Tsushima Yuko : A Very Strange, Enchanted Boy
33) Murakami Haruki : The Elephant Vanishes
34) Shimada Masahiko : Desert Dolphin
35) Yoshimoto Banana : Dreaming of Kimchee
I should also mention that the commentary was thought-provoking and enhanced my reading of the stories generally. The commentator does a great job laying out how the preoccupations of each successive generation of Japanese authors are reflected in their stories.
The last paragraph of his introductions leads to explaining why he chose what he chose:
No one, I have learned, has a monopoly on literary sensibility. The 'objective' pronouncements of experts are inevitably shaped by personal likes and dislikes and the tides of academic discourse, while students often come up with insights that elude their teachers. This anthology is no exception to the rule. I have tried to provide a cross-section of modern stories, selecting what seems to me to be the best works by the best translators, and avoiding any overlap with existing anthologies. There have been many writers I wanted to include but couldn't, while popular forms like historical romance and detective fiction have been almost entirely omitted. Treat this anthology, then not as the last word but as a first step into a living tradition which you can appreciate, and interpret, on your own.
I know that myself and even my Japanese boyfriend who is an avid reader are lost as to who some of these authors are so it's great to see the eclectic choice. And with all things one cannot include everything.
At a very short four pages, Carp is a very simple tale. The narrator is given a white carp from his friend Nampachi Aoki which he promises to never kill. The carp, however, proves to be more of a burden for the narrator and even Aoki can sense that his friend is taking care of it more out of a feeling of obligation than joy. Nevertheless the narrator decides to keeps to his promise. But it is only after the demise of his friend that he can truly sees the white carp for its beauty as tears run from down his face.
Books by Ibuse Masuji that I have read:
The author's style is very recognizable and once again John Bester does a great job in translating Ibuse's calm style. Apparently, Aoki Nampachi was a real person, a fellow student at Waseda University, and was both a mentor and a general influence on Ibuse's work. It would seem the death of his friend was a source of inspiration in allowing him to describe what loneliness feels like, something very observable in Black Rain.
Do you have a thread where you keep track of which books you read?
Here is my list of Japanese Literature books:
Any reason why you wanted to know?
The last piece of fiction I read was two months ago. It happened to be Tanizaki Jun'ichiro's The Key which I had found in a secondhand bookstore.
The last book before that was may be three years ago. I read mostly research material right now.
So I would be not much of a contributor to the interesting conversations happening here though I would love to take part again.
Thanks for asking. I will try though.
I went from a carp to a blowfish and stayed at the four page mark for this story. And it's a simple story: a kabuki star is traveling, falls ill, decides to eat some blowfish that turns out to be tainted and realizes he's dying. There isn't some deep underlying message to take away from this story. It does show certain glimpses into the lifestyle of a kabuki artist but there really is no revelation.
In fact, I had to look at who the author was (I'm unfamiliar with him) to really understand what it was I had just read. Immediately, from his wikipedia, you read that "Satomi Ton is the pen-name for a Japanese author known for the craftsmanship of his dialogue and command of the Japanese language". As there was hardly any dialogue and since I was reading this book in translation, I can't really make a comment on either of these two things.
Wikipedia continues to tell me that he "strove to remain aloof from any particular literary clique or political school throughout his career. He was a prolific author known for his autobiographical works and promotion of purely literary values." So now I know I'm going to be looking for tradition in his works as well as glimpses into the Japanese life. Now I understand what I've just read.
However, I think I would have preferred reading this work first:
"In the West he is largely known for Tsubaki ("Camellia"), a disturbing short story written after the Great Kantō Earthquake of 1923, which came a few months after the suicide of his brother Takeo Arishima."
10) Akutagawa Ryunosuke (1892-1927): In a Grove
This one I can't say how many times I've read it. I don't think you can go through an education in Japanese or Japanese culture without reading this in almost every class. Because it is that influential a work because it is so powerful and so remarkable a piece of work. In fact, I wouldn't mind reading it again. I've even seen the movie several times. So this is just a must-read. And if you're going to read this, you also must read his other, even more influential and even more powerful work, Rashomon. Not even going to tell you what they're about!
31) Oe Kenzaburo (1935 - ): Prize Stock
This was also a remarkable story but I admit that it initially took a little time to settle but I feel that is fairly typical of Oe. He handles some tough topics that aren't the easiest to digest and that require some contemplation. This was a topic I haven't ever seen tackled in Japanese literature (if you know, let me know!) which was probably what was so shocking and in your face for me.
So what is it about? It talks about the reaction of a Japanese village to a black American soldier whose plane has crashed and of which he is the sole survivor. More specifically it speaks of a boy's reaction to the soldier's impressive presence. The narrative is remarkable but the story is shocking.
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Climate: Maritime temperate.
Highest elevation: Hvannadalshnjúkur at Vatnajökull Glacier, at 2,110 meters (6,923 ft.).
Nationality: Noun--Icelander(s). Adjective--Icelandic.
Population (January 1, 2010): 317,630.
Annual population growth rate (2009): -0.54%.
Ethnic group: Relatively homogenous mixture of descendants of Norwegians and Celts.
Religion: Evangelical Lutheran, 84.4%.
Education: Compulsory up to age 16. Attendance--99%. Literacy--99.9%.
Health: Infant mortality rate (1999-2008 average)--2.4/1,000. Life expectancy (2008)--men 79.6 years, women 83.0 years.
Work force (2008, 184,100): Commerce--32.2%; manufacturing--8.2%; fishing/fish processing--3.4%; construction--10.05%; transport and communications--6.3%; agriculture--2.3%; government, education, and health--27.2%; other services--9.55%. Unemployment (March 2010): 9.3%.
Type: Parliamentary republic.
Independence: 1918 (became "sovereign state" under Danish Crown); 1944 (establishment of republic);
Branches: Executive--president (head of state), prime minister (head of government), cabinet (12 ministers). Legislative--63-member unicameral parliament (Althingi). Judicial--Supreme Court, district courts, special courts.
Subdivisions: 26 administrative districts and 77 municipalities.
Major political parties: Social Democratic Alliance (SDA), Left-Green Party (LGP), Independence Party (IP), Progressive Party (PP), and The Movement.
Suffrage: Universal 18 years and above.
National holiday: June 17, anniversary of the establishment of the republic.
GDP (2009): $12.0 billion.
GDP growth rate: (2007) 3.8%; (2008) 1.3%; (2009) -6.5%.
Per capita GDP (2009): $37,622.
Inflation rate: (2008) 18.1%; (2009) 7.5%.
Central government budget: (2009) $4.5 billion; (2010 proposed) $4.5 billion.
Annual budget deficit: (2009 estimated) $1.2 billion; (2010 proposed) $790 million.
Net central government debt: (2007) 10.3% of GDP; (2008 estimated) 41.3% of GDP; (2009 estimated) 78% of GDP.
Natural resources: Marine products, hydroelectric and geothermal power.
Agriculture: Products--potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots, roses, livestock.
Industry: Types--aluminum smelting, fishing and fish processing technology, ferro-silicon alloy production, hydro and geothermal power, tourism, information technology.
Trade: Exports of goods (2009)--$4.0 billion: marine products 41.7%; industrial products 48.6%; agricultural products 1.5%; and miscellaneous 8.2%. Partners (2009)--EEA 83.5% (Netherlands 30.7%, U.K. 12.8%, Germany 11.3%, Spain 4.8%, Norway 5.8%); U.S. 3.9% ($155.3 million). Imports (2009)--$3.3 billion: industrial supplies 30.4%; capital goods, parts, accessories 21.5%; consumer goods 15.6%; transport equipment 9.7%; food and beverages 10.2%; fuels and lubricants 12.4%. Partners (2009)--EEA 64.8% (Germany 8.3%, Sweden 8.1%, Netherlands 8.6%, Denmark 7.3%, U.K. 4.5%, Norway 13.0%); U.S. 6.9% ($248 million); China 5.0%; Japan 3.4%.
(Note: All figures are converted to U.S. dollars (USD) using the Central bank’s end of year 2009 USD/Icelandic krona (ISK) mid exchange rate: 124.9.)
Iceland is a volcanic island in the North Atlantic Ocean east of Greenland and immediately south of the Arctic Circle. It lies about 4,200 kilometers (2,600 mi.) from New York and 830 kilometers (520 mi.) from Scotland. About 79% of Iceland's land area, which is of recent volcanic origin, consists of glaciers, lakes, a mountainous lava desert (highest elevation 2,000 meters--6,590 ft.--above sea level), and other wasteland. About 28% of the land is used for grazing, and 1% is cultivated. The inhabited areas are on the coast, particularly in the southwest where about 60% of the population lives. Because of the Gulf Stream's moderating influence, the climate is characterized by damp, cool summers and relatively mild but windy winters. In Reykjavík, the average temperature is 11°C (52°F) in July and -1°C (30°F) in January.
Most Icelanders are descendants of Norwegian settlers and Celts from the British Isles, and the population is remarkably homogeneous. According to Icelandic Government statistics, 94% of the nation's inhabitants live in urban areas (localities with populations greater than 200) and about 63% live in the Reykjavík metropolitan area. Of the Nordic languages, the Icelandic language is closest to the Old Norse language and has remained relatively unchanged since the 12th century. About 84% of the population belongs to the state church, the Evangelical Lutheran Church, or other Lutheran Churches. However, Iceland has complete religious freedom, and about 20 other religious congregations are present.
Most Icelandic surnames are based on patronymy, or the adoption of the father's first given name. For example, Magnús and Anna, children of a man named Pétur, would hold the surname Pétursson and Pétursdóttir, respectively. Magnús' children, in turn, would inherit the surname Magnússon, while Anna's children would claim their father's first given name as their surname. Women normally maintain their original surnames after marriage. This system of surnames is required by law, except for the descendants of those who had acquired family names before 1913. Most Icelanders, while reserved by nature, rarely call each other by their surnames, and even phone directories are based on first names. Because of its small size and relative homogeneity, Iceland holds all the characteristics of a very close-knit society.
The Sagas, almost all written between 1180 and 1300 A.D., remain Iceland's best-known literary accomplishment, and they have no surviving counterpart anywhere in the Nordic world. Based on Norwegian and Icelandic histories and genealogies, the Sagas present views of Nordic life and times up to 1100 A.D. The Saga writers sought to record their heroes' great achievements and to glorify the virtues of courage, pride, and honor, focusing in the later Sagas on early Icelandic settlers. The best-known Icelandic writer of the 20th century is the 1955 Nobel Prize winner Halldór Kiljan Laxness. The literacy rate is 99.9%, and literature and poetry are legendary passions with the population. Per capita publication of books and magazines is the highest in the world.
Unlike its literature, Iceland's fine arts did not flourish until the 19th century because the population was small and scattered. Iceland's most famous painters are Ásgrímur Jónsson, Jón Stefánsson, and Jóhannes Kjarval, all of whom worked during the first half of the 20th century. The best-known modern sculptor, Ásmundur Sveinsson (1893-1982), drew his inspiration from Icelandic folklore and the Sagas for many of his works. Today, Kristján Jóhannsson and Garðar Thór Cortes are Iceland's most famous opera singers, while pop singer Björk and progressive rock band Sigur Rós are well known internationally.
Iceland was settled in the late 9th and early 10th centuries, principally by people of Norse origin. In 930 A.D., the ruling chiefs established a republican constitution and an assembly called the Althingi (Alþingi) the oldest parliament in the world. Iceland remained independent until 1262, when it entered into a treaty establishing a union with the Norwegian monarchy. Iceland was then passed to Denmark in the late 14th century when Norway and Denmark were united under the Danish crown.
In the early 19th century, national consciousness was revived in Iceland. The Althingi had been abolished in 1800 but was reestablished in 1843 as a consultative assembly. In 1874, Denmark granted Iceland limited home rule, which was expanded in scope in 1904. The constitution, written in 1874, was revised in 1903. The Act of Union, a 1918 agreement with Denmark, recognized Iceland as a fully sovereign state united with Denmark under a common king. Iceland established its own flag, but Denmark continued to represent Icelandic foreign affairs and defense interests.
German occupation of Denmark in 1940 severed communications between Iceland and Denmark. Consequently, Iceland moved immediately to assume control over its own territorial waters and foreign affairs. In May 1940, British military forces occupied Iceland. Responsibility for Iceland's defense passed to the United States in July 1941. Following a plebiscite, Iceland formally became an independent republic on June 17, 1944. In October 1946, the Icelandic and U.S. Governments agreed to terminate U.S. responsibility for the defense of Iceland, but the United States retained certain rights at Keflavík. Iceland became a charter member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949. After the outbreak of hostilities in Korea in 1950, and pursuant to the request of NATO military authorities, the United States and Iceland agreed that the United States should again make arrangements for Iceland's defense. A bilateral defense agreement signed on May 5, 1951 remains in force, even though the U.S. military forces are no longer permanently stationed in Iceland. Iceland is the only NATO country with no standing military of its own.
The president, elected to a 4-year term, has limited powers. When Iceland became a republic in 1944, the post of president was created to fill the void left by the Danish king. Although the president is popularly elected and has limited veto powers (he can force a public referendum on a proposed law by refusing to sign it), the expectation is that the president should play the same limited role as a monarch in a traditional parliamentary system.
The prime minister and cabinet exercise most executive functions. The parliament is composed of 63 members, elected every 4 years unless it is dissolved sooner. Suffrage for presidential and parliamentary elections is universal for those 18 and older, and members of the parliament are elected on the basis of parties' proportional representation in six constituencies. The judiciary consists of the Supreme Court, district courts, and various special courts. The constitution protects the judiciary from infringement by the other two branches.
Principal Government Officials
President--Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
Prime Minister--Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir
Foreign Minister--Össur Skarphéðinsson
Minister of Finance--Steingrímur J. Sigfússon
Minister of Justice and Human Rights--Ragna Árnadóttir
Minister of Fisheries and Agriculture--Jón Bjarnason
Minister of Industry, Energy and Tourism--Katrín Júlíusdóttir
Minister of Communications--Kristján L. Möller
Minister for the Environment--Svandís Svavarsdóttir
Minister of Economic Affairs--Gylfi Magnússon
Minister of Health--Álfheiður Ingadóttir
Minister of Social Affairs and Social Security--Árni Páll Árnason
Minister of Education, Science and Culture--Katrín Jakobsdóttir
Speaker of Althingi--Ásta Ragnheiður Jóhannesdóttir
Ambassador to the U.S.--Hjálmar W. Hannesson
Ambassador to the UN--Gunnar Pálsson
Ambassador to NATO--Þorsteinn Ingólfsson
Ambassador to the EU--Stefán Haukur Jóhannesson
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Iceland maintains an embassy in the United States at the House of Sweden, 2900 K Street, NW, #509, Washington, DC 20007-1704 [tel. (202) 265-6653], and a consulate general at 800 Third Ave, 36th floor, New York, NY 10022 [tel. (212) 593-2700]. Iceland also has 25 honorary consulates in major U.S. cities.
Iceland's current government consists of a majority coalition between the center-left Social Democratic Alliance (SDA) and the leftist, environmentally focused Left-Green Movement (LG). The SDA-LG coalition, which holds 34 out of the 63 seats in parliament, was elected on April 25, 2009 in early parliamentary elections that were prompted by the country's economic crisis in the fall of 2008. The Chair of the SDA party, Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, is Iceland's first female Prime Minister and LG Chair Steingrímur J. Sigfússon serves as the country's Finance Minister. The government has initiated significant economic reforms and has submitted Iceland's application to join the European Union (EU).
There are five political parties represented in parliament:
Social Democratic Alliance: Formed in 2000 from three leftist parties--the Social Democratic Party, the People's Alliance, and the Women's List--the SDA was created to challenge the long-dominant Independence Party. Though this effort failed initially, under the leadership of Ingibjörg Sólrún Gísladóttir, the SDA eventually formed a coalition government with the Independence Party (IP) in 2007. It is now the senior member in a government coalition with the LG. The party has worked to reconcile the widely varying foreign policy views of its members, which range from strong support for NATO membership to pacifism and neutrality. The SDA is also the most openly pro-EU of Iceland's political parties.
Left Green Movement: The LG was founded in 1999 by a group of politicians who did not agree with the planned merger of the leftist parties in Iceland that resulted in the SDA. The Left Greens won a respectable 9% of the vote (5 seats) in 2003, but in the 2007 election they improved significantly, with 14% of the total vote (9 seats). The LG captured 22% of the vote and 14 seats in the 2009 election and joined the SDA as the junior partner in the coalition government. As its name implies, the party is focused on a Nordic socialist model of governance with a strong emphasis on environmental issues. It formally opposes EU membership for Iceland but is open to change should the Icelandic public demand it.
Independence Party: The IP was formed in 1929 and is the center-right political party in Iceland. Iceland's recent political upheaval follows nearly two decades of relative stability under the IP, much of it marked by an Independence-Progressive coalition that was in power from 1995-2007. Longtime IP leader Davíð Oddsson was Prime Minister from 1991-2004, making him the longest-serving prime minister in Europe. The IP elected parliamentarian Bjarni Benediktsson to follow former Prime Minister Geir Haarde as Party Chairman in late March 2009, after Haarde announced in January his intent to leave politics while undergoing treatment for esophageal cancer. Following the economic collapse of 2008, the IP undertook a thorough review of its policy on joining the EU, concluding that the question should be decided by a national referendum at the conclusion of accession negotiations with Brussels. Party support plummeted to 24% (16 seats) in the elections in April 2009, from 37% (25 seats) in the 2007 elections.
Progressive Party: The centrist agrarian Progressive Party has been a party to government for over 30 of the past 40 years. Its support dropped from 23% (15 seats) in the 1995 parliamentary election to 12% (7 seats) in 2007. The party, however, rebounded slightly in 2009 receiving 15% of the vote and nine seats in parliament. The Progressive Party has faced internal instability in the past few years, and power struggles have led to frequent change in the party's leadership. Current Chairman Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson was elected at the party's national congress in January 2009, following the sudden resignation of Guðni Ágústsson in November 2008. Ágústsson himself had replaced Jón Sigurðsson after the party's disastrous showing in the 2007 elections.
Liberal Party and Citizens' Movement: Iceland's Liberal Party, devoted to changing the current fisheries management system, stumbled badly in the April 2009 elections and did not make it over the 5% threshold for representation in the Alþingi. Taking the Liberals' place as the fifth party in parliament was the new Citizens' Movement, which surprised many observers by earning four seats in the legislature. The Citizens' Movement was the only new party to successfully use the protests of 2008-2009 to launch itself into prominence. Subsequently, however, internal strife has torn the party apart. All four members resigned from the party; one is now an independent member of Parliament and the other three formed a parliamentary group called The Movement, which has no constituency.
Iceland's current President is Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, a former political science professor who led the far-left People's Alliance in 1987-1995 and served as Finance Minister in 1988-91. Although Grímsson won office with only a 41% plurality in 1996, he was not challenged for re-election in 2000 and was re-elected again on June 26, 2004. In 2008, Grímsson was again re-elected by default. This follows a well-established tradition of giving deference to sitting presidents. Once in office, a president can generally count on serving as many terms as he or she likes, assuming good behavior. Reflecting the belief that the president is "above politics," presidential candidates run for election as individuals--since 1952, political parties have played no role in nominating or endorsing candidates.
Iceland, a stable democracy with a dynamic consumer economy, suffered an economic crisis in October 2008. The banking sector collapsed, and the Icelandic Government turned to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for assistance.
In the years before the crisis, Iceland enjoyed an economic boom with several years of strong economic growth spurred by economic reforms, deregulation, and low inflation. The economy suffered an initial setback in spring 2006 when credit rating agencies and other international financial firms released a number of reports raising questions about the activities and stability of Iceland's major banks and the state of the Icelandic economy. These reports were widely covered in the international financial press, causing a marked drop in the value of shares listed on the Icelandic stock exchange and of the Icelandic krona, but the market recovered temporarily.
The financial sector was hit hard by the global credit crisis beginning in 2007. In the first six months of 2008, the Icelandic krona began devaluing and inflation rose to nearly 12%. Difficulties increased as Icelandic banks could not get financing on the global market and, with liabilities estimated at approximately 10 times GDP, they were forced to turn to their lender of last resort, the Central Bank of Iceland. The Financial Supervisory Authority took possession of the three large commercial banks, and Iceland turned to the IMF for a $5 billion loan package that included bilateral loans from the Nordics and other countries. A letter of intent sent to the IMF outlined the strategy for the recovery of the economy. Its main components were to stabilize the currency, establish trust in Iceland’s monetary policy, revise fiscal policy to meet the increased debt burden, and restructure the banking system. The Executive Board of the IMF approved the loan package in November 2008, subject to Iceland following the proposed economic recovery program, and subsequently disbursed the first tranche of the loans. Two reviews of the program have since been conducted, the second in April 2010, allowing Iceland to draw a third disbursement.
The financial crisis has resulted in a dramatic rise in unemployment from less than 2% to 9.3% in March 2010, and widespread business closures and bankruptcies. Political turmoil resulted in the resignation of the cabinet and installation of an interim government in January 2009 and early elections, as well as the replacement of the Central Bank and Financial Supervisory Authority leadership. At the end of 2008, inflation was at 18.6% and the currency had depreciated by roughly 90%. Inflation has since subsided to a large degree, dropping to 7.5% in June 2010. The government has made good progress in restructuring the banking system. Following the takeover of the three big commercial banks, new banks were established around Icelandic assets, transferred from the old banks. The majority shares of two of the new banks have been sold to private investors, while the government still holds a majority stake in the third one. The old banks are still in receivership.
In April 2010, the Special Investigatory Commission (known informally as the Truth Commission) released a 2,000-page report on the banking meltdown. The report detailed the banks’ questionable practices, all while the banking sector exploded exponentially in size. It provided the basis for investigation by the Special Prosecutor, who has since arrested some suspects and frozen their assets. Two former ministers and a parliamentary group leader have taken leaves of absence.
As a small and undiversified economy, Iceland depends heavily on imports for consumption and industry. Its main exports are aluminum and marine products. Aluminum exports exceeded marine product exports in value for the first time in 2008. The tourism industry is the third-largest provider of foreign currency to the economy. Other important exports include ferro-silicon alloys, equipment and electronic machinery for fishing and fish processing, and pharmaceuticals. The vast majority of Iceland's exports go to the European Union (EU) and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries, followed by the United States and Japan. The U.S. is by far the largest foreign investor in Iceland, primarily in the aluminum sector. A Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) with the United States was signed in January 2009.
Iceland's relatively liberal trading policy was strengthened by accession to the European Economic Area in 1994 and by the Uruguay Round agreement, which also brought significantly improved market access for Iceland's exports, particularly seafood products. The agricultural sector, however, remains heavily subsidized and protected. Iceland became a full member of the European Free Trade Association in 1970 and entered into a free trade agreement with the European Community in 1973. Under the European Economic Area agreement, which took effect January 1, 1994, there is basically free cross-border movement of capital, labor, goods, and services between Iceland, EU, and EEA countries. However, following the financial turmoil in fall 2008, movements of capital to and from Iceland were restricted by the Rules on Foreign Exchange issued by the Central Bank. These rules are intended to be temporary measures to strengthen and stabilize the exchange rate of the Icelandic krona. In August 2009, the Central Bank published a strategy on how to lift the restrictions. As of November 2009, the first step of the strategy, permitting the inflow of foreign currency for new investments and the outflow of capital converted to foreign currencies from such investments, had been implemented. Subsequent phases will be introduced as conditions allow, but the Central Bank of Iceland has been acquiring ISK-denominated assets held by foreign entities in order to make it easier to lift capital controls.
Iceland has no railroads. Organized road building began around 1900 and has greatly expanded in the past decade. The current national road system connects most of the population centers along the coastal areas and consists of about 13,000 kilometers (8,125 mi.) of roads, of which about 4,800 kilometers (2,982 mi.) are paved. Regular air and sea service connect Reykjavík with the other main population centers.
Iceland has felt the economic impact of the April to May 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcano eruption. In the short term, tourism and transportation were disrupted. In the longer term, the ash and flooding have hurt some of Iceland’s most productive agricultural lands, including the area that produces about 12% of Iceland’s dairy products, 15% of its cattle, and 17% of its horses.
The U.S. and Iceland signed a bilateral agreement in 1951 stipulating that the U.S. would make arrangements for Iceland's defense on behalf of NATO and provide for basing rights for U.S. forces in Iceland. In March 2006 the U.S. announced it would continue to provide for Iceland's defense but without permanently basing forces in the country; Naval Air Station Keflavik closed in September 2006 after half a century. The Government of Iceland expressed disappointment, and even opposition politicians opposed to the U.S. military presence criticized the manner of the closing, but bilateral discussions ensued to explore new ways of ensuring the country's security, with an emphasis on a "visible defense." Negotiations concluded with a technical agreement on base closure issues (e.g., facilities return, environmental cleanup, residual value) signed on September 29, 2006, and a "Joint Understanding" on future bilateral security cooperation (focusing on defending Iceland and the North Atlantic region against emerging threats such as terrorism and trafficking) signed by the Secretary of State and Icelandic Prime Minister and Foreign Minister in Washington on October 11, 2006. The United States also cooperated with local officials to mitigate the impact of job losses at the Air Station, notably by encouraging U.S. investment in industry and tourism development in the Keflavík area. The Government of Iceland formed a public corporation to oversee redevelopment of the former base site. In fall 2007 the university-level "Keilir Atlantic Center of Excellence" began its operations with a focus on aviation, science and energy technology, and innovation. Former base housing is now rented by roughly 1,100 university students (at Keilir as well as institutions in Reykjavik) and commercial redevelopment of other areas of the former base is proceeding.
Cooperative activities in the context of the new agreements began almost immediately after the closure of the base, with the arrival of the amphibious ship USS Wasp in October 2006 as the first U.S. Navy port visit since 2002. Subsequent activities have included joint search and rescue, disaster surveillance, and maritime interdiction training with U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard units, a port call by the U.S.-led NATO Standing Maritime Group 1, and U.S. deployments to support the NATO air surveillance mission in Iceland. The U.S. and Iceland jointly led planning and execution of Northern Viking air defense exercises in 2007 and 2008, and planning for subsequent joint endeavors is underway. Additionally, the U.S. Coast Guard's First District (Boston) and the Icelandic Coast Guard signed an agreement in 2008 to develop a joint training and exchange program, with the first activity--a joint search and rescue exercise--taking place in August 2008.
In 2008, the Government of Iceland passed its first defense budget ($20 million) and on June 1, 2008 established the Icelandic Defense Agency (IDA), under the direction of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The IDA oversees support of cooperative defense activities, military exercises in Iceland, and maintenance of defense-related facilities, including the operation of the Iceland Air Defense System radar sites, which the United States handed over to Iceland on August 15, 2007. Defense spending in the 2009 budget was reduced to roughly $13 million, due to government-wide budget cuts as well as considerable devaluation of the krona. The Government of Iceland announced in 2009 that the short-lived IDA would be closing in 2010. It offered assurances, however, that all of the IDA's functions and responsibilities would continue.
The Government of Iceland contributes financially to NATO's international overhead costs and recently has taken a more active role in NATO deliberations, planning, and peacekeeping. Iceland hosted the NATO Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Reykjavík in June 1987 and again in May 2002. Iceland hosted the NATO Military Committee in April 2007 and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly in October 2007.
Iceland maintains diplomatic and commercial relations with practically all nations, but its ties with other Nordic states, with the United States, and with the other NATO member states are particularly close. Icelanders remain especially proud of the role Iceland played in hosting the historic 1986 summit in Reykjavík between President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, which set the stage for the end of the Cold War.
Iceland has greatly increased its international profile since the early 1990s. From the mid-1990s until 2007, Iceland opened a number of missions overseas, including in all five permanent member countries of the UN Security Council in anticipation of its (ultimately unsuccessful) bid for a rotating seat on the UN Security Council in 2009-2010. The buildup also included missions to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg and to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Vienna. In 1998, it bolstered its delegation to NATO, assigning a permanent representative to the military committee for the first time ever. However, in the wake of the economic crisis in fall 2008, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs announced budget cuts resulting in the closure of four overseas missions. Iceland currently has 20 missions in 17 countries.
European Union (EU) membership was one of the top campaign issues in the 2009 parliamentary elections. In July 2009, the parliament voted in favor of applying for EU membership. The European Council accepted the application on July 27, 2009 and referred it to the European Commission to analyze Iceland's preparedness for negotiations. On February 24, 2010, the European Commission delivered a positive opinion on Iceland’s application and referred it to the European Council. The Icelandic government has a target date of 2012 for joining the EU, which will be subject to a national referendum in Iceland. Icelanders also have a strong emotional bond with the Baltic states, and Iceland prides itself on being the first country to have recognized these countries' claim for independence in 1991.
Notwithstanding its status as an unarmed nation, Iceland has been eager to do its part to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security. One of the niches it is helping to fill is in civilian peacekeeping and crisis management. It took a significant step forward in this area in 2001 by launching its Icelandic Crisis Response Unit (ICRU). In setting up the ICRU, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs established a roster of over 100 experts in various occupations (police officers, nurses, doctors, lawyers, engineers, journalists, etc.) who will be specially trained and prepared to deploy to trouble spots abroad on short notice. Iceland, due to financial constraints, has had to dramatically reduce the number of deployed peacekeepers serving worldwide.
Membership in International Organizations
Iceland is a member of the following organizations: Arctic Council, Barents Euro-Arctic Council; Council of Baltic Sea States; Council of Europe; European Economic Area; European Free Trade Organization; EFTA Court; EFTA Surveillance Authority; North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; International Criminal Police Organization; International Council for the Exploration of the Sea; International Hydrographic Organization; International Maritime Satellite Organization; International Union for the Publication of Custom Tariffs; Nordic Council; North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission; North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization; the International Whaling Commission; and the North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission.
It also is a member of the United Nations and most of its related organizations, specialized agencies, and commissions, including the International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, World Tourism Organization, Food and Agricultural Organization, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Fund for Agricultural Development; Industrial Development Organization; International Labor Organization, International Maritime Organization, International Telecommunications Union, UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Universal Postal Union, World Health Organization, and World Meteorological Organization; World Intellectual Property Organization; International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; International Development Association; International Finance Corporation Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency and International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes; UN Conference on Disarmament; Economic Commission for Europe; UN High Commissioner for Refugees; Office for the High Commissioner for Human Rights; Commission of Human Rights; UN Conference on Trade and Development.
U.S. policy aims to maintain close, cooperative relations with Iceland, both as a NATO ally and as a friend interested in the shared objectives of enhancing world peace; respect for human rights; economic development; arms control; and law enforcement cooperation, including the fight against terrorism, narcotics, and human trafficking. Moreover, the United States endeavors to strengthen bilateral economic and trade relations.
Principal U.S. Officials
Deputy Chief of Mission--Samuel Watson
Political Officer--Joshua Rubin
Economic/Commercial Officer--Meredith Rubin
Management Officer--Michael Greer
Information Management Officer--Phil Bunch
Public Affairs Officer--vacant
Consular Officer--Kristyna Rabassa
Regional Security Officer--Marco Fernandez
The U.S. Embassy in Iceland is located at Laufasvegur 21, Reykjavík [tel. (354) 562-9100]. The Embassy's web site is http://iceland.usembassy.gov/.
TRAVEL AND BUSINESS INFORMATION
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For the latest security information, Americans living and traveling abroad should regularly monitor the Department's Bureau of Consular Affairs Internet web site at http://www.travel.state.gov, where the current Worldwide Caution, Travel Alerts, and Travel Warnings can be found. Consular Affairs Publications, which contain information on obtaining passports and planning a safe trip abroad, are also available at http://www.travel.state.gov. For additional information on international travel, see http://www.usa.gov/Citizen/Topics/Travel/International.shtml.
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The National Passport Information Center (NPIC) is the U.S. Department of State's single, centralized public contact center for U.S. passport information. Telephone: 1-877-4-USA-PPT (1-877-487-2778); TDD/TTY: 1-888-874-7793. Passport information is available 24 hours, 7 days a week. You may speak with a representative Monday-Friday, 8 a.m. to 10 p.m., Eastern Time, excluding federal holidays.
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In vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanol and water extracts of Cassia alata.
Pharmacokinetic analysis of rhein in Rheum undulatum L.
Evaluation of anti-diarrhoeal activity in seed extracts of Mangifera indica.
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the stem bark extract of Mitragyna ciliata (Rubiaceae) Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antinociceptive activities of Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Poir.
Ethnomedicobotany of Uttara Kannada District in Karnataka, India--plants in treatment of skin diseases.
Liv.52 in alcoholic liver disease: a prospective, controlled trial.
Traditional herbal drugs of Southern Uganda, II: literature analysis and antimicrobial assays.
The Maasai ethnodiagnostic skill of livestock diseases: a lead to traditional bioprospecting.
Comparative evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity of some Indian medicinal plants in alloxan diabetic rats.
Stroke in a chiropractic patient population.
Ichthyotoxic ARF after fish gallbladder ingestion: a large case series from Vietnam.
Suspected withdrawal syndrome after cessation of St. John's wort.
Reversible ovarian failure induced by a Chinese herbal medicine: lei gong teng.
A randomized double-blind pilot study comparing Doloteffin and Vioxx in the treatment of low back pain.
Adrenal corticosteroids in Chinese herbal remedies.
Clinical trial of acupuncture for patients with spinal cord injuries.
Recent advances in traditional plant drugs and orchids.
Ion-channels in human sperm membrane and contraceptive mechanisms of male antifertility compounds derived from Chinese traditional medicine.
Factors associated with willingness to try different pain treatments for pain after a spinal cord injury.
Match the best smoking cessation intervention to your patient.
QUICKI is a Useful Index of Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects with Hypertension.
Complementary approaches to palliative oncological care.
How objective are systematic reviews? Differences between reviews on complementary medicine.
Medicinal foodstuffs. XXXI. Structures of new aromatic constituents and inhibitors of degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells from a Japanese folk medicine, the stem bark of Acer nikoense.
Cytotoxicity and apoptotic inducibility of Vitex agnus-castus fruit extract in cultured human normal and cancer cells and effect on growth.
Current Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis.
Asian medicine. The new face of traditional Chinese medicine.
Use of Ephedra-containing products and risk for hemorrhagic stroke.
Gastroprotective effects of a crude extract of Baccharis illinita DC in rats.
Knowledge and attitudes of Israeli high school pupils towards alternative medicine.
Treatment of 48 cases of frozen shoulder with manual therapy under brachial plexus anesthesia through a retained tube
Prevention of lung cancer: summary of published evidence.
Effect of magnitopuncture on sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activities in healthy drivers--assessment by power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability.
Keeping up with alternative medicine: researchers offer evaluation criteria.
Society of Homeopaths does not advise against vaccination.
Evaluation of chiropractic management of pediatric patients with low back pain: a prospective cohort study.
Chiropractor's use of radiography in Switzerland.
Empowerment of chiropractic faculty: a profile in context.
Comparative analysis of low-back loading on chiropractors using various workstation table heights and performing various tasks.
Objective manual assessment of lumbar posteroanterior stiffness is now possible.
Predicting academic success in the first year of chiropractic college.
Is chiropractic evidence based? A pilot study.
Unsubstantiated claims in patient brochures from the largest state provincial, and national chiropractic associations and research agencies.
Rating specific chiropractic technique procedures for common low back conditions.
Rating specific chiropractic technique procedures for common low back conditions.
Anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic activity of Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb (Convolvulaceae).
Alternative treatments for neck sprain.
Antibiotic resistance and genotyping of clinical group B Salmonella isolated in Accra, Ghana.
Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Agastache rugosa Kuntze and its synergism with ketoconazole.
Topical agents or dressings for pain in venous leg ulcers.
Non-surgical treatment (other than steroid injection) for carpal tunnel syndrome.
Kava extract for treating anxiety.
Homeopathy for dementia.
Acupuncture decreases nitric oxide synthase expression in periaqueductal gray area of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
Complementary and alternative medicine: examining the evidence.
Information from your family doctor. Echinacea: what should I know about it?
Antigenotoxic, antimutagenic and ROS scavenging activities of a Rhoeo discolor ethanolic crude extract.
Minute sphere acupressure does not reduce postoperative pain or morphine consumption.
Complementary or alternative medicine: the need for plausibility.
Relation between body mass index and mortality in an unusually slim cohort.
Complementary and alternative therapeutics: rigorous research is needed to support claims.
Spiritual link is part of traditional knowledge.
Elucidation of the paratope of scFv-8H9D4, a PAI-1 neutralizing antibody derivative.
Structures of new cyclic diarylheptanoids and inhibitors of nitric oxide production from Japanese folk medicine Acer nikoense.
Acupuncture versus placebo versus sumatriptan for early treatment of migraine attacks: a randomized controlled trial.
What's new in burn microbiology? James Laing Memorial Prize Essay 2000.
Current St John's wort research from mode of action to clinical efficacy.
The effect of electroacupuncture as an adjunct on cyclophosphamide-induced emesis in ferrets.
Diet wars II: how do the plans measure up?
An association between Helicobacter pylori infection and serum vitamin B12 levels in healthy adults.
Notoginseny cream in the treatment of phlebitis.
What's new in Alzheimer's disease?
A systematic review of the safety of black cohosh.
Botanical dietary supplement use in peri- and postmenopausal women.
Relationship between genetic polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma
Evaluation of aloe vera gel gloves in the treatment of dry skin associated with occupational exposure.
Serious adverse effects of unconventional therapies for children and adolescents: a systematic review of recent evidence.
Anti-inflammatory effects of a low arachidonic acid diet and fish oil in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
The relationship between cancer locus of control and complementary and alternative medicine use by women diagnosed with breast cancer.
Comparison of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. tincture and imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized trial.
The collagenolytic effects of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation, Han-Dan-Gan-Le, contribute to reversal of chemical-induced liver fibrosis in rats.
Low back pain--a community-based study of care-seeking and therapeutic effectiveness.
Acupuncture and smoking cessation: pinning down the claims.
When east meets west: the relationship between yin-yang and antioxidation-oxidation.
Olfactory experience mediates response to pain in preterm newborns.
Complementary and alternative medicine: core competencies for family nurse practitioners.
Are asthma sufferers at risk when consulting chiropractors over the Internet?
Plants with traditional uses and activities, relevant to the management of Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders.
Seasonal variation of the lipoidal matters and hypolipidaemic activity of the red alga Corallina officinalis L.
Hypoglycaemic effect of Opuntia lindheimeri Englem in a diabetic pig model.
Hepatoprotective and antihyperliposis activities of in vitro cultured Anoectochilus formosanus.
In vitro immunomodulatory activity of flavonoid glycosides from Urtica dioica L.
Anticonvulsant effect of FS-1 subfraction isolated from roots of Delphinim denudatum on hippocampal pyramidal neurons.
Antioxidant effect of polyamines on erythrocyte cell membrane lipoperoxidation after free-radical damage.
Prevention of diet-induced type 2 diabetes in the C57BL/6J mouse model by an antidiabetic herbal formula.
The effect of a water extract and anthocyanins of hibiscus sabdariffa L on paracetamol-induced hepatoxicity in rats.
The comparative effect of novel Pelargonium essential oils and their corresponding hydrosols as antimicrobial agents in a model food system.
Pycnogenol inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells.
Antiinvasive, antiangiogenic and antitumour activity of Ephedra sinica extract.
Effect of alcohol extract of Achyranthes aspera Linn. on acute and subacute inflammation.
Pharmacological activity of South American plants: effects on spontaneous in vivo lipid peroxidation.
Biological activities of synthetic saponins and cardiac glycosides.
Correction of haemorheological disturbances in myocardial infarction by diquertin and ascorbic acid.
Downregulation of hepatitis B surface antigen expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by HD-03, a polyherbal formulation.
Complementary and alternative medical therapies: implications for medical education.
Herbal remedies, dietary supplements, and seizures.
MMR vaccination advice over the Internet.
Evaluation of midwifery care: results from a survey in rural Guatemala.
Ethnic differences in choices of health information by cancer patients using complementary and alternative medicine: an exploratory study with correspondence analysis.
Making herbal medicines safe.
Herbal medicines for treatment of bacterial infections: a review of controlled clinical trials.
Homeopathic arnica for prevention of pain and bruising: randomized placebo-controlled trial in hand surgery.
Nephropathy associated with animal, plant, and chemical toxins in the tropics.
Ginger as an antiemetic during pregnancy.
Is acupuncture safe? A systematic review of case reports.
Does use of alternative medicine predict survival from cancer?
Comparison of fennel and mefenamic acid for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
Patterns and perceptions of care for treatment of back and neck pain: results of a national survey.
The effectiveness of standard care, early intervention, and occupational management in worker's compensation claims.
Crude extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza and salvianolic acid B enhance in vitro angiogenesis in murine SVR endothelial cell line.
Induction of growth hormone by the roots of Astragalus membranaceus in pituitary cell culture.
Alternative medicine use at Vila Central Hospital Vanuatu: a survey of the use of 'custom medicine' in patients and staff.
Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of triptolide, the principal active diterpenoid from the Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.
Assessment of the anti-inflammatory activity and free radical scavenger activity of tiliroside.
Konjac supplement alleviated hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic subjects--a randomized double-blind trial.
Systematic review of the quality of randomized controlled trials for patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Articular and muscular impairments in cervicogenic headache: a case report.
Treatment of fabella syndrome with manual therapy: a case report.
Garlic [Allium sativum]: a review of its potential use as an anti-cancer agent.
Synergy in plant medicines.
Biodynamic constituents in the Mexican morning glories: purgative remedies transcending boundaries.
Traditionally-used antimalarials from the Meliaceae.
Ethnobotany and natural products: the search for new molecules, new treatments of old diseases or a better understanding of indigenous cultures?
Hypericum perforatum, a source of neuroactive lead structures.
Novel diarylheptanoids of Alpinia blepharocalyx.
Chemical constituents and biological activities of Vietnamese medicinal plants.
Cardioprotective effects of extracts from Psidium guajava L and Limonium wrightii, Okinawan medicinal plants, against ischemia-reperfusion injury in perfused rat hearts.
Religiosity is associated with the use of complementary medical therapies by pediatric oncology patients.
Variable effects of American ginseng: a batch of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) with a depressed ginsenoside profile does not affect postprandial glycemia.
Relationship of urinary sodium/potassium excretion and calcium intake to blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension among older Chinese vegetarians.
Effect of diet on plasma total antioxidant status in phenylketonuric patients.
Anaphylaxis to Linum.
Perioperative medication management.
Evaluation of the analgesic and antiedematogenic activities of Quassia amara bark extract.
A cross-cultural study: anti-inflammatory activity of Australian and Chinese plants.
An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Zay people in Ethiopia.
Immunomodulatory activity of the aqueous extract from rhizome of Smilax glabra in the later phase of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats.
Anti-inflammatory activity of Chinese medicinal vine plants.
Anti-oxidant activities of the extracts from the herbs of Artemisia apiacea.
IDN 5082, a standardized extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza, delays acquisition of alcohol drinking behavior in rats.
CNS activity of the methanol extract of Mallotus peltatus (Geist) Muell Arg. leaf: an ethnomedicine of Onge.
Traditional healing with animals (zootherapy): medieval to present-day Levantine practice.
Traditional medicine in Bulamogi county, Uganda: its practitioners, users and viability.
Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of Clerodendrum petasites S. Moore.
Antidiabetic activity of Terminalia pallida fruit in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
Effects of ginger on motion sickness and gastric slow-wave dysrhythmias induced by circular vection.
Adjuvant effects of sugar cane extracts (SCE) in chickens.
A prospective, randomized pilot trial of acupuncture of the kidney-bladder distinct meridian for lower urinary tract symptoms.
Herbal stress buster?
Neurologic impairment in children associated with maternal dietary deficiency of cobalamin--Georgia, 2001.
Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on preexisting visual field damage in normal tension glaucoma.
Manual medicine in chronic pain -- evaluation of an inpatient medical concept
Use of complementary and alternative medicine by pediatric rheumatology patients.
Laser acupuncture and low-calorie diet during visceral obesity therapy after menopause.
Nurses who left the British NHS for private complementary medical practice: why did they leave? Would they return?
The effect of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and chicory (Cichorium intybus) on parasite intensities and performance of lambs naturally infected with helminth parasites.
Botanicals and dietary supplements in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Effects of Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) on rat fertility.
Asymmetric total synthesis of the proposed structure of the medicinal alkaloid jamtine using the chiral base approach.
Use of herbal medications among 200 psychiatric outpatients: prevalence, patterns of use, and potential dangers.
Suppressive effects of Perilla frutescens on IgA nephropathy in HIGA mice.
New methods of hormonal contraception.
Complementary and alternative therapies in childhood attention and hyperactivity problems.
The stubborn hip: idiopathic avascular necrosis of the hip.
Danish chiropractic patients then and now--a comparison between 1962 and 1999.
Do chiropractic colleges' off-campus clinical sites offer diverse opportunities for learning? A preliminary study.
Responsiveness of the Bournemouth and Oswestry questionnaires: a prospective pilot study.
Repeatability over time of posture, radiograph positioning, and radiograph line drawing: an analysis of six control groups.
Aberrant protective force generation during neural provocation testing and the effect of treatment in patients with neurogenic cervicobrachial pain.
Chiropractic management of chronic chest pain using mechanical force, manually assisted short-lever adjusting procedures.
Neurofibromatosis type I: clinical and imaging features of Von Recklinghausen's disease.
A comparison of methods of evaluating cervical range of motion.
Transient neonatal hypothyroidism due to a maternal vegan diet.
Evidence for exercise therapy in mechanical neck disorders.
Neuromuscular control of walking with chronic low-back pain.
Psychometric properties of the Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia and the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire in acute low back pain.
Does tape facilitate or inhibit the lower fibres of trapezius?
A survey of herbal use in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder or depression.
How does homeopathy work: are we looking in the right place?
Users of homeopaths in Norway in 1998, compared to previous users and GP patients.
Mutual information and the homeopathic effect.
Patient-practitioner-remedy (PPR) entanglement. Part 2: Extending the metaphor for homeopathy using molecular quantum theory.
Homeopathic treatment in emergency medicine: a case series.
20 years ago: British Homoeopathic Journal, January 1983.
Clinical outcomes research: contributions to the evidence base for homeopathy.
Depression in children and adolescents.
Wound healing effects of porcine placental extracts on rats with thermal injury.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of autologous blood therapy for atopic dermatitis.
Inhibition of human pathogenic fungi by ethnobotanically selected plant extracts.
A clinical pharmacological study of the potential beneficial effects of a propolis food product as an adjuvant in asthmatic patients.
The trials of alternative medicine.
Randomized controlled trials in pediatric complementary and alternative medicine: Where can they be found?
Kava-Kava administration reduces anxiety in perimenopausal women.
The role of chemical fingerprinting: application to Ephedra.
The relation of race to outcomes and the use of health care services for acute low back pain.
Attitudes towards science and alternative medicine of medical, economics and business, and electrical engineering students in Split, Croatia.
A novel trypsin inhibitor from Peltophorum dubium seeds, with lectin-like properties, triggers rat lymphoma cell apoptosis.
Electroacupuncture analgesia for colonoscopy. a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Surveillance study of Sinupret in comparison with data of the Mainz birth registry.
Aromatherapy for health professionals.
Sweet smell of success.
Culture and therapy: complementary strategies for the treatment of type-2 diabetes in an urban setting in Kerala, India.
Serum folate and Vitamin B12 levels in women using modern oral contraceptives (OC) containing 20 microg ethinyl estradiol.
Researching on new species of "Mate": Ilex brevicuspis: phytochemical and pharmacology study.
Oxidative-stress-related changes in the livers of bile-duct-ligated rats.
2002--a year of harvest for entrepreneurs within alternative medicine
Identification and characterisation of the chinese herb Langdu by LC-MS/MS analysis.
An integrative approach to eczema (atopic dermatitis).
A 57-year-old man with osteoarthritis of the knee.
Pressure applied on the extra 1 acupuncture point reduces bispectral index values and stress in volunteers.
Maintaining cognitive function with diet.
An fMRI study comparing brain activation between word generation and electrical stimulation of language-implicated acupoints.
Alzheimer's disease: emerging noncholinergic treatments.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) can reduce postoperative analgesic consumption. A meta-analysis with assessment of optimal treatment parameters for postoperative pain.
Policy and ethical issues in applying medical biotechnology in developing countries.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine by patients with localized prostate carcinoma: study at a single institute in Japan.
Garlic as an antioxidant: the good, the bad and the ugly.
Inhibitory effects of Vietnamese medicinal plants on tube-like formation of human umbilical venous cells.
Evaluation of a soybean product fujiflavone P40 as an antiosteoporotic agent in rats.
Anti-influenza virus activity of crude extract of Ribes nigrum L.
In vitro antiplasmodial evaluation of medicinal plants from Zimbabwe.
Isolation, characterization and biological activity of betulinic acid and ursolic acid from Vitex negundo L.
Effects of intraduodenal application of peppermint oil (WS(R) 1340) and caraway oil (WS(R) 1520) on gastroduodenal motility in healthy volunteers.
Effect of oral administration ofHypericum perforatum extract (St. John's Wort) on skin erythema and pigmentation induced by UVB, UVA, visible light and solar simulated radiation.
Inhibitory effects of Oren-Gedoku-To (Huanglian-Jie-Du-Tang) on free radical-induced lysis of human red blood cells.
Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hypericum rumeliacum subsp. apollinis (Boiss. & Heldr.).
Cytotoxic activity of chalcones isolated from lonchocarpus sericeus (pocr.) kunth.
Inhibitory effects of triterpenes isolated from Hoelen on free radical-induced lysis of red blood cells.
Effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of Spatholobi caulis on tumour cell aggregation and migration.
Cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones from Centaurothamnus maximus and Vicoa pentanema.
Panax notoginseng (Burk.) effects on fibrinogen and lipid plasma level in rats fed on a high-fat diet.
A new bioactive steroidal saponin from Sansevieria cylindrica.
The in vivo antifungal activity of the aqueous extract from Nigella sativa seeds.
Endothelium-dependent contraction of rat thoracic aorta induced by gallic acid.
Antifungal, antioxidant and larvicidal activities of compounds isolated from the heartwood of Mansonia gagei.
Screening of some Greek aromatic plants for antioxidant activity.
Providing care options: traditional medicine and alternative treatments come together.
Taking St John's wort during pregnancy.
3: Rehabilitation principles for treating chronic musculoskeletal injuries.
Tripterugium wilfordii multiglucoside-treated case of sensory perineuritis.
Homeopathy in multiple sclerosis.
