Blinorot/arc_easy_formatted · Datasets at Hugging Face

question stringlengths 18 758	choices listlengths 4 4	answer stringclasses 4 values	id stringlengths 8 22
Some classrooms have computers. The computer is most useful to the students because it helps them	[ "play games.", "watch movies.", "listen to music.", "find information." ]	D	Mercury_SC_405081
Which of these is an example of something being recycled?	[ "Taking glass bottles to a place that makes them into new bottles", "Using the same foil to cover food several times", "Wrapping glasses with newspaper to put them in a moving box", "Carrying lunch to school every day in the same plastic bag" ]	A	VASoL_2008_3_20
Which of the following is an example of a compound?	[ "copper", "iron", "carbon", "water" ]	D	Mercury_177345
One rabbit runs faster than other rabbits in its population. How will the ability to run fast most likely benefit the rabbit?	[ "by keeping the rabbit warmer in the winter", "by helping the rabbit blend with its environment", "by allowing the rabbit to find more sources of food", "by making it easier for the rabbit to escape from predators" ]	D	Mercury_SC_408033
What is the BEST reason for including fruits and leafy vegetables in a healthy diet?	[ "They have a high water content.", "They are the best source of protein.", "They are rich in minerals and vitamins.", "They are the best source of carbohydrates." ]	C	TIMSS_1995_8_I10
In one day, a family in a car rode for 2 hours, stopped for 3 hours, and then rode for another 5 hours. During the day, the family traveled a total distance of 400 kilometers. What was their average speed for the whole trip?	[ "10 km/h", "20 km/h", "40 km/h", "50 km/h" ]	C	Mercury_415085
A Raleigh man turned on his kitchen faucet and filled a glass with water. When he looked at the water, he thought that it might not be safe to drink, so he called the water company to find out. What factor did the man use to evaluate the safety of the water?	[ "pH", "turbidity", "nitrate concentration", "phosphate concentration" ]	B	Mercury_416550
Which of these is the main source of the electromagnetic energy we use?	[ "battery", "wind", "sun", "coal" ]	C	Mercury_7137043
Which of the following is the starting point for a new scientific investigation?	[ "identifying experimental variables", "forming a question that is the basis of a hypothesis", "conducting repeated trials and graphing the data", "writing out a procedure and collecting the needed equipment" ]	B	Mercury_7216633
All organisms depend on the transfer of energy to survive. Which best shows the energy transfer between animals in a shoreline ecosystem?	[ "Fish -> Plants -> Birds", "Plants -> Birds -> Fish", "Plants -> Fish -> Birds", "Fish -> Birds -> Plants" ]	C	Mercury_SC_408620
Which investigation might be used to demonstrate potential energy?	[ "Roll one ball toward another, and see what happens when they collide.", "Place a glass of water in the freezer, and see how long the water takes to become solid.", "Compress a spring by different amounts, and see how far it can launch a ball into the air.", "Roll a ball from the top of an inclined plane and determine the amount of time it takes to get to the bottom." ]	C	ACTAAP_2009_7_5
The fossil record shows that trees have changed throughout the years. Which of the following conclusions would be best supported by the fossil record?	[ "The environment has changed.", "Animals need leafy trees.", "Rocks can destroy trees.", "Trees give off oxygen." ]	A	Mercury_SC_406674
An agriculturalist predicts that the tomato harvest will be very good this year. Which has the greatest effect on the size of the tomato harvest?	[ "the time of day the seeds are planted", "the amount of fruit picked after dark", "the type of soil in which the crops are grown", "the number of times daily that the farmer observes the crop" ]	C	Mercury_7099348
A student investigates the effect of temperature on the distance a caterpillar travels in one minute. The student performs the investigation at four different times of day using one caterpillar. This experiment could be improved if the student	[ "uses more than one caterpillar.", "performs the investigation on a wet surface.", "uses earthworms instead of caterpillars.", "performs the investigation at the same time on four days." ]	A	Mercury_403937
A bright object with a long tail of glowing gases is in orbit around the Sun. This object is most likely	[ "a planet", "a star", "an asteroid", "a comet" ]	D	NYSEDREGENTS_2012_8_26
A hearing aid is a small device that contains an amplifier, a battery, a microphone, and a speaker. Which part of a hearing aid functions to detect sounds in the user's environment?	[ "the amplifier", "the battery", "the microphone", "the speaker" ]	C	MCAS_8_2015_17
In an experiment studying phototropism, students grew bean plants in labeled cardboard milk cartons. Afterward, the plants and soil were properly discarded. Which instruction line BEST conserves the remaining resources?	[ "recycle the markers, reuse the milk cartons", "reuse the markers, discard the milk cartons", "discard the markers, reuse the milk cartons", "reuse the markers, recycle the milk cartons" ]	D	Mercury_7228393
How are electromagnetic waves different from other waves?	[ "They have very short wavelengths.", "They transmit energy instead of matter.", "They can travel through a vacuum and through matter.", "They can change direction by reflection when they strike an object." ]	C	Mercury_415745
The Sun releases light and heat energy that cause changes on Earth. How does the Sun's energy change water?	[ "The energy makes liquid water freeze.", "The energy makes water vapor from liquid water.", "The energy makes clouds release rain.", "The energy makes water collect into puddles." ]	B	Mercury_SC_415338
In the 18th century, smallpox was a common and deadly disease. A country doctor, Edward Jenner, observed that patients working with cattle who contracted a mild disease called cowpox, never came down with the more serious smallpox. When Jenner obtained liquid from cowpox sores and injected it into healthy patients, they became immune to smallpox. What term best describes Jenner's treatment for smallpox?	[ "vaccination", "gene therapy", "chemotherapy", "genetic engineering" ]	A	Mercury_7108238
