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35623363
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Pineal cyst: results of long-term MRI surveillance and analysis of growth and shrinkage rates.
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Pineal cyst (PC) is a relatively common true cyst in the pineal gland. Its long-term natural course remains ill defined. This study aims to evaluate the long-term natural history of PC and examine MRI risk factors for cyst growth and shrinkage to help better define which patients might benefit from surgical intervention. The records and MRI of 409 consecutive patients with PC were retrospectively examined (nonsurgical cohort). Cyst growth and shrinkage were defined as a ≥ 2-mm increase and decrease in cyst diameter in any direction, respectively. In addition to size, MRI signal intensity ratios were analyzed. The median radiological follow-up period was 10.7 years (interquartile range [IQR] 6.4-14.3 years). The median change in maximal diameter was -0.6 mm (IQR -1.5 to 1.3 mm). During the observation period, cyst growth was confirmed in 21 patients (5.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only age (odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93-0.99, p < 0.01) was significantly associated with cyst growth. No patient required resection during the observation period. Cyst shrinkage was confirmed in 57 patients (13.9%). Multivariate analysis revealed that maximal diameter (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12-1.35, p < 0.01) and cyst CSF T2 signal intensity ratio (OR 9.06, 95% CI 1.38-6.62 × 101, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with cyst shrinkage. Only 5% of PCs, mainly in patients younger than 50 years of age, have the potential to grow, while cyst shrinkage is more likely to occur across all age groups. Younger age is associated with cyst growth, while larger diameter and higher signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging are associated with shrinkage. Surgery is rarely needed for PCs, despite the possibility of a certain degree of growth.
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10.3171/2022.4.JNS22276
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6471135
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Right ventricular contusion: experimental pathophysiology and treatment in an open-chest canine preparation.
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To investigate the pathophysiology and treatment of right ventricular (RV) contusion we assessed biventricular function via volume expansion in eight open-chest, anesthetized, ventilated dogs. Measurements were obtained before and after RV contusion with a captive bolt pistol and during dobutamine infusion. RV contusion depressed both RV and left ventricular (LV) performance as assessed by classical ventricular function curves (p less than 0.05). Dobutamine reduced filling pressure (p less than 0.05) and increased cardiac output (CO) (p less than 0.01) when infused post contusion. Because, on inspection, the LV was not contused, the apparent depression in LV function is most likely due to reduced diastolic compliance secondary to ventricular interdependence. In support of this possibility, in four dogs, LV performance significantly improved (p less than 0.05) when the pericardium was opened. We conclude that RV contusion can depress the relationship between CO and filling pressures in both ventricles and that dobutamine is superior to volume in treating the resultant low cardiac output state.
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35513236
|
The effects of acute Cannabis smoke or Δ 9 -THC injections on the trial-unique, nonmatching-to-location and five-choice serial reaction time tasks in male Long-Evans rats.
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Executive functions including working memory (WM) and attention are altered following Cannabis exposure in humans. To test for similar effects in a rodent model, we exposed adult male rats to acute Cannabis smoke before testing them on touchscreen-based tasks that assess these executive processes. The trial-unique, delayed nonmatching-to-location (TUNL) task was used to evaluate WM, task performance at different spatial pattern separations, and response latencies. The five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) was used to measure attention, impulsivity, perseveration, and response latencies. Rats were exposed acutely to high- Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), low-CBD (Mohawk) and low-THC, high-CBD (Treasure Island) strains of Cannabis smoke using a chamber inhalation system. The effects of Cannabis smoke were directly compared to systemic Δ 9 -THC injection (3.0 mg/kg; i. p.). TUNL task performance was significantly impaired following acute high-THC smoke exposure or THC injections, but not low-THC smoke exposure, with no effects on response latencies. Fewer total trials and selection trials were also performed following THC injections. Performance was poorer for smaller separation distances in all groups. Neither acute smoke exposure, nor injected THC, impacted attentional processes, impulsivity, perseverations, or response latencies in the 5-CSRTT. Pharmacokinetic analysis of rat plasma revealed significantly higher THC levels following injections than smoke exposure 30 min following treatment. Exposure to low-THC, high-CBD Cannabis smoke significantly increased CBD in plasma, relative to the other treatments. Taken together, our results suggest that WM processes as measured by the TUNL task are more sensitive to THC exposure than the attentional and impulsivity measures assessed using the 5-CSRTT. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107624
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3257730
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Evidence for the involvement of endogenous opioids in the inhibition of luteinizing hormone by corticotropin-releasing factor.
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Experiments were carried out in castrate adult male rats to further examine whether endogenous opioids are involved in CRF-induced suppression of LH secretion. Serum LH levels in rats castrated 5 days earlier were significantly reduced by intracerebroventricular administration of homologous (rat) CRF (0.02-2 nmol) within 30 min posttreatment; the effects of 0.02 nmol CRF lasted for at least 2 h, whereas those of 0.2 and 2 nmol CRF were evident for up to 6 h. Rats that received sc infusions of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (9.6 mg/kg. day) for 48 h before testing with 0.2 nmol CRF showed a significant reduction of the LH response to CRF. Rats that received two acute injections of naloxone (2 mg/kg, iv, 30 min apart) also showed an attenuated response to the LH-suppressive effects of CRF. In another experimental model where the opioidergic control of LH secretion is absent or masked, the long term castrate rat, there was also a marked attenuation of the LH-suppressing effects of CRF. Transient replacement of testosterone in long term castrates reinstated the inhibitory effects of CRF on LH secretion. A third experiment, in which short term castrates were pretreated with an opioid antibody and then with CRF, resulted in a significant reduction of the CRF-induced reduction of serum LH levels. These observations indicate that opioid receptor-mediated events play an important part in the actions of CRF on LH secretion. On the basis of our previous experiments in vitro, we propose that CRF stimulates the release of hypothalamic opioid peptides, which in turn inhibits the activity of LHRH neurons and, thus, LH secretion.
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10.1210/endo-122-3-1034
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1399834
|
Hyperactivated motility is coupled with interdependent modifications at axonemal and cytosolic levels in human spermatozoa.
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Whether the motility characteristics of hyperactivated spermatozoa were determined by stable changes at the axonemal level and whether the presence of cytosolic factors was required for the expression of these changes was investigated. Different degrees of sperm hyperactivation were produced in Percoll-washed spermatozoa after incubation for 1 hour to 3 hours at 37 degrees C in Ham's F-10 supplemented with human blood plasma or fetal cord serum. Decomplemented fetal cord serum induced the highest percentage of hyperactivation (19 +/- 3%), followed by human plasma (13 +/- 2%). Fetal cord serum that was not decomplemented did not induce a level of hyperactivation (1.7 +/- 0.2%) significantly different from control levels (0.9 +/- 0.2%). Dialyzed fetal cord serum induced intermediate levels of hyperactivation (6 +/- 1%). The motility characteristics of demembranated sperm models of hyperactivated spermatozoa induced by decomplemented fetal cord serum and nonhyperactivated spermatozoa were compared by videomicroscopy and computer-assisted digital image analysis. After demembranation with Triton X-100 and reactivation of motility by Mg. adenosine triphosphate (Mg. ATP), hyperactivated and nonhyperactivated spermatozoa showed similar motility characteristics. However, hyperactivated spermatozoa that were demembranated and reactivated in cytosolic extracts from hyperactivated spermatozoa had significantly higher (P less than 0.05) linear velocity (33 +/- 4 mu/sec) and lower linearity (0.23 +/- 0.04) than control spermatozoa that were demembranated and reactivated in control cytosolic extracts (velocity = 24 +/- 1 mu/sec; linearity = 0.32 +/- 0.02). The data suggest that the expression of hyperactivated motility requires interdependent changes at the axonemal and cytosolic levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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19411134
|
A descriptive model for metallic ions adsorption from aqueous solutions onto activated carbons.
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The design of adsorber units is mainly dependent on the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the sorbent in the working conditions. At the moment, these data are available in a limited number of experimental conditions and, for the case of activated carbon, there are no predictive models to assess the adsorption capacity as a function of the process parameters. This makes the adsorber design a complex and approximated task. In this work, a model for the description of metallic ions adsorption onto activated carbon is presented. The model starts from an evaluation of ion speciation and it considers the approach of the multi-component Langmuir model to correlate the metal uptake to the ion concentration in solution. The model has been used to analyse available experimental data on the adsorption of As(V), Cd(II), Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions on activated carbon. A good matching between experimental results and model predictions has been obtained for all the investigated conditions.
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10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.105
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27310564
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Development and evaluation of an immunochromatographic strip for rapid screening of sildenafil-type compounds as illegal additives in functional foods.
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Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE-5) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Undeclared sildenafil and related analogues adulterated in functional foods are a threat to public health. To screen these illegal drugs rapidly in herbal samples, an immunochromatographic (IC) assay was developed based on polyclonal antibodies specific to both sildenafil and its analogues. A group that is pharmacological necessary for sildenafil and its analogues was employed as a representative hapten for the generation antibodies against the target compounds. The desired antisera showed satisfactory specificities to sildenafil and major analogues with IC50 values ranging from 19.3 to 34.6 ng ml(-1) in a referring enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The optimised IC assay showed detection thresholds in the range 5.0-20 μg g(-1) for sildenafil and major analogues in herbal samples. Sixty herbal food supplements were screened and six were found to be positive using the IC strip. It was confirmed by ELISA and UPLC-PDA-MS/MS that positive samples contain target illegal additives in levels of 10-40 mg g(-1) (1-4%). In this range, sensitivity of the IC strip is adequate to screen sildenafil-type compounds in herbal commodities under a dilution ratio of 1:10(3). Thus, the current IC assay is a suitable tool for screening sildenafil and its analogues as illegal additives in herbal food supplements.
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10.1080/19440049.2016.1203072
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38325928
|
MSEF-Net: Multi-scale edge fusion network for lumbosacral plexus segmentation with MR image.
|
Nerve damage of spine areas is a common cause of disability and paralysis. The lumbosacral plexus segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans plays an important role in many computer-aided diagnoses and surgery of spinal nerve lesions. Due to the complex structure and low contrast of the lumbosacral plexus, it is difficult to delineate the regions of edges accurately. To address this issue, we propose a Multi-Scale Edge Fusion Network (MSEF-Net) to fully enhance the edge feature in the encoder and adaptively fuse multi-scale features in the decoder. Specifically, to highlight the edge structure feature, we propose an edge feature fusion module (EFFM) by combining the Sobel operator edge detection and the edge-guided attention module (EAM), respectively. To adaptively fuse the multi-scale feature map in the decoder, we introduce an adaptive multi-scale fusion module (AMSF). Our proposed MSEF-Net method was evaluated on the collected spinal MRI dataset with 89 patients (a total of 2848 MR images). Experimental results demonstrate that our MSEF-Net is effective for lumbosacral plexus segmentation with MR images, when compared with several state-of-the-art segmentation methods. Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102771
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3801342
|
Consumers' views of the helpful aspects of an in-patient psychotherapy group: a preliminary communication.
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Preliminary findings of a project to introduce a model of group psychotherapy into an acute admission unit are presented. Over a three-month period, patients' responses to group sessions were recorded using a modified form of the 'most important event' questionnaire (Bloch et al., 1979). Results are discussed in the context of previous findings and further research directions.
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10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02702.x
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27042444
|
Correlation of Oxidative Damage with Pro-Inflammatory Markers (IL-6, TNF-α) in Meningocele.
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Oxidative damage induces alteration in the status of pro-inflammatory markers like IL-6 and TNF-α in meningocele. The study was performed with estimation of the levels of MDA (Malonyldialdehyde), SOD (Superoxide dismutase) taken as oxidative damage markers and IL-6 (interleukin 6) and TNF-α (Tumour necrosis factor alpha) taken as inflammatory markers, in the serum of meningocele patients and age, sex matched normal neonates. Correlation among the different serum levels of MDA, SOD, IL-6 and TNF-α was determined. It is a case-control study, comprising of 153 participants: 101 newborns with meningocele and 52 healthy newborns. The study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, in collaboration with the Department of Paediatric Surgery and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The study was conducted during the period of 2012 to 2014. Serum was extracted from blood collected from both groups i. e. meningocele patient group and healthy neonatal control group. The levels of MDA and SOD were determined by spectrophotometric method. IL-6 was determined by the Human IL-6 High Sensitivity ELISA Kit and TNF-α was determined by the Human TNF-α ELISA KIT. The levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 were found to be much higher and level of SOD was found lower in the patients with meningocele as compared to the normal healthy neonates. Increased MDA (oxidative damage product), IL-6, and TNF-α (inflammatory marker) and low level of SOD shows an increased inflammatory response in Meningocele. Our study shows Negative Correlation between MDA and SOD in case & control groups, while a Positive Correlation between TNF alpha and IL-6 in control & case groups.
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10.7860/JCDR/2016/15872.7229
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29937653
|
Correlation of CD133 and Oct-4 expression with clinicopathological and demographic parameters in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.
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Squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity is one of the most common cancers of Indian subcontinent with the 5-year survival rate of 50% despite the recent advances in the treatment. The aim of the present study was to study cancer stem cell markers CD133 and Oct-4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and their correlation with clinicopathological variables. This was a prospective study which included 50 cases of histopathologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity. Expression of CD133 and Oct-4 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and their expression was correlated with various clinicopathological and demographic parameters. CD133 expression was seen in 20.6% cases of clinical Stage I-II and in 79.4% of clinical stage of III-IV OSCC patients, the difference being statistically significant with the P = 0.048. There was no statistically significant association between CD133 expression and any other clinicopathological or demographic variable. Oct-4 was expressed only in one case. CD133 expression was significantly seen higher in Stage III-IV tumors, the stem cells may be responsible for the aggressiveness of the OSCCs and these stem cells can be potential prognostic markers and targets for the future targeted therapy.
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10.4103/njms.NJMS_60_17
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8520874
|
Early tracheotomy in neutropenic, mechanically ventilated patients: rationale and results of a pilot study.
