Author
string
Title
string
Year Published
int64
Country
string
Area(s)
string
Age Range
string
Study Years
string
Case Identification Method
string
Case Criterion
string
Sample Size
float64
Number of Cases
float64
ASD Prevalence Estimate per 1,000
float64
Confidence Interval (CI)
string
Male:Female Sex Ratio
float64
Non-Hispanic White:Hispanic Prevalence Ratio
float64
White:Black Prevalence Ratio
float64
Diagnosis Age Range (months)
string
Diagnosis Mean Age (months)
float64
Diagnosis Median Age (months)
string
IQ Score <70 (%)
float64
Adaptive Score <70 (%)
float64
Non-Verbal or Minimally Verbal (%)
float64
Percentage of Individual Co-occurring Conditions
string
Autism Types Included
string
Link to Publication
string
CDC Calculated Values
string
Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2008 Principal Investigators (CDC ADDM)
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders--Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 14 sites, United States, 2008
2,012
USA
Alabama; Arizona; Arkansas; Colorado; Florida; Maryland; Missouri; New Jersey; North Carolina; Pennsylvania; South Carolina; Utah; West Virginia; Wisconsin
8
2008
health records; education records
DSM-IV-TR
337,093
3,820
11.3
11.0 - 11.7
null
1.5
1.2
null
null
53
38
null
null
null
ASD (autistic disorder, PDD-NOS/aytpical autism, Asperger syndrome)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22456193
none
Surén, et al.
Autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy in Norwegian children
2,012
Norway
Nationwide
0 to 11
2010
registry
ICD-10
731,318
2,352
3.22
3.09 - 3.35
4.3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
17.3 (ADHD); 11.2 (epilepsy)
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22711729/
sex ratio; prevalence estimate; CI
Samadi, et al.
A national study of the prevalence of autism among five-year-old children in Iran
2,012
Iran
Nationwide
5
2006-2009
education records
autism test (ADI-R)
1,320,000
826
0.63
0.58 - 0.67
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (autistic disorder)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21610190
CI
Isaksen, et al.
Observed prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in two Norwegian counties
2,012
Norway
Oppland; Hedmark
6 to 12
null
education records; health records
autism test (ADI-R, ADOS-G); clinical interpretation
31,015
158
5.1
4.3 - 5.9
4.27
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (childhood autism, atypical autism, Asperger syndrome)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22342070
none
Indring, et al.
Autism spectrum disorders in the Stockholm youth cohort: Design, prevalence, and validity
2,012
Sweden
Stockholm County
0 to 17
2007
registry
ICD-9; ICD-10; DSM-IV; receipt of autism specific services
444,154
5,100
11.5
11.2 - 11.8
2.6
null
null
12-228
null
96
43
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3401114/
diagnosis median age and age range (years to months)
Lai, et al.
Gender and geographic differences in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in children: analysis of data from the national disability registry of Taiwan
2,012
Taiwan
Nationwide
6 to 11
2010
registry
DSM-IV-TR; clinical interpretation
1,538,830
3,893
2.53
2.45 - 2.61
6.6
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22245733/
CI
Nygren, et al.
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in toddlers: A population study of 2-year-old Swedish children
2,012
Sweden
Gothenburg
2
2010
health records
DSM-IV-TR
6,220
40
6.4
4.6 - 8.7
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (autism, atypical autism)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22048962
none
Pedersen, et al.
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children
2,012
USA
Arizona
8
2006
health records; education records
DSM-IV-TR; clinician interpretation
41,647
504
15
13.4 - 16.8
null
1.9
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22351889/
none
Schieve, et al.
Parent-reported prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in US-born children: an assessment of changes within birth cohorts from the 2003 to the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health
2,012
USA
Nationwide
7 to 17
2007
parental report
survey (phone)
56,728
null
18.9
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (autism, Asperger syndrome, PDD, other autism spectrum disorder)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22476793/
none
Al-Ansari, et al.
Epidemiology of autistic disorder in Bahrain: prevalence and obstetric and familial characteristics
2,013
Bahrain
null
2 to 27
2005
health records
clinical interpretation
null
null
0.43
null
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
38
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24313037/
none
Davidovitch, et al.
Prevalence and incidence of autism spectrum disorder in an Israeli population
2,013
Israel
null
1 to 12
2010
health records
DSM-IV; clinical interpretation
423,524
2,034
4.8
4.59 - 5.01
5.2
null
null
null
63.5
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, PDD-NOS)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22836322
none
Lai, et al.
Trends in the prevalence of childhood disability: analysis of data from the national disability registry of Taiwan, 2000-2011
2,013
Taiwan
Nationwide
3 to 17
2011
registry
DSM-IV; DSM-IV-TR; clinical interpretation
3,917,643
8,671
2.21
2.17 - 2.26
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24021391/
CI
Saemunds, et al.
