text
stringlengths 19
104k
|
|---|
With Needham she conducted an extensive correspondence. The Singers resided in London until 1914, when they moved to Oxford as Charles started to work with Sir William Osler on the history of medicine. In 1920 they relocated to Highgate, London. From 1934 they rented Kilmarth, a stately home on a cliff not far from the fishing village Fowey, near Par in Cornwall. Here Dorothea Waley Singer died four years after her husband on 24 June 1964. At Kilmarth the Singers were succeeded by the novelist Daphne du Maurier. The house, whose foundations date back to the 14th century, formed the background of du Maurier's novel of time travel, "The house on the strand" (1969). |
Keserwan District Keserwan District (, transliteration: "Qadaa Keserwan") is a district ("qadaa") in the Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon, to the northeast of Lebanon's capital Beirut. The capital, Jounieh, is overwhelmingly Maronite Christian. The area is home to the Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve. The name of Keserwan is most probably that of a Persian clan named the Kesra, who were early Persian settlers of the region. Kesra (Arabicized version of Khosro) has always been a common Persian name. Keserwan is its plural form. According to voter registration data, the population is overwhelmingly Christian–the highest percentage-wise in the nation–with 97.95% of voters being Christian. Of those, Maronites are the predominant denomination, comprising 92.16% of all voters in the district. The remaining Christians are Greek Melkite Catholics (2.14%), "minority Christians" (1.26%), Orthodox Christians (0.89%), Armenian Orthodox Christians (0.72%), Armenian Catholics (0.66%), and Evangelicals (0.11%). The Muslim population (2.05%) are divided between Shi'as (1.80%), Sunnis (0.25%), Alawis (0.01%) and Druze (0.01%). The number of registered voters by sect is as follows (with a total of 94200): The district is part of the Keserwan-Byblos electoral district, with the district of Keserwan being allocated 5 Maronite seats (and the overall constituency having 7 Maronites and 1 Shi'ia). |
Under the campaign to 2010, the renovation and expansion of the Southern Alberta Art Gallery was completed, a new Community Arts Centre will be built in downtown Lethbridge, the City of Lethbridge has a Public Art Program, and a committee was formed to research the possibility of a new Performing Arts Centre in Lethbridge. Lethbridge has a public library and three major museum/galleries. The Southern Alberta Art Gallery is a contemporary gallery; the community arts centre Casa, administered by the Allied Arts Council; and the University of Lethbridge Art Gallery produces contemporary exhibitions including works from its extensive collection of Canadian, American and European art. The city is also home to the Lethbridge Symphony, which was founded in 1960 and incorporated as a non-profit in 1961. It has produced several spin-off music groups, including the Southern Alberta Chamber Orchestra, and the still-active Lethbridge Musical Theatre, which produces an annual show. Vox Musica, which traces its roots back to 1968, is a community choir previously based at the University of Lethbridge. As a fully independent non-profit society, Vox Musica continues to rehearse and perform at Southminster United Church and around the community. Theatrical productions are presented by the University of Lethbridge's drama department and New West Theatre, which performs at the Genevieve E. Yates Memorial Centre using its two theatres: the 500-seat proscenium Yates Theatre and the 180-seat black box Sterndale Bennett Theatre. The city, which began as a frontier town, has several historical attractions. The Lethbridge Viaduct, commonly known as the "High Level Bridge", is the longest and highest steel trestle bridge in North America. It was completed in 1909 on what was then the city's western edge. Indian Battle Park, in the coulees of the Oldman River, commemorates the last battle between the Cree and the Blackfoot First Nations in 1870. Originally known as Fort Hamilton, Fort Whoop-Up was a centre of illegal activities during the late 19th century. It was first built in 1869 by J.J. Healy and A.B. Hamilton as a whiskey post and was destroyed by fire a year later. A second, sturdier structure later replaced the fort. As the cultural centre of southern Alberta, Lethbridge has notable cultural attractions. Nikka Yuko Japanese Garden in south Lethbridge was opened in 1967 as part of a Canadian centennial celebration attended by Japan's Prince and Princess Takamatsu. The Galt Museum & Archives is the largest museum in the Lethbridge area; the building housing the museum served as the city's main hospital during the late 19th century and early 20th centuries. |