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Despite substantial advances in the management of such patients, the prognosis of ventilated neutropenic patients remains grim. The objective of our study was to evaluate the benefit of tracheotomy in this category of patients, in terms of mortality while they were in the intensive-care unit and nosocomial pneumonias. The charts of 53 consecutive, ventilated, neutropenic patients, or those destined to be imminently neutropenic, admitted to our intensive-care unit during a 4-year period, have been retrospectively reviewed. Tracheotomy was performed at the bedside or in the operating room: 20 patients underwent tracheotomy within 48 h of mechanical ventilation (ET group), while 33 were tracheotomized later or remained intubated (INT group). The two groups were comparable with regard to the underlying disease, respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation patterns and severity scores, but neutropenia was more profound in the ET group. Mortality while in the intensive-care unit was similar (ET: 70%; INT: 78.8%). However, the survival curves showed a trend towards longer survival in the ET group, even after adjustment for the degree of neutropenia (log-rank test: P = 0.07). The incidence of pneumonias was similar in both groups. No major complications of tracheotomy were reported. These findings suggest that a tracheotomy could be proposed for neutropenic patients requiring mechanical ventilation, in order to prolong their survival beyond the end of the neutropenic period. A prospective study is underway to confirm these preliminary results.
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10.1007/BF00335304
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38677656
|
Inflammation as a mediator between adverse childhood experiences and adult depression: A meta-analytic structural equation model.
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Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) confers a higher risk of developing depression in adulthood, yet the mediation of inflammation remains under debate. To test this model, we conducted a systematic review and two-stage structural equation modelling meta-analysis of studies reporting correlations between ACEs before age 18, inflammatory markers and depression severity in adulthood. Scopus, Pubmed, Medline, PsycInfo, and CINAHL were searched up to 2 October 2023. Twenty-two studies reporting data on C-reactive protein (CRP, n = 12,935), interleukin-6 (IL-6, n = 4108), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, n = 2256) and composite measures of inflammation (n = 1674) were included. Unadjusted models revealed that CRP (β = 0.003, 95 % LBCI 0.0002 to 0.0068), IL-6 (β = 0.003, 95 % LBCI 0.001 to 0.006), and composite inflammation (β = 0.009, 95 % LBCI 0.004 to 0.018) significantly mediated the association between ACEs and adult depression. The mediation effects no longer survived after adjusting for BMI; however, a serial mediation model revealed that BMI and IL-6 sequentially mediated the association between ACEs and depression (β = 0.002, 95 % LBCI 0.0005 to 0.0046), accounting for 14.59 % and 9.94 % of the variance of IL-6 and depressive symptoms, respectively. Due to the cross-sectional nature of assessment of inflammation and depression findings should be approached with caution; however, results suggest that complex interactions of psychoneuroimmunological and metabolic factors underlie the association between ACEs and adulthood depression. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.072
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35365415
|
Annular-shaped stenosis in the ureter: Caution should be taken.
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To draw the attention of clinicians and avoid the misdiagnosis, we investigate the relationship between annular-shaped stenosis under ureteroscopy and the clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with primary urothelial carcinoma of the ureter that have been treated by radical nephroureterectomy. We reviewed the records of patients with primary urothelial carcinoma of the ureter who had received radical nephroureterectomy in our hospital between January 2014 and June 2020. Based on the luminal morphology of the ureteral lesion, patients were divided into two groups: Group A for annular stenosis and Group B for non-annular stenosis. The logistic regression and Cox proportional-hazards models were used to explore the relationship between annular stenosis and clinicopathological findings. We investigated a total of 147 patients in this study, including 30 patients (20.4%) in Group A and 117 (79.6%) patients in Group B. The proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in group A than in group B (66.6% vs. 38.5%, P = 0.006), and the percentage of patients undergoing ureteroscopy with biopsy was also significantly higher in group A than in group B (100% vs. 35.9%, P < 0.001). Besides, the logistic regression model revealed that annular-shaped stenosis was correlated to advanced T-stage (P = 0.002) and worse tumour grade (P < 0.001). During a median follow-up of 35 months (range: 6-73), 45 (30.6%) patients died, including 35 (23.8%) who died of ureteral carcinoma. The 5-year overall survival rate in Group A was significantly lower than in Group B (33.7% vs. 56.1%, P = 0.004). Similarly, the 5-year cancer-specific survival rate in Group A was also considerably lower than Group B (36.7% vs. 64.8%, P = 0.009). According to the multivariate Cox regression analysis that included only preoperative parameters, annular-shaped stenosis was an independent risk factor for both overall survival and cancer-specific survival (P = 0.006, P = 0.012, respectively). Annular-shaped stenosis indicates high carcinoma invasiveness and poor prognosis for patients with primary transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter. This condition can be easily misidentified, so clinicians should pay more attention when making diagnoses. Additionally, we discovered that diabetes mellitus may contribute to the development of annular stenosis. Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.01.015
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15901487
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Isolation and characterization of a new Vesivirus from rabbits.
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This report describes the isolation, cDNA cloning, complete genome nucleotide sequence, and partial characterization of a new cultivable calicivirus isolated from juvenile feeder European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) showing symptoms of diarrhea. Absence of neutralization by type-specific neutralizing antibodies for 40 caliciviruses and phylogenetic sequence comparisons of the open reading frame 1-encoded polyprotein with those of other caliciviruses demonstrate that this new calicivirus is a putative novel member of the Vesivirus genus which is closely related to the marine calicivirus subgroup. According to its putative classification, this new virus has been named rabbit vesivirus.
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10.1016/j.virol.2005.04.018
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31257579
|
Rituximab as an adjuvant therapy for pemphigus: experience in 61 patients from a single center with long-term follow-up.
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Rituximab is increasingly being used as an adjuvant treatment for recalcitrant or relapsed pemphigus, but information on its use as a first-line agent is limited. We describe the long-term effectiveness and safety of rituximab in the treatment of pemphigus and compare the treatment outcomes when rituximab is used as first-line treatment vis-à-vis after treatment failure or relapse. This was a retrospective review of 61 patients with pemphigus treated with rituximab at our center from March 2012 to October 2018. Of the 61 patients, 51 achieved complete remission (on or off treatment) and 10 had partial remission. Forty-nine (80.33%) patients achieved complete remission off prednisolone over a mean period of 8.08 ± 4.45 (range 3-20) months. Seventeen (27.9%) patients relapsed after a mean period of 23.94 ± 13.15 months after first rituximab cycle and 15.97 + 13.7 months after stopping prednisolone. Treatment-related serious adverse effects were noted in six (9.8%) patients. Eighteen (29.5%) patients were administered rituximab as the first-line adjuvant, while 43 (70.5%) patients received it after treatment failure or relapse. In both groups, remission rates on prednisolone (88.9%, 81.4%) and off prednisolone (88.9%, 76.7%) were comparable (P > 0.05). Relapse rates in the group which received rituximab as first-line treatment were about half of those who received rituximab after relapse or treatment failure (16.7% vs. 32.6%, P = 0.348). No statistically significant difference was seen in the times to different treatment endpoints (disease control, complete remission on and off prednisolone, and relapse) between the two groups. Rituximab is a safe and effective adjuvant in the treatment of pemphigus. Treatment outcomes were better for patients who received rituximab as first-line treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant. © 2019 The International Society of Dermatology.
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10.1111/ijd.14546
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2971875
|
The binding of IgG1 containing immune complexes to the FcR of allogenically activated T cells induces changes in the membrane potential and the cell surface charge.
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The effect on membrane potential and cell surface charge of binding immune complexes containing IgG1 and IgG2a monoclonal antibodies to Fc receptors was studied in resting and allogenically activated murine T cells. IgG1 complexed by antigen or heat aggregation induced electrophysiological changes on activated T cells. A biphasic alteration of membrane potential was detected by measurement of the intra- and extracellular distribution of the fluorescent dye, DiOC6. A short-lived hyperpolarization, detectable for 4-6 min after adding the respective ligand, was followed by a longer lasting depolarization. The cell surface charge, measured by cell electrophoresis, was also changed. This alteration was detected 2-4 hr after addition of immune complexes and disappeared by the 8th hr of incubation. Monoclonal antibody 2.4. G2, reactive with mouse FcR, induced a similar membrane potential response on activated T cells, but did not affect the cell surface charge. Monomeric IgGs and complexes of IgG2a did not modify these parameters. FcR ligands had no effect on the studied characteristics of resting T cells.
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10.1016/0161-5890(88)90073-9
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6222711
|
Resection of aortic arch aneurysms: a comparison of hypothermic techniques in 60 patients.
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Hypothermic circulatory arrest has been used to facilitate resection of aneurysms of the aortic arch. During a five-year period, two methods of hypothermic arrest were compared in 60 patients. In Group 1, 20 patients underwent deep hypothermia (14 degrees to 18 degrees C) and circulatory arrest to allow repair of the transverse arch under optimal conditions. A hospital mortality of 50% occurred and was attributed to uncontrolled hemorrhage and cerebral or cardiac complications. In Group 2, modified techniques were employed in 40 patients and included moderate levels of hypothermia (22 degrees to 26 degrees C) and simplified operative methods, which reduced the duration of circulatory arrest and shortened the length of perfusion. Pretreatment of plasma-soaked Dacron grafts by autoclaving eliminated serious bleeding problems. A marked improvement in patient survival (90%) and reduction in postoperative complications were observed after adoption of these modifications. The improved results in the present series have reconfirmed our belief that this type of intervention is the preferred approach to aneurysms of the aortic arch.
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10.1016/s0003-4975(10)60643-1
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18244735
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Global exponential tracking control of a mobile robot system via a PE condition.
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This paper presents the design of a differentiable, kinematic control law that achieves global asymptotic tracking. In addition, we also illustrate how the proposed kinematic controller provides global exponential tracking provided the reference trajectory satisfies a mild persistency of excitation (PE) condition. We also illustrate how the proposed kinematic controller can be slightly modified to provide for global asymptotic regulation of both the position and orientation of the mobile robot. Finally, we embed the differentiable kinematic controller inside of an adaptive controller that fosters global asymptotic tracking despite parametric uncertainty associated with the dynamic model. Experimental results are also provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed adaptive tracking controller.
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10.1109/3477.826953
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35292786
|
Relationship of PPARG overexpression with prognostic parameters in papillary thyroid carcinoma.
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PAX8/PPARG chromosomal rearrangement is frequently seen in thyroid cancer, and PPARG overexpression has been shown in the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, but not in papillary thyroid carcinoma other than the follicular variant. The main aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of PPARG overexpression among papillary thyroid carcinoma and if there were any variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma with PPARG overexpression other than the follicular variant. Immunohistochemical analysis of PPARG overexpression was performed using a PPARG monoclonal antibody in a series of 111 paraffin-embedded blocks of thyroid tumours. Of the patients in our study, 100 were diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma, 9 with follicular adenoma and 2 with follicular carcinoma. PPARG staining was detected in 19 of the 111 cases. Sixteen patients with PPARG overexpression had papillary thyroid carcinoma and 3 had follicular adenoma. PPARG overexpression was detected mainly in follicular-variant papillary thyroid carcinoma. Vascular invasion, lymphatic invasion, thyroid capsule invasion and lymph node positivity were lower in patients with PPARG overexpression. Copyright © 2022 Società Italiana di Otorinolaringoiatria e Chirurgia Cervico-Facciale, Rome, Italy.
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10.14639/0392-100X-N1034
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29145311
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Pulmonary hypertension as a manifestation of mitochondrial disease: A case report and review of the literature.
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Mitochondrial diseases are a group of multisystem heterogeneous diseases caused by pathologic dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. A wide range of clinical expression has been described. However, pulmonary hypertension has rarely been described in association with mitochondrial disease until the past decade, and there is no currently recognized treatment for the pulmonary hypertension complicated with mitochondrial disorder. We reported the case of a 15-year-old boy who presented with shortness of breath and exercise limitation after a cold, and the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension was confirmed by right heart catheter. Other examinations, such as blood tests, high- resolution chest computed tomography scan, and pulmonary function test, excluded other associated diseases as causes of pulmonary hypertension. The initial diagnosis was idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and an injection of vasodilator (Treprostinil) was given. However, the dyspnea and fatigue subsequently got worsened. Tracing back his family history, together with the electromyography, nerve conduction studies, and the result of muscle biopsy, mitochondrial disease was confirmed. After treatment with vitamin E, vitamin B2, ATP, and coenzyme Q10, the patient's condition improved. Pulmonary hypertension should be considered as another potential manifestation of mitochondrial disease. Both mechanism and treatment for pulmonary hypertension complicated with mitochondrial disease are unclear. Further study is necessary.
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10.1097/MD.0000000000008716
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27942265
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Correlations Between Changes in Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin and Muscle Function in Hypoparathyroidism.
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Muscles and bones are interconnected. Recent studies suggest that undercarboxylated osteocalcin from bone may affect muscle mass and strength. There are, however, no prospective human data on this relationship. We previously treated patients with hypoparathyroidism with intact Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) or placebo in a six-month randomized, placebo-controlled trial and demonstrated a marked increase in undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) in the PTH-treated group. We therefore investigated if this increase correlated with changes in muscle mass, strength or function. Primarily, the muscle mass using Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) was measured and the maximal voluntary isometric muscle strength at the upper and lower extremities, using dynamometry, was assessed. Furthermore, repeated chair stands test, Timed Up and Go test were performed and postural stability using a stadiometer was assessed. Finally, the relationship between change in ucOC or the ratio of the changes in ucOC and total OC (ucOC%/OC%) and different measures of muscle function were analyzed, using regression analyses. The findings indicated that ucOC%/OC% was positively and significantly associated with percentage change in max force production during elbow extension (β = 0.28, P = 0.034), however, all other associations were non-significant. Given the number of statistical tests that were carried out, our one significant finding may represent a false positive. Thus the results do not support the role of ucOC in muscle function in humans with hypoparathyroidism. Our results are inconsistent with previous data from a human cross-sectional study; however, cross-sectional studies, do not allow for inference of causality. The analyses should be repeated in larger, randomized trials including healthy individuals.
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10.5812/ijem.38440
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20428989
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Failed videolaryngoscope intubation in a patient with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and spinal cord injury.
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A case of difficult intubation in a patient with cervical spinal cord injury with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is described. The trachea could not be intubated with a videolaryngoscope, and successful intubation was achieved with a laryngeal mask airway device (LMAD) and a fibreoptic bronchoscope (FOB). A 65-yr-old male developed sudden tetraplegia after a fall. Initial attempts at securing his airway were unsuccessful with a videolaryngoscope, but success was achieved with a LMAD and a FOB. Diagnostic imaging revealed no cervical spine fracture but demonstrated severe airway distortion from DISH and a spinal cord contusion accounting for his tetraplegia. Subcutaneous neck emphysema likely secondary to difficult intubation was also identified, but it did not result in additional morbidity. Although often considered to be a benign entity, DISH can predispose patients to catastrophic cervical injury and difficult airway management. Careful review of plain radiographs in the spinal cord injury patient may assist with appropriate selection of airway interventions. The videolaryngoscope is useful for difficult airways, but its effectiveness may be compromised with an anteriorly displaced airway in combination with restricted cervical movement and limited oropharyngeal airspace.
