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15829428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-S%C3%A9bastien-de-Raids | Saint-Sébastien-de-Raids | Saint-Sébastien-de-Raids () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintsebastienderaids |
15829432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Symphorien-des-Monts | Saint-Symphorien-des-Monts | Saint-Symphorien-des-Monts () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Buais-les-Monts. Its population was 124 in 2019.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintsymphoriendesmonts |
15829436 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Senier-de-Beuvron | Saint-Senier-de-Beuvron | Saint-Senier-de-Beuvron is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintsenierdebeuvron |
15829438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sauveur-Lendelin | Saint-Sauveur-Lendelin | Saint-Sauveur-Lendelin () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Saint-Sauveur-Villages.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintsauveurlendelin |
15829439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sauveur-la-Pommeraye | Saint-Sauveur-la-Pommeraye | Saint-Sauveur-la-Pommeraye () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintsauveurlapommeraye |
15829441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Symphorien-le-Valois | Saint-Symphorien-le-Valois | Saint-Symphorien-le-Valois () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of La Haye. Its population was 812 in 2019.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintsymphorienlevalois |
15829446 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Romphaire | Saint-Romphaire | Saint-Romphaire () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Bourgvallées. Its population was 760 in 2019.
It is named after the 6th-century Saint .
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintromphaire
Manche communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
15829451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sauveur-de-Pierrepont | Saint-Sauveur-de-Pierrepont | Saint-Sauveur-de-Pierrepont () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintsauveurdepierrepont |
15829453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Senier-sous-Avranches | Saint-Senier-sous-Avranches | Saint-Senier-sous-Avranches (, literally Saint Senier under Avranches) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintseniersousavranches |
15829454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Vigor-des-Monts | Saint-Vigor-des-Monts | Saint-Vigor-des-Monts () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintvigordesmonts |
15829456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sartilly | Sartilly | Sartilly () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Sartilly-Baie-Bocage.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saussemesnil | Saussemesnil | Saussemesnil () or Sauxemesnil or Sauxemesnil-Ruffosses is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
Château de Rochemont
References
Communes of Manche |
15829462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9nos%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Génos, Hautes-Pyrénées | Génos (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
Geography
Climate
Génos has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Génos is . The average annual rainfall is with November as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Génos was on 19 July 2016; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 16 January 1985.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées
Hautes-Pyrénées communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
15829504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laborde%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Laborde, Hautes-Pyrénées | Laborde (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalanne%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Lalanne, Hautes-Pyrénées | Lalanne (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansac%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Lansac, Hautes-Pyrénées | Lansac (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lan%C3%A7on | Lançon | Lançon may refer to the following places in France:
Lançon, Ardennes, a commune in the Ardennes department
Lançon, Hautes-Pyrénées, a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department
Lançon-Provence, a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department |
15829547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1rio%20Bic%C3%A1k | Mário Bicák | Mário Bicák (born 21 October 1979) is a Slovak football midfielder.
He came to Spartak Trnava in summer 2010.
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Prešov
Slovak men's footballers
Slovakia men's international footballers
FC Steel Trans Ličartovce players
FC VSS Košice players
Győri ETO FC players
FC Spartak Trnava players
Slovak First Football League players
Men's association football midfielders |
15829551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Landelles | Saint-Martin-de-Landelles | Saint-Martin-de-Landelles () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouët. Its population was 1,126 in 2019.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartindelandelles |
15829552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Germain-sur-Ay | Saint-Germain-sur-Ay | Saint-Germain-sur-Ay () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. It is located at the mouth of the river Ay.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintgermainsuray |
15829553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Germain-sur-S%C3%A8ves | Saint-Germain-sur-Sèves | Saint-Germain-sur-Sèves () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
History
Prior to Operation Cobra in World War II, it was an impediment, a small island in a stretch of a marshy area. The position was held by a kampfgruppe of the Das Reich Division and the 6th Parachutist Regiment (Fallschirm-Jäger-Regiment 6). The 358th Regiment of the 90th Infantry Division under General Eugene M. Landrum started the attack on 22 July, but without air support because of bad weather. The 1st Battalion suffered heavy losses but held on to the island. The 2nd battalion failed to cross the marshes. In the evening the German Fallschirmjäger with company leader Alexander Uhlig counterattacked with one tank of the 2nd Panzer Regiment. The Americans were driven back, in one hour they had suffered losses of 100 soldiers killed, 400 wounded, and 250 prisoners. Saint-Germain-Sur-Sèves was liberated a few days later in the same operation.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintgermainsurseves |
15829555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-Petitville | Saint-Hilaire-Petitville | Saint-Hilaire-Petitville () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France with a population of 1,375. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune Carentan-les-Marais.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Sainthilairepetitville |
15829556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jacques-de-N%C3%A9hou | Saint-Jacques-de-Néhou | Saint-Jacques-de-Néhou (, literally Saint-Jacques of Néhou) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjacquesdenehou |
15829557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Daye | Saint-Jean-de-Daye | Saint-Jean-de-Daye () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
History
In 1839, Saint-Jean-de-Daye, having recorded just 352 registered inhabitants in 1836, absorbed the adjacent Le Mesnil-Véneron commune of 200 people. However, the ensuing decade saw economic and demographic growth and in 1847 Le Mesnil-Véneron was reinstated as a separate commune.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjeandedaye |
15829559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-la-Haize | Saint-Jean-de-la-Haize | Saint-Jean-de-la-Haize () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjeandelahaize |
15829562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-la-Rivi%C3%A8re | Saint-Jean-de-la-Rivière | Saint-Jean-de-la-Rivière () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjeandelariviere |
15829563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Savigny | Saint-Jean-de-Savigny | Saint-Jean-de-Savigny () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjeandesavigny |
15829565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-des-Baisants | Saint-Jean-des-Baisants | Saint-Jean-des-Baisants () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Jean-d'Elle.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjeandesbaisants |
15829567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-des-Champs | Saint-Jean-des-Champs | Saint-Jean-des-Champs () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjeandeschamps |
15829570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-du-Corail | Saint-Jean-du-Corail | Saint-Jean-du-Corail () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Mortain-Bocage. Its population was 237 in 2019.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
Parc naturel régional Normandie-Maine
References
Saintjeanducorail |
15829572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-du-Corail-des-Bois | Saint-Jean-du-Corail-des-Bois | Saint-Jean-du-Corail-des-Bois () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjeanducoraildesbois |
15829573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jores | Saint-Jores | Saint-Jores () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Montsenelle.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjores |
15829575 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-le-Thomas | Saint-Jean-le-Thomas | Saint-Jean-le-Thomas () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjeanlethomas |
15829576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Laurent-de-Cuves | Saint-Laurent-de-Cuves | Saint-Laurent-de-Cuves (, literally Saint-Laurent of Cuves) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
It hosts the annual rock music festival "Papillons de Nuit". The 2008 festival had approximately 50,000 spectators over three days. Acts included Stereophonics, Camille, Babyshambles, Yael Naïm, and The Hives.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintlaurentdecuves |
15829577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Laurent-de-Terregatte | Saint-Laurent-de-Terregatte | Saint-Laurent-de-Terregatte () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. The commune is situated in the south of the Avranchin area. It is 6.5 km southeast of Ducey, 8.5 km northeast of Saint-James and 16 km west of Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouët.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintlaurentdeterregatte |
15829578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4-d%27Ourville | Saint-Lô-d'Ourville | Saint-Lô-d'Ourville () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Port-Bail-sur-Mer.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintlodourville
Populated coastal places in France |
15829582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Louet-sur-Vire | Saint-Louet-sur-Vire | Saint-Louet-sur-Vire (, literally Saint-Louet on Vire) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintlouetsurvire |
15829584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Malo-de-la-Lande | Saint-Malo-de-la-Lande | Saint-Malo-de-la-Lande () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmalodelalande |
15829587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Marcouf%2C%20Manche | Saint-Marcouf, Manche | Saint-Marcouf () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Second World War
During the Second World War, a German coastal battery near the village was bombed but fired on Allied forces landing on Utah Beach on D-Day and again on 8 June before being silenced by US battleships.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmarcouf |
15829589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Garland | Joe Garland | Joseph Copeland Garland (August 15, 1903, Norfolk, Virginia – April 21, 1977, Teaneck, New Jersey) was an American jazz saxophonist, composer, and arranger, best known for writing "In the Mood".
Garland studied music at Shaw University and the Aeolian Conservatory. He started by playing classical music but joined a jazz band, Graham Jackson's Seminole Syncopators, in 1924, where he first recorded. He had a long run of associations as a sideman on saxophone and clarinet, with Elmer Snowden (1925), Joe Steele, Henri Saparo, Leon Abbey (including a tour of South America), Charlie Skeete and Jelly Roll Morton in the 1920s. The 1930s saw him playing with Bobby Neal (1931) and the Mills Blue Rhythm Band; he was both a performer and an arranger for the Blue Rhythm Band from 1932 to 1936, when Lucky Millinder replaced him. Following this he played with Edgar Hayes (1937), Don Redman (1938), and Louis Armstrong (1939–42). In the 1940s, he played with Claude Hopkins and others, and then returned to Armstrong's band from 1945-47. Following this he played with Herbie Fields, Hopkins again, and Earl Hines (1948). In the 1950s, he went into semi-retirement.
Garland wrote a number of well-known swing jazz hits, including "Serenade To A Savage" for Artie Shaw (one of Shaw's gold records) and "Leap Frog" for bandleader Les Brown.
"In the Mood" authorship controversy
Garland is credited as the composer (with Andy Razaf as lyricist) of the Glenn Miller hit "In the Mood", but "In The Mood"'s main theme, featuring repeated arpeggios rhythmically displaced, had previously appeared under the title of "Tar Paper Stomp", credited to jazz trumpeter/bandleader Wingy Manone. Manone recorded "Tar Paper Stomp" which did not become popular until the middle of 1930, just months before Horace Henderson used the same tune in "Hot and Anxious," recorded by his brother's band, The Fletcher Henderson Orchestra, on March 19, 1931.
This song was first performed by bandleaders Charlie Barnet and Artie Shaw, but fell out of favor because Garland's original arrangement was too long to fit on one side of a 78rpm record. Garland then brought "In the Mood" to Glenn Miller, who created a shorter arrangement.
See also
List of jazz arrangers
References
Footnotes
General references
Scott Yanow, [ Les Garland] at AllMusic
1903 births
1977 deaths
American jazz saxophonists
American male saxophonists
Shaw University alumni
American music arrangers
20th-century American saxophonists
Jazz musicians from Virginia
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
Mills Blue Rhythm Band members |
15829590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%27Audouville | Saint-Martin-d'Audouville | Saint-Martin-d'Audouville () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartindaudouville |
15829592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Bonfoss%C3%A9 | Saint-Martin-de-Bonfossé | Saint-Martin-de-Bonfossé () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartindebonfosse |
15829596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%27Aubigny | Saint-Martin-d'Aubigny | Saint-Martin-d'Aubigny () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
History
The name of Aubigny is mentioned under diverse forms in Medieval Latin and in Old French : Albignio (11th century); Albigneio (ab. 1175); Aubigni (ab 1180). Its original form was *Albiniācum, a Romanization of the name of an earlier Gallo-Roman property (suffix -(i)acum < Gaulish Celtic -ako) + the personal name of its owner, a certain Albinius, Latin personal name popular in Gaul at that time.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartindaubigny |
15829606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Cenilly | Saint-Martin-de-Cenilly | Saint-Martin-de-Cenilly is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartindecenilly |
15829607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lan%C3%A7on%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Lançon, Hautes-Pyrénées | Lançon () is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador%20%28short%20story%29 | Salvador (short story) | "Salvador" is a science fiction short story by American writer Lucius Shepard. Originally published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction in 1984, the following year it won the Locus Poll award for Best Short Story, the SF Chronicle award for Short Story and was nominated for the Hugo and Nebula awards for Best Short Story.
Plot summary
The story follows Dantzler, a soldier in the Special Forces of the US Military. He and his platoon are in El Salvador looking for Sandinista patrols prior to an invasion of Nicaragua. The soldiers rely on ampules, drugs that help them stay calm and focus their rage, and discover that their increasing use of the drug make it difficult to distinguish between reality and hallucination.
References
Science fiction short stories
1984 short stories
Works originally published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction |
15829612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang%20Ling%20%28author%29 | Zhang Ling (author) | Ling Zhang (; born in 1957) is a former senior audiologist and fiction writer in Toronto, Canada. She was born in Wenzhou, China and came to Canada in 1986 to pursue her MA in English at University of Calgary. She obtained her second MA degree in Communication disorders at the University of Cincinnati. She has published nine novels and several collections of novellas and short stories in Chinese. One of her novels,《金山》, has been translated into English, French, and German. She has won numerous important literary prizes in China.
In 2009, Zhang's novella, Aftershock (2010 film), a tale about the survival of the horrific 1976 Tangshan earthquake, was made into China's first IMAX movie, directed by Feng Xiaogang. This movie became the greatest box office success at the time and has grossed more than US$100 million at the Chinese box office. According to The Wall Street Journal, Aftershock opens the Imax market to Chinese films. The abc NEWS also mentions that Aftershock becomes the highest-grossing film in China.
In 2011, a lawsuit was launched against Zhang Ling for alleged copyright infringement from works by three Canadian writers. However, the case was closed with no judgment against either of the parties.
A Single Swallow, the English version of Zhang's novel《劳燕》, listed on 2017 Sina best ten books list/2017 新浪年度十大好书, published by Amazon Crossing in October 2020, has immediately caught the media and readers' interest and was reviewed as “a literary work suffused with prodigious and descriptive exposition.” A Single Swallow became Amazon's #1 Kindle bestseller in Chinese literature and WWII historical fiction. The novel also was the winner of AudioFile Earphones Award and was listed with The New York Times Globetrotting 2021.
Awards and honours
Best novel in China (2017) - 张翎《劳燕》获2017《当代》长篇小说论坛年度最佳,
Grand Prize, Overseas Chinese Literary Awards (2014) – 华侨华人文学奖评委会大奖
Special Achievement Award for Overseas Chinese Writer, Chinese Association of Fiction (2010) – 中国小说学会海外作家特别奖
"Lamb" (2003) and A Journey Home (2005) ranked among top ten by the Chinese Academy of Fiction Writing
Winner of the Yuan Prize for Literature
The People's Literature Award in China (2006)
Selected works
Novels
Where Waters Meet (2023, English) by Amazon Crossing.
A Single Swallow – 《劳燕》(2017), 人民文学出版社. A Single Swallow (English) by Amazon Crossing
The Sands of Time – 《流年物语》(2016), 十月文艺出版社
Contractions – 《阵痛》(2014)，作家出版社
Tangshan Earthquake –《 唐山大地震》(2013)，花城出版社
Sleep, Flo, Sleep –《睡吧，芙洛，睡吧》(2011)，十月文艺出版社
Gold Mountain Blues – 《金山》(2009)，十月文艺出版社. Gold Mountain Blues (English) by Penguin Canada, Le Rêve de la Montagne d'Or(French) by Renaud-Bray, and Der Traum vom Goldenen Berg (German) by Schöffling & Co.