Reviewing for "Nigerian Entertainment Today", Ayomide Tayo praised the album's production and commended Leriq for not making it sound repetitive. However, Tayo also said it "lacks a knock out hit to seal the stateliness." Wilfred Okiche of "YNaija" reviewed the album and said it "avoids the pitfalls of monotony and boredom that could easily have befallen the disc but the overall sound is still a tad unsatisfying, like there is stuff Burna Boy is holding back." Ayo Alloh of Jaguda.com gave the album 8.5 stars out of 10, concluding it was never monotonous despite being solely produced. Enemigin Neye of "Hip Hop World Magazine" awarded the album 4 stars out of 5, saying "it goes to show the everyday improvement in the sound called Nigerian music". Neye "believes Burna Boy is here to stay, and believes the album is definitely one to remember." "L.I.F.E" was nominated for Best Album of the Year at the 2014 Nigeria Entertainment Awards. The album was also nominated for Best R&B/Pop Album and Album of the Year at The Headies 2014. The album was released in Nigeria and reportedly sold 40,000 copies on the first day of its release. The marketing rights for the album were later sold to Uba Pacific for ₦10 million. Notes Sample credits |
Despite the limitation imposed by a lack of suitable engines, the fighter remained a relatively compact and balanced design. The aircraft was furnished with an elliptical wing, the internal structure of which comprised a multi-cell configuration using a total of five spars, stress-skin covering, and integral fuel tanks within the center section. The wing made use of a modified N.38 airfoil section and was outfitted with Frise-type ailerons complete with static and aerodynamic balance, along with a split-continuous flap. The cockpit of the Re.2000 featured a large backwards-sliding canopy; it is claimed that this canopy provided "almost unrestricted all-round visibility". The armament comprised a pair of 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, housing 300 rounds each, installed in the upper fuselage; in addition, provisions were made for the fitting of bomblet-dispensers ("spezzoniera"). It was also possible to install a gun camera, while a small internal bay could be used to hold a few 4.4 lb (2 kg) incendiary bombs. This armament, while typical amongst Italian-built aircraft at the time, was relatively light in comparison to foreign-built rivals then being constructed; additional weapons, such as the installation of a pair of wing-mounted guns, was studied but never applied. The Re.2000 had no fuel tanks contained within the fuselage; nevertheless, using the entirety of the wing's internal volume for fuel tankage, it could house a maximum of 460 kg (640 lt) of gasoline, providing it with a 900–1,100 km endurance, far in excess of its contemporary rivals built by Macchi and Fiat. However, the Re.2000 was considered to be not as rugged as its Macchi-built contemporaries; specifically, its fuel tanks were considered to be vulnerable, which were not of the self-sealing variety then becoming popular in military service. It has been claimed that this lack of durability had been a major factor when, following an official evaluation by the "Regia Aeronautica", the service decided to reject the type. Following the decision of the "Regia Aeronautica" to reject the Re.2000 and cancel its pre-production order, the Italian government authorised Reggiane to promote the type for sales on the global market to international customers, effectively offering the programme a reprieve. Enthusiastic, the company decided to proceed with the production of the original batch of 188 fighters that had been cancelled as a private venture so that immediate delivery could be offered to foreign customers. |
(See Minurso.) Tindouf has a population of 47,965 (2010 estimates), though this figure is of questionable authenticity, given the fact that the exact number is a sensitive issue due to the Sahrawi refugees, who are excluded from the estimate. Tindouf has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification "BWh"), with extremely hot summers and very warm winters. There is very little rain for most of the year, generally concentrated in February and —associated with the West African Monsoon— by September–October. The region can be hit by rare events of heavy rain, such as in February 2006 or October 2015. Summer daytime temperatures commonly approach 45 °C (113 °F) with blazing sunshine, while winter nighttime temperatures can sometimes drop to 5 °C (41 °F) or less. 6.1% of the population has a tertiary education, and another 18.8% has completed secondary education. The overall literacy rate is 75.0%, and is 79.7% among males and 70.1% among females. The commune is composed of five localities: |
