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彭斯副总统在2019年慕尼黑安全会议上的讲话 |德国慕尼黑
在我们与我们的盟友肩并肩、强化北约（NATO）并抵抗挑衅时，特朗普总统的领导力也正在印度-太平洋地区带来历史性改变。美国寻求这样一个印度-太平洋地区：各独立国家大胆地追求自身利益，以平等的态度尊重邻国；各类社会、信仰和传统共同繁荣；每一个人都能行使天赋的自由，追求自己的梦想，规划自己的命运。
但是正如特朗普总统所说过的，多年以来，美国在我们与中国的贸易关系中面临着“高额的关税”。那些行为造成美国仅去年[2017]一年就出现3750亿美元的货物贸易逆差。为了着手解决这一点，在总统的指示下，美国已经采取了果断的行动。我们已经对价值2500亿美元的中国商品施加了关税，并明确表示我们还可能把这个数字增加一倍多。
但是正如特朗普总统所表明的，我们希望有更好的情况。
在我们相聚在此之时，谈判正在北京进行，来重新定义我们的贸易关系。而且我们的谈判不仅仅是关于贸易不平衡。在特朗普总统的领导下，美国也已经明确表示中国必须着手解决长期存在的知识财产盗窃、强制技术转让的问题以及其他存在于中国的结构性问题，这些问题给我们的经济和世界各地的经济体造成了负担。
特朗普总统十分尊重习主席，我也一样。而且总统仍然希望随着这些谈判的继续，我们将能够取得切实的进展，并在我们两国之间建立自由、公平和对等的贸易。
当前，其他问题将仍然存在：在南中国海的航行自由、债务外交、干涉国内政治事务以及中国少数宗教群体的权利。北京知晓我们的立场。
虽然美国将继续保持坚定的立场，我们也仍然希望随着讨论的继续，我们将能够迈出这第一步，以便在对等和互相尊重的基础上重新定义我们的关系，并且通过这样做，让着手解决其他问题成为可能，来造福美国和中国还有世界。
如果中国选择尊重其邻居的主权，拥抱自由、公平、对等的贸易，并维护人权和自由，它在我们对一个自由、开放的印度-太平洋的愿景中则享有受尊敬的地位。美国人民别无所求，而中国人民和整个印太地区理应得到所有这些。
另一方面，想想我们在特朗普总统的领导下已经在印度-太平洋地区有了多大的进展，真是令人惊叹。当我两年前站在这个讲台上时，北朝鲜定期进行核试验，发射导弹飞越日本上空，并威胁美国和我们的盟友。
面对这一威胁，特朗普总统联合了全世界展开一场前所未有的施压运动。世界已目睹了结果：不再有核试验。不再有导弹发射。我们的人质返回家园。凯伦和我有幸在我们献出生命的朝鲜战争英雄的遗骸开始回家之时亲临夏威夷现场。
然后去年，在新加坡举行的历史性峰会上，特朗普总统得到了金委员长对实现北朝鲜最终、经完全核实的无核化的承诺。
现在，在我们发言之时，特朗普总统正在为仅几周后与金委员长在越南举行的另一场峰会作准备。而且，再一次地，特朗普总统充满希望。他认为和平是可能的。但我们的盟友可以确定的是：我们不会重复过去的错误。所有国家必须继续站在一起，强力执行所有联合国安理会决议，并要求北朝鲜履行其在《新加坡宣言》中作出的承诺。我可以向你保证，美国也将这样做。
在我们为和平而努力的同时，我们将继续坚定不移，直到我们实现北朝鲜最终、经完全核实的无核化。这是我们为我们的子孙后代，为印度-太平洋地区，为整个世界应当做的。 | Remarks by Vice President Pence at the 2019 Munich Security Conference | Munich, Germany
So while we’re standing with our allies, strengthening NATO, and standing up to aggression, President Trump’s leadership is also bringing about historic change in the Indo-Pacific. The United States seeks an Indo-Pacific where independent nations boldly pursue their own interests, respecting their neighbors as equals; where societies, beliefs, and traditions flourish side by side; where individuals exercise their God-given liberties to pursue their dreams and chart their destinies.
But as President Trump has said, for years the United States has faced “tremendous tariffs” in our trading relations with China. Those actions have contributed to a $375 billion goods trade deficit with the United States last year alone. To address that, at the President’s direction, the United States has taken decisive action. We’ve put tariffs on $250 billion worth of Chinese goods and made it clear that we could more than double that number.
But as President Trump has made clear, we hope for better.
As we gather here, negotiations are underway in Beijing to redefine our trading relationship. And our negotiations are not simply about the trade imbalance. Under President Trump’s leadership, the United States has also made it clear that China must address the longstanding issues of intellectual-property theft, forced technology transfer, and other structural issues in China that have placed a burden on our economy and on economies around the world.
President Trump has great respect for President Xi, and so do I. And the President remains hopeful that, as those negotiations continue, we’ll be able to make real progress and establishing trade between our two countries that is free, fair, and reciprocal.
Now, other issues will remain: the freedom of navigation in the South China Sea, debt diplomacy, interference in domestic political affairs, and the rights of religious minorities in China. And Beijing knows where we stand.
And while America will keep standing strong, we’ll also keep remaining hopeful, as these discussions continue, that we’ll be able to take this first step to redefine our relationship based on reciprocity and mutual respect, and in so doing, make it possible to address other issues to the benefit of the United States and China, and the world.
China has an honored place in our vision of a free and open Indo-Pacific if it chooses to respect its neighbors’ sovereignty; embrace free, fair, and reciprocal trade; and uphold human rights and freedom. The American people want nothing more, and the Chinese people and the entire Indo-Pacific deserve nothing less.
In one other respect, it’s remarkable to think how far we’ve come under President Trump’s leadership in the Indo-Pacific. When I stood at this podium two years ago, North Korea was engaged in regular nuclear tests, launching missiles over Japan, and threatening the United States and our allies.
Faced with this threat, President Trump rallied the world around an unprecedented pressure campaign. And the world has witnessed the results: No more nuclear tests. No more missiles being fired. Our hostages are home. And Karen and I had the privilege to be present in Hawaii as the remains of our fallen Korean War heroes began to come home.
And then, last year, at their historic summit in Singapore, President Trump received a commitment from Chairman Kim to achieve the final, fully verified denuclearization of North Korea.
Now, as we speak, President Trump is preparing for another summit with Chairman Kim in Vietnam in just a few weeks. And, again, President Trump is hopeful. He believes peace is possible. But our allies may be assured: We will not repeat the mistakes of the past. All nations must continue to stand together, enforce all U.N. Security Council resolutions, and hold North Korea to the commitments it made in the Singapore declaration. And I can promise you, America will as well.
And while we work for peace, we will continue to stand firm until we achieve the final, fully verified denuclearization of North Korea. We owe it to our children, to the Indo-Pacific, and to the world. |
美国卫生与公众服务部（U.S. Department of Health and Human Services）
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2020年1月28日
关于冠状病毒的新闻简报会（摘译）
卫生与公众服务部部长亚历克斯·阿扎尔（Alex Azar）
疾病控制与预防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention）主任罗伯特·雷德菲尔德（Robert Redfield）博士
疾病控制与预防中心国家免疫中心（National Center for Immunization）主任南希·梅森尼尔（Nancy Messonnier）博士
国家卫生研究院（NIH）过敏症和传染病研究所（National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases）主任安东尼∙福奇（Anthony Fauci）
* * * *
阿扎尔：我们现在面临的危险之一是，我们还不了解关于这种病毒需要知道的所有情况。但是我想强调的是，这并不能阻止我们做好应对的准备。我们有以往对付严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）和中東呼吸綜合症（MERS）这两种对人体造成严重疾病的冠状病毒的经验。我们有应对亚洲禽流感疫情的经验。
* * * *
应对传染病疫情的规范相对简单，涉及很多层次。发现病例，隔离人员，进行诊断和治疗。然后追踪受感染的病人接触的所有的人，然后对这些人员采取同样的措施，如有必要，也可对接触者再接触的人采取同样的措施。这就是公共卫生部门和医疗护理人员与疾病控制与预防中心一起正在美国处理各种案例的方法。我很感激他们正在共同进行的努力。
这些工作，再加上研究和分析，也是我们如何回答我刚才提出的问题的途径。1月6日，我们提出派疾病控制与预防中心的团队前往中国，通过这些公共卫生官员的努力提供帮助。星期一，我在与中国卫生部长谈话时再次提出这个建议。今天通过世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）在北京的领导人又提出了建议。我们对中国强调，做到更合作和更透明是你们为提高应对效果采取的最重要的步骤。
除此之外，应对传染病传播的所有方案都必须准备好，包括旅行限制。但是疾病并不会顾忌边界。所以我们必须认真评估，除了我刚才谈到的已完全经过测试的方式外，是否需要根据情况采取任何其他步骤。
* * * *
……总统与我经常就疫情进行交谈。自疫情构成国际性威胁以来，我每天与国家卫生研究院和白宫（White House）高级官员进行多次交谈。总统高度关注应对疫情的问题，密切注视我们为保障美国人安全正在从事的工作。
* * * *
雷德菲尔德：谢谢你，部长先生。谢谢诸位今天参加我们就目前疫情发展的最新情况进行的讨论。在美国和全球各地，情况正在迅速发生变化。目前我们知道全世界已有18个地区发现这种新型病毒，包括美国。为了在这种新型病毒出现之际更好地保护美国公众的健康，根据来自中国的疫情进展，疾病控制与预防中心已重新评估了切入战略，决定扩大对美国机场旅客进行检测的范围，从原来的5个机场扩大到20个机场。
* * * *
目前正值流感季节，呼吸系统疾病爆发的季节，我国出现了很多呼吸系统疾病。我们建议常洗手，咳嗽时捂住口鼻，如果生病要留在家里。对于医疗护理人员，我们要求他们注意曾前往中国旅行的人，特别是湖北省，是否有发热和呼吸系统症状。你如果正在护理已确诊的病人，我们要求你按照有关的建议，采取控制传染的程序。
对于所有可能已经受到感染的人，我们要求你们遵循疾病控制与预防中心的指导，减少将疾病传播给其他人的危险。对于可能与某些已确诊的病人有密切接触的人，我们也要求他们遵循有关的指导，一旦出现症状需与医疗护理人员联系。
* * * *
福奇：…… 我向各位简要介绍一下国家卫生研究院、我们拨款合同方以及我们在业界的合作伙伴正在探索和跟踪的一些诊断与治疗以及疫苗方面的对应措施。首先，就诊断学角度而言，疾病控制与预防中心根据已经公开的病毒基因序列，迅速开发诊断手段。国家卫生研究院与疾病控制与预防中心将共同开发下一代更即时的实地诊断手段，从而能够向世界有关国家各地提供。
接下来是治疗。对冠状病毒感染尚无确证有效疗法。但是，现在有许多正在进行中的基于过去的严重急性呼吸综合征和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒所开始的研究。例如，在当时以及在那些疫情与这次爆发之间的这段时间里，有多项抗病毒药物进行了试管和一些动物模式试验，甚至有偶尔在实地的历史对照控制研究。其中一种抗病毒药物是Remdesivir，你们有些人也许记得，它是埃博拉（Ebola）病毒临床试验的药剂之一。还有现在在中国基于人道关怀理由给予某些使用的KALETRA，它是两种抗逆转录病毒药物的结合。
我必须再次强调，这些药物的效力都没有得到证明，但正在对它们进行研究，同时也在鉴别其他一些药剂。我也许应指出为什么我们获得分离病毒如此重要，我们很快将从我国受感染的几个人那里得到它们，就是你们听到的那五个人。另外就是单克隆抗体。我们在对抗非典病毒时，开发了可能会产生疗效的单克隆抗体。但再次说明，没有任何疗法得到证明，因为它们未经过使用——它们仅仅是用于试管和动物模式中。
* * * *
最后，也是十分重要的一点，疫苗。我们已经在国家卫生研究院并且与许多合作伙伴开始开发疫苗。……。
中国在完成病毒分离后，将基因序列放入了公开的数据库。21世纪的技术使我们能够运用这一序列，抽出具体冠状病毒的纤突蛋白基因，将其作为制作疫苗的免疫原。目前正在进行这项准备。我带着一些谨慎的乐观预计，我们将在未来三个月内开始第一阶段试验。
我要强调，因为有时候会有误解，即开始第一阶段试验不意味着马上将有可以投入使用的疫苗。需要用三个月开始试验，需要用三个月获取安全和免疫数据，然后进入第二阶段。第二阶段的工作取决于在这几个月里病情爆发的情况。不要忘记，我们对非典进行了第一阶段试验，但不曾需要使用那种疫苗。不过无论怎样，我们正在以将必须投放使用这种疫苗的姿态展开我们的努力。
换句话说，我们是把它作为将有更严重爆发的最糟糕情况来对待。所以，简言之，现在我们有三种正在研究中的对抗方式。诊断、治疗和疫苗，而后，我们将随着在每个方面取得进展，向各位通报。谢谢。
问：谢谢你。《南华早报》（South China Morning Post）的罗伯特·德莱尼（Robert Delaney）。我就想进一步问一下有关白宫正在考虑从中国到美国的旅行限制的媒体报道。我的另一个问题是有关提出——让美国疾病控制与预防中心团队——通过同中国的医卫当局合作支持一项解决方案。关于中国的回应是什么，以及谁参与了有关互动，你能为我们提供更多的信息吗？谢谢你。
阿扎尔：-关于旅行限令……在一种新型传染病快速出现的情况下，重要的是不排除任何一种方案。我们将持续评估将要采取的适当的公共卫生措施，基于科学、实证以及我们所知的流行病学，其中包括一些重要信息……我们希望通过尽可能快地到中国实地工作来了解，以便能看到原始数据和原始实证，并帮助制定确实需要的那类研究和分析。
这涉及到你的第二个问题，即我们提出的建议，我们的确希望中国政府将采纳我们的建议，疾病控制与预防中心的专家正在待命，已准备好、愿意并能够立即前往中国，不论是在一种双边基础之上还是在世界卫生组织的主持之下。因此，我一直在直接同中国国家卫生健康委员会主任，马主任，以及世卫组织总干事谭德塞（Tedros）进行这些商讨，而且他——谭德塞总干事刚刚在今天上午在中国同最高级别的官员进行了会谈，也就是中国的周二上午。
我感到我同中国政府的互动非常具有建设性和合作性，而且我希望将会有一种积极的解决方式，能够实施，特别是在世界卫生组织的主持下……
雷德菲尔德：目前我们在中国有一个疾病控制与预防中心的办公室，设在中国疾病控制中心内。我们将增加我们在那里的人员，帮助他们真正识别流行病理，并回答一些已经提出的关键性问题，例如有关无症状传播的问题，特别是潜伏期的问题，因为它如此长短不一。我们还能帮助他们开始理解感染谱的真实情况。
我们还开发出了一种诊断测试，我们可以用它来切实说明在一名患者的确痊愈之后——他们是否真被感染过？这就是我们所做的关键性工作。我们增强实验室支持，但最重要的是，我们增强流行病学能力，来解答这些关键性问题，理解它们对于今后的公共卫生行动至关重要。
* * * *
阿扎尔：……关于同美国驻武汉领事馆有关的人员及家属返回的航班，我们将大力参与那架航班以及有关人员的运输事宜。[他们]将接受持续的检查和评估。飞机上将有医生，而且我们将对他们采取各项基于实证的适当的公共卫生措施，就像我们在其他任何情况下所做的一样。因此将——这将全部取决于我们在进行检查以及同有关人员交谈并进行我们在任何一种传染病接触者追踪行动中所做的那种评估时了解到的情况。
* * * * | Excerpts of Press Briefing on Coronavirus
AZAR: Part of the risk we face right now is that we don’t yet know everything we need to know about this virus. But I want to emphasize that does not prevent us from preparing and responding. We have the experience of responding to two earlier coronaviruses that emerged to cause serious illness in people, SARS and MERS. And we have experience responding to bird flu outbreaks in Asia.
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The playbook for responding to an infectious disease outbreak is relatively simple and multi- tiered. You identify cases, isolate people, diagnose them and treat them. Then you track down all the contacts of the infected person, and you do the same with those people and the same with contacts of contacts, if necessary. That approach is how public health departments and healthcare providers, working with the CDC, are handling the cases here in the United States, and I am very grateful the hard work that they are all doing together.
This kind of work, coupled with studies and analysis, is also how we answer the questions I described earlier. On January 6 we offered to send a CDC team to China that could assist with these public health efforts. I reiterated that offer when I spoke to China’s Minister of health on Monday, and it was reiterated again via the World Health Organization’s leadership today in Beijing. We are urging China; more cooperation and transparency are the most important steps you can take toward a more effective response.
Beyond that, all options for dealing with infectious disease spread have to be on the table, including travel restrictions. But diseases are not terribly good at respecting borders, so we would have to assess carefully whether the evidence recommends any steps beyond the thoroughly tested methods I just described.
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The president and I have been speaking regularly about this outbreak, and I have been speaking with the senior officials at HHS and the White House multiple times each day since the outbreak began to represent an international threat. The president is highly engaged in this response and closely monitoring the work we’re doing to keep Americans safe.
REDFIELD: Thank you, Mr. Secretary, and thank all of you for joining us here today as we discuss the latest developments that are involved in this situation. It is a rapidly changing situation in the United States and throughout the global community. Right now we know of 18 international locations that have identified cases of this new virus, including the United States. To better protect the health of the American public during the emergence of this novel coronavirus, and based on the evolving situation information from China, CDC has reassessed its entry strategy and decided to expand to screening travelers from the five airports originally to 20 airports in the United States.
It’s currently the lu season, and respiratory disease season, and there’s a lot of respiratory disease out in our nation. We recommend washing of the hands, covering your mouth when you cough, staying at home if you’re sick. For healthcare providers, we ask them to be on the lookout for people with a travel history from China, especially Hubei Province, if they develop fever and respiratory symptoms. And if you’re a healthcare provider that’s caring for a confirmed patient, we ask you to follow the recommended infection control procedures.
For all people that may have this infection, we ask you to follow the CDC guidance in how to reduce the risk of spreading your illness to others. And for people who may have had close contact with someone who is a confirmed patient, we ask them also to follow that guidance and if you have symptoms, to contact your healthcare provider.
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FAUCI: I’m going to give you a brief snapshot of the countermeasures in the form of diagnostics and therapeutics and vaccines that are being investigated and pursued by the NIH, by our grantees contractors, and by our collaborators in industry. First, with regard to diagnosis diagnostics, the CDC has rapidly developed at diagnostic based on the published sequence of the virus. The NIH, together with the CDC, will be working on next generation diagnostics that are more point-of-care so that we can get them more distributed to people throughout the country in the world.
Next is therapeutics. There is no proven therapy for coronavirus infection. Yet, there are now ongoing studies that have been initiated with the previous experience we had with SARS and with MERS. For example, back then and between those outbreaks and the current one, that number of antiviral drugs have been tested in vitro and some animal models and even in the field anecdotally with historic controls. One of them is the antiviral Remdesivir, which some of you may remember was used as one of the elements and the clinical trial against Ebola. And the other one that is now being used on a compassionate basis by some in China is KALETRA, which is a combination of two antiretroviral drugs.
Again, I must emphasize there’s no proven efficacy of these, but they are being pursued together with the screening of a number of other agents. I might point out that is why it is so important that we get isolates of the virus, which we will soon have both particularly from the individuals in this country who have now been infected, the ive individuals that you’ve heard of.
…
And then finally, and most importantly, vaccines. We have already started at the NIH and with many of our collaborators on the developing of a vaccine…
When the Chinese isolated the virus, they put on a public database that sequence. Given the technology of the 21st century, we were able to use that sequence, pull out the gene for the glycoproteins spike of the particular coronavirus and make that the immunogenicity to be used in a vaccine. Right now, that’s being prepared. I anticipate with some cautious act optimism that we will be in a phase 1 trial within the next three months.
I want to emphasize because it’s sometimes confused, going into a phase 1 trial does not mean that you have a vaccine that’s ready for deployment. It will take three months to get into the trial, three months to get safety and immunogenicity data, and then you move into phase 2. What we do from that point on will be determined by what has happened with the outbreak over those months. Remember, we made a phase 1 trial with SARS and we never had to use the vaccine. But nonetheless, we are proceeding as if we will have to deploy a vaccine.
In other words, we’re looking at the worst scenario that this becomes a bigger outbreak. So in summary, there are three types of interventions that we’re working on. Diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines, then we will keep you posted as we make progress in each of these. Thank you.
QUESTION: Thank you. Robert Delaney (SP) with the South China Morning Post. I just wanted to follow up on media reports that the White House is considering travel restrictions from China to the U.S. And the other question I had was about the offer to–for the CDC team to– to support a solution by working with the health authorities in China. Can you give us more information about what the response from China has been to that and who has been involved in that interaction? Thank you.
AZAR: -in terms of travel restrictions… it’s important to not take anything off the table with a rapidly emerging novel infectious disease. We will be constantly assessing the appropriate public health measures to be taken based on that science, evidence, and epidemiology that we learn, including some important information… that we hope to learn by working on the ground in China as quickly as possible so we can see raw data, raw evidence, and help design the types of studies and analytics that really are needed.
… the offer that we have made, which we do hope that the Chinese government will take us up on that CDC experts are standing by, ready, willing, able to go immediately to China either on a bilateral basis or under the auspices of the world health organization. So I have been directly engaged in those discussions with Minister Ma, the Chinese Minister of health, as well as with the Director General Tedros of the World Health Organization, and he had– Director General Tedros just add meetings this morning in China, so what would be Tuesday morning in China with senior most officials.
I found my interactions with the Chinese government to be very productive and cooperative and I am hopeful that will have a positive resolution and be able to deploy, especially under the auspices of the World Health Organization.
REDFIELD: Currently we do have a CDC office in China that’s embedded in the China CDC. We would add our personal there to help them really define the epidemiology and answer some of the critical questions that were asked about asymptomatic transmission, for example in particular and what is the incubation period since there’s been such a wide range. We also can assist them to begin to understand really the spectrum of infection.
We’ve developed a diagnostic test that we can use to actually tell after the fact when somebody hit has actually recovered were they actually infected or not. So this is the critical thing we do. We augment laboratory support, but most importantly, we augment the epidemiology capacity to answer these critical questions that are so necessary to understand for future public health action.
…
AZAR: with regard to the light of individuals who are connected to that U.S. Embassy consulate in Wuhan returning with family members, we will be heavily engaged with that light and the transport of those individuals. Will be screened, evaluated constantly. There will be physicians on the light and we’ll take whatever the appropriate evidence-based public health measures are with them as we would in any other situation. So will–that will all be dependent on what we learn as we screen, speak to people as we do the type of evaluation, we would do in any type of infectious disease contact tracing type activity. |
国务卿安东尼·布林肯和气候问题总统特使约翰·克里将出席气候问题领导人峰会
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2021年4月21日
新闻公告
国务卿安东尼·布林肯（Antony J. Blinken）和气候问题总统特使约翰·克里（John Kerry）将与总统乔·拜登（Joe Biden）、副总统卡玛拉·哈里斯（Kamala Harris）和美国多名内阁部长及民营部门和公民社会领导人共同出席气候问题领导人峰会（Leaders Summit on Climate）。拜登总统将欢迎世界各地领导人参加讨论，强调迫切需要降低温室气体排放和帮助弱势国家应对不可避免的气候影响以及气候行动的经济效益等问题。这次峰会将提供现场转播，使世界各地的公民都可以观看并听取领导人阐述各国如何加强在气候问题上进行的努力。
这次峰会将在美国东部夏令时间4月22日和23日两天上午8:00开始，通过www.state.gov/climatesummit现场转播。峰会的具体日程见以上链接。
此外，美国很高兴按HD/SDI 1080i标准，通过DCI (主路径， 拨号202-470-5151致电DCI，或向[email protected]发送电子邮件协调传送方案) 和Verizon Washington D.C. DOS AVOC Switch的替代主传输路径，提供免费广播级质量的“清洁”传输内容（不插播图形和叠加图文）。这是专为这次峰会提供的特别临时通道，不同于正常默认的DOS Press Briefing circuit [会议通道（Event circuit）: 5:0356/Source ID: HD 552810;依国务院其他内容的传送要求而定，此处的特殊传输可被中断)]。请注意，分组讨论的转播只通过DCI传送。注意同声传译频道的序号为: 1. 英语左; 2. 英语右; 3. 阿拉伯语; 4. 法语; 5. 汉语普通话; 6. 俄罗斯语; 7. 西班牙语; 8. 会议厅 (无口译音频)。
如无法接收电子传送， 也可通过欧洲电视网美洲台（Eurovision Americas）、美联社GMS （Associated Press GMS）和路透社电视（Reuters Television）等全球广播网络以计价方式收看。
每天会议结束时，每次会议具有网络级质量的短片将在资源允许的情况下给予刊登和处理。可下载的高分辨率文件将以链接的方式刊登在峰会主页上。美国还将通过国防部视频与影像发送系统（Defense Video and Imagery Distribution System） (DVIDS)选登某些节目的免费视频短片: www.dvidshub.net/unit/USDOS
欲了解更多的详情，请访问www.state.gov/climatesummit or contact [email protected] | Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken and Special Presidential Envoy for Climate John Kerry to Participate in the Leaders Summit on Climate
NOTICE TO THE PRESS
OFFICE OF THE SPOKESPERSON
APRIL 21, 2021
Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Special Presidential Envoy for Climate John Kerry will join President Joe Biden, Vice President Kamala Harris, and several U.S. cabinet secretaries and private sector and civil society leaders at the Leaders Summit on Climate. President Biden will host leaders from around the world in discussions highlighting the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help vulnerable countries cope with unavoidable climate impacts, as well as the economic benefits of climate action. The Summit will be live-streamed so citizens around the world can watch and hear leaders outline how their countries are ramping up their climate efforts.
On April 22 and 23, the Summit will begin at 8:00 a.m. EDT. It will be live-streamed on www.state.gov/climatesummit. The Summit schedule will be posted to this link.
Additionally, the United States is pleased to provide complimentary broadcast-quality “clean” feeds (no graphics/chyrons) in HD/SDI 1080i standard through DCI (primary path, call DCI at 202-470-5151 or email [email protected] to coordinate delivery) and an alternate primary feed through the Verizon Washington D.C. DOS AVOC Switch. This is a special, ad-hoc circuit for the Summit event and different from the normal default DOS Press Briefing circuit (Event circuit: 5:0356/Source ID: HD 552810; this particular feed is interruptible, based on other State Department content traffic requirement). Please note that concurrent panels will only be carried at DCI. Note that simultaneous interpretation channel sequence will be: 1. English Left; 2. English Right; 3. Arabic; 4. French; 5. Mandarin; 6. Russian; 7. Spanish; 8. Floor (non-interpreted audio).
For those without teleport access, this broadcast feed can also be accessed on a cost-basis through global broadcasters Eurovision Americas, Associated Press GMS and Reuters Television.
At the conclusion of each day, web-quality clips of each session will be posted and processed as resources permit. Downloadable high-resolution files will be posted to a link provided on the main Summit webpage. The United States will also post complimentary video clips of selected programing through the Defense Video and Imagery Distribution System (DVIDS): www.dvidshub.net/unit/USDOS .
For information, please visit www.state.gov/climatesummit or contact [email protected]. |
东厅
美国东部夏令时间下午2:09
总统：下午好。今天早些时候，我听取了高级军事人员和国家安全事务领导人就美军和盟军撤出阿富汗的现状提出的简报。
我在4月份宣布我们撤军一事时曾表示，我们将在9月前完成撤军，目前我们正按部就班实现这个目标。
我们在阿富汗的军事使命将于8月31日终止。撤军工作正安全有序地进行，以我们的军队在撤出过程中的安全为重。
我们的军事指挥员对我提出建议，一旦我做出结束这场战争的决定，我们必须迅速实施撤军的主体部分。在这种情况下，速度就意味着安全。
由于我们为我们撤军采取的管理方式，没有任何人员——没有任何美军人员或任何其他军队的人员——遭到损失。采取不同的方式进行我们的撤军工作必然会使我方人员的安全面临越来越大的危险。
对我来说，这些危险不可接受。我们的军队能够以最高的专业水平有效地完成这项任务，这一点从来没有任何疑问。这是他们的工作。我们的北约（NATO）盟国和伙伴也同样如此。他们支持了——在他们撤出之际，我们正在提供支持，也得到他们的支持。
我必须明确指出：美军在阿富汗的使命将持续到8月底。我们仍然——我们在该国保留有关人员和能力，我们维持某些授权——请原谅，与我们一段时间以来一贯遵行的同样的授权。
正如我在4月份所说的，美国完成了我们前往阿富汗需要完成的工作：追剿9/11袭击我们的恐怖主义分子，将奥萨马·本·拉登（Osama Bin Laden）绳之以法，同时降低了恐怖主义威胁，使阿富汗不再成为可能继续对美国发动袭击的基地。我们实现了这些目标。这就是当初我们出兵的原因。
我们前往阿富汗不是为了建设国家。这是阿富汗人民本身的权利和责任，应自行决定自身的未来和如何管理自己的国家。
我们与我们的北约盟国和伙伴共同为阿富汗国家安全部队（Afghan National Security Force）近300,000名现役军事人员和其他众多现已退役的人员提供了训练和装备。此外，20多年来另有成千上万阿富汗国防和安全部队（Afghan National Defense and Security Forces）的人员接受了训练。
我们为我们的阿富汗伙伴提供了所有的条件——我需要强调：任何现代军队需要的所有条件、训练和设备。我们提供了先进的武器。我们将继续提供资金和设备。我们将确保他们有能力维持他们的空军。
但最关键的是，正如我2星期前会见加尼（Ghani）总统和阿卜杜拉（Abdullah）主席时所强调的，阿富汗领导人必须团结一致，致力于实现阿富汗人民希望和应该得到的未来。
在我们会谈期间，我还向加尼保证美国对阿富汗人民的支援持久不变。我们将继续提供民用和人道主义援助，包括为妇女和女孩的权利大声疾呼。
我希望维持我们在阿富汗的外交存在。我们正与我们的国际伙伴密切协调，继续保障国际机场的安全。
我们将采取坚定的外交立场争取和平，通过达成和平协议结束这场毫无意义的暴力。
我已要求国务卿布林肯（Blinken）和我们的阿富汗和解事务特别代表（Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation）与阿富汗各方以及地区和国际利益相关方共同积极努力，支持通过谈判达成解决方案。
需要明确的是——需要明确的是：该地区各国都可以为支持和平解决方案发挥重要作用。我们将与他们共同努力。他们也应该尽力加强他们的努力。
我们将继续为被拘押的美方人员获释而努力，其中包括马克（Mark）——请原谅—— 弗雷（Fre）——弗雷里西斯（Frerichs）——我想以正确的发音读这个名字；我念错——我的口误——使他能够安全回家。
我们还将继续确保我们能携带与美军一起工作的阿富汗公民一起撤走，包括口译和笔译人员——因为此后我们在当地不再保持驻军；我们不再需要他们，而他们没有工作——他们对我们的工作将同样十分重要，从而他们——他们始终十分重要——使他们的家人也不再面临危险。
为了他们能以特殊移民签证（Special Immigrant Visas）入境美国，我们已大大加快了办理手续的速度。
自我于1月20日就职以来，我们已经签发了2,500份入境美国的特殊移民签证。到目前为止，有一半不到的人员已行使自己的权利这样做。有一半的人已经登上飞机来到——乘商业航班前来。另有一半的人员表示希望留下来——至少目前如此。
我们正与国会（Congress）密切合作，要求改变授权的立法，使我们能简化批准这类签证的手续。对于在美国军事使命结束前为支持这次行动被转移的数千名阿富汗人及其家人，如果他们愿意，可以安全地在阿富汗境外等候他们入境美国的签证得到批准。
这次行动已确定美国大陆以外的一些美国设施及在第三国的设施接纳我们的阿富汗盟友，如果他们有此意愿。另外，从这个月起，我们将开始为愿意离开的阿富汗特殊移民签证申请人及其家人重新安排航班。
我们已为白宫和以国务院为首的专项小组指定一名联系人负责协调所有的相关事务
但是我们向所有这些男女人员发出的明确信息是：你们如果愿意，美国就有你们的家。我们将像你们支持我们一样支持你们。
当我决定结束美国在阿富汗的军事参与时，我的判断是，继续无限期地打这场战争不符合美利坚合众国的国家利益。我以清醒的眼光作出这一决定 ，我每天听取战场最新情况通报。
但是，对那些认为我们应该再驻留6个月或者一年的人，我请他们思考一下近期的历史。
2011年，北约盟国及伙伴同意，我们将在2014年结束作战使命。2014年，一些人提出“再延一年”。所以我们继续作战，我们继续遭受伤亡。2015年，还是照旧。于是一年又一年。
将近20年的经历向我们显示，当前的安全状况只能证明，把在阿富汗的战斗“再延一年”不是解决办法，它将导致在那里无限期地待下去。
应该由阿富汗人来决定他们国家的未来。
其他一些人更直截了当。他们说，我们应该留在阿富汗——无限期地待在阿富汗。他们指着一个事实说，我们——我们在过去一年里没有损失，所以他们称，仅仅维持现状的代价微乎其微。
但是，这忽视了在我上任时已经存在的现实和阿富汗当地的事实：塔利班（Taliban）那时拥有它最强大——它现在拥有自2001年以来最强大的军事实力。
美军在阿富汗的人数减少到了最低限度。美国，在上届政府时期，与塔利班达成协议，在过去——在今年5月1日前撤出我们的所有部队。这是我接任时的情况。那项协议是塔利班停止对美国部队发起重大攻击的原因。
如果，在4月份我宣布的是美国将退出上届政府的那项协议——也就是美国和盟国部队将在可预见的未来继续留在阿富汗，那么塔利班是会重新向我们的部队开攻的。
维持现状不是一个选择。驻留意味着美国部队的伤亡；美国男女人员重新回到一场内战中。我们有可能必须把更多部队派回阿富汗去保护我们的留守部队。
一旦我们与塔利班订立了那个协议，就不再可能靠微乎其微的兵力驻留。
所以，让我问那些希望我们驻留的人：你们愿意让更多的多少人——更多的多少千美国儿女去冒险？你们要让他们待多久？
我们军队中已经有一些人的父母20年前去阿富汗作过战。你们还要把他们的孩子和孙子也送去吗？你们会把自己的儿子或女儿送去吗？
20年过后——为培训和装备几十万阿富汗国家安全和国防部队（National Security and Defense Forces）投入了一万亿美元，有2,448名美国人丧生，20,722人受伤，还有不为人知的数千人带着无形的精神创伤返回家园——我不会在没有理由期待可以取得不同结果的情况下，把又一代美国人送往阿富汗作战。
美国不能继续把自己栓在针对20年前的世界作出反应的政策上。我们需要面对今天存在的威胁。
今天，恐怖主义的威胁已经扩散到阿富汗以外。因此，我们将重新部署我们的资源，调整我们的反恐态势，在威胁更加严重得多的地方应对它们：在南亚、中东和非洲。
但是，不要误解：我们的军事和情报领导人坚信，他们有能力防止任何在阿富汗抬头或来源于阿富汗的恐怖主义卷土重来的挑战，保护国土和我们的利益。
我们正在发展打击恐怖主义的远程能力，使我们能够将视线牢牢盯住该地区对美国的任何直接威胁，并在必要时采取迅速和果断的行动。
我们还需要集中加强美国的核心实力，迎接与中国和其他国家的战略竞争，这确实对我们的未来有决定意义。
我们必须在国内和全球战胜COVID-19疫情，确保我们为应对下一次疫情或生物威胁作好准备。
我们需要建立针对网络空间和使用新兴技术的国际准则。
我们需要协同行动，同气候变化带来的生存威胁作斗争。
从长远来说，如果我们是为今后20年而不是为过去20年而战，我们将对我们的对手和竞争者更具有威力。
最后，我要肯定美国军事人员和文职人员在过去20年里与我们的盟国和伙伴一道在阿富汗作出的巨大牺牲和奉献。
我要对他们的重大成就和他们承受的巨大个人风险以及他们家庭付出的巨大代价表示敬意：在地球上一些最恶劣的环境中——我到过那个国家的几乎所有地方——追踪恐怖主义威胁；过去20年来确保国土未再受到来自阿富汗的攻击；消灭了本·拉登。
我要感谢你们所有人对这一使命的服务和奉献，你们这么多人作出了这种付出，并且感谢你们和你们的家人在这场长期战争中作出的牺牲。
我们永远不会忘记那些在阿富汗为国贡献出全部生命的人，也不会忘记那些因在为国效劳时受伤而承受生活重大改变的人。
我们即将结束美国历时最久的战争，但是我们将永远，永远向参战的勇敢的美国爱国者致敬。
愿上帝保佑各位，愿上帝护佑我们的部队。谢谢。
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/08/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-drawdown-of-u-s-forces-in-afghanistan/ | East Room
2:09 P.M. EDT
THE PRESIDENT: Good afternoon. Earlier today, I was briefed by our senior military and national security leaders on the status of the drawdown of U.S. forces and allied forces in Afghanistan.
When I announced our drawdown in April, I said we would be out by September, and we’re on track to meet that target.
Our military mission in Afghanistan will conclude on August 31st. The drawdown is proceeding in a secure and orderly way, prioritizing the safety of our troops as they depart.
Our military commanders advised me that once I made the decision to end the war, we needed to move swiftly to conduct the main elements of the drawdown. And in this context, speed is safety.
And thanks to the way in which we have managed our withdrawal, no one — no one U.S. forces or any forces have — have been lost. Conducting our drawdown differently would have certainly come with a increased risk of safety to our personnel.
To me, those risks were unacceptable. And there was never any doubt that our military would perform this task efficiently and with the highest level of professionalism. That’s what they do. And the same is true of our NATO Allies and partners who have supported — we are supporting, and supporting us as well, as they conclude their retrograde.
I want to be clear: The U.S. military mission in Afghanistan continues through the end of August. We remain — we retain personnel and capacities in the country, and we maintain some authority — excuse me, the same authority under which we’ve been operating for some time.
As I said in April, the United States did what we went to do in Afghanistan: to get the terrorists who attacked us on 9/11 and to deliver justice to Osama Bin Laden, and to degrade the terrorist threat to keep Afghanistan from becoming a base from which attacks could be continued against the United States. We achieved those objectives. That’s why we went.
We did not go to Afghanistan to nation-build. And it’s the right and the responsibility of the Afghan people alone to decide their future and how they want to run their country.
Together, with our NATO Allies and partners, we have trained and equipped over three hu- — nearly 300,000 current serving members of the military — of the Afghan National Security Force, and many beyond that who are no longer serving. Add to that, hundreds of thousands more Afghan National Defense and Security Forces trained over the last two decades.
We provided our Afghan partners with all the tools — let me emphasize: all the tools, training, and equipment of any modern military. We provided advanced weaponry. And we’re going to continue to provide funding and equipment. And we’ll ensure they have the capacity to maintain their air force.
But most critically, as I stressed in my meeting just two weeks ago with President Ghani and Chairman Abdullah, Afghan leaders have to come together and drive toward a future that the Afghan people want and they deserve.
In our meeting, I also assured Ghani that U.S. support for the people of Afghanistan will endure. We will continue to provide civilian and humanitarian assistance, including speaking out for the rights of women and girls.
I intend to maintain our diplomatic presedence [presence] in Afghanistan, and we are coordinating closely with our international partners in order to continue to secure the international airport.
And we’re going to engage in a determined diplomacy to pursue peace and a peace agreement that will end this senseless violence.
I’ve asked Secretary of State Blinken and our Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation to work vigorously with the parties in Afghanistan, as well as the regional and international stakeholders to support a negotiated solution.
To be clear — to be clear: Countries in the region have an essential role to play in supporting a peaceful settlement. We’ll work with them, and they should help step up their efforts as well.
We’re going to continue to work for the release of detained Americans, including Mark — excuse me — Fre– Frerichs — I want to pronounce the name correctly; I mis- — I misspoke — so that he can return to his family safely.
We’re also going to continue to make sure that we take on the Afghan nationals who work side-by-side with U.S. forces, including interpreters and translators — since we’re no longer going to have military there after this; we’re not going to need them and they have no jobs — who are also going to be vital to our efforts so they — and they’ve been very vital — and so their families are not exposed to danger as well.
We’ve already dramatically accelerated the procedure time for Special Immigrant Visas to bring them to the United States.
Since I was inaugurated on January 20th, we’ve already approved 2,500 Special Immigrant Visas to come to the United States. Up to now, fewer than half have exercised their right to do that. Half have gotten on aircraft and com — commercial flights and come, and the other half believe they want to stay — at least thus far.
We’re working closely with Congress to change the authorization legislation so that we can streamline the process of approving those visas. And those who have stood up for the operation to physically relocate thousands of Afghans and their families before the U.S. military mission concludes so that, if they choose, they can wait safely outside of Afghanistan while their U.S. visas are being processed.
The operation has identified U.S. facilities outside of the continental United States, as well as in third countries, to host our Afghan allies, if they ch- — if they so choose. And, starting this month, we’re going to begin to re- — re- — reloc- — we’re going to begin relocation flights for Afghanistan SIV applicants and their families who choose to leave.
We have a point person in the White House and at the State Department-led task force coordinating all these efforts.
But our message to those women and men is clear: There is a home for you in the United States if you so choose, and we will stand with you just as you stood with us.
When I made the decision to end the U.S. military involvement in Afghanistan, I judged that it was not in the national interest of the United States of America to continue fighting this war indefinitely. I made the decision with clear eyes, and I am briefed daily on the battlefield updates.
But for those who have argued that we should stay just six more months or just one more year, I ask them to consider the lessons of recent history.
In 2011, the NATO Allies and partners agreed that we would end our combat mission in 2014. In 2014, some argued, “One more year.” So we kept fighting, and we kept taking casualties. In 2015, the same. And on and on.
Nearly 20 years of experience has shown us that the current security situation only confirms that “just one more year” of fighting in Afghanistan is not a solution but a recipe for being there indefinitely.
It’s up to Afghans to make the decision about the future of their country.
Others are more direct. Their argument is that we should stay with the Afghan — in Afghanistan indefinitely. In doing so, they point to the fact that we — we have not taken losses in this last year, so they claim that the cost of just maintaining the status quo is minimal.
But that ignores the reality and the facts that already presented on the ground in Afghanistan when I took office: The Taliban was at its strongest mil- — is at its strongest militarily since 2001.
The number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan had been reduced to a bare minimum. And the United States, in the last administration, made an agreement that the — with the Taliban to remove all our forces by May 1 of this past — of this year. That’s what I inherited. That agreement was the reason the Taliban had ceased major attacks against U.S. forces.
If, in April, I had instead announced that the United States was going to back — going back on that agreement made by the last administration — [that] the United States and allied forces would remain in Afghanistan for the foreseeable future — the Taliban would have again begun to target our forces.
The status quo was not an option. Staying would have meant
U.S. troops taking casualties; American men and women back in the middle of a civil war. And we would have run the risk of having to send more troops back into Afghanistan to defend our remaining troops.
Once that agreement with the Taliban had been made, staying with a bare minimum force was no longer possible.
So let me ask those who wanted us to stay: How many more — how many thousands more of America’s daughters and sons are you willing to risk? How long would you have them stay?
Already we have members of our military whose parents fought in Afghanistan 20 years ago. Would you send their children and their grandchildren as well? Would you send your own son or daughter?
After 20 years — a trillion dollars spent training and equipping hundreds of thousands of Afghan National Security and Defense Forces, 2,448 Americans killed, 20,722 more wounded, and untold thousands coming home with unseen trauma to their mental health — I will not send another generation of Americans to war in Afghanistan with no reasonable expectation of achieving a different outcome.
The United States cannot afford to remain tethered to policies creating a response to a world as it was 20 years ago. We need to meet the threats where they are today.
Today, the terrorist threat has metastasized beyond Afghanistan. So, we are repositioning our resources and adapting our counterterrorism posture to meet the threats where they are now significantly higher: in South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.
But make no mistake: Our military and intelligence leaders are confident they have the capabilities to protect the homeland and our interests from any resurgent terrorist challenge emerging or emanating from Afghanistan.
We are developing a counterterrorism over-the-horizon capability that will allow us to keep our eyes firmly fixed on any direct threats to the United States in the region, and act quickly and decisively if needed.
And we also need to focus on shoring up America’s core strengths to meet the strategic competition with China and other nations that is really going to determine — determine our future.
We have to defeat COVID-19 at home and around the world, make sure we’re better prepared for the next pandemic or biological threat.
We need to establish international norms for cyberspace and the use of emergenc- — emerging technologies.
We need to take concerted action to fight existential threats of climate change.
And we will be more formidable to our adversaries and competitors over the long run if we fight the battles of the next 20 years, not the last 20 years.
Finally, I want to recognize the incredible sacrifice and dedication that the U.S. military and civilian personnel, serving alongside our Allies and partners, have made over the last two decades in Afghanistan.
I want to honor the significance of what they’ve accomplished and the great personal risk they encountered and the incredible cost to their families: pursuing the terrorist threat in some of the most unforgiving terrain on the planet — and I’ve been almost throughout that entire country; ensuring there hasn’t been another attack on the homeland from Afghanistan for the last 20 years; taking out Bin Laden.
I want to thank you all for your service and the dedication to the mission so many of you have given, and to the sacrifices that you and your families have made over the long course of this war.
We’ll never forget those who gave the last full measure of devotion for their country in Afghanistan, nor those whose lives have been immeasurably altered by wounds sustained in service to their country.
We’re ending America’s longest war, but we’ll always, always honor the bravery of the American patriots who served in it.
May God bless you all, and may God protect our troops. Thank you.
Q Mr. President — do you trust the Taliban, Mr. President?
Q Is a Taliban takeover of Afghanistan now inevitable?
THE PRESIDENT: No, it is not.
Q Why?
THE PRESIDENT: Because you — the Afghan troops have 300,000 well-equipped — as well-equipped as any army in the world — and an air force against something like 75,000 Taliban. It is not inevitable.
Q Do you trust the Taliban, Mr. President? Do you trust the Taliban, sir?
THE PRESIDENT: You — is that a serious question?
Q It is absolutely a serious question. Do you trust the Taliban?
THE PRESIDENT: No, I do not.
Q Do you trust handing over the country to the Taliban?
THE PRESIDENT: No, I do not trust the Taliban.
Q So why are you handing the country over?
Q Mr. President, is the U.S. responsible for the deaths of Afghans after you leave the country?
Q Mr. President, will you amplify that question, please? Will you amplify your answer, please — why you don’t trust the Taliban?
THE PRESIDENT: It’s a — it’s a silly question. Do I trust the Taliban? No. But I trust the capacity of the Afghan military, who is better trained, better equipped, and more re- — more competent in terms of conducting war.
Yes, ma’am.
Q Thank you, Mr. President. Given the amount of money that has been spent and the number of lives that have been lost, in your view, with making this decision, were the last 20 years worth it?
THE PRESIDENT: You know my record. I can tell by the way you asked the question.
I opposed permanently having American forces in Afghanistan. I argued, from the beginning, as you may recall — it came to light after the administration was over, last — our administration — no nation has ever unified Afghanistan. No nation. Empires have gone there and not done it.
The focus we had — and I strongly support it — and you may remember I physically went to Afghanistan. I was up in that pass where Osama bin Laden was — allegedly escaped or — out of harm’s way.
We went for two reasons: one, to bring Osama bin Laden to the gates of hell, as I said at the time. The second reason was to eliminate al Qaeda’s capacity to deal with more attacks on the United States from that territory. We accomplished both of those objectives — period.
That’s what I believed, from the beginning, why we should be and why we should have gone to Afghanistan. That job had been over for some time. And that’s why I believe that this is the right decision and, quite frankly, overdue.
Q Mr. President, has the civilian government hailed the people of Afghanistan?
Q Mr. President, thank you very much. Your own intelligence community has assessed that the Afghan government will likely collapse.
THE PRESIDENT: That is not true.
Q Is it — can you please clarify what they have told you about whether that will happen or not?
THE PRESIDENT: That is not true. They did not — they didn’t — did not reach that conclusion.
Q So what is the level of confidence that they have that it will not collapse?
THE PRESIDENT: The Afghan government and leadership has to come together. They clearly have the capacity to sustain the government in place. The question is: Will they generate the kind of cohesion to do it? It’s not a question of whether they have the capacity. They have the capacity. They have the forces. They have the equipment. The question is: Will they do it?
And I want to make clear what I made clear to Ghani: that we are not going just sus- — walk away and not sustain their ability to maintain that force. We are. We’re going to also work to make sure we help them in terms of everything from food necessities and other things in — in the region. But — but, there’s not a conclusion that, in fact, they cannot defeat the Taliban.
I believe the only way there’s going to be — this is now Joe Biden, not the intelligence community — the only way there’s ultimately going to be peace and security in Afghanistan is that they work out a modus vivendi with the Taliban and they make a judgment as to how they can make peace.
And the likelihood there’s going to be one unified government in Afghanistan controlling the whole country is highly unlikely.
Q Mr. President, thank you. But we have talked to your own top general in Afghanistan, General Scott Miller. He told ABC News the conditions are so concerning at this point that it could result in a civil war. So, if Kabul falls to the Taliban, what will the United States do about it?
THE PRESIDENT: Look, you’ve said two things — one, that if it could result in a civil war — that’s different than the Taliban succeeding, number one. Number two, the question of what will be done is going to be implicated — is going to implicate the entire region as well. There’s a number of countries who have a grave concern about what’s going to happen in Afghanistan relative to their security.
The question is: How much of a threat to the United States of America and to our allies is whatever results in terms of a government or an agreement? That’s when that judgement will be made.
Q Mr. President, some Vietnamese veterans see echoes of their experience in this withdrawal in Afghanistan. Do you see any parallels between this withdrawal and what happened in Vietnam, with some people feeling —
THE PRESIDENT: None whatsoever. Zero. What you had is — you had entire brigades breaking through the gates of our embassy — six, if I’m not mistaken.
The Taliban is not the south — the North Vietnamese army. They’re not — they’re not remotely comparable in terms of capability. There’s going to be no circumstance where you see people being lifted off the roof of a embassy in the — of the United States from Afghanistan. It is not at all comparable.
Q And, Mr. President —
Q Mr. President, can I —
THE PRESIDENT: I’ll take him and then I’ll — and then I’ll go — I’ll go to the other side. Hang on a second.
Q Mr. President, how serious was the corruption among the Afghanistan government to this mission failing there?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, first of all, the mission hasn’t failed, yet. There is in Afghanistan — in all parties, there’s been corruption. The question is, can there be an agreement on unity of purpose? What is the objective?
For example, it started off — there were going to be negotiations between the Taliban and the Afghan National Security Forces and the Afghan government. That — that of — it didn’t come to — it didn’t come to fruition.
So the question now is, where do they go from here? That — the jury is still out. But the likelihood there’s going to be the Taliban overrunning everything and owning the whole country is highly unlikely.
Yes, ma’am.
Q Mr. President, will the United States be responsible for the loss of Afghan civilian lives that could happen after a —
THE PRESIDENT: No.
Q — military exit?
THE PRESIDENT: No, no, no. It’s up to the people of Afghanistan to decide on what government they want, not us to impose the government on them. No country has ever been able to do that.
Keep in mind, as a student of history, as I’m sure you are, never has Afghanistan been a united country, not in all of its history. Not in all of its history.
Q Mr. President, if this isn’t a “mission accomplished” moment, what is it, in your view?
THE PRESIDENT: No, there’s no “mission accomplished.”
Q How would you describe it?
THE PRESIDENT: The mission was accomplished in that we get — got Osama bin Laden, and terrorism is not emanating from that part of the world.
Q Mr. President, if “speed is safety,” as you just said in your remarks, are you satisfied with the timeline of relocating Afghan nationals? Is it happening quickly enough to your satisfaction, if it may not happen until next month, at the end?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, much of it has already happened. There’s already been people — about a thousand people have gotten on aircraft and come home — come to the United States already on commercial aircraft. So, as I said, there’s over 2,500 people that as — from January to now, have gotten those visas. And only half decided that they wanted to leave.
The point is that I think the whole process has to be speeded up, period, in terms of being able to get these visas.
Q Why can’t the U.S. evacuate these Afghan translators to the United States to await their visa processing as some immigrants at the southern border have been allowed to do?
THE PRESIDENT: Because the law doesn’t allow that to happen. And that’s why we’re asking the Congress to consider changing the law.
But in the meantime, we can guarantee their safety, if they wish to leave, by taking them to third countries and/or, while the wait is taking place, to come to — to — and hopefully, while they’re waiting there, to be able to bring them back to the United States, if that’s what they choose to do.
Q And what do you make — and what do you make, sir, of the Taliban being in Russia today?
Q Mr. President, I’m from Afghanistan. I am Afghan (inaudible) woman. Any message — good message for Afghan women in future? Because they have achievement — they are really concerned about their achievement.
THE PRESIDENT: They are very concerned, with good reason.
Q Yes.
THE PRESIDENT: When I was in Afghanistan — I’ve been there a number of times — I remember being in a school outside and — and, by the way, the schools in Afghanistan are not fundamentally unlike schools in the West Coast, where they have, you know, a — an area in the middle that is sort of like — it looks like a playground and single-story buildings connected around it.
And I remember saying to — speaking to a group of young women — I guess they were roughly — don’t hold me to this — they look like they’d be 14, 15 years old. And they’re in school, and there’s a tiered classroom with single light bulbs hanging from the ceiling, as I know you know.
And I said, “You know, the United States came here to make sure that we got this terrorist, Osama bin Laden, and that terrorists didn’t amass again to — to go after our country. And then we’re going to have to leave.” And a young woman said, “You can’t leave. You can’t leave.” It was — it was heartbreaking. “You can’t leave,” she said. “I want to be a doctor. I want to be a doctor. I want to be a doctor. If you leave, I’ll never be able to be a doctor.” Well, that’s why we spent so much time and money training the Afghan Security Forces to do the work of defending that. If every work —
Well, anyway — so, yes, I’m aware.
I’m going to take one more question.
Q Mr. President, have you spoken with any Taliban officials about the withdrawal?
Q (Inaudible) the Taliban being in Russia today — the Taliban —
Q Mr. — Mr. President, I — thank you. I wanted to ask: With the benefit of hindsight, you’ve spoken to the fact that the Taliban are sort of at their militarily strongest point that you’ve seen in 20 years. How do you feel personally about that, with the benefit of hindsight and all of the dollars and investments and American troops that were sent there?
THE PRESIDENT: Relative to the training and capacity of the ANSF and the training of the federal police, they’re not even close in terms of their capacity.
I was making the point — the point was that here we were; I was — the argument is, “Well, we could stay because no one was dying. No Americans are being shot. So why leave?” Once the agreement was made by the last administration that we were going to leave by May 1st, it was very clear that a Taliban that had always been a problem was even a more sophisticated problem than they were than before. Not more sophisticated than the ANSF, the government. More than they were.
The point being that it would have increased the prospect that they would have been able to take more lives of Americans if they decided we weren’t going to go after them. That was the point I was making.
Thank you all so very much. Thank you.
2:34 P.M. EDT |
2022年度各国人权报告(英文)
美国国务院
发言人办公室
2023年3月20日
安东尼·布林肯国务卿就2022年度各国人权报告发表讲话
新闻发布厅
布林肯国务卿：韦丹（Vedant），谢谢你。各位上午好。
让我先谈谈今天早上的一些非常好的消息，那就是杰弗里·伍德克（Jeffrey Woodke）在被囚禁六年多之后获释。我要感谢我上周刚刚访问过的尼日尔政府，感谢它提供的重要协助，让他能够回国。我还要感谢我们的团队，首先是罗杰·卡斯滕斯（Roger Carstens）特使，以及一直在国务院努力帮助他回国的所有人，他们都在不懈努力，我很高兴我们现在看到了今天这项成果。
正如你们所知，我最重视或最关注的工作就是帮助被不公正拘押的美国人回到祖国，无论他们在世界上哪个地方。在他们都回到家中并像杰弗里一样与家人团聚之前，我们不会懈怠。
今天上午，我将发布2022年度人权报告（Human Rights Report）。但在我进入正题之前，我想谈谈现在正在莫斯科发生的情况。
今天及这个星期，习主席将在俄罗斯与普京总统会谈。我们预计中国可能会利用这次访问再次根据其和平提议提出停火。
美国欢迎任何促进公正及持久和平的倡议。中国的提议包含我们长期以来一直支持的几个要素，其中有确保核安全、解决人道主义危机以及保护平民。
而且事实上，第一个要素要求维护所有国家的主权、独立和领土完整。
终止在乌克兰战争并实现公正及持久和平的任何计划的根本要素都必须是根据《联合国宪章》（UN Charter）维护乌克兰的主权和领土完整。
任何不优先考虑这一核心原则的计划充其量只是一种拖延手段，或者只是在寻求为一种不公正的结果提供便利。这不是建设性的外交。
不包括把俄罗斯军队赶出乌克兰领土的停火呼吁实际上是支持认可俄罗斯的征服行径。它将承认俄罗斯以武力夺取主权邻国的领土的企图。这将使俄罗斯能够进一步巩固其在乌克兰的地位。若没有持久的解决方案而现在就停火，普京总统便可以趁机休整并重整他的军队，然后在对俄罗斯更有利的时候重新发动战争。
世界不应当被俄罗斯——在中国或任何其他国家的协助下——采取的按照它自己的条件冻结战事的任何战术手段所愚弄。这样的行为将违反《联合国宪章》，并违背在联合国大会（United Nations General Assembly）上谴责俄罗斯发动战争的141个国家的意愿。
这场冲突的一方——乌克兰——已经提出了一个公正的和平方案。如果中国承诺支持正如其计划第一点所要求的根据《联合国宪章》的有关原则结束战争，它可以在这个基础上与泽连斯基总统（President Zelensky）和乌克兰接触，并利用其影响力迫使莫斯科撤回其军队。
俄罗斯所称的对乌克兰主权领土的兼并，包括它甚至并不控制的大片地区，及其对平民的持续不断的野蛮袭击，都表明普京总统目前对这样的和平不感兴趣。
习主席在国际刑事法院（International Criminal Court）对普京总统发出逮捕令几天后前往俄罗斯，表明了中国感到它没有责任对克里姆林宫在乌克兰犯下的暴行追究责任；它非但不谴责这些暴行，反而提供外交掩护让俄罗斯继续犯下这些罪行。
我每年都会来到这个讲台上发布人权报告。我这样做是因为这份报告体现了人权对于美国外交以及我们对开放、自由、繁荣和安全的世界的愿景的重要意义。
人权具有普世性。人权不受任何国家、思想意识或地区的局限，而适用于每个地方的每个人。
这份报告对全球近200个国家和地区的人权状况进行了实事求是、客观、严格的记录。而且重要的是，它对各个国家和地区都采用相同的标准，包括我们的盟友和伙伴以及与我们有分歧的国家。
本报告的目的不是说教或羞辱。相反，它是要为那些在世界各地当人类尊严受到多种多样的威胁时奋力予以捍卫及维护的人们提供资源。虽然这份报告面向世界各国，但我们知道美国在人权方面也面临着一系列自身的挑战。
我们愿意公开面对我们的挑战，承认我们自己的缺点——而不是掩盖它们或假装它们不存在——这是我们和其他民主国家的独特之处。
这份报告明确指出，在2022年，在世界上各个地区，我们继续看到一些国家的人权状况倒退——公民空间被关闭，基本人类尊严得不到尊重。
该报告详述了伊朗政权对其本国人民犯下的骇人听闻、持续不断的侵权行为。在马赫萨·阿米尼（Mahsa Amini）惨死之后，伊朗当局杀害了数百名和平抗议者，其中包括数十名儿童，并任意拘押了数千人。
伊朗武装部队对被捕的抗议者施以酷刑和基于性别的暴力。新闻记者和律师受到骚扰并遭到先发制人的拘押。假庭审及仓促处决被用来进一步恐吓伊朗人民。
国际社会齐心协力地谴责和抗议伊朗的残酷镇压，我们将继续采取行动支持伊朗人民为其基本自由大声疾呼的权利。
在阿富汗，塔利班（Taliban）无情地歧视并镇压妇女和女童，迄今颁布了80项法令，限制妇女的行动自由以及受教育和工作的权利。塔利班于12月颁布的禁止非政府组织的女雇员进入工作场所的法令危及数千万依赖人道主义援助生存的阿富汗人。
人权在缅甸进一步受到侵蚀，该国的军事政权残酷对待本国人民。数以千计的活动人士被当局杀害——其中包括去年夏天被处决的四名支持民主的领导人。
中国继续侵犯人权，包括针对维吾尔人的种族灭绝和危害人类罪行、镇压藏人、在香港压制基本权利，以及打击在中国大陆行使基本自由权利的个人。
在古巴，有关法院把数百名为争取自身权利而抗议的人判处严厉的徒刑。在尼加拉瓜，专制政府继续拘押政治犯，并将他们关押在条件极其恶劣的监狱中。
2022年人权报告还提醒我们谨记众多人士——活动人士、新闻记者、律师、政府官员和普通公民——反抗这些侵权行为的非凡勇气。许多人是冒着遭到报复、骚扰、拘押、酷刑甚至死亡的巨大个人风险进行抗争的。
我们在二月份表彰了10位全球人权捍卫者（Global Human Rights Defender）获奖者——他们来自世界各地，提倡并捍卫基本自由，从抗击奴役到为被迫失踪者的家人维权，再到要求为低收入劳工提供更高的工资和更好的工作条件，以及为被判处死刑的政治犯代言。这份报告向他们致敬。
我也为我在国务院的同事们感到自豪，他们分布在华盛顿以及世界各地的各个使领馆，他们不仅报告和记录了侵犯人权的行为，而且还借助于美国外交的力量和目标来增进人类尊严。
正如你们所知，我最近访问了埃塞俄比亚，并在那里与阿比（Abiy）总理及其团队进行了非常富有成效的讨论。我还会见了格塔丘·瑞达（Getachew Reda），他是签署11月2日《停止敌对行动协议》（Cessation of Hostilities Agreement）的提格雷人民解放阵线（TPLF）代表，并刚刚被选为临时政府的领导人。我对双方达成这项协议并为执行协议取得重大进展表示赞赏。
随着这项协议的达成，战斗已经停止，人道主义援助正在流入，服务正在恢复，埃塞俄比亚北部的侵犯人权行为明显下降，厄立特里亚部队正在撤离，埃塞俄比亚政府正在实施转型正义的最初步骤。
但是，正如我在访问期间与双方讨论的那样，要建立持久的和平，必须承认所有各方犯下的暴行，在和解的同时追究责任。
埃塞俄比亚北部的冲突是一场毁灭性的灾难。男女老幼被杀害。妇女和女童遭受了令人发指的性暴力。成千上万的人被迫离开家园。整个社区因种族原因而成为特定的攻击目标。
许多这些行动不是偶然发生的，也不仅仅是战争带来的副产品，而是精心策划和蓄意所为。
经过国务院对法律和事实的认真审查，我确定埃塞俄比亚国防军、厄立特里亚国防军、提格雷人民解放阵线部队和阿姆哈拉部队的成员在埃塞俄比亚北部冲突中犯下了战争罪。
埃塞俄比亚国防军、厄立特里亚国防军和阿姆哈拉部队的成员还犯下了危害人类罪，包括谋杀、强奸和其他形式的性暴力及迫害。
阿姆哈拉部队成员犯下了驱逐人口出境或强行转移人口的危害人类罪，其在提格雷西部实施的行动对提格雷人犯下了种族清洗罪。
我们欢迎《停止敌对行动协定》各方承诺承认所犯下的暴行及其破坏性后果。
通过公开发布一份详细的、以最佳做法为基础并借鉴了其他国家在摆脱大规模暴力时期经验的转型正义方案绿皮书，埃塞俄比亚政府正在实施转型正义的最初步骤。埃塞俄比亚政府已邀请人权事务高级专员办事处的专家加入埃塞俄比亚人权委员会，在受冲突影响的地区派驻一个人权监察员小组，以确保此类暴行被真正制止。
政府还在就转型正义举行公开协商，正如我与总理讨论的那样，这些协商应该包括所有利益相关者，并让受害者有发言权。这一进程正受益于该领域专家的建议，包括我的团队成员，他们上周刚刚与其他国际专家一起参加了一个关于转型正义的研讨会。
最后，至关重要的是，我们敦促埃塞俄比亚政府和厄立特里亚政府，以及提格雷人民解放阵线对实施这些暴行的人追责。
这些步骤——承认、问责、和解——是打破种族和政治暴力循环的关键，这种暴力长期以来一直钳制着埃塞俄比亚，阻碍该国发挥其无穷的潜力。
美国将与埃塞俄比亚合作，为所有受害者和受影响社区的利益实施一个可信的转型正义计划。在埃塞俄比亚坦诚面对其过去虐待行为、对其公民所受伤害承担责任、朝着持久和平的未来迈进之际，我们将与埃塞俄比亚站在一起。
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.state.gov/secretary-antony-j-blinken-on-the-2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。 | 2022 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
REMARKS
ANTONY J. BLINKEN, SECRETARY OF STATE
PRESS BRIEFING ROOM
WASHINGTON, D.C.
MARCH 20, 2023
MR PATEL: Good morning, everybody. And welcome back to those of us that were on the road with us last week.
The Secretary will make some very brief remarks and take a couple of questions before he has to head back upstairs for some engagements. Assistant Secretary Barclay and Ambassador Van Schaack, though, will hang back downstairs to answer some more Q&A once the Secretary departs.
Secretary, the floor is yours.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Vedant, thank you. Well, good morning, everyone.
Let me just start with some very good news this morning, and that is the release of Jeffrey Woodke after more than six years in captivity. I want to thank the Government of Niger, where I was just last week, for its important assistance in bringing him home. I also want to thank our team, starting with Special Envoy Roger Carstens, all of those who have been working at the department to bring him home, tireless efforts, and I’m very pleased that we are now seeing that come to fruition today.
As you know, I have no higher priority or focus than bringing home any unjustly detained American, wherever that is in the world. We won’t rest until they’re all home and, like Jeffrey, reunited with their families.
This morning, I’ll be launching the 2022 Human Rights Report. But just before I turn to that, I want to speak to what’s happening right now in Moscow.
Today, and throughout this week, President Xi is meeting with President Putin in Russia. We expect that China may use this visit to reiterate calls for a ceasefire under its peace proposal.
The United States welcomes any initiative that advances a just and durable peace. China’s proposal includes elements that we have long supported, including ensuring nuclear safety, resolving the humanitarian crisis, protecting civilians.
And indeed, the first element calls for upholding sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of all countries.
The fundamental element of any plan for ending the war in Ukraine and producing a just and durable peace must be upholding the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, in accordance with the United Nations Charter.
Any plan that does not prioritize this critical principle is a stalling tactic at best or is merely seeking to facilitate an unjust outcome. That is not constructive diplomacy.
Calling for a ceasefire that does not include the removal of Russian forces from Ukrainian territory would effectively be supporting the ratification of Russian conquest. It would recognize Russia’s attempts to seize a sovereign neighbor’s territory by force. It would enable Russia to further entrench positions in Ukraine. And a ceasefire now, without a durable solution, would allow President Putin to rest and refit his troops and then restart the war at a time more advantageous to Russia.
The world should not be fooled by any tactical move by Russia – supported by China or any other country – to freeze the war on its own terms. Such a move would violate the UN Charter and delay – defy, excuse me – the will of the 141 countries who have condemned Russia’s war in the United Nations General Assembly.
One party to this conflict – Ukraine – has already put forward a just peace formula. If China is committed to supporting an end to the war based on the principles of the UN Charter as called for in point one of its plan, it can engage with President Zelenskyy and Ukraine on this basis and use its influence to compel Moscow to pull back its forces.
Russia’s purported annexation of sovereign Ukrainian territory, including vast areas it doesn’t even control, and its ongoing, brutal attacks on civilians make clear that President Putin currently has no interest in such a peace.
That President Xi is traveling to Russia days after the International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for President Putin suggests that China feels no responsibility to hold the Kremlin accountable for the atrocities committed in Ukraine, and instead of even condemning them, it would rather provide diplomatic cover for Russia to continue to commit those very crimes.
Now, every year, I come to this podium for the launch of the Human Rights Report. I do so because the report embodies the importance of human rights for American diplomacy and for our vision of an open, free, prosperous, and secure world.
Human rights are universal. They aren’t defined by any one country, philosophy, or region. They apply to everyone, everywhere.
This report makes a factual, objective, and rigorous accounting of human rights conditions around the world, looking at nearly 200 countries and territories. And, importantly, it applies the same standards to everyone: our allies and partners, and countries with which we have differences.
The goal of this report is not to lecture or to shame. Rather, it is to provide a resource for those individuals working around the world to safeguard and uphold human dignity when it’s under threat in so many ways. And while this report looks outward to countries around the world, we know the United States faces its own set of challenges on human rights.
Our willingness to confront our challenges openly, to acknowledge our own shortcomings – not to sweep them under the rug or pretend they don’t exist – that is what distinguishes us and other democracies.
The report makes clear that, in 2022, in countries across every region, we continued to see a backsliding in human rights conditions – the closing of civic space, disrespect for fundamental human dignity.
The report details the appalling and ongoing abuses committed by the regime in Iran against its own people. In the wake of the tragic death of Mahsa Amini, authorities have killed hundreds of peaceful protestors, including dozens of children, and have arbitrarily detained thousands.
Iranian forces are using torture and gender-based violence against arrested protesters. Journalists and lawyers are harassed and pre-emptively detained. Sham trials and hasty executions are used to further intimidate the people of Iran.
The international community has come together to condemn and confront Iran’s brutal crackdown, and we’ll continue to act in support of the right of the Iranian people to speak out for their fundamental freedoms.
In Afghanistan, the Taliban relentlessly discriminates against and represses women and girls, so far issuing 80 decrees and – that restrict women’s freedom of movement and their right to education and work. The Taliban’s December edict barring female employees of non-governmental organizations from the workplace imperils the tens of millions of Afghans who depend on humanitarian assistance for their very survival.
Human rights have further eroded in Burma, where the military regime brutalizes the population. Thousands of activists have been killed by the authorities – including four pro-democracy leaders executed last summer.
The PRC continues its abuses, including genocide and crimes against humanity against Uyghurs, repression of Tibetans, crackdown on basic rights in Hong Kong, and targeting of individuals on the mainland for exercising fundamental freedoms.
In Cuba, courts have issued draconian jail sentences to hundreds of people for protesting for their rights. And in Nicaragua, the authoritarian government continues to detain political prisoners and hold them in appalling prison conditions.
The 2022 Human Rights Report is also a reminder of the extraordinary courage of so many – activists, journalists, lawyers, government officials, regular citizens – who stand up to these abuses. Many do so at great personal risk of retaliation, harassment, detention, torture, even death.
In February, we celebrated ten Global Human Rights Defender awardees – individuals from around the world who are promoting and defending fundamental freedoms, from combatting slavery, to advocating for families of those forcibly disappeared, to demanding better wages and working conditions for low-income laborers, to representing political prisoners on death row. This report honors them.
I’m also proud of my colleagues here at the State Department – in Washington and at every post around the world – for not only reporting and documenting human rights abuses but also drawing on the power and purpose of American diplomacy to advance human dignity.
Now, as you know, I recently traveled to Ethiopia, where I had a very productive discussion with Prime Minister Abiy and his team. I also met with Getachew Reda, the TPLF signatory to the November 2nd Cessation of Hostilities Agreement, who was just selected to be the leader of its interim administration. I commended both sides for reaching that agreement and the significant progress made in its implementation.
With this agreement in place, the fighting has stopped, humanitarian assistance is flowing, services are being restored, human rights[i] in northern Ethiopia are significantly down, Eritrean forces are leaving, the Ethiopian Government is taking the first steps toward transitional justice.
But, as I discussed with both sides during my visit, to build a durable peace, there must be acknowledgment of the atrocities committed by all parties, as well as accountability together with reconciliation.
The conflict in northern Ethiopia was devastating. Men, women, and children were killed. Women and girls were subject to horrific forms of sexual violence. Thousands were forcibly displaced from their homes. Entire communities were specifically targeted based on their ethnicity.
Many of these actions were not random or a mere byproduct of war. They were calculated and deliberate.
After the department’s careful review of the law and the facts, I’ve determined that members of the Ethiopian National Defense Forces, Eritrean Defense Forces, Tigray People’s Liberation Front forces, and Amhara forces committed war crimes during the conflict in northern Ethiopia.
Members of the Ethiopian National Defense Forces, the Eritrean Defense Forces, and Amhara forces also committed crimes against humanity, including murder, rape and other forms of sexual violence, and persecution.
Members of the Amhara forces committed the crime against humanity of deportation or forcible transfer and committed ethnic cleansing through their treatment of Tigrayans in western Tigray.
We welcome the commitment that the parties to the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement have made to acknowledge the atrocities committed and their devastating consequences.
The Government of Ethiopia is taking the first steps by publicly releasing a detailed green paper of transitional justice options based upon best practices and building upon the experiences of other states emerging from periods of mass violence. It has invited experts from the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights to join the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission to deploy a team of human rights monitors to conflict-affected areas to ensure that such acts have truly ceased.
The government is also holding public consultations about transitional justice, which, as I discussed with the prime minister, should be inclusive of all stakeholders and provide victims a voice. The process is benefiting from the advice of experts in the field, including members of my team who participated in a workshop on transitional justice with other international specialists just last week.
Finally, and crucially, we urge the Government of Ethiopia and the Government of Eritrea, as well as the TPLF, to hold those responsible for these atrocities accountable.
These steps – acknowledgement, accountability, reconciliation – are key to breaking the cycle of ethnic and political violence that has gripped Ethiopia and prevented it from reaching its unlimited potential for so long.
The United States will partner with Ethiopia as it implements a credible transitional justice process for the benefit of all victims and affected communities. We will stand with Ethiopia as it honestly faces the abuses in its past, provides accountability for the harms committed against its citizens, and moves toward a future of lasting peace.
With that, happy to take a couple of questions before turning it over to my colleagues.
MR PATEL: Matt, go ahead.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Matt.
QUESTION: Thank you, Mr. Secretary, and welcome back.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Thank you.
QUESTION: I’ve got about 17 questions, but for the sake of —
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Hold on, let me get my pen out.
QUESTION: But – yeah, but for the sake of both you and my colleagues, I’ll narrow it down to just one.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Thank you.
QUESTION: And that has to do with the Ethiopia – and the decision you just made. As you noted, you were just there. Why didn’t you make this determination either while you were there or before you went? Were your conversations while you were there instructive in – did the – in making this?
And then the other thing is – on this – you seem to suggest that you think that Ethiopian courts can take care – can deal with this. That is not so much the case as it relates to Russia and Ukraine. And I – so I’m just wondering why it is that you think that.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Thanks, Matt. Well, look, I’m not – obviously not going to get into the details of private discussions that I had, but two things. First, this determination is the product of a lot of very deliberate, detailed work, and we are, when we make these determinations, very focused on doing that work, making sure that we have the facts, that we apply them to the law, and all of that takes time and focus.
It seemed appropriate to release the determination that we made as we’re putting out the Human Rights Report. And beyond that, I’d say that in terms of what happens next in Ethiopia, including what process they establish to provide for justice, for accountability, we’ll see. I don’t think that’s been determined. What has been determined and what I could see from my meetings and conversations last week is a commitment on all sides to engage in this process of transitional justice; an acknowledgement of the atrocities that have been committed – again, by all sides – in the course of this conflict in northern Ethiopia; and, I believe, a commitment to genuinely get to a better place that has to include accountability, that has to include, I think, reconciliation if we’re going to have a truly durable peace.