What is the name of a circuit in which the current splits at the junctions?	[ "closed circuit", "parallel circuit", "series circuit", "short circuit" ]	B	Mercury_177485
A coach is standing at the finish line of a race. He is holding a stopwatch. What is the coach most likely measuring with the stopwatch?	[ "the time of day", "the distance of the race", "the time it took to run the race", "the number of steps taken by the runners" ]	C	Mercury_SC_405120
A growing community relies on a nearby lake to provide fresh water for drinking and bathing. An increase in the use of fresh water will cause the lake to become	[ "colder", "deeper", "larger", "smaller" ]	D	MDSA_2009_8_25
Which of these senses lets Dora know when a skunk has been close to her house?	[ "Taste", "Touch", "Smell", "Hearing" ]	C	VASoL_2009_3_26
In 2001, NASA launched a probe to investigate very low-energy radiation emitted when the universe began. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this probe observe and record?	[ "infrared", "microwave", "ultraviolet", "visible" ]	B	Mercury_7264180
What electrical charge does a proton have in an atom?	[ "+2", "+1", "-1", "-2" ]	B	Mercury_7004183
Work is a product of force and distance. Which of the following is an example of work?	[ "sitting at a desk", "pushing on a wall", "riding a bike", "reading a book" ]	C	Mercury_SC_LBS10026
All of the different organisms interacting in a pond make up	[ "a community", "a population", "the water cycle", "the habitat" ]	A	NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_20
If a lake is polluted, which organisms would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?	[ "bass", "minnows", "aquatic plants", "fish-eating birds" ]	D	Mercury_407359
Sand is a type of soil that is made of very tiny pieces of material. Which process most likely forms sand?	[ "the rotation of Earth", "the growth of animals", "the decay of large trees", "the weathering of rocks" ]	D	AKDE&ED_2012_4_39
What is needed to change ice into water?	[ "air", "energy", "stirring", "chemicals" ]	B	Mercury_7034790
Stars form from nebulae of dust and gases. Depending on its properties, a star may become a red, yellow, white, or blue star. Which property determines this star type?	[ "age", "location", "mass", "shape" ]	C	Mercury_7194268
Which of these is MOST likely made from only one material?	[ "A pencil", "A bicycle", "A paper clip", "A pair of shoes" ]	C	VASoL_2008_3_21
Francis plugged a toaster into an electric outlet. He put a piece of bread in the toaster and turned the toaster on. While the toaster was on, it changed the electrical energy from the outlet into other forms of energy. Which form of energy toasted the bread?	[ "chemical", "heat", "magnetic", "sound" ]	B	MCAS_2010_5_11981
A student measured liquid with a graduated cylinder. Which of the following units could be used to record the volume of the liquid?	[ "pounds", "meters", "grams", "milliliters" ]	D	Mercury_SC_402241
Which term is an example of a life process?	[ "coloration", "camouflage", "migration", "reproduction" ]	D	NYSEDREGENTS_2013_4_23
A student divides several cubes into two groups, based on whether or not each cube can float in later. What property is the student using to classify the cubes?	[ "weight", "density", "conductivity", "mass" ]	B	CSZ40385
Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, which element is most similar to magnesium (Mg)?	[ "calcium (Ca)", "iodine (I)", "sodium (Na)", "sulfur (S)" ]	A	MDSA_2007_8_4
How do word processors on computers benefit most students?	[ "It makes them understand how to write a good story.", "It helps them gather historical information.", "It exposes them to data that is hard to find.", "It allows them to edit papers quickly." ]	D	Mercury_405469
Students observed that a diamond was able to scratch a piece of talc. What does this observation best support?	[ "Diamonds have sharp edges.", "Talc is softer than diamonds.", "Diamonds are very valuable.", "Talc and diamonds are both minerals." ]	B	Mercury_SC_402036
Which was a main force driving extensive speciation when the environment became hospitable to life after the Permian mass extinction?	[ "increase in available ecological niches", "increase of atmospheric oxygen to present levels", "increase in genetic diversity among surviving organisms", "increase in interbreeding between organisms of different species" ]	A	Mercury_7230423
Some types of bacteria can only live where oxygen is not present. These bacteria were well adapted to life on Earth over 2 billion years ago. Which of the following changes caused many of these bacteria to become extinct?	[ "the slow movement of tectonic plates", "the varying temperatures of each season", "an increase in volcanic activity under the oceans", "an increase in the number of photosynthetic organisms" ]	D	MCAS_2012_8_23649
Which two are functions of flowers?	[ "attract pollinators and make seeds", "make seeds and store food", "store food and take in water", "take in water and attract pollinators" ]	A	Mercury_SC_416135
When soil becomes saturated during rainfall, excess water begins to collect on the surface. Downslope movement of this excess water to rivers, lakes, and streams is called	[ "runoff.", "filtration.", "groundwater.", "condensation." ]	A	MEAP_2005_8_33
What type of energy is transmitted from the Sun to Earth through space?	[ "heat energy", "kinetic energy", "electrical energy", "electromagnetic energy" ]	D	Mercury_415686
What is the cause of rising surface temperatures of the Pacific Ocean, drought in the western United States, and flooding on the Pacific coast of South America?	[ "the Gulf Stream", "the jet stream", "La Niña", "El Niño" ]	D	NCEOGA_2013_5_49
Use of nuclear fuel would most likely reduce human contributions to which environmental problem?	[ "ozone thinning", "landfill creation", "shoreline erosion", "greenhouse heating" ]	D	Mercury_7027265