Nature Protection Service (Spain) The Nature Protection Service (, SEPRONA) is a unit of the Spanish Civil Guard responsible for nature conservation and management of the hunting and fishing industry. It serves to carry out and oversee State provisions to preserve nature, the environment, water resources, and preserving wealth in hunting, fish farming, forestry and other nature related industries. They are also heavily involved in work against spills and contamination, illegal trade of protected species, unregulated hunting and fishing activities, protection of natural spaces, and prevention and extinction of fires. The idea of SEPRONA dates back to June 7, 1876, where the Spanish monarchy ordered the Civil Guard to take on new security and police objectives, varying from the protection of public mountains, fire prevention, preventing clandestine royalties and other resources. Not until 1986, however, where the State demanded the Civil guard ensure conservation of nature and the environment. Thus in 1988 the Civil Guard created the Servicio Protección de la Naturaleza, or SEPRONA, guaranteeing Spanish citizens the right to a suitable environment as well as the right to preserve the environment. SEPRONA was reorganized again in 2000, and since it is entrusted with the prevention of environmental harm and protection of movable and immovable property listed as historic assets in all the Spanish national territory and its territorial, including sea preservation of protected and endangered species. "Its base of work is very extensive, and its components work with over 2000 laws and decrees in constant and continuous adaptation to both policy changes themselves of the European Union, State, autonomous community and even municipal ordinances, being the specialty of the Civil Guard, which handles more legislation". The headquarters of SEPRONA is called Unidad Central Operativa Medioambiental (UCOMA). Because Spain has the largest degree of biodiversity in Europe, the country itself serves as a point of reference in topics regarding nature conservation. This puts a higher amount of environmental responsibility on Spain versus other European countries. About 11.8% of Spain's national territory is conserved by regional or national government. Each province is accounted for having the following: The responsibilities associated with the Nature Protection Service vary, yet all its purposes serve to better the environment and conserve nature. Aside from the roles mentioned above, SEPRONA is associated with the collaboration with the authorities and bodies concerned to plan and execute an effective policy in a given area. "Since 2002 there is a cooperation agreement between the autonomous community (Ministry of agriculture and water) and the Ministry of the Interior for protection of the nature of the Region teams collaborate on environmental inspection tasks. |
He had a hit streak in April 2016 that fell one game short of tying the Springfield club record. Bader was named an outfielder in the Texas League mid-season All-Star Game, in which he collected four hits in five at-bats with a double and a run scored. He was promoted to the Class AAA Memphis Redbirds on July 6, 2016. In their updated 2016 mid-season ranking, "Baseball America" rated Bader in the top 100 for the first time, at 89th. Bader finished the 2016 season batting a combined .267 with 19 home runs and 58 RBIs in 131 games between Memphis and Springfield. MLB Pipeline named him the Cardinals 2016 Minor League Player of the Year. After the season, the Cardinals assigned Bader to the Glendale Desert Dogs of the Arizona Fall League (AFL). Bader began 2017 back with Memphis. On July 25, 2017, the Cardinals promoted Bader to the major leagues to take the place of the injured Dexter Fowler. Bader had been batting .297 with 19 home runs and 48 RBIs in 97 games at Memphis before his promotion. That night, he started in center field and batted seventh, and recorded his first major league hit, a double, and scored the winning run on a walk-off sacrifice fly. He hit his first MLB home run, a 395-foot shot to left field, on September 1, 2017, off Johnny Cueto, leading the Cardinals to an 11-6 win over the San Francisco Giants at AT&T Park. After the season, the Cardinals named Bader their 2017 Minor League Player of the Year. MLB.com ranked Bader as St Louis' fifth-best prospect going into the 2018 season, which he began with Memphis. The Cardinals promoted him to the major leagues on April 3 after an injury to Jedd Gyorko. After his call-up, Bader became St. Louis' fourth outfielder, then their starting center fielder after Tommy Pham was traded on July 31, 2018. Bader finished his 2018 rookie campaign batting .264 with 12 home runs, 37 RBIs, and 15 stolen bases in 138 games; he ranked fourth among MLB outfielders with 19 Defensive Runs Saved. Bader began 2019 as St. Louis' starting center fielder. However, he was eventually moved into a bench role due to offensive struggles, and was ultimately demoted to Memphis on July 30. At the time of his demotion, he was slashing .195/.309/.648 with six home runs and 19 RBIs over ninety games. |
Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.59% of the population. Of Southbury's 7,225 households, 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. About 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.4% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.41, and the average family size was 3.02. Southbury's population consisted of 22.8% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 26.1% who were 65 or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.3 males. The median income for a household in Southbury is $75,970 in 2007, compared to $61,919 in 1999; the median income for a family in 1999 was $81,109. In 1999, males had a median income of $87,365 versus $68,657 for females. The per capita income for the town was $62,731. About 1.9% of families and 4.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.3% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those 65 or over. The median home value was $532,650. In July 2008, it was estimated that there were 19,702 (+6.1% from 2000) people in Southbury. The estimated median household income was $75,970 (+22.7% from 2000). The estimated median home (or condominium) value was to $374,178 (+92.6% from 2000). Southbury is home to a variety of retirement facilities, including Heritage Village, one of New England's largest retirement communities. Heritage Village sits on and includes approximately 2,580 homes with 4,000 people. It is billed as being an "active retirement" community, offering many activities. Heritage Village was planned in the 1960s, as I-84 was completed in the area. Potential Heritage Village residents must be 55 years of age or older. By 2013, about 30% of the population of Southbury is expected to be 60 years of age or older. |
89th (Princess Victoria's) Regiment of Foot The 89th (Princess Victoria's) Regiment of Foot was a regiment of the British Army, raised on 3 December 1793. Under the Childers Reforms the regiment amalgamated with the 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot to form the Princess Victoria's (Royal Irish Fusiliers) in 1881. The regiment was raised in Dublin by Major-General William Crosbie as the 89th Regiment of Foot, in response to the threat posed by the French Revolution, on 3 December 1793. The regiment was sent to join the Duke of York's army in the Netherlands in summer 1794 as part of the unsuccessful defence of that country against the Republican French during the Flanders Campaign. It was posted to Ireland and, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Blayney, it saw action at the Battle of Vinegar Hill in June 1798 during the rebellion. The regiment became known for its perseverance in hunting down Irish rebels earning the nickname "Blayney's Bloodhounds". It was posted to Malta in 1800 and arrived in Egypt in March 1801 for service in the Egyptian Campaign. It saw action at the Battle of Alexandria later that month at the Siege of Cairo in April 1801. A second battalion was raised in Ireland in August 1804. The 1st Battalion embarked for Hanover in December 1805 but lost its colours in a storm off Holland. After service in Germany the battalion returned to England in February 1806. The battalion sailed for South America in spring 1807 and took part in the disastrous expedition under Sir Home Popham. It sailed for the Cape of Good Hope later that year and then transferred to Ceylon in 1808. It took part in the Invasion of Isle de France in November 1810, the Invasion of Java in August 1811 and the Invasion of Sumatra in March 1812. It transferred to Madras in India in 1815 and re-absorbed the 2nd Battalion in November 1816. Meanwhile, four companies from the 2nd Battalion embarked for Cádiz in October 1810 for service in the Peninsular War. Under the command of Lord Blayney, the four companies of the 2nd battalion took part in a bayonet charge at the Battle of Fuengirola in October 1810. After defeat in the battle Lord Blayney and most of his troops were held as prisoners of war for the next four years. One company from the battalion embarked for North America in summer 1812 for service in the War of 1812. |