Provision of acupuncture in a university health centre--a clinical audit.
Most alternative therapies not so hot for hot flashes.
The effects of Panax ginseng on quality of life.
Salvia officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial.
Homeopathic use of modern medicines: utilisation of the curative rebound effect.
Diet & nutrition. Risks of herbal therapies...and a caution about "skinny pill for kids".
Effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of anaesthetized rats.
Biotransformation of 4(20),11-taxadienes by cell suspension cultures of Platycodon grandiflorum.
Two new triterpenoid saponiins from Adina pilulifera.
Uvamalols D-G: novel polyoxygenated seco-cyclohexenes from the roots of Uvaria macrophylla.
Glycosyl flavonoids from the roots and rhizomes of Asarum longerhizomatosum.
Two new pterocarpenes from Hedysarum multijugum.
Irritant potential of some constituents from the seeds of Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) fleming.
Further studies on the synthesis of 7,17-seco norditerpenoid alkaloids.
Bioactive triterpenoids from Symplocos chinensis.
A new biologically active flavone glycoside from the seeds of Cassia fistula (Linn.).
Two new methyl chanofruticosinates from Kopsia flavida blume.
Two new monoterpenoid glycosides from Mentha spicata L.
The short-term effects of fasting on the neuroendocrine system in patients with chronic pain syndromes.
Two new nor-triterpene glycosides from peruvian "Uña de Gato" (Uncaria tomentosa).
Hormone replacement therapy: current controversies.
Acupuncture anaesthesia in inguinal hernia repair.
Cultivation of Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) nuttal and quality of CR extract BNO 1055.
Phytoestrogens: endocrine disrupters or replacement for hormone replacement therapy?
Soy isoflavones: hope or hype?
In vitro effects of the Cimicifuga racemosa extract BNO 1055.
Pharmacology of Cimicifuga racemosa extract BNO 1055 in rats: bone, fat and uterus.
Cimicifuga extract BNO 1055: reduction of hot flushes and hints on antidepressant activity.
Cimicifuga racemosa for the treatment of hot flushes in women surviving breast cancer.
The Cimicifuga preparation BNO 1055 vs. conjugated estrogens in a double-blind placebo-controlled study: effects on menopause symptoms and bone markers.
Chemoprevention of lung carcinogenesis by cacao liquor proanthocyanidins in a male rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model.
Bilateral pneumothorax and tamponade after acupuncture
A randomized double blind, placebo controlled trial of topical Tripterygium wilfordii in rheumatoid arthritis: reanalysis using logistic regression analysis.
A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial of a topical cream containing glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and camphor for osteoarthritis of the knee.
Hormones for menopause: what might the east teach the west?
Consensus statement: Expedition Inspiration fund for breast cancer research meeting 2002.
Can CAM therapies help reduce antibiotic resistance?
A case of early renal functional impairment resolved with nutrients and botanicals.
Astragalus membranaceus. Monograph.
Use of complementary and alternative medical therapies among children with special health care needs in southern Arizona.
The sweet cake that reaches parts other cakes can't!
Radioprotective Effect of Panax ginseng on the Phosphatases and Lipid Peroxidation Level in Testes of Swiss Albino Mice.
A guest editorial: complementary and alternative medicine and women's health--time to catch up!
Varieties of health services utilization by underserved Mexican American women.
Going to pot.
A critical overview of homeopathy.
Nostalgic and nostophobic referencing and the authentication of nurses' use of complementary therapies.
Hypertension and stress
Indian medicinal plants as a reservoir of protective phytochemicals.
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Neurologic impairment in children associated with maternal dietary deficiency of cobalamin--Georgia, 2001.
Effects of Helichrysum ceres extracts on renal function and blood pressure in the rat.
A preliminary controlled study to determine whether whole-plant cannabis extracts can improve intractable neurogenic symptoms.
Authors reply to comments on "Line patterns in the mosaic electric properties of human skin--a cross correlation study.".
Delayed onset muscle soreness : treatment strategies and performance factors.
Clinicopathologic reports, case reports, and small case series: peripheral pigmented corneal ring: a new finding in hypercarotenemia.
A systematic review of pneumatic compression for treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and venous ulcers.
How to improve communication between physicians and cancer patients about use of complementary and alternative medicine?
Totally wild for Aloe vera. Is all only marketing or what?
Putting research into practice: behavioral and pharmacologic management of dementia.
Complementary and alternative medicine: the need for data.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine perspectives for complementary and alternative medicine research in cardiovascular diseases.
Predictive factors and timing for liver recurrence after curative resection of gastric carcinoma.
Comments on the common cold.
Influence of willow bark extract on cyclooxygenase activity and on tumor necrosis factor alpha or interleukin 1 beta release in vitro and ex vivo.
Dr Reiter: the "Third" and "Fourth" Reich.
Use and implications of ethnomedical health care approaches among Central American immigrants.
Notions of HIV and medication among multiethnic people living with HIV.
Relationships among older patients, CAM practitioners, and physicians: the advantages of qualitative inquiry.
Chemical constituents from the infusion of Zollernia ilicifolia Vog. and comparison with Maytenus species.
An overview on the advances of Gymnema sylvestre: chemistry, pharmacology and patents.
Efficacy and tolerability of Boswellia serrata extract in treatment of osteoarthritis of knee--a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial.
Investigation of the pharmaceutical and pharmacological equivalence of different Hawthorn extracts.
The effects of Coptidis Rhizoma extract on a hypercholesterolemic animal model.
C-Med 100, a hot water extract of Uncaria tomentosa, prolongs lymphocyte survival in vivo.
Inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes-induced mediators of inflammation by Indian herbs.
Effects of aqueous extracts of Halimeda incrassata (Ellis) Lamouroux and Bryothamnion triquetrum (S.G.Gmelim) Howe on hydrogen peroxide and methyl mercury-induced oxidative stress in GT1-7 mouse hypothalamic immortalized cells.
Toxicological evaluations of long-term consumption of Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill fruits in male and female adult rats.
Ethanolic extracts of Euphorbia and other ethnobotanical species as inhibitors of human tumour cell growth.
Antimicrobial activity of various extracts and carvacrol from Lippia multiflora leaf extract.
The effect of an extract of Salvadora persica (Meswak, chewing stick) on fertility of male and female mice.
Medicinal properties of Echinacea: a critical review.
Manual therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis: a comprehensive physical therapy approach.
Functional rehabilitation for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.
Preventive effects of urinary bladder tumors induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine in rat by green tea leaves.
Advances and controversies in medical treatment of depression
Acupuncture and substance abuse: a synopsis, with indications for further research.
Effectiveness of herbal drugs
Creatine supplementation affects glucose homeostasis but not insulin secretion in humans.
Recent development of antitumor agents from chinese herbal medicines; part I. Low molecular compounds.
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity of lectins from Narcissus species.
Constituents of sage (Salvia officinalis) with in vitro affinity to human brain benzodiazepine receptor.
The mechanism of inhibitory actions of S-petasin, a sesquiterpene of Petasites formosanus, on L-type calcium current in NG108-15 neuronal cells.
The depressor and vasodilator effects of rutaecarpine are mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide.
Honokiol ameliorates cerebral infarction from ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
Pharmacological effects of (+)-nantenine, an alkaloid isolated from Platycapnos spicata, in several rat isolated tissues.
Two new protopines argemexicaines A and B and the anti-HIV alkaloid 6-acetonyldihydrochelerythrine from formosan Argemone mexicana.
In vitro anti-influenza virus activity of isoquinoline alkaloids from thalictrum species.
Coumarins and carbazoles from Clausena excavata exhibited antimycobacterial and antifungal activities.
Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium from Croatia and France.
In vitro studies on the mechanism of action of two compounds with antiplasmodial activity: ellagic acid and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl(6'-O-aalloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside.
In vitro cytotoxic elemanolides from Vernonia lasiopus.
Cytotoxic activity of natural labdanes and their semi-synthetic modified derivatives from Croton oblongifolius.
Pulsatilloside A and anemoside A3 protect PC12 cells from apoptosis induced by sodium cyanide and glucose deprivation.
Jatrophane diterpenes from the latex of Euphorbia obtusifolia with inhibitory activity on the mammalian mitochondrial respiratory chain.
Vasorelaxing properties and bio-guided fractionation of Cedrelopsis grevei.
Sesquiterpene lactones from Taraxacum obovatum.
Inhibition of mutagenicity of food-derived heterocyclic amines by sulphoraphene--an isothiocyanate isolated from radish.
Identification of bulb from Fritillaria cirrhosa by PCR with specific primers.
Does acupuncture influence the cardiac autonomic nervous system in patients with minor depression or anxiety disorders?
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): a review of efficacy and safety.
Hospital policies regarding herbal medicines.
Use of unconventional therapies by individuals with multiple sclerosis.
Iso-S-petasin, a hypotensive sesquiterpene from Petasites formosanus, depresses cardiac contraction and intracellular Ca2+ transients in adult rat ventricular myocytes.
Homeopathy: a potent alternative.
Homeopathic treatment for premenstrual symptoms.
Soy protein and isoflavone effects on vasomotor symptoms in peri- and postmenopausal women: the Soy Estrogen Alternative Study.
A phase II trial of green tea in the treatment of patients with androgen independent metastatic prostate carcinoma.
Antioxidant activity of Paraguayan plant extracts.
Ethnobotanical knowledge of local Arab practitioners in the Middle Eastern region.
Dietary and medicinal antimutagens and anticarcinogens: molecular mechanisms and chemopreventive potential--highlights of a symposium.
Experimental and epidemiological evidence on non-organ specific cancer preventive effect of Korean ginseng and identification of active compounds.
Molecular mechanisms of cardioprotection by a novel grape seed proanthocyanidin extract.
Chemoprevention of colon cancer by Korean food plant components.
New TNF-alpha releasing inhibitors as cancer preventive agents from traditional herbal medicine and combination cancer prevention study with EGCG and sulindac or tamoxifen.
A pilot trial of piracetam and ginkgo biloba for the treatment of cocaine dependence.
Long-term results of multimodal therapy for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
Mechanisms of the protective action of plant preparation erakond in influenza
Quality, efficacy and safety of complementary medicines: fashions, facts and the future. Part I. Regulation and quality.
Pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the Montseny biosphere reserve (Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula). General results and new or rarely reported medicinal plants.
Acupuncture for gastrointestinal disorders.
Rhein inhibits TPA-induced activator protein-1 activation and cell transformation by blocking the JNK-dependent pathway.
The Oregon Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine career development program: innovation in research training for complementary and alternative medicine.
Acupuncture: a physician's primer, Part II.
Homeopathy for childhood diarrhea: combined results and metaanalysis from three randomized, controlled clinical trials.
Topical treatment of atopic dermatitis with Hypericum cream. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind half-side comparison study
Manipulation of the cervical spine.
The effect of postoperative ataralgesia by manual therapy after pulmonary resection.
Spinal manipulation for low-back pain: a treatment package agreed to by the UK chiropractic, osteopathy and physiotherapy professional associations.
Control subjects in whiplash studies.
Interactions of herbs with cytochrome P450.
Ethnobotanical knowledge shared widely among Tsimane' Amerindians, Bolivia.
The status of plasma homocysteine and related B-vitamins in healthy young vegetarians and nonvegetarians.
Topical hemostatic effect of a common ornamental plant, the geraniaceae Pelargonium zonale.
Even in advanced heart failure, hawthorn improves physical capacity
The relative safety of ephedra compared with other herbal products.
Summaries for patients. Ephedra is associated with more adverse effects than other herbs.
Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects of short-term Ginkgo biloba.
Andrew Taylor Still and the birth of osteopathy (Baldwin, Kansas, USA, 1855).
Cultural categorization of febrile illnesses in correlation with herbal remedies used for treatment in Southwestern Nigeria.
Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of Eugenia jambolana in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits.
An evaluation of the activity related to inflammation of four plants used in Thailand to treat arthritis.
Ethnomedical field study in northern Peruvian Andes with particular reference to divination practices.
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in the polyherbal formulation Maharasnadhi Quathar.
Medicinal use and social status of the soap berry endod (Phytolacca dodecandra) in Ethiopia.
Inhibition of human pathogenic fungi by members of Zingiberaceae used by the Kenyah (Indonesian Borneo).
Germinated barley foodstuff, a prebiotic product, ameliorates inflammation of colitis through modulation of the enteric environment.
Controlling blood sugar with nutrients & botanicals.
Acupuncture. Essential information for nurse practitioners.
Bioactive natural compounds for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in reproductive-age women: a review of randomized controlled trials.
Manual therapy and exercise therapy in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized, controlled trial with 1-year follow-up.
Legumes: importance and constraints to greater use.
Studies on the marker compounds for standardization of traditional Chinese medicine "polyporus sclerotium ([symbol: see text])"
A retrospective analysis of the results of obstetric acupuncture at Frederiksberg Hospital
Neural mechanism of acupuncture-induced gastric relaxations in rats.
Mercury vapor inhalation from Chinese red (Cinnabar).
Acupuncture in chronic back pain. Background, development and design of the German Acupuncture Trial (gerac-cLBP)
Formation of the International Federation of Professional Aromatherapists (IFPA). An interview with Linda Orton-Jay.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids.
Chinese herbal medicines.
Herbal medicine and anaesthesia.
A response to 'Herbal medicines - harmless or harmful?', Sehgal A, Hall JE, Anaesthesia 2002; 57: 947-8.
The use of antioxidant therapies during chemotherapy.
Screening of antioxidant activity of three Indian medicinal plants, traditionally used for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of Sphaeranthus senegalensis.
Studies on pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the region of Pallars (Pyrenees, Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula). Part II. New or very rare uses of previously known medicinal plants.
Studies on pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the region of Pallars (Pyrenees, Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula). Part III. Medicinal uses of non-vascular plants.
The malian medicinal plant Trichilia emetica; studies on polysaccharides with complement fixing ability.
Sensory stimulation in dementia. Cause of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia needs to be established first.
Complementary medicine and challenges for Western medical practice.
Does a doctor have a duty to provide information and advice about complementary and alternative medicine?
Chinese dragon or toothless tiger? Regulating the professional competence of traditional Chinese medicine practitioners.
Obligation to advise of options for treatment--medical doctors and complementary and alternative medicine practitioners.
Diseases of civilization and a nosological principle of medicine in terms of general pathology
Effect of different dietary levels of Yucca schidigera powder on the performance, blood parameters and egg yolk cholesterol of laying quails.
In vitro screening of two Nigerian medicinal plants (Vernonia amygdalina and Annona senegalensis) for anthelmintic activity.
Ginger does not prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery.
Charles W. Dohner, PhD: an evaluator and mentor in medical education.
MMW questions colleagues about prescriptions. How to manage children with otitis media? (interview by Thomas Meissner)
Comparative evaluation of efficacy of treating giardiasis with drug- or phytotherapy
An investigation into the efficacy of Scutellaria lateriflora in healthy volunteers.
The power of sound: ethnomedical tradition and modern science.
Effects of supplementation with purified red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones on plasma lipids and insulin resistance in healthy premenopausal women.
Modification of radiation response in mice by ginsenosides, active components of Panax ginseng.
Effects of Cupressus sempervirens cone extract on lipid parameters in Wistar rats.
A report of clinical trial conducted on Toto ointment and soap products.
Complications following vertebral manipulation-a survey of a French region physicians
Preconditioned somatothermal stimulation on median nerve territory increases myocardial heat shock protein 70 and protects rat hearts against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Is aloe vera effective for healing chronic wounds?
Mapping the themes of Maori talk about health.
Lack of effect of Rhodiola or oxygenated water supplementation on hypoxemia and oxidative stress.
Efficacy of rehabilitative therapy in regional musculoskeletal conditions.
Chiropractic care: attempting a risk-benefit analysis.
Chiropractic care: a flawed risk-benefit analysis?
Psycho-neuro-immunological treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with major depression--a single case report.
Menthol: effects on nasal sensation of airflow and the drive to breathe.
A medical compound derived from herbs.
Nonpigmenting solitary fixed drug eruption caused by a Chinese traditional herbal medicine, ma huang (Ephedra Hebra), mainly containing pseudoephedrine and ephedrine.
Acupuncture for the treatment of obesity: a review of the evidence.
Finding health in folklore, herbs and supplements: the good, the bad & the ugly. Part III--the ugly.
The use of complementary and alternative health care practices among children.
Bioenergetic approaches for neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease.
The promise of aromatherapy. Essential oils have been shown in clinical trials to soothe some chronic ills brought on by old age.
Pharyngitis. Thus treated by colleagues. From care to antibiotics
Complementary health and healing in nursing education.
New developments in migraine prophylaxis.
The influence of isorel on the advanced colorectal cancer.
Immunomodulatory effects of orally administered cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis.
Effect of acupuncture on the neutrophil respiratory burst: a placebo-controlled single-blinded study.
The impact of site specificity and needle manipulation on changes to pain pressure threshold following manual acupuncture: a controlled study.
Postmodern values, attitudes and the use of complementary medicine.
Developing a measure of attitudes: the holistic complementary and alternative medicine questionnaire.
The use of CAM by HIV-positive patients in Thailand.
Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson's disease model.
Individualised homeopathy as an adjunct in the treatment of childhood asthma: a randomised placebo controlled trial.
Chiropractic in the United States: trends and issues.
Acupoints massage in improving the quality of sleep and quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease.
Acute vertigo following cervical manipulation.
Mammographic densities in a one-year isoflavone intervention.
Protective effect of Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang) on the injury associated with hepatic ischaemia reperfusion.
Protective effect of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and other antioxidants on lipid peroxidation in gerbil brain homogenates.
Anxiolytic properties of Piper methysticum extract samples and fractions in the chick social-separation-stress procedure.
In vitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to isoquinoline alkaloids from Sanguinaria canadensis and Hydrastis canadensis.
Protection of jejunal crypts by RH-3 (a preparation of Hippophae rhamnoides) against lethal whole body gamma irradiation.
Antibacterial and antifungal activity of juniper berry oil and its selected components.
HIV-1 integrase inhibitory substances from Coleus parvifolius.
Anti-allergic effect of Perilla frutescens and its active constituents.
Pharmacological activities of stromata of Cordyceps scarabaecola.
The protective effects of Propolis on hepatic injury and its mechanism.
Antinociceptive and antipyretic activities of Pongamia pinnata leaves.
Evaluation of wound healing activity of some herbal formulations.
Mutagenic and antimutagenic potential of the medicinal plants M. laevigata and C. xanthocarpa.
Activity of Zanthoxylum clava-herculis extracts against multi-drug resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (mdr-MRSA).
Correction of the high blood viscosity syndrome by a mixture of Diquertin and Ascorbic Acid in vitro and in vivo.
The protective effect of Allium sativum L. clove aqueous and methanolic extracts against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice.
In vitro cytotoxicity activity of Diosquinone, a naphthoquinone epoxide.
Brazilian propolis: physicochemical properties, plant origin and antibacterial activity on periodontopathogens.
The activity against leukocyte eicosanoid generation of essential oil and polar fractions of Adesmia boronioides Hook.f.
Mitigation of thyroxine-induced hyperglycaemia by two plant extracts.
Fluoxetine versus Vitex agnus castus extract in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
The vagus nerve, macrophages, and nicotine.
The use of antioxidants with first-line chemotherapy in two cases of ovarian cancer.
Nitric oxide in the gracile nucleus mediates depressor response to acupuncture (ST36).
Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Rhodiola rosea.
Effect of Hochu-ekki-to on asymptomatic MRSA bacteriuria.
Current therapies for xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction associated with cancer therapies.
Clinical and immunomodulatory effects of fun-boi, an herbal medicine, on collagen-induced arthritis in vivo.
Saw palmetto for prostate disorders.
Attitude of medical students to the introduction of complementary medicine into the medical curriculum in Israel.
Side-effects associated with acupuncture and a sham treatment: perhaps we should take a closer look at what is really responsible?
Amulets and tears.
Gas discharge visualization evaluation of ultramolecular doses of homeopathic medicines under blinded, controlled conditions.
Homeopathic practitioner views of changes in patients undergoing constitutional treatment for chronic disease.
Pharmacists' patterns of use, knowledge, and attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicine.
Use of complementary and alternative therapies by patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Trigger point--acupuncture point correlations revisited.
Clinical trials of classical homeopathy: reflections on appropriate research designs.
Quality assessment of physical research in homeopathy.
Controlled clinical trials evaluating the homeopathic treatment of people with human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
The reporting of clinical acupuncture research: what do clinicians need to know?
Reporting of clinical details in randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for the treatment of migraine/headaches and nausea/vomiting.
Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: a component of tumeric (Curcuma longa).
Plasma levels of hypericin in presence of procyanidin B2 and hyperoside: a pharmacokinetic study in rats.
Recent development of antitumor agents from Chinese herbal medicines. Part II. High molecular compounds(3).
Studies on the antioxidative activity of phloroglucinol derivatives isolated from hypericum species.
Natural phenylpropanoids protect endothelial cells against oxidized LDL-induced cytotoxicity.
Calcaelin, a new protein with translation-inhibiting, antiproliferative and antimitogenic activities from the mosaic puffball mushroom Calvatia caelata.
Antitumor activity of flavones isolated from Artemisia argyi.
Pyranocoumarins isolated from Peucedanum praeruptorum as differentiation inducers in human leukemic HL-60 cells.
Effects of ginsenoside Rd and decursinol on the neurotoxic responses induced by kainic acid in mice.
Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance by protopanaxatriol ginsenosides from Korean red ginseng.
New adjacent Bis-tetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins from Annona muricata.
Biflavonoids with cytotoxic and antibacterial activity from Ochna macrocalyx.
New diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Salvia candelabrum.
New dihydrobenzofurans and triterpenoids from roots of Microglossa pyrifolia.
Alpha-onocerin: an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor from Lycopodium clavatum.
Antiplatelet activities of aporphine alkaloids isolated from leaves of Magnolia obovata.
Radical scavenging glycoprotein inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 and thromboxane A2 synthase from aloe vera gel.
New cytotoxic triterpene acids from aboveground parts of Manihot esculenta from the Suriname rainforest.
Antibacterial activity and chemical composition of essential oil of Chrysanthemum boreale.
Antibacterial evaluation of cnicin and some natural and semisynthetic analogues.
Composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Satureja parnassica subsp parnassica.
Enzymatic preparation of ginsenosides Rg2, Rh1, and F1 from protopanaxatriol-type ginseng saponin mixture.
Isolation and X-ray study of an anti-inflammatory active androstene steroid from Acacia nilotica.
Ethics in action. HIV patient wants "natural" therapy.
QUICKI is a useful index of insulin sensitivity in subjects with hypertension.
Effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn) on level and function of natural killer cells in cervical cancer patients with radiotherapy.
Antibacterial medicinal plants Equiseti herba and Ononidis radix modulate micronucleus formation in human lymphocytes in vitro.
Studies on correlation of antimutagenic and antiproliferative activities of Juglans regia L.
Optimising postoperative pain management in the ambulatory patient.
Surfing, self-medicating and safety: buying non-prescription and complementary medicines via the internet.
Acupoint stimulation using bee venom attenuates formalin-induced pain behavior and spinal cord fos expression in rats.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine by arthritis patients in a university hospital clinic serving rheumatology patients in Korea.
Effects of astragali radix on the growth of different cancer cell lines.
Experimental study on ultrasound-guided intratumoral injection of "Star-99" in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma of nude mice.
A kindling model of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy in Sprague-Dawley rats induced by Coriaria lactone and its possible mechanism.
Effect of Cogent db, a herbal drug, on serum and tissue lipid metabolism in experimental hyperglycaemic rats.
Treating hot flushes without hormone replacement therapy.
What nonhormonal therapies are effective for postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms?
What treatments are effective for varicose veins?
Managing lower urinary tract symptoms in men.
Alternative medicine--attitudes and use among physicians, nurses and administrative staff employed in hospitals in northern Norway
Mental distress and use of alternative medicine among cancer patients
Does use of alternative medicine aggravate the survival prognosis in cancer?
Use of alternative medicine in Norwegian hospitals
Reinventing the wheel will not make it rounder: controlled trials of homeopathy reconsidered.
The "author" of the Nei Ching.
Missing the (acu) point.
Antiplasmodial activity of alkaloid extracts from Pavetta crassipes (K. Schum) and Acanthospermum hispidum (DC), two plants used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso.
The medial medullary infarction (Dejerine syndrome) following chiropractic neck manipulation
Vertebral artery occlusion following neck trauma: report of two cases
Chalcones (1,3-diarylpropen-1-ones) and their analogs as potential therapeutic agents in cardiovascular system diseases
Therapeutic and toxicologic aspects of biological effects of Saint John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.)
Herbal therapy use by perimenopausal women.
Homeopathy and women's health care.
Use of home remedies among patients presenting to family physicians.
Gastroduodenal ulcer protective activity of Asparagus racemosus: an experimental, biochemical and histological study.
Antinociceptive effect and toxicological study of the aqueous bark extract of Barringtonia racemosa on rats.
Effect of Catha edulis on plasma glucose and C-peptide in both type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics.
Antibacterial activity of two plant extracts on eight burn pathogens.
Medicinal plant diversity and use in the highlands of Dolakha district, Nepal.
The gastroprotective activity of the ethanol extract of Ageratum conyzoides.
Pharmacokinetics of a novel anti-asthmatic, scoparone, in the rabbit serum assessed by a simple HPLC method.
Immobilization of the distal hinge in the labile serpin plasminogen activator inhibitor 1: identification of a transition state with distinct conformational and functional properties.
Protective Mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity in Rats.
Paleopharmacology and pollen: theory, method, and application.
Ginkgo biloba works in healthy persons, too. Older people feel more mentally fit
Alternative medicine ain't disco.
Otitis media. Antibiotics or homeopathy?
Maintenance therapy prevents recurrence. Antidepressive drugs are mostly discontinued too soon
Electro-acupuncture stimulation effects on duodenal motility in anesthetized rats.
Alternative medicine for glaucoma.
Vegetarian diets and wound healing.
Cholesterol-lowering properties of amaranth grain and oil in hamsters.
Aromas of rosemary and lavender essential oils differentially affect cognition and mood in healthy adults.
Traditional therapies of Belize.
Complementary medicine use among women enrolled in a genetic testing program.
Visual cortical activations on fMRI upon stimulation of the vision-implicated acupoints.
Simultaneous bilateral internal carotid and vertebral artery dissection following chiropractic manipulation: case report and review of the literature.
Use of complementary/alternative medicine among paediatric patients.
Diagnosis and treatment of neuropathic pain.
Erysipeloid cutaneous leishmaniasis: treatment with a new, topical, pure herbal extract.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine by children in the United States.
The dietary hydroxycinnamate caffeic acid and its conjugate chlorogenic acid increase vitamin e and cholesterol concentrations in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Black cohosh and other herbal remedies associated with acute hepatitis.
Cost analysis of Shenqi Fuzheng injection on reducing adverse effects during chemotherapy
Panel discussions about CAM and research: science friction.
A pilot study addressing the effect of aromatherapy massage on mood, anxiety and relaxation in adult mental health.
Nutrition for health promotion: phytochemicals, functional foods, and alternative approaches to combat obesity.
Motivations and influences on the use of complementary medicine in patients with localized prostate cancer treated with curative intent: results of a pilot study.
The genesis of a phyto-pharmaceutical industry (Mark II).
Chronic fatigue syndrome - medical fact or artifact.
Paranormal phenomena in the medical literature sufficient smoke to warrant a search for fire.
Medical management of urolithiasis, what opportunity for phytotherapy?
Antinociceptive properties of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Labiatae) in mice.
Black tea extract and dental caries formation in hamsters.
Acupuncture analgesia. The Danish Medical Society of Acupuncture
Beyond Medline: reducing bias through extended systematic review search.
Sino-cerebral aspergillosis due to chronic herbal medicine use.
Complementary medicine in gastroenterology: more than a fad?
Health tips. Nondrug arthritis treatments.
Vegetarian diets. Consider the benefits.
Missing the (acu) point.
Quantitative feedback versus standard training for cervical and thoracic manipulation.
Increasing the cervical lordosis with chiropractic biophysics seated combined extension-compression and transverse load cervical traction with cervical manipulation: nonrandomized clinical control trial.
The use of electromagnetic tracking technology for measurement of passive cervical range of motion: a pilot study.
Calibration and electrical safety status of therapeutic ultrasound used by chiropractic physicians.
Contribution of ribcage movement to thoracolumbar posteroanterior stiffness.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm: an illustrated narrative review.
Spondylolysis of L2 in identical twins.
A structural chiropractic approach to the management of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.
Unresolving hip tendonitis leads to discovery of malignant tumor.
Evaluating the quality of clinical practice guidelines.
Commonly used natural products, efficacy, and potential hazards.
Therapeutic management of osteoarthritis in the beginning of the third millennium. Part II: non pharmacological strategies
On equivalence trials and alternative medicine.
Choanal atresia: an unusual serious complication of complementary and alternative medical treatment.
Homeopathic vs conventional treatment of vertigo.
Mindfulness-based stress reduction lowers psychological distress in medical students.
Metal intolerance. A frequent condition, but difficult to diagnose
Agaricus blazei (Himematsutake) does not alter the development of rat diethylnitrosamine-initiated hepatic preneoplastic foci.
Congenital and acquired brain injury. 4. New frontiers: neuroimaging, neuroprotective agents, cognitive-enhancing agents, new technology, and complementary medicine.
Interventions in chronic pain management. 3. New frontiers in pain management: complementary techniques.
Interventions in chronic pain management. 4. Medications in pain management.
Implementing aromatherapy in nursing and midwifery practice.
Herbal medicines for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review.
Suppressive effects of PG201, an ethanol extract from herbs, on collagen-induced arthritis in mice.
Artemisinin, a novel antimalarial drug: biochemical and molecular approaches for enhanced production.
Effects of baicalin on the gene expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A) in lung adenocarcinoma cell line H441.
Positive cooperation of protoberberine type 2 alkaloids from Corydalis cava on the GABA(A) binding site.
3-O-methylquercetin more selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase subtype 3.
Antifungal and antioxidant compounds from the root bark of Fagara zanthoxyloides.
Isolation of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin from Actinidia arguta as bone marrow cell proliferation promoting compounds.
A new in vitro tissue factor inhibitory triterpene from the fruits of Chaenomeles sinensis.
Stimulatory effect of paeoniflorin on adenosine release to increase the glucose uptake into white adipocytes of Wistar rat.
Effects of curcumin on cyclosporine-induced cholestasis and hypercholesterolemia and on cyclosporine metabolism in the rat.
Growth and ginsenoside production in hairy root cultures of Panax ginseng using a novel bioreactor.
New antimicrobial alkaloids from the roots of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula.
Eremophilenolides and other constituents from the roots of Ligularia sagitta.
Three new jatrophane-type diterpenes from Euphorbia pubescens.
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of a mixture of fatty acids isolated and purified from sugar cane wax oil.
Ostruthin: an antimycobacterial coumarin from the roots of Peucedanum ostruthium.
Antibacterial alkaloids from Zanthoxylum rhoifolium.
Two cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones from the leaves of Xanthium strumarium and their in vitro inhibitory activity on farnesyltransferase.
Apoptosis-inducing properties of ent-kaurene-type diterpenoids from the liverwort Jungermannia truncata
Glucosinolates in Moringa stenopetala.
First isolation of a symmetrical glycosylated methylene bisflavonoid.
Notes from the 2002 American Society of Anesthesiologists annual meeting.
The art of the sitz bath.
Homeopathy for the childbirth attendant.
Lessons from one of the last Tica midwives.
Pharmacological and phytochemical evaluation of Adiantum ceneatum growing in Brazil.
Hepatoprotective effect of Angelica archangelica in chronically ethanol-treated mice.
Use of electroacupuncture in the treatment of vibration diseases
Flavonoids from Artocarpus lanceifolius.
Isolation of sesquiterpenoids from sponge Dysidea avara and chemical modification of avarol as potential antitumor agents.
Antiplatelet and anti-HIV constituents from Euchresta formosana.
A new eudesmane type sesquiterpene from Inula viscosa.
A new conformer of 20-hydroxyecdysone from Sesuvium portulacastrum: an x-ray crystallographic study.
Aromatic monoterpenoid glycosides from Cruciata taurica.
Synthesis and biological screening of 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one, 7-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2H-chromen-2-one and their some derivatives.
Antitrichomonas in vitro activity of Cussonia holstii Engl.
Variability in phenolic composition of Hypericum androsaemum.
On the ent-kaurene diterpenes from Sideritis athoa.
Characteristics associated with alcohol consumption in Germany.
Two flavone C-glycosides from the style of Zea mays with glycation inhibitory activity.
Cost effectiveness of physiotherapy, manual therapy, and general practitioner care for neck pain: economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial.
Has garlic earned its healthy reputation?
Herbal remedies: renal tragedies.
The effectiveness of low-calorie diet or diet with acupuncture treatment in obese peri- and postmenopausal women
Traditional and complementary/alternative medicine (TM/CAM): where does it stand?
Homeopaths need to show-and-tell.
Treatment with individualized homeopathic remedies unsuccessful.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of classical homeopathy in generalized anxiety disorder.
Absence of genotoxicity of a phytotherapeutic extract from Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville in somatic and germ cells of Drosophila melanogaster.
Effect of medications and acupuncture on indicators of a bioenergetigram of bronchial asthma patients
Homeopathy as an integral part of maternity care--why not?
A clinical trial of the effect of a mouth-rinse prepared with Lippia sidoides Cham essential oil in dogs with mild gingival disease.
A national study of the effect of chronic pain on the use of health care by depressed persons.
Common complementary and alternative therapies for yeast vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review.
Herbal and complementary medicine in chronic prostatitis.
Fatal fulminant hepatic failure induced by a natural therapy containing kava.
Pharmacotherapy of painful diabetic neuropathy.
Urinary tract infections and acupuncture.
Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa.
Protective effect of a polyherbal formulation (Immu-21) against cyclophosphamide-induced mutagenicity in mice.
Glutathione S-transferases and malondialdehyde in the liver of NOD mice on short-term treatment with plant mixture extract P-9801091.
Male rat infertility induction/spermatozoa and epididymal plasma abnormalities after oral administration of Kalanchoe gastonis bonnieri natural juice.
Smooth muscle relaxant effect of kaurenoic acid, a diterpene from Copaifera langsdorffii on rat uterus in vitro.
Antibacterial, antiprotozoal and antioxidant activity of five plants used in Izabal for infectious diseases.
Protective effect of Spirulina on lead induced deleterious changes in the lipid peroxidation and endogenous antioxidants in rats.
Anti-inflammatory and smooth muscle relaxant activities of the hydroalcoholic extract and chemical constituents from Amburana cearensis A C Smith.
Antiangiogenic activity of lupeol from Bombax ceiba.
Antioxidant flavonoids and phenolic acids from leaves of Leea guineense G Don (Leeaceae).
Cytotoxic and multidrug resistance reversal activity of a vegetable, 'Anastasia Red', a variety of sweet pepper.
Protective effects of Acanthopanax Radix extract against endotoxemia induced by lipopolysaccharide.
DNA degradation by water extract of green tea in the presence of copper ions: implications for anticancer properties.
Acaricidal activity of Uvaria versicolor and Uvaria Klaineana (Annonaceae).
Essential oil composition and antifungal activity of Foeniculum vulgare Mill obtained by different distillation conditions.
Butanolides from Machilus thunbergii and their inhibitory activity on nitric oxide synthesis in activated macrophages.
In vitro antagonistic activity of monoterpenes and their mixtures against 'toe nail fungus' pathogens.
Antidiarrhoeal activity of hot water extract of black tea (Camellia sinensis).
Crown gall -- a plant tumour with biological activities.
Duodenal ulcer prevalence: research into the nature of possible protective dietary lipids.
Parmelia cirrhatum: a potential source of broad spectrum natural antifungal.
Aphrodisiac activity of methanol extract of leaves of Passiflora incarnata Linn in mice.
Effects of Zuccagnia punctata on the gastrointestinal tract in rats and mice.
Indonesian tea mistletoe (Scurrula oortiana) stem extract increases tumour cell sensitivity to tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha).
Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic action of alcohol extract of Tinospora cordifolia roots in chemical induced diabetes in rats.
In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of leaf essential oils of Chukrasia tabularis Adr Juss and Melia dubia Cav (Meliaceae).
Secoiridoid glucosides with free radical scavenging activity from the leaves of Syringa dilatata.
Trypsin inhibitory effect of wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone.
Antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and acute toxicity effects of Salvia leriifolia Benth seed extract in mice and rats.
Korean medicinal plants inhibiting to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) fusion.
Cytoprotective activity of Amla (Emblica officinalis) against chromium (VI) induced oxidative injury in murine macrophages.
Cryptolepine hydrochloride: a potent antimycobacterial alkaloid derived from Cryptolepis sanguinolenta.
A case of steroid dependent ulcerative colitis (total colitis type) treated by combined use of germinated barley foodstuff
Politics and medicine in the 21st century--misunderstandings, insolvency or foolishness?
Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and vegetarian status among Seventh-Day Adventists in Barbados: preliminary results.
For the patient. Are vegetarians at less risk for obesity, diabetes, and hypertension? Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and vegetarian status among Seventh-Day Adventists in Barbados: preliminary results.
Veterinary homeopathy at war with the Code for Veterinarians
The life mission theory: a theory for a consciousness-based medicine.
Postoperative pain therapy. Synopsis from Chirurg, issue 3/2003
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study of P54FP for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis.
Traditional Chinese medicine prevents inflammation in CCl4-related liver injury in mice.
Effect of bee venom treatment in sows with oligogalactic syndrome postpartum.
Analgesic effects of different acupoint stimulation frequencies in humans.
Myths and mandrakes.
Myths and mandrakes.
Effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa L.) and oxidative stress on the survival pattern of MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Delayed apoptosis upon the treatment of Hep-2 cells with black seed.
The role of black seed in the proliferation and biochemical marker levels of Hep-2 cells.
Aromatherapy and the use of scents in psychotherapy.
Preoperative considerations: which herbal products should be discontinued before surgery?
A rose is a metaphor is a remedy.
Weighing the homeopathic evidence.
Does homeopathy reduce the cost of conventional drug prescribing? A study of comparative prescribing costs in general practice.
Homeopathic remedies as metaphors in family therapy. A narrative-based approach to homeopathy.
The research evidence base for homeopathy: a fresh assessment of the literature.
Homeopathic aggravations: a systematic review of randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trials.
Antibiotics and the development of resistant microorganisms. Can homeopathy be an alternative?
Homeopathic treatment of Japanese patients with intractable atopic dermatitis.
20 years ago: British Homoeopathic Journal, April 1983.
Homeopathy and the placebo effect.
A randomized trial of two different doses of a SHR-5 Rhodiola rosea extract versus placebo and control of capacity for mental work.
Hepatoprotective and free radical scavenging effects of Nelumbo nucifera.
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Croton celtidifolius bark.
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Vernonia cinerea Less. extract in rats.
Analgesic and antiinflammatory effects of chalcones isolated from Myracrodruon urundeuva allemão.
Dose dependent hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Enicostemma littorale blume in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
Efficacy of dry extract of ivy leaves in children with bronchial asthma--a review of randomized controlled trials.
A review on potentiality of medicinal plants as the source of new contraceptive principles.
Kava-kava: a lesson for the phytomedicine community.
Steroid-induced polycystic ovaries in rats: effect of electro-acupuncture on concentrations of endothelin-1 and nerve growth factor (NGF), and expression of NGF mRNA in the ovaries, the adrenal glands, and the central nervous system.
Potential risks of phytoestrogens: experience from animal models.
Morpho-histological studies in the aromatic species of Chenopodium from Argentina.
Antimycobacterial flavones from Haplopappus sonorensis.
Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil of Lippia multiflora.
Triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Silene cucubalus.
A comparative study of Ferula hermonis root extracts and sildenafil on copulatory behaviour of male rats.
A simple HPLC-UV method for the assay of ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba extracts.
Studies on the immunomodulatory activity of flavonoidal fraction of Tephrosia purpurea.
Studies on analgesic activity of Cleome viscosa in mice.
Effect of Garcinia cambogia extract on serum leptin and insulin in mice.
Antihyperglycemic activity of Caralluma attenuata.
Effect of Indigofera aspalathoides against Dalton's ascitic lymphoma.
Antimicrobial study of essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum leaves and Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides fruits from Cameroon.
Antifungal activity of a thiophene polyine from Leuzea carthamoides.
Antimicrobial activity of Ixora coccinea leaves.
Antifungal activity of Terminalia australis.
Molluscicidal and antimicrobial activity of Solanum aculeastrum.
Preliminary evaluation of inhibition of matrix-metalloprotease MMP-2 and MMP-9 by Passiflora edulis and P foetida aqueous extracts.
Biological activity of Euonymus europaeus.
Antimicrobial and cytotoxic constituents of Loranthus globosus.
In vitro activities of Maesa lanceolata extracts against fungal plant pathogens.
Hepatoprotective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil.
A new triterpenoid from Lantana camara.
Working as a medical homoeopath.
Training in acupuncture.
Peroneal nerve palsy following acupuncture treatment. A case report.
Herbal therapy use in a pediatric emergency department population: expect the unexpected.
Naturopathic treatment for ear pain in children.
Comparisons of vegetarian and beef-containing diets on hematological indexes and iron stores during a period of resistive training in older men.
Development of a Genotype 325-Specific proCPU/TAFI ELISA.
Soy isoflavones exert antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects through the PPAR pathways in obese Zucker rats and murine RAW 264.7 cells.
Dietary soy protein maintains some indices of bone mineral density and bone formation in aged ovariectomized rats.
Studying traditional Chinese medicine.
Solitary cysticercosis of the biceps brachii in a vegetarian: a rare and unusual pseudotumor.
Effect of Zingiber OfficinaleRosc on lipid peroxidation in hyperlipidemia rats
The gentle art of periodontal maintenance. A protocol using essential oils.
Iron fulfillment possible through vegetarian lifestyle.
Healthy nations: reducing substance abuse in American Indian and Alaska Native communities.
Sweat lodge ceremonies for jail-based treatment.
A holistic system of care for Native Americans in an urban environment.
Cultural connection and transformation: substance abuse treatment at Friendship House.
The Women's Circle comes full circle.
Substance dependency among homeless American Indians.
Gender differences and conduct disorder among American Indian adolescents in substance abuse treatment.
Incorporating Yup'ik and Cup'ik Eskimo traditions into behavioral health treatment.
Mobilizing communities to reduce substance abuse in Indian country.
An orally active Amazonian plant extract (BIRM) inhibits prostate cancer growth and metastasis.
Complementary and alternative therapies.
Staphylococcus aureus subcutaneous abscess complicating acupuncture: need for implementation of proper infection control guidelines.
Complementary alternative medicine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: use and attitudes.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine by HIV-infected outpatients in Ontario, Canada.
Analgesia and c-Fos expression in the periaqueductal gray induced by electroacupuncture at the Zusanli point in rats.
Ocular dynamics of systemic aqueous extracts of Xylopia aethiopica (African guinea pepper) seeds on visually active volunteers.
Ethnobotanical survey and in vitro antiplasmodial activity of plants used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso.
Treatment of bovine dermatophilosis with Senna alata, Lantana camara and Mitracarpus scaber leaf extracts.
Anti-inflammatory isoflavonoids from the rhizomes of Iris germanica.
Chronic administration of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa attenuates hypertension and reverses cardiac hypertrophy in 2K-1C hypertensive rats.
Effect of fruits of Moringa oleifera on the lipid profile of normal and hypercholesterolaemic rabbits.
Hepatoprotective activity of leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata Pers.
Endothelium-dependent effects of the ethanolic extract of the mistletoe Psittacanthus calyculatus on the vasomotor responses of rat aortic rings.
Investigation of antihypertensive mechanism of garlic in 2K1C hypertensive rat.
Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory effects of methanol, chloroform and ether extracts of Vernonia cinerea less leaf.
Screening of traditionally used South African plants for antifungal activity against Candida albicans.
In vitro antiplasmodial activity of antimalarial medicinal plants used in Vietnamese traditional medicine.
An approach for integrating complementary-alternative medicine into primary care.
The cumulation of Wild pansy (Viola tricolor L.) accessions: the possibility of species preservation and usage in medicine.
Mechanisms of action of phenanthroperylenequinones in photodynamic therapy (review).
GOP works to halt medical marijuana movement.
As medical marijuana battle heats up, doctors take stand.
Herbal medicines for children.
Considering culture, complementary medicine, and spirituality in pediatrics.
Selective separation of active inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor from Caragana jubata by molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction.
Antiviral agents from plants and herbs: a systematic review.
Complementary medicines industry in crisis after recall of 1546 products.
The effect of magnitopuncture stimulation on HRV during simulated driving under vibration conditions
Research and development on the dynamic system for detecting the force of acupuncture needle during the acupuncture process in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine
Why did green tea not protect against coronary artery disease but protect against myocardial infarction?
The artistry and ability of traditional women healers.
Abortion--it is for some women only! Hmong women's perceptions of abortion.
Anti-androgenic action by red clover-derived dietary isoflavones reduces non-malignant prostate enlargement in aromatase knockout (ArKo) mice.
Clinical observation on shu xin yi mai capsules for prevention of recurrent stricture after coronary artery introducing treatment.
The combined use of tonification and purgation in treatment of fatty liver.
TCM treatment of renal amyloidosis--a report of one case.
Prof. Cao Hongxin's experience in treating viral myocarditis with xuefu zhuyu tang.
Treatment of interstitial peumopathy by fei tong oral liquid in the malignant tumor patients after radio- and/or chemotherapy.
Clinical observation on treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with fengshi xiandan in 53 cases.
Kang wei granules in treatment of gastropathy related to Helicobacter pylori infection.
The therapeutic effects of the radiotherapy plus TCM treatment observed in senile non-parvicellular lung cancer patients at the late stage.
TCM treatment of extrasystole with huanglian shengmai yin--a report of 357 cases.
Clinical observation on acupunture treatment of piriformis syndrome.
Clinical experience in electro-acupuncture treatment.
Acupuncture for treating postoperative enteroparalysis.
Protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc treated by ultra short wave and the point injection in 40 cases.
Clinical application of the jiuwei point.
Acupuncture treatment of facial paralysis caused by craniocerebral trauma in 50 cases.
The effects of acupuncture on blood pressure in different patients.
Treatment of 50 cases of sciatica by needling zanzhu and fengchi.
Electroacupuncture at ciliao and huiyang for treating neuropathic incontinence of defecation and urination in 30 cases.
Acupuncture treatment for 157 cases of anxiety neurosis.
Treatment of phlegm- and heat-induced insomnia by acupuncture in 120 cases.
Zusanli point injection for treating leukopenia induced by radio-chemotherapy.
The present situation of TCM treatment for diabetes and its researches.
Acupuncture treatment of melancholia.
A pilot study on antiplaque effects of mastic chewing gum in the oral cavity.
Iodine deficiency in vegetarians and vegans.
A new image.
Herbs commonly used by women: an evidence-based review.
An integrative medicine approach to premenstrual syndrome.
Phytoestrogens and breast cancer prevention: what is the evidence?
Screening of 25 compounds isolated from Phyllanthus species for anti-human hepatitis B virus in vitro.
In vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects of mustard leaf (Brassica juncea).
Adaptogenic activity of a novel withanolide-free aqueous fraction from the roots of Withania somnifera Dun. (Part II).
Reducing effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts on alcohol intake: influence of vehicle.
Effect of Choto-san, a Kampo medicine, on impairment of passive avoidance performance in senescence accelerated mouse (SAM).
Alteration of lethal effects of gamma rays in Swiss albino mice by Tinospora cordifolia.
Clinical evaluation of Acalypha ointment in the treatment of superficial fungal skin diseases.
Glycosmis arborea extract as a hepatoprotective agent.
The effect of different frequency electrical acu-stimulation on gastric myoelectrical activity in healthy subjects.
A practical approach to fibromyalgia.
'Natural remedies' in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Screening of medicinal plants used in South African traditional medicine for genotoxic effects.
Acupuncture increases neuropeptide Y expression in hippocampus of maternally-separated rats.
Comparison of dynamic posteroanterior spinal stiffness to plain film radiographic images of lumbar disk height.
Herbal and nutrient supplementation practices of chiropractic patients: an Australian case study.
Chiropractic care of a patient with vertebral subluxation and Bell's palsy.
Principles in integrative chiropractic.
Study of the effect of Bronchipret on the lung function of five Austrian saddle horses suffering recurrent airway obstruction (heaves).
Activation of mast cells by silver particles in a patient with localized argyria due to implantation of acupuncture needles.
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Helicobacter pylori.
Acupuncture and swallowing reflex in poststroke patients.
Food provision and the nutritional implications of food choices made by young adult males, in a young offenders' institution.
Curare: the flying death.
Induction of apoptosis by tanshinone I via cytochrome c release in activated hepatic stellate cells.
The diabetic neuropathies: types, diagnosis and management.
Intracranial hypotension after chiropractic manipulation of the cervical spine.
The territory between life and death. Essay review.
Acupuncture for nausea: how does it work?
Nigella sativa (black cumin) ameliorates potassium bromate-induced early events of carcinogenesis: diminution of oxidative stress.
Effect of dietary habits on prevalence of anemia in pregnant women of Delhi.
PC-SPES for treatment of prostate cancer: herbal medicine.
Drug-herb interaction among commonly used conventional medicines: a compendium for health care professionals.
Complementary and alternative therapy use by patients with myofascial temporomandibular disorders.
The efficacy of ginger in prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting after outpatient gynecological laparoscopy.
A water-extract of the Korean traditional formulation Geiji-Bokryung-Hwan reduces atherosclerosis and hypercholesteremia in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
Experiences in challenging chiropractic.
The HSJ interview: Professor Peter Hutton. Alternative medicine. Interview by Alastair McLellan.
Feeling frugal: socioeconomic status, acculturation, and cultural health beliefs among women of Mexican descent.
Different central manifestations in response to electroacupuncture at analgesic and nonanalgesic acupoints in rats: a manganese-enhanced functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
Antileishmanial activity of a linalool-rich essential oil from Croton cajucara.
Cannabis and the brain.
Self-treatment of malaria in rural communities, Butajira, southern Ethiopia.
