Blinorot/arc_easy_formatted · Datasets at Hugging Face

question stringlengths 18 758	choices listlengths 4 4	answer stringclasses 4 values	id stringlengths 8 22
Which is an effect that cities have on the weather?	[ "Small numbers of plants cause rain to fall more often.", "Large numbers of houses cause the wind to be stronger.", "Small areas of open water cause fog to be more common.", "Large areas of pavement cause the temperature to be hotter." ]	D	ACTAAP_2010_7_17
A "shooting star" is	[ "a comet.", "a meteor.", "an asteroid.", "a small star." ]	B	Mercury_7008155
Which type of organism converts wastes and dead materials into nutrients that can be used by plants?	[ "carnivore", "herbivore", "decomposer", "producer" ]	C	NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_19
Biochemical reactions that require high temperatures to proceed are able to take place at body temperature within the cells of living organisms. Which factor is mainly responsible for allowing biochemical reactions to proceed at body temperature?	[ "The cellular enzymes act as catalysts.", "The small size of cells keeps reactants together.", "The pH of the cytoplasm increases reaction rate.", "The reactants are present in small quantities in the cell." ]	A	Mercury_7148208
Which statement best compares gravity on the Moon to gravity on Earth?	[ "Gravity on the Moon is greater because it is closer to the Sun.", "Gravity on the Moon is less because it is smaller than the Earth.", "Gravity on the Moon is less because it has less atmosphere than the Earth.", "Gravity on the Moon is greater because it has less mass than the Earth." ]	B	Mercury_SC_400709
An enclosed 20 mL metal cylinder was filled with a gas sample at room temperature. The sample then was transferred to an empty 40 mL enclosed container, also at room temperature. After being transferred, the volume of the gas was	[ "10 mL.", "20 mL.", "30 mL.", "40 mL." ]	D	Mercury_412755
Melting, boiling, and freezing are examples of	[ "physical changes.", "chemical changes.", "magnetic changes.", "electrical changes." ]	A	Mercury_SC_401331
There is a shadow under a tree. Which form of energy must be present for the shadow to occur?	[ "heat", "light", "sound", "mechanical" ]	B	NYSEDREGENTS_2013_4_3
Seismometers measure quick changes that happen in the crust of our planet. Which of the following is a seismometer used to measure?	[ "earthquake", "erosion", "flooding", "weathering" ]	A	Mercury_SC_413002
In some lakes, excessive blooms of algae appear when human activity causes degradation of water quality resulting in conditions more favorable for algae growth. Which human activity primarily causes this problem?	[ "mining", "farming", "transportation", "manufacturing" ]	B	Mercury_7042630
Drake has started a garden. What can Drake do to enrich the soil so that his plants will grow better?	[ "remove earthworms", "add more water to the soil", "increase the amount of pesticide he uses", "mix decomposed plant matter into the soil" ]	D	MCAS_2003_5_10
Which of these objects will rust?	[ "wood chips", "plastic straws", "iron nails", "glass beads" ]	C	TIMSS_2007_4_pg105
Which color baseball cap would absorb the most light on a sunny day?	[ "pink", "black", "white", "yellow" ]	B	NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_13
Which body systems are most involved in the response when someone stubs his or her toe?	[ "nervous and muscle", "muscle and endocrine", "nervous and digestive", "reproductive and circulatory" ]	A	Mercury_7024203
Which part of a sound wave measures loudness?	[ "wavelength", "magnitude", "amplitude", "frequency" ]	C	Mercury_7007543
Neurons respond to stimuli and transmit impulses to coordinate body functions. Which of these indicates the rapid change in the membrane potential when a neuron is stimulated?	[ "action potential", "resting potential", "refractory period", "threshold period" ]	A	Mercury_7241255
Materials that let electrons flow very easily from one atom to another	[ "are called insulators.", "are called conductors.", "are called non-metals.", "are called resistors." ]	B	Mercury_7222408
Which is the most important safety measure to follow when using an acid in a classroom laboratory?	[ "wearing protective clothing and goggles", "keeping the window open", "closing the door to the hall", "using bright fluorescent lights" ]	A	Mercury_7016240
In a deep valley on Earth, a person shouting will hear an echo as the sound is reflected back off the surrounding mountains. In a similar valley on the Moon, no echo will be heard. This is because	[ "the gravitational pull on the Moon is too low", "the temperature on the Moon is too low", "there is no air on the Moon for the sound to travel through", "the mountains on the Moon cannot reflect sound" ]	C	TIMSS_2007_8_pg57
The motion of a car accelerating in a straight line differs from the motion of a car moving in a straight line at a constant speed. Which change best describes acceleration of a car?	[ "a change in the direction of the car", "a change in the distance the car travels", "the change in velocity divided by the time for that change", "the change in the time for the car to travel a distance" ]	C	MDSA_2007_8_23
During which time of day are the highest temperatures most often recorded?	[ "sunset", "afternoon", "sunrise", "night" ]	B	MEA_2016_5_3
When butterfly eggs hatch, the young are called ___.	[ "worms", "cocoons", "caterpillars", "little butterflies" ]	C	MEAP_2005_5_16
Louis Pasteur's work in the nineteenth century on pasteurization greatly improved	[ "the quality of food.", "the prediction of weather.", "the availability of medication.", "the effectiveness of vaccinations." ]	A	Mercury_7009818
An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?	[ "by burrowing under the soil", "by crawling around in the pan", "by staying where it was placed", "by trying to crawl out of the pan" ]	A	MCAS_2004_5_22
What is the liquid layer of Earth that lies beneath the mantle?	[ "inner core", "outer core", "mesosphere", "asthenosphere" ]	B	ACTAAP_2007_7_27