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in Icelandic birth cohort
2,013
Iceland
null
11 to 15
2005-2009
service provider records
autism test (ADI-R, ADOS); clinical interpretation
22,229
267
12
10.7 - 13.5
2.8
null
null
null
null
null
45
null
null
7.1 (epilepsy)
ASD (childhood autism, Asperger syndrome)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788511
IQ Score <70 (%)
Surén, et al.
Differences across counties in the registered prevalence of autism, ADHD, epilepsy and cerebral palsy in Norway
2,013
Norway
Nationwide
0 to 12
2008-2011
registry
ICD-10
797,356
3,101
6
null
4.5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
PDD
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24084968/
case number
Taylor, et al.
Prevalence and incidence rates of autism in the UK: Time trend from 2004-2010 in children aged 8 years
2,013
United Kingdom
Nationwide
8
2004-2010
health records
other (specialist reports from multidisiplinary diagnostic teams)
256,278
616
2.4
2.22 - 2.60
5.1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24131525
number of cases; sample size; prevalence estimate; CI
Blumberg, et al.
Changes in prevalence of parent-reported autism spectrum disorder in school-aged U.S. children: 2007 to 2011-2012
2,013
USA
Nationwide
6 to 17
2011-2012
survey (phone)
parental report
65,556
1,393
20
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24988818
none
Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2010 Principal Investigators (CDC ADDM)
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years - Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2010
2,014
USA
Alabama; Arizona; Arkansas; Colorado; Georgia; Maryland; Missouri; New Jersey; North Carolina; Utah; Wisconsin
8
2010
health records; education records
DSM-IV-TR
363,749
5,338
14.7
14.3 - 15.1
4.5
1.5
1.3
null
null
null
31
null
null
null
ASD (autistic disorder, PDD-NOS/atypical autism, PDD-NOS, Asperger syndrome)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24670961
none
Huang, et al.
Prevalence and early signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among 18-36 month-old children of Tianjin in China
2,014
China
Tianjin
1.5 to 3
2009-2011
survey (in-person)
DSM-IV
8,000
22
2.75
1.6 - 3.9
4.5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
72.7
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24961855/
sex ratio; study years
Kim, et al.
A comparison of DSM-IV pervasive developmental disorder and DSM-5 autism spectrum disorder prevalence in an epidemiologic sample
2,014
South Korea
South Korea
7 to 12
2005-2006
survey (unspecified); registry
DSM-IV; DSM-5; clinical interpretation
null
null
22
17.7 - 26.4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24745950/
study years
Ouellette-Kuntz, et al.
The changing prevalence of autism in three regions of Canada
2,014
Canada
Newfoundland; Labrador; Prince Edward Island; Southeastern Ontario
2 to 14
2003-2010
health records; education records; service provider records
receipt of autism specific services
156,569
1,636
10.45
9.96 - 10.96
null
null
null
13-143 (newfoundland & Labrador); 19-164 (Prince Edward Island); 18-172 (Southeastern Ontario)
null
41 (Newfoundland & Labrador); 55 (Prince Edward Island); 56 (SE Ontario)
null
null
null
null
autism (autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23771514
sample size; number of cases; prevalence estimate; CI
Kakooza-Mwesige, et al.
Adaptation of the "ten questions" to screen for autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in Uganda
2,014
Uganda
Kampala District; Wakiso District
2 to 9
2010-2011
survey (in-person)
DSM-IV-TR
1,169
8
12
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23536263
none
Russell, et al.
Prevalence of parent-reported ASD and ADHD in the UK: findings from the Millennium Cohort Study
2,014
United Kindgom
England; Scotland; Wales; Northern Ireland
7
2008-2009
survey (unspecified)
parental report
14,043
209
17
14.0 - 20.0
5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
19.9 (ADHD)
ASD (autism spectrum disorder, autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23719853/#:~:text=1.7%20%25%20of%20children%20were%20reported,%25%20CI%200.2%2D0.5).
none
Zahorodny, et al.
Increasing autism prevalence in metropolitan New Jersey
2,014
USA
New Jersey
8
2006
health records; education records
DSM-IV-TR; clinical interpretation
30,570
533
17.4
15.9 - 18.9
5
2.66
2.66
9-102
null
48
null
null
null
null
ASD (autism spectrum disorder, autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, PDD-NOS)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23203404/
none
Sun, et al.
Parental concerns, socioeconomic status, and the risk of autism spectrum conditions in a population-based study
2,014
United Kindgon
Cambridgeshire
5 to 9
2003-2004
survey (mail); education records
ICD-10; autism test (ADI-R, ADOS); clinical interpretation
3,404
46
14
10.1 - 18.0
3.2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
Autistic Spectrum Conditions (classic autism, Asperger syndrome, and PDD-NOS)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891422214003138
CI
Zablotsky, et al.
