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3717700	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Milton	Arthur Milton	Arthur Milton Clement Arthur Milton (10 March 1928 – 25 April 2007) was an English cricketer and footballer. He played County cricket for Gloucestershire from 1948 to 1974, playing six Test matches for England in 1958 and 1959. He also played domestic football for Arsenal between 1951 and 1955, and then for a brief period for Bristol City. He played one match for England in 1951, against Austria at Wembley. He was the last man, and the last survivor, of the twelve people to have played at the highest international level for both England's football and cricket teams. The cricket writer, Colin Bateman, described Milton as a, "stylish, relaxed run-maker". Early life Milton was born in Bedminster, in Bristol, and was educated at Cotham Grammar School also in Bristol. A natural sportsman, he became School Captain of cricket, football and rugby union. He also showed talent at mathematics, but decided to pursue sporting glory rather than attend university. Cricket career Milton played for Stapleton Cricket Club as an all-rounder, and then started to play for Gloucestershire Second XI. He made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire in June 1948, against Northants. He went on to play county cricket in 585 matches over 26 years, until he retired in 1974. Milton was 12th man in the Ashes series against Australia in 1953, and was named as 12th man again for the first Test against South Africa in 1955 (although he was forced to withdraw through injury). He played six Tests for England between 1958 and 1959. He made his Test debut in the third Test against New Zealand on 3 July 1958 at Headingley. He opened the batting with MJK Smith (another double international, at cricket and rugby), scoring 104 not out. He was the first Gloucestershire player to score a century on his England Test debut since W.G. Grace. He was also the first England player to remain on the playing field the whole of a Test match: he fielded throughout New Zealand's first innings, then opened the batting for England and ended undefeated, and fielded again through New Zealand's second innings, as England won by an innings and 71 runs. He lost his place for the fourth Test, but returned for the fifth Test at the Oval. He was one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1959. Milton was part of the England side that toured Australia that winter, playing in the first Test at Sydney and the third Test at Melbourne, but he struggled, and returned home with an injured finger. He played in the first two Tests against India in 1959, ending his short Test career in the second Test at Lord's that June. Milton never played Test cricket again, but he continued to achieve success in county cricket. In all, he took 79 first-class wickets with his right-arm medium pace bowling, and his football fitness and quick reflexes also made him a notably fast runner in the field, taking 758 catches, but he was mainly a prolific opening batsman from 1951, noted for his running between the wickets. He scored over 32,000 first-class runs at the relatively low batting average of 33.66 runs, passing 1,000 runs in 16 seasons. He played 1,017 innings for Gloucestershire, a record for the county. Perhaps his best season was 1967, when, aged 39, he scored seven centuries and passed 2,000 runs. He was Gloucestershire captain in 1968. He was a coach at the University of Oxford after his retirement. Football career He joined Arsenal as an amateur in April 1945, turning professional the next year. National Service meant Milton had to break his football career for two years between 1946 and 1948, but he returned to Arsenal afterwards and continued to play in Arsenal's reserve side. He made his first-team debut against Aston Villa on his twenty third birthday, 10 March 1951. He went on to become a regular for Arsenal at right half and outside-right. After making only twelve League appearances, Milton was called up for England, and won his first and only cap, in a 2–2 draw against Austria on 28 November 1951. Milton went on to win the First Division title with Arsenal in 1952–53, but soon after faced competition for his place from Danny Clapton and Derek Tapscott. In all, Milton played 84 matches for Arsenal, scoring 21 goals. After only being a bit-part player for two seasons, he moved to Bristol City in February 1955 for a transfer fee of £4,000. He helped them win promotion to Division Two. After 15 matches at Bristol City, he retired from football altogether in the summer of 1955 to concentrate on his cricket career. Personal life, retirement and death He married Joan, the daughter of his first landlady as a young recruit at Arsenal. After his sporting career ended, Milton became a postman in Bristol, where he was a big fan of greyhound racing. He also played golf, off a handicap of four, and snooker and billiards. He received an honorary MA from Bristol University in 2002. He died at the age of 79 in hospital, shortly after suffering a heart attack in his house in Bristol on the morning of 25 April 2007. He was survived by his wife and their three sons. Honours First Division: 1952–53 References External links Obituary, The Guardian, 27 April 2007 Obituary, The Independent, 27 April 2007 Obituary, The Daily Telegraph, 27 April 2007 Obituary, The Times, 28 April 2007 Double international Arthur Milton dies, Cricinfo, 25 April 2007 1928 births 2007 deaths Cricketers from Bristol England Test cricketers Cricketers who made a century on Test debut English cricketers Gloucestershire cricket captains Gloucestershire cricketers Players cricketers Wisden Cricketers of the Year English men's footballers England men's international footballers Men's association football midfielders Arsenal F.C. players Bristol City F.C. players Footballers from Bristol Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers A. E. R. Gilligan's XI cricketers
56395262	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy%20of%20Poland%2C%20Manila	Embassy of Poland, Manila	Embassy of Poland, Manila The Embassy of Poland in Manila is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Poland to the Republic of the Philippines. The embassy was opened on January 4, 2018, although a previous embassy was also established in the early 1990s. History Poland did not initially open a resident embassy in the Philippines when diplomatic relations between the two countries were formally established on September 22, 1973, with relations initially being conducted through the Polish embassy in Tokyo. In 1993, a resident embassy was opened in Manila, but the mission was closed the following year. Following the closure of the resident embassy, the Philippines was placed under the jurisdiction of the Polish embassy in Bangkok, and eventually the embassy in Kuala Lumpur. While there was no resident embassy in the Philippines, Poland conducted its diplomatic relations through its honorary consulate in Manila, which was first opened in 1938. A second honorary consulate was opened in Cebu City in 2009, followed by a third in General Santos in 2013. In 2013, the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent a delegation to the Philippines to discuss the possible reopening of the embassy in Manila, owing to the growing Philippine economy and the possibility of enhancing political, economic and touristic exchanges through having a permanent presence in the Philippines. Three years later, Foreign Minister Witold Waszczykowski announced in a speech delivered on the floor of the Sejm that the embassy in Manila would be reopened, coinciding with Poland's desire to expand its economic involvement in Asia. On August 23, 2017, Deputy Foreign Minister Marek Magierowski presented a note verbale to Patricia Ann Paez, the Philippine ambassador to Poland, informing the Philippine government that it would be reopening the embassy on January 2, 2018, and after 24 years of closure, the Polish Embassy in Manila was finally reopened on January 4, 2018. Location and staff The Polish Embassy is provisionally headed by a chargé d'affaires, pending the appointment of an ambassador by the Polish government. The current chargé d'affaires is Jarosław Szczepankiewicz, who had previously served as the Polish ambassador to Ethiopia between 2008 and 2012. The chancery is located in the Del Rosario Law Center, in the business district Bonifacio Global City of Taguig, Metro Manila. The building also houses the embassies of Sweden, Norway, and Hungary. See also Philippines–Poland relations Embassy of the Philippines, Warsaw Polish settlement in the Philippines List of diplomatic missions of Poland References External links Website of the Embassy of Poland in Manila Poland Manila 1993 establishments in the Philippines 1994 disestablishments in the Philippines 2018 establishments in the Philippines
1273216	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gus%20Bell	Gus Bell	Gus Bell David Russell "Gus" Bell Jr. (November 15, 1928 – May 7, 1995) was an American professional baseball player and scout. He played in Major League Baseball as a center fielder from 1950 to 1964, most prominently as a member of the Cincinnati Reds, where, he was a four-time All-Star player, and was a member of the National League pennant-winning team. Bell had 100 or more runs batted in four times during his Reds career and batted .292 or better six times. Bell also played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, New York Mets and the Milwaukee Braves. He was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame in 1964. Family A native of Louisville, Kentucky, and graduate of Bishop Benedict Joseph Flaget High School, Bell was the oldest member of a rare three-generation major league family. He was nicknamed "Gus" as a youngster because he was a fan of longtime MLB player Gus Mancuso. His son Buddy has been a third baseman, coach, manager and front-office executive in the majors since 1972, and his grandsons, former MLB infielders David and Mike, became coaches, managers or player development officials after their playing careers. Gus Bell wore uniform #25 during his nine years with the Cincinnati Reds (known as the "Redlegs" from 1953 to 1958); Buddy Bell wore 25 in tribute to his father during much of his playing and managing career, including his 1985–88 tenure with the Reds. David Bell, named manager of the Reds in , carried on the tradition when he took Cincinnati uniform #25 as well. Career Pittsburgh Pirates Bell was 18 years old when he made his pro debut in the Pirates' farm system in 1947. In both 1948 and 1949, he batted over .300, and led the Eastern League in hits during the latter season. A torrid start to his 1950 season at Triple-A Indianapolis — he hit .400 with 66 hits in 38 games — earned him a call-up to Pittsburgh. He debuted on May 30 playing both ends of a Memorial Day doubleheader against the St. Louis Cardinals at Forbes Field, and went four for ten; then, the following day, against the Boston Braves, he maintained the same pace, with two hits in five at bats. He ended his rookie season with a .282 batting mark in 111 games as the Bucs' starting rightfielder. Bell played for the Pirates through , leading the National League in triples with 12 in , and driving in 89 runs. On June 4, 1951, he hit for the cycle against the Philadelphia Phillies. In 2004, his grandson David hit for the cycle; Gus Bell and David Bell are the only grandfather-grandson duo in major league history to hit for the cycle. But a terrible 1952 campaign, during which the Pirates compiled a franchise-worst 42–112 record and Bell slumped to a .250 batting mark in 131 games, led to his October 14, 1952, trade to the Cincinnati Reds for three players. Cincinnati Redlegs/Reds During his nine years with Cincinnati from through , Bell achieved success and popularity. A four-time NL All-Star selection (1953–54, 1956–57), he enjoyed his best seasons in 1953, when he hit .300 with 30 home runs and 105 RBI, and in , batting .308 with 27 home runs and 104 RBI. Four times, he recorded more than 100 RBI in a season and hit 103 home runs from 1953 to . Bell hit home runs in three consecutive at-bats on May 29, 1956. During the 1956 season, Bell, Ted Kluszewski and Bob Thurman became the second trio of teammates each to have three-home run games in the same season. The feat had been accomplished by the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1950 (Duke Snider, Roy Campanella and Tommy Brown) and subsequently was equally by the Cleveland Indians in 1987 (Cory Snyder, Joe Carter and Brook Jacoby). In , Bell and six of his teammates – Ed Bailey, Johnny Temple, Roy McMillan, Don Hoak, Wally Post and Frank Robinson — were voted to the National League All-Star starting lineup, the result of a ballot stuffing campaign by Cincinnati fans. Bell remained on the team as a reserve, but Post was taken off altogether due to injury. Bell and Post were replaced as starters by Hank Aaron and Willie Mays. Bell entered the game as a pinch hitter for Robinson in the seventh and drove in both Mays and Bailey with a double against Early Wynn. Bell's last season as a regular outfielder was , when he started 122 of the Reds' 154 games. In 1961, his final year with Cincinnati, he was a part-time player (starting 54 games) on the Reds' first pennant-winning team in 21 years. In the 1961 World Series, Bell was called on to pinch hit in Games 3, 4 and 5 and went hitless in three at bats. One day after the conclusion of the Fall Classic, won by the New York Yankees four games to one, Bell was the eighth overall selection in the primary phase of the National League expansion draft by the New York Mets. New York Mets Bell started the season with the Mets, and on April 11, 1962, he was the starting right fielder in the Mets' inaugural game. He became the first base runner in Met history after hitting a single in the second inning of an 11–4 loss to the Cardinals. But he collected only 15 hits in 101 at bats (.149) in 30 games with the expansion club. Milwaukee Braves On May 21, 1962, Bell was sent to Milwaukee to complete a November 1961 transaction in which the Mets acquired veteran slugger Frank Thomas. He batted .285 in 79 games (with 53 games started as an outfielder) to raise his 1962 season average to .241. But he had only six more MLB at bats as a Brave in 1963–64 until he was released on May 12, 1964, during the roster cutdown then in effect in the major leagues. Post-playing career Bell was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame in 1964. After his playing career, he worked for an auto dealership, ran a temporary employment agency, and was a scout for the Cleveland Indians and Texas Rangers. Bell died in May 1995, at Bethesda North Hospital near Cincinnati; he had recently had a heart attack. He was survived by seven children and 36 grandchildren. On what would have been Bell's 83rd birthday – November 15, 2011 – he was inducted into the Louisville Catholic Sports Hall of Fame, with a speech by his grandson David. See also List of Major League Baseball players to hit for the cycle List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders List of second-generation Major League Baseball players References External links Gus Bell at The Deadball Era Gus Bell Chronology and Facts at This Day In Baseball 1928 births 1995 deaths Albany Senators players American Roman Catholics Baseball players from Louisville, Kentucky Cincinnati Redlegs players Cincinnati Reds players Cleveland Indians scouts Flaget High School alumni Hollywood Stars players Indianapolis Indians players Keokuk Pirates players Leesburg Pirates players Major League Baseball center fielders Major League Baseball right fielders Milwaukee Braves players National League All-Stars New York Mets players Pittsburgh Pirates players Texas Rangers scouts
3483958	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%20%28%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%20%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%29	تانامروت (أفلا ندرا)	تانامروت (أفلا ندرا) تانامروت هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة أفلاندرا، إقليم زاكورة، جهة درعة تافيلالت في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة أفلا ندرا التي تضم 11 دوار. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 299 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004. مراجع روابط خارجية البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية المندوبية السامية للتخطيط أماكن مأهولة في أفلا ندرا (أفلاندرا)
5317307	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87%20%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1	أيزاياه تايلور	أيزاياه تايلور (11 يوليو 1994 في الولايات المتحدة - ) هو لاعب كرة سلة أمريكي في مركز هجوم خلفي. لعب مع . مراجع وصلات خارجية أشخاص على قيد الحياة أعلام كرة سلة أمريكيون مغتربون في إسرائيل رياضيون من هايوارد (كاليفورنيا) لاعبو الدوري الإسباني لكرة السلة لاعبو أتلانتا هوكس لاعبو أحرار الدوري الأمريكي لكرة السلة لاعبو ريو غراندي فالي فايبرز لاعبو زالغيريس لكرة السلة لاعبو سي بي مورسيا لاعبو شانشي بريف دراجونز لاعبو كرة سلة أمريكيون لاعبو كرة سلة مغتربون أمريكيون في الصين لاعبو كرة سلة مغتربون أمريكيون في إسبانيا لاعبو كرة سلة مغتربون أمريكيون في تركيا لاعبو كرة سلة مغتربون أمريكيون في ليتوانيا لاعبو كرة سلة من كاليفورنيا لاعبو كرة قاعدة من مقاطعة ألاميدا (كاليفورنيا) لاعبو نادي أنادولو إفيس لكرة السلة لاعبو هجوم خلفي (كرة السلة) لاعبو هيوستن روكتس مدافعون (كرة السلة) مواليد 1994
6310191	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%20%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%20S5	رنا ريبوسومي S5	رنا ريبوسومي S5 الرنا الريبوسومي S5 هو أحد جزيئات الرنا الريبوسومي الصغيرة ويتكون من 121 نوكليوتيد ووزنه 40 كدا، وهو مكون هيكلي ووظيفي للوحدة الفرعية الكبيرة للريبوسوم في جميع نطاقات الحياة (بكتيريا، عتائق وحقيقيات النوى) باستثناء رنا المتقدرة لدى الفطريات والحيوانات. تشير العلامة S5 إلى سرعة التثفل (الترسب) أثناء الطرد المركزي الفائق، والتي تقاس بوحدة سفيدبرغ. التخليق الحيوي لدى حقيقيات النوى، يتواجد الرنا 5S عادة في مشغلات الرنا الريبوسومي مع الاتجاه من الرنا الريبوسومي الخاص بالوحدة الفرعية الكبيرة والصغيرة، ويترجمون معا إلى نسخة أولية عديدة السيسترون. ميزة خاصة بجينوم حقيقيات النوى هي تواجدُ عدة جينات مشفِّرة للرنا 5S (5S rDNA) متجمعة في تكرارات ترادفية، مع كون عددها يختلف من جنس لآخر. يُخلَّق الرنا 5S الخاص بحقيقيات النوى بواسطة بوليميراز الرنا 3 في حين أن بقية جزيئات الرنا الريبوسومي الأخرى تُقص من الرنا الأولي 45S المنسوخ بواسطة بوايميراز الرنا 1. في الخلية البيضية للقيطم، تبين أن الأصابع 4-7 من أصابع الزنك التسعة الخاصة بعامل النسخ TFIIIA يمكنها الارتباط بالموقع المركزي للرنا 5S. الارتباط بين الرنا 5S وTFIIIA له وظيفتان: الأولى كبت ترجمة المزيد من جين الرنا 5S والثانية ضمان استقرار نسخة الرنا حتى تكون هنالك حاجة إليها عند تجميع الريبوسوم. البنية تتكون البنية الثانوية للرنا 5S من خمسة لوالب (يرمز إليها من V-I بالأرقام الرومانية)، أربع حلقات (E-B) ومفصل واحد وتشكل جميع هذه الأنماط البنيوية بنية تشبه حرف Y. الحلقتان C وD هما حلقتان جذعيتان نهائيتان، والحلقتان B وE داخليتان. تبعا لدراسات علم تطور السلالات من الأرجح أن اللولبين I وIII سلفيان (موروث من سلف مشترك). يشمل اللولب III جزيئتي أدينوسين عاليتا الانحفاظ. يُعتقد أن اللولب V -وهو بنية حلقة جذعية- يتآثر مع عامل النسخ TFIIIA. مراجع الحمض النووي الريبوزي الريبوسومي
8268518	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%20%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88	كلاريسا غاروتينيو	كلاريسا غاروتينيو كلاريسا باروس أسد ماتيوس دي أوليفيرا (من مواليد 2 يوليو 1982) والمعروف أكثر باسم كلاريسا غاروتينيو هي سياسية وصحفية برازيلية. أمضت حياتها السياسية في تمثيل ريو دي جانيرو، بعد أن عملت كممثلة للدولة منذ عام 2015. الحياة الشخصية هي ابنة أنتوني جاروتينيو وروزينها جاروتينيو. تنحدر غاروتينيو من عائلة سياسية، حيث يعمل والداها كحاكمين لولاية ريو دي جانيرو. هي واحدة من تسعة أطفال لأنتوني وروزينها، ثلاثة منهم بيولوجيون وخمسة تم تبنيهم من قبل والديها. درست الصحافة في شبابها في كليات هيليو الونسو المتكاملة. كما هو الحال مع بقية أفراد عائلتها، فإن غاروتينيو هي من الكنيسة المشيخية الورعة وعضو في التجمع الإنجيلي. في يناير 2016 أعلنت جاروتينيو أنها كانت مخطوبة لرجل الأعمال ماركوس ألتيف، وأن الزوجين كانا يتوقعان طفلهما الأول. الحياة السياسية في عام 2009 بسبب الجدل الدائر حول الخيانة الحزبية المزعومة، غادرت غاروتينيو الحركة الديمقراطية البرازيلية وانضمت إلى حزب الجمهورية. وقد تمت تبرئتها لاحقًا من التهم، وزعم حزبها الجديد أنها تعرضت «للتمييز» من قبل الحركة الديمقراطية البرازيلية. في نفس العام تم انتخاب غاروتينيو في مجلس مدينة ريو دي جانيرو. في عام 2012 انضمت عائلتا غاروتينيو ومايا السياسيتان لتشكيل ما اعتبرته وسائل الإعلام البرازيلية تحالفًا غير متوقع لهزيمة رئيس بلدية ريو دي جانيرو آنذاك إدواردو بايس، الذي كان يترشح لإعادة انتخابه. التحالف بين العائلتين وأحزاب: الحزب الليبرالي والحزب الديمقراطي برئاسة رودريغو مايا نجل عمدة ريو السابق سيزار مايا، وكانت كلاريسا كمرشح لمنصب نائب رئيس البلدية. كان هذا يعتبر مثيرا للجدل حيث كان سيزار مايا وأنتوني جاروتينيو منافسين سياسيين. ومع ذلك كانت الحملة فاشلة حيث أعيد انتخاب إدواردو بايس بشكل مريح بأكثر من 2 مليون صوت أو 64٪ من الأصوات، بينما حصل مايا وجاروتينيو على 95.328 صوتًا فقط (3٪ من الأصوات). في عام 2014 جرت الانتخابات البرازيلية العامة، وانتخبت غاروتينهو لمجلس النواب الاتحادي، وحصلت على 335.061 صوت. لم تصوت غاروتينيو في قرار عزل الرئيسة آنذاك ديلما روسيف، حيث قالت إنها لم تكن قادرة على القيام بذلك بسبب حملها. بسبب الطريقة التي تم بها احتساب أصوات الغائبين، تم احتساب غياب جاروتينيو في الواقع على أنه تصويت لصالح روسيف. كان هذا يعتبر من المفارقات حيث كان حزب جاروتينيو ووالداها يدافعون عن عزل روسيف. صوّتت غاروتينيو ضد الإصلاحات الضريبية لعامي 2016 و2017. في نوفمبر 2016 طُردت غاروتينيو مرة أخرى من حزب سياسي بسبب الخيانة الحزبية، حيث تم طردها من حزب الجمهورية لتعاونها مع سياسيين من فصيل منافس في المجلس التشريعي. بعد ذلك انضمت إلى الحزب الجمهوري البرازيلي بدعوة من مارسيلو كريفيلا. بعد ذلك بعامين تم طرد غاروتينيو ووالدتها روزينيا من مكتب مراجعة الدستور بسبب التحقيق معهم بتهمة الفساد. أعيد انتخابها في 2018 في الانتخابات العامة البرازيلية. في فبراير 2019 أعلنت غاروتينيو أنها ستخوض انتخابات بلدية ريو دي جانيرو لعام 2020. المراجع أشخاص من كامبوس دوس غويتاكازس برازيليون عرب برازيليون من أصل برتغالي سياسيات برازيليات صحفيون برازيليون مشيخيون برازيليون مواليد 1982
