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On we go. The beginning of the next paragraph is for example. So this whole paragraph is small, it's just evidence. The beginning of the next paragraph is another example. This is also subsidiary. The beginning of the last paragraph has a pivot and the author is expressing a new opinion.
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The beginning of the next paragraph is another example. This is also subsidiary. The beginning of the last paragraph has a pivot and the author is expressing a new opinion. She does here say like, you know, there are some things that pollen can't figure out. A lot of us like to build a passage map where we kind of label the paragraphs in big functional chunks. First paragraph told us the problem, second told us the solution.
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She does here say like, you know, there are some things that pollen can't figure out. A lot of us like to build a passage map where we kind of label the paragraphs in big functional chunks. First paragraph told us the problem, second told us the solution. Then we get example one, example two of the solution, kick and butt. And then we get this weird last paragraph where the author sort of gives us her editorial on this new solution. I'm kidding of course, we don't need to be remembering anything about goose grass.
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Then we get example one, example two of the solution, kick and butt. And then we get this weird last paragraph where the author sort of gives us her editorial on this new solution. I'm kidding of course, we don't need to be remembering anything about goose grass. I just think it's as funny a noun as you could ask for. Whenever I'm getting confused or lost, I return to my happy place, which is the framework. And I just kind of remind myself, okay, Patrick, just remember the old is they use documents and it was fragmentary.
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I just think it's as funny a noun as you could ask for. Whenever I'm getting confused or lost, I return to my happy place, which is the framework. And I just kind of remind myself, okay, Patrick, just remember the old is they use documents and it was fragmentary. The new is we can also use pollen grain and it solves some riddles, although it leaves some questions unanswered. As we said earlier, this skill that we're working on of trying to pull out the essential stuff and put it into simpler personal terms. That's basically what we're going to be doing when we're briefing cases in law school.
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The new is we can also use pollen grain and it solves some riddles, although it leaves some questions unanswered. As we said earlier, this skill that we're working on of trying to pull out the essential stuff and put it into simpler personal terms. That's basically what we're going to be doing when we're briefing cases in law school. So it's actually really good news that all the practice time we put into reading comp is practice time that's prepping our brain to be better at something we'll do a lot of in law school. Hey guys, you mind if I share the study room with you? Sure.
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So it's actually really good news that all the practice time we put into reading comp is practice time that's prepping our brain to be better at something we'll do a lot of in law school. Hey guys, you mind if I share the study room with you? Sure. Go for it. Thanks. So, uh, what you studying?
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Go for it. Thanks. So, uh, what you studying? Torts? I bet it's torts. We're zooming in on the big picture reading skills of reading comp.
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Torts? I bet it's torts. We're zooming in on the big picture reading skills of reading comp. One of the first tactics is just making sure you give yourself the space to warm up to a topic. A lot of us do not retain a sentence when we first read it. So we have to break it into bite-sized pieces, develop a mental picture, think of a concrete example until we can actually feel like, oh, I know what we're talking about.
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One of the first tactics is just making sure you give yourself the space to warm up to a topic. A lot of us do not retain a sentence when we first read it. So we have to break it into bite-sized pieces, develop a mental picture, think of a concrete example until we can actually feel like, oh, I know what we're talking about. Skill number two is to pick an organizing framework. More than one might apply, but once you pick one, it anchors you to a very simple story that only has two or three big ideas. What we reacted to in the early going of this passage was that people were traditionally primarily doing something.
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Skill number two is to pick an organizing framework. More than one might apply, but once you pick one, it anchors you to a very simple story that only has two or three big ideas. What we reacted to in the early going of this passage was that people were traditionally primarily doing something. However, the author had a negative feeling. So we started thinking, okay, is the author saying this is a problem and I got a solution? Here's the old sucky way.
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However, the author had a negative feeling. So we started thinking, okay, is the author saying this is a problem and I got a solution? Here's the old sucky way. Here's the new better way. We have to read with an appetite, which means that we're keeping track of which boxes we've filled and which ones are still open. Once we were done with the first two paragraphs, we knew the old way was documents.