What unit of measure should Jerry use to report the volume of a liquid?	[ "degrees Celsius", "kilograms", "milliliters", "centimeters" ]	C	MEAP_2004_8_48
Use the information below to answer the question. Manufacturing uses many steps to change natural resources into products. Some of these steps change natural resources into industrial materials. These steps are called primary processes. All of the following are primary processes except	[ "melting iron ore.", "producing lumber.", "molding plastic.", "crushing rock into gravel." ]	C	MCAS_2001_8_9
What part of a communication system converts binary codes in a computer into recognizable characters?	[ "decoder", "encoder", "receiver", "transmitter" ]	A	MCAS_2004_9_20
Which geologic process occurs when the acid in precipitation dissolves certain types of rock?	[ "faulting", "tilting", "weathering", "erupting" ]	C	NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_27
Water evaporates mostly from	[ "land.", "snow.", "clouds.", "oceans." ]	D	Mercury_SC_400871
Robin compared the properties of some rocks. Which property did she most likely compare with a balance?	[ "density", "mass", "temperature", "volume" ]	B	Mercury_SC_408250
Because copper is a metal, it is	[ "liquid at room temperature", "nonreactive with other substances", "a poor conductor of electricity", "a good conductor of heat" ]	D	NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_36
What process makes it possible for the nutrients from organic material to be added to soil?	[ "weathering", "erosion", "decomposition", "succession" ]	C	Mercury_LBS10523
Why is it not a safe practice to place a fuel depot over an aquifer?	[ "Aquifers are too high up in the mountains.", "The weight of the depot is too great over the aquifer.", "The fumes escaping from the fuel depot are explosive.", "If the fuel leaks, the water in the aquifer will become contaminated." ]	D	Mercury_7044083
Look at the equation. 2H_{2} + O_{2} -> 2H_{2}O What does the equation show?	[ "heat being added to oxygen", "helium mixing with oxygen", "heat combining with oxygen", "hydrogen and oxygen combining" ]	D	Mercury_402144
Which statement best describes the Law of Superposition?	[ "Each sedimentary layer of rock represents 1,000 years of Earth's age, much like the rings of a tree.", "In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the upper rock layers are older than the lower rock layers.", "In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the lowest layers contain the older rocks.", "Rocks that form near volcanoes are older than surrounding rock." ]	C	NCEOGA_2013_8_49
Which object is the best conductor of electricity?	[ "glass rod", "wooden stick", "plastic straw", "metal nail" ]	D	NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_12
Green plants get the energy they need to make food from	[ "water", "air", "soil", "sunlight" ]	D	NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_20
Which property of a mineral is most likely being tested when it is scratched with a nail?	[ "color", "hardness", "cleavage", "luster" ]	B	Mercury_7068600
Ricardo has an igneous rock in his rock collection. Where did this rock most likely form?	[ "in a volcano", "on a forest floor", "on a coral reef", "at the bottom of a river" ]	A	MCAS_2004_5_14
Animals get energy from eating food that comes from plants. Plants survive by taking in substances that are released by animals. What substance do animals release that plants take in?	[ "carbon dioxide", "oxygen", "salt", "sugar" ]	A	Mercury_SC_409024
Which factor determines whether precipitation will be in the form of rain or snow?	[ "wind", "humidity", "air pressure", "temperature" ]	D	Mercury_7007928
Which of these materials transfers heat energy quickest?	[ "metal", "glass", "plastic", "wood" ]	A	Mercury_7038850
Electrical wires are coated with a rubber or plastic because these materials are good	[ "resistors.", "magnets.", "insulators.", "conductors." ]	C	Mercury_400598
An increase in which ecosystem factor could cause a population decline in a bird species?	[ "emigration", "immigration", "number of births", "amount of food" ]	A	Mercury_7239313
Twentieth-century research and development of vaccines significantly reduced the threat of	[ "polio.", "stroke.", "diabetes.", "osteoporosis." ]	A	Mercury_7011760
The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to	[ "the number of valence electrons.", "the ratio of protons to neutrons.", "how tightly atoms are packed.", "the number of neutrons in atoms." ]	A	Mercury_7008785
Modern submarines have advanced atmosphere-control systems that enable submarine crews to stay below the surface of the ocean for months at a time. Which of the following also benefits from this technology?	[ "architectural design", "pollution control", "fire prevention", "space exploration" ]	D	Mercury_180863
Which pieces of equipment would be used to measure the density of a solution?	[ "a ruler and a protractor", "a magnet and a thermometer", "a graduated cylinder and a balance", "an Erlenmeyer flask and a Bunsen burner" ]	C	Mercury_7014560
Gasoline is a nonrenewable energy resource used in most cars and trucks. Gasoline is made from which source?	[ "oil", "hydrogen", "natural gas", "water vapor" ]	A	Mercury_SC_405059
The average temperature of Earth's surface has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which of the following can best explain this increase in temperature?	[ "higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere", "lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere", "higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere", "lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere" ]	C	Mercury_179130
The Sun is the largest body in the solar system. The Sun is a ___.	[ "moon", "planet", "satellite", "star" ]	D	MCAS_2011_5_17671
Which activity is a good health habit?	[ "drinking alcohol", "exercising regularly", "sleeping only 5 hours daily", "smoking cigarettes" ]	B	NYSEDREGENTS_2013_4_14