60447339	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture%20of%20the%20United%20Arab%20Emirates	Architecture of the United Arab Emirates	Architecture of the United Arab Emirates The architecture of the United Arab Emirates has undergone dramatic transformation in recent decades, from operating as a collection of fishing villages to a global business hub known for its innovation and dynamism. Between the 1960s and 1970s, architecture in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) remained solely traditional, with narrow alleys and windtower houses still in use, reflective of a strong Bedouin heritage. Architecture is influenced by elements of Islamic, Arabian and Persian culture. In the early 1970s, Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, the then ruler of Dubai, employed British architect John R Harris to create the stylish modernist architecture for which the major cities of the UAE are known today. The introduction of exposed glass curtain walls represented the beginning of a movement, used extensively in the design of almost every commercial and high rise building façade in the Persian Gulf. In less commercial areas, Emirati architecture continues to heavily reflects the custom and traditional lifestyles of the native people. Building materials are simple, in contrast with the refined images of Dubai and Abu Dhabi today. Traditional influences Traditional architecture in the United Arab Emirates was heavily influenced by the desert landscape, culture, lifestyle and available building materials. The Bedouin, a nomadic Arabic tribe who traditionally live in the desert were well known for using palm frond shelters, known as arish in the summer months. Frames for arish houses were often made with mangrove poles, imported from East Africa. In colder months, a move towards using animal skin shelters would be made. The Bedouin tent was a useful and adaptable structure often made of sheep wool, camels’ hair or goat hair by the women of the tribe. Such structures were called Bait al Sha’ar, meaning ‘House of Hair’. Other materials such as a mixture of seashells and limestone were used as building resources in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The nomadic nature of the Bedouin tribe demanded the need for light disposable materials that could be found along coastal lines. In contrast, permanent houses inland were constructed with a mud mixture formed into bricks, strengthened using stones bonded together with a mixture of red clay and manure. The geographical context of a tribe or group determined the type of materials that were used in the construction of buildings, meaning that most structures were made of materials drawn from the surrounding environment. These ranged from coral, mud and stone through to palm fronds and animal hair. The harsh climate of the United Arab Emirates created a need for ventilation due to high temperature periods of the year. This resulted in the introduction of Iranian windtowers, known as barjeels. These vertical shafts allow for a downward flow of cool air and a distribution of water to become available at the bottom of the structure, allowing for the inside temperature of the building to be cooled. Ancient architecture While human settlement in the United Arab Emirates can be traced back to the Stone Age (6,000–3,200 BC), it was not until the Bronze Age (3,200–1,300 BC) that larger establishments began to form. Such settlements were developed in inland oases and coastal areas, populated by farmers, animal herders and fisherman. The first recorded large settlement was the town of Al Ain, through which inhabitants would export agricultural products through the port of Umm Al Nar, located off Abu Dhabi Island. This was a permanent establishment made up of well-constructed buildings built from cut and dressed stone, complete with circular tower-like tombs. Evidence from these sites indicates a strong trade evolving from pottery production and the export of copper, particularly between these settlements and surrounding civilisations such as Mesopotamia. A water irrigation system known as qanat emerged in the Iron Age (1,300–300 BC). This system provided a relatively constant water supply all year round by taking advantage of underground water supplies, leading to a change in settlement patterns as groups would follow the route of the water source. Up until the mid 20th century (marking the beginning of Western attention to the area), most building fell into five categories: religious, residential, markets, public, and defensive buildings. Buildings that were constructed up until then remained within traditional styles. Unlike other styles of Islamic and Persian architecture, there is little ornamentation found in traditional architecture of the UAE. Only a small number of mosques offer any form of ornamentation, reflecting the lack of resources at hand and general reliance on simple but effective structures. Globalisation The onset of the Globalisation era of the 1980s saw the United Arab Emirates become one of the most developed countries in the Persian Gulf region. The country saw a major economic boost with transforming into a commodity based economy, with shipments of oil and natural gas accounting for 40% of total exports and 38% of GDP. In the past two decades, significant effort has been made to diversify the economy and reduce dependency on oil revenues, with huge investments in tourism, financial and construction sectors. Since the late 1980s, architecture of the United Arab Emirates has become renowned for its urban image, becoming highly westernised but still retaining elements of traditional Emirati culture. Architecture of the state is heavily influenced by the inflow of wealth that has resulted from the economic boom of recent decades. Nonetheless, recent urban and commercial development in all major cities of the UAE continued to be influenced by Islamic architecture, giving these global metropoles a distinct Arabic background. Major cities Dubai Early construction after the expansion of Dubai as a global city paid little attention to traditional Islamic architecture and concerns for the environment were not considered. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, glass towers became prominent in the city of Dubai, all of which required enormous amounts of electricity to keep cool. Recently, builders and architects have become aware of both Arabic heritage and environmental concerns, leading to more harmonious development overseen by Dubai’s rulers in the last 20 years. Efficient heat resistant materials are increasingly used in construction, combined with traditional Arabic designs. This can be seen in the buildings for which Dubai has attracted worldwide attention for, including the Burj Khalifa and Burj Al Arab. The Burj Khalifa was inaugurated in January 2010, unveiled as the world’s tallest freestanding structure at 829.8 m (2.722 ft.). The structure is host to several mixed facilities, including commercial shops, offices, entertainment venues and residential sectors. In designing the building, the lead architect Adrian Smith undertook elements of traditional Islamic architecture, which uses stepped ascending spirals. This reflected elements of Islamic design while creating a strategic shape to ensure the mass of the building reduces with height, allowing for a stronger and more fortified structure. The building supposedly ascends from a flower shaped based, imitating the Hymenocallis, a white lily native to the surrounding desert. The Burj Al Arab (translated to ‘Arabian tower’) was designed by architect Tom Wright to resemble a J-class yacht. The structure is made of a steel frame exterior wrapped around a concrete tower, with white Teflon encased fibreglass forming the ‘sail’. The Burj Al Arab stands on an artificial island 280 m (918.6 ft.) from Jumeirah Beach. The architect claimed that "the client wanted a building that would become a symbolic statement for Dubai, similar to Sydney with its Opera House, London with Big Ben or Paris with the Eiffel Tower. It needed to be a building that would become synonymous with the name of the city." The building opened in 1999 after five years of construction. Abu Dhabi In 1967, Abu Dhabi's architecture was planned under the guidance of Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan by Japanese architect Katsuhiko Takahashi. In areas of high population density, there is a large amount of medium and high rise buildings, amongst the city’s notable skyscrapers; the Etihad towers, the National Bank of Abu Dhabi headquarters, the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower, the Aldar headquarters and the Emirates Palace, heavily influenced by its Arab heritage. Abu Dhabi is home to several supertall skyscrapers. The development of tall buildings has been encouraged in the Abu Dhabi Plan 2030. The expansion of Abu Dhabi’s central business district continues to grow, with several skyscraper buildings under construction in the city. Some of the tallest buildings in Abu Dhabi include the Central Market Residential Tower at 328m (1,253.28 ft.), The Landmark at 324m (1,062.99 ft.) and the Sky Tower at 310 m (1017.06 ft.). In contrast to the heavily modernised skyscrapers of the city, the Sheikh Zayed Mosque continues to stand out as one of the most treasured sites of contemporary UAE society. Its design and construction began in November 1996, aiming to ‘unite the world’, employing artisans and materials from several countries including Germany, Italy, Turkey, Iran, Morocco, Pakistan, the UAE, Greece, New Zealand and China. The mosque is made of materials such as marble, stone, gold, ceramics and crystals, all chosen for their long-lasting qualities. As such, the structure is an ode to the globalised nature of modern architecture, but does by still incorporating many traditional facets of traditional Arabic design. Rural Emirati architecture In less commercialised areas of the United Arab Emirates, architecture remains largely traditional, with barjeel structures still in use for practical purposes. Much of the UAE’s traditional vernacular architecture developed in the 18th and 19th centuries remains in less westernised areas of the state. Such settlements are established in response to specific social and environmental conditions; homes, market places, mosques and fortified buildings are all reflective of the interconnected influences between a group’s culture and trade. To this day, building materials are simple and reflective of resources at hand. The usage of stone guss, a lime mixture derived from seashells and a chalk and water paste is characteristic of more permanent inland houses. The structure of such houses is indicative of privacy and ventilation as central needs of the population, with high walls and limited visibility into buildings. Courtyard housing features are still utilised, designed to allow public interaction between male members of the household while preserving dignity and privacy of female family members. This is an example of traditional societal standards being well preserved through architectural fixtures in less commercialised areas. Rural and village architecture in the UAE is solely based on protecting occupants from the harsh environmental elements and climate of the geographical area. At a basic level, protection is needed from high temperatures, high humidity, high solar radiation, dust storms and desert winds. This is heavily reflected in the traditional and current use of courtyard houses and arish (houses built of palm tree leaves). See also Culture of the United Arab Emirates Islamic architecture Persian architecture References
6553808	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF	الكلية الأمريكية لأطباء الأمراض النسائية والتوليد	الكلية الأمريكية لأطباء الأمراض النسائية والتوليد هي جمعية مهنية للأطباء المتخصصين في التوليد والأمراض النسائية في الولايات المتحدة . تأسست عام 1951. مراجع روابط خارجية ACOG الموقع الرسمي موقع مجلة جرين تأسيسات سنة 1951 في الولايات المتحدة جمعيات طبية مقرها في الولايات المتحدة منظمات أسست في 1951 منظمات طبية وصحية مقرها في واشنطن العاصمة منظمات طب التوليد وطب النساء
4451	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book%20of%20Jonah	Book of Jonah	Book of Jonah The Book of Jonah is one of the twelve minor prophets of the Nevi'im ("Prophets") in the Hebrew Bible, and an individual book in the Christian Old Testament. The book tells of a Hebrew prophet named Jonah, son of Amittai, who is sent by God to prophesy the destruction of Nineveh, but attempts to escape his divine mission. The story has a long interpretive history and has become well known through popular children's stories. In Judaism, it is the Haftarah portion read during the afternoon of Yom Kippur to instill reflection on God's willingness to forgive those who repent, and it remains a popular story among Christians. The story is also retold in the Quran. Date The prophet Jonah is mentioned in 2 Kings 14:25, which places Jonah's life during the reign of Jeroboam II (786–746 BC), but the book of Jonah itself does not name a king or give any other details that would give the story a firm date. The majority of scholars date the book much later, to the post-exilic period sometime between the late 5th to early 4th century BC; perhaps (along with Book of Ruth) as a counter to the emphasis on racial purity in the time of Ezra. An even later date is sometimes proposed, with Katherine Dell arguing for the Hellenistic period (332–167 BC). Assyriologist Donald Wiseman takes issue with the idea that the story is late (or a parable). Among other arguments he mentions that the "Legends of Agade" (see Sargon of Akkad and Rabisu) date to the time of the Old Babylonian Empire, though later versions "usually taken as a late composition, propagandistic fairy tale or historical romance can now, on the basis of new discoveries of earlier sources, be shown to be based on a serious and reliable historical record". Narrative Unlike the other Minor Prophets, the book of Jonah is almost entirely narrative (with the exception of the poem in the second chapter). The actual prophetic word against Nineveh is given only in passing through the narrative. The story of Jonah has a setting, characters, a plot, and themes; it also relies heavily on such literary devices as irony. Outline The Outline of the Book of Jonah. 1. Jonah Flees From His Prophetic Calling (1:1-2:10) 1. Jonah’s Disobedience and its Consequences (1:1-17) 2. Jonah's Deliverance and Thanksgiving (2:1-10) 2. Jonah Fulfills His Prophetic Calling (3:1-4:11) 1. Jonah’s Obedience and Nineveh’s Repentance (3:1-10) 2. Jonah's Jonah’s Displeasure at the Lord’s Salvation (4:1-11) Summary Jonah is the central character in the Book of Jonah, in which Yahweh commands him to go to the city of Nineveh to prophesy against it for their great wickedness against him. However, Jonah instead attempts to run from Yahweh by going to Jaffa and sailing to Tarshish. A huge storm arises and the sailors, realizing that it is no ordinary storm, cast lots and discover that Jonah is to blame. Jonah admits this and states that if he is thrown overboard, the storm will cease. The sailors refuse to do this and continue rowing, but all their efforts fail and they are eventually forced to throw Jonah overboard. As a result, the storm calms and the sailors then offer sacrifices to Yahweh. Jonah is miraculously saved by being swallowed by a large fish, in whose belly he spends three days and three nights. While in the great fish, Jonah prays to God in his affliction and commits to thanksgiving and to paying what he has vowed. God then commands the fish to vomit Jonah out. God then once again commands Jonah to travel to Nineveh and prophesy to its inhabitants. This time he reluctantly goes into the city, crying, "In forty days Nineveh shall be overthrown." After Jonah has walked across Nineveh, the people of Nineveh begin to believe his word and proclaim a fast. The king of Nineveh then puts on sackcloth and sits in ashes, making a proclamation which decrees fasting, the wearing of sackcloth, prayer, and repentance. God sees their repentant hearts and spares the city at that time. The entire city is humbled and broken with the people (and even the animals) in sackcloth and ashes. Displeased by this, Jonah refers to his earlier flight to Tarshish while asserting that, since God is merciful, it was inevitable that God would turn from the threatened calamities. He then leaves the city and makes himself a shelter, waiting to see whether or not the city will be destroyed. God causes a plant (in Hebrew a ) to grow over Jonah's shelter to give him some shade from the sun. Later, God causes a worm to bite the plant's root and it withers. Jonah, now being exposed to the full force of the sun, becomes faint and pleads for God to kill him. In response, God offers Jonah one final rebuke: Interpretive history Early Jewish interpretation Fragments of the book were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, most of which follows the Masoretic Text closely and with Mur XII reproducing a large portion of the text. As for the non-canonical writings, the majority of references to biblical texts were made as appeals to authority. The Book of Jonah appears to have served less purpose in the Qumran community than other texts, as the writings make no references to it. Late Jewish interpretation The 18th century Lithuanian master scholar and kabbalist, Elijah of Vilna, known as the Vilna Gaon, authored a commentary on the biblical Book of Jonah as an allegory of reincarnation. Early Christian interpretation New Testament The earliest Christian interpretations of Jonah are found in the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke. Both Matthew and Luke record a tradition of Jesus' interpretation of the Book of Jonah (notably, Matthew includes two very similar traditions in chapters 12 and 16). As with most Old Testament interpretations found in the New Testament, Jesus' interpretation is primarily typological. Jonah becomes a "type" for Jesus. Jonah spent three days in the belly of the fish; Jesus will spend three days in the tomb. Here, Jesus plays on the imagery of Sheol found in Jonah's prayer. While Jonah metaphorically declared, "Out of the belly of Sheol I cried," Jesus will literally be in the belly of Sheol. Finally, Jesus compares his generation to the people of Nineveh. Jesus fulfills his role as a type of Jonah, however his generation fails to fulfill its role as a type of Nineveh. Nineveh repented, but Jesus' generation, which has seen and heard one even greater than Jonah, fails to repent. Through his typological interpretation of the Book of Jonah, Jesus has weighed his generation and found it wanting. Augustine of Hippo The debate over the credibility of the miracle of Jonah is not simply a modern one. The credibility of a human being surviving in the belly of a great fish has long been questioned. In , Augustine of Hippo wrote to Deogratias concerning the challenge of some to the miracle recorded in the Book of Jonah. He writes: Augustine responds that if one is to question one miracle, then one should question all miracles as well (section 31). Nevertheless, despite his apologetic, Augustine views the story of Jonah as a figure for Christ. For example, he writes: "As, therefore, Jonah passed from the ship to the belly of the whale, so Christ passed from the cross to the sepulchre, or into the abyss of death. And as Jonah suffered this for the sake of those who were endangered by the storm, so Christ suffered for the sake of those who are tossed on the waves of this world." Augustine credits his allegorical interpretation to the interpretation of Christ himself (Matthew 12:39–40), and he allows for other interpretations as long as they are in line with Christ's. Medieval commentary tradition The Ordinary Gloss, or , was the most important Christian commentary on the Bible in the later Middle Ages. Ryan McDermott comments that "The Gloss on Jonah relies almost exclusively on Jerome's commentary on Jonah, so its Latin often has a tone of urbane classicism. But the Gloss also chops up, compresses, and rearranges Jerome with a carnivalesque glee and