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10.1007/s12630-010-9313-5
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17175384
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Translocation (10;17)(p15;q21) is a recurrent anomaly in acute myeloblastic leukemia.
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We report here two cases of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia, type M1 (FAB classification), associated with a t(10;17)(p15;q21). Fluorescence in situ hybridization with the LSI PML/RARA dual-color probe showed the breakpoint to be distal to the RARA locus. Four other patients with this translocation have been reported, three of them having acute undifferentiated or poorly differentiated leukemia.
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10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2006.08.001
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20428950
|
Comparison of surrogate serum markers and transient elastography (Fibroscan) for assessing cirrhosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.
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Progressive hepatic fibrosis with development of cirrhosis is a feature of almost all chronic liver diseases. We assessed the performance of Fibroscan in patients with chronic viral hepatitis, and in comparison with and combined with several surrogate serum markers for predicting cirrhosis. In this prospective multicenter cohort study, a novel panel of serum markers was constructed and serum levels of surrogate markers of liver fibrosis and Fibroscan were compared with the stage of fibrosis in the liver biopsy specimens obtained from 121 subjects with chronic viral hepatitis. Another 159 patients were enrolled to validate the diagnostic accuracy of this novel panel. Multivariate analysis identified platelet count and procollagen III N-terminal peptide (PIIINP) as independent predictors of liver cirrhosis. The PP score (combining of platelet count and PIIINP) showed significantly better diagnostic accuracy (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, AUROC: 0.885) than that of previously reported serologic tests, including APRI, Forns fibrosis index, FIB-4 index and ELF algorithm, in the validation group (AUROC: 0.792, 0.740, 0.800, and 0.775, respectively). The AUROC of Fibroscan was 0.743 and the best performance was obtained by combining Fibroscan, platelet count and PIIINP, with an AUROC of 0.826. However, there was no significant difference among the AUROCs of Fibroscan alone, PP score, the combination of Fibroscan and PP score, and previously reported serologic tests in the estimation group. Fibroscan and surrogate serum markers had similar accuracy for predicting cirrhosis, and combining Fibroscan and serum markers did not improve the accuracy.
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10.1007/s10620-010-1219-0
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34562184
|
VACuum INtubation (VACcIN) box restricts the exhaled air dispersion generated by simulated cough: description and simulation-based tests of an innovative aerosolization protective prototype.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused personal protective equipment shortages worldwide and required healthcare workers to develop novel ways of protecting themselves. Anesthesiologists in particular are exposed to increased risks of contamination when performing interventions such as airway manipulations. We developed and tested an aerosolization protective device which contains aerosols around the patient's airway and helps eliminate particles using negative pressure. This intubation box is a polymethyl methacrylate prism with openings for gloves, integrated suction and ventilation connectors. We conducted a randomised controlled series of tests to detect 0.5 µm particles after a simulated cough inside the intubation box, using a high-fidelity simulation mannequin. Setting and main outcome: We measured particle concentrations inside the box with and without suction turned on, in both negative and positive pressure operating rooms. We also obtained particle concentrations outside our box and compared them to non-airtight barrier devices. One minute following simulated cough, the mean number of particles per cubic foot in our box with suction on is around 45% that with the suction off (1,462,373 vs 3,272,080, P < 0.0001) in the negative pressure room, and four times lower than with the suction off (760,380 vs 3,088,700, P < 0.0001) in the positive pressure room. After a simulated cough inside the box, particles can be detected in front of the anesthesiologist's face with a non-airtight device, while none are detected when our box is sealed and its suction turned on. The use of our negative pressure intubation box prevents contamination of surroundings and increases particle elimination, regardless of room pressure. © 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B. V.
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10.1007/s10877-021-00759-0
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878895
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Roentgen stereophotogrammetry for determination of bone growth. Comparison with the tetracycline method.
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Two different methods for determination of leg growth, the tetracycline method and roentgen stereophotogrammetry, were applied simultaneously in 41 young rabbits and compared 1 and 2, and 21 and 22 days after insertion of pins or balls of tantalum as markers. The tetracycline method gave slightly higher values than the other method, the difference varying between 77 and 6 micrometer/d on the first 2 days after marker insertion and between 32 and 1 micrometer/d after 3 weeks. When ball markers were used, agreement between the two methods was obtained 3 weeks after insertion. The difference between the methods used is due to that the two methods did not measure growth in precisely identical regions.
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10.1177/028418517701800112
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38934263
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SKArred 2 death: neuroinflammatory breakdown of the hippocampus.
|
A multitude of cellular responses to intrinsic and extrinsic signals converge on macroautophagy/autophagy, a conserved catabolic process that degrades cytoplasmic constituents and organelles in the lysosome, particularly during starvation or stress. In addition to protein degradation, autophagy is deeply interconnected with unconventional protein secretion and polarized sorting at multiple levels within eukaryotic cells. Secretory autophagy (SA) has been recognized as a novel mechanism in which autophagosomes fuse with the plasma membrane and actively participate in the secretion of a series of cytosolic proteins, ranging from tissue remodeling factors to inflammatory molecules of the IL1 family. SA is partially controlled by the glucocorticoid-responsive, HSP90 co-chaperone FKBP5 and members of the SNARE proteins, SEC22B, SNAP23, SNAP29, STX3 and STX4. SA deregulation is implicated in several inflammatory pathologies, including cancer, cell death and degeneration. However, the key molecular mechanisms governing SA and its regulation remain elusive, as does its role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. To further characterize SA and pinpoint its involvement in neuroinflammatory processes, we studied SA-relevant protein interaction networks in mouse brain, microglia and human postmortem brain tissue from control subjects and Alzheimer disease cases. We demonstrate that SA regulates neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegeneration via SKA2 and FKBP5 signaling.
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10.1080/15548627.2024.2373675
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31964604
|
GORK Channel: A Master Switch of Plant Metabolism?
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Potassium regulates a plethora of metabolic and developmental response in plants, and upon exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses a substantial K + loss occurs from plant cells. The outward-rectifying potassium efflux GORK channels are central to this stress-induced K + loss from the cytosol. In the mammalian systems, signaling molecules such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, G-proteins, ATP, inositol, and protein phosphatases were shown to operate as ligands controlling many K + efflux channels. Here we present the evidence that the same molecules may also regulate GORK channels in plants. This mechanism enables operation of the GORK channels as a master switch of the cell metabolism, thus adjusting intracellular K + homeostasis to altered environmental conditions, to maximize plant adaptive potential. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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10.1016/j.tplants.2019.12.012
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35564879
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Comparative Study of Algal Responses and Adaptation Capability to Ultraviolet Radiation with Different Nutrient Regimes.
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Frequent outbreaks of harmful algal blooms (HABs) represent one of the most serious outcomes of eutrophication, and light radiation plays a critical role in the succession of species. Therefore, a better understanding of the impact of light radiation is essential for mitigating HABs. In this study, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and non-toxic and toxic Microcystis aeruginosa were mono-cultured and co-cultured to explore algal responses under different nutrient regimes. Comparisons were made according to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), UV-B radiation exerted oxidative stresses, and negative effects on the photosynthesis and growth of three species under normal growth conditions, and algal adaptive responses included extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, the regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, photosynthetic pigments synthesis, etc. Three species had strain-specific responses to UV-B radiation and toxic M. aeruginosa was more tolerant and showed a higher adaptation capability to UV-B in the mono-cultures, including the lower sensitivity and better self-repair efficiency. In addition to stable μ max in PAR ad UV-B treatments, higher EPS production and enhanced production of photosynthetic pigments under UV-B radiation, toxic M. aeruginosa showed a better recovery of its photosynthetic efficiency. Nutrient enrichment alleviated the negative effects of UV-B radiation on three species, and the growth of toxic M. aeruginosa was comparable between PAR and UV-B treatment. In the co-cultures with nutrient enrichment, M. aeruginosa gradually outcompeted C. pyrenoidosa in the PAR treatment and UV-B treatment enhanced the growth advantages of M. aeruginosa, when toxic M. aeruginosa showed a greater competitiveness. Overall, our study indicated the adaptation of typical algal species to ambient UV-B radiation and the stronger competitive ability of toxic M. aeruginosa in the UV-radiated waters with severer eutrophication.
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10.3390/ijerph19095485
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25838737
|
Mumbai psychiatry: current obstacles.
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Mumbai, like any other Metro city, has its own share of contentious issues influencing psychiatric management. These could be old ongoing issues like myths about medications, electroconvulsive therapy and counselling, or newer ones like our stand on homosexuality and crime related to psychosocial factors. A range of these issues is considered in this paper along with some possible solutions. Getting due credit and status for psychiatry as a medical branch is also a challenge we need to address.
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10.4103/0973-1229.153337
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12392344
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Subjective quality of life, health, I-ADL ability and adaptation strategies in fibromyalgia.
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To describe subjective quality of life and health, self-perceived instrumental activities of daily living (I-ADL) ability and adaptation strategies, and to explore possible relationships between these variables in fibromyalgia patients. Two instruments were used with fibromyalgia patients: the Fibrositis Impact Questionnaire and 'Living with fibromyalgia - adaptation to chronic disease and handicap', and correlative analyses were performed. A sample of 34 patients undergoing rehabilitation (in a specific programme). The majority of the patients used many adaptation strategies, demonstrating some significant relationships with perceived I-ADL ability and subjective quality of life and health. Different symptoms correlated highly significantly with self-perceived ability in I-ADL. The significant relationships between adaptation strategies and I-ADL ability and health demonstrated deserve clinical awareness and further research efforts.
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10.1191/0269215502cr539oa
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38183842
|
The role of water matrix on antibiotic resistance genes transmission in substrate layer from stormwater bioretention cells.
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Recently, extensive attention has been paid to antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) transmission. However, little available literature could be found about ARGs transmission in stormwater bioretention cells, especially the role of water matrix on ARGs transmission. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate target ARGs (blaTEM, tetR and aphA) transmission behaviors in substrate layer from stormwater bioretention cells under different water matrices, including nutrient elements (e. g., carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus), water environmental conditions (dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and salinity, etc.) and pollution factors (like heavy metals, antibiotics and disinfectants), showing that ARGs conjugation frequency increased sharply with the enhancement of water matrices (expect DO and pH), while there were obvious increasing tendencies for all ARGs transformation frequencies under only the pollution factor. The correlation between dominant bacteria and ARGs transmission implied that conjugation and transformation of ARGs were mainly determined by Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Latescibacterota, Chloroflexi and Cyanobacteria at the phylum level, and by Sphingomonas, Ensifer, IMCC26256, Rubellimicrobium, Saccharimonadales, Vicinamibacteraceae, Nocardioides, JG30-KF-CM66 at the genus level. The mentioned dominant bacteria were responsible for intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell membrane permeability (CMP) in the substrate layer, where the amplification of intracellular ROS variation were the largest with 144 and 147 % under the condition of TP and salinity, respectively, and the one of CMP variation were the highest more than 165 % under various pollution factors. Furthermore, both increasing DO and reducing salinity could be potential approaches for the inhibition of ARGs transmission in bioretention cells taking into account the simultaneous removal of conventional pollutants. Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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10.1016/j.watres.2024.121103
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9458010
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Removal of anti-porcine natural antibodies from human and nonhuman primate plasma in vitro and in vivo by a Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4betaGlc-X immunoaffinity column.
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Natural antibodies (NAbs) against a terminal alpha1-3 galactosyl (alphaGal) epitope have been identified as the major human anti-pig NAbs. We used two synthetic alphaGal trisaccharides--type 6 (alphaGal6) and type 2(alphaGal2)--linked to an inert matrix to remove NAbs from human plasma in vitro. Flow cytometry indicated that an average of 85% of the NAb binding activity was depleted by adsorption with alphaGal6. By measuring the binding of NAbs to pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bone marrow cells, we demonstrated that alphaGal6 was more effective than alphaGal2 in removing NAbs, and the combination of alphaGal6 + alphaGal2 did not further increase removal of NAbs. The specificity of the removal of NAbs (IgM and IgG) reactive with the alphaGal epitope by alphaGal6 matrix was shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vivo studies in nonhuman primates compared plasma perfusion through a alphaGal6 immunoaffinity column with hemoperfusion through a pig liver for changes in blood pressure, hematocrit, platelets, and NAb adsorption. Both methods reduced the level of anti-pig IgM and IgG xenoreactive antibodies to nearly background, but column perfusion caused less hypotension and reduction in platelets than liver perfusion. Four pig kidneys transplanted into monkeys after column perfusion did not undergo hyperacute rejection, remaining functional for 2-10 days, with a mean functional period of 7 days, demonstrating that a pig kidney can support renal function in a primate.
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10.1097/00007890-199801270-00005
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25750126
|
Systemic amyloidosis: lessons from β2-microglobulin.
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β2-Microglobulin is responsible for systemic amyloidosis affecting patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Its genetic variant D76N causes a very rare form of familial systemic amyloidosis. These two types of amyloidoses differ significantly in terms of the tissue localization of deposits and for major pathological features. Considering how the amyloidogenesis of the β2-microglobulin mechanism has been scrutinized in depth for the last three decades, the comparative analysis of molecular and pathological properties of wild type β2-microglobulin and of the D76N variant offers a unique opportunity to critically reconsider the current understanding of the relation between the protein's structural properties and its pathologic behavior. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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10.1074/jbc.R115.639799
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31532187
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Tubular Network Formation by Mixing Amphiphilic Polypeptides with Differing Hydrophilic Blocks.
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Artificial tubular networks are promising structures for biomaterial applications because of their large surface areas. A tubular network was formed by co-assembling two different amphiphilic polypeptides, poly(ethylene glycol)- b -(l-Leu-Aib) 6 (PL12) and polysarcosine- b -(l-Leu-Aib) 6 (SL12). They both have the same hydrophobic 12-mer helical block (l-Leu-Aib) 6 but different hydrophilic chains, poly(ethylene glycol) and polysarcosine. In water, both polypeptides self-assembled into a tubular structure having a uniform 80 nm diameter that was formed by packing among the hydrophobic L12 blocks. The SL12 nanotubes were short (200 nm), straight, and robust. PL12 formed long (>1 μm), bendable, and fusogenic nanotubes. The amphiphiles were then co-assembled with various mixing ratios to form tubular networks. Higher concentrations of PL12 made the nanotubes more bendable and fusogenic between open tube ends, which produced branching junctions under heat treatment.