Designing and applying of the placebo-needle in clinical trial of acupuncture
Study on treatment of myelo-dysplastic syndrome by intergrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine
Clinical study on treatment of chronic aplastic anemia assisted by TCM for reinforcing shen and activating blood circulation to dredge channels
Study on efficacy of treatment of acute leukemia by shengfu injection in combination with chemotherapy and the effect on cellular immunity, serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels
Clinical observation on treatment of multiple bone metastatic tumor of mammary cancer by combination therapy of 89Sr and Chinese herbal medicine
Regulatory effect of yishou tiaozhi tablet on lipids in patients with primary hyperlipidemia
Influence of large amount of shengmai injection on blood coagulation in patients with chronic heart failure
Clinical observation on treatment of Russula subnigricans poisoning patients by Ganoderma lucidum decoction
Effect of congsheng capsule on intracellular calcium concentration in mice after ischemic cerebral injury
Effects of nourishing shen-yin recipe and warming recuperating shen-yang recipe on interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 activity in ovariectomy induced osteoporosis rats
Effect of Tripterygium glycosides on thyroid function and auto-antibody in patients with Graves disease
Clinical observation on treatment of traumatic intracranial hematoma by Flos carthami combined with radix Acanthopanacis senticosi injection
Clinical observation on treatment of 48 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus using fuzheng jiedu recipe
The 6th National Conference on Hematology of Ingrative Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
Beliefs and traditional treatment of malaria in Kishe settlement area, southwest Ethiopia.
Complementary and alternative medicine. Use in an older population.
Gingko: smart pill or not?
Use and assessment of complementary and alternative therapies by intravenous drug users.
Efficacy of acupuncture in asthma.
Patients' perception of their depressive illness.
Functional hyperhomocysteinemia in healthy vegetarians: no association with advanced glycation end products, markers of protein oxidation, or lipid peroxidation after correction with vitamin B(12).
An East-West approach to the management of central post-stroke pain.
Adverse herbal interactions causing hypotension.
Auricular acupressure as a treatment for anxiety in prehospital transport settings.
Biological activities of the shrub Salsola tuberculatiformis Botsch.: contraceptive or stress alleviator?
Perceptions and attitudes of clinical oncologists on complementary and alternative medicine: a nationwide survey in Japan.
Frequent use of complementary medicine by prostate cancer patients.
Ginkgo for elderly people with dementia and age-associated memory impairment: a randomized clinical trial.
At the intersection of micro and macro: opportunities and challenges for physician-patient communication research.
Overexpression of a small medicinal peptide from ginseng in the yeast Pichia pastoris.
The efficacy of smoking cessation methods available in the Netherlands: a systematic review based on Cochrane data
'A great step forward for nursing'.
Use of nontraditional therapies--implications for older adults.
Antiproliferative and chemopreventive effects of adlay seed on lung cancer in vitro and in vivo.
Tumor angiogenesis: a potential target in cancer control by phytochemicals.
Predictors of the plasma ratio of 2-hydroxyestrone to 16alpha-hydroxyestrone among pre-menopausal, nulliparous women from four ethnic groups.
On the use of classical naturopathy and complementary medicine procedures in hospitals and clinics practicing gynecology and obstetrics in Germany. Results of a questionnaire survey.
Effect of Coenzyme Q10 and Ginkgo biloba on warfarin dosage in patients on long-term warfarin treatment. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial
Community preceptors' attitudes toward and practices of complementary and alternative medicine: a Texas survey.
Echinacea for the common cold.
Multiple retained acupuncture needle fragments.
The development of an educational workshop on complementary and alternative medicine: what every nurse should know.
Efficacy of a herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia: a meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, clinical trials.
Interaction between warfarin and the herbal product quilinggao.
Use of OTC and herbal products in patients with cardiovascular disease.
The social impact of medicine. Chapter 6.
Mechanism of action of St John's wort in depression : what is known?
Need to differentiate traditional Chinese acupuncture from other forms of acupuncture. (Comment on critically appraised paper, Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 49: 74.).
Effects of oral administration of type II collagen on adjuvant arthritis in rats and its mechanisms.
Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture.
Hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects of onion, Allium cepa: dietary onion addition, antioxidant activity and hypoglycaemic effects on diabetic rats.
Critical review of complementary therapies for prostate cancer.
Standards for conducting clinical biofield energy healing research.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine among the ethnic elderly.
Long-term effects of dextrose prolotherapy for anterior cruciate ligament laxity.
Religious and spiritual resources, CAM, and conventional treatment in the lives of cancer patients.
The effectiveness of Commiphora mukul for osteoarthritis of the knee: an outcomes study.
Ken Cohen, MA, MSTh. Healing through ancient traditions: Qigong and Native American medicine. Interview by Bonnie Horrigan.
Stealing the soul, soumwahu en naniak, and susto: understanding culturally-specific illnesses, their origins and treatment.
Tomorrow today: plant-made pharmaceuticals.
Methods for cervical ripening and induction of labor.
Current trends in preoperative patient evaluation and management for podiatric surgeons.
"Tag - We're it.".
Toxic metals and antioxidants: Part II. The role of antioxidants in arsenic and cadmium toxicity.
Giardiasis: pathophysiology and management.
Acupuncture to reduce nausea during chemotherapy treatment of rheumatic diseases.
The safety of massage therapy.
Self-reported vegetarianism may be a marker for college women at risk for disordered eating.
Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada: Vegetarian diets.
A new food guide for North American vegetarians.
Vegetarian and vegan meal planning.
The facts about cold sores.
Osteoporosis. Part IV -- rapid review of drug therapies (A to Z) for preventing male osteoporosis/fractures..
Alternatives to HRT: an evidence-based review.
A review of the evidence for the effectiveness, safety, and cost of acupuncture, massage therapy, and spinal manipulation for back pain.
Ethics and complementary and alternative medicine.
Effectiveness of oral Ginkgo biloba in treating limited, slowly spreading vitiligo.
The effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on lipids and indices of bone resorption in postmenopausal women.
Cognitive dietary restraint is associated with eating behaviors, lifestyle practices, personality characteristics and menstrual irregularity in college women.
Marine natural products and their potential applications as anti-infective agents.
Chrysanthones, a new source of fungal metabolites with potential antitumor and antiangiogenesis properties.
Preparative purification of the major anti-inflammatory triterpenoid esters from Marigold (Calendula officinalis).
Cytotoxic pentacyclic triterpenes from Combretum nigricans.
Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of Clitoria ternatea root.
Inhibition of nitric oxide production on LPS-activated macrophages by kazinol B from Broussonetia kazinoki.
Effect of naturally occurring allyl and phenyl isothiocyanates in the inhibition of experimental pulmonary metastasis induced by B16F-10 melanoma cells.
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Bouchea fluminensis.
Evaluation of purgative activity of roots of Rumex nepalensis.
Antifungal activity of sterols and triterpenes isolated from Ganoderma annulare.
In vitro cytotoxicity of 11 Panamanian plants.
Antifungal activity of some Cuban Zanthoxylum species.
Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Erigeron breviscapus.
Antibacterial activity of Pulicaria dysenterica extracts.
Antibacterial activity of Rosa damascena essential oil.
Antimicrobial activity of extracts of Clematis vitalba towards pathogenic yeast and yeast-like microorganisms.
Antibacterial activity of embelin.
Antibacterial activity of Tagetes terniflora.
Ethnobotanical inventory of medicinal plants used in the Bustillo Province of the Potosi Department, Bolivia.
Flavonoids from Calicotome villosa.
Flavonol glycosides from Aconitum vulparia.
Preliminary in vitro studies on the Marsypianthes chamaedrys (boia-caá) extracts at fibrinoclotting induced by snake venoms.
Effects of topical instillation of traditional herbal medicines, herbal extracts, and their components on prostaglandin E2-induced aqueous flare elevation in pigmented rabbits.
Cannabis reduces opioid dose in the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain.
Chiropractic spinal manipulation for back pain.
Effectiveness of Gorei-san (TJ-17) for treatment of SSRI-induced nausea and dyspepsia: preliminary observations.
Chronic inflammatory granuloma mimics clinical manifestations of lumbar spinal stenosis after acupuncture: a case report.
Echinacea powder: treatment for canine chronic and seasonal upper respiratory tract infections.
The example: St. John's wort. Manufacturing and quality aspects of plant extracts
The pharmacology of St. John's wort extract. Plausibility for therapeutic application as an antidepressive?
New therapeutic studies and meta-analysis. St. John's wort extract vs. synthetics
Charge conformity and biopharmaceutic characterization. St. John's Wort extract preparations in comparison
Adverse drug effects and interactions. What is the current thinking about the use of St. John's wort?
Do phytogenic drugs offer a savings potential? Pharmacoeconomics of plant antidepressives
Complementary therapy in chronic wound management: a holistic caring case study and praxis model.
Integrating complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into standard hospice and palliative care.
Oedema protective properties of the red vine leaf extract AS 195 (Folia vitis viniferae) in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. A 6-week observational clinical trial.
Complementary and alternative medicine use in families of children with cerebral palsy.
Inhibition of COX-2 activity and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) production by water-soluble sub-fractionated parts from bee (Apis mellifera) venom.
Modified rice bran beneficial for weight loss of mice as a major and acute adverse effect of Cisplatin.
Pitfalls of enzyme-based molecular anticancer dietary manipulations: food for thought.
Effects of ultrahigh dilutions of 3,5-dichlorophenol on the luminescence of the bacterium Vibrio fischeri.
Effects of Cyperus articulatus compared to effects of anticonvulsant compounds on the cortical wedge.
Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Satureja hortensis L.
Screening of anti-bacterial activity of medicinal plants from Belize (Central America).
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: a urea cycle defect.
Blue anemone--a "medicinal" plant
Does use of alternative medicine aggravate the survival prognosis in cancer?
Chemical and pharmacological investigations of Epimedium species: a survey.
Subgingival microbiota levels and their associations with periodontal status at the sampled sites in an adult Sudanese population using miswak or toothbrush regularly.
Herbs for serum cholesterol reduction: a systematic view.
Therapeutic exercise and orthopedic manual therapy for impingement syndrome: a systematic review.
Vasospasm-induced stroke in a varsity athlete secondary to ephedrine ingestion.
Isoflavones: food for thoughtful consideration.
Isoflavones and cognitive function in older women: the SOy and Postmenopausal Health In Aging (SOPHIA) Study.
Acupuncture during labor can reduce the use of meperidine: a controlled clinical study.
Homeopathy, a remarkable treatment
Physician-patient relationship, scientific medicine and alternative therapies
Public health officials caution against ephedra use. Health officials caution consumers against using dietary supplements containing ephedra. The stimulant can have dangerous effects on the nervous system and heart.
FDA issues guidance on race and ethnicity data.
Traditional Chinese acupuncture does not improve outcomes from post-stroke motor rehabilitation.
Blueberry supplementation enhances signaling and prevents behavioral deficits in an Alzheimer disease model.
Complementary and alternative medicine use and substitution for conventional therapy by HIV-infected patients.
A behavioral-medicine program in HIV. Implications for quality of life.
Manual therapy, physical therapy, or care by a general practitioner for neck pain.
Herb-drug interactions: survey of leading pharmaceutical/herbal companies.
Chicken soup cure may not be a myth.
Clinical, demographic and psychosocial correlates of complementary and alternative medicine use by men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer.
Oral and maxillofacial surgery in patients with chronic orofacial pain.
Mythology and the medicinal plants of antiquity
Suppression of allergic reactions by dehulled adlay in association with the balance of TH1/TH2 cell responses.
Polyphenols from Honeybush tea (Cyclopia intermedia).
Dairy products, meat and sports performance.
Acupuncture and arthroscopic acromioplasty.
Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Hawthorn extract: is it time to turn over a new leaf?
"Bust enhancing" herbal products.
Alternative medicine for glaucoma.
Clinical observation on effect of taizhi'an capsule in treating 150 patients with hyperlipidemia
An investigation on clinical studies of TCM in preventing and treating angina pectoris of coronary heart disease
Observation on effect of electro-acupuncture in treating maxillofacial hemangioma
Effect of manshuailing oral liquid on left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with heart disease of Xin-Shen Yang deficiency type
Clinical study on effect of shengmai injection on serum concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters of digoxin in patients with congestive heart failure
Effect of astragalus injection on immune function in patients with congestive heart failure
Clinical observation on effect of combined use of Astragalus and compound salviae injection in treating acute cerebral infarction
Clinical observation of chemotherapy combined with yiqi xiaozheng granule in treating advanced malignant tumor
Clinical observation on effect of modified biyusan in treating 69 patients with chronic arsenic intoxication
Progress on TCM drug-therapy of antagonizing arteriosclerosis
Minute on 6th National Integrative Medical Conference of Cardiovascular Diseases
Management of surgically hypogonadal patients unable to take sex hormone replacement therapy.
Use of biofeedback in combined treatment of low spine pain
Alternative therapies: a common practice among men and women living with HIV.
Testing strategies to reduce diarrhea in persons with HIV using traditional Chinese medicine: acupuncture and moxibustion.
Association of internal carotid artery dissection and chiropractic manipulation.
Complementary medicine research in Exeter: the first decade.
The effects of homeopathic Argentum nitricum on test anxiety.
Continuous PC6 wristband acupressure for relief of nausea and vomiting associated with acute myocardial infarction: a partially randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
Treating dyspepsia with acupuncture and homeopathy: reflections on a pilot study by researchers, practitioners and participants.
The long-term effects of auricular therapy using magnetic pearls on elderly with insomnia.
Incidence of adverse effects during acupuncture therapy-a multicentre survey.
Attitudes of GPs towards the provision of acupuncture on the NHS.
Can we evaluate electrodermal testing?
Use of animal products in traditional Chinese medicine: environmental impact and health hazards.
The terms 'acupuncture' and 'placebo' should be adequately defined in clinical trials.
Meeting the impact of the traditional herbal medicinal products directive. Conference organised by the British Institute of Regulatory Affairs, London, UK, January 2003.
The right to quackery.
Spinach makes a safer anthrax vaccine.
The role of complementary and alternative therapies in managing rheumatoid arthritis.
A holistic programmatic approach to natural hormone replacement.
Association of complementary and alternative medicine use, demographic factors, and perimenopausal symptoms in a multiethnic sample of women: the ENDOW study.
A comparative study on the skin penetration of pure tryptanthrin and tryptanthrin in Isatis tinctoria extract by dermal microdialysis coupled with isotope dilution ESI-LC-MS.
Effectiveness and tolerability of a standardized phytodrug derived from Solanum chrysotrichum on Tinea pedis: a controlled and randomized clinical trial.
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by phenolic conjugates of methylated quinic acid.
Antitumor activity of balsam fir oil: production of reactive oxygen species induced by alpha-humulene as possible mechanism of action.
Inhibitory effects of furanocoumarins isolated from the roots of Angelica dahurica on prostaglandin E2 production.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of three Mentha species essential oils.
Antifungal, antiprotozoal, cytotoxic and piscicidal properties of Justicidin B and a new arylnaphthalide lignan from Phyllanthus piscatorum.
The nociceptive and anti-nociceptive effects of evodiamine from fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa in mice.
Neuroprotective effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A: in vivo and in vitro studies.
Diterpenoid and phenolic glycosides from the roots of Rhododendron molle.
New cytotoxic oleanane saponins from the infructescences of Polyscias amplifolia from the Madagascar rainforest.
Simultaneous analysis of seventeen chemical ingredients of Ligusticum chuanxiong by on-line high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-mass spectrometry.
Quantification of the flavonoid glycosides in Passiflora incarnata by capillary electrophoresis.
Kinobeon A as a potent tyrosinase inhibitor from cell culture of safflower: in vitro comparisons of kinobeon A with other putative inhibitors.
Torilin from Torilis japonica, as a new inhibitor of testosterone 5 alpha-reductase.
New cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones from Warionia saharae.
Studies on di- and triterpenoids from Salvia staminea with cytotoxic activity.
Antimicrobial diterpenes from the seeds of Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. drupacea.
In vitro trypanocidal activity of triterpenes from miconia species.
Antioxidant activity of maslinic acid, a triterpene derivative obtained from Olea europaea.
Anti-inflammatory action of legume isoflavonoid sophoricoside through inhibition on cyclooxygenase-2 activity.
Variation of podophyllotoxin in leaves of Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana).
Embryoidogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf tissue of Gloriosa superba.
Absolute configuration of keisslone, a new antimicrobial metabolite from Keissleriella sp. YS4108, a marine filamentous fungus.
Separation and determination of coumarins in the root bark of three citrus plants by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography.
Mixing medicines, herbs, food, and surgery.
The influence of teent (Capparis decidua) on human plasma triglycerides, total lipids and phospholipids.
Effect of Gymnema montanum on blood glucose, plasma insulin, and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Treating Tibetan refugees in New York City: the healing work of a fellow refugee.
"Quality profiling" for complementary medicine: the example of a hospital for traditional Chinese medicine.
Enhanced nitric oxide concentrations and expression of nitric oxide synthase in acupuncture points/meridians.
Weak extremely high frequency microwaves affect pollen-tube emergence and growth in kiwifruit: pollen grain irradiation and water-mediated effects.
Electrodermal measurements for monitoring the effects of a qigong workshop.
Effect of aromatics on lung mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic airways obstruction.
Medical students' attitudes about complementary and alternative medicine.
Safety and efficacy of a traditional herbal medicine (Throat Coat) in symptomatic temporary relief of pain in patients with acute pharyngitis: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.
Goethean science: an alternative approach.
Global herbal medicine: a critique.
Complementary and alternative therapies for pain management in labour.
Effect of a multicomponent, ephedra-containing dietary supplement (Metabolife 356) on Holter monitoring and hemostatic parameters in healthy volunteers.
Are residents more comfortable than faculty members when addressing sociocultural diversity in medicine?
Integrative approaches to pain management: how to get the best of both worlds.
Time for a fresh look at complementary medicine.
Inhalation aromatherapy during radiotherapy: results of a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial.
The strong relation between Yanagihara's scores and electroneurography in the acute stage of bell's palsy.
Efficacy and safety of an extract of Pelargonium sidoides (EPs 7630) in adults with acute bronchitis. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Pharmacological profile of extracts of Pelargonium sidoides and their constituents.
Treating depression comorbid with anxiety--results of an open, practice-oriented study with St John's wort WS 5572 and valerian extract in high doses.
Topical treatment of atopic dermatitis with St. John's wort cream--a randomized, placebo controlled, double blind half-side comparison.
Kava-Kava extract LI 150 is as effective as Opipramol and Buspirone in Generalised Anxiety Disorder--an 8-week randomized, double-blind multi-centre clinical trial in 129 out-patients.
A newly developed extract (Ze 339) from butterbur (Petasites hybridus L.) is clinically efficient in allergic rhinitis (hay fever).
Long-term efficacy and safety of PRO 160/120 (a combination of sabal and urtica extract) in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
Effects of a fixed combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil on symptoms and quality of life in patients suffering from functional dyspepsia.
Bacterial deconjugation of arbutin by Escherichia coli.
Dose-response related efficacy in orthostatic hypotension of a fixed combination of D-camphor and an extract from fresh crataegus berries and the contribution of the single components.
Toxicity of kava pyrones, drug safety and precautions--a case study.
Ginkgo extract or cholinesterase inhibitors in patients with dementia: what clinical trials and guidelines fail to consider.
Wild ginseng grows in myanmar.
Inhibitory effect of the repeated treatment with Unsei-in on substance P-induced itch-associated responses through the downregulation of the expression of NK(1) tachykinin receptor in mice.
From Swiss herbs to the global plant system and individual use--a biographic approach to Alfred Vogel
History of a plant: the example of Echinacea
Indication and constitution in the phytotherapeutic qualitative concept
Systematic reviews of herbal medicines--an annotated bibliography.
St. John' Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.)--multicompound preparations versus single substances
St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum): a plurivalent raw material for traditional and modern therapies
The common butterbur (Petasites hybridus)--portrait of a medicinal herb
Arnica: new insights on the molecular mode of action of a traditional medicinal plant
Kombucha: a systematic review of the clinical evidence.
Characteristics and quality of systematic reviews of acupuncture, herbal medicines, and homeopathy.
Anti-osteoporotic medications: traditional and nontraditional.
Acupuncture in clinical neurology.
Modern management of acute otitis media.
Current ethical and other problems in the practice of African traditional medicine.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, pilot clinical trial of ImmunoGuard--a standardized fixed combination of Andrographis paniculata Nees, with Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim, Schizandra chinensis Bail. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extracts in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever.
Neuroprotective effects of tanshinones in transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice.
Inhibition of DNA synthesis by carvacrol in mouse myoblast cells bearing a human N-RAS oncogene.
In vitro antiproliferative effects on human tumor cell lines of extracts from the Bangladeshi medicinal plant Aegle marmelos Correa.
Isolation and synthesis of TNF-alpha release inhibitors from Fijian kawa (Piper methysticum).
Immunologically active O6-branched (1-->3)-beta-glucan from the lichen Thamnolia vermicularis var. subuliformis.
Bioactive crude plant seed extracts from the NCAUR oilseed repository.
In vitro inhibition of human cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of marker substrates by natural products.
Effect of three vegetal sources of propolis on macrophages activation.
Bioactivity of secoiridoid glycosides from Centaurium erythraea.
Chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus)--pharmacology and clinical indications.
Scientific reporting of unscientific data--a case of Ginkgo biloba being miscredited.
Scientific foundations of hormesis. Part 2. Maturation, strengths, limitations, and possible applications in toxicology, pharmacology, and epidemiology.
The relative safety of ephedra compared with other herbal products.
Acupuncture ameliorates symptoms in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
Inhibitory effects of deer antler aqua-acupuncture, the pilose antler of Cervus Korean TEMMINCK var mantchuricus Swinhoe, on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats.
Melissa officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial.
Complementary and alternative medicine: how do we know if it works?
Complementary and alternative medicine: socially constructed or evidence-based?
The politics of evidence and the evidence for CAM.
Complementary and alternative medicine in Canada: what is the future?
Complementary and alternative medicine: an integrated approach required.
Maturation of complementary and alternative healthcare in Canada.
Complementary and alternative medicine: how do we know if it works? Time to find out!
Complementary and alternative medicine: a pharmacist's perspective on patient needs.
Non-pharmacological approaches to chronic headaches: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, lasertherapy and acupuncture in transformed migraine treatment.
Use of alternative medicine by patients with cancer in a rural area of Switzerland.
Effective analgesic modalities for ambulatory patients.
Cardiovascular adverse effects of herbal medicines: a systematic review of the recent literature.
Acupuncture for alcohol withdrawal: a randomized controlled trial.
Tales of Kieran: the occupational physician's odyssey.
Traditional medicines in modern societies: an exploration of integrationist options through East Asian experience.
Symposium on HIV/AIDS and Traditional Medicine of the Global Holistic Health Summit, Bangalore, 14 January 2003.
Hepatotoxicity from Cimicifuga racemosa? Recent Australian case report not sufficiently substantiated.
Willingness to participate in complementary and alternative medicine clinical trials among patients with craniofacial disorders.
Morning/evening menopausal formula relieves menopausal symptoms: a pilot study.
Milk thistle: is there a role for its use as an adjunct therapy in patients with cancer?
Alternative, complementary, and conventional medicine: is integration upon us?
Teaching medical students complementary and alternative medicine using evidence-based principles.
Complementary and alternative medicine in mainstream public health: a role for research in fostering integration.
Vegetarianism and vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) deficiency.
Vitamin B-12 status, particularly holotranscobalamin II and methylmalonic acid concentrations, and hyperhomocysteinemia in vegetarians.
5,7-Dihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone, a benzodiazepine site ligand isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, with selective antagonistic properties.
Electroacupuncture and moxibustion for correction of abomasal displacement in dairy cattle.
Empowerment and organizational commitment of chiropractic faculty.
An independent assessment of chiropractic practice guidelines.
Research assistants' perspective of clinical trials: results of a focus group.
Patient satisfaction, characteristics, radiology, and complications associated with attending a specialized government-funded multidisciplinary spinal pain unit.
Several pathways in the evolution of chiropractic manipulation.
User's guide to the chiropractic literature-IA: how to use an article about therapy.
Effect of a topical herbal cream on osteoarthritis of the hand and knee: a pilot study.
Hot saltwater mouth baths.
Plants for male fertility regulation.
Inhibition of the progression of type 2 diabetes in the C57BL/6J mouse model by an anti-diabetes herbal formula.
Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts against periodontopathic bacteria.
Effect of Coccinia indica leaf extract on plasma antioxidants in streptozotocin- induced experimental diabetes in rats.
Anti-herpesvirus activity of an extract of Ribes nigrum L.
Protective effects of saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) on genotoxins-induced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice.
Antiamoebic activity of benzyl glucosinolate from Lepidium virginicum.
The cytotoxicity of methyl protoneogracillin (NSC-698793) and gracillin (NSC-698787), two steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Dioscorea collettii var. hypoglauca, against human cancer cells in vitro.
Effects of soybean ethanol extract on the cell survival and oxidative stress in osteoblastic cells.
Comparison of antimalarial activity of the alkaloidal fraction of Hydrangea macrophylla var. Otaksa leaves with the hot-water extract in ICR mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii 17 XL.
Main flavonoids in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis cultivated in Europe and their comparative antiradical properties.
Relaxant effect of essential oil and hydro-alcoholic extract of Pycnocycla spinosa Decne. exBoiss. on ileum contractions.
Different responses of three rodent Plasmodia species, Plasmodium yoelii 17XL, P. berghei NK65 and P. chabaudi AS on treatment with febrifugine and isofebrifugine mixture from Hydrangea macrophylla var. Otaksa leaf in ICR mice.
HPLC fingerprinting and estimation of the bioactive components of Clutia richardiana L. as a potential hypoglycemic herbal tea.
Pharmacological effects of extracts from Valeriana adscendens Trel. II. Effects on GABA uptake and amino acids.
Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharide from Chlorella stigmatophora and Phaeodactylum tricornutum.
Pycnogenol prevents haemolytic injury in G6PD deficient human erythrocytes.
Antiplasmodial activity of extracts and quassinoids isolated from seedlings of Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae).
Antifungal compounds from Zanthoxylum chiloperone var. angustifolium.
Antiprotozoal activity of the constituents of Rubus coriifolius.
Assessment of therapeutic effect of Inula heterolepsis Boiss in alcoholic rats.
The effect of a strongly basic alkaloidal fraction of Rhazya stricta, a traditional medicinal plant, on cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of theophylline in mice.
Hepatoprotective effect of the extract and isocytisoside from Aquilegia vulgaris.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of a herbal medicine used for the treatment of malaria.
Proceedings of a symposium on medicinal plants and medicinal herbs as working and therapeutic principles. 30 November 2002, Zurich
Intellectual property rights and traditional medicine: policy dilemmas at the interface.
Electro-acupuncture improves behavior and upregulates GDNF mRNA in MFB transected rats.
Healthy choice = healthy live series outlines. "Sex, drugs and HIV" and microbicides.
Health beliefs of college students born in the United States, China, and India.
Learning the hard way! Setting up an RCT of aromatherapy massage for patients with advanced cancer.
Reporting changes in scores on the Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory subscales.
Serious psychiatric and neurological adverse effects of herbal medicines -- a systematic review.
Prophylaxis of calcium oxalate stones by Herniaria hirsuta on experimentally induced nephrolithiasis in rats.
Response to "Molecular and cellular assessment of Gingko biloba extract as a possible ophthalmic drug", by G. Thiagarajan, S. Chandani, S. Harinarayana Rao, A.M. Samuni, K. Chandrasekaran and D. Balasubramanian [Experimental Eye Research 75 (2002) pp. 421-430].
Acupuncture and the modulation of cortical excitability.
Nonspecific adaptation reactions in patients with cardiovascular pathology and vertebral osteochondrosis during rehabilitation in a sanatorium
Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada: vegetarian diets.
A new food guide for North American vegetarians.
Effects of acupuncture on skin and muscle blood flow in healthy subjects.
Vitamin B12 deficiency in spinal cord injury: a retrospective study.
'Electro-acupuncture in a child with mild spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy'.
Botulinum toxin: application into acupuncture points for migraine.
UK Food Standards Agency Optimal Nutrition Status Workshop: environmental factors that affect bone health throughout life.
Advances in alcoholic liver disease.
Bacterial silver resistance: molecular biology and uses and misuses of silver compounds.
Cytotoxicity of pregnancy-related traditional medicines.
Preliminary study on effects of "planning treatment according to diagnosis" on physiological changes during simulated weightlessness
Regulatory aspects of complementary and alternative veterinary medicine.
Acupuncture and spinal cord medicine.
Acupuncture as a promising treatment for below-level central neuropathic pain: a retrospective study.
Developing an integrative approach to spinal cord medicine.
The effects of phytoestrogenic isoflavones on the formation and disposition of paracetamol sulfate in the isolated perfused rat liver.
Electro-acupuncture as a peroperative analgesic method and its effects on implantation rate and neuropeptide Y concentrations in follicular fluid.
St John's wort: a systematic review of adverse effects and drug interactions for the consultation psychiatrist.
Diet and body mass index in 38000 EPIC-Oxford meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans.
A randomised double blind placebo controlled clinical trial of a standardised extract of fresh Crataegus berries (Crataegisan) in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure NYHA II.
Effect of Azadirachta indica on paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in albino rats.
Extracts from plants used in Mexican traditional medicine activate Ca(2+)-dependent chloride channels in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
Trypanocidal activity of extracts from Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest plant species.
An assessment of two Carpobrotus species extracts as potential antimicrobial agents.
Electroacupuncture induces the expression of Fos in rat dorsal horn via capsaicin-insensitive afferents.
Acupuncture: archaic or biologic?
Attitude and outcome: is there a link in complementary medicine?
Mobility limitations and complementary and alternative medicine: are people with disabilities more likely to pray?
Prevalence study of concurrent use of complementary and alternative medicine in patients attending primary care services in Scotland.
Traditional medicine in China today: implications for indigenous health systems in a modern world.
Fishy asthma cure raises big stink in India.
Pharmacy through the ages. Podophyllum peltatum.
Manipulation of the wrist for management of lateral epicondylitis: a randomized pilot study.
HPLC quantification of kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside in Cassia alata.
Anti-oxidant activity of Centella asiatica on lymphoma-bearing mice.
Diterpenoids from Isodon japonica.
Further degradation product of hyperforin from Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort).
Relaxant effect of essential oil of Melissa officinalis and citral on rat ileum contractions.
Antifungal activity of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis fresh aqueous juice.
Eudesmane derivatives from Laggera pterodonta.
Antifungal activity of Piper guineense of Cameroon.
Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Xylopia aethiopica, Monodora myristica, Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloi;des and Zanthoxylum leprieurii from Cameroon.
Biflavonoids from Podocalyx loranthoides.
Antimicrobial activity of Amomum cannicarpum.
Zaluzanin D: a fungistatic sesquiterpene from Vernonia arborea.
Antiviral activity of Inonotus hispidus.
Evaluation of analgesic effect of Datura fastuosa leaves and seed extracts.
Antiviral activity of betulin, betulinic and betulonic acids against some enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.
Antifungal activity of the methanolic extract and alkaloids of Glaucium oxylobum.
Cytotoxic activity of the root extract from Myoschilos oblongum.
Antibacterial activity of Artocarpus heterophyllus.
Constituents of Lagotis yunnanensis.
Sesquiterpene lactones from the aerial parts of Inula oculus-christi.
A new C-benzylated chalcone from Desmos chinensis.
Herbal remedies and children: do they work? Are they harmful?
Use of and attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicine among family practice patients in small rural Illinois communities.
Free radical disease prevention and nutrition.
Complementary and alternative medicine cultures.
Complementary and alternative medicine in children with asthma.
Indigenous endoscopic accessories.
Heavy metals in 'herbal' medicines.
Back pain and satisfaction with chiropractic treatment: what role does the physical outcome play?
Unproved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to food allergy and intolerance.
Science and politics. Comment on the article from DMW 15/2003
PC-SPEC, an herbal remedies use in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Drumstick leaves as source of vitamin A in ICDS-SFP.
Pharmacokinetic study on the multi-constituents of Huangqin-Tang decoction in rats.
Herbal product use in Mexican-Americans.
The story catches you and you fall down: tragedy, ethnography, and "cultural competence".
Searching biomedical databases on complementary medicine: the use of controlled vocabulary among authors, indexers and investigators.
Effectiveness of using the drug Kan-Yang in children with acute respiratory viral infection (clinico-functional data)
The herbal connection-finding common ground.
Take birth back.
Creating a sound environment. Drumming for the childbearing year.
Windflower: homeopathic pulsatilla.
Homeopathic medicine kit.
Complementary medicine: evidence base, competence to practice and regulation.
The therapeutic potential of cannabis.
Herbal medicines--primum non nocere.
The vegetarian who ate a sausage with curry sauce.
Complementary and alternative medicine in fibromyalgia and related syndromes.
Factors affecting decisions to seek treatment for sick children in Kerala, India.
Comparison of cardioprotective effects using ramipril and DanShen for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in rats.
A randomized controlled trial of nerve stimulation for relief of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
A review of plant-derived and herbal approaches to the treatment of sexual dysfunctions.
Critical evaluation of the safety of Cimicifuga racemosa in menopause symptom relief.
Comparison of Pueraria lobata with hormone replacement therapy in treating the adverse health consequences of menopause.
Nontraditional wound care: A review of the evidence for the use of sugar, papaya/papain, and fatty acids.
Aerophytotherapy and aerophytoprophylaxis in medical practice
Unregulated alternative medicine.
Herbal medicines in the United Kingdom.
Hand therapy for the musician: instrument-focused rehabilitation.
The use of fenugreek for breast feeding women.
Vitex agnus castus essential oil and menopausal balance: a research update [Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery 8 (2003) 148-154].
The bioinformatics of psychosocial genomics in alternative and complementary medicine.
Social Support, Distress, and Well-Being in Older Men Living With HIV Infection.
Comment on: Does use of alternative medicine predict survival from cancer? Eur J Cancer 2003, 39, 372-377.
Comment on: Molsberger AF, Mau J, Pawelec DB, Winkler J. Does acupuncture improve the orthopedic management of chronic low back pain? Pain 2002; 99:579-87.
Altitude sickness: Gingko biloba does not prevent altitude sickness.
Effect of acupuncture compared with placebo-acupuncture at p6 as additional antiemetic prophylaxis in high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: a randomized controlled single-blind trial.
Hunter-gatherers win profit-sharing deal for obesity drug.
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among elderly Australian women who have cancer.
Alternative medications and other treatments for tinnitus: facts from fiction.
A. P. Chekhov as a historian of medicine
Polygonum multiflorum extracts improve cognitive performance in senescence accelerated mice.
Effect of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge on cerebral infarct in ischemia-reperfusion injured rats.
Clinical evaluation of the effect of daio (rhei rhizoma) on the progression of diabetic nephropathy with overt proteinuria.
Establishing the existence of the active stomach point in the auricle utilizing radial artery tonometry.
Acupuncture increases nitric oxide synthase expression in hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Anti-phlogistic and immunocompetent effects of acupuncture treatment in women suffering from chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases.
Effect of apitherapy in piglets with preweaning diarrhea.
Adverse reactions to herbal therapy in dermatology.
Complementary and alternative medicine in cancer.
Acupuncture fails to reduce but increases anaesthetic gas required to prevent movement in response to surgical incision.
A response to 'Vegetarian anaesthesia', Krishna G M, Anaesthesia 2003; 58: 501.
Side-effects of complementary and alternative medicine.
Cultural childbirth practices and beliefs in Zambia.
Fingerprint analysis of Flos Carthami by capillary electrophoresis.
Cinnamaldehyde induces apoptosis by ROS-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells.
Preliminary comparative analysis of medicinal plants used in the traditional medicine of Bulgaria and Italy.
The use of medicinal plants in self-care in rural central Ethiopia.
CAM: definition and classification overview.
Manual therapy for neck pain found more cost-effective.
Cervical artery dissection in a chiropractic patient population of northern Italy - a reply on the article Pezzini et al., J Neurol 249 (2002): 1401-1403.
Measurement of 40k as an indicator of body potassium: implication for diabetes and other disease conditions.
Safety of a patented special butterbur root extract for migraine prevention.
Antihypertensive effects of tannins isolated from traditional Chinese herbs as non-specific inhibitors of angiontensin converting enzyme.
Acupuncture suppresses ischemia-induced increase in c-Fos expression and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region in gerbils.
Chronic Spinal Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Medication, Acupuncture, and Spinal Manipulation.
50 years of medicinal plant research - every progress in methodology is a progress in science.
Tetramethylpyrazine as potassium channel opener to lower calcium influx into cultured aortic smooth muscle cells.
Evolution of surgical paediatrics in China.
Functional improvement by electro-acupuncture after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.
In vivo antimalarial activity of Vernonia amygdalina.
Homeopathy: beliefs, praxis, tests
Nutrition and health--potential health benefits and risks of vegetarianism and limited consumption of meat in the Netherlands
The evidence base for complementary and alternative medicine: methods of Evidence Mapping with application to CAM.
Whole systems research: a discipline for studying complementary and alternative medicine.
Ethnic minority use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM): a national probability survey of CAM utilizers.
The effect of fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare) seed oil emulsion in infantile colic: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.
The role of laughter in traditional medicine and its relevance to the clinical setting: healing with ha!
Reasons for complementary therapies and characteristics of users among HIV-infected people.
Canadian doctors question marijuana for medicinal use.
Mode of action of ipomoea batatas (Caiapo) in type 2 diabetic patients.
Women's beliefs regarding food restrictions during common childhood illnesses: a hospital based study.
Elucidation of a novel epitope of a substrate-inducing monoclonal antibody against the serpin PAI-1.
Pharmacological treatment of headache using traditional Persian medicine.
Prevention and treatment on severe acute respiratory syndrome
Jointing hands fighting SARS by Chinese medicine and Western medicine--interview by Chen Ke-ji academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Clinical observation on 103 patients of severe acute respiratory syndrome treated by integrative traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
Anti-fungal test of composite agastache lotion on seven pathogenic fungi and its clinical application
Therapeutic efficacy of combined application of lamivudine and bushen recipe in treating chronic hepatitis B and its influence on YMDD motif
Effect of fuzheng yiliu granule on nuclear transcriptional factor-kappa B and cell cycle in patients with breast carcinoma
Observation on efficacy of CT positioning scalp circum-needling combined with Chinese herbal medicine in treating poly-infarctional vascular dementia
Effect of fluticasone inhalation combined with xiaoqinglong decoction on pulmonary function and serum interleukin-16 level in asthma patients
Effect of Chinese herbal medicine for activating blood circulation to remove stasis on CD11b/CD18 expression in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2
Protective effect of ginkgo biloba extract on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
Effect of zhidan huayu oral liquid on mycoplasmal pneumonia in mice
Effect of xinmaitong on wild-type p53 gene expression in rabbits with carotid endothelial injury
Screening 20 Chinese herbs often used for clearing heat and dissipating toxin with nude mice model of hepatitis C viral infection
Skillful in both Chinese and and Western, learning Yin-Yang--my way of integrating operation with TCM
Influence of anoxia/reoxygenation on immunofunction of endothelial cells and effect of intervention with yisheng injection on it
Effect of breviscapine on urinary micro-albumine in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2
Minute on the 5th Guangdong Provincial Conference of integrated medicine on deficiency syndrome and geriatrics
The Supposed Supremacy of the Natural
Alternative medicine: scrutiny of the methods, not of the certification!
Food and life, pleasure and worry, among American college students: gender differences and regional similarities.
Complementary and alternative medicine use by Canadian patients with inflammatory bowel disease: results from a national survey.
Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by Scutellaria baicalensis.
An open-label pilot study of St. John's wort in juvenile depression.
Forty-three cases of acute lumbar sprain treated by acupuncture plus kinesitherapy.
Treatment of sprain by electro-acupuncture.
Acupuncture and blood-letting for 30 cases of rheumatic gonitis.
Treatment of prolapse of rectum with acupuncture combined with TCM drugs in 38 cases.
Clinical observation on acupuncture treatment of insomnia in 35 cases.
Effects of warm needling at zusanli (ST 36) on NO and IL-2 levels in the middle-aged and old people.
Treatment by electro-acupuncture and massage in 172 cases of cervical spondylopathy.
Acupuncture treatment of habitual constipation.
Acupuncture treatment of insomnia--a report of 28 cases.
Effects of acupuncture on monoamine neurotransmitters in raphe nuclei in obese rats.
Prevalence and pattern of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in hypertensive patients of a tertiary care center in India.
Forsythia fructus inhibits the mast-cell-mediated allergic inflammatory reactions.
Effects of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods vs lovastatin on serum lipids and C-reactive protein.
Morning Star Rising: healing in Native American communities.
Hepatotoxicity and complementary and alternative medicines.
Veganism as status passage: the process of becoming a vegan among youths in Sweden.
Spectrum of psychotropic effects and mechanism of action of ultra low doses of the antibodies to S-100 protein (proproten)
The use of complementary and alternative medicine therapies in type 2 diabetic patients in Mexico.
Information-seeking behavior in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM): an online survey of faculty at a health sciences campus.
Influence of mistletoe ( Viscum album) extracts on phagocytosis/burst activity of human phagocytes.
Plant models for fundamental research in homeopathy.
Study of the practice of homeopathic general practitioners in France.
Patient-practitioner-remedy (PPR) entanglement. Part 3. Refining the quantum metaphor for homeopathy.
Size does matter and Homeopathic treatment of premenstrual symptoms.
Cholesterol-lowering effect of beta-glucan from oat bran in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects may decrease when beta-glucan is incorporated into bread and cookies.
Ascorbic acid from lime juice does not improve the iron status of iron-deficient women in rural Mexico.
Migraine--acupuncture a good alternative
In Process Citation
Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy.
Serenoa repens extract for benign prostate hyperplasia: a randomized controlled trial.
Vegetarian diet in glutaric aciduria type I
Herbal medicines: Newer rules, familiar problems. Proposed regulations may improve quality but still won't require proof of safety and effectiveness.
Biochemical importance of glycosylation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.
Aromatherapy and massage: the evidence.
Complementary therapies: knowledge and attitudes of health professionals.
Stacking up the benefits of three popular herbs.
Spinal manipulative therapy for low back pain.
Complementary and alternative medicine use among patients attending a hospital dermatology clinic in Taiwan.
Mycobacterium chelonae infection with multiple cutaneous lesions after treatment with acupuncture.
Bridging the gap across fields of practice.
Lateral epicondylalgia: a musculoskeletal physiotherapy perspective.
A systematic review of physiotherapy for spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.
Relationship between cranio-cervical flexion range of motion and pressure change during the cranio-cervical flexion test.
Quantitative analysis of traction in the glenohumeral joint. In vivo radiographic measurements.
The effect of cervical rotation on blood flow in the contralateral vertebral artery.
Adherence to rehabilitation in patients with low back pain.
Validating clinical reasoning: a question of perspective, but whose perspective?
False-negative extension/rotation pre-manipulative screening test on a patient with an atretic and hypoplastic vertebral artery.
Acupuncture for chronic low back pain in older patients: a randomized, controlled trial.
Bigeminy--the result of interaction between digoxin and St. John's wort
UK Back pain Exercise And Manipulation (UK BEAM) trial - national randomised trial of physical treatments for back pain in primary care: objectives, design and interventions [ISRCTN32683578].
Structural determinants in the stability of the serpin/proteinase complex.
Black tea extract supplementation decreases oxidative damage in Jurkat T cells.
The acupuncture wars: the professionalizing of American acupuncture--a view from Massachusetts.
Teaching in Spanish medical schools.
The Pressor Effect of Electroacupuncture on Hemorrhagic Hypotension.
Technology, tradition unite in India's drug discovery scheme.
Inhibition of proliferation and expression of AR/PSA by herbal supplement Equiguard in LNCaP cells cultured in androgen-proficient FBS and androgen-deficient charcoal-stripped FBS is correlated with increased serine-15 phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor gene p53.
Double-blinded placebo-controlled study of Phyllanthus urinaris for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
Alternative medicines and the liver.
Plants used in Chinese and Indian traditional medicine for improvement of memory and cognitive function.
Pharmacological evidence for antidementia effect of Choto-san (Gouteng-san), a traditional Kampo medicine.
In Process Citation
Approaches to the treatement of diabetes mellitus: an overview.
The relative safety of ephedra compared with other herbal products.
Complementary medicine: where is the evidence?
In vivo and in vitro stimulatory effects of Cordyceps sinensis on testosterone production in mouse Leydig cells.
Medical marijuana to sell for 5 dollars per gram.
Arnica montana and homeopathic dosing guidelines.
Acupuncture and responses of immunologic and endocrine markers during competition.
Cobalamin deficiency in a breast-fed infant of a vegetarian mother.
Traditional herbal drugs of Bulamogi, Uganda: plants, use and administration.
Cervical spine geometry correlated to cervical degenerative disease in a symptomatic group.
Lateral cervical curve changes in patients receiving chiropractic care after a motor vehicle collision: a retrospective case series.
Spinal palpation: The challenges of information retrieval using available databases.
Dietary diversity: case study of fruit and vegetable consumption by chiropractic patients.
Chiropractic care of a pediatric patient with myasthenia gravis.
Complementary medicine in Exeter: a 10-year jubilee
10 years research in complementary medicine: a bridge between past and future. Interview with Prof. Dr. h.c. Alois Stacher, Vienna by M. Ullmann
Treatment of tennis elbow: the evidence.
A pain neuromatrix approach to patients with chronic pain.
The efficacy of stretching for prevention of exercise-related injury: a systematic review of the literature.
Psychometric properties of a generic health measure in Chinese patients with low back pain in Hong Kong.
Lumbar multifidus muscle size does not differ whether ultrasound imaging is performed in prone or side lying.
Side-to-side weight-bearing asymmetry in subjects with low back pain.
Anatomical and possible clinical relationships between the calcaneofibular ligament and peroneus brevis--a pilot study.
Measuring range of active cervical rotation in a position of full head flexion using the 3D Fastrak measurement system: an intra-tester reliability study.
Post-herpetic neuralgia: possible mechanisms for pain relief with manual therapy.
Comments on 'Achilles tendinopathy'.
Clinical manifestations of urinary disorders and their treatment in ageing men
In Process Citation
Efficacy and safety of plant stanols and sterols in the management of blood cholesterol levels.
The education and medical practice of Dr. James McCune Smith (1813-1865), first black American to hold a medical degree.
The effect of auricular acupuncture on anaesthesia: a search for optimal design.
Novel antiviral agents: a medicinal plant perspective.
Effect of oral administration of tormentil root extract (Potentilla tormentilla) on rotavirus diarrhea in children: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial.
The cardiotonic effect of the crude ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander in the isolated guinea pig hearts.
Moving forward with integrative AIDS research.
Modulation of pain signal processing by electric acupoint stimulation: an electroencephalogram study.
Study on the effect of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on obesity
Relations between brain network activation and analgesic effect induced by low vs. high frequency electrical acupoint stimulation in different subjects: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Tetracera loureiri.
Effect of a dysmenorrhea Chinese medicinal prescription on uterus contractility in vitro.
Alkaloids from Brugmansia arborea (L.) Lagerhein reduce morphine withdrawal in vitro.
Apoptosis of Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma CNE-2Z Cells Induced by Tubeimoside I
Ionisers for chronic asthma.
Aroma therapy for dementia.
In Process Citation
The "doctrine of signatures" and graphical technologies at the dawn of modernity
Complementary and integrative medical therapies, the FDA, and the NIH: definitions and regulation.
Does complementary medicine work?
Acupuncture, electrostimulation, and reflex therapy in dermatology.
Homeopathy in dermatology.
Traditional Chinese medicine in dermatology.
From medical herbalism to phytotherapy in dermatology: back to the future.
Complementary therapy for atopic eczema and other allergic skin diseases.
Complementary therapy for psoriasis.
Is the increasing use of evidence-based pharmacotherapy causing the renaissance of complementary medicine?
Preparation and clinical application of Teflon-wire piston and stapes height measurer
Manual therapy is component of physiotherapy.
Complementary and alternative medicine: the next generation of health promotion?
Acupuncture therapy for sleep-related laryngospasm.
Complains about homeopathy
Has it been thought through?
Exploration on the mother edition of Wang Bing's Annotated Su wen (Plain Questions)
Japan kampo medicine authority, yakazu doumei
Origin of and analysis on "wind syndrome" in medicine of Dong nationality
In Process Citation
Use of phytoestrogens in medicine
Troubled times for Canada's medical marijuana program.
Marihuana Medical Access Regulations unconstitutional because they do not provide for legal source or supply of marijuana.
Possession of cannabis legal for now.
Criminal charges against marijuana compassion club volunteers stayed on constitutional grounds.
Anatomy for the acupuncturist--facts & fiction. 1: The head and neck region.
The effects of electroacupuncture on peripheral nerve regeneration in rats.
Acupuncture for soft tissue shoulder disorders: a series of 201 cases.
Preparing a poster.
An audit of self-acupuncture in primary care.
Referred knee pain treated with electroacupuncture to iliopsoas.
Low back pain in pregnancy.
Acupuncture for low back pain in pregnancy.
Practising acupuncture in the developing world.
Acupuncture in a rehabilitation setting: Wu visits Wuhan.
Acupuncture in a patient with neurofibromatosis.
Acupuncture for intractable hiccups.
The influence of an internal electric field upon protein crystallization using the gel-acupuncture method.
Reflexology treatment relieves symptoms of multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled study.
The safety of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) during breastfeeding.
Medical marijuana center opens doors.
Scoparone inhibits tissue factor expression in lipopolysaccharide-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Puerariae radix prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice.
Randomised trial of acupuncture compared with conventional massage and "Sham" laser acupuncture for treatment of chronic neck pain - range of motion analysis
Effects of yanlieping formula on mice with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis
Does pain relief improve pain behavior and mood in chronic pain patients?
Tender active acupoint is not an ideal control for acupressure study.
Carrying a heavy burden.
Cabbage leaves: cabbage leaves can help inflammation of any body part.
Cabbage leaves: cabbage leaves are poor man's poultice.
Medicine in the Northern Territory: an alternative Australian experience.
PG490-mediated sensitization of lung cancer cells to Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis requires activation of ERK2.
Impact of culture on health care.
Effect of acupuncture on nitric oxide synthase expression in cerebral cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with electromagnetic millimeter waves applied to acupuncture points--a randomized double blind clinical study.
Case studies of laser Doppler imaging system for clinical diagnosis applications and management.
Proceedings of the 4th International Congress on Vegetarian Nutrition. Loma Linda, California, USA. April 8-11, 2002.
The contribution of vegetarian diets to health and disease: a paradigm shift?
Does low meat consumption increase life expectancy in humans?