Mail-Order Bride – 《邮购新娘》(2004)，作家出版社
Beyond the Ocean – 《交错的彼岸》(2001) ，百花文艺出版社
Sisters from Shanghai –《 望月》(1998), 作家出版社
Collections of novellas and short stories
The Way We Survive endorsed by Mo Yan, Nobel Prize winner in literature 2012, – 《每个人站起来的方式，千姿百态》(2016), 长江文艺出版社
A Summer's Tale – 《一个夏天的故事》(2013)，花城出版社
The Songs of Love –《 恋曲三重奏》(2012)，江苏文艺出版社
The Darkest Night in Life – 《生命中最黑暗的夜晚》(2012)，九州出版社
A Woman at Forty – 《女人四十》(2011)，中国工人出版社
The Aftershock – 《余震》(2010)，十月文艺出版社
Yan's Journey Home – 《雁过澡溪》(2006)，成都时代出版社
Blind Date – 《盲约》(2005)，花城出版社
The World of Flesh – 《尘世》(2004)，广西人民出版社
References
External links
Reading at York University
Reading at the University of Toronto at Scarborough
1957 births
Living people
Audiologists
Canadian writers of Asian descent
Chinese women novelists
Writers from Toronto
21st-century Canadian women writers
University of Calgary alumni
University of Cincinnati alumni |
15829637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larroque | Larroque | Larroque may refer to the following communes in France:
Larroque, Haute-Garonne, in the Haute-Garonne department
Larroque, Hautes-Pyrénées, in the Hautes-Pyrénées department
Larroque, Tarn, in the Tarn department
Larroque-Engalin, in the Gers department
Larroque-Saint-Sernin, in the Gers department
Larroque-sur-l'Osse, in the Gers department
Larroque-Toirac, in the Lot department
Larroque may also refer to:
Larroque, Entre Ríos, a town in Argentina
See also
Laroque (disambiguation)
La Roque (disambiguation)
Larock (disambiguation) |
15829638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bighorn%20River%20%28disambiguation%29 | Bighorn River (disambiguation) | Bighorn River may refer to:
Bighorn River, a river in Wyoming and Montana, USA
Little Bighorn River, tributary of the Bighorn River in the United States in the states of Wyoming and Montana
Bighorn River (Alberta), a river in Alberta, Canada |
15829662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larroque%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Larroque, Hautes-Pyrénées | Larroque (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Varreville | Saint-Martin-de-Varreville | Saint-Martin-de-Varreville () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartindevarreville
Populated coastal places in France |
15829676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-le-Bouillant | Saint-Martin-le-Bouillant | Saint-Martin-le-Bouillant () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartinlebouillant |
15829677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-le-Gr%C3%A9ard | Saint-Martin-le-Gréard | Saint-Martin-le-Gréard () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartinlegreard |
15829681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-le-H%C3%A9bert | Saint-Martin-le-Hébert | Saint-Martin-le-Hébert () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Bricquebec-en-Cotentin.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartinlehebert |
15829685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ays%C3%A9n%2C%20Chile | Aysén, Chile | Aysén or Aisén (pronounced: ) is a Chilean commune located in Aysén Province, Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region. It is home to the city of Puerto Aysén and to the towns of Villa Mañiguales and Puerto Chacabuco. It is the largest commune in Chile in total area, and it is slightly larger than Armenia.
A note on orthography
Chile’s Instituto Geográfico Militar (IGM) prefers the spelling Aisén, as did formerly the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (INE). However, since 2010 the INE has conformed to the locally preferred, and overwhelmingly more frequently used, form Aysén.
Demographics
According to the 2002 INE census, Aysén had 22,353 inhabitants (11,853 males and 10,500 females), of whom 19,580 (87.6%) lived in urban areas and 2,773 (12.4%) in rural areas at that time. Between the censuses of 1992 and 2002 the population had grown by 17.1% (3,263 persons).
Administration
As a commune, Aysén is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Marisol Martínez Sanchez (PS).
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Aysén is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by René Alinco (PDC) and David Sandoval (UDI) as part of the 59th electoral district, which includes the entire Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region. The commune is represented in the Senate by Antonio Horvath Kiss (RN) and Patricio Walker Prieto (PDC) as part of the 18th senatorial constituency (Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region).
References
External links
Municipality of Aysén
Communes of Chile
Populated places in Aysén Province
1957 establishments in Chile |
15829687 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teurth%C3%A9ville-Hague | Teurthéville-Hague | Teurthéville-Hague () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Teurthevillehague |
15829691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Ovin | Saint-Ovin | Saint-Ovin () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintovin |
15829694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pair-sur-Mer | Saint-Pair-sur-Mer | Saint-Pair-sur-Mer (, literally Saint-Pair on Sea) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
External links
Official Web site
Saintpairsurmer |
15829696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nicolas-des-Bois%2C%20Manche | Saint-Nicolas-des-Bois, Manche | Saint-Nicolas-des-Bois () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintnicolasdesbois |
15829697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pierre-d%27Arth%C3%A9glise | Saint-Pierre-d'Arthéglise | Saint-Pierre-d'Arthéglise is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintpierredartheglise |
15829698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomn%C3%A9%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Lomné, Hautes-Pyrénées | Lomné is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
Geography
Climate
Lomné has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Lomné is . The average annual rainfall is with November as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Lomné was on 18 July 2022; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 8 February 2012.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Patrice-de-Claids | Saint-Patrice-de-Claids | Saint-Patrice-de-Claids () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintpatricedeclaids |
15829705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pierre-Langers | Saint-Pierre-Langers | Saint-Pierre-Langers () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Heraldry
Personalities linked to the commune
Philippe Badin, 18th abbot of La Lucerne Abbey (?-1452), who laid the first stone at the fortress of Granville.
Anatole France, stayed here twice in his youth and described the commune in a chapter 11 of La Vie en fleur.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintpierrelangers |
15829706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Planchers | Saint-Planchers | Saint-Planchers () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. It is the location of the Prieuré de l'Oiselière, a 12th-century priory that is classified as a Monument historique since 1989.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintplanchers |
15829708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savigny-le-Vieux | Savigny-le-Vieux | Savigny-le-Vieux () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Savigny Abbey
Communes of the Manche department
References
Savignylevieux |
15829709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-Coutances | Saint-Pierre-de-Coutances | Saint-Pierre-de-Coutances (, literally Saint-Pierre of Coutances) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintpierredecoutances |
15829711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maupertus-sur-Mer | Maupertus-sur-Mer | Maupertus-sur-Mer (, literally Maupertus on Sea) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Cherbourg - Maupertus Airport
Communes of the Manche department
References
Maupertussurmer
Populated coastal places in France |
15829712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-Semilly | Saint-Pierre-de-Semilly | Saint-Pierre-de-Semilly () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintpierredesemilly |
15829713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pierre-%C3%89glise | Saint-Pierre-Église | Saint-Pierre-Église () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
A market takes place in Saint-Pierre-Église every Wednesday.
International relations
Saint-Pierre-Église is twinned with Twyford, United Kingdom.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintpierreeglise |
15829715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pois | Saint-Pois | Saint-Pois () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintpois |
15829717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9zignan%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Lézignan, Hautes-Pyrénées | Lézignan (; ) is a village and commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France. Located around 11 miles (16 km) south of Tarbes, in 2010 it had a population of 373, reducing to 355 at the 2019 Census.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Quentin-sur-le-Homme | Saint-Quentin-sur-le-Homme | Saint-Quentin-sur-le-Homme () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintquentinsurlehomme |
15829721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-R%C3%A9my-des-Landes | Saint-Rémy-des-Landes | Saint-Rémy-des-Landes () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of La Haye. Its population was 213 in 2019.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintremydeslandes |
15829722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teurth%C3%A9ville-Bocage | Teurthéville-Bocage | Teurthéville-Bocage () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Teurthevillebocage |
15829737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven%20Billiard%20Tables | Seven Billiard Tables | Seven Billiard Tables () is a 2007 Spanish sports comedy-drama film by Gracia Querejeta. She also co-wrote the story with David Planell. In 2008, the film was nominated for nine Goya Awards. It won two awards, including the Best Actress award (for Maribel Verdú).
Cast
Raúl Arévalo as Fele
Ramón Barea as Jacinto
Amparo Baró as Emilia
Jesús Castejón as Antonio
Blanca Portillo as Charo
Víctor Valdivia as Guille
Maribel Verdú as Ángela
Awards and nominations
for a complete list of awards and nominations, see this link.
XXII Goya Awards
Best Actress (Blanca Portillo, nominee)
Best Actress (Maribel Verdú, winner)
Best Cinematography (Ángel Iguacel, nominee)
Best Director (Gracia Querejeta, nominee)
Best Editing (Nacho Ruiz Capillas, nominee)
Best Film (nominee)
Best Screenplay - Original (David Planell and Gracia Querejeta, nominee)
Best Supporting Actor (Raúl Arévalo, nominee)
Best Supporting Actress (Amparo Baró, winner)
San Sebastián Film Festival
Best Actress - Silver Seashell (Blanca Portillo, winner)
Best Screenplay (David Planell and Gracia Querejeta, tied winner)
Golden Seashell (Gracia Querejeta, nominee)
References
External links
2007 films
2007 comedy-drama films
2000s Spanish-language films
2000s sports comedy-drama films
Cue sports films
Films directed by Gracia Querejeta
Films featuring a Best Actress Goya Award-winning performance
Films featuring a Best Supporting Actress Goya Award-winning performance
Spanish sports comedy-drama films
2000s Spanish films |
15829764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn%20Khafaja | Ibn Khafaja | Abu Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn Abu al-Fath (1058–1138/9), called Ibn Khafajah (إبن خفاجة), a native of Alzira, was one of the most famous poets of al-Andalus during the reign of the Almoravids. He was born in 1058 in Alzira (Arabic: جزيرة شقر) near Valencia where he spent most of his life. He was the maternal uncle of poet Ibn al-Zaqqaq.
He developed nature poetry to a great level of sophistication. His poetry includes a few panegyrics qasidas, e.g. to Yusuf ibn Tashfin whom he praised out of thankfulness that he had saved Al-Andalus from chaos by retaking the region of Valencia from the Spaniards after the Conquest of Valencia in 1109. During the occupation of the surroundings of Valencia by the Spaniards (ca. 1100) Ibn Khafaja had fled the city to North Africa. He remained unmarried but had many friends and lived to be over eighty.There is a style based on him afterwards followed by many known as 'khafājī'.
According to Salma Khadra Jayyusi, Khafaja demonstrates, in some of his poems a revolutionary attitude to language, using a vocabulary of great originality, which she describes as "warm and sensuous, obsessed with human intimacy, turbulent and conscious of the violence of life around him in a war-ridden country, awed by nature and eternally mystified both by its beauty and by its permanence vis-avis human mutability." His poetry often uses images to a dramatic function, such as contrasting light and darkness, or humanising the night environment.
Composer Mohammed Fairouz set three poems of Ibn Khafajah to music in a cycle of vocal chamber music written for the Cygnus Ensemble.
Notes
Bibliography
Arthur Wormhoudt (ed.), The Diwan of Abu Ishaq Ibn Ibrahim Ibn Abu Al-Fath Ibn Khafaja, Oskaloosa, Ia.: William Penn College, 1987,
Arie Schippers "Ibn Khafaja (1058-1139) in Morocco. Analysis of a laudatory poem addressed to a member of the Almoravid clan," in: Otto Zwartjes e.a. (ed.) Poetry, Politics and Polemics: Cultural Transfer Between the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1996, (pp. 13–34)
Magda M. Al-Nowaihi, The Poetry of Ibn Khafajah A Literary Analysis, (Rev. version of the author's thesis, Harvard, 1987), Leiden: Brill, 1993
Burgel, J. C., "Man, Nature and Cosmos as Intertwining Elements in the Poetry of Ibn Khafāja," in: Journal of Arabic literature; vol. 14, 1983 (p. 31)
Hamdane Hadjadji and André Miquel, Ibn Khafaja l’Andalou, L’amant de la nature, Paris: El-Ouns, 2002
Abd al-Rahman Janair, Ibn Khafaja l-Andalusi, Beirut: Dar al-Afaq, 1980
External links
The Mountain Poem English translation and Arabic recording of Ibn Khafaja's most famous poem at Poems Found in Translation.
11th-century writers from al-Andalus
1058 births
1138 deaths
Poets under the Almoravid dynasty
Poets from al-Andalus
People from Alzira, Valencia
Muslim panegyrists |
15829766 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsas | Marsas | Marsas may refer to the following places in France:
Marsas, Gironde, a commune in the Gironde department
Marsas, Hautes-Pyrénées, a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department |
15829768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%20Zyambo | January Zyambo | January Zyambo (born September 9, 1980) is a Zambian professional soccer forward who plays for KS Besa Kavaje in Albanian First Division.
External links
1980 births
Living people
Zambian men's footballers
Zambia men's international footballers
Zambian expatriate men's footballers
Olympiakos Nicosia players
Kabwe Warriors F.C. players
KF Besa Kavajë players
KF Vllaznia Shkodër players
Kategoria Superiore players
Kategoria e Parë players
Cypriot First Division players
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Expatriate men's footballers in Albania
Men's association football forwards |
15829771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations | Kosovo–United States relations | Kosovo was officially recognized as a country by the United States on February 18, 2008, one day after Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia.
History
The US established full diplomatic relations at Ambassador level with the Republic of Kosovo. Kosovo considers the United States its greatest partner in gaining recognition from the rest of the world, and such view is also expressed from United States Officials.
The United States and Kosovo established diplomatic relations on February 18, 2008. U.S. President George W. Bush on February 19, 2008 stated that recognizing Kosovo as an independent nation would "bring peace to a region scarred by war". The bilateral ties the United States shares with Kosovo are maintained through the U.S. Embassy in Pristina, which was opened on April 8, 2008 by then-Chargé d'Affaires ad interim Tina Kaidanow. Prior to the declaration of independence, the United States maintained U.S. Office Pristina (USOP), with a chief of mission. The US also continues to contribute troops to the Kosovo Force (KFOR), and will be providing staff to the ICO and EULEX missions.
During the European Commission-hosted international Donors' Conference on July 11, 2008 the United States pledged $400 million for 2008–2009 to support, among many other things, helping relieve debt Kosovo may inherit. U.S. assistance in Kosovo continues to support governance through strengthening civil society and political processes, especially targeting minority communities, and aims to strengthen economic institutions and help private enterprise grow.
In May 2009, then Vice President Biden visited Kosovo and was greeted by large crowds. He affirmed the US position that Kosovan "independence is irreversible". The Obama administration remained committed to Kosovo. In August 2016, Vice President Joe Biden, visited Kosovo and attended a ceremony that renamed a southeastern highway "Joseph R. 'Beau' Biden, III" to honour his son Beau's contribution to Kosovo for training its judges and prosecutors. The US has a large military base in Kosovo named Camp Bondsteel, and it forms part of its defence strategy for the region.