Many natural resources are found in Maryland and the surrounding area. Some of these natural resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable. People use both kinds of resources in daily activities. Using natural resources often produces waste products. Burning fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and gasoline produces pollution. Which type of pollution is most often produced by burning fossil fuels?	[ "air pollution", "land pollution", "noise pollution", "water pollution" ]	A	MDSA_2008_5_25
When a bird sings, it is most likely singing in order to	[ "frighten away other types of birds", "mark the bird's territory against the same type of bird", "attract insects", "wake up other animals" ]	B	TIMSS_1995_8_L5
Coal is used for generating about 53% of the electrical energy in the United States. Which of these environmental issues is directly contributed to by the burning of coal?	[ "beach erosion", "ozone depletion", "overfishing", "air pollution" ]	D	Mercury_7217438
Which term correctly describes all of the following materials? salt water, vinegar, bronze, air, beach sand	[ "compounds", "mixtures", "solutions", "elements" ]	B	Mercury_411809
Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly?	[ "The death rate was greater than the birth rate.", "There was unlimited food for the moose to eat.", "The birth rate was constant and few moose died.", "There were no predators to control the population." ]	D	Mercury_7188213
Which is a characteristic Earth and the Moon have in common?	[ "seas", "craters", "thunderstorms", "atmosphere" ]	B	Mercury_SC_401800
As Bobby entered a dark room, he pushed the switch on the wall to turn on the light. What makes the light turn on when Bobby pushes the switch?	[ "electricity", "friction", "gravity", "magnetism" ]	A	Mercury_SC_406273
Which human organ system eliminates liquid and gaseous wastes from the body?	[ "circulatory", "endocrine", "excretory", "reproductive" ]	C	NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_7
When visiting the beach, Felicity observed that a breeze blew in from the ocean during the day and out toward the ocean at night. Which factor is most responsible for the direction of land and sea breezes in coastal regions?	[ "the revolution of Earth around the Sun", "the uneven heating between the land and water", "the gravitational pull of Earth on the atmosphere", "the daily rise and fall of tides in a regular pattern" ]	B	Mercury_7174668
Which pathway do most nutrients take after a person takes a bite of food?	[ "digestive system -> circulatory system -> body cells", "circulatory system -> body cells -> digestive system", "digestive system -> body cells -> circulatory system", "circulatory system -> digestive system -> body cells" ]	A	NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_16
Sound reaches our ears because sound makes air particles	[ "heat up.", "cool down.", "slow down.", "vibrate." ]	D	MCAS_2005_5_33
Which event is an example of conduction?	[ "Sunlight travels from the Sun to warm Earth.", "Boiling water in a pot warms a spoon inside the pot.", "A fire in a fireplace warms the air in a room.", "Cold water is heated in a microwave oven." ]	B	Mercury_7056648
Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?	[ "mechanical", "chemical", "nuclear", "electrical" ]	A	NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_43
Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?	[ "During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.", "During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.", "During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the amount of precipitation.", "During convection, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the amount of precipitation." ]	B	AKDE&ED_2008_8_50
What is the smallest part of a gold ring that is still gold?	[ "an atom", "an electron", "a molecule", "a compound" ]	A	Mercury_7205363
Which tool should a carpenter use to measure the length of a wooden board?	[ "balance", "meter stick", "thermometer", "graduated cylinder" ]	B	Mercury_SC_407507
If an ecosystem's balance is disturbed by a volcanic eruption, what will most likely occur?	[ "The ecosystem will not change from its original state.", "The ecosystem will eventually become balanced again.", "The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to consume carbon dioxide.", "The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to produce more oxygen." ]	B	NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_23
One example of a trait passed from a parent plant to its offspring is ___.	[ "the amount of water in the plant's environment", "the amount of sunlight shining on the plant", "the color of the flowers on the plant", "the nutrients in the soil where the plant grows" ]	C	TAKS_2009_5_20
Many organisms have structures for protection and survival. Which structure is most similar to tree bark?	[ "bird beak", "bear claws", "human skin", "snake fangs" ]	C	MDSA_2010_8_8
The human respiratory system is responsible for removing	[ "fat from cells", "carbon dioxide from blood", "hormones from glands", "nutrients from food" ]	B	NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_13
Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that	[ "destroy microbes", "recycle nutrients", "allow locomotion", "coordinate movement" ]	A	NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_8
Which two forms of energy could best be used to increase the temperature of a sheet of copper?	[ "heat and light", "heat and sound", "light and magnetism", "electricity and sound" ]	A	MCAS_2011_5_10
Which gas is the most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?	[ "oxygen", "nitrogen", "water vapor", "carbon dioxide" ]	B	ACTAAP_2014_7_10
Which best explains why stars seen in the night sky are less bright than the Sun?	[ "Other stars are farther from Earth than the Sun.", "Other stars are facing away from Earth.", "Other stars are smaller than the Sun.", "Other stars are producing less light." ]	A	Mercury_SC_408435
A scientist observed that the loss of plants near a stream resulted in more soil being washed downstream. How will the excess soil that travels downstream reduce biodiversity?	[ "It will destroy the fish habitat.", "It will provide nutrients to algae.", "It will change the water temperature.", "It will introduce an invasive species." ]	A	Mercury_7245788