Estimated prevalence of autism and other developmental disabilities following questionnaire changes in the 2014 natiol health interview survey
2,015
USA
Nationwide
3 to 17
2014
survey (in-person, phone)
parental report
13,000
null
22.4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (autism)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26632847
none
Atladottir, et al.
The increasing prevalence of reported diagnoses of childhood psychiatric disorders: a descriptive multinational comparison
2,015
Denmark
Nationwide
0 to 21
2011
registry
ICD-8; ICD-10
1,191,012
13,567
11.4
11.20 - 11.58
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD, childhood autism
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24796725/
prevalence estimate; CI; age range
Atladottir, et al.
The increasing prevalence of reported diagnoses of childhood psychiatric disorders: a descriptive multinational comparison
2,015
Finland
Nationwide
0 to 21
2011
registry
ICD-9; ICD-10
1,079,796
8,088
7.5
7.32 - 7.65
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD, childhood autism
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24796725/
prevalence estimate; CI; age range
Atladottir, et al.
The increasing prevalence of reported diagnoses of childhood psychiatric disorders: a descriptive multinational comparison
2,015
Sweden
Nationwide
0 to 19
2011
registry
ICD-9; ICD-10
1,797,704
11,887
6.6
6.49 - 6.73
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD, childhood autism
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24796725/
prevalence estimate; CI; age range
Atladottir, et al.
The increasing prevalence of reported diagnoses of childhood psychiatric disorders: a descriptive multinational comparison
2,015
Australia
Western Australia
0 to 20
2011
medical records; service provider records
ICD-9; ICD-10; DSM-IV
465,724
2,321
5
4.79 - 5.19
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD, childhood autism
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24796725/
prevalence estimate; CI; age range
Delobel-Ayoub, et al.
Socioeconomic Disparities and Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability
2,015
France
Haute-Garonne
8
2003-2012
registry
ICD-10
null
500
3.6
3.3 - 3.9
4.2
null
null
null
null
null
51.2
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26540408/
none
Idring, et al.
Changes in prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in 2001-2011: findings from the Stockholm youth cohort
2,015
Sweden
Stockholm County
0 to 27
2011
registry
DSM-IV; ICD-9; ICD-10; receipt of autism-specific services
735,096
11,330
15.4
15.1 - 15. 7
2.4
null
null
null
null
null
25.6
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25475364/#:~:text=The%20corresponding%20proportion%20of%20cases,children%20aged%202%2D17%20years.
sex ratio; IQ score
Lundström, et al.
Autism phenotype versus registered diagnosis in Swedish children: prevalence trends over 10 years in general population samples
2,015
Sweden
Nationwide
null
null
registry
ICD-9; ICD-10
1,078,975
4,620
4.2
4.16 - 4.41
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25922345/
CI
Pelly, et al.
Incidence and cohort prevalence for autism spectrum disorders in the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland and Labrador
2,015
Canada
Newfoundland; Labrador
4
2013
health records
DSM-IV-TR; clinical interpretation
2,668
58
21.6
16.85 - 28.0
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (autism spectrum disorder, autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, PDD-NOS)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4593414/
CI
Sun, et al.
Exploring the Underdiagnosis and Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Conditions in Beijing
2,015
China
Xicheng Districy, Beijing
6 to 11
null
survey (mail)
autism test (ADOS, ADI-R); clinical interpretation
737
6
11.9
5.3 - 26.5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
autism spectrum conditions (ASC)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25952676/
none
van Bakel, et al.
Low but increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in a French area from register-based data
2,015
France
Haute-Garonne; Isere; Savoy; Upper-Savoy counties
7
1997-2003
registry
clinical interpretation
307,751
1,123
3.65
3.44 - 3.87
4.1
null
null
null
null
null
47
null
null
4.7 (epilepsy); 0.8 (fragile X); <0.5 (tuberous sclerosis)
childhood autism, Asperger syndrome, and other ASDs (excluding Rett syndrome)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26048041
none
Van Naarden Braun, et al.
Trends in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, hearing loss, intellectual disability, and vision impairment, metropolitan atlanta, 1991-2010
2,015
USA
Atlanta, GA
8
2010
health records; education records
DSM-IV-TR; clinical interpretation
null
752
15.5
null
4.6
1.7
1.3
null
null
null
35.7
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25923140/
none
Dekkers, et al.
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in Ecuador: A pilot study in Quito
2,015
Ecuador
Quito
5 to 15
null
survey (in-person)
DSM-III; DSM-IV-TR; clinical interpretation
51,453
57
1.1
0.86 - 1.43
4.7
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (classical autism, Aperger syndrome, PDD-NOS, childhood disintergrative disorder, Rett syndrome)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4653240/
CI
Quinlan, et al.
Parental Age and Autism Spectrum Disorders Among New York City Children 0-36 Months of Age
2,015
USA
New York City, NY
null
null
registry ;other (government administrative data); education records
clinical interpretation
113,364
493
4.3
4.0 - 4.8
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25776271/
none
Samadi, et al.