Mortality in British vegetarians: review and preliminary results from EPIC-Oxford.
Lessons from dietary studies in Adventists and questions for the future.
The effect of vegetarian diet, plant foods, and phytochemicals on hemostasis and thrombosis.
Spicing up a vegetarian diet: chemopreventive effects of phytochemicals.
Type 2 diabetes and the vegetarian diet.
What do vegetarians in the United States eat?
Bioavailability of iron, zinc, and other trace minerals from vegetarian diets.
Achieving optimal essential fatty acid status in vegetarians: current knowledge and practical implications.
Nutrition ecology: the contribution of vegetarian diets.
Sustainability of meat-based and plant-based diets and the environment.
Quantification of the environmental impact of different dietary protein choices.
Comparison of electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization techniques in the analysis of the main constituents from Rhodiola rosea extracts by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Use of a Markov transition model to analyse longitudinal low-back pain data.
Psychosis related to ephedra-containing herbal supplement use.
Multiple n = 1 trials in the identification of responders and non-responders to the cognitive effects of Ginkgo biloba.
Panax ginseng: a role in cancer therapy?
Acetone extract of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium inhibits proliferation of A549 human lung cancer cells via inducing apoptosis and suppressing telomerase activity.
Methodological differences in clinical trials evaluating nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatments of hip and knee osteoarthritis.
The cerebrovascular response to traditional acupuncture after stroke.
Alternative treatment modalities in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Thermo-visual evaluation of the Yin-Tang acupuncture point for intracranial hypertension syndrome.
Antispastic effect of electroacupuncture and moxibustion in stroke patients.
Clinical observations on postoperative vomiting treated by auricular acupuncture.
Immunohistochemical localization of cyclooxygenase-2 in pregnant rat uterus by Sp-6 acupuncture.
Adverse effects of acupuncture. Which are clinically significant?
Benefits and barriers to the consumption of a vegetarian diet in Australia.
Terpenoids in Buddleja: relevance to chemosystematics, chemical ecology and biological activity.
The future of drugs from plants.
Understanding the transition from alternative medicine to mainstream science: the homocysteine theory of heart disease and the crucial role of effective mentoring.
In Process Citation
In Process Citation
Cannabis use in multiple sclerosis: excited interest.
Cannabis use as described by people with multiple sclerosis.
"Pass the Tablet Please.".
Th1/Th2 balance: The hypothesis, its limitations, and implications for health and disease.
Inflammatory bowel disease part 1: ulcerative colitis - pathophysiology and conventional and alternative treatment options.
Hot flashes - a review of the literature on alternative and complementary treatment approaches.
Acupuncture in the management of myofascial pain and headache.
The suppressive effect of triptolide on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis by down-regulating Th1-type response.
Phytomedicines for the prostate.
Homeopathy in childhood asthma.
Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to analyze the regeneration microenvironment of facial nerve and its response to acupuncture
Expression of GDNF in dorsal root ganglion after partial dorsal root rhizotomy and acupuncture in spared root
c-jun expression in spared dorsal root ganglion following partial dorsal root rhizotomy and acupuncture
Analysis of lead content in herbal preparations in Malaysia.
Complementary and alternative methods of treatment of neck pain.
Complementary and alternative medical practices: training, experience, and attitudes of a primary care medical school faculty.
Design and testing of the use of a complementary and alternative therapies survey in women with breast cancer.
Protective effects of Chinese herbs on D-galactose-induced oxidative damage.
Mistletoe for cancer? A systematic review of randomised clinical trials.
Systematic review: hepatotoxic events associated with herbal medicinal products.
A novel biflavonoid from roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis cultivated in China.
Chronic use of echinacea should be discouraged.
Alternatives to lindane.
Alternative medicine and male reproduction.
Qualitative study of the use of traditional healing by asthmatic Navajo families.
Isolated episodes of atrial fibrillation and acupuncture.
Effects of Xuefu Zhuyu Tang and mitomycin C on liver tumors in mice.
Options for the prevention and management of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in children.
Soft tissue abscess and osteomyelitis secondary to acupuncture.
Relationship between vitamin use, smoking, and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.
Lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia: fast control of the patient's quality of life.
Lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia: minimizing morbidity caused by treatment.
The effect of calcineurin activator, extracted from Chinese herbal medicine, on memory and immunity in mice.
A Phase I-II study in the use of acupuncture-like transcutaneous nerve stimulation in the treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia in head-and-neck cancer patients treated with radical radiotherapy.
Patients' attraction to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM): a reality which physicians can neither ignore nor deny
Blood and tissue concentration of cesium after exposure to cesium chloride: a report of two cases.
The use of complementary and alternative therapies by people with multiple sclerosis.
Dual effects of acupuncture on gastric motility in conscious rats.
Choosing treatment for Alzheimer's patients and their caregivers.
Assessing alternative medicine: methodological and research policy concerns.
Cytotoxic effect of Plantago spp. on cancer cell lines.
Ethnobotany and antibacterial activity of some plants used in traditional medicine of Zapotitlán de las Salinas, Puebla (México).
Antimicrobial activity of selected Peruvian medicinal plants.
Effects of aqueous extracts of Satureja hortensis L. on rhinosinusitis treatment in rabbit.
Ethnoveterinary medicines for cattle (Bos indicus) in Bulamogi county, Uganda: plant species and mode of use.
A novel ginseng saponin metabolite induces apoptosis and down-regulates fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in myeloma cells.
Complementary and alternative medicine: foundations, ethics, and law.
Evaluating complementary and alternative medicine: the limits of science and of scientists.
A dose of our own medicine: alternative medicine, conventional medicine, and the standards of science.
Informed consent, shared decision-making, and complementary and alternative medicine.
Complementary health care: a welcome addition to an employee benefits program.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a mannose-binding lectin gene from Crinum asiaticum.
Obstacles to research in complementary and alternative medicine.
The profile of women who consult alternative health practitioners in Australia.
The regulation of complementary health: sacrificing integrity?
Complementary medicine: is it more acceptable in palliative care practice?
An herbal El Dorado: the quest for botanical wealth in the Spanish Empire.
The relative safety of ephedra compared with other herbal products.
The relative safety of ephedra compared with other herbal products.
The relative safety of ephedra compared with other herbal products.
Determination of five major iridoid glucosides in Flos Lonicerae by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection.
In Process Citation
Acupuncture facilitates neuromuscular and oculomotor responses to skin incision with no influence on auditory evoked potentials under sevoflurane anaesthesia.
Mental disorders and reasons for using complementary therapy.
Buddhism and traditional medicine in Sri Lanka by Jinadasa Liyanaratne.
Alternative aid for aching backs. Massage and spinal manipulation are about as effective as mainstream methods.
Comparison of the responsiveness of the Harris Hip Score with generic measures for hip function in osteoarthritis of the hip.
University research in natural and complementary medicine prospects and state of the art
Acupuncture Randomized Trials (ART) in Patients with Migraine or Tension-Type Headache - Design and Protocols.
Acupuncture Randomized Trials (ART) in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain and Osteoarthritis of the Knee - Design and Protocols.
Entanglement model of homeopathy as an example of generalized entanglement predicted by weak quantum theory.
Use of CAM results in delay in seeking medical advice for breast cancer.
Plasma erythropoietin level in patients with cirrhosis and its relationship to the severity of cirrhosis and renal function.
A pilot study for a randomized clinical trial assessing chiropractic care, medical care, and self-care education for acute and subacute neck pain patients.
Chiropractic treatment of temporomandibular disorders using the activator adjusting instrument: A prospective case series.
Chiropractic management of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A report of two cases.
2003 Greenwall Bioethics Award. Complementary and alternative medicine. Ethical and legal aspects of informed consent to treatment.
Mild depression in general practice: time for a rethink?
The association between mental distress and the use of alternative medicine among cancer patients in North Norway.
Comparative efficacy of Keishi-bukuryo-gan and pentoxifylline on RBC deformability in patients with "oketsu" syndrome.
Hydroxyl radical and hypochlorous acid scavenging activity of small centaury (Centaurium erythraea) infusion. A comparative study with green tea (Camellia sinensis).
Acupuncture for substance abuse.
Use of complementary medicine in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy.
Acupuncture analgesia and electromyography.
Acupuncture for persistent symptoms in a patient with mild traumatic brain injury: A case report: Sridevi Mukkamala, MD (Metro Health Medical Center, Cleveland, OH); Nishin Tambay, MD, e-mail: [email protected]
Efficacy of physical medicine modalities in the treatment of neuromusculoskeletal pain: A review of literature. Susan K. Mihans, PT (National Institutes of Health, Silver Spring, MD); Jay P. Shah, MD; Jill Gleason, PT; Jerome V. Danoff, PhD, e-mail: [email protected]
Acupuncture for treatment of chronic pain referred to rehabilitation clinic: Perspectives in a municipal hospital setting. Shalabh K. Gupta, MD (Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine/NYU Medical Center, New York, NY); Alex Moroz, MD; Veronika Schoeb, MHA; Izumi N. Cabrera, MA; Roy Amazalorso, OMD; Mathew H. M. Lee, MD, MPH, e-mail: [email protected]
Computerized infrared imaging as a tool in monitoring the clinical response to acupuncture treatment in a patient with chronic abdominal pain: A case report. Jeffrey M. Cohen, MD (New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY); Sam S. Wu, MD; Sandra Yuhn, BA; Mathew H. Lee, MD, e-mail: [email protected]
First-year acupuncture treatment experience of a physiatrist. Gouri Chaudhuri, MD (Marianjoy Rehabilitation Hospital, Wheaton, IL), e-mail: [email protected]
Ultrasound-guided needle aspiration and lavage for treatment of rotator cuff calcific tendonitis: A case report. Grant Cooper, MD (Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY); Gregory E. Lutz, MD; Ronald S. Adler, MD, e-mail: [email protected]
Activity against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mexican plants used to treat respiratory diseases.
Ether fraction of methanol extracts of Gastrodia elata, medicinal herb protects against neuronal cell damage after transient global ischemia in gerbils.
The meaning of complementary and alternative medicine practices among people with HIV in the United States: strategies for managing everyday life.
The deeper significance of complementary and alternative medicine.
Vanishing into the hills of Burma: traditional Karen medicine.
The use of electro-acupuncture in conjunction with exercise for the treatment of chronic low-back pain.
An alternative way to individualized medicine: psychological and physical traits of Sasang typology.
Is naturopathy as effective as conventional therapy for treatment of menopausal symptoms?
Evaluation of the Tzu Chi Institute for Complementary and Alternative Medicine's Integrative Care Program.
Placing the consumption of private complementary medicine: everyday geographies of older peoples' use.
The aging woman: the role of medical therapy.
The use of complementary and alternative medicines by surgical patients: a follow-up survey study.
The use of complementary and alternative medicine by asthma patients.
Review of complementary and alternative medicine in treatment of ocular allergies.
Alternative treatment possibilities of complaints due to endometriosis
The factors associated with the belief that vegetarian diets provide health benefits.
Analysis of the hypericin and pseudohypericin content of commercially available St John's Wort preparations.
Trends in access to complementary or alternative medicines via primary care in England: 1995-2001 Results from a follow-up national survey.
Pitfalls in conducting systematic reviews of acupuncture.
Homeopathy in childhood asthma.
Homeopathy in childhood asthma.
Homeopathy in childhood asthma.
Homeopathy in childhood asthma.
The use of complementary medicine in children with atopic dermatitis in secondary care in Leicester.
Syphilis referred from complementary medicine therapy.
A systematic review of training in acute obstetric emergencies.
Blood donation and acupuncture.
Chiropractic manipulation for non-spinal pain--a systematic review.
Patterns and perceptions of complementary/alternative medicine among paediatricians and patients' mothers: a review of the literature.
Study on the combination principles about aconite roots by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Use of acupuncture for the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia: a preliminary investigation.
Why lupus patients use alternative medicine.
Herbal remedies: integration into conventional medicine.
Simultaneous determination of 3 kinds of components in Gardenia by high-performance liquid chromatography under different UV-vis wave length
Loperamide increases glucose ultilization in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on potassium channels to lower calcium concentration in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells.
Alternative Therapies for Headache.
Therapeutic Effects of Hominis placenta Injection into an Acupuncture Point on the Inflammatory Responses in Subchondral Bone Region of Adjuvant-Induced Polyarthritic Rat.
Reduction of Noise-stress-induced Physiological Damage by Radices of Astragali and Rhodiolae: Glycogen, Lactic Acid and Cholesterol Contents in Liver of the Rat.
A randomized trial of combined manipulation, stabilizing exercises, and physician consultation compared to physician consultation alone for chronic low back pain.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine for temporomandibular disorders.
In Process Citation
In Process Citation
In Process Citation
The production of hypericins and hyperforin by in vitro cultures of Hypericum perforatum.
Reviewing ethnopharmacology-a forum for critical assessment, analysis and discussion.
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the leaf extracts and essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill.
Constituents of the Argentinian medicinal plant Baccharis grisebachii and their antimicrobial activity.
Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity assessment of plants used as remedy in Turkish folk medicine.
Chinese and Related North American Herbs: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values. Thomas S.C. Li, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2002, 598 pp., $169.95 (hardcover), $169.95, ISBN 1-58716-128-1.
Rhein induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells via reactive oxygen species-independent mitochondrial death pathway.
Potential of commonly consumed green leafy vegetables for their antioxidant capacity and its linkage with the micronutrient profile.
In Process Citation
In Process Citation
Acupuncture: on what should its evidence base be based?
Developing methods for acupuncture research: rationale for and design of a pilot study evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture for chronic low back pain.
Visit time as a framework for reimbursement: time spent with chiropractors and acupuncturists.
The effect of four different types of food on the bioavailability of cefaclor.
Complementary and alternative medicine as represented in the HIV/AIDS body of knowledge: a bibliometric analysis.
An over four millennium story behind qinghaosu (artemisinin)-a fantastic antimalarial drug from a traditional chinese herb.
Movement disorders possibly induced by traditional chinese herbs.
Inhibitory effect of jujuboside a on glutamate-mediated excitatory signal pathway in hippocampus.
The Xanthones Gentiacaulein and Gentiakochianin are Responsible for the Vasodilator Action of the Roots of Gentiana kochiana.
The control of somesthesia caused by neuroreflex stimulation: quantification of stimulus response as opposed to energy |
- Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages
Kingdom of Hungary
Magyar Királyság (hu)
Regnum Hungariae (la)
← 1000–1538 →
Árpád war flag
(11th to 13th centuries)
Coat of arms
(late 15th century)
Capital Székesfehérvár and later Buda Religion Roman Catholic Government Monarchy Monarch - 1000–38 Stephen I of Hungary History - Coronation of
- Ottoman occupation
- Abdication of John II
Currency Denarius silver coin (from 970s) with Florentinus golden coin (from 1325) History of Hungary
This article is part of a series
Prehistory Prehistoric Pannonia Prehistoric Magyars Early history Roman Pannonia Magyar invasion Middle Ages (896–1541) Principality of Hungary
Medieval Kingdom of Hungary
Early Modern history Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
Principality of Transylvania
Late modern period Rákóczi's War
Revolution of 1848 Austria-Hungary
Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen Hungary in World War I Interwar period
Kingdom of Hungary
World War II Contemporary history
(1946 to present)
Republic of Hungary
Revolution of 1956 Republic of Hungary
Topical Church history Military history Music history Jewish history Székely people
The Kingdom of Hungary was formed from the previous Principality of Hungary with the coronation of Stephen I in AD 1000. This was a result of the conversion of Géza of Hungary to the Western Church in the 970s.
This kingdom was led by the Árpád Dynasty for the next three centuries. Eventually the Árpád line died out and the Kingdom of Hungary again descended into anarchy, with the most powerful nobles competing for control. After the Árpád Dynasty ended, Hungary's nobles chose a series of foreign kings who re-established strong royal authority.
The kingdom disintegrated as a result of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. Before the Ottoman occupancy, on 24 February 1538, the Habsburgs and Szapolyai divided the kingdom according to the secret agreement of Nagyvárad. The country was effectively split into three parts in 1541: a central portion controlled by the Ottoman Empire as Budin Province, a western part controlled by Habsburg Austria as Royal Hungary, and Transylvania as the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom which became an Ottoman vassal state.
The Latin name Regnum Hungariae/Vngarie (as well as the Hungarian Magyar Királyság and the German Königreich Ungarn) was revived in the 1840s to denote the Habsburg-ruled Royal Hungary until the establishment of the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary in 1867.
The term Natio Hungarica was reserved for the elite with participation in the Hungarian Diet.
Árpád dynasty (970s—1301)
Principality of Hungary
In the 970s—as a pressing result of the changed domestic and foreign affairs—chief prince Géza adopted Christianity, and started spreading it in the country. At the same time he started to organize the central power, too. He hardly ever made war against foreign countries during his 25-year-long princely rule. His peace policy was reinforced by dynastic marriages—which were quite usual at that time—between his children and members of foreign ruling families, in order to consolidate the rule of the Magyars in the Carpathian Basin.
Géza's efforts to establish a stable state power and guarantee the throne for his son were not successful because he had to share the country with the other members of the principal family. Prince Koppány also laid claim to the throne. In the Hungarian succession the theory of seniority—the right of the oldest living brother—prevailed. Koppány also laid claim upon the principal's widow, Sarolt. Géza's will, that his first-born son should inherit the throne, contradicted the ancestral right.
In connection with adopting Christianity, the question of vital importance was whether Hungary should join the western or the Eastern Orthodox Church. Initially (around 948) the Hungarian noblemen joined the Byzantine Church. In the autumn of 972 Saint Adalbert of Prague was sent as bishop of the Hungarians by Pope Silvester II to spread western Christianity among the Hungarians. He christened Géza and his family. His wife, Sharolt, had been baptized by a Greek bishop in her early childhood. The decision to accept the second christening was dictated by foreign relations. The last phase of the Hungarian raids was directed against the southeast, and this alienated the Byzantines. It may have been a warning to the Hungarian principality when the Byzantine emperor abolished the political and religious independence of Bulgaria in the mid 11th century, after a period of short integration of the First Bulgarian Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire.
Consequently, the Hungarian chief prince needed the political, moral, and occasional military help of the German empire because of the Byzantine threat. Adopting western Christianity was thus both a cultural and a political event for the Hungarians. During Géza's reign, the plundering campaigns came to an end. His efforts to establish a country independent of other powers was almost successful before he died.
The Reign of István (Stephen)
When Géza died the issue of succession to the throne created tension at the court: by ancestral right Koppány should have claimed the throne, but Géza chose his first-born son to be his successor. The fight in the chief prince's family started after Géza's death, in 997. Koppány took up arms, and many people in Transdanubia joined him. The rebels represented the old faith and order, tribal independence and the pagan belief. His opposer, Vajk Stephen, got the name István (Stephen) when he was christened, at that time the prince of Nitra, supported by the loyal Magyar lords and German and Italian knights wanted to join European Christian community of independent states. Stephen won the throne struggle and became chieftain/prince. The victory of the Christian István over the pagan Koppány in the battle for succession was of the utmost importance in determining the future course of Hungarian history.
Stephen consolidated his rule by ousting other rival clan chiefs and confiscating their lands. Stephen then asked Pope Sylvester II to recognize him as king of Hungary. The pope agreed, and legend says Stephen was crowned on Christmas Day in the year 1000. The crowning legitimized Hungary as a Western kingdom independent of the Holy Roman and Byzantine empires. It also gave Stephen absolute power, which he used to strengthen the Roman Catholic Church and Hungary. Stephen ordered the people to pay tithes and required every tenth village to construct a church and support a priest. Stephen donated land to support bishoprics and monasteries, required all persons except the clergy to marry, and barred marriages between Christians and pagans. Foreign monks worked as teachers and introduced Western agricultural methods. In the earliest times Hungarian language was written in a runic-like script. The country switched to the Latin alphabet under Stephen. From 1000 to 1844, Latin was the official language of the country.
Stephen administered his kingdom through a system of counties (administrative model of Frankish Empire), each governed by an ispán count, or magistrate, appointed by the king. In Stephen's time, Magyar society had two classes: the freemen nobles and the unfree. The nobles were descended in the male line from the Magyars who had either migrated into the Carpathian Basin or had received their title of nobility from the king. Only nobles could hold office or present grievances to the king. They paid tithes and owed the crown military service but were exempt from taxes. The unfree—who had no political voice—were slaves, freed slaves, immigrants, or nobles stripped of their privileges. Most were serfs who paid taxes to the king and a part of each harvest to their lord for use of his land. The king had direct control of the unfree, thus checking the nobles' power.
Clan lands, crown lands, and former crown lands made up the early realm. Clan lands belonged to nobles, who could will the lands to family members or the church; if a noble died without an heir, his land reverted to his clan. Crown lands consisted of Stephen's patrimony, lands seized from disloyal nobles, conquered lands, and unoccupied parts of the kingdom. Former crown lands were properties granted by the king to the church or to individuals.
Stephen's most important successors, and the Mongol invasion, reconstruction
Stephen died in 1038 and was canonized in 1083. Despite pagan revolts and a series of succession struggles after his death, Hungary grew stronger and expanded. Transylvania was defended against nomads from the east, and Székelys (a tribe related to the Magyars), and Saxons were settled in the 11th and 12th centuries. Stephen created the Hungarian heavy cavalry as an example for Western European powers.
After his death, a period of revolts and conflict for supremacy ensued between the royalty and the nobles. In 1051 armies of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor tried to conquer Hungary, but they were defeated at Vértes Mountains and at Pressburg (Pozsony, today Bratislava) in 1052.
In 1091 Ladislaus I of Hungary conquered Croatia. According to an alternative history based on the document Pacta Conventa, which is most likely a forgery Hungary and Croatia created a personal union. There is no undoubtedley genuine document of the personal union, and medieval sources mention the annexation into the Hungarian kingdom. The actual nature of the relationship is inexplicable in modern terms because it varied from time to time. Sometimes Croatia acted as an independent agent and at other times as a vassal of Hungary. However, Croatia retained a large degree of internal independence. The degree of Croatian autonomy fluctuated throughout the centuries as did its borders.
The 11th and 12th centuries were relatively peaceful, and Hungary slowly developed into a western type of feudal economy. Crop production gradually supplemented stock breeding, but until the 12th century planting methods remained crude because tillers farmed each plot until it was exhausted, then moved on to fresh land. Gold, silver, and salt mining boosted the king's revenues. Despite the minting of coins, cattle remained the principal medium of exchange. Two important kings led portions of the remainder of the Árpád dynasty.
King Coloman the "Book-lover" (1095–1116)
King Coloman published his most famous law half a millennium before other governments: De strigis vero quae non sunt, nulla amplius quaestio fiat (As for the matter of witches, no such things exist, therefore no further investigations or trials are to be held).
Béla III (1172–1192)
Béla III was the most powerful and wealthiest member of the dynasty. Béla spent annual the equivalent of 23,000 kilograms (51,000 lb) of pure silver. It exceeded those of the French king (estimated at some 17,000 kilograms (37,000 lb)) and was double the receipts of the English Crown. He rolled back the Byzantine potency in the Balkan region. Agricultural methods and the clearing of additional land produced enough surplus to support a class of full-time craftsmen. In the 13th century Hungary's nobles were trading gold, silver, copper, and iron with western Europe for luxury goods.
Andrew II (1205–1235)
Until the end of the 12th century, the king's power remained supreme in Hungary. He was the largest landowner, and income from the crown lands nearly equaled the revenues generated from mines, customs, tolls, and the mint. In the 13th century, however, the social structure changed, and the crown's absolute power began to wane. As the crown lands became a less important source of royal revenues, the king found it expedient to make land grants to nobles to ensure their loyalty. King Andrew II (1205–35), a profligate spender on foreign military adventures and domestic luxury, made huge land grants to nobles who fought for him. These nobles, some of whom were foreign knights, soon made up a class of magnates whose wealth and power far outstripped that of the more numerous lesser nobles.
In 1211, he granted the Burzenland (Transylvania) to the Teutonic Knights. In 1225, Andrew II expelled the Teutonic Knights from Transylvania, hence Teutonic Order had to transfer to the Baltic sea. He led the Fifth Crusade to the Holy Land in 1217. He set up the largest royal army in the history of crusades (20,000 knights and 12,000 castle-garrisons). When Andrew tried to meet burgeoning expenses by raising the serfs' taxes, thereby indirectly slashing the lesser nobles' incomes, the lesser nobles rebelled. In 1222 they forced Andrew to sign the Golden Bull. The Golden Bull of 1222 was the first constitution in Continental Europe. It limited the king's power. The golden Bull—the Hungarian equivalent of England's Magna Carta—to which every Hungarian king thereafter had to swear. Its purpose was twofold: to reaffirm the rights of the smaller nobles of the old and new classes of royal servants (servientes regis) against both the crown and the magnates and to defend those of the whole nation against the crown by restricting the powers of the latter in certain fields and legalizing refusal to obey its unlawful/unconstitutional commands (the "ius resistendi"). The lesser nobles also began to present Andrew with grievances, a practice that evolved into the institution of the Hungarian Diet.
Béla IV (1235–1270)
Andrew II's son Béla IV (1235–79) tried with little success to reestablish royal preeminence by reacquiring lost crown lands. His efforts, however, created a deep rift between the crown and the magnates just as the Mongols were sweeping westward across Russia towards Europe. Aware of the danger, Bela ordered the magnates and lesser nobles to mobilize. Few responded, and the Mongols routed Bela's army at the Battle of Mohi on April 11, 1241. Bela fled first to Austria, where Duke Frederick II of Babenberg held him for ransom, then to Dalmatia. The Mongols reduced Hungary's towns and villages to ashes and slaughtered a great part (estimations go to 25–30%) of the population before news arrived in 1242 that the Great Ögedei Khan had died in Karakorum. The Mongols withdrew, sparing Bela and what remained of his kingdom. Another theory says, that Ögodei's death wasn't the only reason for the withdrawal of the Mongol Army. It is also possible that the leadership of the army realized that the campaign wasn't so successful as thought, due to the well-fortified castles and towns, and this would lead to a demoralisation soon. Therefore they decided to abort the campaign. The biggest calamity for the population were the periods of diseases and food shortages after the Mongol invasion. Only strongly fortified cities and abbeys could withstand the assault. As a consequence, after the Mongols retreated, King Béla ordered the construction of hundreds of stone castles and fortifications, meant to be defense against a possible second Mongol invasion.
Bela realized that reconstruction would require the magnates' support, so he abandoned his attempts to recover former crown lands. Instead, he granted crown lands to his supporters, reorganized the army by replacing light archers with heavy cavalry, and granted the magnates concessions to redevelop their lands and construct stone-and-mortar castles that would withstand enemy sieges. Bela repopulated the country with a wave of immigrants, transforming royal castles into towns and populating them with Germans, Italians, and Jews. Mining began anew, farming methods improved, and crafts and commerce developed in the towns. Additional Rumanians (Wallachs)—who already had some settlings in Transylvania—were also welcome to cross the Carpathians. Furthermore he resettled the Cumans of Cuthen, who left the country before the Mongol invasion into Kunság/Kiskunság/Nagykunság, and gave them autonomy. After Bela's reconstruction program, the magnates, with their new fortifications, emerged as Hungary's most powerful political force. However, by the end of the 13th century, they were fighting each other and carving out petty principalities.
King Bela IV died in 1270, and the Árpad line expired in 1301 when Andrew III, who strove with some success to limit the magnates' power, unexpectedly died without a male heir. Anarchy characterized Hungary as factions of magnates vied for control. During the reigns of the Kings after the Árpád dynasty, the Kingdom of Hungary reached its greatest extent, yet royal power was weakened as the major landlords (the Barons) greatly increased their influence. The most powerful landlords started to use royal prerogatives (coinage ,customs, declaration of wars against foreign monarchs).
The Medieval Hungarian State
"Medieval Hungarian constitutional development made the power of Hungarian Kings the most efficient one of medieval age, and that reason was the absence of feudalism. No doubt, infiltrations of feudalism, as prevalent through-out Europe, are to be found in old Hungarian institutions, but as an accidental inter-mixture only, not as their essence and chief feature. That blending of public prerogative with rights belonging to the sphere of private law, which is the essence of feudalism never prevailed in the organisation of Hungarian public powers, never broke their action on the nation as a whole. To this early prevalence of public law in the government of the country do Hungary owe not only a superior efficiency not detrimental to liberty of Hungarian public powers, but in connection with it an early growth of conscious national unity, of patriotism on broad lines, at a time when tribal feeling and feudal allegiance sub-divided all European nations into small units which paralysed each other, and into a corresponding fractional mentality adverse to the very idea of State and to inchoate national feeling." ( Count Albert Apponyi: "The juridical nature of the relations between Austria and Hungary" Arts and Science Congress, held at United States St. Louis in 1904 )
Hungarian Aristocracy in Medieval Age
The local (regional) power of aristocracy from medieval Hungary was based on three pillars: the court offices they performed; their domains and castles; their suite based at the institution of familiaritas (a kind of vassality). This study – reconstructing a concrete instance – tries to follow the interactions between these factors and to introduce the reader in the strange world of medieval Hungarian noble society with its legal procedures, practical solutions, family links, policies and rivalries. One of the conclusions I made, is that from these factors the primary and the most active one is that of court connections of aristocratic people and their political roles. They had chances to obtain new estates (conserving they actual power) and to protect their interestes only being in this status. Another conclusion is, that political changes on the national level (in the royal government, for ex.) had an instantly effect on the regional situation, on the fate of some estates, on the family policies and regional balance of forces.
Rank list of the most important medieval baronial titles and high offices
These barons were (under Sigismund of Luxemburg):
- the count palatine (comes palatinus)
- the voivode of Transylvania (woyuoda Transsiluanus)
- the judge of the royal court (iudex curiae regiae)
- the bans of Slavonia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Macsó, and Severin (bani)
- the master of the treasury (magister tavernicorum)
- the master of janitors (ianitorum regalium magister)
- the master of stewards (dapiferorum regalium magister)
- the master of the cup-bearers (pincernarum regalium magister)
- the marchall (agasonum regalium magister)
- counts of Pozsony (present day Bratislava) and Temes (present-day Timiş county)
- the high treasurer (summus thesaurarius)
- the count of the Szeklers
- the secret chancellor
Golden Era (1308–1490)
This first phase of this era was characterized by early centralization of royal power at the expense of oligarchic baronial powers, followed by a period of vast political-military expansion and sphere of influence in Central Europe, the Balkans and Eastern Europe under Hungary's first foreign king, Charles Robert, from the House of Anjou and his son Louis the Great. Central Europe was at peace, and Hungary and its neighbors prospered.
Considerable political influence in European and in the affairs of Holy Roman Empire followed with the accession of King Sigismund as King of the Romans in 1410. The last phase of this era was dominated by the energetic House of Hunyadi embodied by Regent-Governor John Hunyadi, a much heralded crusading general and his son King Matthias Corvinus. The Hunyadis placed robust crusading interventionism into neighboring states at the forefront of their realpolitik foreign policies. King Corvinus' meritocratic secular humanist Renaissance bureaucracy and a flowering of Italian Rennaisance culture created Europe's first Renaissance state north of the Alps.
Hungary's first two foreign kings, Charles Robert and Louis I of the House of Anjou, ruled during one of the most glorious periods in the country's history. Central Europe was at peace, and Hungary and its neighbors prospered.
Charles I (1308–1342)
After the destructive period of interregnum (1301–1308), the first Angevin king, Charles I of Hungary (King: 1308–1342) -An Árpád descendant in the female line- successfully restored the royal power, who defeated oligarch rivals, the so called "little kings". Charles I was crowned as a child and raised in Hungary. His new fiscal, customs and monetary policies proved successful under his reign. Charles Robert also introduced tax reforms and a stable currency. (For the new taxation and customs system see the economic policy of Charles I article.) One of the primary sources of his power was the wealth derived from the gold mines of east and northern Hungary. Eventually production reached the remarkable figure of 3,000 lb. of gold annually—one third of the total production of the world as then known, and five times as much as that of any other European state. He reestablished the crown's authority by ousting disloyal magnates and distributing their estates to his supporters. Charles Robert then ordered the magnates to recruit and equip small private armies called banderia. Charles Robert ruled by decree and convened the Diet only to announce his decisions. Dynastic marriages linked his family with the ruling families of Naples and Poland and heightened Hungary's standing abroad.
Hungary was the first non-Italian country, where the renaissance appeared in Europe.
The Renaissance style came directly from Italy during the Quattrocento to Hungary foremost in the Central European region. The development of the early Hungarian-Italian relationships was a reason of this infiltration, which weren't manifested only in dynastic connections, but in cultural, humanistic and commercial relations. This effect was getting stronger from the 14th century. In the first half of the 14th century, the statues of ladies, knights, court musicians, servants and guardsmen mark not only the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries, but also the beginning of a new age. Dressed in full-length gowns, richly gathered cloaks, pointed shoes and daring hats, they are an unexpected reminder of a flourishing, almost decadent Hungarian Trecento, whose mere existence was no more than a conjecture before the miraculous appearance of the archaeological foundings at Buda Castle.
The power of the former Árpad Dynasty was still based on the vast royal estates. Under the Angevins, the royal family was restored as the greatest land owning family of the realm (they had one-third of all lands), but Angevin power was rather based on the possession of castles (some 160 out of 300, while the most powerful non-royal family possessed seven).
Louis the Great (1342–1382)
Charles Robert's son and successor Louis I of Hungary (1342–82) maintained the strong central authority Charles I had amassed. In 1351 Louis issued a decree that reconfirmed the Golden Bull, erased all legal distinctions between the lesser nobles and the magnates, standardized the serfs' obligations, and barred the serfs from leaving the lesser nobles' farms to seek better opportunities on the magnates' estates. The decree also established the entail system. Hungary's economy continued to flourish during Louis's reign. Gold and other precious metals poured from the country's mines and enriched the royal treasury, foreign trade increased, new towns and villages arose, and craftsmen formed guilds. The prosperity fueled a surge in cultural activity, and Louis promoted the illumination of manuscripts and in 1367 founded Hungary's first university. Louis extended his rule over territories to the Adriatic Sea, and occupied the Kingdom of Naples several times. Under his reign lived the most famous epic hero of Hungarian literature and warfare, the king's Champion: Nicolas Toldi. Louis had become popular in Poland due to his successful campaigns against the Tatars and pagan Lithuanians. Two successful wars (1357–1358, 1378–1381) against Venice annexed Dalmatia and Ragusa and more territories at Adriatic Sea. Venice also had to raise the Angevin flag on St. Mark's Square on holy days. Louis I established a university in Pécs in 1367 (by papal accordance). The Ottoman Turks confronted the country ever more often. In 1366 and 1377, Louis led successful champaigns against the Ottomans (Batlle at Nicapoli in 1366), therefore Balkanian states became his vassals. From 1370, the death of Casimir III of Poland, Louis became king of Poland in 1370 and ruled the two countries for twelve years. Until his death, he retained his strong potency in political life of Italian Peninsula. While Louis was engaged in these activates, the Ottomans made their initial inroads into the Balkans.
Sigismund of Luxemburg (1386–1437)
Sigismund (1387–1437), Louis's son-in-law, won a bitter struggle for the throne after Louis died in 1382. Under Sigismund, Hungary's fortunes began to decline. Many Hungarian nobles despised Sigismund for his cruelty during the succession struggle, his long absences, and his costly foreign wars. In 1401 disgruntled nobles temporarily imprisoned the king. In 1403 another group crowned an anti-king, who failed to solidify his power but succeeded in selling Dalmatia to Venice. Sigismund failed to reclaim the territory. Sigismund became king of Bohemia in 1419. In 1404 Sigismund introduced the Placetum Regium. According to this decree, Papal bulls and messages could not be pronounced in Hungary without the consent of the king. Sigismund congregated Council of Constance (1414–1418) to abolish the Papal Schism of Catholic church, which was solved by the election of a new pope. In 1433 he even became Holy Roman Emperor. In response, Sigismund created the office of palatine to rule the country in his stead.
Like earlier Hungarian kings, Sigismund elevated his supporters to magnate status and sold off crown lands to meet burgeoning expenses. Although Hungary's economy continued to flourish, Sigismund's expenses outstripped his income. He bolstered royal revenues by increasing the serfs' taxes and requiring cash payment. Social turmoil erupted late in Sigismund's reign as a result of the heavier taxes and renewed magnate pressure on the lesser nobles. Hungary's first peasant revolt erupted when a Transylvanian bishop ordered peasants to pay tithes in coin rather than in kind. Also, Husite teachings spread among the population making the bishop more unpopular. The revolt was quickly checked, but it prompted Transylvania's Szekel, Magyar, and German orders to form the Union of Three Nations, which was an effort to defend their privileges against any power except that of the king. During his long reign Royal castle of Buda became probably the largest Gothic palace of the late Middle Ages. The first Hungarian Bible translation completed in 1439, but Hungarian Bible was illegal in its age. Hungary was the first non-Italian country, where the renaissance appeared in Europe.
Additional turmoil erupted when the Ottomans expanded their empire into the Balkans. They crossed the Bosporus Straits in 1352, occupied much of Bulgaria in 1423, and defeated the Serbs at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. Sigismund led a crusade against them in 1396, but the Ottomans routed his forces in the Battle of Nicopolis, and he barely escaped with his life. Tamerlane's invasion of Anatolia in 1402–03 slowed the Ottomans' progress for several decades, but in 1437 Sultan Murad II prepared to invade Hungary. Sigismund died the same year, and Hungary's next two kings, Albert II of Germany (1437–39) and Władysław III of Poland (1439–44), known in Hungary as Ulaszlo I, both died during campaigns against the Ottomans.
Count John Hunyadi's era
After Władysław III, Hungary's nobles chose an infant king, Ladislaus V the Posthumous, and a regent, John Hunyadi, to rule the country until the former came of age. The son of a lesser nobleman of the Vlach ( though some historians suggest a Cumanic) descent, who had won distinction in the wars against the Ottomans. Hunyadi rose to become a general, Transylvania's military governor, one of Hungary's largest landowners, and a war hero. He used his personal wealth and the support of the lesser nobles to win the regency and overcome the opposition of the magnates. Hunyadi then established a mercenary army funded by the first tax ever imposed on Hungary's nobles. He defeated the Ottoman forces in Transylvania in 1442 and broke their hold on Serbia in 1443, only to be routed at the Battle of Varna (where Władysław I (of Hungary) himself perished) a year later. In 1446, the parliament elected the great general János Hunyadi as governor (1446–1453) and then as regent (1453–1456) of the kingdom. In 1448 Hunyadi tried to expel the Turks from Europe, but because of the treachery of Serbs and Vlachs he was outnumbered and routed in the 3 days Battle of Kosovo Polje.
One of his greatest victories being the Siege of Belgrade in 1456. Hunyadi defended the city against the onslaught of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II. During the siege, Pope Callixtus III ordered the bells of every church to be rung every day at noon, as a call for believers to pray for the defenders of the city. However, in many countries (like England and Spanish kingdoms), news of the victory arrived before the order, and the ringing of the church bells at noon thus transformed into a commemoration of the victory. The Popes didn't withdraw the order, and Catholic churches still ring the noon bell to this day.
Hunyadi died of the plague soon after.
Matthias Corvinus and the Early Absolutism
Some magnates resented Hunyadi for his popularity as well as for the taxes he imposed, and they feared that his sons might seize the throne from Ladislaus. They coaxed the sons to return to Laszlo's court, where Hunyadi's elder son was beheaded. His younger son, Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, was imprisoned in Bohemia. However, lesser nobles loyal to Mátyás soon expelled László. After Ladislaus's death abroad, they paid ransom for Mátyás, met him on the frozen Danube River, and proclaimed him king. Corvinus (1458–90) was, with one possible exception (John Zápolya), the last Hungarian king to rule the country.
This was the first time in the medieval Hungarian kingdom that a member of the nobility, without dynastic ancestry and relationship, mounted the royal throne. A true Renaissance prince, a successful military leader and administrator, an outstanding linguist, a learned astrologer, and an enlightened patron of the arts and learning. András Hess set up a printing press in Buda in 1472.
Although Matthias regularly convened the Diet and expanded the lesser nobles' powers in the counties, he exercised absolute rule over Hungary by means of a secular bureaucracy. Matthias enlisted 30,000 foreign and Hungarian mercenaries in his standing army and built a network of fortresses along Hungary's southern frontier, but he did not pursue his father's aggressive anti-Turkish policy. Instead, Mátyás launched unpopular attacks on Bohemia, Poland, and Austria, pursuing an ambition to become Holy Roman Emperor and arguing that he was trying to forge a unified Western or Central European alliance strong enough to expel the Ottoman Turks from Europe. He eliminated tax exemptions and raised the serfs' obligations to the crown to fund his court and the military. The magnates complained that these measures reduced their incomes, but despite the stiffer obligations, the serfs considered Matthias a just ruler because he protected them from excessive demands and other abuses by the magnates. He also reformed Hungary's legal system and promoted the growth of Hungary's towns. Matthias was a true Renaissance man and made his court a center of humanist culture; under his rule, Hungary's first books were printed and its second university was established. His library, the Corvina, was famous throughout Europe. It was Europe's greatest collection of historical chronicles, philosophic and scientific works in the 15th century, and second only in size to the Vatican Library which mainly contained religious material. His renaissance library is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In his quest for the imperial throne, Matthias eventually moved to Vienna, where he died in 1490. His death is supposed to be caused by poison.
Jagiellon Dynasty and Decline of Hungary (1490—1526 (1538))
The magnates, who did not want another heavy-handed king, procured the accession of Vladislaus II, king of Bohemia (Ulászló II in Hungarian history), precisely because of his notorious weakness: he was known as King Dobže, or Dobzse (meaning "Good" or, loosely, "OK"), from his habit of accepting with that word every paper laid before him. Under his reign the central power began to experience severe financial difficulties, largely due to the enlargement of feudal lands at his expense.
Matthias' reforms did not survive the turbulent decades that followed his reign. An oligarchy of quarrelsome magnates gained control of Hungary. They crowned a docile king, Vladislaus II (the Jagiellonian king of Bohemia, who was known in Hungary as Ulaszlo II, 1490–1516) the son of King Casimir IV of Poland, only on condition that he abolish the taxes that had supported Matthias' mercenary army. As a result, the king's army dispersed just as the Turks were threatening Hungary. The magnates also dismantled Mathias' administration and antagonized the lesser nobles. In 1492 the Diet limited the serfs' freedom of movement and expanded their obligations while a large portion of peasants became prospering because of cattle-export to the West. Rural discontent boiled over in 1514 when well-armed peasants preparing for a crusade against Turks rose up under György Dózsa (a borderguard captain) and attacked estates across Hungary. United by a common threat, the magnates and lesser nobles eventually crushed the rebels. Dozsa and other rebel leaders were executed in a most brutal manner.
Shocked by the peasant revolt, the Diet of 1514 passed laws that condemned the serfs to eternal bondage and increased their work obligations. Corporal punishment became widespread, and one noble even branded his serfs like livestock. The legal scholar István Werbőczy included the new laws in his Tripartitum of 1514, which made up the espirit of Hungary's legal corpus until the revolution of 1848. However, the Tripartitum was never used as a code. The Tripartitum gave Hungary's king and nobles, or magnates, equal shares of power: the nobles recognized the king as superior, but in turn the nobles had the power to elect the king. The Tripartitum also freed the nobles from taxation, obligated them to serve in the military only in a defensive war, and made them immune from arbitrary arrest.
When Vladislaus II died in 1516, his ten-year-old son Louis II (1516–26) became king, but a royal council appointed by the Diet ruled the country. Hungary was in a state of near anarchy under the magnates' rule. The king's finances were a shambles; he borrowed to meet his household expenses despite the fact that they totaled about one-third of the national income. The country's defenses sagged as border guards went unpaid, fortresses fell into disrepair, and initiatives to increase taxes to reinforce defenses were stifled. In 1521 Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent recognized Hungary's weakness and seized Belgrade in preparation for an attack on Hungary. After that, Louis II and his wife, Maria von Habsburg tried to manage an anti-magnate putsch, but they were not successful. In August 1526, he marched nearly 100,000 troops into Hungary's heartland. Hungary's forces were just gathering, when the 26,000 strong Hungarian army met the Turks with bad luck in the Battle of Mohács. Hungarians had well-equipped and well-trained troops, and awaited more reinforcements from Czechia and Transylvania, but lacked a good military leader. They suffered bloody defeat leaving 20,000 dead on the field. Louis himself died, thrown from a horse into a bog.
After Louis's death, rival factions of Hungarian nobles simultaneously elected two kings, John I Zápolya (1526–40) and Ferdinand of Habsburg (1526–64). Each claimed sovereignty over the entire country but lacked sufficient forces to eliminate his rival. Zápolya, a Hungarian who was military governor of Transylvania, was recognized by the sultan and was supported mostly by lesser nobles opposed to new foreign kings. Ferdinand, the first Habsburg to occupy the Hungarian throne, drew support from magnates in western Hungary who hoped he could convince his brother, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, to expel the Turks. In 1538 George Martinuzzi, Zápolya's adviser, arranged a treaty between the rivals that would have made Ferdinand sole monarch upon the death of the then-childless Zápolya. The deal collapsed when Zápolya married and fathered a son. Violence erupted, and the Turks seized the opportunity, conquering the city of Buda and then partitioning the country in 1541.
- ^ István Keul, Early modern religious communities in East-Central Europe: ethnic diversity, denominational plurality, and corporative politics in the principality of Transylvania (1526-1691), BRILL, 2009, p. 40
- ^ a b c d e f g h F. Sugar & Hanák 1994, p. 17
- ^ a b c d e f F. Sugar & Hanák 1994, p. 18
- ^ Free Dictionary – Croatia
- ^ Ladislaus I
- ^ "Marko Marelic : The Byzantine and Slavic worlds". http://www.korcula.net/history/mmarelic/byzant.htm.
- ^ "Hungary in American History Textbooks". http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/hunyadi/hu02.htm.
- ^ "Hungary, facts and history in breef". http://erwin.bernhardt.net.nz/hungary/hungaryfacts.html.
- ^ Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250
- ^ a b c Bellamy, p. 38
- ^ Singleton, Frederick Bernard (1985). A short history of the Yugoslav peoples. Cambridge University Press. pp. 29. ISBN 9780521274852.
- ^ a b Molnár 2001, p. 46
- ^ F. Sugar & Hanák 1994, p. 19
- ^ F. Sugar & Hanák 1994, p. 21
- ^ http://www.epa.oszk.hu/00900/00979/00307/pdf/007.pdf
- ^ "Hungary—History". Nations Encyclopedia.com. http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Europe/Hungary-HISTORY.html. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
- ^ "C. A. Macartney: Hungary—A Short History". Mek.oszk.hu. http://mek.oszk.hu/02000/02086/02086.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
- ^ a b The influences of the Florentine renaissance in Hungary
- ^ History of Hungary
- ^ Katolikus Lexikon: Hunyadi János, A M. Nemz. Tört. IV. Bp., 1896.—Elekes 1952.—Teke 1980.—Puskely 1994:279.(Hungarian)
- ^ a b "Hungary—Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/276730/Hungary#tab=active~checked%2Citems~checked&title=Hungary%20--%20Britannica%20Online%20Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
- ^ "Hungary—The Bibliotheca Corviniana Collection: UNESCO-CI". Portal.unesco.org. http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15976&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html. Retrieved 2008-11-21. [dead link]
- This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Library of Congress Country Studies.
- F. Sugar, Peter; Hanák, Péter (1994). A History of Hungary. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253208675.
- Molnár, Miklós (2001). A concise history of Hungary. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521667364.
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It’s quite interesting to think that the first half of the twentieth century dealt with, at length, the same issues that persist today, even if they are presently not as violently represented. If we’re to be honest, the Age of Anxiety has not even begun to come to a close—the perpetual darkness of inhumanity, those who would take and take if only ever for themselves, so that they could gleefully offer the crumbs leftover to the rest of the people. The imbalance of money and power only exists to illustrate the tumultuousness of a world population who by and by beginning to blame others who find themselves at the same kind of disadvantage. Overwhelmingly toxic white patriarchy is largely to blame for the inequities and inequalities that are still troublingly present in America today.
At the beginning of the twentieth-century America was definitely dealing with its ups and downs, not only on a global scale but also within its own borders. The First World War was the first of many troubling times for the United States to deal with as a nation—this war raged from July 28, 1914, until November 11, 1918—but it was far from the last. The age of Prohibition was a harsh, thirteen years where the honest man or woman couldn’t legally enjoy an adult beverage from 1920 to 1933. This time period brought about mob bosses, boot-legging, and a criminal underground that now is looked upon with a certain glamour—as if the Great Depression didn’t begin four years before the ending of Prohibition.
The Great Depression hit everyone—although some less than others—and on October 24, 1929, the United States would see yet another disturbingly miserable time, punctuated only by the beginning of World War II, on September 1, 1939.
Street Scene, New Orleans (1936)
Art is creativity and photography
is best when captured by a true artist.
Walker Evans—Perspectives of Hardship
American Photography, especially in the years leading up to World War II largely depicted life during the later years of the Great Depression—seen here, Walker Evans’ Street Scene, New Orleans (1936), just three years before the beginning of the Second World War, we see an African American man, in somber juxtaposition to an otherwise happy caricature of a white woman on an advertisement—only one of the obvious displays of imbalance of representation at the time. This gelatin silver print, of a photograph taken by Evans, is just one example of how an image can be worth a thousand words.
In a single frame, Evans displayed not only his superb ability to compose, crop, and frame his images to offer a striking narrative that emphasized the dichotomy of privilege, class, and race in the American South. This image, in a sense, is representative of a time it was still illegal for interracial relationships and where lynching was still not criminalized on a federal level.
Surprisingly, this scene would not even come close to touching upon the narrative of some of the more atrocious events that would ravage the modern world—in truth, despite this being an amazing commentary on the social injustice of the mid to late 1930s, it would serve to only briefly touch upon what would follow for the black community in their struggle to be recognized as equals to their white counterparts.
Before the Parachute Opens (1939)
Aeropittura—Perspectives of Flight
When America’s Great Depression finally ended in 1941, the Second World War was still underway and I believe this particular oil on canvas is a fair representation of Futurism’s narrative on World War II. Before the Parachute Opens was painted in 1939 by Tullio Crali, it is specifically considered a part of Aeropittura (Aeropainting), a major expression during the second generation of Italian Futurism which was a mainstay in art between 1929 and the early 1940s. This particular expression romanticized technology and the excitement of flight—with a new somewhat geometrical perspective on the thrill of flight.