The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to a lighter color in the winter. This allows the rabbit to blend in with its surroundings. This change is an example of	[ "extinction", "competition", "biological adaptation", "ecological succession" ]	C	NYSEDREGENTS_2012_8_6
What does a plant need to make sugar through photosynthesis?	[ "soil, water, and oxygen", "oxygen, sunlight, and soil", "carbon dioxide, sunlight, and soil", "sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide" ]	D	Mercury_SC_407227
Some birds fly south in the fall and return in the spring. This is an example of	[ "migration", "camouflage", "hibernation", "growth" ]	A	NYSEDREGENTS_2008_4_27
Which of the following is the best conductor of heat?	[ "oven mitts", "a metal bowl", "a wooden spoon", "rubber soled shoes" ]	B	Mercury_SC_401779
Some processes that shape Earth's surface are slow. Other processes are rapid. Which statement describes a rapid change?	[ "Glaciers melt and form rivers.", "Wind weathers rocks into sand.", "Earthquakes move land and rocks.", "Rivers carry sediment and build deltas." ]	C	OHAT_2008_5_30
Which characteristic best identifies a pure substance?	[ "shape", "texture", "melting point", "state of matter" ]	C	Mercury_SC_400181
Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?	[ "Jovian planets", "Halley's comet", "Milky Way galaxy", "Orion's belt" ]	C	Mercury_7222670
Which atomic structure has the greatest mass?	[ "electron", "neutron", "nucleus", "proton" ]	C	Mercury_7016328
When European settlers first came to North America, the average thickness of the top layer of soil was approximately 23 cm. Today, the average thickness of the top layer of soil is less than 15 cm. Which of the following factors has most likely had the greatest effect on erosion of the top layer of soil?	[ "farming", "restoring wetlands", "species reintroduction", "excessive groundwater use" ]	A	MEAP_2005_8_14
Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the total water on earth that is freshwater?	[ "100%", "90%", "70%", "3%" ]	D	TIMSS_2007_8_pg4
Most scientists agree that an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases entering Earth's atmosphere causes	[ "a decrease in sea level", "a decrease in average surface temperatures", "an increase in melting of polar ice caps", "an increase in crustal plate movement" ]	C	NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_34
Scientists determined that cabbages grown using Fertilizer A grew bigger than cabbages grown using Fertilizer B or no fertilizer at all. The scientists repeated the investigation and produced the same results. Which best explains the purpose of repeating this investigation?	[ "to ensure that the cabbages are safe for human consumption", "to discover the scientific principle that causes the increased growth", "to confirm that the observed differences were caused by the fertilizer", "to determine the difference between the experimental and control groups" ]	C	Mercury_7202125
When a small group of organisms colonizes a new habitat, the population may be genetically different from the parent population due to differences in allele frequencies. The process responsible for this is	[ "natural selection.", "disruptive selection.", "genetic drift.", "genetic equilibrium." ]	C	Mercury_7242900
When conducting a scientific experiment in the field, you are expected to	[ "completely clear the area.", "leave the area as you found it.", "take anything you may need later.", "destroy specimens once you have observed them." ]	B	Mercury_SC_400588
Which two behaviors best demonstrate stewardship?	[ "reducing consumption, recycling wastes", "increasing consumption, discarding wastes", "reducing consumption, discarding wastes", "increasing consumption, recycling wastes" ]	A	Mercury_7282695
Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure	[ "mass.", "density.", "volume.", "viscosity." ]	C	Mercury_7018498
Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide?	[ "I and O", "Ir and O", "Fe and O", "Pb and O" ]	C	CSZ20770
Scientists often use mathematical models and computer simulations to study systems. What is the main advantage of using these techniques for studying the spread of infectious diseases?	[ "to reduce the amount of work for all involved", "to reduce the cost of conducting experiments on people", "to obtain results quickly in a short period of time", "to perform experiments that would be irresponsible using human subjects" ]	D	Mercury_7174895
Which of these actions causes wind?	[ "rotation of Earth on its axis", "movement of air from water to land", "uneven heating of Earth's surface", "air passing Earth as it revolves around the Sun" ]	C	Mercury_SC_400375
A company wants to make a game that uses a magnet that sticks to a board. Which material should it use for the board?	[ "cardboard", "glass", "steel", "wood" ]	C	Mercury_SC_415394
Which sequence has the states of matter listed from least to greatest kinetic energy?	[ "solid -> gas -> liquid", "gas -> liquid -> solid", "liquid -> solid -> gas", "solid -> liquid -> gas" ]	D	Mercury_412693
A student is given a mixture of gravel and sand and instructed to separate them. Which tool should the student use to best complete this task?	[ "a scale and weights", "a magnet", "a sieve", "a battery and wire" ]	C	Mercury_7056665
A container is filled with 100 mL of water and placed in a freezer. The water in the container freezes at 0°C. A second container filled with 90 mL of water is placed in a second freezer. At what temperature does this second container of water freeze?	[ "-10°C", "-1°C", "0°C", "10°C" ]	C	MCAS_2003_8_26
A city is experiencing heavy smog formed by motor vehicle exhaust. Which of these weather conditions contributes most to the formation of smog?	[ "dry line", "cold front", "tropical cyclone", "temperature inversion" ]	D	Mercury_7218050
Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, affect world climate by	[ "spreading plant and animal life over a wider area.", "ensuring ocean density is not the same globally.", "carrying sediment from rivers and inland basins.", "transferring heat to and from various regions." ]	D	Mercury_7010063