Screening for Autism in Iranian Preschoolers: Contrasting M-CHAT and a Scale Developed in Iran
2,015
Iran
Mahabad
2 to 5
null
survey (in-person; online)
autism test (ADI-R, ADOS)
2,941
28
9.52
6.6 - 13.7
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25911978/
none
Bakare, et al.
Neurodevelopmental delay among children under the age of three years at immunization clinics in Lagos State, Nigeria - Preliminary report
2,016
Nigeria
Lagos State
0 to 3
null
survey (in-person)
ICD-10
3,011
4
1.33
0.52 - 3.41
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
autism spectrum disorder trait
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4850395/
CI
Boilson, et al.
Operationalisation of the European Protocol for Autism Prevalence (EPAP) for Autism Spectrum Disorder Prevalence Measurement in Ireland
2,016
Ireland
Galway City; Waterford City; Cork
6 to 11
null
survey (mail)
DSM-IV-TR; clinical interpretation
5,589
63
10
8.8 - 14.4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
autism, Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrone, childhood disintegrative disorder, PDD-NOS
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27364514/
CI
Bourke, et al.
Population-Based Prevalence of Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorders in Western Australia: A Comparison With Previous Estimates
2,016
Australia
Western Australia
0 to 27
2010
registry; service provider records
DSM (not specified)
null
2,307
4.1
null
4.1
null
null
null
null
null
70.7
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27227936/
age range
Chaaya, et al.
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Nurseries in Lebanon: A Cross Sectional Study
2,016
Lebanon
Beirut; Mount-Lebanon
1.3 to 4
null
survey (in-person)
other (child fails 3 or more items in M-CHAT questionnaire)
998
263
15.3
7.7 - 22.9
1.2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26362151/
none
Christensen, et al. (CDC ADDM)
Prevalence and characteristics of autism apectrum disorder among 4-year-old children in the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network
2,016
USA
Arizona; Missouri; New Jersey; Utah; Wisconsin
4
2010
education records; health records
DSM-IV-TR; clinical interpretation
58,467
783
13.4
12.5 - 14.4
3.5
0.9
1.2
null
null
32
46
null
null
null
ASD (autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, PDD-NOS)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26651088
none
Chiwa, et al.
Prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of autism among children attending primary and secondary schools in south east Nigeria
2,016
Nigeria
Enugu; Ebonyi
3 to 18
2014
survey (in-person)
DSM-IV-TR
721
21
29
19.12 - 44.12
1.1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5398438/
CI
Fombonne, et al.
Prevalence of autism apectrum aisorders in Guanajuato, Mexico: The Leon survey
2,016
Mexico
Leon
8
2011-2012
education records; health records; service provider records; survey (mail, in-person)
DSM-IV-TR
12,200
36
8.7
6.2 - 11.0
4.1
null
null
null
null
null
31
null
36
19.4 (epilepsy); 2.8 (Down syndrome); 2.8 (Rett syndrome); 2.8 (fragile X) ; 44.4 (emotional problems)
ASD (autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, PDD-NOS)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797939
IQ Score <70 (%)
Randall, et al.
Autism spectrum disorder: Presentation and prevalence in a nationally representative Australian sample
2,016
Australia
Nationwide
6 to 7
2010-2011
other (parent interview as part of on-going cohort study)
parental report
4,239
107
25
20.0 - 30.0
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
autism, Asperger syndrome, other autism spectrum
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26282446
none
Poovathil, et al.
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in a semiurban community in South India
2,016
India
Kerala
1 to 30
2011-2012
survey (in-person)
DSM-IV-TR
18,480
43
2.33
1.73 - 3.13
2.1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27497678
CI
Christensen, et al. (CDC ADDM)
Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorders among 8-years -- Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2012
2,016
USA
Arkansas; Arizona; Colorado; Georgia; Maryland; Missouri; New Jersey; North Carolina; South Carolina; Utah; Wisconsin
8
2012
health records; education records
DSM-IV-TR; clinical interpretation
346,038
5,063
14.6
14.2 - 15.0
4.5
1.5
1.2
null
null
50
32
null
null
null
ASD (autistic disorder, PDD-NOS including atypical autism, Asperger syndrome)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27031587
none
Durkin, et al.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Among US Children (2002-2010): Socioeconomic, Racial, and Ethnic Disparities
2,017
USA
Alabama; Arizona; Arkansas; Colorado; Georgia; Maryland; Missouri; New Jersey; North Carolina; Utah; Wisconsin
8
2006-2010
health records; education records
DSM-IV-TR; clinical interpretation
929,182
11,058
11.9
11.7 - 12.1
4.7
1.65
1.19
null
null
null
26.43
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28933930/
sex ratio; IQ score; non-Hispanic White:Hispanic and White:Black ratio
May, et al.