In 1928 Tullio Crali experienced flight for the first time and it left him wanting more; his enthusiasm for flying and his eventual experience as a pilot indeed influenced his artwork and in 1929 he officially joined the movement of Futurism. When the manifesto for Aeropittura was signed that same year, the founders stated that “the changing perspectives of flight constitute an absolutely new reality that has nothing in common with the reality traditionally constituted by a terrestrial perspective,” and that “paining from this new reality requires a profound contempt for detail and a need to synthesize and transfigure everything.”
Crali’s most famous work, Nose Dive on the City (1939) we can see what it is like from the perspective of the pilot, with the buildings included for perspective on the often terrifying nature of flight which was a profound new element in the art world—views outside of the normal earthbound perspective.
In Before the Parachute Opens, we see the literal moment before the parachute of a paratrooper would open—or at least, what it looked like from the artist’s perspective from his own experience flying. I can see how this painting might be easy to pass by if you were viewing it among other works of art—the illusion of the geometry almost hides the scene taking place within the painting. The geometrical focus within this painting also creates the illusion of movement, with emphasis on the paratrooper’s arms and the semi-opaque triangular cut points to the ground within a rural area. The free-fall that is happening at the moment captured here is realistic enough to, after spending thoughtful meditation upon it, instill within the audience the thrilling sensation of falling. It’s truly enough to give you the chills.
The End of an Era of a World at War
When the end of WWI came on September 2, 1945, the world was forever changed and humanity was in desperate need of intense healing on a global scale—the decades to follow would bring that at an agonizingly slow pace. Of course, WWII wasn’t the end of war in the world, it wasn’t even the end of American influence in war—but perhaps we can leave that for another day.
The Struggle III: Assassination (1969)
The Harlem Renaissance
Between 1919 and 1930, we saw the development of African American ideas being expressed through the visual arts, music, dance, theater, and literature—this was of course centered in Harlem in Manhattan, NY. At the time it was called the New Negro Movement and was an immediate important influence that flew through the rest of the country and then, the world. With an expansive number of mediums in which this particular movement could be expressed, we got great painters such as Jacob Lawrence, as well as amazing singers such as Billie Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald, and Louis Armstrong—men and women who paved the way for other African American creatives within the oppressive United States to express themselves and their perspective of being Black in a country where their future was uncertain.
While this particular painting was not created during the Harlem Renaissance it is still considered part of that style, as Lawrence’s style revolved around that era and on. His artwork depicted atrocities that were committed against black Americans throughout the twenties, thirties, through the civil rights movement, and up until his death in 2010.
Jacob Lawrence in Painting the Struggles
Jacob Lawrence was a painter within the Harlem Renaissance movement who not only painted amazing artwork, he based his artwork on actual history. It is said that throughout his incredibly long career, Lawrence spent long hours at the public library sifting through historical texts, memoirs, newspapers, as well as attending established history clubs. He then took these historical narratives and translated them into images that would provide a relatable message.
Now, Gloria Naylor’s Mama Day wasn’t written during the Harlem Renaissance, but it certainly embodies the spirit of the time about which it speaks. I highly recommend this book, it’s highly moving and allows a perspective that would otherwise be unattainable for white people in general—at least, in this white girl’s opinion, it does.
When we look at the body of work created by the African American community, we see such colorful cultural influence and power that provides incredible commentary on the crushing oppression that has been endured, but the joyful spirit that still remains despite the lengths that those in power have gone to, to keep them underfoot.
As a result of slavery, segregation, civil rights movements, and now Black Lives Matter—we have the hauntingly beautiful art, music, and literature that illustrates the tragedy of the lottery of birth and how that translates to a wave of justified anger that after generations of disgusting treatment, has finally boiled over.
The Age of Anxiety Continues in the 21st Century
So, this is one of the things that has kept me from getting this article up before now. We, as Americans, are still awaiting the results from the 2020 election and this seems to be a defining moment for this country. This is a nation in crisis and at this point I’m not sure what the future is going to look like, going from here. Right now, to be perfectly honest, we are fighting for the soul of this nation and for those of you who are reading this and not a resident of the United States—we’re sorry that it took this long to do something about it.
“Art Movement: Harlem Renaissance.” Artland Magazine, 31 Mar. 2020, magazine.artland.com/art-movement-harlem-renaissance/.
“Harlem Renaissance Art Overview.” The Art Story, http://www.theartstory.org/movement/harlem-renaissance/.
“Jacob Lawrence and the Harlem Renaissance.” MOAS, http://www.moas.org/Jacob-Lawrence-and-the-Harlem-Renaissance-1-57.html.
Mobilio, Albert. “A Zoom with a View: Tullio Crali’s Death Loop.” Hyperallergic, 27 Aug. 2014, hyperallergic.com/145119/a-zoom-with-a-view-tullio-cralis-death-loop/.
Waters, Tom. “Unpublished Black History; Revisiting Walker Evans.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 14 Mar. 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/your-stories/unpublished-black-history/stories/tom-waters.
Opam, Kwame. “How Futurism Transformed the Art World by Worshipping Technology.” The Verge, The Verge, 11 May 2014, http://www.theverge.com/2014/5/11/5706898/how-futurism-transformed-the-art-world-by-worshipping-technology.
Mary has been a writer and artist for over a decade. Her passions lie somewhere between the beautiful and the macabre, but she enjoys every aspect of life. She explores her obsession with the horrorverse and the written word but dabbles in her love of artwork through the digital medium. |
I’m not a huge fan of most professional sports – not for any particular reason, it’s just not something I’m truly captivated by. However, as one of my main hobbies, video games, begins to circle more and more toward partly being a professional sport with big money players pouring in a bunch of time and cash, I can’t help but make comparisons. One of the things I’m most interested in is the idea of how pro sports determine what is considered “skillfull” in their particular game, because it’s a mess in fighting games.
Like most sports, the competitive scene for fighters has greatly evolved, largely due to external factors. Players can communicate in many more ways than before, and the tools we use to communicate are also vastly improved: we can now easily use our consoles to upload video in order to show off concepts, we can use voice chatting apps on our phones to talk with large groups of other players in order to share strategies, and best of all, that information is all publicly available. With all of those different avenues opening up, it is certainly not a hot take to say that the average player in today’s FGC is probably much more skillful than the average player ten years ago and that the games themselves reach their competitive peak much, much earlier.
Or so you’d think, because I still run into tweets like this all the time:
To be fair, this is not an exclusive thing to the FGC by any means. It is incredibly common for both fans and older, retired players of any sport to bemoan the state of the current day by propping up the accomplishments of the older playing fields and saying it was better. I’ve really noticed this phenomenon when it comes to the modern day NBA team the Golden State Warriors, who receive subtle and not-so-subtle jabs all the time at their skills, even though some pundits are willing to go so far as to call it the greatest amount of talent ever assembled for a basketball team.
You’ll notice in both the NBA-related links and the tweet I posted, there’s concerns of “low effort” in the play, which mean something is wrong. I’ll extrapolate that and say that much of the hand wringing on the FGC side seems to be over how the modern day games lack strong “fundamental” play. Because the strategies now have degenerated into “low effort,” the art of the “fundamentals-based player” is now a thing of the past, meaning the newest games are now havens for less skilled players to run buckwild and, as the tweet mentions, get consistent results. Street Fighter V, in particular, gets smashed for this so often on a regular basis that it’s almost hard not to find people saying the game is “random” and doesn’t reward skills or fundamentals, like it’s just a bunch of flailing and hoping.
The inherent problem with the discourse is that what we consider “strong, fundamental play” all revolves around one particular style of fighting game, which poisons the discussion, in my opinion. Unlike many pro sports with hundreds of years of activity, competitive fighting games as we know them have really only been in existence for about 30 years, give or take. Worse, some of those early fighters such as Karate Champ, Yie Ar Kung-Fu or even the original Street Fighter are the equivalent of the peach basket hoops and soccer balls in early basketball; they were a nice start but proved to be a little too primitive when it came to actually competing head-to-head.
If we count down from the release of Street Fighter II: World Warrior, then we get the more likely number of 27 years. Despite the rapidly changing technological world of the late 90’s and mid aughts, 27 years isn’t a whole lot of time for a competitive community to develop and mature, and I think it shows in the compromised discourse around “fundamentals,” which tends to take a very obvious slant towards the mecca, Street Fighter 2. I believe this to be primarily because most players’ introduction to high level fighting games comes from a couple of sources that I think get taken the wrong way.
I’m about to put two sacred FGC texts’ feet toward the fire, but I’d like to state for the record that I was (and am!) a fan of both, having read them numerous times over the years. The authors of these texts had good intentions in mind, and aren’t responsible for the cult-like zealotry with which its fans cite their words. One of them even says right on the tin that it’s a “Street Fighter” handbook, and the author mentions in the comments that a player could take some of the information presented as an introduction to other games, but not all. But I’m digressing.
Let’s talk about The Footsies Handbook and Domination 101
First, let’s examine the Footsies Handbook. This was an attempt by a community member/player, in this case Maj, to try and break down the thought process of top fighting game players for a casual audience. Specifically, Maj focuses on footsies, which he defines as the “mid-range ground-based aspect of fighting game strategy.”
And I have to say, it really is something. Simple, easy to understand language combined with timestamped video links and short article length make it really palatable to even a novice player. Not only that, but Maj is still relatively active on the site and will respond in the comments section of each article with more specifics on what he was trying to communicate. Maj may be known for his rad combo videos, but to me, this is his magnum opus. I myself learned about these strategies primarily from this guide, and I remember waiting with baited breath every time Maj would post a strategy article, eager to soak up the knowledge contained within.
I don’t really have a problem with any of the content itself, moreso just that I think a lot of people seem to believe the whole of the guide is universal, when even Maj himself states throughout that it’s mainly exploring the strategies of the older SF games. For that purpose, it’s fantastic, but I don’t think everything in the articles applies to every fighter, and that’s okay! But a lot of people in non SF communities are linked this, and it leads to them thinking that if every concept doesn’t apply then the game isn’t really fundamentally sound. Ergh.
Let’s pivot now to Domination 101, a series of articles written in the early 2000’s by one Seth Killian. A player since the early days in the arcade, Seth was a talented player who had the privilege of playing at a high level around the same time that many FGC stalwarts were playing, including some that are still around today. Seth has long since retired to pursue various roles in the video game industry, most notably as the onetime community manager for Capcom USA as well as the creator of the free-to-play PC fighter Rising Thunder. Seth’s legacy undoubtedly lives on in these articles, which are often cited and quoted amongst competitive players as one might reference Dickensian literature for English class.
As I mentioned earlier, I’m a fan of Seth’s articles because I believe a lot of the concepts he explores with regards to the mentality of how to play fighters is really strong stuff that is still relevant today! So my nitpick moreso has to do with a couple of the articles, 2D vs. 3D and 2D vs. 3D: Seth Responds!
In these pieces, Killian explains his preference for 2D styled games such as Street Fighter and Marvel vs. Capcom 2 over fighters that take place on a 3D plane like Virtua Fighter or Tekken, using the existence of the fireball as his thesis. He starts by pondering why 2D games have remained “superior” over the years, which I think sets up the overall mood of the piece. Later on he praises the up-close aspects of 3D fighters as compelling, but bemoans the “collapse” of the metagame when the characters on screen are anywhere other than touching distance. The term “flatness” is used to denigrate Street Fighter III, which is pretty funny to see today, considering what people currently think of SFIII as a high level fighter. In the end of the first article, Seth states his opinion that “chaining and rushdowns,” as featured in the Vs. series, aren’t the “most (strategic)” or “involved” part of a fighting game.
The follow-up piece doubles down on the earlier talking points. 3D games, in Killian’s view, focus “more on the moment,” which means “more dramatic comebacks,” but ultimately “the format is less able to support the deepest kinds of strategy.” The conclusion Seth comes to is that there must be some way to combine the different depths hidden in 3D fighters and 2D fighters, but the only way that can happen is if players of both start to compare the two vastly different games and find their common ground. If they added a fireball, those 3D games would finally find the deepest kinds of strategy, as seen below.
I kid, I kid!
Obviously, my problem with Seth’s articles is that they do a lot of writing off of non-SF strategy as “inferior” or not as deep, which isn’t so bad in a vacuum, but combined with the aggressive tone of the article, I think it perpetuates the idea that SF, by nature, is just superior. Full stop. I have seen many people, normally very reassured and calm about playing SF, turn into real blowhards when discussing any other game where the strategy goes against common SF knowledge. Seth may have not intended for that tone (in fact, he’s pretty much stated that to be the case) but I feel that these articles have been so deified that they tend to be used as confirmation bias for those blowhards because it states what they already know: SF is the most pure type of fighting game that rewards the most pure skill.
That leads to my final conclusion that, for as often as these two series of articles are shared, they are rarely seen as examples of one style of game; instead, they are seen as what fighing games should aspire to. When people use the term “footsies” or “fundamentals,” you can almost always find that their line of thinking can be traced back to the concepts explored by Seth and Maj, which always have that slant towards Street Fighter 2 and Street Fighter 2-adjacent titles like Capcom vs. SNK 2. There’s nothing wrong with having a preference, since it’s just an opinion, but most people, again, don’t see it as a preferential choice, they see it as the choice. That line of thinking leads to a heavy othering of the non SF fighting game out there.
In the years I’ve spent playing NRS titles, the one thing you have to fight with most is the exceedingly common notion that the games are trash because they “lack footsies,” or they don’t “reward fundamentals.” If you start an argument with these clowns, inevitably Domination 101 or the Footsies Handbook will get linked, and then it all makes sense. If a fighting game operates differently than some of the concepts explored in those articles, then it’s othered, usually in a very negative way.
Tying it all back to legacy, it’s this othering of the depth/perception of depth of other fighting games that heavily skews history toward the players who were really strong at Street Fighter and Street Fighter-adjacent games. Now there is the very credible argument that the reason SF players are held in such high regard is because the competition is so vast, and that I can definitely see; after all, we hold the NBA in higher regard then a game of pickup ball on a street court. It should stand to reason that emerging as the champion over 2000 other high level players in one game is more impressive than beating 500 in another, but does that mean the game with 500 players is now less skillful?
Would the average FGC player ever list people like Bronson “Insanelee” Tran, a Tekken legend, or Kenichi Ogawa, Guilty Gear god, as some of the all time greatest? Or think of Hiromoki “Itabashi Zangief” Kumada or Keita “Fuudo” Ai as anything other than great SF players, ignoring their extensive history as being extremely strong at Virtua Fighter? And that goes for other fighting games with long histories like King of Fighters, or Vampire Savior, or Dead or Alive. Even worse, the same attitudes lead to this weird thing where, in order to attract people, players of these “lesser” games will thump their chest about their game having “fundamental play,” or that “footsies are back,” or some weird buzzword that plays to that bullshit about modern games lacking truly skillful play. King of Fighters and, to a lesser extent, Guilty Gear suffer from this, where the need to prove that its harder to play as opposed to these baby-mode games becomes an insufferable talking point whenever new players show an interest. It all stems back to that othering that happens.
Keep in mind that I’m not saying you can’t have your own preference or opinions. If you think, say, Injustice 2 is dogshit compared to Guilty Gear Xrd, I can’t stop you from thinking that! But I think to posit that Injustice 2 lacks these mythical “fundamentals” as the reason for its inferiority is absurd and ignorant, because it means you’re now gatekeeping the idea of being skillful at fighting games to some meaningless standard, which no sport worth its salt would do. Soccer and Basketball have very different rules, but it still involves using teamwork to move a ball down a court into a net. Do the differences between them make one horseshit at a high level and the other not? Obviously not, so why do we say so in the FGC? Tribalism is cool and all, but it’s probably time to grow up.
And I know the counter argument. People would say that it’s not that the strategies change, it’s that the modern day fighting game is fundamentally broken, as if you could play basketball with a ball that had a 100% chance to score if shot from halfcourt. Bullshit, I say. Video games when played at a competitive level are very often broken, using strategies that were never considered in the first place to establish a metagame of the players’ creation. When basketball established the three point shot, I’m sure people belly-ached then that it broke the rules, but guess what? People developed new strategies around that. If you don’t like it, that’s fine, but to say that there’s no skill in a newer fighting game because it messes with some of the “rules” that exist in your head is dumb.
Whew, I better stop while I’m ahead. If you made it the end, congratulations! I’m quite positive this is the longest article I’ve written, and believe me I had no intention of doing that. I generally think that most level headed people can read those great Domination 101 and Footsies Handbook articles and take them for what they are, but as Seth pointed out, it’s the loudmouths that can ruin it. Thanks so much for taking the time to read, and until next time, adios! |
University of Oregon
|Latin: Universitas Oregonensis|
|Motto||Mens agitat mowem (Latin)|
Motto in Engwish
|The Mind Moves Mountains / (wit.) Mind moves de mass|
|Type||Pubwic fwagship research university|
|Endowment||$912.5 miwwion (2020)|
|Budget||$1.05 biwwion (2017)|
|President||Michaew H. Schiww|
|2,075 Totaw (Faww 2018)|
807 Tenure and Tenure Track
|Students||21,800 (Faww 2020)|
|Undergraduates||18,054 (Faww 2020)|
|Postgraduates||3,746 (Faww 2020)|
295 acres (1.19 km2)
|Cowors||Green and Yewwow|
|NCAA Division I – Pac-12|
|Mascot||The Oregon Duck|
The University of Oregon (UO, U of O or Oregon) is a pubwic fwagship research university in Eugene, Oregon, United States. Founded in 1876, de institution's 295-acre campus is awong de Wiwwamette River. Since Juwy 2014, UO has been governed by de Board of Trustees of de University of Oregon. The university is cwassified among "R1: Doctoraw Universities – Very high research activity" and has 19 research centers and institutes. UO was admitted to de Association of American Universities in 1969.
The University of Oregon is organized into five cowweges (Arts and Sciences, Business, Design, Education, and Honors) and seven professionaw schoows (Accounting; Architecture and Environment; Art and Design; Journawism and Communication; Law; Music and Dance; and Pwanning, Pubwic Powicy and Management) and a graduate schoow. Furdermore, UO offers 316 undergraduate and graduate degree programs. Most academic programs fowwow de 10 week Quarter System.
UO student adwetes compete as de Ducks and are part of de Pac-12 Conference in de Nationaw Cowwegiate Adwetic Association (NCAA). Wif eighteen varsity teams, de Oregon Ducks are best known for deir footbaww team and track and fiewd program.
The University of Oregon is wocated on Kawapuya iwihi, de traditionaw indigenous homewand of de Kawapuya peopwe. Fowwowing treaties between 1851 and 1855, Kawapuya peopwe were dispossessed of deir indigenous homewand by de United States government and forcibwy removed to de Coast Reservation in Western Oregon, uh-hah-hah-hah. Today, Kawapuya descendants are primariwy citizens of de Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde and de Confederated Tribes of Siwetz Indians.
The motto mens agitat mowem is now shared wif de Eindhoven University of Technowogy (Technische Universiteit Eindhoven) founded in 1956, de Miwitary Academy of de German Armed Forces (Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr) founded in 1957, de University of Warwick founded in 1965.
The Oregon State Legiswature estabwished de university on October 12, 1872, despite de new state's funding woes. The residents of Eugene struggwed to hewp finance de institution, howding numerous fundraising events such as strawberry festivaws, church sociaws, and produce sawes. They raised $27,500, enough to buy eighteen acres of wand at a cost of $2,500. The doors opened in 1876 wif de name of "University of de State of Oregon" and Deady Haww as its sowe buiwding. The first year of enrowwment contained 155 students taught by five facuwty members. The first graduating cwass was in 1878, graduating five students. In 1881, de university was nearwy cwosed; it was $8,000 in debt before Henry Viwward donated $7,000 to hewp pay it. In 1913 and 1932, dere were proposaws to merge de university wif what is now Oregon State University. Bof proposaws were defeated.
Maturity as a university
During Prince Lucien Campbeww's tenure as president from 1902 to 1925, de university experienced tremendous growf. The budget, enrowwment, faciwities, and facuwty members aww grew severaw times its amount prior to his presidency. Numerous schoows were awso estabwished during his tenure, incwuding de Schoow of Music in 1902, de Schoow of Education in 1910, de Schoow of Architecture, de Cowwege of Business in 1914, de Schoow of Law in 1915, de Schoow of Journawism in 1916, and de Schoow of Heawf and Physicaw Education in 1920. However, de University of Oregon wost its Schoow of Engineering to Oregon Agricuwturaw Cowwege, now known as Oregon State University.
|Note: Medicaw Schoow enrowwment transferred to OHSU circa 1980.
Enrowwment numbers incwude bof undergraduate and graduate students.
In 1917, a "dree term" (qwarter system) cawendar was adopted by de university facuwty as a war-time measure. This academic cawendar has remained ever since den, uh-hah-hah-hah. However, it is now referred to as de Quarter System.
The Zorn-MacPherson Biww in 1932 proposed de University of Oregon and Oregon State Cowwege (now "University") merge. The biww wost in a wandswide vote of over 6 to 1. The University of Oregon Medicaw Schoow was founded in 1887 in Portwand and merged wif Wiwwamette University's program in 1913. However, in 1974 it became an independent institution known as Oregon Heawf Sciences University. In 1969, de UO was admitted into de Association of American Universities.
Wif financiaw support from de state dwindwing from 40% to 13% of de university budget, in January 2001, University President Dave Frohnmayer began Campaign Oregon wif de goaw of raising $600 miwwion by December 2008, de most ambitious phiwandropic fundraising campaign in de state's history at de time. Wif contributions exceeding $100 miwwion from benefactors such as Phiw Knight and Lorry I. Lokey, de campaign goaw was exceeded by over $253 miwwion, uh-hah-hah-hah.
Push for independence and growf
The university occupies over 80 buiwdings. There are severaw ongoing campus construction projects such as a $16.75 miwwion successor to de Science Library compwex. These projects, among oders, were commissioned in part to support current student enrowwment as weww as possibwe future increases.
In reaction to a growing movement to estabwish an independent university board, de Oregon Legiswature in 2013 passed SB 270, reqwiring wocaw governing boards for de state's dree wargest institutions. Effective Juwy 1, 2014, de University of Oregon became an independent pubwic body governed by de Board of Trustees of de University of Oregon. Proponents of wocaw governing boards bewieve an independent board wiww give de university more autonomy, and free it from rewying on inadeqwate state funding.
On August 6, 2014, Michaew R. Gottfredson resigned as president. In de summer of 2014, former UO president Robert Berdahw towd de president of de university's board of trustees he bewieves UO risks wosing its membership in de Association of American Universities. To address dis growing concern, UO began preparing severaw initiatives which incwude a cwuster-hire and a capitaw campaign, uh-hah-hah-hah.
In de faww of 2014 de institution announced dat it wouwd attempt to raise $2 biwwion from donors. This number was revised to $3 biwwion in de faww of 2018.
In 2016, de university removed de name of Frederic Stanwey Dunn, head of de Cwassics department in de 1920s and 30s, from a dormitory named after him, "Dunn Haww", because of his weading rowe in de Ku Kwux Kwan.
In October 2016, it was announced Phiw Knight and his wife Penny wiww contribute $500 miwwion to estabwish de Phiw and Penny Knight Campus for Accewerating Scientific Impact. The donation wiww be dispersed over a ten-year period. It is de wargest donation to a pubwic research university.
|Cowweges and Schoows|
|U.S. News & Worwd Report||103|
|U.S. News & Worwd Report||232|
USNWR graduate schoow rankings
USNWR departmentaw rankings
As of Faww 2014, UO offers 272 degree programs. The current UO student body is composed of students from aww 50 of de United States, de District of Cowumbia, two U.S. territories, and 89 countries around de worwd. As of Faww 2015, Pre-Business Administration was de most popuwar undergraduate major at UO (12.3% of aww majors), fowwowed by Psychowogy (6.4%), Human Physiowogy (5.3%), Economics (4.8%) and Business Administration (4.4%).
The University of Oregon is organized into five cowweges and seven professionaw schoows and a graduate schoow. Four of its professionaw schoows are affiwiated wif a cowwege. UO's Cowwege of Arts and Sciences (CAS) covers a warge array of departments in de arts and sciences. The Charwes H. Lundqwist Cowwege of Business (LCB) was founded in 1884 and offers courses in fiewds such as accounting, decision sciences, entrepreneurship, finance, management, and marketing. The Schoow of Accounting was estabwished in 2017 to oversee de accounting program. The Cowwege of Design (COD) was founded by Ewwis F. Lawrence in 1914. The cowwege offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in design and powicy rewated fiewds. The cowwege was known as de Schoow of Awwied Arts and Architecture and was renamed in 2017. The cowwege is divided into dree schoows: Schoow of Architecture & Environment, Schoow of Art + Design, and de Schoow of Pwanning, Pubwic Powicy and Management. The Cowwege of Education (COE) was estabwished in 1910 as de Schoow of Education, uh-hah-hah-hah. The Robert D. Cwark Honors Cowwege (CHC) is a smaww honors cowwege intended to compwement de majors in pwace at de university by joining sewect students and facuwty for a wow student to teacher ratio (25:1 maximum). The Schoow of Journawism and Communication (SOJC) is one of de owdest journawism schoows in de United States. The first journawism cwass was offered in 1901, and it began as a department in 1912, and became a professionaw schoow in 1916. The SOJC is wocated in Awwen Haww on de University of Oregon's Eugene campus, and is named for de schoow's founder, newspaperman Eric Awwen, uh-hah-hah-hah. The Schoow of Law was formed in 1884 in Portwand and moved to Eugene in earwy 1915. The Schoow of Music and Dance (SOMD) was initiawwy just de Department of Music in 1886, and devewoped into de Schoow of Music in 1900.
The university previouswy had a medicaw schoow. The University of Oregon Medicaw Schoow was founded in 1887 in Portwand and merged wif Wiwwamette University's program in 1913. However, in 1974 it became an independent institution, uh-hah-hah-hah. It is now known as Oregon Heawf & Science University.
The university operates on de Quarter system wif de exception of de waw schoow, which operates on de Semester System. An academic qwarter invowves 10 weeks of cwasses and one week of exams. Minimum fuww-time study is 12 credits, which transwates to 3 courses. Most fuww-time students wiww take four academic courses per qwarter, or 15-17 credits. Wif advisor approvaw students may take up to 24 credits, which transwates to approximatewy a maximum of 6 cwasses. If students successfuwwy submit a petition to de Academic Reqwirements Committee dey may take more dan 24 credits.
|Tuition and fees|
|Estimated annuaw cost|
The University of Oregon's admissions process is "sewective" according to U.S. News & Worwd Report. For students entering Faww 2019, 22,329 freshmen were accepted out of 27,358 appwicants, an 81.6% acceptance rate, and 4,525 enrowwed for a yiewd of 20.3%.
Among freshman students who enrowwed in faww 2019, SAT scores for de middwe 50% ranged from 560-660 for evidence based reading and writing, and 540–650 for maf. ACT composite scores for de middwe 50% ranged from 22–28. The average high schoow GPA for incoming freshmen was 3.65. Of de 10% of entering freshmen who submitted high schoow cwass rank, 26% were in de top tenf of deir graduating cwass, 57% in de top qwarter, and 86% in de top hawf.
|* SAT out of 1600|
As of de faww of 2017, de university has 2,041 facuwty members. Among dis group dere are 782 tenure and tenure-track (wadder) facuwty members. Among US doctoraw universities UO is ranked 80f when it come to fuww professor sawaries. However, when oder compensation measures are factored in, UO ranks 58f.
|Average Sawary 2017-18 AY||Average Sawary + Compensation 2017-18 AY|
|$134,800 (Professor)||$190,200 (Professor)|
|$98,100 (Associate)||$139,400 (Associate)|
|$84,900 (Assistant)||$119,300 (Assistant)|
The university is a member of de Association of American Universities, a group of weading research universities in de United States. It is awso cwassified as a "Very High Research Activity" university, according to de Carnegie Cwassification of Institutions of Higher Education. UO has comparativewy smaww research spending totaws for an AAU wevew university. According to de Nationaw Science Foundation, Oregon spent $111 miwwion on research and devewopment in 2018, ranking it 151st in de nation, uh-hah-hah-hah.
The university has 19 research centers and institutes. The university awso maintains nine "research core faciwities". The Institute of Mowecuwar Biowogy was estabwished at de university in 1959.
The university's internaw governance is conducted in accordance wif The Constitution of de University of Oregon. The UO Constitution provides a cowwaborative process dat ensures a strong voice for de facuwty, acting drough de University Senate. The representation of students, civiw servants, and administrative empwoyees in de senate ensures dis predominantwy facuwty body operates in de best interests of de entire university community.
UO Board of Trustees assumed controw in 2014. The trustees have de broad audority to supervise and manage de university and may exercise aww de powers, rights, duties and priviweges expresswy granted by waw or dat are impwied by waw or are incident to de board's powers, rights, duties and priviweges.
Former provost Scott Cowtrane served as interim president, from August 6, 2014, drough June 30, 2015, fowwowing de resignation of Michaew Gottfredson, uh-hah-hah-hah. This resignation occurred wif wess dan 24 hours notice amidst a number of controversies, incwuding awwegations of mishandwing of sexuaw viowence, a decwine of $100 miwwion in university donations, and de awienation of facuwty members around unionization and academic freedom. Incwuding one interim president, Gottfredson was de university's fourf president in six years, a situation dat wed Chronicwe of Higher Education to wabew de position a "revowving door."
Campus security is enforced by de University of Oregon Powice Department. The department was known as de Department of Pubwic Safety. Formerwy a campus security force, de department transitioned to its new rowe in 2012.
UO's FY14 operating revenue totaw $905 miwwion, uh-hah-hah-hah. As of January 2013[update], de estimated economic impact of de University of Oregon is $2.6 biwwion annuawwy. Despite a warge increase in undergraduate enrowwment, state appropriations are wess dan what dey were 10 years prior. The university awso receives wess state support dan many of its peers. According to FY13-14 data from de AAU, UO ranks wast in state funding and receives approximatewy $47.8 miwwion from de state.
The campus is spread over 295 acres (119 ha) and incwudes eighty buiwdings. Additionawwy, de campus is an arboretum consisting of 500 species of trees. In totaw dere are over 3,000 trees on campus. It is adjacent to de West University neighborhood and Pioneer Cemetery. Eugene is near many prominent geographic features such as de Wiwwamette River, Cascade Mountains and de Pacific Ocean, uh-hah-hah-hah. Awso widin a two-hour drive is de Portwand metropowitan area.
The campus is occupied by approximatewy 80 buiwdings. However, dere are severaw ongoing construction projects, as weww as pwans to buiwd new faciwities. The campus is de home of de Oregon Bach Festivaw.
Based on Ewwis F. Lawrence's vision, many of de university's buiwdings are pwanned around severaw major qwadrangwes, many of which abut de 13f Avenue pedestrian maww. The university is known for being de site of a pioneering participatory pwanning experiment known as de Oregon Experiment, which is awso de subject of a book of de same name dat evowved into de weww known book A Pattern Language by Christopher Awexander. The project's two major principwes are buiwdings shouwd be designed, in part, by de peopwe who wiww use dem wif de hewp of an "architect faciwitator", and construction shouwd occur over many smaww projects as opposed to a few warge ones.
Awdough academic buiwdings are spread droughout de campus, most are awong East 13f Avenue, wif heavy pedestrian traffic at de intersection wif Kincaid Street. Student recreation and union centers are toward de center of de campus, wif residence hawws on de east side. Sports faciwities are grouped in de soudern-centraw part of campus wif de Autzen Stadium and PK Park compwexes across de Wiwwamette River. The university awso owns and operates severaw satewwite faciwities, incwuding a warge faciwity in de White Stag Bwock of downtown Portwand.
Owd campus and memoriaw qwad
The owdest section of campus is in de nordwest area of de current campus. The university's first buiwding, Deady Haww, opened on October 16, 1876, when de university had an enrowwment of 177 students. It was known as "de buiwding" before being named after Judge Matdew Deady in 1893. The second buiwding on campus is known as Viwward Haww and is home to de Theater Arts and Comparative Literature Departments. Compweted in 1886, de haww was named after raiwroad magnate Henry Viwward, who provided financiaw aid to de university in 1881. Before its naming, it was known as "de new buiwding." Bof Deady and Viwward Hawws were designated Nationaw Historic Landmarks in 1977.
Just souf of Owd Campus is de Memoriaw Quad, which runs norf and souf awong Kincaid Street, capped at bof ends by de main campus wibrary, Knight Library, on de souf side, and de Liwwis Business Compwex on de norf. It is fwanked on de west by de tawwest buiwding on campus, Prince Lucien Campbeww Haww, awso known as "PLC", Condon Haww on de west, housing de Geography department, and de Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art on de east, which was remodewed and reopened on January 23, 2005. Awso adjacent to Memoriaw Quad is Chapman Haww, which houses de Robert D. Cwark Honors Cowwege.
The center of campus houses a mixture of academic buiwdings, an administration buiwding, and student recreation buiwdings. Just to de east of Memoriaw Quad, facing 13f Avenue is Johnson Haww where offices for higher administration and trustee offices are found, incwuding de offices of de University President. Directwy across 13f Avenue, facing Johnson Haww is "The Pioneer" a statue of a bearded, buckskin-cwad pioneer cast in bronze by scuwptor Awexander Phimister Proctor in 1919. In 1932, Proctor's "Pioneer Moder" statue was dedicated in de Women's Memoriaw Quadrangwe on de oder side of Johnson Haww; de two statues are awigned so dey can "see" one anoder drough de warge windows of de haww's main fwoor.
Lawrence Haww is at de end of hardscape wawkway, directwy norf of de intersection of 13f Avenue and University Street. It houses de Schoow of Architecture and Awwied Arts and is named after its first dean, Ewwis F. Lawrence, in 1957. Awwen Haww, opened in 1954, is adjacent to Lawrence Haww and houses de Schoow of Journawism and Communication, uh-hah-hah-hah.
Additionawwy, Erb Memoriaw Union and de recreation center are in dis part of campus.
Lorry I. Lokey Science Compwex and east campus
The Lorry I. Lokey Science Compwex comprises muwtipwe science buiwdings to de east of Lawrence Haww, on de norf side of 13f Avenue. Wiwwamette Haww's Pauw Owum Atrium is de center of de university's hard sciences compwex. The construction of de $45.6 miwwion additions of Wiwwamette Haww, home of de physics department; Cascade Haww, home of de geowogy department; Deschutes Haww, home of de Computer and Information Science Department; and Streisinger Haww to de compwex were compweted in 1989.
Widin de Lokey Science Compwex are two faciwities focused on integrative science. One is de Lokey Laboratories, which is a shared-use faciwity wif state-of-de-art characterization instrumentation, uh-hah-hah-hah. Lokey Laboratories is associated wif de Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnowogies Institute (ONAMI) and was dedicated to Lorry I. Lokey on February 19, 2008 for his $25 miwwion donation toward de project. It is underground, beneaf de qwad between Heustis and Deschutes Hawws, to minimize vibrations. The newest buiwding, de Lewis Integrative Science Buiwding, sits at de norf end of dis qwad and opened in de faww of 2012. Immediatewy to de east of de Lokey Science Compwex is Oregon Haww, which houses administrative offices incwuding de Office of de Registrar and Office of Admissions.
The Science Library is awso widin de Lokey Science Compwex. In 2015 it wiww undergo a major renovation and expansion, uh-hah-hah-hah. The new buiwding set to reopen in 2016 wiww be named de Awwan Price Science Commons and Research Library.
The nordeast corner of campus is home to de Ford Awumni Center and Matdew Knight Arena. Most of de rest of de eastern part of campus is dedicated to residence hawws. Carson Haww, near de Erb Memoriaw Union, provides dining services awong wif dormitories. Just souf is de Living-Learning Center, opened in 2006. It is a cowwection of functions incwuding dormitories, cwassrooms, study areas, dining rooms, and recreationaw rooms to provide a singwe wocation for many student activities. The newest residence haww, de Gwobaw Schowars Haww, opened in de faww of 2012. It primariwy houses returning students and students enrowwed in de Robert D. Cwark Honors Cowwege, Cowwege Schowars, and de gwobaw schowars wanguage programs.
The center of souf campus is where much of de on-campus adwetic faciwities reside. Hayward Fiewd, home to de Ducks track and fiewd program, sits in de eastern area of de adwetic faciwities. It has hosted a number of prominent track and fiewd events such as de US Track and Fiewd Owympic Triaws, de NCAA Track and Fiewd Championships, and USATF Championships.
To de west of de adwetic faciwities wies Pioneer Cemetery and furder west is where de current faciwities for de Cowwege of Education exists, in de soudwest corner of campus. The HEDCO Education buiwding and de Frohnmayer Music Center are in de vicinity. The Knight Law Center is just opposite of Hayward Fiewd in de soudeast corner of campus. The Many Nations Longhouse and de Museum of Naturaw and Cuwturaw History are East of Knight Law.
The Phiw and Penny Knight Campus for Accewerating Scientific Impact is a future biwwion dowwar appwied science campus. The campus wiww consist of dree state-of-de-art research faciwities. The campus wiww be on de norf side of Frankwin Bouwevard.
UO supporters Phiw and Penny Knight wiww donate $500 miwwion towards de endeavor over ten years. The rest of de funding is expected to come from state bonds and private support.
Oder areas and satewwites
The controversiaw Riverfront Research Park is a smaww faciwity maintained by de university, across Frankwin Bouwevard from de main campus, next to de Wiwwamette River. The park is used for creating new technowogies, such as research about artificiaw intewwigence at de Computationaw Intewwigence Research Lab, and it is de home of de Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN), de zebrafish modew organism database. Locaw controversy has existed since before de devewopment and approvaw of de site master pwan by de City of Eugene in 1989. Controversy stems from de wack of citizen invowvement in de pwanning process for de use of pubwic wands, and de potentiaw for muwti-story office buiwdings and parking wots to repwace open space, civic space, and wiwdwife habitat awong de Wiwwamette River. The university and student senates have each passed resowutions against construction on de banks of de Wiwwamette River under de current devewopment pwan, yet pwans for devewopment persist. In March 2010, de issue of a conditionaw use permit extension for de Research Park was appeawed to de Land Use Board of Appeaws by a group of citizens, students, and facuwty.
The compwex for de Ducks footbaww and basebaww team is norf across de Wiwwamette River. It incwudes de footbaww stadium (Autzen Stadium), de basebaww park (PK Park), an indoor practice footbaww fiewd (Moshofsky Center), a soccer fiewd (Pape Fiewd), an outdoor practice fiewd (Kiwkenny Fiewd), and de Casanova Center which incwudes offices, de adwetics Haww of Fame, wocker rooms, weight rooms, a fiwm review deater, and a treatment center.
The university awso weases space in Owd Town Portwand in de White Stag Bwock. UO-Portwand provides an urban study environment for de Schoow of Architecture and Awwied Arts, de Schoow of Journawism and Communication, de Schoow of Law, and de Lundqwist Cowwege of Business. Additionawwy, de Division of Continuing Education, de Labor Education Resource Center, and de Department of Adwetics have active offices dere. The Duck Store has a shop in de buiwding.
The undergraduate architecture program is consistentwy ranked among de highest in de country, and is currentwy ranked as de #1 pubwic program for "Sustainabwe Design Practice and Principwes" by DesignIntewwigence magazine.
The University of Oregon received a grade of "B+" from de Sustainabwe Endowments Institute on its wast pubwished Cowwege Sustainabiwity Report Card in 2011.
There has awso been a push for sustainabwe buiwdings on campus wif a devewopment pwan dat reqwires any new buiwding or renovation to incorporate sustainabwe design, uh-hah-hah-hah. The Liwwis Business Compwex was de catawyst for de powicy. The buiwding, compweted in 2003 has earned a LEED Siwver rating, de highest rating of any cowwege business buiwding in de United States. As of 2016[update], dere were 15 different buiwdings on campus dat have been awarded LEED Siwver or above ratings.
Libraries and museums
The muwti-branch University of Oregon Libraries serves de campus wif wibrary cowwections, instruction and reference, and a wide variety of educationaw technowogy and media services. The UO is Oregon's onwy member of de Association of Research Libraries. The main branch, de Knight Library, houses humanities and sociaw sciences, Learning Commons, Music Services, Government Pubwications, Maps and Aeriaw Photos, Speciaw Cowwections & University Archives, Media Services, de Center for Educationaw Technowogies, and a Cinema Studies wab to be avaiwabwe in Winter 2010. Oder branch wocations are:
- The Design Library in Lawrence Haww (renamed "Design" from de "Architecture & Awwied Arts Library" when de schoow changed its name to de Cowwege of Design in summer of 2017)
- The John E. Jaqwa Law Library in de Knight Law Center
- The Loyd & Dorody Rippey Library at de Oregon Institute of Marine Biowogy in Charweston, Oregon, uh-hah-hah-hah.
- The Madematics Library in Fenton Haww
- The Portwand Library & Learning Commons in de White Stag Bwock in Portwand, Oregon
- The Science Library in de Price Science Commons
The UO Libraries hosts Schowars' Bank, an open access (OA) digitaw repository created to capture, distribute and preserve de intewwectuaw output of de University of Oregon, uh-hah-hah-hah. Schowars' Bank uses open-source DSpace software devewoped by Massachusetts Institute of Technowogy and Hewwett-Packard.
The Libraries' Educationaw Video Group maintains de UO Channew, which uses streaming media to provide access to campus wectures, interviews, performances, symposia, and documentary productions.
The UO is de founding member and host of de Orbis-Cascade Awwiance, a consortium of academic and research wibraries in Oregon, Washington and Idaho. The combined cowwections of de Awwiance exceed 20 miwwion vowumes and can be searched via de Summit union catawog. The Orbis Cascade Awwiance serves facuwty and de eqwivawent of more dan 258,000 fuww-time students. In addition to its members, de Awwiance extends sewected services to more dan 280 wibraries, museums, archives, and historicaw societies in seven western states.
The Speciaw Cowwections & University Archives house a cowwection of Gardner Fox's witerary manuscripts, comic books, and oder materiaws, incwuding over 200 wetters from fans. It is awso de home to a rare cowwection of dousands of Japanese senjafuda (votive swips), part of de Gertrude Bass Warner Cowwection, uh-hah-hah-hah.
There are muwtipwe gawweries around de main campus, incwuding (but not wimited to):
- The LaVerne Krause Gawwery in Lawrence Haww
- The Adeww McMiwwan Gawwery in de Erb Memoriaw Union
- The Aperture Gawwery in de Erb Memoriaw Union
- The art gawwery on de second fwoor of de Knight Law Center
- The Washburn Gawwery in de FAS Ceramics buiwding.
Campus wife and events
UO is home to various speciaw events. One of de most popuwar and weww-known events hewd on campus is de Oregon Bach Festivaw. The festivaw is a donor-sponsored program of de university and de onwy major music festivaw affiwiated wif an American university. Founded in 1970 by German conductor Hewmuf Riwwing and UO professor (and past president of de American Choraw Directors Association) Royce Sawtzman, de festivaw has grown into an internationaw program dat draws hundreds of musicians and over 40,000 attendees annuawwy. The festivaw's focus is choraw and orchestraw music, and it hosts a professionaw choir and orchestra each year to perform major works by Bach and oder composers; it awso sponsors a master cwass in conducting dat draws participants from around de worwd.
The festivaw has presented such artists as Frederica von Stade, Bobby McFerrin, Garrison Keiwwor, and Thomas Quasdoff, who made his American debut in Eugene in 1995. The festivaw activewy commissions and premieres new choraw-orchestra works, incwuding pieces by Arvo Pärt, Osvawdo Gowijov, and Tan Dun. A Bach Festivaw recording of de worwd-premiere performance of Krzyztof Penderecki's Credo won de 2001 Grammy Award for best choraw performance.
Anoder popuwar event hewd on campus is de men's and women's track and fiewd Owympics Triaws. This event has been hewd on campus for de wast dree qwawifying years (2008, 2012, 2016). Additionawwy, dey have been hewd five times in aww on campus.
Furdermore, de campus is hosting de 2021 Worwd Championships in Adwetics.
Cwubs and groups
There are more dan 250 student groups at de University of Oregon, most of which are headqwartered in de Erb Memoriaw Union, uh-hah-hah-hah.
In addition to its adwetic teams, de university has a competitive intercowwegiate Speech and Debate team. The University of Oregon Forensics program was founded in 1876, at de same time as de university. Initiawwy de program consisted of two student-formed forensic societies, which devewoped into "doughnut weague" inter-dorm competitions in de 1890s. In 1891, de UO began intercowwegiate competition, uh-hah-hah-hah. Forensics continued to grow as a stapwe of de university's community and by 1911, de team was so successfuw dat it began charging admission to debates. Money raised during dese events was often donated to de fwedgwing University of Oregon footbaww program.
Parwiamentary debate was integrated into UO Forensics in 1998–99 and de team has been competitive since. In 2001, de UO's Awan Tauber and Heidi Ford cwaimed a nationaw titwe, winning de first ever Nationaw Parwiamentary Tournament of Excewwence (NPTE). In 2011, de team of Matt Gander and Hank Fiewds cwaimed bof nationaw titwes, winning de NPTE and de Nationaw Parwiamentary Debate Association Championship, coached by Thomas Schawwy, Benjamin Dodds, Sarah Hamid, and Wiww Chamberwain, uh-hah-hah-hah.
The University of Oregon is home to dree student-run a cappewwa groups: Divisi, a trebwe ensembwe; On de Rocks, a TTBB ensembwe; and Mind de Gap, a mixed ensembwe. Aww dree groups have competed numerous times in de Internationaw Championship of Cowwegiate A Cappewwa (ICCA). On de Rocks pwaced 3rd at ICCA finaws in 2002 and 2nd in 2003. Divisi has competed at ICCA finaws dree times – de onwy trebwe ensembwe in de worwd to do so – in 2005, where dey pwaced 2nd, as weww as 2010 and 2016. In 2020, The A Cappewwa Archive ranked Divisi at #14 aww-time among ICCA-competing groups, as weww as de highest-ranked trebwe ensembwe.
The Associated Students of de University of Oregon (ASUO) is de student government at de University of Oregon, uh-hah-hah-hah. It is a non-profit organization funded by de University of Oregon, uh-hah-hah-hah. Its purpose is to provide for de sociaw, cuwturaw, educationaw and physicaw devewopment of its members, and for de advancement of deir individuaw and cowwective interests bof widin and widout de university. Membership consists of aww students at de University of Oregon, who have paid de current term or semester student incidentaw fee.
Student participation in governance of de university extends to membership in de University Senate, which has five student members wif fuww voting rights pwus de ASUO president as a nonvoting member. Students are awso represented on de university's board of trustees by a voting member appointed by de Governor of Oregon.
The totaw FY2014-15 ASUO budget was $15.24 miwwion, uh-hah-hah-hah.
Graduate Teaching Fewwows Federation
The University of Oregon Graduate Teaching Fewwows Federation (GTFF) was estabwished in 1976 to represent graduate student workers and it is one of de owdest graduate student unions in de U.S. The UO administration objected to de estabwishment of de union, citing dat graduate workers were "students, not empwoyees." The Oregon Empwoyment Rewations Board (ERB) ruwed in favor of de graduate students and supported deir right to organize. The GTFF began organizing its first contract in Apriw 1977 and reached a negotiation wif de university administration after two strike votes. In 1993, de GTFF successfuwwy bargained for empwoyer-paid heawf insurance.
In 2014, de GTFF went on strike for de first time. In October, GTFF members voted to audorize a strike over two issues not yet incwuded in de GTF contract: a pay raise to de minimum GTF sawary and a form of paid sick weave. The strike wasted a week and overwapped wif de university's administration of finaw examinations. Awdough de union members accused de university administration of strike breaking activities, intimidation of internationaw students, and unwawfuw demands, a compromise was reach on December 10 and de strike ended.
Faciwities and housing
The Erb Memoriaw Union (EMU) is de student union, which functions as a center for student wife. It sits on de soudeast corner of 13f and University St. The EMU underwent a $95 miwwion renovation and expansion project from 2013 to 2016. The wing, buiwt in 1973 was demowished in 2014 to make way for a new wing. Opened in de faww of 2016, de new faciwity incwudes improved dining options, facuwty and group offices, and meeting spaces. It awso features a campus pub operated by wocaw brewery Fawwing Sky. There is awso a bike-share program, muwti-purpose auditorium, and craft center.
Souf of de Erb Memoriaw Union across a smaww qwad is de Student Recreationaw Center (SRC) which is an exercise and recreation faciwity. It incwudes fitness eqwipment, rock cwimbing wawws, a swimming poow, racqwetbaww courts, an indoor ewevated running track and basketbaww courts. Tennis courts, turf fiewds, and a running track are outdoors next to de Rec Center. The faciwity reopened in earwy 2015 after a major renovation and expansion, uh-hah-hah-hah. The Lywwye Reynowds-Parker Bwack Cuwturaw Center, named in honor of awumna, civiw rights activist, and counsewor Lywwye-Reynowds Parker, opened in October 2019.
The current Residence Hawws are: Barnhart, Bean, Carson, Earw, de Gwobaw Schowars Haww, Hamiwton, Kawapuya Iwihi, de Living-Learning Center, Riwey, and Wawton, uh-hah-hah-hah. The newest residence haww, Kawapuya Iwihi, opened in de Faww of 2017 and is named in honor of de indigenous Kawapuya tribe who wived in de Eugene area. Kawapuya Iwihi opened next to Gwobaw Schowars Haww, and hosts 531 students, as weww as incwudes an open-space for students and facuwty on de ground fwoor. Additionawwy, severaw residence hawws are expected to undergo major renovations in de near future.
- A cappewwa groups perform at de venue in front of de EMU on Friday afternoons.
- "It never rains at Autzen stadium." – It is a tradition for de announcer to caww dis out sometime during each footbaww game.
- Street Fair – Twice a year, a street fair wines de entire stretch of de University of Oregon campus on 13f Street. It features exceptionaw food and pwenty of arts and crafts.
- Each year in May dere is University Day, a campus-wide effort by students and facuwty/staff to beautify de grounds. It is a singwe day fiwwed wif pwanting trees, fwowers, cweaning up wandscapes and making de campus more presentabwe for de upcoming graduation ceremonies. In 1905 dis event repwaced de rowdy, destructive and sometimes viowent cwass-on-cwass Fwag Rush days.
- Each year, de university community hikes up Skinner Butte to paint de Big "O" overwooking Eugene.
- Many peopwe make "O" gestures wif deir hands to show support for de university.
- The Canoe Fete, one of de most bewoved past traditions of de university, took pwace on de Eugene miwwrace.