Some classrooms have computers. The computer is most useful to the students because it helps them

[ "play games.", "watch movies.", "listen to music.", "find information." ]

D

Mercury_SC_405081

Which of these is an example of something being recycled?

[ "Taking glass bottles to a place that makes them into new bottles", "Using the same foil to cover food several times", "Wrapping glasses with newspaper to put them in a moving box", "Carrying lunch to school every day in the same plastic bag" ]

A

VASoL_2008_3_20

Which of the following is an example of a compound?

[ "copper", "iron", "carbon", "water" ]

D

Mercury_177345

One rabbit runs faster than other rabbits in its population. How will the ability to run fast most likely benefit the rabbit?

[ "by keeping the rabbit warmer in the winter", "by helping the rabbit blend with its environment", "by allowing the rabbit to find more sources of food", "by making it easier for the rabbit to escape from predators" ]

D

Mercury_SC_408033

What is the BEST reason for including fruits and leafy vegetables in a healthy diet?

[ "They have a high water content.", "They are the best source of protein.", "They are rich in minerals and vitamins.", "They are the best source of carbohydrates." ]

C

TIMSS_1995_8_I10

In one day, a family in a car rode for 2 hours, stopped for 3 hours, and then rode for another 5 hours. During the day, the family traveled a total distance of 400 kilometers. What was their average speed for the whole trip?

[ "10 km/h", "20 km/h", "40 km/h", "50 km/h" ]

C

Mercury_415085

A Raleigh man turned on his kitchen faucet and filled a glass with water. When he looked at the water, he thought that it might not be safe to drink, so he called the water company to find out. What factor did the man use to evaluate the safety of the water?

[ "pH", "turbidity", "nitrate concentration", "phosphate concentration" ]

B

Mercury_416550

Which of these is the main source of the electromagnetic energy we use?

[ "battery", "wind", "sun", "coal" ]

C

Mercury_7137043

Which of the following is the starting point for a new scientific investigation?

[ "identifying experimental variables", "forming a question that is the basis of a hypothesis", "conducting repeated trials and graphing the data", "writing out a procedure and collecting the needed equipment" ]

B

Mercury_7216633

All organisms depend on the transfer of energy to survive. Which best shows the energy transfer between animals in a shoreline ecosystem?

[ "Fish -> Plants -> Birds", "Plants -> Birds -> Fish", "Plants -> Fish -> Birds", "Fish -> Birds -> Plants" ]

C

Mercury_SC_408620

Which investigation might be used to demonstrate potential energy?

[ "Roll one ball toward another, and see what happens when they collide.", "Place a glass of water in the freezer, and see how long the water takes to become solid.", "Compress a spring by different amounts, and see how far it can launch a ball into the air.", "Roll a ball from the top of an inclined plane and determine the amount of time it takes to get to the bottom." ]

C

ACTAAP_2009_7_5

The fossil record shows that trees have changed throughout the years. Which of the following conclusions would be best supported by the fossil record?

[ "The environment has changed.", "Animals need leafy trees.", "Rocks can destroy trees.", "Trees give off oxygen." ]

A

Mercury_SC_406674

An agriculturalist predicts that the tomato harvest will be very good this year. Which has the greatest effect on the size of the tomato harvest?

[ "the time of day the seeds are planted", "the amount of fruit picked after dark", "the type of soil in which the crops are grown", "the number of times daily that the farmer observes the crop" ]

C

Mercury_7099348

A student investigates the effect of temperature on the distance a caterpillar travels in one minute. The student performs the investigation at four different times of day using one caterpillar. This experiment could be improved if the student

[ "uses more than one caterpillar.", "performs the investigation on a wet surface.", "uses earthworms instead of caterpillars.", "performs the investigation at the same time on four days." ]

A

Mercury_403937

A bright object with a long tail of glowing gases is in orbit around the Sun. This object is most likely

[ "a planet", "a star", "an asteroid", "a comet" ]

D

NYSEDREGENTS_2012_8_26

A hearing aid is a small device that contains an amplifier, a battery, a microphone, and a speaker. Which part of a hearing aid functions to detect sounds in the user's environment?

[ "the amplifier", "the battery", "the microphone", "the speaker" ]

C

MCAS_8_2015_17

In an experiment studying phototropism, students grew bean plants in labeled cardboard milk cartons. Afterward, the plants and soil were properly discarded. Which instruction line BEST conserves the remaining resources?

[ "recycle the markers, reuse the milk cartons", "reuse the markers, discard the milk cartons", "discard the markers, reuse the milk cartons", "reuse the markers, recycle the milk cartons" ]

D

Mercury_7228393

How are electromagnetic waves different from other waves?

[ "They have very short wavelengths.", "They transmit energy instead of matter.", "They can travel through a vacuum and through matter.", "They can change direction by reflection when they strike an object." ]

C

Mercury_415745

The Sun releases light and heat energy that cause changes on Earth. How does the Sun's energy change water?

[ "The energy makes liquid water freeze.", "The energy makes water vapor from liquid water.", "The energy makes clouds release rain.", "The energy makes water collect into puddles." ]

B

Mercury_SC_415338

In the 18th century, smallpox was a common and deadly disease. A country doctor, Edward Jenner, observed that patients working with cattle who contracted a mild disease called cowpox, never came down with the more serious smallpox. When Jenner obtained liquid from cowpox sores and injected it into healthy patients, they became immune to smallpox. What term best describes Jenner's treatment for smallpox?