Kosovo has named certain places in Pristina after U.S. leaders such as Bill Clinton Boulevard and George W. Bush Street. Around Pristina, other streets are named after former military commanders involved in the NATO campaign, honouring their role to conflict between local Albanians and the Yugoslav army. The capital also has a women's clothing shop named Hillary, after Hillary Clinton and atop on some large buildings and hotels architectural features replicating US monuments and symbols like the Statue of Liberty or the bald eagle. In Kosovo, Bill Clinton is considered an iconic figure and hero. Many US flags are flown throughout Kosovo from buildings. The US donated funds and built one of the largest film studios in Europe, located in the suburbs of Pristina.
Widespread sentiments of gratitude are held by people in Kosovo to the US for playing a major role in ending Serb control of the area. These sentiments increased, including support toward the US, especially after it recognised Kosovan independence. The Kosovo population also support the US engagement with the Balkans, which is viewed as anti-Serbian. After the Kosovo War, the US remains popular among the Kosovo Albanian population. According to the 2012 U.S. Global Leadership Report, 87% of Kosovars approve of U.S. leadership, the highest rating for any survey in Europe. According to a 2016 report by Gallup, Kosovo led the region and the world again in approval for the second consecutive year, with 85% approving of U.S. leadership. According to a recent report by Gallup of U.S. Leadership on Trump's term, Kosovo led the region and the world again in approving of U.S leadership with 75% approval.
US-mediated Kosovo–Serbia negotiations
On October 4, 2019, U.S. President Donald Trump appointed Richard Grenell as the Special Presidential Envoy for Serbia and Kosovo Peace Negotiations. After months of diplomatic talks, on January 20, 2020, Serbia and Kosovo agreed to restore flights between Belgrade and Pristina for the first time in over 20 years.
On September 4, 2020, the President of Serbia, Aleksandar Vučić, and the Prime Minister of Kosovo, Avdullah Hoti, signed an agreement on the normalisation of economic relations between Serbia and Kosovo at the White House. The deal will encompass freer transit, including by rail and road, while both parties agreed to work with the Export–Import Bank of the United States and the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation and to join the Mini Schengen Zone, but the agreement also included the mutual recognition between Israel and Kosovo.
The United States, along with other western countries like France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom have engaged with the governments of Kosovo and Serbia to find a practical solution which would allow eligible citizens of Kosovo to exercise their right to participate in Serbia’s 2022 elections.
U.S. embassy
The sixth and current United States Ambassador to Kosovo is Jeffrey Hovenier.
Kosovo embassy
Ilir Dugolli is the current ambassador from Kosovo to the U.S. The Embassy of the Republic of Kosovo in the United States is located in Washington DC. There also exist two Consulates of Kosovo within the U.S. located in New York City, NY and Des Moines, IA.
See also
Serbia–United States relations
List of ambassadors of Kosovo to the United States
United States–Yugoslavia relations
References
External links
History of Kosovo - U.S. relations
Bilateral relations of the United States
United States |
15829811 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Finkel | David Finkel | David Louis Finkel (born October 28, 1955) is an American journalist. He won a Pulitzer Prize in 2006 as a staff writer at The Washington Post. As of January 2017, he was national enterprise editor at the Post. He has also worked for the Posts foreign staff division. He wrote The Good Soldiers and Thank You for Your Service. He is a 2012 MacArthur Fellow.
Work
Finkel's book The Good Soldiers describes several months he spent in 2007 as an embedded reporter with 2nd Battalion, 16th Infantry Regiment of the 4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division, also known as the "2-16 Rangers", as they worked to stabilize a portion of Baghdad.
The logs of Chelsea Manning's IM chats with Adrian Lamo state that David Finkel was given the Collateral Murder video but did not release it. David Finkel has never publicly disclosed whether he had the video or not. In a washingtonpost.com webchat, he said, "I based the account in my book The Good Soldiers on multiple sources, all unclassified. Without going into details, I'll say the best source of information was being there [in Iraq]." At a February 2013 pretrial hearing, Manning stated that Finkel "was quoting, I feel in verbatim, the audio communications of the aerial weapons team crew." She said, however, that she was "aghast" at Finkel's portrayal of the incident. "Reading his account," she explained, "one would believe the engagement was somehow justified as 'payback' for an earlier attack that led to the death of a soldier."
Awards
1995 Missouri Lifestyle Journalism Award for a story about racial and class conflict.
2001 Robert F. Kennedy Awards for Excellence in Journalism International Print Prize for "Invisible Journeys" about illegal immigration.
2006 Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting, citing "his ambitious, clear-eyed case study of the United States government's attempt to bring democracy to Yemen."
2010 Cornelius Ryan Award for The Good Soldiers.
2010 J. Anthony Lukas Book Prize for The Good Soldiers.
2013 National Book Critics Circle Award (Nonfiction) shortlist for Thank You for Your Service
2014 Erikson Institute Prize for Excellence in Mental Health Media (awarded by the Erikson Institute of the Austen Riggs Center) for his investigative reporting at The Washington Post.
Education
Finkel earned a Bachelor's degree in broadcasting from the University of Florida in 1977.
Personal life
He lives in the Washington, D.C., area.
References
External links
Lecture on The Good Soldiers at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library
Lecture on Thank You for Your Service at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library
Interview on ABC RN with Paul Barclay about The Good Soldier.
1955 births
American male journalists
American military writers
MacArthur Fellows
Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism winners
University of Florida alumni
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people) |
15829815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste%20Taveau | Auguste Taveau | Auguste Taveau (Louis Augustin Onésiphore Taveau) was a French dentist born in Le Havre, the 28th of August 1792. Date and place of his death are still unknown. In 1826, he was among the first to use amalgam as a dental restorative material, although he had originally developed it as early as 1816. He went on trying to improve the material.
History
In 1816, Auguste Taveau developed his own dental amalgam from silver coins and mercury. This amalgam contained a very small amount of mercury and had to be heated in order for the silver to dissolve at an appreciable rate. Taveau's formula offered lower cost and greater ease of use compared to existing materials such as gold, but had many practical problems, including a tendency to significantly expand after setting. Because of these problems, this formula was abandoned in France. In 1833, however, two untrained Europeans, the Crawcour "brothers" (Edward Crawcour and his nephew Moses), brought Taveau's amalgam to the United States under the name "Royal Mineral Succedaneum".
The Parisian police knew that Taveau was a "pédérast" and that he had contracted syphilis. He was arrested after a denunciation to the police by a man called Émile Lagunière, who had previously been taken for an adopted child of Taveau. The forensic surgeon Ambroise Tardieu probably reported Lagunière case in his Étude medico-légale sur les attentats aux mœurs (obs. XXII). Taveau's subsequent fate is unknown.
References
French dentists
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
19th-century French LGBT people |
15829841 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard%20Gaskin | Leonard Gaskin | Leonard Gaskin (August 25, 1920 – January 24, 2009) was an American jazz bassist born in New York City.
Gaskin played on the early bebop scene at Minton's and Monroe's in New York in the early 1940s. In 1944 he took over Oscar Pettiford's spot in Dizzy Gillespie's band, and followed it with stints in bands led by Cootie Williams, Charlie Parker, Don Byas, Eddie South, Charlie Shavers, and Erroll Garner. In the 1950s, he played with Eddie Condon's Dixieland band, and played with Ruby Braff, Bud Freeman, Rex Stewart, Cootie Williams, Billie Holiday, Stan Getz, J.J. Johnson, and Miles Davis.
In the 1960s he became a studio musician, playing on numerous gospel and pop records. In the 1970s and 1980s he returned to jazz, playing with Sy Oliver, Panama Francis, and The International Art of Jazz.
Gaskin became involved in educating young people later in his life. He performed and shared his knowledge with elementary students with the Good Groove Band (Leonard Gaskin, Melissa Lovaglio, Bob Emry, Michael Howell) at Woodstock Elementary School in Woodstock, New York in 2003.
Gaskin died of natural causes on January 24, 2009.
Discography
As leader
1961 – Leonard Gaskin at the Jazz Band Ball, (Swingville)
1962 – Darktown Strutter's Ball, (Swingville)
As sideman
1945 – Miles Davis: First Miles (Savoy)
1946 – Don Byas: 1946 (Classics)
1949 – J. J. Johnson / Kai Winding / Bennie Green: Trombone by Three (OJC)
1949 – J. J. Johnson: J. J. Johnson's Jazz Quintets (Savoy)
1950 – Charlie Parker: Charlie Parker All Stars – Charlie Parker at Birdland and Cafe Society (Cool & Blue, 1950–52)
1950 – Stan Getz: The Complete Roost Recordings (Roost, 1950–54)
1951 – Illinois Jacquet: Jazz Moods (Verve)
1953 – Miles Davis: Miles Davis with Horns (Prestige/OJC)
1955 – Billie Holiday: Lady Sings the Blues (Verve)
1955 – Sonny Terry / Brownie McGhee: Back Country Blues
1956 – Jimmy Scott: If Only You Knew (Savoy)
1956 – Big Maybelle: Candy (Savoy)
1956 – Sammy Price: Rock (Savoy)
1957 – Bud Freeman: Chicago / Austin High School Jazz in HiFi (RCA)
1957 – Eddie Condon: The Roaring Twenties (Columbia)
1958 – Ruby Braff: Easy Now (RCA)
1958 – Rex Stewart: Rendezvous with Rex (Felsted)
1959 – Rex Stewart & Dicky Wells: Chatter Jazz (RCA Victor)
1959 – Marion Williams: O Holy Night (Savoy)
1960 – Lightnin' Hopkins: Last Night Blues (Bluesville, [1961])
1960 – Arbee Stidham: Tired of Wandering (Bluesville, [1961])
1960 – Sonny Terry: Sonny Is King (Bluesville [1963])
1960 – Al Smith: Midnight Special (Bluesville, [1961])
1960 – Roosevelt Sykes: The Honeydripper (Bluesville, [1961])
1960 – Sunnyland Slim: Slim's Shout (Bluesville, [1961])
1960 – Lightnin' Hopkins: Lightnin' (Bluesville, [1961])
1960 – Curtis Jones: Trouble Blues (Bluesville)
1960 – Shakey Jake: Mouth Harp Blues (Bluesville, [1961])
1960 – Mildred Anderson: No More in Life (Bluesville, [1961])
1962 – Rhoda Scott: Hey! Hey! Hey! (Tru-Sound)
1962 – Odetta: Sometimes I Feel Like Cryin' (RCA Victor)
1963 – Willis Jackson: Grease 'n' Gravy, The Good Life (Prestige)
1963 – Lightnin' Hopkins: Goin' Away (Bluesville)
1963 – Red Holloway: The Burner (Prestige)
1963 – Jimmy Witherspoon: Blues Around the Clock (Prestige)
1963 – Bob Dylan: The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan (Columbia)
1964 – Lightnin' Hopkins: Down Home Blues (Bluesville)
1964 – Lightnin' Hopkins: Soul Blues (Prestige [1965])
1964 – Sonny Stitt: Primitivo Soul (Prestige)
1965 – Illinois Jacquet: Spectrum (Argo)
1968 – Solomon Burke: King Solomon (Atlantic)
2001 – Richard Negri: Meditations on a Downbeat, Words Spoken through Jazz (LightMoose)
References
Footnotes
General references
[ Leonard Gaskin] at AllMusic
External links
‘I’ll Be Seeing You’Reminiscences Allegro at Local 802 (AFM)
1920 births
2009 deaths
American jazz double-bassists
Male double-bassists
Jazz musicians from New York City
20th-century American musicians
20th-century double-bassists
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
Savoy Records artists |
15829845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Reyntiens | Patrick Reyntiens | Nicholas Patrick Reyntiens OBE (; 11 December 1925 – 25 October 2021) was a British stained-glass artist, described as "the leading practitioner of stained glass in this country."
Personal life
Reyntiens was born in December 1925 at 68 Cadogan Square, Knightsbridge, London SW1, of Belgian extraction. He was sent to school at the Benedictine Ampleforth College in Yorkshire and was a practising Roman Catholic. He left school in 1943 and joined the Scots Guards, with whom he served from 1943 to 1947. His artistic training was first at Regent Street Polytechnic (now the University of Westminster) and then at Edinburgh College of Art.
At Edinburgh he met Anne Bruce (1927–2006), a painter whom he later married. They had two sons and two daughters, Edith, Dominick, Lucy, and John.
In the 1950s, Reyntiens and Bruce bought Burleighfield House, a run-down country house near Loudwater, Buckinghamshire. The couple moved to Somerset in 1982.
Reyntiens died on 25 October 2021, at the age of 95.
Career
Stained glass
Reyntiens began his career as assistant to the stained glass artist Jozef Edward Nuttgens (1892–1982), who lived and worked at Pigotts Hill, near High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire.
Reyntiens went on to collaborate with John Piper (1903–92), with whom he worked for 35 years. Their notable works together include the Baptistery window of the new Coventry Cathedral (1957–61) and the windows of the lantern tower of Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral (1963–67). They also worked together on commissions for Church of England parish churches including at Bledlow Ridge (1968), Pishill (1969), Nettlebed (1970), Sandford St Martin (1974), Turville (1975), Wolvercote (1976), Fawley, Buckinghamshire (1976)., and Eton College Chapel.
Reyntiens' solo works include windows for St Mary's church, Hound (1958–59), Christ Church, Flackwell Heath (1961), St Michael and All Angels Church, Marden (1962), the Church of the Good Shepherd, Woodthorpe, Nottinghamshire (circa 1962–64), All Saints' parish church, Hinton Ampner (1970), the Great Hall of Christ Church, Oxford (1985), Southwell Minster (1996),, St Andrews Church, Scole and Washington National Cathedral in the USA. Some of his work is now permanently exhibited in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
His son John Reyntiens is also a notable stained glass artist. John has "translated" many of his father's designs, including for works at Much Hadham (1995), Anstey, Hertfordshire (2000), St Alban's church, Romford (2002 and 2004), the Church of St Mary, Stoke St Mary (2003), the Frances Bardsley School, Romford (2006), and St George's Roman Catholic Church, Taunton (2009). Their largest collaboration was for the church of Ampleforth Abbey: 27 windows in 2003, followed by two in 2004 and six in 2006–07. In 2011, John made a documentary film about his father's life and work, From Coventry to Cochem, the Art of Patrick Reyntiens.
Art education
From 1963 until 1976, Reyntiens and Bruce, a painter, operated a small art education centre at their Buckinghamshire home, Burleighfield House, which later became the Reyntiens Trust.
For a decade, Reyntiens was Head of Fine Art at Central School of Art and Design. He retired from the post in order to return to his own stained glass work.
References
Sources
External links
Reyntiens Glass Studio
1925 births
2021 deaths
Alumni of the Regent Street Polytechnic
Alumni of the Edinburgh College of Art
British Army personnel of World War II
English stained glass artists and manufacturers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Ampleforth College
Artists from Westminster
Scots Guards officers
English people of Belgian descent
Architects of the Liturgical Movement |
15829862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llama%20Firearms | Llama Firearms | Llama Firearms, officially known as Llama-Gabilondo y Cia SA, was a Spanish arms company founded in 1904 under the name Gabilondo and Urresti. Its headquarters were in Eibar in the Basque Country, Spain, but they also had workshops during different times in Elgoibar and Vitoria. The company manufactured moderate-priced revolvers and self-chambering pistols in a wide variety of models. These were popular mainly in the European and Latin American export market, as well as domestically in Spain.