scholastic directness that renders the Latin authentically medieval." "The Ordinary Gloss on Jonah" has been translated into English and printed in a format that emulates the first printing of the Gloss. The relationship between Jonah and his fellow Jews is ambivalent, and complicated by the Gloss's tendency to read Jonah as an allegorical prefiguration of Jesus Christ. While some glosses in isolation seem crudely supersessionist ("The foreskin believes while the circumcision remains unfaithful"), the prevailing allegorical tendency is to attribute Jonah's recalcitrance to his abiding love for his own people and his insistence that God's promises to Israel not be overridden by a lenient policy toward the Ninevites. For the glossator, Jonah's pro-Israel motivations correspond to Christ's demurral in the Garden of Gethsemane ("My Father, if it be possible, let this chalice pass from me") and the Gospel of Matthew's and Paul's insistence that "salvation is from the Jews" (John 4:22). While in the Gloss the plot of Jonah prefigures how God will extend salvation to the nations, it also makes abundantly clear—as some medieval commentaries on the Gospel of John do not—that Jonah and Jesus are Jews, and that they make decisions of salvation-historical consequence as Jews. Modern In Jungian analysis, the belly of the whale can be seen as a symbolic death and rebirth, which is also an important stage in comparative mythologist Joseph Campbell's "hero's journey". NCSY Director of Education David Bashevkin sees Jonah as a thoughtful prophet who comes to religion out of a search for theological truth and is constantly disappointed by those who come to religion to provide mere comfort in the face of adversity inherent to the human condition. "If religion is only a blanket to provide warmth from the cold, harsh realities of life," Bashevkin imagines Jonah asking, "did concerns of theological truth and creed even matter?" The lesson taught by the episode of the tree at the end of the book is that comfort is a deep human need that religion provides, but that this need not obscure the role of God. Jonah and the "big fish" The Hebrew text of Jonah reads , literally meaning "great fish". The Septuagint translated this into Greek as , "huge whale/sea monster"; and in Greek mythology the term was closely associated with sea monsters. Saint Jerome later translated the Greek phrase as in his Latin Vulgate, and as in Matthew. At some point, became synonymous with whale (cf. cetyl alcohol, which is alcohol derived from whales). In his 1534 translation, William Tyndale translated the phrase in Jonah 2:1 as "greate fyshe", and he translated the word (Greek) or (Latin) in Matthew as "whale". Tyndale's translation was later followed by the translators of the King James Version of 1611 and has enjoyed general acceptance in English translations. In the book of Jonah chapter 1 verse 17, the Hebrew bible refers to the fish as , "great fish", in the masculine. However, in chapter 2 verse 1, the word which refers to fish is written as , meaning female fish. The verses therefore read: "And the lord provided a great fish (masculine) for Jonah, and it swallowed him, and Jonah sat in the belly of the fish (still male) for three days and nights; then, from the belly of the (female) fish, Jonah began to pray." The peculiarity of this change of gender led later rabbis to conclude that Jonah was comfortable enough in the roomy male fish to not pray, and because of this God transferred him to a smaller, female fish, in which Jonah was uncomfortable, to which he prayed. Jonah and the gourd vine The Book of Jonah closes abruptly with an epistolary warning based on the emblematic trope of a fast-growing vine present in Persian narratives, and popularized in fables such as The Gourd and the Palm-tree during the Renaissance, for example by Andrea Alciato. St. Jerome differed with St. Augustine in his Latin translation of the plant known in Hebrew as , using (from the Greek, meaning "ivy") over the more common Latin , "gourd," from which the English word gourd (Old French ) is derived. The Renaissance humanist artist Albrecht Dürer memorialized Jerome's decision to use an analogical type of Christ's "I am the Vine, you are the branches" in his woodcut Saint Jerome in His Study. References Bibliography External links An English translation of the most important medieval Christian commentary on Jonah, "The Ordinary Gloss on Jonah," PMLA 128.2 (2013): 424–38. A brief introduction to Jonah Various versions The Religion of Islam (2009), Prophet Jonah 5th-century BC books 4th-century BC books Jonah Jonah
148465	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw%20Leszczy%C5%84ski	Stanisław Leszczyński	Stanisław Leszczyński Stanisław I Leszczyński (20 October 1677 – 23 February 1766), also Anglicized and Latinized as Stanislaus I, was twice King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and at various times Prince of Deux-Ponts, Duke of Bar and Duke of Lorraine. During the Great Northern War, multiple candidates had emerged after the death of John III Sobieski for the elective kingship of Poland (which also included the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as part of the Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth). Backed by powerful neighbors in Russia and Austria, the Sejm elected August the Strong, Elector of Saxony to succeed John III in 1697 as August II. Russia's primary antagonist in the Great Northern War, Sweden had supported Stanisław Leszczyński for the throne, and after defeating a combined army of Saxon and Polish-Lithuanian forces, deposed August II and installed Leszczyński as Stanisław I in 1704. In 1709, Charles XII of Sweden, Stanisław's main supporter, suffered a defeat by the Russians at the Battle of Poltava, and was subsequently driven into exile in the Ottoman Empire. As a result, Augustus II returned to the throne, and while Charles served his exile in the Ottoman Empire, Stanisław accepted the rule of the tiny state of Deux Ponts (Zweibrücken), a small state of the Holy Roman Empire which was in personal union with Sweden and located near the region of Alsace. After Charles's death in 1719, he moved to nearby Wissembourg in Alsace. In 1725, his daughter Marie Leszczyńska married Louis XV of France. The death of August II sparked the War of the Polish Succession in 1733. As had happened on the death of John III, foreign intrigue and influence plagued the Sejm election. Despite the presence of Russian troops in the country, the Sejm, with support of the French, elected Stanisław to succeed August II, while the Russians encouraged a group of break-away nobles to hold their own election, selecting instead Frederick August of Saxony, son of August II, to the kingship. War broke out almost immediately, evolving into a proxy war between the Bourbon and Habsburg dynasties and their supporters, with the Bourbon faction led by France and Spain, with their allies Savoy and Sweden, while the Habsburg faction was led by Austria and their allies Russia, Prussia, and Saxony. After two years of fighting across the entire continent, a cease-fire was declared in 1735. Stanislaus officially abdicated in January 1736, and the Peace of Vienna was promulgated in 1738, whereby August was officially recognized as King of Poland, and Stanisław was compensated for losing the throne a second time with the duchies of Bar and Lorraine, both of which were nominally part of the Holy Roman Empire at the time. While Duke of Lorraine, Stanislas lived out his remaining years at a country estate in Lunéville, and actively ruled Lorraine and Barrois, sponsoring numerous public works projects. Nearby, Nancy, the historic capital of Lorraine, has a Place Stanislas (Stanisław Square) named in his honour, much of which was developed during his reign. He also took up political philosophy, engaging in discourse with other Enlightenment figures such as Jean Jacques Rousseau, and wrote philosophical treatises in his native Polish, making him a figure within the Polish Enlightenment. When he died in 1766, his titles passed to his son-in-law, Louis XV. His retaking of the Polish throne in 1733 formed the backdrop for Un giorno di regno, an opera by composer Giuseppe Verdi and librettist Felice Romani, which premiered in 1840. Early life Born in Lwów in 1677, he was the son of Rafał Leszczyński, voivode of Poznań Voivodeship, and Princess Anna Katarzyna Jabłonowska. He married Katarzyna Opalińska, by whom he had a daughter, Maria, who became Queen of France as wife of Louis XV. In 1697, as Cup-bearer of Poland, he signed the confirmation of the articles of election of August II the Strong. In 1703 he joined the Lithuanian Confederation, which the Sapiehas with the aid of Sweden had formed against August. King for the first time The following year, Stanisław was selected by Charles XII of Sweden after a successful Swedish invasion of Poland, to supersede Augustus II, who was hostile towards the Swedes. Leszczyński was a young man of blameless antecedents, respectable talents, and came from an ancient family, but certainly without sufficient force of character or political influence to sustain himself on so unstable a throne. Nevertheless, with the assistance of a bribing fund and an army corps, the Swedes succeeded in procuring his election by a scratch assembly of half a dozen castellans and a few score of noblemen on 12 July 1704. A few months later, Stanisław was forced by a sudden inroad of Augustus II to seek refuge in the Swedish camp, but finally on 24 September 1705, he was crowned king with great splendor. Charles himself supplied his nominee with a new crown and scepter in lieu of the ancient Polish regalia, which had been carried off to Saxony by August. During this time the King of Sweden sent Peter Estenberg to King Stanislaw to act as an ambassador and correspondence secretary. The Polish king's first act was to cement an alliance with Charles XII whereby the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth engaged to assist Sweden against the Russian tsar. Stanisław did what he could to assist his patron. Thus, he induced Ivan Mazepa, the Cossack hetman, to desert Peter the Great at the most critical period of the Great Northern War between Russia and Sweden, and Stanisław placed a small army corps at the disposal of the Swedes and was beaten in Battle of Koniecpol. However, Stanisław depended so entirely on the success of Charles' arms that after the Battle of Poltava (1709), his authority vanished as a dream at the first touch of reality. Stanisław then resided in the town of Rydzyna. First loss of throne The vast majority of Poles hastened to repudiate Stanisław and make their peace with August. Henceforth a mere pensioner of Charles XII, Stanisław accompanied Krassow's army corps in its retreat to Swedish Pomerania. On the restoration of Augustus, Stanisław resigned the Polish Crown (though he retained the royal title) in exchange for the little principality of Deux-Ponts (in German: Zweibrücken). In 1716, an assassination was attempted by a Saxon officer, Lacroix, but Stanisław was saved by Stanisław Poniatowski (father of the future king Stanisław II August). Forced to leave Deux-Ponts in 1719 after the death of Charles XII in whose name he was Count Palatine, Stanisław Leszczyński then resided at Wissembourg in Alsace. In 1725, he had the satisfaction of seeing his daughter Maria become queen consort of Louis XV of France. From 1725 to 1733, Stanisław lived at the Château de Chambord. King for a second time Stanislaw's son-in-law Louis XV supported his claims to the Polish throne after the death of August II the Strong in 1733, which led to the War of the Polish Succession. On 11 September 1733, Stanisław himself arrived at Warsaw, having traveled night and day through central Europe disguised as a coachman. On the following day, despite many protests, Stanisław was duly elected King of Poland for the second time. However, Russia was opposed to any nominee of France and Sweden. Russia protested against his election at once, in favor of the new Elector of Saxony, son of the late king, as being the candidate of her Austrian ally. On 30 June 1734, a Russian army of 20,000 under Peter Lacy, after proclaiming August III the Saxon as king in Warsaw, proceeded to besiege Stanisław at Danzig, where he was entrenched with his partisans (including the Primate and the French and Swedish ministers) to await the relief that had been promised by France. The siege began in October 1734. On 17 March 1735, Marshal Münnich superseded Peter Lacy, and on 20 May 1735 the long-expected French fleet appeared and disembarked 2,400 men on Westerplatte. A week later, this little army gallantly attempted to force the Russian entrenchments, but was finally compelled to surrender. This was the first time that France and Russia had met as foes in the field. On 30 June 1735, Danzig capitulated unconditionally, after sustaining a siege of 135 days which cost the Russians 8,000 men. Disguised as a peasant, Stanisław had contrived to escape two days before. He reappeared at Königsberg (where he briefly met the future King Frederick the Great of Prussia), whence he issued a manifesto to his partisans which resulted in the formation of a confederation on his behalf, and the despatch of a Polish envoy to Paris to urge France to invade Saxony with at least 40,000 men. In Ukraine too, Count Nicholas Potocki kept on foot to support Stanisław a motley host of 50,000 men, which was ultimately scattered by the Russians. Duke of Lorraine and of Bar On 26 January 1736, Stanisław again abdicated the throne but received in compensation the Duchies of Lorraine and of Bar, which was to revert to France on his death. In 1738, he sold his estates of Rydzyna and Leszno to Count (later Prince) Alexander Joseph Sułkowski. He settled at Lunéville where he held court at the Château de Lunéville, which became a centre of the arts and culture, drawing a number of personalities of the enlightenment including Madame Émilie du Châtelet. In Nancy in 1750 he founded both the Académie de Stanislas and Bibliothèque municipale de Nancy, and devoted himself for the rest of his life to science and philanthropy, engaging most notably in controversy with Rousseau. He also published Głos wolny wolność ubezpieczający, one of the most important political treatises of the Polish Enlightenment. His court painter was André Joly. Death Stanisław was still alive when his great-great-granddaughter, Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, was born in 1762. In his last years, his close friend, the Hungarian-born Marshal of France Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny lived on his estate to provide company. Leszczyński died aged 88 in 1766 as a result of serious burns – his silk attire caught fire from a spark while the King was asleep near the fireplace in his palace in Lunéville on 5 February. He was medically treated for several days but died of wounds on 23 February. He was the longest living Polish king. Originally buried in the Church of Notre-Dame-de-Bonsecours, Nancy, following the French Revolution his remains were brought back to Poland and buried in the royal tomb of the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków. Children Anna (25 May 1699 – 20 June 1717) died unmarried and childless. Maria (23 June 1703 – 24 June 1768) married Louis XV of France and had issue. His wife also suffered many miscarriages. Ancestry Play and opera Loosely based on an incident of King Stanisław's life are the play Le faux Stanislas written by the Frenchman Alexandre Vincent Pineu-Duval in 1808, transformed into the opera Un giorno di regno, ossia Il finto Stanislao (A One-Day Reign, or The Pretend Stanislaus, but often translated into English as King for a Day) by Giuseppe Verdi, to an Italian libretto written in 1818 by Felice Romani. Gallery Further reading Zieliński, Ryszard (1978). Polka na francuskim tronie. Czytelnik. Květina, Jan (2014). The Polish Question as a Political Issue within Philosophical Dispute: Leszczyński versus Rousseau. Oriens Aliter. Journal for Culture and History of the Central and Eastern Europe. (https://www.academia.edu/23935174/The_Polish_Question_as_a_Political_Issue_within_Philosophical_Dispute_Leszczy%C5%84ski_versus_Rousseau) See also History of Poland (1569–1795) History of philosophy in Poland List of Poles References External links \|- \|- 1677 births 1766 deaths 18th-century Polish monarchs Kings of Poland Grand Dukes of Lithuania Dukes of Lorraine Secular senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth People from Lviv Stanislaw 17th-century Polish nobility Polish people of the Great Northern War Polish–Lithuanian military personnel of the War of the Polish Succession Polish people of German descent Deaths from fire Burials at Wawel Cathedral 18th-century Polish–Lithuanian philosophers Burials in France
43248614	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen%20Harris	Owen Harris	Owen Harris (1837 – January 1905) was a Liberal politician and municipal leader in Aberdare, South Wales. Early life Harris was born in Llanddeusant, Carmarthenshire, but as a young man migrated to Ystalyfera in the Swansea Valley and later to Aberdare, where he opened a grocer's business in Harriet Street, Trecynon. At this time, Trecynon was a growing industrial community, and Harris was one of a number of enterprising tradesmen from rural Wales who established businesses in Harriet Street. By 1870 he was sufficiently well-established to be contributing 5/- to a testimonial for the minister at Heolyfelin Chapel (see below). In later years he established branches of his business at Mill Street and Llwydcoed, the former being managed by his son, Morgan J. Harris. Public life Harris was a prominent member of the Liberal Party in Aberdare but was regarded as Progressive in politics. In effect this meant that he supported closer links with the labour movement. His earliest known involvement was in 1879 when he was part of a deputation of tradesmen and working men who attended a meeting at Swansea to request Richard Fothergill, one of the two sitting members to offer himself once again as a candidate for the Merthyr Boroughs. Fothergill eventually declined the invitation. Leaders of the Baptist denomination in the Aberdare Valley, most notably Thomas Price, had been instrumental in securing Fothergill's election for Merthyr Boroughs, alongside Henry Richard in 1868. It is, therefore, significant that Harris, as a prominent Baptist as well as a tradesman, was a member of the deputation. The following year, Harris was elected as a representative of the North Ward of Aberdare on the Merthyr Tydfil Board of Guardians. The following year, four candidates were again nominated for the three seats. It was agreed that lots would be drawn to determine who should serve as guardians and Harris was one of those successful. From this time onwards Harris was involved in the municipal life of Aberdare and served on several public bodies including the Aberdare School Board and the Merthyr Tydfil Board of Guardians. In 1886, he was elected to the Aberdare Local Board of Health. He was re-elected in 1889, defeating two colliery managers. In 1892, there were rumours, immediately denied by Harris' supporters that he intended to contest the Hirwaun ward in the county council election against the sitting member, Rev Richard Morgan. When the Local Board was merged into the Aberdare Urban District Council in 1894, he was returned as a member for Llwydcoed. He was re-elected unopposed in 1896, 1899 and 1902. Upon his death, his son was elected in his place. Religious affiliation Harris was originally a Calvinistic Methodist, but at Aberdare he became a Baptist. He was a deacon and a prominent figure at Heolyfelin Baptist Church, Trecynon, served as chairman of the East Glamorgan Baptist Association. Death Harris died in January 1905 and fulsome tributes were paid by fellow members of the Aberdare District Council. He was buried at the Aberdare Cemetery and a large number of mainly Baptist ministers and laymen took part in the proceedings, including Edward Thomas (Cochfarf). Harris left over £8,000 in his will. most of which was inherited by his son, Morgan and, in addition he owned at least seven houses in Trecynon. At the Trecynon Eisteddfod in 1907, a prize was offered for verses in memory of Harris and the prize was awarded by Harris's fellow Liberal, Griffith George (Gruffydd Dyfed) to the only competitor. References Bibliography Councillors in Wales Liberal Party (UK) politicians People from Aberdare 1837 births 1905 deaths 19th-century Welsh politicians
7968582	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%8A%20%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2	جون بيي هولمز	جون بيي هولمز هو سياسي أمريكي، ولد في 1760، وتوفي في 5 سبتمبر 1827. انتخب . مراجع أشخاص من كارولاينا الجنوبية في الثورة الأمريكية أعضاء مجلس شيوخ ولاية كارولاينا الجنوبية أعضاء مجلس نواب ولاية كارولاينا الجنوبية عمدات تشارلستون (كارولينا الجنوبية) مواليد 1760 وفيات 1827