[ "vaccination", "gene therapy", "chemotherapy", "genetic engineering" ]

A

Mercury_7108238

What is the name of a circuit in which the current splits at the junctions?

[ "closed circuit", "parallel circuit", "series circuit", "short circuit" ]

B

Mercury_177485

A coach is standing at the finish line of a race. He is holding a stopwatch. What is the coach most likely measuring with the stopwatch?

[ "the time of day", "the distance of the race", "the time it took to run the race", "the number of steps taken by the runners" ]

C

Mercury_SC_405120

A growing community relies on a nearby lake to provide fresh water for drinking and bathing. An increase in the use of fresh water will cause the lake to become

[ "colder", "deeper", "larger", "smaller" ]

D

MDSA_2009_8_25

Which of these senses lets Dora know when a skunk has been close to her house?

[ "Taste", "Touch", "Smell", "Hearing" ]

C

VASoL_2009_3_26

In 2001, NASA launched a probe to investigate very low-energy radiation emitted when the universe began. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this probe observe and record?

[ "infrared", "microwave", "ultraviolet", "visible" ]

B

Mercury_7264180

What electrical charge does a proton have in an atom?

[ "+2", "+1", "-1", "-2" ]

B

Mercury_7004183

Work is a product of force and distance. Which of the following is an example of work?

[ "sitting at a desk", "pushing on a wall", "riding a bike", "reading a book" ]

C

Mercury_SC_LBS10026

All of the different organisms interacting in a pond make up

[ "a community", "a population", "the water cycle", "the habitat" ]

A

NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_20

If a lake is polluted, which organisms would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?

[ "bass", "minnows", "aquatic plants", "fish-eating birds" ]

D

Mercury_407359

Sand is a type of soil that is made of very tiny pieces of material. Which process most likely forms sand?

[ "the rotation of Earth", "the growth of animals", "the decay of large trees", "the weathering of rocks" ]

D

AKDE&ED_2012_4_39

What is needed to change ice into water?

[ "air", "energy", "stirring", "chemicals" ]

B

Mercury_7034790

Stars form from nebulae of dust and gases. Depending on its properties, a star may become a red, yellow, white, or blue star. Which property determines this star type?

[ "age", "location", "mass", "shape" ]

C

Mercury_7194268

Which of these is MOST likely made from only one material?

[ "A pencil", "A bicycle", "A paper clip", "A pair of shoes" ]

C

VASoL_2008_3_21

Francis plugged a toaster into an electric outlet. He put a piece of bread in the toaster and turned the toaster on. While the toaster was on, it changed the electrical energy from the outlet into other forms of energy. Which form of energy toasted the bread?

[ "chemical", "heat", "magnetic", "sound" ]

B

MCAS_2010_5_11981

A student measured liquid with a graduated cylinder. Which of the following units could be used to record the volume of the liquid?

[ "pounds", "meters", "grams", "milliliters" ]

D

Mercury_SC_402241

Which term is an example of a life process?

[ "coloration", "camouflage", "migration", "reproduction" ]

D

NYSEDREGENTS_2013_4_23

A student divides several cubes into two groups, based on whether or not each cube can float in later. What property is the student using to classify the cubes?

[ "weight", "density", "conductivity", "mass" ]

B

CSZ40385

Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, which element is most similar to magnesium (Mg)?

[ "calcium (Ca)", "iodine (I)", "sodium (Na)", "sulfur (S)" ]

A

MDSA_2007_8_4

How do word processors on computers benefit most students?

[ "It makes them understand how to write a good story.", "It helps them gather historical information.", "It exposes them to data that is hard to find.", "It allows them to edit papers quickly." ]

D

Mercury_405469

Students observed that a diamond was able to scratch a piece of talc. What does this observation best support?

[ "Diamonds have sharp edges.", "Talc is softer than diamonds.", "Diamonds are very valuable.", "Talc and diamonds are both minerals." ]

B

Mercury_SC_402036

Which was a main force driving extensive speciation when the environment became hospitable to life after the Permian mass extinction?

[ "increase in available ecological niches", "increase of atmospheric oxygen to present levels", "increase in genetic diversity among surviving organisms", "increase in interbreeding between organisms of different species" ]

A

Mercury_7230423

Some types of bacteria can only live where oxygen is not present. These bacteria were well adapted to life on Earth over 2 billion years ago. Which of the following changes caused many of these bacteria to become extinct?

[ "the slow movement of tectonic plates", "the varying temperatures of each season", "an increase in volcanic activity under the oceans", "an increase in the number of photosynthetic organisms" ]

D

MCAS_2012_8_23649

Which two are functions of flowers?

[ "attract pollinators and make seeds", "make seeds and store food", "store food and take in water", "take in water and attract pollinators" ]

A

Mercury_SC_416135

When soil becomes saturated during rainfall, excess water begins to collect on the surface. Downslope movement of this excess water to rivers, lakes, and streams is called

[ "runoff.", "filtration.", "groundwater.", "condensation." ]

A

MEAP_2005_8_33

What type of energy is transmitted from the Sun to Earth through space?

[ "heat energy", "kinetic energy", "electrical energy", "electromagnetic energy" ]

D

Mercury_415686

What is the cause of rising surface temperatures of the Pacific Ocean, drought in the western United States, and flooding on the Pacific coast of South America?

[ "the Gulf Stream", "the jet stream", "La Niña", "El Niño" ]

D

NCEOGA_2013_5_49

Use of nuclear fuel would most likely reduce human contributions to which environmental problem?