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10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00986
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39717230
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Case report of a Sertoli cell tumor with unique presentation including fevers, weight loss, and leukocytosis in a 13-year-old male.
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Sertoli cell tumors are a rare type of sex-cord stromal tumor. We present a case of a thirteen-year-old male presenting with 2-3 months of fevers and twenty-pound weight loss. Evaluation revealed leukocytosis, anemia, elevated systemic inflammatory markers and a negative infectious disease evaluation. An evaluation for malignancy revealed an incidental testicular mass. A radical orchiectomy lead to prompt resolution of fevers, leukocytosis, and elevated systemic inflammatory markers. Final pathology was consistent with a Sertoli cell tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a Sertoli cell tumor presenting with fever, leukocytosis, and weight loss. © 2024 The Author(s).
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10.1016/j.eucr.2024.102884
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9613738
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Double-blind controlled trial of gabapentin in essential tremor.
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Gabapentin has been reported to be effective for essential tremor (ET) based on open-label trials. We studied gabapentin (1800 mg/day) and placebo in a double-blind crossover design in 20 ET patients. Eighteen patients completed the study and two patients dropped out as a result of adverse effects which resolved when the medication was discontinued. Tremor was assessed at baseline and after 2 weeks of gabapentin and placebo treatment. One patient was mildly improved and another was moderately improved with placebo. Similarly, one patient reported mild improvement and another patient had marked improvement with gabapentin. All the remaining patients either reported no change or were worse with both treatment arms. There was no significant difference for total tremor score, hand tremor score, handwriting scores, or pouring scores. Sickness Impact Profile scores were no different between placebo and gabapentin. Our results suggest that as an adjuvant therapy in ET, gabapentin has limited benefit.
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10.1002/mds.870130315
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39165299
|
Serial tissue expansion and excision for reconstruction of giant dorsal congenital melanocytic nevus: A case report.
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Giant congenital melanocytic nevus often necessitates meticulous planning and multiple treatment stages for complete surgical excision. This report presents a case of giant congenital melanocytic nevus on the back managed through serial tissue expansion and excision. Initially, two expanders were placed at the deep fascia level. Sequential outpatient expansions over 10 weeks were followed by expander removal, partial nevus excision, defect coverage with expanded skin flaps, and simultaneous placement of a new expander. The subsequent single expander expansion over 12 weeks involved a total of 600 mL of saline. After three operations spanning approximately 6 months, 54 cm × 36 cm of giant congenital melanocytic nevus skin, covering 65% of the patient's back, was completely excised. Serial tissue expansion and excision may be an effective surgical approach for managing dorsal giant congenital melanocytic nevus, reducing the need for multiple surgeries and achieving favorable aesthetic outcomes. © The Author(s) 2024.
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10.1177/2050313X241275330
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18088080
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Neuroendocrine pathways in benzodiazepine dependence: new targets for research and therapy.
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Benzodiazepines are known to modulate the activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis by antagonizing the effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRH). Besides regulating the HPA axis CRH evolves properties of a neurotransmitter in the limbic system that is closely involved in the delivery of the emotional consequences of the stress response. At a superordinated level Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Cholecystokinin (CCK) affect the release of CRH and modulate thereby the intensity of the physiological stress response. Benzodiazepine treatment interferes not only with the release of CRH but also with the release of NPY and CCK. Alterations in the intracortical ratio of NPY, CCK and CRH are correlated with behavioural changes like increased respectively decreased anxiety and subsequent alterations in the activity of the HPA axis. Recent research offers the possibility that the alterations of plasma levels of these neuropeptides are not only a secondary phenomenon due to drug intake, but that low levels of those neuropeptides that modulate anxiety and fear can possibly explain addiction to substances that counterbalance these deficits. Depending on the available results possible implications of NPY and CCK on benzodiazepine addiction and withdrawal symptoms are reviewed, thereby providing topics for further research. 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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10.1002/hup.911
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7446599
|
Influence of iconicity and phonological similarity on sign learning by mentally retarded children.
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The acquisition sign-word pairs by verbal moderately and severely retarded children as a function of the iconicity and cheremic (phonological) similarity of the signs and the vocabulary age of the subjects was studied using a recall format (alternate learning and test trials) paired-associates paradigm. Results of an analysis of variance revealed that iconicity enhanced learning, similarity interfered with acquisition, and there was no effect of vocabulary age within the range studied. There were not interaction among the above variables. Results were discussed in terms of the implications for teaching sign as a communication tool and for further research.
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37178950
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Responsiveness of the Reaching Performance Scale for Stroke.
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The objective of the study was to estimate the internal and external responsiveness of the Reaching Performance Scale for Stroke (RPSS) in individuals with stroke. Retrospective analysis of data from 4 randomized controlled trials. Recruitment locations spanning rehabilitation centers and hospitals in Canada, Italy, Argentina, Peru, and Thailand. Data from 567 participants (acute to chronic stroke; N=567) were available. All 4 studies involved training using virtual reality for upper limb rehabilitation. RPSS and upper extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA-UE) scores. Responsiveness was quantified for all data and across different stages of stroke. Internal responsiveness of the RPSS was quantified as effect-sizes calculated using post and preintervention change data. External responsiveness was quantified using orthogonal regressions between FMA-UE and RPSS scores. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) was quantified based on the ability of RPSS scores to detect change above FMA-UE minimal clinically important different values across different stages of stroke. The RPSS had high internal responsiveness overall and across the acute or subacute and chronic stages of stroke. For external responsiveness, orthogonal regression analyses indicated that change in FMA-UE scores had positive moderate correlations with both RPSS Close and Far Target scores for all data and across the acute or subacute and chronic stages of stroke (0.6<r<0.7). The AUC was acceptable for both targets (0.65<AUC values<0.8) across the acute or subacute and chronic stages. In addition to being reliable and valid, the RPSS is also responsive. Along with the FMA-UE, using RPSS scores can help present a more comprehensive picture of motor compensations to characterize poststroke upper limb motor improvement. Copyright © 2023 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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10.1016/j.apmr.2023.04.020
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37057299
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White light emission and energy transfer of LaMgAl 11 O 19:Eu 3+, Tb 3+ phosphors.
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White-light-tunable LaMgAl 11 O 19:x%Tb 3+, y%Eu 3+ series phosphors were prepared using the gel-combustion method. The structure and luminescence properties were studied, and the energy transfer of Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ in the LaMgAl 11 O 19 system was also discussed. The results showed that the LaMgAl 11 O 19 matrix exhibited strong emission in the blue-light region under the excitation of ultraviolet light, which resulted in conditions suitable for the preparation of white-light-tunable phosphors. The emission spectra of LaMgAl 11 O 19:2%Tb 3+, y%Eu 3+ (y = 2%-9%) series phosphors were obtained through optimization experiments. It could be seen from the CIE diagram that by adjusting the doping quantities of Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ in the LaMgAl 11 O 19 host, multicolor luminescence and white light emission in a single host could be achieved. By calculating the energy transfer efficiency and critical distance between Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ series phosphors, the mechanism of energy transfer between Tb 3+ and Eu 3+ was found to be the interaction between electric quadruples. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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10.1002/bio.4504
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29483674
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Prediabetes and diabetes in a cohort of Qatari women screened for polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but its association with prediabetes and T2DM is unknown in Qatar. A cross sectional analysis of 3,017 Qatari subjects from the Qatar Biobank, identified 749 women aged 18-40 years, 720 of whom were assessed by the National Institute for Health (NIH) Guidelines for PCOS. Prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7-6.4% and/or impaired fasting glucose (IFG): fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 100-125 mg/dL (5.6-6.9 mmol/L)), and T2DM (fasting plasma glucose > 125 mg/dL (≥7 mmol/L), and/or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) were determined. The prevalence of prediabetes was 10.6% and the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was found to be 4.0% in the total population. Overall, 12.1% of 720 women had PCOS, of whom FPG and HbA1c were available in 62 women with PCOS: 19.4% had prediabetes and 9.7% had diabetes. An adverse cardiovascular risk profile for IFG women compared to normal women was found. Women with PCOS alone had a similar adverse cardiovascular profile as those with IFG alone and T2DM. Thus, the risk of prediabetes and diabetes is increased in Qatari women with PCOS, with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile similar to that seen in prediabetes and T2DM.
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10.1038/s41598-018-21987-6
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33911969
|
MicroRNA-567 inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in A549 NSCLC cells by regulating cyclin-dependent kinase 8.
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MicroRNA-567 (miR-567) plays a decisive role in cancers whereas its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unexplored. This study was therefore planned to explore the regulatory function of miR-567 in A549 NSCLC cells and investigate its possible molecular mechanism that may help in NSCLC treatment. In the current study, miR-567 expression was examined by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in different NSCLC cell lines in addition to normal cell line. A549 NSCLC cells were transfected by miR-567 mimic, miR-567 inhibitor, and negative control siRNA. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT and 5-bromo-2'deoxyuridine assays. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were studied by flow cytometry. Bioinformatics analysis programs were used to expect the putative target of miR-567. The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) gene at mRNA and protein levels were evaluated by using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Our results found that miR-567 expressions decreased in all the studied NSCLC cells as compared to the normal cell line. A549 cell proliferation was suppressed by miR-567 upregulation while cell apoptosis was promoted. Also, miR-567 upregulation induced cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 and S phases. CDK8 was expected as a target gene of miR-567. MiR-567 upregulation decreased CDK8 mRNA and protein expression while the downregulation of miR-567 increased CDK8 gene expression. These findings revealed that miR-567 may be a tumor suppressor in A549 NSCLC cells through regulating CDK8 gene expression and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment. © 2021 The Author(s).
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10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.001
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32003966
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In Situ Fluorescent and Photoacoustic Imaging of Golgi pH to Elucidate the Function of Transmembrane Protein 165.
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Golgi pH homeostasis affects many different biological processes, including glycosylation. Recent studies have demonstrated that transmembrane protein 165 (TMEM165) deficiency leads to Golgi glycosylation abnormalities by disturbing Golgi pH homeostasis. However, due to the lack of specific tools to measure Golgi pH in situ, evidence for TMEM165 involvement in H + transport in the Golgi apparatus is still absent. Herein, the photoacoustic and fluorescent dual-mode probe CPH was developed for ratiometric detection of Golgi pH. CPH was proved to accumulate in the Golgi apparatus and reversibly image Golgi pH in real-time with high sensitivity in cells. Furthermore, we found that the absence of TMEM165 influenced H + equilibrium and caused Golgi apparatus acidification. Our work provides strong evidence that TMEM165 regulates Golgi pH homeostasis. Moreover, we believe that CPH has the potential to be a practical tool to monitor Golgi pH in various biological processes.
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10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04709
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20959107
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Diffusion and sedimentation interaction parameters for measuring the second virial coefficient and their utility as predictors of protein aggregation.
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The concentration-dependence of the diffusion and sedimentation coefficients (k(D) and k(s), respectively) of a protein can be used to determine the second virial coefficient (B₂), a parameter valuable in predicting protein-protein interactions. Accurate measurement of B₂ under physiologically and pharmaceutically relevant conditions, however, requires independent measurement of k(D) and k(s) via orthogonal techniques. We demonstrate this by utilizing sedimentation velocity (SV) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to analyze solutions of hen-egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and a monoclonal antibody (mAb1) in different salt solutions. The accuracy of the SV-DLS method was established by comparing measured and literature B₂ values for HEWL. In contrast to the assumptions necessary for determining k(D) and k(s) via SV alone, k(D) and ks were of comparable magnitudes, and solution conditions were noted for both HEWL and mAb1 under which 1), k(D) and k(s) assumed opposite signs; and 2), k(D) ≥k(s). Further, we demonstrate the utility of k(D) and k(s) as qualitative predictors of protein aggregation through agitation and accelerated stability studies. Aggregation of mAb1 correlated well with B₂, k(D), and k(s), thus establishing the potential for k(D) to serve as a high-throughput predictor of protein aggregation. Copyright © 2010 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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10.1016/j.bpj.2010.08.020
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17875401
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Automated extraction of avian influenza virus for rapid detection using real-time RT-PCR.
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Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza (AI) poses a grave risk to human health. An important aspect of influenza control is rapid diagnosis. This study describes the efficiency of AI-RNA extraction utilizing silica-based magnetic beads with robotics and its detection with an influenza A matrix gene real-time RT-PCR from tracheal swabs, and compares it to virus isolation and manual spin column extractions. Analytical sensitivity was assessed by performing dilution analysis and detection of H2N2 AI viral RNA. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was assessed by analyzing tracheal swabs collected from H7N2 infected and uninfected chickens. Both manual and robotic extractions detected AI virus at 1log(10)EID(50)/ml. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of matrix gene detection with the automated extraction method for chicken tracheal swab specimens was similar to that of virus isolation and the manual extraction method. There were only three discordant results among 212 tested specimens. The main advantages of automated robotic viral nucleic acid extraction are high throughput processing; hands-free operation; and reduction in human and technical error. This study demonstrates successful detection of influenza A virus with magnetic beads utilizing the Qiagen MagAttract cell kit on a BioRobot M48 platform.
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10.1016/j.jcv.2007.07.011
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1497399
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The prevalence of risk factors for venous thromboembolism among hospital patients.
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This study provides an estimate of the prevalence of risk factors for venous thromboembolism among hospital patients. The presence of risk factors for venous thromboembolism was determined from a retrospective review of the medical records of 1,000 randomly selected patients in 16 acute care hospitals in central Massachusetts. The most common risk factors for venous thromboembolism were age 40 years (59%) or more, obesity (28%), and major surgery (23%). The average number of risk factors increased with increasing age. One or more risk factors for venous thromboembolism were present in 78% of hospital patients, two or more in 48%, three or more in 19%, four or more in 6%, and five or more in 1%. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism are common among hospital patients, suggesting that prophylaxis should be widely employed. The cost-effectiveness and risk benefit of prophylaxis is well established in patients undergoing major surgery. Further studies are needed to confirm the benefit of prophylaxis in patients with nonsurgical risk factors for venous thromboembolism.
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37691788
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Bringing nature indoors: characterizing the unique contribution of fractal structure and the effects of Euclidean context on perception of fractal patterns.