6030019	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1	جان تورنر	جان تورنر هي كاتبة سيناريو ومخرجة جنوب أفريقية، ولدت في 1964. مراجع وصلات خارجية جنوب إفريقيون بيض خريجو جامعة أوكسفورد خريجو مدرسة تيش العليا للفنون روائيات جنوب إفريقيات كاتبات سيناريو أمريكيات كتاب سيناريو جنوب إفريقيون كتاب سيناريو من كاليفورنيا كتاب من كيب تاون كتاب من لوس أنجلوس مخرجات تلفزيون مخرجو أفلام جنوب إفريقيون جنوب إفريقيون مهاجرون إلى الولايات المتحدة مواليد 1964
6668411	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%20%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3	تيودورو روجاس	تيودورو روجاس هو عالم نبات باراغواياني، ولد في 23 سبتمبر 1877 في أسونسيون في باراغواي، وتوفي بنفس المكان في 3 سبتمبر 1954. مراجع أشخاص من أسونسيون مواليد 1877 وفيات 1954 علماء نباتات بارغوايانيون
1532026	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercom	Intercom	Intercom An intercom, also called an intercommunication device, intercommunicator, or interphone, is a stand-alone voice communications system for use within a building, small collection of buildings or portably within a small coverage area, which functions independently of the public telephone network. Intercoms are generally mounted permanently in buildings and vehicles, but can also be detachable and portable. Intercoms can incorporate connections to public address loudspeaker systems, walkie talkies, telephones, and other intercom systems. Some intercom systems incorporate control of devices such as signal lights and door latches. Intercoms are used on a wide variety of properties; from houses that only require one connection between a resident and the property's entrance to multi-unit apartments that require intercom hardware to be installed in every individual apartment. Some are equipped with video and its wiring (electrical installation) can be connected to the outside with a few pairs (4-6 pairs) while controlling an electric strike. The latest generations are even compatible with computers and some models include TCP/IP compatibility. Permanent systems Traditional intercoms and public address systems are composed entirely of analogue electronics components but many new features and interfacing options can be accomplished with new intercom systems based on digital connections. Video signals can be carried as well as voice. Digital intercom stations can be connected using Cat 5 cable and can even use existing computer networks as a means of interfacing distant parties. Intercom cameras can be used in modern offices and hotels. Many schools and office buildings now use audio / video systems to identify visitors trying to gain access to a locked building and can be interfaced with the building's access control system. Besides fixed locations, intercom systems are used on many types of vehicles including trains, watercraft, aircraft and armoured fighting vehicles. Portable systems Portable intercoms are commonly used by special event production crews and professional sports teams. Performing arts venues such as theaters and concert halls often have a combination of permanently mounted and portable intercom elements. Motorsports race tracks often have both portable and permanent intercom stations mounted at critical points around the racecourse for use by race officials and emergency medical technicians. Portable intercoms are also used for motorcycle communication, for example between motorcyclist and passenger, bike-to-bike communication or communication within a pack of riders. Intercom mounting systems can be attached to most motorcycle helmets. Several different types of technologies can be used, including various types of citizens band radio like for example PMR446, Bluetooth, or dynamic mesh communication (DMC) which is a mesh based intercom system developed for motorcycle communication. Basic intercom system terms Intercom installers, suppliers, and manufacturers often use the following terms to refer to intercom components. Master station or base station: These units control the whole system. Master stations initiate calls to substations and can be configured to make announcements that are transmitted over the entire intercom system. Substation: Units that initiate calls with a master station, but are not capable of initiating calls with any other stations. Substations are also known as slave units. Door station: Like substations, door stations are only capable of initiating a call to a master station. They are typically weather-proof. Intercom station: A full-featured remote unit that is capable of initiating and receiving party-line conversation, individual conversations, and signalling. May be rack-mounted, wall-mounted or portable. Wall mount station: Fixed-position intercom station with built-in loudspeaker. May have flush-mounted microphone, hand-held push to talk microphone or telephone-style handset. Belt pack: Portable intercom station worn on the belt such as an interruptible feedback (IFB) with an earpiece worn by talent. Handset: Permanent or portable telephone-style connection to an intercom station. Holds both an earpiece and a push to talk microphone. Headset: Portable intercom connection from a belt pack to one or both ears via headphones with integrated microphone on a boom arm. Connects to a belt pack. Paging signal: An audible and/or visual alert at an intercom station, indicating that someone at another station wants to initiate a conversation. Power supply: Used to feed power to all units. Often incorporated into the design of the base station. Telephonic: Intercom systems that utilize a transmitter (talk) and receiver (listen) to communicate, similar to standard telephone systems. Amplified: Intercom systems that utilize a single speaker to transmit and receive communications. Amplifier: An intercom system's main or central component, responsible for switching or connecting communication paths between master and substations. In addition, amplifiers distribute or switch power to auxiliary connected devices, such as door strikes, to allow entry. Wiring intercoms While every intercom product line is different, most analogue intercom systems have much in common. Voice signals of about a volt or two are carried atop a direct current power rail of 12, 30 or 48 volts which uses a pair of conductors. Signal light indications between stations can be accomplished through the use of additional conductors or can be carried on the main voice pair via tone frequencies sent above or below the speech frequency range. Multiple channels of simultaneous conversations can be carried over additional conductors within a cable or by frequency- or time-division multiplexing in the analogue domain. Multiple channels can easily be carried by packet-switched digital intercom signals. Portable intercoms are connected primarily using common shielded, twisted pair microphone cabling terminated with 3-pin XLR connectors. Building and vehicle intercoms are connected in a similar manner with shielded cabling often containing more than one twisted pair. Digital intercoms use Category 5 cable and relay information back and forth in data packets using the Internet protocol suite. Two-wire broadcast intercoms Intercom systems are widely used in TV stations and outside broadcast vehicles such as those seen at sporting events or entertainment venues. There are essentially two different types of intercoms used in the television world: two-wire party line or four-wire matrix systems. In the beginning, TV stations would simply build their own communication systems using old phone equipment. However, today there are several manufacturers offering off-the-shelf systems. From the late 1970s until the mid-90s, the two-wire party line-type systems were the most popular, primarily due to the technology that was available at the time. The two-channel variety used a 32-volt impedance-generating central power supply to drive external stations or belt packs. This type of format allowed the two channels to operate in standard microphone cable, a feature highly desired by the broadcasters. These systems were very robust and simple to design, maintain and operate but had limited capacity and flexibility as they were usually hardwired. A typical user on the system could not choose whom to talk to. He would communicate with the same person or group of people until the system was manually reconfigured to allow communication with a different group of people. Two-wire routers or source assignment panels were then implemented to allow quick re-routing. This reconfiguration was usually handled at a central location, but because voltage is used on the circuit to power the external user stations as well as communicate, there would usually be a pop when the channels were switched. So while one could change the system on-the-fly, it was usually not desirable to do so in the middle of a production, as the popping noise would distract the rest of the television crew. Four-wire broadcast intercoms In the mid-90s four-wire technology started gaining more prominence due to the technology getting cheaper and smaller. Four-wire circuit technology had been around for quite some time but was very expensive to implement. It usually required a large footprint in the physical television studio, thus was only used at very large television stations or television networks. Wireless intercoms For installations where it is not desirable or possible to run wires to support an intercom system, wireless intercom systems are available. There are two major benefits of a wireless intercom system over the traditional wired intercom. The first is that installation is much easier since no wires have to be run between intercom units. The second is that you can easily move the units at any time. With that convenience and ease of installation comes a risk of interference from other wireless and electrical devices. Nearby wireless devices such as cordless telephones, wireless data networks, and remote audio speakers, as well as structural features in your building, can all interfere. Electrical devices such as motors, lighting fixtures and transformers can cause noise. There may be concerns about privacy since conversations may be picked up on a scanner, baby monitor, cordless phone, or a similar device on the same frequency. Encrypted wireless intercoms can reduce or eliminate privacy risks, while placement, installation, construction, grounding and shielding methods can reduce or eliminate the detrimental effects of external interference. The United States and Canada have several frequency ranges for wireless intercom systems and other wireless products. They are 49 MHz, FM band (200–270 kHz), 494–608 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz, and MURS (150 MHz). IP Intercoms are now appearing that connect a Master to an IP Substation elsewhere on the Internet, via an Ethernet port. Wireless intercoms can also run over a mesh network that allows near-instant communication throughout a house. Power line communication units that send signal over house wiring have been referred to as "wireless" intercoms. Though they are technically wired intercoms, they are based on existing wiring and thus require no additional wires. Telephone intercoms Some telephones include intercom functions that enable paging and conversation between instruments of similar make and model. Examples include Panasonic model KX-TS3282W(/B), AT&T models 945 and 974, and TMC model ET4300. A single device can add intercom functionality to multiple standard telephones on a common phone line, even of different makes and models. Installation effort is minimal, and is not vulnerable to the radio interference and security issues of wireless systems. The Add-A-Com Whole House Intercom for Standard Telephone Systems is such a device. Intercom paging is accomplished by sounding a distinctive ring from all telephones after any phone is taken briefly off hook. After paging, any number of phones may converse. The device temporarily disconnects the external phone line during intercom use, and reconnects when all phones are again on hook. During intercom use, an external call’s ringing signal can be heard in the earpiece. Many key telephone systems for office use provide access to multiple outside lines plus an intercom, where the latter appeared as if it were one of the individually-selectable lines. The Western Electric Model 207 and Model 6A intercoms were designed for integration into such key system multiline installations, providing one or two simultaneous intercom calls respectively. See also Courtesy telephone, a telephone for relaying messages to a specific person after being notified via a public address system, or for customers to seek information Door phone, electronic device for communication with someone outside a building Video door-phone, audiovisual communication device enabling visual identification of a visitor Public address system, a system for distributing the voice of an announcer over a large area Speaking tube, an air pipe through which speech can be transmitted over an extended distance Tank phone, similar device used in Tanks and Armoured vehicles Telemetry, remote collection of data for monitoring Voice chat in online gaming References External links List of mobile video intercoms Telecommunications equipment
8644983	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%B7%20%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7-5	مثبط مختزلة الألفا-5	مثبط مختزلة الألفا-5 ، والمعروف أيضًا باسم حاصر ديهدروتستوستيرون ، هي فئة من الأدوية ذات التأثيرات المضادة للأندروجين والتي تستخدم بشكل أساسي في علاج تضخم البروستات الحميد وتساقط شعر فروة الرأس. كما أنها تستخدم أحيانًا لعلاج زيادة نمو الشعر لدى النساء وكأحد مكونات العلاج الهرموني للنساء المتحولات جنسيًا. تثبط هذه العوامل إنزيم مختزلة الألفا-5، الذي يشارك في التحولات الأيضية لمجموعة متنوعة من المنشطات الذاتية. تشتهر بمنع تحول هرمون التستوستيرون، وهو هرمون الأندروجين الرئيسي، إلى ديهدروتستوستيرون الأندروجين الأكثر فاعلية، في بعض الاضطرابات المرتبطة بالأندروجين. مراجع إزالة الشعر مضادات الأندروجين
67512258	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey%20Makarenko	Andrey Makarenko	Andrey Makarenko (born 16 March 2002) is a Belarusian professional footballer who plays for Shakhtyor Soligorsk. Honors Shakhtyor Soligorsk Belarusian Premier League: 2021 Belarusian Super Cup: 2023 References External links 2002 births Living people People from Vietka District Footballers from Gomel Region Belarusian men's footballers Men's association football defenders FC Shakhtyor Soligorsk players FC Shakhtyor Petrikov players
3646409	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%20%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88	باتريك موتومبو	باتريك موتومبو مواليد 7 مارس 1980 في كينشاسا، هو مدرب كرة سلة بلجيكي ولاعب سابق. بدأ مسيرته الاحترافية في سنة 2003. يدرب تورونتو رابتورز في الرابطة الوطنية لكرة السلة. يبلغ طوله . اعتزل اللعب في 2010. المسيرة الاحترافية لعب مع روزيتو شاركز في الدوري الإيطالي في موسم 2004–2005، ثم لعب مع إس إس فليتشي سكاندون في موسم 2005–2006، ثم لعب مع أماتوري أوديني في موسم 2006–2007، ثم لعب مع نادي فيرارا لكرة السلة في الدوري الإيطالي في سنة 2008. روابط خارجية مراجع أشخاص على قيد الحياة بلجيكيون من أصل كونغولي ديمقراطي رياضيون من كينشاسا لاعب الهجوم صغير الجسم (كرة السلة) لاعبو كرة سلة بلجيكيون مدربو كرة سلة بلجيكيون مواليد 1980 مواليد في كينشاسا أعلام كرة سلة بلجيكيون مغتربون في الولايات المتحدة مدربو أوستين سبيرز لاعبو كرة سلة رجالية كونغوليون ديمقراطيون مدربو كرة سلة كونغوليون ديمقراطيون لاعبو كرة سلة من كينشاسا
6402010	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%289061%29%201992%20WC3	(9061) 1992 WC3	(9061) 1992 WC3 1992 دابليو سي 3 (ويعرف أيضًا باسم (9061) 1992 دابليو سي 3 وفق تسمية الكوكب الصغير) هو كويكب ضمن حزام الكويكبات؛ وترتيبه 9061 من حيث الاكتشاف. اكتُشف هذا الجُرم الفلكي بواسطة في 18 نوفمبر 1992. انظر أيضًا قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة مراجع وصلات خارجية أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 1992 قوائم الكواكب الصغيرة حسب الرقم كواكب صغيرة مسماة كويكبات فلورا
9292894	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%20%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1	نبيل عمار	نبيل عمار نبيل عمّار ولد في 7 سبتمبر 1965 في تونس العاصمة ، هو دبلوماسي وسياسي تونسي ، تولى عديد المناصب الدبلوماسية في تونس كان منها منصب سفير لتونس لدي بلجيكا والمملكة المتحدة . قرر الرئيس قيس سعيد في 7 فبراير 2023 تعيينه في منصب وزير الشؤون الخارجية و الهجرة و التونسيين بالخارج خلفا لعثمان الجرندي . السيرة الذاتية نبيل عمّار هو نجل عبد الحميد عمار السفير السابق و القيادي في الحزب الاشتراكي الدستوري الحزب الحاكم سابقا والمدير بوزارة الشباب والرياضة و شقيق كل من الحبيب عمار وزير السياحة الاسبق والمصرفي خليل عمار . نبيل عمار خريج في الاقتصاد والإدارة من جامعة بانتيون سوربون والمدرسة الوطنية للإدارة في تونس ومعهد الدفاع الوطني . في عام 1991 ، التحق بوزارة الخارجية ثم عمل في وزارة التعاون الدولي والاستثمارات الخارجية من عام 1992 إلى عام 1995 . في عام 1998 ، أصبح وزيرًا مفوضًا في السفارة التونسية في النمسا ونائبًا للمندوب الدائم لتونس لدى الأمم المتحدة في فيينا . بعد عودته إلى تونس عام 2000 ، تولى مسؤوليات مختلفة في الوزارة ، قبل أن يصبح وزيراً مفوضاً في السفارة التونسية في إيطاليا ونائباً للمندوب الدائم لدى منظمة الأغذية والزراعة التابعة للامم المتحدة . بعد عامين ، أصبح قائماً بالأعمال ، ورئيساً للبعثة التونسية في النرويج ، ثم مستشاراً للوزير في 2011. وبقي في الوزارة حتى ديسمبر 2012 وتعيينه سفيراً لدى المملكة المتحدة [1]. خلال فترة ولايته التي انتهت في عام 2017 ، واجه أزمة هجوم سوسة الذي أودى بحياة 30 سائحًا بريطانيًا في عام 2015 . في العام نفسه كان إعلان منح لجنة الرباعي الراعي للحوار الوطني جائزة نوبل للسلام . في عام 2019 التحق بالمديرية العامة للاتحاد الأوروبي التابعة لوزارة الخارجية . قبيل توليه منصبه كوزير ، عمل سفيرا لتونس لدى الاتحاد الأوروبي وبلجيكا في بروكسل . تعيينه وزيرا الخارجية قرر الرئيس قيس سعيد اعفاء عثمان الجرندي من منصبه نتيجة السياسة الدبلوماسية الفاشلة التي إتبعها و خاصة عدم قدرته على تدعيم وجهة النظر التونسية في الخارج بعد قرارات 25 يوليو الرئاسية ، لذلك فقد بحث الرئيس سعيد عن شخصية دبلوماسية ذات كفاءة و خبرة لهذا المنصب و هو أكده تعيينه لنبيل عمّار في منصب وزير الخارجية في 7 فبراير 2023 من خلال حاجة الدبلوماسية التونسية إلى شخصية سياسية لديها شبكة علاقات واسعة من شأنها أن تحسّن تواصل تونس مع محيطيها الإقليمي والعالمي، وتجاوز مرحلة الجمود القائمة في العلاقات بملفات ساخنة على غرار أزمة الهجرة غير النظامية، وامتصاص الضغوط الخارجية المسلطة من الولايات المتحدة والاتحاد الأوروبي الحلفاء التقليديين للبلاد بخصوص الوضع السياسي والاقتصادي في تونس بعد قرارات 25 يوليو 2021 . حياته الخاصة نبيل عمّار متزوج و اب لبنتين . مراجع