That’s what I heard on the trip, and again, I think the situation that we’re seeing now in Ethiopia is vastly different than situations in other parts of the world in that, over the last four months, the steps that all sides have taken to implement the cessation of hostilities agreement has literally saved lives and changed lives for tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of people. But that doesn’t erase what happened over the last two years, which is why it is so important that we get this transitional justice process moving and that there is accountability as well as reconciliation.
QUESTION: Afghanistan?
MR PATEL: Let’s go to Missy in the back.
QUESTION: Please, Mr. Secretary. Afghan situation also is very bad.
MR PATEL: Please.
QUESTION: Any message for our new year? We celebrated our new year.
MR PATEL: Nazira, I’m going to call the questions. Missy, (inaudible).
QUESTION: Please – you guys don’t give me opportunity. Any comment about Afghan women? And what’s your message for our new year? We celebrated, but Afghan women crying.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Well, we —
QUESTION: I know you don’t give me a chance. Sorry, I have a lot of pain.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: I’ll say very simply – no, no, I’m happy to address that. I’ll say very simply that we deplore the edicts that the Taliban have promulgated repeatedly that fundamentally repress the rights of Afghan women and girls. And we’ve seen this now time and again: denying them education, denying them the ability to work, denying them the ability to participate in the provision of humanitarian assistance that benefits all Afghans. And I think it’s safe to say from conversations with countries around the world that to the extent the Taliban is looking for more normal relations with countries around the world, that will not happen in so long as they continue to advance these repressive edicts against women and girls.
MR PATEL: Missy, go ahead.
QUESTION: Secretary Blinken, thanks so much for coming to talk to us about the report. What would your response be to those that would say despite the content of the – contents of the report and despite all of the work that goes into it, that the issues that are flagged don’t – are not sufficiently influencing policymaking, especially when it comes to countries where it is harder for the United States to have those tough discussions on human rights, like Egypt and Saudi Arabia and Israel? What’s your response to that?
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Well, first, we have those tough discussions across the board with friends, adversaries, competitors alike. So that – and the report itself makes that very clear. But in the day-in, day-out, it’s the same thing. So we don’t – we’re not pulling our punches with anyone as – we call things as we see them. Sometimes we do it more publicly; sometimes we do it more privately. We’re trying to determine in each instance how we hopefully can be most effective in advancing human rights and advancing human dignity.
So I think it’s safe to say, without getting into details, that we raise these concerns with everyone – again, friends, adversaries, competitors.
At the same time, as we’re working in different ways with different countries, we have a multiplicity of interests that we’re working on, and we always try to determine how we can most effectively advance them. Human rights is a central interest of ours; it’s not the only one. And my responsibility is to make sure that we’re doing our best to advance all of our interests however we can. But as this report makes clear – and it’s the fact that it’s a very public report and that it applies the same standards to countries around the world, whatever their relationship with us – I think demonstrates the seriousness with which we take this issue.
MR PATEL: Thank you, Mr. Secretary.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Thank you. I’ll leave it in the very capable hands of my colleagues. Thank you, everyone.
MR PATEL: Thank you, everybody. |
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2020年 6月3 日
发言人摩根·奥特葛斯（MORGAN ORTAGUS）发表声明
天安门事件31周年
今天，我们向和平争取民主、人权和消除社会腐败的勇敢的中国人民致敬。他们的呼声在1989年6月4日遭到暴力镇压。当时受中国共产党派遣的人民解放军队出动坦克，持枪进入天安门广场。天安门广场的示威活动激励了苏联和东欧受压迫的人民争取实现民主变革，但中国共产党政府仍通过高压的信息控制和野蛮的暴行得到维护。
31年后，在天安门广场失踪或丧生的示威民众总数依然不为人知。美国继续对他们渴求的愿望表示钦佩。美国人民支持仍因失去亲人悲痛万分的家庭，包括勇敢的“天安门母亲”。尽管个人面临巨大的困难和危险，“天安门母亲”从未停止为自己死去的孩子伸张正义。我们重申我们要求全面公开被杀害人员或失踪人员的情况。
我们对1989年6月4日的遇难者表示哀悼。我们支持中国人民继续争取实现保护人权、基本自由和人类基本尊严的政府。 | STATEMENT BY MORGAN ORTAGUS, SPOKESPERSON
June 3, 2020
31st Anniversary of Tiananmen Square
Today we honor the brave Chinese people whose peaceful calls for democracy, human rights, and a corruption-free society came to a violent end when the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) sent the People’s Liberation Army into Tiananmen Square on June 4, 1989, armed with tanks and guns. While the Tiananmen protests inspired the oppressed in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe to demand and achieve democratic change, the Chinese communist government survived with oppressive control of information and sheer brutality.
Thirty-one years later, the total number of missing or dead Tiananmen protesters is still unknown. The United States continues to applaud their aspirations, and the American people stand with the families still grieving their lost loved ones, including the courageous Tiananmen Mothers who have never stopped seeking accountability for their children’s deaths, despite great personal hardship and risk. We reiterate our call for a full, public accounting of those killed or missing.
We mourn the victims of June 4, 1989, and we stand with the people of China who continue to aspire to a government that protects human rights, fundamental freedoms, and basic human dignity. |
STATEMENT BY SECRETARY MICHAEL R. POMPEO：State Department Releases Women, Peace, and Security Implementation Plan
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2020年 6月 11日
国务卿迈克尔·蓬佩奥（MICHAEL R. POMPEO）发表声明
国务院发布妇女、和平与安全事务执行计划
美国通过树立妇女自主权的榜样，在全球舞台上发挥主导作用。今天国务院发布《美国关于妇女、和平与安全战略的执行计划》（Plan to Implement the U.S. Strategy on Women, Peace, and Security）。这项战略以支持世界各地为全球安全做出贡献的妇女领导人为主旨，包括保证国务院及其工作人员拥有必要的技术和工具执行这项重要的使命。
支持妇女切实参与维护和平，防止冲突和抗击恐怖主义的行动有助于世界各地社区和国家增进安全和经济效益。国务院的执行计划为实现我们的国家安全目标提出了具体的步骤，要求解决妇女在防止冲突和促进安全的努力中代表性不足的问题。
我们的外交努力与美国国际发展署（U.S. Agency for International Development）和国防部（Departments of Defense）及国土安全部（Homeland Security）的执行计划一起将促进妇女为达成全球挑战解决方案发挥的作用，进一步增强美国的国家安全。 | State Department Releases Women, Peace, and Security Implementation Plan
06/11/2020 12:52 PM EDT
Michael R. Pompeo, Secretary of State
The United States is leading by example in women’s empowerment on the global stage. Today the Department of State released its Plan to Implement the U.S. Strategy on Women, Peace, and Security. The Strategy focuses on supporting women leaders around the world who make contributions to global security, including by ensuring the Department and its personnel have the necessary skills and tools to carry out this important mission.
Supporting women’s meaningful participation to maintain peace, stem conflict, and counter terrorism leads to better security and economic outcomes for communities and countries around the world. The Department of State’s Implementation Plan lays out concrete steps to achieve our national security goals by addressing women’s under-representation in efforts to prevent conflict and promote security.
Together with the implementation plans of the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Departments of Defense and Homeland Security, our diplomatic efforts will reinforce U.S. national security by advancing the role of women in generating solutions to global challenges. |
新闻稿
国务卿迈克尔·R·蓬佩奥
2020年6月18日
今天，美国针对一个公司网络中的活跃参与者实施了制裁，这些公司运输假借石油换食品计划的名义从委内瑞拉人民手中窃取的石油。这一组织盗用了数百万据称是用于人道主义援助的资金，但却未能向委内瑞拉人民交付承诺的食品。非法的马杜罗政权继续窃取委内瑞拉的资源来收紧对于委内瑞拉人民的专制控制。今天的行动是又一次警告：任何为这种盗窃行为提供便利的个人或公司将不再有机会进入美国金融系统。马杜罗的腐败政权对委内瑞拉的政治、经济和人道主义危机负有直接责任。
美国坚定支持临时总统胡安·瓜伊多、民主选举出的国民议会以及寻求和平民主过渡的委内瑞拉人民。美国呼吁国际社会加大对马杜罗政权的施压力度，直到其放弃对权力的非法掌控。 | PRESS STATEMENT
MICHAEL R. POMPEO, SECRETARY OF STATE
JUNE 18, 2020
Today, the United States imposed sanctions against active participants in a network of companies that transported oil stolen from the Venezuelan people under the guise of an oil-for-food scheme. This enterprise skimmed millions from funds that were claimed to have been for humanitarian aid, yet failed to deliver the promised food to the Venezuelan people. The illegitimate Maduro regime continues to steal Venezuelan resources to tighten its authoritarian grip over the Venezuelan people. Today’s action is another warning that any individual or company that facilitates this theft will no longer enjoy access to the U.S. financial system. Maduro’s corrupt regime is directly responsible for the political, economic, and humanitarian crisis in Venezuela.
The United States is steadfast in its support for Interim President Juan Guaido, the democratically elected National Assembly, and the Venezuelan people in their quest for a peaceful democratic transition. The United States calls on the international community to increase pressure against the Maduro regime until it relinquishes its illegitimate hold on power. |
发言人办公室
由于COVID-19的全球影响，美国国务院建议美国公民重新考虑出国旅行计划。目前全球许多地区都有COVID-19疫情并正在采取可能限制旅行者流动的措施，包括隔离和边境限制。即便是没有报告病例的国家、管辖区或地区也可能在没有事先通知的情况下实施旅行限制。
请访问美国疾控中心网站，获取关于COVID-19的最新信息。
建议您访问 travel.state.gov，查看针对最紧迫安全威胁的个人旅行建议。同时建议您访问相关美国使领馆的网站，查看由当地政府颁布的入境限制和外国隔离政策相关信息，以及紧急卫生信息。
我们敦促旅行者在智行者登记计划进行登记，以便接收相关通知，并方便我们遇紧急情况时知晓您在哪里。美国国务院利用这些警示发布有关恐怖威胁、安全事故、游行示威计划、自然灾害等信息。如有紧急情况，请与就近的美国大使馆或领事馆联系，或拨打以下电话:1(888)407-4747(在美国和加拿大境内拨打免费)或1(202)501-4444(从其他国家或司法管辖区拨打)。
如果你决定出国旅游:
访问美国国土安全部的网站，了解前往美国的最新旅行限制。 | Office of the Spokesperson
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to reconsider travel abroad due to the global impact of COVID-19. Many areas throughout the world are now experiencing COVID-19 outbreaks and taking action that may limit traveler mobility, including quarantines and border restrictions. Even countries, jurisdictions, or areas where cases have not been reported may restrict travel without notice.
For the latest information regarding COVID-19, please visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) website.
You are encouraged to visit travel.state.gov to view individual Travel Advisories for the most urgent threats to safety and security. Please also visit the website of the relevant U.S. embassy or consulate to see information on entry restrictions, foreign quarantine policies, and urgent health information provided by local governments.
Travelers are urged to enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency. The Department uses these Alerts to convey information about terrorist threats, security incidents, planned demonstrations, natural disasters, etc. In an emergency, please contact the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate or call the following numbers: 1(888) 407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1 (202) 501-4444 from other countries or jurisdictions.
If you decide to travel abroad:
Visit the Department of Homeland Security’s website on the latest travel restrictions to the U.S. |
美中40年
40年前，美利坚合众国与中华人民共和国于1979年1月1日起建立外交关系。
#美中40年#
基辛格博士
听听亨利·基辛格博士最近谈到的重建外交关系之前的日子，并听听他在谈到美中关系的未来时，对今天的年轻人所讲的话。
大使们
在过去的40年里，每位大使都在进一步加强美中关系上发挥了独特的作用。
40年的女性
你认为哪些女性在我们的双边关系中留下了印记？三月份女性历史月，我们一起看看在包括艺术、体育、政治和商业在内的广泛领域内留下了遗产的女性。(图片来自AP)
美中环境与创新
过去40年来，美国与中国合作最丰富的领域之一就是我们共同致力于环境保护。 | 40 years ago, on January 1, 1979, the U.S. and China re-established diplomatic relations.
#美中40年# |
会后汇报：布林肯国务卿与中国政治局委员杨洁篪通话
发言人办公室
2021年6月11日
以下内容来自发言人内德·普赖斯：
安东尼·J·布林肯国务卿今天与中共中央政治局委员、中央外事工作委员会办公室主任杨洁篪进行了通话。布林肯国务卿和杨主任讨论了美国对朝鲜政策的全面审查，强调美国和中华人民共和国为实现韩朝半岛无核化而共同努力的必要性。布林肯国务卿和杨主任继续就共同面对的全球挑战进行了讨论，包括伊朗问题、缅甸问题以及气候危机。在谈到新冠疫情大流行时，国务卿强调了在病毒溯源问题上合作与透明度的重要性，包括需要在中国进行世卫组织第二阶段专家领导的研究。国务卿特别强调，美国对香港民主规范恶化以及对新疆持续针对以穆斯林为主的维吾尔人和其他少数民族和宗教少数团体成员进行的种族灭绝和反人类罪行表示关切。他还呼吁北京停止针对台湾的施压行动，和平解决两岸问题。国务卿提及数起美国和加拿大公民在中国遭受任意拘押和出境禁令的案例，并呼吁立即释放那些被错误拘押的人。 | Secretary Blinken’s Call with Politburo Member Yang
READOUT
OFFICE OF THE SPOKESPERSON
JUNE 11, 2021
The following is attributable to Spokesperson Ned Price:
Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken spoke by phone with Chinese Communist Party Politburo Member and Director of the Office of the Foreign Affairs Commission Yang Jiechi today. Secretary Blinken and Director Yang discussed the United States’ comprehensive DPRK policy review, focusing on the need for the United States and the PRC to work together for the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. Secretary Blinken and Director Yang continued discussions on shared global challenges, including Iran, Burma, and the climate crisis. Addressing the COVID-19 pandemic, the Secretary stressed the importance of cooperation and transparency regarding the origin of the virus, including the need for WHO Phase 2 expert-led studies in China. The Secretary underscored U.S. concern over the deterioration of democratic norms in Hong Kong and the ongoing genocide and crimes against humanity against predominantly Muslim Uyghurs and members of other ethnic and religious minority groups in Xinjiang. He also called on Beijing to cease its pressure campaign against Taiwan and peacefully resolve cross-Strait issues. The Secretary raised several cases of U.S. and Canadian citizens subject to arbitrary detention and exit bans in China and called for the immediate release of those wrongfully detained. |
STATEMENT Keeping the World Safe from Iran’s Nuclear Program
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿特区
2020年5月27日
迈克尔·蓬佩奥（MICHAEL R. POMPEO）国务卿声明
保护世界安全不受伊朗核项目威胁
今天，我宣布终止对《联合全面行动计划》（JCPOA）所含其余所有伊朗核项目的制裁豁免——阿拉克（Arak）反应堆改造，德黑兰研究反应堆（Tehran Research Reactor）浓缩铀供应，以及伊朗研究反应堆的乏废燃料出口。对这些活动的制裁豁免将在最后的60天收尾期结束时终止，以便与这些活动有关的公司和实体停止运作。
我还宣布，根据13382号行政命令（E.O. 13382），将马吉德·阿加伊（Majid Agha’i）和阿扎德·萨斯加（Amjad Sazgar）确定为参与或试图参与对扩撒大规模毁灭性武器具有重大作用或有可能具有重大作用的活动的人。萨斯加是伊朗原子能组织（Atomic Energy Organization of Iran）负责浓缩铀气体离心机产业规模生产的实体的管理主任。2019年，萨斯加管理和监督了在伊朗福尔多燃料浓缩厂（Fordow Fuel Enrichment plant）的离心机安装。通过这些活动，萨斯加对伊朗具有挑衅性的和破坏稳定的核能力发展发挥了作用。阿加伊也对伊朗浓缩铀离心机运作有主要参与，是伊朗原子能组织负责研发先进离心机的分部经理。
伊朗政权通过扩大带有扩散敏感性的活动，继续推行其核边缘政策。这些升级行动不可接受，因此，我没有理由为这些《联合全面行动计划》相关活动重新延长豁免。伊朗政权的核讹诈将会给伊朗造成更大压力，进一步使其孤立于国际社会。此外，伊朗的核人员需要作出选择——要么为伊朗的扩撒组织效力并面临受制裁的可能，要么在扩撒领域之外为伊朗人民服务。
在对《联合全面行动计划》相关活动的豁免行将结束的同时，美国将为国际社会目前对布什尔核电厂第一机组（Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant Unit 1）的支持延长豁免90天，以保证运行安全。我们将继续密切注视伊朗核项目的一切动向，并可在任何时候调整这项豁免。
对于一个在几天前还要动用“最后解决方案”（The Final Solution）并且不断威胁要使以色列从地图上消失的政权，绝不能让其获得核武器。美国欢迎国际社会对伊朗政权最近的反犹言论给予的广泛谴责。伊朗政权的恶毒言辞只会加强国际社会对抗其威胁的决心。 | For Immediate Release
STATEMENT BY SECRETARY MICHAEL R. POMPEO
May 27, 2020
Keeping the World Safe from Iran’s Nuclear Program
Today, I am announcing the end of the sanctions waiver covering all remaining JCPOA-originating nuclear projects in Iran – the Arak reactor conversion, the provision of enriched uranium for the Tehran Research Reactor, and the export of Iran’s spent and scrap research reactor fuel. The sanctions waiver covering these activities will end following a final, 60-day wind-down period allowing companies and entities involved in these activities to cease their operations.
I am also announcing the designation of Majid Agha’i and Amjad Sazgar pursuant to E.O. 13382 for engaging or attempting to engage in activities that have materially contributed to, or pose a risk of materially contributing to, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Sazgar is the Managing Director of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran entity responsible for the industrial-scale production of uranium enrichment gas centrifuge machines. In 2019, Sazgar managed and supervised the installation of centrifuges at Iran’s Fordow Fuel Enrichment plant. Through these activities, Sazgar has contributed to Iran’s continued provocative and destabilizing expansion of its nuclear capabilities. Agha’i has also been centrally involved in Iran’s uranium enrichment centrifuge operations, and is a manager in the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran subsidiary responsible for research and development of advanced centrifuges.
The Iranian regime has continued its nuclear brinkmanship by expanding proliferation sensitive activities. These escalatory actions are unacceptable and I cannot justify renewing the waiver for these JCPOA-related activities as a result. The regime’s nuclear extortion will lead to increased pressure on Iran and further isolate the regime from the international community. Moreover, Iran’s nuclear personnel need to make a choice – work for Iranian proliferation organizations and risk being sanctioned or put their skills to work for the Iranian people in pursuits outside of the proliferation realm.
As the waiver covering JCPOA-related activities comes to an end, the United States is providing a 90-day extension for the waiver covering ongoing international support to the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant Unit 1 to ensure safety of operations. We will continue to closely monitor all developments in Iran’s nuclear program and can modify this waiver at any time.
A regime that just days ago invoked “The Final Solution” and which regularly threatens to wipe Israel off the map must never obtain a nuclear weapon. The United States welcomes the international community’s widespread condemnation of the regime’s recent anti-Semitic statements. The regime’s vile rhetoric only strengthens the international community’s resolve to counter its threats. |
阅读原文： https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/new-humanitarian-and-health-assistance-bolsters-u-s-leadership-in-response-to-covid-19/ | PRESS STATEMENT
MICHAEL R. POMPEO, SECRETARY OF STATE
JULY 15, 2020
The American people’s generosity remains unmatched in the global fight against COVID-19. The Department of State and USAID are providing an additional $208 million in new humanitarian and health assistance to bolster our ongoing response efforts, helping the world’s most vulnerable overcome the devastation inflicted by this deadly virus. With today’s announcement, the State Department and USAID alone have committed more than $1.5 billion for the global COVID-19 response since the outbreak began.
This new funding includes nearly $126 million in Migration and Refugee Assistance to support the provision of water, sanitation and hygiene supplies, enhance livelihood support, and increase access to protection, health services, and information for refugees and host communities in more than 40 countries. More than $62 million in global health funding will support the purchase of ventilators for countries in need, enabling delivery of machines, training, equipment, and support measures to our partner countries. Lastly, $20 million in International Disaster Assistance will support food assistance to address the secondary impacts of the pandemic in affected countries.
Our COVID-19 assistance bolsters the ability of our global partners to fight the virus, while also keeping Americans safer at home. This new assistance is part of more than $12.5 billion allocated across the U.S. Government to benefit the global response, including vaccine and therapeutics development, preparedness efforts, and humanitarian assistance.
Even as we continue our robust COVID-19 response, the United States must start preparing for the next outbreak today. We have a moral obligation to lead and to build a safer system for the next generation. With proactive thinking, we can prepare the U.S. Government and international system to ensure the world is prepared for the next outbreak – and work together to prevent a future pandemic. |
STATEMENT BY SECRETARY MICHAEL R. POMPEO
U.S. Limits the People’s Liberation Army’s Ability to Use Nonimmigrant Visa Programs to Illicitly Acquire U.S. Technologies and Intellectual Property
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2020年6 月 1日
国务卿迈克尔·蓬佩奥（MICHAEL R. POMPEO）发表声明
美国限制中国人民解放军利用非移民签证项目非法获得美国技术和知识产权
特朗普总统（President Trump）于5月29日发布公告，限制中国人民解放军滥用非移民学生和研究人员签证项目的行为。特朗普政府（Trump Administration）坚持要求与中华人民共和国的关系实现公平和对等，同时继续高度重视外国学生和研究人员做出的重大贡献，其中包括来自中国的这类人员。但是本届政府也坚定地要求保护我国的国家和经济安全。我们不允许中华人民共和国为了达到中国的军事目的试图非法从我国学术机构和研究设施获得美国的技术和知识产权。
总统发布的公告暂停中华人民共和国任何其学术或研究活动可能对中华人民共和国执行和支持中国共产党“军民融合”战略的实体提供支持的国民持F或J签证入境美国从事学习或研究，除从事本科学习的学生外。我们上星期五的行动是中华人民共和国政府采取有关战略和政策的直接结果。这些战略和政策利用中国某些最有才华的研究生和研究人员接触某些目标领域的机会，从美国机构转移和盗窃敏感技术和知识产权，不正当地利用我国开放与合作式的学术和研究环境达到利己的目的。这项行动将有助于保护美国的国家和经济安全利益及美国研究事业的效益和安全。
我们关注的是中国共产党及某些特定人员的恶意行为，不是中国人民。中华人民共和国政府为实现其军事利益所选中、拉拢和利用的研究生和研究人员，在申请赴美签证的中国学生和研究人员中占一小部分。我们期待新的签证政策将有助于为美国和中国学者进行更有诚意的交往提供一个更有益的开放和透明的环境。与此同时，美国将继续尽一切努力保护美国的技术和机构，保证我国的国家和经济安全继续得到保障，不受外国的干涉。 | June 1, 2020
U.S. Limits the People’s Liberation Army’s Ability to Use Nonimmigrant Visa Programs to Illicitly Acquire U.S. Technologies and Intellectual Property
On May 29 President Trump issued a proclamation that limits the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) ability to misuse nonimmigrant student and researcher visa programs. The Trump Administration is committed to achieving a fair and reciprocal relationship with the People’s Republic of China (PRC), and also continues to value the important contributions of international students and researchers, including from China. However, the Administration is also committed to protecting our national and economic security. We will not tolerate PRC attempts to illicitly acquire American technology and intellectual property from our academic institution and research facilities for Chinese military ends.
The President’s proclamation suspends the entry into the United States of any People’s Republic of China national seeking to enter the United States pursuant to an F or J visa to study or conduct research in the United States, except for a student seeking to pursue undergraduate study, where the individual’s academic or research activities are likely to support a PRC entity that implements and supports the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) “military-civil fusion” strategy. Our actions last Friday are a direct consequence of PRC government strategies and policies that exploit the access of some of China’s brightest graduate students and researchers, in targeted fields, to divert and steal sensitive technologies and intellectual property from U.S. institutions, taking undue advantage of our open and collaborative academic and research environment. This action will help safeguard U.S. national and economic security interests and the productivity and security of the U.S. research enterprise.
Our concern is with the malign actions of the Chinese Communist Party and specific individuals, not with the Chinese people. The graduate students and researchers who are targeted, co-opted, and exploited by the PRC government for its military gain represent a small subset of Chinese student and researcher visa applicants coming to the United States. We expect this new visa policy will contribute to an improved, open, and transparent environment in which U.S. and Chinese scholars can engage with greater trust. At the same time, the United States will continue do everything in its power to safeguard U.S. technology and institutions, and to ensure our national and economic security remain safe and free from foreign interference. |
如特朗普（Trump）所说，美国正在与我们的全球朋友和伙伴共同协调努力，遏止大规模流行的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的传播。美国重视我们与盟国以及合作伙伴在抗击疫情和计划共同恢复中的合作。除总统和国务卿与七国集团（G7）、二十国集团（G20）、东盟（ASEAN）和其他同僚发挥领导作用外，自3月19日以来，副国务卿斯蒂芬·比冈（Stephen E. Biegun）领导了与盟国和合作伙伴定期举行的部长级协调通话。
这些通话使美国和我们的印度-太平洋（Indo-Pacific）伙伴能够就应对全球大流行疾病带来的独特和复杂的挑战以及以符合我们在自由和开放的印度-太平洋地区的共同利益的方式安全重启经济，交流看法和最佳举措。
通过在印度-太平洋合作伙伴之间的合作，我们做到：
随着我们开始重新开放社会和重新启动全球经济，美国和我们的印度-太平洋地区伙伴将通过双边、东盟相关机制、亚太经合组织以及其他多边努力，继续在以下方面合作：
美国和我们的印度-太平洋伙伴欢迎与在自由和开放的印度-太平洋地区有着和我们相同兴趣的合作伙伴和国际组织共同协调，使这个地区的所有国家作为主权、独立国家并肩走向繁荣。 | As President Trump has said, the United States is working with our friends and partners around the world to coordinate our efforts on stopping the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The United States values our cooperation with allies and partners in combatting the pandemic and in planning for our collective recovery. In addition to the leadership of the President and Secretary of State with their G7, G20, ASEAN, and other counterparts, Deputy Secretary of State Stephen E. Biegun has led regular deputy minister-level coordination calls with allies and partners since March 19.
These calls have allowed the United States and our Indo-Pacific partners to share ideas and best practices for responding to the unique and complex challenges presented by the global pandemic and to plan for safely re-opening our economies, in line with our shared interest in a free and open Indo-Pacific.
Through collaboration among Indo-Pacific partners, we have:
As we begin to re-open our societies and restart the global economy, the United States and our Indo-Pacific partners will continue to collaborate, through bilateral, ASEAN-related, APEC and other multilateral efforts, on:
The United States and our Indo-Pacific partners welcome coordination with partners and international organizations that share our interest in a free and open Indo-Pacific in which all countries prosper side by side as sovereign, independent states. |
美国独立日：庆祝自由
美国驻中国大使 泰里·布兰斯塔德
每年的7月4日，全美国的家庭都聚在一起庆祝《独立宣言》和美利坚合众国的生日。今年，美国243岁了。
独立日也是让我们铭记为什么美国得以建国的时候。随着英国国王的不公平政策点燃了追求独立的斗争，美国的建国之父们决定建立一个政府：它将保护个体自由并限制该政府控制公民的权力。他们的高瞻远瞩为美国现在成为有活力、多元化和繁荣的社会奠定了根基。
为保护人民，美国宪法规定了一些政府不能侵犯的核心权利。两项权利在过去的两百多年里特别塑造了美国的经历：宗教自由与言论自由。
从美国原住民数不胜数的宗教传统开始，美国长期以来就拥有多元化的信仰。随着移民群体的到来，新的宗教传统蓬勃发展。的确，从第一批于美国东北部走下船的欧洲定居者，到最近在加利福尼亚州下飞机的亚洲移民，敬拜自由已吸引人们来到美国。在我的家乡艾欧瓦州，各种犹太—基督教长期以来一直在互动，而21世纪也见证了其他宗教传统的到来，新的宗教信仰场所陆续出现在古老的教堂旁。这并不是说它们之间的关系一直是完美或融洽的，但有宪法作为我们的指路明灯，遵行这些信仰是受到保护的，而信仰的多样性丰富了美国社会。
同样，言论自由也丰富了美国社会及其多元的声音。言论自由让所有公民在自己的社区都有话语权，无论是在家、学校，还是在工作中。每一天，在美国各地的课堂，这种自由给师生提问的权利，鼓励批判性思考，促进有益的辩论。
这种自由也塑造了我们的政治。言论自由使公民能够表达自己对政治事件的看法，并影响地方、州，以及国家政治的改变。在美国，网络上的交流也是受保护的。因此，公众可以通过网络媒体从海量的信息中进行提取和事实查证，并从全国及世界各地的人们的观点中学习。
这些自由值得弘扬。 | America’s Independence Day: Celebrating Freedom
By U.S. Ambassador to China, Terry Branstad
Every year on the fourth of July, families around the United States gather to celebrate the Declaration of Independence and the United States of America’s birthday. This year America turns 243 years old.
Independence Day is also a time for us to remember why the United States came into existence. Since the unfair policies of the English king had sparked the struggle for independence, America’s founding fathers decided to create a government that would preserve individual liberty and limit the government’s power to control citizens. Their vision laid the foundation for the vibrant, diverse, prosperous society the United States has become.
To protect the people, the constitution lays out a number of core rights, which the government cannot violate. Two rights have particularly shaped the American experience over the last two hundred years are: freedom of religion and freedom of speech.
America has long had a diversity of beliefs, starting with the numerous Native American religious traditions. As immigrant groups arrived, new religious traditions flourished. Indeed, from the first European settlers stepping off their ships in the northeast, to the latest Asian immigrants descending from planes in California, the freedom to worship has drawn people to the United States. In my home state of Iowa, a variety of Judeo-Christian religions have long interacted, and the 21st century has seen the arrival of additional faith traditions, with new houses of faith cropping up next to old stone churches. This is not to say relationships have always been perfect, or easy, but with the constitution as our guiding light, the practice of these beliefs has been protected and their diversity has enriched American society.
Similarly, freedom of speech has enriched American society and its diverse voices. Freedom of speech gives all citizens a voice in their communities, whether it be at home, school, or work. Every day, this freedom gives students and teachers the right to ask questions, promotes critical thinking, and fosters healthy debate in classrooms across America.
This freedom has also shaped our politics. Freedom of speech enables citizens to voice their opinions about political events and influence change in local, state, and national politics. Online communication in the United States is protected as well. As a result, the public can use online media to draw from a wealth of information, fact-check, and learn from the perspectives of people across the country and from around the world.
These freedoms are worthy of celebration. |
特朗普总统在第75届联合国大会发表讲话
白宫
新闻秘书办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2020年9月22日
我对在联合国大会（United Nations General Assembly）发表讲话感到极为荣幸。
在第二次世界大战（United Nations General Assembly）结束和联合国成立75年后，我们再次投入一场宏大的全球战斗。我们对一个无形的敌人——中国病毒——发起了激烈的战斗。这种病毒已在188个国家夺走了无数人的生命。
在美国，我们发起了第二次世界大战以来最深入的动员工作。我们迅速生产了供应数量创纪录的呼吸机，还可以将盈余的物品与全球各地的朋友和伙伴分享。我们率先研发挽救生命的疗法，自4月以来使我们的死亡率降低了85%。
由于我们付出的努力，三种疫苗正进入最后阶段的临床试验。我们正先期进行批量生产，届时可不失时机立即发放。
我们将发放疫苗。我们将战胜这种病毒。我们将制止这场疫情。我们还将进入前所未有的繁荣、合作与和平的新时代。
在我们争取实现这个光明的未来之际，我们必须让在全世界散布这场瘟疫的国家承担责任：中国。
在这种病毒爆发的最初阶段，中国停止国内的旅行，同时却允许各类航班离开中国，使全世界受到传染。中国批评我对他们国家发布旅行禁令，而他们却取消国内航班，将民众闭锁在家中。
中国政府和世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）——实际上被中国所控制——宣布假消息说，没有人传人的证据。后来，他们又假称无症状人员不会传播这种疾病。
联合国必须让中国为他们的行为承担责任。
此外，中国每年向海洋倾倒数以百万吨计的塑料和垃圾，在其他国家的水域进行过度捕捞，大面积破坏珊瑚礁，并向大气释放比世界任何地方的任何国家更多的有毒汞。中国的碳排放量几乎是美国的两倍，目前仍在快速增加。与此相对照的是，我退出片面的巴黎气候协定（Paris Climate Accord）后，去年美国碳排放的下降幅度超过了参加协议的任何国家。
对美国成绩优异的环境记录进行攻击，却对中国的大肆污染熟视无睹的人并不关心环境问题。他们只想惩罚美国。对此我不会听之任之。
联合国如果有希望成为有效的组织，就必须注重全世界面临的实际问题，其中包括恐怖主义、压迫妇女的行为、强迫劳动、毒品走私、人口和性贩运、宗教迫害和对宗教少数派的种族清洗等。
美国将一如既往主导人权事务。本届政府正努力倡导宗教自由，为妇女提供机会，促进同性恋合法化，打击人口贩运和保护未出生的胎儿。
我们还知道，美国的繁荣是全世界繁荣与安全的基石。我们在短短三年内建成了有史以来最宏伟的经济。我们正迅速地再创辉煌。我们军队已大幅度壮大。过去四年，我们为我们的军队投入2.5万亿美元。我们拥有最强大的军队，全世界任何地方都远远不可比拟。
我们当仁不让地反对中国数十年不正当的贸易行为。我们重新振兴了北约（NATO）联盟，现在其他各国为达到公平的份额分担了更多的责任。为了制止人口贩运活动，我们与墨西哥、危地马拉、洪都拉斯和萨尔瓦多缔结了具有历史意义的伙伴关系。我们支持古巴、尼加拉瓜和委内瑞拉人民争取自由的正义斗争。
我们退出了令人深痛恶绝的伊朗核协议（Iran Nuclear Deal）并对全世界支持恐怖的首要国家实施严厉的制裁。我们100%消灭了伊斯兰国哈里发（ISIS caliphate）；击毙其创始人和头目巴格达迪（al-Baghdadi）；并铲除了全世界恐怖主义的首恶份子卡西姆·苏莱曼尼（Qasem Soleimani）。
这个月，我们实现了塞尔维亚与科索沃的和平协议。我们在中东数十年毫无进展的情况下，达成了两项里程碑式的突破性协议。以色列、阿拉伯联合酋长国和巴林都在白宫（White House）签署了具有历史意义的和平协议，今后其他众多中东国家也将跟进。他们也会很快到来，因为他们知道这对他们有益，对全世界有益。
这些突破性的和平协议成为新中东的曙光。我们采取一种不同的方式，取得了不同寻常的结果——超群绝伦的结果。我们采取一种方式，这种方式行之有效。我们希望很快实现更多的和平协议。我对于该地区的未来从来没有像现在这样乐观。土地上没有任何血迹。希望原来那些日子已经过去。
此时此刻，美国还努力结束在阿富汗的战争。同时我们正在撤回我们的军队。作为和平使者，美国正在履行自己的使命，但需要以实力寻求和平。现在我们比以往任何时期都更为强大。我们先进的武器已达到我们以往从未达到的高度——坦白地说，已达到以前我们甚至从未想到的高度。我向上帝祈祷，只希望我们永远不会使用这些武器。
数十年来，同样疲惫的声音提出了同样失败的解决办法，即以本国人民为代价实现全球抱负。但是只有关心本国人民，才能找到合作的真正基础。作为总统，我拒绝接受过去失败的办法。我很骄傲地提出美国优先，正如你们应该以你们本国为优先一样。这很正常——这正是你们应该做的。
我有极大的信心，明年我们亲莅现场时，将处于我们有史以来最伟大的年份之一——坦白地说，希望也是全世界历史上最伟大的时期。
谢谢诸位。上帝保佑大家。上帝保佑美国。上帝保佑联合国。 | Remarks by President Trump to the 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly
The White House
PRESIDENT TRUMP: It is my profound honor to address the United Nations General Assembly.
Seventy-five years after the end of World War II and the founding of the United Nations, we are once again engaged in a great global struggle. We have waged a fierce battle against the invisible enemy — the China virus — which has claimed countless lives in 188 countries.
In the United States, we launched the most aggressive mobilization since the Second World War. We rapidly produced a record supply of ventilators, creating a surplus that allowed us to share them with friends and partners all around the globe. We pioneered life-saving treatments, reducing our fatality rate 85 percent since April.
Thanks to our efforts, three vaccines are in the final stage of clinical trials. We are mass-producing them in advance so they can be delivered immediately upon arrival.
We will distribute a vaccine, we will defeat the virus, we will end the pandemic, and we will enter a new era of unprecedented prosperity, cooperation, and peace.
As we pursue this bright future, we must hold accountable the nation which unleashed this plague onto the world: China.
In the earliest days of the virus, China locked down travel domestically while allowing flights to leave China and infect the world. China condemned my travel ban on their country, even as they cancelled domestic flights and locked citizens in their homes.
The Chinese government and the World Health Organization — which is virtually controlled by China — falsely declared that there was no evidence of human-to-human transmission. Later, they falsely said people without symptoms would not spread the disease.
The United Nations must hold China accountable for their actions.
In addition, every year, China dumps millions and millions of tons of plastic and trash into the oceans, overfishes other countries’ waters, destroys vast swaths of coral reef, and emits more toxic mercury into the atmosphere than any country anywhere in the world. China’s carbon emissions are nearly twice what the U.S. has, and it’s rising fast. By contrast, after I withdrew from the one-sided Paris Climate Accord, last year America reduced its carbon emissions by more than any country in the agreement.
Those who attack America’s exceptional environmental record while ignoring China’s rampant pollution are not interested in the environment. They only want to punish America, and I will not stand for it.
If the United Nations is to be an effective organization, it must focus on the real problems of the world. This includes terrorism, the oppression of women, forced labor, drug trafficking, human and sex trafficking, religious persecution, and the ethnic cleansing of religious minorities.
America will always be a leader in human rights. My administration is advancing religious liberty, opportunity for women, the decriminalization of homosexuality, combatting human trafficking, and protecting unborn children.
We also know that American prosperity is the bedrock of freedom and security all over the world. In three short years, we built the greatest economy in history, and we are quickly doing it again. Our military has increased substantially in size. We spent $2.5 trillion over the last four years on our military. We have the most powerful military anywhere in the world, and it’s not even close.
We stood up to decades of China’s trade abuses. We revitalized the NATO Alliance, where other countries are now paying a much more fair share. We forged historic partnerships with Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador to stop human smuggling. We are standing with the people of Cuba, Nicaragua, and Venezuela in their righteous struggle for freedom.
We withdrew from the terrible Iran Nuclear Deal and imposed crippling sanctions on the world’s leading state sponsor of terror. We obliterated the ISIS caliphate 100 percent; killed its founder and leader, al-Baghdadi; and eliminated the world’s top terrorist, Qasem Soleimani.
This month, we achieved a peace deal between Serbia and Kosovo. We reached a landmark breakthrough with two peace deals in the Middle East, after decades of no progress. Israel, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain all signed a historic peace agreement in the White House, with many other Middle Eastern countries to come. They are coming fast, and they know it’s great for them and it’s great for the world.
These groundbreaking peace deals are the dawn of the new Middle East. By taking a different approach, we have achieved different outcomes — far superior outcomes. We took an approach, and the approach worked. We intend to deliver more peace agreements shortly, and I have never been more optimistic for the future of the region. There is no blood in the sand. Those days are, hopefully, over.
As we speak, the United States is also working to end the war in Afghanistan, and we are bringing our troops home. America is fulfilling our destiny as peacemaker, but it is peace through strength. We are stronger now than ever before. Our weapons are at an advanced level like we’ve never had before — like, frankly, we’ve never even thought of having before. And I only pray to God that we never have to use them.
For decades, the same tired voices proposed the same failed solutions, pursuing global ambitions at the expense of their own people. But only when you take care of your own citizens will you find a true basis for cooperation. As President, I have rejected the failed approaches of the past, and I am proudly putting America first, just as you should be putting your countries first. That’s okay — that’s what you should be doing.
I am supremely confident that next year, when we gather in person, we will be in the midst of one of the greatest years in our history — and frankly, hopefully, in the history of the world.
Thank you. God bless you all. God bless America. And God bless the United Nations.
END |
美国国务院 发言人办公室 华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.） 2020年5月22日
国务卿迈克尔·蓬佩奥（MICHAEL R. POMPEO）发表声明
关于中华人民共和国提出对香港强加国家安全法律的问题
美国谴责中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会单方面专横地提出对香港强加国家安全法律一事。这项决定绕过香港已牢固确立的立法程序，无视香港人民的意愿，将导致北京在联合国（UN）存档的协议《中英联合声明》（Sino-British Joint Declaration）中对香港高度自治的承诺消亡殆尽。
香港作为自由的堡垒实现了繁荣。美国强烈要求北京重新考虑这项灾难性的提案，同时遵守其国际义务，尊重香港的高度自治、民主机制和公民自由。这些都是按照美国法律维持其特殊地位的关键。任何决定若侵犯受中英联合声明和基本法保障的香港自治和自由都不可避免地影响我们对“一国两制”和该领土地位的评断。
我们与香港人民站在一起。 | STATEMENT BY SECRETARY MICHAEL R. POMPEO
May 22, 2020
PRC Proposal to Impose National Security Legislation on Hong Kong
The United States condemns the People’s Republic of China (PRC) National People’s Congress proposal to unilaterally and arbitrarily impose national security legislation on Hong Kong. The decision to bypass Hong Kong’s well-established legislative processes and ignore the will of the people of Hong Kong would be a death knell for the high degree of autonomy Beijing promised for Hong Kong under the Sino-British Joint Declaration, a UN-filed agreement.
Hong Kong has flourished as a bastion of liberty. The United States strongly urges Beijing to reconsider its disastrous proposal, abide by its international obligations, and respect Hong Kong’s high degree of autonomy, democratic institutions, and civil liberties, which are key to preserving its special status under U.S. law. Any decision impinging on Hong Kong’s autonomy and freedoms as guaranteed under the Sino-British Joint Declaration and the Basic Law would inevitably impact our assessment of One Country, Two Systems and the status of the territory.
We stand with the people of Hong Kong. |
U.S. and Japan
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿特区
2021年3月16日
媒体通报
美国和日本扩大印度-太平洋经济合作（The United States and Japan Expand Indo-Pacific Economic Cooperation）
在访问东京（Tokyo）期间，国务卿安东尼·布林肯（Antony J. Blinken）与日本外交大臣茂木敏充（Toshimitsu Motegi）再次肯定了美日联盟（U.S.-Japan Alliance）对印度-太平洋（Indo-Pacific）地区以及全球和平、安全与繁荣所具有的极为重要的基石作用。布林肯国务卿和茂木外相对两国在海上安全、朝鲜去核化以及解决绑架案问题和其他安全问题上的继续合作——如“2+2安全磋商委员会联合声明”(Joint Statement of the Security Consultative Committee [2+2])所述——表示欢迎。国务卿和外相还对缅甸发生政变和使用暴力给予谴责，对中华人民共和国扩大专制性和强力行动表示关注，并且同意在上述这些问题上加强同心合作。
深化美日经济合作是两国政府一个共同的关键重点，布林肯国务卿和茂木外相强调了我们在经济事务上为促进自由与开放的印度-太平洋而进行的密切合作和持续的进展，并承诺将把美日两国在气候变化、清洁能源、网络安全、供应链以及2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）等方面的协调更加深化。
气候变化
美国和日本致力于在4月22日领导人气候峰会（Leaders’ Climate Summit）和第二十六届联合国气候变化大会（COP26）召开以前乃至更长远的未来，加强在气候规划和脱碳中的合作。双方将为实现2050年的净零目标以及与2050年目标相应的2030年的具体目标而努力。
清洁能源
美国和日本将运用现有双边和地区机制，并继续开展美日跨机构间的密切合作，以便与印度-太平洋地区的伙伴实现我们在脱碳和气候变化领域中的共同目标。两国还承诺将讨论如何以支付得起和有效的方式，通过美国和日本机构及私人行业的密切协调，向地区伙伴推广采用和配备清洁能源技术。
网络安全
美国和日本将加强目前的美日网络事务对话（U.S.-Japan Cyber Dialogue），以便加倍展开涉及网络威胁的合作和信息交流，同时协同努力，对从事重大恶意网络活动，违背负责任国家网际行为框架的国家追究责任。美国和日本还可以与印度-太平洋地区的国家就能力建设项目加强合作。两国还将共同努力，与国际社会志同道合的成员一道，促进在网络空间的负责任的国家行为。
供应链
鉴于2月24日签署的《关于美国供应链的行政命令》（Executive Order on America’s Supply Chains），美国和日本将通过跨机构对话就共同的要务进行双边接触，以便使美国和日本共同兴趣行业的供应链更有承受力。美国和日本还将利用双边对话，探索与业界接触互动的途径，扩大未来的地区性合作。
COVID-19合作
美国和日本保证，将利用我们的密切合作和对COVID-19的联合反应，进一步协助全球伙伴，帮助同这场疫情作斗争，并且为走向一个可持续的，有韧力的绿色的复元而努力。两国肯定了双方对世卫组织（WHO）、全球疫苗联盟（Gavi）和疫苗全球获取机制（COVAX）等多边努力所给予的有力支持，并将尤其寻求更大机会，与东盟（ASEAN）等伙伴一道，为增强地区能力而联合开展健康安全合作。基于四方伙伴会议的支持，美国和日本重申致力于扩大全球疫苗生产，支持为印度-太平洋地区所需人口接种疫苗。 | The United States and Japan Expand Indo-Pacific Economic Cooperation
MEDIA NOTE
The United States and Japan Expand Indo-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken and Japan’s Minister for Foreign Affairs Toshimitsu Motegi reaffirmed the vital importance of the U.S.-Japan Alliance as the cornerstone of peace, security, and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific region and around the world during Secretary Blinken’s visit to Tokyo. Secretary Blinken and Foreign Minister Motegi welcomed our continued cooperation on maritime security, the denuclearization of the DPRK and the resolution of the abductions issue, and other security issues as stated in the Joint Statement of the Security Consultative Committee (2+2). The Secretary and the Foreign Minister also condemned the coup and use of violence in Burma, expressed concern over the expansion of authoritarian and aggressive actions by the People’s Republic of China, and agreed to strengthen like-minded coordination across these issues.
Deepening U.S.-Japan economic cooperation is a key priority for both governments. Secretary Blinken and Foreign Minister Motegi highlighted our close cooperation and continued progress in promoting a Free and Open Indo-Pacific with regard to economic issues, pledging to deepen U.S.-Japan coordination in the areas of climate change, clean energy, cybersecurity, supply chains, and COVID-19.
Climate Change
The United States and Japan commit to enhancing cooperation on climate ambition and decarbonization in the lead up to the April 22 Leaders’ Climate Summit, COP26, and beyond. The two sides will work towards achieving their 2050 net zero goals and 2030 targets aligned with these 2050 goals.
Clean Energy
The United States and Japan will leverage existing bilateral and regional mechanisms and continue close U.S.-Japan interagency cooperation to meet our shared decarbonization and climate change goals with partners in the Indo-Pacific region. Both countries also commit to discussing ways to expand the adoption and deployment of clean energy technologies to regional partners in an affordable and effective manner through close coordination among U.S. and Japanese agencies and the private sector.
Cybersecurity
The United States and Japan will strengthen the current U.S.-Japan Cyber Dialogue to redouble our efforts on cooperation and information sharing related to cyber threats, as well as collaboration to hold states accountable when they engage in significant malicious cyber activity that violates the framework for responsible state behavior in cyberspace. The United States and Japan can also strengthen cooperation on capacity building programs with countries in the Indo-Pacific region. Both countries also will work together to advance responsible state behavior in cyberspace in conjunction with like-minded members of the international community.
Supply Chains
The United States and Japan will engage bilaterally through interagency dialogue on shared priorities to enhance supply chain resilience in sectors of mutual interest to the United States and Japan in view of the “Executive Order on America’s Supply Chains” signed on February 24. Leveraging the bilateral dialogue, the United States and Japan will also explore ways to engage with industry and to expand future regional cooperation.
COVID-19 Cooperation
The United States and Japan pledge to leverage our close collaboration and joint response to COVID-19 to further assist partners globally to help fight the pandemic and work towards a sustainable, resilient, and green recovery. Both countries recognized their strong support to the multilateral efforts of the WHO, Gavi, and COVAX, and will especially seek greater opportunities for joint health security cooperation to bolster capacity in the region with partners like ASEAN. Under the auspices of the QUAD meeting, the United States and Japan have reaffirmed their commitment to expanding global vaccine manufacturing and supporting vaccination for people in need in the Indo-Pacific. |
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2020年6 月 24日
国务卿迈克尔·蓬佩奥（MICHAEL R. POMPEO）出席2019年度各国恐怖主义问题报告（Country Reports on Terrorism）发布会并发表讲话
新闻简报室
[摘译]
国务卿蓬佩奥：诸位上午好。今天很高兴与大家见面。按照我的惯例，我想先谈谈关于中国的问题。
大家都知道，上星期我在夏威夷（Hawaii）会见了杨洁篪。
我们十分坦率地讨论了中国共产党在多方面无端采取的侵略行为。我敦促他为了全世界的利益在冠状病毒问题上提高透明度。
北京的行为引起我们的关注，但并非只限于我们。我与他讨论了这个问题。我们的朋友和伙伴正发出自己的声音并采取行动抗击中国的恶意活动，特别是在 欧洲。
过去这一个星期，我向欧洲各外长发表了谈话，也在哥本哈根（Copenhagen）的民主论坛发表了讲话。他们明确承认中国对自由世界和法治构成的威胁。
这个星期举行欧洲-中国峰会（EU-China Summit）后，米歇尔（Michel）主席和冯·德·莱恩（von der Leyen）主席对我以往表达的众多关注公开表示响应。
我在会见杨的同时，7国集团（G7）发表声明谴责北京在香港采取的镇压行动。
世界主要电讯运营商，包括西班牙的Telefonica、以及Orange、O2、Jio, Bell Canada、Telus、Rogers等等，都正在成为“Clean Telcos”（清洁的电讯公司），切断与中国共产党基础设施的联系。
他们拒绝与华为等中国共产党监控型国家的工具从事交易。
几天后我将在德国马歇尔基金会（German Marshall Fund）详细谈谈我们如何为巩固欧洲的觉醒进行努力。
这些都是好的开端，但我们必须持之以恒。上星期中国共产党在中非峰会（China-Africa Summit）发表的空洞承诺和令人厌倦的陈词滥调不可能为非洲人民创造他们应该得到的自由和繁荣的未来。
美国还将继续为中国人民仗义执言。上星期，中国共产党当局对人权律师和人权卫士余文生判处4年徒刑。
我们继续要求释放所有因在中国行使个人基本人权和基本自由而被非法监禁的所有人员。
关于中国的最后一个问题，一个积极的方面，你们不要都以为我只会批评他们。
中国共产党提高了对穿山甲的保护，不再列入传统医学获批入药动物的正式名单。我认为这是一个很好的消息。我要求中国共产党对其他濒危物种采取同样的措施，永久关闭高危的生鲜野生动物市场。
* * * *
上星期五，国际原子能机构（IAEA）理事会通过决议，要求伊朗为国际原子能机构核查人员提供他们有义务提供的信息和进入的便利。我感谢总干事格罗西（Director Grossi）及其团队尽职尽责的工作。
伊朗拒绝国际原子能机构核查人员进入，拒绝为国际原子能机构调查潜在的瞒报材料和活动的工作提供合作，使德黑兰（Tehran）的企图及究竟试图隐瞒什么问题受到严重关注。
伊朗拒绝合作完全背离了联合全面行动计划（JCPOA）。这完全取决于伊朗能否履行对保障措施承担的具有约束力的义务。伊朗如果拒不执行，伊朗如果拒不遵守国际原子能机构的义务，国际社会必须准备采取进一步行动。
今天，特别代表胡克（Hook）向联合国安理会（United Nations Security Council）成员简报了我们为防止对伊朗的武器禁运于今年10月到期的问题进行的外交工作。
如果在10月18日不采取行动，伊朗就可以购买先进的武器系统，成为世界各地恐怖主义分子和流氓政权的首选军火商。这决不可接受。
自2007年以来，伊朗始终受到联合国武器禁运的约束。伊朗核协议最大的弊端之一是允许这些限制到期，毫不考虑该政权的行为方式。
我们将向联合国安理会提交的决议将对这个头号支持恐怖的国家延长常规武器的禁运期。
我们目前的重点是要求安理会通过这个决议。但是如果不成功的话，我将提醒全世界，奥巴马（Obama）政府的官员曾十分明确地表示，美国可单方面恢复制裁。
援引两段话，首先来自奥巴马总统。他说，“如果任何时候美国相信伊朗未能兑现其承诺，没有任何国家能阻止我们迅速恢复那些多边制裁”。
接下来是我的前任克里（Kerry）国务卿所说，“如果我们不满意，我们可以到安理会去，而且我们独自”——我们独自——“可以迫使就……迅速恢复那些制裁举行投票”。
安理会的法律选择很清楚。我们最希望的是有一项将延长武器禁运的安理会决议，但是我们决心确保要让武器禁运继续下去。
稍转一下话题，然后我将接受一些提问。我们也在世界各地展现我们是一支向善的力量。这不仅涉及我们面对的危险。上星期，我们追加投放了9,300万美元，加强我们在全球针对冠状病毒病的援助，这使国务院和美国国际发展署（USAID）的援助总额超过13亿美元，超过——针对超过120多个国家。
明天，跨机构领导人将与私人行业的领袖会晤，这是我们叫做Asia EDGE的项目，即亚洲“通过能源增进发展与增长”（Enhancing Development and Growth through Energy）项目的一部分。亚洲的能源需求预计在2040年增长60%。我们对通过改建的发展金融公司（Development Finance Corporation）帮助为这些国家与美国公司配对感到骄傲，这些是帮助满足需要的最佳伙伴。
* * * *
问：……。伊朗总统哈桑·鲁哈尼（Hassan Rouhani）说，伊朗对与美国对谈没有问题，我引述原话“只要美国履行它根据核协议的义务，对其撤出2015年的协议道歉并补偿德黑兰”。先生，你作何反应？
国务卿蓬佩奥：是啊，那没有半点诚意。美国明确表达了我们的期待。我们明确表达了我们的目标。我们要求伊朗伊斯兰共和国像正常国家那样行事。当时机合适时，我们乐意与他们进行对谈，但是，这些像是要让我们给伊朗一堆钱使他们能在全世界滋生恐怖的条件简直是荒唐。本政府不这样行事。
* * * *
问：是的，回到伊朗。你们将要迅速恢复——单方面迅速恢复制裁的威胁再次摆到桌面。这是不是意味着在联合国你们没有你们希望得到的对延长禁运的支持？
国务卿蓬佩奥：我不知道。
问：你为什么不知道？
国务卿蓬佩奥：顺便说一句，那不是威胁。这——我所明确表达的是美国的政策。不可接受的是——不可接受的是，欧洲国家在伊朗境内有设备，进入伊朗，而那可以威胁欧洲人民，是的。从比利时到丹麦的人民都因为对全球最大的恐怖支持国的武器禁运到期而受到威胁。我希望整个世界都接受这样一个论点，即武器禁运需要延长。他们还将是军火商。他们不仅将获取武器系统和从俄罗斯和中国购买高端武器系统，而且他们也将在全世界出售他们的武器系统。这不是——这是一个无赖政权，他们不应具备那种能力，我认为很有希望看到，全世界，当我们达到必须作出这一决定的时候，将达到和美国一样的认识，即让它失效对世界是危险的。
问：我可以接着再问一下吗？
国务卿蓬佩奥：当然，请讲。
问：你说你不知道。这是指你不知道你们在联合国是否有足够的支持，还是指你不知道欧洲国家和俄罗斯和中国将如何行动？
国务卿蓬佩奥：我们正在外面勤奋努力，让所有人都认识到武器禁运失效会有的风险。这对全世界，对地区，的确是危险的。海湾国家也知道这点。对我们正在努力做的有着极大的支持。我认为除个把国家以外，所有国家都理解这不应该失效，对我们如何延长它将会有讨论。
* * * * | REMARKS TO THE PRESS
MICHAEL R. POMPEO, SECRETARY OF STATE
PRESS BRIEFING ROOM
WASHINGTON, D.C.
JUNE 24, 2020
SECRETARY POMPEO: Good morning, everyone. Good to be with you all today. I want to start my remarks, as I often do, on matters relating to China.
As many of you saw, I met with Yang Jiechi last week in Hawaii.
We had a very frank discussion about the Chinese Communist Party’s unprovoked aggression on a number of fronts and I pressed him for more transparency on COVID for the good of the world.
We’re concerned by Beijing’s behavior and we’re not the only ones. And he and I talked about that. Our friends and partners are finding their voice and taking action to counter China’s malign activities, particularly in Europe:
Within the past week, I spoke to EU foreign ministers and also to a democracy forum in Copenhagen. They clearly recognize the threat that China poses to the free world and to the rule of law.
After the EU-China Summit this week, both President Michel and President von der Leyen publicly echoed many of the concerns that I’ve expressed previously.
While I was meeting with Yang, the G7 released a statement condemning Beijing’s crackdown in Hong Kong.
The world’s leading telecom operators – including Spain’s Telefonica, as well as Orange, O2, Jio, Bell Canada, Telus, and Rogers, and many more – are becoming “Clean Telcos.” Disconnecting from the Chinese Communist Party infrastructure.
They are rejecting doing business with tools of the CCP surveillance state, companies like Huawei.
I’ll speak more about how we’re working to consolidate Europe’s awakening to the folks at the German Marshall Fund in just a few days.
It’s all good to start, but we have to keep at it. The empty promises and tired platitudes of the Chinese Communist Party put forth at last week’s China-Africa Summit won’t create the free and prosperous future that the African people deserve.
And the U.S. will keep speaking up for the Chinese people, too. Last week, CCP authorities sentenced human rights lawyer and defender Yu Wensheng to four years in prison.
We continue to call for the release of all of those justly[1] imprisoned in China for exercising their basic human rights and fundamental freedoms.
Last item on China – a positive one, in case you all think I only criticize them:
The CCP is raising the protected status of pangolins and removing them from its official list of animals used for approved traditional medicines. I think that’s great news. I called on the CCP to take similar steps to respond to other endangered species and shut down high-risk wildlife wet markets permanently.
Moving on, today I have Nathan with me. We’re releasing our annual Country Reports on Terrorism. I hope everyone sees that this administration has taken on terrorist threats that other administrations simply downplayed:
We designated the IRGC, including its Qods Force, as a terrorist organization, the first time the authority has ever been used on a foreign government.
We kept pressure on Iranian proxies like Hizballah by encouraging our partners to designate or ban them, as Paraguay, Argentina, and now the United Kingdom did just last year.
Last year, too, we held the first of two ministerials focused specifically on counterterrorism in the Western Hemisphere. No administration has forged closer ties in our hemisphere and alliances working on important problems like counterterrorism as we have done.
The Defeat ISIS Coalition has – remains strong. It has completed the destruction of the so-called physical caliphate in Iraq and Syria.
And thanks to our great U.S. military, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi is dead.
Now, to be clear, there’s still counterterrorism work to do: ISIS and al-Qaida branches and affiliates in Africa; Venezuela and Cuba cozy ties with terrorists; and increasing ELN attacks in Colombia are problems that remain.
But we’re undaunted in our pursuit of bringing terrorists to justice.
I’m pleased today to announce the State Department has increased our reward offer – now up to $10 million – for information about the location of the new leader of ISIS.
Coordinator for Counterterrorism Sales will today spend some time with you working through, talking you through his team’s report. He is here with me to answer all of the questions you have.
I mentioned previously for a moment the Maduro regime. A few comments on Venezuela:
Over the last two weeks, the illegitimate Venezuelan supreme court has decreed a new, regime-aligned electoral commission and stolen the name and branding of two major political parties, replacing their leadership with Maduro’s lackeys.
These are unconstitutional actions. They make a mockery of democratic processes, and the Venezuelan people are fighting to protect those very freedoms that they so richly deserve.
The best pathway out of the Venezuelan crisis is through a broadly acceptable transitional government to administer a free and fair presidential and parliamentary elections.
The Maduro regime has also mismanaged Venezuela’s abundant natural resources to the point that a country with one of the world’s largest oil reserves must import gasoline from Iran.
Today, the United States is sanctioning five Iranian ship captains who delivered around a million and a half barrels of Iranian gasoline to Venezuela in support of the illegitimate Maduro regime.
These captains’ assets will be blocked, and they won’t be able to operate in U.S. waters.
Mariners who do business with Iran and Venezuela will face consequences from the United States of America.
We will continue to support the National Assembly, Interim President Guaido, and the Venezuelan people in their quest to restore democracy.
Turning to another rogue actor, the Islamic Republic of Iran:
Last Friday, the IAEA Board of Governors adopted a resolution calling on Iran to provide the IAEA inspectors the information and access it’s obligated to provide. I want to thank Director Grossi and his team for their faithful work.
Iran’s denial of access to IAEA inspectors and refusal to cooperate with the IAEA’s investigation of potentially undeclared nuclear material and activity raises serious questions about Tehran’s efforts and what it is precisely that they are trying to hide.
Iran’s refusal to cooperate is wholly separate from the JCPOA. This is simply about whether Iran is honoring its own legally binding safeguards obligations. If Iran fails – if it fails to cooperate with the IAEA obligations, the international community must be prepared to take further action.
Today, Special Representative Hook is briefing members of the United Nations Security Council on our diplomacy to prevent the arms embargo from expiring on Iran in October of this year.
Without action, on the 18th of that month, Iran will be able to purchase advanced weapon systems and become the arms dealer of choice for terrorists and rogue regimes all throughout the world. This is unacceptable.
Iran has been under arms restrictions by the United Nations since back in 2007. And one of the greatest failures of the Iran nuclear deal was to allow these restrictions to expire without regard to how the regime behaved.
The resolution that we will present to the UN Security Council would extend the conventional arms embargo on the leading state sponsor of terror.
Our focus now is to work with the Security Council to pass this resolution. But in the event it doesn’t happen, I would remind the world that the Obama administration’s officials said very clearly that the United States has the unilateral ability to snap back sanctions into place.
Two quotes, first from President Obama. He said, “If at any time the United States believes Iran has failed to meet its commitments, no other state can block our ability to snap back those multilateral sanctions.”
And then my predecessor Secretary Kerry said, look, “If we’re not happy, we can go to the Security Council and we alone” – we alone – “can force a vote on… snapping back of those sanctions.”
The legal options in the Security Council are clear. Our great preference is to have a Council resolution that would extend the arms embargo, but we are determined to ensure that that arms embargo continues.
To change gears just a bit and then I’ll take some questions. We also assert ourselves as a force for good throughout the world. It’s not just about the dangers we face. Last week, we released an additional $93 million to boast – boost COVID assistance throughout the world, bringing the State Department and USAID’s assistance total to more than $1.3 billion, more than – across more than 120 countries.
Tomorrow, interagency leaders will convene the private sector counterparts as part of our program called “Asia EDGE” or “Enhancing Development and Growth through Energy.” Asia’s energy demand is projected to increase by 60 percent in 2040. And we’re proud to work through our revamped Development Finance Corporation to help pair up countries with American companies, the best partners for helping meet that need.
Also tomorrow, Senior Advisor to the President Ivanka Trump, Ambassador John Richmond, and I will unveil the 2020 State Department Trafficking in Persons Report. Crushing human trafficking at home and abroad has been a high priority for President Trump and our administration, and you’ll hear plenty more tomorrow about how we will continue to do that.
One last item. As the country begins to reopen, the department is getting our passport team back on the field. In the coming weeks they will aggressively tackle applications that were put on hold because of the pandemic and provide fast and efficient service for Americans that they rightfully expect. I’m now happy to take some questions.
MS ORTAGUS: Hi, Arash.
QUESTION: Hi.
MS ORTAGUS: Welcome.
QUESTION: Thank you.
SECRETARY POMPEO: Hi, good to see you.
QUESTION: Good to see you, too, Mr. Secretary. The Iranian president, Hassan Rouhani, said that Iran has no problem with talks with the United States, and I quote, “only if the United States fulfills its obligations under the nuclear deal, apologizes and compensates Tehran for its withdrawal from the 2015 deal.” Your response, sir?
SECRETARY POMPEO: Yeah, that is not remotely serious. The United States has been clear about our expectations. We’ve been clear about our goals. We ask the Islamic Republic of Iran to behave like a normal nation. We’re happy to engage in conversations with them when the time is right, but the conditions that suggest somehow we give a bunch of money to the Iranians so they can foment terror around the world is simply ludicrous. It’s just not how this administration behaves.
MS ORTAGUS: Michel, go ahead.
QUESTION: Thank you. Good morning, Mr. Secretary. Thank you for doing this.
SECRETARY POMPEO: Good morning.
QUESTION: First, Sudan – or Sudanese foreign minister is saying that the country is nearing a deal with the U.S. regarding compensation for the families and victims of embassies bombing. Is this accurate? Are you close to a deal? On Libya, are you willing to – for a regional conflict in Libya between Turkey and Egypt specifically? And on Lebanon, the Lebanese people are suffering financially, economically, and politically, and there is no solution in the horizon. How do you view the future?
SECRETARY POMPEO: So I’ll take them in reverse order. On Lebanon, we – our policy is very clear. We are fully prepared to support a government that conducts real reforms and operates in a way that is not beholden to Hizballah. When that comes, when the government demonstrates – whoever that is – demonstrates their willingness and capacity to do that, I think not only the United States but the whole world will move in to assist the Lebanese Government, get its economy back on its feet. We’re prepared to do that; it’s the right thing for the Lebanese people. It’s what the protests that are taking place, not only in Beirut but all around Lebanon, are asking for: real reform, real change, a fundamental shift away from Hizballah as the governing power inside of Lebanon.
Second, for Libya. We have worked closely with our European partners to try and get these talks restarted. I was in Berlin now several months back. The mission set remains the same: to get the fighting to stop; to reduce the number of arms flowing there from any place, whether that’s from the Turks, from the Russians, from anyone; to reduce the footprint of the military conflict; and then to find a political solution to resolve, to get a stable, peaceful situation in Tripoli and in Libya more broadly. We’re still hopeful that we can all of those who have an interest there to the table to have these discussions and come to a political resolution.
Your first question was about Sudan. I spoke with the prime minister just a couple of hours ago. We’re working very closely with them to try and come to a solution so that we can get the right outcome for their new leadership and for the Sudanese people. I don’t have any details that I can share with you, only that my team on the ground there is working very closely with the Sudanese leadership to try and get a really good outcome. And I’m hopeful that that will be forthcoming in the weeks ahead.
QUESTION: Thank you.
MS ORTAGUS: Torsten.
QUESTION: Yeah, back to Iran. You put the threat on the table again of the snapback of – unilateral snapback of sanctions. Does that mean you don’t have the support in the UN for an extended embargo that you wish to have?
SECRETARY POMPEO: I don’t know.
QUESTION: Why you don’t know?
SECRETARY POMPEO: By the way, it’s not a threat. The – what I’ve made clear is U.S. policy. It is unacceptable – it’s unacceptable for the Europeans to have equipment inside of Iran, move into Iran, that can threaten the people of Europe, right. People from Belgium to Denmark are at threat because of the expiration of an arms embargo on the world’s largest state sponsor of terror. I’m hopeful that the whole world will accept the proposition that this arms embargo needs to be extended. They’ll be an arms merchant, too. Not only will they take weapon systems and purchase high-end weapon systems from Russia and China, but they’ll sell their weapon systems all across the world too. This is not the – this is a rogue regime, they shouldn’t have the capacity to do that, and I am very hopeful that the whole world, when we come to the point when this decision must be made, that they will come to the same understanding that the United States has, that this is dangerous for the world for this to have expired.
QUESTION: Can I have a follow up on this?
SECRETARY POMPEO: Sure, go ahead.
QUESTION: You said you don’t know. Does it mean you don’t know you have enough support in UN, or does it mean you don’t know how the Europeans and the Russians and the Chinese will act?
SECRETARY POMPEO: We are out working diligently to make sure everybody understands the risk that’s associated with the arms embargo expiring. This is really dangerous for the whole world, for the region. The Gulf states know it too. There’s tremendous support for what it is we’re trying to do. I think all but a couple of nations understand that this should not expire, and there’s going to be a discussion about how it is that we extend it.
MS ORTAGUS: Humeyra, last question.
QUESTION: Hello, Mr. Secretary.
SECRETARY POMPEO: Hi.
QUESTION: Hi. Israel may be annexing parts of the West Bank and Jordan Valley in a week, and Jordan has said annexation could kill its peace treaty with Israel. UAE’s Ambassador to the U.S. Otaiba said it would end any hopes of normalizing relations with the Gulf and Arab states. So my question is: How concerned are you about potential ramifications of annexation? And do you favor an incremental approach or an immediate annexation of 30 percent, as proposed in the White House peace plan? And very quickly, are you trying to discourage or encourage European nations to keep the United States off a list of countries for a travel ban? They said that they’re not looking to open travel with the U.S. when they reopen next month. And how can you argue that given the high rate of COVID here? Thank you.
SECRETARY POMPEO: So as for your second question, we’ve been working with countries all across the world, including our friends in Europe and the EU proper, to determine how it is we can best safely reopen international travel. It’s important for the United States to get Europeans the capacity to travel back to the United States. It’s important, very important for the Europeans to fully reconnect with the American economy as well. I think leaders all across those two places understand the importance of this, and so we’ve been working with them for quite some time on this. I am confident that we will find a set of conditions that create sufficient health and safety protections, sufficient travel opportunity that will get the private sector, that’s important in this too.
We have to make sure that we have all of the elements in place to reopen travel between the EU and the United States. We’re working on finding the right way to do that, the right timing to do it, the right tactics to have in place. We certainly don’t want to reopen a plan that jeopardizes the United States from people traveling here, and we certainly don’t want to cause problems anyplace else. I’m very confident that in the coming weeks we’ll figure that out as between not only the United States and the EU, but the United States and other parts of the world too. The State Department, the Department of Transportation, Homeland Security are all working to develop plans and methods by which we can begin to get global travel back in place.
Your first question was about Israel. We unveiled a Middle East peace vision some number of months ago now, and we’re continuing to work down that path. Decisions about Israeli and extending sovereignty in other places are decisions for the Israelis to make, and we are talking to all of the countries in the region about how it is we can manage this process for our end state objective. It’s, I think, the objective that the prime minister has certainly acknowledged he wants, right. He wants our Middle East peace vision to be successful. The Gulf states have all indicated that they are hopeful that we can put that in place. I regret only that the Palestinian Authority has refused to participate in that, right. They simply have rejected this out of hand. We simply asked that they come to the negotiating table based on what’s outlined in the Vision for Peace, and they have chosen not to. They have chosen to threaten, to bluster, to assert that they’re going to deny the ability to do security – that’s not good for the Palestinian people. It’s dangerous for the people that live in those places too.
What we’ve asked is for them to come together, for Israel and the Palestinian people to come to the table to negotiate a path forward and to find a resolution to this decades-long challenge. I remain hopeful that in the coming weeks we can begin to make real progress towards achieving that.
QUESTION: Thank you, sir.
SECRETARY POMPEO: Thank you all very much. Have a good day.
QUESTION: One more on China?
QUESTION: Thank you.
MS ORTAGUS: If you guys can – we have a little bit of technical difficulties, so we’re going to mike up Nathan.
SECRETARY POMPEO: Thank you, all. Thanks, Nathan.
AMBASSADOR SALES: Thank you, sir.
MS ORTAGUS: So sorry. Just give us a second.
AMBASSADOR SALES: Thanks, Morgan. Thanks, everyone, for being here this morning. I won’t repeat the significant accomplishments that the Secretary highlighted in his announcement, but I do want to emphasize a few key points from the 2019 Country Reports on Terrorism. In short, the United States and our partners took major strides last year to defeat and degrade international terrorist organizations.
In Iraq and Syria, we destroyed ISIS’s so-called caliphate and eliminated its leader. Now we’re taking the fight to ISIS and al-Qaida affiliates around the world, intensifying our efforts to ensure that we are able to protect American lives and American interests globally.
We’re particularly focused on Africa. In 2019, ISIS-affiliated groups were active across the continent, including in the Sahel, the Lake Chad region, and East Africa. [Inaudible due to technical difficulties.]
And with that brief summary, I’d be happy answer some questions.
QUESTION: Hi. Thanks for doing this, Ambassador. Two questions for you. (Inaudible) full report yet, but last year the report talked about ISIS (inaudible) evolving worldwide. I know that you just discussed the caliphate of ISIS being gone in Syria and Iraq, but worldwide what’s the update? Has it grown or has it shrunk since last year?
AMBASSADOR SALES: It’s evolved. We’re seeing a continued evolution in ISIS from a entity that purported to control territory to one that is instead a network, a global network that reaches every inhabited continent. And this network not only plans its attacks on its own, it also continues to inspire individuals to commit attacks of their own devising. And as an example of that, I would refer you to the Easter Sunday attacks in Sri Lanka last year, a gruesome and vivid example of what ISIS-inspired terrorists are capable of doing.
And so as ISIS evolves into a global network that lacks a physical so-called caliphate, it’s important for the United States and our partners to evolve as well in using a different set of tools to get at this challenge. Sometimes military force is the appropriate tool – we saw that in Syria and Iraq – but oftentimes in this new stage of the fight we will be prioritizing law enforcement to prosecute ISIS-affiliated terrorists for the crimes they’ve committed, counterterrorism finance to cut off the flow of money to ISIS and its affiliates around the world, countermessaging so that we can delegitimize the radical ideology that ISIS uses to inspire the next generation of recruits, and border security measures to ensure that ISIS fighters are not able to enter the United States or cross international borders where they could wreak havoc. Thanks.
QUESTION: Can I ask you one question on China?
AMBASSADOR SALES: Yeah.
QUESTION: So the report points out that the Chinese have put together these Uyghur detention camps and it says that, quote, “[the] actual goal that the United States assesses” is that it’s “the repression of religious and ethnic minorities” in these camps. How effective is it to have something like this written in the report to have a stated policy goal of being opposed to these detention camps when there are reports that the President told President Xi that he could keep building these concentration camps?
AMBASSADOR SALES: Look, I’m not going to play the Washington, D.C. rumor mill game. The position of this administration has been clear from the get-go: Religious liberty is one of the most fundamental priorities not only of the United States historically but of this administration, and we have done more than any predecessor to raise the profile of this issue. Ambassador Brownback has launched the International Religious Freedom Alliance, the Vice President has been outspoken on this issue, and religious freedom means religious freedom for all. It means religious freedom for faithful Muslims in China who see their mosques demolished by the CCP. It means religious freedom for faithful Muslims in China who are rounded up and herded into camps purportedly for vocational training. Doctors and professionals don’t need vocational training. Religious freedom is a core American value and this administration is going to continue to advance that value, including in our relations with China.
MS ORTAGUS: Kim.
QUESTION: Ambassador Sales, the UN earlier this year found that al-Qaida in Afghanistan remained close to the Taliban. I don’t see much mention of it here. Are you tracking any division between the two as per the U.S.-Taliban peace agreement?
And then also the update on white extremism, white extremist terrorism. Are U.S. efforts able to combat that, or what needs to happen to check its rise?
AMBASSADOR SALES: Yeah, so let me take that second part first. We are concerned and – as we lay out in the report – remain concerned about a rise in what we call racially or ethnically motivated terrorism since 2015, which was when this global trend really began to intensify. We’re particularly concerned about white supremacist terrorism, and this administration is doing things that no previous administration has done to counter this threat. Last – earlier this year we announced the designation of the Russian Imperial Movement, a St. Petersburg-based white supremacist terrorist group that has trained people to commit acts of terrorism in Scandinavia. This is the first time – it was a historical development because it was the first time the United States has ever used its sanctions tools to confront the threat of white supremacist terrorism.