After having exited so early in his previous series, James was concerned he was under a "four-week curse", which was then broken. He and Lunghi were voted off in Week 9, in a dance-off against Lisa Snowdon and her partner Brendan Cole. In January–February 2009, Jordan also danced with Lunghi on the Strictly Come Dancing Tour 2009. In series 7, he was partnered by actress Zöe Lucker but they were eliminated in week 7. Jordan stated that "winning that trophy is my dream but I wouldn't give up this wonderful lady for that ball." Eventually, wife Ola won the competition that year, partnered with presenter Chris Hollins. In the 2010 series, Jordan was partnered with comedian and psychologist Dr. Pamela Stephenson. Despite competing at the age of 61, Pamela quickly defied all odds by topping the judges' leaderboard for the first three weeks of the competition, and for six weeks in total, a record for the series. In week 10, their Viennese Waltz received the first ever perfect 40 from the judges for the series. The pair made it to the "Strictly" final, and despite never being in the bottom two even once before and were the highest-scoring couple throughout the evening, they eventually finished in third place behind actress Kara Tointon and presenter and former gymnast Matt Baker. Pamela and James collected three perfect scores from the judges throughout the series, a record at the time they shared with Lisa Snowdon and Brendan Cole in series 6. "The One Show" presenter Alex Jones was James Jordan's partner in the 2011 series. Jordan and judge Craig Revel Horwood were involved in a minor feud, as a 6 for Jones' Charleston in week 9 caused the couple to flutter down the leaderboard, as opposed to their top position the week before. The tough score outraged the professional dancer as he reportedly stormed out of the studio fuming, feeling the score to be undeserved and personal against James. Horwood further defended his judgement by claiming himself to be "tougher" as the competition goes. This feud was further reiterated when Horwood dropped James and Ola Jordan from the "Strictly" tour later in the year. Alex Jones reached the semi-final, eventually coming fifth in the competition. Jennifer Grey, the winner of the eleventh series of "Dancing with the Stars", the American version of 'Strictly', was a guest judge, replacing Len Goodman while he had a week off. For its tenth series in September 2012, Jordan was partners with television presenter, actress and singer Denise van Outen. |
Balmazújvárosi KK Balmazújvárosi Kézilabda Klub is a Hungarian handball club from Balmazújváros, that played in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I, the top level championship in Hungary. |
Other ruminants learn to self-medicate against gastrointestinal parasites by increasing consumption of plant secondary compounds with antiparasitic actions. Standard laboratory cages prevent mice from performing several natural behaviours for which they are highly motivated. As a consequence, laboratory mice sometimes develop abnormal behaviours indicative of emotional disorders such as depression and anxiety. To improve welfare, these cages are sometimes enriched with items such as nesting material, shelters and running wheels. Sherwin and Olsson tested whether such enrichment influenced the consumption of Midazolam, a drug widely used to treat anxiety in humans. Mice in standard cages, standard cages but with unpredictable husbandry, or enriched cages, were given a choice of drinking either non-drugged water or a solution of the Midazolam. Mice in the standard and unpredictable cages drank a greater proportion of the anxiolytic solution than mice from enriched cages, presumably because they had been experiencing greater anxiety. Early studies indicated that autoimmune (MRL/lpr) mice readily consume solutions with cyclophosphamide, an immunosuppressive drug that prevents inflammatory damage to internal organs. However, further studies provided contradictory evidence. About 70% of domestic cats are especially attracted to, and affected by the plant "Nepeta cataria", otherwise known as catnip. Wild cats, including tigers, are also affected, but with unknown percentage. The first reaction of cats is to sniff. Then, they lick and sometimes chew the plant and after that rub against it, with their cheeks and the whole body by rolling over. If cats consume concentrated extract of the plant, they quickly show signs of over-excitement such as violent twitching, profuse salivation and sexual arousal. The reaction is caused by the volatile terpenoids called nepetalactones present in the plant. Although they are mildly toxic and repel insects from the plant, their concentration is too low to poison cats. The BBC One documentary "Dolphins - Spy in the Pod" showed the marine mammals chewing on puffer fish in order to get 'high'. Many animals eat soil or clay, a behaviour known as "geophagy". Clay is the primary ingredient of kaolin. It has been proposed that for primates, there are four hypotheses relating to geophagy in alleviating gastrointestinal disorders or upsets: Furthermore, two hypotheses pertain to geophagy in supplementing minerals and elements: Tapirs, forest elephants, colobus monkeys, mountain gorillas and chimpanzees seek out and eat clay, which absorbs intestinal bacteria and their toxins and alleviates stomach upset and diarrhoea. |
Quincy-Voisins Quincy-Voisins is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne governmental department in the Île-de-France region of north-central France. The inhabitants of the commune are called "Quincéens". The town is are twin towns with the village of Braunston in Northamptonshire, England. |