5438605	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20C%C3%B4t%C3%A9%20%28fighter%29	Patrick Côté (fighter)	Patrick Côté (fighter) Patrick Côté (born February 29, 1980) is a retired Canadian professional mixed martial artist. A professional from 2002 until 2017, Côté is perhaps best known for his 21-bout career in the UFC, and was a finalist on season four of The Ultimate Fighter. Background Côté was born in Rimouski, Québec, Canada, on February 29, 1980. Côté started his martial arts training in the Canadian Army at around age of 16, where he took up boxing and subsequently added muay thai, kickboxing and wrestling to his repertoire. Côté served in the army until 2005, when he started training full-time. He also studied Brazilian Jiu Jitsu under Fabio Holanda at BTT Canada. Côté also studies Muay Thai with renowned coach Mark DellaGrotte, a former coach on The Ultimate Fighter 4. He also maintains ties with Team Legion. Mixed martial arts career Ultimate Fighting Championship Côté made his UFC debut at UFC 50, on October 22, 2004 against Tito Ortiz. Côté accepted the fight on just four days' notice when Lion's Den veteran Guy Mezger pulled out of the main event due to an injury. He said to Ortiz before the fight that, if he thought Chuck Liddell hit hard, he hit harder. Côté lost via unanimous decision; however, he impressed UFC officials by not being submitted or knocked out by Ortiz and displaying toughness and willingness to take the fight on short notice. Côté returned to the octagon in 2005 losing his next two fights to Joe Doerksen and Chris Leben. In 2006, Côté was a contestant on The Ultimate Fighter: The Comeback, defeating Jorge Rivera and Edwin Dewees in exhibition matches. He advanced to the finale, where he lost by first round submission to Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu fighter Travis Lutter at The Ultimate Fighter 4 Finale in a non-exhibition match. This loss brought Côté's official UFC record to 0–4. Three months later Côté earned his first win in the UFC at UFC 67, defeating TUF4 teammate Scott Smith by unanimous decision. In August 2007, he defeated TUF3 winner Kendall Grove at UFC 74 via TKO in the first round. Côté then fought Drew McFedries at UFC Fight Night, winning in the first round via TKO after catching McFedries with a counter punch. Côté extended his UFC win streak to four fights at UFC 86 by defeating Ricardo Almeida via split decision, also earning him a title shot. Côté faced UFC Middleweight Champion Anderson Silva on October 25, 2008 at UFC 90, the UFC's first event in Illinois. Silva won the first 2 rounds but Côté proved how good his chin was by taking a roundhouse kick and flying knee right on the button without getting rocked in the very first round. In the third round, Côté's movement inside the octagon caused too much pressure on the back of his right leg (which he was using to move forward) and an injury caused him to fall to the mat grasping his right knee in pain. Referee Herb Dean declared the fight over when Côté could not continue, ruling the bout a TKO victory for Silva. Côté, however, became the first of Silva's UFC opponents to make it into the third round. On January 25, 2009, while taking time off for his surgically repaired knee, Patrick said during an interview with MMA Mania that if he gets a rematch with Anderson Silva he is confident that he will beat him. He also indicated in a July 2009 interview with Rogers Sportsnet's MMA Connected television program that he would like to fight Michael Bisping, assuming that Bisping lost to Dan Henderson. Côté returned from his injury after nearly a year and a half off at UFC 113. In the second round Côté was submitted via rear naked choke by Alan Belcher after being slammed on his head. Côté complained after the loss that he had been illegally spiked onto the canvas, but the referee ruled that Côté had landed on his face, not his head. Côté faced Tom Lawlor on October 23, 2010 at UFC 121. Out-wrestled by his opponent for all three rounds, Côté lost the fight by unanimous decision with 30–27 scores on all three judges' cards. After the loss to Lawlor and with a record of 4-7 in the UFC, Côté was released from the promotion. Independent promotions On January 18, 2011, Côté confirmed via Twitter that he had signed a contract with Montreal's Ringside MMA promotion to fight at an upcoming card to be held at Montreal's Bell Centre. He faced fellow UFC veteran Kalib Starnes and won the fight via unanimous decision. On June 4, 2011, Côté faced fellow UFC veteran Todd Brown. The day before, Brown and Côté were in a heated confrontation when Brown shoved Cote during the weigh-ins and Cote slapped Brown across the face afterwards. Côté won the fight by unanimous decision. On October 7, 2011, Côté faced muay thai specialist Crafton Wallace at Instinct MMA 1 in Boisbriand, Quebec, Canada. Côté won the fight via TKO after Wallace injured his leg by stuffing a takedown. Côté next fought on March 31, 2012 at AFC 2 against Gracie trained BJJ black belt Gustavo Machado in Brazil. Côté won via KO in the first round. Return to UFC Côté returned to the UFC stepping in as a replacement for Rich Franklin against Cung Le on July 7, 2012 at UFC 148. Côté was defeated via unanimous decision. Côté next fought Alessio Sakara on November 17, 2012 at UFC 154. He won the fight via disqualification after being punched in the back of the head multiple times. A rematch was briefly linked with Sakara for March 16, 2013 at UFC 158. However, Sakara was forced out of the bout with a kidney illness. On December 18, 2012, it was announced that Côté was dropping down to the welterweight division. Côté faced promotional newcomer Bobby Voelker on March 16, 2013 at UFC 158. He was successful in his welterweight debut, winning the back-and-forth fight via unanimous decision. On June 14, 2013, it was announced that Côté would be coaching The Ultimate Fighter Nations: Canada vs. Australia, opposite Kyle Noke. The reality show features welterweights and middleweights. The coaches faced each other on April 16, 2014 at The Ultimate Fighter Nations Finale. Côté won the fight by unanimous decision. Côté faced Stephen Thompson on September 27, 2014 at UFC 178. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. Côté faced Joe Riggs at UFC 186 on April 25, 2015. He won the back-and-forth fight by unanimous decision. Côté faced Josh Burkman on August 23, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 74. He won the back and forth fight via TKO in the third round and both participants were awarded Fight of the Night honors. Côté became the first person to beat Burkman by TKO. Côté faced Ben Saunders on January 17, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 81. He won the fight via TKO in the second round. Côté next faced Donald Cerrone on June 18, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 89. He lost the fight via TKO in the third round. Côté faced Thiago Alves on April 8, 2017 at UFC 210. He lost the fight via unanimous decision and subsequently announced his retirement from the sport. Championships and accomplishments Maximum Fighting Championship MFC Middleweight Championship (One time) Ultimate Fighting Championship Fight of the Night (One Time) vs. Josh Burkman Knockout of the Night (Two times) vs. Kendall Grove and Drew McFedries The Ultimate Fighter 4 (Finalist) MMAJunkie.com 2015 August Fight of the Month vs. Josh Burkman Mixed martial arts record \|- \|Loss \|align=center\|23–11 \|Thiago Alves \|Decision (unanimous) \|UFC 210 \| \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|5:00 \|Buffalo, New York, United States \| \|- \|Loss \|align=center\|23–10 \|Donald Cerrone \|TKO (punches) \|UFC Fight Night: MacDonald vs. Thompson \| \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|2:35 \|Ottawa, Ontario, Canada \| \|- \|Win \|align=center\|23–9 \|Ben Saunders \|TKO (punches) \|UFC Fight Night: Dillashaw vs. Cruz \| \|align=center\|2 \|align=center\|1:14 \|Boston, Massachusetts, United States \| \|- \|Win \|align=center\|22–9 \|Josh Burkman \|TKO (punches) \|UFC Fight Night: Holloway vs. Oliveira \| \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|1:26 \|Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada \| \|- \|Win \|align=center\| 21–9 \|Joe Riggs \|Decision (unanimous) \|UFC 186 \| \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|5:00 \|Montreal, Quebec, Canada \| \|- \| Loss \| align=center\| 20–9 \| Stephen Thompson \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC 178 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 20–8 \| Kyle Noke \| Decision (unanimous) \| The Ultimate Fighter Nations Finale: Bisping vs. Kennedy \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Quebec City, Quebec, Canada \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 19–8 \| Bobby Voelker \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC 158 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Montreal, Quebec, Canada \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 18–8 \| Alessio Sakara \| DQ (punches to back of head) \| UFC 154 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 1:26 \| Montreal, Quebec, Canada \| \|- \| Loss \| align=center\| 17–8 \| Cung Le \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC 148 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 17–7 \| Gustavo Machado \| KO (punches) \| Amazon Forest Combat 2 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 2:44 \| Manaus, Brazil \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 16–7 \| Crafton Wallace \| TKO (knee injury) \| Instinct MMA 1 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 1:36 \| Boisbriand, Quebec, Canada \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 15–7 \| Todd Brown \| Decision (unanimous) \| Ringside MMA 11 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Quebec City, Quebec, Canada \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 14–7 \| Kalib Starnes \| Decision (unanimous) \| Ringside MMA 10 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Montreal, Quebec, Canada \| \|- \| Loss \| align=center\| 13–7 \| Tom Lawlor \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC 121 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Anaheim, California, United States \| \|- \| Loss \| align=center\| 13–6 \| Alan Belcher \| Submission (rear-naked choke) \| UFC 113 \| \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 3:25 \| Montreal, Quebec, Canada \| \|- \| Loss \| align=center\| 13–5 \| Anderson Silva \| TKO (knee injury) \| UFC 90 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 0:39 \| Rosemont, Illinois, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 13–4 \| Ricardo Almeida \| Decision (split) \| UFC 86 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 12–4 \| Drew McFedries \| TKO (punches) \| UFC Fight Night: Swick vs. Burkman \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 1:44 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 11–4 \| Kendall Grove \| TKO (punches) \| UFC 74 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 4:45 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 10–4 \| Jason Day \| TKO (punches) \| TKO 29 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 4:05 \| Montreal, Quebec, Canada \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 9–4 \| Scott Smith \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC 67 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Loss \| align=center\| 8–4 \| Travis Lutter \| Submission (armbar) \| The Ultimate Fighter: The Comeback Finale \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 2:18 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 8–3 \| Jason MacDonald \| Submission (rear-naked choke) \| MFC 9: No Excuses \| \| align=center\| 5 \| align=center\| 3:35 \| Edmonton, Alberta, Canada \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 7–3 \| Bill Mahood \| Submission (guillotine choke) \| KOTC \| \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 2:42 \| Prince George, British Columbia, Canada \| \|- \| Loss \| align=center\| 6–3 \| Chris Leben \| Decision (split) \| UFC Ultimate Fight Night \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Loss \| align=center\| 6–2 \| Joe Doerksen \| Submission (rear-naked choke) \| UFC 52 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 2:35 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 6–1 \| Ricardeau Francois \| Decision (split) \| TKO 19 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Montreal, Quebec, Canada \| \|- \| Loss \| align=center\| 5–1 \| Tito Ortiz \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC 50 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 5–0 \| Bill Mahood \| KO (punch) \| TKO 16 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 0:21 \| Quebec City, Quebec, Canada \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 4–0 \| Steve Vigneault \| KO (punch) \| TKO 14 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 1:08 \| Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 3–0 \| Yan Pellerin \| Decision (unanimous) \| TKO 13 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Montreal, Quebec, Canada \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 2–0 \| Glenn Murdoch \| TKO (punches) \| UCC Proving Ground 9 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 1–0 \| Pascal Gosselin \| Submission (rear-naked choke) \| UCC Proving Ground 8 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 1:18 \| Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada \| Exhibition record \| Win \| align=center\| 2–0 \| Edwin Dewees \| Decision (unanimous) \| The Ultimate Fighter 4 \| (airdate) \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 1–0 \| Jorge Rivera \| Decision (unanimous) \| The Ultimate Fighter 4 \| (airdate) \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| Professional boxing record {\|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%" \|- ! !Result !Record !Opponent !Method !Round, time !Date !Location !Notes \|- \|1 \|Loss \|0–1 \|style="text-align:left;"\| Stephane Tessier \| \|4 \|October 1, 2005 \|align=left\| \| See also List of male mixed martial artists List of mixed martial artists with professional boxing records List of Canadian UFC fighters References External links 1980 births Living people Canadian Muay Thai practitioners Canadian practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu Canadian male judoka Canadian male mixed martial artists Middleweight mixed martial artists Mixed martial artists utilizing boxing Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu Mixed martial artists utilizing Muay Thai Mixed martial artists utilizing judo Mixed martial artists utilizing wrestling French Quebecers People from Rimouski Sportspeople from Quebec Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters
3467856	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%20%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9	دوري أمريكا الجنوبية لكرة السلة	دوري أمريكا الجنوبية لكرة السلة هو دوري كرة سلة احترافي في أمريكا الجنوبية تأسس في سنة 1996. يلعب فيه 16 فريقا. يعتبر أسوسيان ديبورتيفا أتيناس هو الأكثر فوزا به وذلك برصيد 3 بطولات. انظر أيضا كأس أمريكا الجنوبية لكرة السلة للأندية دوري الأمريكتين لكرة السلة مراجع وصلات خارجية دوري أمريكا الجنوبية لكرة السلة بطولات دولية لكرة السلة للأندية تأسيسات سنة 1996 في أمريكا الجنوبية دوريات كرة سلة في أمريكا الجنوبية
1309662	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earle%20Wheeler	Earle Wheeler	Earle Wheeler Earle Gilmore Wheeler (January 13, 1908 – December 18, 1975), nicknamed Bus, was a United States Army general who served as the chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1962 to 1964 and then as the sixth chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1964–1970), holding the latter position during the Vietnam War. Early life and education Earle Gilmore Wheeler was born in Washington, D.C., on January 13, 1908, to Dock Stone and Ida Gilmore. He was later adopted by Ida's second husband. Wheeler began his military career in 1924, at the age of 16, as a private in Company E, 121st Engineers, District of Columbia National Guard. He was promoted to sergeant in 1926, then, in 1928, was honorably discharged in order to enroll at the United States Military Academy. He graduated from the Academy in 1932 and was commissioned into the infantry. After graduation he married Frances "Betty" Rogers Howell, whom he met at a society party in 1930. He served in the 29th Infantry Regiment from 1932 to 1936, then attended Infantry School in 1937. He served with the 15th Infantry Regiment, from 1937 to 1940, stationed in China from 1937 to 1938. Career From 1940 to 1941, Wheeler was a mathematics instructor at West Point. Rising from battalion commander to more senior roles, he trained the newly activated 36th and 99th Infantry Divisions from 1941 to 1944, then went to Europe in November 1944 as chief of staff of the newly formed 63rd Infantry Division. Wheeler served in senior staff positions in a variety of specialties, including supply, intelligence, planning, and armor. In late 1945, Wheeler returned to the U.S. as an artillery instructor at Fort Sill, then returned to Germany from 1947 to 1949 as a staff officer of the United States Constabulary (formerly VI Corps), occupying Germany. He attended the National War College in 1950. He then returned to Europe as a staff officer in NATO, in a series of roles. In 1951–52 he commanded the 351st Infantry Regiment, which controlled the Free Territory of Trieste, a front-line position of the Cold War. In 1955, Wheeler joined the General Staff at The Pentagon. In 1958 he took command of the 2nd Armored Division. In 1959, he took command of III Corps. He became Director of the Joint Staff in 1960. In 1962 he was briefly Deputy Commander of U.S. Forces in Europe before being named Chief of Staff of the United States Army later that year. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Wheeler Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in July 1964 to succeed General Maxwell Taylor. Wheeler's tenure as the nation's top military officer spanned the height of America's involvement in the Vietnam War. Wheeler's accession to the top job in the U.S. military, over the heads of officers with more combat experience, drew some criticism. Then Air Force Chief of Staff, General Curtis LeMay, called him "Polly Parrot" and said he was awarded a medal for "fighting the Battle of Fort Benning", an army post in Georgia where Wheeler served during much of World War II. Wheeler oversaw and supported the expanding U.S. military role in the Vietnam War in the mid-1960s, consistently backing the field commander's requests for additional troops and operating authority. He often urged President Johnson to strike harder at North Vietnam and to expand aerial bombing campaigns. Wheeler was concerned with minimizing costs to U.S. ground troops. At the same time, he preferred what he saw as a realistic assessment of the capabilities of the South Vietnamese military. This earned him a reputation as a "hawk." Wheeler, with General William C. Westmoreland, the field commander, and President Johnson, pushed to raise additional American forces after the February 1968 Tet Offensive. American media at the time widely reported the Tet Offensive as Viet Cong victory. This followed a widely noted news report in 1967 that cited an unnamed American general (later identified as General Frederick C. Weyand) who called the situation in Vietnam a "stalemate." It was a view with which Wheeler agreed in more confidential circles. However, Wheeler was concerned that the American buildup in Vietnam depleted U.S. military capabilities in other parts of the world. He called for 205,000 additional ground troops, to be gained by mobilizing reserves, but intended these remain in the US as an active reserve. The president decided this was not easily accomplished. Together with the Tet Offensive and shifts in American public opinion, this abortive effort contributed to President Johnson's ultimate decision to de-escalate the war. After the election of President Richard M. Nixon, Wheeler oversaw the implementation of the "Vietnamization" program, whereby South Vietnamese forces assumed increasing responsibility for the war as American forces were withdrawn. Wheeler retired from the U.S. Army in July 1970. Wheeler was the longest-serving Chairman of the Joint Chiefs to date, serving six years. Upon his retirement, he was awarded the Defense Distinguished Service Medal and was the first recipient of that decoration. Death Wheeler died in Frederick, Maryland, after a heart attack on December 18, 1975. Dates of rank * postwar reduction Decorations and medals References External links ANC Explorer United States Army Chiefs of Staff United States Military Academy alumni Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army) Recipients of the Legion of Merit Recipients of the Legion of Honour Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France) United States Army personnel of World War II Burials at Arlington National Cemetery 1908 births 1975 deaths United States Army Infantry Branch personnel United States Army Corps of Engineers personnel Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War American adoptees Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal Military personnel from Washington, D.C.
8892877	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiatori	Radiatori	Radiatori are small, squat pasta shapes that are said to resemble radiators. Although it is rumored that they were created in the 1960s by an industrial designer, their invention was actually between the First and Second World War. They are often used in similar dishes as rotelle or fusilli, because their shape works well with thicker sauces. They are also used in casseroles, salads, and soups. The form is sometimes called pagoda pasta. Design Radiatori somewhat resemble rotini in shape, but are generally shorter and thicker with a ruffled edge, circling the pasta. They are modelled after an old industrial heating fixture, having a straight "pipe" with concentric, parallel fins. Their design creates hollows to trap sauce. See also List of pasta References External links Cook's Thesaurus Types of pasta
884797	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%20%28%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1%29	برديتا (قمر)	برديتا (قمر) بالإنكليزية Perdita هو قمر طبيعي داخلي لأورانوس. كان اكتشافه معقدا. تم نقل أول صور فوتوغرافية لبرديتا بواسطة المسبار فوياجر 2 في عام 1986، لكن لم يتم تمييزه من خلال الصور الفوتوغرافية لأكثر من عقد من الزمان. في عام 1999، وقد لوحظ القمر عن طريق العالم إريك كاركوشكا Erich Karkoschka وابلغ عنه. وبسبب عدم وجود المزيد من الصورالمؤكدة لوجوده، تم تخفيض رتبة رسميا في عام 2001.. في عام 2003، ومن خلال الصور التي اتخذتها تمكن مرصد هبل الفضائي التقط صور لكائن مؤكدا على فرضية وجود برديتا.. و بالعودة إلى سنة 1999 حمل برديتا التعيين المؤقت S/1986 U 10 واسمه مستمد من مسرحية بعنوان حكاية الشتاء لويليام شكسبير. كما يعرف أيضا بأورانوس الخامس والعشرين. ينتمي إلى مجموعة أقمار بورتشيا والتي تتكون من 27 قمرا، والتي تتضمن أيضا جولييت وبيانكا وبليندا وبورشيا وروزاليند وديسديمونا وكريسيدا وكيوبيد ولهذه الأقمار نفس الخصائص المدارية. ويبلغ بياضه الهندسي 0.08. يقع مداره بين مدار بليندا ومدار بوك. كما أثبتت الملاحظات الرصدية أن هذا القمر لا يتبع لقوانين كبلر الحركية حول أورانوس. كما أن له رنين مداري مع جاره بيلندا يبلغ 43:44 والرنين المداري يبلغ 8:7 مع روزاليندا. المراجع أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 1999 أقمار أورانوس اكتشافات فوياجر 2