[ "ozone thinning", "landfill creation", "shoreline erosion", "greenhouse heating" ]

D

Mercury_7027265

What unit of measure should Jerry use to report the volume of a liquid?

[ "degrees Celsius", "kilograms", "milliliters", "centimeters" ]

C

MEAP_2004_8_48

Use the information below to answer the question. Manufacturing uses many steps to change natural resources into products. Some of these steps change natural resources into industrial materials. These steps are called primary processes. All of the following are primary processes except

[ "melting iron ore.", "producing lumber.", "molding plastic.", "crushing rock into gravel." ]

C

MCAS_2001_8_9

What part of a communication system converts binary codes in a computer into recognizable characters?

[ "decoder", "encoder", "receiver", "transmitter" ]

A

MCAS_2004_9_20

Which geologic process occurs when the acid in precipitation dissolves certain types of rock?

[ "faulting", "tilting", "weathering", "erupting" ]

C

NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_27

Water evaporates mostly from

[ "land.", "snow.", "clouds.", "oceans." ]

D

Mercury_SC_400871

Robin compared the properties of some rocks. Which property did she most likely compare with a balance?

[ "density", "mass", "temperature", "volume" ]

B

Mercury_SC_408250

Because copper is a metal, it is

[ "liquid at room temperature", "nonreactive with other substances", "a poor conductor of electricity", "a good conductor of heat" ]

D

NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_36

What process makes it possible for the nutrients from organic material to be added to soil?

[ "weathering", "erosion", "decomposition", "succession" ]

C

Mercury_LBS10523

Why is it not a safe practice to place a fuel depot over an aquifer?

[ "Aquifers are too high up in the mountains.", "The weight of the depot is too great over the aquifer.", "The fumes escaping from the fuel depot are explosive.", "If the fuel leaks, the water in the aquifer will become contaminated." ]

D

Mercury_7044083

Look at the equation. 2H_{2} + O_{2} -> 2H_{2}O What does the equation show?

[ "heat being added to oxygen", "helium mixing with oxygen", "heat combining with oxygen", "hydrogen and oxygen combining" ]

D

Mercury_402144

Which statement best describes the Law of Superposition?

[ "Each sedimentary layer of rock represents 1,000 years of Earth's age, much like the rings of a tree.", "In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the upper rock layers are older than the lower rock layers.", "In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the lowest layers contain the older rocks.", "Rocks that form near volcanoes are older than surrounding rock." ]

C

NCEOGA_2013_8_49

Which object is the best conductor of electricity?

[ "glass rod", "wooden stick", "plastic straw", "metal nail" ]

D

NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_12

Green plants get the energy they need to make food from

[ "water", "air", "soil", "sunlight" ]

D

NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_20

Which property of a mineral is most likely being tested when it is scratched with a nail?

[ "color", "hardness", "cleavage", "luster" ]

B

Mercury_7068600

Ricardo has an igneous rock in his rock collection. Where did this rock most likely form?

[ "in a volcano", "on a forest floor", "on a coral reef", "at the bottom of a river" ]

A

MCAS_2004_5_14

Animals get energy from eating food that comes from plants. Plants survive by taking in substances that are released by animals. What substance do animals release that plants take in?

[ "carbon dioxide", "oxygen", "salt", "sugar" ]

A

Mercury_SC_409024

Which factor determines whether precipitation will be in the form of rain or snow?

[ "wind", "humidity", "air pressure", "temperature" ]

D

Mercury_7007928

Which of these materials transfers heat energy quickest?

[ "metal", "glass", "plastic", "wood" ]

A

Mercury_7038850

Electrical wires are coated with a rubber or plastic because these materials are good

[ "resistors.", "magnets.", "insulators.", "conductors." ]

C

Mercury_400598

An increase in which ecosystem factor could cause a population decline in a bird species?

[ "emigration", "immigration", "number of births", "amount of food" ]

A

Mercury_7239313

Twentieth-century research and development of vaccines significantly reduced the threat of

[ "polio.", "stroke.", "diabetes.", "osteoporosis." ]

A

Mercury_7011760

The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to

[ "the number of valence electrons.", "the ratio of protons to neutrons.", "how tightly atoms are packed.", "the number of neutrons in atoms." ]

A

Mercury_7008785

Modern submarines have advanced atmosphere-control systems that enable submarine crews to stay below the surface of the ocean for months at a time. Which of the following also benefits from this technology?

[ "architectural design", "pollution control", "fire prevention", "space exploration" ]

D

Mercury_180863

Which pieces of equipment would be used to measure the density of a solution?

[ "a ruler and a protractor", "a magnet and a thermometer", "a graduated cylinder and a balance", "an Erlenmeyer flask and a Bunsen burner" ]

C

Mercury_7014560

Gasoline is a nonrenewable energy resource used in most cars and trucks. Gasoline is made from which source?

[ "oil", "hydrogen", "natural gas", "water vapor" ]

A

Mercury_SC_405059

The average temperature of Earth's surface has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which of the following can best explain this increase in temperature?

[ "higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere", "lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere", "higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere", "lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere" ]

C

Mercury_179130

The Sun is the largest body in the solar system. The Sun is a ___.

[ "moon", "planet", "satellite", "star" ]

D

MCAS_2011_5_17671

Which activity is a good health habit?