Of course our fight against white supremacist terrorism globally is not limited to sanctions. That’s – it’s been an important tool, but we have other tools that we’ve been using as well, including some countering violent extremism tools to use former members of white supremacist organizations who have left the movement because they’ve realized the error of their ways. These people are incredibly powerful spokespeople as we seek to connect with vulnerable populations and dissuade those vulnerable populations from going down a dead-end path. We’re using the full suite of counterterrorism tools against white supremacist terrorism that we use against Islamist terrorists like al-Qaida and ISIS.
Speaking of which, your question about al-Qaida in Afghanistan – we’ve been very clear with the American people and with the Taliban that we expect certain conditions to be met as part of our negotiations. We have honored our commitments with respect to troop presence in Afghanistan thus far and we expect the Taliban to honor their commitments to make a clean break from all terrorist organizations. Our end state in Afghanistan is that it can never again be allowed to be a platform for terrorist activity that threatens the U.S. homeland, that threatens our people abroad, or that threatens our allies or interests.
MS ORTAGUS: Said.
QUESTION: Thank you, Morgan, and thank you, Ambassador. Sir, do you think that extrajudicial killing by an occupying force should be considered as a form of state terrorism? The reason I ask you is because yesterday the Israelis killed a young relative of mine, 27 years old, who was doing nothing. So how should such an incident be counted or – counted or classified and how should it be investigated? Thank you.
AMBASSADOR SALES: So I’m very sorry to hear about the loss. Having heard about it now for the first time, I’m not in a position to comment on how to characterize a particular incident, but as a general matter, I can tell you that when – one, it is appropriate and necessary for nations to use force in appropriate circumstances to defend themselves against terrorist threats. Another principle is equally true, and that is when using military force, all nations must comply with the law of armed conflict to ensure that force is only directed at actual combatants, actual threats, and not at innocent civilians.
How those two related principles apply in a given case, I can’t answer that in the abstract, but the U.S. position on the use of force and the need to comply with the law of armed conflict has been clear for decades.
MS ORTAGUS: Robert, go ahead.
QUESTION: Thank you, Morgan. Thank you, Mr. Ambassador. So the State Department issued its determination about Hong Kong in – pursuant to the Hong Kong Policy Act and the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act, and the determination was that Hong Kong was not sufficiently autonomous to enjoy deferential treatment with respect to how the State Department treats China. Just wondering, at what point do we see what action will be taken in line with that determination with respect to Hong Kong?
And a follow-up question is: Our understanding is that there is also supposed to be a separate report on Hong Kong’s export controls, and so we’re wondering when we might see that report. Thank you.
AMBASSADOR SALES: So on the second, I don’t have anything to share with you on that, but if you follow up with us offline, I’m sure we can connect you with the right people who are tracking that.
Hong Kong is – has been a bastion of liberty and Hong Kong’s prosperity is intimately connected to its status as a beacon of liberty. Our policy has been clear and our expectations with the Chinese Communist Party have been clear. China made certain commitments to the UK, it made certain commitments to the world in connection with the Sino-British declaration. We expect China to live up to its commitments. We expect China to honor its word and allow the people of Hong Kong to continue to enjoy the liberties and therefore the prosperity that have made Hong Kong the envy of that part of the world and indeed the rest of the world.
MS ORTAGUS: Carol and then we’ll get Nick, I think – those – the two that haven’t gone yet.
QUESTION: Ambassador, some of the white supremacist groups that you (inaudible) were changed. So would you go after these really international groups that extend into the United States.
AMBASSADOR SALES: So we have a seamless partnership with other agencies that have responsibility for the domestic side of the house. Our authorities at the State Department, as you know, begin and end at the water’s edge, and we are aggressively using our authorities to target foreign groups and foreign individuals regardless of ideology that threaten American lives and threaten American interests. When it comes to investigations or activity here in the United States, I’d refer you to DHS, the Justice Department, and the FBI, all of whose leadership have made it a top priority to address this rising threat of white supremacist terrorism or other forms of violence. This is a priority that this administration has put at the top of the queue. As I said, this trend began in 2015, but it took several years. It took this administration coming into power to really prioritize stepping up efforts against this threat here in the case of the FBI and DHS, but also abroad where this department comes into play.
MS ORTAGUS: Nick, go ahead.
QUESTION: Thank you, Ambassador. Thanks, Morgan. Can I go back to Afghanistan and then one quick one on Syria and Iraq? To Kim’s particular question, have you seen ongoing connections between al-Qaida and the Taliban as part of this report?
And on Syria and Iraq, you mentioned that there are places where you’re working on law enforcement with ISIS, and of course with the military. Does the report detail how ISIS took advantage of some political vacuums in Iraq and some of the protests in Iraq in order to expand? And how is the U.S. countering that mostly with the military, but if you could expand on it?
AMBASSADOR SALES: Sure. On Afghanistan, I can’t comment on any intelligence matters, but our position is not a secret. It’s not a secret to you or the American people, nor is it a secret to the Taliban. We expect the Taliban to live up to the commitments they have made, including a break from any terrorist organization that operates in Afghanistan that could threaten the United States. We’ll be monitoring very closely to ensure that the Taliban does in fact live up to its commitments and its obligations under the agreement.
With respect to ISIS in Iraq, we’ve, as I said, destroyed the caliphate – as the Secretary said, destroyed it in its entirety, but the ISIS threat still remains. And so we have to be very mindful of the need to keep up the pressure. I’ve talked about ISIS networks around the world and it is true with respect to those networks, but we also have to keep our eye on the ball in Iraq, in Syria to prevent any ISIS remnants from reconstituting to prevent them from continuing attacks.
And so we work with partner forces on the ground, we work with the D-ISIS Coalition, we work with the Iraqi Government to make sure that we’re able to use the full suite of national tools of power to get at that threat.
MS ORTAGUS: Quickly, Arash, last one.
QUESTION: Mr. Ambassador, just doing a quick research on the report that you just released, and I noticed that the Islamic Republic of Iran has been mentioned 109 times in your report. Is it fair to say that the Islamic Republic of Iran poses the biggest threat when it comes to terrorist activities around the world to United States? And in part of that report, it talks about the connection between Iran and al-Qaida operatives. What evidence do you have to show that Iran is helping or harboring al-Qaida operatives?
AMBASSADOR SALES: Thanks for the question. It’s difficult to rank order the terrorist threats that we face. We have to take them all seriously and we do take them all seriously, whether it’s ISIS or al-Qaida or whether it’s Iran. Of particular concern when it comes to Iran is the fact that it is a state; it has the capabilities and it has the resources of a state. And when you introduce the concept of state sponsorship, the additional resources, the additional capabilities that an SST like Iran can bring is a reason for severe concern, and we’re seeing the results of that all around the world. Last year, we saw – or the year before, we saw a series of Iranian plots to commit assassinations in the heart of Western Europe. We see Iran bankrolling terrorists in the Middle East to include Hizballah, Shia militia groups in Iraq that are responsible for attacks on American personnel there, diplomats and soldiers alike, and that are also involved last year in ruthlessly suppressing peaceful political protests in Iraq.
A hundred and nine times? I’m surprised it wasn’t 110 given the scope of Iranian terrorist malignancy around the world. There was another question in there that I —
QUESTION: About the linkage between al-Qaida and Iran.
AMBASSADOR SALES: Ah, right. And so when you see Iranian fingerprints on so many different terrorist groups around the world, it shouldn’t come as a surprise that Iran would also have connections to al-Qaida. I can’t comment on intelligence matters, but what we have said publicly in the past is that after 9/11, Iran failed to comply with its obligations to take into custody and extradite for prosecution al-Qaida operatives who were linked to the attacks.
More recently, we have said publicly that Iran has allowed al-Qaida operatives freedom of movement within Iran to enable the movement of fighters and money into conflict zones in neighboring countries.
If Iran wants to rejoin the community of responsible nations, here is a start: Crack down on the terrorists that caused 9/11. Crack down on the terrorist proxies that foment violence around the world.
MS ORTAGUS: Okay. Thank you.
QUESTION: Thank you.
MS ORTAGUS: And thanks, everybody. Have a good day.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
[1] unjustly |
拜登总统悼念50余万名因新冠肺炎而过世的美国人
总统：我每天都拿到一张小卡片，放在口袋里，和我的行程表放在一起。卡片上写着因感染或死于新冠肺炎的美国人数。今天，这个数字爬升到令人悲伤、心碎的阶段：死亡人数达500,071名。一年来因疫情丧生的美国人数超过一战、二战和越战里丧生的美国总人数。我们因病毒失去的生命比世界上任何国家都还要多。
当我们认识到美国所失去的生命是如此之多时，我们追念每一个逝去的生命和他们在世间的日子。他们是我们认识的人。他们是我们觉得熟悉的人。去看看那些讣闻和悼文。那个做儿子的，每晚打电话向母亲问安。那个做女儿的，照亮了父亲的生命。那个做为挚友的，始终相伴。那个做护士的，还不只一位，让她所照顾的病患有求生的意志。
我最近到密歇根州卡拉马祖的一间辉瑞疫苗制造厂。我进去时遇到了一名男士，他的岳父因感染病毒而生命垂危。他很伤心。我问他是否可以给他岳父打个电话。他说他的岳父病入膏肓，无法说话。他接着问我是否可以为他岳父祷告。
我们都认识这样的人，那些一生不断奋斗、有理想、有希望的美国人。那些彻夜长谈他们梦想的；那些穿着制服为国家效命的；那些奉献他们的爱，为人祷告，总是随时伸出援手的。
我们经常听到人们被形容是“普通美国人”。没有这一回事，他们一点都不普通。我们所失去的性命都是不平凡的。他们来自不同世代。有的生于美国；有的移民美国。但是就这样，这么多人在美国孤独地咽下了最后一口气。
做为一个国家，面对如此残酷的命运，我们不能束手待毙。虽然我们对抗疫情为时已久，但是对这些哀痛，我们绝不能变得麻木不仁。我们不能把生命只看作统计数字，只是晃眼云烟，或只是新闻内容。必须如此我们才能对得起逝者，同样重要的是，才能照顾活着的人和那些被留在身后的生者。
对于生者的心情，我太理解了，我知道见不到最后一面的感受。我知道当你随伺一旁，紧握他们的手的心情。你眼睁睁的看着他们的生命消逝。你的胸口似乎有个黑洞，而你感觉整个人就像被吸了进去一样。那是生者的哀痛。愤怒。你的心灵对信仰产生怀疑。
对你们有些人，这也许是一年前、一个月前、一周前、一天前、甚至一小时前才发生的事。我知道当你看到餐桌旁空着的椅子时，一切记忆再次涌现，无论那是多久前发生的事，好像所有的事情都发生在你看到那张空着的椅子的那一刹那。没有他们的生日、纪念日、假日。日常的一切，林林总总、芝麻小事，都是你最想念的。打开衣橱时的那个味道。经过以前会一起漫步的公园。你们相遇的电影院。早晨一起分享的咖啡。他笑起来时弯弯的嘴角。她的盈盈笑声。
去年复活节时，我收到一封一个做女儿的信，她的父亲因新冠肺炎去世。她和孩子们，也就是她父亲的孙辈们，心情沉重地开始四旬节，一个反思和重新出发的节日。因为无法好好哀悼，她在信中问我，“在这么多重重的失去中，我们丧失了什么?”
这就是残忍的地方。这么多可以抚慰我们的仪式，可以帮着我们对逝者致意的仪式，都无法进行。亲人相随身旁的临终祈祷。丧礼之后追悼逝者生前轶事和思念的聚会。部落首领过世却无法在圣地上举办最终的神圣文化传统。
做为一个国家，我们不能也不可如此继续下去。这就是为什么在我就职前夕，在国家大草坪的倒影池的新冠疫情逝者悼念会上，我说到要愈合。要能追念，才能愈合。我知道很难。我可以向你打包票，我知道很难，因为我记得。但是那样才能愈合：你必须要追念铭记。同样重要的是，整个国家要一起来做。
对那些失去至亲的人，我所学到的是：他们从未真正逝去。他们会永远在你的心中。我还知道，也许很难相信，但是我向你打包票：终会有那么一天，当你想起挚爱的人的时候，嘴角的微笑会比眼眶中的泪珠先出现。会的。我向你保证。不过，我会替你祷告，祷告那天尽早来到。到那时，你会知道，你会没事的。你会没事的。
对我而言，度过哀伤和悲痛的方法是找到一个使命。我不知道你们当中有多少不久前失去至亲的人曾经问过自己：“他们以我为荣吗？这是他们想要我做的事吗？”我知道这是我的感受。我们可以找到使命—一个能荣耀逝者的有生之年，对得起我们挚爱的国家的使命。
因此今天，我请所有美国人都追念铭记：对于逝者和生者，念兹在兹。但是当我们追念铭记，所有人都缅怀时，我也要请各位付诸行动。要持续小心谨慎，保持社交距离，戴上口罩，轮到你接种疫苗就接种。我们必须杜绝分裂家庭、社区、国家、造成太多人丧生的政治操弄和虚假信息。因病毒而丧生的不是民主党人或共和党人。是我们同为美国人的同胞。是我们的邻居、我们的朋友、我们的母亲、我们的父亲、我们的儿子、我们的女儿、丈夫、妻子。
作为国人，作为美利坚合众国，我们必须齐心打这一仗。我向你保证，这是我们唯一能战胜这病毒的方法。唯一能减少伤痛和失去的方法，唯一使我们国家不会再一次悲痛地面对这些数字的方法。不要让它成为我们跌得多重，而是让它成为我们如何爬起来的故事。我们做得到的。
在这一个充满失去的年度里，我们看到你们所有在前线的人的傲骨勇气。我知道你们所承担的压力、重挫和悲伤。但是你们给我们希望。你们帮我们打气。你们提醒我们，我们是会彼此照顾的。我们绝不会丢下任何人不管。虽然我们有所不足，但是我们从未放弃。我们是美国人。我们做的到，也会做到。
再过几分钟，吉尔和我，卡玛拉和道格，将在白宫–人民之家，你们的家–默哀。请各位和我们一起追念，让我们能够愈合，找到未来的使命，证明黑暗中仍有光明。
这个国家会重现欢笑。这个国家会再看到阳光灿烂的日子。这个国家会再次欢天喜地。当我们做到时，我们会想起每一个逝去的生命，他们所度过的日子，他们所留下挚爱的人。我们会挺过来的，我保证。但是我为你们心痛，为你们每位正在苦苦度过的人心痛。
愿上帝保佑所有人，特别是那些痛失亲人好友的人。上帝保佑你们。 | Remarks by President Biden on the More Than 500,000 American Lives Lost to COVID-19
Cross Hall
6:01 P.M. EST
THE PRESIDENT: Each day, I receive a small card in my pocket that I carry with me in my schedule. It shows the number of Americans who have been infected by or died from COVID-19. Today, we mark a truly grim, heartbreaking milestone: 500,071 dead. That’s more Americans who have died in one year in this pandemic than in World War One, World War Two, and the Vietnam War combined. That’s more lives lost to this virus than any other nation on Earth.
But as we acknowledge the scale of this mass death in America, we remember each person and the life they lived. They’re people we knew. They’re people we feel like we knew. Read the obituaries and remembrances. The son who called his mom every night just to check in. The father’s daughter who lit up his world. The best friend who was always there. The nurse — the nurse and nurses — but the nurse who made her patients want to live.
I was in — just in Kalamazoo, Michigan, at the Pfizer vaccine manufacturing facility. There, I met a man when I walked in, whose father-in-law was dying of the virus. He was sad. I asked if I could call his father-in-law. He said his father-in-law was too sick to speak. But then he said, but could I pray for him — could I pray for him.
We all know someone — fellow Americans who lived lives of struggle, of purpose, and of hope. Who talked late into the night about their dreams; who wore the uniform, born to serve; who loved, prayed, and always offered a hand.
We often hear people described as “ordinary Americans.” There’s no such thing; there’s nothing ordinary about them. The people we lost were extraordinary. They spanned generations. Born in America. Immigrated to America. But just like that, so many of them took final breath alone in America.
As a nation, we can’t accept such a cruel fate. While we have been fighting this pandemic for so long, we have to resist becoming numb to the sorrow. We have to resist viewing each life as a sta- — as a statistic or a blur or on the news. And we must do so to honor the dead, but equally important, care for the living and those left behind.
For the loved ones left behind, I know all too well — I know what it’s like to not be there when it happens. I know what it’s like when you are there, holding their hands. There’s a look in your eye, and they slip away. That black hole in your chest, you feel like you’re being sucked into it. The survivor’s remorse. The anger. The questions of faith in your soul.
For some of you, it’s been a year, a month, a week, a day, even an hour. And I know that when you stare at that empty chair around the kitchen table, it brings it all back, no matter how long ago it happened, as if it just happened that moment you looked at that empty chair. The birthdays, the anniversaries, the holidays without them. And the everyday things — the small things, the tiny things — that you miss the most. That scent when you open the closet. That park you go by that you used to stroll in. That movie theater where you met. The morning coffee you shared together. The bend in his smile. The perfect pitch to her laugh.
I received a letter from a daughter whose father died of COVID-19 on Easter Sunday last year. She and her children — his grandchildren — enter Lent this season, a season of reflection and renewal, with heavy hearts. Unable to properly mourn, she asked me in the letter, “What was our loss among so many others?”
Well, that’s what has been so cruel. So many of the rituals that help us cope, that help us honor those we loved, haven’t been available to us. The final rites with family gathered around. The proper homegoing, showered with stories and love. Tribal leaders passing [with]out the final traditions of sacred cultures on sacred lands.
As a nation, we cannot and we must not let this go on. That’s why the day before my inauguration, at the COVID-19 Memorial at the Reflecting Pool on the National Mall, I said to heal — to heal, we must remember. I know it’s hard. I promise you, I know it’s hard — I remember. But that’s how you heal: You have to remember. And it’s also important to do that as a nation.
For those who have lost loved ones, this is what I know: They’re never truly gone. They’ll always be part of your heart. I know this, as well — and it seems unbelievable, but I promise you: The day will come when the memory of the loved one you lost will bring a smile to your lips before a tear to your eye. It will come. I promise you. My prayer for you though is that day will come sooner rather than later. And that’s when you know you’re going to be okay — you’re going to be okay.
And for me, the way through sorrow and grief is to find purpose. I don’t know how many of you have lost someone a while ago and are wondering, “Is he or she proud of me now? Is this what they want me to do?” I know that’s how I feel. And we can find purpose — purpose worthy of the lives they lived and worthy of the country we love.
So today, I ask all Americans to remember: Remember those we lost and those who are left behind.
But as we remember — as we all remember, I also ask us to act. To remain vigilant, to sa- — stay socially distanced, to mask up, get vaccinated when it’s your turn. We must end the politics and misinformation that has divided families, communities, and the country, and has cost too many lives already. It’s not Democrats and Republicans who are dying from the virus. It’s our fellow Americans. It’s our neighbors and our friends — our mothers, our fathers, our sons, our daughters, husbands, wives.
We have to fight this together, as one people, as the United States of America. That’s the only way we’re going to beat this virus, I promise you. The only way to spare more pain and more loss — the only way these millstones [sic] no longer mark our national mourning — these milestones, I should say — no longer mark our national mourning. Let this not be a story of how far we fell, but of how far we climbed back up. We can do this.
For in this year of profound loss, we have seen profound courage from all of you on the frontlines. I know the stress, the trauma, the grief you carry. But you give us hope. You keep us going. You remind us that we do take care of our own. That we leave nobody behind. And that while we have been humbled, we have never given up. We are America. We can and will do this.
In just a few minutes, Jill and I, Kamala and Doug, will hold a moment of silence here in the White House — the People’s House, your house. We ask you to join us to remember, so we can heal; to find purpose in the work ahead; to show that there is light in the darkness.
This nation will smile again. This nation will know sunny days again. This nation will know joy again. And as we do, we will remember each person we’ve lost, the lives they lived, the loved ones they left behind. We will get through this, I promise you. But my heart aches for you — those of you who are going through it right now.
May God bless you all, particularly those who have lost someone. God bless you.
6:11 P.M. EST |
美国驻华使团暂停常规签证服务
自2020年2月10日起，北京美国驻华大使馆和美国驻成都、广州、上海和沈阳总领事馆的常规签证服务暂停。由于目前新型冠状病毒相关的情况，美国驻华大使馆和总领事馆的人员非常有限，可能无法回应有关常规签证服务的请求。
虽然可以提供一些有限的紧急预约，但有意申请的申请人应注意，2月2日星期日发布了总统公告，对在抵达美国之前的14天之内曾前往中国的个人暂停入境。更多公告的内容可以在我们的网站上找到：https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/ea/Presidential-Proclamation-Coronavirus.html.
在此期间如果你需要紧急出行，并认为你的出行符合此公告规定的豁免资格，请访问https://ustraveldocs.com/cn/index.html提交紧急预约申请。请注意，如果你的紧急出行不符合豁免资格，那么在此公告解除之前，你的请求将被拒绝。 | Mission China Regular Visa Services Temporarily Suspended
As of February 10, 2020, regular visa services at the U.S Embassy in Beijing and the U.S. Consulates General in Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Shenyang are suspended. Due to the ongoing situation relating to the novel coronavirus, the U.S. Embassy and Consulates have very limited staffing and may be unable to respond to requests regarding regular visa services.
While some limited emergency appointments may be available, intending applicants should note that on Sunday, February 2, a Presidential Proclamation was issued that suspended entry for individuals who have been in China less than 14 days prior to their arrival in the U.S. More information about the Proclamation can be found on our website here: https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/ea/Presidential-Proclamation-Coronavirus.html.
If during this period you have urgent travel that you believe may qualify for an exemption under the proclamation, please go to https://ustraveldocs.com/cn/index.html to submit an emergency appointment request. Please note if your urgent travel does not qualify under an exemption, your request will be denied until the proclamation is rescinded. |
布林肯国务卿与乌克兰外长库列巴的通话
2022年1月11日美国东部标准时间下午4:24
发言人办公室
以下内容来自发言人内德·普赖斯：
安东尼·J·布林肯（Antony J. Blinken）国务卿今天与乌克兰外长德米特罗·库列巴（Dmytro Kuleba）通话。国务卿和乌克兰外长注意到对俄罗斯在乌克兰及其周边地区正在进行的无端军事集结的共同关切，在日内瓦美俄战略稳定对话之后以及明天在布鲁塞尔举行的北约-俄罗斯理事会会议之前，双方讨论了成果和下一步措施。布林肯国务卿还分享了对1月13日在维也纳举行的欧安组织常设理事会会议的期望。国务卿重申支持外交方式作为唯一负责任的前进道路，以及不会在没有乌克兰参与的情况下进行事关乌克兰的实质性讨论。他重申，如果俄罗斯选择进一步冲突的道路，美国和我们的盟友及伙伴准备好了让俄罗斯的经济付出巨大代价，增强北约在前线盟友国家的存在，并增加对乌克兰的防御性援助。 | Secretary Blinken’s Call with Ukrainian Foreign Minister Kuleba
READOUT
OFFICE OF THE SPOKESPERSON
JANUARY 11, 2022
The below is attributable to Spokesperson Ned Price:
Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken spoke today by phone with Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba. Noting shared concerns regarding Russia’s ongoing and unprovoked military build-up in and around Ukraine, the Secretary and Foreign Minister discussed outcomes and next steps following the U.S.-Russia Strategic Stability Dialogue in Geneva and in advance of the NATO-Russia Council meeting in Brussels tomorrow. Secretary Blinken also shared expectations for the January 13 OSCE Permanent Council meeting in Vienna. The Secretary reaffirmed his support for diplomacy as the only responsible path forward, and that no substantive discussions would occur about Ukraine, without Ukraine. He reiterated that if Russia chooses the path of further conflict, the United States and our Allies and partners are prepared to impose enormous costs on Russia’s economy, to reinforce NATO’s presence in frontline Allied states, and to increase defensive assistance to Ukraine. |
《反对在国与国关系中任意拘押宣言》发表一周年
美国国务卿安东尼·布林肯
2022年2月15日
一年前，美国与志同道合的国家一道发出了毫不含糊的信息，即任意拘押外国国民是不可接受的，从事这种行为的政府必须立即停止。
美国继续呼吁国际社会集体作出回应，并敦促释放世界各地所有被任意拘押的人。我们赞扬加拿大领导打击将监禁个人作为外交手段的做法。《反对在国与国关系中任意拘押宣言》现已在世界各地获得68个国家的支持，我们敦促其他各方支持这一根植于法治和尊重人权的倡议。 | First Anniversary of the Declaration Against Arbitrary Detention in State-to-State Relations
PRESS STATEMENT
ANTONY J. BLINKEN, SECRETARY OF STATE
FEBRUARY 15, 2022
One year ago, the United States joined like-minded nations in sending an unambiguous message that the arbitrarily detention of foreign nationals is unacceptable and governments who engage in this practice must cease immediately.
The United States continues to call on the international community to collectively respond and press for the release of all those who are arbitrarily detained around the world. We commend Canada for its leadership in the fight against the practice of imprisoning individuals for diplomatic leverage. The Declaration Against Arbitrary Detention in State-to-State Relations now has 68 endorsements from nations around the world, and we urge others to support this initiative grounded in the rule of law and respect for human rights. |
联邦投票协助计划（FVAP）和国务院网站关于缺席投票是提供给在海外居住的美国人的最新的投票信息资源。请访问这些网站了解关于登记和投票的截至日期和步骤。
在海外居住的美国公民通常需要每年登记一次，即需要您邮寄联邦选举登记卡（FPCA）以便您有资格获得缺席选举的选票。联邦投票协助计划（FVAP）推荐每年1月份为11月的选举提交联邦选举登记卡。如需开始，请登陆联邦投票协助计划（FVAP）网站。
美国大使馆或领事馆可以协助您： | Voting Message for 2020 General Election (released on August 14, 2020)
The Federal Voting Assistance Program and the Department of State’s page on Absentee Voting Information are the most up-to-date voting information resources for Americans living abroad. Please visit these websites to learn about deadlines and procedures for registering and voting.
Overseas U.S. citizens usually need to register every year, which means mailing in your Federal Post Card Application (FPCA) so that you’re eligible to receive an absentee ballot. The Federal Voting Assistance Program (FVAP) recommends submitting FPCAs in January for November elections. To get started, visit the Federal Voting Assistance Program (FVAP) website. |
美国东部时间2022年9月22日上午8：54
发言人办公室
2022年9月23日，安东尼·J·布林肯国务卿将在于纽约举行的第77届联合国大会期间与中华人民共和国国务委员兼外交部长王毅举行会晤。国务卿将与中国国务委员兼外长讨论一系列多边和全球事项。这是我们为保持开放的沟通渠道和负责任地管理竞争而进行的持续努力的举措。 | 09/22/2022 08:54 AM EDT
Office of the Spokesperson
Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken will meet with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi on September 23, 2022, in New York City on the margins of the 77th UN General Assembly. As part of our ongoing efforts to maintain open lines of communication and manage competition responsibly, the Secretary will discuss a range of bilateral and global issues with the PRC State Councilor and Foreign Minister. |
2020年11月1日美国东部标准时间上午08:59
美国国务院发言人摩根·奥特葛斯
自由的媒体对于知情的公民至关重要。举例来说，欣欣向荣的媒体可以揭露腐败、曝光人权侵犯行为以及在危机期间为公众提供至关重要的信息。在许多地方，发挥这一必要作用的记者面临遭到企图镇压新闻自由和表达自由的威权政权和犯罪组织攻击的风险。自世纪之交以来，世界各地有1500多名记者被杀害，而且在超过85%的案件中，行凶者没有得到惩罚。
世界各地的记者还面临滋扰、威胁、任意拘押以及出于政治目的的起诉。在COVID-19大流行期间，在中国、委内瑞拉、伊朗等地的威权政府以COVID-19为借口，威胁、拘押和攻击记者。女性记者更是面临特定的风险，包括网络人身攻击、对声誉的污蔑以及其他基于性别的威胁和暴力。
政府对此类针对记者的侵害和犯罪不加以矫正，还实施侵害，这是助长有罪不罚。非政府组织将中国、朝鲜和土库曼斯坦列为世界上新闻自由状况最糟糕的国家，而叙利亚和墨西哥则属于最危险的。根据“保护记者委员会”的信息，与其他国家相比，中国、土耳其、沙特阿拉伯和埃及因为记者的报道而将其监禁的现象更多。
在终止针对记者犯罪不受惩罚现象国际日，美国呼吁各国政府在威胁、攻击和谋杀发生时对此进行独立透明的调查；对助长恶劣对待记者行径的警方做法进行改革；同时废除限制记者表达自由的法律与做法。 | 11/01/2020 08:59 AM EST
Morgan Ortagus, Department Spokesperson
A free press is essential to an informed citizenry. A vigorous press can, for instance, expose corruption, shine a light on human rights abuses, and provide the public essential information during crises. In many places, journalists fulfilling this necessary role risk attacks by authoritarian regimes and criminal organizations seeking to clamp down on press freedom and freedom of expression. More than 1,500 journalists have been killed worldwide since the turn of the century, and in more than 85 percent of cases, the killers go unpunished.
Journalists around the world also face harassment, threats, arbitrary detentions, and politically motivated prosecutions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, authoritarian governments in China, Venezuela, Iran, and elsewhere have used COVID-19 as an excuse to threaten, detain, and attack journalists. Female journalists face specific risks, including cyber trolling, reputational slander, and other gender-based threats and violence.
Governments enable impunity by failing to redress these abuses and crimes against journalists, and by committing abuses as well. Nongovernmental organizations rank China, North Korea, and Turkmenistan among the worst countries in the world for press freedom, while Syria and Mexico are among the most dangerous. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, China, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt imprison more journalists for their reporting than other countries.
On this International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists, the United States calls for governments to undertake independent and transparent investigations into threats, attacks, and murder when they occur; reform police practices that enable mistreatment of journalists; and abolish laws and practices limiting their freedom of expression. |
2020年9月3日美国东部夏令时间上午 11:48
迈克尔·R·蓬佩奥国务卿
今天，美国国务院根据13846号行政令的第3(a)(ii)条对五家实体实施制裁，他们在知情的情况下参与涉及购买、收购、销售、运输和营销伊朗石油或石油产品的大交易。美国国务院还根据13846号行政令的第5(a)(ii)条对三名个人实施制裁，他们担任被制裁实体的首要管理人员或承担类似首要管理人员的职能和职权。
伊朗的石油行业是伊朗政权的一项主要收入来源，并为该政权在中东各地的恶意活动提供资金。我们今天的行动再次确认了美国对于剥夺伊朗政权获得助长恐怖主义和其他破坏稳定的活动所需的资金来源的决心。我们再一次呼吁该政权停止通过剥削伊朗的自然资源来制造混乱和破坏的方式损害伊朗人民的繁荣。
今天被制裁的实体是伊朗的阿巴丹（Abadan）炼油公司；中国的上海智航船舶管理有限公司、新达国际物流有限公司和中能航运有限公司；以及阿联酋的Chemtrans石化贸易有限公司。今天受到制裁的个人是：新达员工石敏；中能员工林作友；阿巴丹员工Alireza Amin。
美国财政部也对六家实体实施了制裁，因为他们为众祥石化有限公司–一家于2020年1月被财政部和国务院列为制裁对象的实体–提供支持以及从事相关活动。这些位于伊朗、阿联酋以及中国的实体帮助众祥继续参与销售伊朗石化产品，包括众祥对其参与销售合同的隐瞒或以其他方式进行的遮掩。这些实体是：伊朗的扎格罗斯（Zagros）石化公司；阿联酋的Petrotech FZE （位于阿联酋沙迦哈姆利亚自由区）和Trio Energy DMCC公司；以及设在香港的中国实体晶浩科技有限公司、Dynapex Energy Limited和丁林有限公司。
了解有关被制裁实体的更多信息，请参阅美国财政部新闻稿。 | PRESS STATEMENT
MICHAEL R. POMPEO, SECRETARY OF STATE
SEPTEMBER 3, 2020
Today, the Department of State imposed sanctions on five entities under section 3(a)(ii) of Executive Order (E.O.) 13846 for knowingly engaging in a significant transaction for the purchase, acquisition, sale, transport, or marketing of petroleum or petroleum products from Iran. The Department of State also imposed sanctions under section 5(a)(vii) of E.O. 13846 on three individuals who serve as principal executive officers of the sanctioned entities, or perform similar functions and with similar authorities as a principal executive officer.
Iran’s petroleum industry is a major source of revenue for the Iranian regime and funds its malign activities throughout the Middle East. Our actions today reaffirm the United States’ commitment to denying the Iranian regime the financial resources it needs to fuel terrorism and other destabilizing activities. We call on the regime yet again to stop undermining the Iranian people’s prosperity by exploiting Iran’s natural resources to sow chaos and destruction.
The entities sanctioned today are Iran-based Abadan Refining Company; China based Zhihang Ship Management CO Ltd., New Far International Logistics LLC and Sino Energy Shipping Ltd.; and United Arab Emirates (UAE) based Chemtrans Petrochemicals Trading LLC. The individuals sanctioned today are: Min Shi, employee of New Far; Zuoyou Lin, employee of Sino Energy; and Alireza Amin, employee of Abadan.
The Department of the Treasury also imposed sanctions on six entities for their support to Triliance Petrochemical Co. Ltd., an entity designated by Treasury and State in January 2020, and for related activities. These entities, based in Iran, UAE, and China, support Triliance’s continued involvement in the sale of Iranian petrochemical products, including efforts by Triliance to hide or otherwise obscure its involvement in sales contracts. These entities are: Iranian company Zagros Petrochemical Company; UAE-based Petrotech FZE (located in the Hamriya Free Zone, Sharjah, UAE) and Trio Energy DMCC; and Hong Kong-based Chinese entities Jingho Technology Co. Limited, Dynapex Energy Limited, and Dinrin Limited.
All entities targeted today continued to facilitate Iran’s export of petroleum, petroleum products, and petrochemicals contrary to U.S. sanctions. This is another reminder that the United States will not waver in its commitment to sanctions enforcement. Our sanctions will remain in place until Iran changes its behavior.
For more information about the sanctioned entities, please see the Department of the Treasury press release. |
Secretary Michael R. Pompeo Excerpts from Remarks to the Press
迈克尔·R·蓬佩奥国务卿 媒体讲话摘译 2019年11月26日 新闻发布厅
华盛顿DC
来讲一下中国共产党。我们都看到了最近几天曝光的“新疆文件”。这些文件详述了该中国政党在新疆对维吾尔人和其他穆斯林少数群体成员的残酷拘押和系统性打压。
这些报道与难以否认并且越来越多的证据一致，这些证据表明中国共产党正在针对被大规模拘押的人士犯下侵犯和践踏人权的行径。
我们呼吁中国政府立即释放所有被任意拘押的人，并终止它在新疆恐吓其自己公民的严酷政策。
不仅仅穆斯林是最大的——是中国共产党对付的目标。基督教徒、藏人和其他少数群体也感受到了中国共产党打压的高压手段。
……
关于中国的另外一个话题，我们祝贺香港人民在11月24日举行的自由、公平且和平的区议会选举。
美国继续支持“一国两制”框架保证的香港的民主价值观、基本自由权，以及香港人民的愿望。
至于香港，我认为本政府已经相当清楚表明我们对于北京要如何对待他们全国人民的期待。我们的人权标准用于世界各地，香港也不例外。此外，在香港，有中国政府作出的承诺，该承诺是其维持一国两制义务的一部分。这是我们在继续努力的方向。
国会现在已采取行动。既然现在到了总统那里，我不会在他不久后要做的事情之前就先说什么。但足以说，我认为本政府的政策已经相当明确，我们仍然坚定地鼓励中国共产党继续坚持他们所作的承诺。我想你们在过去的这一周从香港人民那里看到了这一点。这也是他们所要求的，即继续保持在国际法之下所承诺的认识。
……
我认为现在的情况是这样的，你们会看到世界各地更多的国家将认知那里正在发生的事，并与美国一道努力为新疆人民创造空间并改善人权条件。我抱有希望，这些文件——这些文件的发布会鼓励其他人加入在我们看来是非常重要的成果，我们正试图实现这一成果。 | Secretary Michael R. Pompeo Excerpts from Remarks to the Press November 26, 2019 Press Briefing Room
Washington, D.C.
Turning to the Chinese Communist Party. We’ve all seen the “Xinjiang Papers” released in recent days. They detail the Chinese party’s brutal detention and systematic repression of Uighurs and members of other Muslim minority groups in Xinjiang.
These reports are consistent with an overwhelming and growing body of evidence that the Chinese Communist Party is committing human rights violations and abuses against individuals in mass detention.
We call on the Chinese Government to immediately release all those who are arbitrarily detained and to end its draconian policies that have terrorized its own citizens in Xinjiang.
It’s not just Muslims that are the largest – that are the target of the CCP’s hostility. Christians, Tibetans, and other minority groups have also felt the CCP’s heavy hand of repression.
…
On a different note regarding China, we congratulate the people of Hong Kong on free, fair, and peaceful district council elections on the 24th of November.
The United State continues to support democratic values, fundamental freedoms in Hong Kong as guaranteed by the “one country, two systems” framework, and aspirations of the Hong Kong people.
As for Hong Kong, I think the administration has been pretty clear about our expectations about how Beijing will treat people throughout their country. We have human rights standards that we apply all across the world, and Hong Kong is no different. In addition, in Hong Kong we have the commitments that the Chinese Government made as part of their obligations to maintain one country and two systems. That’s what we’re continuing to work towards.
Congress has now taken action. Since it’s before the President, I won’t get out in front of what he will do before too long. But suffice to say, I think the administration’s policies have been pretty unambiguous, and our support for the Chinese Communist Party’s continued commitment to the promises that they made remains unwavering. And I think you saw that from the people of Hong Kong this past week. That’s what they’re asking for, too, the continued maintenance of the understandings that were committed to under international law.
…
I think it’s the case now that you’ll see many more countries around the world acknowledging what’s taking place there and working alongside of the United States to create space and improve human rights conditions for the people of Xinjiang. I’m hopeful that those papers – the release of those papers will encourage others to join in what we view as a very important outcome that we’re trying to achieve. |
STATEMENT BY SECRETARY MICHAEL R. POMPEO On the 50th Anniversary of Earth Day
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿特区
2020年4月22日
国务卿迈克尔·蓬佩奥发表声明纪念地球日50周年
今天，美国庆祝第一个地球日（Earth Day）诞生50周年。美国对在促进清洁水和空气、保护自然资源和保护自然的同时，在国内外推动经济发展和增进对自然灾害的抵御能力方面所发挥的国际领导作用感到骄傲。由于有我们富于创新的私人行业，美国也是让公民享有清洁实惠的能源并向其他国家提供安全能源的国际领袖。
值此地球日，我们也要强调指出走私野生动物的危险后果。出售供人食用的活野生动物的市场是野生动物走私的热点，造成产生和传播疾病的风险，并且可能对冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行起了重大作用。值此地球日，我们呼吁中华人民共和国和其他国家永久关闭活的野生动物市场，这将减少在中国国内外给人类健康带来的风险，有助于阻止对走私的野生动物和野生动物产品的消费。我们呼吁所有政府加入我们的努力，打击和结束走私野生动物的祸害。
尽管我们正在同冠状病毒病流行疫情进行搏斗，但是，这是美国环保和科学成就突出的非凡的一年。我们向庆祝成立50周年的美国环境保护局（U.S. Environmental Protection Agency）和国家海洋和大气管理局（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration）表示祝贺。我们表彰美国国家航空航天局的全球学习观察以利环境项目（NASA’s Global Learning and Observation to Benefit the Environment，缩写 [GLOBE]），今年是它促进全球学生和公民科学家为全球环保作出有意义贡献的25周年。美国将继续与国际伙伴合作，为后代留下一个更美好的美国和更美好的世界。 | Michael R. Pompeo, Secretary of State
Today, the United States observes the 50th anniversary of the first Earth Day. The United States is proud of its record as a world leader in promoting clean water and air, conserving natural resources, and protecting nature while driving economic growth and fostering resilience to natural disasters at home and abroad. The United States is also a world leader in providing clean and affordable energy to our citizens and providing secure energy to other countries, thanks to our innovative private sector.
On this Earth Day, we also underscore the dangerous consequences of wildlife trafficking. Wildlife “wet markets,” in which live species are sold for human consumption, are hotspots for wildlife trafficking, create risks for the generation and spread of diseases, and may have played a critical role in the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. On this Earth Day, we call on the People’s Republic of China and other countries to close wildlife wet markets permanently, a move that would reduce risks to human health inside and outside of China and discourage the consumption of trafficked wildlife and wildlife products. We call on all governments to join our efforts to combat and put an end to the scourge that is wildlife trafficking.
Even as we battle the COVID-19 pandemic, it is an extraordinary year to highlight U.S. environmental and scientific achievements. We congratulate the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as they celebrate their 50th anniversaries. We recognize NASA’s Global Learning and Observation to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) program as it celebrates 25 years of students and citizen scientists around the world contributing meaningfully to our global environment. The United States will continue to partner internationally to leave a better America and a better world for future generations. |
国务卿布林肯和国防部长奥斯汀与日本首相菅义伟会谈
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区
2021年3月16日
以下是发言人内德·普赖斯（Ned Price）发布的消息：
今天，国务卿安东尼·布林肯（Antony J. Blinken）和国防部长劳埃德·奥斯汀（Lloyd J. Austin III）在东京（Tokyo）会见日本首相菅义伟（Yoshihide Suga）。国务卿布林肯、国防部长奥斯汀和日本首相菅义伟强调美日联盟（U.S.-Japan Alliance）仍然是印度-太平洋（Indo-Pacific）地区和平、安全和繁荣的基石。他们讨论了在全球重要事务上的合作，包括加强民主，解决朝鲜民主主义人民共和国核威胁的问题，COVID-19冠状病毒疫情后的复苏，保护全球卫生安全和抗击气候危机等。国务卿布林肯和国防部长奥斯汀重申美国毫不动摇地承诺按照双方安保条约第5条保护日本，其中包括尖阁列岛（Senkaku Islands），同时美国仍然反对任何单方面改变东中国海（East China Sea）现状的行为。 | Secretary Blinken and Secretary Austin’s Meeting with Japanese Prime Minister Suga
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Office of the Spokesperson
________________________________________
For Immediate Release
READOUT
The below is attributable to Spokesperson Ned Price:
Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken and Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III met today with Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga in Tokyo. Secretary Blinken, Secretary Austin, and Prime Minister Suga highlighted that the U.S.-Japan Alliance remains the cornerstone of peace, security, and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific region. They discussed cooperation on global priorities including strengthening democracy, addressing the DPRK nuclear threat, recovering from COVID-19, protecting global health security, and addressing the climate crisis. Secretary Blinken and Secretary Austin reaffirmed the United States’ unwavering commitment to the defense of Japan under Article V of our security treaty, which includes the Senkaku Islands, and that the United States remains opposed to any unilateral attempts to change the status quo in the East China Sea.
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2021年8月29日 美国东部夏令时间下午05:20
发言人办公室
以下来自发言人内德·普赖斯:
安东尼·J·布林肯国务卿今天与中华人民共和国国务委员兼外交部长王毅通话，谈论国际社会要求塔利班对他们就阿富汗人和外国国民的通行安全和旅行自由所做的公开承诺负责的重要性。 | 08/29/2021 05:20 PM EDT
Office of the Spokesperson
The below is attributable to Spokesperson Ned Price:
Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken spoke today with PRC State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi about the importance of the international community holding the Taliban accountable for the public commitments they have made regarding the safe passage and freedom to travel for Afghans and foreign nationals. |
拜登总统就与乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔‧泽连斯基通话发表声明
2022年2月24日
泽连斯基总统今晚与我取得联系，我们刚刚通过话。我谴责俄罗斯军队发动这场无端和无理的攻击。我向他通报了我们正在开展哪些举措——包括今晚在联合国安理会上——来联合国际社会共同进行谴责。泽连斯基总统请我呼吁世界各地的领导人明确发声反对普京总统的悍然进犯并与乌克兰人民站在一起。明天，我将与七国集团首脑举行会晤，美国与我们的盟友和伙伴将对俄罗斯施以严厉制裁。我们将继续为乌克兰及其人民提供支持和援助。 | Statement by President Joe Biden on Phone Call with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy of Ukraine
FEBRUARY 24, 2022•STATEMENTS AND RELEASES
President Zelenskyy reached out to me tonight and we just finished speaking. I condemned this unprovoked and unjustified attack by Russian military forces. I briefed him on the steps we are taking to rally international condemnation, including tonight at the United Nations Security Council. He asked me to call on the leaders of the world to speak out clearly against President Putin’s flagrant aggression, and to stand with the people of Ukraine. Tomorrow, I will be meeting with the Leaders of the G7, and the United States and our Allies and partners will be imposing severe sanctions on Russia. We will continue to provide support and assistance to Ukraine and the Ukrainian people.
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2021年8月9日 美国东部夏令时间上午08:03
美国国务卿安东尼·J·布林肯
联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的最新报告清楚表明：气候变化是一场已经到来的危机。
今天，美国加入IPCC近200个成员政府的行列批准专门委员会第六次评估报告中的第一工作组报告。这是IPCC第六次评估四份一系列的报告中的第一卷。本报告评估气候变化的自然科学——审视过去、现在和未来的气候，并揭示人类造成的排放正如何改变我们的星球以及这对于我们共同的未来意味着什么。
本报告强调，由于人类的影响，我们的气候正在快速发生变化，并且已经在以剧烈的方式改变我们的星球——北极海冰处于150多年来的最低水平；海平面现在上升的速度比过去至少3000年间的任何时候都要快；而冰川退化的速度是至少2000年来前所未有的。天气和气候事件——诸如极端高温、强降雨、火情以及干旱——因为气候变化而变得更加严重和频繁。我们目睹这些事件给世界各地人们的生活和生计造成的不利影响。
最重要的是，报告指出我们已逐渐挨近增温1.5摄氏度更暖的世界，而且一天天排放量增加，扭转气候变化最坏影响的前景就变得更加暗淡。 这就是为什么所有国家——特别是主要经济体——必须在21世纪20年代这个关键的十年中尽自己的努力，使世界步上控温1.5摄氏度以内的轨道上。 这就是为什么美国承诺到2030年将排放量在2005年的水平上减少50-52%，并动员整个联邦政府来应对气候危机。 我们不能再拖延具有雄心的气候行动了。
在各国筹划将在格拉斯哥举行的第26届联合国气候变化大会（COP26）之际，这份报告严酷地提醒我们，必须让科学推动我们采取行动。 这一刻需要世界各国领导人、私营部门和所有人刻不容缓共同行动，在这个十年和之后，尽一切努力保护我们的星球和我们的未来。 | 08/09/2021 08:03 AM EDT
Antony J. Blinken, Secretary of State
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) newest report makes it clear – climate change is already a crisis.
Today, the United States joined nearly 200 IPCC member governments in approving the Working Group I contribution to the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report. This is the first volume in a series of four reports that the IPCC will release for the Sixth Assessment. This report evaluates the physical science of climate change – looking at the past, present, and future climate and revealing how human-caused emissions are altering our planet and what that means for our collective future.
The report highlights that our climate is rapidly changing due to human influence and is already altering our planet in drastic ways – Arctic sea ice is at its lowest level in more than 150 years; sea levels are rising faster than at any time in at least the last 3,000 years; and glaciers are declining at a rate unprecedented in at least 2,000 years. Weather and climate events – such as extreme heat, heavy rainfall, fire conditions, and droughts – are becoming more severe and frequent because of climate change. We are seeing the detrimental impacts of these events on the lives and livelihoods of people around the world.
Most importantly, the report finds we are already edging closer to a 1.5 degrees Celsius warmer world, and every day emissions rise the prospects for averting the worst impacts of climate change become dimmer. This is why it is essential that all countries – in particular the major economies – do their part during this critical decade of the 2020s to put the world on a trajectory to keep a 1.5 degrees Celsius limit on warming within reach. This is why the United States has committed to a 50-52 percent reduction in emissions from 2005 levels in 2030 and is marshaling the entire federal government to tackle the climate crisis. We cannot delay ambitious climate action any longer.
As countries prepare for the 26th UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, this report is a stark reminder that we must let science drive us to action. This moment requires world leaders, the private sector, and individuals to act together with urgency and do everything it takes to protect our planet and our future in this decade and beyond. |
美味的美国夏日水果
加州油桃、加州哈斯鳄梨和新鲜的美国蓝莓现已在中国上市。让我们听听布兰斯塔德大使是怎么说的！ | Delicious U.S. Fruits for the Summer
California nectarines, California Hass avocados, and fresh U.S. blueberries are now available in China. Let’s hear more from Ambassador Branstad! |
事件：自美国东部时间 1 月 5 日 凌晨12点零1分起，美国疾病控制与预防中心 (CDC) 将要求从中华人民共和国（PRC）（包括香港和澳门特别行政区）出发飞往美国的两岁及以上的旅客提供出发前两天内进行的新冠病毒阴性检测证明或者90天内新冠康复证明。 此要求也适用于从仁川国际机场、温哥华国际机场或多伦多皮尔逊国际机场登机前往美国且在过去十天内有中国（包括香港或澳门特别行政区）旅居史的乘客。
这项公共卫生政策基于中国新冠病毒感染病例激增以及出现新冠病毒新变种的风险而制定的。 了解最新的 COVID-19旅行指南，请关注美国驻华使团网站U.S. Mission China、美国驻香港和澳门总领事馆网站U.S. Consulate General Hong Kong & Macau以及 CDC 的旅行健康信息网页CDC’s Travel Health Information。
这些要求适用于所有航空旅客，无论其疫苗接种状况或国籍为何。 这也将适用于从中国出发通过第三国转机的人员以及通过美国转机前往其他目的地的乘客。 乘客必须向航空公司出示以下其中一项文件，否则将面临被拒绝登机的风险：
只有在非常有限的情况下，当必须进行紧急旅行以保护某人的生命或健康免受严重威胁或危险时，才会免除这些检测要求。 联系 CDC 了解例外情况的标准。
如果您不确定此要求是否适用于您，并且您最近去过中国（包括香港特别行政区或澳门特别行政区），我们鼓励您在登上飞往美国的航班前两天内进行 COVID-19 检测。
采取行动：
协助：
电话：+(86)(10) 8531-4000
非工作时段紧急电话：+(86)(10) 8531-4000
邮箱：[email protected]
网址：https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/
电话：+(86)(20) 3814-5775
非工作时段紧急电话：+(86)(10) 8531-4000
邮箱：[email protected]
电话：+(86)(21) 8011-2400
非工作时段紧急电话：+(86)(10) 8531-4000
电子邮箱：[email protected]
电话：+(86)(24) 2322-1198
非工作时段紧急电话：+(86)(24) 2322-1198
邮箱：[email protected]
电话：+(86)(27) 8555-7791
非工作时段紧急电话：+(86)(10) 8531-4000
邮箱：[email protected]
电话：(852) 2841-2211
非工作时段紧急电话：(852) 2523-9011
电子邮件：[email protected] | Event: On January 5, at 12:01 ET, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) will require a negative COVID-19 test result (taken within two days of departure) or proof of recovery from the virus (within the last 90 days) for all travelers aged two years and older to the United States on flights originating from the People’s Republic of China (PRC), including the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau. This requirement also applies to individuals boarding a flight to the United States from Incheon International Airport, Vancouver International Airport, or Toronto Pearson International Airport who have been in the PRC, including the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong or Macau, within the past ten days.
This public health policy is due to the surge in COVID-19 cases in the PRC and the risk of the emergence of a new viral variant. Monitor the websites for the U.S. Mission China, the U.S. Consulate General Hong Kong & Macau, and the CDC’s Travel Health Information page for the latest COVID 19- travel guidance.
These requirements apply to all air passengers regardless of vaccination status or nationality. This will also apply to persons traveling from the PRC via third country transit and to passengers connecting through the United States onward to further destinations. Passengers must show one of the following to the airline or risk being denied boarding:
Only in very limited cases will an exception to these testing requirements be granted when emergency travel must occur to protect someone’s life or health from a serious threat or danger. Contact the CDC for criteria on exceptions.
If you are uncertain whether this requirement applies to you and you have recently traveled to the PRC, including Hong Kong SAR or Macau SAR, you are encouraged to take a COVID-19 viral test within two days of boarding a flight to the United States.
Actions to Take:
Assistance: |
讲话
迈克尔·蓬佩奥国务卿
喜来登酒店（SHERATON HOTEL）
埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴（ADDIS ABABA）
[节选]
* * * *
埃塞俄比亚与美国两国有着长期友好关系。这是我们在非洲第二悠久的外交关系。上世纪三十年代和四十年代，美国在埃塞俄比亚主权受到威胁时，对埃塞俄比亚给予了坚定支持。我们是当时这样做的为数不多的国家之一。今天，华盛顿特区（Washington, D.C.）拥有非洲以外最大规模的埃塞俄比亚海外侨民社区，我们非常喜欢他们。
我们的关系为我们在安全事务上的合作奠定了有力基础。非洲角（Horn of Africa）是一个相当危险的地带。我们今天下午重新承诺，共同打击青年党（al-Shabaab）和其他伊斯兰恐怖主义。
* * * *
对安全方面的投资带来稳定，使埃塞俄比亚公民和其他国家公民能够生活繁荣兴旺。与此同时，阿比（Abiy）总理的改革正在推动发展，并鼓励美国企业到埃塞俄比亚扩展。埃塞俄比亚有利商务的环境使美国公司感到这是受欢迎的地方，例如，可口可乐（Coca-Cola）和PVH集团，后者拥有著名的时装品牌Calvin Klein和Tommy Hilfiger——它们都在向这里扩展。今天，有更多的美国公司想进入这里，投资人对一切都感兴趣。
美国作为合作伙伴的价值不仅限于我们所制作的东西的质量。我们交往的含义是合作。我们投资于人民，将全球健康和赋予经济能力放在首位。我们的投资支持透明和主权。我们的公司也是这样，它们雇用当地人，埃塞俄比亚人。我们作为经济投资中的向善力量的历史是无可非议的。
今天也同样。我高兴地宣布，美国将追加提供800万美元资金，支持埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚和索马里的区域抗蝗虫行动。
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……关于冠状病毒。我们一向努力作出正确的决定。就这些游轮来说，决策过程是复杂的。所以，我不知道我们是否有必要改变我们的指导标准，但是我们将对这些作仔细评估。即使是在旅途中，我也一直跟踪和监视情况，以便我们努力每次都作出正确判断，不仅保护美国人民，而且，作为一个国家，尽我们的最大可能帮助世界所有人。
我今天在大使馆会晤了我们疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的人员。我们在非洲正在进行的工作有重要意义。就在我进来的时候，我听说现在非洲这里报告出现了更多病例。我们要确保我们作出正确判断，我们要尽一切可能确保在一切有风险的地方——在缺少扎实强大的医疗或公共卫生基础设施的国家——美国将提供重要援助。我们计划将提供价值至少一亿美元的支持，帮助全球各地的国家，包括中国。我们对此感到骄傲。
我们希望世界将团结起来，共同对应我们面临的这个对公共健康极具挑战性的问题。我们希望每一个掌握信息的国家——这包括中国——将完全公开和透明。派遣医疗专家进入费了太久时间。我们但愿这能做得更快些。但是我们抱有希望，将看到中国政府增加透明度和继续分享这一信息。现在这是一个全球规模问题，非常需要每一个国家都以给全球各地公民降低风险的方式采取行动。
* * * * | Secretary Michael R. Pompeo And Ethiopian Foreign Minister Gedu Andargachew At a Press Availability
Michael R. Pompeo, Secretary of State
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Sheraton Hotel
[Excerpts]
* * * *
Ethiopia is America’s long and warm relationship with the country. It’s our second-oldest diplomatic relationship in Africa. In the 1930s and ’40s, the United States staunchly backed Ethiopian sovereignty when it was under threat. We were one of the few countries to do so then. Today, Washington, D.C. is home to the largest Ethiopian diaspora community outside of Africa, and we love them.
Our relationship provides a strong foundation for our cooperation on matters of security. The Horn of Africa is a pretty dangerous neighborhood. We recommitted this afternoon to our shared fight against al-Shabaab and other Islamist terror.
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Investments in security provide the stability that allow Ethiopian citizens and citizens of other nations to flourish. At the same time, Prime Minister Abiy’s reforms are driving growth and encouraging American business to expand right here in Ethiopia. Ethiopia’s business-friendly climate has made it a welcome place for American companies like Coca-Cola and PVH, the makers of iconic brands like Calvin Klein and Tommy Hilfiger – they’re all expanding here. Today, more American businesses are looking to get in, and investors are interested in everything.
America’s value as a partner goes beyond the quality of what we make. Partnership defines our very engagement. We invest in people and prioritize global health and economic empowerment. Our investments uphold transparency and sovereignty. Our companies, too, employ local people, Ethiopians. Our track record of being a force for good when we invest economically is unchallenged.
Today, too, I am pleased to announce the United States is providing $8 million in additional funding to support regional locust control operations in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia.
* * * *
You then asked a question, a couple parts, about coronavirus. Look, we’re always trying to make sure we get decisions right. With respect to these cruise ships, there are complicated decision-making processes. So I don’t know that we’re going to look to change our guidelines necessarily, but we will evaluate these closely. I’ve been tracking this and monitoring it even during my travels to make sure that we try to get it right every time, to not only protect the American people but to do all that we can as a country to help everyone in the world.
I was with our CDC folks in our embassy today. The work that we’re doing right here in Africa is important. I heard just as I came in that there are now more reported cases here in Africa. We need to make sure that we’ve got that right and we’re doing everything we can to make sure that every place there’s risk – in countries where there isn’t a deep, strong healthcare or public health infrastructure – the United States is providing important assistance. We’ve got plans to put in place at least $100 million worth of support to countries all around the world, including to China. We’re proud of that.
We hope that the world will unite against what is this really challenging public health problem that faces us. We hope that every country that has information – this includes China – will be completely open and transparent. It took us too long to get the medical experts into country. We wish that could have happened more quickly. But we are hopeful that the Chinese Government will increase its transparency, will continue to share this information. This is now a problem that is of global scale, and it’s important that every nation state act in a way that is consistent with reducing risk to citizens all across the world.
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简报
新闻发言人办公室
2020年2月15日
以下是发言人摩根·奥特葛斯的发言：
迈克尔·R·蓬佩奥国务卿今天在慕尼黑安全会议间隙与日本外相茂木敏充及大韩民国外长康京和举行了三方会晤。蓬佩奥国务卿、康外长和茂木外相重申了在朝鲜问题上的密切合作，并就协调应对冠状病毒疫情和其他全球安全关切进行了讨论。他们还强调了美韩及美日联盟作为印太战略的重要组成部分对安全与繁荣的重要性，并进一步指出，三边合作对确保地区稳定和平至关重要。 | Secretary Michael R. Pompeo’s Meeting with Japanese Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi and Republic of Korea Foreign Minister Kang Kyung-wha
READOUT
OFFICE OF THE SPOKESPERSON
FEBRUARY 15, 2020
The following is attributable to Spokesperson Morgan Ortagus:
Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo met today with Japanese Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi and Republic of Korea Foreign Minister Kang Kyung-wha in a trilateral meeting on the margins of the Munich Security Conference. Secretary Pompeo, Foreign Minister Kang, and Foreign Minister Motegi reaffirmed close cooperation on the DPRK and discussed a coordinated response to the coronavirus outbreak and other global security concerns. They also emphasized the importance of the U.S.-ROK and U.S.-Japan Alliances to security and prosperity as a key part of the Indo-Pacific Strategy, adding further that trilateral cooperation is essential to ensuring stability and peace in the region. |
白宫
华盛顿特区
2022 年 5 月 8 日
1.今天，5 月 8 日，我们七国集团 (G7) 领导人与乌克兰和更广泛的国际社会一道，纪念第二次世界大战在欧洲的结束以及从法西斯和纳粹恐怖统治下的解放，这场浩劫造成了无法估量的破坏、无法形容的恐怖和人类苦难。我们哀悼千百万受害者，并向所有为击败纳粹政权付出努力的人表示敬意，包括西方盟国和苏联，特别是那些为此献出生命的人。
2.七十七年后，普京总统和他的政权现在选择入侵乌克兰，对一个主权国家发动无端的侵略战争。他的行为使俄罗斯及其人民的历史性牺牲蒙受耻辱。自 2014 年以来，通过对乌克兰的入侵和其他行动，俄罗斯违反了基于规则的国际秩序，尤其是二战后为免于后世再遭战祸而制定的《联合国宪章》。
3.今天，乌克兰总统沃洛德米尔·泽连斯基和我们在一起，我们为此感到荣幸。我们向他保证，我们将全力声援和支持乌克兰勇敢地捍卫其主权和领土完整，在其国际公认的边界内为和平、繁荣和民主的未来而斗争，并享有我们许多人今天享有的自由。
4.泽连斯基总统强调了乌克兰维护其主权和领土完整的坚定决心。他表示，乌克兰的最终目标是确保俄罗斯军队和装备从乌克兰全境全面撤出，并确保其未来的自我保护能力。他感谢七国集团成员的支持。在这方面，乌克兰强调，它依靠其国际伙伴，特别是七国集团成员，在国防能力领域提供必要的援助，以确保乌克兰经济迅速有效地复苏，确保其经济和能源安全。乌克兰已与国际伙伴就可行的战后和平解决方案的安全机制展开讨论。面对俄罗斯的全面入侵、关键基础设施的大规模破坏以及乌克兰出口的传统航运路线中断所带来的挑战，乌克兰继续致力于与 G7 成员密切合作，促进乌克兰的宏观经济稳定。泽连斯基总统指出，他的国家致力于维护我们共同的民主价值观和原则，包括尊重人权和法治。
5.今天，我们七国集团向泽连斯基总统再次保证，我们继续随时准备做出进一步承诺，帮助乌克兰确保其自由和民主的未来，以便乌克兰不仅现在能够自卫，而且在未来能够阻止侵略行为。为此，我们将继续向乌克兰武装部队提供军事和国防援助，继续支持乌克兰保护其网络免受网络事件的影响，并扩大我们的合作，包括在信息安全方面的合作。我们还将继续支持乌克兰加强其经济和能源安全。
6.自战争开始以来，我们七国集团与国际社会一道，在财政和物质方面提供支持，为 2022 年及以后提供和承诺的援助已经超过 240 亿美元。在接下来的几周内，我们将共同加强短期金融支持，帮助乌克兰消除资金缺口并为其人民提供基本服务，同时与乌克兰当局和国际金融机构合作，制定支持长期恢复和重建的方案。在这方面，我们欢迎国际货币基金组织设立乌克兰多捐助方管理账户，也欢迎欧盟宣布设立声援乌克兰信托基金。我们支持世界银行集团对乌克兰的一揽子支持计划和欧洲复兴开发银行的一揽子灾难恢复计划。
7.我们呼吁所有合作伙伴加入我们的行列，为乌克兰人民和难民提供支持，帮助乌克兰重建未来。
8.我们再次谴责俄罗斯对乌克兰无端、无理和非法的军事侵略，以及对平民和民用基础设施的不加区分的袭击，这场侵略在欧洲心脏地带造成了可怕的人道主义灾难。我们对俄罗斯的行动对乌克兰造成的大规模人员伤亡、对人权的侵犯和对设施的破坏感到震惊。
9.在任何情况下，平民和未实际参加敌对行动的人都不能成为袭击的合法目标。我们将不遗余力地根据国际法追究普京总统和包括白俄罗斯卢卡申科政权在内的这次侵略的始作俑者和共犯的责任。为此，我们将继续与我们在世界各地的盟友和合作伙伴一起努力。我们重申支持为确保全面问责所做的一切努力。我们欢迎并支持正在进行的调查和收集证据工作，包括国际刑事法院检察官、联合国人权理事会授权的独立调查委员会和欧洲安全与合作组织专家的工作。
10.我们进一步谴责俄罗斯力图以非法政权取代民选乌克兰地方政府。我们不会承认这些践踏乌克兰主权和领土完整的举动。
11.我们将继续回击俄罗斯刻意使用的旨在混淆国际——包括俄罗斯——公众视听、妄图掩盖俄罗斯政权战争罪责的虚假信息战略。
12.我们前所未有的整套协调制裁，通过限制俄罗斯的金融渠道及其达到目标的能力，已经使俄罗斯的侵略行动遭受重挫。这些限制措施已经给俄罗斯经济各行业带来重大影响——金融、贸易、国防、技术和能源——随着时间的推移，还将给俄罗斯造成更大压力。我们将继续让普京政权为发动这场无理战争付出沉重和直接的经济代价。我们共同致力于以符合我们各自法律授权和程序的方式采取下列措施：
a.首先，我们致力于逐步结束对俄罗斯能源的依赖，包括逐步停止或禁止进口俄罗斯石油。我们将确保用及时和有序的方式这样做，并且让世界有时间获得其他供应来源。与此同时，我们将共同努力，并且与我们的伙伴一道，确保世界能源供应的稳定与持续和消费者价格可支，包括加速减少我们对煤炭燃料的总体依赖，并基于我们的气候目标向清洁能源转型。
b.第二，我们将采取措施，禁止或防止向俄罗斯提供其所依赖的关键服务。这将加重俄罗斯所有经济行业的孤立。
c.第三，我们将继续针对与国际经济相连并对俄罗斯金融系统整体十分关键的俄罗斯银行采取行动。我们已经通过制裁俄罗斯中央银行及其一些最大的金融机构，严重限制了俄罗斯为其侵略战争集资的能力。
d.第四，我们将继续作出努力，反击俄罗斯政权散布的宣传。有声誉的私人公司不应给俄罗斯政权或充实俄罗斯战争机器的附庸带来收入。
e.第五，我们将继续而且加强针对支持普京总统的战争和挥霍俄罗斯人民资源的金融权贵及其家庭成员所采取的行动。我们将以符合我们国家授权的方式，对更多个人实行制裁。
13.我们继续与国际伙伴合作，邀请他们与我们站在一起并采取类似行动，包括防止逃避、规避和回填制裁。
14.普京总统的战争正在扰乱全球经济，影响全球的能源、化肥和粮食供应安全，以及全球供应链的总体运转。最脆弱的国家受到的影响最严重。我们正在与全球伙伴共同加强努力，抵御这场战争带来的这些不利和有害影响。
15.普京总统对乌克兰的战争正在给全球粮食安全造成严重压力。我们与联合国一道，呼吁俄罗斯基于其国际承诺，停止封锁和其他一切阻碍乌克兰粮食生产和出口的活动。不这样做将被视为是对世界粮食供给的攻击。我们将加大努力，帮助乌克兰继续进行针对下一收获季节的生产和出口，包括采用其他途径。
16.作为对联合国全球危机应对小组（United Nations Global Crises Response Group）的支持，我们将通过一个全球食品安全联盟（Global Alliance for Food Security），致力解决全球粮食危机的根源和后果，它将是一项旨在保障相关势头和协调以及其他各种努力的联合行动计划。我们将与七国集团以外更广泛的国际伙伴和机构密切合作，旨在将政治承诺转化为各项国际倡议计划——如粮农韧力使命（Food and Agriculture Resilience Mission）——的具体行动和重要的地区推广行动计划，包括面向非洲和地中海国家。我们重申，我们对制裁目标有谨慎的把握，不使之影响运送人道援助或农产品贸易，并且重申我们的承诺，不会实施影响最脆弱人口的食品出口限制。
17.在这个艰难时刻，在乌克兰人民追求民主和繁荣未来之际，七国集团和乌克兰休戚与共。不让普京总统赢得对乌克兰的战争继续是我们一致的坚定决心。我们要牢记在第二次世界大战中为自由拼搏的所有人，继续在今天为自由而战，为乌克兰人民，为欧洲，为全世界。
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/05/08/g7-leaders-statement-2/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。 | MAY 08, 2022•STATEMENTS AND RELEASES
a. First, we commit to phase out our dependency on Russian energy, including by phasing out or banning the import of Russian oil. We will ensure that we do so in a timely and orderly fashion, and in ways that provide time for the world to secure alternative supplies. As we do so, we will work together and with our partners to ensure stable and sustainable global energy supplies and affordable prices for consumers, including by accelerating reduction of our overall reliance on fossil fuels and our transition to clean energy in accordance with our climate objectives.
b. Second, we will take measures to prohibit or otherwise prevent the provision of key services on which Russia depends. This will reinforce Russia’s isolation across all sectors of its economy.
c. Third, we will continue to take action against Russian banks connected to the global economy and systemically critical to the Russian financial system. We have already severely impaired Russia’s ability to finance its war of aggression by targeting its Central Bank and its largest financial institutions.
d. Fourth, we will continue our efforts to fight off the Russian regime’s attempts to spread its propaganda. Respectable private companies should not provide revenue to the Russian regime or to its affiliates feeding the Russian war machine.
e. Fifth, we will continue and elevate our campaign against the financial elites and family members, who support President Putin in his war effort and squander the resources of the Russian people. Consistent with our national authorities, we will impose sanctions on additional individuals.
### |
美国和土耳其同意在叙利亚东北部停火
发布于：2019年10月17日
美国和土耳其今日宣布了一份具有历史意义的协议，结束叙利亚边境地区一周以来的敌对行动：
土耳其正在执行立即停火。
两国政府承诺保护宗教少数群体和少数族裔群体。
双方政府正在增进合作，帮助拘押ISIS战斗人员。
美国和长久以来的北约盟友土耳其之间的关系得到了加强。
本协议是唐纳德·特朗普总统在过去一周坦率直接的领导力以及在安卡拉的成功磋商的结果，这些磋商在迈克·彭斯副总统、迈克·蓬佩奥国务卿和国家安全顾问罗伯特·奥布莱恩的率领下进行，由娴熟而专业的外交官和军官组成的团队提供支持。 | The United States and Turkey today announced an historic agreement putting an end to a week of hostilities in the border region of Syria:
Turkey is implementing an immediate ceasefire.
The two governments committed to safeguard religious and ethnic minorities.
Both governments are increasing cooperation to help detain ISIS fighters.
Relations between the United States and long-standing NATO ally Turkey have been bolstered.
This agreement is the result of President Donald Trump’s forthright leadership over the past week and the successful negotiations in Ankara led by Vice President Mike Pence, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, and National Security Advisor Robert O’Brien, backed by a team of skilled and dedicated diplomats and military officers. |
反对同性恋恐惧症、跨性别恐惧症和双性恋恐惧症国际日
媒体声明
安东尼·J·布林肯国务卿
2021年5月16日
今年5月17日是反对同性恋恐惧症、跨性别恐惧症和双性恋恐惧症国际日(IDAHOTB)16周年。在这16年间，美国努力重申所有人的人权和基本自由，包括男女同性恋、双性恋、跨性别者、酷儿及间性人（LGBTQI+）群体。可以确定的是，我们在迈向融合的路上遇到过挑战和挫折，我们的工作还没有完成。
今年的IDAHOTB主题“团结一致：抵抗、支持、治愈！”传达的信息尤其触动人心。结束针对LGBTQI+群体的仇恨和暴力需要我们所有人的联合行动。美国正在尽自己的一份力。拜登总统上任后的前几周就发布了一项备忘录，指示所有在海外工作的美国联邦机构“确保美国的外交和对外援助事业促进并保护LGBTQI+群体的人权。”这项重要工作正在有序进行。
美国正优先在几个关键领域进行努力：打击对LGBTQI+身份或行为的刑事定罪；保护弱势的LGBTQI+难民和寻求庇护者；为保护人权和促进不歧视提供资金；应对针对LGBTQI+人群的人权侵犯；建立联盟，联合国际组织共同打击对LGBTQI+的歧视。通过共同努力，我们可以创造一个尊重、颂扬所有个人尊严的世界。通过伙伴关系，我们将实现我们的目标，建立一个尊重权利和包容的社会，在那里没有人因为自己是谁或爱谁而生活在恐惧之中。
《世界人权宣言》指出，每个人都有权享有人权和基本自由。在庆祝全球男女同性恋、双性恋、跨性别者、酷儿及间性人群体的贡献时，美国重申这一共同价值：每个人都理应有尊严地生活。 | On the International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia, and Biphobia
PRESS STATEMENT
ANTONY J. BLINKEN, SECRETARY OF STATE
MAY 16, 2021
This year’s May 17 marks 16 years since the first International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia, and Biphobia (IDAHOTB). In the intervening period, the United States has endeavored to reaffirm the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all persons, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex persons. To be sure, we have encountered challenges and setbacks in our path toward inclusion, and our work is not yet complete.
The message of “Together: Resisting, Supporting, Healing!” is especially poignant as this year’s IDAHOTB theme. Ending hatred and violence against LGBTQI+ persons requires collaborative action from us all. The United States is doing its part. Within the first weeks of his administration, President Biden issued a Memorandum instructing all U.S. federal agencies working abroad to “ensure that U.S. diplomatic efforts and foreign assistance promote and protect the human rights of LGBTQI+ persons.” And that important work is well underway.