9006722	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9	القشرانيات السكرية الموضعية	القشرانيات السكرية الموضعية أو الكورتيزون الموضعي هي التركيبات الموضعية للهرمونات القشرية السكرية (جلوكوكورتيكويدات). تُستخدم القشرانيات الموضعية في علاج العديد من الأمراض الجلدية. لهذه المواد خصائص مضادة للالتهابات، ومثبطة للتفتل الخلوي، وقامعة للجهاز المناعي من خلال آليات مختلفة. الاستخدامات الطبية يستخدم الكورتيزون الموضعي لعلاج مجموعة متنوعة من الأمراض الجلدية: الأكزيما التهاب الجلد التأتبي الصدفية البهاق الشبم التهاب الجلد الإشعاعي الحاد الحزاز المتصلب التركيبات للقشرانيات الموضعية عدّة تركيبات مختلفة. عند استخدام تركيبة غير مناسبة، قد لا يتحقق التأثير العلاجي المطلوب. كما قد يتفاقم المرض في بعض الحالات. على سبيل المثال، عند استخدام جل الكورتيزون على أكزيما اليد المتشققة تزداد حدة الألم وكذلك اللسع بسبب الكحول الموجود في الجل. وعند استخدام مرهم على جرح رطب قد يؤدي المرهم إلى التهاب جريبي بسبب خصائصه السادّة للمسام. المراهم تتشكل المراهم من الماء المعلق في الزيت. تُعدّ المراهم مواد تشحيم فعالة قادرة على الاحتفاظ بالحرارة وتقليل فقدان الماء عبر الجلد وتوفير امتصاص أفضل للأدوية. المراهم أيضا شبه سادّة للمسام. عادة ما تكون المراهم أكثر التركيبات فعالية للكورتيزون الموضعي بسبب تأثيرها الانسدادي. ومع ذلك، قد يكون قبول المرضى وامتثالهم للعلاج الدوائي منخفضًا نسبيًا نظرًا لكون المراهم دهنية ولزجة وصعبة الدهن على المناطق الكبيرة أو ذات الشعر. كريمات الكريمات عبارة عن مستحلبات شبه صلبة تتكون من زيت معلق في الماء. للكريمات مظهر لطيف ويمكن شطفها بالماء. الكريمات بشكل عام أكثر فعالية من باقي التركيبات ولكنها أقل فعالية من المراهم. تُفيد الكريمات بشكل خاص في الالتهابات الحادة ذات الإفرازات بسبب قدرتها على التجفيف. يمكن أيضًا وضع الكريمات على ثنيات الجسم التي لا يمكن استخدام المراهم فيها. الدهون (لوشن) الدهونات هي معلقات أو محاليل الأدوية الموجودة في الماء أو الكحول أو أنواع أخرى من المذيبات. لذلك، يجب رج الحاوية بشكل كافٍ لضمان خلط الدواء جيدًا مع المذيب قبل كل جرعة لتحقيق أفضل تأثير علاجي. المستحضرات فعالة بشكل خاص في المناطق المشعرة وأيضًا في الحالات التي يستوجب فيها استخدام الدواء على مناطق واسعة من الجسم. تعطي الدهونات بعض التبريد والتجفيف أثناء جفافها، مما يجعلها فعالة في المشاكل الجلدية الرطبة و / أو في حالات الحكة. الهلام (جل) المواد الهلامية عبارة عن مستحلبات بزيت معلق في ماء يحتوي على كحول في القاعدة. لتركيبات الجل تأثيرات علاجية جيدة مثل المراهم ومظهر لطيف من الناحية الجمالية مثل الكريمات، مما يجعلها أكثر قبولًا عند المرضى. تُمتص المواد الهلامية بسهولة وهي سهلة التوزيع على المناطق المشعرة. المواد الهلامية فعالة بشكل خاص للالتهابات ذات الإفرازات. الرغوة تنتشر الرغوة بكفاءة وهي أسهل في الاستخدام مقارنة بالمستحضرات الأخرى، خاصةً لالتهابات الجلد وأمراض فروة الرأس. يمكن وضع الرغوة ونشرها بسهولة، خاصة في المناطق المشعرة. عادة ما يكون التزام المرضى بالتركيبات الرغوية مرتفعًا. تركيبات الرغوة عمومًا أعلى في السعر من التركيبات الأخرى نظرًا لصعوبة تصميم المركبات المناسبة، الخصائص الدوائية آلية العمل تغير القشرانيات السكرية الموضعية وظائف خلايا البشرة والجلد بالإضافة إلى خلايا الدم البيضاء التي تسهم في العديد من أمراض الجلد التكاثرية والالتهابية. تعمل القشرانيات الموضعية كـنواهض لمستقبلات القشرانيات السكرية. يرتبط القشراني بالمستقبل داخل الخلية، ومن ثمّ ينتقل مركب القشراني-المُستقبل إلى النواة. داخل النواة، يرتبط المركب بعناصر استجابة القشرانيات السكرية في المنطقة المحفزة للجينات المستهدفة. ينتج عن هذا تنظيم التعبير الجيني من خلال تغيير معدل نسخ بعض أنواع الرنا الرسول. نظرًا لأن الرنا الرسول يعمل كقالب لتخليق البروتين، يمكن للقشرانيات الموضعية إما تعزيز أو تثبيط تخليق بروتينات معينة. هذه السلسلة من الأحداث تؤدي إلى تأثيرات عديدة. يتم تثبيط عوامل النسخ المسؤولة عن تخليق عوامل الالتهاب وتحفيز إطلاق البروتينات المضادة للالتهابات مثل ليبوكورتين ، ومنع انقسام خلايا البشرة والخلايا الليفية الجلدية. الحرائك لدوائية هناك العديد من العوامل التي تحدد مدى امتصاص القشرانيات الموضعية، منها: منطقة الجسم؛ يمكن للكوتريزون الموضعي اختراق مناطق الجسم ذات الجلد الرقيق أكثر من المناطق ذات الجلد السميك. حالة الجلد؛ يُمتَصّ الكورتيزون الموضعي بنسبة أكبر في مناطق الالتهاب أو في المناطق المتقشرة مقارنةً بلجلد الطبيعي. عمر المريض؛ فالرضع والأطفال الصغار الذين لديهم جلد أرق بكثير من جلد البالغين يمتصون الكورتيزون الموضعي بسهولة أكبر وجود اليوريا، ثنائي ميثيل سلفوكسيد، أو عوامل أخرى (مثل حمض الساليسيليك ) في تركيبة المستحضر والتي من شأنها رفع معدل الامتصاص. وضع ضمادة إطباقية على المنطقة المصابة يرفع معدل الامتصاص الاختلافات في مدى الامتصاص عن طريق الجلد في أجزاء مختلفة من الجسم (النسبة المئوية للجرعة الإجمالية التي يمتصها الجسم عن طريق الجلد) هي كما يلي: باطن القدم - 0.05٪ باطن الكف - 0.1٪ الساعد - 1٪ فروة الرأس - 3.5٪ الوجه - 7٪ الجفون والأعضاء التناسلية - 30٪ الآثار الجانبية تعتبر القشرانيات السكرية الموضعية أكثر أمانًا بشكل عام من القشرانيات الجهازية. ومع ذلك، قد تحدث آثار جانبية جلدية وجهازية، خاصة مع استخدام الجلوكوكورتيكويدات الموضعية فائقة الفعالية والفعالة أو الاستخدام المفرط للعوامل منخفضة الفعالية. الآثار الجانبية الجلدية متلازمة الانسحاب: قد يؤدي إيقاف القشرانيات الموضعية بعد الاستخدام طويل الأمد، خاصة على الوجه أو الأعضاء التناسلية، إلى ظهور أنواع مختلفة من العلامات والأعراض بما في ذلك احمرار الجلد، والإحساس بالحرق أو اللسع، والحكة، والألم، والشعور بهبّات ساخنة على الوجه. يمكن أن تستمر هذه الأعراض لأيام إلى أسابيع بعد إيقاف الكورتيزون الموضعي. رد الفعل التحسسي : المركبات (المذيبات التي تحتوي على الدواء) أو المواد الحافظة هي عادة العوامل المسببة للحساسية، أما الحساسية الناتجة عن الكورتيزون نفسه تكاد تكون شبه مستحيلة. يُشتبه في حساسية التلامس الناتجة عن الكورتيزون الموضعي في المرضى الذين يعانون من أمراض جلدية مزمنة تزداد سوءًا بعد العلاج. أخرى: الآثار الضارة الجلدية الأخرى للكورتيزون الموضعي تتكون من ظهور فرفرية (بقع حمراء متغيرة اللون) على الجلد، وتغيرات في التصبغ، ونمو غير طبيعي للشعر. الآثار الجانبية الجهازية يمكن لبعض الكورتيزونات الموضعية أن تسبب تثبيط محور الغدة النخامية (HPA). تشمل الأسباب التي تؤدي إلى تثبيط هذا المحور استخدام القشرانيات فائقة الفعالية، والاستخدام طويل الأمد، واستخدام الكورتيزون الموضعي على مناطق عالية النفاذية أو مساحات كبيرة من الجسم، واستخدام ضمادات إطباقية تزيد من امتصاص الدواء، وتغير حاجز الجلد، وصغر السن. يمكن أن يؤدي الاستخدام طويل المدى حتى للقشراني الخفيف عند الأطفال الصغار إلى تثبيط هذا المحور. نادرًا, يؤدي الاستخدام طويل الأمد للجلوكوكورتيكويدات الموضعية عالية الفعالية حول العينين إلى الإصابة بالمياه الزرقاء أو إعتام عدسة العين. يمكن أن يؤدي الاستخدام الخاطئ للقشرانية الموضعية إلى تفاقم أو تغطية الأعراض السريرية لالالتهابات الجلدية الفطرية مما يصعّب تشخيص حالة المريض. تحذيرات في الأطفال لتقليل من الأعراض الجانبية، لا ينبغي استخدام الكورتيزون عالي الفعالية على الوجه، والمناطق بين الثنيات، والمناطق ذات الطبقات الرقيقة من الجلد (مثل العجان والإبط ) عند الأطفال. كما يفضل استخدام الكورتيزون عالي الفعالية على الجلد مرة واحدة فقط في اليوم ويجب عدم استخدامه لأكثر من أربعة عشر يومًا. حتى الكورتيزونات منخفضة الفعالية قادرة على إحداث آثار ضارة عند الأطفال عند استخدامها لفترات طويلة من الزمن. بشكل عام، يحتاج الأطفال لجرعة أقل من الكورتيزون الموضعي لمرض ما مقارنة بالبالغين، حيث أن مساحة سطح الجسم لدى الأطفال أصغر نسبيًا مقارنة بالبالغين. أثناء الحمل أو الإرضاع استنادًا إلى الأدلة المتوفرة حاليًا، لا يسبب الكورتيزون الموضعي منخفض إلى متوسط الفعالية أية آثار ضارة للأم والطفل، مثل الولادة المبكرة، والعيوب الخلقية، وانخفاض الوزن عند الولادة. ومع ذلك، نظرًا لأن العلاقة بين الاستخدام طويل الأمد للكورتيزون الموضعي الفعال في النساء الحوامل وانخفاض الوزن عند الولادة لا يمكن إهمالها، يجب إعطاء النساء الحوامل اللواتي يحتجن إلى كورتيزون موضعي مع عوامل منخفضة أو متوسطة الفعالية بدلاً من العوامل القوية أو فائقة القوة. إذا كانت السكرية الموضعية القوية أو فائقة الفعالية ضرورية في النساء الحوامل، فيجب إعطاؤها لفترة قصيرة فقط، ويجب أيضًا تقليل الجرعة المستخدمة، ويجب مراقبة نمو الطفل عن كثب. التصنيفات التصنيف الأمريكي تسبب القشرانيات الموضعية تضيق الأوعية الجلدية بدرجة متناسبة مع مستوى فعاليتها. بناءً على نظام التصنيف الأمريكي، يمكن تصنيف القشرانيات الموضعية إلى سبع مجموعات، حيث المجموعة الأولى هي الأكثر فعالية والمجموعة السابعة هي الأقل فعالية. الفاعلية الفائقة (المجموعة 1) بيتاميثازون ديبروبيونات، معزز بنسبة 0.05٪ بروبيونات كلوبيتاسول 0.05٪ ديفلوكورتولون فاليرات 0.3٪ فلوسينونيد 0.1٪ فلوراندرينوليد 4 ميكروجرام / سم 2 بروبيونات هالوبيتاسول 0.05٪ الفاعلية العالية (المجموعة 2) امسينونيد 0.1٪ بيتاميثازون ديبروبيونات 0.05٪ بروبيونات كلوبيتاسول 0.025٪ ديسوكسيميتازون 0.25٪ ثنائي أسيتات ديفلوراسون 0.05٪ فلوسينونيد 0.05٪ هالسينونيد 0.1٪ بروبيونات هالوبيتاسول 0.01٪ الفاعلية المتوسطة الأعلى (المجموعة 3) امسينونيد 0.1٪ بيتاميثازون ديبروبيونات 0.05٪ بيتاميثازون فاليرات 0.1٪ ديسوكسيميتازون 0.05٪ ثنائي أسيتات ديفلوراسون 0.05٪ ديفلوكورتولون فاليرات 0.1٪ (غير متوفر في الولايات المتحدة) فلوسينونيد 0.05٪ فلوتيكاسون بروبيونات 0.005٪ موميتازون فوروات 0.1٪ تريامسينولون أسيتونيد 0.5٪ الفاعلية المتوسطة (المجموعة 4) بيتاميثازون ديبروبيونات 0.05٪ كلوكورتولون بيفالات 0.1٪ فلوسينولون أسيتونيد 0.025٪ فلوراندرينوليد 0.05٪ هيدروكورتيزون فاليرات 0.2٪ موميتازون فوروات 0.1٪ تريامسينولون أسيتونيد 0.1٪ الفاعلية المتوسطة الأخفض (المجموعة 5) بيتاميثازون ديبروبيونات 0.05٪ بيتاميثازون فاليرات 0.1٪ ديسونيد 0.05٪ فلوسينولون أسيتونيد 0.025٪ فلوراندرينوليد 0.05٪ فلوتيكاسون بروبيونات 0.05٪ هيدروكورتيزون الزبدات 0.1٪ هيدروكورتيزون بروبوتات 0.1٪ هيدروكورتيزون فاليرات 0.2٪ Prednicarbate 0.1٪ تريامسينولون أسيتونيد 0.1٪ الفاعلية المنخفضة (المجموعة 6) الكلوميتازون ديبروبيونات 0.05٪ بيتاميثازون فاليرات 0.1٪ ديسونيد 0.05٪ فلوسينولون أسيتونيد 0.01٪ تريامسينولون أسيتونيد 0.025٪ الأضعف (المجموعة 7) هيدروكورتيزون (قاعدة، ≥2٪) 2.5٪ هيدروكورتيزون (قاعدة، <2٪) 1٪ هيدروكورتيزون أسيتات 2.5٪ الصحة والمجتمع رهاب القشرانيات السكرية الموضعية رهاب القشرانيات الموضعية هو التوجس من استخدام القشرانيات الموضعية، والذي يوجد عادة بين مرضى التهاب الجلد التأتبي ومقدمي الرعاية لهم. عُرفت هذه الظاهرة في أكثر من 15 دولة حول العالم، بما في ذلك كندا وفرنسا واليابان والمملكة المتحدة والولايات المتحدة. الأسباب الأكثر انتشارًا لرهاب القشرانيات الموضعية هي الخوف من ترقق الجلد والقلق من الامتصاص الجهازي الذي يمكن أن يؤثر على النمو والتطور. قد تترافق هذه الظاهرة مع انخفاض الامتثال بالعلاجات القشرانية الموضعية. يجب أن يكون نزع مخاوف المرضى من القشرانيات جزءًا لا يتجزأ من تعليم وعلاج المرضى من أجل تحسين الفعالية العلاجية وجودة الحياة. المراجع كورتيزون هرمونات قشرية سكرية
20597486	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philistion%20of%20Locri	Philistion of Locri	Philistion of Locri was a Greek physician, medical and dietary author who lived in the 4th century BC. He was a native of Locri in Magna Graecia, but was also referred to as "the Sicilian." He was tutor to the physician Chrysippus of Cnidos, and the astronomer and physician Eudoxus, and therefore must have lived in the 4th century BC. He was one of those who defended the opinion that what is drunk goes into the lungs. Some ancient writers attributed to Philistion the treatise De Salubri Victus Ratione, and also the De Victus Ratione, both of which form part of the Hippocratic collection. By some persons he was considered one of the founders of the Empiric school. He wrote a work on materia medica, and on Cookery, and is several times quoted by Pliny, and Galen. Oribasius attributes to him the invention of a machine for restoring dislocations of the humerus. A brother of Philistion, who was also a physician, but whose name is not known, is quoted by Caelius Aurelianus. Notes 4th-century BC Greek physicians Epizephyrian Locrians
7867644	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Alejandro	Kevin Alejandro	Kevin Alejandro Kevin Michael Alejandro (born April 7, 1976) is an American actor and film director. He is known for his roles as Nate Moretta in the crime drama Southland, Forklift Mike in Parenthood, Jesús Velázquez in the supernatural thriller True Blood, Sebastian Blood / Brother Blood in the superhero series Arrow and as Daniel Espinóza in the comedy-crime drama Lucifer. Career Alejandro was born in San Antonio, Texas to Mexican parents of Spanish and English ancestry. He was featured on the ABC series Ugly Betty, playing Santos, the father of Justin Suarez and love interest of Hilda. At the time of the season 1 finale episode's filming, he had just become a series regular on the Fox network's newly introduced Drive, since cancelled. He was a featured player in the second season of the Showtime original series Sleeper Cell, playing Benito Velasquez, and also played Dominic Hughes in The Young and the Restless. In 2006, he appeared in the NCIS episode "Driven" as character Jamie Jones. He made an appearance, along with fellow Ugly Betty actor Eric Mabius, in the CSI: Miami episode "One of Our Own", and another as a gay hustler in HBO's Big Love. He appeared on an episode of Charmed season 7 as Malvock, a cunning demon. He also appeared in the first few episodes of 24s fourth season, as a terrorist henchman, in which he also stars with Tony Plana, fellow Ugly Betty actor. Alejandro was a regular on the now defunct drama Shark as Deputy District Attorney Danny Reyes. and had a small role on The Cleaner, an A&E television series. Alejandro appeared in the movie Crossing Over, which was released in February 2009, alongside Harrison Ford. He played Detective Nate Moretta in Southland, produced by Emmy Award winner John Wells. Southland was canceled by NBC Broadcasting just two weeks prior to the première of the show's sophomore run, but was then picked up by the cable network TNT. Alejandro appeared in the TV series The Mentalist Season 2, Episode 17 as Victor Bandino. He had a role in Weeds, seasons 4 and 5. Drop Dead Divas Season 1 Episode 5 also features Alejandro as the wrongfully convicted Michael Fernandez. He appeared on Season 1 of Sons of Anarchy as one of the Mayan MC members, son of Marcus, the MC's president. Alejandro stars in the third and fourth seasons of the vampire series True Blood as Jesús Velázquez. In 2011, he appeared in the movie Red State, opposite John Goodman and directed by Kevin Smith, as well a horror film Cassadaga. He also played Tony Arroyo, a homicide detective in the 2013 television show Golden Boy. Alejandro portrayed Sheriff Tommy Solano in the ABC / A&E series The Returned. In 2013, Alejandro joined the CW series Arrow as Sebastian Blood/Brother Blood, recurring throughout the show's second season. In January 2016, he began his role on the Fox TV series Lucifer as LAPD Homicide Detective Dan Espinoza. Lucifer ran for three seasons before being cancelled by Fox, only to be picked up by Netflix since season four, which released 2019. Alejandro directed the episode "Once Upon a Time", which was intended to be aired in the series' fourth season but instead aired as a bonus episode on May 28, 2018 after the third season had concluded. He also directed the season 5 episode "Spoiler Alert", and in an interview with Tell-Tale TV, he confirmed he directed the season 6 premiere. Filmography Film Television Web References External links 1976 births Living people American male soap opera actors American male film actors American male television actors Male actors from San Antonio 21st-century American male actors American male actors of Mexican descent American people of Spanish descent American people of English descent People from Snyder, Texas
2197345	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84	هارتسفيل	هارتسفيل (كارولاينا الجنوبية) هي مدينة تقع في الولايات المتحدة في مقاطعة دارلينجتون. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 7,764 نسمة ومساحتها 13.0 كم2 وترتفع عن سطح البحر 66 متر. التركيبة السكانية حدّد مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بيانات التركيبة السكانية لهارتسفيل في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010. تعداد عام 2000 بلغ عدد سكان هارتسفيل 7,556 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 3,044 أسرة وعدد العائلات 1,937 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 3,499 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره . وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 56% من البيض و42.47% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.09% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و0.62% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.03% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و0.19% من الأعراق الأخرى و0.61% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و0.83% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق. بلغ عدد الأسر 3,044 أسرة كانت نسبة 33.1% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 37.6% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 22.5% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 3.6% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 36.4% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 33.5% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 15.2% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.32، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 2.97. بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 37.2 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 24.7% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 7.6% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 23.9% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 20.8% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 16.5% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 79.2 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 72.5 ذكر. بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في المدينة 26,063 دولارًا، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 38,877 دولارًا. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 42,295 دولارًا مقابل 22,583 دولارًا للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالمدينة 19,318 دولارًا. وكانت نسبة 21.6% من العائلات ونسبة 25.8% من السكان تحت خط الفقر، وكان من هؤلاء نسبة 34.9% تحت سن الثامنة عشر ونسبة 21.7% في الخامسة والستين من العمر وما فوق. تعداد عام 2010 بلغ عدد سكان هارتسفيل 7,764 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 3,081 أسرة وعدد العائلات 1,893 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 3,704 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره . وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 51% من البيض و46.34% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.22% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و0.82% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.05% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و0.53% من الأعراق الأخرى و1.03% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و1.46% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق. بلغ عدد الأسر 3,081 أسرة كانت نسبة 32.1% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 32.8% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 25% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 3.6% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 38.6% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 34.3% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 15.4% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.32، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.00. بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 36.7 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 24.3% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 13.6% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 21.4% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 24.5% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 16.2% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 44.4% ذكور و55.6% إناث. أعلام تشاد دوسن تيرانس هيرنغتون جيم كامبل شانون جونسون رودريك بلاكني انظر أيضاً قائمة مدن وبلدات كارولاينا الجنوبية مراجع هارتسفيل أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1760 مدن في مقاطعة دارلينجتون (كارولاينا الجنوبية) مدن كارولاينا الجنوبية