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.8 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $110,186, and the median income for a family was $120,532. Males had a median income of $83,273 versus $32,083 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $50,041. None of the families and 1.4% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64. Highlands Ranch, Colorado Highlands Ranch is a census-designated place (CDP) in Douglas County, Colorado, United States. The population was 96,713 at the 2010 census. Located south of Denver, Highlands Ranch is an unincorporated community and was the twelfth-most populous CDP in the United States in 2010. Like many parts of the Colorado Front Range, the first residents of the area were Native Americans. The area was populated by a number of nomadic tribes, including the Ute, Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes. Because it was part of the Mississippi River Drainage Area, it was stolen by France by French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle and it was named as part of "Louisiana" in 1682. The Spanish gained Louisiana in 1763, and returned it to France in 1801. This area of what is now Northern Douglas County, was in the Louisiana Purchase when it was sold to the United States in 1803. The Stephen Harriman Long Expedition of 1820 entered the area at the beginning of July 1820. That was the first documented exploration of the area by European or United States explorers. Much of the Denver Metro Area began to be settled as ranch land starting in 1859, but because of a lack of water in the area, it was not permanently settled until around 1870. The first legal settler of the area was Curtis H. Field, who purchased land just on the west side of Santa Fe Drive from the US government on February 25, 1870. The Highlands Ranch Mansion (or "Castle Isabel") was built over a period of several years, from 1891 to 1904. The first owner of the house was Samuel Allan Long, who purchased a 40-acre homestead in northern Douglas County in 1884 and later expanded it to a 2,000-acre farm. |
Sherman Conant Sherman Conant (December 21, 1839 – November 21, 1890) was an American soldier and politician who served as the 9th Florida Attorney General during Reconstruction. Conant was born on December 21, 1839 in Dublin, New Hampshire from a batch of triplets. He is a member of the Conant family. Conant moved to Littleton, Massachusetts in 1845. At the beginning of the American Civil War, Conant was a student in Natick, Massachusetts. On August 4, 1862, he enlisted as a corporal into Company I of the 39th Massachusetts, tasked with the defense of Washington, D.C. In August 1863, army recruiter George Luther Stearns organized and mustered the 3rd Colored Infantry in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Conant was promoted to the rank of captain and was placed in command of Company H. The 3rd Colored fought at the Second Battle of Fort Wagner, capturing the fort shortly after the famous assault by the 54th Massachusetts. In 1864, the regiment assisted in the capture of Jacksonville, Florida, and occupied much of coastal Florida. After the end of the war, the 3rd Colored was assigned to assist the Department of Florida in reorganizing the state. On September 13, 1865, Conant was promoted to the rank of major. The regiment was disbanded a month later, though Conant remained in Florida to aid in its reorganization. After leaving the army, Conant, a Republican, settled in Jacksonville, becoming a prominent citizen popular with local African-Americans due to his command of the 3rd Colored during the war. Conant was selected to be the secretary of the state's Constitutional Convention in 1868 in Tallahassee, Florida, drafting the so-called Carpetbagger Constitution in May. While in Tallahassee, Conant served on the Leon County Voter Registration Board, and he is credited with helping enfranchise hundred of African-Americans in the area. The following month, Conant, who had been serving as a United State Commissioner for the Northern District of Florida, was appointed as the judge for the Leon County by Florida Governor Harrison Reed. He served until his resignation in 1869. In 1870, Conant was appointed as the 9th Florida Attorney General by Reed. He would only serve as the state's attorney general until 1871, when President Ulysses S. Grant appointed Conant as the United States Marshal for the Northern District of Florida. Conant received national attention for his 1871 arrest of four members of the Ku Klux Klan accused of several lynchings during the Jackson County War. |