First models
Gabilondo and Urresti was founded in 1904, but did not appear in the industrial census of Eibar until 1907 where it is listed as having four gunsmiths at work. In the period from 1908 to 1914, this doubled to eight. In 1912, the company was not among those Eibar manufacturers involved in legal action against Fabrique Nationale so it can be assumed that they had not yet begun to sell self-loading pistols based on Browning patents.
Gabilondo and Urresti initially made copies of Nagant revolvers in 7.62mm Nagant and 8mm Lebel (these lacked the "gas seal" feature of the originals); as well as Colt New Service, and Vélodog-style revolvers under their own brand. The firm also produced parts for other companies.
The "Vélodog" revolvers are small pocket pistols intended for the protection of cyclists and hikers against savage dogs, typically firing five or six shots, and fitted with a short barrel and folding trigger. They were initially chambered in 5.5 mm Vélodog or .22 long rifle, but later examples are found in 6.35mm Browning/.25 ACP and 7.65mm Browning/.32 ACP calibres.
In 1913, the company manufactured the Radium, a small six-shot self-loading pistol in 6.35 mm/.25 ACP with a unique magazine design patented by Guillermo Echeverria and Valentin Vallejo. The magazine was fixed, and was reloaded by sliding one of the grip panels down to expose the mechanism. Rounds could then be inserted one by one until the magazine was fully loaded and the panel closed again. However ingenious, the pistol was difficult to make and not revived after the conclusion of the First World War.
Ruby pistol
In 1914, just before the start of the First World War, Gabilondo created a sturdy self-loading pistol based on the Browning Model 1903 and chambered for the 7.65mm Browning/.32 ACP cartridge. Unusually for the time, the magazine capacity was nine shots instead of the usual six or seven. The pistol was intended for export to the Americas, and despite the small calibre was designed with military and police sales in mind. Other Spanish manufacturers had copied the Browning since around 1905. These copies were less sophisticated than the original, but one was very similar to the eventual Ruby design, the "Victoria" made by Esperanza y Unceta. This was a six-shot model incorporating improvements patented by Pedro Careaga in 1911, and Esperanza y Unceta in 1912. These are believed to have covered the frame-mounted safety (instead of a grip safety on the original Browning), and the substitution of an internal striker for a hammer.
In 1915, Gabilondo sent examples of the pistols to the French government, who were hard-pressed for all sorts of small-arms, even in this early stage of the war. After testing was completed in May 1915, the French decided to accept the Ruby as the Pistolet Automatique, Type Ruby and contracted Gabilondo to produce 10,000 pistols a month. By August the target had been raised to 30,000 and later still an incredible 50,000 a month. Despite its size, the company could barely cope with the initial contract and arranged for four partners to manufacture the Ruby for them:
Armeria Elgoibaressa y Cia (under the brand name Lusitania)
Echealaza y Vincinai y Cia
Hijos de Angel Echeverria y Cia
Iraola Salaverria y Cia
The contract stipulated that each company would produce a minimum of 5,000 pistols per month. Gabilondo would produce 10,000 guns, carry out overall quality control and arrange delivery to the French authorities. As the number of pistols required increased, the company agreed to purchase any pistols in excess of the agreed number at the same contracted price.
As the French became more desperate, the procurement process spiraled out of control. Eventually Gabilondo contracted with another three companies and at least 45 other companies contracted with the French directly to produce Ruby-type pistols in a variety of calibres, barrel lengths and magazine capacities.
Estimates of Gabilondo Ruby production are between 250,000 and 300,000 pistols in total. While most Gabilondo produced pistols were of good quality, others were less well made. French officials quickly became aware that few of the Spanish Ruby-types had interchangeable magazines, and insisted the manufacturers mark the base of all magazines. This was to prevent the possibly fatal consequence at the front line of either not being able to insert a new magazine, or having a loaded magazine detach from the gun in action. Many Ruby-types were plagued by poor finish and incorrectly hardened steel parts which after a short period of use wore so badly that pistols fired on full-auto. On other pistols, the safety mechanism wore out. The good quality Rubies were reliable and accurate, although some users were disconcerted by the lack of a visible hammer. About 710,000 Ruby types were accepted by the French from all sources and by 1920, about 580,000 were still serviceable and in French army stores. Many other allied nations, and some of the new nations created after the War such as Finland and Yugoslavia also used Ruby-type pistols. Gabilondo ceased production in 1919 and switched to more advanced models, but other firms continued to produce the Ruby-type until the Great Depression wiped out many arms producers.
Bufalo and Danton
In 1919, Gabilondo introduced the Bufalo, a pistol inspired by the Browning designed FN model 1910. While resembling the 1910 closely externally, the mechanism had some features carried over from the Browning model 1903. The striker was replaced with a concealed hammer, and in those models fitted with a grip safety, the Browning design was replaced with a native design patented in Spain. The Bufalo was manufactured in 7.65 mm/.32 ACP, and 9 mm corto/.380 ACP with seven-, nine-, and twelve-round removable magazines.
For the first time a Spanish product appears to have inspired copies by foreign makers, in the form of the FN Model 1910/22 supplied to the Yugoslavian military, to replace worn out, nine shot Ruby-types supplied during the war.
The Danton, introduced in 1925 to replace the Bufalo, was very similar but also available in 6.35 mm/.25 ACP calibre. Despite being marked "War Model" and being fitted with a lanyard ring, these pistols attracted no official military sales, but were popular private-purchase and police weapons. Both guns were a great success, with one exporter alone shipping 100 pistols a day to the US. Production of the Danton was stopped in 1933.
Ruby Plus Ultra
The Ruby Plus Ultra (named for the Spanish national motto) was made between 1928 and 1933. It was an improved version of the earlier Ruby but had a 22-round double-stack magazine. Models with an extended 140 mm barrel, but standard length slide were available, as were models with selective fire capability. These features were most popular in the Asian market, and sales to both Chinese warlords and Japanese pilots are recorded. Many of these arms were used during the Second World War. These were not purchased officially by the Japanese forces, but as private purchase weapons through the Japanese equivalent of the Army and Navy Stores. During the Spanish Civil War volunteers in the International Brigade also favoured these early high-capacity weapons.
Ruby "Colt" transitional models
Around 1931 Gabilondo began to make copies of the Colt 1905 in .45 ACP and 9 mm Largo without a grip safety and with a nine-shot magazine. These were simply marked with the Ruby trademark and the calibre. Some Gabilondo 1905's were reportedly marked with the trademark "Iñaki" as well.
Llama
The Llama trademark was registered in 1932 and pistols started to appear in 1933. There seems to have been a desire by Gabilondo for a clean break with the Ruby brand, given the adverse reputation that wartime Ruby-type pistols acquired (the majority of which, ironically, were not even manufactured by Gabilondo). These were based on the Colt M1911 and later the improved Colt Model 1911A1 model of 1924, but without the grip safety. Very early models were advertised in .45 ACP, 9mm Largo and 7.63mm Mauser. The Llama IV was the first model to appear, but was not numbered until a later date. The Llama V was chambered for 9mm Largo, .38 ACP, .38 Super, and 9mm Parabellum for sale in the US. The Llama VII was chambered for 9mm Largo, .38 ACP, .38 super, 9mm Parabellum and came it two different versions, a regular 5" length barrel and the Extra with a 5 1/2" barrel. There are reports that 12,000 were purchased by the British SOE at Gibraltar and stored for use in Spain if Germany had invaded, a Llama being bought by the British in 1944 for use by the S.O.E. but which gun cannot be confirmed if it actually happened.
Concurrent with the release of these large models, Gabilondo replaced the Danton with the Llama I and Llama II. The Llama I was manufactured from 1933 to 1954 and resembled a miniature copy of Colt 1911 in 7.65 mm/.32 ACP. As a locked breach was unnecessary for a pistol in this calibre, it was eliminated, as was the grip safety. Similar to previous Gabilondo models it had a nine-round magazine. The Llama II was manufactured from 1933 to 1954, The Llama II was chambered in 9 mm Corto/.380 ACP with an eight-round magazine and without grip safety. The Llama III was introduced with a grip safety, locked breech and continued to be made until 1954. It was made in the same calibre and magazine capacity. Refer to http://www.carbinesforcollectors.com/llamapage.html for accurate pictures of the guns. Llama never made a Stainless Steel gun as some report them to be, they are all chrome plated either bright or satin.
Tauler and Mugica brands
In the 1930s, Gabilondo manufactured its pistols under the brand names "Tauler" and "Mugica" for worldwide export, mainly to the Americas and Asia.
Tauler was a famous Spanish target shooter and Olympic medalist who became a gunsmith, opening a shop in Madrid and he eventually began exporting weapons. He had the full range of Llama pistols manufactured bearing his trademark and name, with a variety of minor improvements of his own design. Markings on the pistols were in English, suggesting he had the British Commonwealth and North American markets in mind, although in the past other firms had also used these in an attempt to mislead semi-literate customers that they were buying American made weapons. He was also an agent of the Spanish secret service, and used his connections to encourage sales to his fellow agents, government departments and police authorities. Tauler pistols were only manufactured between 1933 and 1936.
Tauler and Llama pistol comparison
Jose Cruz Mugica was the owner of a large shotgun factory located in Eibar. In the 1930s he contracted to export pistols to the Thai government, but after the occupation of that country by Japan he was forced to concentrate on other markets, mainly in China. Most of his products were Llama models marked with his own brand name. Mugica pistols were made between 1931 and 1954, with some interruptions due to the Spanish Civil War and its aftermath.
Mugica and Llama pistol comparisons
Omni and Spanish military competition
In the late 1970s, the Spanish military began modernizing their handguns. The extensive trials continued into the 1980s and Llama-Gabilondo proposed first, the Omni series, and then later a new model, the M-82. Both entries were radical departures from their normal products and used the latest technology.
The first Omni dispensed with the Browning 1911-style swinging link in favour of the Browning 1935-type fixed cam to lock the breech. Apart from the method of locking the breech, other features of the pistol were highly innovative. Three new magazine designs were tried. Omni I was a .45 ACP pistol with a single stack 7-round magazine. Omni II was a 9 mm parabellum pistol with a single stack 9-round magazine. Omni III was a 9 mm parabellum pistol with a double stack 13-round magazine, however the first five rounds fed into the action in a single column to reduce the likelihood of jamming. Another feature was the two-piece ball-jointed firing pin, which was designed to never break. Additionally the Omni had dual sear bars for improved trigger pull; a trigger safety; finger-contoured trigger guard and a decocking manual safety lever. The wealth of features meant the Omni was an expensive pistol to make compared to previous models, and together with its radical appearance, this discouraged commercial sales. Production of the Omni therefore ceased in 1986.
Despite the Omni's lack of success, it was used as the point of departure for the military M-82 design. While the appearance of the pistol remained the same, the mechanism was completely changed and numerous features copied from the Beretta M-92 including the locking mechanism, the trigger mechanism and the number of rounds (15) in the magazine. However, the open-topped slide of the Beretta was rejected in favour of a traditional closed slide with ejection port. An extractor-mounted loaded chamber indicator, reversible magazine release and ambidextrous safety levers were also included. Military models had a magazine safety, but this could be removed on request for commercial customers. The M-82 began production in 1986 and was adopted by the Spanish forces in 1987 as Modelo M-82 Doble Accion. Commercial models experience difficulties feeding some brands of hollowpoint ammunition, and unsurprisingly, best reliability is achieved with NATO specification ball ammunition.
The Llama M-87 was introduced in 1986. This was a high-grade competition pistol based on M-82 with extended barrel, compensator, muzzle weight, target sights, target trigger, additional manual safety, extended magazine release, extended safety levers, beveled magazine well, and two-tone finish (chrome with blued slide). Despite the high price, (Retail $US1,450) the M-87 was greeted with excellent reviews on release. However the glowing reviews were unable to overcome distrust of so many innovations on such an expensive gun.
Llama in the 1990s
The great success of the Para-Ordnance high-capacity 1911-type pistols led to design changes to some models starting in 1994.
The Llama IX-C was manufactured from 1994 to 1997. It was similar to the Llama IX-A except for the 12-round double column magazine. This large-framed pistol had a -inch barrel and was inches long overall with a height of inches. It was fitted with a special Swartz safety, first used by Colt in the 1930s, to prevent accidental discharge when the pistol is dropped on a hard surface. Because of the thickness of the magazine well, the arched mainspring housing was reduced in size to allow a better grip for normal sized hands. Following the passage of the US Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act late in 1994, magazine capacity was dropped to 10 rounds in and several minor changes made to the shape of hammer and safety.
The next model to be released, in 1995, was the MAX-1 pistol. This was Llamas equivalent to the Colt Government model. This conformed more closely to the Colt 1911-A1 than any previous Llama, and removed some of the traditional Llama features such as the ventilated rib. However the slimmer mainspring housing from the IX-C was retained, a move considered by smaller-handed shooters to give this model superior handling qualities. The ban on the import of Chinese weapons contributed to this models success in the low-cost "1911 clone" market, although there were problems fitting many aftermarket 1911 accessories.
A smaller model, the MAX-1 C/F (MAX-1 Compact) was introduced not long afterwards. This is shorter and lighter than the MAX-1 but retains the same magazine capacity (7-round in .45 ACP; 9-round in 9mm Parabellum).
Llama Mini Max Sub-Compact 45 II, Mini-Max sub-compact]]
In late 1995, the Llama Mini-Max was introduced. It was produced in 9mm Parabellum and 38 Super (8-round capacity), .40 S&W (7-round capacity) and .45 ACP (6-round capacity) with a 3.7-inch barrel. The overall length was 7.3 inches and the height 5.1 inches. Designed for concealed carry, it featured an extended safety lever, rounded hammer, Swartz safety, 3-dot sight, checkered neoprene grips and contoured trigger-guard. the use of a flared muzzle eliminated the traditional Llama barrel bushing and made disassemby easier. Standard 1911-type magazines could be used in the .45 ACP model, increasing capacity by one or two rounds. A wide range of finishes were available including matte blue, satin chrome, and two-tone. Initial reviews were disappointing citing mediocre accuracy and occasional malfunctions, but these may be related to quality control issues and ammunition choice rather than design failure.
In 1997, the Mini-Max II was launched. The Mini-Max II is similar to the original Mini-Max, but with a double column magazine with a 10-round capacity in 9 Parabellum, .40 S&W, and .45 ACP. Higher capacities were available for US law enforcement and international sales.
At the same time the Llama III-A was replaced by the Micro-Max. This was similar in style to the Minimax, with a matte black or satin-chrome finish and 3.75-inch barrel. Models imported into the US were chambered for 9mm corto/.380 ACP (7-round capacity) and 7.65mm/.32 ACP (8-round capacity).
Bankruptcy and rescue efforts
While an inability to rapidly modernise its manufacturing capability might have eventually doomed the company, it was the Asian Economic Crisis of the early 1990s that directly brought about the crisis that engulfed Llama. Spanish banks that had extended bad loans in East Asia tried to cover their losses by restricting credit domestically, including to Llama.