[ "drinking alcohol", "exercising regularly", "sleeping only 5 hours daily", "smoking cigarettes" ]

B

NYSEDREGENTS_2013_4_14

The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to a lighter color in the winter. This allows the rabbit to blend in with its surroundings. This change is an example of

[ "extinction", "competition", "biological adaptation", "ecological succession" ]

C

NYSEDREGENTS_2012_8_6

What does a plant need to make sugar through photosynthesis?

[ "soil, water, and oxygen", "oxygen, sunlight, and soil", "carbon dioxide, sunlight, and soil", "sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide" ]

D

Mercury_SC_407227

Some birds fly south in the fall and return in the spring. This is an example of

[ "migration", "camouflage", "hibernation", "growth" ]

A

NYSEDREGENTS_2008_4_27

Which of the following is the best conductor of heat?

[ "oven mitts", "a metal bowl", "a wooden spoon", "rubber soled shoes" ]

B

Mercury_SC_401779

Some processes that shape Earth's surface are slow. Other processes are rapid. Which statement describes a rapid change?

[ "Glaciers melt and form rivers.", "Wind weathers rocks into sand.", "Earthquakes move land and rocks.", "Rivers carry sediment and build deltas." ]

C

OHAT_2008_5_30

Which characteristic best identifies a pure substance?

[ "shape", "texture", "melting point", "state of matter" ]

C

Mercury_SC_400181

Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?

[ "Jovian planets", "Halley's comet", "Milky Way galaxy", "Orion's belt" ]

C

Mercury_7222670

Which atomic structure has the greatest mass?

[ "electron", "neutron", "nucleus", "proton" ]

C

Mercury_7016328

When European settlers first came to North America, the average thickness of the top layer of soil was approximately 23 cm. Today, the average thickness of the top layer of soil is less than 15 cm. Which of the following factors has most likely had the greatest effect on erosion of the top layer of soil?

[ "farming", "restoring wetlands", "species reintroduction", "excessive groundwater use" ]

A

MEAP_2005_8_14

Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the total water on earth that is freshwater?

[ "100%", "90%", "70%", "3%" ]

D

TIMSS_2007_8_pg4

Most scientists agree that an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases entering Earth's atmosphere causes

[ "a decrease in sea level", "a decrease in average surface temperatures", "an increase in melting of polar ice caps", "an increase in crustal plate movement" ]

C

NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_34

Scientists determined that cabbages grown using Fertilizer A grew bigger than cabbages grown using Fertilizer B or no fertilizer at all. The scientists repeated the investigation and produced the same results. Which best explains the purpose of repeating this investigation?

[ "to ensure that the cabbages are safe for human consumption", "to discover the scientific principle that causes the increased growth", "to confirm that the observed differences were caused by the fertilizer", "to determine the difference between the experimental and control groups" ]

C

Mercury_7202125

When a small group of organisms colonizes a new habitat, the population may be genetically different from the parent population due to differences in allele frequencies. The process responsible for this is

[ "natural selection.", "disruptive selection.", "genetic drift.", "genetic equilibrium." ]

C

Mercury_7242900

When conducting a scientific experiment in the field, you are expected to

[ "completely clear the area.", "leave the area as you found it.", "take anything you may need later.", "destroy specimens once you have observed them." ]

B

Mercury_SC_400588

Which two behaviors best demonstrate stewardship?

[ "reducing consumption, recycling wastes", "increasing consumption, discarding wastes", "reducing consumption, discarding wastes", "increasing consumption, recycling wastes" ]

A

Mercury_7282695

Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure

[ "mass.", "density.", "volume.", "viscosity." ]

C

Mercury_7018498

Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide?

[ "I and O", "Ir and O", "Fe and O", "Pb and O" ]

C

CSZ20770

Scientists often use mathematical models and computer simulations to study systems. What is the main advantage of using these techniques for studying the spread of infectious diseases?

[ "to reduce the amount of work for all involved", "to reduce the cost of conducting experiments on people", "to obtain results quickly in a short period of time", "to perform experiments that would be irresponsible using human subjects" ]

D

Mercury_7174895

Which of these actions causes wind?

[ "rotation of Earth on its axis", "movement of air from water to land", "uneven heating of Earth's surface", "air passing Earth as it revolves around the Sun" ]

C

Mercury_SC_400375

A company wants to make a game that uses a magnet that sticks to a board. Which material should it use for the board?

[ "cardboard", "glass", "steel", "wood" ]

C

Mercury_SC_415394

Which sequence has the states of matter listed from least to greatest kinetic energy?

[ "solid -> gas -> liquid", "gas -> liquid -> solid", "liquid -> solid -> gas", "solid -> liquid -> gas" ]

D

Mercury_412693

A student is given a mixture of gravel and sand and instructed to separate them. Which tool should the student use to best complete this task?

[ "a scale and weights", "a magnet", "a sieve", "a battery and wire" ]

C

Mercury_7056665

A container is filled with 100 mL of water and placed in a freezer. The water in the container freezes at 0°C. A second container filled with 90 mL of water is placed in a second freezer. At what temperature does this second container of water freeze?

[ "-10°C", "-1°C", "0°C", "10°C" ]

C

MCAS_2003_8_26

A city is experiencing heavy smog formed by motor vehicle exhaust. Which of these weather conditions contributes most to the formation of smog?

[ "dry line", "cold front", "tropical cyclone", "temperature inversion" ]

D

Mercury_7218050

Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, affect world climate by

[ "spreading plant and animal life over a wider area.", "ensuring ocean density is not the same globally.", "carrying sediment from rivers and inland basins.", "transferring heat to and from various regions." ]

D

Mercury_7010063