10310004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic%20of%20China%20calendar	Republic of China calendar	Republic of China calendar The Republic of China calendar, often shortened to the ROC calendar or the Minguo calendar, is a calendar used in Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu. The calendar uses 1912, the year of the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC) in Nanjing, as the first year. The ROC calendar follows the tradition of using the sovereign's era name and year of reign, as did previous Chinese dynasties. Months and days are numbered according to the Gregorian calendar. The ROC calendar has been in wide use in the ROC since 1912, including in early official documents. The ROC calendar is the official calendar used in Taiwan since 1945, and also adopted by Overseas Chinese and Taiwanese communities. Chorographies and historical research published in mainland China covering the period between 1912 and 1949 also use the ROC calendar. Calendar details The Gregorian calendar was adopted by the nascent Republic of China effective 1 January 1912 for official business, but the general populace continued to use the traditional lunisolar Chinese calendar. The status of the Gregorian calendar was unclear between 1916 and 1921 while China was controlled by several competing warlords each supported by foreign colonial powers. From about 1921 until 1928 warlords continued to fight over northern China, but the Kuomintang-led Nationalist government controlled southern China and used the Gregorian calendar. After the Kuomintang reconstituted the Republic of China on 10 October 1928, the Gregorian calendar was officially adopted, effective 1 January 1929. The People's Republic of China has continued to use the Gregorian calendar since 1949. Despite the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, the numbering of the years was still an issue. The Chinese monarchical tradition was to use the monarch's era name and year of reign. One alternative to this approach was to use the reign of the semi-legendary Yellow Emperor in the third millennium BC to number the years. In the early 20th century, some Chinese republicans began to advocate such a system of continuously numbered years, so that year markings would be independent of the monarch's era name. (This was part of their attempt to de-legitimize the Qing dynasty.) When Sun Yat-sen became the provisional president of the Republic of China, he sent telegrams to leaders of all provinces and announced the 13th day of 11th month of the 4609th year of the Yellow Emperor's reign (corresponding to 1 January 1912) to be the first year of the Republic of China. The original intention of the Minguo calendar was to follow the monarchical practice of naming the years according to the number of years the monarch had reigned, which was a universally recognizable event in China. Following the establishment of the Republic, hence the lack of a monarch, it was then decided to use the year of the establishment of the current regime. This reduced the issue of frequent change in the calendar, as no Chinese emperor ruled more than 61 years in Chinese history – the longest being the Kangxi Emperor, who ruled from 1662 to 1722 (Kangxi 61). (Qianlong Emperor abdicated in 1795, i.e. Qianlong 60, but the reign name of Qianlong is still used unofficially until his death in 1799 i.e. Qianlong 64.) As most Chinese era names consisted of two Chinese characters, (Mínguó, "Republic") is employed as an abbreviation of (Zhōnghuá Mínguó, "Republic of China"). The first year, 1912, is called (Mínguó Yuánnián) and , the " year of the Republic" is or simply . Based on National Standards of the Republic of China CNS 7648: Data Elements and Interchange Formats—Information Interchange—Representation of Dates and Times (similar to ISO 8601), year numbering may use the Gregorian system as well as the ROC era. For example, may be written -- or ROC --. The ROC era numbering happens to be the same as the numbering used by the Juche calendar of North Korea, because its founder, Kim Il Sung, was born in 1912. The years in Japan's Taishō era (30 July 1912 to 25 December 1926) also coincide with those of the ROC era. In addition to the ROC's Minguo calendar, Taiwanese continue to use the lunar Chinese calendar for certain functions such as the dates of many holidays, the calculation of people's ages, and religious functions. Arguments for and against The use of the ROC era system extends beyond official documents. Misinterpretation is more likely in the cases when the prefix (ROC or ) is omitted. There have been legislative proposals by political parties of the Pan-Green Coalition that support Taiwanese independence, such as the Democratic Progressive Party, to formally abolish the ROC calendar in favor of the Gregorian calendar. Relation to the Gregorian calendar To convert any Gregorian calendar year (1912 and after) to ROC calendar, subtract 1911. See also Chinese era name East Asian age reckoning Public holidays in Taiwan Juche calendar Taishō era References 1912 establishments in China 1912 introductions Chinese calendars Calendar Modified Gregorian calendars Taiwan under Republic of China rule Society of Taiwan Taiwanese culture Time in Taiwan
1415665	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82%20%28%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%29	بطلان مطلق (قانون)	بطلان مطلق (قانون) البطلان المطلق - ويقابله في القانون المدني البطلان النسبي - هو جزاء تخلف أحد أركان التصرف القانوني، وهي الرضا والمحل والسبب والشكل في العقود الشكلية والتسليم في العقود العينية، وهذا الجزاء ليس فيه إجبار للمدين على تنفيذ التزامه بل على العكس ففيه عدم اعتداد بالتصرف المخالف ومنعه من ترتيب آثاره واعتباره كأن لم يكن. البطلان المطلق جزاء يتعلق بالنظام العام، فيجوز للقاضي أن يحكم به من تلقاء نفسه، كما يجوز لكل من كانت له مصلحة أن يطالب به، ويترتب على الحكم به زوال التصرف بأثر رجعي، وتسقط دعوى المطالبة به بمضي خمس عشرة سنة من وقت العقد المراجع مصادر المدخل لدراسة العلوم القانونية «نظرية القانون» - د.محمد محمود حسن. قانون
24854612	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Thomas%20%28Protestant%20minister%2C%20born%201813%29	David Thomas (Protestant minister, born 1813)	David Thomas (Protestant minister, born 1813) David Thomas (1813 – 30 December 1894) was a Welsh preacher and publisher of The Homilist, a magazine of liturgical thought. The son of William Thomas of Hopsill, also a preacher, Thomas was born near Tenby, Pembrokeshire and started life in a commercial career, in which he achieved a rapid success. Thomas was already giving his Sundays to preaching, and was prevailed upon to give up his business prospects in order to devote himself wholly to the ministry. He entered Newport Pagnell College to prepare for the ministry, and afterwards became pastor at Chesham. In 1844, he moved to Stockwell, London, where he ministered to a congregation reaching up to 900 people until his retirement in 1877. He began publication of The Homilist in 1852, and proceeded to publish over forty volumes. He also wrote The Crisis of Being—six lectures to Young Men on Religious Decision; The Progress of Being; The Genius of the Gospels; A Commentary on the Gospel of St. Matthew; The Practical Philosopher; Problemata Mnndi, and other works. His collected writings eventually filled nine volumes, republished between 1882 and 1889. Thomas was the originator of the Working Men's Club and Institute, of which Lord Brougham was first president; and of an insurance plan for the benefit of widows of ministers. His congregants included Catherine Mumford (whose wedding to William Booth was officiated by Thomas in 1855) and Wilson Carlile. Pennsylvania's Waynesburg College awarded Thomas an Honorary Doctorate, recognizing his efforts to reconcile the churches of the United States and England. He died at his daughter's home in Ramsgate on 30 December 1894 and was buried at West Norwood Cemetery. References 1813 births People from Tenby 1894 deaths People from Stockwell English Protestant ministers and clergy Burials at West Norwood Cemetery 19th-century English clergy
3545464	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%20%28%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD%29	وارن (توضيح)	وارن (توضيح) قد يقصد من «وارن» :
2232654	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%20%28%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A9%29	المكراب (مذيخرة)	المكراب (مذيخرة) المكراب محلة تابعة لقرية المراونة، التابعة لعزلة حليان بمديرية مذيخرة إحدى مديريات محافظة إب في الجمهورية اليمنية، بلغ تعداد سكانها 57 حسب تعداد اليمن لعام 2004. مراجع وروابط خارجية المركز الوطني للمعلومات باليمن المكراب
1454204	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%20%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%20%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AB%20%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86	خوصي لويس لوبيث أرانغورين	خوصي لويس لوبيث أرانغورين José Luis López Aranguren (ولد بآبلة في 9 يونيو 1909 وتوفي بمدريد في 17 أبريل 1996) فيلسوف و كاتب إسباني. يعتير من أكثر المفكرين تأثيرا في المجتمع الإسباني، خلال النصف الثاني من القرن العشرين. اشتغل كاستاذ للأخلاقيات بجامعة كمبلوتنسي بمدريد، و تركزت أعماله حول الدور الذي يجب أن يلعبه المثقفون في ظل مجتمعات تؤول نحو التصنيع المتزايد و اللاعدالة و تتسم بضمور إنسانيتها. أعمال أرانغورين تتسم بحمولة أخلاقية و سياسية و دينية، و تحذر من طغيان الأبعاد التقانية و السبرانية في المجتمعات المعاصرة، على حساب قيم التضامن و الإنسان. مؤلفاته الفلسفة و الدين Filosofía y religión الأخلاقيات Ética الأخلاقيات و المجتمع Ética y sociedad الأخلاق و علم الاجتماع و السياسة Moral, sociología y política دراسات أدبية و سيرية ذاتية Estudios literarios y autobiográficos روابط خارجية مراجع خريجو جامعة كمبلوتنسي بمدريد فلاسفة إسبان مواليد 1909 مواليد في آبلة وفيات 1996
1546569	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B8%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A	ظهير الدين البخاري	ظهير الدين البخاري (ت. 619 هـ / 1222 م) هو فقيه حنفي، كان محتسباً ببخارى. هو ظهير الدين أبو بكر محمد بن أحمد بن عمر البخاري. له: «الفتاوى الظهيرية»، مجموعة من الفتاوى. وفي «الفوائد البهية» تنبيه إلى عدم الخلط بين: «الفوائد الظهيرية» لظهير الدين هذا و «الفتاوى الظهيرية» لظهير الدين الحسن بن علي المرغيناني (ت. نحو 600 هـ / 1203 م). المراجع سنة الولادة غير معروفة فقهاء الحنفية وفيات 1222 وفيات 619 هـ
3237153	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%20%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7	صوفي شارلوت دوقة بافاريا	صوفي شارلوت دوقة بافاريا (23 فبراير 1847 - 4 مايو 1897) حفيدة لويس فيليب الأول وشقيقة إليزابيث إمبراطورة النمسا. المراجع مدفونون في كنيسة درو الملكية أسرة أورليان أشخاص من ميونخ فيتلسباخ مواليد 1847 مواليد في ميونخ وفيات 1897 وفيات ناجمة عن الحريق وفيات عرضية في فرنسا وفيات في باريس نبلاء من ميونخ
6728939	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D8%A5%D9%81.%20%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA	إدوين إف. هاردينغ	إدوين إف. هاردينغ هو عسكري أمريكي، ولد في 18 سبتمبر 1886 في فرانكلين في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 5 يونيو 1970. مراجع أشخاص من فرانكلين (أوهايو) أفراد الجيش الأمريكي في الحرب العالمية الأولى أفراد الجيش الأمريكي في الحرب العالمية الثانية أفراد عسكريون من أوهايو جنرالات الجيش الأمريكي جنرالات القوات المسلحة الأمريكية في الحرب العالمية الثانية حائزون على وسام الاستحقاق الأمريكي حائزون على وسام النجمة الفضية خريجو الأكاديمية العسكرية الأمريكية مواليد 1886 وفيات 1970
2945013	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9	بلغاريا في الألعاب الأولمبية	بلغاريا في الألعاب الأولمبية جمهورية بلغاريا في الألعاب الأولمبية الألعاب الأولمبية هي من أهم الأحداث الرياضية في بلغاريا، تقوم اللجنة الأولمبية البلغارية بالإشراف في شؤون مشاركة بلغاريا في الألعاب الأولمبية، كانت أول مشاركة لبلغاريا في الألعاب الأولمبية في أول دورة في دورة 1896 في أثينا عاصمة اليونان وأول ميدالية فازت بها بلغاريا كانت في دورة 1952 في هلسنكي عاصمة فنلندا، وقد فازت بلغاريا حتى الآن في مشوارها في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية بمجموع 214 ميدالية في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية منها 51 ميدالية ذهبية و 85 فضية و 78 برونزية، وأفضل إنجاز لها كان في دورة 1980 في موسكو في الإتحاد السوفييتي حيث إحتلت المركز الثالث في جدول الميداليات وأكثر الرياضات التي تنافس فيها بلغاريا هي المصارعة و رفع الأثقال و ألعاب القوى و الرماية و الملاكمة و التجديف ورياضات أخرى. أشهر الأبطال الأولمبيين لدى بلغاريا هي ستيفكا كوستادينوفا صاحبة الرقم القياسي العالمي في الوثب العالي والتي تشغل حالياً رئاسة اللجنة الأولمبية البلغارية. في الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية شاركت بلغاري أول مرة في دورة 1936 في غارميش-بارتنكيرشن في ألمانيا وفازت حتى الآن بمجموع 6 ميداليات وهي ميدالية ذهبية واحدة وفضيتان و3 برونزيات أكثر الرياضات التي تنافس فيها بلغاريا هي البياثلون و التزلج على مسار قصير و تزلج ريفي ورياضات أخرى. انظر أيضا الرياضة في بلغاريا مراجع الأبطال الأولمبيون موقع اللجنة الأولمبية الدولية موقع اللجنة الأولمبية فرع بلغاريا بلغاريا في الألعاب الأولمبية
18677334	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Nathaniel%20Jones	William Nathaniel Jones	William Nathaniel Jones, commonly known as W.N. Jones, (20 March 1858 – 24 May 1934) was a Welsh Liberal politician, businessman and soldier. Jones, who served as a Justice of the Peace in Carmarthenshire, married Margaret Francis of Llandeilo. In business, he was a director of the Ammanford Gas Company and the Duke Anthracite Collieries Ltd and the owner of Birchgrove Steelworks, Swansea. He was appointed High Sheriff of Carmarthenshire for 1924. In 1889, Jones became an inaugural member of the Carmarthenshire County Council. He also served on Ammanford Urban District Council. Parliamentary candidate In 1926, Sir Alfred Mond the Liberal MP for Carmarthen defected to the Conservatives over the issue of land policy and the proposal by David Lloyd George that some agricultural land be nationalised. The policy had been set out in the publication Land and the Nation or the Green Book in October 1925 but it caused great debate in the Liberal Party and another MP, Hilton Young, who sat for Norwich also left the party for the Tories along with a couple of former MPs. Mond decided not to resign and fight a by-election but there was an election to choose a successor to him to stand as a Liberal at the next election. This was initially contested by six candidates but four withdrew and the choice was between Jones and Richard Thomas Evans of Cardiff. Jones won in a close contest by 149 votes to 147, having made clear he was an opponent of the Green Book land policy whereas Evans, who had worked closely with Lloyd George on other Liberal policies, was in favour. Evans however was later become MP for Carmarthen, sitting from 1931 to 1935. At the time of the by-election, and in other sources referring to him in 1882, Jones was described variously as Lieutenant-Colonel or Colonel Jones but no indication of his army history is available in those sources. Carmarthen by-election, 1928 In the event Jones did not have to wait until the next general election as Mond accepted a peerage in 1928 and caused a by-election in Carmarthen. At the previous general election in 1924 the Conservatives had not fielded a candidate and Mond had won easily in a straight fight with Labour. However this time, they put up the barrister, Sir Courtenay Mansel, another escapee from the Liberal Party in 1926 who had been MP for Penryn and Falmouth from 1922 to 1923 but who had local connections in Carmarthenshire and was also a Justice of the Peace there. The Labour candidate was the Welsh barrister (and future MP) Dan Hopkin. There was briefly the prospect of a four-cornered contest when the National Party of Wales announced their intention to stand a candidate but in the end they decided not to fight. The by-election took place on 28 June 1928 and Jones emerged as the narrow winner. Jones had made his opposition to the land policy a feature of the campaign in an attempt to retain the support of the division's farmers, many of whom shared Mond's concern about the nationalisation proposals. In any event the Green Book had by this time been withdrawn as a full statement of Liberal land policy. Instead, Jones promoted as the main object of Liberal land policy the desire to give security of tenure to tenant farmers. Many of those reliant on the land for their livelihood seemed to prefer the less radical solution of the government of Stanley Baldwin for the relief of rates on agricultural land. Polling Polling day itself was affected by bad weather with heavy rain dampening the candidates’ enthusiasm on the day and, it was reported, having a detrimental effect on turnout. However the official figures showed a turnout of 76.6% an improvement over the previous general election when only 68% had turned out to vote. In the end, Jones had majority of just 47 votes over his Labour opponent, polling 10,201 to Hopkins's 10,154 with Mansel for the Tories on 8,361. The drastic reduction in the size of the majority, even taking into account the fact that the Tories contested the seat, was a disappointment to the Liberals. Perhaps Liberal supporters felt they had been taken for granted by their party. Of their two previous MPs one had resigned to cause a by-election to find a seat for Sir Alfred Mond and then Mond himself had defected to the Tories without standing down to seek a mandate for his new party. Later elections The by-election did presage a change in political fortunes in the constituency. At the 1929 general election Jones lost the seat to Dan Hopkin in another three-cornered fight. Evans regained it for the Liberals in 1931 but lost to Hopkin in 1935. The seat returned to the Liberals in 1945 when it was won by Sir Rhys Hopkin Morris but was recaptured for Labour in 1957 at the by-election which was caused by Hopkin Morris’ death; the successful Labour candidate being Lady Megan Lloyd George who had herself defected from Liberal to Labour. Death Jones died suddenly at Llanwrtyd Wells on 24 May 1934, aged 76. He died intestate, leaving an estate of gross value £75,950. References Other sources Who was Who, OUP 2007 Ammanford, Carmarthenshire web site – An Aberlash Millionaire at www.terrynorm.ic24.net An Aberlash Millionaire: The Rags To Riches Life of David Davies, Aberlash External links 1858 births 1934 deaths Liberal Party (UK) MPs for Welsh constituencies UK MPs 1924–1929 Members of Carmarthenshire County Council High Sheriffs of Carmarthenshire Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Carmarthenshire constituencies
18270704	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisavan	Sisavan	Sisavan is a village in the Vedi Municipality of the Ararat Province of Armenia. References World Gazeteer: Armenia – World-Gazetteer.com Populated places in Ararat Province
8786534	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onorato%20Damen	Onorato Damen	Onorato Damen (4 December 1893 – 14 October 1979), was an Italian left communist revolutionary who was first active in the Italian Socialist Party and then the Communist Party of Italy. After being expelled, he worked with the organized Italian left, became one of the leaders of the Internationalist Communist Party, commonly known by their paper Battaglia Comunista. The Internationalist Communist Party, formally founded in 1943, was numerically the largest left communist organization in the post-World War II period. In 1952, Amadeo Bordiga, who had by then fully come out of retirement, split the party to found the International Communist Party, known by its paper Programma Comunista. A majority followed Damen, whose group maintained the original name Internationalist Communist Party, the original theoretical journal Prometeo, as well as the paper Battaglia Communista. Onorato Damen was politically active his entire adult life. He was the author of books Bordiga Beyond the Myth and Gramsci: Between Marxism and Idealism. Biography Damen was born in Monte San Pietrangeli (Fermo). In his youth, he joined the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), within which he opposed the politics of Turati, Treves and Modigliani. A little more than twenty years old at the start of the First World War, he was drafted as a Sergeant. At the end of the hostilities he was demoted to the rank of private and subsequently condemned to two years of military prison by a military tribunal for "endangering public institutions"; this was essentially for his support of revolutionary defeatism, motivated by "incitement to desertion" and for denouncing the "imperialistic character of the war". Set free in 1919, he returned to his position in the party collaborating on the socialist periodical of Fermo La Lotta (The Struggle). In the biennio rosso of 1920–21, the richest period of political and social tensions, Damen worked first in Bologna with the local Trade Union Council and then with the Casa del Popolo ("House of the People") of Granarolo as the secretary of the Community Legal Committee. During this period, Damen supported Amadeo Bordiga, and thus joined the Communist Party of Italy. In the months immediately preceding the split of Livorno he worked as secretary of the Trade Union Council in Pistoia and as the chief editor of the periodical L'avvenire. He remained in Pistoia up to his arrest in the months of the electoral campaign of 1921 for the action from Poggio a Caiano. Already in February 1921 he was denounced by the judiciary for certain violence of language used during a rally in the Piazza Garibaldi in Pistoia. On the basis of his frenetic activity and, above the events at Empoli, he became one of the principal targets of the nascent fascist reaction in Tuscany, where he had been organising during those months. On May 10 while returning from a rally held on behalf of the candidate of the Communist Party of Italy in the elections in the village of Corbezzi, he was detained by the fascists who took him to their offices in the city. Here they tried to beat him into renouncing his "Bolshevik" ideas. Failing in their first objective, he was transferred to their headquarters at Piazza Ottaviani in Florence. He was sent to Dumini with the proposal: "You should disappear for the entire period of the electoral campaign or hide yourself in a villa in Fiesole or remain in Florence under continual surveillance." Rejecting these proposals, he was held in Dumini throughout the general strike; a protest erupted into violence in Pistoia on his release. Renewing contacts with the party and overcoming the reserve of the comrades, he decided to return to Pistoia where he remained in order to continue the task of agitation. On the return trip, made by car under the escort of a certain number of armed comrades, he encountered a squadron of fascists on the road from Pioppo to Caiano. This encounter resulted in the death of a fascist and the wounding of two others. Damen was sentenced to three years confinement in the Murate in Florence. Given what took place en route from Pioppo to Caiano and the subsequent incarceration, the leadership of the party decided to send him to France as a part of their "political bureau" to represent the party and to preside over the organisation of groups of exiled comrades, coordinating their political activity as the director of the weekly L'humanité in Italian. Later, upon his clandestine re-entry in the country in 1924, the party presented him as a candidate in the elections and in spite of the strong opposition of the fascists was elected