The United States is prioritizing efforts in several key areas: combatting criminalization of LGBTQI+ status or conduct; protecting vulnerable LGBTQI+ refugees and asylum seekers; providing funding to protect human rights and advance nondiscrimination; responding to human rights abuses of LGBTQI+ persons; and building coalitions and engaging international organizations in the fight against LGBTQI+ discrimination. Working together, we can create a world that respects and celebrates the dignity of all individuals. It is in partnership that we will achieve our goal of a rights-respecting, inclusive society where no one lives in fear because of who they are or whom they love.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone is entitled to human rights and fundamental freedoms. In celebrating the contributions of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex persons worldwide, the United States re-affirms this shared value: Everyone deserves to live in dignity. |
白宫
即时发布
东厅
2022 年 2 月 15 日
美国东部标准时间下午 3 点 29 分
拜登总统发表讲话谈俄罗斯和乌克兰局势的最新情况
总统：下午好。今天，我想就涉及俄罗斯和乌克兰的危机局势提供一些最新信息。
从这场危机一开始，我就绝对明确和一贯地表明：无论发生什么情况，美国都已做好准备。
我们已准备好通过外交手段与俄罗斯以及我们的盟国和合作伙伴进行沟通，以增进整个欧洲的稳定与安全。
我们已准备好就俄罗斯对乌克兰的攻击做出果断反应，这种攻击仍然极有可能。
这是过去几周乃至几个月以来我们一直采取的方针，目前仍然是我们的方针。
所以，今天我想和美国人民谈一谈那里的局势、我们已经采取的步骤、我们准备采取的行动、我们和世界所面临的风险，以及这可能会对国内所产生的影响。
几个星期以来，本届政府与我们的盟国及其合作伙伴一起一直在进行不间断的外交努力。
本周末我与普京总统再次通话，明确表明我们随时准备继续进行高层外交努力，在俄罗斯、美国以及欧洲国家之间达成书面谅解，以解决合理的安全关注，如果这是他所希望的话。他们的安全关注和我们的安全关注。
普京总统和我一致认为，我们的团队应继续与我们的欧洲盟友和合作伙伴一起为实现这一目的而努力。
昨天，俄罗斯政府公开提议继续采用外交手段。我对此表示同意。我们应该给予外交手段一切可以成功的机会。我相信有现实的方法可以解决我们各自的安全关注。
美国提出了在欧洲建立安全环境的具体设想。
我们提出新的军备控制措施、新的透明度措施以及新的战略稳定措施。这些措施将适用于所有各方，包括北约和俄罗斯。
我们愿意采取切实可行的、以结果为导向的步骤，以促进我们的共同安全。但是，我们绝对不会牺牲基本原则。
国家享有主权和领土完整的权利。各国拥有设定自己的发展方向和选择与谁交往的自由。
但是，这仍然给外交和缓和局势留有很大空间。在我们看来，这对各方来说都是最佳的推进方式。我们将与我们的盟国和合作伙伴密切协商，继续我们的外交努力。
只要还有一线希望可以通过外交解决方案来防止使用武力并避免随之而来的令人难以想象的人间苦难，我们就会努力追求。
俄罗斯国防部今天说，一些部队正在离开乌克兰附近的阵地。
这当然很好，但我们尚未得到证实。我们还没有证实俄罗斯军队正在返回基地。确实，我们的分析人员表示，俄罗斯军队仍然保持着高度的的威胁态势。事实仍然是，俄罗斯目前有超过 15 万军队部署在白俄罗斯和乌克兰边境，对乌克兰形成包围之势。
显而易见，入侵仍然可能发生。这就是为什么我已多次要求所有居住在乌克兰的美国人马上撤离，以免过晚来不及安全撤离。这就是为什么我们暂时将大使馆从基辅 (Kyiv) 迁至乌克兰西部的利沃夫 (Lviv)，接近波兰边境。
针对俄罗斯的计划和局势的严重性，我们一直对美国人民和世界保持透明，以便每一个人都能亲眼看到正在发生的情况。我们分享了我们所掌握的信息以及我们在为应对这一局势做些什么。
我想同样明确说明的是我们没有在做什么：
美国和北约没有对俄罗斯构成威胁。乌克兰没有在威胁俄罗斯。
美国和北约在乌克兰都没有部署导弹。我们也没有计划在那里部署导弹。
我们没有对准俄罗斯人民。我们不寻求破坏俄罗斯的稳定。
我想告诉俄罗斯公民的是：你们不是我们的敌人。而且，我不相信你们想要对乌克兰发动一场血腥的破坏性战争——乌克兰是一个与你们在家庭、历史和文化方面有着如此深远纽带的国家和民族。
七十七年以前，我们的人民曾经为结束历史上最惨烈的战争而并肩作战，献出生命。
第二次世界大战是一场必然之战。但是，如果俄罗斯攻击乌克兰，那将是一场选择之战，或者说是一场没有原因或理由的战争。
我提到这些并非为了激怒任何人，而是为了说出真相——因为真相至关重要；责任至关重要。
如果俄罗斯果真在未来几天或几周内入侵的话，将会给乌克兰带来巨大的人员伤亡，俄罗斯也将付出巨大的战略代价。
如果俄罗斯进攻乌克兰，它将遭到整个国际社会的强烈谴责。世界不会忘记俄罗斯选择了不必要的死亡和毁灭。
入侵乌克兰将被证明是搬起石头砸自己的脚。
美国及其盟国和合作伙伴将做出果断回应。西方国家团结一致，随时准备采取行动。
今天，我们的北约盟国和这一联盟一如既往地团结一致，坚定不移。我们牢不可破的力量源泉仍然是来自于我们共同民主价值观念的力量、韧性和普世吸引力。
因为这不仅仅是关于俄罗斯和乌克兰。这是事关我们的信念，事关我们世界的未来，事关自由——事关自由，无数国家选择自己命运的权利，人民决定自己未来的权利，以及事关一个国家不能以武力改变邻国边界的原则。这就是我们的愿景。就此而言，我相信这一愿景和自由将战胜一切。
如果俄罗斯一意孤行，我们将号召全世界反对它的侵略行动。
美国及其世界各地的盟国和合作伙伴已准备好实施强有力的制裁对 [和] 出口管制，包括在 2014 年俄罗斯入侵克里米亚和乌克兰东部时我们没有采取的行动。我们将对它们最大的和最重要的金融机构和重点行业施加巨大压力。
一旦和如果俄罗斯采取进犯行动，这些措施便会立即实施。我们将会施加带来长期后果的压力，削弱俄罗斯在经济和战略上的竞争能力。
就北溪2号天然气管道 (Nord Stream 2) ——将天然气从俄罗斯输送到德国的管道——而言，如果俄罗斯进一步入侵乌克兰，这一项目将终止。
虽然我不会派遣美国军人到乌克兰与俄罗斯作战，但我们为乌克兰军队提供了帮助他们进行自卫的装备。出于同样目的，我们也提供了培训、建议和情报。
毋庸置疑，美国将会以美国的全部力量保卫北约的每一寸领土。对一个北约国家的攻击即是对我们所有国家的攻击。美国对集体防御第五条 (Article 5) 的承诺是神圣不可侵犯的。
作为对俄罗斯集结军事力量的回应，我已经派出更多的美军来加强北约的东翼。
我们的几个盟国也已经宣布，它们将增派部队和军事力量，以确保北约东翼的威慑力和防御。
我们还将继续与我们的盟国和合作伙伴开展军事演习，以加强防御准备。
如果俄罗斯入侵，我们将采取进一步措施加强我们在北约的军事力量，让我们的盟友放心，并阻止进一步的侵略行动。
这是一项团结共和党人和民主党人的事业。我要感谢为捍卫我们最基本、最具两党支持和最具美国精神的原则而大声疾呼的国会两党领袖和议员。
我坦承，这不是一个轻松的决定。我们的能源价格可能会受到影响，因此我们正在采取积极措施，以减轻我们自身能源市场的压力，抵消价格上涨的影响。
我们正在与主要能源消费者和生产者进行协调。我们准备利用我们可以使用的所有工具和权限，为汽油价格带来缓解。
我将与国会一起合作，制定额外措施，帮助保护消费者利益，并解决对加油站价格的影响。
我们不寻求与俄罗斯直接对抗。但是我已表明，如果俄罗斯对在乌克兰的美国人进行攻击，我们将作出有力回应。
如果俄罗斯通过非对称方式攻击美国或我们的盟国，譬如针对我们公司或关键基础设施进行破坏性网络攻击，我们已做好回应准备。
我们正在与我们的北约盟国和合作伙伴采取步调一致的行动，深化我们对网络空间威胁的集体防御。
眼前仍有两条途径。为了俄罗斯和美国对全球稳定所共同具有的历史责任，为了我们共同的未来，选择外交途径。
但毋庸置疑的是：如果俄罗斯悍然入侵乌克兰，全球负责任的国家将毫不犹豫地做出回应。
如果我们今天不奋起捍卫面临危险的自由，我们明天肯定要付出更大的代价。
谢谢你们。我会随时向你们通告情况。
美国东部标准时间下午 3点50分
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2022/02/15/remarks-by-president-biden-providing-an-update-on-russia-and-ukraine/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。
### | Remarks by President Biden Providing an Update on Russia and Ukraine
FEBRUARY 15, 2022•SPEECHES AND REMARKS
East Room
3:29 P.M. EST
THE PRESIDENT: Good afternoon. Today, I’d like to provide an update on the crisis involving Russia and Ukraine.
From the beginning of this crisis, I have been absolutely clear and consistent: The United States is prepared no matter what happens.
We are ready with diplomacy — to be engaged in diplomacy with Russia and our Allies and partners to improve stability and security in Europe as a whole.
And we are ready to respond decisively to a Russian attack on Ukraine, which is still very much a possibility.
Through all of the events of the last few weeks and months, this has been our approach. And it remains our approach now.
So, today I want to speak to the American people about the situation on the ground, the steps we’ve taken, the actions we’re prepared to take, and what’s at stake for us and the world, and how this may impact on us here at home.
For weeks now, together with our Allies and partners, my administration has engaged in non-stop diplomacy.
This weekend I spoke again with President Putin to make clear that we are ready to keep pursuing high-level diplomacy to reach written understandings among Russia, the United States, and the nations of Europe to address legitimate security concerns if that’s what — his wish. Their security concerns and ours.
President Putin and I agreed that our teams should continue to engage toward this end along with our European Allies and partners.
Yesterday, the Russian government publicly proposed to continue the diplomacy. I agree. We should give the diplomacy every chance to succeed. I believe there are real ways to address our respective security concerns.
The United States has put on the table concrete ideas to establish a security environment in Europe.
We’re proposing new arms control measures, new transparency measures, new strategic stability measures. These measures would apply to all parties — NATO and Russia alike.
And we’re willing to make practical, results-oriented steps that can advance our common security. We will not sacrifice basic principles, though.
Nations have a right to sovereignty and territorial integrity. They have the freedom to set their own course and choose with whom they will associate.
But that still leaves plenty of room for diplomacy and for de-escalation. That’s the best way forward for all parties, in our view. And we’ll continue our diplomatic efforts in close consultation with our Allies and our partners.
As long as there is hope of a diplomatic resolution that prevents the use of force and avoids the incredible human suffering that would follow, we will pursue it.
The Russian Defense Ministry reported today that some military units are leaving their positions near Ukraine.
That would be good, but we have not yet verified that. We have not yet verified that Russian military units are returning to their home bases. Indeed, our analysts indicate that they remain very much in a threatening position. And the fact remains: Right now, Russia has more than 150,000 troops encircling Ukraine in Belarus and along Ukraine’s border.
An invasion remains distinctly possible. That’s why I’ve asked several times that all Americans in Ukraine leave now before it’s too late to leave safely. It is why we have temporarily relocated our embassy from Kyiv to Lviv in western Ukraine, approaching the Polish border.
And we’ve been transparent with the American people and with the world about Russia’s plans and the seriousness of the situation so that everyone can see for themselves what is happening. We have shared what we know and what we are doing about it.
Let me be equally clear about what we are not doing:
The United States and NATO are not a threat to Russia. Ukraine is not threatening Russia.
Neither the U.S. nor NATO have missiles in Ukraine. We do not — do not have plans to put them there as well.
We’re not targeting the people of Russia. We do not seek to destabilize Russia.
To the citizens of Russia: You are not our enemy. And I do not believe you want a bloody, destructive war against Ukraine — a country and a people with whom you share such deep ties of family, history, and culture.
Seventy-seven years ago, our people fought and sacrificed side by side to end the worst war in history.
World War Two was a war of necessity. But if Russia attacks Ukraine, it would be a war of choice, or a war without cause or reason.
I say these things not to provoke but to speak the truth — because the truth matters; accountability matters.
If Russia does invade in the days or weeks ahead, the human cost for Ukraine will be immense, and the strategic cost for Russia will also be immense.
If Russia attacks Ukraine, it’ll be met with overwhelming international condemnation. The world will not forget that Russia chose needless death and destruction.
Invading Ukraine will prove to be a self-inflicted wound.
The United States and our Allies and partners will respond decisively. The West is united and galvanized.
Today, our NATO Allies and the Alliance is as unified and determined as it has ever been. And the source of our unbreakable strength continues to be the power, resilience, and universal appeal of our shared democratic values.
Because this is about more than just Russia and Ukraine. It’s about standing for what we believe in, for the future we want for our world, for liberty — for liberty, the right of countless countries to choose their own destiny, and the right of people to determine their own futures, for the principle that a country can’t change its neighbor’s borders by force. That’s our vision. And toward that end, I’m confident that vision, that freedom will prevail.
If Russia proceeds, we will rally the world to oppose its aggression.
The United States and our Allies and partners around the world are ready to impose powerful sanctions on [and] export controls, including actions that did not — we did not pursue when Russia invaded Crimea and eastern Ukraine in 2014. We will put intense pressure on their largest and most significant financial institutions and key industries.
These measures are ready to go as soon and if Russia moves. We’ll impose long-term consequences that will undermine Russia’s ability to compete economically and strategically.
And when it comes to Nord Stream 2, the pipeline that would bring natural gas from Russia to Germany, if Russia further invades Ukraine, it will not happen.
While I will not send American servicemen to fight Russia in Ukraine, we have supplied the Ukrainian military with equipment to help them defend themselves. We have provided training and advice and intelligence for the same purpose.
And make no mistake: The United States will defend every inch of NATO territory with the full force of American power. An attack against one NATO country is an attack against all of us. And the United States commitment to Article 5 is sacrosanct.
Already, in response to Russia’s build-up of troops, I have sent additional U.S. forces to bolster NATO’s eastern flank.
Several of our Allies have also announced they’ll add forces and capabilities to ensure deterrence and defense along NATO’s eastern flank.
We will also continue to conduct military exercises with our Allies and partners to enhance defensive readiness.
And if Russia invades, we will take further steps to reinforce our presence in NATO, reassure for our Allies, and deter further aggression.
This is a cause that unites Republicans and Democrats. And I want to thank the leaders and members of Congress of both parties who have forcefully spoken out in defense of our most basic, most bipartisan, most American principles.
I will not pretend this will be painless. There could be impact on our energy prices, so we are taking active steps to alleviate the pressure on our own energy markets and offset rising prices.
We’re coordinating with major enersy [sic] — energy consumers and producers. We’re prepared to deploy all the tools and authority at our disposal to provide relief at the gas pump.
And I will work with Congress on additional measures to help protect consumers and address the impact of prices at the pump.
We are not seeking direct confrontation with Russia, though I have been clear that if Russia targets Americans in Ukraine, we will respond forcefully.
And if Russia attacks the United States or our Allies through asymmetric means, like disruptive cyberattacks against our companies or critical infrastructure, we are prepared to respond.
We’re moving in lockstep with our NATO Allies and partners to deepen our collective defense against threats in cyberspace.
Two paths are still open. For the sake of the historic responsibility Russia and the United States share for global stability, for the sake of our common future — to choose diplomacy.
But let there be no doubt: If Russia commits this breach by invading Ukraine, responsible nations around the world will not hesitate to respond.
If we do not stand for freedom where it is at risk today, we’ll surely pay a steeper price tomorrow.
Thank you. I’ll keep you informed.
END 3:50 P.M. EST |
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿特区
2022年8月30日
运载小麦的“勇敢指挥官”号货船从乌克兰抵达东非
安东尼·布林肯国务卿的声明
美国欢迎“勇敢指挥官”号（Brave Commander）货船运载23300公吨乌克兰粮食抵达吉布提。这批粮食将在埃塞俄比亚和索马里分发，这两个国家经历四年干旱后的粮食不安全状况十分危险。美国对吉布提为促进人道主义物资运往该地区而发挥的重要作用表示感谢。
作为美国最近向世界粮食计划署（World Food Program）提供的超过6800万美元捐助的一部分，这批粮食是自2月24日俄罗斯开始对乌克兰发动无理的全面进攻以来从黑海出口运达全世界粮食最不安全的一些国家的首批乌克兰农产品之一。美国是世界粮食计划署的最大捐助国，自2021年10月以来已向该组织提供了57亿美元。自二月以来，美国已提供超过54亿美元人道主义援助，以扩展在全球粮食不安全的国家中的紧急粮食安全行动。
乌克兰农产品对于全球粮食安全至关重要。美国支持由土耳其和联合国斡旋在乌克兰与俄罗斯之间达成的协议，恢复乌克兰通过黑海的农业出口，而且我们正在密切监督俄罗斯遵守这项协议的规定的情况。我们要求俄罗斯立即停止它对乌克兰发动的战争，这对解决最近全球粮食不安全的加剧将起很大作用。
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.state.gov/arrival-of-wheat-carrying-brave-commander-to-east-africa-from-ukraine/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。 | PRESS STATEMENT
ANTONY J. BLINKEN, SECRETARY OF STATE
AUGUST 30, 2022
The United States welcomes the arrival in Djibouti of 23,300 metric tons of Ukrainian grain aboard the ship Brave Commander. This grain will be distributed within the Horn of Africa*, a region that is dangerously food insecure after four years of drought. The United States is grateful for the important role Djibouti has played facilitating the flow of humanitarian goods to the region. The United States is grateful for the important role Djibouti has played facilitating the flow of humanitarian goods to the region.
As part of a more than $68 million recent contribution by the United States to the World Food Program (WFP), this grain is among the first shipments of Ukrainian agricultural products exported from the Black Sea to reach some of the world’s most food insecure countries since the beginning of Russia’s unjustified, full-scale attack on Ukraine on February 24. The United States is the largest contributor to the WFP, having provided $5.7 billion to the organization since October 2021. Since February, the United States has provided over $5.4 billion in humanitarian assistance to scale up emergency food security operations in food insecure countries globally.
Ukrainian agricultural products are critical to global food security. The United States supports the Turkey and UN-brokered deal between Ukraine and Russia to resume Ukrainian agricultural exports via the Black Sea, and we are closely monitoring Russia’s adherence to the deal’s terms. We call on Russia to immediately cease its war on Ukraine, which would do much to address the recent spike in global food insecurity.
*Updated 31 August to specific region |
从2019年11月1日起，广州美国领事馆的离境证明申请工作移交美国移民海关执法局。联系移民海关执法局请发电子邮件：[email protected]. | As of November 1, 2019, processing for Departure Verifications at US Consulate Guangzhou has been transferred to Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Please contact Immigration and Customs Enforcement at: [email protected] . |
国家安全事务委员会（National Security Council）
白宫（The White House）
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2020年6月26日
亚利桑那州商业局（Arizona Commerce Authority）
凤凰城，亚利桑那州（Phoenix, Arizona）
2020年6月24日
中国共产党构成的挑战，以及中国共产党的兴起及其对美国和我们的盟国造成的威胁，是我们目前面临的至关重要的问题。
* * * *
数十年来，美国各政党、工商界 、学术界、媒体等方面的普遍看法认为，促进中国的自由化只是时间问题，首先是经济领域，然后是政治领域。按照这种思维，我们向中国进一步开放我们的市场，我们在中国投入更多的资本，为中华人民共和国的官员、科学家、工程师，甚至军事官员提供更多的训练，中国就能变得像我们一样。
我们根据这个前提欢迎中国在2001年加入世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization），提供了大量的让步和贸易优惠待遇。我们淡化中国严重侵犯人权的行为，其中包括天安门广场事件。我们对中国广泛的技术盗窃行为睁一只眼闭一只眼，使美国经济各部门整体受到重创。随着中国日益富裕和强盛，我们相信中国共产党会实现自由化，可以满足本国人民日益强烈的民主渴望。这曾经是美国大胆和典型的设想。这种设想出自于我们天生的乐观主义，也来自于我们战胜苏联共产主义的经验。遗憾的是，这原来是很幼稚的想法。我们错得实在很离谱。这种错误的估计已成为上世纪30年代以来美国对外政策最大的败笔。
那么，我们为什么会犯这样的错误？我们为什么不能看清中国共产党的本质？答案很简单，是因为我们没有注意中国共产党的意识形态。我们不注意听中国共产党领导人的言论，不注意看他们在重要文件中所写的内容，我们视而不见，听而不闻。我们只相信我们希望相信的方面，认为这些党员只是名义上的共产主义者。
现在，我们需要明确指出，中国共产党是一个马克思主义、列宁主义组织。该党总书记习近平视自己为约瑟夫·斯大林的继承人。实际上，正如前记者和澳大利亚政府官员約翰•加諾特(John Garnaut)所指出的，中国共产党是最后一个从未脱离过斯大林的共产主义执政党，只有北韩属于部分例外。然而，斯大林采取残暴的独裁统治和骇人听闻的政策，通过灾害、强制集体化、处决行动和劳改营，杀害了约2,000万俄罗斯和其他方面的人员。
根据列宁、斯大林、毛的解释，共产主义属于极权的意识形态。在共产主义统治下，个人仅仅是实现集体化民族国家目标的一个工具，可以很容易地为民族国家的目标牺牲自己。
* * * *
中国共产党要求全面控制人民的生活。这意味着经济控制，意味着政治控制，意味着人身控制，可能更重要的是，意味着思想控制。加諾特指出，按照经典的中国治国之道，掌握和维持对江山的控制有两个工具。首先是武，指武器和暴力。其次是文，指语言和文化。中国领导人历来相信，权力来自于对有形战场的控制，也来自于对文化领域的控制。加诺特写道，“对列宁、斯大林、毛和现在的习来说，语言不是讲道理和劝说的工具，而是子弹。语言是为了明确、孤立和摧毁对手。”
对于中国共产党来说，宣传发挥了核心的作用。北京公开宣布要控制政治思想并大张旗鼓地推行之。1989年，该党开始围绕意识形态安全问题进行整顿。此后，中国共产党领导人一再强调这一点。前几年，该党在2013年4月发布一项关于当前意识形态领域情况的通报，提出绝对不允许有任何机会和渠道散布不正确的思想或观点。
因此在中国国内，这种方式意味着强制性的共产主义意识形态学习班，以及必须下载并使用讲授所谓习近平思想的智能手机应用。这意味着完全控制所有国家媒体。从外国报纸到推特（Twitter）、脸书（Facebook）和WhatsApp等外部信息来源都遭到禁止。所有在中国国内生成的内容都受到审查。这意味着监禁从公民博主到新闻记者、律师、活动人士和宗教信徒等每一个表达任何违反该党立场的观点的人。而且事实是，就在最近，从今年1月1日到4月4日，就有近500人仅仅因为公开讲出武汉冠状病毒和它对该党的影响以及该党掩盖这种疾病的行为而受到犯罪指控。
中国共产党重新解释包括《圣经》（Bible）在内的宗教文本，以支持共产党的意识形态。它将数以百万计的维吾尔族穆斯林及其他少数群体关押在再教育营中，强迫他们在那里接受政治灌输和强制劳动，而他们的子女则被送进该党管理的孤儿院中。这个过程彻底抹杀了家庭、宗教、文化、语言以及身陷这些再教育营中的人们的传统。在中国共产党的统治下，信息受到严格管制，表达时时受到监控，以便让政府进行打压或打造。
而美国人应当感到关切。我们不仅应当为中国人民感到关切，而且应当为我们自己感到关切，因为习近平对意识形态管控的野心不仅限于其本国人民。中国共产党宣称的目标是建立一个人类命运共同体，并任由中国共产党来重塑整个世界。在中国边境之外管控思想的努力已在进行之中。
近10年来，该党已投入数十亿美元用于海外宣传行动并取得极大效果。中国共产党已着手铲除全世界不友好的中文媒体机构，而且已接近完成。在美国的几乎每一家中文新闻机构不是由该党所有，就是同该党密切合作，而且它还在渗入英文媒体。在全美各城市有十多个广播电台，美国人在收听调频广播时会听到藏而不露的亲北京的宣传。
最近，中国的宣传让很多美国人以为冠状病毒是一名美国军人带到武汉的，而不是武汉将病毒传播到了世界其他地区，这完全是中国共产党捏造的，以致这名军人和她的家人需要贴身保安来保护他们免遭死亡威胁，这种情况发生在马里兰（Maryland）。在抖音（TikTok）这个中国所有的拥有超过4,000万美国用户的社交媒体平台上，可能有很多是你们的子女和年轻的同事，批评中国共产党以及北京的各项政策的账号经常被删除或查封。
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北京动用其财力和市场份额来迫使好莱坞（Hollywood）进行自我审查，从物质上促使导演、演员和制作人避开可能无法通过中国的国家审查机构的题材。
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中国共产党也在谋求利用个体美国人。它在收集你最隐私的数据：你的言论，你的行动，你的购物，你的行踪，你的健康记录，你的社交媒体发贴，你的短信，并且勾画出你的朋友、家人和熟人关系网。中国共产党达到这一目标的部分做法是补贴硬件、软件、电讯通信甚至基因公司。因此，像华为和中兴这样的公司可以在价格上同对手销价，以亏损的方式在全球安装他们的设备。它实际连带造成美国电讯硬件制造商倒闭，也使诺基亚公司（Nokia）和爱立信公司（Ericsson）处境非常艰难。
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那么中国共产党将如何利用这些数据？与中国境内的方式一样，即对个人进行攻击、奉承、劝诱、影响、胁迫，甚至讹诈，让他们做或者说符合共产党需要的事。这种微观定向是令任何广告商的天大梦想所不及的。与广告商不同的是，中国不会受政府规章阻止。中国共产党要知道你的一切，就像它要知道几乎所有生活在中国境内的人的一切一样。
除了进行宣传和施加影响的运作外，中国共产党还利用贸易强迫按照它的旨意行事。
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共产党利用中国在联合国人权理事会（UN Human Rights Council）的成员地位，不让对其在新疆和香港的侵权行为提出批评。中国共产党将影响伸向国际机构的首脑，他们本身并不是中国官员。
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……。我们正在采取果断行动，全面抵制。首先，特朗普总统不让某些听命于中国共产党情报和安全部门的公司，例如中国电信业巨头华为，接触我们的——我们的个人和隐私数据。本政府对向华为输出半导体技术实施了限制。
第二，国务院将9个中国国家控制的宣传媒体定性为外国使团。这些机构是中国共产党的喉舌，这一定性使这些所谓的媒体机构受制于有关要求和受到签证限制。第三，特朗普总统对共同参与中国对维吾尔族和其他少数民族的压制、大规模任意拘押和高科技监视的中国21个政府实体和16家中国公司实行出口限制，我们已经阻止共同参与这些践踏行为的官员进入美国。
本届政府还制止由虽然知道但却仍然使用维吾尔族强劳的中国公司生产的产品非法进入美国。第四，特朗普总统将美国撤出人权理事会，抗议它受中国影响。
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第五，特朗普总统限制中国人民解放军利用学生签证将其军官和雇员送到我国高等院校窃取美国技术、知识产权和信息。第六，总统采取行动，停止美国联邦政府雇员退休基金投资于中华人民共和国的公司，包括中国军方合同公司和生产用于镇压少数民族的监控设备的制造商。
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美国被动和天真对待中华人民共和国的时代结束了。我们将忠实我们的原则，尤其是言论自由，这与中国共产党所维护的马克思主义-列宁主义的意识形态形成鲜明对比。 | Well, thank you Governor. That was an extraordinarily kind introduction and for thinking of Kayla and her parents. We had them at the State of the Union. That was a very special occasion for the President and for all of us as Americans. What happened to Kayla should never happen to anyone, especially Americans. Thank you for remembering her today and for the support you have given her family. It is great to be here in Phoenix. Congratulations on the TSMC factory that is coming to Arizona. I can tell you there are 49 other governors that are a little jealous of Governor Ducey at this point. What a tremendous accomplishment for your administration and it’s great for our national security to bring our supply chain home, especially when we are dealing with critical technology, computer chips, dual-use chips, that are not only important to our civilian world—the phones we use, the computers we use, the dishwashers, the refrigerators we use—but also to our military. You have some great aerospace companies who are doing work in Arizona that are going to benefit from having their suppliers closer to home. Congratulations to the people of Arizona.
It is wonderful to be here at the Arizona Commerce Authority. Congratulations to you as well for the excellent support you gave the governor and his administration in not only bringing the Taiwanese here but also many other manufacturing companies returning to America are coming to Arizona—great weather, sunshine. It is wonderful again to be back here on the west coast. Other folks around the world are coming to Arizona and the American West to see there is a whole other part to this country outside of Washington, D.C. and New York. As manufacturing returns to this country, Arizona will be at the top of their list. So congratulations, Governor.
I bring you greetings from the 45th President of the United States, Donald J. Trump. I know he was here yesterday. It is privilege to follow in his wake. I think there is some other good news; you will be having the Vice President of the United States Mike Pence, my close friend, whose office is down the hall, will be here next week.
I appreciate the kind invitation to come discuss an issue of great importance to American national security with you, Governor and your colleagues here in Arizona:—the challenge the Chinese Communist Party poses to the United States and our allies is of critical importance to us right now. My remarks are the first of several speeches senior Administration officials will give on this matter over the next few weeks. You will soon hear from Secretary of State Pompeo, Attorney General Barr, and FBI Director Chris Wray on the subject.
America, under President Trump’s leadership, has finally awoken to the threat the Chinese Communist Party’s actions and the threat they pose to our very way of life. For decades, conventional wisdom in both U.S. political parties, the business community, academia, and media, has held that it was only a matter of time before China would become more liberal, first economically and, then, politically. The more we opened our markets to China, the thinking went, the more we invested capital in China, the more we trained PRC bureaucrats, scientists, engineers, and even military officers, the more China would become like us.
It was under this premise that we welcomed China into the World Trade Organization in 2001 with vast concessions and trade privileges. We downplayed China’s gross human rights abuses, including Tiananmen Square. We turned a blind eye to China’s widespread technology theft that eviscerated entire sectors of the American economy.
As China grew richer and stronger, we believed, the Chinese Communist Party would liberalize to meet the rising democratic aspirations of its people. This was a bold, quintessentially American idea, born of our innate optimism and by the experience of our triumph over Soviet Communism. Unfortunately, it turned out to be very naïve.
We could not have been more wrong—and this miscalculation is the greatest failure of American foreign policy since the 1930s. How did we make such a mistake? How did we fail to understand the nature of the Chinese Communist Party?
The answer is simple: because we did not pay heed to the CCP’s ideology. Instead of listening to what CCP leaders were saying and reading what they wrote in their key documents, we closed our ears and our eyes. We believed what we wanted to believe—that the Party members were communist in name only.
Let us be clear, the Chinese Communist Party is a Marxist-Leninist organization. The Party General Secretary Xi Jinping sees himself as Josef Stalin’s successor. In fact, as the journalist and former Australian government official John Garnaut has noted, the Chinese Communist Party is the last “ruling communist party that never split with Stalin, with the partial exception of North Korea.”[1] Yes, Stalin – the man whose brutal dictatorship and disastrous policies killed roughly 20 million Russians and others through famine, forced collectivization, executions, and labor camps. As interpreted and practiced by Lenin, Stalin, and Mao, communism is a totalitarian ideology.
Under communism, individuals are merely a means to be used toward the achievement of the ends of the collective nation state. Thus, individuals can be easily sacrificed for the nation state’s goals. Individuals do not have inherent value under Marxism-Leninism. They exist to serve the state; the state does not exist to serve them.
These ideas sound remote and outdated to us. They are, after all, old ideas—they were born a century and a half ago in Europe. They were implemented a century ago by Russia, and then discarded 30 years ago as the most costly failed political experiment in history. But in China, these ideas remain as fundamental to the Chinese Communist Party as the Constitution and the Bill of Rights do to us as Americans.
The Chinese Communist Party seeks total control over the people’s lives. This means economic control, it means political control, it means physical control, and, perhaps most importantly, it means thought control.
“In Classical Chinese statecraft,” Garnaut has noted, “there are two tools for gaining and maintaining control over ‘the mountains and the rivers’: the first is wu (武), weapons and violence, and the second is wen (文), language and culture. Chinese leaders have always believed that power derives from controlling both the physical battlefield and the cultural domain.”[2] “For Lenin, Stalin, Mao and Xi,” Garnaut writes, “words are not vehicles of reason and persuasion. They are bullets. Words are for defining, isolating, and destroying opponents.”[3]
Propaganda plays a central political role for the CCP. Beijing’s efforts to dominate political thought are stated openly and pursued aggressively. In 1989, the party began organizing itself around ‘ideological security,’ a term repeated frequently since then by CCP leaders. More recently, in April 2013, the Party issued a policy on what they call the “current state of ideology.”[4] It held that there should be, “absolutely no opportunity or outlets for incorrect thinking or viewpoints to spread.”[5]>
So within China, this approach means mandatory study sessions on Communist ideology and the required download and use of smartphone apps that teach so-called “Xi Jinping Thought.” It means complete control of all state media. Outside sources of information are banned—from foreign newspapers to Twitter, Facebook, and WhatsApp. All content generated within China is censored. It means jailing everyone from citizen bloggers, reporters, and lawyers to activists and religious believers for expressing any views contrary to the Party line.
And indeed, just recently, between January 1 and April 4 of this year, nearly 500 individuals were charged with crimes just for speaking out about the Wuhan coronavirus, its effects upon the Party, and the Party’s cover-up of the disease.[6]
The Chinese Communist Party reinterprets religious texts, including the Bible, to support communist party ideology. It locks up millions of Muslim Uyghurs and other minorities in reeducation camps where they are subjected to political indoctrination and forced labor, while their children are raised in Party-run orphanages. This process annihilates family, religion, culture, language, and heritage of the people who are caught up in these camps. Under the Chinese Communist Party, information is tightly controlled and expression is constantly surveilled, so that it can be quashed or shaped by the state.
Americans should be concerned. We should not be concerned only for the Chinese people but for ourselves. Xi Jinping’s ambitions for ideological control are not limited to his own people. The CCP’s stated goal is to create a “Community of Common Destiny for Mankind,” and to remake the world according to the CCP. The effort to control thought beyond the borders of China is well under way.
Over the past decade, the Party has invested billions of dollars into overseas propaganda operations to great effect.[7] The CCP has moved to eliminate ‘unfriendly’ Chinese language media outlets worldwide, and is close to succeeding. Nearly every Chinese language news outlet in the U.S. is either owned by, or works closely with the Party—and it is making inroads into English language media as well. There are more than a dozen radio stations in cities across the country where Americans hear subtle pro-Beijing propaganda on their FM radio.
Recently, Chinese propaganda persuaded so many Americans that a U.S. solider had brought the coronavirus to Wuhan—as opposed to Wuhan sending the virus to the rest of the world (a complete fabrication by the CCP) that this soldier and her family needed a personal security detail to protect them from death threats. This situation occurred in Maryland.
On TikTok, a Chinese-owned social media platform with over 40 million American users—probably a lot of your kids and younger colleagues– accounts criticizing CCP policies are routinely removed or deleted.
Last week, Twitter announced the suspension of more than 23,000 CCP linked accounts for spreading propaganda on Hong Kong and COVID-19. This latest suspension was in addition to last August’s removal of more than 150,000 CCP linked accounts that were used to spread anti-American disinformation and generate the illusion of popular support for Beijing’s policies in the United States. These are just the accounts Twitter caught. How many are still out there undetected?
In March, the CCP expelled American journalists working for the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, and the Washington Post, almost fully eliminating independent reporting from within China on the Wuhan virus.
In addition to influencing what information American citizens receive regarding China, the CCP is increasingly using its leverage to police American speech. When the University of California at San Diego hosted the Dalai Lama as a commencement speaker in 2017, Beijing banned Chinese students from visiting UCSD on government funds.
When the general manager of the Houston Rockets tweeted his support for the peaceful Hong Kong protesters, the CCP announced its team’s games would not be shown on Chinese TV and used its economic power to pressure others in basketball, including star players, to criticize the tweet on behalf of Beijing.
Under pressure from the CCP, Marriott, and American, Delta, and United Airlines all removed references to Taiwan from their corporate websites. Mercedes Benz even apologized for posting an inspirational quote from the Dalai Lama on social media.
Beijing has used its financial might and market access to pressure Hollywood into self-censorship, incentivizing directors and producers to avoid topics that might not make it past the country’s censors in China. For example, the Japanese and Taiwanese flags were dropped from Tom Cruise’s flight jacket in the upcoming Top Gun sequel “Maverick.” MGM digitally changed the identities, post-production, of the invading military from China to North Korea in the “Red Dawn” remake.
The CCP is seeking leverage over individual Americans as well. The Party is collecting your most intimate data—your words, your actions, your purchases, your whereabouts, your health records, your social media posts, your texts, and mapping your network of friends, family, and acquaintances.
The CCP accomplishes this goal, in part, by subsidizing hardware, software, telecommunications, and even genetics companies. As a result, corporations such as Huawei and ZTE undercut competitors on price and install their equipment around the globe at a loss. This has the side effect of putting out of business American manufacturers of telecom hardware and has made it very difficult for Nokia and Ericsson. Why do they do it? Because it is not telecom hardware or software profits the CCP are after, it is your data. They use “backdoors” built into the products to obtain that data.
When the Chinese Communist Party cannot buy your data, it steals it. In 2014, the CCP hacked Anthem insurance, collecting sensitive information on 80 million Americans. In 2015, the CCP hacked the Office of Personnel Management, which holds security clearance information, acquiring sensitive data on 20 million Americans who work for the federal government. In 2017, it hacked Equifax, obtaining the names, birthdates, social security numbers, and credit scores of 145 million Americans.
In 2019, the CCP hacked Marriot, gathering information on 383 million guests, including their passport numbers. And, in 2016, a Chinese company even bought the dating app Grindr to harvest its data, including the HIV status of users, before the U.S. government forced a divestiture on national security grounds. These are just a few of the instances we know about.
How will the Chinese Communist Party use this data? In the same way it uses data within China’s borders: to target, to flatter, to cajole, to influence, to coerce, and to even blackmail individuals to say and do things that serve the Party’s interests. This is ‘micro targeting’ beyond an advertiser’s wildest dreams. China, unlike advertisers, will not be stopped by government regulations. The Chinese Communist Party simply wants to know everything about you—just as it likes to know almost everything about every individual living in China.
In addition to propaganda and influence operations, the Chinese Communist Party uses trade to coerce compliance with its dictates. When Australia called for an independent investigation of the coronavirus’ origins and spread, the Chinese Communist Party threatened to stop buying Australian agricultural products and to prevent Chinese students and tourists from traveling to Australia. When Australia refused to relent, Beijing put these threats into force, imposing an 80% tariff on Australian barley exports.
International organizations are also part of China’s plan. China has sought leadership positions within many global bodies. China now heads four out of fifteen UN specialized agencies, more than the U.S., UK, France, and Russia, the other members of the permanent members of the U.N. Security Council, combined. The PRC uses these leaders to force the international bodies to parrot Beijing’s talking points and to install Chinese telecommunications equipment in their facilities.
For example, since Zhao Houlin of the International Telecommunications Union took his post he began to aggressively promote Huawei sales. Secretary-General Fang Liu of the International Civil Aviation Organization has blocked Taiwan’s participation in General Assembly meetings and covered up a Chinese hack of the organization. The Party has used China’s membership on the UN Human Rights Council to prevent criticism of its abuses in Xinjiang and Hong Kong.
The CCP’s reach extends to heads of international organizations who are not themselves Chinese officials. Under Beijing’s thumb, and at an unacceptable cost to human life, Director-General Tedros of the World Health Organization dutifully used Chinese talking points on the Wuhan virus. As late as mid-January, he claimed there was no human-to-human transmission of the disease. He opposed international travel restrictions. At the same time, Tedros praised China’s own domestic travel restrictions on Wuhan residents. In other words, they could travel overseas, but they could not travel and potentially take the virus to Beijing or Shanghai. These CCP tactics in international organizations, as we have seen with the coronavirus, are a major cause of concern not just for the United States, but to the world.
The good news is that under President Trump’s leadership, we know what the CCP is doing, we are calling it out, and we are taking decisive action to counter it across the board.[8]
First, President Trump prevented certain companies that answer to the CCP’s intelligence and security apparatus—such as Chinese telecommunications giant Huawei—from accessing our personal and private data.[9] The Administration also imposed restrictions on U.S. semiconductor technology from going to Huawei.[10]
Second, the State Department designated the U.S. operations of 9 Chinese state-controlled propaganda outlets as foreign missions.[11] These organizations are the mouthpieces of the Chinese Communist Party. This designation places reporting requirements and visa restrictions on these so-called media outlets.
Third, President Trump imposed export restrictions on 21 Chinese government entities and 16 Chinese companies complicit in China’s campaign of repression, mass arbitrary detention, forced labor and high-technology surveillance against Uyghurs and other minorities, and we have blocked officials complicit in these abuses from travelling to the United States.[12] The Administration has also stopped the illegal import of goods produced by Chinese companies known to use Uyghur forced labor.[13]
Fourth, President Trump left the United Nations Human Rights Council to protest its cooptation by China.[14] He has terminated the U.S. relationship with the World Health Organization, because its response to the pandemic showed that it is beholden to China.[15] Instead of funding the corrupt WHO in Geneva with over $400 million per year, the United States and its generous taxpayers will send that money directly to where it is needed most—frontline healthcare workers serving in developing countries around the world.
Fifth, President Trump limited the People’s Liberation Army’s ability to use student visa programs to place its officers and employees in our colleges and universities to steal U.S. technology, intellectual property, and information.[16]
Sixth, the President moved to halt the investment of U.S. federal employee retirement funds into PRC companies, including Chinese military contractors and manufacturers of surveillance equipment used to oppress religious minorities.[17] He is examining the opaque accounting practices of Chinese companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges.[18]
This week, the Defense Department is submitting to Congress a list of People’s Liberation Army-linked companies with operations in the United States so that the American people are fully informed about exactly with whom they are doing business.
Now, these steps are just the start as America corrects 40 years of a one-sided, unfair relationship with China that has severely affected our nation’s economic and, recently, political well-being. Just like the tariffs that were imposed by the President on unfair trade practices early in his Administration, there is more to come.
President Trump understands that lasting peace comes through strength. We are the strongest nation on earth, and we will not bend to the CCP. As the foregoing actions demonstrate, the Trump Administration is countering CCP malign activity. The Trump Administration will speak out and reveal what the Chinese Communist Party believes, and what it is planning—not just for China and Hong Kong and Taiwan, but for the world.
Together with our allies and partners, we will resist the Chinese Communist Party’s efforts to manipulate our people and our governments, damage our economies, and undermine our sovereignty. The days of American passivity and naivety regarding the People’s Republic of China are over.
We will stay true to our principles—especially freedom of speech—which stand in stark contrast to the Marxist-Leninist ideology embraced by the CCP. Under President Trump’s leadership, we will encourage diversity of thought, resist efforts to police speech or encourage self-censorship, protect Americans’ personal data, and above all, continue to proclaim that all women and men are entitled by right of God to liberty, life, and the pursuit of happiness.
As I close, let me be clear – we have deep respect and admiration for the Chinese people. The United States has a long history of friendship with the Chinese nation. But the Chinese Communist Party does not equal China or her people.
To the Chinese Communist Party, I say, as the recent Phase One trade deal has shown, it is possible for our governments to have a productive relationship. We want good relationships with China, but we do not want relations on the terms currently on offer from Beijing.
As Americans, I am certain that we will rise to successfully meet the challenge presented by the Chinese Communist Party, just as we have responded to all the great crises over our history. President Trump is leading the way. And like President Trump, I firmly believe that our best days as a country remain ahead of us.
Again, thank you for joining me here today. It is a privilege to be here in Phoenix, Arizona. May God bless you and may God bless the United States of America.
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[1] John Garnaut, “Engineers of the Soul: Ideology in Xi Jinping’s China,” January 16, 2019, https://sinocism.com/p/engineers-of-the-soul-ideology-in
[2] John Garnaut, “Engineers of the Soul: Ideology in Xi Jinping’s China,” January 16, 2019, https://sinocism.com/p/engineers-of-the-soul-ideology-in
[3] John Garnaut, “Engineers of the Soul: Ideology in Xi Jinping’s China,” January 16, 2019, https://sinocism.com/p/engineers-of-the-soul-ideology-in
[4] “Document 9: A ChinaFile Translation,” November 8, 2013, https://www.chinafile.com/document-9-chinafile-translation
[5] “Document 9: A ChinaFile Translation,” November 8, 2013, https://www.chinafile.com/document-9-chinafile-translation
[6] Bradford Betz, “China has arrested hundreds for speaking out about coronavirus, reports show,” May 13, 2020, https://www.foxnews.com/world/china-arrested-hundreds-speaking-out-coronavirus/
[7] Hoover Institution, 2018, “Chinese Influence & American Interests: Promoting Constructive Vigilance,” https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/research/docs/chineseinfluence_americaninterests_fullreport_web.pdf
[8] White House, “United States Strategic Approach to the People’s Republic of China,” May 20, 2020, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/U.S.-Strategic-Approach-to-The-Peoples-Republic-of-China-Report-5.20.20.pdf
[9] White House, “Executive Order on Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain,” May 15, 2019, https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-securing-information-communications-technology-services-supply-chain/ and White House, “Executive Order on Establishing the Committee for the Assessment of Foreign Participation in the United States Telecommunications Services Sector,” April 4, 2020, https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-establishing-committee-assessment-foreign-participation-united-states-telecommunications-services-sector/
[10] Department of Commerce, “Commerce Addresses Huawei’s Efforts to Undermine Entity List, Restricts Products Designed and Produced with U.S. Technologies,” May 15, 2020, https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2020/05/commerce-addresses-huaweis-efforts-undermine-entity-list-restricts
[11] Department of State, “Designation of Additional Chinese Media Entities as Foreign Missions,” June 22, 2020, https://www.state.gov/designation-of-additional-chinese-media-entities-as-foreign-missions/
[12] White House, “United States Strategic Approach to the People’s Republic of China,” May 20, 2020, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/U.S.-Strategic-Approach-to-The-Peoples-Republic-of-China-Report-5.20.20.pdf; also see Department of Commerce, “Commerce Department to Add Nine Chinese Entities Related to Human Rights Abuses in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region to the Entity List,” May 22, 2020, https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2020/05/commerce-department-add-nine-chinese-entities-related-human-rights
[13] U.S. Customs and Border Patrol, “CBP Issues Detention Order on Hair Products Manufactured with Force Labor in China,” May 1, 2020, https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/cbp-issues-detention-order-hair-products-manufactured-forced-labor; also see June 17, 2020, https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/cbp-issues-detention-order-hair-products-manufactured-forced-labor-0 and October 1, 2019,
[14] White House, “President Donald J. Trump is Standing Up for Human Rights at the U.N.,” June 21, 2018, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trump-standing-human-rights-u-n/
[15] White House, “Remarks by President Trump on Actions Against China,” May 30, 2020, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-actions-china/
[16] White House, “Proclamation on the Suspension of Entry as Nonimmigrants of Certain Students and Researchers from the People’s Republic of China,” May 29, 2020, https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-suspension-entry-nonimmigrants-certain-students-researchers-peoples-republic-china/
[17] Blake Burman, “Trump orders federal retirement money invested in Chinese equities to be pulled,” May 11, 2020, https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/trump-orders-federal-retirement-money-invested-in-chinese-equities-to-be-pulled<
[18] White House, “Remarks by President Trump on Actions Against China,” May 30, 2020, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-actions-china/ |
Secretary Pompeo With Maria Bartiromo of Mornings With Maria on Fox Business Network
美国国务院
发言人办公室
访谈
国务卿迈克尓·蓬佩奥（Michael R. Pompeo）接受福克斯财经网（Fox Business Network）“与玛丽亚共度晨光”(Mornings with Maria) 节目主持人玛丽亚·巴蒂罗姆（Maria Bartiromo）的采访
2019年4月5日
纽约州纽约市（New York, New York）
* * * *
问：非常感谢你来到我们的节目。盗取知识产权的问题是我们过去谈到过的。你如何改变某些已在一个国家的文化中根深蒂固的东西？你是否认为美国将能提出某种执行机制并加以实施，以使中国人信守他们不从西方偷盗的承诺？
蓬佩奥国务卿：是的，玛丽亚，这是一个挑战。这就是为什么有关谈判进行了这么长时间，而且我们尚未完成。特朗普总统（President Trump）已经第一次公开点明中国盗取知识产权的行为，过去几十年来有数千亿美元被中国盗取。特朗普总统正在着手解决。正在完成的工作是有关这个执行机制的。如果他们言而无信，你应该怎么做？我们过去看到过中国人签署协议却并没有遵守。努钦部长（Secretary Mnuchin）和莱特希泽大使（Ambassador Lighthizer）所肩负的使命是以这种方式达成这项协议：即在协议完成之后，在签字仪式之后，美国公司可以确信能够在中国从事经营而不必承担知识产权遭到窃取的重大风险，而且一旦出现风险，他们也将有挽回损失的工具。
* * * *
蓬佩奥国务卿：玛丽亚，中国有不遵守其宪法的长期历史，中国自己的宪法规定人民可以践行他们的信仰。而在今天，他们已经在他们国家的一个地区围捕了近100万名穆斯林和维吾尔人，并恶劣地对待他们。他们说那是再教育营，但坦率地说，他们不让人们进去看看那里到底在发生什么——有关的途径极其有限。我上周在我的办公室会见了四名维吾尔族人，其中一位——
* * * *
问：这些人是这类营地的幸存者，或者不管他们所说的名称是什么。
蓬佩奥国务卿：这些人是——他们有些人是幸存者，还有些人的家人在这类营地里。其中一位，在我们会面之后，他的姨妈（aunt）和舅舅（uncle）被抓捕并被送进中国的一个营地。这是他们为左右他的行为而采取的一种做法——他在美国这里——左右他在美国这里的行为。这是无法接受的。他们应当让这位姨妈和舅舅——他的母亲也在一个营地中。她应当能拿回她的美国护照。这种行径，这种对人权的践踏，是悲剧性的，是前所未有的，特朗普总统正在逐一应对这些挑战。
问：那么这是有关这项近期贸易协议的磋商的一部分？同中国方面有关更广泛的问题的磋商如何，不一定是关于一项贸易协议的交换条件？
蓬佩奥国务卿：贸易协议有其自身的商谈，其自身的对话正在进行，但这是在所有这些其他更广泛的问题的背景之下：有关将从根本上让美国人承担风险的中国使用技术的方式的问题，这种现在被用在全世界各地的来自华为的技术。这是一个与中国政府非常靠近，而且将会做中国政府让它去做的事情的公司。因此，我们发出了警告，敦促全世界各国及安全机构不要采用这一技术。同中国的挑战是多方面的，我们正在逐一应对，有时分别解决，但往往是作为同中国的更广泛的对话的一部分，要求他们以符合美国所珍视的价值观的方式从事贸易、有关行为以及人权和人权活动。
* * * *
问：总统非常重视同中国的有关芬太尼的协议，即他们将承诺会列管所有各级芬太尼。让我们密切关注这个问题，并请你在这里告诉我你的看法，因为我想有一个问题，就是中国说芬太尼用在很多东西中，其中包括肥料。你如何确保芬太尼不会跨境进来，因为这难道不是阿片类药物的合成前体吗？
蓬佩奥国务卿：它是。这是一个非常重要的问题。习主席对特朗普做出的承诺是一项非常重要的承诺。现在中国应当贯彻执行。我们看到了一些进展，中国内部的一些管理方面的进展。我们希望他们履行承诺。总统今天去了边境地区。那里的危机的因素之一——我们在特朗普总统如此重视的边境地区所发生的人们的苦难中可以看到——但他还重视毒品问题，即进入全国各地的毒品。这种来自中国的芬太尼往往就是从那个边境地区经过墨西哥贩运的。这是我们必须对我们的边境今天存在的危机加以控制的又一个原因。 | INTERVIEW
Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo With Maria Bartiromo of Mornings With Maria on Fox Business Network
April 5, 2019
New York, New York
* * * *
QUESTION: Thank you so much for joining us. The IP theft issue is something we’ve spoken about before. How do you change something that’s really engrained in a country’s culture? Do you think the U.S. is going to be able to come up with some kind of an enforcement mechanism to put in place so that the Chinese keep their promises of not stealing from the West?
SECRETARY POMPEO: Yeah, Maria, this is a challenge. It’s why the negotiations have taken as long as they have, and why we’re not complete yet. President Trump has, for the first time, called out China for this theft of intellectual property, hundreds of billions of U.S. dollars stolen by the Chinese over the past decades. President Trump is addressing it. The work that’s being done is about this enforcement mechanism. What is it you do if they don’t live up to the word? We’ve seen the Chinese enter into deals before where they didn’t follow through. And the mission that Secretary Mnuchin, Ambassador Lighthizer have is to get this deal done in a way that, after the deal is done, after the signing ceremony, American companies can count on the fact they can do business in China without substantial risk their IP will be stolen, and if it is, they will have a tool to recover for that loss.
* * * *
SECRETARY POMPEO: Maria, there’s a long history of China not abiding by its constitution, which says people can practice their faith, in China’s own constitution. And yet today, they’ve rounded up close to a million Muslims, Uighurs, in one part of their country, treating them horribly. They say they’re reeducation camps, but they, frankly, won’t let people in to see what’s truly going on there – very limited access to this. I met with four Uighurs last week in my office. One of them —
QUESTION: These are survivors of these camps or whatever they call them.
SECRETARY POMPEO: These are – some of them were survivors, some of them have family members in those camps. One of them, after our meeting, had his aunt and uncle rounded up and taken to a camp in China. This is the kind of thing that they do to impact his behavior, his – he’s here in America – to impact his behavior here in America. It’s unacceptable. They need to let this aunt and uncle – his mother is in a camp as well. She needs to get her U.S. passport back. This kind of behavior, these human rights abuses, are tragic, they’re historic, and President Trump is taking on each of these challenges.
QUESTION: So is this part of the discussions in terms of this near-term trade deal? What’s the discussion with the Chinese in terms of the broader issues, not necessarily a quid pro quo on a trade deal?
SECRETARY POMPEO: So the trade deal has its own conversation, its own dialogue that’s taking place, but it’s against the background of all of these other broader issues: issues with China’s use of technology in ways that will fundamentally put Americans at risk, this technology from Huawei that is now being put in place all across the world. It’s a company that’s very close to the Chinese Government and will do what the Chinese Government asks it to do. And so we have sounded the alarm urging nations, security apparatuses from around the world, not to put this technology. And the challenges with China are manifold, and we’re approaching each of them, sometimes in separate silos, but often as part of a broader conversation with China, asking them to engage in trade and conduct and human rights, and human rights activities that are consistent with the values that Americans hold dear.
* * * *
QUESTION: The President made a big deal of the fentanyl agreement with the Chinese, that they are going to promise that they’re going to classify all classes of fentanyl. Let’s watch this closely and tell me what your thoughts are here, because I guess there was one issue that the Chinese say that fentanyl is used in a lot of things, including fertilizer. How do you make sure that fentanyl is not coming over the border, because isn’t this the synthetic precursor for opioids?
SECRETARY POMPEO: It is. This is a very important issue. The commitment that President Xi made to Trump was a very important commitment. Now China needs to follow through on it. We’ve seen some progress, some administrative progress inside of China. We hope they’ll deliver on this. The President’s down at the border today. One of the elements of the crisis that’s down there – we see it in the human suffering that takes place along the border that President Trump is so focused on – but he’s also focused on narcotics, drugs that are coming across the country. This fentanyl that comes from China often is trafficked through Mexico across that very border. It’s one more reason we have to get control of the crisis that’s at our border today. |
2020年犹太美国人传统月公告
2020年4月29日发布
1654年，第一批犹太定居者抵达新阿姆斯特丹（New Amsterdam），即今天的纽约市（New York City），追求践行自身信仰的自由。在自那时以来的数百年中，犹太美国人对我国文化和国家特征作出了不计其数的贡献。从艺术到科学，从商业到公共服务，我们社会的几乎各个领域都得益于犹太美国人的才华、灵感、远见、专长、创意和奉献。我们通过庆祝犹太美国人传统月（Jewish American Heritage Month），崇尚他们的精神与坚韧，弘扬他们使我们的国家和世界丰富多姿的众多之举。
在整个历史长河中，犹太人展现了坚不可摧的精神，战胜艰难困苦、残酷压迫、暴力行径和偏执偏见。悲哀的是，男女老少犹太人今天继续面临反犹主义的歧视、迫害和暴力，犹太人的机构和敬拜场所仍然是破坏攻击的对象。我们国家已经为所发生的可怕攻击流过太多的眼泪，包括去年4月在加利福尼亚州波威（Poway, California）发生的一名凶手开枪攻击犹太会堂事件，以卑鄙邪恶的手段摧毁无辜的生命和家庭。这种丧尽天良的行为令所有正直和有仁爱之心的人深恶痛绝。仇恨不可容，它在我们的心中或社会中绝无存在之地。为此我们必须大力抗衡针对犹太社区成员的反犹主义歧视和暴力。正因为如此，我去年12月签署了一项行政命令，加强本政府的力量，打击在美国抬头的反犹主义，并建设讲求尊重、人道和平等的文化。
本月，我们再次作出承诺，绝对毫不妥协地坚定支持犹太社区，抵制反犹主义偏见，鄙视恶意的仇恨攻击。犹太美国人通过奉献家庭，尊重宝贵的传统和奉行将所有信仰和背景的美国人团结在一起的正义与平等的价值观，加强、维护和激励我们的国家。我们对犹太美国人继续为我们的社会和我们的生活方式作出的重大贡献表示感谢。
为此，我，美利坚合众国总统唐纳德·J·特朗普（DONALD J. TRUMP），以宪法和法律赋予我的权力，特此宣布2020年5月为犹太美国人月。我呼吁美国人民弘扬犹太美国人的历史传统和贡献，并以适当的项目、活动和仪式庆祝这个月。
我谨于公元2020年，即美利坚合众国独立第244年之4月29日，亲笔在此签名为证。
唐纳德·J·特朗普 | In 1654, the first Jewish settlers arrived in New Amsterdam, present day New York City, seeking the freedom to practice their faith. In the centuries since, Jewish Americans have contributed in countless ways to our country’s culture and character. From the arts and sciences to business and public service, nearly every facet of our society has benefitted from the talent, inspiration, vision, expertise, ingenuity, and sacrifice of Jewish Americans. We honor their spirit and resiliency during Jewish American Heritage Month and celebrate the myriad of ways they enrich our country and the world.
Throughout history, the Jewish people have demonstrated an unbreakable spirit, overcoming suffering, cruel oppression, violence, and bigotry. Tragically, Jewish men, women, and children continue to face anti-Semitic discrimination, persecution, and violence today, and Jewish institutions and places of worship remain targets of vandalism and destruction. Our country has wept too many times in the aftermaths of horrific attacks, including last April when a murderer opened fire in a synagogue in Poway, California, taking innocent life and shattering families in a cowardly display of evil. Such unconscionable acts are an abomination to all decent and compassionate people. Hatred is intolerable and has no place in our hearts or in our society. We must therefore vigorously confront anti-Semitic discrimination and violence against members of the Jewish community. That is why I signed an Executive Order last December, bolstering my Administration’s efforts to combat the rise of anti-Semitism in the United States and build a culture of respect, humanity, and equality.
This month, we reaffirm our commitment to never compromise our steadfast support for the Jewish community, our rejection of anti-Semitic bigotry, and our disdain for malicious attacks of hatred. Jewish Americans strengthen, sustain, and inspire our country through dedication to family, respect for cherished traditions, and commitment to the values of justice and equality that unite Americans of every faith and background. We give thanks for the profound contributions that Jewish Americans continue to make to our society, and way of life.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim May 2020 as Jewish American Heritage Month. I call upon Americans to celebrate the heritage and contributions of American Jews and to observe this month with appropriate programs, activities, and ceremonies.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and forty-fourth.
DONALD J. TRUMP |
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2020年3月16日
通报
以下文本由发言人摩根·奥特加斯（Morgan Ortagus）提供
3月16日，国务卿迈克尔·蓬佩奥（Michael R. Pompeo）与中国共产党外事工作委员会办公室主任杨洁篪通话。国务卿蓬佩奥对中华人民共和国力图将COVID-19的责任转嫁美国表示强烈反对。国务卿强调，现在不是散布不实之词和不经之谈的时候，而需要所有的国家齐心协力抗击这个共同的威胁。 | U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesperson Washington, D.C. March 16, 2020
READOUT
Secretary Pompeo’s Call with People’s Republic of China Politburo Member Yang Jiechi
The below is attributable to Spokesperson Morgan Ortagus:
Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo spoke by phone on March 16 with Yang Jiechi, Director of the Office of Foreign Affairs of the Communist Party of China. Secretary Pompeo conveyed strong U.S. objections to PRC efforts to shift blame for COVID-19 to the United States. The Secretary stressed that this is not the time to spread disinformation and outlandish rumors, but rather a time for all nations to come together to fight this common threat. |
美国卫生与公众服务部
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2020年2月18日
[摘译]
为加速开发抗击2019新型冠状病毒的疫苗，美国卫生与公众服务部（U.S. Department of Health and Human Services）主管防备及应对的助理部长办公室（Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Preparedness and Response）已与赛诺菲（Sanofi）所属的全球性疫苗公司赛诺菲巴斯德（Sanofi Pasteur）进行接触。
隶属于主管防备及应对的助理部长办公室的生物医学高级研究与开发局（Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority）将提供专业技能以及重新调拨的经费来支持疫苗的研发。赛诺菲将利用其无鸡蛋成分的基因重组技术平台来生产一种应对2019新型冠状病毒的重组候选疫苗。
这种技术能对病毒蛋白做出精确的基因匹配。这种蛋白的DNA将与一种对人体无害的病毒的DNA组合，并用于快速生产大量的刺激免疫系统来抵御病毒的抗原。这些抗原将从这些细胞中经过分离和采集，并经过纯化，以产生用于进一步研发的疫苗工作原液。
生物医学高级研究与开发局局长瑞克·布莱特（Rick A. Bright）博士表示：“灵活性和可扩展性是快速应对一种新发传染病的基石。利用这种已经得到验证的技术。我们能够立即转而应对这种新型全球健康威胁。我们的目标是研发一种获得许可的疫苗，以提供长期的健康保障，抵御这种最新的病毒，并预防今后的冠状病毒爆发。”
* * * *
与赛诺菲的这种扩大合作是生物医学高级研究与开发局过去几周来着重于研发一种应对新型冠状病毒的候选疫苗的第二个项目。目前还没有针对新型冠状病毒感染的获得批准的疫苗、治疗或诊断方法；不过，美国食品和药物管理局（U.S. Food and Drug Administration）已发布了一项紧急使用授权（EUA），使疾病控制与预防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention）研发的一种诊断测试能够得到紧急应用。
生物医学高级研究与开发局还正在与整个政府的有关部门合作，其中包括卫生与公众服务部内的部门以及国防部（Department of Defense）。这支团队正在审核来自公共和私营部门的潜在的疫苗、治疗和诊断方法，特别是研发中的用于中东呼吸系统综合症（Middle East Respiratory Syndrome）和严重急性呼吸系统综合症（Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome）的产品，以找到有希望得到研发和许可的候选产品，来发现、抵御或治疗新型冠状病毒感染。
* * * * | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Washington, D.C.
February 18, 2020
Racing to develop a vaccine against the 2019 COVID-19, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response has engaged Sanofi Pasteur, the vaccines global business unit of Sanofi.
The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), a component of ASPR, will provide expertise and reallocated funds to support the vaccine’s development. Sanofi will use its egg-free, recombinant DNA platform to produce a recombinant COVID-19 vaccine candidate.
The technology produces an exact genetic match to proteins of the virus. The protein’s DNA will be combined with DNA from a virus harmless to humans, and used to rapidly produce large quantities of antigen which stimulate the immune system to protect against the virus. The antigens will be separated and collected from these cells and purified to create working stocks of vaccine for advanced development.
“Flexibility and scalability are cornerstones of rapid response to an emerging infectious disease,” said BARDA Director Rick A. Bright, Ph.D. “Using this proven technology, we can pivot immediately to address this new global health threat. Our goal is a licensed vaccine to provide long-term health security against this latest virus and prevent future coronavirus outbreaks.”
* * * *
This expanded collaboration with Sanofi is BARDA’s second program to focus on developing a COVID-19 vaccine candidate in the past few weeks. There is currently no approved vaccine, treatment, or diagnostic for COVID-19 infections; however, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) to enable emergency use of a diagnostic test developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
BARDA also is working with counterparts across the government, including within HHS and with the Department of Defense. The team is reviewing potential vaccines, treatments and diagnostics from across the public and private sectors, particularly products in development for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), to identify promising candidates for development and licensure to detect, protect against or treat COVID-19 infections.
* * * * |
简报：拜登总统宣布具有历史意义的疫苗捐赠行动：向全世界收入最低的国家捐赠5亿剂辉瑞疫苗
白宫
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区
2021年6月10日
明年6月前交付5亿剂挽救生命的疫苗，其中2亿剂在2021年底前交付
捐赠行动将为全世界民主政体齐心协力为世界各地人民接种疫苗进行的努力奠定基础
今天，拜登总统（President Biden）将宣布美国预定购买5亿剂辉瑞（Pfizer）疫苗，捐赠给92个低收入和较低中等收入国家和非洲联盟（African Union）。这个具有历史意义的行动有助于激励全球抗击疫情的努力。这是一国单独采取的最大规模购买和捐赠疫苗的行动，实属前所未有，体现了美国人民为帮助世界各地人民防范COVID-19新冠疫情的承诺。拜登总统还将要求全世界各民主政体为全球供应安全和有效的疫苗尽一份力量。这次捐赠行动的目标是挽救生命，结束疫情，为今后几天宣布的进一步行动奠定基础。
由于我们实施的疫苗项目，美国正在国内逐步战胜COVID-19新冠疫情。在短短4个半月内，美国64%的成人已接种至少一剂疫苗，每日的死亡率低于疫情的任何时期，我们的经济正在重新反弹。目前，为了战胜全球疫情，美国正在发挥我国民主的力量、美国科学家的聪明才智和美国制造业的实力帮助全世界接种疫苗。
今天宣布的这项具有历史意义的行动紧随拜登总统要求在6月底前从美国的供应中捐赠至少8,000万剂疫苗的决定。此外，美国已经为COVID-19新冠疫苗全球获取机制（COVAX）贡献20亿美元资金，供款数额超过其他任何国家，同时目前正在支持海外当地生产安全和有效的COVID-19新冠疫苗的能力，其中包括通过四方（Quad ）计划从事的工作。
拜登总统已明确指出，边界不可能阻止这场疫情。他坚定地要求我们的国家成为战胜疫苗的军火库。为此，总统今天将宣布的具有历史意义的行动可以保护美国人民和世界各地人民的健康，使他们从这些挽救生命的疫苗中获益。
具体而言，总统今天将宣布的行动要求：
为世界各地的低收入国家提供5亿剂辉瑞疫苗：
今天拜登总统将宣布，美国政府预定购买5亿剂辉瑞-生物科技（Pfizer–BioNTech）的COVID-19新冠疫苗，根据全球疫苗联盟（Gavi）COVID-19新冠疫苗全球获取机制预先市场承诺（Advance Market Commitment）的定义，捐赠给92个低收入和较低中等收入国家和经济体及非洲联盟。疫苗将于2021年8月开始发运。2亿剂疫苗将在今年年底前交付，余下的3亿剂预定2022年上半年交付。美国将这些疫苗发放给全世界各地的低收入和较低中等收入国家，通过COVID-19疫苗全球获取机制交付。
为较低收入国家提供更多的渠道获得高质量信使核糖核酸（mRNA）疫苗：今天宣布的行动将提供已被证实对COVID-19新冠病毒具有高效并可以抗击所有已知变种的信使核糖核酸疫苗。美国已有千百万人从这些安全和有效的疫苗中获益。这次具有历史意义的捐赠行动将使世界各地最弱势的群体从这些挽救生命的疫苗中获益。
发挥美国制造业的实力帮助全世界挽救生命：辉瑞公司计划在美国各地的以下设施生产这批5亿剂的疫苗：密歇根州（Michigan）卡拉马祖（Kalamazoo），雇用3,000多名美国工人；堪萨斯州（Kansas）麦克弗森（McPherson），雇用近2,000名美国工人；密苏里州（Missouri）切斯特菲尔德（Chesterfield）和马萨诸塞州（Massachusetts）安多弗（Andover），分别雇用700名和1,800名工人。为挽救美国人生命生产疫苗的美国工人现在将为挽救全世界各地千千万万人的生命生产同样的疫苗。
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/06/10/fact-sheet-president-biden-announces-historic-vaccine-donation-half-a-billion-pfizer-vaccines-to-the-worlds-lowest-income-nations/ | FACT SHEET: President Biden Announces Historic Vaccine Donation: Half a Billion Pfizer Vaccines to the World’s Lowest-Income Nations
JUNE 10, 2021
500 million life-saving vaccines to be delivered by June of next year, including 200 million to be delivered by the end of 2021
Donation will serve as the foundation for a coordinated effort by the world’s democracies to vaccinate people around the world
Today, President Biden will announce that the United States will purchase and donate half a billion Pfizer vaccines to 92 low- and lower middle-income countries and the African Union, an historic action that will help supercharge the global fight against the pandemic. This is the largest-ever purchase and donation of vaccines by a single country and a commitment by the American people to help protect people around the world from COVID-19. President Biden will also call on the world’s democracies to do their parts in contributing to the global supply of safe and effective vaccines. The goal of today’s donation is to save lives and end the pandemic and will provide the foundation for additional actions to be announced in the coming days.
Thanks to the success of our vaccination program, the United States is beating COVID-19 here at home. 64% of adult Americans have received at least one shot in just four and a half months, daily death rates are lower than at any point in the pandemic, and our economy is rebounding. Now, the United States is using the power of our democracy, the ingenuity of American scientists, and the strength of American manufacturing to beat the pandemic globally by helping to vaccinate the world.
Today’s historic announcement comes on the heels of President Biden’s donation of at least 80 million vaccines from the United States’ supply by the end of June. Additionally, the United States has contributed two billion dollars to COVAX, more than any other nation—and is supporting local production capacity abroad for safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines, including through the Quad initiative.
President Biden has been clear that borders cannot keep this pandemic at bay and has vowed that our nation will be the arsenal of vaccines. The historic step the President will announce today therefore protects the health of the American people and the people throughout the world who will benefit from these life-saving vaccines.
Specifically, the actions the President will announce today will:
PROVIDE A HALF BILLION PFIZER VACCINES TO LOW-INCOME NATIONS AROUND THE WORLD: Today, President Biden will announce that the U.S. government will purchase half a billion doses of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines and donate to 92 low- and lower middle-income countries and economies as defined by Gavi’s COVAX Advance Market Commitment (AMC) and the African Union. The vaccines will start shipping in August 2021. 200 million doses will be delivered by the end of this year and the remaining 300 million will be delivered in the first half of 2022. The U.S. will allocate these doses to low and lower-middle income nations around the world, working through COVAX to deliver them.
GIVE LOWER INCOME NATIONS MORE ACCESS TO HIGHLY EFFECTIVE mRNA VACCINES: Today’s announcement will provide mRNA vaccines that have proven to be highly effective against COVID-19, including against all known variants. Tens of millions of Americans have benefited from these safe and effective vaccines and this historic donation will bring the life-saving benefits these vaccines provide to some of the most vulnerable populations around the world.
HARNESS THE POWER OF AMERICAN MANUFACTURING TO HELP SAVE LIVES AROUND THE WORLD. Pfizer plans to produce these half a billion doses in the U.S. at their facilities in Kalamazoo, Michigan, which employs more than 3,000 American workers; McPherson, Kansas, which employs almost 2,000 workers; Chesterfield, Missouri, and Andover, Massachusetts, which employ 700 and 1,800 workers. The American workers who produced vaccines to save American lives will now produce those same vaccines to save the lives of hundreds of millions of people around the world.
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会后汇报
发言人办公室
2021年8月12日
以下内容来自发言人内德·普赖斯：
8月12日，美国常务副国务卿温迪·谢尔曼（Wendy Sherman）会见了中华人民共和国（PRC）委任的驻美大使秦刚，欢迎他来到华盛顿DC。常务副国务卿检视了她上月在天津与中华人民共和国官员会晤时提出的问题，并表达了美国致力于继续进行讨论的决心。 | READOUT
OFFICE OF THE SPOKESPERSON
AUGUST 12, 2021
The below is attributable to Spokesperson Ned Price:
On August 12, Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman met with Appointed Ambassador from the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to the United States Qin Gang to welcome him to Washington, D.C. The Deputy Secretary reviewed issues from her meetings with PRC officials in Tianjin last month and expressed the United States’ commitment to continuing discussions. |
白宫
华盛顿特区
2022年3月24日
美国协同欧洲联盟和七国集团对400多个俄罗斯权贵、杜马成员和国防公司实施制裁；美国现已制裁了600多个制裁对象
七国集团和欧洲联盟宣布应对逃避制裁的计划，以防止对我们前所未有的制裁措施的规避和回填行径；继续挫败俄罗斯联邦中央银行部署包括黄金在内的国际储备的能力
拜登总统正在欧洲继续我们同盟国及合作伙伴的历史性协调，涉及我们应对俄罗斯针对乌克兰的战争的所有方面的措施，其中包括让那些支持普京总统的无端战争的人进一步付出沉重代价。今天，美国对400多个个人和实体实施制裁，其中包括俄罗斯权贵、杜马及其300多名成员以及国防公司，与欧洲联盟和七国集团密切协作及合作，协调并增强我们的制裁措施。
我们对俄罗斯实施的制裁是前所未有的——我们从未在其他情况下对其他任何一个国家如此迅速地、协调一致地施以极其沉重的代价。卢布已大幅贬值，而且据各市场估计将进一步下跌。莫斯科股票交易所已经关闭了数周。俄罗斯联邦中央银行已将利率翻倍至20%，而且公司企业被迫将外币换成卢布，为俄罗斯政府提供硬通货币。预期2022年的俄罗斯经济将收缩高达15%。国际金融研究所（Institute for International Finance）表示，俄罗斯国内生产总值的这种经济崩溃将使俄罗斯过去15年来的经济增长付诸东流。俄罗斯的通货膨胀已在飙升，有关分析人员预计它将升至每年15%，而且俄罗斯政府已被主要信用评级机构降为“垃圾”级。400多家多国公司已在私营部门大规模撤离中离开俄罗斯。
如果普京总统不停止这场战争，美国与盟国及合作伙伴就将致力于必定要让俄罗斯政府感受到我们目前及今后的经济行动的联合效力。
今天的行动包括：
对400多个个人和实体实施全面的封锁制裁，其中包括杜马及其成员、更多的俄罗斯权贵以及为普京的战争机器供应军火的国防公司。
其中包括：
确立一项重点应对逃避制裁的计划。七国集团领导人和欧洲联盟今天宣布了一项计划，就企图削弱我们的联合制裁行动的效力和影响力的逃避行径分享信息并协调应对措施。我们将共同努力，杜绝规避制裁或回填行径。作为这一努力的一部分，我们还将敦促其他政府采纳与七国集团和其他合作伙伴已经实施的制裁类似的措施。
继续挫败俄罗斯中央银行为了支撑俄罗斯的经济并为普京的残酷战争提供资金而部署包括黄金在内的国际储备的能力。七国集团领导人和欧洲联盟将继续共同努力挫败俄罗斯为了支撑俄罗斯的经济并为普京的战争提供资金而部署其国际储备的能力，包括阐明任何同俄罗斯联邦中央银行有关的涉及黄金的交易都涵盖在现行制裁之内。
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/03/24/fact-sheet-united-states-and-allies-and-partners-impose-additional-costs-on-russia/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。 | FACT SHEET: United States and Allies and Partners Impose Additional Costs on Russia
MARCH 24, 2022•STATEMENTS AND RELEASES
United States sanctions over 400 Russian elites, Duma members, and defense companies in coordination with the European Union and G7; U.S. has now sanctioned over 600 targets
G7 and EU announce sanctions evasion initiative to prevent circumvention and backfilling of our unprecedented sanctions; continue to blunt Central Bank of the Russian Federation’s ability to deploy international reserves including gold
President Biden is in Europe to continue our historic coordination with allies and partners on all aspects of our response to Russia’s war against Ukraine, including imposing further severe costs on those enabling President Putin’s war of choice. Today, the United States is sanctioning over 400 individuals and entities comprised of Russian elites, the Duma and more than 300 of its members, and defense companies, aligning and strengthening our sanctions in close coordination and partnership with the EU and G7.
Our sanctions on Russia are unprecedented — in no other circumstance have we moved so swiftly and in such a coordinated fashion to impose devastating costs on any other country. The ruble has depreciated substantially, and is expected by markets to weaken further. The Moscow Stock Exchange closed for weeks. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation has doubled interest rates to 20 percent and companies are being forced to turn over foreign exchange for rubles to provide the Russian Government hard currency. The economy is forecast to contract as much as 15 percent or more in 2022. This economic collapse of Russia’s GDP will wipe out the past 15 years of economic gains in Russia, according to the Institute for International Finance. Inflation in Russia is already spiking, with analysts projecting it to rise up to 15 percent on a year-over-year basis, and the Russian Government has been downgraded to “junk” status by major credit rating agencies. More than 400 multinational companies have left Russia in a mass exodus by the private sector.
As long as President Putin continues this war, the United States and allies and partners are committed to ensuring the Russian government feels the compounding effects of our current and future economic actions.
Today’s actions include:
Full blocking sanctions on more than 400 individuals and entities, including the Duma and its members, additional Russian elites, and Russian defense companies that fuel Putin’s war machine. This includes:
Establishment of an initiative focused on sanctions evasions. G7 leaders and the European Union today announced an initiative to share information about and coordinate responses related to evasive measures intended to undercut the effectiveness and impact of our joint sanctions actions. Together, we will not allow sanctions evasion or backfilling. As part of this effort, we will also engage other governments on adopting sanctions similar to those already imposed by the G7 and other partners.