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Here's the new better way. We have to read with an appetite, which means that we're keeping track of which boxes we've filled and which ones are still open. Once we were done with the first two paragraphs, we knew the old way was documents. The new way was pollen, but we still weren't really sure how the author felt about this new solution. And that's why when we hit the last paragraph, the very first sentence really hit us strong. We had accomplished our mission and filled in the final blank of our big picture.
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The new way was pollen, but we still weren't really sure how the author felt about this new solution. And that's why when we hit the last paragraph, the very first sentence really hit us strong. We had accomplished our mission and filled in the final blank of our big picture. Good job finding me, everybody. Gotta go. The better you are at reading comp, the more you read with sort of a dynamic speed.
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Good job finding me, everybody. Gotta go. The better you are at reading comp, the more you read with sort of a dynamic speed. You slow down when you find a big idea and you make sure you encode it and you kind of speed up when you know it's just support. Let's take one more quick journey through this passage to think about big ideas versus support. The first sentence names somebody else's position and usually authors pivot away from that.
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You slow down when you find a big idea and you make sure you encode it and you kind of speed up when you know it's just support. Let's take one more quick journey through this passage to think about big ideas versus support. The first sentence names somebody else's position and usually authors pivot away from that. And sure enough, oh no. Oh, and LSAT student loves a pivot. Once you rev these guys up, they're not going to stop.
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And sure enough, oh no. Oh, and LSAT student loves a pivot. Once you rev these guys up, they're not going to stop. They're so excited when they see a but, however recently, because they know here's where the big picture will probably come into focus. These can appear throughout the passage, but when they appear in the first paragraph, that usually means big picture stuff. All right, guys, back to work.
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They're so excited when they see a but, however recently, because they know here's where the big picture will probably come into focus. These can appear throughout the passage, but when they appear in the first paragraph, that usually means big picture stuff. All right, guys, back to work. So when we see a pivot word like but, yet however recently, that almost always will mean a big idea. The last sentence in the first paragraph was like a premise. It was unpacking reasons why the documentary record is fragmentary.
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So when we see a pivot word like but, yet however recently, that almost always will mean a big idea. The last sentence in the first paragraph was like a premise. It was unpacking reasons why the documentary record is fragmentary. Big idea number two was pollen grains. How did we know it was a big idea? Well, the callback language that we're talking about a different way to investigate landscape change, to trace the changing face of the landscape.
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Big idea number two was pollen grains. How did we know it was a big idea? Well, the callback language that we're talking about a different way to investigate landscape change, to trace the changing face of the landscape. The rest of this paragraph felt like support because they were just reiterating that like changes in vegetation are reflected in pollen. Analyzing pollen can help you identify what the plants were. When we get to the third paragraph and see the for example, Officer Reba, what are you doing here?
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The rest of this paragraph felt like support because they were just reiterating that like changes in vegetation are reflected in pollen. Analyzing pollen can help you identify what the plants were. When we get to the third paragraph and see the for example, Officer Reba, what are you doing here? Hey, what's the big idea? Literally. Ah, she's right.
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Hey, what's the big idea? Literally. Ah, she's right. Whenever I see for example, I slam on the brakes and I reread the previous claim because that had to be a big idea. As I read the example, I've got to see how it's illustrating that big idea. So I want to see an example of the pollen grain correcting the documentary record.
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Whenever I see for example, I slam on the brakes and I reread the previous claim because that had to be a big idea. As I read the example, I've got to see how it's illustrating that big idea. So I want to see an example of the pollen grain correcting the documentary record. Once I see historians, I'm like, yeah, the scholars that use documents. Okay, callback. So this example should show the pollen grain correcting the documentary record.
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Once I see historians, I'm like, yeah, the scholars that use documents. Okay, callback. So this example should show the pollen grain correcting the documentary record. Get ready historians, you're about to get served by pollen grains. And so he says to me, these soils weren't even tilled until the 17th century when the moldboard plow came. That's funny because I heard according to pollen grain analysis, they found cereal grain, which as you know, would require tilling the soil long before the moldboard plow.