When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, the shadow causes a	[ "high tide", "low tide", "lunar eclipse", "Moon phase" ]	C	NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_25
A class conducts an experiment to determine the best color to paint a solar water heater that they plan to build. For their experimental test, the students have four identical cans. They paint one black, one green, one red, and one white. Each can is filled with 500 mL of 22°C water, and is allowed to sit in the sun for two hours. Which color can will have the greatest increase in water temperature?	[ "black", "green", "red", "white" ]	A	MCAS_2004_8_20
Which of these properties of water has the greatest effect on the water cycle?	[ "neutral pH", "freezing and boiling points", "dissolves many substances", "forms six-sided crystals" ]	B	Mercury_7207463
What causes day and night on Earth?	[ "tilting of Earth's axis", "rotation of Earth on its axis", "movement of Earth around the sun", "movement of the sun around Earth" ]	B	OHAT_2007_5_40
Which process is an example of a physical change?	[ "wood burning", "iron rusting", "ice melting", "milk souring" ]	C	NYSEDREGENTS_2008_8_33
The water cycle requires energy. The main source of energy for the water cycle is	[ "wind", "gravity", "the sun", "the moon" ]	C	MSA_2012_5_13
Which of these is the fundamental unit of life?	[ "system", "organ", "tissue", "cell" ]	D	Mercury_7211015
Which would be the most important to consider when selecting material for the walls and ceiling of a concert hall?	[ "chemical properties", "mechanical properties", "thermal properties", "acoustical properties" ]	D	MCAS_1999_8_17
When microorganisms deplete the oxygen in soil through respiration, the soil becomes	[ "humus.", "anaerobic.", "compost.", "aerobic." ]	B	Mercury_7071978
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency responsible for the space program in the United States. What was the goal of NASA's Apollo program?	[ "to search for life on planets other than Earth", "to land on a planet in another solar system", "to determine the composition the Sun", "to send a human to land on the Moon" ]	D	Mercury_414500
A lack of control in the muscular system is most likely related to a problem in what other organ system?	[ "nervous", "immune", "excretory", "digestive" ]	A	Mercury_7014000
The Russian thistle, commonly known as the tumbleweed, is a big, round plant with many branches and short, stiff leaves. This plant spreads a large number of seeds when it breaks off from its stalk. The thistle is most likely found in what kind of environment?	[ "swamp", "prairie", "forest", "tundra" ]	B	Mercury_SC_400224
Scientists find dinosaur fossils in the bottom rock layers of a cliff and mammal fossils in the middle rock layer of the cliff. Which could best be concluded from this evidence?	[ "Dinosaurs ate plants.", "Dinosaurs were eaten by the mammals.", "Dinosaurs lived on Earth before the mammals.", "Dinosaurs and mammals lived at the same time." ]	C	NCEOGA_2013_8_29
Joyce put 200 milliliters of water in a beaker, put a thermometer in it, and heated it until it started to boil. She recorded a temperature of 100°C when it started to boil. She repeated the process with 400 milliliters of water. What would be the temperature when the second sample started to boil?	[ "twice as high as the first sample's", "slightly higher than the first sample's", "half as high as the first sample's", "the same as the first sample's" ]	D	LEAP_2002_8_10389
A student wrote the following claim on a homework assignment: "Eukaryotic cells need more lipids than prokaryotic cells." Which statement below provides the BEST support for her claim?	[ "Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.", "Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms.", "Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.", "Eukaryotic cells perform cellular respiration." ]	C	Mercury_416507
A black bear eats many different things, including grasses, roots, and berries. It also eats insects, fish, and other small animals. Which of these BEST describes a black bear?	[ "Omnivore", "Carnivore", "Herbivore", "Producer" ]	A	VASoL_2008_3_35
A student finds a beaker with a chip in the rim. What should he do with the beaker?	[ "use it and then dispose of it", "use it and then return it to where he got it", "dispose of the beaker and get a new one", "put it back where he found it and get a new one" ]	C	Mercury_7010798
The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the	[ "valence.", "mass number.", "chemical property.", "electrical charge." ]	B	Mercury_7018078
In which of the following are nutrients directly absorbed from the bloodstream?	[ "cell", "organ", "organisms", "tissue" ]	A	Mercury_7141278
Making aluminum cans from recycled materials instead of raw materials is a wise choice because it	[ "saves time.", "saves trees.", "creates energy.", "reduces pollution." ]	D	Mercury_SC_400988
What happens to climate and weather over a summer?	[ "Weather varies more than climate.", "Climate varies more than weather.", "Climate varies, but weather stays the same.", "Weather and climate vary to the same degree." ]	A	Mercury_SC_415415
A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?	[ "The air heating the sidewalk", "The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air", "The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt", "The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air" ]	D	NAEP_2009_4_S7+6
Which trait gives owls an advantage when hunting at night?	[ "large eyes", "broad wings", "straight beak", "smooth feathers" ]	A	Mercury_SC_401296
Wood is considered a renewable resource because	[ "oxygen is released by trees.", "trees can be replanted.", "there are many varieties of trees.", "trees are used for many purposes." ]	B	Mercury_SC_400406
Which event is an example of a chemical change?	[ "fog rising off a river", "wood burning in a fireplace", "ice cream melting in the sunshine", "grinding peppercorn into pepper flakes" ]	B	Mercury_7023275
Oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs to the heart. Which two systems are most directly involved in this process?	[ "excretory and digestive", "circulatory and excretory", "digestive and respiratory", "respiratory and circulatory" ]	D	Mercury_SC_405020
From simplest to most complicated, how are multicellular organisms organized?	[ "organ system, organ, cell, tissue", "organ, tissue, cell, organ system", "tissue, cell, organ system, organ", "cell, tissue, organ, organ system" ]	D	Mercury_405940
A student wants to find out whether storms with lightning produce more rain than storms without lightning. Which is the best way to answer this question?	[ "average the amount of rain that fell during a lightning storm", "count number of lightning strikes during a one-hour period", "record rainfall amounts in storms with and without lightning", "calculate the number of fires that are caused by lightning strikes" ]	C	Mercury_SC_405734
How many different elements are in the 20 compound sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?	[ "1", "3", "6", "7" ]	B	MCAS_2005_8_20
In a lab, a bacterial strain shows resistance to an antibiotic. The presence of the antibiotic allows an existing variant within the genetic code to help the bacteria survive. The resistance of bacteria due to an existing genetic variant can be best described as which process?	[ "natural selection", "selective breeding", "asexual reproduction", "behavioral adaptation" ]	A	Mercury_7197960
Which of the following is NOT a mixture?	[ "Smoke", "Sugar", "Milk", "Paint" ]	B	TIMSS_2003_8_pg57
Which two properties of a crayon will stay about the same after the crayon is melted?	[ "Shape and physical state", "Temperature and hardness", "Color and mass", "Thickness and texture" ]	C	TAKS_2009_5_29
Which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth, development, and reproduction?	[ "circulatory", "digestive", "nervous", "endocrine" ]	D	NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_8
As some organisms die, their remains become buried by mud and are eventually compressed into a type of rock. Which of these is a rock type that forms from this process?	[ "igneous", "sedimentary", "magma", "metamorphic" ]	B	Mercury_7219030
Based on the organization of living things, tissues	[ "form systems.", "are made of cells.", "are made of organs.", "do the work of cells." ]	B	Mercury_7141890
Which body system is directly threatened when bacteria infect the lungs?	[ "muscular", "nervous", "respiratory", "excretory" ]	C	Mercury_7075215
Where do good bacteria grow to help keep people healthy?	[ "in the brain", "in the blood", "on the skin", "on the bones" ]	C	Mercury_SC_416173
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. The first known human cases AIDS were in Africa in the late 1950s. Since then, tens of millions of people have died from the disease, and tens of millions more people all over the world are infected. Which term best describes the disease AIDS?	[ "isolated cases", "outbreak", "epidemic", "pandemic" ]	D	Mercury_7283885
7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?	[ "the rotation of Earth", "the direction of the wind", "the pull of Earth's gravity", "the movement of plates on Earth's crust" ]	D	MCAS_1998_4_7
Which phenomena occur as a result of the gravitational attraction between the moon and Earth?	[ "eclipses", "ocean tides", "seasonal changes", "phases of the moon" ]	B	OHAT_2007_8_42
Which statement best describes how the circulatory system and respiratory system can work together?	[ "Toxins are removed from the bloodstream by the liver.", "The stomach signals for the production of gastric juices.", "Food molecules are transported to the organs of the body.", "Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood vessels." ]	D	AKDE&ED_2012_8_7
Animals depend on plants for many things, including food. What do plants depend on from animals?	[ "energy for photosynthesis", "pest control", "carbon dioxide", "oxygen" ]	C	Mercury_LBS10993
Less force is required to launch a spaceship from the surface of the Moon than to launch an identical ship from the surface of Earth because	[ "the Moon has a smaller surface area than Earth.", "the mass of an object on Earth is greater than on the Moon.", "the gravitational field of the Moon is less than that of Earth.", "the atmosphere of the Moon is much thinner than that of Earth." ]	C	Mercury_7084018
Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened?	[ "an earthquake", "a landslide", "a volcano", "an avalanche" ]	A	Mercury_SC_415399
Which of these were formed by glaciers that flowed through the Ruby Mountain region in northeastern Nevada?	[ "lakes", "deserts", "volcanic necks", "V-shaped valleys" ]	A	Mercury_7071803
A student prepared the following list of characteristics about a cellular organelle. present in animal cells present in plant cells helps make energy available to the cell Which of the following cellular structures is the student describing?	[ "cell wall", "chloroplast", "mitochondrion", "nucleus" ]	C	MCAS_2011_8_17683
Brian knows deserts get less rain than other ecosystems. However, he also knows that plants can survive in the desert. Which characteristic of a plant most likely helps it live in a desert?	[ "the ability to store water", "the ability to attract insects", "the ability to stop predators", "the ability to drop its leaves" ]	A	Mercury_SC_408439
After a volcanic eruption, it takes a long time for large ecosystems to fully recover. Which statement best explains why the development takes so long?	[ "Space is limited for growth.", "The quality of light is low.", "Soil must be created.", "Minerals are destroyed." ]	C	Mercury_7115290
The atomic number of an element refers to the number of	[ "electrons in the outer shell.", "neutrons in the outer shell.", "electrons in the nucleus.", "protons in the nucleus." ]	D	Mercury_7007613
In an ecosystem, not all of the energy that is available is used by the organisms. Some energy becomes unavailable before it can be transferred to organisms in the next trophic level. How does the energy most likely become unavailable?	[ "The energy is stored as food.", "The energy is dissipated as heat.", "The energy is trapped in dead organisms.", "The energy is moved to another ecosystem." ]	B	Mercury_7161298