Continuing to blunt the Central Bank’s ability to deploy international reserves, including gold, to prop up the Russian economy and fund Putin’s brutal war. G7 leaders and the European Union will continue to work jointly to blunt Russia’s ability to deploy its international reserves to prop up Russia’s economy and fund Putin’s war, including by making clear that any transaction involving gold related to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is covered by existing sanctions. |
在2022年5月11日前，允许美国公民、美国国民、合法永久居民，及其配偶和子女在登机离开中国上海前往美国前，不需要提供出行前COVID-19检测证明或康复文件。
美国疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）宣布，基于美国国务院的请求，其行使酌情权执行“修订版命令：所有入境美国的航空旅客必须提供Covid-19阴性检测证明或Covid-19康复文件”，并立即生效。CDC做出决定认为中国上海当前的紧急情况，可能使得个人无法满足CDC检测命令修订版的要求。此酌情权的行使仅限于下列离开中国上海的个人：美国公民；美国国民，合法永久居民（LPR）; 持有有效美国移民签证的外国公民; 与美国公民或LPR同行，且持有有效旅行证件允许他们前往美国的非移民外国公民。
虽然CDC已决定所有两岁或以上的航空乘客，除了有限的豁免外，从外国登机前往美国前，必须符合检测命令修订版的要求，但是如果适用行使此酌情权的个人，无法在要求的时间范围内进行检测，航空公司可以允许该乘客在未满足 COVID-19 阴性检测或 COVID-19 康复文件要求的情况下登机。此外，根据国际和国内公共卫生建议，以及 CDC 对国际旅行和国内公共卫生的建议，个人应采取一切必要和适当的措施，在旅行期间保护自己和他人的健康，包括在飞行期间、在公共交通工具内、在机场和其他交通枢纽，佩戴贴合良好的口罩或防护面罩来遮盖口鼻。此酌情权之行使立即生效，并将于美国东部时间2022 年 5 月 11日23:59 失效，除非有所延长。
适用行使此酌情权的个人，将不需在登机前往美国前，向航空公司提供COVID-19阴性检测结果或康复文件，或完成乘客向美利坚合众国的联合披露和证明表格的第1节。
某些适用行使此酌情权的个人,例如配偶,可能是依照第10294号总统公告COVID-19疫情大流行期间推动安全恢复全球旅行，和CDC修订版命令：执行COVID-19疫情大流行期间推动安全恢复全球旅行的总统公告，所需要提供疫苗接种证明的非移民外国公民。不被视为全剂量接种可被接受的 COVID-19 疫苗的个人，可以通过向最近的美国大使馆提交例外请求，申请疫苗接种要求的人道主义或紧急豁免。如需更多信息，请访问COVID-19 信息 – 美国驻华大使馆和领事馆。
如遇紧急情况，请致电+(86) (10) 8531-4000联系大使馆或所在领区的总领事馆。 获取更多信息，请见https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/zh/contact-zh/ 或者发送电子邮件至：
驻北京大使馆：[email protected] 驻广州总领事馆：[email protected] 驻上海总领事馆：[email protected] 驻沈阳总领事馆：[email protected]
驻武汉总领事馆：[email protected] | Allowing U.S. Citizens, U.S. Nationals, Lawful Permanent Residents, and their Spouses and Children Leaving Shanghai, China, to Travel to the United States Without a Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test or Documentation of Recovery through May 11, 2022
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has announced that, based on a request from the U.S. Department of State, it is exercising its enforcement discretion regarding its “Amended Order: Requirement for Proof of Negative COVID-19 Test Result or Recovery from COVID-19 for All Airline Passengers Arriving into the United States,” effective immediately. CDC has determined that the current exigent circumstances in Shanghai, China may preclude individuals from meeting the requirements of CDC’s amended Testing Order. This exercise of enforcement discretion is limited to the following individuals departing Shanghai, China: U.S. Citizens; U.S. Nationals, Lawful Permanent Residents (LPR); noncitizens in possession of a valid U.S. immigrant visa; and noncitizen nonimmigrants who are traveling with a U.S. citizen or LPR and possess valid travel documents allowing them to travel to the United States.
While CDC has determined that all air passengers two years of age or older, with limited exemptions, boarding a flight to the United States from a foreign country must meet the requirements of the amended Testing Order, if individuals subject to this exercise of enforcement discretion are not able to be tested in the timeframe required, the airlines may proceed with boarding these individuals without meeting the requirement of a negative COVID-19 test or documentation of recovery from COVID-19. Additionally, consistent with international and domestic public health recommendations, and consistent with CDC recommendations for international travel and domestic public health recommendations, individuals should take all necessary and appropriate steps to protect the health of themselves and others during travel, including by properly wearing a well-fitting mask or respirator to keep the nose and mouth covered during the flight, as well as on public transportation and in airports and other transportation hubs. This exercise of enforcement discretion is effective immediately and will expire on May 11, 2022, at 23:59 ET, subject to any further extensions.
Individuals covered by this exercise of enforcement discretion will not be required to provide proof of a negative COVID-19 test result or documentation of recovery prior to boarding a flight to the United States, or to complete the attestation at Section 1 of the Combined Passenger Disclosure and Attestation to the United States of America form.
Some individuals who are subject to this enforcement discretion, such as spouses, may be noncitizen nonimmigrants who are required to show proof of vaccination under Presidential Proclamation 10294 on Advancing the Safe Resumption of Global Travel During the COVID-19 Pandemic and CDC’s Amended Order: Implementing Presidential Proclamation on Advancing the Safe Resumption of Global Travel During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Individuals who are not considered fully vaccinated with an accepted COVID-19 vaccine may apply for a humanitarian or emergency exception to the vaccination requirement by submitting an exception request to the nearest U.S. Embassy. For more information visit COVID-19 Information – U.S. Embassy & Consulates in China.
In case of emergency, please reach out to the Embassy or Consulate General in your consular district by calling +(86)(10) 8531-4000. Further information can also be found at https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/contact/ and emailing: |
乔·拜登总统就参议院通过《COVID-19新冠仇恨犯罪法》发表声明
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区
2021年4月23日
我欢迎美国参议院（United States Senate）和美国亚洲太平洋裔国会党团会议（Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus）领导层以压倒性多数通过《COVID-19新冠仇恨犯罪法》（COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act）。这项具有重大意义的立法促使我国为实现美国亚裔、夏威夷原住民和太平洋诸岛群体的正义和平等又迈出了一步。同时，我很高兴看到参议院纳入两党一致通过的《贾巴拉·海尔反仇视法》（Jabara-Heyer NO HATE Act）作为修正案，进一步推进我们全国强烈反对仇恨和暴力行为的努力。
一年多以来，太多的美国亚裔每天早上醒来时都对自己的安全和亲人的安全越来越感到忧心忡忡。他们替人受过，遭到骚扰和袭击；有些人甚至被杀害。随着从东海岸到西海岸针对亚裔的偏见和暴力日趋加剧，他们在担心自己生命的恐惧中生活已有一年之久——使我们的美国同胞被迫承担这种无端的重负，即使在如此众多的美国亚裔投身防疫第一线不知疲倦地为自己的社区和我们的国家服务的情况下也是如此。
纵观我国历史。在发生针对美国亚裔的仇恨和暴力行为之际，人们往往沉默以对。我们的国家必须同心协力公开反对仇恨行为，同时毫不含糊地宣告：这种行为大错特错。这些不是美国应有的作为，必须被制止。我感谢参议员广野（Hirono）、参议员达克沃斯（Duckworth）、众议员孟昭文（Meng）女士和美国亚洲太平洋裔国会党团会议主席，众议员赵美心（Chu）女士以坚守不渝和勇敢的精神在这个问题上发挥领导作用——我期待众议院（House of Representatives）迅速予以考虑和通过，使这项重要的立法经签署成为法律。 | Statement of President Joe Biden on Senate Passage of the COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act
APRIL 23, 2021
I applaud the United States Senate and the leadership of the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus (CAPAC) for passing the COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act by an overwhelming margin. This critical legislation will bring our nation one step closer to achieving justice and equality for Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander communities. And, I was happy to see the Senate add the bipartisan Jabara-Heyer NO HATE Act as an amendment, which will further our national efforts to stand strongly against acts of hate and violence.
For more than a year, far too many Asian Americans have woken up each morning increasingly fearful for their safety and the safety of their loved ones. They have been scapegoated, harassed, and assaulted; some have even been killed. It has been over a year of living in fear for their lives, as acts of anti-Asian bias and violence have accelerated from coast to coast — an unconscionable burden our fellow Americans have been forced to bear, even as so many Asian Americans serve their communities and our nation tirelessly on the front lines of the pandemic.
Too often throughout our history, acts of hate and violence directed at Asian Americans have been met with silence. Our nation must stand together to speak out against hate, and declare unequivocally: These acts are wrong. They are un-American. And they must stop. I am grateful to Senator Hirono, Senator Duckworth, Congresswoman Meng, and CAPAC’s Chair, Congresswoman Chu, for their persistent and courageous leadership on this issue — and I look forward to swift consideration and passage in the House of Representatives, and signing this important legislation into law. |
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿特区
2022年3月15日
对俄罗斯和白俄罗斯政府犯下的侵犯人权的行径追究责任
安东尼·布林肯国务卿的声明
美国在盟国及合作伙伴的支持下，正在采取行动对俄罗斯和白俄罗斯政府在他们的国境内外践踏及侵犯人权的行径追究责任。通过这样做，我们重申对普京总统在乌克兰发动有预谋的、无端无理的战争，以及卢卡申科政权为俄罗斯联邦的入侵提供支持和便利进行谴责。普京总统针对乌克兰的军事行动已造成深重的、本不应有的苦难，数以百计甚至可能数以千计的平民的伤亡，其中包括儿童，以及越来越多的有关践踏及侵犯人权的报道。
与此同时，俄罗斯政府加剧了对本国公民——包括媒体成员在内——的表达自由的压制，以及对结社自由与和平集会自由的压制。如今在俄罗斯，那些如实报道这场入侵或批评普京的人面临着刑事指控。同样地，白俄罗斯的卢卡申科政权继续暴力镇压公民社会、反战抗议人士、民主反对派、独立媒体和普通的白俄罗斯人。
对此，国务院宣布采取一系列行动，对俄罗斯联邦和白俄罗斯政府践踏及侵犯人权的行径追究责任。这些行动包括：
此外，财政部的外国资产管制办公室（Office of Foreign Assets Control）根据《2012年谢尔盖·马格尼茨基法治与责任法》(Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012)，正在针对俄罗斯联邦内务部车臣共和国分部的库尔恰洛伊地区（Kurchaloi District of the Chechen Republic Branch of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation）的两名官员，库尔恰洛伊地区检察官和位于莫斯科的一名地区法院法官，实施制裁。外国资产管制办公室也重新将行径腐败的亚历山大·卢卡申科定为制裁对像，并且根据《第13405号行政命令》（E.O. 13405），将卢卡申科家庭成员加林娜·卢卡申科定为制裁对像。
以普京总统为首的俄罗斯当局一再攻击人权倡导人士、和平的异议人士和揭弊人，而且在对乌克兰进行无情战争的同时继续这样做。俄罗斯政府没有采取足够措施识别、调查、起诉或惩处侵权或违规的大部分官员，造成让这一切逍遥法外的氛围。同样，卢卡申科政权在加紧支持入侵乌克兰的同时，继续残酷镇压和平活动人士。我们正在以行动反击独裁者对民主的攻击。美国将继续要让那些在俄罗斯、乌克兰、白俄罗斯和其他地方支持、促成和犯下践踏人权行径的人承担责任。
有关财政部今天行动的完整清单，请见新闻稿：https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0654
欲查看原稿内容:https://www.state.gov/promoting-accountability-for-human-rights-abuses-perpetrated-by-the-governments-of-russia-and-belarus/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。 | Promoting Accountability for Human Rights Abuses Perpetrated by the Governments of Russia and Belarus
PRESS STATEMENT
ANTONY J. BLINKEN, SECRETARY OF STATE
MARCH 15, 2022
The United States, with support from Allies and partners, is taking action to promote accountability for the Russian and Belarusian governments’ human rights abuses and violations within and outside their borders. In doing so, we reiterate our condemnation of President Putin’s premeditated, unjustified, and unprovoked war against Ukraine, as well as the Lukashenka regime’s support and facilitation of the Russian Federation’s invasion. President Putin’s military campaign against Ukraine has caused extensive and needless suffering, many hundreds and likely thousands of civilian casualties, including children, and growing reports of human rights abuses and violations.
At the same time, the Russian government has intensified a crackdown against its own citizens’ freedom of expression, including for members of the press, as well as freedom of association and peaceful assembly. Today in Russia, those who provide factual reporting on the invasion or criticize Putin face criminal charges. Similarly, the Lukashenka regime in Belarus continues its violent repression against civil society, anti-war protestors, the democratic opposition, independent media, and ordinary Belarusians.
In response, the Department of State is announcing a series of actions to promote accountability for the Russian Federation’s and Government of Belarus’s human rights abuses and violations. These include:
Additionally, the Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is imposing sanctions on Kurchaloi District of the Chechen Republic Branch of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, two of its officers, a Kurchaloi District prosecutor, and a district court judge in Moscow, pursuant to the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012. OFAC is also re-designating Alyaksandr Lukashenka for his corrupt practices, and, pursuant to E.O. 13405, designating Galina Lukashenka as a member of Lukashenka’s family.
Under President Putin, Russian authorities have repeatedly targeted human rights advocates, peaceful dissenters, and whistleblowers, and they continue to do so amidst their ruthless war on Ukraine. The Russian government has failed to take adequate steps to identify, investigate, prosecute, or punish most officials who committed abuses or violations, resulting in a climate of impunity. Likewise, the Lukashenka regime continues its brutal crackdown on peaceful activists while it intensifies its support to the invasion of Ukraine. We are taking action against this autocratic attack on democracy. The United States will continue to promote accountability for those who support, enable, and perpetrate human rights abuses in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and elsewhere.
For a complete list of today’s Department of the Treasury actions, please see this press release: https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0654 |
安东尼·布林肯（Antony J. Blinken）国务卿将于6月16日至21日访问中华人民共和国北京和英国伦敦。
在北京期间，布林肯国务卿将与中华人民共和国高级别官员会晤，讨论保持畅通的沟通渠道对于负责任地管理美国与中华人民共和国的关系的重要性。他还将提出受到关切的双边问题、全球和地区事务，以及在共同的跨国挑战方面的潜在合作。
在伦敦，国务卿将出席乌克兰恢复重建会议（Ukraine Recovery Conference），以帮助调动公共和私营部门的国际支持，援助乌克兰从俄罗斯的残酷和持续攻击下恢复重建。在伦敦期间，他还将会晤英国、乌克兰以及其他合作伙伴和盟国的有关官员。
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.state.gov/secretary-blinkens-trip-to-the-peoples-republic-of-china-and-the-united-kingdom/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。 | Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken will travel to Beijing, the People’s Republic of China (PRC), and London, the United Kingdom, June 16-21. While in Beijing, Secretary Blinken will meet with senior PRC officials where he will discuss the importance of maintaining open lines of communication to responsibly manage the U.S.-PRC relationship. He will also raise bilateral issues of concern, global and regional matters, and potential cooperation on shared transnational challenges. In London, the Secretary will attend the Ukraine Recovery Conference to help mobilize international support from the public and private sector to help Ukraine recover from Russia’s brutal and ongoing attacks. While there, he will also meet with counterparts from the United Kingdom, Ukraine, and other partners and allies.
Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken will travel to Beijing, the People’s Republic of China (PRC), and London, the United Kingdom, June 16-21.
While in Beijing, Secretary Blinken will meet with senior PRC officials where he will discuss the importance of maintaining open lines of communication to responsibly manage the U.S.-PRC relationship. He will also raise bilateral issues of concern, global and regional matters, and potential cooperation on shared transnational challenges.
In London, the Secretary will attend the Ukraine Recovery Conference to help mobilize international support from the public and private sector to help Ukraine recover from Russia’s brutal and ongoing attacks. While there, he will also meet with counterparts from the United Kingdom, Ukraine, and other partners and allies. |
Mission Logo
讲话
克尔斯滕∙D∙麦迪逊
国际麻醉品与执法事务局助理国务卿
华盛顿DC
2019年3月6日
________________________________________
我们都痛苦地意识到我国阿片类药物危机的毁灭性影响。从这个角度来看：在70年代海洛因危机的高峰时期以及80年代末期/ 90年代初可卡因危机爆发时，我们在一年内大约3,000至4,000名美国人因使用过量而死亡。2017年，有70,000多例致命的毒品使用过量，其中三分之二与阿片类药物有关，特别是芬太尼。
如你们听到特朗普总统所说的，大部分阿片类药物来自中国——这也是为什么总统亲自敦促他的对口官员与我们合作以制止这种致命的浪潮。习主席作出了承诺——现在我们在努力让他的政府信守诺言。
随着来自中国的芬太尼混入毒品供应，犯罪分子不仅显著增加了利润，而且还增加了能力。
下周，我将率领美国代表团——一个成员广泛的联邦团队——前往维也纳的麻醉药品委员会，在那里我们将致力于确保对致命合成物的更多国际控制，塑造国际毒品政策的未来，并聚集伙伴以帮助我们压缩毒品贩运者在全球范围内活动的空间。
今天的毒品危机因全球化和新技术而强化，与之前的威胁不可同日而语。越来越多地，合成物正在暗网上出售，并用匿名加密货币支付。它们通过邮寄或托运被运送到美国的小城镇。这是一个易于获得和分散的致命的供应链。这种动态威胁意味着我们需要以创新的方式与全球志同道合的伙伴合作。 | Remarks
Kirsten D. Madison
Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs
Washington, DC
March 6, 2019
We are all painfully aware of the devastating impact of the opioids crisis in our country. To put it into perspective: at the peak of the ‘70s heroin crisis and the late ‘80s/early ‘90s crack cocaine crisis, we were losing approximately 3,000 to 4,000 Americans in a year to overdose deaths. In 2017, there were over 70,000 fatal drug overdoses, with two thirds of those linked to opioids, particularly fentanyl.
As you heard from President Trump, most of the opioids are coming from China — which is why the President has personally pressed his Chinese counterpart to work with us to stem this deadly tide. President Xi has made the commitment – now we are engaged in the effort to hold his government to it.
With fentanyl from China mixed into the drug supply, criminals have not only significantly increased profits, but also potency.
Next week, I will lead the U.S. delegation –a broad federal team — to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs in Vienna where we will be working to secure more international controls of deadly synthetics, shaping the future of international drug policy, and gathering partners to help us narrow the space in which drug traffickers operate globally.
Today’s drug crisis, turbocharged by globalization and new technology, is not like the threats of old. Increasingly, synthetics are being sold on the dark net and paid for with anonymizing crypto currencies. They are dropped in the mail or consignment shipped into the small towns of America. It is a perniciously accessible and diffuse supply chain. This dynamic threat means that we need to work in innovative ways with like-minded partners across the globe. |
国务卿讲话:向北看:突出美国的北极焦点
讲话
迈克尔· R·蓬佩奥
国务部
芬兰 罗瓦涅米
2019年5月6日
世界长久以来都感受到北极磁铁般的吸力，但是从来没有像今天这般强烈。
出于我稍后将会解释的原因，该区域已经成为权力和竞争的竞技场。而八个北极国家必须适应这一新的未来。
在其最初的20年里，难能可贵的是，北极理事会可以几乎心无旁骛地专注于科技协作、文化事宜、环境研究 — 都是重要的话题，非常重要，而且我们应该继续做这些。
但是在接下来的100年，我们不再有这种难能可贵了。
在北极，我们正在进入战略接触的新时代，还包括对北极及其领地以及对我们在该区域所有利益的新威胁。
在我们坐下来召开明天的正式理事会会议之前，我想发表一下意见，让大家了解利害攸关以及我认为我们可以一起对此做些什么。
让我们先从最基本的原则入手：美国是一个北极国家。但是即使在购买阿拉斯加之前，我们在这里的利益可回溯数百年。
现在在这里，我们已经历了数代人。这是我们以前所未有的方式欣赏它的时候。这是美国作为北极国家和为了北极的未来站起来的时刻。因为北极远非西沃德时代的许多人所认为的贫瘠偏远地区，它身处机遇和富饶的前沿。它拥有全球未开发石油的13％、全球未开发天然气的 30％，以及大量的铀、稀土矿物、黄金、钻石和数百万平方英里的未开发资源。渔业资源丰富。
其核心 — 北冰洋 — 正在迅速呈现出新的战略意义。
近海资源 — 正在帮助各沿海国家 — 是重新竞争的对象。
海冰的稳步减少正在开辟新的通道和新的贸易机会。这可能会使亚洲和西方之间的旅行时间缩短多达20天。
北极海上航道可能会在之前到来 — 可能会成为21世纪的苏伊士运河和巴拿马运河。这把我带向了我的第二点。
第二点是这样的:为了善用北极 — 北极大陆,包括非北极国家在内的所有国家都应该有权利在此区域内以和平地方式参与接触。 美国相信自由市场。 我们从经验得知自由公平的竞争,开放、依据法治,可产生最好的结果。
但市场上的各方都必须遵守同样的规则。 违反那些规则的人就该失去他们参与该市场的权利。 有尊重和透明度才能进入市场。
我们来谈谈中国。 中国在北极理事会拥有观察员身分,但该身分的前提是基于它对北极国家主权的尊重。 美国要中国遵守这一条件,并在该区域内负责任地做出贡献。 但是中国的言行引起了对其意图的质疑。
北京自称为”近北极国家”,但中国距北极最近的距离有900英里。 只有北极国家和非北极国家,不存在第三个类别,有他项宣称也不代表中国有权得到任何东西。
这并不是说我们不欢迎中国的投资– 的确,恰恰相反。 美国和北极国家欢迎透明的、反映出经济利益和国家安全抱负的中国投资。 2012年至2017年, 中国在北极投资了将近900亿。 它在计划建造基础设施,从加拿大到西北地区,延伸至西伯利亚。
就在上个月,俄罗斯宣布将北海航道与中国的海上丝绸之路连接起来的计划,该计划将会开发从亚洲至北欧的新航道。 另外,中国已经在北极海上开发新的航道。
这是我们非常熟悉的模式的一部分。 北京用中国的钱、中国的公司和中国的劳工,企图开发关键的基础设施 – 在某些情况下,以建立中国永久的安全存在。
我们的五角大楼上周才警告,中国可能利用其北极的民间研究存在加强其军事存在,包括我们部署潜舰—包括(译者注: 他们)将潜舰部署至该区域,作为核攻击的吓阻。
我们必须密切地审视这些活动,而且我们必须 — 我们谨记从其他国家那里得到的经验。 中国在其他地方强势的行为模式,应作为我们的行为依据,并让我们知道中国可能如何对待北极。
让我们自问:我们想要广泛的北极国家或是特定来说,一些原住民社群,步上斯里兰卡或马来西亚前政府的后尘 – 受困于债务及腐败吗?我们想要北极关键的基础设施落得像中国在埃塞俄比亚建造的道路一样, 没几年就摇摇欲坠、危险不堪吗? 我们想要北极海成为新的南中国海,充满了军事化和相互竞争的领土声索吗? 我们想要脆弱的北极环境暴露于中国在其沿岸海域的渔船所带来的同样的生态破坏,或是其国内不受管制的工业活动吗? 我认为答案很清楚。 | Remarks Michael R. Pompeo
Secretary of State Rovaniemi, Finland May 6, 2019
SECRETARY POMPEO: Thank you, Ambassador. I know you’re enjoying your time here tremendously, and you are doing an outstanding job.
It’s great to look out here and see so many friends, too. Who’d have thought I could come this far north and know this many people? It is heartening to me.
I grew up in southern California about four minutes from Disneyland, which claims to be the happiest place on Earth by trademark, so you all have some work to do here. Get the trademark.
Thanks for being here. Thanks especially to Foreign Minister Soini, Foreign Minister Thordarson, Michelson, and Minister Bagger. I also understand we have Mayor Lotvonen here, and lots of city leaders from this special place. I’m looking forward to my stay here. Thanks for your hospitality, too. I’m touched by your warm welcome. This is only the second time I’ve had the opportunity to visit Finland, but I really do feel, as I said earlier, that I’m among friends.
The Finnish people have a tradition of hospitality for visiting Americans. I love the story of Eleanor Roosevelt and her visit to this city in 1950 to check on your postwar reconstruction progress. It was short notice, and the Finns wanted to place a special – had a special place for her arrival. So they had an architect design a cabin overnight and mobilize their best construction crew to build that place. Her plane touched down just as the outer door was being fitted in. The townspeople were ushered in, and grand welcoming ceremony, and that cabin still stands today.
So as you can see, we’ve been friends for an awfully long time. In Finland and the U.S., you have a pair of nations that are celebrating our 100th year of diplomatic relations. We have a lot to look back on, but also a great deal to look forward to, and I want to speak today about our future – not just about our bilateral future, but about our future in this region, here in the Arctic. And what better place to do it, for me to have the opportunity to participate in the Arctic Council?
It’s an honor to gather here this week with fellow members, the seven other nations in addition to the United States and the proud indigenous people. I’m not the first secretary of state in recent memory to participate in the Arctic Council proceedings, and you can be sure that I will not be the last. I might, however, be the first to give a major address outside of those formal proceedings.
And I wanted to do so because the importance of what I came here for transcends any one forum.
The world has long felt magnetic pull towards the Arctic, but never more so than today.
For reasons I’ll explain in a moment, the region has become an arena for power and for competition. And the eight Arctic states must adapt to this new future.
In its first two decades, the Arctic Council has had the luxury of focusing almost exclusively on scientific collaboration, on cultural matters, on environmental research – all important themes, very important, and we should continue to do those.
But no longer do we have that luxury of the next hundred years.
We’re entering a new age of strategic engagement in the Arctic, complete with new threats to the Arctic and its real estate, and to all of our interests in that region.
Before we sit down for tomorrow’s formal council meetings, I want to give a voice to a sense of what’s at stake and what I think we can do together about it.
Let’s start with the most fundamental principle: The United States is an Arctic nation. But even before the purchase of Alaska, our interest here stretched back centuries.
Indigenous peoples have lived in the Arctic for generations, well before there was an America to speak of. In the 1730s, winters from – or excuse me, whalers from New England traveled the Davis Strait between Canada and Greenland. In the 1800s, our polar explorers were celebrities.
The funeral procession for one of them, Elisha Kent Kane, was said to be the second largest of the century, bested only by the Lincolns.
Alaska was purchased by the United States in 1857, and the deal was over – was completed by Secretary of State William Seward. After he retired, Seward wasted – excuse me, Seward was asked, what’s the greatest contribution he made during his long and very distinguished career. He had to pause for just one moment to say that the purchase of Alaska was my most important undertaking, but it will take the country a generation to truly appreciate that.
Now here we are multiple generations later. This is our time to appreciate it like never before. This is America’s moment to stand up as an Arctic nation and for the Arctic’s future. Because far from the barren backcountry that many thought it to be in Seward’s time, the Arctic is at the forefront of opportunity and abundance. It houses 13 percent of the world’s undiscovered oil, 30 percent of its undiscovered gas, and an abundance of uranium, rare earth minerals, gold, diamonds, and millions of square miles of untapped resources. Fisheries galore.
And its centerpiece, the Arctic Ocean, is rapidly taking on new strategic significance.
Offshore resources, which are helping the respective coastal states, are the subject of renewed competition.
Steady reductions in sea ice are opening new passageways and new opportunities for trade. This could potentially slash the time it takes to travel between Asia and the West by as much as 20 days.
Arctic sea lanes could come before – could come the 21s century Suez and Panama Canals. And that leads me to my second point.
The second point is this: To leverage the Arctic’s – the Arctic continental, all nations, including non-Arctic nations, should have a right to engage peacefully in this region. The United States is a believer in free markets. We know from experience that free and fair competition, open, by the rule of law, produces the best outcomes.
But all the parties in the marketplace have to play by those same rules. Those who violate those rules should lose their rights to participate in that marketplace. Respect and transparency are the price of admission.
And let’s talk about China for a moment. China has observer status in the Arctic Council, but that status is contingent upon its respect for the sovereign rights of Arctic states. The U.S. wants China to meet that condition and contribute responsibly in the region. But China’s words and actions raise doubts about its intentions.
Beijing claims to be a “Near-Arctic State,” yet the shortest distance between China and the Arctic is 900 miles. There are only Arctic States and Non-Arctic States. No third category exists, and claiming otherwise entitles China to exactly nothing.
That’s not to say Chinese investment is unwelcome – indeed, quite the opposite. The United States and Arctic nations welcome transparent Chinese investments that reflect economic interest and national security ambitions. Between 2012 and 2017, China invested in the Arctic nearly $90 billion. It’s planning to build infrastructure from Canada, to the Northwest Territories, to Siberia.
Just last month, Russia announced plans to connect the Northern Sea Route with China’s Maritime Silk Road, which would develop a new shipping channel from Asia to northern Europe. Meanwhile, China is already developing shipping lanes in the Arctic Ocean.
This is part of a very familiar pattern. Beijing attempts to develop critical infrastructure using Chinese money, Chinese companies, and Chinese workers – in some cases, to establish a permanent Chinese security presence.
Our Pentagon warned just last week that China could use its civilian research presence in the Arctic to strengthen its military presence, including our deployment of submarines – including deployment of submarines to the region as a deterrent against nuclear attack.
We need to examine these activities closely, and we need – and we keep the experience we have learned of other nations in mind. China’s pattern of aggressive behavior elsewhere in the – excuse me – aggressive behavior elsewhere should inform what we do and how it might treat the Arctic.
Let’s just ask ourselves: Do we want Arctic nations broadly, or indigenous communities specifically, to go the way of former government in Sri Lanka or Malaysia, ensnared by debt and corruption? Do we want crucial Arctic infrastructure to end up like Chinese-constructed roads in Ethiopia, crumbling and dangerous after only a few years? Do we want the Arctic Ocean to transform into a new South China Sea, fraught with militarization and competing territorial claims? Do we want the fragile Arctic environment exposed to the same ecological devastation caused by China’s fishing fleet in the seas off its coast, or unregulated industrial activity in its own country? I think the answers are pretty clear.
Then there’s Russia. As a fellow Arctic Council member, Russia – the other Arctic states have fruitfully cooperated in a number of areas – expansive conservation efforts. Those are to be applauded. We want cooperation to continue. But we can’t have one side cooperate, and the other side derogate its duties.
We’re concerned about Russia’s claim over the international waters of the Northern Sea Route, including its newly announced plans to connect it with China’s Maritime Silk Road. In the Northern Sea Route, Moscow already illegally demands other nations request permission to pass, requires Russian maritime pilots to be aboard foreign ships, and threatens to use military force to sink any that fail to comply with their demands.
These provocative actions are part of a pattern of aggressive Russian behavior here in the Arctic. Russia is already leaving snow prints in the form of army boots. Russia formally announced its intent to increase its military presence in the region in 2014, when it re-opened a Cold War Arctic military base.
Since then, thanks in part to its large icebreaker fleet, Russia has been able to renovate old bases and infrastructure. It claims to have built 475 new military sites, including bases north of the Arctic Circle, as well as 16 new deep-water ports. It secures this presence through sophisticated new air defense systems and anti-ship missiles.
No one denies Russia has significant Arctic interests. We recognize that Russia is not the only nation making illegitimate claims. The U.S. has a long-contested feud with Canada over sovereign claims through the Northwest Passage.
But Russia is unique. Its actions deserve special attention, special attention of this Council, in part because of their sheer scale. But also because we know Russian territorial ambitions can turn violent. 13,000 people have been killed due to Russia’s ongoing aggressive action in Ukraine.
And just because the Artic is a place of wilderness does not mean it should become a place of lawlessness. It need not be the case. And we stand ready to ensure that it does not become so.
As I said in a speech in Chile, in Santiago just a few weeks ago, American leadership stands in stark contrast with the Chinese and Russian models. When the U.S. chaired this council, we made strides to improve suicide prevention among indigenous youth, and funded new sanitation capacity in rural villages. American commitment to the region has been bipartisan, spanning multiple administrations.
The Trump administration, however, recognizes that America could do more, and we will; we intend to. Today America is sharing its focus on the Arctic and securing its future. Under President Trump, we are fortifying America’s security and diplomatic presence in the area. On the security side, partly in response to Russia’s destabilizing activities, we are hosting military exercises, strengthening our force presence, rebuilding our icebreaker fleet, expanding Coast Guard funding, and creating a new senior military post for Arctic Affairs inside of our own military.
And we’re also leveraging the important partnerships that we will expand on even this week. NATO’s Trident Structure exercise last fall was the largest Arctic military exercise since the Cold War, with over 50,000 persons participating.
On the diplomatic side too, we’re fully engaged. We’re working to strengthen our presence across the entire region and enhance our engagement with each of our Arctic partners. I’ll have more to announce on that on a later stop on this trip.
In addition to security, President Trump is committed to leveraging resources of environmentally – in environmentally responsible ways. He knows this white expanse can also be green.
Our administration helped the Arctic states seal the Central Arctic Fisheries Agreement. It was one of the first times in history that a region banded together to preemptively solve a threat to environmental resources. We should all be very proud of that.
Our administration has also freed up energy exploration in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. We’ve exported offshore energy production in the safest way possible, while also hosting – excuse me, also hosting joint oil spill exercises with regional partners.
And I’m pleased to announce today that U.S. Secretary of Energy Rick Perry will deliver the keynote address at the Arctic Circle Assembly later this year in Iceland. He’ll also talk more there about how we plan to increase access to the Arctic’s resources, and do so in an environmentally responsible way.
Look, the facts speak for themselves: America is the world’s leader in caring for the environment. Our energy-related CO2 emissions fell by 14 percent between 2006 and 2017. The rest of the world’s rose by more than 20 percent during that same time period. Our black carbon emissions are down 16 percent since 2013 and are on track to drop by nearly half by 2035, the best of any Arctic country. Meanwhile, it isn’t clear that Russia is reducing emissions at all, despite being the largest emitter of black carbon in the entire Arctic.
The United States is achieving our reductions the American way: through scientific work, through technology, through building out safe and secure energy infrastructure, and through our economic growth, and doing it in a way that doesn’t stifle development with burdensome regulations that only create more risk to the environment.
Compare the data of the United States to China. Its – our CO2 emissions more than tripled between – excuse me, China’s CO2 emissions tripled between 2000 and 2016. Do we want that kind of output in one of the most precious and pristine corners of the world?
I want to close by talking about two principles that have long defined the Arctic – and which are needed in this new era more than ever: That’s partnerships and courage.
They’re common – they’re common threads through the centuries here in the Arctic: Indigenous peoples carved civilizations into the ice, explorers trudged onward in the face of danger and death, and soldiers and diplomats secured the region when it mattered the most. And sometimes – sometimes courage and partners came from unlikely places.
Like a bar in Duluth, Minnesota.
The year was 1955, and still at times there were no human being that was believed to have reached the North Pole by sea or land.
Yet in that bar on the shores of Lake Superior, an insurance salesman and a doctor – both middle-aged dads and living in the suburbs – decided to give it a shot. They recruited a high school geography teacher and a mechanic.
And they also sought a Canadian partner – someone more familiar with the North Country, settling on a Canadian snowplow, they snowplow – settling on a Canadian snowplow racer.
Eventually, the motley crew set out on what became a 43-day, 412-mile trek in temperatures reaching negative 60 degrees. All on the backs of snowmobiles.
They easily could have died, like so many before them. Instead, in 1968, they became the first human beings ever to reach the North Pole by land – just 15 months before Neil Armstrong made his historic first step on the moon.
Courage and partnership. Courage and partnership is what this region depends on. Especially today.
So for here at the Arctic Council, we’ve done our job. There’s more to do. We face a new era of challenge in the region. Now is the time for increased vigilance and increased partnership and even more courage.
We must hold each other accountable. And we must not allow this forum to fall victim to subversion – from Arctic or non-Arctic states.
Through courage and partnership, we can succeed. I trust that we will. And our nations – and the entire world – can look forward to a bright, peaceful, sustainable future for this indispensable region.
Thank you all for joining me here today. (Applause.) |
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿特区
2021年1月6日
迈克尔·蓬佩奥（MICHAEL R. POMPEO）国务卿
针对香港大规模逮捕民主人士发表声明
香港当局今天对50多名政界人士和民主活动人士的逮捕是一种无耻的行径，再次使人看到中国共产党对其人民和法治的蔑视。被逮捕的人完全无辜，他们不过是在行使条约向他们保证的和人性让他们享有的民主权利。他们应被立即和无条件地释放。
美国不会在香港人民遭受共产党镇压时袖手旁观。美国将考虑对参与向香港人民发起这一攻击的任何和所有个人及实体实施制裁和其他限制措施，研究对在美国的香港经济贸易办事处（Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office）施加限制，并对破坏香港民主程序的官员进一步采取立即行动。有关一名美国公民在这一政治镇压运动中被逮捕的消息令我惊骇。让我明确一点：美国绝不容忍对美国公民的任意拘留或骚扰。
美国支持香港人民和所有渴望自由的人民。据此，我高兴地宣布，美国驻联合国大使凯利·克拉夫特（Kelly Craft）将访问台湾，台湾是可靠的伙伴和生机勃勃的民主政体，尽管中共力图破坏它的成功，却欣欣向荣。台湾显示了一个自由的中国可以取得什么样的成就。 | U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Office of the Spokesperson
For Immediate Release
STATEMENT BY SECRETARY MICHAEL R. POMPEO
January 6, 2021
On the Mass Arrests of Democracy Advocates in Hong Kong
Today’s arrests of more than 50 politicians and pro-democracy advocates by local authorities in Hong Kong is an outrage, and a reminder of the Chinese Communist Party’s contempt for its own people and the rule of law. Those arrested are guilty of nothing but exercising the democratic rights promised to them by treaty, and due to them through virtue of their humanity. They should be released immediately and unconditionally.
The United States will not stand idly by while the people of Hong Kong suffer under Communist oppression. The United States will consider sanctions and other restrictions on any and all individuals and entities involved in executing this assault on the Hong Kong people, explore restrictions against the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office in the United States, and take additional immediate actions against officials who have undermined Hong Kong’s democratic processes. I am also appalled by the news of the arrest of an American citizen as part of this campaign of political repression. Let me be clear: The United States will not tolerate the arbitrary detention or harassment of U.S. citizens.
The United States supports the Hong Kong people and all who yearn for freedom. In that vein, I am pleased to announce the upcoming visit of U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Kelly Craft to Taiwan, a reliable partner and vibrant democracy that has flourished despite CCP efforts to undermine its great success. Taiwan shows what a free China could achieve. |
地点：中华人民共和国
情况：对在中华人民共和国（PRC）境内不以维护法律和秩序为目的而任意执行地方法律的行为提高警惕。这些任意执法可能包括拘留和限制离境。
美国公民可能被拘留且无法获得领事服务及关于其被指控的罪名的信息。美国公民有可能因涉及“国家安全”理由而遭长时间的审讯或长期拘留。安全人员会以发送批评中国政府私人电子讯息为由拘留和/或驱逐美国公民。
如果被拘捕，立即要求警察或监狱人员通知美国大使馆或最近的领事馆。详见下方大使馆和领事馆的联系信息。
我们建议您访问travel.state.gov了解关于威胁个人安全和安保最紧急情况时的旅行建议，并请访问相关美国大使馆和领事馆网站了解关于入境限制、对外国人的检疫政策以及当地政府提供的紧急卫生健康信息。
我们强烈建议旅行者在Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)中登记注册以获得警示信息并在紧急情况下更容易确认旅行者的所在地。国务院通过这些警示传达关于恐怖威胁、安全事故、计划发生的示威活动、自然灾害等的信息。如需紧急求助，请联系最近的美国大使馆或领事馆，或拨打1(888) 407-4747（美国及加拿大拨打免费）或从其他国家及行政区域拨打1 (202) 501-4444。
可向下列部门求助：
美国驻华大使馆
电话：+（86）（10）8531-4000
非工作时间紧急情况拨打：+（86）（10）8531-4000
邮箱：[email protected]
美国驻成都总领事馆
电话：+（86）（10）8531-4000
非工作时间紧急情况拨打: +（86）（10）8531-4000
邮箱：[email protected]
网站：https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn
美国驻广州总领事馆
电话：+（86）（28）3814-5775
非工作时间紧急情况拨打+（86）（10）8531-4000
邮箱：[email protected]
美国驻上海总领事馆
电话：+（86）（21）8011-2400
非工作时间紧急情况拨打+（86）（10）8531-4000
邮箱： [email protected] | Location: People’s Republic of China
Event: Exercise increased caution in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) due to arbitrary enforcement of local laws for purposes other than maintaining law and order. This arbitrary enforcement may include detention and the use of exit bans.
U.S. citizens may be detained without access to U.S. consular services or information about their alleged crime. U.S. citizens may be subjected to prolonged interrogations and extended detention for reasons related to “state security.” Security personnel may detain and/or deport U.S. citizens for sending private electronic messages critical of the PRC government.
If you are arrested or detained, ask police or prison officials to notify the U.S. Embassy or the nearest consulate immediately. See the contact information for the Embassy and Consulates below for further information.
You are encouraged to visit travel.state.gov to view individual Travel Advisories for the most urgent threats to safety and security. Please also visit the website of the relevant U.S. embassy or consulate to see information on entry restrictions, foreign quarantine policies, and urgent health information provided by local governments.
Travelers are urged to enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency. The Department uses these Alerts to convey information about terrorist threats, security incidents, planned demonstrations, natural disasters, etc. For emergency assistance, please contact the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate or call the following numbers: 1(888) 407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1 (202) 501-4444 from other countries or jurisdictions.
Assistance:
U.S. Embassy Beijing, China
Telephone: +(86)(10) 8531-4000
Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(86)(10) 8531-4000
Email: [email protected]
U.S. Consulate General Chengdu, China
Telephone: +(86)(10) 8531-4000
Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(86)(10) 8531-4000
Email: [email protected]
Website: https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn
U.S. Consulate General Guangzhou, China
Telephone: +(86)(20) 3814-5775
Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(86)(10) 8531-4000
Email: [email protected]
U.S. Consulate General Shanghai, China
Telephone: +(86)(21) 8011-2400
Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(86)(10) 8531-4000
Email: [email protected]
U.S. Consulate General Shenyang, China
Telephone: +(86)(24) 2322-1198
Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(86)(24) 2322-1198
Email: [email protected] |
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区
2021年12月21日
安东尼·布林肯国务卿在记者会上发表讲话
各位下午好。很高兴见到你们大家。
我想你们大都期待着这个以辛勤工作换来的假期。这真是不寻常的一年。
当我在就任国务卿的第一天走进国务院时，世界各地都在为抗击2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）实施关闭和限制措施。
当时美国只有不到1%的人接种了疫苗，而如今已超过60%。
我们当时正在应对自大萧条（Great Depression）以来最严重的经济危机。
气候危机正在加速。
我们同我们的盟友及伙伴的关系也很紧张。
而且很多人质疑美国是否有意愿——甚至是否有能力——再次引领航向。
几个指导性的前提激励了我们今年的工作。
一个是美国的参与——美国的领导力——事关重大。
世界不会自行组织起来。
当我们不参与时，当我们不引领时，会发生以下两种情况之一：要么是其他一些国家试图取代我们的地位，但可能不是以一种推动我们的利益和价值观的方式，要么是无人引领，那就会出现混乱。
不论是哪种情况，都不利于美国人民。
另外一个前提是寻求以新方式同其他国家合作及协调比以往任何时候都更加重要，因为我们所面临的并且影响到美国人民生活的极其重大的挑战——从COVID到气候再到新技术的颠覆性影响——没有一项是任何国家所能独自解决的，甚至连美国也不行。
我们今年的工作大都围绕着重建美国对外政策的根基。
这始于恢复并重振我们的同盟及伙伴关系网络——并重新参与多边体系，在这方面进行了许多日复一日的外交工作。
自1月20日以来，我们为同关键盟友的交往重新注入了活力：同北约（NATO）、欧洲联盟（European Union）、联合国（United Nations）、经济合作与发展组织（OECD）、七国集团（G7）、二十国集团（G20）以及东南亚国家联盟（ASEAN）。我们创立了美英澳三边合作关系（AUKUS）；我们通过两次领导人级别的峰会提升了四方伙伴关系（Quad）；我们发起了重建更美好世界（Build Back Better World）全球基础设施倡议。
与一年前相比，我们在几乎每个问题上都同我们的盟友和伙伴更加一致，其中包括在俄罗斯针对乌克兰及其邻国的挑衅上、在伊朗的核项目上，以及在中国试图挑战基于规则的国际秩序上。
我可以通过我在全世界每个地区同有关官员的几十次面对面的会谈来证实，他们很高兴——坦率地说是感到放心——因为美国再次参与而且再次发挥领导作用。
在今年年初，我们曾说过我们要引领终止COVID-19疫情的全球性努力。
从那以后，我们已向110多个国家捐助了超过3.3亿剂疫苗，并向明年捐助12亿剂疫苗迈进。
这比全世界其他国家的总和还多。
我们还引领世界为COVID-19疫苗全球获取机制（COVAX）提供资金，这个全球性伙伴关系在全世界公平地分发安全的疫苗。
就在今天上午，我宣布再提供5.8亿美元COVID援助资金，向遭受严重影响的地区提供拯救生命的卫生及人道主义援助。
这使美国的援助总额达到近200亿美元。
而且重要的不仅仅是我们的援助数额，还有我们的援助方式——植根于科学，基于需求，协同国际和区域机构，并且不附加任何政治条件。
我们做到这一切的原因是——正如我们看到目前正在发生的，随着奥密克戎（Omicron）变种的蔓延——在所有人都享有安全之前，没有人是安全的。
要战胜这场疫情，我们还有很长的路要走。
但让我们不要忽略我们，全世界和美国，在过去一年中取得了长足进展的事实——在美国的领导作用下——为更有效力的全球性COVID-19应对措施及拯救生命奠定了基础。
我们将继续努力实现拜登总统在他于九月召集的全球COVID峰会上制定的目标：到明年秋季为全世界70%的人口接种疫苗。
而且我们将继续引领和促进全球卫生安全，以便更好地预防、发现并应对今后的疫情。
我们曾说过要恢复美国在气候危机中的领导作用。
在第一天，我们就重新加入了《巴黎协定》（Paris Agreement）。
我们通过对气候进行重大投资——包括将我们自己的融资增至四倍——提升了削减排放的全球雄心。
经过一年不懈的外交努力，总计占全球GDP 65%的国家已致力于将全球升温幅度限制在1.5摄氏度的目标。
我们引领了将甲烷排放削减30%的全球承诺，并帮助主导了到本十年末终止并逆转毁林现象的努力。
超过100个国家加入了上述两项承诺。
我们还确保很多世界大型经济体承诺摒弃为海外的化石燃料项目提供资金。
我们曾说过我们会应对影响到美国劳动者和美国家庭的种种问题。
这以COVID和气候问题为首，但不止于此。
由于美国的领导作用，我们的港口的拥堵以及关键物资的短缺正在缓解。
我们汇集了136个国家以确保一项全球最低税率（Global Minimum Tax）来终止公司税率的逐底竞争，阻止公司企业将工作机会转移到海外，并创收数十亿美元投资于国内。
我们正在为新型技术的治理制定规范，以使它们服务于民主体，而不是损害民主体。
而且正如在其他所有事务上一样，我们同我们的盟友和伙伴合作，包括通过我们今年发起的美国–欧盟贸易和科技委员会（U.S.-European Union Trade and Technology Council）。
拜登总统承诺终止美国为时最长的战争。今年夏天，我们兑现了这一承诺，结束了坚定支持行动（Operation Resolute Support），并领导一个国际同盟从阿富汗撤离了超过12万人。
我们知道其艰巨性。确实如此。我们正在为了今后的工作汲取这次撤离及重新安置行动的经验教训。
但这也是20年来第一次没有美国军人在阿富汗度过岁末假日，而且我们不会派出第三代美国军人到那里作战牺牲。
我上次在这个简报厅里接受了一些应有的提问，有关我们继续为美国公民以及我们对其有特殊承诺的其他人员的撤离提供便利的能力。
在那以后的几个月里，我们兑现了这一承诺，其中包括我们为任何希望离开的美国公民提供帮助的承诺。自9月1日以来，我们已帮助近500名美国人离开阿富汗。这包括了几乎每一位在8月31日之后还在阿富汗并表示希望离开而且已做好准备的蓝色护照持有者——我们还将继续努力。
我们还将继续努力应对阿富汗日益恶化的人道主义局势——通过我们的援助以及我们的外交工作，我们是向阿富汗人民提供援助的最大单一援助方。
最后，我们已投资于国务院——让它成为一个更加强大、更有效力、更加敏捷、更具多元化的机构，能在一个复杂性和竞争性日增的世界里为美国人民服务。
我们正在建设我们的能力以便在今后的年月里在对于我们的人民将越来越重要的外交领域发挥领导作用，例如全球卫生、气候、技术和经济事务。
而且在我们这样做的时候，我们绝不会在事关战略竞争、维护我们的民主价值观和人权以及为和平而努力的事务上偏离重点。
我们启动了一个全面广泛的现代化日程，包括我们计划设立一个新的网络安全和数字政策事务局（Cybersecurity and Digital Policy Bureau），以及关键和新兴技术事务特使（Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology），以帮助我们确保数字革命服务于我们的人民、保护我们的利益、增强我们的竞争力，并维护我们的价值观。新的资源使我们得以完成十年来规模最大的人员增聘以及大幅增加我们的信息技术预算；我们增加了全职从事经济和气候事务的外交人员；新的行动计划使我们能够赢得人才竞争并促进多元化、包容性、公平性和机会均等。
今年，我们还任命了国务院的首位多元化和包容性首席官员（Chief Diversity and Inclusion Officer），因为我们的外交使团应当体现出我们国家的全面的多元化、才华和经验。
在我们从事的每一项工作中，我们的首要重点都是我们的人员的安全和福祉。
今天晚些时候，我将前往约翰斯霍普金斯（Johns Hopkins）行政医疗中心（Executive Medical Center），我们的一些受到异常健康事件伤害的同事们正在那里接受治疗。
国务院各部门以及整个美国政府机构都极其重视查明此类事件的原因和肇事者，照护那些受到影响的人，并保护我们的工作人员。
我们正在对国内加大投资，包括教育、基础设施、研究开发以及卫生领域，这对于我们的对外政策的成功至关重要。
国内的振兴驱动我们的竞争力，并提升美国在全世界的地位。
综上所述，毫无疑问的是我们现在已比11个月以前更加强大。
我们在世界上更加强大。我们在国内更加强大。我们在应对COVID、气候以及其他迫切挑战方面地位更加稳固。
我们处于一种更稳固的地缘政治地位来应对中国和俄罗斯这样的国家，在他们试图破坏我们所建立并领导的国际体系之时——这个体系已使全世界更自由、更繁荣、更安全、更互联互通，并让我们的国家和人民繁荣发展。
对于我们事关重大的是要维护这一体系，捍卫法治、民主价值观和人权，以及一个让人人都享有公平机会来参与竞争并取得成功的公平的竞争环境。
我们将继续推动这一积极愿景——同我们的盟友和伙伴并肩努力。
我今天在这里提到的几乎所有工作都将在2022年继续进行：终止这场疫情并增强全球卫生安全；确保新技术的标准、硬件和政策能够保障我们的竞争优势并改善我们人民的生活和生计，同时确保他们的安全以及我们的民主的强大；保卫并增强基于规则的秩序并防范那些试图摧毁它的人；建设一个准备好发挥领导作用以应对21世纪的种种挑战的国务院。
与我们开始时所处的情况相比，我们现在处于有利得多的地位来取得稳固进展以应对这些挑战，因为我们正在今年所奠定的基础之上努力。
我为我们的所有外交人员和发展事务专家感到骄傲，并对他们表示感谢，这些成就来自你们的辛勤努力，你们代表着我们国家最杰出的人才。
今年，我们告别了美国外交界的两位巨人——乔治·舒尔茨（George Shultz）和科林·鲍威尔（Colin Powell）。他们都热爱国务院。国务院也热爱他们。
他们都相信外交的力量。
他们都知道国务院不是为解决其他地方的问题而存在、其工作重点不在于外部世界——而是为了造福于美国人民，解决影响他们生活的挑战，并创造机会以使他们的未来更加光明。
这些就是我们在本届政府中竭诚采纳的信念。而且我知道它们也跨越党派得到分享。因此，我要感谢国会在周末批准了一大批被提名的外交官。迄今为止，获得批准的大使和其他高级外交官的人数少于美国历史上任何一届政府。我们迫切需要一个完整的团队，在世界各地保护我们的利益和我们的人员。
作为我们杰出的外交队伍的一员，在这一年为美国人民服务令我感到荣幸。与你们在座的很多人一同出访，并时而站在这个讲台上回答你们的提问，也令我感到荣幸。感谢你们不辞辛劳、坚持不懈地工作，让美国人民和全世界人民对于我们在这里从事的工作知情，并对我们问责。
我希望你们都能度过一个非常健康的、养精蓄锐的假期。祝大家新年快乐。我期待明年继续开展工作。
欲查看原稿内容：https://www.state.gov/secretary-antony-j-blinken-at-a-press-availability-9/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。 | Secretary Antony J. Blinken at a Press Availability
REMARKS
ANTONY J. BLINKEN, SECRETARY OF STATE
PRESS BRIEFING ROOM
WASHINGTON, D.C.
DECEMBER 21, 2021
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Good afternoon, everyone. Good to see you all.
I suspect that most of you are looking forward to what will be a well-deserved break. It’s been quite a year.
When I walked into the State Department on my first day as Secretary, we had COVID-19 lockdowns around the world.
Less than 1 percent of the United States was vaccinated, compared to more than 60 percent today.
We were dealing with the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression.
The climate crisis was accelerating.
Our relationships with our allies and partners were badly strained.
And many questioned whether America would – or even could – lead again.
A few guiding premises animated our work this year.
One is that American engagement – American leadership – matters.
The world doesn’t organize itself.
When we’re not engaged, when we don’t lead, then one of two things happens: either some other country tries to take our place, but probably not in a way that advances our interests and values, or no one does, and then you get chaos.
Either way, it doesn’t serve the American people.
Another premise is that finding new ways to cooperate and coordinate with other countries is more important than ever, because none of the really big challenges that we face and that affect the lives of Americans – from COVID to climate to the disruptive impact of new technologies – can be solved by any one country working alone. Not even the United States.
So much of our work this year has been about rebuilding the foundations of American foreign policy.
That started with restoring and revitalizing our network of alliances and partnerships – and reengaging the multilateral system, where so much of the day-in, day-out work of diplomacy takes place.
Since January 20th, we’ve reinvigorated our engagement with key allies, with NATO, the European Union, the United Nations, the OECD, the G7, the G20, ASEAN. We created AUKUS; we elevated the Quad with two leader-level summits; we launched the Build Back Better World global infrastructure initiative.
We’re much more aligned with our allies and partners now than we were a year ago on nearly every issue, including Russia’s aggression toward Ukraine and its neighbors, Iran’s nuclear program, and China’s efforts to challenge the rules-based international order.
And I can attest from my dozens of face-to-face meetings with counterparts in every region of the world that they’re glad – frankly, relieved – that the United States is once again engaged and once again leading.
At the start of the year, we said that we would lead the global effort to end the COVID-19 pandemic.
Since then, we’ve donated more than 330 million vaccine doses to more than 110 countries, on our way to 1.2 billion donated doses next year.
That’s more than the rest of the world combined.
We’ve led the world in funding COVAX, the global partnership that distributes safe vaccines equitably around the world.
And just this morning, I announced another $580 million in COVID relief funding, to provide life-saving health and humanitarian assistance to places where the suffering is acute.
That brings total U.S. assistance to nearly $20 billion.
And it’s not just the amount of our assistance but how we’ve done it – rooted in science, based on need, with international and regional institutions, and with no political strings attached.
We’ve done all this because – as we see happening right now, with the rise of the Omicron variant – none of us will be safe until all of us are safe.
We still have a long way to go to beat the pandemic.
But let’s not lose sight of the fact that we’ve come very far, the world, the United States this past year – with American leadership – in building the foundation for a more effective global COVID-19 response and saving lives.
We’ll keep working toward the goal President Biden set in September at the global COVID summit that he convened: vaccinating 70 percent of the world by next fall.
And we’ll keep leading the push for greater global health security, to better prevent, detect, and respond to future pandemics.
We said we’d restore American leadership in the climate crisis.
Well, on day one, we rejoined the Paris Agreement.
We raised global ambitions to reduce emissions through major investments in climate finance – including quadrupling our own funding.
After a year of dogged diplomacy, countries accounting for 65 percent of the world’s GDP are committed to targets that will keep global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
We led the global pledge to cut methane emissions by 30 percent and helped spearhead the effort to end and reverse deforestation by the end of the decade.
More than 100 countries have joined both of those pledges.
And we secured commitments by many of the world’s major economies to move away from financing fossil fuel projects abroad.
We said we would take on issues that affected American workers and families.
That starts with COVID and climate, but it doesn’t end there.
Thanks to American leadership, the logjams at our ports and the shortages of critical goods are easing.
We brought 136 countries together to secure a Global Minimum Tax to end the race to the bottom on corporate tax rates, prevent corporations from shifting jobs overseas, and generating billions of dollars to invest here at home.
We’re shaping the governance of new technologies, so that they serve democracies, instead of undermining them.
And as with everything else, we’re doing it with our allies and partners, including through the U.S.-European Union Trade and Technology Council, which we launched this year.
President Biden pledged to end America’s longest war. This summer, we made good on that promise, bringing Operation Resolute Support to a close and leading an international coalition to evacuate more than 120,000 people from Afghanistan.
We knew this would be challenging. It was. And there are lessons from the evacuation and relocation that we’re learning for the future.
But this is also the first time in 20 years that no U.S. troops are spending the holidays in Afghanistan, and we’re not sending a third generation of American soldiers to fight and die there.
The last time I was in this briefing room, I faced some appropriate questions about our ability to continue to facilitate the departure of American citizens and others to whom we have a special commitment.
In the months since, we’ve made good on that promise, including our pledge to help any U.S. citizen who wants to leave. Since September 1, we’ve helped nearly 500 Americans depart Afghanistan. That’s virtually every blue passport holder who remained in Afghanistan after August 31st who has said they wanted to depart and was ready to do so – and we’ll keep at it.
We’ll also keep working to address the deteriorating humanitarian situation in Afghanistan – through our aid, as the single largest provider of assistance to the people of Afghanistan, as well as through our diplomacy.
Finally, we invested in the State Department – to make it an even stronger, more effective, more agile, more diverse institution that can deliver for the American people in what is an increasingly complex and competitive world.
We’re building our capacity to lead in areas of diplomacy that will matter more and more to our people in the years ahead, like global health, like climate, like technology, like economics.
And as we do, we’ll never take our eye off the ball when it comes to strategic competition, upholding our democratic values and human rights, working for peace.
We launched a sweeping modernization agenda, including our intent to establish a new Cybersecurity and Digital Policy Bureau and Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology, to help us make sure that the digital revolution serves our people, protects our interests, boosts our competitiveness, and upholds our values. New resources to enable the largest hiring increase in a decade and a significant increase in our IT budget; Foreign Service positions dedicated to economic and climate issues; and new initiatives to win the competition for talent and advance diversity, inclusion, equity, and accessibility.
This year, we also appointed the State Department’s first Chief Diversity and Inclusion Officer, because our diplomatic corps should reflect our nation’s full diversity, talent, and experience.
And across everything we do, our number-one priority is the safety and well-being of our people.
Later today, I’ll visit the Executive Medical Center at Johns Hopkins, where some of our colleagues who’ve suffered from anomalous health incidents are getting treatment.
All of us at the State Department and across the U.S. Government are intently focused on getting to the bottom of what and who is causing these incidents, caring for those who’ve been affected, protecting our people.
Critical to the success of our foreign policy are the investments we’re making in ourselves here at home – in education, infrastructure, research and development, and health.
Domestic renewal fuels our competitiveness and it elevates America’s standing in the world.
Put it all together, and there is no question that we’re stronger now than we were 11 months ago.
We’re stronger in the world. We’re stronger at home. We’re on stronger footing when it comes to COVID, climate, and other urgent challenges.
And we’re in a stronger geopolitical position to deal with countries like China and Russia, as they seek to undermine the international system that we’ve built and led – a system that has made the world freer, more prosperous, more secure, more connected, and has allowed our country and people to thrive.
We’ve got a profound stake in upholding that system, in standing up for the rule of law, for democratic values and human rights, a level playing field that gives everyone a fair chance to compete and to succeed.
And we’ll continue to drive that positive vision – with our allies and partners right alongside us.
Just about all the work that I’ve named here today will continue in 2022: ending this pandemic and strengthening global health security; making sure the standards, hardware, and policies for new technology secure our competitive edge and improve the lives and livelihoods of our people while keeping them safe and our democracy strong; defending and strengthening the rules-based order against those who would tear it down; building a State Department ready to lead on 21st-century challenges.
We’re much better positioned to make strong progress on those challenges than we were when we began, because we’re building on the foundation we laid this year.
And I’m proud and grateful to all the diplomats and development experts who’ve worked so hard to make that happen and who represent the very best our country has to offer.
This year, we said goodbye to two giants of American diplomacy – George Shultz and Colin Powell. They both loved the State Department. The State Department loved them.
They both believed in the power of diplomacy.
And they both knew that the State Department doesn’t exist to deal with problems elsewhere, to focus out there on the rest of the world — but rather to deliver for the American people, to solve the challenges that affect their lives, to create opportunities that will make their futures brighter.
Those are beliefs that we wholeheartedly embrace in this administration. And I know they’re shared across our political aisle. So I want to thank Congress for confirming a large slate of our nominees over the weekend. No administration in American history has had fewer confirmed ambassadors and senior officials than ours. And we need our full team on the field right away to protect our interests and our people.
It has been an honor to serve the American people this year as part of our outstanding diplomatic workforce. It’s also been an honor to travel with many of you here in this room, to take your questions up here at this podium from time to time. Thank you for your dedicated, persistent work to keep the American people and people around the world informed about what we do here and to hold us to account.
So I hope you all have a very healthy, restorative break. I wish you all a very happy New Year. I look forward to getting to work next year. But meanwhile, I’m happy to take some questions.
MR PRICE: Michele.
QUESTION: Now you’ve had a few months to reflect on what went wrong in Afghanistan, and I wonder what regrets you have about how you handled the diplomacy surrounding it and what concerns you have – whether you’ve lost credibility among your allies in the way that it ended and what you intend to do to head off a humanitarian catastrophe there given that the U.S. still has a lot of Afghanistan’s money frozen in bank accounts here.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: When it comes to regrets, to looking back, there’ll be a lot of time for that in the years ahead. Right now, we’re focused on what we’re doing, what we need to do, on action to move our foreign policy forward, to move our national security forward, to deal with the challenges that are in front of us.
Now, I also ordered a review of our Afghanistan policy and the implementation of that policy, starting in 2020 and going through the relocation and evacuation. As I think you know, one of our most respected now retired diplomats, Dan Smith, will be leading that effort, and I look forward to learning what he and his team learn in terms of the lessons to take from that experience. Others are also rightly looking at the last 20 years of our policy in Afghanistan to try to draw lessons from that – what went right, what went wrong, and how we take that going forward.
But to your point, what I am focused on right now is the situation in Afghanistan, including the humanitarian situation. We continue to be the largest single provider of humanitarian assistance to Afghanistan. We’ve issued multiple now general licenses to make sure that other countries, institutions, can feel free to move forward with their assistance and not be concerned about the application or implementation of sanctions against them.
We’ve participated in the release of about $280 million recently in the Afghan Trust Fund monies that are there. And we are looking intensely at ways to put more liquidity into the Afghan economy, to get more money into people’s pockets, and doing that with international institutions, with other countries and partners, trying to put in place the right mechanisms to do that in a way that doesn’t directly benefit the Taliban but does go directly to the people.
We’re very conscious of the fact that there is an incredibly difficult humanitarian situation right now, one that could get worse as winter sets in. And so that’s an area of intense focus for us working closely with allies and partners. We’re also, of course, focused on ensuring that the Taliban make good on the expectations of the international community when it comes to continuing to allow people who wish to leave Afghanistan to do so, when it comes to upholding the rights of all Afghan citizens but notably women and girls and minorities, when it comes to not engaging in reprisals, when it comes to making good on their commitments to counter terrorism coming from Afghanistan.
So all of those things are front and center on our agenda. We’re working them virtually every day with international partners around the world.
MR PRICE: Andrea.
QUESTION: Thank you very much, Mr. Secretary. Russia is increasing its demands on NATO. Today, the defense minister is saying that U.S. mercenaries are plotting a provocation in the Donbas, which some would say could be a pretext for some sort of invasion. The question is: Since the President talked to President Putin, it seems as though the buildup is continuing, the threats are continuing from Vladimir Putin. So at this point, how do you counter the Russian aggression? Are you concerned about something that would be less than a military invasion, in some sort of a grey area where it might be more difficult? What would the U.S. response to that be in the Donbas for instance?
And there are reports that the U.S. and the UK are on high alert for a potential Russian cyber attack on critical infrastructure in Ukraine, which has happened in previous years during the holiday season to either weaken the Zelenskyy government as a predicate before an invasion or as an alternative to a military or economic attack, which would be harder to retaliate against.
So the bottom line is: How is diplomacy going to deal with this increasing Russian threat which doesn’t seem to be minimized at all by the talks, by the presidential talks, and a threat —
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Andrea, we’re engaged in diplomacy and deterrence at the same time. These two things go hand in hand. As you know, just to step back for a second, President Biden when he first met with President Putin in Geneva some months ago – and you were there – said to President Putin that our strong preference is for a more predictable and stable relationship between Russia and the United States, but if Russia continues to engage in reckless or aggressive actions we will respond and we’ll respond strongly.
Since then we’ve seen this buildup again around Ukraine that is of deep concern not just to us but to allies and partners in Europe and beyond. And we’ve seen plans that Russia has to commit renewed acts of aggression against Ukraine that it could implement on very short order.
And so we’ve done two things. We have worked in very close coordination with allies and partners not only to show the shared concern but to put in place what would be a very meaningful and massive response if Russia commits renewed acts of aggressions.
We’ve seen, and I think you’ve seen, statements coming out of NATO, the European Union, the G7, all making clear that there would be massive consequences. That’s the language used: “massive consequences” for Russia if it engaged – engages in further acts of aggression against Ukraine.
At the same time, President Biden has made clear that there is a much better path, and that is diplomacy. And we’re committed to engaging in that if Russia is too. And to that end, the President spoke to President Putin, as you know, a couple of weeks ago by video conference. There were follow-on conversations, notably between the National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan and his Russian counterpart.
And as the White House noted yesterday, we have said and Russia has also said that we’re prepared to engage diplomatically through multiple channels, the existing Strategic Stability Dialogue that we have with Russia between Russia and the United States, through the NATO‑Russia Council on issues of particular concern to NATO, and through the OSCE, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe that has as its members among others all of our European allies and partners Ukraine, the United States, and Russia.
And I think you’ll see relatively early in the new year engagements in all of those areas to see if we can advance the differences diplomatically. Russia has said – and it put out some papers on this – that it has grievances, demands, concerns. Well, so does the United States and all of our European partners about Russia’s conduct, the actions it’s taken. All of that will be on the table. And if we can make our way forward diplomatically, that is far preferable.
The last thing I’ll say on this is that in all of this we are in absolute solidarity, coordination, consultation with allies and partners. We are doing nothing about them – without them. All of this is being done together. And we’ll see which direction President Putin will take.
QUESTION: Isn’t one of his demands though —
MR PRICE: We’re going to move around a little.
QUESTION: — to not deploy troops in any of the NATO countries?
SECRETARY BLINKEN: There are some very obvious nonstarters in things that the Russians have put on the table. There may be other issues that are appropriate for discussion and conversation, just as there are things that we would put on the table that Russia needs to respond to.
But look, the President’s been extremely clear for many, many years about some basic principles that no one is moving back on: the principle that one country does not have the right to change by force the borders of another; that one country does not have the right to dictate the policies of another or to tell that country with whom it may associate; one country does not have the right to exert a sphere of influence. That notion should be relegated to the dustbin of history. And those principles are inviolate. They’re very clear. The President’s held them for a long time. That’s not going to change.
MR PRICE: Kylie.
QUESTION: Just to go off of that, you’ve just reiterated that the United States is prepared to engage diplomatically with Russia in multiple different venues, different channels. We’ve been hearing that over the last few days. I wonder if a meeting between President Biden and President Putin is one of those options that the Biden administration would consider and if there would be any preconditions that Russia would have to take before another meeting between President Biden and President Putin.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Well, of course, the presidents have met twice – once face-to-face in person in Geneva and then just a couple of weeks ago by video conference. And the next steps on the diplomatic track, as I said, are through the Strategic Stability Dialogue that we’ve already established that is between Russia and the United States, the NATO-Russia Council, and the OSCE. And let’s see if and where any of these conversations go, whether we can actually make progress diplomatically.
At the same time, when it comes to Ukraine itself, we’ve said – we’ve long said – that the best way to resolve the conflict in eastern Ukraine and to restore to Ukraine the border that it’s entitled to is through the so-called Minsk process, the agreements that Russia and Ukraine reached many years ago now to resolve the – these differences peacefully. And there we’re very much prepared to try to facilitate that, to act in support of what France and Germany are doing with Russia and Ukraine in what’s called the Normandy format.
So we’re working on all of those lines. Whether that leads to at some point or another a meeting between the President and President Putin, I leave that for another day. But no plans to do that now.
I think we have to see if, in the first instance, there’s any progress diplomatically. We also want to see Russia de-escalate, to move forces back from the border with Ukraine, to take down the tension. It’s much more appropriate to have a conversation in those circumstances than it is when escalation is happening, not de-escalation.
MR PRICE: Will.
QUESTION: Thank you and happy winter solstice to you.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Thank you.
QUESTION: I wanted to ask about the Indo-Pacific, if I may. The Build Back Better program seems to have melted down in Congress. It’s unclear whether bits of that will be put back together next year, and this administration has presented domestic renewal as almost a precondition for competing and – with and presumably confronting China, if need be. So where does that leave your foreign policy, the fact that that has gone a bit by the wayside?
And what do you hope to achieve with allies and partners in the region next year? Your Southeast Asia trip was cut short. And then what do you hope to achieve with the Quad or other countries in the region?
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Thanks. I’ll preface this by saying I don’t do politics. I don’t do domestic politics, but what I can say is this, because it’s what I’ve heard around the world: First, countries around the world have seen the investments that we’ve already made and that are on the books, including a historic investment in infrastructure, something that goes directly to our competitiveness; including the recovery from COVID and the support that was provided to the American people in that instance; and they also see what remains on the agenda ahead.
But that does speak powerfully already to people around the world, and I think the President’s commitment to reinvest in education, in research and development, in infrastructure resonates. In each of these areas we used to lead the world. We’ve fallen way, way back, and the President wants to change that. And I think as we continue to work on that, building on what’s already been done, that will resonate.
And yes, it’s true that it does make a difference if we’re able to get things done, to demonstrate, as the President said, that democracy can actually deliver. That’s not only important for people here at home, it is important for our standing around the world, and he’s already shown powerful examples of that. Let’s see where we get in the year ahead.
In the Indo-Pacific, we’ve had extensive and extended engagement almost from the start of the year right through to last week, including with the trip that a number of you were on, but not just me – the President, of course, engaging with ASEAN, elevating the Quad Leaders’ Summit, having as his first visitors the leaders of Japan and South Korea, and so on. The Vice President’s trip to Singapore and Vietnam; virtually every senior official in this department and other relevant departments, including the Commerce Department, the Treasury Department, engaging with allies and partners in the region, and that will continue.
When I was there just this past week in Indonesia, in Malaysia, coming off of the G7 meetings in Liverpool, one of the things I was able to do was lay out our vision for the region, the basic approach we’re taking to the Indo-Pacific. A lot more of that’s going to get fleshed out in the weeks and months ahead, but at least in the responses that I got, it seemed to resonate. So we’re – the foundation is there, we’re going to be building on it.
And speaking of Build Back Better, we have Build Back Better World, which is a program that was announced at the G7 by the President and our G7 partners to make significant investments in infrastructure, including in Southeast Asia and the Indo-Pacific but as a race to the top, not a race to the bottom, an affirmative vision of what those investments can and should be, making sure that as they’re made, countries don’t assume a huge debt burden that they can’t afford, that we make sure that projects are done to the highest standards with respect for the environment; for workers, that we actually transfer knowledge and skills as we’re doing it, that we allow local workers to build things and don’t import our own.
And we are now working to rally not only partners and allies to this, but also, and importantly, the private sector. That’s our comparative advantage. That’s what we really bring to the table – the ability to be a catalyst for private sector investment. And these projects are going to focus on things that also help us deal with the climate crisis in terms of green technology, green infrastructure, also building a stronger health security system throughout the region and beyond, as well as dealing with infrastructure for new technology.
So all of that got, at least from what I heard, a very strong reception in Southeast Asia. And again, what I also heard – but you have to check with your own sources – genuine satisfaction that the United States, across the board, was showing up, was re-engaged, and had a real vision for the region. We are a Pacific country. We are a Pacific power. It matters to us. So much of the future is going to be there. Fifty percent of the world’s population is already there. Some of the most dynamic economies, certainly pre-COVID, bouncing back now as we continue to work through COVID. We see the future in the region. And our policy, our resources, our focus are being directed accordingly.
MR PRICE: We have time for one more question. Francesco.
QUESTION: Thank you, Mr. Secretary. On Iran, you’ve been saying for the past weeks that the runway is getting shorter and shorter, that you won’t let Iran drag its feet at the negotiation table while developing its nuclear program, but can you be a little bit more specific? Are you ready to wait until January, February, March, or beyond? And doesn’t that weaken your position to keep saying those things while not giving a deadline to Iran? Thank you.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Thanks. I’m not going to put a time limit on it or give you the number of meters remaining on the runway, except to say yes, it is getting very, very, very short. And being able to recover the benefits – the full benefits of the JCPOA by returning to compliance with it is getting increasingly problematic by the advances that Iran makes every single day in its nuclear program.
Now, we are where we are because of what I consider to be one of the worst decisions made in American foreign policy in the last decade, and that was getting out of the Iran nuclear agreement, the JCPOA – an agreement that had put Iran’s nuclear program in a box. And in getting out of that agreement, we were promised that it would be replaced by a stronger one, and, at the same time, maximum pressure being exerted against Iran would curb its malicious activities throughout the region. And instead, of course, we’ve seen just the opposite. There hasn’t been a new and improved agreement. To the contrary, Iran has broken loose from the constraints imposed on it by the JCPOA, and at the same time, it continues to act aggressively in country after country in the region.
So that’s the reality of what we’re dealing with, but we are dealing with it. We will deal with it. We continue to have a strong interest in seeing if we can put the nuclear program back into the box that it was in. But if we can’t do that because Iran will not engage in good faith, then we are actively looking at alternatives and options.
And what will not endure is Iran playing for time at the negotiating table by not engaging in good faith and with speed, while, at the same time, continuing to build up its program. That is not a sustainable proposition, and it simply won’t be.
Thank you.
MR PRICE: Thank you, Mr. Secretary.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: And to all, a very Happy New Year.
QUESTION: Thank you. Happy Holidays.