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Get ready historians, you're about to get served by pollen grains. And so he says to me, these soils weren't even tilled until the 17th century when the moldboard plow came. That's funny because I heard according to pollen grain analysis, they found cereal grain, which as you know, would require tilling the soil long before the moldboard plow. Hey, are you guys talking about the moldboard plow? We dig. The fact that the third and fourth paragraphs both begin, for example, another example means we're not getting any big ideas there.
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Hey, are you guys talking about the moldboard plow? We dig. The fact that the third and fourth paragraphs both begin, for example, another example means we're not getting any big ideas there. The last paragraph has a big idea, but then it's immediately followed by a for example. So we really only need that first sentence. Most of what we're trying to do in reading a passage is just isolate the like two, three or four big claims that get made.
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The last paragraph has a big idea, but then it's immediately followed by a for example. So we really only need that first sentence. Most of what we're trying to do in reading a passage is just isolate the like two, three or four big claims that get made. I got to take that big old passage and reduce it to these three chunks. Good reading comp often feels like that old game we played as a kid, that red light, green light. If you see a big idea like a pivot or a callback, it's like red light, stop, process, understand.
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I got to take that big old passage and reduce it to these three chunks. Good reading comp often feels like that old game we played as a kid, that red light, green light. If you see a big idea like a pivot or a callback, it's like red light, stop, process, understand. And when you see examples or bullet points, you're like, oh, green light, just keep going. We're not at a big idea. We need to remind ourselves of the big idea that that list or example is attached to, but we don't need that detail on the first read.
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And when you see examples or bullet points, you're like, oh, green light, just keep going. We're not at a big idea. We need to remind ourselves of the big idea that that list or example is attached to, but we don't need that detail on the first read. Remember, we're going to be trying to get better at three different things, how we read the passage, how we react to different question types, and how we scrutinize those answer choices. Let's talk a little bit about question types. We could kind of organize them into six families.
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Remember, we're going to be trying to get better at three different things, how we read the passage, how we react to different question types, and how we scrutinize those answer choices. Let's talk a little bit about question types. We could kind of organize them into six families. They're going to ask us about the big picture, like the main point or how it was organized. They're going to ask us about the purpose of a detail or the purpose of a word or a paragraph. They'll ask us about opinions.
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They're going to ask us about the big picture, like the main point or how it was organized. They're going to ask us about the purpose of a detail or the purpose of a word or a paragraph. They'll ask us about opinions. What's the author's attitude? What did these biologists think? They're going to ask us to go fetch a detail.
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We're going to try two of them. Pause the recording and try to do this one from memory, then unpause when you want to review it. All right, welcome back. Choice A is our correct answer here. Choice B, the main clause, says that historical documents have led to the revision. This passage was not about documents doing stuff.
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Choice A is our correct answer here. Choice B, the main clause, says that historical documents have led to the revision. This passage was not about documents doing stuff. It was about pollen picking up some of the slack for documents. C starts out just like A. Using pollen is a valuable, useful tool to do.
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It was about pollen picking up some of the slack for documents. C starts out just like A. Using pollen is a valuable, useful tool to do. Here it says to identify ancient plant species, whereas A said to trace the changes of the Irish landscape. D is wicked complicated. The easiest thing would be to spot those examples and say, what are you guys doing in a main point answer?
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Here it says to identify ancient plant species, whereas A said to trace the changes of the Irish landscape. D is wicked complicated. The easiest thing would be to spot those examples and say, what are you guys doing in a main point answer? Get out of here. You're small. If we dig in a little deeper, these crops were not said to have significant impact.
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Get out of here. You're small. If we dig in a little deeper, these crops were not said to have significant impact. They were just new discoveries that pollen was helping us to make. And in the case of matter specifically, that was an example of something pollen wasn't able to track or explain. So part of this answer is contradicted.