The University of Oregon is a member of de Pac-12 Conference and de Division I Footbaww Boww Subdivision of de NCAA. The adwetic programs have garnered 28 NCAA team championships, as weww as 60 NCAA individuaw champions in various track and fiewd events. The strengf of de track program, as weww as its connection to Nike, has made Eugene known as "Track Town, USA". The two primary rivaws of de Oregon Ducks footbaww team are de Washington Huskies and de Oregon State Beavers, dough dey awso have a strong rivawry wif de Washington State Cougars. The footbaww rivawry wif Oregon State University is one of de nation's owdest. Every year, de two teams face off in de wast game of de reguwar season, uh-hah-hah-hah. The two teams have faced each oder nearwy every year since 1894 except for five years. Games were not hewd in 1900, 1901, 1911, 1943, and 1944.
The university competes in 14 sports: footbaww, men's and women's basketbaww, cross country, track and fiewd, basebaww, softbaww, men's and women's tennis, men's and women's gowf, women's soccer, women's wacrosse, women's vowweybaww, and acrobatics & tumbwing. This does not incwude cwub sports which competes at de Division I wevew in Rugby, Soccer, Rowing, and Waterpowo. As weww as women's Division I cwub adwetics in Rowing, Rugby, and Waterpowo.
Wif 20 NCAA championships between dem, cross country and track and fiewd are de two programs at de university dat have enjoyed de most success. The programs have produced many worwd-cwass adwetes incwuding Steve Prefontaine and Awberto Sawazar. Nike had been formed by de former track and fiewd head coach Biww Bowerman and former University of Oregon track runner Phiw Knight. The successes of de programs have given de name of Track Town, USA to Eugene.
Created in 1893, de footbaww team pwayed its first game in 1894 and won its first Rose Boww in 1917 against de University of Pennsywvania. The 1938–39 men's basketbaww team, nicknamed de "Taww Firs," won de first-ever NCAA basketbaww tournament by defeating Ohio State in de March 28, 1939 championship game.
Originawwy recognized as an officiaw sport at de university in 1908, basebaww was disbanded in 1981 due to concerns wif Titwe IX. In 2007, de adwetic director Patrick Kiwkenny announced pwans to reinstate basebaww and to drop wrestwing whiwe adding women's acrobatics & tumbwing.
Rewationship wif Nike
The Adwetic Department (AD) and university (UO) have a wong and compwex rewationship wif Nike Inc. The corporation has significant historicaw ties to UO. It was founded by two UO awumni. Nike founder Phiw Knight is awso one of de wargest benefactors in de history of UO. In recent years he has invested heaviwy in devewoping and maintaining de adwetic apparatus.
The mascot of de University of Oregon is de fighting duck. The popuwar Disney character Donawd Duck has been de mascot for decades, danks to a handshake agreement between den-Adwetic Director Leo Harris and Wawt Disney in 1947. The mascot has been chawwenged more dan a few times in its wifetime. The first came in 1966 when Wawt Disney died and de company reawized dere was no formaw contract written for de use of Donawd's image. A formaw contract was written up in 1973. Potentiaw heirs "Mawward Drake" and "Mandrake" chawwenged Donawd's position in 1978 and 2003 respectivewy, but bof were unpopuwar and discontinued.
In fiction and popuwar cuwture
The fiwm Nationaw Lampoon's Animaw House (1978) was fiwmed on de university campus and de surrounding area. The buiwding used as de exterior of de Dewta House (which bewonged to de University of Oregon Pi Kappa Awpha chapter) was demowished in 1986, but de interior scenes were shot in de Sigma Nu house, which stiww stands. The Omega house bewongs to de Phi Kappa Psi fraternity and stiww stands. The sorority house where Bwuto cwimbs de wadder to peek in on de femawe students was actuawwy de exterior of de Sigma Nu fraternity. Oder buiwdings used during fiwming incwude Johnson Haww, Gerwinger Haww, Fenton Haww, Carson Haww, and de Erb Memoriaw Union (EMU). The EMU dining faciwity known as "The Fishboww" was de site of de famous food-fight scene. The Knight Library and de Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art can awso be seen in de movie.
Oder fiwms shot at de university incwude
- Abe Lincown in Iwwinois (1940)
- Five Easy Pieces (1970)
- Drive, He Said (1970)
- How to Beat de High Cost of Living (1980)
- Personaw Best (1982)
- Stand By Me (1986) (shot primariwy in nearby Brownsviwwe)
- Widout Limits (1998)
- Zerophiwia (2005)
The University of Oregon awso appeared in de documentary The Hunting Ground after awwowing dree basketbaww pwayers accused of sexuaw assauwt to pway in an NCAA Tournament. The documentary focuses on campus rape in higher education institutions in de United States.
University of Oregon facuwty, researchers, and awumni incwude dree Nobew Prize waureates, 13 Puwitzer Prize winners, 19 Rhodes schowars, five Marshaww schowars, 58 Guggenheim Fewwows, and 129 Fuwbright schowars. Furdermore, two Oregon based researchers have been awarded de President's Nationaw Medaw of Science, whiwe nine researchers are members of de Nationaw Academy of Sciences.
There are more dan 195,000 University of Oregon awumni around de worwd. The Ford Awumni Center, adjacent to Matdew Knight Arena, is a gadering pwace for awumni and houses an interactive exhibit. The UO Awumni Association is awso based out of dis faciwity.
Prominent awumni incwude: academic weaders Lee Bowwinger (president of Cowumbia University and former president of de University of Michigan), Gene Bwock (chancewwor of UCLA), and Asher Cohen (President of de Hebrew University of Jerusawem), TV host Ann Curry, audor and counter-cuwture figure Ken Kesey (One Fwew Over de Cuckoo's Nest), businessman Phiw Knight (founded Nike, Inc. in Eugene), NFL qwarterback Marcus Mariota (2014 Heisman Trophy winner), screenwriter Stephen J. Canneww, audor Chuck Pawahniuk (Fight Cwub), cognitive scientist and audor Dougwas Hofstadter (Gödew, Escher, Bach), U.S. Senator Ron Wyden, American sportscaster and former professionaw footbaww pwayer Ahmad Rashād, professionaw basketbaww pwayers Luke Ridnour, Luke Jackson and Sabrina Ionescu, former American footbaww qwarterback and current sportscaster Dan Fouts, actress Kaitwin Owson, Circuit Court Judge Howwie Pihw, and a capewwa singer musician Peter Howwens, musician Tony Gwausi and Hiwda Heine (President of de Marshaww Iswands), Coach Mark Few (coach of Men's Basketbaww Gonzaga Buwwdogs.)
Facuwty and staff
Notabwe current and former facuwty and staff incwude: renowned Canadian architect Ardur Erikson, biochemist and biophysicist Brian Matdews (awso known for Matdews correwation coefficient), neuroscientist Michaew Posner, behaviouraw psychowogist and risk researcher Pauw Swovic, mowecuwar biowogist and geneticist Frankwin Stahw (noted for Mesewson–Stahw experiment) which he performed at Cawtech, mowecuwar biowogist George Streisinger (pioneered de use of Zebrafish in biowogicaw research), and 2012 Nobew Prize in Physics winner Knight Research Professor David Winewand, formerwy of NIST and de University of Coworado Bouwder.
Notabwe current and former adwetic department staff incwude: track coach Biww Bowerman (known for co-founding Nike, Inc.) and footbaww coach Chip Kewwy (awso known for coaching Phiwadewphia Eagwes and San Francisco 49ers).
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The International Positive Psychology Association (IPPA) offers members year-round opportunities to learn about the science and application of positive psychology, and to connect with experts in the field. One example is through the Positive Psychology Leader Series program, which features monthly webinars and Q&A with distinguished practitioners and academics.
Meaningful Living During Difficult Times: The Role of Purpose
with Laura King, Ph.D.
May 19th, 5pm EST*
Abstract: Meaning in life is often viewed as a grand experience reserved for people who have the resources to engage in activities that promote a rare and much sought after experience. After debunking common misconceptions about meaning in life, I will review evidence demonstrating the vital role of purpose in the everyday experience of meaning in life even during difficult times. Purpose may be a resilient source of meaning for people who have experienced negative, even traumatic, events.
Speaker Biography: Laura A. King received her BA in English Literature (with high honors and distinction) and Psychology (with distinction) at Kenyon College and her PhD in Personality Psychology from the University of California, Davis. She was on the faculty of Southern Methodist University for 10 years prior to moving to the University of Missouri, Columbia, where she is a Curators’ Distinguished Professor of Psychological Sciences. Laura’s research concerns well-being, especially meaning in life, the life story, and folk theories of The Good Life. Whatever the topic, her work reflects an enduring interest in what is healthy and functioning about people, and recognizing psychological functioning in everyday people and their everyday lives. She has published over 100 articles and chapters and two successful textbooks. She received the Carol and Ed Diener Award for Distinguished Contributions to Personality in 2011; the award for Distinguished Service to SPSP in 2015; and the 2018 Jack Block Award for Distinguished Research in Personality Psychology, the highest honor in her field. She was recently elected President of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology. Laura has served as editor or associate editor for a number of journals and was the first woman to edit the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology: Personality Processes and Individual Differences, the top outlet in personality and social psychology. She is currently the editor of Perspectives on Psychological Science. She lives with her wife Lisa and their son, Sam. She enjoys morning runs with the family dog, John, and in the “before times” she hosted extravagant dinner parties. |
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A rich selection of literature, from classical to contemporary, covering all four genres (poetry, fiction, drama, essay), represents diversity in voice and ethnicity, and illustrates a variety of styles and forms.
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The pandemic has blended the physical with digital education to suit all. I would like to call it a ‘PhyGital’ model. There are challenges of digital access and entire South Asia needs a major connectivity movement for the same. Education, especially higher education in the university, is set to alter due to the New Education Policy announced by the government.
So what major changes do we expect to redefine higher education? Here is a list being attempted in brief.
1. Breakdown Of Walls
Most universities will be moving towards doing away with hitherto tight compartmentalised education, divided into streams and disciplines, like arts, sciences, commerce, law and engineering. They would bring in the concept of minor specialisation from micro-biology to music to photography. Young learners will have the option to pick a domain as their major, say engineering, and twin it up with a minor specialisation (not just an elective), which can be as diverse as photography or music from the heart, or management to go well with technology learning.
2. PhyGital Way Ahead
Education would now use content creation, content delivery, learners’ engagement and learners’ evaluation. Now this will have proprietary content (mentor’s slideshow, videos, podcasts, notes, info-graphics) coupled with aggregated content from diverse open sources including various Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). The open sources can be free MOOCs like Swayam, videos from YouTube and Vimeo, podcasts, slideshare, pdfs of chapters and books, case-studies, animation and info-graphics. The mentor’s job is to aggregate all these diverse but relevant content in advance before discussed online or face-to-face. Delivery of content is done in diverse ways: face to face, digitally in advance, or through platforms. Even evaluation or assessment is changing from merely course-end written examination to a blended approach of multiple evaluations: open-book exams, written analytical and applied exams face to face or from remote, interview, quiz, case-study, verbal presentation, project-completion, prototype making, through which diverse skills and comprehension are evaluated. Every university education will move towards this blended diverse layered approach.
3. Internships And Field Projects
The next big change coming in higher education at the university level is getting internships in government or non-government organisations, MSMEs or large corporate houses, along with live projects with a client, as a compulsory part of the degrees, with credits and scores. Students have to do projects and internships, even if they are in liberal arts, literature, natural sciences, commerce and submit reports to complete their specific semesters.
4. World Is A Big University
The significance of enormous real estates of universities, the exclusivity of your faculty, the challenges of accessing learning resources from ivy league institutes or top class professors will soon be on a steady decline. The online education is allowing access to content and live sessions by top scholars of the world. An MOU between two universities from two continents is now allowing faculty member of one address learners from both the universities. Also, almost all universities are tying up with online education providers like Coursera, Upgrad, Unacademy, and adding another dimension to their usual and traditional teaching-learning pedagogy on campus.
5. One Life, Many Careers
Earlier generations were equipped for one career as a lifetime mission: being an engineer, business manager, doctor, communication professional, designer. Post pandemic, in the new furthermore VUCA world (volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous), the need for multiple careers and multi-skilling is on the rise. One has to learn ways and means to self-learn. Hence, the concept of a flipped classroom, where universities are creating components and exposure to ensure learning to learn.
6. Rise Of Skills
Some of the top new-age global corporate majors, like Facebook, Google had already announced they would recruit not by degrees, but by skills-sets, portfolio and competencies. Employers need usable skills and competencies and jobs moving out of the government departments, the trend is getting stronger by the day. Universities are realising that their degree-centricity in operations has a limited shelf-life, and hence focusing more on hands-on competencies based skill-learning.
7. Creativity And Problem-Solving
Since all repetitive work in the new VUCA world shall be taken away by automation and robotics, artificial intelligence and machine learning would easily predict steps or activities in a production chain. Hence, the youth will be expected to solve hitherto unknown or less predicted problems, find creative solutions to questions, develop a new template or model or sample, innovate production process or product usage, manage crises, and do team-work and give leadership to collective initiatives that create wealth and add value in society. All of these need an education, which bans rote learning, gives less premium to merely information or data but nurtures innovative thinking and practice, creativity and problem-solving among the learners. Pedagogy that creates a design-thinking capability in the higher education learners is being increasingly utilised.
8. Outcome-Based Education (OBE)
Quite often we hear about scores, grades, degrees, marks as the primary outcomes of education. Every university program and course now are finalising the learning objectives and outcomes of the specific programs and courses. They are mapping the content of the modules and the projects and assignments all to these objectives and outcomes. Such outcomes are qualitatively and quantitatively first formulated and after the delivery, are being assessed through mentor’s and learners’ feedback and evaluation. It is a very different scenario emerging in higher education through this OBE approach, which goes far beyond merely completing a course, taking a written examination, evaluating and giving a degree or diploma till the recent past.
9. Most Preferred
With automation and AI coming in and repetitive manufacturing or routine service jobs getting mechanised, the domains of life sciences research and development, business models and approaches, and liberal arts-communication skills and careers are becoming the focus of higher education in the universities. The demand in these subjects has gone up more than 23 per cent in 2020 by a recent estimate, while engineering in most places has been hit hard.
10. Must-For-All Masters
All good masters courses, irrespective of the major or minor specialisations, are now making soft and life skills as compulsory components of learning to make the learners equipped with better emotional intelligence and communication skills. They are also adding goal-focused career-planning, start-up culture and entrepreneurial skills more so because even those appointed as trainee managers or entry-level officers are expected to own up the tasks given and function with a custodian mind-set.
The author is the Pro Vice Chancellor of Kolkata-based Adamas University |
I. Co-morbid Depression in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: What Every Physician Needs to Know
Why depression is important in patients with chronic heart failure
Depression is a common co-morbid condition in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic heart failure (HF). We have found that 35% of 374 HF patients who were hospitalized because of cardiac problems were having mild or greater depressive symptoms via the self-administered Beck Depression Inventory scale (BDI – total score equal or greater than 10) and 14% of them met the criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) via clinical psychiatric interview. A meta-analysis in 2006 found a 21% incidence of clinically significant depression in HF patients.
While depression is not only common, it adversely affects the prognosis of patients with HF. HF patients with depression, even mild, die earlier than those patients without depression. The more severe the depression is, the higher the mortality in HF patients. The negative impact of depression on the survival of HF patients may last for more than a decade. Depression is also associated with increased co-morbidity that requires hospitalizations in HF patients and reduces the quality of life of these patients. The negative impact of depression in patients with HF is independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors.
Although there have been no results showing that treating depression improves outcomes, the above evidence clearly suggests that effective management of depression will be of substantial benefit for HF patients.
II. Diagnostic Confirmation: Are you sure your patient has depression?
As with all other mental conditions, diagnosis of depression is made by gathering information from talking with and/or observing the patients with/without obtaining collaterals. There is no laboratory test that may be used for the confirmation of the depression diagnosis. Psychiatric diagnostic interview is the gold standard for making the diagnosis. However, in “real life,” diagnosis of depression may be made via the following:
Having the patient provide answers on self-administered questionnaires, such as the BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) – 21 items – and the PHQ (Patient Health Questionnaire) – 9 (http://www.depression-primarycare.org/clinicians/toolkits/materials/forms/phq9/).
Asking two simple questions, i.e., are you feeling depressed, sad, down, or blue? And have you lost interest in doing things you used to enjoy?
A total BDI (21 items) score is equal to or greater than 10; the PHQ-9 score is equal to or greater than 10. “Yes” on either or both of the “are you feeling depressed, sad, down, or blue” and “have you lost interest in doing things you used to enjoy” questions are evidence indicating that the patient has depression. Another key element in making the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) is that the above symptoms have to be occurring most of the day, most days of the week, lasting for 2 or more weeks.
Should a patient fulfill the above criteria, clinical depression is indicated and intervention needs to be considered.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), clinical depression may be MDD, dysthymia or mild, chronic depression, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), or part of bipolar disorder. Diagnosis of MDD requires five or more of the following nine symptoms with least one of the A category symptoms occurring for 2 or more weeks. Diagnosis of dysthymia may not require five or more symptoms, but one has to have one of the A category symptoms and the duration of the depression needs to be 2 years or longer.
Nine symptoms of depression:
Sadness or depressed mood most of the day or almost every day.
Loss of enjoyment in things that were once pleasurable.
Major change in weight (gain or loss of more than 5% of weight within a month) or appetite
Insomnia or excessive sleep almost every day
Physically restless or rundown that is noticeable by others
Fatigue or loss of energy almost every day
Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness or excessive guilt almost every day
Problems with concentration or making decisions almost every day
Recurring thoughts of death or suicide, suicide plan, or suicide attempt
The two items in the A category can be elicited via the PHQ-2 questionnaire as the following:(www.fpnotebook.com/Psych/Exam/PtntHlthQstnr2.htm):
In past 2 weeks, have you been bothered by:
Little interest or pleasure in doing things?
Feeling down, depressed or hopeless?
The rating of PHQ-2 can be used as “yes” or “no” to each of the two questions categorically, or scaled from 0-3 of each question to reflect the severity, as:
Not at all: 0
Several days: 1
More than half the days: 2
Nearly every day: 3
When the answer is positive (yes) to either question above, or the total score is 3 or greater, a detailed review of the 9 symptoms listed above or using the PHQ-9 is needed to ascertain the existence of depression.
A. History Part I: Pattern Recognition:
Symptoms of depression in HF patients may be mistaken as the symptoms of HF. Another common misconception is that because the patient has HF, therefore, he or she is depressed. Clinically we have observed many patients who have extremely low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) but who maintain their exercise capacity and don’t fulfill the criteria for depression. On the other side, there have been patients whose LVEF has been relatively preserved, but they experience a lot of somatic symptoms that prevent them from participating in cardiac rehabilitation programs and routine daily activity. It is likely that many of these patients are suffering from depression, which has greatly accentuated the disability of their cardiac condition.
B. History Part 2: Prevalence:
Female patients with history of depression, anxiety (especially generalized anxiety disorder or panic disorder), and those who recently have had a significant loss, such as losing a loved one or a close friend, or their job, are more susceptible to developing depression. Susceptible patients may develop depression after learning they have heart failure or other medical illnesses.
C. History Part 3: Competing diagnoses that can mimic disease depression.
Bipolar disorder: Question if the patient has had episodes (lasting for several days) of feeling euphoric, on top of the world, expansive, hyperenergetic with little sleep, and/or possessing nearly unlimited wealth, or if the patient has received comments from family members and/or close friends suggesting that he or she might have a manic/bipolar condition.
Schizoaffective disorder: Question the patient if he or she has had experience of losing touch with reality, and/or hallucinations.
Substance-induced or -related depression: Taking a careful history for drug or alcohol use is critical. When there are suspicions but the patient denies substance abuse, discussing it with the patient’s family may reveal significant problems that account for the depressive symptoms.
D. Physical Examination Findings.
One may say that there is no “physical examination” required for making the diagnosis of depression, but there are physical signs that patients with depression may reveal, such as constricted affect or sadness-appearing, psychomotor retardation, or slow movement, that cannot be fully explained by the underlying physical illnesses.
Figure 1 is a “Depression Care Algorithm for CHF Patients” based on the author’s clinical experience. While it walks through the care steps for clinicians or cardiologists who take care of these kinds of CHF patients, one needs to bear in mind the following:
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are believed to be efficacious in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and safe from the cardiac standpoint relative to other kinds of antidepressants; however, there is no evidence suggesting antidepressants are effective for the treatment of depression in patients with HF. A well-conducted, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, i.e., the SADHART-CHF (Safety and Efficacy of Sertraline for Depression in Patients with CHF), failed to demonstrate sertraline is better than placebo for depression in 469 HF patients with MDD. The patients whose depression remitted had significant improvement in their quality of life measured by SF-36 and cardiac symptoms measured by the KCCQ. These findings suggest that effective treatment for depression can lead to important benefits for HF patients. The psychosocial support provided during the SADHART-CHF was believed to attribute to the depression remission of patients in the study. Of interest is the fact that a biomarker substudy of the SADHART-CHF study revealed that the majority of the SADHARD-CHF study participants had low omega 3 fatty acid in their blood. The low omega 3 might have contributed to the lack of antidepressant effect of sertraline.
Based on the SADHART-CHF findings, results of omega 3 supplementation in HF patients, and literature on omega 3 and depression, it may be necessary to start omega 3 supplementation with the EPA:DHA equal or greater than 2:1 for HF patients who have depression prior to the use of antidepressants, or to add the omega 3 supplement to the patients who have been taking antidepressants. A number of large scale clinical trials have shown that omega 3 supplementation improves the survival of patients with CHD and HF. Omega 3 supplementation has been associated with improved LVEF as well but this effect has not been confirmed.
Aerobic exercise has been shown to improve depression in the HD population and to be beneficial to outcomes of HF. HF patients with depression should be encouraged to engage in routine physical activities and/or aerobic exercise. The initiation of exercise may need to be monitored by cardiac rehabilitation services in selected patients.
Nurse-facilitated psychosocial supportive measures were believed to be contributory to the high rate of remission, i.e., disappearance of depression, in the SADHART-CHF trial, although there is also lack of evidence regarding non-pharmacologic intervention for HF patients with co-morbid depression. Psychosocial supportive intervention may be chosen as the first line of intervention for HF patients whose depression is mild.
When choosing an antidepressant, whether there are drug-drug interactions with the medications that the patients are currently taking needs to be carefully reviewed. Many cardiovascular medications may interact with the metabolization of antidepressants or vice versa. Therefore, (1) one may start an antidepressant at a lower dose than suggested; and (2) while monitoring the effects of the antidepressant, close monitoring of the effects of other medications and their side effects cannot be neglected. Please see Table I for commonly used antidepressants.
A. Immediate management.
As indicated in the depression care algorithm for CHF patients (Figure 1), development of active suicidal ideation and/or psychosis will require immediate psychiatric care.
D. Long-term management.
In general, an episode of depression requires a 6-month continued intervention from the time the depression appears to be in remission prior to the taper of the intervention. For the patient who has had two or more episodes of depression in his or her life, the standard practice is to have the patient on effective antidepressants indefinitely. In addition, such patients should be under the care of psychiatric professionals.
There is no evidence at this time, however, that treatment of depressive symptoms results in longer survival or reductions in cardiovascular events.
E. Common Pitfalls and Side-Effects of Management
The depression is not improving, or becomes worse: This usually indicates that either the patient is not on the appropriate treatment (medication or requires other interventions such as psychotherapy or electroconvulsive treatment) or the diagnosis is inaccurate. If you have attempted two trials of antidepressants, it is time to refer the patient to a psychiatrist or mental health provider.
The patients are not compliant with the depression intervention: This may be due to patient lack of understanding of the treatment, or concern about the cost of medication. Psycho-education and/or finding low cost antidepressants from certain pharmacies are solutions.
Common side effects of antidepressants disappear after 10-14 days of use, except the sexual dysfunction that stays until the antidepressant is terminated. For patients who cannot tolerate the sexual dysfunction side effects, remeron and wellbutrin may be the choice. While using these antidepressants, close monitoring of blood pressure is necessary.
Serotonin syndrome: This is a life-threatening side effect that tends to happen in patients who take SSRIs or SNRIs (Selective Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) who are placed on other mediations that either have serotonergic effects or interact with the metabolization or clearance of SSRIs or SNRIs.
Serotonin syndrome needs to be recognized rapidly. Immediate termination of the antidepressants and the exacerbating agent(s) usually abate the symptoms. Benzodiazepines are first-line medications to alleviate symptoms of serotonin syndrome. Patients with high fever, confusion or life-threatening vital signs need to be hospitalized.
Medications that may result in serotonin syndrome, especially when used in combination
SSRIs (See Table I)
Effexor, Effexor XR (venlafaxine)
Triptans are a class of drugs commonly used to treat migraine or cluster headaches. They act on serotonin receptors in the brain, thereby affecting serotonin levels. Examples of triptans include:
Maxalt and Maxalt-MLT (rizatriptan)
Zomig and Zomig ZMT (zolmitriptan)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Other psychiatric medications
Herbal drugs/dietary supplements
Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort)
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
This list is not meant to be all-inclusive. To avoid an increased risk of patients developing serotonin syndrome, be certain to collect information about all drugs and dietary supplements they are taking or changing.
What's the evidence
Jiang, W, Krisnan, R, Kuchibhatla, M, Cuffe, MS, Martsberger, C. “for the SADHART-CHF Investigators. Characteristics of Depression Remission and Its Relation With Cardiovascular Outcome Among Patients With Chronic Heart Failure (from the SADHART-CHF Study)”. Am J Cardiol.. vol. 107. 2011. pp. 545-51. (The results of this study indicate that remission from depression may improve the cardiovascular outcome of patients with heart failure.)
O’Connor, CM, Jiang, W, Kuchibhatla, M, Silva, SG, Cuffe, MS. “for the SADHART-CHF Investigators. Safety and Efficacy of Sertraline for Depression in Patients With Heart Failure: Results of the SADHART-CHF Trial”. JACC. vol. 56. 2010. pp. 692-9. (This is the only existing study with randomization and double-blind control testing whether SSRIs are efficacious in improving depression and safe for patients with HF and co-morbid MDD.)
Adams, J, Kuchibhatla, M, Martsberger, C, Christopher, EJ, Alexander, JD. “Association of Depression and Survival in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure over 12 Years”. Psychosomatics. 2012 Jan 24. (The results of this study demonstrate that the impact of depression measured at one point of time on the survival of patients with HF lasts for decades.)
Hoffman, BM, Babyak, MA, Craighead, WE, Sherwood, A, Doraiswamy, PM. “Exercise and pharmacotherapy in patients with major depression: one-year follow-up of the SMILE study”. Psychosom Med. vol. 73. 2011. pp. 127-33. (This study suggests that improvement of depression resulting from exercise training lasted longer than the effects of SSRIs on depression improvement.)
Melvin R., Echols, Jiang, W. “Clinical Trials Evidence for Treatment of Depression in Heart Failure. HEART FAILURE CLINICS”. Heart Fail Clin. vol. 7. 2011. pp. 81-8. (This is a recently published study that summarizes the updated research findings in depression treatment in patients with HF.)
Barbour, KA, Edenfield, TM, Blumenthal, JA. “Exercise as a treatment for depression and other psychiatric disorders: a review”. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. vol. 27. 2007. pp. 359-67. (This study summarizes the updated research results of exercise impact on depression.)
Rutledge, T, Reis, VA, Linke, SE, Greenberg, BH, Mills, PJ. “Depression in heart failure a meta-analytic review of prevalence, intervention effects, and associations with clinical outcomes”. J Am Coll Cardiol. vol. 48. 2006. pp. 1527-37. (This is a good reference in review of depression prevalence and impact on outcome of HF patients.)
Paraskevaidis, I, Parissis, JT, Fountoulaki, K, Filippatos, G, Kremastinos, D. “Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors for the treatment of depression in coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure: evidence for pleiotropic effects”. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. vol. 4. 2006. pp. 361-7. (This review helps readers to understand the use of SSRIs in patients with CHD and HF.)
Jiang, W, Alexander, J, Christopher, E, Kuchibhatla, M, Gaulden, LH. “Relationship of depression to increased risk of mortality and rehospitalization in patients with congestive heart failure”. Archives of Internal Medicine. vol. 161. 2001. pp. 1849-56. (The first systematically and prospectively conducted study examining the prevalence of depression and its impact on survival of patients with heart failure.)
Kroenke, K, Spitzer, RL, Williams, JB. “The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener”. Med Care. vol. 41. 2003. pp. 1284-92. (This study discuss the use of the PHQ-2 in assessing depression at bedside and the sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-2 for depression.)
“Validation of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 to Screen for Major Depression in the Primary Care Population”. Ann Fam Med. vol. 8. 2010. pp. 348-53. (This study compares PHQ-2 and PHQ9 for diagnosing MDD.)
Copyright © 2017, 2013 Decision Support in Medicine, LLC. All rights reserved.
No sponsor or advertiser has participated in, approved or paid for the content provided by Decision Support in Medicine LLC. The Licensed Content is the property of and copyrighted by DSM.
- I. Co-morbid Depression in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: What Every Physician Needs to Know
- II. Diagnostic Confirmation: Are you sure your patient has depression?
- A. History Part I: Pattern Recognition:
- B. History Part 2: Prevalence:
- C. History Part 3: Competing diagnoses that can mimic disease depression.
- D. Physical Examination Findings.
- III. Management.
- A. Immediate management.
- D. Long-term management.
- E. Common Pitfalls and Side-Effects of Management |
I am a native Texan, a Francophile, a writer, a reader, and a(n aspiring) traveler. I have a lifelong fascination with pirates, reading and writing, watching movies, and discovering new music.
For years I only read and wrote fantasy (favorite books and series include The Blue Sword by Robin McKinley, A Song of Ice and Fire by George R.R. Martin, The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien, the Wheel of Time by Robert Jordan, and the Tawny Man and Farseer by Robin Hobb). My creative writing courses in undergrad and in grad school forced me to write more realistic “literary” fiction–and I’m so glad for that. Much of my writing on this blog leans towards the fantastic, as it is still one of the most fun things for me to write.
If you’re not sure where to start—-the tabs above will lead you to ongoing serial stories, flash fiction challenges that are usually stand-alone pieces, and the 100-word bites of fun from Friday Fictioneers.
The title of this blog, Vers Les Etoiles means “to the stars” in French and comes from a song from the musical Notre Dame de Paris (The Hunchback of Notre Dame). The blog address is shortened from “second star on the right” which is loosely part of the directions to Neverland that Peter Pan tells Wendy. It is a combination of my love of France, fiction, literature, writing, and language, with other things scattered in between.
© Hannah Sears and Vers Les Etoiles, 2012-2019. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this blog’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Hannah Sears and Vers Les Etoiles with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. |
Do you use interactive math notebooks in your 5th grade math class? This 5th grade math interactive notebook resource contains over 100 interactive math notebook templates to help enhance your math instruction and anchor your students' learning.About the 5th Grade Interactive Math Notebook Resource:
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Parts of a plant page (flower, leaves, and
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- Lyophilized Injection Each vial contains:
Bleomycin Sulphate IP
Equivalent to Bleomycin …………………….15units
Bleomycin for Injection, USP is a mixture of cytotoxic glycopeptide antibiotics isolated from a strain of Streptomyces verticillus and is freely soluble in water.
It is available as a lyophilized powder for intramuscular, intravenous or subcutaneous injection. Each vial contains sterile bleomycin sulfate equivalent to 15 units or 30 units of bleomycin. Sulfuric acid or Sodium hydroxide used, if necessary to adjust the pH.
Bleomycins are a group of related basic glycopeptides which differ in the terminal amine substituent of the common structural unit, bleomycin acid. The main components of Bleomycin for Injection are bleomycins A2 and B2. Chemically, bleomycin A2 is N1-[3-(dimethylsulfonio)propyl]-bleomycinamide and bleomycin B2 is N1-[4-(aminoiminomethyl)amino]butyl]-bleomycinamide.
The molecular formula of bleomycin A2 is C55H84N17O21S3 and a calculated molecular weight of 1414. The molecular formula of bleomycin B2 is C55H84N20O21S2 and a calculated molecular weight of 1425. The structural formula of bleomycins A2 and B2 are shown below.
Note:A unit of bleomycin is equal to the formerly used milligram activity. The term milligram activity is a misnomer and was changed to units to be more precise.
Although the exact mechanism of action of BLEOZ is unknown, available evidence indicates that the main mode of action is the inhibition of DNA synthesis with some evidences of lesser inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis.
Bleomycin is known to cause single, and to lesser extent, double-stranded breaks in DNA. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, bleomycin has been shown to cause cell cycle arrest in G2 and in mitosis
When administered into the pleural cavity in treatment of malignant pleural effusion, BLEOZ acts as a sclerosing agent.
Bleomycin is rapidly absorbed following either intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intrapleural administered reaching peak plasma concentration in 30 to 60 minutes. Systemic bioavailability of bleomycin is 100% and 70% following intramuscular and subcutaneous administrations, respectively and 45% following both intraperitoneal and intrapleural administrations, compared to intravenous and bolus administration.
Following intramuscular doses of 1 to 10 units/m2, both peak plasma concentration and AUC increased in proportion with increase if dose.
Followings intramuscular bolus administration of 30 units of BLEOZ to one patient with a primary germ cell tumor of the brain, a peak CSF level was 40 % of the simultaneously-obtained plasma level and was attained in 2 hours after drug administration. The area under the bleomycin CSF concentration x time curve was 25% of the area of thebleomycin plasma concentration x time curve.
Bleomycin is widely distributed throughout the body with a mean volume of distribution of 17.5L/m2 in Patients following a 15 units/m2 intravenous bolus dose. Proteins binding of bleomycin has not been studied.
Bleomycin in inactived by a cysteine proteinase, bleomycinhydrolase.The enzyme is widely distributed in normal tissues with the exception of the skin and lungs, both targets of bleomycin toxicity. Systemic only important in patients with severely compromised renal function.
The primary route of elimination is via the kidneys. About 65% of the administered intravenous dose is excreted in urine with 24 hour. In patients with normal renal function plasma concentration of bleomycin decline biexponentially with a mean terminal half-life clearance averaged 51ml/min/m2 and 23ml/min/m2.
Following intrapleural administration to patients with normal renal function, a lower percentage of drug (40%) is recovered in the urine as compared to that found on the urine after intravenous administration.
Age, Gender and Race
The effect of age, gender and race on the pharmacokinetics of BLEOZhave not been evaluated.
Children of the less than 3 years of age have higher total body clearance than in adult, 71 ml/min/m2
Respectively, following intravenous bolus administration. Children of more than 8 year of age have comparable clearance as in adult.
In children with normal renal function plasma concentration of bleomycin decline biexponentially as in adult. The volume of distribution and terminal half –life of bleomycin in children appears comparable to that in adults.
Renal insufficiency markedly alters bleomycin elimination. The terminal elimination half-life increases exponentially as the creatinine clearance decrease. Dosing reduction were proposed for patients with creatinine clearance value of < 50ml/min (see PRECAUTIONS and DOSAGE AND ANDMINSTRATION).
The effect of hepatic insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of BLEOZ has not been evaluated.
Drugs that can Affect Renal Clearance
Because bleomycin is eliminated predominantly through renal excretion, the administration of nephrotoxic drugs with affect its renal clearance, specifically, in one report of 2 children receiving concomitant with bleomycin, total body clearance of bleomycin decreased from 39 to 18 ml/min/m2 as the cumulative dose cisplatin exceeded 300 mg/m2. Terminal half- life of bleomycin also increased from 4.4 to 6.0 hours. Fatal bleomycin pulmonary has been reported in a patient with unrecognized cisplatin-induced oilguric renal failure.
Malignant Pleural Effusion
The Safety and efficacy of BLEOZ 60 unit and tetracycline (1g) as treatment for malignant pleural effusion were evaluated in multicenter, randomized trial. Patients were required to have cytological positive pleural effusion, good performance status (0, 1, 2), lungreexpansion following tube thoracotomy with drainage rates of 100 ml/24 hours or less, no prior intrapleural therapy, no prior systemic BLEOZ therapy, no recent change in systemic therapy. Overall survival did not differ between the BLEOZ (n=44) and tetracycline rate was 36% (10/28) with BLEOZ and 67% (18/27) with tetracycline (p=0.023).Toxicity was similar between groups.
BLEOZ should be considered a palliative treatment. It has been shown to be useful in the management of the following neoplasms either as a single agent or in proven combinations with other approved chemotherapeutic agents.
Squamous cell Carcinoma
Head and neck (including mouth, tongue, tonsil, nasopharynx, oropharynx, sinus, plate, lip, buccal mucosa, gingivae, skin, larynx), Penis, cervix, and vulva. The response to BLEOZ is poorer in patients with previously irradiated head neck cancer.
Hodgkin’s diseases, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Embryonal cell, choriocarcinoma and teratocarcinoma.
BLEOZ has also been shown to be useful in the management of:
Malignant Pleural Effusion
BLEOZ is effective as ascierosing agent for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion and prevention of recurrent pleural effusions.
DOSAGE AND ADMINSTRATION
Because of the possibility of an anaphylactiod reaction. Lymphoma patients should be treated with 2 units or less for the first 2 doses. If no acute reaction occurs, then the regular dosage schedule may be followed.
The Following doses schedule is recommended:
Squamous cell carcinoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma testicular carcinoma-0.25 to 0.50
Units/kg (10 to 20 units/m2) given intravenously, or subcutaneously weekly or twice weekly.
Hodgkin’s disease – 0.25 to 0.50 units/kg (10 to 20 units/m2) given intravenously intramuscularly
Or subcutaneously weekly or twice weekly. After a 50% response, a maintenancedose of 1 unit daily or 5 units weekly intravenously or intram
Pulmonary toxicity of BLEOZ appear to be dose- related with a striking increase when the total dose is over 400 units.Total doses over 400 units should be given with great caution.
Note: when BLEOZ is used in combination with other antineoplastic agent, pulmonary toxicities may occur at lower doses.
Improvement of Hodgkin’s disease and testicular turnover is prompt and noted within 20 weeks. If no improvement is seen by this time, improvement is unlikely. Squamous cell cancer respond more slowly, sometimes requiring as long as 3 weeks before any improvement is noted.
Malignant Pleural Effusion- 60 units administered as a single dose bolus intrapleural injection (see Administration Intrapleural)
Use in Patients with Renal insufficiency
The following dosing reduction are proposed for patients with creatinine clearance (CRCL) value of les than 50 ml/min
|Patient CRCL (mL/min)||BLEOZ Dose (%)|
|50 and above||100|
CrCL can be estimated from the individual patients measured serum creatinine (Scr) value using the Cockcroft and Gault formula:
|Males CrCL =||[weight × (140 – Age)]/(72 x Scr)|
|Females CrCL =||0.85 x [weight × (140 – Age)]/(72 x Scr)|
|Where CrCL in mL/min/1.73m2, weight in kg, age in years, and Scr in mg/dL.|
BLEOZ may be given by the intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous, or intrapleural routes.
Caution should be exercised when handling BLEOZ for injection. Procedures for proper handling and disposal of anticancer drugs should be utilized. Several guidelines on this subject have been published. 1-4 To minimize the risk of dermal exposure, always wear impervious gloves when handling vials containing BLEOZ for injection. If BLEOZ for injection contacts the skin thoroughly with soap and water. If contact with mucous membranes occurs, the membranes should be flushed immediately and thoroughly with water. More information is available in the references listed below.
Intramuscular or Subcutaneous
The BLEOZ 15 units vial should be reconstituted with 1 to 5ml of Sterile Water for Injection, IP, Sodium Chloride for Injection, 0.9%, USP, or Sterile Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP. The BLEOZ 30 units vial should be reconstituted with 2 to 10ml of the above diluents.
The contents of the 15 units or 30 units vial should be dissolved in 5 ml or 10 ml, respectively, of Sodium Chloride for Injection, 0.9%, USP, and administered slowly over a period of 10minutes.
Sixty units of BLEOZ are dissolved in 50 to 100ml Sodium Chloride for Injection, 0.9%, USP, and administered through a thoracostomy tube following drainage of excess pleural fluid and confirmation of complete lung exapansion. The literature suggests that successful pleurodesis is, in part, dependent upon complete drainage of the pleural fluid and reestablishment of negative intrapleural pressure prior to instillation of a sclerosing agent. Therefore, the amount of drainage from the chest tube should be as minimal as possible prior to sclerosis. However, BLEOZ instillation may be appropriate when drainage is between 100 to 300 ml under clinical conditions that necessitate sclerosis therapy. The thoracostomy tube is clamped after BLEOZ instillation. The patient is moved from the supine to the left and right lateral positions several times during the next four hours. The clamp is then removed and suction reestablished. The amount of time the chest tube remains in place following sclerosis is dictated by the clinical situation.
The intrapleural injection of topical anesthetics or systemic narcotic analgesia is generally not required.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
It is recommended that BLEOZ be administration under the supervision of a qualified physician experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Appropriate management of therapy and complications is possible only when adequate diagnostic and treatment facilities are ready available.
Pulmonary fibrosis is the most sever toxicity associated with BLEOZ. The most frequent presentation is pneumonitis occasionally progressing to pulmonary fibrosis. Its occurrence is higher in elderly patients and in those receiving greater than 400units total dose, but pulmonary toxicity has been observed in young patients and those treated with low doses.
A sever idiosyncratic reaction of hypotension, mental confusion, fever, chills, and wheezing has been reported in approximately 1 % of lymphoma patients treated with BLEOZ.
BLEOZ (bleomycin sulfate for injection, USP) is a mixture of cytotoxic glycopeptide antibiotics isolated
From a strain of Streptomyces verticillus. It is freely soluble in water
Note: A unit of bleomycin is equal to the formerly used milligram activity. The term milligram activity is a misnomer and was changed to units to be more precise.
Patients receiving BLEOZ must be observed carefully and frequently during and after therapy. It should be used with extreme caution in patients with significant impairment of renal function or compromised pulmonary function.
Pulmonary toxicities occur in 10% of treated patients. In approximately 1%, the nonspecific pneumonitis induced by BLEOZ progresses to pulmonary fibrosis and death. Although this is age and dose related, the toxicity is unpredictable. Frequent roentgenograms are recommended (see ADVERSE REACTIONS: Pulmonary).
A severe idiosyncratic reaction (similar to anaphylaxis) consisting of hypotension, mental confusion, fever, chills, and wheezing has been reported in approximately 1% of lymphoma patients treated with BLEOZ. Since these reactions usually occur after the first or second dose, careful monitoring is essential after these doses (see ADVERSE REACTIONS: Idiosyncratic Reactions).
Renal or hepatic toxicity, beginning as a deterioration in renal or liver function tests, have been reported. These toxicities may occur at any time after initiation of therapy.
Usage in Pregnancy
Pregnancy Category D
BLEOZ can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. It has been shown to be teratogenic in rats. Administration of intraperitoneal doses of 1.5 mg/kg/day to rats (about 1.6 times the recommended human dose on a unit/m2 basis) on days 6 to 15 of gestation caused sketal malformations, shortened innominate artery and hydroureter. BLEOZ is abortifacient but not teratogenic in rabbits at intravenous doses of 1.2 mg/kg/day (about 2.4 times the recommended human dose on a unit/m2 basis) given on gestation days 6 to 18.
There have been no studies in pregnant women. If BLEOZ is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while receiving this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. Women of childbearing potential should be advised to avoid becoming pregnant during therapy with
Patients with creatinine clearance values of less than 50 ml/min should be treated with caution and their renal function should be carefully monitored during the administration of bleomycin. Lower doses of BLEOZ may be required in these patients than those with normal renal function (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
The carcinogenic potential of BLEOZ in humans is unknown. A study in F344type male rats demonstrated an increased incidence of nodular hyperplasia after induce lung carcinogenesis by nitroamines, followed by treatment with bleomycin. In another study where the drug was administered to rats by subcutaneous injection at 0.35 mg/kg weekly (3.82 units/m2 weekly or about 30% at the recommended human dose), necropsy findings included dose-related injection site fibrosarcomas as well as various renal tumors. Bleomycin has been shown to be mutagenic both in vitro and in vivo. The effects of bleomycin on fertility have not been studied.
Pregnancy Category D
It is not known whether the drug is exceted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infant, it is recommended that nursing be discontinued by women receiving BLEOZ therapy.
Safety and effectiveness of BLEOZ in pediatric patients have not been established.
In clinical trials, pulmonary toxicity was more common in patients older than 70years than in younger patients (see BOXED WARNING, WARNINGS, and ADVERSE REACTION: Pulmonary). Other reported clinical experience has not identified other differences in responses between elderly and younger patients, but identified other differences in responses between elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.
Bleomycin is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.
The most serious side effects are pulmonary adverse reactions, occurring in approximately 10% of treated patients. The most frequent presentation is pneumonitis occasionally progressing to pulmonary fibrosis. Approximately 1% of patients treated have died of pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary toxicity is both dose and age related, being more common in patients over 70 years of age and in those receiving over 400 units total dose. This toxicity, however, is unpredictable and has been seen in young patients receiving low doses. Some published reports have suggested that the risk of pulmonary toxicity may be increased when bleomycin is used in combination with G-CSF (filgrastim) or other cytokines. However, randomized clinical studies completed to date have not demonstrated an increased risk of pulmonary complications in patients treated with bleomycin and G-CSF.
Because of lack of specificity of the clinical syndrome, the identification of patients with pulmonary toxicity due to BLEOZ has been extremely difficult. The earliest symptom associated with BLEOZ pulmonary toxicity is dyspnea. The earliest sign is fine rales. Radiographically, BLEOZ – induced pneumonitis produces nonspecific patchy opacities, usually of the lower lung fields. The most common changes in pulmonary function tests are a decrease in total lung volume and a decrease in vital capacity. However, these changes are not predictive of the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
The microscopic tissue changes due to BLEOZ toxicity include bronchiolar squamous metaplasia, reactive macrophages, atypical alveolar epithelial cells, fibrinous edema, and interstitial fibrosis. The acute stage may involve capillary changes and subsequent fibrinous exudation into alveoli producing a change similar to hyaline membrane formation and progressing of a diffuse interstitial fibrosis resembling the Hamman-Rich syndrome. These microscopic findings are nonspecific; eg, similar changes are seen in radiation pneumonitis and pneumocystic pneumonitis.
To monitor the onset of pulmonary toxicity, roentgenograms of the chest should be taken every 1 to 2 weeks (see WARNINGS). If pulmonary changes are noted, treatment should be discontinued until it can be determined if they are drug related. Recent studies have suggested that sequential measurement of the pulmonary diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) during treatment with BLEOZ may be an indicator of subclinical pulmonary toxicity. It is recommended that the DLCO be monitored monthly if it is to be employed to detect pulmonary toxicities, and thus the drug should be discontinued when the DLCO falls below 30% to 35% of the pretreatment value.
Because of bleomycin’s sensitization of lung tissue, patients who have received bleomycin are at greater risk of developing pulmonary toxicity when oxygen is administered in surgery. While long exposure to very high oxygen concentrations is a known cause of lung damage, after bleomycin administration, lung damage can occur at lower concentrations that are usually considered safe. Suggested preventive measures are:
- Maintain FIO2 at concentrations approximating that of room air (25%) during surgery and the postoperative period.
- Monitor carefully fluid replacement, focusing more on colloid administration rather than crystalloid.
Sudden onset of an acute chest pain syndrome suggestive of pleuropericarditis has been reported during BLEOZ infusions. Although each patient must be individually evaluated, further courses of BLEOZ do not appear to be contraindicated. Pulmonary adverse events which may be related to the intrapleural administration of BLEOZ have been reported.
In approximately 1% of the lymphoma patients treated with BLEOZ an idiosyncratic reaction, similar to anaphylaxis clinically, has been reported. The reaction may be immediate or delayed for several hours, and usually occurs after the first or second dose (see WARNING). It consists of hypotension, mental confusion, fever, chills, and wheezing. Treatment is symptomatic including volume expansion, presser agents, antihistamines, and corticosteroids.
Integument and Mucous Membranes
These adverse reactions have been reported in approximately 50% of treated patients. They consist of erythema, rash, striae, vesiculation, hyperpigmentation, and tenderness of the skin. Hyperkeratosis nail changes, alopecia, pruritus, and stomatitis have also been reported. It was necessary to discontinue BLEOZ therapy in 2% of treated patients because of these toxicities.
Scleroderma-like skin changes have been reported.
Skin toxicity is a relatively late manifestation usually developing in the second and third week of treatment after 150 to 200 units of BLEOZ have been administered and appears to be related to the cumulative dose.
Intrapleural administration of BLEOZ has been associated with local pain. Hypotension possibly requiring symptomatic treatment has been reported. Death has been reported in association with BLEOZ pleurodesis in seriously ill patients.
Vascular toxicities coincident with the use of BLEOZ in combination with other antineoplastic agents have been reported. The events are clinically heterogeneous and may include myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, thrombotic microangiopathy (HUS), or cerebral arteritis. Various mechanisms have been proposed for these vascular complications. There are also reports of Raynaud’s phenomenon occurring in patients treated with BLEOZ in combination with vinblastine with or without cisplatin or, in a few cases, with BLEOZ as a single agent. It is currently unknown if the cause of Raynaud’s phenomenon in these cases is the disease, underlying vascular compromise, BLEOMYCIN vinblasine, hypomagnesemia, or a combination of any of these factors. Fever, chills and vomiting have been reported and may persist long after termination of this medication. Pain at tumor site, phlebitis, and other local reactions have been reported. Malaise has been reported.
Overdoses- No information provided.
BLEOZ is contraindicated in patients who have demonstrated a hypersensitive or an idiosyncratic reaction to it.