Which is an effect that cities have on the weather?

[ "Small numbers of plants cause rain to fall more often.", "Large numbers of houses cause the wind to be stronger.", "Small areas of open water cause fog to be more common.", "Large areas of pavement cause the temperature to be hotter." ]

D

ACTAAP_2010_7_17

A "shooting star" is

[ "a comet.", "a meteor.", "an asteroid.", "a small star." ]

B

Mercury_7008155

Which type of organism converts wastes and dead materials into nutrients that can be used by plants?

[ "carnivore", "herbivore", "decomposer", "producer" ]

C

NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_19

Biochemical reactions that require high temperatures to proceed are able to take place at body temperature within the cells of living organisms. Which factor is mainly responsible for allowing biochemical reactions to proceed at body temperature?

[ "The cellular enzymes act as catalysts.", "The small size of cells keeps reactants together.", "The pH of the cytoplasm increases reaction rate.", "The reactants are present in small quantities in the cell." ]

A

Mercury_7148208

Which statement best compares gravity on the Moon to gravity on Earth?

[ "Gravity on the Moon is greater because it is closer to the Sun.", "Gravity on the Moon is less because it is smaller than the Earth.", "Gravity on the Moon is less because it has less atmosphere than the Earth.", "Gravity on the Moon is greater because it has less mass than the Earth." ]

B

Mercury_SC_400709

An enclosed 20 mL metal cylinder was filled with a gas sample at room temperature. The sample then was transferred to an empty 40 mL enclosed container, also at room temperature. After being transferred, the volume of the gas was

[ "10 mL.", "20 mL.", "30 mL.", "40 mL." ]

D

Mercury_412755

Melting, boiling, and freezing are examples of

[ "physical changes.", "chemical changes.", "magnetic changes.", "electrical changes." ]

A

Mercury_SC_401331

There is a shadow under a tree. Which form of energy must be present for the shadow to occur?

[ "heat", "light", "sound", "mechanical" ]

B

NYSEDREGENTS_2013_4_3

Seismometers measure quick changes that happen in the crust of our planet. Which of the following is a seismometer used to measure?

[ "earthquake", "erosion", "flooding", "weathering" ]

A

Mercury_SC_413002

In some lakes, excessive blooms of algae appear when human activity causes degradation of water quality resulting in conditions more favorable for algae growth. Which human activity primarily causes this problem?

[ "mining", "farming", "transportation", "manufacturing" ]

B

Mercury_7042630

Drake has started a garden. What can Drake do to enrich the soil so that his plants will grow better?

[ "remove earthworms", "add more water to the soil", "increase the amount of pesticide he uses", "mix decomposed plant matter into the soil" ]

D

MCAS_2003_5_10

Which of these objects will rust?

[ "wood chips", "plastic straws", "iron nails", "glass beads" ]

C

TIMSS_2007_4_pg105

Which color baseball cap would absorb the most light on a sunny day?

[ "pink", "black", "white", "yellow" ]

B

NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_13

Which body systems are most involved in the response when someone stubs his or her toe?

[ "nervous and muscle", "muscle and endocrine", "nervous and digestive", "reproductive and circulatory" ]

A

Mercury_7024203

Which part of a sound wave measures loudness?

[ "wavelength", "magnitude", "amplitude", "frequency" ]

C

Mercury_7007543

Neurons respond to stimuli and transmit impulses to coordinate body functions. Which of these indicates the rapid change in the membrane potential when a neuron is stimulated?

[ "action potential", "resting potential", "refractory period", "threshold period" ]

A

Mercury_7241255

Materials that let electrons flow very easily from one atom to another

[ "are called insulators.", "are called conductors.", "are called non-metals.", "are called resistors." ]

B

Mercury_7222408

Which is the most important safety measure to follow when using an acid in a classroom laboratory?

[ "wearing protective clothing and goggles", "keeping the window open", "closing the door to the hall", "using bright fluorescent lights" ]

A

Mercury_7016240

In a deep valley on Earth, a person shouting will hear an echo as the sound is reflected back off the surrounding mountains. In a similar valley on the Moon, no echo will be heard. This is because

[ "the gravitational pull on the Moon is too low", "the temperature on the Moon is too low", "there is no air on the Moon for the sound to travel through", "the mountains on the Moon cannot reflect sound" ]

C

TIMSS_2007_8_pg57

The motion of a car accelerating in a straight line differs from the motion of a car moving in a straight line at a constant speed. Which change best describes acceleration of a car?

[ "a change in the direction of the car", "a change in the distance the car travels", "the change in velocity divided by the time for that change", "the change in the time for the car to travel a distance" ]

C

MDSA_2007_8_23

During which time of day are the highest temperatures most often recorded?

[ "sunset", "afternoon", "sunrise", "night" ]

B

MEA_2016_5_3

When butterfly eggs hatch, the young are called ___.

[ "worms", "cocoons", "caterpillars", "little butterflies" ]

C

MEAP_2005_5_16

Louis Pasteur's work in the nineteenth century on pasteurization greatly improved

[ "the quality of food.", "the prediction of weather.", "the availability of medication.", "the effectiveness of vaccinations." ]

A

Mercury_7009818

An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?

[ "by burrowing under the soil", "by crawling around in the pan", "by staying where it was placed", "by trying to crawl out of the pan" ]

A

MCAS_2004_5_22

What is the liquid layer of Earth that lies beneath the mantle?