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They were just new discoveries that pollen was helping us to make. And in the case of matter specifically, that was an example of something pollen wasn't able to track or explain. So part of this answer is contradicted. E is doing what a lot of trap answers do, which is put too much emphasis on the last thing that we heard. So the author in the final paragraph goes, it must be stressed. There are limits to what the pollen record can do, but she's not body slamming it and saying its applicability is severely limited.
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E is doing what a lot of trap answers do, which is put too much emphasis on the last thing that we heard. So the author in the final paragraph goes, it must be stressed. There are limits to what the pollen record can do, but she's not body slamming it and saying its applicability is severely limited. Notice that in A, the main clause is that pollen is a useful tool. And in answer choice E, it's a dependent clause. It's like the concession.
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Notice that in A, the main clause is that pollen is a useful tool. And in answer choice E, it's a dependent clause. It's like the concession. Although it's a useful tool, the real thing is it sucks. The correct answer of a main point question is kind of a good way to check to see whether we did a good job at our big picture reading. And in this passage, the big author payoff moments were in the beginning and end of the second paragraph.
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Although it's a useful tool, the real thing is it sucks. The correct answer of a main point question is kind of a good way to check to see whether we did a good job at our big picture reading. And in this passage, the big author payoff moments were in the beginning and end of the second paragraph. Our correct answer basically looks like a hybrid of the language from those two sentences. How do we find the most valuable sentences? Oh, my dear.
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Our correct answer basically looks like a hybrid of the language from those two sentences. How do we find the most valuable sentences? Oh, my dear. Well, that brings us back to framework. Frameworks help you set an agenda, helps you think about the passage having a story arc from setup to payoff. What is the author really trying to stress or end with?
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Well, that brings us back to framework. Frameworks help you set an agenda, helps you think about the passage having a story arc from setup to payoff. What is the author really trying to stress or end with? Frameworks make it easier to talk about the big picture. Speaking of which, let's try one more big picture question from this passage. It's asking us to relate the second paragraph to the fifth paragraph.
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Frameworks make it easier to talk about the big picture. Speaking of which, let's try one more big picture question from this passage. It's asking us to relate the second paragraph to the fifth paragraph. So normally we would think back to our passage map and think, well, how did the passage map and think, well, how did I chunk each of these paragraphs? So we're going to put that passage map over here on the left. Pause the recording until you've got an answer that you like.
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So normally we would think back to our passage map and think, well, how did the passage map and think, well, how did I chunk each of these paragraphs? So we're going to put that passage map over here on the left. Pause the recording until you've got an answer that you like. Welcome back. After we first read a question stem, we try to predict an answer in our head. So I probably would have said, you know, the fifth paragraph is showing us the limitations of the method that's described in the second paragraph.
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Welcome back. After we first read a question stem, we try to predict an answer in our head. So I probably would have said, you know, the fifth paragraph is showing us the limitations of the method that's described in the second paragraph. A says that the second paragraph is proposing a hypothesis. It's really important to understand that hypothesis means like a causal explanation for some phenomenon that happened. That's not even close to what the second paragraph is doing, which is describing a method of research.
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A says that the second paragraph is proposing a hypothesis. It's really important to understand that hypothesis means like a causal explanation for some phenomenon that happened. That's not even close to what the second paragraph is doing, which is describing a method of research. B is saying that the final paragraph describes a problem that must be solved before we can even use this pollen grain method. Must be solved seems pretty harsh. We said there's limits to the pollen grain method, but the author didn't say we have to solve this before it can be considered viable.
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B is saying that the final paragraph describes a problem that must be solved before we can even use this pollen grain method. Must be solved seems pretty harsh. We said there's limits to the pollen grain method, but the author didn't say we have to solve this before it can be considered viable. C is saying that the last paragraph qualifies the claim in the second. That's another vocab word we got to learn. To qualify a claim is to actually talk about exceptions or to know that the claim is valid.