Llama filed for bankruptcy in 1992, and in 1993 sixty of its gunsmiths and employees formed a co-operative to buy the Llama name and all of the equipment. These Gabilondo employees negotiated over a protracted period and finalised the transfer around 2000.
The cooperative that took over was named Fabrinor Arma Corta y Microfusion, S.A. They moved the factory to Legutiano, and attempted to sell off Llama’s old property holdings. The company began to diversify offering not just handguns but precision parts made by investment casting.
The main problem with the new group was sales were not rising fast enough to cover the old debt they inherited from Llama. Fabrinor was able to reschedule the debts in 2002 and again in 2003, but even public listing on the stock market didn't help generate the funds required.
Because of regulatory intervention, Fabrinor was compelled to call a special shareholder meeting on 12 January 2005, to reveal fully to shareholders the company's financial situation, its plans to restructure into a limited partnership and the latest plans to reschedule its inherited debts. The plans were rejected and the plant in Legutiano was closed.
Star (Bonifacio Echevarria S.A.) had gone under in 1993, its assets sold to rival Astra (Esperanza y Unceta, later Societa Unceta y Cia, then Astra-Unceta y Cia, finally Astar S.A.), which in turn collapsed completely in 1997. With the long lingering collapse of Fabrinor, the ruling post-depression triumvirate of Spanish pistol makers came to an end.
Model listing - self-loading pistols
Radium Manufactured from 1910 to 1915. Self-loading pistol, hammerless, frame mounted safety, manufactured in 6.35 mm/.25 ACP, six-round fixed magazine with sliding cover.
Ruby Manufactured from 1914 to 1919. Self-loading pistol, copy of the FN Model 1903, hammerless, frame mounted safety, manufactured in 7.65 mm/.32 ACP, nine-round removable magazine.
Bufalo Manufactured from 1919 to 1925. Self-loading pistol, copy of the FN Model 1910, internal hammer, manufactured in 7.65 mm/.32 ACP, and 9 mm Corto/.380 ACP with seven, nine, and twelve-round removable magazines. Also available in a gun marked Ruby Arms Co.
Danton Manufactured from 1925 to 1933. Self-loading pistol, copy of the FN Model 1910, internal hammer, manufactured in 6.35 mm/.25 ACP, 7.65 mm/.32 ACP, and 9 mm Corto/.380 ACP with seven-round, nine-round (85 mm barrel), and twelve-round (100 mm barrel) removable magazines.
Ruby Plus Ultra Manufactured from 1925 to 1933. Self-loading pistol, copy of the FN Model 1903, hammerless, frame mounted safety, manufactured in 7.65 mm/.32 ACP with 22-round double-column removable magazine. Some with 140 mm extended barrel, weight 1,000 grams. Some models were selective fire.
Llama I Manufactured from 1933 to 1954. Self-loading pistol, blowback operation, miniature copy of Colt 1911 in 7.65 mm/.32 ACP with nine-round magazine without a grip safety.
Llama II Manufactured from 1933 to 1954. Self-loading pistol, locked breech operation, miniature copy of Colt 1911 in 9 mm Corto/.380 ACP with eight-round magazine and without grip safety.
Llama III Manufactured from 1936 to 1954. Self-loading pistol, locked breech operation, miniature copy of Colt 1911A1 in 9 mm Corto/.380 ACP with seven-round magazine and with grip safety.
Llama III-A Manufactured from 1954 to 1997. Self-loading pistol, blowback operation (earlier models up to about 1975: locked breech), miniature copy of Colt 1911 in 9 mm Corto/.380 ACP with seven-round magazine and with grip safety. Also fitted with longer manual safety lever. Early models fitted with lanyard ring; later models replaced this with a ventilated rib and plastic target grips. Luxury finishes (including gold plating) and various engraving options were available. One of the most successful models in the Llama range.
Llama IV Manufactured from 1932 to 1954. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, copy of Colt 1911A1 in 9 mm Largo, 38acp with eight-round magazine, lanyard ring and without grip safety.
Llama V Manufactured from 1932 to 1954. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, copy of Colt 1911A1 in 9mm Largo, 38acp .38 Super and 9mmP without grip safety. For US export market.
Llama VI Manufactured from 1932 to 1954. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, miniature copy of Colt 1911A1 in 9 mm corto/.380 ACP with grip safety. This gun looked like the model III but had a barrel that was shorter and held only 6 rounds in the magazine. Usually marked Special Police on the right of slide.
Llama VII Manufactured from 1932 to 1954. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, copy of Colt 1911A1 in 9mm Largo,38 ACP and 9mmP with eight-round magazine, with grip safety. Available as Llama Extra model, one marked and Military and Police One marked Especial and one not marked in any way.
Llama VIII Manufactured from 1932 to 1985. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, copy of Colt 1911A1 in .38 Super with eight-round magazine, grip safety, ventilated rib (in later models), single stack 8-round magazine and lanyard ring. A large capacity model, the Llama VIII-C, with a twin column 18-round magazine, rounded hammer spur and neoprene grips was made in the 1980s.
Llama IX Manufactured from 1932 to 1954. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, copy of Colt 1911A1 in .45 ACP, with single-column 7-round magazine and lanyard ring.
Llama IX-A Manufactured from 1955 to 1985. Identical to the Llama IX with a grip safety and a ventilated rib. This model was the mainstay of Llama's American export market.
Llama IX-B Compact version of Llama IX-A.
Llama IX-C Manufactured from 1994 to 1997. Similar to the Llama IX-A except for the 12-round double column magazine, inspired by the Para-Ordnance .45 calibre pistols. Fitted with special Swartz Safety to prevent accidental discharge when the pistol is dropped. Magazine capacity was later dropped to 10 rounds in late 1994 and several minor changes made to the hammer and safety.
Llama IX-D Very similar to the IX-C model but featuring a shorter length barrel. 4.25 in (108 mm) as opposed to the IX-C's 5 in (127 mm) barrel. Probably inspired by the commander version of the Colt 1911.
Llama X-A Manufactured from 1950 to 1997. Self-loading pistol, blow-back operation, miniature copy of Colt 1911 in 7.65 mm/.32 ACP with grip safety and loaded chamber indicator. Identical to III-A except for calibre.
Llama XI Especial Manufactured from 1933 to 1954 and again in 1970 for a few years. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, based on Colt 1911A1 but with more ergonomic frame, in 9 mm Parabellum with lanyard ring and without grip safety. Ribbed wooden grips or plastic in the 1970 model, rounded-hammer, eight-round magazine. Well regarded, widely exported to Asia and popular during Spanish Civil War.
Llama XI-A and Llama XI-B Manufactured from 1955 to 1995. Self-loading pistol, locked breech and blowback, based on Colt 1911A1, in 9 mm Parabellum with grip safety. Checkered wooden or plastic grips, spurred hammer, eight-round magazine. Apart from name and calibre, not directly based on Llama XI Especial. The Llama XI-B was a compact model. Subject to recalls in 1984 (Llama XI-A) and 1992 (Llama XI-B) due to risk of accidental discharge.
Llama XII-B Manufactured from 1990 to 1995. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, based on Colt 1911A1, in .40 S&W calibre.
Llama XV "Especial" Manufactured from 1954 to 1997. Self-loading pistol, blowback operation, miniature copy of Colt 1911 in .22 LR with grip safety. Identical to Llama III-A except for calibre.
Llama XVI Manufactured from 1954 to 1997. Self-loading pistol, blowback operation, miniature copy of Colt 1911 in .22 LR with grip safety. Identical to Llama XV except for luxury finish (including gold plating) and various engraving options.
Llama XVII Manufactured from 1963 to 1969. Self-loading pistol, blow-back operation in .22 RF, with single-column six-round magazine. Smaller version of Llama XV. One of the smallest Spanish pistols ever made, it was discontinued due to the US Gun Control Act of 1968.
Llama XVIII Manufactured 1963–1969. Self-loading pistol, blow-back operation in 6.35 mm/.25 ACP, with single-column six-round magazine. Smaller version of Llama XV. One of the smallest Spanish pistols ever made, it was discontinued due to the US Gun Control Act of 1968.
Llama XIX Manufactured from 1954 to 1997. Self-loading pistol, blowback operation, miniature copy of Colt 1911 in 9 mm corto/.380 ACP with grip safety. Also had a longer manual safety lever. Identical to Llama III-A except for lighter weight aluminum alloy frame.
Omni I Manufactured from approximately 1980–1986. Self-loading pistol, original design with Browning 1935-type locked breech, in 45 ACP with single column seven-round magazine. Numerous modern features such as de-cocker safety lever.
Omni II Manufactured from approximately 1980–1986. Self-loading pistol, original design with Browning 1935-type locked breech, in 9 mm Parabellum with single column nine-round magazine. Numerous modern features such as de-cocker safety lever.
Omni III Manufactured approximately 1980–1986. Self-loading pistol, original design with Browning 1935-type locked breech, in 9 mm Parabellum with double column 13-round magazine. Numerous modern features such as de-cocker safety lever.
Llama M-82 Manufactured from 1986 to 1997. Self-loading pistol, original design with Beretta falling-block type locked breech, in 9 mm Parabellum with double-stack 15-round magazine. Numerous modern features such as ambidextrous de-cocker safety lever, magazine safety, reversible magazine release. Best reliability with NATO specification ball ammunition. Adopted by Spanish Military in 1987.
Llama M-87 Manufactured from 1986 to 1997. Self-loading pistol, original design with Beretta falling-block type locked breech, in 9 mm parabellum with double-stack 15-round magazine. Numerous modern features such as ambidextrous de-cocker safety lever, magazine safety, reversible magazine release. High-grade competition pistol based on M-82 with extended barrel, compensator, muzzle weight, target sights, target trigger, additional manual safety, extended magazine release, extended safety levers, and two-tone finish (chrome with blued slide). Despite the high price, the M-87 was greeted with excellent reviews on release
Llama MAX-1 Also called MAX-I Government. Manufactured from 1995 to 2005. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, Colt 1911A1 "clone", in .45 ACP (7-round magazine) .40 S&W (8-round magazine) and in 9 mm Parabellum (9-round magazine) but with reduced size mainspring housing. -inch barrel. High-polish blue or satin-chrome finish.
Llama MAX-2 Manufactured from 1995-????. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, Colt 1911-A1 "clone", in .38 super with double-column 18-round magazine and reduced-size mainspring housing. Also manufactured a 10-round .45 ACP model with a double-stack magazine and a -inch barrel. For IPSC (International Practical Shooting Confederation) competition. Limited manufacture.
Llama MAX-I C/F Also called Max-I Compact. Manufactured 1995-????. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, Colt 1911-A1 "clone", in .45 ACP (7-round magazine), .40 S&W (8-round magazine) and in 9 mm Parabellum (9-round magazine) but with reduced size mainspring housing. High polish blue or satin-chrome finish. Shorter (4.25-inch barrel) and lighter model of the MAX-I.
Llama Mini-Max Manufactured from 1995–2005. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, miniature version of Colt 1911-A1 in 9 mm Parabellum and 38 Super (8-round capacity), .40 S&W (7-round capacity) and .45 ACP (6-round capacity) with a 3.7-inch barrel. Extended safety lever, rounded hammer, Swartz safety, 3-dot sight, checkered neoprene grips and contoured trigger-guard. Standard 1911-type magazines could be used in the .45 ACP model to give 7 or 8-round capacity. Finishes include matte blue, satin chrome, two-tone and stainless steel.
Llama Mini-Max II Manufactured from 1997 to 2005. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, miniature version of Colt 1911-A1 in 9 mm Parabellum (10-round capacity), .40 S&W (10-round capacity) and .45 ACP (10-round capacity) with a 3.7-inch barrel. Extended safety lever, rounded hammer, Swartz safety, 3-dot sight, checkered neoprene grips. International model available with higher capacity magazine.
Llama Micro-Max Manufactured from early 1996 to 2005. Self-loading pistol, blow-back operation, miniature version of Colt 1911-A1 in 9 mm Corto/.380 ACP (7-round capacity) and 7.65 mm/.32 ACP (8-round capacity). Extended safety lever, rounded hammer. Matt black finish only. Replacement for Llama III-A. Also available in high polished chrome.
Model listing - revolvers
Early production revolvers from 1904 to 1914
Nagant revolvers in 7.62mm Nagant and 8mm Lebel.
Colt New Service copies in .32 S&W Long and 7.62 Nagant.
Vélodog-style revolvers in 5.5 mm Vélodog, .22LR, 6.35 mm/.25 ACP, and 7.65 mm/.32 ACP.
Ruby Extra revolvers represented Gabilondo's economy range of revolvers. Manufactured from 1955 to 1970 they are copies of the Smith & Wesson Military and Police models, but fitted with coiled mainspring. They were very popular in the Philippines and South America.
Model 12 (XII): .38 Special calibre revolver with 5-inch barrel and service grips.
Model 13 (XIII): .38 Special calibre revolver with 4- or 6-inch barrel and ventilated rib. Rounded grips on 4-inch model. Adjustable sights and target grips on 6-inch model. First Llama model with eccentric-cam firing pin safety. Llama was the first manufacturer to use this system on their revolvers.
Model 14 (XIV): .22 LR and .32 S&W long revolver with 2-, 4- or 6-inch barrel and various sights.
Llama revolvers had a better standard of manufacture and higher price. Manufactured from 1969 to 1978 and based on the Smith & Wesson Military and Police model but fitted with coiled mainspring.
Martial: .38 Special calibre revolver with 2-, 4- or 6-inch barrel, ventilated rib and adjustable rear sights. A similar revolver, also chambered in .38 Special, was sold marked "Martial Police"
Model 22 (XXII): .38 Special calibre double action steel-framed target revolver. Adjustable sights and target grips. Deluxe "Olimpico" model available.
Model 23 (XXIII): .38 special double action blued steel revolver. Long and reinforced barrel with ventilated ribs, muzzle suppressor, adjustable sights, 'sports grip' and adjustable trigger. the "Olympic" version of the XXII.
Model 24 (XXIV): .22 LR double action blued steel revolver. Long and reinforced barrel with ventilated ribs, muzzle suppressor, adjustable sights, 'sports grip' and adjustable trigger. The .22 LR "Olympic" version of the XXII/I.
Model 26 (XXVI): .22 LR calibre double action steel-framed revolver.
Model 27 (XXVII): .32 S&W Long revolver calibre double action steel-framed revolver.
Model 28 (XVIII): .22 LR calibre double action alloy-framed revolver.
Model 29 (XIX): .22 LR double action steel-framed target revolver. Adjustable sights and target grips. Deluxe "Olimpico" model available.
Model 30 (XXX): .22 Magnum calibre double action steel-framed revolver.
Model 32 (XXXII): .32 S&W long revolver calibre double action steel-framed target revolver. Adjustable sights and target grips. Deluxe "Olimpico" model available.
Comanche revolvers were the flagship of Gabilondo's revolver range produced from 1975 to 1997. They were copies of large framed Smith & Wesson revolvers. Although of a very high standard, they were unable to compete successfully in the US market.