Autism spectrum disorder: Updated prevalence and comparison of two birth cohorts in a nationally representative Australian sample
2,017
Australia
Nationwide
10 to 11
2014
other (parent interview as part of on-going cohort study)
parental report
3,764
145
39
32.0 - 45.0
null
null
null
null
67.4
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (autism, Asperger syndrome, other autism spectrum)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5623420/
none
Raina, et al.
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder among Rural, Urban, and Tribal Children (1-10 Years of Age)
2,017
India
Himachal Pradesh
1 to 10
null
survey (in-person)
clinical interpretation
28,070
43
1.5
1.5 - 2.5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28694615/
none
Rudra, et al.
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and autistic symptoms in a school-based cohort of children in Kolkata, India
2,017
India
Kolkata
3 to 8
2010-2013
survey (phone, in-person)
ADOS; clinical interpretation
11,849
6
2.3
0.7 - 4.6
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (autism, broader autism spectrum)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5655917/
none
Skoniecz-Żydecka, et al.
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in West Pomeranian and Pomeranian Regions of Poland
2,017
Poland
West Pomeranian; Pomeranian regions
0 to 16
2010-2014
other (government administrative data)
clinical interpretation; autism test (ADOS-2, ADI-R)
707,975
2,464
3.5
3.35 - 3.62
4.3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (autism, atypical autism, Rett syndrome, children disintegrative disorder, hyperkinetic disorder accompied mental retardation and stereotyped movements, Asperger syndrome, PDD, PDD-NOS)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26771078
CI
Soke, et al.
Brief Report: Estimated Prevalence of a Community Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder by Age 4 Years in Children from Selected Areas in the United States in 2010: Evaluation of Birth Cohort Effects
2,017
USA
Arizona; New Jersey; Utah; Missouri; Wisconsin
4
2010
health records; education records
DSM-IV-TR; clinical interpretation
58,467
465
8
7.2 - 8;7
3.9
2.2
3.1
null
null
32
48.7
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5650225/
number of cases
Thomas, et al.
Brief Report: Prevalence of Co-occurring Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder: The U.S. National Survey of Children's Health 2011-2012
2,017
USA
Nationwide
2 to 17
2011-2012
survey (phone)
parental report
85,248
1,604
18
17.93 - 19.75
4.3
7.76
9.23
null
null
null
22.3
null
null
8.6 (epilepsy)
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27752862/
CI
Xie, et al.
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders with and without Intellectual Disability by Gestational Age at Birth in the Stockholm Youth Cohort: a Register Linkage Study
2,017
Sweden
Stockholm
0 to 17
2011
service provider records
ICD-9; ICD-10; DSM-IV
480,728
10,025
21
20.45 - 21.26
2.4
null
null
null
null
null
23.6
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6827186/
CI
Zablotsky, et al.
Estimated Prevalence of Children With Diagnosed Developmental Disabilities in the United States, 2014-2016
2,017
USA
Nationwide
3 to 17
2014-2016
survey (in-person)
parental report
null
null
24.7
22.3 - 27.2
null
1.52
1.11
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29235982/
none
Kogan, et al.
The prevalence of parent-reported autism spectrum disorder among US children.
2,018
USA
Nationwide
3 to 17
2016
survey (online, mail)
parental report
43,021
1,131
25
22.3 - 28.1
4.2
1.1
0.9
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (autism)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30478241
White:Hispanic and White:black prevalence ratio
Arora, et al.
Prevalence of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders across five regions in India
2,018
India
Kangra; Hyderabad; Dhenkal; North Goa
6 to 9
2011-2012
survey (in-person)
clinical interpretation
3,964
44
14
6.0 - 32.0
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (autism, Asperger syndrome, PDD-NOS, childhood disintegrative disorder)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6057634/pdf/pmed.1002615.pdf
none
Baio, et al. (CDC ADDM)
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years - Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2014
2,018
USA
Arizona; Arkansas; Colorado; Georgia; Maryland; Minnesota; Missouri; New Jersey; North Carolina; Tennessee; Wisconsin
8
2014
health records; education records
DSM-IV-TR; clinical interpretation
325,483
5,473
16.8
16.4 - 17.3
4
1.2
1.1
null
null
52
31
null
null
null
ASD (autistic disorder, PDD-NOS/atypical autism, Asperger syndrome)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29701730
none
Xu, et al.
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children and adolescents, 2014-2016
2,018
USA
Nationwide
3 to 17
2014-2016
survey (in-person, phone)
parental report
30,502
711
24.7
22.0 - 27.3
3.3
1.5
1.1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5833544/
none
Heys, et al.
The estimated prevalence of autism in school-aged children living in rural Nepal using a population-based screening tool
2,018
Nepal
Makwanpur district
9 to 13
2014-2015
survey (in-person)
other (AQ-10 score ≥ 6)
4,098
14
3
2.00 - 5.00
1.3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
autism
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6153945/
prevalence estimate; CI
Rydzewska, et al.