QUESTION: Happy Holidays to you.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Happy Holidays. Thanks. |
“只有我们两国朝着同一个方向努力，世界才能实现其气候目标。” ——总统气候问题特使约翰·克里。
我们再一次做到了！在有史以来第一次装饰了大使馆墙面的公共艺术展取得了极大成功的基础上，北京美国驻华大使馆正式宣布开启“艺术为人民：地球！” “艺术为人民：地球”延续美国利用公共艺术激发带来行动的联接、对话和反馈的传统，将我们的目光和注意力带到气候危机上来。来自19位不同背景的艺术家以环境为主题的作品代表了美国的社区街头艺术，这些作品一定会引起你的兴趣并俘获你的感官。
新闻公告: 美国驻华大使馆宣布启动“艺术为人民：地球”艺术展
艺术家提供了个人简历，以解释说明他们的作品和背景。艺术家的观点是他们自己的观点，不代表美国政府。
参展作品和艺术家信息
策展人谈美国使馆外墙新展“艺术为人民：地球“
“艺术为人民：地球“安装过程延时摄影视频
微博
微信 | “The world can only achieve its climate goals if our [two] countries are pulling in the same direction.” –Special Presidential Envoy for Climate John Kerry
We’ve done it again! Building on the incredible success from the first-ever public art exhibition gracing the embassy walls, Art for the People, the U.S. Embassy in Beijing officially announces, Art for the People: The Earth! Continuing the U.S. tradition of using public art to spark connections, conversations, and reactions that lead to action, Art for the People: The Earth draws our gaze and our attention to the climate crisis. Bringing environmentally-themed examples of community street art from the United States, the works from 19 artists from diverse backgrounds are guaranteed to pique your interest and captivate your senses.
Press Release: U.S. Embassy Beijing Announces “Art for the People: The Earth”
Bios are provided by the artist to explain their works and background. Artists’ views are their own and do not represent the USG. |
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新闻发言人办公室
新闻发言人关于中国会谈的声明
供立即发布
2019年2月15日
本周，在唐纳德．Ｊ．特朗普总统的指示下，来自美国的官员前往北京继续美中贸易关系的谈判。美方由美国贸易代表罗伯特．Ｅ．莱特希泽与尊敬的财政部长斯蒂芬．Ｔ．姆努钦率领会谈。中方由刘鹤副总理率领会谈。周五，双方代表团都有机会就他们的讨论与习近平主席会面。会谈也包括两国专业工作人员之间的广泛技术交流。
这些详细且密集的讨论带来双方之间的进展。但是，依然有许多工作要做。 2019年3月1日之前，双方将就所有悬而未决的问题继续工作。该日期为对部分中国进口商品加征百分之十的关税上调之期限。美中官员已同意，任何承诺将列于两国之间的谅解备忘录中。
会谈期间，美国代表团聚焦于结构性问题，包括强制技术转让、知识产权、网络盗窃、农业、服务业、非关税壁垒和货币。双方也讨论了中国采购美国的商品及服务，以缩小美国对中国巨额且持久的双边贸易逆差。
部长级和副部级的讨论下周将于华盛顿继续。美国期待这些进一步的会谈，并希望看到更多进展。 | This week, at the direction of President Donald J. Trump, officials from the United States traveled to Beijing to continue negotiations on the trade relationship between the United States and China. On the United States side, the talks were led by Ambassador Robert E. Lighthizer, the United States Trade Representative, and the Honorable Steven T. Mnuchin, the Secretary of the Treasury. On the Chinese side, the talks were led by Vice Premier Liu He. On Friday, both delegations had the opportunity to meet with President Xi Jinping regarding their discussions. The talks also featured extensive technical exchanges between the professional staffs of both countries.
These detailed and intensive discussions led to progress between the two parties. Much work remains, however. Both sides will continue working on all outstanding issues in advance of the March 1, 2019, deadline for an increase in the 10 percent tariff on certain imported Chinese goods. United States and Chinese officials have agreed that any commitments will be stated in a Memoranda of Understanding between the two countries.
During the talks, the United States delegation focused on structural issues, including forced technology transfer, intellectual property rights, cyber theft, agriculture, services, non-tariff barriers, and currency. The two sides also discussed China’s purchases of United States goods and services intended to reduce the United States’ large and persistent bilateral trade deficit with China.
Next week, discussions will continue in Washington at the ministerial and vice-ministerial levels. The United States looks forward to these further talks and hopes to see additional progress. |
证词
史达伟，东亚和太平洋事务局助理国务卿
参议院外交关系委员会
华盛顿DC
2020年9月17日
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国务卿蓬佩奥（Pompeo）一再指出，中国是他每天一早就考虑的首要外交政策挑战。我们国务院的每一个人都以完成这项重要的工作为要务。我的证词将重点介绍我们对华政策的概况、中国共产党的全球行动和国家的对策，然后具体介绍我们在东亚和太平洋地区正在采取的措施。
事态的缘起
多年来，我们和国际社会的运作历来以促进中国融入有章可循的国际秩序并日益推进国内的改革开放为前提。我们一度认为，中国在中国共产党统治下会履行对世界贸易组织（WTO）和其他方面的国际承诺。持续蔑视这些承诺的行为，尤其在主席习近平统治下愈益严重，说明已无法兑现上述种种期待。现在的情况明确地告诉我们和世界各地越来越越多的国家，在总书记习近平统治下的中国共产党并不想加入我们和我国盟友及伙伴几代人为之奋斗和牺牲的自由和开放的国际秩序。与此相反，中华人民共和国的对外政策和安全政策以狭隘的自我利益和专制主义价值观为中心，仅为中国共产党一个受益方服务，目的在于破坏和重塑国际环境。
今天，我们以敦本务实的态度与中国共产党进行接触，不再一厢情愿，也不再听信其巧言令色的自我标榜。国务卿蓬佩奥在2019年10月30日的讲话中对此做了总结：“无视我们两种体制间的根本差异及影响——这两种体制带来的影响，它们的差异对美国国家安全的影响——不再是现实的……今天，我们终于认识到中国共产党真正敌视美国和我们的价值观的程度 。”这就需要对中国共产党的动机和在世界各地采取的行动有一个明确的认识，不仅要求美国政府，而且包括我们的公司、我们的制度以及我们的公民。为了真正保障这方面的努力取得成功，需要我们与我们在世界各地的盟国和伙伴共同努力，认识并应对中国共产党构成的挑战。
我们还必须明确指出其中的利害关系：几代人以来美国维持在全球的领导地位，因为我们的行动惠及世界无数的国家，同时加强了国际体系。现在，中国共产党为了破坏有章可循的国际秩序无所不用其极，在世界各地耀武扬威，特别是在印度-太平洋地区。所有的国家都应该考虑到，其结果必将对全球共同体和我们共同的价值观造成不利影响。
中国共产党的侵略日益加剧
几个月前，正当全世界开始面对全球爆发疫情的现实之际，中国一名著名的病毒学家曾发出警告，冠状病毒“只是冰山的一角”。当时她作为流行病学家发表意见，要求全球采取行动应对今后爆发的疫情。以此作为对照，可以有效地说明中国共产党在全球的侵略和恶意行为。
中国共产党在全世界采取恶意行为的每一个显而易见的事例都在表层下隐藏着暗礁险滩。我们在国务院的工作之一，特别是东亚和太平洋事务局，是努力向其他国家更多地揭示这座冰山的面目，看清中国共产党的本质——一个侵略性的、专制的、野心勃勃的、偏执的、敌对的势力，对各自由和开放的社会及自由和开放的国际秩序造成了威胁。
北京的侵略行为采取各种形式，包括攻击外国公司和政府；操纵国际组织；压制海外批评的声音；为推进其军事和经济野心购买、盗窃或强制转移技术；并散布谎言。北京对COVID-19冠状病毒疫情的隐瞒已使国际社会及时认识到，中国共产党缺乏透明度，且以弥天大谎对待全球健康和安全问题，导致险象环生。这并非偏颇之词，而是中国共产党所作所为的真实反映。
仅是过去几个月就可以看到北京行为的一些格外令人震惊的例子：与印度的边界暴力；在南中国海（South China Sea）海域和台湾及尖阁诸岛（Senkakus）周围咄咄逼人的举动；在中国推动消灭蒙古和藏族文化和语言；以及在新疆持续进行压制和强劳运动。澳大利亚记者因受到安全部门的骚扰而逃离中国。北京单方面在香港实施严酷的国家安全法，包括一些条款允许中华人民共和国对一些人在其他国家里批评政府颁布对他们的域外逮捕令。这些不是负责任的国际行为体的行为，而是不法之徒的霸道行为。
我们政策如何发生改变
在国务院，我们每天非常努力地对抗中共在全球的恶意活动。通过实施总统的2017年国家安全战略（2017 National Security Strategy），我们在抵制像中华人民共和国这样的修正主义大国，它在利用技术、宣传和高压手段形成一个与我们的利益和价值观相对立的世界。我们要求中国共产党兑现它的承诺——既对我们也对国际规则、规范和机构作出的承诺。我们将在他们未兑现诺言时予以公开指出。我们将在我们的利益和我们盟友的利益受到威胁时给予有力保护。自冷战以来我们不曾把我们的精力如此专注地对准单一一个外交政策挑战，我可以向各位保证，我们正在开足马力应对来自中国的全部挑战。
让我明确一点：美国人民和中国人民有着数代之久的密切关系，我们继续欢迎中国的学生、访问者、投资者和移民。我们与中国有着重要关系，如同世界大多数国家一样。我们没有要求其他国家选择站在哪一边，而是要求他们站起来保护自己的国家主权、安全、价值观和经济福祉。我们也在要求国际社会与我们一道，站出来维护为我们一代又一代人带来共同和平、安全与繁荣的国际规则、规范和组织机构。
对中国采取清醒的方针意味着我们坚持在我们关系的所有方面对等，从贸易到投资，从签证到外交活动渠道。我们将继续维护美国一贯捍卫的权利和自由，无论是揭露在新疆和西藏对人权的践踏，为新闻自由而斗争，还是支持香港的个人自由和民主程序。
我们与中华人民共和国的竞争无需导致冲突。实际上，通过竞争，我们是在美国和世界过去让北京引发的对我们大家都有害的不平衡和不稳定方面，恢复平衡与稳定。我们还将寻求与中国在那些我们有共同利益的领域进行合作，并继续致力于在广泛的议题上取得进展，包括解决贸易不公，实现北韩去核化，以及切断致命和不可允许的芬太尼向美国的流入，无论是中国制造的，还是用中国的化学成分在其他地方所生产。
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国务院总体中国政策领域
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经济行动
在全球，中国共产党暗中作害和影响的最强大因素之一是其经济力量，它被用来在其他战略领域施加影响。中华人民共和国国家主导的借贷和投资往往扭曲市场，助长腐败，回避透明，给美国公司和地方竞争者造成不平等的游戏场。中华人民共和国的倡议计划，如“一带一路”，谋求融合北京的经济和战略目标，然而有损于东道国的主权、安全和可持续性经济增长。美国一马当先，一直致力于提高世界对中华人民共和国这种借贷投资方式的危险性的认识。
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军方-民用融合及敏感技术
中华人民共和国通过军民融合发展战略，致力于将经济和社会发展战略与其安全战略相“融合”，建立一体化的国家战略系统和能力，支持北京的目标。为此，北京在国际经济和学术合作以及在关键的先进、敏感和新兴技术的投资中玩弄花招。中华人民共和国的意图是把通过民间贸易和/或交流——既包括合法也包括非法途径——所获得的技术转用于军事。中华人民共和国力图让保护我国经济的美国传统工具失效，如出口限制、签证审理以及针对扩散风险的投资审理。
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同恶性影响作斗争
中共的恶性影响通过多种机构得到展示，从中华人民共和国的外交使团，到宣传媒体、孔子学院、统战组织，以及国营企业等等。
在媒体方面，自2月以来，我们将设在美国的9个中华人民共和国宣传媒体定为外国使团——包括新华社、人民日报以及中国环球电视网。3月，我们对可在这些被定性的国营新闻媒体工作的中华人民共和国国民的人数设置了上限，使之与北京允许在中华人民共和国工作的独立美国记者的人数更相符。
我们同样也将孔子学院美国中心（Confucius Institutes U.S. Center）定为外国使团。孔子学院虽然宣称它的唯一目的是向美国人教授中国语言和文化，但它鼓吹中国共产党的行事计划，并且破坏学术自由。
我们必须认识到这些实体的本质——它们是受北京控制的组织，是中共宣传影响的媒介。美国人应该知道它们不是独立的媒体或单纯的教育机构。我们也鼓励社交媒体公司将中华人民共和国的官方媒体账户明确标出，从而让所有人认识到它们是中共的宣传工具。7月，我们关闭了中华人民共和国在休斯顿（Houston）的领事馆，原因是其外交人员的不恰当活动令人严重担忧。我们现在要求中华人民共和国的高级外交人员在举行许多会议、大型活动和到学术机构进行访问时必须申请得到许可。当然，北京对在中国的美国外交人员长期实施的障碍仍然是严重得多。
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香港
我们领导世界对中华人民共和国在香港的镇压作出反应，包括带头与志同道合的国家发表联合声明，对在北京和香港的中华人民共和国官员，包括行政长官林郑月娥，实施金融制裁和签证限制，取消了我们的引渡条约和交流项目，并建立出口限制。我们的努力为许多其他国家声讨中华人民共和国的行动并采取它们各自的类似举措，铺平了道路。
新疆
针对新疆的人权危机，美国比任何政府都采取了更多具体行动。2019年10月，国务院对践踏人权负有责任或共谋的官员宣布实行签证限制。这与商务部在实体名单上添加了中华人民共和国的48个实体相辅相成，其中包括涉及践踏人权的公安局成分和商业公司。
美国海关与边境保护局（U.S. Customs and Border Protection）颁布了暂扣令（Withhold Release Orders），禁止在新疆经营的数家公司制作的具体商品进入美国，根据有关信息，有理由认为这些公司的经营涉及使用强迫劳工。我们颁布了商务告示，提醒工商企业注意供应链可能与践踏人权有关联的风险，包括在新疆和中国其他地方使用强迫劳工。财政部对与在新疆严重践踏少数民族权利的两个中华人民共和国实体和六名现任或过去政府官员，包括政治局委员陈全国，实施了制裁。
印度-太平洋
我们全球联盟和伙伴关系的韧性和力量对处理同中国的战略竞争至关重要，这点在印度-太平洋地区比在其他任何地区都更是如此——这个地区占世界人口和国内生产总值的一半以上。我们在考虑中国的全球举动时，必须继续不忘印度-太平洋地区是我们同中国战略竞争的第一线。
鉴于认识到印度-太平洋地区的地缘政治重要性，特朗普总统三年前在越南岘港（Da Nang）宣布了美国对印度-太平洋地区的战略框架（U.S. Strategic Framework for the Indo-Pacific），促进印-太地区所有国家作为主权、独立国家繁荣并存的愿景。印度-太平洋战略的根本在于，为面对着中华人民共和国企图主宰这一地区的印度-太平洋国家提供自治支持。它有赖于同盟国和伙伴的合作，以及东盟（ASEAN）、亚太经合组织（APEC）和其他机构在地区构架中的中心地位。
印度-太平洋战略确定的地区共同愿景是开放贸易和投资，不受胁迫，享有安全。美国和各方盟友及伙伴如今在清晰地谈论“印度-太平洋”。这是一个在语义和战略上都很重要的词。日本、印度、澳大利亚、韩国和台湾以及“东盟印度-太平洋展望”（ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific）都提出了类似的概念，显示出我们伙伴之间的高度一致。这些努力提出了指导地区走向未来的连贯原则，抗拒中华人民共和国专制主义的、国家主导的发展模式。
我们与盟国和伙伴步调一致地推进了我们的经济行动计划。我已经提到了蓝点网络（Blue Dot Network）——在澳大利亚和日本启动——作为一个例子。在印度-太平洋地区，我们正在实地一道作出努力，例如，通过一项与日本、澳大利亚和新西兰的五国伙伴合作，为巴布亚新几内亚人民送去电力。
为促进良好的执政管理——它对美国外交政策和国家安全利益不可或缺，并且符合美国的价值观——我们在两年前启动了印度-太平洋透明度倡议（Indo-Pacific Transparency Initiative）。通过它，我们最大程度地优化一些长期以来的项目，并启动新项目，专门针对中华人民共和国的影响因素，包括腐败、假信息和信息控制以及金融高压。这些项目倡导公民社会、法治、尊重人权和基本自由，以及地区各国的政府透明和负责。
我们也在加强我们的安全承诺。我们对南中国海申索国家的安全协助有助于伙伴国家保护他们的自治和海洋资源。
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南中国海
7月13日，国务卿蓬佩奥宣布美国有关南中国海海事索求问题的政策有所改变，明确表示北京对南中国海大多数地区离岸资源的索求是不合法的，与其为控制它们而采取的胁迫行动一样。我们同东南亚国家站在一起，维护他们根据国际法所享有的主权权利。里施（Risch）主席和资深委员梅南德兹（Menendez），我们欢迎你们有关南中国海的联合声明，体现出我们决意澄清美国政府认为中华人民共和国在南中国海的海事索求不合法的立场。我们看到东南亚国家由于我们的政策改变而更加大声地直言。
8月26日，国务卿宣布针对中华人民共和国国营企业参与南中国海军事化以及填海活动的特定雇员实施签证限制，包括中国交通建设公司在内，这是与商务部（Department of Commerce）将之增列入其实体名单（Entity List）协同进行的。而且我们已看到成效。在菲律宾，在马来西亚，以及在远方的巴拿马和哥斯达黎加，媒体、智库乃至政府官员都对中国交通建设公司的活动及其对他们的经济造成的影响提出了质疑。我们能够预期他们会对今后同中国交通建设公司的交易进行更严格的审核，并在未来对中国人民共和国的基建援助可能造成的负面影响进行一些更加深入的思考。
台湾
尽管中国在该地区的行为咄咄逼人，但我们同台湾的关系自成一体，而且我们同台湾的关系不是美中关系的一个分支。我们已经阐明，美国将继续推进我们同台湾的接触。阿扎尔部长（Secretary Azar）最近对台湾的访问显示出美国将同台湾就国际事务进行合作，例如全球健康事务，而且接下来的经济接触将进一步深化我们强劲的纽带。
我们还将继续大力支持台湾在国际组织中的有意义的参与，特别是在关系到公共健康、安全和保障的领域。台湾值得称赞的应对COVID-19冠状病毒的行动显示出它能为全球社区做出大量贡献，而且它对民主、人权和自由市场的承诺也是如此。
7月9日，本届政府正式通知国会向台湾出售防卫武器一事，这仅仅是我们将如何继续根据《台湾关系法》（Taiwan Relations Act）向台湾提供防卫物资和服务，以使台湾保持一种足够的自卫能力的一个近期的实例。美国实施《台湾关系法》及六项保证（Six Assurances）的承诺是坚定的，正如我们对美国的一个中国的政策的承诺，其中包括我们坚持以和平的、没有胁迫或恫吓的方式来解决海峡两岸的问题。
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结束语
美国同中华人民共和国有着一种重要的关系，正如全世界大多数国家一样。我们不是要让各国选边，而只是要让北京为其恶意行为负责，并在这个过程中保护他们自己的国家主权、安全以及长期的经济福祉。我们还请求国际社会同我们一起捍卫普世人权以及保障着全世界世世代代的共同和平、安全和繁荣的基于规则的国际体制。我们正在向这一目标大步迈进，而且我们深深地感谢贵委员会对我们的持续努力的支持。
点击这里查看英文版讲话全文：https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/advancing-u-s-engagement-and-countering-china-in-the-indo-pacific-and-beyond/ | TESTIMONY
DAVID R. STILWELL, ASSISTANT SECRETARY
BUREAU OF EAST ASIAN AND PACIFIC AFFAIRS
SENATE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
WASHINGTON, DC
SEPTEMBER 17, 2020
Chairman Risch, Ranking Member Menendez, and Members of the Committee:
Thank you for the opportunity to testify before the Committee to discuss the threat posed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to the United States and the global order, and what we are doing about it. I am joined by my Department colleagues, PDAS Julie Chung from our Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, and A/S Philip Reeker from our Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs. The fact that the three of us are testifying on CCP malign influence, representing three different geographic regions, is a testament to the global challenge we face and how the Department is adjusting to meet this challenge.
As Secretary Pompeo has repeatedly said, China is the first foreign policy challenge he thinks about each morning. Every one of us at the Department of State is focused on succeeding in this critical effort. I will center my testimony on an overview of our China policy, the CCP’s actions globally and how State is responding, and then focus specifically on what we are doing in the East Asia and Pacific region.
For years, we and the international community operated under the assumption that facilitating China’s entry into the rules-based international order would lead to increasing domestic reform and opening. We agreed that China, under the CCP, would abide by its international commitments at the WTO and elsewhere. The persistent flouting of these commitments, increasing under President Xi Jinping, demonstrated that it has failed to meet those expectations. It is now clear to us, and to more and more countries around the world, that the CCP under General Secretary Xi Jinping is not seeking to join the free and open international order we and our allies and partners have fought and died to defend for generations. Instead, PRC foreign and security policy seeks to disrupt and reshape the international environment around the narrow self-centered interests and authoritarian values of a single beneficiary, the Chinese Communist Party.
Today we are engaging with the Chinese Communist Party as it is, not as we wish it to be, or as it seeks to present itself rhetorically. Secretary Pompeo summed up this strategic shift in his October 30, 2019 speech: “It is no longer realistic to ignore the fundamental differences between our two systems and the impact that…the differences in those systems have on American national security…Today, we are finally realizing the degree to which the Communist Party is truly hostile to the United States and our values.” This requires a clear-eyed view of the CCP’s motives and actions around the world, not only by the U.S. government, but by our companies, our institutions, and by our citizens. And to be truly successful in this effort, it requires that we work together with our allies and partners around the world to recognize and meet the CCP challenge.
We must also be clear what is at stake: The United States has maintained a position of global leadership for generations because our actions have benefited countless nations around the world and strengthened the international system. The CCP is now using any and all means to undermine the international rules-based order and project power across the world, especially in the Indo-Pacific region. All nations should worry how this outcome would negatively affect the global community and the values we share.
A few months ago, as the world was coming to grips with the reality of the global pandemic, one of China’s leading virologists warned that the coronavirus was “just the tip of the iceberg.” She was speaking as an epidemiologist and urging a global response to prevent future outbreaks, but that analogy is a useful way to think about CCP aggression and malign activities globally.
For each visible example of CCP malign activity worldwide, there are many more lurking beneath the surface. Part of our job in the Department, and especially in the EAP Bureau, is to help bring more of that iceberg into the open for other nations to see the CCP for what it truly is – an aggressive, autocratic, ambitious, paranoid, hostile threat to free and open societies and the free and open international order.
Beijing’s aggressive behavior takes many forms, including assaults on foreign companies and governments; manipulation of international organizations; silencing of critics abroad; buying, stealing, or forcing the transfer of technology to further its military and economic ambitions; and spreading disinformation. Beijing’s cover-up of the outbreak of COVID-19 has made urgently clear to the international community the dangers of the CCP’s lack of transparency and use of disinformation to global health and security. This is not an aberration; this is a reflection of how the CCP operates.
The past several months alone have seen particularly egregious examples of Beijing’s conduct: violence on the border with India; aggressive moves in the South China Sea and around Taiwan and the Senkakus; a push to wipe out Mongolian and Tibetan culture and language in China; and a continued campaign of repression and forced labor in Xinjiang. Australian journalists have fled China due to harassment by security services. Beijing unilaterally imposed a draconian National Security Law in Hong Kong, including clauses that allow the PRC to issue extraterritorial arrest warrants for those criticizing the government while in other countries. These are not the actions of a responsible global actor but a lawless bully.
At the Department of State, we are working hard every day to counter the CCP’s malign activities around the world. In implementing the President’s 2017 National Security Strategy, we are pushing back on revisionist powers, such as the PRC, who use technology, propaganda, and coercion to shape a world antithetical to our interests and values. We are holding the CCP to its commitments, both to us and to global rules, norms, and organizations. We will call them out publicly when they fall short. And we will vigorously defend our interests and those of our friends and allies when they are threatened. Not since the Cold War have we focused our efforts so intently on a single foreign policy challenge, and I can assure you we are firing on all cylinders across the full spectrum of the China challenge.
Let me be clear: The American and Chinese people have close ties going back generations, and we continue to welcome Chinese students, visitors, investors, and immigrants. We have an important relationship with China, as do most countries in the world. We are not asking countries to choose sides, but rather to stand up to protect their own national sovereignty, security, values, and economic well-being. We are also asking the international community to join us in standing up for the international rules, norms, and organizations that have provided for our collective peace, security, and prosperity for generations.
This clear-eyed approach to China means we are insisting on reciprocity across the entirety of our relationship, from trade and investment to visas and diplomatic access. We will continue to uphold the rights and freedoms the United States has always stood for, whether exposing human rights abuses in Xinjiang and Tibet, fighting for press freedom, or supporting individual freedoms and democratic processes in Hong Kong.
Our competition with the People’s Republic of China need not lead to conflict. In fact, by competing, we are restoring balance and stability in areas where the United States and the world previously allowed Beijing to foment imbalance and instability, to the detriment of us all. We will also seek to cooperate with China in those areas where our interests align, and remain committed to achieving progress on a broad range of topics, including resolving trade inequities, achieving DPRK denuclearization, and stemming the deadly, unacceptable flow into the United States of fentanyl, whether manufactured in China or made elsewhere with Chinese precursors.
Our China policy efforts at the Department of State are guided by the 2017 National Security Strategy (NSS) and grouped around the four pillars laid out in that strategy: 1) protect the American people, homeland, and way of life; 2) promote American prosperity; 3) preserve peace through strength; and 4) advance American influence. On May 20, the White House published a report on the United States Strategic Approach to the People’s Republic of China detailing efforts across the government.
Within the State Department, we have organized to ensure that all of our bureaus, offices, and posts around the world have sufficient policy clarity, training, resources, data, and messaging direction to successfully tackle the China challenge in their areas of operation. This has meant breaking down bureaucratic barriers, shifting resources, and developing new coordination mechanisms.
I co-chair a new coordination body with all of our regional and functional bureaus to coordinate our lines of effort on China policy across the Department. Other agencies also coordinate on these lines of effort. The mechanism has a special focus on bringing together the policy and messaging sides of the house to ensure the two are working hand in glove. We’ve also asked all of our posts around the world to designate reporting and public diplomacy officers to focus specifically on the China policy portfolio in their host country, and to ensure posts’ interagency leadership teams are sufficiently focused and coordinated on our number one foreign policy challenge.
On the analytical side, we’ve developed new data-driven diplomacy tools to give our officers the information and analysis they require. Our posts have also drastically increased their diplomatic reporting on CCP activities and influence in every country, providing a trove of additional information to inform our understanding of the China challenge. We’re also tripling our cadre of forward-deployed, regionally focused China experts, who play a critical role in supporting our posts and identifying regional trends in CCP behavior.
The battle against CCP malign activities requires messaging that is well-informed, well-crafted, and well-executed all around the world. Accordingly, our public diplomacy teams are working in partnership with the Bureau of Global Public Affairs and the Global Engagement Center (GEC) to promote a positive vision of U.S. leadership, expose malign conduct, and counter propaganda and disinformation.
From the Secretary on down, all of our leaders and public diplomacy practitioners are empowered to convey these messages. Our Ambassadors in the field across all geographic regions have been particularly effective in taking this challenge on. The Bureau of Global Public Affairs (GPA) supports our team in the field by regularly disseminating topline messages and senior leader statements. GPA also publishes original content that describes American values and contrasts CCP behavior with global norms.
The GEC has significantly expanded its work on the China challenge over the last year. GEC works in partnership across the Department, our posts overseas, the NSC, and relevant departments and agencies to coordinate strategies and tactics. GEC’s efforts to counter CCP propaganda include increasing awareness of the problematic aspects of the One Belt One Road initiative, human rights abuses in Xinjiang, Tibet, and elsewhere in China, and Beijing’s abuse of open research and academic environments to achieve its military objectives. GEC programs build global resilience to PRC disinformation through media training and other support to investigative journalists and to map PRC influence in the information environment to guide current and future approaches.
The GEC also supports efforts to provide accurate information about U.S. policies and contributions of U.S. businesses to local communities to restrict the space where CCP propaganda can take root. Across the Department, we leverage GEC’s analytical tools and networks of credible partners and local voices overseas.
Globally, one of the CCP’s most insidious and powerful influence vectors is its economic clout, which it uses as leverage in other strategic areas. PRC state-led lending and investment often distort markets, encourage corruption, avoid transparency, and create an uneven playing field for American companies and local competitors. PRC initiatives like “One Belt One Road” seek to fuse Beijing’s economic and strategic goals to the detriment of host country sovereignty, security, and sustainable economic growth. The United States has been on the forefront of raising global awareness about the dangers of this type of PRC lending and investment.
The United States levels the playing field for American companies by promoting free enterprise and transparent, private sector investment through improved market access and competitiveness and increased business-to-business ties. With bipartisan congressional support, the United States Government is deploying new and innovative mechanisms in key areas:
We also seek to equip states to resist coercive economic practices, unsustainable debt burdens, and other dangers:
Through its Military-Civil Fusion development strategy the PRC is working to “fuse” its economic and social development strategies with its security strategies to build an integrated national strategic system and capabilities in support of Beijing’s goals. In doing so the PRC exercises subterfuge in its international economic and academic collaboration, as well as in its investments in key advanced, sensitive, and emerging technologies. The PRC’s intent is to divert technology acquired through civilian trade and/or exchanges – including through both licit and illicit means – to military end uses. The PRC seeks to render ineffective traditional U.S. tools to protect our economy, such as export controls, visa screening, and investment screening for proliferation risk.
The Department has taken important measures to safeguard our critical infrastructure and technology and deny the PRC the ability to target and acquire sensitive technologies in the United States to further its military and commercial capabilities. These included the suspension of entry of certain PRC students and researchers seeking J and F visas for work in fields relevant to military modernization.
For over two years, the United States has called on countries around the world to secure their 5G networks from untrusted vendors, such as the PRC’s Huawei and ZTE. On April 29, Secretary Pompeo announced the 5G Clean Path initiative to protect the voice and data traversing 5G standalone digital cellular telecommunications systems and networks that service U.S. diplomatic communications at home and abroad. More and more countries and companies around the world are putting in place strong measures to secure their 5G networks.
But 5G infrastructure is only one part of a broader telecommunications and emerging technology landscape and these same risks of untrusted vendors subject to the unchecked powers of compulsion of authoritarian states like the PRC apply across this ecosystem. To address this broader threat, on August 5 Secretary Pompeo announced the Clean Network initiative, a comprehensive approach to safeguarding citizens’ privacy and companies’ most sensitive information from manipulation or disruption by foreign adversaries. This Department and interagency effort addresses important and previously overlooked technology areas including apps and app stores, cloud services providers, and undersea cables.
Malign CCP influence manifests itself through a diversity of organizations, from PRC diplomatic missions to propaganda outlets, Confucius Institutes, United Front organizations, state-owned enterprises and more.
On the media front, since February we have designated the U.S.-based operations of nine PRC propaganda outlets—including Xinhua, People’s Daily, and China Global Television Network – as foreign missions. In March, we capped the number of PRC nationals allowed to work at these designated state media outlets to more closely match the number of independent American journalists Beijing allows to operate in the PRC.
We have likewise designated the Confucius Institutes U.S. Center (CIUS) as a foreign mission. While claiming no other aim than to teach Americans about Chinese language and culture, the Confucius Institutes also promote the Chinese Communist Party’s agenda and subvert academic freedom.
We must recognize these entities for what they are – organizations under Beijing’s control and vectors for CCP propaganda and influence. Americans should know that they are not independent media or simple educational institutions. We are also encouraging social media companies to label PRC official media accounts clearly so that everyone recognizes them as propaganda tools of the CCP. In July, we closed the PRC Consulate in Houston due to serious concerns about the inappropriate activities of its diplomats. We now require senior PRC diplomats to seek permission for many meetings, large events, and visits to academic institutions. Of course, the longstanding barriers that Beijing imposes on U.S. diplomats in China remain far more severe.
We appreciate Congressional leadership in establishing the new Counter Chinese Influence Fund (CCIF) in the FY 2020 appropriations bill. This very important provision provides the U.S. interagency with a flexible mechanism that will bolster our efforts to strengthen our partners’ resiliency to China’s malign influence worldwide.
The Director of Foreign Assistance at the State Department is currently leading the effort to review proposals from Washington and posts around the world. The Department and USAID are prioritizing proposals in four areas: Commercial Engagement, Good Governance, Promoting Security and Resilience, and Winning the Technology Competition. There is strong demand from the field. The initial round of CCIF funding solicitation resulted in over 400 project submissions from around the globe, with demand far outstripping the appropriated funding. Initial allocation decisions are planned by early October.
We have led the global response to the PRC’s crackdown in Hong Kong, including by spearheading joint statements with like-minded countries, imposing financial sanctions and visa restrictions on PRC officials in both Beijing and Hong Kong, including Chief Executive Carrie Lam, cancelling our extradition treaty and exchange programs, and instituting export restrictions. Our efforts paved the way for many other countries to speak out against PRC actions, and to take similar measures of their own.
More than any other government, the United States has taken concrete action to respond to the human rights crisis in Xinjiang. In October 2019, the Department announced visa restrictions on officials responsible for, or complicit in, human rights abuses. This complements the Department of Commerce’s addition to its Entity List of 48 entities in the PRC, including elements of the Public Security Bureau and commercial companies, implicated in human rights abuses.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection has issued Withhold Release Orders (WROs) prohibiting imports of specified merchandise produced by several companies who operate in Xinjiang based on information that reasonably indicated the use of forced labor in their operations. We issued a business advisory to caution businesses about the risks of supply chain links to human rights abuses, including forced labor, in Xinjiang and elsewhere in China. The Treasury Department sanctioned two PRC government entities and six current or former government officials in connection with serious rights abuse against ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, including Politburo member Chen Quanguo.
The resilience and strength of our global alliances and partnerships is paramount to addressing strategic competition with China, and in no region is this more true than the Indo-Pacific – a region that accounts for more than half the world’s population and GDP. As we take account of China’s efforts globally, we must continue to remember that the Indo-Pacific is the frontline in our strategic competition with China.
In recognition of the geopolitical importance of the Indo-Pacific, President Trump announced the U.S. Strategic Framework for the Indo-Pacific three years ago in Da Nang, Vietnam, to advance a vision for the Indo-Pacific region in which all countries prosper side by side as sovereign, independent states. The Indo-Pacific Strategy is fundamentally about supporting the autonomy of Indo-Pacific states facing PRC attempts to dominate the region. It rests on cooperation with allies and partners, as well as the centrality of ASEAN, APEC, and other institutions in the regional architecture.
The Indo-Pacific Strategy has defined a shared vision for a region that is open to trade and investment, free from coercion, and secure. The United States and a diverse cohort of allies and partners now speak clearly in terms of the “Indo-Pacific.” This is significant in semantic and strategic terms. Similar concepts have been put forward by Japan, India, Australia, South Korea, and Taiwan, as well as the “ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific,” showing remarkable alignment across our partners. These efforts set forth consistent principles to guide the region’s future that push back on the PRC’s authoritarian, state-led development model.
We have advanced our economic initiatives in lockstep with our allies and partners. I have already mentioned the Blue Dot Network—launched with Australia and Japan—as one example. In the Indo-Pacific region, we are working together on the ground, for example through a five-country partnership with Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, to bring electricity to the people of Papua New Guinea.
To promote good governance, which is integral to U.S. foreign policy and national security interests and in line with U.S. values, we launched the Indo-Pacific Transparency Initiative two years ago. With it, we are optimizing longstanding programs and launching new ones focused on particular vectors of PRC influence, including corruption, disinformation and information control, and coercive financing. These programs promote civil society, rule of law, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and transparent and accountable governments across the region.
We are also reinforcing our security commitments. Our security assistance to South China Sea claimant states helps partners protect their autonomy and maritime resources.
State and USAID have doubled development assistance to our Pacific Island partners through the Pacific Pledge. Never before have we had so many people on the ground, in so many Pacific Island countries.
We are developing new arrangements to coordinate with like-minded partners. In September 2019, the first ministerial-level meeting of the United States, Australia, India, and Japan at the Quadrilateral Consultations marked a new milestone in Indo-Pacific diplomatic engagement.
Building on the successes of the Lower Mekong Initiative, the five Mekong partner countries and the United States launched the Mekong-U.S. Partnership on September 11 as a strategic forum for cooperation.
The Partnership will continue existing work and expand our areas of cooperation, including economic connectivity, energy security, human capital development, and transboundary water and natural resources management. This includes supporting these countries in holding the CCP accountable for sharing water data from China’s massive upstream dams in Tibet and elsewhere.
We will also cooperate on emerging threats such as health security capacity building and pandemic response, countering transnational crime, cyber security, and countering trafficking in persons, illicit drugs, and wildlife.
On July 13, Secretary Pompeo announced a change in U.S. policy on maritime claims in the South China Sea, making clear that Beijing’s claims to offshore resources across most of the South China Sea are unlawful, as is its campaign of coercion to control them. We are standing with Southeast Asian states to uphold their sovereign rights under international law. We welcomed your joint statement on the South China Sea, Chairman Risch and Ranking Member Menendez, reflecting our resolve in clarifying the United States’ position that the PRC’s maritime claims in the South China Sea are unlawful. We have seen Southeast Asian countries speak out more vocally as a result of our policy change.
On August 26, the Secretary announced visa restrictions for certain employees of PRC SOEs involved in South China Sea militarization and land reclamation activity, including the China Communications Construction Co. (CCCC), which was coordinated with Department of Commerce additions to its Entity List. And we’ve seen results. In the Philippines, in Malaysia, and as far afield as Panama and Costa Rica, media, think tanks, and even government officials have raised questions about CCCC activity and its impact on their economies. We can expect them to subject future dealings with CCCC to greater scrutiny, and to think a bit more deeply about the potential downsides of PRC infrastructure assistance in the future.
Notwithstanding China’s aggressive behavior in the region, our relationship with Taiwan stands on its own and our relationship with Taiwan is not a subset of U.S.-China relations. We have made clear that the United States will continue to advance our engagement with Taiwan. The recent visit by Secretary Azar to Taiwan demonstrates that the United States will work with Taiwan on international issues, such as global health, and upcoming economic engagements will further deepen our robust ties.
We also will continue to vigorously support Taiwan’s meaningful participation in international organizations, especially where public health, safety, and security are concerned. Taiwan’s commendable COVID-19 response demonstrates it has much to offer to the global community, as does its commitment to democracy, human rights, and free markets.
On July 9, the Administration formally notified Congress of a defense arms sale to Taiwan, just one recent example of how, consistent with the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA), we will continue to provide Taiwan defense articles and services to enable Taiwan to maintain a sufficient self-defense capability. The U.S. commitment to implementing the Taiwan Relations Act and the Six Assurances is firm, as is our commitment to the U.S. one-China policy, including our insistence that cross-Strait issues be resolved peacefully and without coercion or intimidation.
We also engage closely with the private sector in advancing our policies and values. The Indo-Pacific Business Forum has emerged as a premier annual event bringing together leaders from the private and public sectors from economies across the Indo-Pacific region, including the United States, to share knowledge, build relationships, and explore opportunities. This year we are co-sponsoring the IPBF together with the government of Vietnam and with leading business organizations as a virtual conference in late October.
The IPBF supports and extends our Indo-Pacific strategy, as one important tool to make our economic case to the region for the transparent, private sector-driven model we promote, and its proven track record for delivering sustainable growth, reducing poverty, and fostering technological innovation. This model provides a clear and compelling alternative to the PRC’s state-led approach to development that all too often leaves countries in the Indo-Pacific region saddled with unsustainable debt and vulnerable to political and economic pressure. American businesses also find significant value in new markets in this dynamic region.
In all of our policy efforts, outreach to other countries is critical. We have been vigorously engaging our allies and partners on the full scope of CCP malign activities, including 5G, military-civil fusion, human rights abuses, environmental degradation, propaganda and disinformation, and international organizations, among many other issues.
In the technology realm, dozens of countries have now taken action to restrict untrusted Beijing-linked vendors from their 5G networks. We’ve also seen stricter investment screening mechanisms instituted in the EU and more than a dozen other countries to help protect critical technology or infrastructure, including from CCP control. On international organizations, some 54 countries came together to deny the PRC candidate the top leadership position of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Twenty-three countries joined us in co-signing a joint statement on Xinjiang at the UN Third Committee. Allies and partners have also joined together to oppose Beijing’s efforts to insert language promoting CCP ideology and unilateral policy initiatives in United Nations documents.
Regarding CCP influence and interference, more and more countries are taking action against Confucius Institutes, United Front organizations, and other vectors of CCP malign influence and disinformation, including CCP influence efforts on university campuses. On Hong Kong, we have released several joint statements with allies and partners, many of which have also suspended extradition treaties with Hong Kong and imposed export controls. In line with what we have done in these areas, we encourage all countries to push for transparency and reciprocity in their relations with the PRC, and to expose and counter CCP vectors of influence and interference, including by PRC state media and PRC diplomats.
The United States has an important relationship with the PRC, as do most countries in the world. We are not asking countries to choose sides but simply to hold Beijing accountable for its malign behavior, and in the process to protect their own national sovereignty, security, and long-term economic well-being. We are also asking the international community to join us in standing up for universal rights and the rules-based international system that have provided for the world’s collective peace, security, and prosperity for generations. We are making great strides toward this goal, and we deeply appreciate the Committee’s support of our continued efforts. |
在这张2011年8月21日的照片中，时任美国副总统乔·拜登（右）与时任中国国家副主席习近平（左）在位于中国西南部四川省成都郊区的都江堰的南桥参观。(美联社图片/Ng Han Guan，档案)
了解影响美中双边关系的当前问题。
美国和中国定期举办官方访问和会谈，以增强两国双边关系。 | Learn about the current issues that affect the U.S.-China bilateral relationship.
The United States and China regularly hold official visits and meetings to strengthen the bilateral relationship. |
地区英语项目办公室（RELO）是美国驻华大使馆公共事务处的一部分，致力于为中国和蒙古国的英语教师提供职业发展机会，以支持公共外交外联。
该办公室依托美国大使馆和领事馆的公共事务处开展工作，通过开展英语教学相关的项目和活动，为广大英语教师提供培训机会、专业指导及教学资源。RELO北京办公室是全球26个地区英语项目办公室之一，由美国国务部教育与文化事务局英语项目办公室协调。
英语职业发展网络平台 (OPEN) 旨在为全球的英语教育工作者、专业人士和英语学习者提供线上学习机会，以促进文化交流，并免费提供可重复使用、改编和与他人共享的教学和学习资源。该平台的教学资源由美国学术机构和英语教学领域的专家共同开发。
英语教学在线讲座每年举办3期，每期为全球英语教学人员提供6场在线讲座。最新讲座信息及参与方式请关注https://www.openenglishprograms.org/LiveEvents
英语职业发展网络平台为英语教师和广大学习者提供英语教学与英语学习免费慕课，课程为期5周，或更长时间。课程详情及参与方式请访问https://www.openenglishprograms.org/MOOC
《英语教学论坛》是英语教师写给英语教师的季刊，内容涵盖教学理念、课堂活动以及职业发展建议。2001年至今的电子期刊及文章的检索网址：https://americanenglish.state.gov/forum
英语语言学者项目是一个为期10个月的学术交流项目，旨在选派美国获得英语教学领域硕士学位、具有丰富英语教学经验的学者，到中国的高等院校、教育管理部门及其他教育机构开展英语教学及教师培训活动。详情请点击链接。
英语语言专家项目是美国国务院的一项公共外交倡议。该项目由美国大使馆公共事务处根据东道国合作方需求所设计，从而选派英语教育领域的美国专家开展为期 10 个工作日至 3 个月的英语教学相关项目。详情请点击链接。
联系信息
电话: 010-85314511 电子邮
件: [email protected]
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请扫描二维码了解更多信息 | The Office works through the Public Affairs Sections of the US Embassy and US Consulates to create and implement projects and programs related to English language teaching methodology by providing training opportunities, expertise and materials. The RELO Office in Beijing is one of 26 such offices around the world and is coordinated by the U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, Office of English Language Programs.
The Online Professional English Network (OPEN) program offers virtual learning opportunities to foreign English language educators, professionals and learners worldwide. OPEN promotes mutual exchange of culture and provides free access to teaching and learning materials which can be reused, adapted and shared with others. OPEN professional development opportunities are developed by U.S. academic institutions and experts in the field of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL).
American English Webinar offers three series each year of six Zoom Live professional development sessions for English language educators around the world.
Get to know the most recent webinar series from: https://www.openenglishprograms.org/LiveEvents
The OPEN Program offers free Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) to English teachers and learners, which are open to an unlimited number of participants. Some MOOCs are 5 weeks, and some are longer.
For more information: https://www.openenglishprograms.org/MOOC
A quarterly journal for English teachers written by teachers, with classroom ideas and activities, plus suggestions for professional development. Browse online English Teaching Forum issues and articles dating back to 2001 from https://americanenglish.state.gov/forum.
The English Language Fellow Program brings American academics in English language education to China for 10 months to work with a higher educational institution. The Fellows all have a minimum of a Master’s degree (MA) in TEFL or a related field such as Applied Linguistics or other such fields. The Fellows can work with the host institution to teach students, train English teachers, develop curriculum and materials, and address assessment issues. For detailed information, please click here.
The English Language Specialist Program is a U.S. Department of State public diplomacy initiative in which experts in the field of English language education lead intensive English language projects from 10 working days to 3 months, designed by the Public Affairs sections of U.S. Embassies around the world, to respond to local needs. English Language Specialists exchange knowledge, build capacity, and establish partnerships benefiting participants, institutions, and communities in the United States and overseas. For detailed information, please click here.
TESOL Master Class Webinar Series
TESOL Master Class Webinar Series is a tailor-made program which provides the opportunity for U.S. and Chinese teachers and scholars to exchange ideas on English language teaching addressing the context and needs in China.
TESOL Master Class Webinar Series 1
TESOL Master Class Webinar Series 2
TESOL Master Class Webinar Series 3
TESOL Master Class Webinar Series 4
TESOL Master Class Webinar Series 5 |
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美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2019年8月17日
简报
太平洋诸岛论坛—美国与太平洋诸岛的联系
美国长期保持对太平洋诸岛和邻国的承诺，倡导印度-太平洋（Indo-Pacific）地区的和平、自由与开放。美国始终坚持对太平洋诸岛未来安全与繁荣的承诺。
在太平洋诸岛论坛（Pacific Islands Forum）50周年之际，美国增加对太平洋诸岛伙伴关系的贡献，除美国各机构为促进该地区人民未来的繁荣对工程、援助和运行每年投入的约3.5亿美元款项之外，承诺提供3, 650万新的对外援助。美国与太平洋诸岛建立伙伴关系，要求战胜全球和地区的各种挑战，包括增强地区安全与稳定，促进可持续增长，解决环境领域的难题，应对自然灾害和巩固我们人民与人民之间的联系。
美国国内资源部部长（Secretary of the Interior）戴维·伯恩哈特（David Bernhardt）率美国跨机构代表团出席第31届太平洋诸岛论坛的论坛伙伴对话（Forum Dialogue Partners）会议，反映了美国对太平洋诸岛作为印度-太平洋地区的重要伙伴给予高度重视。
在特朗普政府（Trump Administration）领导下，美国前所未有地增进了与太平洋诸岛国家的联系，例如副总统彭斯（Pence）于去年11月前往巴布亚新几内亚出席亚太经济合作组织（APEC）会议以及特朗普总统于2019年5月21日在椭圆形办公室（Oval Office）与自由自由联系邦（Freely Associated States）3位总统举行的历史性会晤。7月，美国退伍军人事务部部长（Secretary of Veterans Affairs）罗伯特·威尔基（Robert Wilkie）出席密克罗尼西亚总统潘鲁罗（Paneulo）的就职仪式。今年早些时候，国务卿蓬佩奥（Pompeo）成为访问马歇尔群岛和密克罗尼西亚联邦的第一位美国国务卿。他在访问密克罗尼西亚期间宣布，美国准备开始就自由联系邦契约（Compacts of Free Association）修正案开始谈判。
今天，美国政府宣布，美国根据印度–太平洋战略（Indo-Pacific Strategy）承诺为该地区提供3,650万美元的新援助。这项援助增进了对该地区的坚定承诺，加深了与太平洋诸岛国家的合作，要求增强各国的安全和应变能力，支持经济增长并促进良好治理。此外，美国国际发展署（USAID）将增加在斐济、巴布亚新几内亚、密克罗尼西亚联邦、马歇尔群岛共和国和帕劳的代表人数。
提高对环境挑战的应变能力：美国认识到，由于海平面上升和该地区对自然灾害的脆弱性，解决环境恶化和气候变化问题是太平洋地区的优先事务。国务院将与跨机构伙伴共同努力，支持与太平洋诸岛共同发展应变能力的工作，例如改善饮用水的质量和废水管理，支持水务和气候预报的基础设施并改进早期预警和对灾害的应变能力。
核场地的监测：国内资源部和能源部将新拨170万美元的款项，用于检测鲁尼特圆顶（Runit Dome）核存储设施附近的地下水。该项目将与马歇尔群岛共和国政府共同完成，并将钻通新的孔道用于搜集具有代表性的水样。
支持保护珊瑚礁：美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）将扩大在该地区的珊瑚礁保护工作。珊瑚礁可通过碎波和海浪能量衰减，降低水灾的危险，为沿海社区和财产提供有力的保护。美国国家海洋和大气管理局还将为更多的太平洋诸岛国家扩大珊瑚礁监护（Coral Reef Watch）项目。该项目利用卫星数据预测珊瑚礁的白化程度。
对极端气候的准备工作：美国支持降低灾害危险的项目，从而挽救生命，减少灾害的影响。美国地质调查局（U.S. Geological Survey）、美国国际发展署和国家海洋和大气管理局支持对地震、海啸、热带旋风和火山建立早期预警系统。美国地质调查局正在巴布亚新几内亚安装新的设备，协助检测火山动态。国家海洋和大气管理局为太平洋诸岛国家的200多名天气预报人员和紧急救援管理人员提供训练，其中几名完成训练的人员已成为本国国家气象服务局的主任（Directors of National Meteorological Services）。国家海洋和大气管理局还将进一步训练太平洋地区的官员确定地震方位并对破坏性海啸可能造成的影响进行评估。国家海洋和大气管理局将在整个地区扩大紧急通讯设备的发放，有助于紧急通讯极度有限或不存在的诸岛相互联络。
救灾反应：美国努力提高太平洋诸岛社区、公民社会、政府和地区机为构减轻自然灾害的影响和准备应对自然灾害的工作。美国国际发展署的外国救灾援助办公室（Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance）、国防部和美国海岸警卫队（U.S. Coast Guard）都与太平洋地区各国政府一起开展人道主义援助和救灾演习。如果自然灾害来袭，美国随时准备提供援助。2019年，美国国际发展署在3月台风蝴蝶（Typhoon Wutip）袭击后为密克罗尼西亚提供了1,700万美元救灾援助。
建设有应变能力的基础设施并扩展联网：美国致力于改善获得电力的渠道，以及开放、安全和可靠的因特网联网，以帮助带动太平洋地区的经济增长。根据印度-太平洋战略，美国正在落实副总统彭斯对巴布亚新几内亚电气化的承诺。美国正在同澳大利亚、日本和新西兰这些捐赠伙伴共同努力，到2030年使电力覆盖率达到70%。在自由联系邦，美国国内资源部（Department of the Interior）提供了63亿美元援助，将信用基金资本化、改善公用设施和学校的基础建设，并帮助提供基本的医卫和教育服务。契约基金支持了多项基础建设项目，其中包括巴伯尔道布岛（Babeldaob）上的环线公路、威诺岛（Weno Island）上的主要公路以及马朱罗（Majuro）、科斯雷（Kosrae）和楚克（Chuuk）的新医院。
增进良好治理：太平洋岛国和美国共同坚定地致力于民主、法治、和平解决分歧以及透明度。太平洋诸岛良治倡议（Pacific Islands Good Governance Initiative）将在地区内提倡健全、公正及响应民意的治理，赋予公民权能、帮助抗击腐败，并加强各国的自治。美国将提供300万美元来促进公民参与，并在选举和政府中提倡透明和问责。
增进海事安全：增进海事安全对于打击非法、未报告和未受管制的捕鱼至关重要。在过去一年中，美国海岸警卫队增强了在大洋洲（Oceania）的部署，向该地区部署主力巡逻舰，展开渔业执法行动，并支持太平洋岛国论坛渔业局（Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency）的运作。美国的随船观察员（shiprider）协议允许地方执法官员登上美国海岸警卫队舰船，包括对涉嫌违法或违规船只的上船搜查。美国同库克群岛、密克罗尼西亚联邦、斐济、基里巴斯、瑙鲁、帕劳、马绍尔群岛、萨摩亚、汤加、图瓦卢和瓦努阿图签订了11项随船观察员协议。在过去一年中，海岸警卫队实施了11项协议中的6项，最近一次是于2018年12月在斐济实施的。海岸警卫队计划增加在大洋洲的有关运作，以通过合作及联合行动来推动海事安全和安保。
建设打击非法捕鱼的能力：4月份，美国海岸警卫队将10个签订了随船观察员协议的太平洋岛国的官员汇集在一起，参加有史以来的第一个美国和太平洋岛国多边渔业执法研讨会（U.S. and Pacific Islands Multilateral Fisheries Law Enforcement Symposium）。接下来，国务院以及国家海洋和大气管理局将主办一个地区性培训班，扩大太平洋地区的检察官打击非法、未报告和未受管制的违规者的执法能力。国家海洋和大气管理局还将为太平洋岛国扩大渔业执法能力建设的努力，并增强对太平洋诸岛论坛渔业局的技术援助，以帮助监控并发现非法、未报告和未受管制的捕鱼。
增进安全合作：根据印度-太平洋战略，国防部正在增加在该地区的安全援助，追加提供2,450万美元资金，用于增强自由联系邦保卫领水、开展海事和边境安全行动、打击毒品贩运和跨国有组织犯罪，以及支持机场后勤服务的能力。
发展人民之间的联系
保护太平洋文化遗产：美国对历史保护基金（Historic Preservation Fund）的支持保护着美国岛屿地区的自然和文化资源，最近于2018年提供了260万美元资金。国内资源部将于12月为现有的及可能的世界遗产（World Heritage）处所主办一次会议和培训。
培养未来的太平洋地区年轻领导人：美国国务院的这个项目将太平洋岛国崭露头角的领导人汇集在一起，讨论教育、环境、公民领导作用以及经济和社会发展。项目目前及历届的参与者竞争获得10,000美元赠款，将创意付诸行动。2019年赠款获得者的完整名单见： https://fm.usembassy.gov/u-s-state-department-announces-2019-young-pacific-leaders-grant-recipients/。
支持青年海洋外交：2019年6月，国务院将22名密克罗尼西亚、马绍尔群岛和帕劳在公民教育、法治、创业和青年领导力方面崭露头角的领导人汇集在一起。这个项目赋予参与者权能，利用技术打击非法、未报告和未受管制的捕鱼。参与者将在返回各自国家后落实社区项目。有关这个项目的详情请见：https://www.worldoregon.org/empowering_changemakers_in_the_pacific_islands
视频链接： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JheUUDa-X00
了解详情请联系[email protected] | The United States has long been committed to Pacific friends and neighbors in promoting a peaceful, free and open Indo-Pacific region. The United States is committed to the Pacific Islands’ future security and prosperity.
On the occasion of the 50th Pacific Islands Forum, the United States is increasing contributions to the partnerships with the Pacific Islands with a pledge of $36.5 million in new foreign assistance. This is in addition to the approximately $350 million annually that U.S. agencies invest in projects, assistance, and operations to build a more prosperous future for the people of the region. The United States partners with the Pacific Islands to tackle global and regional challenges, including promoting regional security and stability, advancing sustainable growth, addressing environmental challenges, responding to natural disasters, and strengthening our people-to-people ties.
Secretary of the Interior David Bernhardt’s leadership of an interagency U.S. delegation to the 31st Pacific Islands Forum’s Forum Dialogue Partners meeting reflects the importance that the United States places on the Pacific Islands as a key part of the Indo-Pacific region.
Under the Trump Administration, the United States has increased engagement with Pacific Island nations to unprecedented levels, including Vice President Pence’s visit to Papua New Guinea for APEC last November and President Trump’s historic Oval Office meeting with the three Presidents of the Freely Associated States on May 21, 2019. In July, Secretary of Veterans Affairs Robert Wilkie attended the inauguration of Micronesian President Paneulo. Earlier this month, Secretary Pompeo became the first Secretary of State to ever visit the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia. While in Micronesia, he announced that the United States intends to begin negotiations on amendments to certain provisions of the Compacts of Free Association.
Today, the U.S. Government announces that under the Indo-Pacific Strategy, the U.S. is committing $36.5 million in new U.S. assistance to the region. This reinforces the steadfast commitment to the region and the deepening collaboration with Pacific Island countries to strengthen their security and resilience, foster economic growth, and increase good governance. In addition, USAID will expand its staff presence in Fiji, Papua New Guinea, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Palau.
Enhancing Resilience to Environmental Challenges: The United States recognizes that addressing environmental degradation and climate change is a priority in the Pacific due to the threat posed by sea level rise and the region’s vulnerability to natural disasters. The Department of State will work with interagency partners to support resilience work with the Pacific Islands to improve drinking water quality and wastewater management, to support water and weather forecasting infrastructure, and improve early warning and disaster resilience capability.
Monitoring nuclear sites: The Department of Interior and Department of Energy will devote $1.7 million in new funds to monitor ground water near the Runit Dome nuclear containment facility. The program will be completed in conjunction with the Marshallese government and will include drilling new holes so representative water samples can be collected and analyzed.
Supporting Conservation of Coral Reefs: NOAA will expand coral reef conservation efforts within the region. Coral reefs provide robust protection to coastal communities and property and reduce flood risk through wave breaking and wave energy attenuation. NOAA will also expand the Coral Reef Watch program to additional Pacific Island countries; this program uses satellite data to predict coral bleaching.
Preparing for Extreme Weather: The United States supports disaster risk reduction programs aimed at saving lives and reducing the impact of disasters. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), USAID, and NOAA support early warning systems for earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones, and volcanos. USGS is working to install new equipment in Papua New Guinea to assist with volcano monitoring. NOAA has trained more than 200 weather forecasters and emergency managers from Pacific Island countries, including several graduates who have become Directors of National Meteorological Services in their home countries. NOAA will also increase efforts to train Pacific officials to locate earthquakes and assess potential for destructive tsunamis. NOAA will expand the distribution of emergency communication devices throughout the region, connecting islands where emergency communication is extremely limited or non-existent.
Responding to Disasters: The United States works to raise the capacity of Pacific Island communities, civil society, governments, and regional institutions to mitigate and prepare for natural disasters. USAID’s Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, the Department of Defense, and the U.S. Coast Guard all engage in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief exercises with Pacific governments. When disaster strikes, the United States is ready to assist. In 2019, USAID provided $17 million in disaster assistance to Micronesia following Typhoon Wutip in March.
Building Resilient Infrastructure and Expanding Connectivity: The United States is committed to improve access to electricity and open, secure, and reliable internet access to help drive economic growth in the Pacific. Under the Indo-Pacific Strategy, The United States is following through on Vice President Pence’s commitment to electrify Papua New Guinea. The United States is working with donor partners Australia, Japan, and New Zealand to reach 70% electrification by 2030. In the Freely Associated States, the Department of the Interior has provided over $6.3 billion in assistance to capitalize trust funds, improve infrastructure at utilities and schools, and help deliver basic health and education services. Compact funding has supported many infrastructure projects including the ring road on Babeldaob, the main road on Weno Island, and new hospitals in Majuro, Kosrae, and Chuuk.
Enhancing Good Governance: The Pacific Islands and the United States share a strong commitment to democracy, rule of law, peaceful resolution of disputes, and transparency. The Pacific Islands Good Governance Initiative will promote sound, just, and responsive governance within the region to empower citizens, help combat corruption, and strengthen nations’ autonomy. The United States will contribute $3 million to boost citizen participation and promote transparency and accountability in elections and government.
Enhancing Maritime Security: Enhancing maritime security is critical to combating illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. During the last year, the U.S. Coast Guard increased its presence in Oceania, deploying major cutters to the region, conducting fisheries enforcement, and supporting Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency operations. U.S. “shiprider” agreements allow local law enforcement officers to embark on U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) vessels, including to board and search vessels suspected of violating laws or regulations. The United States has 11 shiprider agreements, with the Cook Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Palau, the Marshall Islands, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. In the past year, the Coast Guard exercised six of the 11 agreements, most recently with Fiji in Dec 2018. The Coast Guard intends to increase operations in Oceania to advance maritime safety and security through cooperation and combined operations.
Building Capacity to Combat Illegal Fishing: In April, the U.S. Coast Guard brought together officials from 10 Pacific Island countries with shiprider agreements for the first-ever U.S. and Pacific Islands Multilateral Fisheries Law Enforcement Symposium. Next, the Department of State and NOAA will host a regional workshop to expand Pacific prosecutors’ ability to enforce actions against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) violators. NOAA also will expand fisheries law enforcement capacity building efforts for Pacific Island countries and increase technical assistance to the Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency to help monitor and detect IUU fishing.
Enhancing Security Cooperation: Under the Indo-Pacific Strategy, the Department of Defense is increasing security assistance in the region with an additional $24.5 million in funding to enhance capabilities in the Freely Associated States to safeguard territorial waters, conduct maritime and border security operations, and counter drug trafficking and transnational organized crime, and support airport logistics.
Fostering People-to-People Ties
Preserving Pacific Cultural Heritage: U.S. support for the Historic Preservation Fund protects natural and cultural resources in the U.S. insular areas, and most recently provided $2.6 million in 2018. The Department of the Interior will host a conference and training in December for current and potential World Heritage sites.
Nurturing Future Young Pacific Leaders: This Department of State program gathers emerging leaders from Pacific Island nations to discuss education, environment, civic leadership, and economic and social development. Program participants and alumni compete for $10,000 grants to transform ideas into action. The full list of 2019 grant winners can be found here: https://fm.usembassy.gov/u-s-state-department-announces-2019-young-pacific-leaders-grant-recipients/.
Supporting Youth Ocean Diplomacy: In June 2019, the Department of State brought together 22 emerging Micronesian, Marshallese, and Palauan leaders in civic education, rule of law, entrepreneurship and youth leadership. The program empowered participants to use technology to combat illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. Participants will implement community projects after returning to their respective countries. For more on this program visit:https://www.worldoregon.org/empowering_changemakers_in_the_pacific_islands
Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JheUUDa-X00
For more information, contact [email protected] |
DOS Seal Featured Image
新闻稿：临时总统胡安·瓜伊多回到委内瑞拉
新闻声明
迈克尔·R·蓬佩奥
国务卿
华盛顿DC
2019年3月4日
美国赞扬委内瑞拉人民为创立和平民主的过渡所采取的行动，并祝贺临时总统胡安·瓜伊多在该地区所做的成功的外交努力及安全地返回委内瑞拉。
美国和世界各地热爱自由的国家与临时总统瓜伊多、国民议会以及所有民主力量站在一起，他们在努力建立自由和公平的选举，这将让民主回归委内瑞拉。
我们也欢迎委内瑞拉军队和安全服务人员做正确的事并承认临时总统胡安∙瓜伊多的消息。
国际社会必须团结一致，推动结束马杜罗的残酷政权和委内瑞拉和平恢复民主。 | Press Statement
Michael R. Pompeo
Secretary of State
Washington, DC
March 4, 2019
The United States applauds the people of Venezuela for their actions to create a peaceful democratic transition, and congratulates Interim President Juan Guaido on his successful diplomatic efforts in the region and safe return to Venezuela.
The United States and freedom-loving nations around the world stand with Interim President Guaido, the National Assembly, and all democratic forces as they work to establish free and fair elections that will return democracy to Venezuela.
We also welcome news of Venezuelan military and security service personnel doing the right thing and recognizing Interim President Juan Guaido.
The international community must unite and push for the end of Maduro’s brutal regime and the peaceful restoration of democracy in Venezuela. |
白宫
华盛顿特区
2023年4月14日
今天，美国正在采取重大的、历史性的行动来阻截贩运合成毒品，这代表着对整个政府拯救生命以及寻求正义与究责的努力的重大贡献。今天早些时候，司法部（Department of Justice）宣布对二十多名被告提出刑事指控，指控他们参与或支持非法芬太尼在世界各地的生产和扩散。这项执法行动是司法部，其中包括缉毒局（Drug Enforcement Administration），为捣毁从事非法芬太尼毒品贸易的个人的全球性网络所做的出色工作的成果。这是迄今提出的最重要的着重于芬太尼的系列刑事指控之一。
此外，财政部宣布对与用于合成非法芬太尼的前体化学品的全球扩散有关的两家公司和五名个人进行补充制裁。国务院还宣布将二十多名个人列入其缉毒奖励项目（Narcotics Rewards Program），该项目对举报有助于将主要在美国境外活动并严重违反我国禁毒法律的毒品贩运者逮捕或定罪的信息进行奖励。
这些行动代表着我们在全球打击芬太尼贩运的努力以及在与墨西哥和其他主要伙伴合作以抗击这类活动所带来的极其严重的威胁方面又迈出了一步。我们仍然坚定地认为，全球非法毒品贸易是对我们公众健康和安全、国家安全以及经济的威胁。我们也仍然坚定地致力于追究支持这类致命活动的人员的责任。我们赞扬司法部、缉毒局、财政部和国务院坚持不懈地寻求正义并究责，以及他们对维护美国人民安全的坚定承诺。
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/04/14/statement-by-national-security-advisor-jake-sullivan-on-historic-actions-against-global-illicit-fentanyl-network/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。 | Statement by National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan on Historic Actions Against Global Illicit Fentanyl Network
APRIL 14, 2023
Today, the United States is taking significant and historic actions to disrupt the trafficking of synthetic drugs, representing a major contribution to a government-wide effort to save lives and pursue justice and accountability. Earlier today, the Department of Justice announced criminal charges against over two dozen defendants for their alleged involvement in or support to the production and proliferation of illicit fentanyl worldwide. This law enforcement action is the result of extraordinary work by the Department of Justice, including the Drug Enforcement Administration, to dismantle a global network of individuals engaged in the illicit fentanyl drug trade. This is one of the most significant grouping of fentanyl-focused criminal charges ever brought.
Additionally, the Department of the Treasury announced complementary sanctions against two companies and five individuals linked to the global proliferation of precursor chemicals for the synthesis of illicit fentanyl. The Department of State also announced the submission of over two dozen individuals to its Narcotics Rewards Program, which offers rewards for information leading to the arrest or conviction of narcotics traffickers operating primarily outside the U.S. in major violation of our narcotics laws.
These actions represent yet another step in our efforts to counter fentanyl trafficking worldwide and work with Mexico and other key partners to combat the devastating threat this activity poses. We remain steadfast in our belief that the global illicit drug trade is a threat to our public health and safety, national security, and economy. We also remain steadfast in our commitment to hold accountable those supporting this deadly enterprise. We commend the Department of Justice, the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Department of the Treasury, and the Department of State for their unrelenting pursuit of justice and accountability and their unwavering commitment to keeping Americans safe.
### |
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区
2020年3月2日
迈克尔·R·蓬佩奥国务卿的声明
对指定的中国国有新闻媒体机构驻美人数设立上限
多年来，中华人民共和国政府对派驻中国的美国记者及其他外国记者进行日益严厉的监视、骚扰和恐吓。
特朗普总统明确表示，北京对外国记者的限制是错误的。美国政府长期以来一直欢迎包括中国记者在内的外国记者，并确保他们能够在不受报复威胁的情况下自由地开展工作。
今天，美国政府对由中国政府控制的某些国有新闻媒体机构——即美国国务院在2020年2月18日指定为中华人民共和国驻外使团的五个实体——派驻美国的人员数目设置上限，规定了任何特定时间在美国为这些实体工作的中国公民的许可人数。
此项限制适用于在美国运营并被指定为外国使团的五个中国国有新闻媒体机构，这一定性的原因是这些实体受到中国政府的有效控制。与在中国的外国新闻媒体机构不同，这些实体不是独立的新闻机构。
实施此项人员限制的决定不是基于这些实体制作的任何内容，而且并不对被指定实体可以在美国发布的内容施加任何限制。
我们的目标是对等。正如我们在美中关系其他领域中所做的那样，我们寻求建立一个早就应该存在的公平竞争环境。我们希望这一行动将促使北京对在中国的美国新闻机构和其他外国新闻机构采取更加公平和对等的态度。
我们敦促中国政府立即履行其尊重言论自由的国际承诺，包括尊重新闻工作者。 | U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Office of the Spokesperson
For Immediate Release
STATEMENT BY SECRETARY MICHAEL R. POMPEO
March 2, 2020
Institution of a Personnel Cap on Designated PRC State Media Entities
For years, the government of the People’s Republic of China has imposed increasingly harsh surveillance, harassment, and intimidation against American and other foreign journalists operating in China.
President Trump has made clear that Beijing’s restrictions on foreign journalists are misguided. The U.S. government has long welcomed foreign journalists, including PRC journalists, to work freely and without threat of reprisal.
The U.S. government is today instituting a personnel cap on certain PRC-controlled state media entities in the United States – specifically, the five entities that were designated by the U.S. State Department on February 18, 2020, as foreign missions of the People’s Republic of China. This cap limits the number of Chinese citizens permitted to work for these organizations in the United States at any given time.
The cap applies to the five Chinese state media entities operating in the United States that have been designated as foreign missions, which recognizes that they are effectively controlled by the PRC government. Unlike foreign media organizations in China, these entities are not independent news organizations.
The decision to implement this personnel cap is not based on any content produced by these entities, nor does it place any restrictions on what the designated entities may publish in the United States.
Our goal is reciprocity. As we have done in other areas of the U.S.-China relationship, we seek to establish a long-overdue level playing field. It is our hope that this action will spur Beijing to adopt a more fair and reciprocal approach to U.S. and other foreign press in China.
We urge the Chinese government to immediately uphold its international commitments to respect freedom of expression, including for members of the press. |
2023年4月11日美国东部夏令时 下午05:45
安东尼·J·布林肯国务卿
今天，我将任命马修·米勒为下一任国务院发言人。当马特被选为我的提名人时，他的智慧、他在政府内的经验和他对外交政策的深入了解使我获益良多。在俄罗斯进一步入侵乌克兰的最初几个月，马特再次挺身而出。当时，他加入国家安全委员会担任临时职务，领导我们整个政府的沟通和外联工作，这是我们对乌克兰主权和防务的支持的一部分。马特曾担任司法部公共事务办公室主任和司法部部长埃里克·霍尔德的发言人。在应对如我们今天面对的复杂和全球性挑战方面，马特熟悉如何驾驭和沟通。
我还想感谢韦丹·帕特尔，他不仅主动担任代理发言人，还继续首席副发言人的工作。
马特与韦丹以及发言人办公室的所有人员将把国务院对可及性和透明度的承诺继续下去。我感谢马特再次同意为国家效力，并期待着再次获益于他的建议和专长。 | 04/11/2023 05:45 PM EDT
Antony J. Blinken, Secretary of State
Today, I am appointing Matthew Miller as the next State Department Spokesperson. I benefitted greatly from Matt’s wisdom, his experience in government, and his deep understanding of foreign policy when he was tapped to head up my nomination. Matt stepped up once again in the early months of Russia’s further invasion of Ukraine when he took leave to join the National Security Council to lead our whole of government communications and outreach as part of our support for Ukraine’s sovereignty and defense. Having previously served as Director of the Office of Public Affairs and spokesperson to Attorney General Eric Holder at the Department of Justice, Matt is no stranger to navigating and communicating on complex, global challenges like those we face today.
I also want to thank Vedant Patel, not only for stepping up as Acting Spokesperson, but for his continued work as Principal Deputy Spokesperson.
Matt, along with Vedant and rest of the Office of the Spokesperson, will continue the Department’s commitment to access and transparency. I am grateful to Matt for once again agreeing to serve his country and look forward to once again benefitting from his counsel and expertise. |
正式书面比赛规则——有机会聆听珍·古道尔在美国大使馆的演讲并亲眼见到她
竞赛目标描述：
这场社交媒体竞赛将邀请两名网友到北京的美国大使馆北京美国中心参加珍·古道尔(Jane Goodall)的演讲，包括有机会亲眼见到她。两名竞赛获胜者均可以各自带一位客人来。请注意，美国大使馆将不承担从获胜者居住地到北京的住宿和交通费用。
平台
本活动通过新浪微博举行。新浪微博不是本竞赛行政管理工作的合作伙伴。提醒参赛者注意，参赛并将内容上传到新浪微博就意味着他们需遵循新浪微博以及其中包括的与新浪微博的任何协议。
如何参赛
参赛者必须使用两个标签 #大家一起来环保# #与珍·古道尔会面# 发布自己的原创微博帖子，并在11月10日（北京时间）晚上11:59（北京时间）之前在微博上标记@至少一个朋友，才有资格参加比赛。 在帖子中，他们还必须分享为什么认为保护环境重要，他们个人为保护环境所做的事情或激发他们在日常生活中保护环境的原因。
参加竞赛即被视为接受正式参赛规则。
活动竞赛2019年11月6日开始。参赛者可于11月6日上午11:00至11月11日晚上11:59参加。获奖者将由美国驻华使馆在11月13日之前决定。
内容要求
参赛资格
获胜者的选拔
将从发布原创帖子参加活动的人当中选出2位获胜者，每位获胜者可以携带1位同伴。获胜者将通过微博私信或电子邮件得到通知。若竞赛主办方无法与可能的获胜者取得联系，其获胜资格会被取消，并且可从剩下全部有资格的答案提交者中选出替补获胜者。
该活动将在北京美国中心举行。美国大使馆不负责获奖者来往于北京和其实际居所之间的交通及食宿费用。
奖品
责任和权利
[1] 在整个竞赛规则中，“主办方”一词根据适当情况用来代表“单个”或“多个”主办方。 | Official Written Contest Rules – Opportunity to hear Jane Goodall Speak at U.S. Embassy and meet her in person
Description of the Contest
This social media contest will invite 2 netizens to attend a lecture by Jane Goodall at the U.S. Embassy Beijing America Center in Beijing, including the opportunity to meet Jane Goodall in person. Each of the two contest winners may bring one guest. Please note, the U.S. Embassy will not cover accommodation and transportation costs from the place where the winner lives to Beijing. The contest winners will be selected by Public Affairs Section, U.S. Embassy Beijing. (See the “Eligibility” section below to find out who is eligible to be a contestant.)
Platform(s)
This contest is administered through Sina Weibo. Sina Weibo is not a partner in the administration of the contest. Contestants are reminded that by participating in the contest and uploading content to Sina Weibo, they are bound by Sina Weibo’s Terms of Service and any agreements with Sina Weibo contained therein.
How to Enter
Participants must post their own Weibo post by using two hashtags #大家一起来环保# #与珍·古道尔会面# and tag at least one friend on Weibo before 11:59 pm, November 10 (Beijing time) to be eligible to enter the contest. In the post they must also share why they think it is important to protect the environment, what they have done as an individual to protect the environment, or what inspires them to protect the environment in their daily life.
Participation in this contest is deemed as acceptance of these Official Contest Rules.
The contest commences on November 6, 2019. Posts may be submitted from 11:00 am, November 6 to 11:59 pm, November 11. The winners will be selected by U.S. Embassy Beijing before November 13, 2019.
Content Requirements
Eligibility
Selection of Winners
Two winners will be chosen from those who post original posts. Each winner can bring one companion. Winners will be contacted via private message or email message. The inability of Contest Sponsors to contact a potential winner may result in disqualification and/or selection of an alternate winner from among all remaining eligible submissions.
The event will take place at the U.S. Embassy Beijing America Center in Beijing. The U.S. Embassy will not cover accommodation and transportation costs from the place where the winner lives to Beijing.