Comanche: In .357 Magnum calibre with 4- or 6-inch barrel. Renamed Comanche III in 1977.
Comanche I: .22 LR calibre with 6-inch barrel, ventilated rib, adjustable rear sight, wide spur hammer. Chrome finish and engraving options available.
Comanche II: .38 special calibre with four- or six-inch barrel, ventilated rib, adjustable rear sight, wide spur hammer. Chrome finish and various engraving options available.
Comanche III: Renamed Comanche .357 with four- or six-inch barrel, ventilated rib, adjustable rear sight, wide spur hammer. Chrome finish and various engraving options available.
Comanche IV/ .44 Magnum Super Comanche: .44 Magnum with 6 or 8.5-inch barrel, ventilated rib, adjustable rear sight, wide spur hammer, extra wide trigger. Oversize walnut target grips and blued finish only. Discontinued 1994.
Comanche V/ .357 Magnum Super Comanche: .357 Magnum with 4, 6, or 8.5-inch barrel, ventilated rib, adjustable rear sight, wide spur hammer, extra wide trigger. Oversize walnut target grips and blued finish only. Discontinued 1994.
Scorpio and Picolo were Gabilondo's first entry into the compact pocket revolver range since their early revolvers of 1904–1914.
Scorpio: .22LR and .32 S&W Long calibre with two-inch unribbed barrel, low profile sights, rounded grips, steel frame.
Picolo: .22LR and .32 S&W Long calibre with two-inch unribbed barrel, low profile sights, rounded grips, alloy frame.
See also
Astra-Unceta y Cia SA, another former Spanish handgun manufacturer
ASTAR
Star Bonifacio Echeverria, S.A.
References
Firearm manufacturers of Spain
Defunct manufacturing companies of Spain
Defunct firearms manufacturers
Semi-automatic pistols of Spain
Weapons of Spain
1911 platform
.25 ACP semi-automatic pistols
.32 ACP semi-automatic pistols
.380 ACP semi-automatic pistols
7.62×38mmR firearms
8 mm firearms
.22 LR pistols
9mm Largo firearms
.45 ACP semi-automatic pistols
7.63×25mm Mauser firearms
.38 Super semi-automatic pistols
9mm Parabellum semi-automatic pistols
.40 S&W semi-automatic pistols
.38 Special firearms
.32 S&W Long firearms
.357 Magnum firearms
.44 Magnum firearms
Spanish companies established in 1904
Manufacturing companies established in 1904
Spanish companies disestablished in 2005
Industrial history of Spain |
15829873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsas%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Marsas, Hautes-Pyrénées | Marsas is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marseillan%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Marseillan, Hautes-Pyrénées | Marseillan (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Caretaker%20Trilogy | The Caretaker Trilogy | The Caretaker Trilogy is a series of science fiction thrillers with an ecological theme, written for young adults by David Klass. The first book in the series, Firestorm (2006), was the first book ever endorsed by Greenpeace and was praised by critics for its combination of entertainment value and environmental message, garnering an American Library Association (ALA) Best Book citation, a starred review from Publishers Weekly, and a favorable review by the New York Times Book Review. The story focuses on Jack Danielson, a teenager sent back from the future to save the world's oceans. Whirlwind, the second book in the Caretaker Trilogy, tells the story of Jack's efforts to save the Amazon rain forest; published in March 2008 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. The third book in the trilogy is Timelock, published in 2009.
Firestorm has been optioned by Warner Bros. and the production company Thunder Road.
Novels
Firestorm
Gradually Jack learns that he is from 1000 years in the future, when the earth is an ecological wasteland. His true parents are among the Caretakers, who live in that future, and he has been sent back to the present, to the Turning Point, the last opportunity to stop the environmental disasters that the Dark Army has set in play in order to ruin the world. With the help of an unusual dog and a shape-shifting female fighter.
Jack faces the diabolical Dargon, sent back from the future by the Dark Army with plans to trigger the ruin of the world's oceans.
Whirlwind
The sequel to Firestorm. Jack is accused of kidnapping PJ but is quickly found by Gisco as they set off on their second adventure. They have a wild run in at a carnival, a hot air balloon ride, and a full out war with the leader of the Dark Army, the father of his previous enemy. This time around instead of the ocean it is the Amazon which makes most of the earth's air. In the rain forest Jack finds Eko and after some romantic scenes they find Kidah, a mysterious wizard lost in time, also the wizard who wrote the prophecy about Jack. After another successful mission Jack promises to give up on the future's battle with the dark army and throws the watch into the Amazon River.
Timelock
Although longing for a normal life, in the final novel of the trilogy Jack has to save the polar ice caps. He visits his own time, a world of burning deserts, and has to choose between his destiny as a prince of the future and his life as an ordinary present-day teenager. He battles cyborgs, giant scorpions and zombie warlocks.
References
External links
David Klass at Farrar, Straus & Giroux
Young adult novel series
2000s science fiction novels
Science fiction novel trilogies
Farrar, Straus and Giroux books |
15829910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascaras | Mascaras | Mascaras may refer to the following places in France:
Mascaras, Gers, a commune in the Gers department
Mascaras, Hautes-Pyrénées, a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department
See also
Mascara (disambiguation) |
15829930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai%20Super%20Kings | Chennai Super Kings | Chennai Super Kings (CSK) is a professional cricket franchise based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, that competes in the Indian Premier League. Founded in 2008, the team plays its home matches at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai. The team is owned by India Cements through its Chennai Super Kings Cricket Limited holding company. They have won a record five IPL titles (shared with Mumbai Indians), appeared in a record 10 finals and have qualified for the playoff stages 12 times out of the 14 seasons they have played, more than any other team. The team has been captained by MS Dhoni since inception and is currently coached by Stephen Fleming. In January 2022, CSK became India's first unicorn sports enterprise.
The team was suspended for two years from the IPL starting July 2015 due to the involvement of its owners in the 2013 IPL betting case, and won the title in its comeback season of 2018. In addition, they have also won the Champions League Twenty20 in 2010 and 2014. They are the second most valuable IPL franchise with a valuation of roughly $1.15 billion as of 2022.
History
In September 2007, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced the establishment of the Indian Premier League, a Twenty20 competition to be started in 2008. In January 2008, the BCCI unveiled the owners of eight city-based franchises. The Chennai franchise was sold to the India Cements for $91 million, making it the fourth most expensive team in the league behind Mumbai, Bangalore and Hyderabad. India Cements acquired the rights to the franchise for 10 years. Former ICC Chairman N. Srinivasan was the de facto owner of the Chennai Super Kings, by means of his position as the vice-chairman and managing director of India Cements Ltd. The franchisee was transferred to a separate entity named Chennai Super Kings Cricket Ltd., after the Supreme Court of India struck down the controversial amendment to the BCCI constitution's clause 6.2.4 that allowed board officials to have a commercial interest in the IPL and the Champions League Twenty20 on 22 January 2015.
2008–2009: First seasons
During the first player auctions for the inaugural IPL season conducted in January 2008, the Chennai franchise bought a number of contemporary star cricketers such as Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Matthew Hayden, Stephen Fleming, Muttiah Muralitharan and Michael Hussey. Dhoni became the costliest player of the auction, as the Chennai franchise bought him for $1.5 million. The franchise named Dhoni as the captain of the team and appointed Kepler Wessels as the head coach. They played their first game on 19 April 2008 against Kings XI Punjab at Mohali. The Super Kings won the game by 33 runs after posting 240/5 in 20 overs, which was the highest total of the tournament, a record surpassed by themselves in 2010. The Super Kings ended the league stage with eight wins from 14 games and finished third on the points table. They beat the Kings XI Punjab by 9 wickets in the semifinal. The Super Kings faced the Rajasthan Royals in the final of the IPL at Mumbai. Batting first, the Super Kings scored 163/5 in 20 overs and lost the game by 3 wickets off the final delivery of the match. They also earned a spot in the inaugural Champions League Twenty20 along with Rajasthan, but the tournament was canceled due to the 2008 Mumbai attacks and the Super Kings, along with Rajasthan, received $5 million each as compensation. Fleming, who had decided to retire from all forms of the game after the first season of the IPL, took over as the coach of the Super Kings team from Wessels for the next season which was to be held in South Africa.
For the 2009 season, the Super Kings bought English all-rounder Andrew Flintoff for $1.55 million at the auction making him the highest-paid IPL cricketer along with English teammate Kevin Pietersen who was bought for the same amount by Royal Challengers Bangalore. However, Flintoff played only 3 matches for them before suffering a knee injury that ruled him out of the season. The Super Kings were also without the services of Hussey who had decided to skip the IPL season to focus on The Ashes. The Super Kings finished with 17 points from 14 matches and earned a second place at the league table. However, at the semi-finals, their hopes of entering the final for a second time were crushed by the Royal Challengers who beat them by 6 wickets. The Super Kings opener Matthew Hayden, who scored 572 runs in 12 innings with 5 half-centuries at an average of 52 and strike-rate of 145, won the Orange Cap for the leading run-scorer of the season and was also adjudged Player of the Tournament.
2010: IPL and CLT20 double
In 2010, the Super Kings struggled in the first half of the regular season, winning only two matches out of seven. They won four of their next five games in the season mainly due to the efforts of Murali Vijay and Suresh Raina. After a defeat at home to the Delhi Daredevils, the Super Kings were left with a must-win match against Kings XI Punjab at Dharamshala. The Super Kings won the match by six wickets as they chased down the target of 193 with two balls to spare with skipper Dhoni scoring an unbeaten 54 from 29 balls. Thus, with seven wins from 14 matches, Chennai finished with the same number of points as three other teams with two semi-final spots at stake. Chennai got the third place as they had the better net run rate of the four teams which finished on 14 points. In the semifinal, the Super Kings scored a modest 142/7 in 20 overs against the defending champions Deccan Chargers. But an inspired bowling spell from Doug Bollinger (4/13 in four overs) did the most damage as the Chargers were bowled out for 104. This gave the Super Kings a 38-run victory that took them to the final. The Super Kings faced the tournament favourites Mumbai Indians at their home ground in the final. Suresh Raina's 57 (35) helped the Super Kings recover from 68/3 after 12 overs to put up 168/5 at the end of their 20 overs. Then, their spin duo of Ravichandran Ashwin and Muralitharan conceded only 41 runs in the 8 overs bowled between them to help the Super Kings won the game by 22 runs and secure their first ever IPL title. With this, the Super Kings also qualified for the 2010 Champions League Twenty20 that was held in South Africa.
At the Champions League, the Super Kings were placed in Group A along with champions of Twenty20 competitions from Australia, South Africa, New Zealand and Sri Lanka. The Super Kings topped the Group table with three wins and a Super Over defeat to the Victorian Bushrangers. In the semi-final at Durban, the Super Kings comprehensively defeated IPL rivals Royal Challengers Bangalore by 52 runs. Raina won the Man of the Match for his unbeaten 94 off 48 balls. The Super Kings played their first CLT20 final at Johannesburg where they beat the Chevrolet Warriors by 8 wickets, becoming the first IPL team to win the CLT20. Murali Vijay won not only the Man of the Match in the final for his 58 but also the Golden Bat for scoring the most runs in the tournament and Ashwin, who was the leading wicket-taker, was adjudged the Player of the Series. At the end of the season, Matthew Hayden decided to retire from the IPL.
2011–2015: Success and suspension
In 2011, as two new teams were added to the IPL, the IPL Governing Council declared that each franchise could retain a maximum of four players of their squad, only three of whom can be Indian players, and the rest of the international players would be put in the mega-auction. The Chennai franchise, keen to have the same set of core players, retained captain MS Dhoni, vice-captain Suresh Raina, Murali Vijay and all-rounder Albie Morkel for a total of $4.5 million. The retention left them with the power of spending only $4.5 million at the mega-auction. At the auction, they bought back some of their star players of previous seasons such as Hussey, Ashwin, Bollinger and Subramaniam Badrinath. In the 2011 IPL, they lost three of their first five games which placed them at the bottom of the ten-team points table. But then, they went on to win seven of their next eight games to finish second and register a spot in the knockout stages. They faced the top-ranked team Royal Challengers Bangalore in the Qualifying final which they won by 6 wickets thanks to an unbeaten 73 from Suresh Raina. In the final, they faced the same opponents again, which was held at their home ground Chepauk. Vijay and Hussey put on a 133-run first-wicket partnership that helped the Super Kings to post a total of 205/5. Their bowlers, then, restricted Bangalore to only 147 to take the Super Kings to the second consecutive title in the IPL. Vijay was awarded Man of the Match for his match-winning innings of 95. CSK also won all their home games that season becoming the first team in IPL to achieve the feat. However at the Champions League later that year, they won only one out of their four group matches and finished at the bottom.
In 2012, the franchise signed up Indian all-rounder Ravindra Jadeja for $2 million at the players' auction. They got off to a rather slow start in the regular season, winning only five of their first 12 games which put them in doubt of qualifying for the Playoffs. Then they won three of their last four matches and qualified for the Playoffs with a better net run rate than the Royal Challengers who also finished with the same number of points. In the Eliminator, they beat the Mumbai Indians by 38 runs before comprehensively beating the table-toppers Delhi Daredevils in the Qualifying final by 86 runs. Murali Vijay, who struck his second IPL hundred (113 off 58 balls), won the Man of the Match. At the final, the Super Kings were defeated by 5 wickets by the Kolkata Knight Riders who chased down the target of 191 with two balls to spare, thus denying the Super Kings a hat-trick of titles in the IPL. At the Champions League, once again they could not progress past the group stage with two wins and two defeats.
In 2013, the Super Kings strengthened their bowling attack by signing up five overseas and five Indian bowlers. In the IPL season, they finished first in the points table with 11 wins from 16 matches and qualified for the Playoffs and 2013 CLT20. This was the first time in six seasons that the Super Kings had topped the league table of the IPL. During the season, they also equaled Royal Challengers Bangalore's 2011 record for most wins in succession in the IPL (7 wins on trot). In the first Qualifier at Delhi against Mumbai Indians, the Super Kings posted 192/1 in 20 overs riding on unbeaten half-centuries from Hussey (86* off 58 balls) and Raina (82* off 42 balls) before bowling out their opponents for 144. Thus they entered the final of the IPL for the fourth time in succession where they would play the same opponents, Mumbai Indians, at Kolkata. At the final, batting first, the Mumbai Indians made 148/9 in their 20 overs. In reply, the Super Kings were reduced to 39/6 at one stage before an unbeaten half-century from skipper Dhoni took them close to the target. However, the Mumbai Indians won the match by 23 runs to win their first ever IPL title. The Super Kings' opening batsman, Michael Hussey, who scored 733 runs that season at an average of 52, won the Orange Cap for the most runs in the season, while all-rounder Dwayne Bravo won the Purple Cap for bagging the most wickets (32). The Super Kings gained direct qualification for the 2013 CLT20 which was held in India in September–October. They were placed in Group B alongside Brisbane Heat, Sunrisers Hyderabad, Titans and Trinidad & Tobago. They won their first three games before losing the final group match against Trinidad & Tobago. With 12 points from four matches, the Super Kings progressed to the semifinals where they suffered a 14-run defeat at the hands of the Rajasthan Royals at Jaipur.