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Imbuing the benefits of natural design into humanmade spaces, installations of fractal patterns have been employed to shape occupant experience. Previous work has demonstrated consistent trends for fractal judgments in the presence of design elements. The current study identifies the extent to which underlying pattern structure and perceptions of pattern complexity drive viewer judgments, and how response trends are altered with the incorporation of Euclidean context reminiscent of indoor spaces. This series of studies first establishes that pattern appeal, interest, naturalness, and relaxation have a fundamentally inverse relationship with perceptions of pattern complexity and that the presence of fractal structure contributes uniquely and positively to pattern perception. Subsequently, the addition of Euclidean structure establishes a discrete pattern boundary that alters fractal perceptions of interest and excitement but not the remaining judgments. The presence of consistent subpopulations, particularly those that contradict overarching perceptual trends is supported across studies, and further emphasizes the importance of adjusting pattern selection to consider the greatest number of possible viewers. Through informed pattern selection, designs can be installed to maximize desired experience of a space while minimizing negative impressions bound to arise in a minority of occupants. This set of studies demonstrates that through control of perceived pattern complexity and whether an emphasis is placed on pattern boundaries, fractal patterns can serve to establish predictable experiences of humanmade spaces in order to inject the benefits of nature into manufactured environments. Copyright © 2023 Robles, Gonzales-Hess, Taylor and Sereno.
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10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1210584
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23840639
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Overview of the Distribution, Habitat Association and Impact of Exotic Ants on Native Ant Communities in New Caledonia.
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Ants are among the most ubiquitous and harmful invaders worldwide, but there are few regional studies of their relationships with habitat and native ant communities. New Caledonia has a unique and diverse ant fauna that is threatened by exotic ants, but broad-scale patterns of exotic and native ant community composition in relation to habitat remain poorly documented. We conducted a systematic baiting survey of 56 sites representing the main New Caledonian habitat types: rainforest on ultramafic soils (15 sites), rainforest on volcano-sedimentary soils (13), maquis shrubland (15), Melaleuca-dominated savannas (11) and Acacia spirorbis thickets (2). We collected a total of 49 species, 13 of which were exotic. Only five sites were free of exotic species, and these were all rainforest. The five most abundant exotic species differed in their habitat association, with Pheidole megacephala associated with rainforests, Brachymyrmex cf. obscurior with savanna, and Wasmannia auropunctata and Nylanderia vaga present in most habitats. Anoplolepis gracilipes occurred primarily in maquis-shrubland, which contrasts with its rainforest affinity elsewhere. Multivariate analysis of overall ant species composition showed strong differentiation of sites according to the distribution of exotic species, and these patterns were maintained at the genus and functional group levels. Native ant composition differed at invaded versus uninvaded rainforest sites, in the absence of differences in habitat variables. Generalised Myrmicinae and Forest Opportunists were particularly affected by invasion. There was a strong negative relationship between the abundance of W. auropunctata and native ant abundance and richness. This emphasizes that, in addition to dominating many ant communities numerically, some exotic species, and in particular W. auropunctata, have a marked impact on native ant communities.
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10.1371/journal.pone.0067245
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16254149
|
Golgi duplication in Trypanosoma brucei requires Centrin2.
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Centrins are highly conserved components of the centrosome, which in the parasitic protozoan T. brucei comprises the basal body and nucleates the flagellum used for locomotion. Here, we found TbCentrin2 in an additional bi-lobed structure near to the Golgi apparatus. One lobe was associated with the old Golgi, and the other became associated with the newly forming Golgi as the cell grew. Depletion of TbCentrin1 inhibited duplication of the basal body, whereas depletion of TbCentrin2 also inhibited duplication of the Golgi. Thus, a Centrin2-containing structure distinct from the basal body appears to mark the site for new Golgi assembly.
|
10.1126/science.1119969
|
27821991
|
A Study to Assess Empowerment of Adolescent Girls in Terms of Knowledge-Based Life Skills Education About Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Practices.
|
This study has been designed with the intention to bring a substantial change in the mindsets or life skills of adolescent girls at secondary school level regarding their concept of child survival and safe motherhood practices in order to deal effectively with real-life situations. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out with 538 adolescent girls regarding assessment of their knowledge on variables like correct nutrition, iron-deficiency anemia and its prevention, care during pregnancy, safe birth, skilled birth attendance, breast feeding and complementary feeding practices, child's growth and development issues, immunization, management of common childhood illnesses. etc. Analysis was done using Mc Nemar's Chi-square test for paired data. Values obtained were highly significant for nutrition, iron-deficiency anemia and its prevention, care during pregnancy, and management of childhood illnesses variables, whereas study findings were found to be insignificant for rest of the variables. This study based on life skills approach and counseling worked well to promote and motivate adolescent girls for positive decision making. In this context, every adolescent girl should be encouraged to raise her unsolved issues in order to achieve safe motherhood plus growth and development of their children.
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10.1007/s13224-015-0733-6
|
12772463
|
[The management of stomal recurrence after laryngectomy].
|
To study effective prevention and treatment of stoma recurrence after laryngectomy. A retrospective review of 23 patients with stomal recurrence after laryngectomy was conducted. Among all 23 cases, 20 cases were referred to Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Science from other hospitals. The etiopathology of stomal recurrence after laryngectomy, feasibilities of various kinds of operative treatment and outcomes of clinical management in this series were analyzed. The subglottic extension and invasion of paraglottic portion of laryngeal cancer and peritreacheal metastasis may result in stomal recurrence. The survival period of 18 cases surgically treated was longer than that of 5 cases untreated or irradiated and/or chemotherapied. The 1- and 5-year survival rates were 40.7% and 20.4%, respectively. The common complication was pharyngeal fistula. Surgical treatment may relieve local pain, improve breathing, resume swallowing and decrease cancer ulcer bleeding. The overall prognosis of peristomal recurrence after laryngectomy was awful and dismal. Prevention should be stressed in surgical treatment of the subglottic extension, invasion of paraglottic portion and peritreacheal node metastasis. A proper surgical treatment in some cases of stomal recurrence would prolong the lifetime and advance the life quality of the patients.
| |
2415290
|
Hepatic arterial embolisation in patients with metastatic carcinoid tumours.
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Hepatic arterial embolisation was performed in six patients with malignant carcinoid tumours; five with the carcinoid syndrome and the other with intractable pain due to pleural and hepatic metastases. A total of 11 embolisations was performed, each time producing noticeable symptomatic relief, especially of facial flushing and diarrhoea. Apart from occasional episodes of the post-embolisation syndrome, no significant complications were experienced. Relief of symptoms lasted 2 months to 18 months in all patients with the carcinoid syndrome. Repeat embolisation was performed in three of the six patients. Three of the six patients have died at intervals ranging from 3 weeks to 20 months after the last embolisation. The cause of death was not related to embolisation. Hepatic embolisation is an effective, safe and repeatable method of palliating the symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome.
|
10.1016/s0009-9260(85)80241-5
|
33347397
|
Case 285: Primary Breast Lymphoma.
|
History A 25-year-old woman was referred to our breast clinic for assessment of a palpable mass in her left breast that developed quickly in 2 weeks. She denied any associated fever, chills, redness, or pain. She had no relevant medical or surgical history; no evidence of recent pregnancy, abortion, or breastfeeding; and no family history of breast cancer. Clinical examination enabled confirmation of a firm mass occupying the retroareolar region and the outer quadrant of the left breast with no skin retraction, edema, or erythema. There was no evidence of enlarged axillary lymph nodes. US of the left breast, bilateral breast MRI, and fluorine 18 ( 18 F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT were performed.
|
10.1148/radiol.2020191329
|
34666221
|
Impact of morphological parameters on urban ventilation in compact cities: The case of the Tuscolano-Don Bosco district in Rome.
|
Air pollution and heat stress are major concerns associated with the liveability, resilience and sustainability of cities. They directly affect health and comfort and are associated with augmented morbidity and mortality and an increase in the energy demand for building ventilation, air cleaning and cooling. Nevertheless, the detrimental effects of poor air quality may partly be mitigated by increased urban ventilation. This strategy is closely related to the level of urbanization and the urban morphology. Therefore, detailed investigations on the impact of different morphologies on urban ventilation are of paramount importance. Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations have been widely used during the last decades to investigate the effects of the urban morphology on the urban ventilation. However, most of these studies focused on idealized building arrangements, while detailed investigations about the role of real urban morphologies are scarce. This study investigates the ventilation in a compact area in the city of Rome, Italy. 3D steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations are performed to analyze the impact of Morphological Parameters (MP) on the urban ventilation. The results show a considerable worsening of urban ventilation with increasing building density with a reduction in the mean wind velocity up to 62% experienced at the pedestrian level (z p ). Correlations between five MPs, e. g., plan area density, area-weighted mean building height, volume density, façade area density, and non-dimensional mean velocity at pedestrian level and at 10 m height are evaluated, and simple models are obtained using linear regression analysis. Among the selected MPs, the building façade area density shows a remarkable correlation with the non-dimensional mean velocity at z p (R 2 = 0.82). Such correlations can be valuable tools for practitioners and urban designers, particularly during the first stage of planning, for highlighting areas potentially vulnerable to poor air conditions without running computationally expensive simulations. Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150490
|
26885933
|
[Pharmaceutical care for a patient with warfarin-induced autoimmune hepatitis].
|
Here we reported a patient with warfarin-induced autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and explored new concerns for the pharmaceutical care of warfarin. A 57- year-old woman was admitted to hospital for repeated anorexia, abdominal pain and abnormal liver function. She received prosthetic heart valve replacement because of rheumatic heart disease, and had started warfarin medication since 2 years before. Her liver function was elevated with highest alanine aminotransferase 861 U/L, aspertate aminotransferase 604 U/L, and total bilirubin 106.7 μmol/L. Her anticoagulant therapy was switched to low molecular weight heparin and the liver function returned to normal. The liver function was elevated when she started to take warfarin again. The patient was then on liver protection therapy, and warfarin was stopped again for the liver biopsy for diagnosis reason. Through medication consultation and evaluation, pharmacists were invited to work together with the physicians and helped to differentiate the reason for abnormal liver function, and provided therapeutic suggestions. Also the pharmacists gained experiences in the treatment of AIH, and discovered a new and severe adverse drug reaction for warfarin. In treating this case, the pharmacists'active involvement into the treatment and evaluation of the effect on the patient reflected the advantage and importance of the multidisciplinary cooperation for pharmacists and physicians when complex diseases are faced.
| |
28652594
|
Self-diploidization of human haploid parthenogenetic embryos through the Rho pathway regulates endomitosis and failed cytokinesis.
|
A diploid genome is necessary for normal mammalian development, thus haploid parthenogenetic embryos undergo frequent self-diploidization during preimplantation development; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, time-lapse recording revealed that human haploid parthenotes (HPs) undergo self-diploidization via failed cytokinesis (FC) and endomitosis (EM). The frequencies of FC/EM were significantly higher in HPs than in normal fertilized embryos (26.3% vs. 1.6%, P 0.05). In 66.7% of the 1-cell stage HPs, furrow ingression was not observed during the time for normal cleavage, and both immunostaining and gene expression analysis of 1-cell stage HPs revealed the absence or down-regulation of several key genes of the Rho pathway, which regulates cytomitosis. Our results suggested that the major mechanism for self-diploidization is Rho pathway inhibition leading to FC/EM in the first cell cycle, and fine-tuning of this signalling pathway may help to generate stable haploid embryos for stem cell biology studies.
|
10.1038/s41598-017-04602-y
|
27993847
|
Various Sequence Types of Escherichia coli Isolates Coharboring bla NDM-5 and mcr-1 Genes from a Commercial Swine Farm in China.
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Sixteen different sequence types (STs) of Escherichia coli isolates from a commercial swine farm in China were confirmed to coharbor the carbapenem resistance gene bla NDM-5 and the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 Whole-genome sequencing revealed that bla NDM-5 and mcr-1 were located on a 46-kb IncX3 plasmid and a 32-kb IncX4 plasmid, respectively. The two plasmids can transfer together with a low fitness cost, which might explain the presence of various STs of E. coli coharboring bla NDM-5 and mcr-1. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.
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10.1128/AAC.02167-16
|
30852954
|
Performance of a MethyLight assay for methylated SFRP2 DNA detection in colorectal cancer tissue and serum.
|
Colorectal cancer is one of the five most common cancers in China, and its incidence is steadily increasing. An accurate and non-invasive screening method is needed to increase the population uptake of colorectal cancer screening. Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 ( SFRP2) has been found to be hypermethylated in most colorectal cancer patients, and it may fulfill the role of a non-invasive biomarker for colorectal cancer screening. Methylation status of SFRP2 was examined in 17 cancer tissues and paired adjacent paracancer tissues by a new SFRP2 MethyLight assay, which was also used to test the serum of 62 patients with colorectal cancer and 55 normal individuals. The limit of detection of the SFRP2 MethyLight assay was about 200 pg per reaction. The SFRP2 methylation level was higher in 94.1% colorectal cancer tissues than in paired adjacent paracancer tissues ( P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of SFRP2 for detecting colorectal cancer in serum were 69.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 56.2, 80.1%) and 87.3% (95% CI 74.9, 94.3%), respectively. SFRP2 methylation in serum has the potential to be a non-invasive biomarker for colorectal cancer screening.
|
10.1177/1724600818820536
|
23793435
|
Heterosexual precocity: rare manifestation of virilizing adrenocortical oncocytoma.
|
Adrenocortical oncocytomas are extremely rare, and most of the tumors are benign and nonfunctioning. To our knowledge, only 30 cases have been reported in English published studies, and most patients are 40 to 60 years of age. So far, in the pediatric age group, only three cases of functioning adrenocortical oncocytoma have been reported. We report a case of functioning adrenocortical oncocytoma in a 3 1/2-year-old female child who presented with premature pubarche, clitoromegaly, and increased serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and testosterone. She was managed successfully with right adrenalectomy, and the tumor histology was consistent with adrenal oncocytoma.
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10.5144/0256-4947.2013.294
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17477290
|
Application of multicriteria decision analysis tools to two contaminated sediment case studies.
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Environmental decision making is becoming increasingly more information intensive and complex. Our previous work shows that multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) tools offer a scientifically sound decision analytical framework for environmental management, in general, and specifically for selecting optimal sediment management alternatives. Integration of MCDA into risk assessment and sediment management may require linkage of different models and software platforms whose results may lead to somewhat different conclusions. This paper illustrates the application of 3 different MCDA methods in 2 case studies involving contaminated sediment management. These case studies are based on real sediment management problems experienced by the US Army Corps of Engineers and other stakeholders in New York/New Jersey Harbor, USA, and the Cocheco River Superfund Site in New Hampshire, USA. Our analysis shows that application of 3 different MCDA tools points to similar management solutions no matter which tool is applied. MCDA tools and approaches were constructively used to elicit the strengths and weaknesses of each method when solving the problem.