Prize(s)
Liability and Rights |
美国国务院
发言人办公室
2023年6月27日
我根据拜登总统的委托，授权第41次调拨国防部储备，为乌克兰提供美国武器和装备，价值5亿美元。这批安全援助将支持乌克兰正在进行的反攻行动，这些装备是根据乌克兰今天在战场上的需要而直接提供的。这一轮援助包括布拉德利（Bradley）和斯特莱克（Stryker ）战车，供防空系统、火炮和多管火箭系统使用的更多弹药，反坦克武器，反辐射导弹，精准空中弹药以及其他必不可少的资源，以加强乌克兰军队的战场生存能力，帮助他们夺回乌克兰的主权领土，并保卫他们的同胞。
乌克兰人民持久的勇气和团结精神继续激励着全世界。俄罗斯对乌克兰发动了这场无端战争。俄罗斯随时可以通过从乌克兰撤军并停止对乌克兰城市和人民的残酷攻击来结束这场战争。在俄罗斯这样做之前，美国和我们的盟友及伙伴将与乌克兰团结在一起，无论需要多长时间。
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.state.gov/additional-u-s-security-assistance-for-ukraine-7/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。 | PRESS STATEMENT
ANTONY J. BLINKEN, SECRETARY OF STATE
JUNE 27, 2023
Pursuant to a delegation of authority from President Biden, I am authorizing our 41st drawdown for Ukraine, which will provide $500 million worth of U.S. arms and equipment from Department of Defense stocks. This security assistance package will support Ukraine’s ongoing counteroffensive operations with equipment directly tailored for Ukraine’s needs on the battlefield today. This round of assistance includes Bradley and Stryker vehicles, additional munitions for air defense systems, artillery, and multiple launch rocket systems, anti-tank weapons, anti-radiation missiles, precision aerial munitions, and other essential resources to bolster Ukraine’s forces battlefield survivability, help them retake Ukraine’s sovereign territory, and defend their fellow citizens.
The enduring courage and solidarity of the people of Ukraine continues to inspire the world. Russia started this unprovoked war against Ukraine. Russia could end it at any time by withdrawing its forces from Ukraine and stopping its brutal attacks against Ukraine’s cities and people. Until Russia does so, the United States and our allies and partners will stand united with Ukraine, for as long as it takes. |
新闻稿
国务卿 迈克尔·R·蓬佩奥
2020年6月4日
特朗普政府致力于确保所有美国公司和投资人都能在与世界其他地方同样的竞争环境中营运。作为这项持续努力的一部分，我赞赏纳斯达克要求审计公司确保所有上市公司都符合国际报告和查核标准。
由于总部在中国的公司有虚报会计资料的行为模式，纳斯达克的宣布变得尤其重要。为了保护美国投资人和美国国家安全，特朗普总统已禁止美国联邦雇员退休基金投资于中国的公司。总统也指示总统金融市场工作小组研究在美国金融市场上市的中国公司的差异做法。
美国投资人不应受到与不遵守和美国公司相同规则的公司相关的隐藏、不必要的风险。纳斯达克的行动应当是美国和世界各地其他交易所的榜样。 | PRESS STATEMENT
MICHAEL R. POMPEO, SECRETARY OF STATE
JUNE 4, 2020
The Trump Administration is committed to ensuring that all American businesses and investors can operate on a level playing field with the rest of the world. As part of this ongoing effort, I applaud Nasdaq for requiring auditing firms to ensure all listed companies comply with international reporting and inspection standards.
Nasdaq’s announcement is particularly important given a pattern of fraudulent accounting practices in China-based companies. To protect American investors and U.S. national security, President Trump moved to stop the investment of U.S. federal employee retirement funds into Chinese companies. The President also instructed the Presidential Working Group on Financial Markets to study the differing practices of Chinese companies listed on the U.S. financial markets.
American investors should not be subjected to hidden and undue risks associated with companies that do not abide by the same rules as U.S. firms. Nasdaq’s action should serve as a model for other exchanges in the United States, and around the world. |
新闻通告
发言人办公室
2020年9月25日
来自美国、澳大利亚、印度和日本的高级官员于2020年9月25日召开视频会议，就促进自由、开放和包容的印度-太平洋地区所需的共同努力进行了磋商。与会的四个民主政体讨论了如何共同努力来应对COVID-19大流行、提高透明度并抵制虚假信息，同时保护该地区长期以来享有的基于规则的秩序。
与会官员们注意到数字互联和安全网络的重要性，进而讨论了如何促进使用受信任的供应商，特别是在第五代（5G）网络方面。 官员们探索了如何在国际最佳做法（如G20高质量基础设施投资原则等）的基础上在反恐、海上安全、网络安全、区域互联，以及高质量基础设施方面加强协调。与会者还强调了需要在关键矿物、医疗物资和药品等行业改善供应链。
官员们重申了他们的国家对东盟的中心地位以及东盟主导的区域架构的强有力支持。他们探索了如何在湄公河次区域、南中国海，以及整个印度-太平洋地区开展合作，从而共同支持国际法、多元主义、地区稳定和疫情大流行后的恢复工作。
四国承诺继续定期磋商，包括高级别官员和部长级磋商。 | MEDIA NOTE
OFFICE OF THE SPOKESPERSON
SEPTEMBER 25, 2020
Senior officials from the United States, Australia, India, and Japan met virtually on September 25, 2020, for consultations on collective efforts to advance a free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific region.
The four democracies discussed ways to work together to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, promote transparency and counter disinformation, and protect the rules-based order the region has long enjoyed.
Noting the importance of digital connectivity and secure networks, the officials discussed ways to promote the use of trusted vendors, particularly for fifth generation (5G) networks. They explored ways to enhance coordination on counterterrorism, maritime security, cyber security, and regional connectivity, as well as quality infrastructure based upon international best practices, such as the G20 Principles for Quality Infrastructure Investment. Participants also highlighted the need to improve supply chains in sectors including critical minerals, medical supplies, and pharmaceuticals.
The officials reaffirmed their countries’ strong support for ASEAN centrality and ASEAN-led regional architecture. They explored ways to work together in the Mekong sub-region, in the South China Sea, and across the Indo-Pacific to support international law, pluralism, regional stability, and post-pandemic recovery efforts.
The four countries committed to continuing regular consultations, including at the senior officials’ and Ministerial levels. |
如果您提交了回美证件申请（美国移民局 I-131 表格），并且要求将您的回美证发送至美国驻广州总领事馆或美国移民局广州办事处，那么您可以在以下的PDF文件中查询您回美证是否已到达广州办事处。
（请注意，一般来说，回美证到该办公室的邮寄时间通常需要至少四到八周）。
USCIS 再入境许可样本
此列表最后更新日期：2023年9月1日 星期五
点击查看USCIS收到的回美证最新名单
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(Please note that historically, it normally takes at least four to eight weeks from the time your reentry permit is mailed for this office to receive it).
Sample of USCIS Re-entry Permit
This list was last updated on: Friday, September 1st, 2023
• Click for the latest list of Re-Entry Permits Received by DHS-USCIS
If your re-entry permit is listed, please send the appointment request with your local contact number to our office at [email protected] for the relevant services. |
自1970年以来，全体美国民众历来通过纪念地球日（Earth Day）的机会共同赞美我国和全世界雄伟壮观的大自然。美国受到的恩惠使我们拥有大量令人赞叹的奇景和资源，为我国各地千百万人提供休闲和维持生计的条件。在地球日50周年到来之际，我们向我国环境管理和保护的长期历史致敬。我们重申我们决心为全体美国民众的利益和享有的福祉保护我们的自然宝藏。
我们继承吉福德·平肖（Gifford Pinchot）和西奥多·罗斯福（Theodore Roosevelt）总统等环保先驱的深厚传统，认识到负责任地管理我们的土地和水域对于保护我们国家的遗产具有重大意义。我的政府将一如既往忠于职守，保证我国继续引领全球的环境管理事务。我们正孜孜不倦地努力清除我们海洋中的垃圾，加速清理超级基金（Superfund）涉及的受污染地区，并通过我们的棕色地块（Brownfields）项目恢复社区活力。此外，今年早些时候，我已很自豪地宣布，美国将加入1月发起的万亿棵树行动计划（Trillion Trees Initiative）。
我还高兴地宣布，美国继续在清洁空气方面引领世界，包括减少与能源有关的二氧化碳排放。过去15年来二氧化碳的排放已经大幅下降。此外，我们继续在获得清洁饮用水方面引领世界，为全体美国民众的健康和福祉做出贡献。我们看到近年来为恢复和保护我们的环境进行努力的结果，见证了美国继续保护我国土地、空气、水域和野生生物的决心，同时也鼓励负责任地使用我们的自然资源，扩大全体美国民众的休闲机会。
今天，梅拉尼娅（Melania）和我与美国人民一起庆祝美国获得的大量恩惠和资源。我们保证继续尽自己的力量，确保现在和今后世世代代的美国民众能够享受我们美丽的国度内大自然辉煌灿烂的景象。 | Since 1970, Earth Day has provided an opportunity for all Americans to come together to celebrate the majestic natural beauty of our Nation and the world. The United States is blessed with breathtaking and plentiful natural wonders and resources, providing recreation and sustenance to millions throughout our country. On the 50th anniversary of Earth Day, we pay tribute to our Nation’s long history of environmental stewardship and conservation, and we reaffirm our commitment to protecting our natural treasures for the benefit and enjoyment of all Americans. Following in the rich tradition of environmental leaders like Gifford Pinchot and President Theodore Roosevelt, we recognize that responsible management of our lands and waters is central to preserving our national heritage. My Administration remains dedicated to ensuring that our Nation remains a global leader in environmental stewardship. We are working hard to remove trash from our oceans, accelerate cleanups at Superfund sites, and revitalize communities through our Brownfields program. Additionally, I was proud to announce earlier this year that the United States will be joining the Trillion Trees Initiative launched in January. I am also pleased to report that the United States continues to be a world leader in clean air, including in reductions in energy-related carbon dioxide emissions, which have significantly declined in the last 15 years. Additionally, we continue to lead the world in access to clean drinking water, contributing to the health and well-being of all Americans. The results we have seen in recent years in restoring and protecting our environment are a testament to America’s commitment to continue preserving our Nation’s lands, air, waters, and wildlife, while also encouraging responsible use of our natural resources and expanding recreational opportunities for all Americans. Today, Melania and I join the American people in celebrating the abundant blessings and resources that have been bestowed on the United States. We pledge to continue doing our part to ensure that Americans are able to enjoy the natural splendor of our beautiful Nation now and for generations to come. |
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2020年4月7日
国务卿迈克尔·蓬佩奥（Michael R. Pompeo）对新闻界发表讲话
新闻简报室（Press Briefing Room）
国务卿蓬佩奥：….
* * * *
目前这些日子最受到关注的问题是冠状病毒。我想谈谈国务院每星期7天，每天24小时不间断地在世界范围内努力从全球各地撤回美国公民的一些详细情况。这是美国有史以来最杰出的外交使命之一。截至今天上午，我们的团队冒着极大的个人危险已安排460多个航班，从世界各地75个国家撤回了45,000多名公民。
我的办公桌上几乎每一天都会收到一些难以置信的消息，报告我们的团队坚持不懈地快速将我方人员撤回国内的情况，情节可与好莱坞（Hollywood）大片相媲美，的确令人感到振奋。我会给大家介绍一两个事例。
在尼泊尔，美国一些旅游者发现他们被困在喜马拉雅山（Mount Everest）和其他偏远地区。我国使馆获得该国政府的特别许可，安排15座的商用飞机在危险的山区往返飞行。使馆人员安排大客车行驶数百英里接美国公民到加德满都（Kathmandu）上飞机，最后返回美国。我们甚至帮助一名药品快用完的妇女到药房配药，然后随第一批两个航班的近600名美国公民和居民一起撤走。
* * * *
我希望美国人民更好地了解每一次撤侨行动险情迭出的后勤协调工作和有关细节。的确，这不仅是因为我们跨时区工作团队的杰出表现，也关系到与国土安全部（Department of Homeland Security）、美国军队的合作，以及与我们外国伙伴的各级人员申请运输授权的工作，以及航空公司和医疗团队前往需要的地方接有关人员回国所作的一切努力。
为了接他们回国，我们的团队随时印发紧急护照。我们联系旅馆，为美国公民安排住宿，确保他们临近机场，等待飞机到来。我们还为机组人员做了安排。我们为美国人提供了安全通行的信件。诸事繁多，不及备载。这的确是美国政府代表美国人民做所的一件大好事。
我希望诸位都认识到，在这场全球疫情爆发之际，美国仍然是引领全世界光芒万丈的人道主义善举的国家。
目前，鉴于我国十分缺乏个人防护用品，我们的重点是保障美国关键的医疗物资，直至这里的需要得到满足为止。但是此时此刻美国仍继续为我们全球各地的伙伴提供高质量、透明和有意义的援助。
我们这样做是因为我们心地善良，乐于助人。我们这样做还因为病毒不受边界限制。我们帮助海外的朋友，也可以保障我们在国内的安全。
今天，我可以确认，我们准备追加2.25亿美元的卫生、人道主义和经济援助，进一步促进全世界的抗疫努力。这笔款项在我们已经为全球各地64个国家提供的大约2.74亿美元援款之外。没有任何国家可以与这个水平的慷慨援助相比拟。
我今天宣布的新资金将用于通过病毒诊断、预防和控制减少传播；加强医疗系统；准备实验室；培训医务人员；提高认识，以及许许多多方面。
我们为帮助这些其他国家从而使我们这里更安全所做的努力已经见效。我们将抗击病毒的公共服务通告翻译成将近50种语言。我们帮助危地马拉建立了该国第一所治疗冠状病毒病患者的主要医院。我们正在为学校关闭了的柬埔寨儿童在网上上课提供支持。
* * * *
就那个话题，再提一点。好消息。我想请各位注意埃博拉（Ebola）病毒。
迄今将近两年，美国率领国际社会在刚果民主共和国抗击上次爆发的那个可怕疾病。在疫情爆发后的一个月之内，美国派出了灾害救援队（Disaster Assistance Response Team）和其他专家，为疫苗接种、诊断程序、检测和追踪以及其他许多工作提供支持。自从埃博拉疫情开始以来，我们为在刚果民主共和国和周边国家抗击埃博拉提供了超过5.69亿美元。
由于我们的努力，我今天高兴地宣布，刚果民主共和国可望在4月12日宣布疫情正式结束。那时将是最后一个人经两次测试结果呈阴性并从埃博拉治疗中心出院后42天，也就是在埃博拉的整整两个潜伏期过后。美国的援助，美国人民的善良，使这个胜利成为可能。它对我们继续同冠状病毒病搏斗是一个鼓舞。
* * * *
问：先生，你是为了给同中国的言辞降温而停止使用武汉病毒这个词吗，尽管美国情报报告说他们的假信息正在增多？… .
国务卿蓬佩奥：… .
* * * *
你的第一个问题是关于我们正在看到的假信息。我们知道这是一场全球大流行疫情，是一个需要所有国家共同努力解决问题的时候。要做到这点，就必须坦诚和透明。每个国家都有这个责任。我们每天在尽我们的最大努力这样做，提供我们所知道的真实数据，我们学到的东西。我们通过正式公开渠道这样做。总统和团队，特别工作队，每天都出来用个把个小时，以我们掌握的最佳信息，向美国人民说明正在发生的情况。我们在私下这样做；我们在我们的讨论中这样做。我整个上午都在与哈萨克斯坦和埃及的同僚交流我们正在掌握的情况，我们的最佳做法。卫生与公众服务部（HHS）也在这样做。疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）也在这样做。
但是我们有一个期待。这个期待是，每个国家也将这样做，每个国家，无论是民主国家与否，都必须以透明、公开、有效率的方式分享这种信息。我们——仍然有许多东西我们不知道。只有当所有各方都能得到成套数据——全球成套数据——的时候，我们才能知道那些。它必须精确，必须及时，不能是勉强不情愿的。我们需要让国际社会各方的科学家——国家不重要，最优秀的科学家居首位——观察这些数据，研究这些数据，一道合作。如果一些国家以不符合这个中心理念的方式行事，就无法做到这点。
合作理念不仅仅是说“是啊，没问题，我们将合得来，我们很高兴与你合得来”。合作理念的含义要多得多，要充实得多。它需要透明、及时和开放。我们有期待，我们在向所有国家说明这个期待。
问：你对于领导人利用冠状病毒在他们的国家削弱民主有多么关切？有匈牙利这个具体实例，国务院已经做出了评论。你在其他地方看到这种情况了吗，美国政府可以使用或考虑使用哪些方式来防止这种民主倒退？
国务卿蓬佩奥：瑞奇（Rich），我——我们谈到过那种具体情况。我们希望那不在任何地方发生，而且我们将会——利用我们在外交方面拥有的正常的方式方法来在我们看到发生那种情况的地方予以应对。会有恶劣的行为者妄图利用这场病毒疫情来达到邪恶目的。我们已经看到了那种情况。我们已经看到了有关伎俩，以及你所描述的，当它具有政治性的时候。
但有一种想法是存在的，我认为应当指出。我听到人们这样说，独裁政权真能很好地应对危机啊。我必须告诉你们，他们完全搞错了。很好地应对危机的是民主国家。他们捍卫自主；他们捍卫自由。而独裁政权面对危机会怎么做？他们变得更加嚣张，他们剥夺人们的权利，他们会说更多的谎言——是的——他们都会做——独裁国家所有的消极的方面在危机时刻都会进一步恶化。尽管他们可能在某些情况下以一种特定方式解决一个特定问题，表面看似解决了摆在他们面前的危机，但最终他们会给本国人民造成巨大的伤害，并且将全世界其他地区置于风险之中。
民主国家所做的正是你们看到的美国所做的。我今天已经谈到这一点：他们把同胞接回家，他们变得非常慷慨，他们分享他们的资源，他们帮助整个世界抗击这场全球流行的疫情。你们已经看到总统和他的特别工作组谈到我们正在疗法方面所进行的所有卓越工作，美国为提供一种疫苗而进行的所有卓越工作。而且我们正在同我们在全世界的民主伙伴共同努力，帮助做到这些。
民主才是危机时刻的解决方式，而不是向一种独裁的方向发展。这与我认为你所描述的在那里看到的情况恰恰相反。我希望全世界每一位领导人都将看到在艰难时刻，你们真正想要的是你们要让一国人民知道他们的根本权利将会得到尊重，他们的自由将得到保留，那些民主价值观将得到遵守。你们这样做的时候，就会有一个自由媒体，以及一个自由、活跃的学术界。你们将得到最终会以一种有益于领导人所代表的国家并且有益于整个世界的方式解决这些危机的所有一切。
* * * * | Secretary Michael R. Pompeo Remarks to the Press
04/07/2020 02:34 PM EDT
Michael R. Pompeo, Secretary of State
Washington, D.C.
Press Briefing Room
SECRETARY POMPEO:
Now to the topic of greatest concern these days, the coronavirus. I’d like to speak in some detail about the State Department’s 24/7, worldwide efforts to repatriate American citizens from around the globe. It’s one of the most remarkable diplomatic missions in American history. As of this morning, our team – working at great personal risk – has repatriated more than 45,000 citizens from across the world – 460-plus flights, 75 countries.
Nearly every day, incredible stories of our teams’ speed and tenacity getting our people home hit my desk. These stories could be pulled from a Hollywood script, they’re remarkable. I’ll share just a couple with you.
In Nepal, American tourists found themselves stranded near Mount Everest and other remote areas. Our embassy obtained special permits from the government for 15-passenger commercial planes to fly in and out of that dangerous mountain terrain. Embassy staff arranged buses to travel hundreds of miles to reach U.S. citizens and bring them back to Kathmandu to board flights that ultimately came back here to the United States. We even helped one woman who was running low on medication reach a pharmacy, and evacuated her out of the first two flights that carried nearly 600 U.S. citizens and residents.
…
I want the American people to have a better sense of the staggering logistical coordination and detail that goes into every one of these repatriation operations. They’re truly the good work of not only our team that works across time zones, but works with the Department of Homeland Security, the United States Military, and our foreign partners at every level to get transport authorities and airline companies and medical teams all to where they need to be to get these people home.
Our teams are printing emergency passports to get these folks back. We call hotels to find spaces for U.S. citizens to sleep to make sure they’re near the airport for the moment that the plane will arrive, and we make arrangements for flight crews. And we provide Americans with letters for safe passage. The list goes on and on. It’s truly a great piece of work by the United States Government on behalf of the American people.
I want everyone to be reminded that America remains the world’s leading light of humanitarian goodness as well amidst this global pandemic.
Right now, given the great need for PPE in our own country, our focus will be on keeping critical medical items in the United States until demand is met here. But the United States continues, even as we speak, to provide high-quality, transparent, and meaningful assistance to our partners all across the globe.
We do this because we’re good and generous people. We also do it because viruses don’t respect borders. When we help our friends abroad, it keeps us safe back here in the homeland as well.
Today I can confirm that we are prepared to commit an additional $225 million in health, humanitarian, and economic assistance to further boost response efforts worldwide. That’s on top of the roughly $274 million in funding we’ve already deployed to 64 countries across the globe. No country can match this level of generosity.
The new funding that I announced today will be used to reduce transmission through virus diagnosis, prevention and control; to bolster health systems; to prepare labs; to train healthcare workers; to increase awareness; and much, much more.
Our efforts to help these other countries to keep us safer here have already had an impact. We’ve translated PSAs on fighting the virus into almost 50 languages. We helped Guatemala set up its main hospital for COVID patients. We’re supporting online learning for kids in Cambodia whose schools are closed.
…
And on that theme, one more note. Good news. I’d like to draw your attention to the Ebola virus.
For almost two years now, the United States has led the global response to the latest outbreak of that horrible disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Within one month from the outbreak, America deployed a Disaster Assistance Response Team and other experts who supported vaccination campaigns, diagnostic processes, testing and tracing, and more. We’ve provided more than $569 million since the outbreak began to fight Ebola in the DRC and the neighboring countries.
Thanks to our efforts, I’m pleased to announce today that on April 12th the DRC is expected to declare this outbreak is officially over. It will be 42 days – two full incubation periods for the disease – since the last person tested negative twice and was released from an Ebola treatment center. American assistance, the goodness of the American people, helped make this victory possible. It’s an inspiration for our continued efforts to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.
QUESTION: Sir, have you stopped using the phrase Wuhan virus to lower the temperature of the rhetoric with China, even as U.S. intelligence reports their disinformation is rising?
SECRETARY POMPEO:
Your first question was about disinformation that we’re seeing. We know that this is a global pandemic, and this is the time for every country to work together to resolve that. To do that, you have to be honest and transparent. Every country has that obligation. We do our best to do that every day, to deliver the real data about the things we know, the things we learn. We do it in formal public channels. There’s a couple hours every day where the President and the team, the task force team, come out and talk to the American people about what’s going on with the best information that we have available. We do that privately; we do that in our discussions. I was on the phone all morning with counterparts from Kazakhstan and from Egypt to share with them the things we’re learning, the best practices we have. HHS is doing the same thing. CDC is doing the same thing.
But we have an expectation. That expectation is that every country will do that the same way, and every nation, be they a democracy or not, has to share this information in a transparent, open, efficient way. We – there are still lots of things we don’t know. We can only know them when the data set – the global data set – is available to every party. It has to be accurate, it has to be timely, it can’t be grudging. We need to let scientists from all across the global community – nation immaterial, best scientist wins – stare at this data, work on this data, and collaborate together. And you can’t do that if nations choose to behave in ways that are inconsistent with that central idea.
The idea of cooperation is more than just saying, “Yeah, sure, we’ll get along, we’re happy to get along with you.” The idea of cooperation entails so much more. It’s so much more substantive than that. It needs to be transparent and timely and open. We have an expectation and we’re communicating that expectation to every country.
QUESTION: How concerned are you about leaders using coronavirus to weaken democracies in their countries? There is this specific example of Hungary, which the State Department has commented on. Are you seeing that elsewhere, and what tools does the U.S. Government have at its disposal or would consider using to prevent that democratic backsliding?
SECRETARY POMPEO: So, Rich, I – we talked about that particular situation. We hope that doesn’t happen anywhere, and we’ll do the thing that – the normal toolkit that we have in diplomacy to respond where we see that taking place. There will be bad actors try to use this outbreak of virus for nefarious ends. We’ve seen that. We’ve seen it in tactical ways, as well as you describe, when it’s political.
But there is a thought that’s there that I think is important. I hear people saying that, boy, autocracies sure respond to crises well. I have to tell you they got the wrong end of the stick. It’s democracies that respond to crises well. They protect liberty; they protect freedom. What do autocracies do in the face of crisis? They become more aggressive, they deny people their rights, they lie more – right – they do all – all the things that are the negative aspects of autocratic nations are exacerbated in times of crisis. And while they may in some instance solve a particular problem in a particular way that facially resolves the crisis that’s in front of them, in the end they do enormous harm to the people of their own nation and put the rest of the world at risk as well.
What democracies do is what you see the United States doing. I talked about it today. They get their people home, they become very generous, they share their resources, they help the entire world fight the global pandemic. You’ve seen the President and his task force talk about all the remarkable work we’re doing on therapeutics, all the remarkable work that the United States is doing towards delivering a vaccine. And we’re working with our democratic partners around the world to help deliver that.
No, democracy is the answer in times of crisis, not moving in an autocratic direction. It’s just the reverse of what I think you described having seen there. I hope every leader around the world will see that when times are tough, what you really want is you want peoples of a nation to understand that their fundamental rights are going to be respected, that their liberty will be preserved, that those democratic values will be adhered to. And when you do that, you get a free press, you get a free, active academia. You get all the things that ultimately resolve these crises in a way that’s good for the nation that the leaders represent and good for the world as well. |
会后汇报
发言人办公室
2022年10月30日
以下内容来自发言人内德·普赖斯：
今天，安东尼·J·布林肯国务卿与中华人民共和国国务委员兼外长王毅进行了通话。
国务卿讨论了保持开放的沟通渠道以及负责任地管理美国与中华人民共和国之间关系的需要。国务卿谈了俄罗斯对乌克兰发动的战争及其对全球安全和经济稳定构成的威胁。国务卿还谈到海地不断恶化的人道主义和安全局势，以及继续开展协调行动，为海地人民提供支持的需要。 | READOUT
OFFICE OF THE SPOKESPERSON
OCTOBER 30, 2022
The following is attributable to Spokesperson Ned Price:
Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken spoke today with PRC State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi.
The Secretary discussed the need to maintain open lines of communication and responsibly manage the U.S.-PRC relationship. The Secretary raised Russia’s war against Ukraine and the threats it poses to global security and economic stability. The Secretary also noted the deteriorating humanitarian and security situation in Haiti and the need for continued coordinated action in support of the Haitian people. |
03.08.2022
加拿大、法国、德国、意大利、日本、英国、美国七国集团外长，以及欧洲联盟高级代表重申我们共同的承诺：致力于维护基于规则的国际秩序、台湾海峡两岸和其他地区的和平与稳定。
我们关切注意到中华人民共和国近期所采取和宣布的锋芒逼人的举措，尤其是实弹演习和经济胁迫。这些举措或将导致不必要的（事态）升级。没有任何正当理由以访问为借口在台湾海峡开展侵略性的军事行动。我们的议员出国访问是完全正常、例行的行为。中华人民共和国所采取的过激反应带来了加剧紧张局势和破坏地区稳定的风险。
我们呼吁中华人民共和国不要单方面以武力改变地区现状，以和平的方式解决海峡两岸分歧。七国集团成员各自的一个中国政策（如适用）和对台湾的基本立场并没有改变。
我们重申我们对维护台湾海峡和平稳定的共同和坚如磐石的承诺，鼓励各方保持冷静，保持克制，以透明方式行动以及保持沟通渠道畅通，以免误解、误读、误判。 | G7 Foreign Ministers’ Statement on Preserving Peace and Stability Across the Taiwan Strait
MEDIA NOTE
OFFICE OF THE SPOKESPERSON
AUGUST 3, 2022
The text of the following statement was released by the G7 foreign ministers of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, and the High Representative of the European Union.
Begin Text:
We, the G7 Foreign Ministers of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and the High Representative of the European Union, reaffirm our shared commitment to maintaining the rules-based international order, peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait and beyond.
We are concerned by recent and announced threatening actions by the People’s Republic of China (PRC), particularly live-fire exercises and economic coercion, which risk unnecessary escalation. There is no justification to use a visit as pretext for aggressive military activity in the Taiwan Strait. It is normal and routine for legislators from our countries to travel internationally. The PRC’s escalatory response risks increasing tensions and destabilizing the region.
We call on the PRC not to unilaterally change the status quo by force in the region, and to resolve cross-Strait differences by peaceful means. There is no change in the respective one China policies, where applicable, and basic positions on Taiwan of the G7 members.
We reiterate our shared and steadfast commitment to maintaining peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait and encourage all parties to remain calm, exercise restraint, act with transparency, and maintain open lines of communication to prevent misunderstanding.
End Text |
2020年12月18日 美国东部标准时间 下午 02:37
迈克尔·R·蓬佩奥国务卿
自中国最先在武汉发现一位病人染上一种现被称为COVID-19的未知肺炎已有一年的时间。自那时起，美国和其他自由国家，如德国和英国，领导了一项了不起并且史无前例的疫苗研发努力，这项努力正在为世界各地带来希望。
这并非偶然。一次又一次，重视透明度、法治、财产权和自由市场资本主义的民主政体为公共卫生危机带来了创新的解决方案。自由释放人的潜能，竞争以更低的成本带动更好的结果。
相比之下，威权政权控制信息并扼杀创新。有勇敢的中国科学家、医生和新闻工作者尝试提醒世界这种传播中的病毒带来的危险，而中国共产党惩罚了他们，致使一次可控的疫情变成一场全球大流行病。
即使在今天，世界首次得知这场疫情爆发近一年之后，中国共产党依然在传播有关该病毒的虚假信息，并阻碍世界卫生组织对其源头和传播进行的一项调查。由于根本无视临床试验结果的透明度和问责制，它还在兜售缺乏安全性和有效性关键数据的疫苗。这两项行动都使中国公民和世界面临风险。
世界各国应要求北京就这场大流行病的源头和传播做到保持透明，这场大流行病已导致超过一百万人丧生，数百万人的生计被摧毁。如果他们不这样做，中国在公共卫生危机方面的记录将使未来再次爆起源于中国的大流行病令人沮丧地成为可能。 | 12/18/2020 02:37 PM EST
Michael R. Pompeo, Secretary of State
It has now been a year since China first identified a patient in Wuhan stricken with an unknown pneumonia, now known as COVID-19. Since then, the United States and other free nations, such as Germany and the United Kingdom, have led a remarkable and unprecedented vaccine development effort that is delivering hope across the world.
This is no accident. Time and again, democracies that value transparency, the rule of law, property rights, and free-market capitalism have produced innovative solutions to public health crises. Freedom unleashes human potential, and competition spurs better outcomes, at lower costs.
In contrast, authoritarian regimes control information and stifle innovation. The Chinese Communist Party punished brave Chinese scientists, doctors, and journalists who tried to alert the world to the dangers of the spreading virus, allowing a controllable outbreak to become a global pandemic.
Even today, nearly a year after the world first learned of the outbreak, the Chinese Communist Party is still spreading disinformation regarding the virus and obstructing a World Health Organization investigation into its origin and spread. It is also peddling vaccines that lack essential data on safety and efficacy, due to a fundamental disregard for transparency and accountability regarding results from clinical trials. Both actions put Chinese citizens, and the world, at risk.
Nations of the world should demand transparency from Beijing about the origin and spread of the pandemic that has led to more than one million lives lost and millions of livelihoods ruined. If they do not do so, China’s record of public-health crises makes another future pandemic originating from China depressingly likely. |
白宫
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区
2021年9月22日
艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼（Eisenhower Executive Office Building）
南院礼堂（South Court Auditorium）
美东夏令时间上午11时16分
总统：各位上午好。感谢你们今天同我们一起出席。
正如我昨天在联合国所言，我们所有人共同努力战胜COVID-19疫情比其他任何事情都更加紧迫。而且全世界将更好地准备应对今后的疫情。我们必须两者兼顾。
本次峰会旨在大力增强我们在三个关键领域中的努力：在全世界接种疫苗，大幅提高疫苗的生产、捐助和发送，以及注射疫苗——这是后勤操作的一个挑战；在全世界许许多多的医院解决氧气危机，让其他治疗方式更普及，并增加提供像口罩和检测等公共卫生工具；并且更好地恢复重建，以使我们的全球卫生安全基础设施比今天更具抗御力。
我们都承受了苦痛。美国失去了超过67万名美国同胞。全世界的死亡人数超过了450万人——450万人。这是一场全球性悲剧。
我们——我们仅凭折衷的措施或中庸的目标是无法解决这场危机的。我们必须全力以赴。而且我们都要尽自己的一份力：各国政府、私营部门、公民社会领袖以及慈善人士。这是一场所有人都要出力解决的危机。
而且好消息是，我们知道如何战胜这场疫情：疫苗、公共卫生措施以及集体行动。
在我就任总统以来的头8个月，我们积极地努力让美国人以及全世界接种疫苗。身为美国总统，我的首要责任是保护美国人民。而且令我骄傲的是，在美国，全剂接种疫苗的人数已经从1月20日我就任时的200万人增加到今天的1.82亿人，并且还在增多。
但我们也知道，要想在这里战胜疫情，就必须在其他地方战胜疫情。我做出并遵守承诺：美国将成为疫苗军火库，就像我们在第二次世界大战中曾是民主军火库一样。
我们已向100个国家运送了近1.6亿剂疫苗，比所有其他国家捐助的总和还多。我在6月份7国集团（G7）峰会前宣布的美国通过COVID-19新冠疫苗全球获取机制（COVAX）捐助5亿剂辉瑞（Pfizer）疫苗，已经开始发送。
今天，我宣布又一项历史性承诺。美国将再购买5亿剂辉瑞疫苗，捐给全世界的低收入和中等收入国家。
这是又一批5亿剂疫苗，到明年这个时候将全部运出。这将使我们全部的——疫苗捐助承诺——总计超过11亿剂疫苗。
换句话说，迄今为止我们在美国每打一剂疫苗，我们现在就承诺在全世界其他地区打3剂。
我想感谢辉瑞及其董事长兼首席执行官艾伯乐（Albert）。艾伯乐一直是一位好朋友，而且很帮忙。他们在这场斗争中一直是而且继续是合作者和领导者。
而且美国在疫苗捐助方面引领着全世界。我们需要——我们在这样做的时候，需要其他高收入国家也兑现他们自己做出的有魄力的疫苗捐助和承诺。
因此，今天，我们将发起欧盟-美国疫苗伙伴关系，以便更密切地同我们的合作伙伴努力扩大全球的疫苗接种。
我们在这样做的时候，我们全世界都应当就几项原则团结一致：我们承诺捐助，而不是出售——捐赠，而不是出售疫苗，提供给低收入和较低收入的国家，而且捐赠不附加任何政治条件；我们支持COVID-19新冠疫苗全球获取机制作为分享得到世界卫生组织（WHO）批准的疫苗的主要分发机制；我们驳斥有关疫苗的不实信息，并践行透明制，以建立对于这些拯救生命的工具的至关重要的公众信任。
我们为实现共同的目标和指标而努力也很重要，以使我们能够衡量我们的进展，并自我问责及相互问责。
布林肯（Blinken）国务卿将在今年晚些时候召集外长会议，审视我们的集体进展。我提议，我们在2022年第一季度举行第二次高级在线峰会，帮助衡量我们的进展，使我们的努力保持充分协调。
另一个目标是，大幅度增加全球和地区的疫苗生产能力，提高透明度，从而做到使疫苗生产和发放有可预见性，并且协调进行。
实际上，美国之所以能够提供这些大批量历史性捐助的一个重要原因是，我们为提高生产速度和产量而与美国的疫苗生产厂家携手合作。现在我们正在迅速在全球其他国家扩大疫苗生产，以便使他们也能够生产疫苗。
我们正在与伙伴国家、制药公司以及其他生产厂家合作，扩大他们自身的规模，提高在他们自己国家内生产制作安全和高度有效的疫苗的能力。例如，我们同印度、日本和澳大利亚的四方（Quad）伙伴关系正在致力于到2022年底帮助生产至少10亿剂疫苗，以增加全球供应。
我们正在提供融资，帮助在南非加强生产，明年为非洲提供5亿剂以上非洲生产的强生（J&J）疫苗。
接下来，我们从经验得知，让人们真正打上疫苗可能是我们面临的最大的后勤挑战。因此我们需要大力加紧投资，帮助各国完成接种注射。
今天，美国还宣布，我们将再提供3.7亿美元，帮助全球从事接种和发送。我们将提供3.8亿多美元，用于协助全球疫苗联盟（Global Vaccine Alliance，Gavi），进一步在最为需要的地区发放疫苗。
虽然全球接种疫苗是战胜COVID-19的终极办法，但是我们知道，我们现在必须采取行动，挽救生命。为此，美国将提供将近14亿美元，通过援助大量氧气，扩大测试和加强医疗健康系统等多种方式，减少COVID-19的死亡和减少传播。
为帮助我们所有人更好地重建，我们将支持建立一个全球健康安全金融机制——直截了当说——是为下一次疫情作准备，因为将会有下一次。我们都知道这点。哈里斯（Harris）副总统今天晚些时候将更多地谈这点。
最后，我要向今天在场的私人业界、慈善机构和公民社会的领导人表示感谢。
政府可以有很大作为，但是我们无法事事躬亲。我们请非政府伙伴响应新的行动号召，致力于解决让所有地方的所有人得到疫苗的核心挑战；解决氧气供应危机；资助健康安全，等等。我非常感激——我对他们的领导作用非常感激。
让我用我昨天在联合国表明的话来作结束：我们能够做到这点。这是我们的能力所及。我们知道需要做什么。我们只是必须选择去做。
要知道，我今天在屏幕上看到的各位领导人，我知道他们已经作出这一选择。我想他们知道我们能够做到。
我向你们保证，美国将继续发挥带头作用。我们将继续推动对捐助疫苗的历史性承诺——11亿剂而且还在增加——从而让我们能够共同战胜COVID-19。
我们将为创造一个让全球所有人享有真正健康安全的未来而继续投资。这是一个我们具有——我们应该具有的巨大，巨大目标。我们将以我们榜样的力量来率领。我们不会停止。
但是，能够让所有地方、所有人实现这点的唯一途径，是我们全体一道加大努力，我相信你们会这样做。
现在让我把讲坛交给我们的联合国大使托马斯·格林菲尔德（Thomas-Greenfield）。我要向我在屏幕上看到的所有人表示感谢，恕不逐一道谢。
美东夏令时间11时25分
________________________________________
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/09/22/remarks-by-president-biden-at-virtual-global-covid-19-summit/ | South Court Auditorium
Eisenhower Executive Office Building
11:16 A.M. ED
THE PRESIDENT: Good morning, everyone. And thank you for joining us today.
As I said yesterday at the United Nations, nothing is more urgent than all of us working together to defeat COVID-19. And that — that world is going to be much better prepared for future pandemics. We have to do both.
This summit is about supercharging our efforts in three key areas: vaccinating the world by dramatically ramping up vaccine production, donations, delivery, and administrating the vaccine, which is a logistical — it’s a logistical challenge; addressing the oxygen crisis in many hospitals around the world, making other treatments more accessible, and increasing the availability of public health tools like masks and tests; and building back better so that our global health security infrastructure is more resilient than it is today.
We’ve all suffered. The United States has lost more than 670,000 of our fellow Americans. Worldwide, the death toll is above 4.5 million people — 4.5 million people. And this is a global tragedy.
And we — and we’re not going to solve this crisis with half-measures or middle-of-the-road ambitions. We need to go big. And we need to do our part: governments, the private sector, civil society leaders, philanthropists. This is an all-hands-on-deck crisis.
And the good news is, we know how to beat this pandemic: vaccines, public health measures, and collective action.
During the first eight months of my presidency, we have worked aggressively to get Americans and the world vaccinated. As President of the United States, my first responsibility is to protect the American people. And I am proud that we have gone from 2 million Americans being fully vaccinated when I took office in January 20th to 182 million and counting, today, in America.
But we also know that to beat the pandemic here, we need to beat it everywhere. And I made and I’m keeping the promise that America will become the arsenal of vaccines as we were the arsenal of democracy during World War Two.
We have already shipped nearly 160 million doses to 100 countries, more than every other country has donated combined. America’s donations of a half a billion Pfizer vaccines through COVAX that I’ve announced before the G7 Summit in June have already begun to ship.
Today, I’m announcing another historic commitment. The United States is buying another half billion doses of Pfizer to donate to low- and middle-income countries around the world.
This is another half a billion doses that will all be shipped by this time next year. And it brings our total commitment to — of donati- — of donated vaccines to over 1.1 billion vaccines to be donated.
Put another way, for every one shot we’ve administered to date in America, we have now committed to do three shots to the rest of the world.
I want to thank Pfizer and its CEO and chairman, Albert. Albert has been a good friend and has been helpful. They’ve been and continue to be partners and a leader in this fight.
And the United States is leading the world on vaccination donations. We need — as we’re doing that, we need other high-income countries to deliver on their own ambitious vaccine donations and pledges.
That’s why, today, we’re launching the EU-U.S. vaccine partnership to work more closely together and with our partners on expanding global vaccinations.
And as we do so, we should unite around the world on a few principles: that we commit to donating, not selling — donating, not selling, doses to low- and lower-income countries, and that the donations come with no political strings attached; and that we support COVAX as the main distributor for sharing WHO-approved vaccines; and that we fight vaccine disinformation and exercise transparency to build vital public trust in these lifesaving tools.
It’s also important that we are working toward common goals and targets so that we can measure our progress and hold ourselves and each other accountable.
Secretary of State Blinken will be convening foreign ministers later this year to check on our collective progress. And I propose that we come together for a second high-level virtual summit in the first quarter of 2022 to help gauge our progress and keep our efforts fully aligned.
Another goal is dramatically boosting global and regional vaccine manufacturing capacity, enhancing transparency so that vaccine production and distribution is predictable and coordinated.
In fact, an important part of the reason the United States is able to make these big, historic donations is because we’ve worked with U.S. vaccine manufacturers to accelerate the manufacturing rate and production. And now we’re working quickly to scale up vaccine manufacturing in other countries around the world so they can manufacture as well.
We’re working with partner nations, pharmaceutical companies, and other manufacturers to increase their own capacity and capability to produce and manufacture safe and highly effective vaccines in their own countries. For example, our Quad partnership with India, Japan, and Australia is on track to help produce at least 1 billion vaccine doses in India to boost the global supply by the end of 2022.
And we’re providing financing and helping strengthen manufacturing in South Africa and produce more than 500 million doses of J&J in Africa, for Africa next year.
And next, we also know from experience that getting those vaccines into people’s arms may be the hardest logistical challenge we’ve faced. That’s why we need to significantly step up our investment in helping countries get shots in arms.
Today, the United States is also announcing that we’re providing an additional $370 million to support administering these shots and delivery globally. And we will be providing more than $380 million to assist in the Global Vaccine Alliance — GAVI — to further facilitate vaccine distribution in regions in the greatest — with the greatest need.
And while vaccinating the world is the ultimate solution to COVID-19, we know that we have to act to save lives now. That’s why the United States are providing nearly $1.4 billion to reduce COVID-19 deaths and mitigate transmission through bulk oxygen support, expanded testing, and strengthening healthcare systems and more.
And we’re going to help all of us build back better by supporting the establishment of a financial mechanism for global health security — to simply state — to prepare for the next pandemic, because there will be a next time. We all know that. Vice President Harris will be speaking more on this issue later today.
And finally, I want to acknowledge the leaders from the private sector, philanthropy, and civil society who are here today.
Governments can do a lot, but we cannot do everything on our own. We’ve asked our nongovernmental partners to take up the call for new actions that will solve the core challenges of making vaccines available to everyone, everywhere; solving the oxygen availability crisis; financing health security; and more. And I’m grateful — I’m grateful for their leadership.
And let me close by — with what I made clear yesterday at the U.N.: We can do this. This is within our capacity. We know what needs to be done. We just have to make the choice to do it.
You know, the leaders on the screen that I see here today, I know they’ve made that choice. And I think they know we can do this.
And I promise you, the United States will continue to lead. We’ll continue to drive historic commitments in vaccine donations — 1.1 billion and counting — so we can defeat COVID-19 together.
And we’ll continue to invest in creating a future of true global health security for all people. That is a big, big goal I ha- — we have — we should have. And we’re going to lead with the power of our example. And we’re not going to stop.
But the only way to get this done is for everyone, everywhere — is for all of us to step up, which I’m confident you will.
And now I’d like to turn this over to Ambassador Thomas-Greenfield of the United Nations. And I want to thank everybody on the screen I can see here, without going to each one of you.
11:25 A.M. EDT |
媒体通报
发言人办公室
2021年3月17日
国务卿安东尼·J·布林肯(Antony J. Blinken)和韩国外长郑义溶(Chung Eui-yong) 重申美韩同盟在东北亚、自由开放的印太地区和世界各地作为和平、稳定和繁荣的关键是至关重要的。在3月17日的会晤中，国务卿布林肯和外长郑义溶取得一致，认为我们需要扩大双边协调和在区域和全球的参与。
双边政策对话
美国和韩国将启动副助卿/司长级对话，讨论双边关系中的战略议题。美国国务院–韩国外交部的对话将扩大双边、区域和全球各种议题上的外交协调。与目前持续进行的印太对话(Dialogue on the Indo-Pacific)和美韩高级经济对话(U.S.-ROK Senior Economic Dialogue)一道，美韩双边政策对话(U.S.-ROK Bilateral Policy Dialogue)将是另一个重要的外交工具，为美国和韩国人民取得实质成果。
防卫费分担特别协定
3月18日，美国和韩国草签第11份美韩防卫费分担特别协定(Special Measures Agreement)。一旦敲定并生效后，该防卫费分担多年协议预期将加强我们的同盟和联合防卫态势，并且是双方秉着诚信努力的结果，确保我们的同盟持续具有互惠性、增强我们防止并威慑侵犯的能力、推进和平、安全、繁荣的共同目标。
美韩外长和防长联合声明
在3月18日举行的联合部长级会议中，美国和韩国承诺致力于共同的区域和全球目标。国务卿布林肯和防长奥斯丁与韩国对口部长一道发布美韩同盟重要性、增强威慑力以及在21世纪达成我们共同目标的共同愿景。
经济合作
美国和韩国重申继续加强美韩经济关系的重要性，以作为双边关系的关键支柱。在美韩高级经济对话现有的合作基础上，双方寻求加强双边、区域和全球经济合作，包括提升供应链的韧性、推动和保护新兴和关键技术，以及推进后疫情时代的经济复苏。
印太合作
通过我们持续进行有关印太的对话，同时与韩国新南政策协调，美国和韩国预期将达到我们共同的气候变化目标，以及在健康安全、网络能力建设、能源安全、太空、民主倡议以及其他在印太地区的优先事项上扩大协调。国务卿布林肯和外长郑义溶将善用我们印太的对话，扩大与太平洋岛屿国家和通过湄公河之友(Friends of the MeKong)在湄公河以南地区有关执法、海事安全和网络能力建设的区域协调。
气候变化
美国和韩国承诺加强气候雄心和去碳化的合作。双方将致力于在2050年之前达到温室气体净零排放，以及与这些2050年目标一致、颇具雄心的2030年目标。韩国和美国同时也有意通过美国–东盟智能城市伙伴计划(U.S.-ASEAN Smart Cities Partnership)和韩国智能城市项目，扩大可持续智能城市的合作。 | MEDIA NOTE
OFFICE OF THE SPOKESPERSON
Office of the Spokesperson
Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken and the Republic of Korea Minister for Foreign Affairs Chung Eui-yong reaffirmed the vital importance of the U.S.-ROK Alliance as the linchpin of peace, security, and prosperity in Northeast Asia, in a free and open Indo-Pacific, and across the world. During their March 17 meeting, Secretary Blinken and Foreign Minister Chung agreed on the need to expand our bilateral coordination and regional and global engagement.
Bilateral Policy Dialogue
The United States and the ROK will initiate a Deputy Assistant Secretary/Director-General-level dialogue to discuss strategic issues in the bilateral relationship. This Department of State-Ministry of Foreign Affairs dialogue will expand diplomatic coordination on a range of bilateral, regional, and global issues. Along with our ongoing Dialogue on the Indo-Pacific and the U.S.-ROK Senior Economic Dialogue, the U.S.-ROK Bilateral Policy Dialogue will be another important diplomatic tool to achieve tangible results for the American and Korean people.
Special Measures Agreement
On March 18, the United States and the ROK initialed the draft text for the 11th U.S.-ROK Special Measures Agreement (SMA). Upon conclusion and entry into force, this multi-year agreement on defense burden sharing is expected to strengthen our Alliance and combined defense posture and is the result of sincere efforts by both sides to ensure our Alliance remains mutually beneficial, enhances our ability to prevent and deter aggression, and advances our shared goals of peace, security, and prosperity.
U.S.-ROK Foreign and Defense Ministerial Joint Statement
The United States and the ROK committed to common regional and global objectives during the March 18 Joint Ministerial. Secretaries Blinken and Austin joined their ROK counterparts to issue a shared vision of the importance of the U.S.-ROK Alliance, strengthening deterrence, and achieving our shared objectives in the 21st Century.
Economic Cooperation
The United States and the ROK reaffirmed the importance of continuing to strengthen the U.S.-ROK economic relationship, as a key pillar of the bilateral relationship. Building on existing cooperation under the U.S.-ROK Senior Economic Dialogue, both sides seek to enhance bilateral, regional, and global economic cooperation, including in the areas of enhancing supply chain resilience, promoting and protecting emerging and critical technologies, and fostering post-COVID-19 economic recovery.
Indo-Pacific Cooperation
Through our ongoing dialogues on the Indo-Pacific, and in coordination with the ROK New Southern Policy, the United States and the ROK expect to meet our shared climate change goals, as well as expand our coordination on health security, cyber capacity building, energy security, space, democracy initiatives, and other shared priorities in the Indo-Pacific region. Secretary Blinken and Foreign Minister Chung will leverage our dialogues on the Indo-Pacific to expand regional coordination on law enforcement, maritime security, and cyber capacity building with the Pacific Island Countries and the Mekong sub-region through the Friends of the Mekong.
Climate Change
The United States and the ROK commit to enhancing cooperation on climate ambition and decarbonization. The two sides will work towards achieving their net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and ambitious 2030 targets aligned with achieving these 2050 goals. The ROK and the United States also intend to expand cooperation on sustainable smart cities through the U.S.-ASEAN Smart Cities Partnership and the ROK’s smart cities programs. |
2022年8月2日
安东尼·布林肯国务卿
在乌克兰人民面对普京总统发动的残酷战争继续勇敢地保卫自己的家园之时，俄罗斯的权贵们正在运营产生收入的规模巨大的公司，并为自己在俄罗斯国外的奢华生活方式供资。今天，美国正在采取更多的行动来确保克里姆林宫及其助长者感受到我们对克里姆林宫违背良知的侵略战争所采取的应对措施的联合效力。
国务院根据《第14024号行政命令》（Executive Order (E.O.) 14024），将俄罗斯寡头、国有实体和非法当局列入制裁名单。国务院将以下三名寡头列入名单：德米特里·亚历山德罗维奇·普潘扬斯基（Dmitry Aleksandrovich Pumpyanskiy）、安德烈·伊戈列维奇·梅尔尼琴科（Andrey Igorevich Melnichenko）和亚历山大·阿纳托利耶维奇·波诺马连科（Alexander Anatolevich Ponomarenko）。此外，国务院还将国家运输租赁公司股份公司（Joint Stock Company State Transportation Leasing Company）及其四家子公司列入名单。国务院还将在乌克兰领土上协同俄罗斯非法运作的四名个人及一个实体列入名单。这些制裁对象中的几个也被盟友和伙伴列入名单，进一步协调了我们的有关制度。
我们也在加大俄罗斯战争机器的代价，根据《第14024号行政命令》将俄罗斯的24个国防和技术相关实体列入名单。俄罗斯为提高其战争能力有系统地注意利用高端技术研究和创新——俄罗斯军队正是运用这些国防能力对乌克兰人口中心发起凶恶袭击，造成平民死亡，其中包括儿童。我们的行动针对俄罗斯一些最重要的国防相关研究和开发机构、半导体生产商，以及先进计算和电子产品实体。这些行动将进一步孤立俄罗斯的国防和高端技术行业，限制它们支持莫斯科战争机器的能力。
此外，国务院正在采取行动，对一些个人实行与俄罗斯在乌克兰的战争有关的签证限制。这包括对威胁或践踏乌克兰的主权、领土完整或政治独立的893名俄罗斯联邦官员，如联邦委员会（Federation Council）成员和军方成员。它还包括31名外国政府官员，他们支持俄罗斯所称的对乌克兰克里米亚地区的兼并，因而威胁或践踏了乌克兰主权。
最后，财政部今天也对与克里姆林宫相连的权贵、一家主要跨国公司，以及一项规避制裁的运作实行制裁，并根据《第14024号行政命令》将一艘游艇确定为被封财产。这些权贵和商家在经济领域的活动为俄罗斯政权带来可观收入，包括来自俄罗斯境外来源。
美国对勇敢的乌克兰人民的支持不会动摇，并且将继续促进对普京总统及其亲信追究责任，他们的行动在乌克兰造成沉重的苦难和破坏。
有关今天行动的更多信息，请见财政部的新闻发布和国务院简报。
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.state.gov/imposing-additional-costs-on-russia-for-its-continued-war-against-ukraine-3/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。 | PRESS STATEMENT
ANTONY J. BLINKEN, SECRETARY OF STATE
AUGUST 2, 2022
As Ukrainians continue to valiantly defend their homeland in the face of President Putin’s brutal war, Russia’s elite are running massive revenue-generating companies and funding their own opulent lifestyles outside of Russia. Today, the United States is taking additional actions to ensure that the Kremlin and its enablers feel the compounding effects of our response to the Kremlin’s unconscionable war of aggression.
The Department of State is designating Russian oligarchs, state-owned entities, and illegitimate authorities pursuant to Executive Order (E.O.) 14024. The Department is designating three oligarchs: Dmitry Aleksandrovich Pumpyanskiy, Andrey Igorevich Melnichenko, and Alexander Anatolevich Ponomarenko. Additionally, the Department is designating Joint Stock Company State Transportation Leasing Company and four of its subsidiaries. The Department is also designating four individuals and one entity illegitimately operating in Ukraine’s territory in collaboration with Russia. Several of these targets are designated by allies and partners, further aligning our regimes.
We are also imposing additional costs on Russia’s war machine by designating 24 Russian defense and technology-related entities pursuant to E.O. 14024. Russia has systematically focused on exploiting high-technology research and innovations to advance Moscow’s war-fighting capabilities – the same defense capabilities that Russia’s military is using in its vicious attacks hitting Ukraine’s population centers and resulting in the deaths of civilians, including children. Our actions target some of Russia’s most important defense-related research and development institutions, semiconductor producers, and advanced computing and electronics entities. These actions will further isolate Russia’s defense and high-technology industries and limit their contributions to Moscow’s war machine.
Additionally, the Department of State is taking action to impose visa restrictions on individuals in relation to Russia’s war in Ukraine. This includes 893 Russian Federation officials, such as members of the Federation Council and military members, for threatening or violating Ukraine’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, or political independence. It also includes 31 foreign government officials who have acted to support Russia’s purported annexation of the Crimea region of Ukraine and thereby threatened or violated Ukraine’s sovereignty.
Finally, Department of the Treasury is also imposing sanctions today targeting Kremlin-connected elites, a major multinational company, and a sanctions evasion operation, as well as identifying a yacht as blocked property pursuant to E.O. 14024. These elites and businesses operate in economic sectors that generate substantial revenue for the Russian regime, including from sources outside of Russia.
The United States will not waver in its support for the brave people of Ukraine and will continue to promote accountability for President Putin and his cronies whose actions have caused so much suffering and destruction in Ukraine.
For more information on today’s actions, please see the Department of the Treasury’s press release and State Department fact sheet. |
对外政策
2020年1月15日发布
“从一开始本届政府就坚持不懈地奋力为美国工人争取公平的竞争环境。”– 唐纳德·特朗普总统
签署与中国达成的里程碑式的第一阶段贸易协议：今天，特朗普总统签署与中国达成的新的、可完全执行的第一阶段贸易协议。
实施关键性的改革：中国已同意在广泛的一系列重要领域实行重大结构性改革。
重新平衡贸易：这项协议将开始平衡我们与中国的贸易关系，为美国工商业和农民提供新的机会。 | From day one, my Administration has fought tirelessly to achieve a level playing field for the American worker. —President Donald J. Trump
SIGNING A LANDMARK PHASE ONE TRADE AGREEMENT: Today, President Trump is signing a new, fully-enforceable Phase One Trade Agreement with China. |
第二次世界大战结束75周年联合声明
发言人办公室
2020年5月7日
以下是美国国务卿与保加利亚、捷克共和国、爱沙尼亚、匈牙利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、波兰、罗马尼亚和斯洛伐克外交部长的联合声明。
全文开始：
在2020年第二次世界大战结束75周年之际，我们向遇难者和为战胜纳粹德国和结束纳粹大屠杀（Holocaust）而战的所有军人致敬。
1945年5月，虽然第二次世界大战在欧洲结束，但它并未给整个欧洲带来自由。欧洲大陆的中部和东部地区继续在共产主义政权统治下长达近50年。波罗的海国家（Baltic States）受到非法占领和兼并，苏联以强大的军事力量、压制手段和意识形态控制，将其他被垄断的国家钳制在它的铁掌中。
在数十年中，中欧和东欧的许多人为获得自由而献出生命，那里的千百万人被剥夺了他们的权利和基本自由，遭受酷刑迫害和被迫流亡。铁幕后的这些社会迫切寻求通往民主与独立之路。
1956年事件，77宪章（Charter 77）的成立和活动，团结工会运动（Solidarity movement），波罗的海人链（Baltic Way），1989年民族之秋（Autumn of Nations of 1989）和柏林墙（Berlin Wall）的倒塌，成为对欧洲重建自由和民主发挥了决定性作用的一个个重要里程碑。
今天，我们正在为以人权、民主和法治至上的强大和自由的欧洲而共同努力。未来应该以历史事实和使独裁政权的受害者得到公正为基础。我们随时准备同愿意追求这些原则的所有各方进行对话。对导致第二次世界大战和导致欧洲战后分裂的历史事件进行操纵，是给历史造假的可悲之举。
我们希望提醒国际社会的所有成员，持久的国际安全、稳定与和平要求我们认真和持续地遵守国际法律和常规，包括尊重所有国家的主权和领土完整。基于第二次世界大战带来的残酷教训，我们呼吁国际社会与我们一道坚决反对势力圈概念，并坚持所有主权国家一律平等。 | Joint Statement on the 75th Anniversary of the end of the Second World War
05/07/2020 11:42 AM EDT
Office of the Spokesperson
The following is a joint statement by the U. S. Secretary of State and the Foreign Ministers of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia.
Begin text:
Marking the 75th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in 2020, we pay tribute to the victims and to all soldiers who fought to defeat Nazi Germany and put an end to the Holocaust.
While May 1945 brought the end of the Second World War in Europe, it did not bring freedom to all of Europe. The central and eastern part of the continent remained under the rule of communist regimes for almost 50 years. The Baltic States were illegally occupied and annexed and the iron grip over the other captive nations was enforced by the Soviet Union using overwhelming military force, repression, and ideological control.
For many decades, numerous Europeans from the central and eastern part of the continent sacrificed their lives striving for freedom, as millions were deprived of their rights and fundamental freedoms, subjected to torture and forced displacement. Societies behind the Iron Curtain desperately sought a path to democracy and independence.
The events of 1956, creation and activities of the Charter 77, the Solidarity movement, the Baltic Way, the Autumn of Nations of 1989, and the collapse of the Berlin Wall were important milestones which contributed decisively to the recreation of freedom and democracy in Europe.
Today, we are working together toward a strong and free Europe, where human rights, democracy and the rule of law prevail. The future should be based on the facts of history and justice for the victims of totalitarian regimes. We are ready for dialogue with all those interested in pursuing these principles. Manipulating the historical events that led to the Second World War and to the division of Europe in the aftermath of the war constitutes a regrettable effort to falsify history.
We would like to remind all members of the international community that lasting international security, stability and peace requires genuine and continuous adherence to international law and norms, including the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states. By learning the cruel lessons of the Second World War, we call on the international community to join us in firmly rejecting the concept of spheres of influence and insisting on equality of all sovereign nations. |
安东尼·J·布林肯国务卿
2021年9月24日
美国政府与国际社会一道欢迎中华人民共和国政府当局释放被任意关押超过两年半的加拿大公民迈克尔·斯帕沃尔（Michael Spavor）和康明凯（Michael Kovrig）的决定。我们很高兴他们即将返回加拿大的家。 | ANTONY J. BLINKEN, SECRETARY OF STATE
SEPTEMBER 24, 2021
The U.S. Government stands with the international community in welcoming the decision by People’s Republic of China authorities to release Canadian citizens Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig after more than two-and-a-half years of arbitrary detention. We are pleased that they are returning home to Canada. |
美国应对COVID-19持续不断的人道援助领导力
2020/6/19 01:45 PM 美国东部夏令时间
迈克尔·R·蓬佩奥，国务卿
美国一直以来，也持续是全球外援上无可争议的领导者，我们响应COVID-19大流行的领导力延续了此慷慨行为的记录。今天，我们将提供约9300万美元的新人道援助资金，以加强我们当前的响应工作，帮助世界上最易受影响的人群克服这个致命病毒造成的破坏。这项新资金将帮助世界各地的人，包括亚洲、非洲和拉美各地。
在今天宣布的9300万里，超过7500万来自国际灾难援助（International Disaster Assistance）的资金，将支持健康、水、环境卫生和个人卫生、后勤和保护的紧急项目要，以及食物援助以解决大流行带来的第二次影响。此外，来自移民和难民援助（Migration and Refugee Assistance）资金的近1800万元将加强我们国际和非政府组织伙伴为难民、易感染移民和接收社区提供水以及环境卫生和个人卫生物资、生计支持、社会心理服务、粮食安全、健康服务的可得性和信息的能力，同时也保护服务这些人群的人道行动者的健康。
这一新援助是美国政府各部门拨付的逾120亿元其中的一部分，用于全球响应，包括疫苗和疗法开发，预警工作和人道救援。今天的宣布代表仅仅国务院和美国国际开发署COVID-19响应资金至今就已超过13亿元，用于健康、人道和经济协助。其中许多资金已发出，促成世界各地拯救生命和降低大流行第二次影响的项目。美国人民的慷慨依然无可比拟，而美国纳税人的资金在大流行中带来的积极影响是深远的。 | 06/19/2020 01:45 PM EDT
Michael R. Pompeo, Secretary of State
The United States has been, and continues to be, the undisputed leader in global foreign assistance, and our leadership in response to the COVID-19 pandemic continues that record of generosity. Today, we’re providing approximately $93 million in new humanitarian assistance to bolster our ongoing response efforts, helping the world’s most vulnerable overcome the devastation inflicted by this deadly virus. This new funding will help people across the world, including throughout Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
Of the $93 million announced today, more than $75 million from the International Disaster Assistance account will support emergency health, water, sanitation, and hygiene, logistics and protection programs, as well as food assistance to address the secondary impacts of the pandemic. In addition, nearly $18 million from the Migration and Refugee Assistance account will enhance the ability of our international and non-governmental organization partners to provide water, sanitation and hygiene supplies; livelihood support; psychosocial services; food security; and access to health services and information for refugees, vulnerable migrants, and host communities while also protecting the health of humanitarian actors serving these populations.
This new assistance is part of more than $12 billion allocated by agencies and departments across the U.S. government to benefit the global response, including vaccine and therapeutics development, preparedness efforts, and humanitarian assistance. Today’s announcement brings State Department and USAID COVID-19 response funding alone to more than $1.3 billion in health, humanitarian, and economic assistance to date. Much of this funding has already been deployed, enabling programs that are saving lives and mitigating the second order impacts of the pandemic around the world. The generosity of the American people remains unmatched, and the positive impact of American taxpayer funds in the midst of the pandemic is profound. |
2020年3月3日，美国东部标准时间下午12:28
发言人办公室
以下来自发言人摩根·奥特葛斯：
2月29日，常务副国务卿斯蒂芬·比根与大韩民国外长康京和通电话。双方讨论了COVID-19疫情以及两国的应对。常务副国务卿比根和外长重申了我们的同盟以及致力于区域和全球安全的重要性。 | 03/03/2020 12:28 PM EST
Office of the Spokesperson
The following is attributable to Spokesperson Morgan Ortagus:
On February 29, Deputy Secretary of State Stephen Biegun spoke by phone with Republic of Korea Foreign Minister Kang Kyung-wha. The two discussed the COVID-19 outbreak and the two countries’ response. Deputy Secretary Biegun and Foreign Minister Kang reaffirmed the importance of our alliance and commitment to regional and global security. |
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2020年7 月31 日
国务卿迈克尔·蓬佩奥（MICHAEL R. POMPEO）发表声明
关于制裁在中国新疆的侵犯人权者
中国共产党在中国新疆对维吾尔人和其他少数民族穆斯林采取侵犯人权的行为已成为世纪之殇。特朗普政府（Trump Administration）已率先主导全世界的有关行动，责惩中华人民共和国为针对这些群体持续采取的镇压活动、大规模任意拘押、侵入性监控、强迫劳动、强制性人口控制、收集非自愿性生物识别数据和基因分析承担实质性的代价。今天，我们按例继续采取有原则的行动。
2020年7月9日，美国认定作为中国共产党下属准军事组织的新疆生产建设兵团现任党委第一书记陈全国与新疆严重侵犯人权的活动有关涉。陈全国赴该地区上任后就在新疆开始对维吾尔人和其他少数民族成员全面实行监控、拘押和思想灌输计划。新疆生产建设兵团直接从事这些行动的执行。今天，美国已对新疆生产建设兵团实施制裁。
今天，美国还对新疆生产建设兵团前党委书记孙金龙及新疆生产建设兵团党委副书记和司令员彭家瑞实施制裁。对他们的认定按第13818号行政命令（Executive Order 13818）实施，进一步促进和执行《全球马格尼茨基人权问责法》（Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act）。上述措施还将限制孙金龙和彭家瑞赴美国旅行的能力。
今天的认定事项是美国政府为制止新疆地区侵犯人权的行为而持续进行努力的最新行动。我们呼吁所有的国家加入我们的行列，谴责中国共产党采取骇人听闻的行为侵犯本国公民的人权，导致世界各地无数家庭都因此受到影响。
有关上述行动的详情，请查看财政部（Department of the Treasury）今天发布的新闻稿: https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1073 | 07/31/2020 11:13 AM EDT
Michael R. Pompeo, Secretary of State
The Chinese Communist Party’s human rights abuses in Xinjiang, China against Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities rank as the stain of the century. The Trump Administration has led the world’s effort to impose tangible costs on the PRC’s continuous campaign of repression, mass arbitrary detention, intrusive surveillance, forced labor, forced population control, involuntary collection of biometric data, and genetic analyses targeted at these groups. Today, we are continuing that record of principled action.
On July 9, 2020, the United States designated Chen Quanguo, the current First Party Secretary of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC), a paramilitary organization subordinate to the CCP, for his connection to serious human rights abuse in Xinjiang. Following his arrival in the region, Chen Quanguo began implementing a comprehensive surveillance, detention, and indoctrination program in Xinjiang, targeting Uyghurs and members of other ethnic minorities. The XPCC has been directly involved in implementing these measures. Today, the U.S. has imposed sanctions on the XPCC.
The U.S. also sanctioned today Sun Jinlong, former Party Secretary of the XPCC, and Peng Jiarui, Deputy Party Secretary and Commander of the XPCC. They were designated pursuant to Executive Order 13818, which builds upon and implements the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act. These actions will also restrict the ability of Sun Jinlong and Peng Jiarui to travel to the United States.
Today’s designations are the latest U.S. government action in an ongoing effort to deter human rights abuse in the Xinjiang region. We call on all countries to join us in condemning the CCP’s heinous abuse of the human rights of its own citizens, affecting countless families across the world.
For more information regarding this action, please see the press release issued today by the Department of the Treasury: https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1073 |
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿特区
2020年9月9日
通报
以下来自发言人摩根·奥特葛斯（Morgan Ortagus）的谈话：
国务卿迈克尔·蓬佩奥（Michael R. Pompeo）9月9日与东盟十个成员国外长一道通过视频举行了年度东盟-美国外长会议（ASEAN-United States Foreign Ministers’ Meeting）。
蓬佩奥国务卿与东盟同仁强调了美国与东盟地区的交往及承诺的广度与深度。他们讨论了东盟和美国在地区政治、安全、经济和文化事务上的合作。国务卿重申了美国对“东盟印度-太平洋展望”（ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific）的支持以及它对美国与东盟交往的指导作用。他进一步强调了东盟位于美国对印度-太平洋地区方略中心的重要角色。国务卿宣布了基于“美国-东盟健康未来”（U.S-ASEAN Health Futures）项目的新行动计划和对开发人力资本的支持。更多信息可见即将公布的“美国-东盟战略伙伴关系简报”（U.S.-ASEAN Strategic Partnership Factsheet）。
蓬佩奥国务卿赞扬了东盟主席越南为在前所未有的这一时期召开东盟外长会议所做的努力，并且对东盟国家对2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫情作出的透明反应表示赞赏。东盟国家对美国为抗击2019冠状病毒病提供8,700多万美元紧急健康和人道援助表示感谢。国务卿重申，美国将成为这一地区经济恢复中的伙伴，为之运用我们拥有的一切手段，包括美国私人行业的支持。
蓬佩奥国务卿讨论了紧迫的国际和地区问题，包括需要解决在缅甸若开邦（Rakhine State）发生暴力的根源；要求朝鲜民主主义人民共和国停止挑衅行为并回到谈判桌前；以及要求中华人民共和国停止咄咄逼人和破坏稳定的政策，包括在南中国海（South China Sea）、湄公河次区域（Mekong sub-region）和香港。国务卿和东盟外长表达了他们的共同立场，即在南中国海的所有争端应该以和平的方式和按照国际法——即《联合国海洋法公约》（UN Convention on the Law of the Sea）——解决。 | READOUT
OFFICE OF THE SPOKESPERSON
SEPTEMBER 9, 2020
The below is attributable to Spokesperson Morgan Ortagus:
Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo joined the annual ASEAN-United States Foreign Ministers’ Meeting with his counterparts from the 10 ASEAN member states via videoconference on September 9.
Secretary Pompeo and his ASEAN counterparts highlighted the breadth and depth of U.S. engagement and commitment to the ASEAN region. They discussed ASEAN and U.S. cooperation on regional political, security, economic, and cultural issues. The Secretary reiterated U.S. support for the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific and its role in guiding U.S. engagement with ASEAN. He further emphasized ASEAN’s important role at the center of the U.S. vision for the Indo-Pacific. The Secretary announced new initiatives under the U.S-ASEAN Health Futures program and to support human capital development. More information can be found on the forthcoming U.S.-ASEAN Strategic Partnership Factsheet.
Secretary Pompeo praised ASEAN Chair Vietnam for its work convening ASEAN Foreign Ministers during these unprecedented times, and he lauded ASEAN countries for their transparent responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. ASEAN countries thanked the United States for the over $87 million in emergency health and humanitarian assistance provided to combat COVID-19. The Secretary reiterated that the United States will partner with the region in its economic recovery, using all tools at our disposal, including the support of the U.S. private sector.
Secretary Pompeo discussed pressing international and regional issues, including the need to address the root cause of violence in Rakhine State in Burma; for the DPRK to halt its provocations and return to the negotiating table; and for the PRC to halt its aggressive and destabilizing policies, including in the South China Sea, the Mekong sub-region, and Hong Kong. The Secretary and ASEAN Foreign Ministers shared their common position that all disputes in the South China Sea should be resolved peacefully and in line with international law, namely the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. |
STATEMENT BY SECRETARY MICHAEL R. POMPEO
Continuing U.S. Leadership in the Global COVID-19 Response through Additional U.S. Foreign Assistance
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2020年4月8日
国务卿迈克尔·蓬佩奥（MICHAEL R. POMPEO）发表声明
美国追加对外援款，继续引领全球抗击COVID-19冠状病毒疾病的行动
由于美国人民发扬了无可比拟的乐于助人的精神以及美国政府进行的努力，美国继续引领全世界抗击COVID-19疫情的公共卫生和人道主义行动。我们正再接再厉发挥引领作用，为卫生、人道主义和经济援助追加2.25亿美元援款，进一步促进全世界抗击疫情的努力。
这笔新的援款属于美国政府为抗击COVID-19疫情已经提供的近2.74亿美元以外追加的款项。这笔援款还建立在过去20年美国单独为全球提供总额1,400多亿美元卫生援助的基础上。美国毫无疑问是为世界各地提供卫生和人道主义援助的事业中引领国际的国家。
我们为抗击COVID-19疫情提供援助的重点是，通过诊断降低病毒传播，预防和控制卫生设施的传染，完备和加强紧急卫生系统，改善实验室设施，训练护理人员等，目的都在于控制疫情发展，进一步缓解对海外美国人员的影响，同时防止跨越我国边境的输入性传播，更好地保护美国国内人员。
疫情并不受国际边界的限制。鉴于数十年来美国一贯在卫生和人道主义援助领域发挥引领作用，我们认识到明智和战略性的投入已证明是保护国土的关键因素。历史已经证明，我们可以在国内抗击疫情的同时帮助其他国家制止病毒向境外传播。
最重要的问题是，美国有能力为我们的海外伙伴提供可发挥重大影响的援助，不会影响美国人民获得关键物资的供应。我们将保障美国所有关键医疗用品的供应，直至国内需求得到满足为止。
美国政府各团队，不仅是国务院，而且包括美国国际发展署（United States Agency for International Development）、卫生与人类服务部（Department of Health and Human Services）的疾病控制与预防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention）、美国发展金融公司（U.S. Development Finance Corporation）等机构协同努力并与我国的7国集团（G7）伙伴和其他多边机构合作，权衡对各类项目和国家的安排，优先考虑最急需援助的地区和如何才能发挥最大的影响。
美国人民不仅通过政府渠道提供援助。美国人民还通过民营企业、非营利组织和信仰团体齐心协力为世界各地受COVID-19疫情影响的人口慷慨捐助了超过15亿美元的援款。我知道，今后几个星期和几个月，我们将作为全世界贡献最大的人道主义国家继续努力。 | STATEMENT BY SECRETARY MICHAEL R. POMPEO
April 8, 2020
Thanks to the unmatched generosity of the American people and the efforts of the U.S. government, the United States has continued to lead the world’s public health and humanitarian response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are building on that leadership, with another $225 million in health, humanitarian, and economic assistance to further boost response efforts worldwide.
This new assistance follows the nearly $274 million in aid already deployed by the U.S. government against COVID-19. It also builds upon the more than $140 billion in total U.S. health assistance alone provided globally over the last 20 years. The United States is the undisputed leader in the provision of health and humanitarian aid, around the world.
Our COVID-19 aid is focused on helping to reduce transmission of the virus through diagnosis, the prevention and control of infections in health facilities, preparing and bolstering emergency health systems, improving laboratories, training healthcare workers and more – all in an effort to respond to additional outbreaks to mitigate further impact to Americans overseas and better protect Americans at home from further transmission across our borders.
Pandemics do not respect national borders. Through decades of U.S. global leadership in health and humanitarian assistance, we know that smart and strategic investments have proven critical to protecting the homeland. As history proves, we can fight pandemics at home and help other nations contain their spread abroad.