Shaver Transportation Company The Shaver Transportation Company is an inland water freight transportation company based in Portland, Oregon, United States. The company was founded in 1880 and played a major role in the development of freight transport in the Portland area and along the Columbia. In the 1860s and 1870s, the Oregon Steam Navigation Company (OSN) had obtained monopoly power over riverboat navigation on the Columbia River system. This was before the extensive construction of railroads in Oregon and what was then the Washington Territory, so the only way that goods could be shipped to market was by way of the rivers. Many companies arose to compete with the OSN, and one of the few survivors was the Shaver Transportation Company. Founders of the company included steamboat captains James W. Shaver and George M. Shaver. Shaver Transportation was begun by James W. Shaver, whose family were pioneers in Portland, Oregon. They owned a woodyard business which supplied firewood for trains, powered then by steam locomotives. They also supplied wood from a dock for steamboats. In 1880, James W. Shaver went into the steamboat business with two partners, Henry W. Corbett and A.S. Foster, both prominent members of the early business establishment in Portland, Oregon. They bought out Captain Edward Bureau and began doing business as the People's Freighting Company. Their first vessel was the steamboat "Manzanillo", which they put on the route down the Willamette and Columbia rivers from Portland to Clatskanie, Oregon. Shaver Transportation Company was known as the "Red Collar Line." The next two steamboats owned by the company after the "Manzanillo" were the "Sarah Dixon" (named after the mother of company founder James W. Shaver) and "G.W. Shaver," named after George Washington Shaver, the father of James W. Shaver. The "Sarah Dixon" had a reputation as a luxury boat, and in the early 1890s, she was placed on the profitable run on the lower Columbia River from Portland to Astoria, Oregon. On that run she competed with the "T. J. Potter", another luxury boat owned by the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company (ORNC). This competition was resolved in about 1896, when Shaver Transportation took its boats off the Portland/Astoria run in return for a monthly subsidy from ORNC. In 1897, Shaver Transportation bought their fourth boat, the "No Wonder", which had been built in 1877 by another founder of Portland, by George Washington Weidler, for log-towing purposes, and named the "Wonder". |
He later resumed the post of Principal Private Secretary, as well as being appointed the Downing Street Chief of Staff after the resignation of Stephen Carter. In 2010, after David Cameron became Prime Minister, Heywood was replaced as Chief of Staff by Edward Llewellyn and as Principal Private Secretary by James Bowler. He returned to the civil service and was subsequently appointed the first Downing Street Permanent Secretary, a role created for the purpose of liaising between the Cabinet Secretary and the Chief of Staff within the Cabinet Office. On 11 October 2011 it was announced that Heywood would replace Sir Gus O'Donnell as the Cabinet Secretary, the highest-ranked official in Her Majesty's Civil Service, upon the latter's retirement in January 2012. It was also announced that Heywood would not concurrently hold the roles of Head of the Home Civil Service and Permanent Secretary for the Cabinet Office, as would usually be the case. These positions instead went to Sir Bob Kerslake and Ian Watmore respectively. On 1 January 2012, Heywood was knighted and officially made Cabinet Secretary. In July 2014 it was announced that Kerslake would step down and Heywood would take the title of Head of the Home Civil Service in the coming autumn. In September 2014, Heywood duly succeeded Kerslake. , Heywood was paid a salary of between £195,000 and £199,999, making him one of the 328 most highly paid people in the British public sector at that time. In June 2013, he visited "The Guardian"s offices to warn its then editor, Alan Rusbridger, that "The Guardian"s involvement with Edward Snowden could make it a target for "our guys" in British intelligence and "Chinese agents on your staff". He was criticised when he vetoed release to the Chilcot Inquiry of 150 letters and records of phone calls between Tony Blair and President George W. Bush before the 2003 Iraq War. Heywood was diagnosed with lung cancer in June 2017 and took a leave of absence from his position in June 2018 owing to his illness. He retired on health grounds on 24 October 2018. Over a week later, he died on 4 November 2018, aged 56. In 1997, Heywood married Suzanne Cook. Together they had three children, including twins. Suzanne is a former civil servant who moved into the private sector: she has been managing director of the Exor Group since 2016 and chair of CNH Industrial since 2018. Heywood was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 2002 New Year Honours, and a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) in 2003. |
Subsets and Splits