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10.1897/ieam_2006-036.1
|
26577519
|
Nosocomial bloodstream infections caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, Finland, 1999-2013: Trends, patient characteristics and mortality.
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Few systematically collected multi-centre surveillance data on nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae have been published. To evaluate trends, patient characteristics and mortality of such infections, nosocomial BSI data reported by the 4-17 hospitals participating in the prospective laboratory-based surveillance during 1999-2013 were analysed. Data were collected by local infection control nurses, patient-days were obtained from the hospital's administrative database, and dates of deaths from the population registry. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was further examined in the national reference laboratory. A total of 16 028 nosocomial BSIs were identified; 2217 (14%) were caused by E. coli and 661 (4%) by K. pneumoniae; 207 (7%) were non-susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins, with an increasing trend from 0% in 1999 to 17% in 2013. Patient characteristics did not differ significantly between BSIs caused by third-generation susceptible and resistant E. coli and K. pneumonia, but the case fatality tended to be higher. Most (88%) of the isolates reported as non-susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins had ESBL phenotype, CTX-M (79%) being the most common enzyme. A sharp increase in nosocomial BSIs caused by ESBL producing bacteria was observed. Identification of patients for screening pose a challenge, emphasising the role of infection control guidelines and antibiotic policy in prevention.
|
10.3109/23744235.2015.1109135
|
10945674
|
Synthesis of a spacer-containing disaccharide fragment of Bordetella pertussis lipopolysaccharide.
|
The disaccharide 2-(p-aminophenyl)ethyl 4-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranoside uronate, which is assumed to be a partial structure of the Bordetella pertussis polysaccharide, was synthesized starting from D-glucose and D-glucosamine, respectively. The major synthetic transformations were conversion of D-glucosamine into the donor ethyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside and conversion of glucose, by a sequence involving 2,3-epoxide formation/opening, nucleophilic triflate displacement in the 3-position, and necessary protecting group manipulations, into the acceptor 2-(p-trifluoroacetamidophenyl)ethyl 6-O-benzyl-2,3-diazido-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranoside. Coupling of the donor and acceptor units promoted by dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium triflate followed by selective oxidation of the 6'-position and deprotection gave the target disaccharide.
|
10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00318-3
|
32622313
|
How mechanistic modelling supports decision making for the control of enzootic infectious diseases.
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Controlling enzootic diseases, which generate a large cumulative burden and are often unregulated, is needed for sustainable farming, competitive agri-food chains, and veterinary public health. We discuss the benefits and challenges of mechanistic epidemiological modelling for livestock enzootics, with particular emphasis on the need for interdisciplinary approaches. We focus on issues arising when modelling pathogen spread at various scales (from farm to the region) to better assess disease control and propose targeted options. We discuss in particular the inclusion of farmers' strategic decision-making, the integration of within-host scale to refine intervention targeting, and the need to ground models on data. Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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10.1016/j.epidem.2020.100398
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16335426
|
[Adaptive shifts in the activity of amino acid transport into mammary secretory cells in changed nutritional conditions].
|
On the basis of analysis of published data, direct (using 13C) and indirect methods of estimating the amino acid transfer into mammary secretory cells in vivo were compared and the modified indirect method was used to determine quantitatively the shifts in transport activity in lactating cows and goats in trials with amino acid deficit or excess and in investigations that used a hyperinsulemic-euglycemic clamp. The analysis suggests that inadequacy of traditional use of extraction efficiency as a measure of tissue affinity to substrate is associated with two shortcomings: 1) if the changes in mammary blood flow are more expressed compared to transport activity, the arteriovenous difference and extraction efficiency may change in opposite direction to the shifts in transport activity; 2) due to the effect of nonlinearity, in situations characterized by small ratio of blood flow: the transport activity extraction efficiency is insensitive to shifts on activity of transport. The re-analysis of published data using the modified inbdirect method indicated that the deficit of individual amino acid caused a rise in activity of their transport and the excess decreased a net transfer into cell. The insulineuglycemic clamp treatments increased the activity of amino acid transport into the mammary cell and milk protein yield. The results obtained suggest that net transmembrane transfer of amino acid into mammary secretory cell can be controlled by the cell itself according to metabolic demand.
| |
30174045
|
Quantitation of capsiate and dihydrocapsiate and tentative identification of minor capsinoids in pepper fruits (Capsicum spp.) by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS(QTOF).
|
A highly sensitive, selective method has been developed and validated for determination of capsiate and dihydrocapsiate for the first time using HPLC-ESI/MS(QTOF). For both capsinoids, LODs and LOQs were 0.02 and 0.05 µmol/l, respectively. The intra- and interday repeatability values (RSD %) were 0.26-0.41% for retention time, and 2.25-2.11% for peak area. Recoveries were up to 98% and 97% for capsiate and dihydrocapsiate, respectively. This method was successfully applied to quantify capsiate and dihydrocapsiate in eight pepper fruit accessions. Capsinoids were found in the range of 1.21-544.59 μg/g DW for capsiate and of 0.61-81.95 μg/g DW for dihydrocapsiate. In the 'Tabasco' accession, capsiate and dihydrocapsiate were quantified for the first time, ranging from 3.09 to 58.76 and 1.80 to 6.94 μg/g DW, respectively. Additionally, the ESI-MS/MS(QTOF) analysis has allowed the tentative identification of two other minor capsinoids by exact mass and fragmentation pattern, in the 'Bhut Jolokia' accession. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.112
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31272451
|
Preliminary exploration of a quantitative assessment index for the matching performance of anatomical bone plates using computer.
|
To explore a new quantitative index to assess the matching performance of anatomical bone plates using digital technology. CT data of normal tibias of 40 adults were collected. Two brands of medial distal tibia plates were digitized. Two trained orthopedists simulated the surgical operation in Rhino 5.1 software by placing the plate curve on the medial distal tibia surface. The volume of the interstice between the plate curve and the bone surface was measured. The inverse value of this average interstice distance was used as the matching performance index (MPI). A wall thickness analysis tool was used to mark various interstice distances with varied colors. The Kangli medial distal tibia plate had a MPI of 0.55 ± 0.08 by operator A and 0.55 ± 0.06 by operator B. The general care medial distal tibia plate had a MPI of 0.32 ± 0.06 by operator A and 0.31 ± 0.05 by operator B. There were significant variations in the MPI between the two types of plates by both operators (p < 0.001). And significant variations were observed in the MPI of general care medial distal tibia plates among various operator groups (p = 0.028). This quantitative index of matching performance is straightforward and intuitive. However, we still need a method to improve the experimental repeatability, especially when it comes to a plate with poor matching performance.
|
10.1186/s13018-019-1229-3
|
164026
|
Cobalt(III), a probe of metal binding sites of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase.
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To facilitate the study of individual metal binding sites of polymeric metalloproteins, conversion of exchange-labile Co(II) in E. coli alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) to exchange-inert Co(III) was examined. Oxidation of Co(II) alkaline phosphatase with hydrogen peroxide results in a single absorption maximum at 530 nm and loss both of the characteristic electron paramagnetic signal and of enzymatic activity. Zinc neither reactivates this enzyme nor displaces the oxidized cobalt atoms. Metal and amino-acid analyses demonstrate that oxidation alters neither cobalt binding nor amino-acid composition of the enzyme. Al data are consistent with the conclusion that hydrogen peroxide oxidizes Co(II) in alkaline phosphatase to Co(III). Polymeric metalloenzymes can contain different categories of metal atoms serving in catalysis, structure stabilization, and/or control and exerting their effects independently or interdependently. The in situ conversion of exchange-labile Co(II) to exchange-stable (Co(III) offers a method to selectively and differentially "freeze" cobalt atoms at their respective binding sites. The accompanying spectral changes and concomitant retardation in ligand exchange reactions may be used to differentiate between specific metal binding sites that serve different roles in polymeric metalloenzymes.
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10.1073/pnas.72.1.394
|
1662250
|
Implant position following HA-augmentation of the mandible.
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The transverse inclination, height and width of 20 lingually placed hydroxylapatite (HA) implants, to augment the atrophic mandibular ridge, were examined using computed tomography of cross sections through the first molar region. Favourable prosthetic conditions are achieved if the HA-implants are placed in a lingual position. This is the case when the transverse inclination varies from 65 to 85 degrees.
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10.1016/s0901-5027(05)80154-7
|
32812536
|
A SERS-based competitive immunoassay for highly sensitive and specific detection of ochratoxin A.
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Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a well-known carcinogenic contaminant in food commodities. The highly sensitive and specific detection of the OTA level is an essential way to prevent the health risks to humans/animals. In this work, an SERS-based competitive immunoassay platform has been developed for the detection of OTA. This assay contains two compartments: OTA-BSA-immobilized SERS nanotags and anti-OTA antibody-functionalized magnetic beads. In the presence of target OTA, a competitive reaction towards magnetic beads occurs between the target OTA and SERS nanotags. The characteristic peaks of SERS nanotags adsorbed onto magnetic beads were used for the quantitative analysis of OTA. Under optimized conditions, a good linear relationship was obtained in the range of 1 pg mL-1 to1000 pg mL-1. The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 0.61 pg mL-1 using the IUPAC standard method. In addition, this proposed method was also successfully applied for the detection of OTA in wine samples and satisfactory recovery rates were obtained in the range of 90.60% to 103.3%. It is believed that this SERS-based competitive method holds great potential for highly sensitive and specific detection of mycotoxins.
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10.1039/d0an01220c
|
26830025
|
The intestinal distribution pattern of appetite- and glucose regulatory peptides in mice, rats and pigs.
|
Mice, rats, and pigs are the three most used animal models when studying gastrointestinal peptide hormones; however their distribution from the duodenum to the distal colon has not been characterized systematically across mice, rats and pigs. We therefore performed a comparative distribution analysis of the tissue content of the major appetite- and glucose regulatory peptides: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-2), oxyntomodulin/glicentin, neurotensin, and peptide YY (PYY) from the duodenum to distal colon in mice (n = 9), rats (n = 9) and pigs (n = 8), using validated radioimmunoassays. GLP-1, GLP-2 and oxyntomodulin/glicentin show similar patterns of distribution within the respective species, but for rats and pigs the highest levels were found in the distal small intestine, whereas for the mouse the highest level was found in the distal colon. In rats and pigs, neurotensin was predominantly detected in mid and lower part of the small intestine, while the mouse showed the highest levels in the distal small intestine. In contrast, the distribution of GIP was restricted to the proximal small intestine in all three species. Most surprisingly, in the pig PYY was found in large amounts in the proximal part of the small intestine whereas both rats and mice had undetectable levels until the distal small intestine. In summary, the distribution patterns of extractable GIP, GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin/glicentin, neurotensin are preserved across species whereas PYY distribution showed marked differences.
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10.1186/s13104-016-1872-2
|
11847755
|
Role tuning between caregiver and care receiver during discharge transition: an illustration of role function mode in Roy's adaptation theory.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual framework to explain the interaction between the caregiver and the care receiver during the discharge transition. Data from face-to-face interviews with 12 care receivers and 16 caregivers were subjected to constant comparative analysis. Findings revealed that role tuning was the process used by caregivers and care receivers to achieve a harmonious pattern of caregiving and care receiving during the transition from hospital to home. This empirical finding can illustrate the concept of role function mode in the Roy adaptation theory and sensitize healthcare providers to the needs of the families during the discharge transition.
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10.1177/08943180022107870
|
16029033
|
Synthesis, solution conformation, and antibody recognition of oligotuftsin-based conjugates containing a beta-amyloid(4-10) plaque-specific epitope.
|
One possible therapeutic approach to treat or prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD) is immunotherapy. On the basis of the identification of Abeta(4-10) (FRHDSGY) as the predominant B-cell epitope recognized by therapeutically active antisera from transgenic AD mice, conjugates with defined structures containing the epitope peptide attached to a tetratuftsin derivative as an oligopeptide carrier were synthesized and their structure characterized. To produce immunogenic constructs, the Abeta(4-10) epitope alone or flanked by alpha- or beta-alanine residues was attached through an amide bond to the tetratuftsin derivative (Ac-[TKPKG]4-NH2) or to a carrier peptide elongated by a promiscuous T-helper cell epitope (Ac-FFLLTRILTIPQSLD-[TKPKG]4-NH2). The conformational preferences of the carrier and conjugates were examined by CD spectroscopy in water and in 1:1 and 9:1 TFE:water mixtures (v/v). We found that the presence of flanking dimers in the conjugates had no effects on the generally unordered solution conformation of the conjugates. However, conjugates with an elongated peptide backbone exhibited CD spectra indicative for a partially ordered secondary structure in the presence of TFE. Comparative ELISA binding studies, using monoclonal antibody raised against the beta-amyloid (1-17) peptide, showed that conjugates with T-helper cell epitope in the carrier backbone exhibited decreased monoclonal antibody recognition. However, we found that this effect was compensated in conjugates comprising the Abeta(4-10) B-cell epitope with the beta-alanine dimer flanking regions at both N- and C-termini. Results suggest that modification of the B-cell epitope peptide from Abeta with rational combination of structural elements (e. g. conjugation to carrier, introduction of flanking dimers) can result in synthetic antigen with preserved antibody recognition.
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10.1021/bc0500037
|
19699241
|
Structural and functional diversity in the family of small heat shock proteins from the parasite Toxoplasma gondii.
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Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are ubiquitous molecular chaperones which prevent the nonspecific aggregation of non-native proteins. Five potential sHsps exist in the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. They are located in different intracellular compartments including mitochondria and are differentially expressed during the parasite's life cycle. Here, we analyzed the structural and functional properties of all five proteins. Interestingly, this first in vitro characterization of sHsps from protists showed that all T. gondii sHsps exhibit the characteristic properties of sHsps such as oligomeric structure and chaperone activity. However, differences in their quaternary structure and in their specific chaperone properties exist. On the structural level, the T. gondii sHsps can be divided in small (12-18 subunits) and large (24-32 subunits) oligomers. Furthermore, they differ in their interaction with non-native proteins. While some bind substrates tightly, others interact more transiently. The chaperone activity of the three more mono-disperse T. gondii sHsps is regulated by temperature with a decrease in temperature leading to the activation of chaperone activity, suggesting an adaption to specific steps of the parasite's life cycle.
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10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.08.005
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32292925
|
Effect of replacing corn with soy hulls on nutrient digestibility of growing pigs.