Most importantly of all, the United States is able to provide impactful assistance to our partners overseas without diverting critical supplies away from the American people. We will keep all critical medical items in the United States until the demand at home is met.
Teams across the U.S. government — including not only the Department of State, but also the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the Department of Health and Human Services’ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Development Finance Corporation, and more — are working together and with our partners in the G7 and other multilateral institutions to prioritize programs and countries where assistance is most needed, and will have the greatest impact.
Americans don’t just provide aid through government means. Together, Americans have generously donated more than $1.5 billion to populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic around the world through private businesses, nonprofit groups, and faith-based organizations. And I know we will continue to do so in the weeks and months ahead, as the world’s greatest humanitarians. |
日本外相林芳正以七国集团外长会议主席身份在慕尼黑安全会议上发表声明。
声明开始:
来自加拿大、法国、德国、意大利、日本、英国、美国的七国集团外长及欧盟高级代表于2023年日本担任主席国以来举行首次会晤，强调他们致力于维护以法治为基础的国际秩序的决心。
七国集团成员向正在与2月6日地震影响作斗争的土耳其和叙利亚人民表达了最深切的慰问。七国集团成员正在与合作伙伴共同努力，确保能畅通无阻地提供所需的人道主义危机应对和技术援助。因此，外长们强调了全面执行扩大叙利亚西北部人道主义援助准入的决定的重要性。
在俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰近一年后，七国集团成员重申，他们毫不动摇地与乌克兰团结在一起，无论需要多久。外长们欢迎乌克兰外长德米特罗·库列巴参加会议，欢迎泽连斯基总统在2022年11月二十国集团峰会上的讲话中所表明的乌克兰致力于公正持久和平的决心。他们承诺为此与乌方积极合作。他们以最强烈的措辞谴责俄罗斯政府对乌克兰发动的无端野蛮侵略战争。他们敦促俄罗斯立即无条件地从乌克兰撤出所有军队和装备，尊重乌克兰在其国际公认边界内的独立、主权和领土完整。根据联合国宪章，联合国成员不得对任何国家的领土完整或政治独立使用或威胁使用武力。他们承诺首要的是捍卫这一核心原则，反对俄罗斯的侵略，这不仅有利于乌克兰，也有利于整个国际社会。
七国集团成员谴责了俄罗斯对乌克兰平民和重要基础设施的持续攻击。他们强调，战争罪和其他暴行绝不能逍遥法外，包括对平民和基础设施的袭击，以及渗透行动和将乌克兰平民强制驱逐到俄罗斯。外长们再次强调，他们决心根据国际法追究包括普京总统和俄罗斯领导人在内的所有责任人的责任。
七国集团成员决心继续维持和加强对俄罗斯的制裁，以限制其战争行为，并对那些为俄罗斯对乌克兰的非法战争提供物质支持的国家进行制裁。他们希望第三方不要规避和破坏这些制裁措施，并呼吁第三方停止对俄罗斯军队及其附属部队的援助，否则将面临沉重的代价。
七国集团成员致力于减轻俄罗斯的战争、俄罗斯政府的能源和粮食武器化给全球带来的痛苦。他们重申了继续和扩大黑海谷物倡议的至关重要性，并强调了俄罗斯当局需要加快检查和行动的速度，以满足全球需求。他们谴责俄罗斯在全球范围内不断展开的信息操纵和虚假宣传，寻求将责任推给他人。
七国集团成员重申了他们的决心，继续支持乌克兰行使他们捍卫自己、抵御俄罗斯入侵的权利，包括提供军事和国防援助。他们强调了七国+伙伴在提供能源援助上的一致努力，以减轻俄罗斯对平民和关键基础设施的残酷进攻的影响。
七国集团成员回顾了77年来没有使用过核武器的同时，重申了俄罗斯不负责任的核言论是不可接受的，任何使用化学、生物或核武器及相关材料的行为都将面临严重的后果。他们谴责俄罗斯继续对扎波罗热核电站的控制和军事化，呼吁俄罗斯军队和人员立即撤离。他们强调他们全力支持国际原子能机构为解决乌克兰的核安全、安保和保障关切所做的努力。
七国集团成员以最强烈的言辞谴责了朝鲜于2023年2月18日再次发射洲际弹道导弹（ICBM）。这一行为公然违反了联合国安理会决议（UNSCRs），威胁到地区和国际和平与安全。他们强烈敦促朝鲜全面遵守相关联合国安理会决议所规定的所有义务。朝鲜的鲁莽行为需要国际社会做出统一的反应，包括联合国安理会采取进一步的重大措施。他们呼吁所有国家全面、有效地执行所有联合国安理会决议。
七国集团成员还重申了他们共同致力于维护一个自由开放的印太地区，它具有包容性，并以法治、共同原则、领土完整、透明度、保护人权和基本自由以及和平解决争端为基础。他们强烈反对任何以武力或胁迫的方式改变现状的单边企图。他们仍然坚定地与伙伴合作，以确保世界的和平、安全和繁荣。
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.state.gov/g7-foreign-ministers-statement-at-the-munich-security-conference/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。 | MEDIA NOTE
OFFICE OF THE SPOKESPERSON
FEBRUARY 21, 2023
Statement by Hayashi Yoshimasa, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan in his capacity as Chair of the G7 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting at the Munich Security Conference.
Begin Text:
The G7 Foreign Ministers of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the High Representative of the European Union met for the first time under the Japanese presidency in 2023 and underlined their commitment to upholding the international order based on the rule of law.
The G7 members expressed their deepest condolences to the people of Türkiye and Syria as they contend with the effects of the February 6 earthquake. The G7 members are working together with partners to ensure needed humanitarian, crisis response, and technical assistance are made available unfettered. They therefore underscored the importance of full implementation of the decision to expand humanitarian access to Northwest Syria.
Nearly a year to the day after Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the G7 members reaffirmed their unwavering solidarity with Ukraine for as long as it takes. They welcomed Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba’s participation in the meeting and Ukraine’s commitment to a just and lasting peace as demonstrated through President Zelenskyy’s remarks at the G20 Summit in November 2022. They committed to actively working with Ukraine to this end. They condemned in the strongest possible terms the Russian government’s unprovoked and brutal war of aggression against Ukraine. They urged Russia to immediately and unconditionally withdraw all forces and equipment from Ukraine and respect Ukraine’s independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity within its internationally recognized borders. Members of the United Nations must refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state in accordance with the United Nations Charter. They committed to, above all, defending this core principle against Russia’s aggression, for the benefit of not only Ukraine, but the entire international community.
The G7 members condemned Russia’s continued attacks on Ukrainian civilians and critical infrastructure. They underscored that there must be no impunity for war crimes and other atrocities, including attacks on civilian populations and infrastructure as well as the filtration operations and forced deportations of Ukrainian civilians to Russia. They reemphasized their commitment to holding all those responsible to account, including President Putin and the Russian leadership, in accordance with international law.
The G7 members remained committed to maintaining and intensifying sanctions on Russia to constrain its war effort and on those states providing material support for Russia’s illegal war
against Ukraine. They expected third states not to evade and undermine these measures, and called on third parties to cease assistance to the Russian military and its affiliated forces, or face severe costs.
The G7 members are committed to alleviating the global suffering caused by Russia’s war and the Russian government’s weaponization of energy and food. They reaffirmed the critical importance of continuing and expanding the Black Sea Grain Initiative and stressed the need for Russian authorities to increase the pace of inspections and operations to meet global demand. They denounced Russia’s continuous use of information manipulation and disinformation campaigns unfolded globally that seek to shift blame to others.
The G7 members reaffirmed their resolve to continue supporting Ukraine in exercising its right to defend itself against Russia’s invasion, including by providing military and defense assistance. They highlighted concerted efforts by G7+ partners in providing energy assistance to mitigate the effects of Russia’s brutal attacks on civilians and critical infrastructure.
The G7 members reiterated, while recalling that no nuclear weapon has been used for 77 years, that Russia’s irresponsible nuclear rhetoric is unacceptable and that any use of chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons or related materials would be met with severe consequences. They condemned Russia’s continued seizure and militarization of the Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant and called for the immediate withdrawal of Russian forces and personnel. They underscored their full support for the International Atomic Energy Agency’s efforts to address nuclear safety, security and safeguards concern in Ukraine.
The G7 members condemned in the strongest terms the launch of yet another Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) conducted on February 18, 2023 by North Korea. This act is in blatant violation of UN Security Council Resolutions (UNSCRs) and threatens regional and international peace and security. They strongly urged North Korea to fully comply with all obligations arising from the relevant UNSCRs. North Korea’s reckless behavior demands a unified response by the international community, including further significant measures taken by the UN Security Council. They called on all states to fully and effectively implement all UNSCRs.
The G7 members also reaffirmed their shared commitment to maintaining a free and open Indo-Pacific, which is inclusive and based on the rule of law, shared principles, territorial integrity, transparency, the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the peaceful resolution of disputes. They strongly opposed any unilateral attempts to change the status quo by force or coercion. They remained steadfast in cooperating with partners to ensure peace, security and prosperity of the world. |
发布时间：2020年12月4日
声明英文全文请见：https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/presidential-proclamation-on-human-rights-day-bill-of-rights-day-and-human-rights-week-2020/ | Nearly 250 years ago, heroes of our Revolution signed the Declaration of Independence, offering a bold enumeration of inalienable rights endowed to us by our Creator. In time, with independence secured from a tyrannical monarchy, our Nation etched these principles of liberty and equality into the law of our fledgling Nation when we ratified our Constitution. The revolutionary idea they embodied — that certain individual rights are beyond the reach of government — has resonated around the world. Today, and this week, we celebrate our sacred rights and the example they have set for the rest of history.
James Madison, who drafted the Bill of Rights text, was initially skeptical of the need to secure specific rights explicitly in the Constitution, believing the checks and balances inherent in our system of government would operate to achieve that objective. But he came to recognize the value that the Bill of Rights could provide and worked to ensure that the individual rights and freedoms of Americans were precisely enumerated in the highest law of the land. Madison was acutely aware that, while a government formed to serve its people is just and legitimate, “power, lodged as it must in human hands, will ever be liable to abuse.” Accordingly, he worked to imprint essential human rights, including the rights to peaceful assembly, freedom of speech, and free exercise of religion in our foundational legal text, empowering generations of Americans by protecting them from government abuses.
The revolutionary understanding of human rights reflected in the Declaration of Independence and encoded in our Constitution has provided a blueprint for the world in advancing individual human rights. In 1948, looking to our Bill of Rights as a model, the United Nations General Assembly established the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which recognizes the “inherent dignity” and “equal and inalienable rights” of mankind. Earlier this year, we also celebrated the 45th anniversary of the signing of the Helsinki Accords, in which the Western World acknowledged similar fundamental human freedoms in defiance of the Soviet Union.
Despite these milestones, the world is still plagued by tragic human rights abuses, including the oppression of women, forced labor, racism, and ethnic and religious persecution. My Administration continues to fight these injustices on all fronts while calling on other sovereign nations to respect the unalienable rights of their people. Earlier this year, I signed an Executive Order on Preventing Online Censorship, which protects and fosters freedom of expression for Americans on social media and other platforms and also seeks to combat human rights abuses abroad, like the mass imprisonment of religious minorities in China, which are often obscured by a cloud of false information online. Additionally, I recently signed an Executive Order on Advancing International Religious Freedom, which prioritizes this fundamental freedom in American diplomacy and recognizes that advancing religious freedom abroad is vital to combating rising levels of violence and crimes against humanity around the globe. There is no greater defender of liberty than the United States, and we will remain steadfast in our efforts.
During Human Rights Day, Bill of Rights Day, and Human Rights Week, we cherish the unique story of our Nation and celebrate the patriots who helped our country secure our fundamental rights, freedoms, and values for ourselves and our posterity. We also take pride in the role that this heritage has played in advancing and protecting human rights around the world. America’s commitment to individual liberty and human dignity is at our very core. We acknowledge that the principles set forth in the Bill of Rights are foundational, and we recommit to ensuring their legacy in our country as we continue to lead the way toward stronger human rights protections around the world.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim December 10, 2020, as Human Rights Day; December 15, 2020, as Bill of Rights Day, and the week beginning on December 6, 2020, as Human Rights Week. I call upon the people of the United States to mark these observances with appropriate ceremonies and activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and forty-fifth.
DONALD J. TRUMP |
U.S. Department of State Seal
美中双边关系：历史的教训
2019年12月12日 美国东部标准时间 下午03:42
东亚和太平洋事务局助理国务卿史达伟
战略和国际研究中心
我讲话的题目是“美中双边关系：历史的教训”。有个广为人知的中文成语叫“实事求是”。今天我想将这个原则用于美国与中国的关系史。很遗憾，这个话题并不总是实事求是地被讨论。
特别是，我想检视一下极为重要而又经常被忽略的一段美中历史：即持续数十年，美国政府为赋能中华人民共和国及援助其发展做出的极其广泛的贡献。
中国不仅曾是美国为维持世界自由秩序所做的整体努力的间接受益者。美国对中国发展的支持曾是有意、直接和具体的，采取了多种形式。我们提供了军事和情报协助。我们进行了慷慨的技术转让。我们确保了优惠的贸易和投资准入。我们赞助并安排了广泛的教育交流。我们提供了发展融资，并组织了政府对政府的能力建设。还有更多。
在我们开始详述细节之前，我要指出中国变强的最主要动力是中国人民自己。中国在最近几十年最伟大的成就反映了中国人民的聪明、才干、勇敢和开创精神。当中国共产党最终放松了在中华人民共和国最初的几十年加给中国人民的灾难性压制时，这些特点驱动了中国的发展。
当共产党领导人认识到“大跃进”“文化大革命”和毛泽东之后的混乱继任之争的失败，并采取行动放宽中国的体制之时，中国人民就能够投入工作——而美国和其他各方也热情地提供帮助。但是承认中国人民是这个故事的中心不应该让我们无视其他方的重要贡献，尤其是美国的贡献。
但是，中国政府近些年来对美国、我们的利益和我们的原则表现出越来越强的敌意。这促使美国人民和本届政府重新评估我们的一些政策。如蓬佩奥国务卿所说，“几十年来我们接纳并鼓励中国的崛起，即便这种崛起的代价是美国的价值观、西方的民主、安全和良好常识。”
北京的敌对行为并非不可避免。它不合理，它是中国领导人的选择。四十年前美国官员开启美国多方面的政策大力支持北京的现代化和自由化时，这绝不是他们想要或者期望的。
历史记录
美国愿意帮助中国实现其雄心，中华人民共和国领导人邓小平对此十分清楚，即便是在1978年12月共产党的一次工作会议上他开启“改革开放”之前。确实，在他提出 “改革开放”理念的同一天，他还接受了来自美国政府的邀请，成为中华人民共和国第一位访问美国的领导人。
接下来的一个月，美国和中国宣布了关系正常化，邓小平坐上了飞往华盛顿的飞机。我在本月早些时候在另一场演讲中提到了这个故事，但值得再说一遍：根据历史学者潘文（John Pomfret）记述，在飞机上，邓小平的外交部长问他为什么将美国作为上任后的第一个出访国家。邓小平回答，因为美国的盟友都富有和强大，如果中国想富强，就需要美国。
……在两国关系正常化的前夕，当邓小平接待白宫科学顾问弗兰克·普雷斯时，他坚持让普雷斯立即给卡特总统打电话，要求美国接收5000名学生。凌晨三点被电话吵醒的卡特回答道：“告诉他派10万名过来。”邓小平就这样做了。……截至1987年，不到十年之后，真有10万名中国学生在美国学习——这成为签证、奖学金和其他教育交流大增的一部分，这改变了中华人民共和国的科学和技术，且仍在继续。
技术是邓小平1979年第一次访美的一个重要主题。他访问了福特汽车公司、波音和NASA，在一项美国对中国的科学援助协议上签了字，还与白宫达成一致，在中国西北地区建立一个名为“栗子行动”（Operation Chestnut）的联合情报站，从而促成了更深层次的军事和情报合作。
……
天安门事件之后的确出现了一个变化，那就是中华人民共和国的领导人在学校和文化中引入了严苛的“爱国主义教育运动”。此举的目的是通过加强民族主义并将外国人——尤其是美国人和日本人——丑化为遏制中国并阻碍其崛起的所谓“敌对势力”，来强化对共产党的支持。制造关于美国敌意的不实之说这件事本身就是针对美国的敌对行为，但美国官员几乎没有注意到。
相反，我们将精力集中在了制定我们对中华人民共和国的支持政策的下一篇章上。其中力度最大、最具影响力的可能要算中华人民共和国加入世界贸易组织。
……
即便在人权上未见改善，克林顿还是开始赞成给予中华人民共和国“永久正常贸易关系”，并支持其加入世贸组织。他信奉一个理念， 是美国在对中华人民共和国贸易中长久以来所秉持的，后来也成了信条，那就是：如果我们扩大与中国的国际贸易联系，中国必然会在政治上自由化，有利于 中国人民、人权事业和整个世界。
这种观点在 美国发挥不可或缺的作用、使得中国加入世贸组织的过程中主导着美国的思维。加入世贸组织对于中华人民共和国的雄心来说如同火箭燃料，让中国获得国际市场准入，将其变为世界制造业和出口大国。没有什么政策措施比这更能让中华人民共和国变强。
同时，像其他许多方面一样，帮助中国加入世贸组织时，我们刻意忽略了中华人民共和国不恰当的贸易做法和空头承诺。正如蓬佩奥国务卿所说：“我们鼓励中国加入世界贸易组织和其他国际组织，前提是中国承诺进行市场改革并遵守这些组织的规则。而很多时候，中国从未履行承诺。”
……慷慨的技术援助是几十年来美国政策的优先事项。甚至在关系正常化之前，卡特总统就发布了第43号总统令，指示联邦机构支持中华人民共和国在教育、能源、农业、太空、地球科学、商业和公共卫生方面的能力建设。很快，在华盛顿DC ，几乎所有的机构和办公室都有项目提供培训和专门的知识，从而加强中国政府的能力，扩大贸易，并从总体上帮助中华人民共和国融入全球事务。这些项目持续了数十年，直到今天。没有其他国家像中华人民共和国这样获得了如此大规模的美国能力建设援助。
同样，美国政府还协助美国企业来帮助北京。20世纪90年代，美国的投资银行与中华人民共和国领导人一道工作，创立中国移动等大型国有公司，而后通过在纽约和伦敦等地上市来集资。同时，尽管这些公司尚未达到基本监管要求，美国的政策仍允许其从美国投资者那里筹集资金。数百亿美元流入中国政府国库。
20世纪90年代，美国还为中国的公民社会提供了援助——我应强调的是，这是应中华人民共和国政府的要求。亚洲基金会和福特基金会与中国政府官员在经济改革、国际关系和北京自身的海外援助项目上合作。1998年，卡特中心与中国民政部签署了谅解备忘录，帮助开展实验性的农村选举。美国律师协会花了二十年与中华人民共和国的法官、官员和律师一道努力，开展刑事司法改革和法律培训，并打击家庭暴力。国际小母牛组织帮助成千上万的中国农民以更加可持续的方式饲养牲畜。这些努力往往得到了美国政府的资助——以透明的方式，并且符合北京自己的政策。
遗憾的是，中华人民共和国对外国公民社会团体已经变得不友好。如今，北京将外国非政府组织描绘成阴险的颠覆者，而非中国发展的伙伴。并不是非政府组织改变了，而是北京变了。它失去了过去对增加开放度、透明度和对外联系曾有的热情。中国共产党也不愿与外界分享中国发展的任何功劳，以免其主要角色遭到削弱。因此，当前北京宣称，美国公民社会团体是破坏中国的“黑手”。北京还在2016年实施了一项旨在从中国驱逐外国非政府组织的法律，而这项法律恰恰做到了这点——非政府组织的数量从2016年的7000个减少到如今的数百个。
……乔治·W·布什总统和巴拉克·欧巴马总统如他们的前任们一样，都对北京行为的有些方面有所关切，他们两人都采取了措施防范北京带来的风险。但是，他们都确保了美国从根本上作为伙伴和支持者与中华人民共和国打交道。
即使在北京舞弊以及美国对中国的累计贸易逆差激增至4万亿美元以上时，他们两人都扩大了与中华人民共和国的贸易和技术关系。尽管北京经常破坏重要国际组织的使命和精神，两人都支持提升北京在这些国际组织的地位。两人都相信了北京的说辞：双边关系里的麻烦问题可以通过更多的外交盛会和高级别对话来解决。并且两人都欢迎了越来越多的中国学生，到2015年，美国有大约27万名中国学生。在此郑重指出，现在在美国的中国大学生人数已达到37万人之多，与北京的宣称恰恰相反。
美国有着追求与中国和中国人民友谊的长期历史，我们为此感到自豪。在美国和中华人民共和国关系正常化的第40个年头，值得一提的是，对中国和中国人民，美国所展现的乐观与友谊可以追溯到几个世纪以前。19世纪，美国传教士在中国设立了医院和大学。在19世纪后期，美国外交官支持“门户开放”政策，然后在1909年设立了“庚子赔款奖学金”，种下了清华大学的种子。第二次世界大战期间，上千名美国士兵牺牲生命保卫中国，以支持我们的盟友承诺，并抵抗了一股扩张主义的侵略势力。战后，美国坚持中国得到联合国创始成员国中的一席，在安理会中拥有否决权。
结论
因此很自然地，四十年前当中华人民共和国一转向改革开放，美国就伸出我们的友谊之手。而北京现在宣称，美国面向中华人民共和国所展示的新竞争姿态暴露出要打压中国这个国家的愿望，这是彻底虚假的。相反地，我们当前的姿态是基于对中国共产党领导人的失望，因为他们决定以这种具有攻击性的、一贯的恶意回应我们的善意。
我想要我们的关系是良好、丰富和互利的。任何想要美中关系友好的人都应该揭露和反对旨在激发敌意的宣传。对这种虚假信息予以反击有利于具有建设性的关系。孔子强调“正名”的美德。同样，我们想要澄清记录——有信心如果澄清了，这将化解，而不是助长敌意。
几年前，我在北京担任美国驻华武官。由于我的姓氏，我遇到了一群中国爱国者，他们组织了一个激动人心的项目，名为“国家记忆”。他们的工作开始于1999年，当时其中一位创建人偶然碰到了一张老照片，这张照片很显然是在中国拍摄的，是美国陆军的牧师在为麦克默里少校举行葬礼，有美中两国军事人员参加。我的朋友不相信，尝试查阅自己国家档案中第二次世界大战的记录，但没有成功。但是他可以查阅美国国家档案馆，因此他找到了第二次世界大战期间美中作为盟友合作的6万张数字化照片。 ……然而，一直以来，北京官方的说法仍然是美国一直对中国怀有敌意。
未来，美国将继续寻求与中国的良好关系，我们期望北京能够做出对等的回应。我们仍然认为，这是中国人民想要和寻求的。为了事实和友好关系起见，北京应该承认我在这里概述的美国提供的帮助和支持的历史。这是基于这样一种信念，即美中合作并加强现有的全球秩序让中国和世界得以改善。无论如何，美国人将努力对我们的历史和未来保持清醒的认识。 | Introduction
Good afternoon. Thank you to CSIS for inviting me – and for rescheduling this speech after I had to miss our initial date last week.
The title of my remarks is “U.S.-China Bilateral Relations: The Lessons of History.” There is a well-known Chinese idiom, “Seek truth from facts.” Today I’d like to apply this principle to the history of America’s relations with China. This is a subject that unfortunately isn’t always discussed truthfully or factually.
In particular, I’d like to examine a part of U.S.-China history that is hugely important and yet often overlooked: Namely, the vast range of official U.S. contributions, sustained over decades, to empowering the People’s Republic of China and aiding its development.
U.S. Support for China’s Development
Why recount this history? First of all, if we don’t acknowledge it, we can’t claim to understand the current state of U.S.-Chinese relations. Second, the history is colorful and dramatic, involving secret presidential directives, sensitive diplomacy, and some of the most consequential economic and technological shifts the world has ever seen.
Third and most important: Recounting this history refutes the false claims of propagandists who claim that the Trump Administration’s competitive posture toward Beijing is motivated by longstanding American animus, or a desire to keep China down. The fact is that for decades, American policymakers have extended the hand of friendship to the PRC—yet Beijing has not reciprocated. The historical record shows this clearly.
When commentators occasionally discuss how American policy has contributed to China’s empowerment, they often focus on America’s general role in sustaining a free and open international order, including open sea lanes for international trade. Their point is that, in sustaining this international order, America provided China with a peaceful and stable external environment in which to grow. This is indeed a big part of the story, and to create and preserve that international order required enormous U.S. investments in blood, treasure, and ideas. But there is far more to the story than that.
China was not just the indirect beneficiary of general American efforts to sustain a liberal world order. S. support for China’s development was deliberate, direct and specific. It took many forms. We provided military and intelligence assistance. We made generous technology transfers. We ensured preferential trade and investment access. We sponsored and arranged for vast educational exchanges. We provided development financing and organized government-to-government capacity building. And more.
Now before we get into details, I want to note that the primary drivers of China’s strengthening were the Chinese people themselves. China’s greatest achievements in recent decades reflect the intelligence, talents, and courageous and entrepreneurial spirit of the Chinese. Those traits fueled China’s growth when the Chinese Communist Party finally loosened the disastrous stranglehold that it had placed on the people during the PRC’s first decades.
Once Communist Party leaders recognized the failures of the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and the chaotic fight for succession after Mao, and moved to liberalize China’s system, China’s people were able to get to work – and the United States and others were enthusiastic to help. But acknowledging the centrality of the Chinese people in this story shouldn’t blind us to the important contributions of others, especially the contributions of the United States.
Yet the PRC has acted in recent years with increasing hostility toward the United States, our interests, and our principles. This has prompted the American people and the current administration to reevaluate some of our policies. As Secretary Pompeo has said, “We accommodated and encouraged China’s rise for decades, even when that rise was at the expense of American values, Western democracy, security, and good common sense.”
Beijing’s hostile behavior was not inevitable. It is not justified. It is a choice by Chinese leaders. It is by no means what American officials desired or expected forty years ago, when they initiated the multifaceted U.S. policy of intense support for Beijing’s modernization and liberalization.
The Historical Record
America’s willingness to help China achieve its ambitions was clear to PRC leader Deng Xiaoping even before he inaugurated the era of “reform and opening” at a Communist Party work conference in December 1978. Indeed, on the very day he presented the “reform and opening” idea, he also accepted an invitation from the U.S. government to become the first PRC leader to visit America.
By the next month, the U.S. and China had announced normalization of their relations and Deng was on an airplane to Washington. I mentioned this story in another speech earlier this month, but it bears repeating: On the airplane, as historian John Pomfret records, Deng’s foreign minister asked him why he picked the United States for his first trip as leader. Because, answered Deng, America’s allies are all rich and strong, and if China wanted to be rich and strong, it needed America.
For Deng, the engineer of China’s modernization and prosperity, it was clear that America could be relied on to help. Deng was pushing longstanding PRC plans for “four modernizations.” These addressed science and technology, industry, agriculture and defense. The U.S. would help in all four areas, and then some.
And it produced results. After the horrific privations caused by the Cultural Revolution, Deng Xiaoping intensely desired that Chinese students would study in the United States. When Deng received a visit from White House science advisor Frank Press in the run-up to normalization, he insisted that Press call President Carter immediately with a request to accept 5,000 students. Awakened by the call at 3 a.m., Carter replied, “Tell him to send a hundred thousand.” So he did.
By 1987, less than 10 years later, there were indeed 100,000 Chinese students studying in America – part of a boom in visas, scholarships, and other educational exchange that transformed science and technology in the PRC. It is still booming.
Technology was a key theme of Deng’s 1979 first trip to America, as he visited Ford Motor Company, Boeing, and NASA. He signed an agreement for U.S. aid to science in China. And he agreed with the White House to establish a joint intelligence station in northwest China known as Operation Chestnut. It led to deeper military and intelligence cooperation.
Several months after Deng’s trip, Vice President Mondale visited China and told Deng, “We have insisted repeatedly, and I will state it again: We strongly believe in the importance of a strong China.” Mondale showed it by previewing a major accommodation on trade policy and human rights: The United States would grant the PRC most-favored-nation trading status, cutting tariffs on Chinese goods to the preferential level offered to friends and allies, even though Beijing did not meet the political and civil rights standards required for that status under U.S. law. Creating this kind of exception for the PRC would become a common U.S. practice.
The Carter administration also used America’s leading position at the World Bank to clear the path for China’s membership in 1980. Beijing began receiving World Bank loans the following year. It has since received some $62 billion, making it the world’s second-largest beneficiary of World Bank support.
After Carter left office many U.S. foreign policies changed, but the approach to aiding China’s modernization endured. It even intensified. The Reagan Administration helped the PRC especially in the military and technology domains.
In 1981, President Reagan issued National Security Decision Directive (NSDD) 11, opening the path to sell the PRC air, ground, naval and missile technology. This built on Carter’s 1980 authorization of the sale to the PRC of nonlethal military equipment. In 1983, Reagan’s NSDD 76 authorized “peaceful” nuclear cooperation to boost Beijing’s civilian nuclear program. By the mid-1980s, the U.S. had agreed to sell the PRC hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of torpedoes, anti-artillery radar and other military systems and equipment.
In 1986, the U.S. and China announced the “Peace Pearl” program to modernize China’s F-8 jet fighters with sophisticated navigation, radar and other electronics. Peace Pearl, the Pentagon said, would “improve the security of a friendly country which has been an important force for political stability and economic progress in Asia and the world.”
The Reagan Administration loosened controls on the export of technology to the PRC in 1983, again furthering work that began in the Carter years. Before a 1984 visit by PRC Premier Zhao Ziyang, Reagan signed NSDD 120, directing the Administration “to lend support to China’s ambitious modernization effort, especially through our liberalized technology transfer policy.” That classified policy document stated that the U.S. seeks “a strong, secure, and stable China” that “can be an increasing force for peace, both in Asia and the world.”
In 1986 the Reagan administration even helped the PRC establish research efforts in genetic engineering, automation, biotech, lasers, space technology, manned spaceflight, intelligent robotics, and supercomputers. That year the U.S. also worked with Japan and others to usher Beijing into the Asian Development Bank, which later extended the PRC $40 billion in loans for transport, energy, water, agriculture, finance and other projects.
Now let’s recall that, in this first decade after normalization in 1979, as in the years immediately before 1979, a key consideration in America’s China policy was the Cold War, in which the PRC was a counterweight to the Soviet Union. But even when the Cold War ended, the U.S. policy toward the PRC remained highly favorable.
As the Cold War was ending, U.S. leaders went out of their way to show their intention to remain committed to China. Recall the George H.W. Bush Administration’s response to the Tiananmen massacre of 1989. Here was a brutally violent refutation of the optimistic notion that modernization by the Chinese Communist Party would also mean political liberalization. Nevertheless, President Bush decided not to fundamentally reassess U.S. relations with the PRC.
The senior President Bush suspended new arms sales but decided to follow through on many existing programs (including Peace Pearl, which was terminated later by the Chinese side, not the U.S.). President Bush also opposed economic sanctions favored by a majority of members of Congress. “Now is the time,” he told the public, “to look beyond the moment to important and enduring aspects of this vital relationship for the United States.” Though the Administration announced it had suspended high-level contacts with the PRC, Bush dispatched his National Security Advisor on a secret mission to Beijing carrying letters that stressed the importance of getting “our relationship back on track.”
And so the two sides did. That measured U.S. response to the massacre reflected a hopeful and accommodationist frame of mind that continued to shape U.S. policy toward the PRC for years to come.
Across decades, we accommodated the PRC’s human rights abuses without significant protest. We mostly shrugged at the PRC’s proliferation of nuclear and missile technology to Pakistan, Iran, North Korea and others. We largely overlooked the PRC’s diversion of U.S.-origin dual-use technology into its military. We offered little opposition to the PRC’s theft of intellectual property, piracy of trademarked goods, and countless other unfair trade practices. Policymaking requires balancing interests, and we often had reasons to let this or that PRC offense go unanswered, but the consequences mounted.
Following Tiananmen, one change that did come was that PRC leaders introduced a harsh “patriotic education campaign” into the schools and culture. The aim was to shore up support for the Communist Party by playing to nationalism and vilifying foreigners—especially Americans and Japanese—as so-called “hostile forces” seeking to contain China and block its rise. Stoking this mythology of U.S. hostility was itself a hostile act against the United States. But U.S. officials barely took notice.
Instead, we concentrated on producing the next chapter in our policy of support for the PRC. This was probably the most favorable and consequential of all: PRC accession to the World Trade Organization.
President Bill Clinton entered office highly critical of Beijing’s human-rights record. He promised to reestablish the link between the PRC’s trade privileges and human rights, as the Jackson-Vanik Amendment concerning “most-favored-nation” status had intended. By mid-1994, though, Clinton dropped that insistence.
Clinton began to favor bestowing on the PRC “permanent normal trade relations” and backing its membership in the WTO, even if there weren’t improvements in human rights. He embraced an idea, long part of U.S. thinking about trade with the PRC, that became dogma: If we expanded international trade links with it, China would inevitably liberalize politically, benefiting the Chinese people, the cause of human rights and the world in general.
This view dominated thinking as the U.S. played an indispensable role in bringing about Beijing’s WTO accession. And WTO accession was rocket fuel for the PRC’s ambitions, giving it the global market access that turned China into the world’s manufacturing and export powerhouse. No policy measure has strengthened the PRC more.
And, like so much else, helping China enter the WTO involved our purposefully ignoring PRC improper trade practices and empty promises. As Secretary Pompeo has said, “We encouraged China’s membership in the World Trade Organization and other international organizations, premised on their commitment to adopt market reforms and abide by the rules of those organizations. And all too often, China never followed through.”
The friendly U.S. approach to China in the 1990s was evident when Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan visited Beijing in October 1994. “It is very important to the United States as well as to the whole world that China succeed,” Greenspan told PRC Premier Zhu Rongji. “Therefore, we’re willing to provide as much assistance as we can to your central bank in those technical areas in which we have many years of experience.”
Generous technical assistance was a U.S. policy priority for decades. Even before normalization, President Carter issued Presidential Directive 43 instructing federal agencies to support PRC capacity-building in education, energy, agriculture, space, geosciences, commerce, and public health. Soon there was hardly an agency or office in Washington, D.C. without a program to provide training and know-how to strengthen PRC government capacity, expand trade, and generally aid PRC integration into global affairs. These programs lasted for decades, into the current day. No other country has received such an outpouring of U.S. capacity-building aid as the PRC has.
The U.S. government similarly helped American business help Beijing. In the 1990s, American investment banks worked with PRC leaders to create state-owned megafirms such as China Mobile and then raise money via stock listings in places like New York and London. U.S. policy meanwhile allowed them to raise money from U.S. investors despite not meeting basic regulatory requirements. Tens of billions of dollars flowed into PRC state coffers.
The 1990s also saw U.S. aid to Chinese civil society—at the request, I should stress, of the PRC government. The Asia Foundation and Ford Foundation partnered with PRC officials on economic reform, international relations, and Beijing’s own overseas assistance programs. The Carter Center signed an MOU with Beijing’s Ministry of Civil Affairs in 1998 to help with experimental village elections. The American Bar Association spent two decades working with PRC judges, officials, and lawyers on criminal justice reform, legal training, and combating domestic violence. Heifer International helped thousands of Chinese farmers raise livestock more sustainably. Such efforts often received funding from the U.S. government—transparently, and in alignment with Beijing’s own policies.
Unfortunately, the PRC has grown inhospitable to foreign civil-society groups. Beijing today paints foreign NGOs as insidious subversives, not partners in Chinese development. It’s not that the NGOs have changed. Beijing has. It has lost its former enthusiasm for more openness, transparency, and foreign links. Nor is the CCP keen to share any credit with outsiders for China’s development, lest the starring role of the Party be diminished. So, Beijing today claims that U.S. civil-society groups are a “black hand” undermining China. Beijing also enforces a 2016 law designed to drive foreign NGOs from China, and which has done just that—reducing the number of NGOs from 7,000 in 2016 to a few hundred today.
These weren’t the outcomes sought by U.S. leaders before the 1990s or since. Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama both had concerns about aspects of Beijing’s behavior, as their predecessors had, and both took measures to hedge against risks posed by Beijing. But both ensured that the United States engaged the PRC fundamentally as a partner and supporter.
Both expanded trade and technology ties with the PRC, even as Beijing cheated and the U.S. trade deficit with China soared above a cumulative $4 trillion. Both supported elevating’s Beijing status in important international organizations, even as Beijing often subverted the mission and spirit of these organizations. Both believed the Beijing line that irritants in the bilateral relationship could be worked out via ever more diplomatic pageantry and high-level dialogues. And both welcomed more and more PRC students, with some 270,000 in America by 2015. And for the record, the number of PRC university students in the United States is now a whopping 370,000, contrary to Beijing’s allegations.
We are proud of America’s long record of pursuing friendship with China and the Chinese people. In this 40th year since U.S.-PRC normalization, it’s worth recalling that U.S. optimism and friendship toward China and the Chinese people dates back centuries. American missionaries established hospitals and universities in China in the 1800s. American diplomats backed the Open Door policy in the late 1800s, then set up the Boxer Indemnity Scholarship in 1909 that seeded Tsinghua University. American soldiers defended China during World War II, sacrificing thousands of lives to support our alliance commitments and resist an expansionist and aggressive force. After the war, America insisted that China receive a seat among the founding members of the United Nations with a veto on the Security Council.
Conclusion
So it was natural that, once the PRC turned to reform and opening forty years ago, America would extend our hand in friendship. And it is altogether bogus that Beijing today claims that America’s new competitive posture toward the PRC betrays a desire to keep China down as a nation. On the contrary, our posture today is based on disappointment that Chinese Communist Party leaders decided to respond to our good faith with such aggressive and consistent bad faith.
I have reviewed this history not as an opponent of good U.S.-Chinese relations. On the contrary, I want our relations to be good, rich and mutually beneficial. Anyone who wants friendly U.S.-China relations should expose and oppose propaganda designed to stimulate hostility. Pushing back on such misinformation is in the interest of constructive ties. Confucius highlighted the virtue of the “rectification of names.” Likewise, we want the record to be clear –confident that if it is, it will defuse, not foster, hostility.
A personal story illustrates the point. Some years ago, I was the U.S. Defense Attaché in Beijing. Because of my last name, I met a group of Chinese patriots who put together a stirring project called “National Memories.” Their work began in 1999, when one of the founders came across an old photo, clearly taken in China, of a U.S. Army chaplain conducting a funeral for a Major McMurray, with a mix of U.S. and Chinese military personnel in attendance. In disbelief, my friend tried to access World War II records in his own national archives, without success. But he could access the U.S. National Archives, so he found 60,000 digitized photos of U.S.-China cooperation as allies in World War II. He has since published these photos in multiple books and venues, including here in Washington. And yet, all along, the official narrative out of Beijing remains that the U.S. has always been hostile to China.
Going forward, the United States will continue to seek good relations with China, and we expect Beijing to reciprocate. We continue to believe that this is what the Chinese people want and seek. In the interests of truth and of friendly ties, Beijing should acknowledge the history of American helpfulness and support that I have outlined here. It was the result of the belief that China and the world are improved when China and America cooperate and strengthen the existing global order. In all events, Americans will strive to remain clear-eyed about our history and our future.
Thank you. |
迈克尔·蓬佩奥（MICHAEL R. POMPEO）国务卿声明
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿特区
2021年1月5日
今天，美国对与伊朗金属工业有关的17家公司和一名个人实施制裁。伊朗政权利用金属行业的收入资助其在世界各地破坏稳定的活动。
国务院根据2012年《伊朗自由和反扩散法》（Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act）第1245条第(a)(1)(C)(i)(II) 项条款，将中国的开封平煤新型炭材料科技有限公司（Kaifeng Pingmei New Carbon Materials Technology Co., LTD [KFCC]）和伊朗伊斯兰共和国航运公司（Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines [IRISL]）子公司哈菲兹船务有限公司（Hafez Darya Arya Shipping Company [HDASCO]）列入制裁名单。两家公司均在知情情况下，直接或间接地向伊朗或者从伊朗出售、提供、转运石墨，而且向或者从一个被列入财政部特别指定国民名单（Specially Designated Nationals List）的伊朗人（南卡瓦钢铁公司 [South Kaveh Steel Company]和Arfa钢铁公司[Arfa Iron and Steel Company]）出售、提供或转运这些石墨。国务院还对哈菲兹船务有限公司的一名主要执行官马吉德·萨德（Majid Sajdeh）实施制裁。
财政部根据《第13871号行政命令》（Executive Order [E.O.)]13871），进一步将16家活跃在伊朗金属行业的公司列入制裁名单。根据《第13871号行政命令》第1条第(a)(i)项条款，伊朗的帕萨加德钢铁集团（Pasargad Steel Complex），以及Vian钢铁联合公司（Vian Steel Complex）、吉兰钢铁集团公司（ Gilan Steel Complex Company）、Khazar钢铁公司（Khazar Steel Co.）、South Rouhina钢铁联合公司（South Rouhina Steel Complex）、Yazd工业建筑轧钢厂（Yazd Industrial Constructional Steel Rolling Mill）、West Alborz钢铁联合公司（West Alborz Steel Complex）、Esfarayen工业联合体（Esfarayen Industrial Complex）、Bonab钢铁工业园区（Bonab Steel Industry Complex）、Sirjan伊朗钢铁公司（Sirjan Iranian Steel）、Zarand伊朗钢铁公司（Zarand Iranian Steel Company），及中东矿业工业发展股份有限公司（Middle East Mines and Mineral Industries Development Holding Company）因经营伊朗钢铁业，或者拥有或掌控伊朗钢铁业中的公司而被列为制裁对象。
此外，根据《第13871号行政命令》第1条第(a)(iv)项条款，由中东矿业工业发展股份有限公司所有或掌控的设在德国的GMI Projects Hamburg GmbH公司，设在英国的GMI Projects Ltd.公司，以及设在中国的World Mining Industry Co., Ltd.公司，被列入制裁名单。财政部同时还根据《第13871号行政命令》第1条第(a)(iv)项条款，将向帕萨加德钢铁集团及一名基于《第13871号行政命令》财产和财产利益被封冻的人提供了实质协助、赞助，或者金融、物质、技术支持，或者物资或服务支持的开封平煤新型炭材料科技有限公司列入制裁名单。
美国将继续大力针对伊朗政权，对逃避制裁者以及那些让该政权得以资助和实行其压制和恐怖恶毒计划的人实施制裁。 | Press Statement
MICHAEL R. POMPEO, SECRETARY OF STATE
JANUARY 5, 2021
Today, the United States is imposing sanctions on 17 companies and one individual in connection with Iran’s metals industry. The Iranian regime uses revenue from its metals sector to fund the regime’s destabilizing activities around the world.
The Department of State is designating China-based Kaifeng Pingmei New Carbon Materials Technology Co., LTD (KFCC) and Iran-based Hafez Darya Arya Shipping Company (HDASCO), a subsidiary of the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines (IRISL), pursuant to Section 1245(a)(1)(C)(i)(II) of the Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act of 2012 (IFCA). Both companies knowingly sold, supplied, or transferred, directly or indirectly, graphite to or from Iran and such graphite was sold, supplied, or transferred to or from an Iranian person (South Kaveh Steel Company and Arfa Iron and Steel Company) included on the Department of Treasury’s Specially Designated Nationals List. The State Department is also imposing sanctions on Majid Sajdeh, who is a principal executive officer of HDASCO.
The Department of the Treasury further designated 16 companies that are active in Iran’s metal industry, pursuant to Executive Order (E.O.) 13871. Iran-based Pasargad Steel Complex, and Vian Steel Complex, Gilan Steel Complex Company, Khazar Steel Co., South Rouhina Steel Complex, Yazd Industrial Constructional Steel Rolling Mill, West Alborz Steel Complex, Esfarayen Industrial Complex, Bonab Steel Industry Complex, Sirjan Iranian Steel, Zarand Iranian Steel Company, and Middle East Mines and Mineral Industries Development Holding Company were designated pursuant to Section 1(a)(i) of E.O. 13871 for operating in the steel sector of Iran, or for owning or controlling companies that operate in the steel sector of Iran.
Additionally, Germany-based GMI Projects Hamburg GmbH, UK-based GMI Projects Ltd., and China-based World Mining Industry Co., Ltd. were designated pursuant to Section 1(a)(v) of E.O. 13871 for being owned or controlled by Middle East Mines and Mineral Industries Development Holding Company. Treasury is also concurrently designating KFCC pursuant to Section 1(a)(iv) of E.O. 13871 for having materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services in support of, Pasargad Steel Complex, a person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to E.O. 13871.
The United States will continue to aggressively implement sanctions with respect to the Iranian regime, those who evade sanctions, and others who enable the regime to fund and carry out its malign agenda of repression and terror. |
美国驻联合国使团
新闻与公共外交办公室
2023年7月21日
谢谢您，主席女士。感谢格里菲斯（Griffiths）副秘书长和迪卡洛（DiCarlo）副秘书长令人警醒的通报。我还要对厄瓜多尔和法国发起召开这次重要会议表示感谢。
各位同仁，俄罗斯的卑劣行径似乎每一周都会变本加厉。上周，俄罗斯单方面阻止了向急需救援的叙利亚人提供跨境援助的折衷决议，而本周，俄罗斯中止参与《黑海谷物倡议》（Black Sea Grain Initiative）；该倡议一直帮助为全球最弱势的人口提供粮食，特别是中东和非洲地区的人口。我们听到一位通报情况的人称，这是微不足道的，但我们不妨问问那些正在接受援助的人们，看看他们是否认为这是微不足道的。
就在本周三，克里姆林宫向乌克兰港口发动导弹和无人机攻击，导致平民伤亡，并炸毁了6万吨粮食 ——6万吨粮食。据世界粮食计划署（World Food Program）估计，这足够超过27万人吃一年的。
本周，俄罗斯还宣布，所有在黑海水域前往乌克兰港口的船只都将被视为潜在的运载军用货物的船只，而根据《黑海谷物倡议》所规定的检查本可以避免这种情况。但就在昨晚，有报道称俄罗斯在敖德萨地区发动了又一轮攻击。
俄罗斯正在对全球粮食供应发动战争。在粮食需求如此急迫之际，它正在向穷困人口发动战争。你们已经听到了，民众很愤怒。而且有人会因此而死亡。
美国获悉，俄罗斯军队可能会扩大对乌克兰粮食设施的攻击，并将对黑海的民用船只也发动攻击。
我们的信息还表明，俄罗斯在乌克兰港口附近的水域布设了更多的水雷。我们认为这是一种蓄谋的协同行动，企图为在黑海地区对民用船只进行攻击制造借口，并将责任归咎于乌克兰。
在普京总统全面入侵乌克兰500多天之后，人们容易变得麻木——对俄罗斯的残酷攻势麻木。但我们不能麻木。这不正常。这不是负责任的国家或安理会常任理事国的做法。
安理会的职责是维护国际和平与安全。但俄罗斯破坏了全世界的和平与安全。它的行为与安理会所代表的一切背道而驰。
俄罗斯从对乌克兰发动无端、非法的战争一开始，就将粮食武器化。俄罗斯军队把乌克兰连绵的麦田变成战场。他们用地雷和炸弹毁坏了田地，他们偷盗并摧毁了重要的农业设备和基础设施。
莫斯科必须停止对乌克兰农田和基础设施的攻击。即使在俄罗斯是《黑海谷物倡议》的一员时，它也拒绝全面实施这一安排，并经常阻挠满载粮食的船只离港。
尽管如此，《黑海谷物倡议》仍然产生了实效。它帮助世界各地的人们获得口粮。这绝非像有人要我们相信的那样微不足道。
这一安排为全球粮食市场带来了稳定，降低了所有人的粮食价格。它加强了世界粮食计划署在阿富汗、索马里和也门等地的人道主义工作。它使3200万吨乌克兰谷物和食品得到出口。这相当于180亿个面包。
我们知道，通过这一安排出口的粮食有三分之二以上运往发展中国家。根据这一安排离开黑海的第一艘船只为黎巴嫩送去了粮食。从那时起，由于《黑海谷物倡议》的作用，货船将粮食运到了从苏丹到埃塞俄比亚以及利比亚的非洲和中东各地的港口。
但就在俄罗斯中断参与该倡议的当天，全球谷物价格大幅上涨。俄罗斯的出口商已经从中牟利，而数百万买不起高价粮食的人，尤其是中东和非洲的人民，则陷入困境。
明确无疑的是：俄罗斯毫无——毫无任何合理的理由中止参与这项安排。他们想让你们以为制裁阻止了他们的出口，但这与事实完全相反。他们的谷物出口比以往任何时候都多，而且价格更高。俄罗斯只是在利用黑海进行敲诈勒索。他们在玩政治游戏，他们以此胁迫全体人民。
各位同仁，联合国和土耳其已经公开表示他们希望这项安排继续下去。乌克兰也公开表示希望这项安排继续下去。全世界显然都希望这项安排继续下去。
现在，全世界的目光都集中在你们——俄罗斯身上。莫斯科现在改变其决定还为时不晚——延长、扩展并全面执行《黑海谷物倡议》。
我想借此机会感谢联合国和土耳其为维持这项安排的效力所做的一切努力。本理事会及其所有成员国必须团结一致，敦促俄罗斯本着诚意恢复谈判；而且为了全球最饥饿的人口以及全人类的福祉，必须终止在乌克兰的这场极为残酷的战争。
谢谢您，主席女士。
欲查看原稿内容: https://usun.usmission.gov/remarks-by-ambassador-linda-thomas-greenfield-at-a-un-security-council-briefing-on-the-humanitarian-impacts-of-russias-withdrawal-from-the-black-sea/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。 | Remarks by Ambassador Linda Thomas-Greenfield at a UN Security Council Briefing on Russia’s Withdrawal from the Black Sea Grain Initiative
Ambassador Linda Thomas-Greenfield
U.S. Representative to the United Nations
New York, New York
July 21, 2023
AS DELIVERED
Thank you, Madam President. And thank you, to Under-Secretary-General Griffiths and DiCarlo, for your sobering briefing. And I want to express our appreciation to Ecuador and France for calling this important meeting.
Colleagues, it seems every single week, Russia stoops to a new low. Last week, Russia unilaterally blocked the compromise resolution that would have extended cross-border assistance to Syrians in dire need. And this week, Russia suspended its participation in the Black Sea Grain Initiative, an arrangement that has helped feed the world’s most vulnerable, particularly people in the Middle East and Africa. We heard from one of our briefers that this is trivial, but ask the people who are receiving this aid if they think it’s trivial.
This Wednesday, the Kremlin unleashed missiles and drones on Ukrainian ports killing and wounding civilians, and destroying 60,000 tons of grain – 60,000 tons of grain. According to the World Food Program, that is enough to feed more than 270,000 people for a year.
This week, Russia also announced that all ships proceeding to Ukrainian ports in Black Sea waters will be considered potential carriers of military cargo, which could have been avoided with the inspections that were provided under the Initiative. And just last night, reports indicate that Russia carried out yet another round of attacks in the Odesa region.
Russia is waging war on the world’s food supply. It is waging war on the poor at a time when needs are so dire. And you’ve heard that people are angry. And people will die.
And the United States has information that the Russian military may expand its targeting of Ukrainian grain facilities to include attacks against civilian shipping in the Black Sea.
Our information also indicates that Russia laid additional sea mines in the approaches to Ukrainian ports. We believe this is a coordinated effort to justify any attacks against civilian ships in the Black Sea, and lay blame on Ukraine for these attacks.
After more than 500 days of President Putin’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, it’s easy to become numb – numb to Russia’s campaign of cruelty. But we cannot become numb. This is not normal. This is not the behavior of a responsible country, of a permanent member of this Council.
This Council is charged with maintaining international peace and security. But Russia has upended peace and security around the world. Its actions fly in the face of everything this Council stands for.
From the earliest days of its unprovoked, illegal war against Ukraine, Russia has weaponized food. Russian forces have turned Ukraine’s rolling wheat fields into battlefields. They have spoiled fields with mines and bombs, and they have stolen and destroyed vital agricultural equipment and infrastructure.
Moscow must cease its attacks on Ukraine’s agricultural land and infrastructure. Even when Russia was party to the Black Sea Grain Initiative, it refused to fully implement the arrangement, and so often obstructed ships full of food from leaving port.
Despite this, the Black Sea Grain Initiative was making a real difference. It was helping feed the world. This is not trivial, as we have been made to believe.
This arrangement has brought stability to global food markets and lowered food prices for all. It has bolstered the World Food Program’s humanitarian work in places like Afghanistan, Somalia, and Yemen. And it has facilitated the export of 32 million metric tons of Ukrainian grain and foodstuffs. That’s the equivalent of 18 billion loaves of bread.
And we know that more than two-thirds of food exports through this arrangement went to developing countries. The first ship that left the Black Sea under this arrangement brought grain to Lebanon. And since then, thanks to the Black Sea Grain Initiative, ships have brought food into ports across Africa and the Middle East, from Sudan to Ethiopia to Libya.
But the very day Russia suspended its participation in the Initiative, global grain prices rose sharply. Russian exporters are already benefitting, while millions who cannot afford higher-priced grain suffer – especially people in the Middle East and Africa.
Let’s be clear: Russia has zero – zero – legitimate reason to suspend its participation in this arrangement. They would have you believe that sanctions have blocked their exports. That couldn’t be further from the truth. They are exporting more grains than ever before, and at higher prices. Russia is simply using the Black Sea as blackmail. It’s playing political games. It’s holding humanity hostage.
Colleagues, the United Nations and Türkiye have said publicly they want this arrangement to continue. Ukraine has said publicly it wants this arrangement to continue. The world clearly wants this arrangement to continue.
Now, the eyes of the world are on you, Russia. It is not too late for Moscow to reverse its decision – and extend, expand, and fully implement the Black Sea Grain Initiative.
I want to take this opportunity to thank the United Nations and Türkiye for all they have done to try to keep this arrangement alive. This Council – and all Member States – must come together and urge Russia to resume negotiations in good faith. And end this atrocious war in Ukraine for the good of the world’s most hungry, for the good of humanity.
Thank you, Madam President.
### |
东厅（East Room）
美国东部夏令时间上午8:07
总统：谢谢你，副总统女士。
来自世界各地的全体同仁——出席这次峰会的世界领导人，早上好。我对诸位表示感谢。你们都知道，你们在这个问题上的领导作用是对你们本国人民和每一个国家的人民，特别是我们的年轻一代发出的呼声，表示我们已为迎接时势的考验做好准备。这项考验不仅关系到保护我们的星球，而且还关系到为我们所有的人提供更好的未来。
所以，当人们谈到气候问题时，我想到了工作机会。我们应对气候问题的行动孕育了创造工作机会和激发经济机会的非同寻常的动力。所以，我提议为美国基础设施和美国的发明创造进行巨额投资，抓住气候变化为我们的工人和我们的社区提供的经济机会，特别是为那些往往被遗忘和处于落后状态的人们。
我希望建设能够生产和发展清洁技术的基础设施，不仅包括我们今天能够利用的技术，而且涉及我们明天发明的技术。
我曾与专家们进行交谈，看到未来可能更繁荣和更平等的前景。种种迹象已彰名昭著。科学已无可争辩。但是无所作为的代价正日益沉重。
美国没有止步不前。我们决心采取行动，不仅是我们的联邦政府，而且包括我们全国上下各城镇和州县；小型企业、大型企业、大型公司；美国各行各业的工人队伍。
我看到有机会可以创造数百万报酬良好、中产阶级的受工会保护的工作。
我看到线路工人为清洁、现代化和适应力强的电网铺设数千英里的输电线。
我看到工人们关闭成千上万个需要清理的废旧石油和天然气钻井，停用需要重新回收利用的煤矿，堵住甲烷的泄露，努力保护我们各社区的健康。
我看到汽车工人建造下一代电动车辆，电器工人在全国各地沿高速公路建立500,000 个充电站。
我看到工程师和建筑工人们建造新的碳捕捉和绿色氢气工厂，生产更清洁的钢铁和水泥，提供清洁电力。
我看到农业从业人员采用尖端工具，使我国腹地成为下一个碳创新的前沿。
通过维持这些投资，让人们发挥才干，美国确定了将温室气体排放降低一半——在这个10年结束时削减一半的方向。这就是我们作为一个国家努力的方向，也是我们为了建设不仅使整个地球更繁荣，而且更健康、更公平和更清洁的经济需要进行的努力。
要知道，这些步骤将使美国走向不迟于在2050年实现净零排放经济。但现实是，美国占全球排放量的不到15%。我知道你们各位完全懂得，没有一个国家能靠自己化解这一危机。我们所有国家，我们所有国家——特别是我们这些世界上的最大经济体——都必须加大努力。
要知道，那些确实采取行动对自己的人民和清洁能源未来进行大胆投资的国家将成为明天好工作的赢家，他们的经济将更有韧力和竞争力。
所以，让我们来开展这场竞赛；赢得更——赢得比我们今天更可持续的未来；战胜我们时代的生存危机。我们知道这是多么至关重要，因为科学家告诉我们，这是一个决定性的十年。这是我们必须为避免气候危机的最恶劣后果拿出决定的十年。我们必须努力保持地球温度——使上升幅度限在1.5摄氏度内。
要知道，世界超过1.5度意味着会发生更频繁和更严重的火灾、水灾、干旱、热浪，飓风横扫社区，摧毁生命和谋生手段，给公共健康造成越来越恶劣的影响。
要知道，对一切在加速的认识和对如果我们无动于衷将出现什么样的现实是无法否认的。我们不能听任接受那种未来。我们必须采取行动，我们所有人。
这个峰会是我们将共同前进的第一步——如果如愿以偿，我们所有国家——今年11月将到达和通过格拉斯哥（Glasgow），联合国气候大会——气候变化大会，让我们的世界走上通向一个有保障的、繁荣和可持续的未来的道路。世界各地社区的健康有赖于它。我们工人的福祉有赖于它。我们各个经济体的实力有赖于它。
在现在采取决定性行动进而创立未来行业的国家，将会收获即将到来的清洁能源大发展所带来的经济效益。
要知道，我们来到这个峰会是要讨论我们每个人，每个国家如何可以树立更高的气候目标，从而创造收入优良的工作，推进创新技术，并且帮助易受影响的国家应对气候影响。
我们必须行动。我们必须迅速行动来迎接这些挑战。我们各国在从现在到格拉斯哥的这段时间里所采取的步骤将为世界获得成功打下基础，进而保护全球各地的生计，并将全球变暖的幅度保持在最大不超过1.5摄氏度。为此我们必须现在起步。
如果我们这样做，我们将来会呼吸得更舒畅，无论是从字面意义说，还是用作比喻都是这样；我们将在国内为数百万美国人创造良好的工作；并为将来的发展奠定有力基础。而这——这也能够是你们的目标。这是道义所必须，是经济所必须，既是一个危险关头，也是一个具有非凡可能性的时刻。
时间有限，但我相信我们能够做到。我相信我们将要做到。
感谢你们参加峰会。感谢你们的社区——你们作出的承诺，你们代表的社区。上帝保佑各位。
我期待着我们今天和今后将能共同取得进展。我们确实别无选择。我们必须将它完成。
东部夏令时间上午8:14 | White House, East Room
APRIL 22, 2021
8:07 A.M. EDT
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you, Madam Vice President.
Good morning to all of our colleagues around the world — the world leaders who are taking part in this summit. I thank you. You know, your leadership on this issue is a statement to the people of your nation and to the people of every nation, especially our young people, that we’re ready to meet this moment. And meeting this moment is about more than preserving our planet; it’s also about providing a better future for all of us.
That’s why, when people talk about climate, I think jobs. Within our climate response lies an extraordinary engine of job creation and economic opportunity ready to be fired up. That’s why I’ve proposed a huge investment in American infrastructure and American innovation to tap the economic opportunity that climate change presents our workers and our communities, especially those too often that have — left out and left behind.
I’d like to buil- — I want to build a — a critical infrastructure to produce and deploy clean technology — both those we can harness today and those that we’ll invent tomorrow.
I talked to the experts, and I see the potential for a more prosperous and equitable future. The signs are unmistakable. The science is undeniable. But the cost of inaction is — keeps mounting.
The United States isn’t waiting. We are resolving to take action — not only the — our federal government, but our cities and our states all across our country; small businesses, large businesses, large corporations; American workers in every field.
I see an opportunity to create millions of good-paying, middle-class, union jobs.
I see line workers laying thousands of miles of transmission lines for a clean, modern, resilient grid.
I see workers capping hundreds of thousands of abandoned oil and gas wells that need to be cleaned up, and abandoned coalmines that need to be reclaimed, putting a stop to the methane leaks and protecting the health of our communities.
I see autoworkers building the next generation of electric vehicles, and electricians installing nationwide for 500,000 charging stations along our highways.
I see engine- — the engineers and the construction workers building new carbon capture and green hydrogen plants to forge cleaner steel and cement and produce clean power.
I see farmers deploying cutting-edge tools to make soil of our — of our Heartland the next frontier in carbon innovation.
By maintaining those investments and putting these people to work, the United States sets out on the road to cut greenhouse gases in half — in half by the end of this decade. That’s where we’re headed as a nation, and that’s what we can do if we take action to build an economy that’s not only more prosperous, but healthier, fairer, and cleaner for the entire planet.
You know, these steps will set America on a path of net-zero emissions economy by no later than 2050. But the truth is, America represents less than 15 percent of the world’s emissions. No nation can solve this crisis on our own, as I know you all fully understand. All of us, all of us — and particularly those of us who represent the world’s largest economies — we have to step up.
You know, those that do take action and make bold investments in their people and clean energy future will win the good jobs of tomorrow, and make their economies more resilient and more competitive.
So let’s run that race; win more — win more sustainable future than we have now; overcome the existential crisis of our times. We know just how critically important that is because scientists tell us that this is the decisive decade. This is the decade we must make decisions that will avoid the worst consequences of a climate crisis. We must try to keep the Earth’s temperature and — to an increase of — to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
You know, the world beyond 1.5 degrees means more frequent and intense fires, floods, droughts, heat waves, and hurricanes tearing through communities, ripping away lives and livelihoods, increasingly dire impacts to our public health.
It’s undeniable and undevi- — you know, the idea of accelerating and the reality that will come if we don’t move. We can’t resign ourselves to that future. We have to take action, all of us.
And this summit is our first step on the road we’ll travel together — God willing, all of us — to and through Glasgow this November and the U.N. Climate Conference — the Climate Change Conf- — Conference, you know, to set our world on a path to a secure, prosperous, and sustainable future. The health of communities throughout the world depends on it. The wellbeing of our workers depends on it. The strength of our economies depends on it.
The countries that take decisive action now to create the industries of the future will be the ones that reap the economic benefits of the clean energy boom that’s coming.
You know, we’re here at this summit to discuss how each of us, each country, can set higher climate ambitions that will in turn create good-paying jobs, advance innovative technologies, and help vulnerable countries adapt to climate impacts.
We have to move. We have to move quickly to meet these challenges. The steps our countries take between now and Glasgow will set the world up for success to protect livelihoods around the world and keep global warming at a maximum of 1.5 degrees Celsius. We must get on the path now in order to do that.
If we do, we’ll breathe easier, literally and figuratively; we’ll create good jobs here at home for millions of Americans; and lay a strong foundation for growth for the future. And — and that — that can be your goal as well. This is a moral imperative, an economic imperative, a moment of peril but also a moment of extraordinary possibilities.
Time is short, but I believe we can do this. And I believe that we will do this.
Thank you for being part of the summit. Thank you for the communities that you — and the commitments you have made, the communities you’re from. God bless you all.
And I look forward to progress that we can make together today and beyond. We really have no choice. We have to get this done.
8:14 A.M. EDT |
对俄罗斯权贵、虚假信息渠道和国防企业实施制裁
美国国务院
发言人办公室
国务卿安东尼·布林肯声明
2022 年 3 月 3 日
美国继续与盟友和合作伙伴一致承诺，必将使俄罗斯政府为其侵略乌克兰的行径付出沉重经济和外交代价。我们今天的制裁目标是：俄罗斯权势人物及其金融网络和资产；为加剧乌克兰不稳定局势卖力的俄罗斯主要虚假信息渠道；以及俄罗斯联邦的国防企业，并且对俄罗斯的石油和天然气精炼行业施加进一步出口管制。这些行动清楚表明，那些支持俄罗斯公然对乌克兰发动战争的个人和实体无处躲藏。
国务院和财政部今天采取的行动针对与普京关系密切的俄罗斯最富有的一些权势人物，包括：阿利舍尔·乌斯马诺夫 (Alisher Usmanov)、鲍里斯·阿尔卡迪 (Boris Arkady) 和伊戈尔·罗滕贝格 (Igor Rotenberg)，以及他们的家人和与其有关联的实体。这些行动还针对有影响力的俄罗斯高管，包括：俄罗斯石油管道运输公司 (Transneft) 总裁尼古拉·托卡列夫 (Nikolai Tokarev)，俄罗斯国家技术集团 (Rostec) 首席执行官谢尔盖·切梅佐夫 (Sergei Chemezov)，以及俄罗斯国家开发集团 (VEB.RF) 总裁伊戈尔·舒瓦洛夫 (Igor Shuvalov)。这些个体均是普京总统核心圈子的一部分，他们以牺牲俄罗斯人民的利益为代价中饱私囊，他们的支持协助了普京选择对乌克兰发动战争。
此外，美国政府的制裁对像还包括那些参与了俄罗斯在全球，包括在乌克兰，散播虚假信息和开展破坏稳定的造势活动的个体。美国国务院根据《第14024号行政命令》 (E.O. 14024) 将俄罗斯联邦首席宣传官和弗拉基米尔·普京的发言人德米特里·佩斯科夫 (Dmitry Peskov) 指定为制裁对像。财政部外国资产控制办公室 (Office of Foreign Assets Control) 将俄罗斯权势人物叶夫根尼·普里戈津 (Yevgeniy Prigozhin) 指定为制裁对象，此人之前曾被各种制裁机构列为制裁对象。今天，外国资产控制办公室还将普里戈津的妻子波琳娜 (Polina)、女儿柳博芙 (Lyubov) 和儿子帕维尔 (Pavel) 列入制裁名单，他们在普里戈津的企业中扮演不同的角色。此外，外国资产控制办公室还将与俄罗斯在全球传播虚假信息活动有关的 26 名个体和七个实体列入制裁名单，尤其是那些得到俄罗斯情报部门支持的个体和实体。这些被制裁对象利用号称是合法新闻网站的机构，而实际上为俄罗斯联邦散布虚假信息和宣传极端民族主义。这 33个个体和实体已经根据不同行政命令和法令受到制裁，包括：《第13661号行政命令》(E.O. 13661)、《第13694号行政命令》修订案 (E.O. 13694)、《第13848号行政命令》(E.O. 13848) 以及《美国制裁敌对国家法案》(Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act) 第224(a)(l)(B) 节的有关规定。
第三，国务院通过制裁 22 家与国防相关的公司，使俄罗斯国防企业付沉重代价。这些影响深远的制裁措施针对那些为俄罗斯军方开发和生产战斗机、步兵战车、电子战系统、导弹和无人机的实体。这些制裁直捣普京战争机器的核心。
第四，商务部对那些支撑俄罗斯炼油产能的石油和天然气开采设备实施出口管制。由于俄罗斯政府的很大一部分收入来自石油和天然气销售，这些制裁行动将削弱俄罗斯增加收入以支持和维持其军事侵略的能力。这些措施也使美国在这一领域的出口管制与欧盟的出口管制保持一致。
最后，根据《移民和国籍法》(Immigration and Nationality Act) 第 212(a)(3)(C) 节规定，国务院今天宣布一项新的签证限制政策，限制向某些俄罗斯寡头及其家庭成员和密切合作者发放签证。这些寡头以指令、授权、资助、大力支持或开展恶意活动为俄罗斯破坏稳定的外交政策提供支持而著称。对于那些停止支持和参与俄罗斯政府破坏稳定活动的个体，我们可能会放松此类限制。今天根据这项政策所采取的初步行动是针对 19 名寡头及其 47 名家庭成员和密切合作者。我们将把任何继续代表克里姆林宫支持和开展破坏稳定活动的个体不断增加到这一签证限制政策名单中。我们对盟国和合作伙伴最近采取的类似行动表示欢迎。
美国赞扬我们在世界各地的盟友和合作伙伴面对俄罗斯对乌克兰的侵略保持齐心协力。我们也为保家卫国英勇作战和经受着俄罗斯无端侵略的乌克兰人民鼓劲。我们坚定地与他们站在一起，并且继续支持乌克兰政府和人民抗击克里姆林宫的侵略，我们坚定地支持乌克兰的主权、独立和领土完整。
有关今天行动的更多信息，请见国务院简报和财政部新闻发布。
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.state.gov/targeting-russian-elites-disinformation-outlets-and-defense-enterprises/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。
### | Targeting Russian Elites, Disinformation Outlets, and Defense Enterprises
PRESS STATEMENT
ANTONY J. BLINKEN, SECRETARY OF STATE
MARCH 3, 2022
The United States remains united with our allies and partners in our commitment to ensure the Government of Russia pays a severe economic and diplomatic price for its aggression against Ukraine. Today we are targeting Russian elites and their financial networks and assets, major Russian disinformation outlets that contribute to the destabilization of Ukraine, and defense enterprises of the Russian Federation, as well as imposing additional export controls on Russian oil and gas refining. These actions make it clear there is nowhere to hide for individuals and entities that support Russia’s flagrant war against Ukraine.
Today’s actions by the Department of State and the Department of the Treasury target some of the wealthiest Russian elites close to Putin: Alisher Usmanov, Boris Arkady, and Igor Rotenberg, and their family members and entities connected to them. These actions also target influential Russian executives: Nikolai Tokarev, President of Transneft; Sergei Chemezov, CEO of Rostec; and Igor Shuvalov, Chairman of VEB.RF. These individuals, part of President Putin’s inner circle, have enriched themselves at the expense of the Russian people, and their support has facilitated Putin’s war of choice against Ukraine.
Second, the U.S. government is targeting those involved in Russia’s global disinformation and destabilizing influence campaign, including in Ukraine. The Department of State is designating Dmitry Peskov, the chief propagandist of the Russian Federation and Vladimir Putin’s spokesperson, under E.O. 14024. The Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assest Control (OFAC) is designating Russian elite Yevgeniy Prigozhin, who has been previously designated under various sanctions authorities. Today, OFAC also is designating Prigozhin’s wife Polina, daughter Lyubov, and son Pavel, who play various roles in his business enterprise. In addition, OFAC is designating 26 individuals and seven entities associated with Russia’s global disinformation campaign, particularly those backed by Russian intelligence services. These targets utilize organizations that purport to serve as legitimate news sites but instead spread disinformation and ultra-nationalist propaganda for the Russian Federation. These 33 individuals and entities have been designated under various authorities, including E.O. 13661, E.O. 13694, as amended, E.O. 13848, and 224(a)(l)(B) Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (“CAATSA”).
Third, the Department of State is imposing substantial costs on Russia’s defense enterprises by sanctioning 22 defense-related firms. These far-reaching sanctions target entities that develop and produce fighter aircraft, infantry fighting vehicles, electronic warfare systems, missiles, and unmanned aerial vehicles for Russia’s military. These sanctions strike at the core of Putin’s war machine.
Fourth, the Department of Commerce is imposing export controls on oil and gas extraction equipment that support Russia’s refining capacity. Because a significant portion of the Russian government’s revenue comes from the sale of oil and gas, these actions will degrade Russia’s ability to raise revenue to support and sustain its military aggression. These measures also align U.S. export controls in this area with those of the European Union.
Finally, today the Department of State is announcing a new visa restriction policy to restrict the issuance of visas to certain Russian oligarchs, their family members, and close associates pursuant to Section 212(a)(3)(C) of the Immigration and Nationality Act. These oligarchs are known to direct, authorize, fund, significantly support, or carry out malign activities in support of Russia’s destabilizing foreign policy. Restrictions may be lifted for individuals who cease their support for and involvement in the Russian government’s destabilizing activity. In an initial action under this policy today, we are targeting 19 oligarchs and 47 family members and close associates. We will continue to add names to this visa restriction policy as long as individuals continue to support and carry out destabilizing activity on behalf of the Kremlin. We welcome recent similar actions by Allies and partners.
The United States commends the continued support of our allies and partners across the world in the face of the Russian aggression against Ukraine. We also applaud the bravery of the Ukrainian people who are fighting in defense of their country and those who must endure this unprovoked Russian invasion. We stand in solidarity with them and will continue to support the government and people of Ukraine in the face of the Kremlin’s aggression, and we are resolute in our support for Ukraine’s sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity.
For more information on today’s action, please see the Department of State’s factsheet and Department of the Treasury’s press release. |
美国东部夏令时间2023年3月13日下午04:47
安东尼·J·布林肯国务卿
今天，拜登总统、英国首相苏纳克和澳大利亚总理阿尔巴尼斯宣布了让澳大利亚在澳大利亚-英国-美国三边安全伙伴关系（AUKUS）下获得装备常规武器的核动力潜艇（SSN）的最优途径。AUKUS伙伴关系代表着我们几国之间持久的联盟和伙伴关系的现代化，引领它的是对全球繁荣、安全和稳定的共同承诺。它深化我们持久的外交、安全和防务合作来应对未来复杂的挑战。
AUKUS伙伴关系的益处还将延伸至整个印太地区。印太地区涵盖全世界一半以上人口，占全球经济的近三分之二。AUKUS伙伴关系将我们跨太平洋及印太盟友和伙伴更紧密地联系在一起，以支持在背后支撑这些目标的国际体系，从而加强我们集体的力量。
澳大利亚的潜艇舰队现代化将需要数十年时间。在我们肩并肩将机遇转化为行动之时，这项工作把我们的国家更紧密地联系在一起。澳大利亚获得装备常规武器的核动力潜艇的方式将设立最高的不扩散标准并加强核不扩散制度。这一伙伴关系得以建立，是因为有澳大利亚对核不扩散长期而明确的承诺。
21世纪的大部分历史将在印太地区书写。我们很骄傲能与整个印太地区的伙伴们站在一起，促进经济繁荣、自由和法治，同时维护每个国家不受胁迫地做出主权决定的权利。AUKUS将帮助推进我们为子孙后代缔造一个自由开放的印太地区的共同愿景。 | 03/13/2023 04:47 PM EDT
Antony J. Blinken, Secretary of State
Today, President Biden, British Prime Minister Sunak, and Australian Prime Minister Albanese announced the optimal pathway for Australia to acquire conventionally armed, nuclear-powered submarines (SSNs) under the Australia, United Kingdom, and United States (AUKUS) partnership. The AUKUS partnership represents a modernization of the longstanding alliances and partnerships between our countries, guided by a shared commitment to global prosperity, security, and stability. It deepens our longstanding diplomatic, security, and defense cooperation to meet the complex challenges of the future.
The benefits of the AUKUS partnership will also extend across the Indo-Pacific region, which is home to more than half of the world’s people and nearly two-thirds of the world’s economy. It reinforces our collective strength by weaving our transatlantic and Indo-Pacific allies and partners closer together in support of the international system that underpins these objectives.
Australia’s modernization of its submarine fleet will be a multi-decade undertaking binding our countries closer together as we actualize this opportunity side-by-side. Australia’s acquisition of conventionally armed, nuclear-powered submarines will be done in a manner that sets the highest nonproliferation standard and strengthens the nuclear nonproliferation regime. This partnership is possible because of Australia’s longstanding and demonstrated commitment to nuclear nonproliferation.
Much of the history of the 21st century will be written in the Indo-Pacific, and we are proud to stand with our partners across the region to enhance economic prosperity, freedom, and the rule of law, and to preserve the rights of each country to make sovereign decisions free from coercion. AUKUS will help advance our shared vision of a free and open Indo-Pacific region for generations to come. |
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