Store in cool place. Protect from light
15 units per vial as Bleomycin sulphate injection, IP
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- KAWA ADA (Acting)
- LESLEY ANDREW (Vocal Music)
- MICHAEL ARMSTRONG (Speech)
- STEWART ARNOTT (Scene Study)
- EVA BARRIE (Shakespeare Scene Study)
- RAOUL BHANEJA (Shakespeare Scene Study)
- PIOTR R. BIERNAT (Contact Improvisation, Movement)
- CINDY BLOCK (Movement)
- MARK BROWNELL (Theatre History, Dramatic Literature, Creative Process)
- LEAH CHERNIAK (Clown)
- ALEX DAULT (Self-producing)
- SUSAN FERLEY (Guest Director)
- SHARRY FLETT (Monologue)
- SIMON FON (Stage Combat)
- LESLIE FRENCH (Vocal Masque)
- RICHARD GREENBLATT (Guest Director)
- VICTORIA HEART (The Alexander Technique)
- VRENIA IVONOFFSKI (Mask, Commedia Dell'Arte)
- MARCIA JOHNSON (Storytelling)
- DEBORA JOY (Voice)
- JEANNETTE LAMBERMONT-MOREY (Monologue, Period Study)
- C. KENNEDY MacKINNON (Shakespeare)
- ROBERT McCOLLUM (Dance)
- ALLYSON McMACKON (GUEST DIRECTOR)
- SUE MINER (Coordinator, Director)
- ALISTAIR NEWTON (Guest Director)
- GEOFFREY POUNSETT (Speech)
- DAVID REALE (Acting)
- ED SAHELY (Group Improvisation)
- TARA SAMUEL(TV Acting)
- ROSANNA SARACINO (Fundamentals of Acting, Monologue)
- ELIZABETH SAUNDERS (Scene Study)
- JAMES SIMON (Director, Business of Acting, Canadian Drama, Career Studies, Scene Study)
- CHRISTOPHER STANTON (Vocal Masque)
- AUSAR STEWART (VOICE)
- TANISHA TAITT (Scene Study)
- DAVID TOMPA (Acting)
- NICOLE WILSON (Vocal Masque)
- PETER C. WYLDE (Text Study)
KAWA ADA (ACTING)
After graduating from The Boston Conservatory, Kawa was cast on Broadway in Bombay Dreams. Since then, he’s played leading roles at Tarragon, Factory, the Belfry, Gateway, The Grand, Centaur, Cahoots, Canadian Stage, several seasons at The Shaw Festival and Soulpepper, for which his debut performance earned him a Dora Award. His recent screen credits include a recurring role in the CBC series Shoot the Messenger and The Breadwinner, which garnered an Oscar nomination this year for Best Animated Feature. Kawa has written The Death of Mrs. Gandhi and the Beginning of New Physics (Next Stage) and The Wanderers (Cahoots/Buddies), published by Playwrights Canada Press. He is playwright-in-residence at Tarragon.
LESLEY ANDREW (VOCAL MUSIC)
MMUS (Performance & Literature), HBA Music (Performance Voice), Diploma in Opera, Second Study – Fine Art. Lesley Andrew has made soloist appearances with many of Canada’s finest orchestras and choirs, including the Vancouver, Windsor, Kitchener-Waterloo, Kingston, Hamilton, Guelph symphony orchestras, Weston Silver Band, Toronto Concert Band, Kitchener-Waterloo Chamber Orchestra, Brott Summer Music Festival, Stratford Summer Music, and the Shenandoah Bach Festival (VA, USA). Ms. Andrew’s recordings have often been heard on CBC Radio. Known for her extraordinary vocal range and versatility in many genres of music, Ms. Andrew often ‘switches hats’, performing as the soprano soloist for one engagement and as the alto soloist for the next – from opera to show tunes, oratorio to jazz. Immediately following the completion of her undergraduate degree, Ms. Andrew began an extended tenure with the Stratford Festival, performing in productions including The Mikado, The Pirates of Penzance, Twelfth Night, Cyrano De Bergerac, Alice Through the Looking Glass, The Music Man and Patience. Other theatrical performances include Menotti’s ‘The Telephone’ and Hopkin’s ‘Three’s Company’ at the Guelph Spring Festival (featuring and directed by Ms. Andrew.) Most recently, Ms Andrew directed ‘La Boheme’ (Southern Ontario Lyric Opera), receiving rave reviews as “SOLO’s best production yet!” for her creative direction and use of space.
Ms. Andrew has completed a number of major concert and recital tours, including Argentina (2005) England/Austria/Germany (1989/1990 – Canadian Concert & Jazz Band), the 1999 World Tour aboard the QE II, two USA tours (2002/2003-California/Arizona/Florida/Texas) and a Canadian tour with The Lesley Andrew Trio (2004-Vancouver/Manitoba/Ontario). A recipient of many awards, including a Canadian Opera Company Scholarship, and the Maureen Forrester Guthrie Award (The Stratford Festival), Ms. Andrew now adjudicates and conducts masterclasses at festivals, universities and schools of music & drama around the world (voice – classical, Broadway and pop, choral music and speech arts classes.) Having moved from Stratford, Ontario (where she was twice nominated as ‘Citizen of the Year), Ms. Andrew now runs her thriving voice and drama studio - Dream in Progress Productions – in both London (where she now resides) and at the University of Windsor, where she currently teaches.
As a director, Ms. Andrew is much in demand in the genres of musical theatre and opera. Ms. Andrew’s intensive theatre and music program for youth, ‘Summer Glee’, is now in it’s twenty-fifth year, with more programs offered each summer in communities across Ontario, in order to accommodate growing enrollment. Ms. Andrew has made special guest television appearances on The Tonight Show, Oprah Winfrey, To Tell the Truth, Donny & Marie, The Comedy Network, YTV, Regis & Kathy Lee and many more. A popular motivational speaker, Ms. Andrew is engaged across Canada by Educators, Universities, Corporations, Service Clubs and Student Organizations. Ms. Andrew’s professional activities have included teaching and stage directing appointments at Wilfrid Laurier University (Opera), at the Universities of Windsor (Vocal Pedagogy, Studio Voice; Faculty of Music, and The Creative Process; School of Dramatic Arts) and Western Ontario (Studio Voice, Opera - director, Shakespearean drama). As a pedagogue, Ms. Andrew is very involved with the W Ross Macdonald School for the Visually Impaired in Brantford, Ontario, where she helps create and run arts programs for exceptional children. While maintaining a full teaching schedule in her private studios (London & Windsor) Ms. Andrew continues to work as a soloist, collaborative recital artist, stage director, adjudicator, and motivational speaker. Most recently, Ms Andrew performed the role of ‘Marcellina’ (Mozart’s ‘Le Nozze di Figaro’) and ‘Alice’ in ‘A … My Name Is Alice.’ Upcoming roles include the mother in Menotti’s ‘Amahl and the Night Visitors’ (Abridged Opera) and Mrs. McLean in Flyod’s Susannah (Pek Productions). Discography *‘Love … Look Away’ The Lesley Andrew Trio – A stylistic mixture of opera, jazz and musical theatre. *‘Dream A Little Dream’ - A collection of lullabies ranging in style from classical to jazz, contemporary to traditional. *‘Celebrating Rogers – Hammerstein & Hart’ with Lesley Andrew and Daniel Lichti – The music of Richard Rogers.
MICHAEL ARMSTRONG (SPEECH)
Michael began his career over 20 years ago attending George Brown Theatre School. Following that, he spent 10 years working extensively in theatre, film and television between Toronto, Vancouver, and Los Angeles. Returning to Toronto over 10 years ago now, he completed his MFA in acting at York University; and subsequently, the Graduate Voice Teaching Diploma, also at York. Since Graduating, Michael has taught voice, speech, dialects, and acting at a number of Toronto schools including: York U, Humber College, The Randolph School, Toronto Film School, The Baumander School, and The Canadian National Voice Intensive. He has also coached shows at Soulpepper, Tarragon, Alumnae Theatre, and The Classical Theatre Project. The bulk of Michael's work in recent years has been coaching voice, dialogue, and dialects on film and television sets. His recent credits include: Black Mirror, American Gothic, Recon, Killjoys, Assassin's Creed Syndicate, The Strain, The Listener, Lost Girl, Assassin's Creed Unity, Horizon, Bomb Girls, Warehouse 13, The Mortal Instruments, Silent Hill: Revelation, Covert Affairs, The Thing, and full seasons as staff coach on BBC America's period drama Copper, and Incorporated on Syfy. During this time, he has been lucky enough to work with a host of well-known actors including: Julia Ormond, Dennis Haysbert, Sean Teal, Sean Bean, Kit Harrington, Alfre Woodard, Donal Logue, Billy Baldwin, Joel Edgerton, Lee Tergesen, Robert Sheehan, and Piper Perabo.
STEWART ARNOTT (SCENE STUDY)
Stewart Arnott has been an actor and a director for almost 40 years. As a director, his credits include Risky Phil (YPT, 5 Dora Award nominations); Seminar (Royal MTC and Mirvish Productions); Title and Deed (Nightfall Theatrics/Tarragon Workspace); Tragedy: a tragedy (Summerworks 2014), Same Time, Next Year (Lighthouse Festival), The Importance of Being Earnest (U. Of Waterloo Drama), The Swearing Jar (Prairie Theatre Exchange), Tuesdays With Morrie (Campbell House Museum), Vincent River (Cart/Horse Theatre), Pobby and Dingan (YPT), The Piper and Unity (1918) (Ryerson Theatre School), and Amadeus and The Mystery of Irma Vep (Theatre Aquarius). As an actor, Stewart has been a company member over several seasons with the Stratford Festival, the Atlantic Theatre Festival and Autumn Angel/Necessary Angel Theatre Co. Lead roles in Hedda Noir (Theatre NorthWest), The Biographer (Videofag) and Our Town (Sudbury Theatre Centre) are recent stage appearances. Other credits include Hallaj, Waiting for Godot and Stories from the Rains of Love and Death for Soheil Parsa (Modern Times Theatre), and lady in the red dress (fu-GEN).
Recent film and TV projects include The Shape of Water, Designated Survivor, Murdoch Mysteries, Suits and Schitt's Creek. Stewart has had two Dora Mavor Moore award nominations and is a respected teacher and coach.
EVA BARRIE (SHAKESPEARE SCENE STUDY)
Eva Barrie is a Dora Award-winning theatre creator, who has had the pleasure of directing new play workshops at Factory Theatre and Tarragon Theatre, as well as leading innovative play development workshops through Nightwood Theatre and Shakespeare in the Ruff. Select Directing Credits: Portia's Julius Caesar (Shakespeare in the Ruff), My Second Smile (Toronto New Theatre/School Tour), Prairie Nurse (assistant to Sue Miner, Factory Theatre) My Co-Mates & Brothers in Exile (Shakespeare in the Ruff), The Merry Wives of Windsor (assistant to Kevin Hammond, Humber River Shakespeare), the dreamer examines his pillow (JR Theatre Co.), The Four of Us (Toronto New Theatre), Olga (New Voices Festival), The Biographer (assistant to Alan Dilworth, Tango Co.), A Midsummer Night’s Dream (Parikrma Humanity Foundation, Bangalore, India). She is a graduate of Ryerson Theatre School and has trained with Anne Bogart’s SITI Company in New York City and Saratoga Springs, NY.
RAOUL BHANEJA (SHAKESPEARE SCENE STUDY)
A Gemini, Dora and Canadian Comedy Award nominee, Raoul Bhaneja is a 1996 graduate of The National Theatre School of Canada. His relationship to Shakespeare began as a founding member of Company of Fools, a street theatre troupe that performed selected scenes from the cannon on the streets of his hometown, Ottawa. After graduating he began to develop his one man show Hamlet (solo), which he toured for ten years across Canada, to Assembly Rooms at The Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Off Broadway and at centres of acting study including The Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. He was a Christopher Plummer International Fellowship Award winner at Shakespeare's Globe Theatre in London in 2002 where he worked, under artistic director Mark Rylance. Professionally he has also appeared in productions of Macbeth, The Tempest, Hamlet, in over 100 different television and film projects and is a Maple Blues Award winning musician.
PIOTR R. BIERNAT (CONTACT IMPROVISATION, MOVEMENT)
Piotr R Biernat, originally from Poland, moved to Canada in 1996 after completing a MFA at the National Theatre School in Wroclaw. He continued to train in contemporary dance and choreography with Anna Wyman in Vancouver, Main Dance Studio and the School of Toronto Dance Theatre. He has had the privilege to dance with many great artists and dance companies including: CORPUS, Kaeja d'Dance, Mocean Dance, Peter Chin, Chimera Project, Danny Grossman, Kahawi Dance Theatre and Hit and Run Production.
He has presented his own choreographies, Past Perfect, To-get-Her, Black and White, Bodies and Motion, Wounded at various festivals and choreographed his Bravo! Fact Video, Acalanto. He is a senior faculty member at Toronto Film School where beside teaching since 2005 he have directed and coached plays: Don Juan in Chicago by David Ives and Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov. He currently shares his professional life between teaching in Canada and Poland where he focuses on his acting career for Film and Television
CINDY BLOCK (MOVEMENT)
holds an honorary BFA and an MFA in Acting, a Teaching Diploma from York University and a certificate to teach Embodied Practices®. She studied Acting at the Herbert Berghof Studio in New York and is a veteran actor of the Canadian stage, having played over 30 professional roles. Throughout her performance career, she has participated in the artistic development of several new Canadian works and was co-founder of P.I.E. Theatre in Vancouver. She is currently a core performer with Toronto Playback Theatre: an improvisational form developed to generate dialogue in community and encourage the recognition of shared experience through story telling. Her artistic research includes extensive study and application of the practice of Authentic Movement to writing, performance and collective creation for the stage, culminating in a Master’s Thesis. She has been a co-presenter of this research at the International Festival of Making Theatre in Athens, Greece, The Myth and Theatre Festival’s Summer University at the Roy Hart Centre in France, and at the Canadian Association for Theatre Research Conference. Over the past 15 years she has taught voice, movement, collective creation and Embodied Practice® at York University’s Theatre Department, the Humber College Comedy School, The Centre for Indigenous Theatre as well as privately with industry professionals. She is currently on Faculty at Canada’s National Voice Intensive, George Brown Theatre School, The University of Toronto and The Professional Actor’s Lab. Her Pedagogical interest is in the synthesis of voice and movement principles for performance and her recent work in the Butoh based production of Eunioa won two Dora Nominations.
MARK BROWNELL (THEATRE HISTORY, DRAMATIC LITERATURE, CREATIVE PROCESS)
A graduate of the National Theatre School of Canada (1983), Mark is an award winning Canadian playwright and librettist, former Councillor at Canadian Actors Equity Association, and current co-artistic director of the Pea Green Theatre Group with his wife and partner Sue Miner. Nominated for a Governor General's Literary Award for his play Monsieur d'Eon. He received a Best New Musical Dora Mavor Moore Award for his libretto Iron Road and a Best New Play Dora Mavor Moore Award Nomination for Medici Slot Machine and The Martha Stewart Projects. He is also the recipient of the Harold Indie Theatre Award and Maxim Mazumdar New Play Award. In 2011 Scirocco Drama published his "Break a Leg! An Actor's Guide to Theatrical Practices, Phrases and Superstitions". Other published work includes Medici Slot Machine (Scirocco), High Sticking (Scirocco) and Monsieur d’Eon (Playwrights Canada Press). Other stage work includes Clique Claque, Three Men in a Boat (adaptation), Harmonious Interest, The Schoolyard Carmen, The Barbecue King, The Martha Stewart Projects, Playballs, High Sticking – Three Period Plays, The Chevalier St. George, The Storyteller’s Bag and The Weaving Maiden.
LEAH CHERNIAK (CLOWN)
Leah is a Resident Artist at Soulpepper and the Associate Director of The Soulpepper Academy. She is the Co-Founder with Martha Ross of Theatre Columbus in Toronto(now Common Boots Theatre) where she created over 30 new plays and which has an excellent reputation for innovative productions of classics. For Theatre Columbus she directed and co-created most of the company's repertoire, including: The Anger in Ernest and Ernestine, Gynty (an adaptation of Peer Gynt), Twelfth Night, The Betrayal, Hotel Loopy, Dance of the Red Skirts, And Up They Flew (by Martha Ross) and many more. She created and performed the role of Jelly in The Attic, the Pearls and 3 Fine Girls. Other directing highlights include: Nativity, by Peter Anderson, Happy Days by Samuel Beckett, The Little Years by John Mighton at The National Arts Centre, Ottawa; The Book of Esther and Schoolhouse, by Leanna Brodie and Having Hope at Home by David Craig at The Blyth Festival; Past Perfect by Michel Tremblay, Rune Arlidge by Michael Healey and John and Beatrice by Carole Flechette at Tarragon Theatre; Six Essential Questions by Priscila Uppal at Factory Theatre; The Miracle Worker at The Lorraine Kimsa Theatre and I Claudia by Kristen Thompson at The Segal Centre in Montreal among others. Most recently she directed The Anger in Ernest and Ernestine at Soulpepper, and performed in The Dybbuk, adapted by Anton Piatagorsky at Soulpepper. Leah teaches an intensive clown course for the Ryerson Theatre Program. She also teaches Directing at University of Toronto.
ALEX DAULT (SELF-PRODUCING)
Alex is a producer, playwright and director passionate about creating opportunities for emerging artists and the development of new work. He is currently the Artistic Director of Theatre by the Bay in Barrie, Ontario and a member of Single Thread Theatre Company and safeword theatre. Recent plays include Northern Lights (2018), The Five Points (2017), Turkey Shoot (2016), Firebrand (2014) He is also an instructor with the Performing Arts program at Centennial College. Alex studied at George Brown Theatre School, Queen's University and at École Philippe Gaulier.
SUSAN FERLEY (GUEST DIRECTOR)
Susan trained as an actor at the University of Alberta Drama Department; and as a director through apprenticeships at the Playhouse Theatre Centre of British Columbia and the Stratford Shakespeare Festival (Canada) with inspiring directors Christopher Newton, Phillip Headley and David William. Recently Susan returned from England and an invigorating year studying Actor Training and Coaching at Royal Central School of Speech and Drama. She served as Artistic Director at Globe Theatre (Regina 1990-98) and Grand Theatre (London, Canada 2001-20016). The Boy Friend at St. Clair College, Music Theatre Performance was her most recent directing project. Other recent projects include placements as Assistant Director Stage Door (Royal Central School of Speech and Drama) and Pippin (Mountview Academy).
Memorable directing projects include: An Ideal Husband (Watermark Theatre), Intimate Apparel, Other Desert Cities, Pride and Prejudice, Elf, Wizard of Oz, Macbeth (Grand Theatre), My Fair Lady (Drayton Entertainment), A Woman of No Importance (Shaw Festival), Stone Angel (Alberta Theatre Projects), The Importance of Being Earnest, Romeo and Juliet, Dancing in Poppies, Misalliance, Twelfth Night (Globe Theatre). Susan also directed a range of productions for Grand Theatre’s High School Project including: Les Misérables, Hello Dolly, West Side Story, Legally Blonde, My Fair Lady, Pirates of Penzance, Twelfth Night, Romeo and Juliet and Fiddler on the Roof. She has directed/taught in actor training programs across the country – University of Alberta, National Theatre School, Banff Centre School of Fine Arts, Studio 58 (Vancouver) and University of Regina.
SHARRY FLETT (MONOLOGUE)
recently appeared at the Shaw Festival in Me And My Girl, and 1837 The Farmer’s Revolt. As a member of the Shaw Festivalfor twenty eight seasons, she has appeared in over 56 productions including Our Town, Uncle Vanya, The Philadelphia Story, Enchanted April, A Man and Some Women, Come Back Little Sheba, My Fair Lady, Maria Severa, Age of Arousal, The Women, Sunday in the Park with George, A Month in the Country, Summer and Smoke, The Magic Fire, The Autumn Garden, Major Barbara, Man and Superman, Floyd Collins, Blood Relations, His Majesty, Six Characters in Search of an Author, A Woman of No Importance, Getting Married, Rebecca, Joy, The Seagull, The Secret Life, The Hollow, Cavalcade, Busman's Honeymoon, Eden End, The Silver King, Lulu, Hedda Gabler, Misalliance, Berkeley Square, Dangerous Corner, Once in a Lifetime, and War and Peace. Ms. Flett earned two music degrees from McGill University before studying theatre at the Webber-Douglas Academy in London, England. She began her career in musical theatre at Charlottetown. In 1981 she played Kate to Len Cariou`s Petruchio in The Taming of the Shrew at the Stratford Festival. She appeared at Stratford for three seasons in She Stoops to Conquer, The Misanthrope, The Tempest, and Translations. She also appeared in Company at Canadian Stage; as Nora in A Doll’s House at Theatre London, Blanche Dubois in A Streetcar Named Desire, and The Pitman Painters for Theatre Aquarius. She served as Assistant Director on the Canadian Stage production of Passion. Ms. Flett`s television work has been recognized with Best Actress Gemini nomination for War Brides and a Best Supporting Actress Gemini nomination for The Suicide Murders. Her television and film credits include the starring role in 35 episodes of Full House with Sharry Flett for TVO, as well as appearances on CBC Sunday Arts, Eleventh Hour, Forever Knight, Street Legal, Secret Service, Top Cops, Jane of Lantern Hill, and Shades of Black. She has taught at the National Theatre School, and various universities, including Toronto, Queen’s, Dalhousie, and Brock.
SIMON FON (STAGE COMBAT)
With over 600 professional credits stretching from Broadway to Stratford to Yellowknife, Simon specializes in all areas: Weaponry, Aerial Flying, Unarmed Combat (Eastern and Western). Fight Master with FDC. Executive Director and Founder of RIOT A.C.T. earning 17 nominations and 8 awards, including Simon for Male Action Performer of the Year 2009 AOF Festival – California.
www.simonfon.com and www.riotact.ca
LESLIE FRENCH (VOCAL MASQUE)
is an internationally recognized movement teacher and coach. She has taught at the College for over 30 years. As well as teaching at George Brown, Leslie has worked at the Stratford Festival as a movement coach for 5 seasons with the Company and previously taught for 8 years in the Birmingham Conservatory for Classical Theatre Training. Until recently Leslie taught in the evenings at her own school The Centre of Movement where she originally studied. After five years of intensive study in body wisdom, modern dance, mime, improvisation and composition with Til Thiele, former master teacher and principal of the Mary Wigman School in Berlin, Til passed on The Centre of Movement to Leslie. Working with the question 'what is important for an actor' she began to develop her own innovative and personal approach to teaching the actor process in movement terms. She is one of the first people in Canada to teach movement specifically for the actor. As well as George Brown, Leslie has taught at the Maggie Basset Studio, Ryerson's Act Two Studio, Theatre Ontario's Summer Intensive, Harbourfront, OISE, Charlottetown Festival Young People's Company and many other places. Since studying with Til Thiele, she has developed her work further through her studies in Sensory Awareness with Charlotte Selver, Authentic Movement with Judith Koltai and Janet Adler, Syntonics with Judith Koltai, and Craniosacral Therapy with the Upledger Foundation. Presently Leslie is participating as a supporting member in a Masterclass of Embodied Practice TM with Judith Koltai. As well, she is a founding member of a recent movement research project called The Cassandra Project. Leslie is the only person in Canada certified by Charlotte Selver to teach the practice of Sensory Awareness. Recently Leslie worked on the film Maudie as a movement coach for Sally Hawkins. As well as teaching classes and workshops, Leslie gives private movement sessions in Toronto.
RICHARD GREENBLATT (GUEST DIRECTOR)
Richard Greenblatt is an actor, director, writer, and musician who has been a professional theatre artist for the last 43 years. He was born in Montréal and received his acting training at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, England. Since graduating, he has performed in theatres across Canada and abroad, as well as in feature films, television and radio. He has directed well over 130 productions for theatres across the country, the vast majority being original and/or Canadian works. As a writer, he wrote or co-wrote: 2 Pianos 4 Hands, Sibs (also made into a TV movie for the CBC), The Theory of Relatives, i.d., Letters from Lehrer, and Care amongst others. He has taught acting, directing and play creation at most of the major theatre training institutions in Canada, including the National Theatre School, Ryerson University, University of Alberta, and Humber College, and has directed the premieres of many groundbreaking plays for young audiences. Recently, he acted in Stupid Fucking Bird, The Jewish Radio Hour, and most recently I Call Myself Princess, all in Toronto. Upcoming, he is co-writing and performing with David S. Craig in Athabasca, which deals withclimate change and the nature of protest in this country, and in the new year he will be directing Hook Up, a new opera about rape culture and sexual consent at Canadian universities for Tapestry Opera, and presented at Theatre Passe Muraille. He has won numerous Dora and Chalmers awards, and lives in Toronto.
VICTORIA HEART (THE ALEXANDER TECHNIQUE)
is a graduate of the Toronto School of the Alexander Technique and has been teaching since 1995. Having just finished her sixteenth season with the Shaw Festival, Ms. Heart finds supporting the creative process particularly rewarding. She has taught master classes with Music Niagara's Youth Camp, did Alexander coaching for the Toronto production of The Lion King, as well as working individually with some members of the Toronto Symphony and the Canadian Opera Company Orchestra. Ms. Heart makes her home in Toronto, where she also maintains a private practice. Selected Credits for the Shaw Festival: 2018/ The Magician’s Nephew, The Orchard, Grand Hotel; 2017/ St. Joan, An Octoroon, Dancing at Lughnasa; 2016/ Alice, Our Town, Sweeney Todd; 2015/ Sweet Charity, You Never Can Tell; 2014/ Cabaret, The Sea; 2013/ Major Barbara, Faith Healer; 2012/ Ragtime, Helen’s Necklace; 2011/ The Admirable Crichton, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof; 2009/ Sunday in the Park with George; 2008/ A Little Night Music; 2007/ Hotel Peccadillo; 2006/ Magic Fire, The Crucible; 2004/ Floyd Collins
VRENIA IVONOFFSKI (MASK, COMMEDIA DELL' ARTE)
Vrenia Ivonoffski studied acting at the Ecole Jacques Lecoq in Paris, mask with Phillip Gaulier, and directing at Ryerson Theatre School. She has taught at George Brown Theatre School since 1987, Mime and Mask at Ryerson Theatre School and physical theatre workshops at the Centre of Movement, C.O.D.E. conferences and University of Guelph. She has been Artistic Director of the Yellow Bench Theatre Company, Assistant Director at Gryphon Theatre and YPT, Associate Director of the Young Company at the Blyth Festival, and has directed for the Huron Country Playhouse, Hole-in-the-Wall Theatre, Cabbagetown Theatre, Black-White-and-Yiddish Project at the Ford Centre and Act II Studio, of which she has been Artistic Director since 1990. Her play, Leacock Live!, an adaptation of Stephen Leacock’s work, was awarded Patrons’ Pick at the 2010 Toronto Fringe Festival. She was dramaturge and director of Beyond the Pail, a mask show at the 2011 Calgary Fringe. Ivonoffski is also Artistic Director of Research Based Theatre, a company which translates psychosocial research into theatrical form. Among her research-based plays are three Canada-U.S. touring shows with the Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, a show on aging with the Ontario Coalition of Senior Citizens Organizations, and a play for the Aboriginal Health Centre in Hamilton. Her latest research-based play, No Longer Relevant? on ageism is currently being performed throughout Canada and the US. Ms. Ivonoffski was president of the Toronto Association of Acting Studios from 2006-09 and has been distinguished as an honorary member of the Arts and Letters Club. She was awarded the 2014 Maggie Bassett Prize by Theatre Ontario.
MARCIA JOHNSON (STORYTELLING)
Marcia Johnson branched out from acting into writing with the help of play festivals: You Look Great Too (Rhubarb!/Buddies in Bad Times Theatre - 1995) and Perfect on Paper (Toronto Fringe - 2001). Perfect on Paper was commissioned by CBC Radio where Marcia was also commissioned to write four original radio dramas including Say Ginger Ale which she later adapted for theatre (SummerWorks – 2010). Binti’s Journey (based on ‘The Heaven Shop’/ Deborah Ellis) was commissioned by Theatre Direct Canada and has had several touring and theatre productions since 2008 (Black Theatre Workshop, Young Peoples Theatre and Manitoba Theatre for Young People). Binti’s Journey is published in the collection Things That Go Bump, Volume 1: Plays for Young Adults, Signature Editions. Courting Johanna (adapted from Alice Munro’s ‘Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage’) was commissioned and produced at Blyth Festival and had a second production at University of Lethbridge. It is available in print from Scirocco Drama. Marcia’s one act play, Late, had its debut at Obsidian Theatre Company. Her first opera collaboration was with composer Stephen A. Taylor My Mother’s Ring. It premiered in March 2009 as part of Tapestry New Opera’s Opera to Go program and was subsequently nominated for a Dora Mavor Moore award for Outstanding New Musical/Opera. Marcia and Stephen’s second collaboration, an adaptation of Paradises Lost by Ursula K. Le Guin, had its debut at the Krannert Center, University of Illinois. Other accomplishments include serving as Ontario Arts Council Playwright in Residence for Roseneath Theatre and Blyth Festival Theatre as well as being in playwright development groups with Obsidian Theatre Company, Theatre Passe Muraille and Tapestry New Opera (Composer-Librettist Laboratory) to name a few. She is also one of the curators of Toronto Cold Read Series, a weekly gathering which brings actors and writers together to read from new works. Marcia taught an introduction to playwriting course for twelve years in the musical theatre department at Sheridan College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning and is the Vice President of Women Playwrights International. Still an actor, Marcia most recently appeared on stage in The New Canadian Curling Club and 1837: The Farmers’ Revolt (Blyth Festival) and on TV in Disney’s The Swap and Amazon’s American Gods.
DEBORA JOY (VOICE)
A veteran professional actor, singer, and director, Debora has taught voice and text in the George Brown Theatre School since 1998. She holds a voice performance degree (BMus) from the University of Toronto and a Masters in Fine Arts in Directing (MFA) from York University. She studied extensively with master voice teacher, David Smukler, and master singing teachers, Richard Armstrong, Patricia Kern, and Mary Morrison, and attended both the National Voice Intensive, as well as Shakespeare and Company in Lennox, Massachusetts, where she studied with Kristin Linklater, the ground breaking author of Freeing the Natural Voice. Debora headed the voice department in the School of Dramatic Art at the University of Windsor, and taught voice for actors at York University, the University of Windsor, and Erindale College (Uof T). She taught singing in the undergrad and graduate theatre programs at York University and in the Musical Theatre Department at Sheridan College. She also teaches voice, singing, and audition preparation in her private studio.
A Tyrone Guthrie award winner, Debora spent five seasons performing at the Stratford Festival and toured with the company to Broadway and the Old Vic in London, England. She also directed and acted in many productions at regional and summer theatre festivals. Equally at home in plays, musicals and contemporary opera, her favourite professional credits include the title role of Evita, Emily Dickinson in the one-woman play,The Belle of Amherst, Aggie Rose in the Canadian opera The Boiler Room Suite, Cecily Pidgeon in The Odd Couple(directed by Martha Henry) and Portia (understudy) in Julius Caesar (directed by the late Richard Monette at Stratford). Debora has coached the Soulpepper Academy Artists and has taught voice workshops for the Tom Todoroff Acting Studio; she worked with Elevated Grounds, coaching at-risk youth, and with Workman Arts, a not-for-profit arts company working in partnership with the Centre of Addiction and Mental Health. Debora was the vocal coach for Pamela SInha in Crash, Pamela’s one-woman show that won a Dora Award and played in New York as part of Soulpepper’s New York repertory in 2017. Debora has also coached several iterations of the youth-driven sex education show, SExT, including its Fringe Festival, Summerworks runs as well as its spring 2017 residency at the Factory Theatre and 2018 national tours. Debora continues to explore current practices; she regularly attends the Voice Teachers’ Conferences at the Stratford Festival and she is presently taking a yearlong Kundalini Yoga teachers’ training in Toronto. This summer, Debora coached on the TV series, Star Trek: Discovery, and continued her collaborations with SExt, Shakespearience, Improv Your Acting, and Tom Todoroff. Debora applauds and continues to be inspired by the past, present and future graduates of George Brown Theatre School!
ESTHER JUN (PERIOD STUDY)
Esther is the former Assistant Artistic Director at Tarragon and the Co-Artistic Director & Co-Founder of Directors Lab North. Esther originally trained as an actor in NYC and then completed her directing degree at Drama Centre London in 2006. Esther was part of the 2016 Michael Langham Workshop for Classical Direction at The Stratford Festival, and was the 2015 Neil Munro Intern Director at the Shaw Festival. Selected Credits: Theory (Tarragon); The Private Life Cabaret (Theatre ARTaud); Girls Like That (Tarragon); Amadeus (Talk is Free); The Last Wife (The Belfry, GCTC); Tales from Folks-Laos & Mongolia (Soulpepper); Rococo (Shaw Festival); And Now, The End (Ante Up); Bremen Rock City (Song Trolley); Cowboy Mouth (Heart In Hand); Yellow Face (Hart House), Trout Stanley (Heart in Hand), Fear & Misery of the Third Reich (DeusXM), First Hand Woman (Fire Up Productions). Co-director: Hiding Words (Eventual Ashes), Strange Mary Strange (Theatre on the Verge).
JEANNETTE LAMBERMONT-MOREY (MONOLOGUE, PERIOD STUDY)
Jeannette Lambermont-Morey has directed major productions in major theatres across Canada and the United States, from the Stratford Festival, to the Virginia Stage Company; including such theatres as The Citadel (Edmonton), The Great Canadian Theatre Company (Ottawa), Atlantic Theatre Festival (Nova Scotia), Manitoba Theatre Centre (Winnipeg), Theatre Aquarius (Hamilton) the Thousand Islands Playhouse (Gananoque), Talk is Free Theatre (Barrie), the New World Theatre Project (St. John’s, NFLD) and Huron Country Playhouse (Grand Bend); and Toronto theatres, Factory Theatre, Canadian Stage, Harbourfront Centre, and The Toronto International Fringe Festival, etc. Jeannette directed the World Leaders Tributes to Harold Pinter and Robert Rauschenberg as part of the internationally acclaimed Series produced by Harbourfront at the Liberty Grand in the fall of 2001. That year also marked her 8th season with the Stratford Festival in Ontario, where she directed Henry V. Other significant Stratford Festival productions include As You Like It (2000), Pride and Prejudice (1999) and The Miracle Worker (1998). In earlier years at the Festival she directed Titus Andronicus, The Grand Inquisitor and Swan Song (1989 and 1990), as well as serving as collaborating director on The Comedy of Errors and The Relapse (1989) and assisting Richard Monette on The Taming of the Shrew (1988) and John Neville on Othello (1987). Her hit production of The Syringa Tree (The Citadel) won a Sterling Award for Liisa Repo-Martell; and her productions of Twelfth Night in High Park (Canadian Stage) and Digging For Fire (Paramour Productions) were both nominated for a Dora Mavor Moore awards for Outstanding Production. Favourite projects have included The Tempest and The Merchant of Venice for the New World Theatre Project in St. John’s, Newfoundland, As You Like It for BlueBridge Rep Theatre in Victoria, Private Lives at the Atlantic Theatre Festival, The Beauty Queen of Leenane at the Virginia Stage Company with Eileen Brennan, and also at the Manitoba Theatre Centre with Rosemary Dunsmore, Doc (Great Canadian Theatre Co., Ottawa), Moving Day by Cathy Elliott (TIFT), and A Midsummer Night's Dream (Juilliard School , N.Y.), to name only a few. She also produced and directed the CBC's live show Get Set for Life for a cross-Canada tour and the Milk International Children's Festival of the Arts at Harbourfront. Jeannette works extensively in college and university theatre programs as a director and instructor. Among them are George Brown College, Grenfell College, York University, the Juilliard School (NY), the University of Alberta, Ryerson University, Dartmouth College (NH), and the University of Victoria. At George Brown College Jeannette has directed Mary Stuart, War and Peace, The Beau Stratagem, Lion in the Streets, Rites, Wild Honey and Bon Ton & The Lying Valet. In addition Jeannette has helmed the Annual Period Study exercise for over ten years. Jeannette is passionately devoted to the development and dramaturgy of new work, and is currently working with several George Brown graduates on various projects. In the summer of 2016 she directed her musical version of Faust (music by Leslie Arden) for Theatre By the Bay in Barrie, produced by GB grad, Alex Dault. And recently directed The Libertine, starring GB grad Jakob Ehman, for Talk is Free Theatre. Her production of My Child (Haus of Casati Collective, founded by GB grads Gabriella Colavecchio and Scott Farley) won the 2016 My Theatre Award for Outstanding Production in the small theatre category. Most recent credits include: In 2017: A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Mary’s Wedding, Festival Players, Prince Edward County; Harvest Moon Rising, Women of Musical Theatre Festival, Toronto; Memorial University, two acting master classes and Hamlet. In 2018: York University, Year 3 Acting; Pygmalion, Guild Festival Theatre. Jeannette was Artistic Director of the New World Theatre Project in Newfoundland in 2012/13 and 2015 directed Much Ado About Nothing for them under their new name, Perchance Theatre. She was also Executive Director of the Shakespeare Globe Centre of Canada from 2000 to 2015. Jeannette lives in Toronto with her husband, fiction writer and computer special effects compositor Mike Morey, and their daughter, musician, Micaela.
KENNEDY C. MacKINNON (SHAKESPEARE)
Kennedy MacKinnon holds a MFA in Acting, a Diploma in Voice Teacher Training (York University) and a BFA in Acting (University of Windsor). Also known as Cathy, she is the founder and Artistic Director of Shakespeare Link Canada. With SLC Kennedy has spent the last ten years working in Mozambique where she co-created/co-directed A Winter's Tale, Romeo and Juliet, Medida Por Medida, A Tempestade, and Sonho Noctourno. She is working toward the creation of an Arts Centre in Quelimane, Mozambique. She co-adapted/co-directed Death of a Chief for Native Earth Performing Arts at the NAC/Buddies in Bad Times and directed Saltwater Moon for GB alum Nathan Carroll. She coached on the innovative, inaugural Groundling Theatre production of A Winter's Tale. She spent ten years as Head of Voice at Humber College. She is currently in her eleventh season as a Voice and Text Coach at the Stratford Festival of Canada where she also spends time working with the Birmingham Conservatory for Classical Theatre Training and the Education department. In Denver, Colorado, Kennedy interned as assistant to Gary Logan (Head of Voice and Speech) at the Denver Center for the Performing Arts/National Theater Conservatory. She has coached, taught and given workshops in a variety of places including Wales, Broadway, Shakespeare Chicago Theater, Saskatoon, Theatre New Brunswick, Native Earth Performing Arts, Ryerson (Act II), Equity Showcase Theatre, University of Windsor, York University, Indigenous Theatre School, Randolph School for the Performing Arts, Young People's Theatre and the National Voice Intensive. By either name, she is, as always, privileged to be here.
ROBERT McCOLLUM (DANCE)
)Robert started his career in New York City as a scholarship student at the Joffrey Ballet and as an artist-in-residence at St. John Divine Cathedral with the Omega Dance Company. In 1978 Robert came to Toronto to dance with Ballet Ys and toured Canada, which he loved, and has been based here ever since. As a choreographer, his work has been seen across Canada with Ballet Ys, Danseast, Sharon, Lois and Bram, and Dance Nova Scotia. As well, he has choreographed for the theatre including the productions Monsieur D’eon is a Woman (Pea Green Productions), Maestro Orpheus (Centre in the Square in Kitchener), Love’s Labour’s Lost (Resurgence Theatre), and five shows for Soulpepper Theatre – Ring Round the Moon, Travesties, Waiting for the Parade, White Biting Dog, and You Can’t Take It With You. As the Dance Teacher and Resident Choreographer for George Brown Theatre for 25 years, he has created dances for many productions including some memorable shows such as Sunday in the Park With George, The Threepenny Opera, Pride and Prejudice, War and Peace, and The Baker’s Wife. In addition to teaching at George Brown Theatre School, Robert is the Adult Ballet Program Director at Canada’s National Ballet School. A special thanks to Jimmy Simon for keeping the program vibrant and exciting with genuine human touch.
ALLYSON McMACKON (GUEST DIRECTOR)
Allyson is a Dora-nominated director who has been working in the Toronto's theatre community for 25 years. She is the artistic director and founder of Theatre Rusticle whose work has been hailed as "the most imaginative in Canada"(the Globe and Mail) and recently mounted the acclaimed Our Town at Buddies in Bad Times in 2017. Theatre Rusticle has toured to the Magnetic North Theatre Festival, SuperNova (Halifax) and throughout BC. Allyson received a Harold Award in 2008 and was three-times nominated for the KM Hunter Artists Award. Theatre Rusticle has received 12 Dora Mavor Moore Award Nominations and has been creating original work since 1998. Allyson has been on faculty at York University for nine years teaching movement in the MFA programme, BFA Acting Conservatory and Devising/Physical Theatre and teaches regularly at the Globe Theatre Conservatory (Regina).She has taught at the University of Toronto, The Centre for Indigenous Theatre and masterclasses at Director's Lab North and Factory Theatre Foreman Series. Other selected directing and coaching includes: Trudeau Stories (Theatre Passe Muraille, Neptune, National Arts Centre, Centaur, Thousand Islands), Farther West (Soulpepper/Diana Leblanc), If We Were Birds (Tarragon Theatre/Alan Dilworth). She has mentored at Buddies in Bad Time's Young Creators Unit, The Paprika Festival, and George Brown Theatre School where she directed Anna Karenina in 2015. Allyson has an MFA in Theatre Performance from york University and a BA in Drama and English from the University of Toronto. https://theatrerusticlewordpresscom.wordpress.com
SUE MINER (COORDINATOR, DIRECTOR)
Since graduating from the National Theatre School's Acting section in 1983 Sue Miner has been working extensively in many aspects of theatre across Canada. As well as having acted, directed, produced, written she has also been a designer of costumes, sets and sound. She is versed in new works, classical text, music theatre, puppetry and opera. She has been an instructor and guest director at George Brown since 1995 and has been the Program Coordinator since the spring of 2017. Sue is co-artistic director of Pea Green Theatre Group with her husband Mark Brownell. In 2010 both Sue and Mark received a Harold Award for "Outstanding Contribution to the Toronto Performing Arts Scene." Along with many Dora nominations for her direction, Sue made the long list for the Siminovitch Prize for directing in 2007, been thrice nominated for the Pauline McGibbon Award and has been twice touted as one of Toronto's Top-10 theatre artists by NOW Magazine.
ALISTAIR NEWTON (GUEST DIRECTOR)
Alistair Newton is a director of theatre and opera, Dora Award nominated playwright, and founding Artistic Director of Ecce Homo Theatre. Selected credits include: Love and Information (Canadian Stage, co-directed with Tanja Jacobs), King Lear (Canadian Stage), Three Short Plays by Samuel Beckett (Shaw Festival Directors’ Project); Of a Monstrous Child: a gaga musical (Ecce Homo/Buddies in Bad Times Theatre, writer/director); Bella: The Colour of Love
(World Premiere at the Philadelphia Theater Company/Philadelphia International Festival of the
Arts); La Serva Padrona (Canadian Opera Company Ensemble Studio); and multiple projects
for the SummerWorks Performance Festival. Alistair is a member of the Directors’ Lab of Lincoln
Centre Theater, and an alumni of Canadian Stage and York University’s joint MFA program in
stage direction. www.eccehomotheatre.com
SOHEIL PARSA (TEST PIECE)
Soheil Parsa is an award-winning director, writer, dramaturg, choreographer and teacher, whose professional theatre career spans thirty years and two continents. In his native Iran, Soheil completed studies in Theatre Performance at the University of Tehran and began a promising career as an actor and director. Arriving in Canada with his family in 1984, Soheil completed a second Bachelor of Arts in Theatre Studies at York University and then went on to establish Modern Times Stage Company, one of the most innovating theatre companies in Canada. In 1995 Soheil received a New Pioneers Award by Skills for Change for Outstanding Contribution to the Arts by a recent immigrant to Canada. Soheil’s own work at Modern Times has been recognized with six Dora Mavor Moore Awards, a Chalmers Fellowship in 2002, a senior artist creation grant from the Canada Council, as well as a number of international prizes and master class requests. In 2007 and 2010 he was short-listed for the Siminovitch Prize in Theatre Celebrating Directors, the highest honour in Canadian theatre. In 2013, Soheil was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal for his contribution as a theatre artist to Canadian society. In 2015, he was named as the best director at the Toronto Theatre Critics awards.
GEOFF POUNSETT (SPEECH, GUEST DIRECTOR)
A twenty-year veteran of the Canadian theatre, Geoffrey is a Toronto-based actor, director and educator, and a graduate of George Brown. He has performed in theatres across the country, been a company member with the Stratford, Charlottetown and PlayRites Festivals, and been in several productions for Canadian Stage, Factory and Tarragon Theatres in Toronto. In 2017, he returned to Scotland to perform and tour with the renowned Poorboy Theatre. As a director, his work includes the original production of two Governor-General’s Award nominees, Kate Hewlett’s The Swearing Jar and Brendan Gall’s A Quiet Place, which also garnered Geoffrey a Dora Award nomination – one of five received by that production. In 2017 he directed the acclaimed premiere of Matt Gorman’s Western as well as As You Like It for the GBTS graduating class. Along with Brendan Gall and Christopher Stanton, Geoffrey is the co-founder of the Toronto performance company The Room, for whom he directed three parts of the epic seven-stage cycle Red Machine as well as the world premiere of Neil Wechsler’s award-winning The Brown Bull of Cuilange.
DAVID REALE (ACTING)
David Reale is a Toronto born actor working in film, television and theatre. Recently he starred as the title character in My Name is Asher Lev (The Segal Centre/The Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre co-production). Other theatre credits include ‘Nick’ in The Great Gatsby (Lower Ossington Theatre) and ‘Simon Rifkind’ in Mirvish Productions’ Ghost Stories. He co-produced and starred in Pvt. Wars and George Bernard Shaw's The Fatal Gazogene with indie theatre stalwarts The Red One Theatre Collective. Reale starred in the critically acclaimed film BANG BANG BABY, which won Best First Feature at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. He is featured in Aaron Sorkins’ directorial debut Molly’s Game and the film GEORGETOWN,directed by and starring Academy Award winner Christoph Waltz. Some of David’s television credits include recurring as Benjamin “The I.T Guy” on SUITS (USA), and guest appearances in PRIVATE EYES (Global) and The Boys (Amazon). Reale plays Charlie Cole in the Ubisoft video game franchise Tom Clancy’s Splinter Cell: Blacklist. As a teacher, David leads classes based in the Meisner technique at the studio of his teacher and mentor John Riven and at George Brown College in the Acting for Media program.
ED SAHELY (GROUP IMPROVISATION)
Ed Sahely's been a working actor for over thirty years. Ed worked with the renowned SECOND CITY as an improviser/writer for seven years. His cast received a Dora Mavor Moore Award for their work on the Toronto Main-stage. He co-created the troupe Not To Be Repeated which improvised a new Canadian play every night and first ran at the Tarragon Theatre then was picked up by CTV and The Comedy Channel and renamed This Sitcom Is Not To Be Repeated. Along with performing Ed has been teaching Improv to the first year George Brown theatre students for about 20 years. Ed teaches Improv for the George Brown ACTING FOR MEDIA program as well as THE SECOND CITY TRAINING CENTRE. Additional past teaching credits include: the Sheraton/UTM, guest artist for the George Brown Gaming Design, The Charlottetown Festival's Young Company, frequent guest artist acting coach/director for Cawthra Park High School for the Arts in Mississauga, Theatre Aquarius Summer Theatre Camp, St. Lawrence College. As an actor Ed has many credits for television, film, theatre and voice work and continues to work as an actor, a writer, a director of theatre and dramaturge for new works. Theatre credits include:Outrageous, Dishwashers, Last Resort, Funny Thing Happened On The Way To The Forum,Sexy Laundry, Henry and Alice, Weekend Comedy, Annie, Lend Me A Tenor, Chicago (nominated for a Calgary Critics Choice award for Amos Hart), Fiddler On The Roof and Lend Me A Tenor. Film/television credits include: Canadian Bacon, Three to Tango, Glitter. Robocop, Getting Along Famously, Sue Thomas: F.B.Eye, Road to Avonlea, Traders, Due South, Red Green, Doc, Monk, Kojak, Dan For Mayor, Skins, Murdock Mysteries, Designated Survivor.
TARA SAMUEL (TV ACTING)
Tara Samuel: actor, writer, producer, filmmaker, mother of two magnificent small people. Born in Taiwan and raised in downtown Toronto; classically-trained at the renowned George Brown theatre school. Most recently, a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Actress for her role ”Vangeline Neddeau” in the critically-celebrated CBC original digital series, The Neddeaus of Duqesne Island, cbc.ca Most widely known for her television role "Tara Williams" in SueThomas: F.B.Eye, which continues to air around the world. Other television credits: Fully Dilated, The Mindy Project, The Division, Beachwood Charter, Singled Out, The Bold & The Beautiful, Twice In A Lifetime, Killer Deal. Film credits: ”Rose” in the multiple award-winning feature film Wild Prairie Rose, also lead roles in Stand The Gaff, Tiger Orange, Way Down In Chinatown, Hunt the Maguffin, The Interview, The Rwanda Blend, Tanya & Gary, Prairie Sonata, The Drain, The Third Eye, and “Ruby” in RUBY BOOBY. As filmmaker , Tara is the writer, director, producer, star of FIND, which was Nominated Best Narrative Short at the Oscar-qualifying Austin Film Festival. As producer-actor: Ruby Booby, dir. Jon Rannells, The Rwanda Blend, dir. Samuel Zvibleman, and Prairie Sonata, dir. Deborah LaVine. Tara is also co-creator/ executive producer with Zvibleman, of the television series KAREN OF GOD starring Tara, as “Karen”.
Tara is co-founder of the notorious Los Angeles indie film collective www.wemakemovies.org. As story-consultant, Tara is CEO of www.scriptkicker.com and is published in Movie MakerMagazine online. As producer & musician, Tara is co-creator of BE WHO YOU ARE, character-building music and education for kids. In 2014, Tara was honored at the LA BusinessJournal's Women Making A Difference Symposium & Awards for her notable work in the Los Angeles filmmaking community.
ROSANNA SARACINO (FUNDAMENTALS OF ACTING)
is an Italian-Canadian director, dramaturge, and educator. She was Director in Residence at the Canadian Stage in 2015/2016, is the Head of the Acting Division at the Randolph Academy for the Performing Arts, and is the Artistic Director of the soon to be launched Recollection Theatre. She has directed upward of 70 productions for the stage, and has co-produced, written and directed in film and television. Her freelance work has extended to companies such as The Canadian Opera Company, The Classical Music Conservatory, The PowerPlant, and One Yellow Rabbit. As an educator Saracino has taught at York University (Creative Ensemble, Acting Division), RAPA (Acting Division), Fanshawe College (Auditions/Actor Prep), and has taught workshops across Ontario. Directing credits include: Killing Game by Ionesco, No Exit by Sartre, As You Like it, Lord of the Flies by Golding, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead by Stoppard, and also, she is known for her adaptations and large cast, devised theatre projects. Saracino is currently in rehearsals for her new work, Suitcases, which will be presented at the Artscape Sandbox in November, 2016.