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C is saying that the last paragraph qualifies the claim in the second. That's another vocab word we got to learn. To qualify a claim is to actually talk about exceptions or to know that the claim is valid. So we're going to use the last paragraph to qualify a claim is to actually talk about like exceptions or to narrow its scope. Like unqualified would be I love watching basketball on TV, but qualified is I love NBA basketball. Unqualified would be like, yo, that last Lord of the Rings was awesome.
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So we're going to use the last paragraph to qualify a claim is to actually talk about like exceptions or to narrow its scope. Like unqualified would be I love watching basketball on TV, but qualified is I love NBA basketball. Unqualified would be like, yo, that last Lord of the Rings was awesome. Qualified praise would be like, other than the like stupidly long ending, that last one was good. So similarly, unqualified would be pollen grain can help us track the changing Irish landscape, but a qualified version would be pollen can do a lot. There are some things it can't do.
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Qualified praise would be like, other than the like stupidly long ending, that last one was good. So similarly, unqualified would be pollen grain can help us track the changing Irish landscape, but a qualified version would be pollen can do a lot. There are some things it can't do. So let's keep C. Ultimately it is correct. D says that the second paragraph is talking about a view the author wants to argue against, but that's completely opposite. The second paragraph is the solution our author is here to present for us.
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So let's keep C. Ultimately it is correct. D says that the second paragraph is talking about a view the author wants to argue against, but that's completely opposite. The second paragraph is the solution our author is here to present for us. E says that the last paragraph is offering procedures to supplement the method. What are you talking about? The last paragraph is offering us examples of where we're not able to use this new pollen method.
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E says that the last paragraph is offering procedures to supplement the method. What are you talking about? The last paragraph is offering us examples of where we're not able to use this new pollen method. Again, C is the correct answer and a pretty hard answer to understand if we don't have a strong sense of what we're looking for. Wow, that was really cathartic. I'll say.
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Again, C is the correct answer and a pretty hard answer to understand if we don't have a strong sense of what we're looking for. Wow, that was really cathartic. I'll say. Hey, can we start over? I'd like that. Hi, I'm Sniffles.
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Hey, can we start over? I'd like that. Hi, I'm Sniffles. Pleased to meet you, Sniffles. My name's Duncan. Duncan Sheik.
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Pleased to meet you, Sniffles. My name's Duncan. Duncan Sheik. There they are. Hey, everybody. How was your stupid reading comp movie?
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There they are. Hey, everybody. How was your stupid reading comp movie? I didn't hate it. We learned some cool stuff. Yeah, like what?
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I didn't hate it. We learned some cool stuff. Yeah, like what? We learned to warm up to the topic. A lot of times that first sentence just doesn't mean anything the first time you read it, even the second time. But wait until the light of understanding turns on inside of you before you keep reading.
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We learned to warm up to the topic. A lot of times that first sentence just doesn't mean anything the first time you read it, even the second time. But wait until the light of understanding turns on inside of you before you keep reading. Hey, you remember those first paragraph goals we had? It was like at the end of the first paragraph, you should be able to say the central topic. You should have picked some organizing framework, and you should evaluate whether you heard the author's voice or saw a pivot.
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Hey, you remember those first paragraph goals we had? It was like at the end of the first paragraph, you should be able to say the central topic. You should have picked some organizing framework, and you should evaluate whether you heard the author's voice or saw a pivot. Oh, yeah. What were those pivot words again? I can't remember.
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Oh, yeah. What were those pivot words again? I can't remember. Oh, my God. Do you guys remember there was that part about frameworks, and we were like, Duncan would love this part. Oh, no, I missed it.
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Oh, my God. Do you guys remember there was that part about frameworks, and we were like, Duncan would love this part. Oh, no, I missed it. Was it all about setting expectations for later? Oh, I love that stuff. Yeah, it was all about planning out your chunks.
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Was it all about setting expectations for later? Oh, I love that stuff. Yeah, it was all about planning out your chunks. Oh, dear. Do I even want to ask? Oh, sniffles.