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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing corn with soy hulls on nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. Three experimental diets were tested using a 3 × 3 Latin square design using three barrows per group (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc, average initial body weight of 36.9 ± 4.0 kg) in individual metabolic cages. The dietary treatments were the control (CON) basal diet (corn-soybean meal based diet), whereas in the test diets, soy hulls were included at 5% (H1), 10% (H2), gradually replacing corn. The daily feed allowance was adjusted to 2.7 times the maintenance requirement for digestible energy (DE) (2.7 × 110 kcal of DE/kg BW 0.75 ). Intake of crude fiber (CF) was different among treatments ( p < 0.05). Pigs fed with H2 diet excreted higher concentrations of dry matter (DM), and CF than pigs fed with H1 diet and basal diet ( p < 0.05). Pigs fed with H1 and H2 diets excreted higher concentrations of crude protein (CP) than pigs fed with CON diet ( p < 0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of CF from H1 and H2 diets were higher than CON diet ( p < 0.05). Pigs fed with H2 diets were significantly lower ( p < 0.05) the ATTD of CP than the pigs fed with CON and H1 diets. The current data suggest that 10% inclusion soy hulls can slightly decrease CP digestibility. However, soy hulls considerably increased CF digestibility. It is concluded that 5% soy hulls may be a usable alternative to corn in growing pig diets. © Copyright 2020 Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology.
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10.5187/jast.2020.62.2.180
|
8588320
|
Morbilliviruses in aquatic mammals: report on round table discussion.
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A workshop was organised to ascertain the current situation with regard to morbillivirus infections in aquatic animals. The great interest generated by the discovery of these new virus infections in 1988 has to some extent abated but much high quality research has continued in this field as the workshop showed. There is some serological evidence that the viruses have continued to circulate in most areas since the initial epizootics. As to their origin, it appears that the most likely source of the European seal morbillivirus (PDV-1) is the North Atlantic and Artic seal populations. As to the origin of the Mediterranean dolphin morbillivirus and the morbilliviruses isolated from porpoises, there is serological evidence that the viruses are widespread in many cetacean species in the Atlantic and 93% of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) which mass stranded between 1982 and 1993 were morbillivirus seropositive. The epizootic in freshwater seals in Lake Baikal was unrelated to events in the European marine mammal populations. The virus which infected these animals (PDV-2) is indistinguishable from canine distemper field strains. Serological and molecular biological studies provided evidence for the presence of the virus in the seals, at least as late as the Summer of 1992 when the animals were last sampled.
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10.1016/0378-1135(95)00019-7
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9331968
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Comparison of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutases of clawed frogs of the genus Xenopus.
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Isoenzyme profiles and thermal stability of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) of clawed frogs of genus Xenopus (X. laevis and X. borealis) were compared. Earlier the presence of an unusually thermolabile mutant Cu,Zn-SOD as well as normal enzyme was shown in X. laevis. Having confirmed the data, we further show that X. borealis contains only the thermolabile Cu,Zn-SOD. This suggested that a mutation in the Cu,Zn-SOD gene and genome duplication have occurred in the immediate predecessor of X. laevis. Later on the parent Cu,Zn-SOD gene was lost, leaving only the mutated form of Cu,Zn-SOD in X. borealis.
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17405286
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[Bone grafts (editorial)].
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Bone grafts remains the most effective grafting material because it provides the three elements required for bone regeneration: osteoconduction, osteoinduction and osteogenic cells. Bone grafts are used in the repair of significant fractures, the treatment of skeletal tumors and the reconstruction of failed total arthroplasties. Allografts of bone elicit transplantation immunity and this immunogenicity may cause the higher failure rate of these grafts. In an attempt to reduce the immunogenicity of the graft, allogenic bone has been frozen and freeze-dried. Because of increasing clinical use of bone grafts and the unacceptable failure rate, it would be advantageous to better understand the biological response to grafts in order to better define the parameters necessary for a successful bone grafts.
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35603017
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A Single Center Review of Pediatric Nasal Bone Fractures - An Analysis of Concomitant Injuries, Management, and Outcomes.
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Pediatric nasal bone fractures presenting as isolated fractures or with concomitant facial injuries are rare and not well documented. Analysis of treatment at an urban, level-one trauma center provides insight into their management. Data were collected for pediatric nasal bone fractures diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2014. Patients were divided into groups based on presence or absence of isolated nasal bone fractures. Groups were compared using Chi-squared analysis, and a Bonferroni correction was used for a more conservative alpha (a =.004). Assault was the most common etiology presenting in 46 of 122 pediatric nasal bone fractures. There was no significant difference in surgical versus non-surgical management of isolated and non-isolated nasal bone fractures ( P = 0.98). Treatment for both was predominantly watchful waiting in 91% to 95% of the cases followed by closed reduction in 3.2% to 3.3%. In the patients with isolated fractures, 11.5% sustained intracranial hemorrhage, compared to 35.6% of multifracture cases ( P =.002); 15.0% of isolated fractures sustained a traumatic brain injury, compared to 55.9% of multifracture cases ( P =.000003). No significant difference in fatality existed between groups ( P = 0.53). Multi-facial fracture cases were more likely to present with traumatic brain injuries and be admitted to the intensive care unit than isolated nasal bone fractures. Rates of surgical and non-surgical management were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Watchful waiting of pediatric nasal bone fractures was the management approach selected 92% to 95% of the time regardless of the presence or absence of concomitant facial fractures. © 2022, HMP Global. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part prohibited. Content may not be reproduced in any form without written permission. Rights, Permission, Reprint, and Translation information is available at www. hmpglobal. com.
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1518020
|
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: a clinical analysis.
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Data from 98 patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) are presented. All were symptomatic by 40 years of age and 62% by 16 years. Nose bleeding was the first symptom of disease in 90% of cases with mucocutaneous telangiectases appearing 5 to 20 years later. Complications of HHT are discussed and an age of onset curve given.
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10.1136/jmg.29.8.527
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16531898
|
Immunological changes in response to exercise: influence of age, puberty, and gender.
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This study tested the hypothesis that exercise-induced perturbation and recovery of the immune system would vary with age, puberty, and gender in healthy children and adolescents. Twelve-year-old girls (YG; N = 14) and boys (YB; N = 20), and 14-yr-old girls (OG; N = 11) and boys (OB; N = 13) cycled for 60 min at 70% VO2max. Blood was collected before, at 30 and 60 min of exercise, and at 30 and 60 min of recovery to measure total leukocytes, leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets, and cytokines. Age and pubertal (Tanner stage) effects within genders and gender effects within age and pubertal groups were determined. Exercise-induced increases in lymphocytes, CD3-CD16+CD56+ counts, and IL-6 were approximately 83, 90, and 390% greater in OG versus YG (P < 0.05). Recovery leukocytosis and neutrophilia were approximately 56 and 35% greater in OB versus YB (P < 0.05). Pubertal stage did not have a statistically significant influence on responses in girls, but the lowest pubertal stage consistently showed smaller changes in lymphocytes and CD3-CD16+CD56+ counts. Recovery neutrophilia was approximately 120% greater in postpubertal boys versus prepubertal or pubertal boys (P < 0.05). Responses of lymphocytes and CD3-CD16+CD56+ counts, respectively, were approximately 120 and 82% greater in OG versus OB (P < 0.05), with no differences between YG and YB. Exercise-induced increases in total leukocytes, lymphocytes, and CD3-CD16+CD56+ counts were at least 35% greater in girls versus boys of similar pubertal status (P < 0.05). Regardless of age, puberty, or gender, IL-8 levels were significantly higher during recovery versus rest (P < 0.05). These results highlight the need to control for age, puberty, and gender when interpreting immunologic responses to exercise in a pediatric population.
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10.1249/01.mss.0000183479.90501.a0
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16820312
|
Intravascular pressure profiles in elephant seals: hypotheses on the caval sphincter, extradural vein and venous return to the heart.
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In order to evaluate hemodynamics in the complex vascular system of phocid seals, intravascular pressure profiles were measured during periods of rest-associated apnea in young elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). There were no significant differences between apneic and eupneic mean arterial pressures. During apnea, venous pressure profiles (pulmonary artery, thoracic portion of the vena cava (thoracic vena cava), extradural vein, and hepatic sinus) demonstrated only minor, transient fluctuations. During eupnea, all venous pressure profiles were dominated by respiratory fluctuations. During inspiration, pressures in the thoracic vena cava and extradural vein decreased -9 to -21 mm Hg, and -9 to -17 mm Hg, respectively. In contrast, hepatic sinus pressure increased 2-6 mm Hg during inspiration. Nearly constant hepatic sinus and intrathoracic vascular pressure profiles during the breath-hold period are consistent with incomplete constriction of the caval sphincter during these rest-associated apneas. During eupnea, negative inspiratory intravascular pressures in the chest ("the respiratory pump") should augment venous return via both the venae cavae and the extradural vein. It is hypothesized that, in addition to the venae cavae, the prominent para-caval venous system of phocid seals (i. e., the extradural vein) is necessary to allow adequate venous return for maintenance of high cardiac outputs and blood pressure during eupnea.
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10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.05.012
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21427643
|
Early response to psychotherapy and long-term change in worry symptoms in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder.
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To determine the association of early and long-term reductions in worry symptoms after cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in older adults. Substudy of larger randomized controlled trial. Family medicine clinic and large multispecialty health organization in Houston, TX, between March 2004 and August 2006. Patients (N = 76) aged 60 years or older with a principal or coprincipal diagnosis of GAD, excluding those with significant cognitive impairment, bipolar disorder, psychosis, or active substance abuse. CBT, up to 10 sessions for 12 weeks, or enhanced usual care (regular, brief telephone calls, and referrals to primary care provider as needed). Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) administered by telephone at baseline, 1 month (mid treatment), 3 months (posttreatment), and at 3-month intervals through 15 months (1-year follow-up). The authors used binary logistic regression analysis to determine the association between early (1 month) response and treatment responder status (reduction of more than 8.5 points on the PSWQ) at 3 and 15 months. The authors also used hierarchical linear modeling to determine the relationship of early response to the trajectory of score change after posttreatment. Reduction in PSWQ scores after the first month predicted treatment response at posttreatment and follow-up, controlling for treatment arm and baseline PSWQ score. The magnitude of early reduction also predicted the slope of score change from posttreatment through the 15-month assessment. Early symptom reduction is associated with long-term outcomes after psychotherapy in older adults with GAD.
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10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181f18061
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33267466
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Beyond the State of the Art: Novel Approaches for Thermal and Electrical Transport in Nanoscale Devices.
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Almost any interaction between two physical entities can be described through the transfer of either charge, spin, momentum, or energy. Therefore, any theory able to describe these transport phenomena can shed light on a variety of physical, chemical, and biological effects, enriching our understanding of complex, yet fundamental, natural processes, e. g., catalysis or photosynthesis. In this review, we will discuss the standard workhorses for transport in nanoscale devices, namely Boltzmann's equation and Landauer's approach. We will emphasize their strengths, but also analyze their limits, proposing theories and models useful to go beyond the state of the art in the investigation of transport in nanoscale devices.
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10.3390/e21080752
|
34564492
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Hybrid Composite Membrane of Phosphorylated Chitosan/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/Silica as a Proton Exchange Membrane.
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Chitosan is one of the natural biopolymers that has been studied as an alternative material to replace Nafion membranes as proton change membranes. Nevertheless, unmodified chitosan membranes have limitations including low proton conductivity and mechanical stability. The aim of this work is to study the effect of modifying chitosan through polymer blending with different compositions and the addition of inorganic filler on the microstructure and physical properties of N -methylene phosphonic chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) (NMPC/PVA) composite membranes. In this work, the NMPC biopolymer and PVA polymer are used as host polymers to produce NMPC/PVA composite membranes with different compositions (30-70% NMPC content). Increasing NMPC content in the membranes increases their proton conductivity, and as NMPC/PVA-50 composite membrane demonstrates the highest conductivity (8.76 × 10 -5 S cm -1 at room temperature), it is chosen to be the base membrane for modification by adding hygroscopic silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) filler into its membrane matrix. The loading of SiO 2 filler is varied (0.5-10 wt.%) to study the influence of filler concentration on temperature-dependent proton conductivity of membranes. NMPC/PVA-SiO 2 (4 wt.%) exhibits the highest proton conductivity of 5.08 × 10 -4 S cm -1 at 100 °C. In conclusion, the study shows that chitosan can be modified to produce proton exchange membranes that demonstrate enhanced properties and performance with the addition of PVA and SiO 2.
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10.3390/membranes11090675
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26580034
|
Performance of Density Functionals for Activation Energies of Re-Catalyzed Organic Reactions.
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By employing high-level coupled cluster CCSD(T)-F12 calculations as reference, we herein systematically assessed the performance of 16 popular density functional theory (DFT) approximations for typical rhenium-catalyzed reactions. The reactions under study cover those catalyzed by low-valent rhenium(I)/(III) carbonyl complexes as well as high-valent organorhenium(VII) bisperoxo complex. Without DFT dispersion correction, the four best-performing functionals for the barrier heights are B2GP-PLYP, TPSSh, B3LYP, and PBE0 with the mean unsigned deviations (MUDs) under 1.6 kcal/mol. Among these four functionals, B2GP-PLYP generates more accurate barrier heights, while B3LYP and TPSSh behave more reliably in the barrier trend description for these Re-catalyzed reactions. In general, herein the hybrid functionals are better choices than pure GGA or pure meta-GGA functionals. DFT empirical dispersion corrections were found to have beneficial effects on MUDs only for four tested functionals of BMK, CAM-B3LYP, LC-ωPBE, and ωB97X. Often associated with very large errors up to about 15 kcal/mol in barrier height for many tested functionals, the reaction catalyzed by high-valent rhenium(VII) bisperoxo is apparently different from the ones catalyzed by low-valent rhenium(I)/(III) carbonyl complexes. For reactions catalyzed by Re(I)/(III) carbonyl complexes, ωB97XD with dispersion correction performs excellently (MUD = 0.63 kcal/mol) and hence is highly recommended for these Re(I)/Re(III)-mediated reactions.
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10.1021/ct4010855
|
32724289
|
LARGE ANEURYSM OF BASILAR ARTERY TIP MIMICKING MIDBRAIN TUMOR AND CAUSING UNILATERAL OBSTRUCTIVE HYDROCEPHALUS: A CASE REPORT AND TECHNICAL NOTE.