In 2014, before the players' mega-auction, Chennai retained Dhoni, Raina, Jadeja, Ashwin and Bravo. The retention left them with a purse of 21 crores to spend at the auction. At the auction, the franchise bought the likes of Brendon McCullum, Dwayne Smith, Faf du Plessis, Ashish Nehra, Mohit Sharma among others. The first phase of the IPL season, as it coincided with the general elections, was held in UAE. The second phase returned to India, but the Super Kings' home matches were shifted from Chennai, due to "a deadlock between stadium authorities and the state administration", to JSCA International Stadium in Ranchi. The Super Kings started the season with a defeat in the opening match, after which they went on to win eight of their next nine matches to take the first spot in the points table. However, they suffered a loss of form towards the end of the regular season which resulted in three consecutive defeats. They won their last league fixture and finished third in the points table and qualified for the Eliminator against the fourth-placed Mumbai Indians. They won the Eliminator at Mumbai by 7 wickets and qualified for the Qualifier. At the Qualifier against Kings XI Punjab, the Super Kings won the toss and elected to field. Punjab went on to score 226/6 in their 20 overs. The Super Kings, in reply, could manage only 202/7 despite a 25-ball 87 from Raina. They crashed out of the IPL, but, on account of finishing third, qualified for the main event of the 2014 CLT20. In the group stage of the CLT20, the Super Kings won two matches, lost one while another match was a no result. Thus with 10 points they finished second in the group table and qualified for the semifinal where they met the unbeaten team of the other group, Kings XI Punjab. After being put in to bat, the Super Kings posted 182/7 in 20 overs thanks to Bravo who scored a 39-ball 67. Then their bowlers reduced Punjab to 34/6 in the eighth over, before eventually bowling them out for 117. At the final in Bangalore, the Super Kings faced the IPL champions Kolkata Knight Riders who set them a target of 181 in 20 overs. Raina guided the run-chase with an unbeaten 109 off 62 balls, helping the team to an eight-wicket win and their second CLT20 title. Super Kings spinner Pawan Negi who took 5/22 during Kolkata's innings won the Man of the Match, and Raina, who finished as the highest run-getter of the tournament, was awarded Man of the Tournament.
In 2015, before the players' auction, Chennai Super Kings gave away Ben Hilfenhaus, John Hastings, Vijay Shankar and David Hussey. At the auction they bought back Michael Hussey for a price of ₹1.5 crores. They also bought Kyle Abbott, Irfan Pathan, Andrew Tye, Eklavya Dwivedi, Ankush Bains, Pratyush Singh and Rahul Sharma. In the final, they lost against Mumbai.
2018–present
2018
Ahead of the players mega auction, Chennai Super Kings retained Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Suresh Raina & Ravindra Jadeja. Additionally, Faf du Plessis and Dwayne Bravo were brought back into the side using RTM. The return of the Super Kings to the IPL was the cause of a large amount of celebration and fanfare amongst the fans, with a crowd of more than 10,000 turning up for the practice sessions held at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai before the start of the tournament.
Chennai's campaign started off with a thrilling one wicket win over the Mumbai Indians in the first match of the season thanks to an unbeaten 68 off 30 balls from Dwayne Bravo. Playing their first home game in Chennai, the Kings successfully managed to chase down a target of 202 set by the Kolkata Knight Riders, aided by a quickfire half-century by Sam Billings. The team then went on to lose to Kings XI Punjab in Mohali but bounced back by winning three matches in a row against the Rajasthan Royals, Sunrisers Hyderabad and Royal Challengers Bangalore. The Super Kings' next eight matches resulted in them alternating between victories and defeats by winning against the Delhi Daredevils, Royal Challengers Bangalore, Sunrisers Hyderabad and Kings XI Punjab and losing against the Mumbai Indians, Rajasthan Royals, Delhi Daredevils and the Kolkata Knight Riders. The league stage ended with the Super Kings in second place behind the Sunrisers. Chennai then went on to post back-to-back victories against the Sunrisers Hyderabad in the first qualifier and in the final to win the Indian Premier League for the third time since the inception of the tournament. Star all-rounder Shane Watson was judged Man of the Match for his 117* from 57 balls.
Three of the five centuries scored in the 2018 season were by players belonging to the Chennai Super Kings (Ambati Rayudu 100* and Shane Watson 106, 117*). The Super Kings also became the first team to defeat an opposing team (Sunrisers Hyderabad) four times in a single season.
2019
In 2019, the Super Kings was the first team to qualify for the Playoffs. They entered the final of the IPL for the eighth time in the league. At the final, batting first, the Mumbai Indians made 149/8 in their 20 overs. In reply, the Super Kings were able to make just one short of Mumbai's total 148/7 and lost the title. Super Kings' star bowler of the season Imran Tahir, who took 26 wickets, won the Purple Cap for bagging the most wickets.
2020
Before the 2020 season of the IPL, CSK roped in Sam Curran (₹5.5 crore), Josh Hazlewood (₹2 crore), Piyush Chawla (₹6.75 crore) and R. Sai Kishore (₹20 lakh). But due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the IPL was postponed and shifted to the UAE. CSK faced some early setbacks before the start of the season after cricketers Ruturaj Gaikwad and Deepak Chahar tested positive for the coronavirus. CSK's star batsman and vice-captain Suresh Raina and spinner Harbhajan Singh pulled out of the IPL citing personal reasons.
Despite the setbacks, CSK started the season off on a high by convincingly beating the defending champions Mumbai Indians in the inaugural game. But it was all downhill from here. CSK lost their next three games to the Rajasthan Royals, Delhi Capitals, and the Sunrisers Hyderabad. This was followed by an out-of-the-blue 10-wicket win over the Kings XI Punjab. The team then lost their next two matches to the Kolkata Knight Riders and the Royal Challengers Bangalore. CSK captain MS Dhoni drew a lot of criticism from the fans and supporters over his form and team selection after his comments on the team's youngsters lacking the "spark" to be backed by the management.
CSK were at the bottom of the table for most of the season and their play-offs hopes were crushed after facing a humiliating 10 wickets defeat against the Mumbai Indians.
CSK ended their campaign on a high note by winning their last three games against KKR, RCB, and KXIP, thanks to a hat-trick of fifties by youngster Ruturaj Gaikwad. He also became the first-ever CSK cricketer to score three consecutive fifties in the team's history. CSK finished 7th overall in the points table and failed to make the playoffs for the very first time.
CSK released many of their bad performers from the previous season like Piyush Chawla, Kedar Jadhav, and Murali Vijay before the player auctions for the 2021 season of the IPL. Shane Watson had announced his retirement following the conclusion of CSK's campaign.
2021
During the 2021 auctions, CSK picked up Test specialist Cheteshwar Pujara for the base price of Rs 50 lakh while spending a whopping Rs 9.25 crore on Krishnappa Gowtham, making the spinner the most expensive uncapped Indian buy ever. They also bought English all-rounder Moeen Ali for Rs 7 crore. Along with the three, CSK brought some uncapped Indian talents like Harishankar Reddy, Bhagath Varma, and Chezhian Harinishanth for their base price of Rs 20 lakh each. Rajasthan Royals player Robin Uthappa was traded to the Super Kings as well.
CSK began the first leg of the 2021 season with a loss against Delhi capitals. After that, they carried a consecutive 5-match winning streak, followed by a defeat against Mumbai Indians. Following the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the rise in COVID-19-positive cases in many team camps, the IPL was suspended midway and postponed.
When the second leg of the IPL resumed in the UAE, CSK carried a consecutive 4-match winning streak and thus, ensured its berth in the playoffs. CSK was the first team to qualify for playoffs in the 2021 season. CSK completed the league stage by losing the last 3 matches. Yet, CSK managed to remain within the top 2 places in the points table throughout the season.
In Qualifier 1, CSK beat Delhi Capitals to storm into finals for the 9th time in their history. In the finals, CSK showcased an all-round performance against KKR to clinch their 4th IPL title.
2022
In January 2022, CSK became India's first unicorn sports enterprise. CSK unveiled their New Jersey for IPL 2022. On 24 March, two days before the start of the season, CSK announced that Ravindra Jadeja will captain CSK after MS Dhoni decided to step down as captain. On 30 April, Jadeja decided to give up his captaincy to focus more on his game. MS Dhoni was named the captain again. Under Jadeja's captaincy, CSK lost 6 out of their first 8 matches.
Following their defeat against the Mumbai Indians, CSK were elimated from the race for the playoffs for only the second time in their IPL history.
2023
Finishing 9th in the group stage in the 2022 IPL, CSK was looking forward to the IPL auction 2023. They bagged Ben Stokes for ₹16.25 crore while Kyle Jamieson was bought for ₹1 crore and test specialist Ajinkya Rahane for half of that. However, their bowling unit was in lack of experience with the New Zealander Adam Milne and the Englishman Chris Jordan was released from the franchise. The tournament's all-time purple cap holder Dwayne Bravo retired and re-signed with the team as their bowling coach.
At the beginning of the season, CSK faced further difficulties when their main pacer Deepak Chahar was sidelined for 6 matches and the expensive pick Ben Stokes had a sore heel and had to rest for almost the entire season. Their newly brought pacer Kyle Jamieson was out of the tournament with an injury before even the season began and the South African pacer Sisanda Magala was brought in as his replacement.
The team finished the group stage with 17 points and 8 wins under their name and classified for the first qualifier ahead of Lucknow Super Giants who had the same point score but a lower net run rate. CSK won the qualifier against the table toppers Gujarat Titans at home, making it into their 10th IPL finals in 14 seasons. In the final which was held in Ahmedabad, Chennai Super Kings beat the defending champions Gujarat Titans by 5 wickets (DLS Method) to win their 5th title. Ambati Rayudu, who was a part of the team since 2018, announced his retirement from IPL before the final match.
Home ground
The home ground of the Super Kings is the historic M. A. Chidambaram Stadium (commonly called "The Chepauk") located in Chennai. The stadium is named after former BCCI President M. A. Chidambaram. It is one of the oldest stadiums in India which is in continuous use. The stadium is owned by the Tamil Nadu Cricket Association and has a seating capacity of 50,000 as of May 2013. In 2010, the stadium underwent a major renovation for hosting some of the matches of the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup. The seating capacity was increased from 36,000 to 50,000 and three new stands were established during this renovation.
The Super Kings have a 70.91% win record at this venue, which is often referred to as "Fortress Chepauk" and "Lions' den". In the 2011 season, the Super Kings won all their home games (8 matches) including the final against Royal Challengers Bangalore. The Super Kings thus became the first team to win all their home games in a season and also the first team to win the tournament at home.
In 2014, Chennai Super Kings played all their home matches at Ranchi due to issues with Government of Tamil Nadu.
In 2018, Chennai Super Kings managed to play only a solitary home game, against Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR), in Chennai due to members of a few fringe political parties staging protests outside the stadium as well as several parts of the city, demanding that IPL matches to be moved out of the city until the Cauvery Management Board (CMB) was set up as directed by the Supreme Court of India. Despite tight security for the match against KKR, the Chennai police expressed their inability to ensure sufficient personnel at the venue for the smooth conduct of the remaining games. The remaining six home matches of Chennai Super Kings were moved to the Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium in Pune.
Players
Mahendra Singh Dhoni, who was the captain of the Indian limited-overs team in 2008, was bought by the Super Kings for $1.5 million at the 2008 players' auction. He was the most expensive player in the IPL until 2009 when the Super Kings signed up English all-rounder Andrew Flintoff for $1.55 million. Dhoni is one of the most successful captains in the IPL, having led the Super Kings to ten finals of which the team has won five.
The vice-captain of the team from 2008 to 2015 was Suresh Raina. Raina held multiple IPL records such as most caps, most runs and most catches. Australian batsman Michael Hussey has the best batting average for the Super Kings. He was the first batsman from the Super Kings to score a century in the IPL. After opening batsman Matthew Hayden's retirement in 2010, Hussey took over as an opening batsman and was the team's leading run-scorer in the 2011 and 2013 seasons. Murali Vijay, who played for the team from 2009 to 2013, is the first Indian batsman to score two centuries in the IPL. Super Kings' spinner Ravichandran Ashwin has the third best economy rate in IPL (6.53) and is the third leading wicket-taker for the team behind Dwayne Bravo and Ravindra Jadeja.
Captains
Last updated:25 December 2023
Name, logo, crest and colors
The Chennai franchise named the team as Chennai Super Kings to honour the rulers of the Tamil empire. The word "super" is used commonly in southern India especially in Tamil Nadu. The team name also derives from India Cements' brand "Coromandel King".
The team logo features the head of a roaring lion in orange and the team name rendered in blue. The crown above the team name is the same as that used in the logo of the brand Coromandel King. According to the logo designers, since the lion is the king of the jungle, the roaring lion logo reflects the team name. The details of the logo signifies various qualities such as youth, vibrancy, solid performance orientation and fiery spirit.
The team's primary colour is yellow with blue and orange stripes on either sides of the jersey. The jersey also incorporates the roaring lion logo in the center of the shirt below the logo of the main sponsor. The basic look of the jersey has remained the same from the first season with no changes except for the sponsor placement. The kit manufacturer until 2014 was Reebok and from 2015, Australian Apparel and Sports Gear manufacturer Spartan manufactures kits for the team.
Theme song
The team's theme song is the "Whistle Podu" designed by Aravind–Shankar (duo of Aravind Murali and Jaishankar Iyer). Although the track was created only for YouTube in 2008, it gained popularity during the 2009 season and later became the team's theme song. The video of the song represents the street dance form of dappangutthu which is very popular among certain communities in Tamil Nadu. It is also a folk dance and music genre employed in Tamil cinema. The recordings of some of the Super Kings players whistling were used in the music video.
Kit and sponsors
For the 2022 season tyre maker TVS Eurogrip signed up with the franchise as the principal shirt sponsor. Chennai Super Kings said this partnership would allow them to connect with the team's pan-India fanbase through engagement initiatives. Myntra signed a deal for principal shirt sponsor for the 2021 Season. Muthoot Group was one of the principal shirt sponsors, having signed a three-year deal in 2018. Telecom service provider Aircel was the previous shirt sponsor after they signed a three-year deal in 2008 which was then renewed in 2011 for 850 million, then the most expensive sponsorship deal in IPL. The team also has sponsorship deals with India Cements, Gulf Oil, Equitas Small Finance Bank, HIL, Nippon Paint, Parle Agro Frooti and Atria Convergence Technologies.
Support and fan following
The Super Kings have a large fan following across India, colloquially referred to as "Yellow Army". The team has an official fan club called the "Whistle Podu Army" which was founded in January 2016 after the team's suspension from IPL. In 2018 and 2019, there were reports of over 10,000 fans turning up to watch the team's practice sessions. After the team's home games were moved to Pune in 2018, the Super Kings management arranged a charter train between Chennai and Pune, as well as free accommodation, for more than 1,000 fans of the team.