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Oh, dear. Do I even want to ask? Oh, sniffles. It was actually pretty cool. It was about kind of compressing your thoughts, like creating a zip file for your thoughts. But remember, it doesn't happen automatically.
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It was actually pretty cool. It was about kind of compressing your thoughts, like creating a zip file for your thoughts. But remember, it doesn't happen automatically. We got to make the time to do it. And any time that we see like an example or a list, we should be asking ourselves, what's the big idea? Literally.
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We got to make the time to do it. And any time that we see like an example or a list, we should be asking ourselves, what's the big idea? Literally. Right. And frameworks give you the vocabulary for how to label your chunks. And we really got to read with an appetite for the author's voice.
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Right. And frameworks give you the vocabulary for how to label your chunks. And we really got to read with an appetite for the author's voice. That thing's subtle. Yeah, we got to read with an appetite and not stop listening until we filled up that box. It was easy to remember stuff when we turned it into gossip.
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That thing's subtle. Yeah, we got to read with an appetite and not stop listening until we filled up that box. It was easy to remember stuff when we turned it into gossip. Did you hear how scholars are tracing the Irish landscape? Yeah, they're using documents. Can you believe it?
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Did you hear how scholars are tracing the Irish landscape? Yeah, they're using documents. Can you believe it? They're so fragmentary. At best, sister. It's good to laugh.
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They're so fragmentary. At best, sister. It's good to laugh. All right, guys. So remember, in this lesson, we were mainly focusing on some big picture reading techniques, which I would encourage you guys to go out and experiment with. In future lessons, we'll be breaking down more questions and passages.
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The three ways we're going to get better at Reading Comp are to get better at how we read the passage, get better at how we react to different question stems, and to get better at scrutinizing every word within an answer choice. In lesson one, we went through some big picture reading strategies. Most important ones were chunking, pausing every once in a while to self-summarize, more simply compress things. Frameworks are going to help us decide which big ideas we care about, which ones we're listening for, and pivot words like but, yet, however, recently announced to us, hey, this moment is all about the purpose of the passage. When we see a big idea, we slow down to make sure we own it, but when we can tell it's support, we can keep moving. We're still near the beginning of our Reading Comp journey.
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Frameworks are going to help us decide which big ideas we care about, which ones we're listening for, and pivot words like but, yet, however, recently announced to us, hey, this moment is all about the purpose of the passage. When we see a big idea, we slow down to make sure we own it, but when we can tell it's support, we can keep moving. We're still near the beginning of our Reading Comp journey. We're working on how to better absorb the material in the passage. Frameworks are a powerful tool that help you to remember two or three of the biggest ideas in the passage. Gather round, LSAT students, for I have a tale to tell.
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We're working on how to better absorb the material in the passage. Frameworks are a powerful tool that help you to remember two or three of the biggest ideas in the passage. Gather round, LSAT students, for I have a tale to tell. For you see, I've written you a Reading Comp passage. Why don't you come inside? There's about 20 ideas I'd like for you to meet, but only one of them is the key to your escape.
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For you see, I've written you a Reading Comp passage. Why don't you come inside? There's about 20 ideas I'd like for you to meet, but only one of them is the key to your escape. Can you find it? Can you remember it? He's right.
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Can you find it? Can you remember it? He's right. The average passage has about 25 claims. I can't even remember the name of someone I was just introduced to. Yeah, we're all like that.
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The average passage has about 25 claims. I can't even remember the name of someone I was just introduced to. Yeah, we're all like that. But what do you do if you really gotta remember somebody's name? I think I just say their name over and over, and then I try to, like, associate it with something. Exactly.
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But what do you do if you really gotta remember somebody's name? I think I just say their name over and over, and then I try to, like, associate it with something. Exactly. That's what we're gonna do. We're gonna filter out all these other jabronis, figure out who the three or four most important people in the room are, and have a little chit-chat with them. Mr. President, there's gonna be a lot of donors at the banquet tonight, so say hi to everyone, but only slow down for the big-time donors.