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Cerebral ventricular system is a sporadic location of intracranial aneurysms including those of basilar artery tip. Treatment of such aneurysms remains challenging regardless of endovascular or microsurgical techniques applied. Basilar tip aneurysm presenting as third ventricular mass is rarely associated with obstructive hydrocephalus, mimicking midbrain expansive process and urging precise diagnostics and prompt treatment. Hence, the management of such patients may be delicate, having an uncertain outcome. We report on a case of a patient with unilateral hydrocephalus caused by large basilar tip aneurysm mimicking a midbrain tumor. We also discuss different operative strategies influencing the outcome, including our own endovascular treatment technical modification. A 62-year-old female patient presented with slightly decreased cognition, minor gait disturbances and urinary incontinence. Computed brain tomography revealed a third ventricle mass with unilateral ventricular dilatation, indicating hypertensive obstructive hydrocephalus. Magnetic resonance and digital subtraction angiography identified the third ventricular mass as a large saccular basilar tip aneurysm. The patient was selected for endovascular treatment followed by cerebrospinal fluid derivation. After aneurysm endovascular occlusion and temporary external ventricular drainage, the symptoms diminished and ventricular dilatation decreased. On post-procedure day 10, the hydrocephalus was relieved and external drainage removed. The patient recovered fully and was discharged without neurological deficit. In conclusion, large basilar tip aneurysms associated with obstructive hydrocephalus are rare and best treated by a combination of endovascular obliteration and cerebrospinal fluid ventricular diversion. The possibility of such an aneurysm should always be considered on the differential diagnosis of cerebral ventricular growths.
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10.20471/acc.2020.59.01.21
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564541
|
Sensitivity of mycoplasmas of the respiratory tract of pigs and horses to erythromycin and its use in selective media.
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The ability of erythromycin in liquid medium to suppress the growth of eight species of acholeplasma and of 13 species of mycoplasma was tested. The Acholeplasma spp and two glycolytic Mycoplasma spp from horses--a slow glucose-metabolising (SGM) mycoplasma and a strain N3, related to M mycoides--were sensitive to erythromycin. Thus the growth of acholeplasmas can be suppressed when attempts are made to isolate pathogens from the porcine respiratory tract, but, in the case of horses, erythromycin would suppress not only Acholeplasma spp but also two Mycoplasma spp of unknown pathogenicity in the equine respiratory tract.
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27403435
|
Molecular Diagnosis and Identification of Leishmania Species in Jordan from Saved Dry Samples.
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Diagnosis of the endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Jordan relies on patient clinical presentation and microscopic identification. Studies toward improved identification of the causative Leishmania species, especially in regions where multiple species exist, and the introduction of these techniques into medical diagnosis is paramount. This study looked at the current epidemiology of CL in Jordan. Clinically diagnosed 41 patients with CL were tested for the presence of Leishmania parasite using both Giemsa staining from skin scraps on glass slides and ITS1-PCR from samples blotted onto storage cards (NucleoCards®). Microscopically, 28 out of the 41 (68.3%) collected samples were positive for amastigotes, whereas the molecular ITS1-PCR amplification successfully identified 30 of the 41 samples (73.2%). Furthermore, PCR-RFLP analysis allowed species identification which is impossible microscopically. Of the 30 PCR positive samples, 28 were Leishmania major positive and the other two samples were Leishmania tropica. This indicates that L. major is the most prevalent species in Jordan and the two L. tropica cases originated from Syria indicating possible future L. tropica outbreaks. Diagnosis of CL based on clinical presentation only may falsely increase its prevalence. Although PCR is more sensitive, it is still not available in our medical laboratories in Jordan.
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10.1155/2016/6871739
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25613566
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Beneficial effects of cellular autofluorescence following ionization radiation: hypothetical approaches for radiation protection and enhancing radiotherapy effectiveness.
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Ionization radiation (IR) is a main part of modern technologies with a double-edge sword manner. Finding the most feasible therapies to reduce adverse effects of IR and also enhancing radiotherapy effectiveness is a debating issue that has been challenged and studied for years. The main aim of the present hypothetical research was to theorize and suggest a new biological radiation protection approach and also increasing radiotherapy outcomes based on cellular autofluorescence following IR. In this hypothesis, we suggested that this cellular autofluorescence can activate some synthetic drugs called photo-activated agents that are injected in human body after radiation exposures scenarios. Photo activated agents can activate biological pathways such as DNA repair and immunostimulation pathways, bystander signals blocking, and so survive cells and tissues. In the other hand, light emitted by cellular response to radiation can be used as like as photodynamic therapy and therefore more cancer cells killing via apoptosis and necrosis. These ideas can be performed in future using more animal and in vivo/in vitro studies and clinical trials. In conclusion, cellular autofluorescence after radiation exposure can be used as a source for activation specific drugs for radiation protection and also radiation therapy effectiveness. These hypothetical therapeutic approaches can be served as personalized therapy based on individual radiosensitivity. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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10.1016/j.mehy.2014.12.021
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23048101
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The hypothetical migraine drug comparative effectiveness study: a payer's recommendations for obtaining more useful results.
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This article explores issues of concern to payers evaluating the hypothetical comparative effectiveness case study of two fictitious migraine treatments in this month's Health Affairs. The case study presents the seemingly paradoxical situation in which randomized controlled trials produce one result, and real-world observational comparative effectiveness research produces another. For the payer making coverage decisions, this scenario raises three major themes related to interpretation and communication. First, there is a need for a well-considered set of criteria that weigh evidence across comparative effectiveness studies to determine whether enough evidence exists to communicate or enact new health care policies. Second, emphasis should be placed on studies that are published or presented in peer-reviewed settings. Third, access to raw comparative effectiveness research data would enable payers to more deeply explore research interests relevant to their particular constituencies. Payers' involvement in comparative effectiveness research should be encouraged, not discouraged, to advance our understanding of what works best and for whom.
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10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0730
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36814842
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Metatranscriptomics-guided genome-scale metabolic modeling of microbial communities.
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Multi-omics data integration via mechanistic models of metabolism is a scalable and flexible framework for exploring biological hypotheses in microbial systems. However, although most microorganisms are unculturable, such multi-omics modeling is limited to isolate microbes or simple synthetic communities. Here, we developed an approach for modeling microbial activity and interactions that leverages the reconstruction of metagenome-assembled genomes and associated genome-centric metatranscriptomes. At its core, we designed a method for condition-specific metabolic modeling of microbial communities through the integration of metatranscriptomic data. Using this approach, we explored the behavior of anaerobic digestion consortia driven by hydrogen availability and human gut microbiota dysbiosis associated with Crohn's disease, identifying condition-dependent amino acid requirements in archaeal species and a reduced short-chain fatty acid exchange network associated with disease, respectively. Our approach can be applied to complex microbial communities, allowing a mechanistic contextualization of multi-omics data on a metagenome scale. © 2022 The Author(s).
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10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100383
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26383203
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Analysis of Productivity Improvement Act for Clinical Staff Working in the Health System: A Qualitative Study.
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The productivity of healthcare staff is one of the main issues for health managers. This study explores the concept of executive regulation of Productivity Improvement Act of clinical staff in health. In this study phenomenological methodology has been employed. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group composed of 10 hospital experts and experts in human resources department working in headquarter of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and 16 nursing managers working in public and private hospitals of Mashhad using purposive sampling. Findings were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven step method. The strengths of this Act included increasing spirit of hope in nurses, paying attention to quality of nursing care and decreasing problems related to the work plan development. Some of the weaknesses of Productivity Improvement Act included lack of required executive mechanisms, lack of considering nursing productivity indicator, increasing non-public hospitals problems, discrimination between employees, and removal of resting on night shifts. Suggestions were introduced to strengthen the Act such as increased organizational posts, use of a coefficient for wage in unusual work shifts and consideration of a performance indicator. The results may be used as a proper tool for long term management planning at organization level. Finally, if high quality care by health system staff is expected, in the first step, we should take care of them through proper policy making and focusing on occupational characteristics of the target group so that it does not result in discrimination among the staff.
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10.5539/gjhs.v8n2p106
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34872678
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A 31-Year-Old Man With Seizures, Brain Lesion, and Lung Nodules.
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A 31-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a recent history of generalized seizures. Three months earlier, he started with intermittent hemoptysis. CT scan showed a cavitary lung lesion in the upper segment of the right inferior lobe (RIL). Because of his job as a social worker in a high-risk population, he started treatment for Mycobacterium TB; however, the BAL culture result was negative. At the time of his current admission, he has continued taking rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and levofloxacin. He denied the use of any illicit drugs or alcohol. He had no history of smoking. One year earlier, he visited Southeast Asia, Oceania, and South Africa for several months. He reported a weight loss of 7 kg since then. Except for a recurrent oral candidiasis, he did not have a relevant medical history. His family history was notable for mother with lupus, and brother with sarcoidosis. Copyright © 2021 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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10.1016/j.chest.2021.07.051
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31728458
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A CsCl-type inorganic cluster-based high-symmetry crystal built from {Mo 4.55 V 7.45 PO 40 } 10.45- with a high ratio of vanadium to molybdenum and {(H 2 O) 0.3 @K 6 (H 2 O) 12 } 6+ clusters exhibiting proton conduction below the freezing point of water.
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As a class of anionic oxoclusters of early transition metals in their highest oxidation states, polyoxometalates (POMs) show considerable structural versatility and unique chemical and physical properties, making them promising multifunctional materials. In this study, a Keggin-type POM has been achieved, with a formula of [(H2O)0.3@K6(H2O)12]H4.45[PV7.45Mo4.55O40]·11H2O (1), and its microcrystals and nanocrystals have been obtained, respectively. This POM was characterized by elemental analysis for C, H and N, ICP-MS, TG, PXRD, SEM, X-band EPR and XPS techniques. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that 1 shows a rare extended structure with a high-connected three-dimensional (3D) all inorganic network of a Keggin-type POM, built from {Mo4.55V7.45PO40}10.45- polyoxoanions and {(H2O)0.3@K6(H2O)12}6+ clusters with CsCl-type crystal structure. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, 1 shows the highest ratio of vanadium to molybdenum among Keggin-type POMs reported thus far. Most interestingly, 1 exhibits intrinsic proton conduction below the freezing point of water, with a proton conductivity of 6.90 × 10-7 S cm-1 at 249 K and further reaching 3.36 × 10-6 S cm-1 at 272 K and Ea = 0.44 eV at 249-272 K.
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10.1039/c9dt03960k
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37486920
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Alignment of multiple metabolomics LC-MS datasets from disparate diseases to reveal fever-associated metabolites.
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Acute febrile illnesses are still a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally, particularly in low to middle income countries. The aim of this study was to determine any possible metabolic commonalities of patients infected with disparate pathogens that cause fever. Three liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) datasets investigating the metabolic effects of malaria, leishmaniasis and Zika virus infection were used. The retention time (RT) drift between the datasets was determined using landmarks obtained from the internal standards generally used in the quality control of the LC-MS experiments. Fitted Gaussian Process models (GPs) were used to perform a high level correction of the RT drift between the experiments, which was followed by standard peakset alignment between the samples with corrected RTs of the three LC-MS datasets. Statistical analysis, annotation and pathway analysis of the integrated peaksets were subsequently performed. Metabolic dysregulation patterns common across the datasets were identified, with kynurenine pathway being the most affected pathway between all three fever-associated datasets. Copyright: © 2023 Năstase et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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10.1371/journal.pntd.0011133
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29727725
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DNA damage and tissue repair: What we can learn from planaria.
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Faithful renewal of aging and damaged tissues is central to organismal lifespan. Stem cells (SCs) generate the cellular progeny that replenish adult tissues across the body but this task becomes increasingly compromised over time. The age related decline in SC-mediated tissue maintenance is a multifactorial event that commonly affects genome integrity. The presence of DNA damage in SCs that are under continuous demand to divide poses a great risk for age-related disorders such as cancer. However, performing analysis of SCs with genomic instability and the DNA damage response during tissue renewal present significant challenges. Here we introduce an alternative experimental system based on the planaria flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea to address at the organismal level studies intersecting SC-mediated tissue renewal in the presence of genomic instability. Planaria have abundant SCs (neoblasts) that maintain high rates of cellular turnover and a variety of molecular tools have been developed to induce DNA damage and dissect how neoblasts respond to this stressor. S. mediterranea displays high evolutionary conservation of DNA repair mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating adult SCs. We describe genetically induced-DNA damage models and highlight body-wide signals affecting cellular decisions such as survival, proliferation, and death in the presence of genomic instability. We also discuss transcriptomic changes in the DNA damage response during injury repair and propose DNA repair as key component of tissue regeneration. Additional studies using planaria will provide insights about mechanisms regulating survival and growth of cells with DNA damage during tissue renewal and regeneration. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.013
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21184368
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Use of calcium, folate, and vitamin D₃-fortified milk for 6 months improves nutritional status but not bone mass or turnover, in a group of Australian aged care residents.
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In residential care, inadequate calcium and folate intakes and low serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are common. We assessed whether daily provision of calcium, folate, and vitamin D₃-fortified milk for 6 months improved nutritional status (serum micronutrients), bone quality (heel ultrasound), bone turnover markers (parathyroid hormone, C-terminal collagen I telopeptide, terminal propeptide of type I procollagen), and/or muscle strength and mobility in a group of Australian aged care residents. One hundred and seven residents completed the study (mean (SD) age: 79.9 (10.1) years; body weight: 68.4 (15.4) kg). The median (inter-quartile range) volume of fortified milk consumed was 160 (149) ml/day. At the end of the study, the median daily vitamin D intake increased to 10.4 (8.7) μg (P <.001), which is 70% of the adequate intake (15 μg); and calcium density (mg/MJ) was higher over the study period compared with baseline (161 ± 5 mg/MJ vs. 142 ± 4 mg/MJ, P <.001). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations increased by 23 ± 2 nmol/L (83 (107)%, P <.001), yet remained in the insufficient range (mean 45 ± 2 nmol/L). Consumption of greater than the median intake of milk (160 ml/day) (n = 54, 50%) increased serum 25(OH)D levels into the adequate range (53 ± 2 nmol/L) and reduced serum parathyroid hormone by 24% (P =.045). There was no effect on bone quality, bone turnover markers, muscle strength, or mobility. Consumption of fortified milk increased dietary vitamin D intake and raised serum 25(OH)D concentrations, but not to the level thought to reduce fracture risk. If calcium-fortified milk also was used in cooking and milk drinks, this approach could allow residents to achieve a dietary calcium intake close to recommended levels. A vitamin D supplement would be recommended to ensure adequate vitamin D status for all residents.
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10.1080/01639360903140130
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