Prevalence of long-term health conditions in adults with autism: Prevalence of long-term health conditions in adults with autism: observational study of a whole country population study of a whole country population
2,018
Scotland
Nationwide
0 to 25
2011
other (census data)
self-report
3,746,584
6,649
1.77
1.73 - 1.82
2.3
null
null
null
null
null
29
null
null
31.8 (mental health conditions)
ASD, Asperger syndrome
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6120653/
prevalence estimate; CI
Bachmann, et al.
Diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Germany: Time Trends in Administrative Prevalence and Diagnostic Stability
2,018
Germany
Nationwide
0 to 24
2012
other (health insurance records)
ICD-10
6,400,000
21,186
3.8
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29671642/
CI
Diallo, et al.
Prevalence and correlates of autism spectrum disorders in Quebec
2,018
Canada
Quebec
1 to 17
2014-2015
other (government administrative data)
ICD-9; ICD-10
1,464,600
16,940
12.2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
8.4 (epilepsy); 42 (ADHD); 34.2 (anxio-depressive disorders)
ASD (autistic disorder, childhood disintergrative disorder, PDD, PDD-NOS, Rett syndrome)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5894913/
none
Nevison, et al.
California autism prevalence trends from 1931 to 2014 and comparison to national ASD data from IDEA and ADDM
2,018
USA
California
5
2017
service provider records
receipt of autism specific services
null
null
11.8
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
autism disorder
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29974300/
none
Narzisi, et al.
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a large Italian catchment area: a school-based population study within the ASDEU project
2,018
Italy
Pisa
7 to 9
null
education records; health records; survey (unspecified)
clinical interpretation; autism test (ADI-R, ADOS-2)
10,138
81
7.9
6.2 - 9.7
5.2
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
52
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30187843/
none
Jin, et al.
Prevalence of DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder Among School-Based Children Aged 3-12 Years in Shanghai, China
2,018
China
Shanghi
3 to 12
2014
survey (unspecified)
DSM-5; clinical interpretation
74,252
203
0.758
0.687 - 0.829
3.6
null
null
null
null
null
93
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29453711/
none
Akhter, et al.
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) among the children aged 18-36 months in a rural community of Bangladesh: A cross sectional study
2,018
Bangladesh
Sirajganj district
1.5 to 3
2016
survey (in-person)
DSM-IV-TR; autism test (ADOS); clinical interpretation
5,286
4
0.75
0.29 - 1.94
3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30026928/
CI
Morales-Hidalgo, et al.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Spanish School-Age Children
2,018
Spain
Tarragona
3 to 5
null
survey (unspecified)
autism test (ADI-R, ADOS-2); clinical interpretation
1,358
21
15.5
8.9 - 22.0
4.3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
25 (language delay)
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29696527/
none
Sun, et al.
Autism prevalence in Chi is comparable to Western prevalence
2,019
China
Jilin City; Jiamusi City; Shenzen city
6 to 10
2013
survey (mail); other (government administrative data)
clinical interpretation; DSM-IV-TR; DSM-5; autism test (ADI-R, ADOS)
7,349
77
10.8
8.7 - 13.5
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
autism
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6394100/
sample size; number of cases
Xu, et al.
The prevalence and treatment patterns of autism spectrum disorder in the United States, 2016
2,019
USA
Nationwide
3 to 17
2016
survey (online)
parental report
43,031
1,229
27.9
24.6 - 31.2
4.3
1.1
0.8
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30508021/
none
Imm, et al.
Assessment of racial and ethnic bias in autism spectrum disorder prevalence estimates from a US surveillance system
2,019
USA
Colorado; Wisconsin
8
2012 & 2014
health records; education records
DSM-IV-TR; clinical interpretation
152,259
1,913
12.6
12.1 - 13.2
null
1.51
1.53
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
autistic disorder, PDD-NOS including atypical autism or Asperger syndrome
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30892923/
none
Zablotsky, et al.
Prevalence and Trends of Developmental Disabilities among Children in the United States: 2009-2017
2,019
USA
Nationwide
3 to 17
2009-2017
survey (in-person)
parental report
88,530
1,550
17.4
16.67 - 18.39
2.3
1.1
1.3
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (autism, Asperger syndrome, PDD)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31558576/#:~:text=Results%3A%20From%202009%20to%202011,%25%2D1.2%25%2C%20P%20%3C%20.
sex ratio; White:Hispanic and White:Black prevalence ratio
Christensen, et al. (CDC ADDM)
Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children 4 years - Early autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, seven sites, United Stated, 2010, 2012, and 2014
2,019
USA
Arizona; Colorado; Missouri; New Jersey; North Carolina; Utah; Wisconsin
4
2014
education records; health records
DSM-IV-TR; clinical interpretation
70,887
1,208
17
16.1 - 18.0
4.1
null
null
null
null
null
46
null
null
null
ASD (autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, PDD-NOS)
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/ss/ss6802a1.htm?s_cid=ss6802a1_e
none
Al-Mamri, et al.