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That's what we're gonna do. We're gonna filter out all these other jabronis, figure out who the three or four most important people in the room are, and have a little chit-chat with them. Mr. President, there's gonna be a lot of donors at the banquet tonight, so say hi to everyone, but only slow down for the big-time donors. Have I ever told you being president's kind of a drag? Yes, on each of your first hundred days in office. Your solid gold skateboard has arrived, sir!
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Have I ever told you being president's kind of a drag? Yes, on each of your first hundred days in office. Your solid gold skateboard has arrived, sir! So how are we supposed to know which three people to stop and have a conversation with? Well, you gotta talk to the main point. But then hopefully you can talk to the purpose of the paragraphs.
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So how are we supposed to know which three people to stop and have a conversation with? Well, you gotta talk to the main point. But then hopefully you can talk to the purpose of the paragraphs. Details, not so much. But how do you know which sentence is the main point, or what the purpose of these paragraphs are? That's what a framework is for!
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Details, not so much. But how do you know which sentence is the main point, or what the purpose of these paragraphs are? That's what a framework is for! Oh, now I see how we were being used. Watch out for that book! Hey, I read that book growing up.
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Oh, now I see how we were being used. Watch out for that book! Hey, I read that book growing up. The Limits of Human Memory, right? Fun read! A reading comp passage has too many ideas for us to retain, so if we don't prioritize, we might forget all of it.
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The Limits of Human Memory, right? Fun read! A reading comp passage has too many ideas for us to retain, so if we don't prioritize, we might forget all of it. A framework is there to help you remember what your two or three priorities are. Okay, so here are the most common frameworks that are useful in a reading comp. We've got Old New, Problem Solution, Highlight a Noteworthy Figure or Phenomenon, Challenge a Position, or Present a Debate.
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A framework is there to help you remember what your two or three priorities are. Okay, so here are the most common frameworks that are useful in a reading comp. We've got Old New, Problem Solution, Highlight a Noteworthy Figure or Phenomenon, Challenge a Position, or Present a Debate. Let's check them out! Hey y'all, it's your boy Hutch. I subscribe to Wired and Scientific American, and I like to retweet Nat Geo.
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Let's check them out! Hey y'all, it's your boy Hutch. I subscribe to Wired and Scientific American, and I like to retweet Nat Geo. Did you know they used to think velociraptors were ground animals, but now they're discovering evidence of wings like it flew? This framework is real common in science passages because they like to present new findings, but it begins with an old traditional, it pivots with a but recently, and the author gives her assessment on this new thing in the final paragraph. Hi I'm Cornelius.
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Did you know they used to think velociraptors were ground animals, but now they're discovering evidence of wings like it flew? This framework is real common in science passages because they like to present new findings, but it begins with an old traditional, it pivots with a but recently, and the author gives her assessment on this new thing in the final paragraph. Hi I'm Cornelius. I like to spend my evenings doomscrolling on Twitter watching the world burn. This framework shows up a lot in law passages. Sometimes there'll be no solution, somebody else's solution, but most of the time the last paragraph has the author's recommendation.
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I like to spend my evenings doomscrolling on Twitter watching the world burn. This framework shows up a lot in law passages. Sometimes there'll be no solution, somebody else's solution, but most of the time the last paragraph has the author's recommendation. My name is Luis. If there's a new art installation opening at the local gallery or a one-woman show at the community theater, I'll be there. Passages that just sort of profile an artist can be really challenging in terms of finding big ideas.
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My name is Luis. If there's a new art installation opening at the local gallery or a one-woman show at the community theater, I'll be there. Passages that just sort of profile an artist can be really challenging in terms of finding big ideas. You have to learn to listen for phrases that sound like why they're important or distinctive or what their essence is. Hi, I'm Susan. One of my favorite things is to go on Facebook and tell people why their political opinions are wrong, but I also love going on Pinterest and telling them why their fashion sense is wrong.