Brand value
Chennai Super Kings was adjudged by Brand Finance to be the most valuable brand at 65 million after the completion of 2018 IPL. The Economic Times commissioned UK-based Brand Finance to carry out brand evaluation of the IPL and also each of the eight franchise teams (that was increased to 10 in 2011). Chennai Super Kings was rated as the "most valuable team" in the Indian Premier League in 2010–11, with a brand value of $100
million (approximately 2.24 billion). In February 2013, London based Brand Finance evaluated the top 150 most valuable teams in the world, in which Chennai Super Kings is placed in the 147th place valued at $46 million, just behind the Mumbai Indians. In October 2021, Chennai Super Kings was valued at $900 million on track to become the first sports unicorn from India.
Controversies
Ownership of N. Srinivasan
Until September 2008, BCCI regulation, Clause 6.2.4 stated that "No administrator could have, directly or indirectly, any commercial interest in the matches or events conducted by the board". However, N. Srinivasan, who was then the treasurer and vice-chairman of BCCI, became the de facto owner of the Chennai Super Kings since he was the managing director of India Cements. Former BCCI President A. C. Muthiah wrote to the BCCI regarding the violation of this clause in 2008 but the BCCI did not respond. In September 2008, Muthiah went to the Madras High Court to restrain BCCI from allowing Srinivasan to participate in the general body meeting where the election was to be held. However, the suit was dismissed by the High Court and the following day, Srinivasan was elected as the Secretary of BCCI. The clause was amended as "No administrator shall have, directly or indirectly, any commercial interest in any of the events of the BCCI, excluding IPL, Champions League and Twenty20". Muthiah then moved to the Supreme Court which gave a split verdict in April 2011. Later in August 2011, Muthiah filed another petition to stop Srinivasan from taking over as the BCCI President but the Supreme Court rejected the petition, and Srinivasan was elected the President of BCCI.
In 2011, the owners of other teams were concerned about the possible rigging that could have taken place in the IPL auctions. Nita Ambani, the owner of Mumbai Indians questioned the changing order of players just before the auction began. Former IPL chairman Lalit Modi accused Srinivasan of arm-twisting him and rigging the 2009 IPL auction to ensure that English all-rounder Andrew Flintoff was bought by the Chennai Super Kings while it was refuted by Srinivasan.
2013 betting scandal
In May 2013, Gurunath Meiyappan, son-in-law of Srinivasan, was arrested by Mumbai Police on charges of placing bets on IPL matches. Meiyappan, who was the Team Principal of the Super Kings, was issued a summons by the Mumbai Police and on interrogation it was found that Meiyappan was in contact with bookies through actor Vindu Dara Singh. Mumbai police arrested Meiyappan for betting offence. Following this, Srinivasan, on 2 June 2013, decided to step aside as BCCI President temporarily until the inquiry into the betting case is completed. In February 2014, the three-member panel appointed by the Supreme Court of India enquired into the betting case, and indicted Meiyappan for illegal betting during the 2013 IPL.
IPL suspension
On 25 March 2014, the Supreme Court of India issued an ultimatum to the Board of Control for Cricket in India demanding that Srinivasan either step down as president or be removed from his position. On 14 July 2015, the RM Lodha Committee suspended the owners of Rajasthan Royals and Chennai Super Kings from the Indian Premier League for a period of two years. On 24 February 2016, the Supreme Court of India agreed to hear a plea for lifting the ban on the Chennai Super Kings.
Result summary
By opposition
This section include records against an individual team.
Last updated: 31 May 2023
Statistics
Most runs
Most wickets
Rivalries
Rivalry with Mumbai Indians
Chennai Super Kings and Mumbai Indians have played against each other more times than any other two teams in the IPL. They are the two most successful IPL teams and often termed as "big spenders" at the players auction. The two sides have met each other at the final of the IPL four times, with Mumbai winning thrice and Chennai winning once. The rivalry is often referred to as El Clasico of IPL.
Rivalry with Royal Challengers Bangalore
The rivalry with Chennai Super Kings stems from the Kaveri River water dispute between the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The rivalry is also called "Kaveri derby" and "South Indian derby". The Super Kings beat the Royal Challengers in the final of the 2011 IPL, the only meeting between the two teams at an IPL final.
Seasons
Indian Premier League
Champions League T20
Current squad
Players with international caps are listed in bold.
denotes a player who is currently unavailable for selection.
denotes a player who is unavailable for rest of the season.
Administration and support staff
In popular culture
In 2019, Disney+ Hotstar produced a documentary series titled Roar of the Lion. The series followed the Chennai Super Kings' comeback season of 2018 edition after serving a two-year ban for their involvement in the 2013 Indian Premier League betting case. The series was shot across Chennai, Mumbai and Delhi in India and in Australia and featured Chennai Super Kings players such as MS Dhoni, Ravindra Jadeja, Ambati Rayudu, Shane Watson, Dwayne Bravo, Deepak Chahar and Suresh Raina. This series is the first one to be released under the label Hotstar Specials. The series premiered on 20 March 2019, in Tamil and Hindi languages.
See also
List of Chennai Super Kings cricketers
List of Chennai Super Kings records
References
External links
Chennai Super Kings at IPL official site
Sport in Chennai
Cricket clubs established in 2008
Sports clubs and teams in India
Indian Premier League teams
Cricket in Chennai
2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu
India Cements |
15829945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1879%E2%80%9380%20FA%20Cup | 1879–80 FA Cup | The 1879–80 Football Association Challenge Cup was the ninth staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. Fifty-four teams entered, eleven more than the previous season, although five of the fifty-four never played a match.
First round
Replays
Second round
Replays
Third round
Fourth round
Fifth round
Replay
Semi-finals
Final
References
External links
FA Cup Results Archive
1879-80
1879–80 in English football
FA Cup |
15829951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascaras%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Mascaras, Hautes-Pyrénées | Mascaras is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazerolles%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Mazerolles, Hautes-Pyrénées | Mazerolles (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%83ieru%C8%99%20%28river%29 | Măieruș (river) | The Măieruș is a left tributary of the river Olt in Romania. It flows into the Olt in the village Măieruș. Its length is and its basin size is .
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Brașov County |
15829982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgaillard%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Montgaillard, Hautes-Pyrénées | Montgaillard (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15830000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont%C3%A9gut | Montégut | Montégut or Montegut may refer to the following people and places:
France
Montégut, Gers, a commune in the Gers department
Montégut, Landes, a commune in the Landes department
Montégut, Hautes-Pyrénées, a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department
USA
Montegut, Louisiana
People
Jean-Baptiste Joseph Émile Montégut (1825 - 1895), a French critic
Joseph Edgard Montegut, a mayor of New Orleans (Louisiana, U.S.) during the 1840s |
15830017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dundee%20derby | Dundee derby | The Dundee derby is a football match between Dundee and Dundee United. The clubs are based yards apart in the city of Dundee, the fourth-largest city in Scotland.
History
Dundee is the older of the two, having been founded in 1893, compared to Dundee United which was founded in 1909 as Dundee Hibernian following the demise of Dundee Harp, a club founded by Irish immigrants in 1879. While United's origins stem from Irish immigration, the rivalry is not sectarian in the manner of the Old Firm.
Dundee had long been the more successful club, playing more seasons in the top flight than their rivals and winning one League title, one Scottish Cup and three League Cups before United lifted a major trophy. However, from the 1970s under Jim McLean the tide turned in the city's footballing rivalry. United would go on to be a major force in Scottish football in the 1980s, winning their first three major honours at Dens Park including a League Cup win against Dundee in 1980; the 1983 league title was also won there. Their rivalry with Aberdeen, who also lifted several trophies during the period, was entitled the New Firm. In 1994 United won their first Scottish Cup, and their second in 2010, in doing so drawing level with Dundee on five major trophies won.
The two grounds are the closest League grounds in Britain and with it a unique rivalry has developed, though one often deemed more amicable than most, similar to the Merseyside derby, Derby della Madonnina in Milan, and the Derby della Lanterna of Genoa with many families split down the middle in support.
The two clubs even had a combined hooligan 'firm', known as the Dundee Utility, which was formed to stand up to the larger firms of the Glasgow and Edinburgh clubs.
Statistics
Domestic head-to-head
In domestic head-to-head matches, United are quite far in front; the teams have played each other 172 times, Dundee United winning 81 compared to Dundee's 49. A total of 42 matches have ended in a stalemate. Dundee United have won more league, Scottish Cup and League Cup matches.
League competition
Dundee have competed in more seasons of top flight football with 99 in total to United's 62, but United have maintained a slightly better points-per-game average in the top tier. Both clubs have won the Scottish league championship once, Dundee in 1962 and United in 1983. The clubs also sometimes meet in league games outside the top tier, as in 1995–96 and 2019–20.
All-time top flight table (1890/91-present – 127th Season)
As of 26 June 2023:
Scottish Premiership Table (2013/14–present – 10th Season)
As of 26 June 2023:
SPL Table (1998/99-2012/13 – 15 Seasons)
Premier Division Table (1975/76-1997/98 – 23 Seasons)
Division One table (1890/91-1974/75 – 78 Seasons)
Cup competition
Scottish Cup (1873/74-present – 137th Season)
In the Scottish Cup, Dundee have competed in 108 tournaments, reaching 5 cup finals. They were cup winners in 1910 as well as runners-up in 1925, 1952, 1964 and 2003. Dundee United have competed in 88 tournaments, reaching twice as many cup finals as Dundee. They were cup winners in 1994 and 2010 as well as runners up in 1974, 1981, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1991 (being unable to secure that trophy in six finals under otherwise successful boss Jim McLean), 2005 and 2014.
As of 26 June 2023:
League Cup (1946/47-present – 78th Season)
In the League Cup, Dundee have been the winners on three occasions, in 1951–52, 1952–53 and 1973–74, they were also runners-up in 1967–68, 1980–81 and 1995–96. Dundee United meanwhile have won it twice, in 1979–80 and 1980–81, and were runners-up in 1981–82, 1984–85, 1997–98, 2007–08, and 2014–15 (losing to either Rangers or Celtic on every occasion).
As of 26 June 2023:
European competition
In European competition, Dundee United have played in more tournaments and in more games, competing in 27 tournaments to Dundee's 7, and playing in 80 more matches. Neither side has won a trophy, although United were runners-up in the 1986–87 UEFA Cup; both sides have reached the semi-finals of the European Cup once, while Dundee also reached the semi-finals of the 1967–68 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. Conversely, United hold the joint-record for worst result by a Scottish side, suffering a 7–0 defeat to Dutch side AZ Alkmaar on 11 August 2022.
As of 11 August 2022:
Trophy cabinet comparison
Both clubs have won 5 major Scottish football trophies.
Team records
The following are records just for the Dundee derby itself:
The longest unbeaten run in all matches is 13, held by United, this was between December 1979 and September 1983, 11 of these were Wins.
The longest unbeaten run in home matches is held by Dundee when United failed to beat them for 14 games between November 1925 and August 1962.
The longest unbeaten run in away matches is held by United with a 12 match run at Dens Park between April 1963 and April 1971 which included 8 victories.
The longest unbroken winning run in all matches belongs to United with 7 between March 1988 and April 1989.
The longest unbroken winning run at home belongs to United with 6 between September 1974 and September 1981.
The longest unbroken winning run away from home belongs to United who scored 8 consecutive victories at Dens Park between December 1980 and November 1984.
The record home victory in a league match is 5–0 recorded by Dundee at Dens Park in August 1926
The record away victory in a league match is 5–0 recorded by United at Dens Park in September 1965.
The highest scoring match was in September 1971 when Dundee won 6–4 at Dens Park.
Paul Sturrock of United holds the mark for the most derby goals with 14, 2 of these came in United's 3–0 League Cup Final win over Dundee at Dens Park in December 1980.
Record Attendance:
29,106 at Dens Park, 14 May 1983 (Premier Division)
21,325 at Tannadice, 3 January 1966 (old Division One)
Lowest Attendance:
9,185 at Tannadice, 12 December 1999 (SPL)
7,645 at Dens Park, 29 January 1994 (Premier Division)
Players at both clubs
16 players have signed for Dundee United directly from Dundee, with 10 making the opposite journey from Tannadice to Dens Park. Only players who have played at least one first team game for both clubs are currently included.
Dundee to Dundee United
Dundee United to Dundee
Complete list
In addition, other players have played for both clubs without moving directly between them. A list of all players to have played at least one first-team game for both clubs is displayed below.
Scott Allan
Stuart Beedie
Kenny Cameron
Aaron Conway
Craig Curran
Jimmy Dickson
Paul Dixon
Billy Dodds
Neil Duffy
Iain Ferguson
Mark Fotheringham
Declan Gallagher
Jock Gilmour
Alan Gordon
James Grady
Jim Hamilton
John Holt
Kevin Holt
Mark Kerr
Billy Kirkwood
Jim Lauchlan
George Mackay
Duncan MacLeod
Lee Mair
Collie Martin
Roy McBain
Tommy McDermott
Kevin McDonald
Jim McInally
Stewart McKimmie
Andy McLaren
Gordon McLeod
Paul McMullan
John McQuillan
James Angus Munro
Simon Murray
Stephen O'Donnell
Kinnaird Ouchterlonie
Iain Phillip
Ian Redford
Paul Ritchie
Steven Robb
Scott Robertson
Bobby Robinson
Jock Ross
Craig Samson
Ian Scott
Rab Shannon
Harry Smith
Kevin Smith
Alex Stuart
Billy Thomson
Lewis Toshney
Gordon Wallace
Lee Wilkie
Billy Williamson
Unknown
Tim Dailly
Thomas Flood
Fred Stoessel
Beto Naveda
Ryan McGowan
Bert Dainty
Albert Juliussen
Tommy Coyne
David Worrell
Trevor Carson
Danny Griffin
Osman Sow
Jack Court
Dragutin Ristić
Goal scorer records
Full game list
Fixtures from 1925 to the present day featuring League games, Scottish Cup and League Cup matches. Friendlies, testimonials and other non-competitive games are not included.
Dundee wins are coloured in blue, United wins in tangerine and draws are grey. Note that United played in white until 1969 but tangerine is used throughout for ease.
References
Football derbies in Scotland
Dundee F.C.
Dundee United F.C.
Football in Dundee
Recurring sporting events established in 1925 |
15830033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont%C3%A9gut%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Montégut, Hautes-Pyrénées | Montégut (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
Geography
Climate
Montégut has a oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Montégut is . The average annual rainfall is with May as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Montégut was on 26 August 2010; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 8 February 2012.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15830034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20federal%20hunting%20reserves%20in%20Switzerland | List of federal hunting reserves in Switzerland | This is a list of federal hunting reserves in Switzerland.
Reserves
See also
Nature parks in Switzerland
References
External links
EUNIS: Switzerland - Federal Hunting Reserves (CH10), Common Database on Designated Areas (CDDA)
Schutzgebiete: Eidgenössische Jagdbanngebiete
Hunting reserves
Hunting reserves
Switzerland
IUCN Category IV
Federal hunting reserves in Switzerland |
15830047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9chac%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Préchac, Hautes-Pyrénées | Préchac (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15830063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9r%C3%A9 | Péré | Péré may refer to:
Péré, Charente-Maritime, a commune in the Charente-Maritime department
Péré, Hautes-Pyrénées, a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department
See also
Pere (disambiguation)
Pérès (plural form) |
Subsets and Splits