Revisiting the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among Omani children: A multicentre study
2,019
Oman
null
0 to 14
2011-2015
health records
DSM-5; clinical interpretation
837,655
1,705
2.04
1.94 - 2.13
3.6
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31897313/
none
Alshaban, et al.
Prevalence and correlates of autism spectrum disorder in Qatar: A national study
2,019
Qatar
Nationwide
6 to 11
2015-2018
service provider records; education records; survey (mail, phone)
autism test (ADOS-2, ADI-R); clinical interpretation; DSM-5
142,855
844
11.4
8.9 - 14.6
4.3
null
null
null
42.8
null
null
null
19
5.1 (prematurity); 30.2 (ADHD); 11 (anxiety); 82.1 (learning disability); 91.4 (language delay)
ASD (not specified)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6899566/
sample size
Chen, et al.
Prevalence of DSM-5 mental disorders in a nationally representative sample of children in Taiwan: Methodology and main findings
2,019
Taiwan
Nationwide
7 to 14
2015-2017
survey (in-person)
DSM-5; autism test ( K-SADS-E in Mandarin); clinical interpretation
4,816
52
10
6.0 - 15.0
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30696515/
none
Hoang, et al.
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders and their relation to selected socio-demographic factors among children aged 18-30 months in northern Vietnam, 2017
2,019
Vietnam
Hanoi; Thai Binh province; Hoa Binh province
1.5 to 2.5
2017
survey (in-person)
DSM-IV; clinical interpretation
17,277
130
7.52
6.29 - 8.93
4.7
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6487529/
age range (months to years)
Mohammadi, et al.
Prevalence of autism and its comorbidities and the relationship with maternal psychopathology: A national population-based study
2,019
Iran
Nationwide
6 to 18
null
survey (in-person)
other (Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL-2009) diagnostic tool)
29,737
37
1.8
1.20 - 2.40
2
null
null
null
null
null
70
null
null
2.7 (depressive disorders); 27 (anxiety disorders); 21.6 (ADHD); 29.7 (epilepsy)
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31679355/
none
Pérez-Crespo, et al.
Temporal and Geographical Variability of Prevalence and Incidence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnoses in Children in Catalonia, Spain
2,019
Spain
Catalonia
2 to 17
2017
registry
ICD-9
1,326,666
15,466
12.3
12.1 - 12.5
4.5
null
null
null
105.6
96
null
null
null
null
autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, other specified pervasive development disorder, PDD-NOS
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31317678/
none
Jariwala-Parikh, et al.
Autism Prevalence in the Medicaid Program and Healthcare Utilization and Costs Among Adult Enrollees Diagnosed with Autism
2,019
USA
Alabama; Arizona; Arkansas; California; Colorado; Conneticut; Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; India; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisia; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Nebraska; Nevada; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; Ohio; Oklahoma; Oregon; Rhode Island; South Carolina; Tennessee; Texas; Vermont; Virginia; Washington; West Virginia
18 to 64
2008
other (government administrative data)
ICD-9-CM
8,127,049
29,745
3.66
3.62 - 3.70
2.8
3.4
1.6
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
autism
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31352637/
sample size; CI; White:Hispanic and White:Black prevalence ratio
Hamad, et al.
Annual trends in prevalence and incidence of autism spectrum disorders in Manitoba preschoolers and toddlers: 2004-2015
2,019
Canada
Manitoba
1 to 5
2015
health records
ICD-9; ICD-10
59,438
578
9.7
8.97 - 10.55
null
null
null
null
39.6
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30747348/
CI
Maenner, et al. (CDC ADDM)
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years - Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2016
2,020
USA
Arizona; Arkansas; Colorado; Georgia; Maryland; Minnesota; Missouri; New Jersey; North Carolina; Tennessee; Wisconsin
8
2016
education records; health records
DSM-IV-TR; DSM-5; clinical interpretation
275,419
5,108
18.5
18.0 - 19.1
4.3
1.2
1
null
null
51
33
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/ss/ss6904a1.htm?s_cid=ss6904a1_w
none
Shaw, et al. (CDC ADDM)
Early identification of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 4 years - Early autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, six sites, United States, 2016
2,020
USA
Arizona; Colorado; Missouri; New Jersey; North Carolina; Utah; Wisconsin
4
2016
education records; health records
DSM-5; clinical interpretation
72,277
1,125
15.6
14.7 - 16.5
3.5
0.7
0.9
null
null
33
53
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/ss/ss6903a1.htm?s_cid=ss6903a1_e&deliveryme=USCDC_921-DM23839#T2_down
none
Hong, et al.
Prevalence and economic burden of autism spectrum disorder in South Korea using national health insurance data from 2008 to 2015
2,020
South Korea
Nationwide
null
2015
other (government administrative data)
ICD-10
51,529,338
5,663
0.11
0.107 - 0.112
5.1
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31630294/
CI
Saito, et al.