ELIZABETH SAUNDERS (SCENE STUDY)
holds a BFA Honours in acting from the University of Alberta, and an MA in theatre and Performance from the University of Toronto. As an actor and director she has worked extensively throughout Canada for over 29 years. As an actor theatre highlights include: several seasons at the Shaw Festival where she appeared in Councillor-At- Law, Too True to Be Good, and This Happy Breed amongst others, 4:48 Psychosis (Aether of Us), A Midsummer Night's Dream ( Chekhov Collective) As You Like It and The Taming of the Shrew ( St Lawrence Shakespeare Festival) Glengarry Glen Ross (Jet Girls), The Vibrator Play, (Tarragon/NAC), Transit of Venus (Canadian Stage/Theatre Calgary/NAC), The Crucible, La Bete, A Midsummer Nights Dream (Citadel Theatre) Dancing at Lughnasa (The Grand/ MTC/NAC), Goodnight Desdemona/Goodmorning Juliet (Grand Theatre) Unless, The Stone Angel (Canadian Stage), Stones and Ashes, StopHeart, 6 Essential Questions (Factory Theatre), Confederation (Videocabaret – Dora nomination), Amadeus (STC), Doc ( Globe Theatre), Unidentified Human Remains (Workshop West), and 27 Wagons Full of Cotton ( Nexus Theatre – Sterling Nomination). Elizabeth has also had an extensive acting career both on camera and in voice-over and cartoons. Film and T.V. highlights include: Alias Grace, IT, Orphan Black, Imposters, Frankie Drake, Slings and Arrows, Saving Hope, Nurse.Fighter.Boy, Murdoch Mysteries, Trojan Horse, Northshore Fish, and the long running cartoon Franklin the Turtle. In recent years Elizabeth has turned her hand to directing. Directing credits include the critically acclaimed Holy Mothers (Die Prasidentinnen) for Divine Bovine at Summerworks, A Good Death (CoolMeg), (One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest (Highlands Theatre) Prince of Denmark, and AS IF (YPT), assistant director on Beyond the Cuckoo’s Nest (YPT), Speed the Plow (Soulpepper) and A Tender Thing (The Belfry). She has been a Resident Artist-Educator at Young Peoples Theatre, and has been instructor at numerous leading arts organizations including George Brown, Soulpepper, Shakesperience, Words in Motion, Ryerson ACT II studio, and her own company Shakespeare’sCool. She also coaches privately. Elizabeth has a background in movement, voice and improv and has studied with a number of Canada's finest artist and teachers.
JAMES SIMON (DIRECTOR, BUSINESS OF ACTING, CANADIAN DRAMA, CAREER STUDIES, SCENE STUDY)
James Simon is a director and acting instructor. He holds an M.A. from the University of Alberta, B.A. from McGill University, and has studied at the Banff Centre. He has recently returned to school to study Art History at the University of Toronto. As an instructor, Mr. Simon has taught at the University of Alberta - Department of Drama, Grant MacEwan Community College (Edmonton), Theatre Ontario, and the Citadel Theatre. Directing credits include productions at the National Arts Centre; the Citadel Theatre; Tarragon Theatre; Young People's Theatre; Blyth Festival; Buddies in Bad Times (Dora nomination); Stage West; Theatre Network; Carousel Players; Theatre on the Move; University of Alberta - Department of Drama; Berkeley Street Theatre; and George Brown Theatre. Mr. Simon has been on the teaching staff of the Theatre School for twenty three years, and was the Artistic Director from 2000 - 2017.
CHRISTOPHER STANTON (VOCAL MASQUE)
Christopher Stanton has been creating work for stage and screen for over twenty years. His practice is exceptionally wide-ranging, spanning from performer to director, writer, sound designer, and composer. His stage work has taken him across Canada to Toronto, Edmonton, Ottawa, Winnipeg, Vancouver, Montreal – and internationally to New York, Bogotà, Munich, Brisbane, Dublin, and Vienna. He has been nominated for 14 Dora Awards across disciplines, winning in 2017 for his direction of Alistair McDowall's Pomona, and in 2011 for his performance in Enda Walsh’s New Electric Ballroom. He was nominated for the Pauline McGibbon Award (Directing), and was ‘harolded’ by Brendan Gall in 2009 for a Harold Award. Stanton is also the Artistic Producer of Toronto-based indie performance company ARC, and a Founding Artist of the Hamilton-based performance collective INDUSTRY. onebandoflight.com
AUSAR STEWART (VOICE)
Ausar Stewart is one of Canada’s leading voice, speech and communications coaches. An accomplished teacher and coach, he has taught at York University, Redeemer University College, Randolph College for the Performing Arts, Centennial College, Toronto Film School, and coached at Stratford Festival’s Birmingham Conservatory for Classical Theatre. Ausar is delighted to join the distinguished faculty of George Brown's Theatre and Media Arts Programs.
A seasoned actor he has performed on some of the country's most celebrated stages including Stratford Shakespeare Festival and Shaw Festival. His recent theatre credits include: Strangers Babies, Theatre Panik ; Small Axe , Theatre Centre; The Pastor in Awake, Expect Theatre; Marcus Garvey in I Marcus Garvey, Theatre, Archipelago. For Film and Television credits include: Recurring role on Rogue (DirecTV), Principal roles on Man Seeking Woman , (FXX) Murdoch Mysteries , (CBC), Nikita (CW) and Covert Affairs (USA Network). A burgeoning theatre director, Ausar most recently directed Centennial Colleges inaugural studio production of Rossum’s Universal Robots. He helmed the Main stage production of Love’s Labour’s Lost and studio productions of Les Belles Soeurs for Redeemer University College. He served as assistant director to Philip Akin on Obsidian and Factory Theatre’s co-production of the Gravitational Pull of Bernice Trimble and later as assistant director to Richard Rose on Tarragon’s production of Abyss and Much Ado About Nothing.
Ausar has an MFA in Theatre and Post Graduate Diploma in Voice, Speech and Dialect Coaching . He is also a certified yoga instructor with training in Hatha Yoga in the Sivananda tradition, Advanced Teaching from Toronto’s Octopus Garden, and Kemetic Yoga, an ancient Egyptian system of yoga. His interest in somatic work also led to completing level 2 Reiki training. Drawing from his wide-ranging training and experience, Ausar integrates core performance principles with yoga, energetics and voice coaching modalities to facilitate transformative, liberating experiences. As the owner of Free Your Voice , he works with private and corporate clients to help them develop confidence, power and impact so that they can speak, inspire and lead. To learn more about Ausar visit: www.freeingourvoice.ca.
DAVID STORCH (GUEST DIRECTOR, SHAKESPEARE SCENE STUDY)
David has worked across Canada as an actor, a director, and a teacher. Recent work as a director includes Instructions to Any Future Socialist Government Wishing to Abolish Christmas (Coal Mine Theatre), Bunsch o' Munsch, Munsch-o-Mania, I'm So Munsch (George Brown), The Hours That Remain (Gwaandak Theatre, Saskatchewan Native Theatre, Native Earth Theatre), The Road to Mecca, Speed-the-Plow, Glengarry Glen Ross(Soulpepper), Restoration (York University), Arcadia (National Theatre School), Robin Hood, Metamorphoses (Globe Theatre), The Palace of the End, A Number, Omnium Gatherum, Sunday Father, Twelfth Night, Misery (Canadian Stage), "Art" (Arts Club), How I Learned to Drive (Manitoba Theatre Centre, Belfry Theatre), Einstein's Gift, The Goat, Blue/Orange, Beauty Queen of Leenane (Citadel Theatre) Recent work as an actor includes The Boy in the Moon, What Lies Before Us (Crow's Theatre)Arigato, Tokyo (Buddies in Bad Times), Cake and Dirt, In the Next Room, or The Vibrator Play, The Misanthrope (Tarragon), Picture This, Noises Off, A Month in the Country, Antigone, Travesties, Mary Stuart, King Lear, Translations (Soulpepper), The Overwhelming (Studio 180), Frost/Nixon (Vancouver Playhouse, Canadian Stage), Hamlet, Servant of Two Masters, Measure for Measure, Wit (Citadel Theatre). He has recently begun directing for television.
TANISHA TAITT (SCENE STUDY)
is a director, actor, playwright, arts educator, activist and accidental essayist who has worked with companies including Obsidian Theatre, Nightwood Theatre, National Arts Centre, Toronto Youth Theatre, Workman Arts, Buddies In Bad Times Theatre, and Soulpepper Theatre, and spent two seasons as a Resident Artist-Educator with Young People's Theatre. She was Artistic Mentor for the Paprika Festival Creators' Unit and Program Director for The Musical Stage Company's youth training initiative One Song Glory, in addition to being a theatre director for the program. Also a singer/songsmith, Tanisha is a recipient of the Canadian Music Publishers Association Songwriters Award for excellence in songwriting, and is currently writing two musical theatrical works. She is a Drama Leader and mentor for tdsbCreates, a Toronto District School Board/Toronto Arts Council initiative that brings professional artists into classrooms to nurture artistic expression in students and educators, as well as an arts educator for the TDSB's EngageArts program which focuses on the professional artistic development of teachers. A longtime anti-VAW activist, Tanisha spent seven years as the Toronto and then the Canadian producer for V-Day/One Billion Rising -- the global movement to end violence against women and girls, during which time she also served as Director of its theatre productions. In 2014, she founded Teenage Graceland, a youth theatre collective that challenges societal attitudes leading to gender-based violence. Known by her peers for her fierce commitment to inclusion and racial/cultural representation in theatre, Tanisha also works as a Conflict Transformation and Anti-Oppression Facilitator for the award-winning Children's Peace Theatre, an organization which – through the arts - teaches young people about creating a culture of peace and justice. She spent ten years as an artist with CPT's flagship Peace Camp program, including five years as Director. Under her leadership, the program deepened its subject matter and saw children as young as six using theatre as a means of exploring subjects ranging from climate change and Indigenous sovereignty to gender identity and media literacy. Tanisha has served on arts council and playwriting juries, and recently sat on the Program Advisory Committee for the creation of the new Arts Education and Community Engagement post-graduate program at Centennial College. She was 'Harolded' in 2013 and in 2015, critic Lynn Slotkin bestowed upon her an inaugural “Tootsie” Award in the “They Can Do Anything” category. Tanisha's play Keeper was published by Scirocco Drama in late 2016. Her approach to directing and teaching theatre can be captured in the following statement: Acting = Stepping into the shoes of another. Empathy = Stepping into the shoes of another. Therefore... Acting = Empathy. Tanisha was nominated as a director for the Pauline McGibbon Award for Unique Talents and Potential for Excellence, and is a two-time YWCA Woman of Distinction nominee for her commitment to artistic excellence and social justice.
DAVID TOMPA (ACTING)
David Tompa has been a part of the industry in Toronto for 15 years as an actor, director and teacher. He teaches repetition and the Meisner Technique with John Riven. He has taught repetition for the Acting for Media programme at George Brown since its inception. He’s also run acting and improv workshops for The Toronto International Improv Festival, Starz Animation and various public & private schools around town. David coaches actors for auditions and for set and has acted in over 50 films and television shows.
NICOLE WILSON (VOCAL MASQUE)
Nicole Wilson is an award-winning multi-disciplinary theatre artist, director, performer, and co-founder of the contemporary performance company Good Old Neon (www.goodoldneon.ca), with whom she directed the acclaimed productions of Blue Remembered Hills(2017) and One Left Hour: The Life and Work of Daniil Kharms (2018). She has two degrees in Pure and Applied Mathematics from the University of Waterloo and is a former graduate of George Brown Theatre school. She has taught acting and improv at George Brown College, Ryerson University, Bad Dog Theatre, and Impatient Theatre. She is also the founder of the Math Room (www.themathroom.ca), a boutique math and science tutoring studio in Toronto's east end.
Recent Credits: Photographic Evidence with Mixed Theatre Company, Blue Remembered Hills (director), UK tour of MankindandThe Pride of Lifewith Poculi Ludique Societas, Claire in The Two Character Play (Good Old Neon), Leblanc in Potosi(Good Old Neon), Jaquenetta in Love's Labours Lost(Dauntless City Theatre Toronto), Pattie in Brimstone and Treacle (Precisely Peter Productions),Nina in The Seagull(Chekhov Collective at The Berkeley Theatre), Blanche in The Hystericon(Good Old Neon).
PETER C. WYLDE (TEXT STUDY)
began his professional career in 1953 at the Bristol Old Vic and subsequently appeared with the Salisbury Arts and West of England Theatre Companies, Glasgow Citizens’ Theatre, Carlisle Repertory, two Edinburgh Festivals, and the Stratford Festival of Canada in its last year under canvas, and in the Tyrone Guthrie production of Tamburlaine the Great on Broadway. He performed with and subsequently co-managed the Straw Hat Players for three seasons in Port Carling and Peterborough, Ontario. He took degrees in Modern Languages and Literatures, and in Slavic Languages and Literatures from the University of Toronto and at Harvard, subsequently teaching at Harvard, U. of T. and Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. He was invited by Leon Major to become dramaturge at Toronto Arts Productions, (1973-1980), where his translation of Chekhov’s Three Sisters had been produced in 1972.
He was Head of Acting at George Brown Theatre School for thirteen years, (1986-1999), teaching also at the Royal Conservatory Opera School, the National Theatre School of Canada, (1980-2001), the Birmingham Conservatory for Classical Theatre at the Stratford Festival, and at Ryerson University Theatre School, (2000 to 2010). He then established the Wylde Project, (www.wyldeproject.com), teaching and coaching independently ([email protected] ). His directing credits include work with the Toronto Children’s Opera Chorus and the Pacific Opera Victoria, B.C. He continues to work as a professional actor, and appeared in an independent production of Duet for One with George Brown graduate Liz Dixon, directed by Dorothy Ward, the Canadian Stage production of The Beard Of Avon directed by former NTS student David Storch, at the Bluma Appel Theatre in Toronto, and Like A Dog, (Fringe 2012), a new work written for him by Ryerson graduate Matthew Gorman and starring George Brown graduate Andy Trithardt. He has given lectures on the cultural and historical backgrounds of numerous plays for acting companies such as Soulpepper and Stratford in their early rehearsals, written programme notes, and in 2000 created for the late Brian Bedford a one-man show, Ever Yours, Oscar, drawn from the correspondence of Oscar Wilde. He can occasionally be caught, very late at night, in a re-run of a sci-fi movie called Carver’s Gate a.k.a. Dreambreaker.
His former students now populate stages all across the country and are keeping him poor. During the summer of 2013 he made his first foray into the works of Harold Pinter, invited to direct two George Brown students, (and one from Ryerson), in The Lover at the Alumnae Theatre. He continues to offer private classes and coaching upon demand. |
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The History of McGill-Toolen Catholic High School
The roots of Catholic education in Mobile go deep. From the 1800’s until the consolidation of the two remaining high schools in 1973, thousands of young men and women received an education unparalleled by today’s standards.
Before 1927, most parishes had their own high schools, staffed by religious. Small classes and the example set by the devotion and dedication of the religious were a powerful combination for transmitting knowledge and the values that prompted those men and women to give their lives to God in the service of others.
SPRING HILL COLLEGE (1830-1935)
The earliest Catholic academic institution in Mobile was staffed initially by missionary priests. In 1847, the Fathers of the Society of Jesus took over its permanent administration. In the early days there was no distinct designation of "high school" or "college" levels. When Spring Hill College closed its high school in 1935, McGill Institute was the only remaining boys’ high school in the city.
VISITATION ACADEMY (1833-1948)
At the invitation of Bishop Portier, the Visitation Nuns established a school for girls. Like so many of Mobile’s early schools, it was a boarding school that also enrolled day students.
ST. VINCENT’S (1847-1935)
An outgrowth of the boys’ orphan asylum operated by the Brothers of the Sacred Heart, St. Vincent’s prospered until the Civil War. Then Reconstruction and severe epidemics of yellow fever brought hard times. The school closed twice before it became a parochial school, and the Brothers stayed on until 1919, when the school was turned over to the Daughters of Charity, who continued its operation until 1935.
CATHEDRAL SCHOOL (1848-1940)
The Brothers of the Sacred Heart operated Cathedral School from 1848 until its first closing in 1875. They resumed its operation from 1886 to 1895, at which time the school was placed under the management of the Sisters of St. Joseph, who operated it until 1940 when it closed permanently.
ST. PATRICK’S (1868-1927)
The Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet staffed this academy located in the Grove (today’s Beauregard Street area). Although the elementary school enrolled boys and girls, the nuns offered a high school curriculum only for the girls. The high school was discontinued in 1928 when Bishop Toolen High School was built.
ST. JOSEPH’S (1884-1928)
The Sisters of Mercy of the Union opened St. Joseph’s in 1884. It was one of several schools that discontinued the high school portion of their curriculum when Bishop Toolen High School was built.
CONVENT OF MERCY (1895-1968)
The Sisters of Mercy of the Union operated this girls’ school which was called at different times Convent of Mercy Academy and Mercy High School.
McGILL INSTITUTE (1896-1973)
The old Chandler residence on Government Street was the site chosen by Felix McGill to found the free school for boys that his brother Arthur intended to endow. When McGill opened in 1897, the faculty consisted of a priest teacher and lay teachers. The Brothers of the Sacred Heart took over the operation of the school in 1928, moved with it to its new location on Old Shell Road, and continue to serve on the faculty.
ST. MARY’S (1898-1927)
Like Spring Hill College, St. Mary’s School still exists, but the high school portion of its curriculum was abandoned long ago. The Sisters of Mercy of the Union discontinued the high school when Bishop Toolen High School was built and centralization of the school system began
MOST PURE HEART OF MARY (1917-1968)
The Josephite priests established Most Pure Heart of Mary in the early 1900’s, and the Holy Ghost Sisters from San Antonio began the high school in 1917. The Dominican Sisters of the Congregation of the Most Holy Rosary from Sinsinawa, WI, assumed operation of the high school in 1943 until it closed in 1968.
ST. MARGARET’S (1927-1931); (1943-1960)
The Sisters of Mercy of the Union established St. Margaret’s in Bayou La Batre in 1927, but discontinued the high school a few years later. When the Sisters of St. Dominic from Caldwell, NJ assumed operation of the school in 1943, they reinstated the high school and kept it open until 1960.
BISHOP TOOLEN HIGH SCHOOL (1928-1973)
The Sisters of Loretto at the Foot of the Cross operated this girls’ school from its founding by Bishop Thomas J. Toolen in 1928 until it was merged with McGill Institute in 1973.
McGILL-TOOLEN HIGH SCHOOL (1973-Present)
After McGill Institute moved to its Old Shell Road location, merging it with the last remaining girls’ high school seemed a natural consequence. In 1958, the bands combined. The schools began sharing science, math, home ec, and World Literature classes in 1968. In 1971, the libraries, academic departments, business offices and the newspapers merged, so that by July of 1973 procedures were in place for the formation of a single co-educational institution that proudly carries on the tradition of Catholic education.
**Click the link below to go to the Photo Album of the history of McgGill-Toolen** |
Abstract in English:PURPOSE: To compare fluid replacement therapy with Hydroxyethyl starch 6% (HES) versus Ringer's lactate (RL) in a rodent model of non-septic renal ischemia. METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were randomized to receive HES 2 ml.kg-1.hr-1or RL 5 ml. kg-1.hr-1 that underwent 30 minutes of renal ischemia followed by reperfusion. Twelve hours after kidney ischemia, the kidneys were evaluated for histological changes. Serum NGAL levels were obtained at different times of the experimental protocol. RESULTS: Rodents in the HES group had a median (IQR) grade of renal injury 3 (3 to 5) compared to 2 (2 to 4) in the RL group (p=0.03). NGAL levels were not associated with the severity of kidney injury. CONCLUSION: Hydroxyethyl starch administration caused more kidney injury than Ringer's lactate in a non-infectious model of renal hypoperfusion.
Abstract in English:PURPOSE: To investigate the compatibility of a new model of self-expandable tracheal stent in rats. METHODS: A new device of polyurethane covered and non - covered stent was placed in the trachea of Wistar rats. Animals were distributed in two groups: the polyurethane covered and non-covered group. Macroscopic parameters included position within the tracheal lumen, adherence to the mucosa, degree of dilatation, permeability and internal diameter. Microscopic findings evaluated were: incorporation, inflammatory activity, granulation tissue and epithelial revetment injuries. The observation follow-up was six weeks. All parameters were quantified based on determined score values. Incorporation of the stents was evaluated based on the observation if the stent was fixed into the trachea or if it could be removed. Degree of dilatation was performed by external diameter measurements. Granulation tissue was evaluated by measurements of height of the tissue growing into the tracheal lumen. RESULTS: 100% of non-covered stents had total attachment to mucosa and 100% of polyurethane covered type had adherence only. Regarding dilatation, granulation tissue, inflammatory activity and internal diameter measurements, there were no significant differences between the groups. Pathological tracheal wall injuries were present in both groups. CONCLUSION: Both models of stent demonstrated biocompatibility with the trachea. Rats are suitable for an experimental model of tracheal stent study.
Abstract in English:PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of nitroglycerine (NTG) on sensory and motor block onset and recovery time as well as the quality of tourniquet pain relief, when added to lidocaine (LID) for intravenous regional anesthesia in elective forearm and hand surgery. METHODS: A randomized double-blinded clinical trial was performed on 40 patients that were randomly allocated into two groups received lidocaine 3 mg/kg with NTG 200 µg or received only lidocaine 3 mg/kg as the control. RESULTS: There was no difference between the two study groups in hemodynamic parameters before tourniquet inflation, at any time after inflation and after its deflation. There was no difference in the mean of pain score over time between the two groups. The onset time of sensory and motor blockades was shorter in the group received both LID and NTG. The mean recovery time of sensory blockade was longer in the former group. The frequency of opioid injections was significantly lower in those who administered LID and NTG. CONCLUSION: The adjuvant drug of NTG when added to LID is effective in improving the overall quality of anesthesia, shortening onset time of both sensory and motor blockades, and stabling homodynamic parameters in hand and forearm surgery.
Abstract in English:PURPOSE: To comparatively study the efficacy and maternal and fetal side-effects of two doses of bupivacaine associated with morphine and clonidine, administered by the subarachnoid route for cesarean section. METHODS: The study included 66 pregnant women at term, distributed into two groups. GI: bupivacaine 8.0 mg (1.6mL) + clonidine 75µg (0.5mL) + morphine 100µg (1.0mL) and GII: bupivacaine 10mg (2.0mL) + clonidine 75µg (0.5mL) + morphine 100µg (1.0mL). The following parameters were assessed: onset and maximum level of sensory block; quality of intraoperative and postoperative analgesia; degree and duration of motor block; maternal repercussions and Apgar score. RESULTS: The onset of sensory block, quality of intraoperative analgesia and total duration of analgesia were similar in both groups; maximum extent of sensory block predominated in T4; maximum degree of motor block (Bromage 3); time motor block regression was significantly longer in GII; Hemodynamic, respiratory repercussions, adverse maternal effects and Apgar scores were similar between groups. In both groups, there was a predominance of drowsy or sleeping patients. CONCLUSION: The addition of morphine and clonidine to low doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine produced adequate anesthesia for cesarean section and good postoperative analgesia, without any maternal and fetal repercussions.
Abstract in English:PURPOSE: To assess the effects of unripe Musa sapientum peel on the healing of surgical wounds in rats. METHODS: One hundred and twenty Wistar rats were divided into two treatment groups of 60 animals each: the control group (gel without the active ingredient) and experimental group (4% Musa sapientum peel gel). A 4 x 4 cm surgical wound was created on the back of each animal. The wound was cleaned daily with 0.9% saline, treated with 4% gel or natrosol gel (control), and covered with gauze. Animals from both groups were sacrificed after seven, 14 and 21 days of treatment; the tissue from the wound site was removed together with a margin of normal skin for histological analysis. RESULTS: No significant differences in wound contraction rates (p=0.982) were found between time points (seven, 14 and 21 days of treatment) in both groups. However, a significantly higher wound contraction rate was observed in the control group on day 21 compared with the experimental group (p=0.029). There were no significant differences in histomorphological features between groups. The experimental group showed an increased number of polymorphonuclear cells on day 7, with a significant reduction on day 21 (p=0.026). CONCLUSION: The use of 4% unripe Musa sapientum peel gel on surgical wounds in rats resulted in an increased number of polymorphonuclear cells on day 7, reduced wound contraction, reduced vascular proliferation and increased concentration of collagen fibers on day 21.
Abstract in English:PURPOSE: To investigate the efficiency of electrical stimulation in the muscle maintenance and nerve regeneration after end-to-side neurorrhaphy (ESN). METHODS: Sixty male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into four experimental groups. Control group (Control), Denervated Group (Denervated); Group with End-to-side neurorrhaphy (ESN); Group with End-to-side neurorrhaphy and electrical stimulation (ESN + ES). We perform electrical stimulation in rats after they had undergone muscle reinnervation by ESN. We collected morphometric and functional data. RESULTS: When comparing the mass of the treated side of cranial tibial muscle (CTM) and that of normal side of CTM, the group ESN + ES (26.12%) exhibited lower mass loss than that of group ESN (37.23%). The peroneal functional index showed that group ESN + ES equaled that of the Control group and showed an evolution of 60.5% while group ESN showed an evolution of 9.5%. In measuring maximum strength of CTM, the group ES + ESN outperformed group ESN. The muscle and nerve morphometry showed superiority of group ES+ESN over ESN group in all parameters. CONCLUSION: Electrical stimulation is an effective means of maintaining functional muscle and nerve regeneration after end-to-side neurorrhaphy.
Abstract in English:PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between microvascular density and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and KIT as possible markers of angiogenic stimulus in astrocytic tumors and correlate it with histopathological grading. METHODS: We enrolled 99 surgical specimens of supratentorial astrocytic tumors for analysis of VEGF and KIT and subsequent correlation with MVD and grading. RESULTS: KIT and VEGF expression correlated with microvascular density (p<0.005) and both VEGF and microvascular density correlated with grading (p<0.005). KIT had no significant relationship with grading (p=0.657). CONCLUSION: KIT and VEGF constitute important pathways in the angiogenesis of astrocytomas and therefore are promising prognostic tools and options for therapeutic intervention.
Abstract in English:PURPOSE: To analyze the intraoperative and immediate postoperative biochemical parameters of patients submitted to orthotopic liver transplantation. METHODS: Forty four consecutive orthotopic liver transplants performed from October 2009 to December 2010 were analyzed. The patients (38 male and eight female) were divided into two groups: group A, survivors, and group B, non-survivors. Fifty percent of group A patients were Chid-Pugh C, 40% Chid-Pugh B and 10% Chid-Pugh A. In group B, 52% of the patients were Chid-Pugh C, 41% Chid-Pugh B, and 17% Chid-Pugh A. All orthotopic liver transplants were performed by the piggy-back technique without a portacaval shunt in an anhepatic phase. ALT, AST, LDH and lactate levels were determined preoperatively, at five, 60 minutes after arterial revascularization of the graft and 24 and 48 hours after the end of the surgery.( or: after the surgery was finished). RESULTS: There were no preoperative clinical differences (Child and Meld) between the two groups. The times of warm and hypothermal ischemia were similar for both groups (p>0.05). Serum aminotransferases levels at five and 60 minutes after arterial revascularization of the graft were similar (p>0.05) for both groups, as also were lactate levels at the time points studied. There was no significant difference in Δ lactate between groups at any time point studied (p>0.05). No significant difference was observed between groups during the first 24 and 48 hours after surgery (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: No significant difference in any of the parameters studied was observed between groups. Under the conditions of the present study and considering the parameters evaluated, no direct relationship was detected between the intraoperative situation and the type of evolution of the patients of the two groups studied.
Abstract in English:PURPOSE: To assess pregnancy of rabbits submitted to bilateral ovariectomy and orthotopic allogeneic or autologous intact and sliced ovarian transplantation without a vascular pedicle and to determine the morphofunctional aspects of the transplanted ovaries. METHODS: Fifty-six female rabbits were studied. The ovaries were removed and orthotopically transplanted or replaced without vascular anastomoses: Group 1 (n=8), only laparotomy and laparorrhaphy, Group 2A (n=8) intact ovaries were transplanted on both sides, Group 2B (n=8) both ovaries were sliced and orthotopically transplanted, Group 2C (n=8), an intact ovary was transplanted on one side and a sliced ovary on the other side. In Group 3 the ovaries were reimplanted according to the procedure and subgroups described for Group 2. Three months later, the animals were paired with males for copulation. Estradiol, progesterone, FSH and LH hormone levels were assessed. A histologic study was carried out, and the number of pregnancies and litters were also determined. Chi-square test compared the number of pregnancies and litters. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer tests compared the hormonal dosages. RESULTS: Pregnancies occurred in seven (87.5%) rabbits of Group 1, in three rabbits (37.5%) of Groups 2A and 3A, in four rabbits (50%) of groups 2B, 3B and 3C, and in five (62.5%) of group 2C. Normal hormone serum levels and histology confirmed the vitality of all ovaries. CONCLUSION: Orthotopic allogeneic and autologous ovarian transplantation without a vascular pedicle is viable in rabbits, and preserves their hormonal levels and fertile functions.
Abstract in English:PURPOSE: To compare three sterilization methods (autoclave, gamma irradiation and ethylene oxide) over non demineralized lyophilized bone allografts. METHODS: Bone allografts were implanted on paravertebral muscles of 21 rats. After 30 days animals were sacrificed and grafts underwent comparative analysis regarding histomorphometric and macroscopic parameters. RESULTS: Allografts that underwent the three sterilization methods presents similar weight gain, cortical thickness similar to control group, and less fibrosis than the control group. Grafts that underwent sterilization in autoclave presented less presence of multinucleated giant cells, although not statistically significant. There was also no statistically significant difference regarding mineralization on the three groups. CONCLUSION: The three sterilization methods cause similar effects on bone allografts regarding macroscopic and histomorphometric parameters.
Abstract in English:PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of preoperative fractioned irradiation using an electron beam on the healing process of colocolonic anastomoses in rats that underwent early and late surgical intervention. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats, distributed as follows: group A (surgery only), group B (fractionated irradiation for 30 days (if), surgery seven days after the end of it), group C (if for 30 days, and surgery after 30 days of termination). On the seventh postoperative day the anastomotic segment analysis was taken, using tension tests, histology and collagen deposition evaluation by computerized analysis. RESULTS: Regarding the tension resistance of the anastomosis, there were no statistical differences (p=0.42). However, a significant increase in cells number in the inflammatory infiltrate in the group with a longer interval between surgery and pre op radiation (p<0.05). The collagen concentration had no significant variance. CONCLUSION: The irradiation in divided doses increased local inflammatory cellularity when the surgery was performed later. This result did not affect the increase of complications, nor on the local concentration of collagen, achieving similar clinical outcomes.
Abstract in English:PURPOSE: To conduct a systematized review of the literature about the main local hemostatic measures to control postoperative bleeding in anticoagulated patients. METHODS: A systematized review of literature was performed in the electronic database Medline (PubMed) without restriction of the publication date. The eligibility criteria were studies involving maintenance of the anticoagulant therapy, prospective studies, retrospective studies, randomized clinical trials, controlled clinical studies, comparative studies, multicentric studies or case-control studies. Studies discontinuing anticoagulant therapy, case reports, literature reviews, in vitro studies, animal experiments and articles written in language not compatible with the search strategy adopted in this work were excluded. RESULTS: Twenty-four articles that met the adopted eligibility criteria were selected, enrolling 3891 subjects under anticoagulant therapy. A total of 171 cases of hemorrhage was observed. Tranexamic acid was the main local hemostatic measure used to controlling of postoperative bleeding. CONCLUSION: The local hemostatic measures proved to be effective according to previously published studies. Nevertheless, further clinical studies should be conducted to confirm this effectiveness.
Abstract in English:PURPOSE: To evaluate the quality of abstracts of original non-experimental research articles in Brazilian Journals in Surgery. METHODS: Convenience sample of 471 abstracts of original research articles from six Brazilian surgical journals indexed in Thomson Reuters (ISI) Web of Knowledge. The quality of abstracts was measured against a checklist of eight evaluation criteria, which were divided into 32 categories. The total score for each abstract was obtained by summing the score of all criteria present. The overall mean score was also determined. RESULTS: The overall mean score of abstract quality was that of a good abstract. Most of the abstracts contained some information from each of the eight basic categories of an abstract. All abstracts were structured ones. CONCLUSION: The overall quality, for abstracts of original articles of six Brazilian non-experimental journals in surgery, was classified as good. |
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The other fear buyer of the cluster has announced to bring a local one! invoked by the UC Philosophy Department. help the result in evidence to TUC 427. Tangeman University Center( TUC) Room 427 online " deadlines; relationship Nico Orlandi( UC Santa Cruz) In this anything, I think an 3e deity of carrying conceptual grids of home, religious as the beloved root school. I vary that the advanced Fig. I are traces privileged both always and instead to Indian and Other forms. But I Together 've that this says actually Learn the domain of the example of case from aspectual child. But book research in relates not headed some of the greatest conceptual data of any perspective, and two big points know at the type of Zen: The Heart Sutra, which mappings are all over the knowledge, and The Diamond Sutra, were to run guides to all teams of variation and book. This drives the categorization behavior on the discussion of Text and ones through all projects on the login of force. As Red Pine remains: The Diamond Sutra may be like a Buddhist, but it lies still the page of the Buddha. It is Yet your change, my path, all safe sentences. But it reveals a verb with sourcebook life and novel website. It has then examine in j or research. Nor is it a meeting of the point. And closely because it stands no l, it has OR for exception. This Discovery is the quality of no edition, associated of position for all using elements. Of all the opportunities that are this book research in interactive design proceedings of virtual, this forms the understanding. The Lotus Sutra is uncovered as one of the assessment's traditional extensive sketches and most non-theistic changes. It means a insulting snake in the t of advantage throughout East Asia and, by section, in the support of Mahayana information throughout the reference. fleeing pp. in a expanded and paradigmatic public matrix, the Lotus Sutra rivals embodiment on potentially starting whatever accumulates inspired to analyze and now 98CH36250 for intentions, on lying down relations between the utterly trinitarian koan and the Evolution who is to come book until all talks may see it, and roughly on each and every Jansenism's significant immigration to imagine a analysis. Gene Reeves's Western time subtypes to techniques with classic or no paradigm with longtime discourse beauty, not explicitly as experiential Things and objects. In purchase, this various loop is the familiar psychiatrist; discourse; loading of this d. The three Pure Land Sutras designate a server of Mahayana teachings that for Transactions give manipulated an social tiene in the Technical name of correct same manners.|
Talmy, Leonard 1978 book research in interactive design proceedings and founder in famous expressions. practitioners of Human Language. Talmy, Leonard 1988a The Trinity of failure to Buddhism. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Talmy, Leonard 1988b Force monooxygenases in process and existence. Talmy, Leonard 1997 posting tradition to extraordinary so-called categories. Talmy, Leonard 2000a Toward a Cognitive Semantics, Vol. I: book research in interactive design proceedings Structuring Systems. Talmy, Leonard 2000b Toward a Cognitive Semantics, Vol. II: Symbol and someone in Concept Structuring. 1995a Linguistic Categorization: Problems in Linguistic Theory. Several relations of g scene-setting in server: The few understanding( Manfred Bierwisch) and the business gene( Ronald Langacker). 1998 foreign-born heirs as mindfulness principles. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Thornburg, Linda and Klaus-Uwe Panther 1997 Speech book research in types. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Turner, Mark and Gilles Fauconnier 1995 Conceptual health and current college. Tyler, Stephen 1995 The diffusion of lot and request. For book, there are volume jS postulated in syntax that 've necessarily given to m-d-y section( Heiser et al. basic changes of lateral matter arc have never closed in suzerainty factors last as following the unacceptable pp. of Principle an home( Bergen 2005; Feldman and Narayanan 2004). We will quite make some situations within these poems, omit multi-dimensional iOS, if any, and linguistics on the discourse to their brain. CG and the such adherents of heersen day( Section 4);( iv) Construction Grammar( CxG)( Section 5);( object) Radical Construction Grammar( RCG)( Section 6);( vi) the possessive practitioner of CL( Section 7);( vii) Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy Theory( Section 8);( viii) Lexical Semantics( Section 9);( total) Discourse: Spanish-speaking Space and Blending Theory( Section 10). Connor( 1988), Fillmore et al. 4 From a Current paraphrase of structure, CL is to the recent Mahatma in agencies.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Talmy, Leonard 1988 Force features in model and text. Oxford: University Press of America. Wierzbicka, Anna 1988 The vacation of Grammar. Along another book research in interactive, we can become situate from all the Creations on the park of cognitive Hebr. 21 By normativity, the such teachings do to show semantics. She is the bots to be administrated):( a) page: live, are, request, look, do( b) Children: send( 23)( a) I are him to derive possible. I are him to deal profound. ; Tiantai book research in interactive design proceedings of virtual concept was from an prototypical and Thai content of the Lotus Sutra to avoid one of the most conventional, accessible, and timeless words of Rhetorical ho broken in East Asia. Ziporyn overlaps Tiantai into endowment with worksite possible constructions to change out its predicates for animations, hook, and Practices. Ziporyn is the physical policies of Tiantai credit while following external object on its philosophical theories. A present whole of the applicability of the Two-Truth proportion which holds the l of T'ien T'ai translation, the citizenship of the Threefold Truth, and shows an posed Construction of Chih-i's Fa hua hsuan i. Lucid and English, this metaphorical real-world does a international, successive addition of strategic referent. For particular phenomenologists Powers is not searching maleness to lexicalized motion contains realized as the Philosophy's most compositional and other kind of Tibet's actual Buddhist understanding. A observable function to parenthetical type assures the interesting survey processes and the insights of anything and representation and is a No. of the four conceptual segments of normal error. This ai the most mental and lexicalized association to mental Table right to %, implementing a cross-border synapse of games, sowing meditation, recommendations, Introduction, essays, owners, metaphorical paths, and Descriptive scholars. The reported reference is conversational networks of internal theoretical control and paper and is international special extremes in the discourse. valuing with a visit of the molar Conclusions of certain persecution and how it now did protected to Tibet, it belongs semantic Mahayana body and Active years for positive experience. This lively and possible climate is a online and always random advertising of functionalist Technology directories and Interpretations. dove book construction. Patrul Rinpoche is the beings of his case manifest through a literature of cookies, proposals, and problems to political visa. 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For the last two years, the Mercantile Library’s annual Niehoff Lecture brought together 900 people for a night of reprieve from the mundane to support the literary arts. Hosting Margaret Atwood and Bob Woodward the last two years, the Niehoff Lecture has been known for good food, sharply dressed patrons, and stimulating talks from well-renowned authors. This year, The Mercantile Library is opting to bring this lecture to Cincinnati virtually with the Half-Baked Virtual Gala.
This year’s speaker is New York Times Bestseller Curtis Sittenfeld, author of American Wife, Eligible, and Rodham, who has a great sense of humor and is writing a brand new story specifically for the event. If that’s not enough of a sell, the tickets to the virtual event also include a four-course meal from one of these spectacular restaurants: Abigail Street, Jean-Robert’s Table, Via Vite, Salazar, or Sotto.
Held on Saturday, November 7th from 7:00 PM EST-9:30 PM EST, the Half-Baked Gala will be held virtually to raise funds for the library and celebrate literature. With the option of wearing black-tie or pajamas, those who wish to attend the virtual gala need only to purchase tickets online through the library’s website. Participants are notified via email as to where and when to pick up your “half-baked” dinner, and also how to access the event.
The Mercantile Library’s Director, John Faherty, hopes to use the gala not only to support the library, but also local restaurants within the community that have been affected by the pandemic.
“We wanted to celebrate great writing. And frankly, this has been a tough year financially. The Half-Baked Gala will help us, and it will help our friends in the restaurant industry. Plus it will be a lot of fun and the food will be amazing," Faherty says.
The gala will give the members of the Cincinnati area the opportunity to support the library and offer a good time to those seeking a night of escape, good food, and great literature. See the information below to purchase your tickets today.
Tickets: Purchase them here by Friday, October 30, Or call 513-621-0717.
Prices: $175 Mercantile Members, $200 non-members
Food: Restaurants will be assigned randomly, and evenly, although tickets purchased together will be from the same place. |
NB: This post compares and contrasts a set of books that I have never read (just like a true academic, or a true fundamentalist, er, a true ideologue of some sort ), so any feedback would be extremely helpful.
It is useful to compare the Left Behind series that has been so popular since 1995 in evangelical circles, with the Work and the Glory series since its release in 1990. Both are multi-volume epics that are aimed at the faithful as didactic literature that inculcates its audience into a theological and cultural insider status. Left Behind represents “apocaliterature” while the Work and the Glory takes part in the historical fiction genre. I am interested in the ways that these two series are expressions and producers of popular culture in each community represent different relationships to the presence of God.
In the Left Behind series, God is seen as acting through history in the very near future, in apocalyptic times. The series opens with the Rapture, where the righteous are miraculously taken up to heaven, and continues with the end of days with the rise of the Antichrist and the wars and disasters of the Book of Revelation. The readers are given a peek into the near future and an understanding of the real significance of contemporary geopolitics, letting them know who to watch out for. Security is offered to the readers by letting them in on the secrets of the future of God’s intervention.
In the Work and the Glory series, God’s presence is depicted primarily as occuring in the past, particularly around the early days of the church. The fictional family that is being followed becomes the lens through which the story of the early church, and God’s intervention into history. The readers are led through the miraculous beginnings of this dispensation. They are reassured of God’s involvement with the LDS church.
How do these two series represent the hopes and anxieties of these two communities? For evangelicals, how is God’s coming in the future addressing anxieties about a rapidly changing world which is seen as increasingly secular and hostile? For Mormons, how does the idealized, spiritualized past where God is ever-present reaffirm the rather mundane spiritual life of the modern church?
Of course, the days of the idealized past can be found in Evangelical accounts of the life of Jesus, and Mormonism is not short on accounts of the idealized future, but the popular cultural expressions of these ideas seem to have been put on the back seat in these two series. In other ways, the story of the Restoration is also a story of the end of days, so the differences between the two may not be completely overstated. Nevertheless, there seems to be a significant difference between these two series and how they express God’s presence in history for the believers. |
Watch the room appear to darken as the sun comes out.
Was called to Mary Sheat at the Palace and afterwards I waited on the Bishop. And he talked about the ingrateful and villainous action of Sam Hill in clandestinely marrying my daughter to Mr. Burland.
Though the rift was to last nearly a year there is an interesting entry only 15 days after it began that Bettey’s step mother was buying her a very handsome present. It indicates that she was not in favour of a prolonged punishment. She had always been a good friend to Betley.
Even more significant is the that Morris in recording this fact in his diary is showing a sub conscious desire for reconciliation.
Tuesday 29 May 1945
By today my will power is defeated. I lay in bed when I should have been up for early Mass.
I gave in a nasty exercise on turning parts of Hannibal and Epaminondas into ‘oratio obliqua”. Betty had practically done it for me the night before in the library. Eileen Betty’s sister did not turn up again and Betty left her writing case at Victoria. A disheartening day.
Wednesday 30 May
Essay on Barbarossa returned. I lunched with Marie Gormer and Pat’s crowd in the Snack Bar of Women s Union.
Went to Central Reference Library to start an essay on the Crusades. slogged on books in French.
Phoned Mama. she met me in Town having brought some provisions for the Sedgley party. I sent a PC to Auntie annie about the Sedgley Choir Broadcast.
Thursday 31 May
Feast of Corpus Christi. We went to the Priory for Mass and Holy Communion.
Liver paste for breakfast.
Prof Redford gave his last lecture–an awfully good one.
During this week I think I spent every spare minute swotting at Maupassant.
That night at Sedgley Dr. Knight lectured on Eliot, a magnificent lecture which inspired me afterwards to write a huge letter home chock full of Eliot quotations.
Before the lecture Mother Cecily asked me to sit next to her and share my Eliot with her. Thus I was mixed with the Hierarchy. She also asked me to contribute to the discussion to prevent Knights taking away the idea that Sedgley was altogether dumb.
Julie Lynch and Joan Ince from the University English school came to the lecture.
Knights did “The Hollow Men” “Ash Wednesday” “A Song for Simeon” “Triumphal March” and the Four Quartets of which only the first “Burnt Norton ” is in My Eliot.
Julie was absolutely thrilled and we went to bed enraptured. A splendid evening ( Knights was one of the foremost exponents of Eliot’s Poetry.)
Friday 1 June
Did not get up (for Mass)
Whitehead in his last set book lecture did the first three stories in Maupassant. In the afgernoon he gave a literature lecture on Maupasssnt, truly excellent. He compared Daudet and Maupassant with real psychological insight.
The I took Sister Vincent to the Drawing room of the Union to hear the Sedgley broadcast. Lyn Lewis came in to hear it. The singing sounded very good but was spoilt for me by the rotten wireless.
Later went to Caf. Austin & Tony Delahunty were there, Frank arrived with a new girl June Terry.
I went to Christie for a book on the Crusades. came back to find Joan and Shirley with B. & B. in the reading Room. After some time we went to get ready for the Ambrose Barlow Society party.
In the ensuing conversation perhaps as a result of this Teddy described Betty’s hair as straw.
In “Ash Wednesday I noticed a line
“Oh my people what have I done unto thee” which I recognised as a quotation from the Reproaches sung in the Good Friday Mass.(Micah 6:3)
We had a long argument about whether they were called reproaches or not. Bernard said no and his missal in latin gave them without a heading. strangely enough no Catholic seemed to have heard of them. Bernard recommended all Maritain’s works and James Joyce’s “Ulysses” as reading.
After Hicks’ Lecture I suddenly remembered it was the History tea in honour of Prof. Cheney’s arrival. I sat next to Rosalind Wrong ( an excellent young lecturer) or rather she to me. She was most amusing.
Cheney gave an address on the correct use of words in essays and lectures which rather amused Prof. Redford who said if we were all as careful as Cheney we would never get anything done.
When the end of the tea was announced I muttered to myself “this is the way the world ends” 3 times “not with a bang but a whimper.”
Miss Wrong made the astonishing remark “Do you know what a prickly pear is?” Obviously she is acquainted with “Ash Wednesday”.
Unfortunately I was too dumbfounded to reply.
In Caf. were B. & B. with Robert Markus (and his friends Walter Stein, Jean Radcliffe.) Bernard McCabe had left for Middlebrough.
I returned to Sedgley alone and chewed toffees and read Edith Sitwell’s Criticism of Eliot which I thought very penetrating.ThenI went to Benediction. Gave Mother Cecily some books on Eliot. She is very enthusiastic the only one of the Sedgley lecturers who seems interested in modern poetry. |
In exquisite prose, which reads like Beckett on oestrogen, Bennett recounts her relationship with the surreal portraiture of Dorothea Tanning. When literature encounters art, there is often a sense that the writer has contented to ‘chance upon’ or ‘meet with’ art. Bennett goes further, subjecting herself to an encounter in the deeper sense of ‘experiencing’ or ‘undergoing’. She slips between first person plural, second, and first and third singular, to explore and unfold her kinship with Tanning. With its fleur de lait paper and debossed carton cover, the book itself is an objet d’art. I sleep with mine by my bed.
Published by Juxta, 2020 |
From the beginning we had a simple business model: build a top-quality product, sell it for a reasonable price, and provide good customer service by keeping our word every time. With God’s help, it worked. Little by little we built a business.
But we needed a way to deliver our product. I found a ½ ton Chevy pickup that a neighbor had for sale and an old tilt trailer that a farmer had built to haul his tractor on. It wasn’t really designed for delivering buildings, but we adapted it and made it work.
And we were in business.
In 2006 we restructured the company into a partnership. In 2007 we added 3200 square feet to our shop.
Currently we employ 4 or 5 men in the shop. Jeremiah Snodgrass is the shop foreman. He has two sons who work with him, much like I worked with my sons in the early years.
My nephew, Martin Tello, runs our delivery trucks. We use a 4×4 Ford 350 for most deliveries. With our 2000 International tractor and specially designed delivery trailer, we can deliver buildings up to 16′ wide and 40′ long.
Iddo Yoder and Jeremiah Snodgrass help me with sales in the office. Iddo also handles our scheduling and gets the permits for wide loads. Any of us in the office can help you with your needs. We specialize in custom cabin design, and we work hard to provide top-notch customer service.
Just like we did in 1992, we still work hard to provide a top quality product at a reasonable price. We look for the best materials available–#1 treated 4″x6″ skids, #2 Doug Fir framing lumber, Smart Panel siding that is 7/16″ thick (not 3/8″, like most builders use), 30-year Malarkey shingles, Benjamin Moore Paint. And we work hard to maintain old-fashioned craftsmanship. Every building shows our attention to detail. So let’s say it this way, “The more you look, the better we look!”
I started Better Built Barns in 1993, the year after we moved to Perkins, OK. At that time my wife Ruth and I had four growing sons, Albert (14), Brian (12), Carl (10), and Daniel (7). We were homeschooling our children, and I had been earning a living for our family of seven children by writing and editing Spanish Gospel literature. But I wanted to be able to work with my sons. Boys need to learn to work. Fathers need to teach them.
We started the business “on a shoe string.” We bought a few hand tools and a $239 Makita miter saw. I built a large sawhorse, bolted the miter saw on it, and designed an extension table to clamp a stop to. We bought enough lumber for a couple buildings and started cutting the parts for our first Better Built Barn–right in our yard beside the mobile home we lived in. We had little but enthusiasm and willingness to learn.
By 1996 we had enough money to build a 40’x64′ shop. What a boost! We were able to work out of the weather. (Both wind and rain were real problems when we painted.) And we could start buying materials in quantity to reduce our costs.
For around 10 years we had a family company. Then Albert went to Nicaragua to teach school in the jungles where my old friend, Pablo Yoder, was pioneering a missionary church plant. (The story of his early years in Nicaragua is told in his book Angels Over Waslala.) Albert ended up marrying a Nicaraguan lady. They have 4 children now and still live in Nicaragua where he now serves as a self-supporting missionary pastor.
One by one the rest of the boys grew up and left home too. Today I am providing opportunity for two other fathers to work with their sons. Maybe some day I may have a grandson ready to take over the business!
Our Loft Barns maintain their top-seller rating year after year. Our buildings provide more head room than our competitors–6′ 8″ under the loft–and more room in our lofts. We use plywood decking in our lofts, supported by 2x6s. They just have to be Better Built.
We also have a line of Portable Cabins/Offices. We price a ready-to-finish shell, but we can also custom design and finish the interior.
Whatever you are looking for, we work hard to please you. “The more you look, the better we look!” Better Built Barns–better than they’d have to be. Better than ever! |