[ "inner core", "outer core", "mesosphere", "asthenosphere" ]

B

ACTAAP_2007_7_27

Many natural resources are found in Maryland and the surrounding area. Some of these natural resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable. People use both kinds of resources in daily activities. Using natural resources often produces waste products. Burning fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and gasoline produces pollution. Which type of pollution is most often produced by burning fossil fuels?

[ "air pollution", "land pollution", "noise pollution", "water pollution" ]

A

MDSA_2008_5_25

When a bird sings, it is most likely singing in order to

[ "frighten away other types of birds", "mark the bird's territory against the same type of bird", "attract insects", "wake up other animals" ]

B

TIMSS_1995_8_L5

Coal is used for generating about 53% of the electrical energy in the United States. Which of these environmental issues is directly contributed to by the burning of coal?

[ "beach erosion", "ozone depletion", "overfishing", "air pollution" ]

D

Mercury_7217438

Which term correctly describes all of the following materials? salt water, vinegar, bronze, air, beach sand

[ "compounds", "mixtures", "solutions", "elements" ]

B

Mercury_411809

Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly?

[ "The death rate was greater than the birth rate.", "There was unlimited food for the moose to eat.", "The birth rate was constant and few moose died.", "There were no predators to control the population." ]

D

Mercury_7188213

Which is a characteristic Earth and the Moon have in common?

[ "seas", "craters", "thunderstorms", "atmosphere" ]

B

Mercury_SC_401800

As Bobby entered a dark room, he pushed the switch on the wall to turn on the light. What makes the light turn on when Bobby pushes the switch?

[ "electricity", "friction", "gravity", "magnetism" ]

A

Mercury_SC_406273

Which human organ system eliminates liquid and gaseous wastes from the body?

[ "circulatory", "endocrine", "excretory", "reproductive" ]

C

NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_7

When visiting the beach, Felicity observed that a breeze blew in from the ocean during the day and out toward the ocean at night. Which factor is most responsible for the direction of land and sea breezes in coastal regions?

[ "the revolution of Earth around the Sun", "the uneven heating between the land and water", "the gravitational pull of Earth on the atmosphere", "the daily rise and fall of tides in a regular pattern" ]

B

Mercury_7174668

Which pathway do most nutrients take after a person takes a bite of food?

[ "digestive system -> circulatory system -> body cells", "circulatory system -> body cells -> digestive system", "digestive system -> body cells -> circulatory system", "circulatory system -> digestive system -> body cells" ]

A

NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_16

Sound reaches our ears because sound makes air particles

[ "heat up.", "cool down.", "slow down.", "vibrate." ]

D

MCAS_2005_5_33

Which event is an example of conduction?

[ "Sunlight travels from the Sun to warm Earth.", "Boiling water in a pot warms a spoon inside the pot.", "A fire in a fireplace warms the air in a room.", "Cold water is heated in a microwave oven." ]

B

Mercury_7056648

Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?

[ "mechanical", "chemical", "nuclear", "electrical" ]

A

NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_43

Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?

[ "During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.", "During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.", "During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the amount of precipitation.", "During convection, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the amount of precipitation." ]

B

AKDE&ED_2008_8_50

What is the smallest part of a gold ring that is still gold?

[ "an atom", "an electron", "a molecule", "a compound" ]

A

Mercury_7205363

Which tool should a carpenter use to measure the length of a wooden board?

[ "balance", "meter stick", "thermometer", "graduated cylinder" ]

B

Mercury_SC_407507

If an ecosystem's balance is disturbed by a volcanic eruption, what will most likely occur?

[ "The ecosystem will not change from its original state.", "The ecosystem will eventually become balanced again.", "The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to consume carbon dioxide.", "The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to produce more oxygen." ]

B

NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_23

One example of a trait passed from a parent plant to its offspring is ___.

[ "the amount of water in the plant's environment", "the amount of sunlight shining on the plant", "the color of the flowers on the plant", "the nutrients in the soil where the plant grows" ]

C

TAKS_2009_5_20

Many organisms have structures for protection and survival. Which structure is most similar to tree bark?

[ "bird beak", "bear claws", "human skin", "snake fangs" ]

C

MDSA_2010_8_8

The human respiratory system is responsible for removing

[ "fat from cells", "carbon dioxide from blood", "hormones from glands", "nutrients from food" ]

B

NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_13

Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that

[ "destroy microbes", "recycle nutrients", "allow locomotion", "coordinate movement" ]

A

NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_8

Which two forms of energy could best be used to increase the temperature of a sheet of copper?

[ "heat and light", "heat and sound", "light and magnetism", "electricity and sound" ]

A

MCAS_2011_5_10

Which gas is the most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?

[ "oxygen", "nitrogen", "water vapor", "carbon dioxide" ]

B

ACTAAP_2014_7_10

Which best explains why stars seen in the night sky are less bright than the Sun?

[ "Other stars are farther from Earth than the Sun.", "Other stars are facing away from Earth.", "Other stars are smaller than the Sun.", "Other stars are producing less light." ]

A

Mercury_SC_408435

A scientist observed that the loss of plants near a stream resulted in more soil being washed downstream. How will the excess soil that travels downstream reduce biodiversity?