Prevalence and cumulative incidence of autism spectrum disorders and the patterns of co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders in a total population sample of 5-year-old children
2,020
Japan
Hirosaki
5
2013-2016
survey (mail)
clinical interpretation; DSM-5
5,016
87
32.2
26.6 - 3.76
2.2
null
null
null
null
null
37
null
null
50.57 (ADHD)
ASD (not specified)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7227343/
none
Zablotsky, et al.
Prevalence of Children Aged 3-17 Years With Developmental Disabilities, by Urbanicity: United States, 2015-2018
2,020
USA
Nationwide
3 to 17
2015-2018
survey (in-person, phone)
parental report
33,775
856
25
22.0 - 27.0
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32510313/
none
Fuentes, et al.
The ASDEU autism prevalence study in northern Spain
2,020
Basque Country, Spain
County of Gipuzkoa
7 to 9
null
survey (unspecified); service provider records
autism test (ADOS-G, ADOS-2, ADI-R); clinical interpretation
14,734
87
5.9
4.8 - 7.3
6.2
null
null
null
null
null
50
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32388625/
none
May, et al.
Autism spectrum disorder prevalence in children aged 12-13 years from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
2,020
Australia
Nationwide
12 to 13
null
survey (in-person)
parental report
3,300
145
43.6
35.6 - 51.9
null
null
null
null
73.44
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (autism, Asperger syndrome, other autism spectrum)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32124539/
none
Kita, et al.
Prevalence Estimates of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Japan: A community sample questionnaire study
2,020
Japan
null
6 to 9
2015
survey (in-person)
parental report
2,085
40
19
13.0 - 25.0
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31657492/
number of cases
Thomaidis, et al.
Autism Spectrum Disorders in Greece: Nationwide Prevalence in 10-11 Year-Old Children and Regional Disparities
2,020
Greece
Nationwide
10 to 11
2019
service provider records
special education classification
182,879
2,108
11.5
11.4 - 11.7
4.14
null
null
null
6
null
null
null
null
null
ASD, autism, PDD
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7408756/
none
Zhou, et al.
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Chi: A Nationwide Multi-center Population-based Study Among Children Aged 6 to 12 Years
2,020
China
Shanghi; Guangzhou; Changsha; Chengdu; Chongquig; Wenzhou; Beijing; Harbin
6 to 12
2014-2016
registry
DSM-5; autism test (ADI-R, ADOS)
125,806
363
7
6.4 - 7.4
4.3
null
null
null
null
null
64
null
null
43.1 (ADHD); 6.4 (OCD); 5.7 (epilepsy)
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32607739/
none
Nevison, et al.
California Autism Prevalence by County and Race/Ethnicity: Declining Trends Among Wealthy Whites
2,020
USA
California
6
2019
service provider records
receipt of autism specific services
null
null
15
null
null
1.2
0.8
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (autism, Asperger syndrome, PDD-NOS)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32193763/
White:Hispanic and White:Black prevalence ratio
Safer-Lichtenstein, et al.
School-Based Autism Rates by State: An Analysis of Demographics, Political Leanings, and Differential Identification
2,020
USA
Nationwide
6 to 21
2015, 2016, 2017
other (government education data)
special education classification
50,693,053
625,215
12.3
12.30- 12.36
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32926306/
CI
Bosch, et al.
Neurodevelopmental disorders among Spanish school-age children: prevalence and sociodemographic correlates
2,020
Spain
Catalonia
5 to 17
2011-2017
survey (in-person)
clinical interpretation
7,180
48
7
5.05 - 8.85
7
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (unspecified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33436129/
CI; study years
Brooks, et al.
Identifying Children and Youth with Autism Spectrum Diorder in Electronic Medical Records: Examining Health System Utilization and Comorbidities
2,021
Canada
Ontario
1 to 24
2016
health records; other (government administrative data)
other (site-specific administrative billing codes)
80,237
1,062
13.2
12.47 - 14.05
4
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
21.5 (mood and affective disorder)
ASD (not specified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33098262/
CI
Yuan, et al.
Racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence and trends of autism specrum disorder in US children and adolescents
2,021
USA
Nationwide
3 to 17
2014-2019
survey (in-person; phone)
parental report
52,550
1,330
24.9
22.9 - 26.8
3.5
1.4
0.99
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
ASD (not specified)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7936258/
none
Morales-Hidalgo
Autism spectrum disorder prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors in the school population: EPINED study
2,021
Spain
Tarragona
4 to 5; 10 to 11
2014-2019
survey (unspecified)
autism test (ADI-R, ADOS-2); clinical interpretation
3,727
57
15.3
11.4 - 19.2
4.7
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
18.8 (ADHD for ages 4-5); 44 (ADHD for ages 10-11)
ASD (unspecified)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33884927/
none