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You have to learn to listen for phrases that sound like why they're important or distinctive or what their essence is. Hi, I'm Susan. One of my favorite things is to go on Facebook and tell people why their political opinions are wrong, but I also love going on Pinterest and telling them why their fashion sense is wrong. It's very common in society and law passages for them to be challenging a position. A lot of times they're trying to clarify a misconception, but you start with the other point of view and then you pivot into the author's challenge. Hi, I'm Renee.
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It's very common in society and law passages for them to be challenging a position. A lot of times they're trying to clarify a misconception, but you start with the other point of view and then you pivot into the author's challenge. Hi, I'm Renee. I write for the New York Times. People either criticize me for being too liberal or for being too conciliatory towards conservatives. Both sides suck, am I right?
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I write for the New York Times. People either criticize me for being too liberal or for being too conciliatory towards conservatives. Both sides suck, am I right? We use this framework when there's at least two points of view that aren't the author. And sometimes the author won't show up at all. Other times she'll propose her own position or synthesize the two that we were given.
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We use this framework when there's at least two points of view that aren't the author. And sometimes the author won't show up at all. Other times she'll propose her own position or synthesize the two that we were given. So that's the game. So how do we start using these frameworks? Well, for some of the topics, like science, have a strong old-new suspicion.
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So that's the game. So how do we start using these frameworks? Well, for some of the topics, like science, have a strong old-new suspicion. For humanities, have a strong highlight-noteworthy suspicion. But otherwise go off of clue words that you see early on. Once you've picked a framework, use it to remind yourself of what kind of big idea or deliverable you're looking for.
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For humanities, have a strong highlight-noteworthy suspicion. But otherwise go off of clue words that you see early on. Once you've picked a framework, use it to remind yourself of what kind of big idea or deliverable you're looking for. Pause the recording so you can screenshot this or read it. Okay, let's get into reading some passages. But remember, we don't passively read this first paragraph.
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Pause the recording so you can screenshot this or read it. Okay, let's get into reading some passages. But remember, we don't passively read this first paragraph. We are attacking it with a shopping list. I must come out of that store with the topic. I've got to have picked some framework, even if I change it later.
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We are attacking it with a shopping list. I must come out of that store with the topic. I've got to have picked some framework, even if I change it later. And I need to tell you whether or not I saw the author while I was in there. If I see a pivot word, that's usually a giveaway. Kiss your partner goodbye.
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And I need to tell you whether or not I saw the author while I was in there. If I see a pivot word, that's usually a giveaway. Kiss your partner goodbye. You're headed into the store. Topic, framework, author. Pause the recording and read this paragraph we saw in lesson one.
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You're headed into the store. Topic, framework, author. Pause the recording and read this paragraph we saw in lesson one. The topic is usually found in the very first sentence. So warm up to this idea of scholars that are keeping track of how Ireland's landscape has changed. Sweet.
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The topic is usually found in the very first sentence. So warm up to this idea of scholars that are keeping track of how Ireland's landscape has changed. Sweet. And so framework clues, framework clues. Well, scholars have traditionally, that's a big clue for old, new. But actually, even the fact that we're talking about scholars, that we're bringing up a position makes it seem like, oh, is there going to be a pivot?
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And so framework clues, framework clues. Well, scholars have traditionally, that's a big clue for old, new. But actually, even the fact that we're talking about scholars, that we're bringing up a position makes it seem like, oh, is there going to be a pivot? Is the author going to challenge this position? When you see a point of view, and then it's followed by it, but however, yet, such as right here, if that claim isn't assigned to anybody else, that is your author. Even if it had been a different point of view, that would have meant, ooh, there's a debate.
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Is the author going to challenge this position? When you see a point of view, and then it's followed by it, but however, yet, such as right here, if that claim isn't assigned to anybody else, that is your author. Even if it had been a different point of view, that would have meant, ooh, there's a debate. So pivot words generally say there's a framework moment happening right now. Scholars traditionally relied on documents, but our author is saying those documents are fragmentary. It sounds like a problematic adjective.
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