[ "It will destroy the fish habitat.", "It will provide nutrients to algae.", "It will change the water temperature.", "It will introduce an invasive species." ]

A

Mercury_7245788

When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, the shadow causes a

[ "high tide", "low tide", "lunar eclipse", "Moon phase" ]

C

NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_25

A class conducts an experiment to determine the best color to paint a solar water heater that they plan to build. For their experimental test, the students have four identical cans. They paint one black, one green, one red, and one white. Each can is filled with 500 mL of 22°C water, and is allowed to sit in the sun for two hours. Which color can will have the greatest increase in water temperature?

[ "black", "green", "red", "white" ]

A

MCAS_2004_8_20

Which of these properties of water has the greatest effect on the water cycle?

[ "neutral pH", "freezing and boiling points", "dissolves many substances", "forms six-sided crystals" ]

B

Mercury_7207463

What causes day and night on Earth?

[ "tilting of Earth's axis", "rotation of Earth on its axis", "movement of Earth around the sun", "movement of the sun around Earth" ]

B

OHAT_2007_5_40

Which process is an example of a physical change?

[ "wood burning", "iron rusting", "ice melting", "milk souring" ]

C

NYSEDREGENTS_2008_8_33

The water cycle requires energy. The main source of energy for the water cycle is

[ "wind", "gravity", "the sun", "the moon" ]

C

MSA_2012_5_13

Which of these is the fundamental unit of life?

[ "system", "organ", "tissue", "cell" ]

D

Mercury_7211015

Which would be the most important to consider when selecting material for the walls and ceiling of a concert hall?

[ "chemical properties", "mechanical properties", "thermal properties", "acoustical properties" ]

D

MCAS_1999_8_17

When microorganisms deplete the oxygen in soil through respiration, the soil becomes

[ "humus.", "anaerobic.", "compost.", "aerobic." ]

B

Mercury_7071978

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency responsible for the space program in the United States. What was the goal of NASA's Apollo program?

[ "to search for life on planets other than Earth", "to land on a planet in another solar system", "to determine the composition the Sun", "to send a human to land on the Moon" ]

D

Mercury_414500

A lack of control in the muscular system is most likely related to a problem in what other organ system?

[ "nervous", "immune", "excretory", "digestive" ]

A

Mercury_7014000

The Russian thistle, commonly known as the tumbleweed, is a big, round plant with many branches and short, stiff leaves. This plant spreads a large number of seeds when it breaks off from its stalk. The thistle is most likely found in what kind of environment?

[ "swamp", "prairie", "forest", "tundra" ]

B

Mercury_SC_400224

Scientists find dinosaur fossils in the bottom rock layers of a cliff and mammal fossils in the middle rock layer of the cliff. Which could best be concluded from this evidence?

[ "Dinosaurs ate plants.", "Dinosaurs were eaten by the mammals.", "Dinosaurs lived on Earth before the mammals.", "Dinosaurs and mammals lived at the same time." ]

C

NCEOGA_2013_8_29

Joyce put 200 milliliters of water in a beaker, put a thermometer in it, and heated it until it started to boil. She recorded a temperature of 100°C when it started to boil. She repeated the process with 400 milliliters of water. What would be the temperature when the second sample started to boil?

[ "twice as high as the first sample's", "slightly higher than the first sample's", "half as high as the first sample's", "the same as the first sample's" ]

D

LEAP_2002_8_10389

A student wrote the following claim on a homework assignment: "Eukaryotic cells need more lipids than prokaryotic cells." Which statement below provides the BEST support for her claim?

[ "Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.", "Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms.", "Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.", "Eukaryotic cells perform cellular respiration." ]

C

Mercury_416507

A black bear eats many different things, including grasses, roots, and berries. It also eats insects, fish, and other small animals. Which of these BEST describes a black bear?

[ "Omnivore", "Carnivore", "Herbivore", "Producer" ]

A

VASoL_2008_3_35

A student finds a beaker with a chip in the rim. What should he do with the beaker?

[ "use it and then dispose of it", "use it and then return it to where he got it", "dispose of the beaker and get a new one", "put it back where he found it and get a new one" ]

C

Mercury_7010798

The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the

[ "valence.", "mass number.", "chemical property.", "electrical charge." ]

B

Mercury_7018078

In which of the following are nutrients directly absorbed from the bloodstream?

[ "cell", "organ", "organisms", "tissue" ]

A

Mercury_7141278

Making aluminum cans from recycled materials instead of raw materials is a wise choice because it

[ "saves time.", "saves trees.", "creates energy.", "reduces pollution." ]

D

Mercury_SC_400988

What happens to climate and weather over a summer?

[ "Weather varies more than climate.", "Climate varies more than weather.", "Climate varies, but weather stays the same.", "Weather and climate vary to the same degree." ]

A

Mercury_SC_415415

A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?

[ "The air heating the sidewalk", "The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air", "The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt", "The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air" ]

D

NAEP_2009_4_S7+6

Which trait gives owls an advantage when hunting at night?

[ "large eyes", "broad wings", "straight beak", "smooth feathers" ]

A

Mercury_SC_401296

Wood is considered a renewable resource because

[ "oxygen is released by trees.", "trees can be replanted.", "there are many varieties of trees.", "trees are used for many purposes." ]

B

Mercury_SC_400406

Which event is an example of a chemical change?

[ "fog rising off a river", "wood burning in a fireplace", "ice cream melting in the sunshine", "grinding peppercorn into pepper flakes" ]

B

Mercury_7023275

Oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs to the heart. Which two systems are most directly involved in this process?

[ "excretory and digestive", "circulatory and excretory", "digestive and respiratory", "respiratory and circulatory" ]

D

Mercury_SC_405020

From simplest to most complicated, how are multicellular organisms organized?

[ "organ system, organ, cell, tissue", "organ, tissue, cell, organ system", "tissue, cell, organ system, organ", "cell, tissue, organ, organ system" ]

D

Mercury_405940

A student wants to find out whether storms with lightning produce more rain than storms without lightning. Which is the best way to answer this question?

[ "average the amount of rain that fell during a lightning storm", "count number of lightning strikes during a one-hour period", "record rainfall amounts in storms with and without lightning", "calculate the number of fires that are caused by lightning strikes" ]

C

Mercury_SC_405734

How many different elements are in the 20 compound sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?

[ "1", "3", "6", "7" ]

B

MCAS_2005_8_20

In a lab, a bacterial strain shows resistance to an antibiotic. The presence of the antibiotic allows an existing variant within the genetic code to help the bacteria survive. The resistance of bacteria due to an existing genetic variant can be best described as which process?

[ "natural selection", "selective breeding", "asexual reproduction", "behavioral adaptation" ]

A

Mercury_7197960

Which of the following is NOT a mixture?

[ "Smoke", "Sugar", "Milk", "Paint" ]

B

TIMSS_2003_8_pg57

Which two properties of a crayon will stay about the same after the crayon is melted?

[ "Shape and physical state", "Temperature and hardness", "Color and mass", "Thickness and texture" ]

C

TAKS_2009_5_29

Which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth, development, and reproduction?

[ "circulatory", "digestive", "nervous", "endocrine" ]

D

NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_8

As some organisms die, their remains become buried by mud and are eventually compressed into a type of rock. Which of these is a rock type that forms from this process?

[ "igneous", "sedimentary", "magma", "metamorphic" ]

B

Mercury_7219030

Based on the organization of living things, tissues

[ "form systems.", "are made of cells.", "are made of organs.", "do the work of cells." ]

B

Mercury_7141890

Which body system is directly threatened when bacteria infect the lungs?

[ "muscular", "nervous", "respiratory", "excretory" ]

C

Mercury_7075215

Where do good bacteria grow to help keep people healthy?

[ "in the brain", "in the blood", "on the skin", "on the bones" ]

C

Mercury_SC_416173

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. The first known human cases AIDS were in Africa in the late 1950s. Since then, tens of millions of people have died from the disease, and tens of millions more people all over the world are infected. Which term best describes the disease AIDS?

[ "isolated cases", "outbreak", "epidemic", "pandemic" ]

D

Mercury_7283885

7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?

[ "the rotation of Earth", "the direction of the wind", "the pull of Earth's gravity", "the movement of plates on Earth's crust" ]

D

MCAS_1998_4_7

Which phenomena occur as a result of the gravitational attraction between the moon and Earth?

[ "eclipses", "ocean tides", "seasonal changes", "phases of the moon" ]

B

OHAT_2007_8_42

Which statement best describes how the circulatory system and respiratory system can work together?

[ "Toxins are removed from the bloodstream by the liver.", "The stomach signals for the production of gastric juices.", "Food molecules are transported to the organs of the body.", "Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood vessels." ]

D

AKDE&ED_2012_8_7

Animals depend on plants for many things, including food. What do plants depend on from animals?

[ "energy for photosynthesis", "pest control", "carbon dioxide", "oxygen" ]

C

Mercury_LBS10993

Less force is required to launch a spaceship from the surface of the Moon than to launch an identical ship from the surface of Earth because

[ "the Moon has a smaller surface area than Earth.", "the mass of an object on Earth is greater than on the Moon.", "the gravitational field of the Moon is less than that of Earth.", "the atmosphere of the Moon is much thinner than that of Earth." ]

C

Mercury_7084018

Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened?

[ "an earthquake", "a landslide", "a volcano", "an avalanche" ]

A

Mercury_SC_415399

Which of these were formed by glaciers that flowed through the Ruby Mountain region in northeastern Nevada?

[ "lakes", "deserts", "volcanic necks", "V-shaped valleys" ]

A

Mercury_7071803

A student prepared the following list of characteristics about a cellular organelle. present in animal cells present in plant cells helps make energy available to the cell Which of the following cellular structures is the student describing?

[ "cell wall", "chloroplast", "mitochondrion", "nucleus" ]

C

MCAS_2011_8_17683

Brian knows deserts get less rain than other ecosystems. However, he also knows that plants can survive in the desert. Which characteristic of a plant most likely helps it live in a desert?

[ "the ability to store water", "the ability to attract insects", "the ability to stop predators", "the ability to drop its leaves" ]

A

Mercury_SC_408439

After a volcanic eruption, it takes a long time for large ecosystems to fully recover. Which statement best explains why the development takes so long?

[ "Space is limited for growth.", "The quality of light is low.", "Soil must be created.", "Minerals are destroyed." ]

C

Mercury_7115290

The atomic number of an element refers to the number of

[ "electrons in the outer shell.", "neutrons in the outer shell.", "electrons in the nucleus.", "protons in the nucleus." ]

D

Mercury_7007613

In an ecosystem, not all of the energy that is available is used by the organisms. Some energy becomes unavailable before it can be transferred to organisms in the next trophic level. How does the energy most likely become unavailable?

[ "The energy is stored as food.", "The energy is dissipated as heat.", "The energy is trapped in dead organisms.", "The energy is moved to another ecosystem." ]

B

Mercury_7161298