as a deputy on the city council of Florence. Meanwhile, within the PCdI, the rupture between the direction imposed by Moscow and the left continued to delineate itself more clearly. Bordiga, who enjoyed widespread support within the party, initiated his "Aventine" cession (named from a famous plebeian revolt in ancient Rome 4th century BC). He attended the meeting of the central committee but did not intervene in the debate, thus not obstructing the change in political direction that was supported by Antonio Gramsci and Palmiro Togliatti. Damen was a supporter of Communist Left, not the new party direction. Togliatti attended a meeting of the central committee of the Florentine Federation of the CPI to discuss the position of Damen – although Damen himself was not invited. The meeting was unguarded and so the police were able to disrupt it – ultimately, it ended in a flight following a false alarm. In 1925, Damen, along with Luigi Repossi and Bruno Fortichiari, formed the "Intesa" committee with the aim of defending the work of the left in the party. The Platform of the Committee of Intesa was hailed by Leon Trotsky as a seminal work of the International Left Opposition referring to it in his writings as the Platform of the Left. In November 1926, Damen was imprisoned in Ustica, while in December of the same year he was arrested and sent again to the Murate in Florence for participating in the action of Florentine communists in plotting against the state. Condemned by a special tribunal to 12 years of seclusion, he spent years in prisons in Saluzzo, Pallanza, Civitavecchia (where he led a prison revolt) and in Pianosa. Released under amnesty at the end of 1933, he was sent to Milan under watch for 5 years, while the head of the prison in Pianosa communicated to the Casellaria Centrale that "the punishment he has suffered has had no moral effect" and described him as an "unshakeable communist". He was again arrested at the end of 1935, and in 1937 for spreading communist propaganda about the Spanish Civil War, denouncing the stalinists. At the time, police sources testified, he "did not participate in the propaganda turn of the clandestine reorganisation of the Italian Communist Party" because, remaining faithful to his Left-Communist orientation, Damen diffused the propaganda of the international opposition against the politics of the Comintern and against Stalinism in Spain". Arrested again at the outbreak of the Second World War, he was confined for the entire period of the war. He was finally released by the Marshal Badoglio regime at the end of the war. Damen was in prison when the Internationalist Communist Party was launched, but his alignment with it was well known. In 1945, Togliatti and the PCI, while advocating the freedom of real fascists, petitioned in the CLN to have the leaders of the Internationalist Communist Party condemned to death as saboteurs and with the calumnious label of agents of the Gestapo; they included Damen in their list of its leaders. Togliatti's Italian Communist Party had already assassinated two of their founding members and organizers, Fausto Atti and Mario Acquaviva. In the early 1950s, Bordiga began calling for a return to the positions of the Italian Communist Left as they were in the early 1920s when he was the leader of the Communist Party of Italy. To that end he founded the International Communist Party, which then launched their paper, Il Programma Comunista. The group around Battaglia Comunista (and their theoretical journal Prometeo) disagreed, instead defending the following positions: Rosa Luxemburg and not Lenin was right on the national question. The old Communist Parties (now fully stalinised) were not centrist but bourgeois. There was no hope of conquering the unions and that new strategies towards the daily class struggle would have to be evolved to connect the daily struggle of the class to the longer term struggle for communism. The USSR was neither a communist nor socialist society but state capitalist. There could be no substitution of the party for the class as a whole. In the 1970s, the Internationalist Communist Party around Prometeo and Battaglia Comunista organized the first of the International Conferences of the Communist Left. Out of these conferences. the Internationalist Communist Party and the Communist Workers Organisation together formed the International Bureau for the Revolutionary Party around the basis of a common platform (the IBRP became the Internationalist Communist Tendency in 2009 and is still active to this day). Damen died in 1979. References External links The Onorato Damen Internet Archive (EN) The Thirtieth Anniversary of the Death of Onorato Damen (EN) Articles of Damen translated in English (EN) Articles in Battaglia Comunista (IT) Scritti scelti, 1943-78 (IT) Gramsci tra marxismo e idealismo (IT) Amadeo Bordiga - Validità e limiti d'una esperienza (IT) Istituto Onorato Damen Left communists Italian anti-capitalists Italian communists Bordigism 1893 births 1979 deaths People from the Province of Fermo Italian Aventinian secessionists
3488004	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%28%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%29	تينغلات (تالكجونت)	تينغلات (تالكجونت) تينغلات هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة تالڭجونت، إقليم تارودانت، جهة سوس ماسة في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة تالكجونت التي تضم 26 دوار. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 64 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004. مراجع روابط خارجية البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية المندوبية السامية للتخطيط أماكن مأهولة في تالكجونت (تالڭجونت)
29585091	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhale%20%28film%29	Inhale (film)	Inhale (film) Inhale is a 2010 American thriller film directed by Baltasar Kormákur. It stars Dermot Mulroney and Diane Kruger. Plot Paul Stanton (Mulroney) and his wife Diane (Diane Kruger) are a couple whose daughter is dying from a rare degenerative lung condition. The only thing that can save her life is a lung transplant from an organ donor. The movie starts when the donated lung fails to arrive correctly. The movie goes back and forth between the present and the events leading up to it. In the present day, Paul goes to Juarez, Mexico to find a man called Dr. Navarro. After leaving his cell number at many local hospitals, somebody finally contacts Paul. In the past, Dr. Rubin (Rosanna Arquette), who's treating their daughter (Mia Stallard), had given them information regarding Paul's associate, Harrison (Shepard), who somehow managed to get an organ transplant for himself, possibly from the black market. Paul confronted Harrison and finally managed to get Dr. Navarro's name from him. Harrison told him that he was contacted by Navarro and he didn't know how to reach him. Back in the present day, Paul is ambushed by a couple of Navarro's guys that tell him to stay away. After an arduous search, Paul finally finds out that Dr. Navarro is actually Dr. Martinez (Vincent Perez) from a local hospital that he visited previously for his wounds. Paul confronts Martinez and asks him to find a lung donor for his daughter, who only has one week to live. Martinez agrees to help him for a $250,000 cash payment. The next day, Martinez tells Paul that he has found a matching donor for his daughter. Paul tells Diane to go to Juarez and prepare their daughter for the transplant operation. Little does Paul know that the donor is actually a live person; Martinez and his men have planned a hit-and-run accident to get the lung implant from a local street boy. Paul discovers this fact and tells Diane about it. Diane tells him that she does not want to know where the donor comes from. Paul confronts Martinez at the operating table. Martinez tells Paul to make a choice: to go ahead with the operation or disband the operation knowing that they won't be able to find another match in time to save his daughter's life. The next scene shows Paul and Diane at their daughter's funeral. Diane gives Paul an accusing look blaming him for their daughter's death. Meanwhile, elsewhere, the local boy that was supposed to be the organ donor is alive and playing soccer with his friends. Cast Dermot Mulroney as Paul Stanton Diane Kruger as Diane Stanton Sam Shepard as James Harrison Jordi Mollà as Aguilar Vincent Perez as Dr. Martínez Rosanna Arquette as Dr. Rubin Kristyan Ferrer as Miguel Mia Stallard as Chloe Abraham Chaidez as Luis Ruiz Arlin Alcala as receptionist. Release Inhale was featured at the Hamptons International Film Festival and had a limited wide release in the United States in October 2010. References External links 2010 films Films directed by Baltasar Kormákur Films scored by James Newton Howard Films set in Mexico Films about organ trafficking Films about organ transplantation 2010s English-language films American thriller films 2010s American films
890564	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%20%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7	محمد أباتشا	محمد أباتشا Mohammed Abacha الابن الأكبر للعسكري السابق والجنرال ورئيس نيجيريا ساني أباتشا بين عامي 1993 و1998 ومريم أباتشا. اعتقل في عام 1999 ووجهت إليه تهمة قتل كوديرات أبيولا ووالشروع في قتل أليكس إبرو (رئيس صحيفة الجارديان إحدى صحف المعارضة) أثناء رئاسة والده ساني أباتشا. وفي عام 2002 تمت تبرئته وإطلاق سراحه من قبل الرئيس أوباسانجو، وذلك بعد التوصل إلى اتفاق بين الحكومة وعائلة أباتشا تقضي بأن تسلم العائلة رصيد الأموال المختلسة خلال حكم والده. وفي عام 2005 تم توجيه تهم تتعلق بسرقة الأموال العامة. مراجع أبناء رؤساء أشخاص على قيد الحياة غاسلو أموال مجرمون نيجيريون مواليد القرن 20 نيجيريون محتالون نيجيريون أطفال قادة
1725259	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsuda%20University	Tsuda University	Tsuda University is a private women's university based at Kodaira, Tokyo. It is one of the oldest and most prestigious higher educational institutions for women in Japan, contributing to the advancement of women in society for more than a century. History The university was founded in 1900 by Tsuda Umeko as Joshi Eigaku Juku. The name was changed to Tsuda Eigaku Juku in 1933, then to Tsuda Juku Senmon Gakko, and finally Tsuda Juku Daigaku (Tsuda College) in 1948. From April 2017 Tsuda was renamed, in English, to Tsuda University consisting of two colleges. The College of Liberal Arts at Kodaira Campus, Tokyo The College of Policy Studies at Sendagaya Campus, Tokyo Notable alumnae Taki Fujita, 4th president of Tsuda College (1962–1972) Kumiko Haba, political scientist, international relations Michiko Inukai, author Ichiko Kamichika, politician Mieko Kamiya, psychiatrist Mitsuyo Kusano, newscaster Yoriko Madoka, politician Yoko Matsuoka McClain, Japanese language and literature professor Chie Nakane, first-appointed female professor of Tokyo University Tomoko Namba, founder and former CEO of DeNA Co., Ltd. Emiko Ohnuki-Tierney, anthropologist Natsuko Toda, translator Akiko Yamanaka, politician Noriko Yui, mathematician List of Notable Alumnae Faculty Anna Cope Hartshorne Yoshi Kasuya Julie Beth Lovins Kawai Michi Tsuda Umeko Elizabeth Gray Vining Tetsuro Watsuji External links Tsuda University English website Tsuda University Japanese website References Private universities and colleges in Japan Women's universities and colleges in Japan Kodaira, Tokyo 1900 establishments in Japan Universities and colleges established in 1900 Universities and colleges in Tokyo
3555145	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A9%20%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%20%28%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD%29	بلدة شبوا (توضيح)	بلدة شبوا (توضيح) قد يقصد من «بلدة شبوا» :
9374870	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%20%D8%A5%D9%81%20%D8%B3%D9%8A%20%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%3A%20%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB%20%D8%B6%D8%AF%20%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86	يو إف سي ليلة القتال: سميث ضد سبان	يو إف سي ليلة القتال: سميث ضد سبان هو حدث لفنون القتال المختلطة نظمته يو إف سي، أُقيم في 21 سبتمبر 2021، على يو إف سي أبيكس في إنتربرايز، يفادا، جزء من منطقة لاس فيغاس الحضرية، الولايات المتحدة. انظر أيضًا قائمة أحداث يو إف سي يو إف سي في 2021 المراجع أحداث بطولة القتال النهائي في لاس فيغاس الرياضة في نيفادا في 2021 أحداث سبتمبر 2021 الرياضية في الولايات المتحدة أحداث في إنتربرايز (نيفادا) فنون القتال المختلطة في 2021 يو إف سي فايت نايت
54571649	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saber%20Hardani	Saber Hardani	Saber Hardani (born October 27, 1996) is an Iranian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Nassaji Mazandaran in the Persian Gulf Pro League. Club career Hardani started his career with Foolad's youth team, Foolad Khuzestan B F.C. In the winter of 2016 he joined the first team by Naeim Saadavi and signed a three and half year contract which will keep him with the club until 2018. Hardani made his debut on August 5, 2016 against Zob Ahan CSC, as a substitute for Ayoub Vali. Honours Foolad Hazfi Cup: 2020–21 Iranian Super Cup: 2021 Nassaji Hazfi Cup: 2021–22 Career statistics Club References 1996 births Living people Iranian men's footballers Foolad F.C. players F.C. Nassaji Mazandaran players Persian Gulf Pro League players People from Dezful Men's association football wingers Footballers from Khuzestan province
6051395	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87%20%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA	خوسيه بوستامينت	خوسيه بوستامينت هو مدرب كرة قدم ولاعب كرة قدم بوليفي، ولد في 5 مارس 1921 في بوليفيا. شارك مع منتخب بوليفيا لكرة القدم. أما مع النوادي، فقد لعب مع ليتورال. مراجع وصلات خارجية لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية بوليفيون مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية أشخاص يحتمل أن يكونوا أحياء لاعبو كأس أمريكا الجنوبية 1949 لاعبو كأس العالم 1950 لاعبو كرة قدم بوليفيون لاعبو ليتورال لاعبو منتخب بوليفيا لكرة القدم مواليد 1921 مواليد 1922 مواليد عقد 1920
9347277	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable%20energy%20in%20Germany	Renewable energy in Germany	Renewable energy in Germany is mainly based on wind and biomass, plus solar and hydro. Germany had the world's largest photovoltaic installed capacity until 2014, and as of 2021 it has over 58 GW. It is also the world's third country by installed total wind power capacity, 64 GW in 2021 (59 GW in 2018) and second for offshore wind, with over 7 GW. Germany has been called "the world's first major renewable energy economy". The share of renewable electricity rose from just 3.4% of gross electricity consumption in 1990, provided by conventional hydro, to exceed 10% by 2005 thanks to additional biomass and wind, and reaching 42.1% of consumption in 2019. As with most countries, the transition to renewable energy in the transport and heating and cooling sectors has been considerably slower. According to official figures, around 370,000 people were employed in the renewable energy sector in 2010, particularly in small and medium-sized companies. This is over twice the number of jobs in 2004 (160,500). About two-thirds of these jobs are attributed to the Renewable Energy Sources Act. Germany's federal government is working to increase renewable energy commercialization, with a particular focus on offshore wind farms. A major challenge is the development of sufficient network capacities for transmitting the power generated in the North Sea to the large industrial consumers in southern parts of the country. Germany's energy transition, the Energiewende, designates a significant change in energy policy from 2011. The term encompasses a reorientation of policy from supply to demand and a shift from centralized to distributed generation (for example, producing heat and power in very small cogeneration units), which should replace overproduction and avoidable energy consumption with energy-saving measures and increased efficiency. Targets Since the passage of the Directive on Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources in 1997, Germany and the other states of the European Union were working towards a target of 12% renewable electricity by 2010. Germany passed this target early in 2007, when the renewable energy share in electricity consumption in Germany reached 14%. In September 2010, the German government announced ambitious energy targets: After the 2013 elections, the new CDU/CSU and SPD coalition government continued the energy transition, with only minor modifications of its targets in the coalition agreement. These targets include, for renewable energy: The German Government reported, in 2011, renewable energy (mainly wind turbines and biomass plants) generated more than 123TWh of electricity, providing nearly 20% of the 603TWh of electricity supplied. By 2012, all renewable energy accounted for 21.9% of electricity, with wind turbines and photovoltaic providing 11.9% of the total. As of 2017, renewable sources account for 38% of the net electricity production. Compared to the same period of 2016, energy production from renewable energy sources increased from 182 TWh to 210 TWh. It marks the first year where solar and wind are the biggest source of energy. Power production from nuclear power plants decreased by 10%, due to maintenance. Use of hard coal decreased by 16%, while production from lignite stayed on a similar level and increased for gas by 2.6 TWh. The renewable installations have come under criticism as well. A balance made in 2017 has shown that whilst emissions in 2016 were 28 percent lower than 1990, the country was likely to fall short of its 2020 target of a 40 percent reduction on 1990 emission levels. The 40 percent reduction target of 2020 will not be met unless "spectacular" additional efforts are made. One significant reason why Germany may miss its 2020 target is because the country's electricity exports have been growing strongly in recent years to surpass France as Europe's largest electricity exporter. A recent study calculates that Germany exports the equivalent of the annual output from 7GW of lignite generation – producing 59 million tonnes of emissions in the process, a figure which accounts for around half of the shortfall in emissions it needs to meet its 2020 targets. Replacing the baseload power from fossil fuels has proven more challenging after nuclear power plants have been shut down although the proportion of electricity generated by coal for domestic use has been falling year on year. In July 2019, figures published by the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE) report that renewable energy is for the first time providing more electricity than coal and nuclear power combined in Germany. Solar, wind, biomass and hydroelectric power generates nearly half of the country's output. Times with negative prices increased as solar and wind power increased. Solar and wind power has low marginal cost, and other production sources with higher fuel costs become less competitive when demand and prices are low. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, solar power in Germany occasionally produced 32 gigawatt (GW). Solar, together with wind and other renewables, accounted for 78% of German power at one point. Primary energy consumption As of 2015 Germany's primary energy consumption of 13 218 petajoules or 3 672 terawatt-hours refers to the total energy used by the nation. The final renewable energy consumption, split by the sectors, and with their relative share, are: Electricity sector, with a renewable energy consumption of 31.5% (187.364 GWh) Heating sector, with a renewable energy consumption of 13.3% (158.662 GWh) Transportation sector, with a renewable energy consumption of 5.3% (33.611 GWh) As of the end of 2015, renewable energy sources, such as biomass, biogas, biofuels, hydro, wind and solar, accounted for 12.4% of the country's primary energy consumption, a more than doubling compared to 2004, when renewables only contributed 4.5%. Although the terms "energy" and "electricity" are often used interchangeably, they should not be confused with one another, as electricity is only one form of energy and does not account for the energy consumed by combustion engines and heat boilers, used in transportation by vehicles and for the heating of buildings. Sources A travel guide to renewable energy destinations in Germany was published in 2016. Wind power In 2013, wind power generated a total of 53.4 TWh of electricity and more than 3.2 GW of new capacity was added to the grid. In 2011, the country's installed capacity of wind power reached 29,075 megawatts (MW), about 8% of the overall capacity. According to EWEA, in a normal wind year, installed wind capacity in Germany will meet 10.6% at end 2011 and 9.3% at end 2010 of the German electricity needs. More than 21,607 wind turbines are located in the German federal area and the country has plans to build more. As of 2011, Germany's federal government is working on a new plan for increasing renewable energy commercialization, with a particular focus on offshore wind farms. A major challenge is the development of sufficient network capacities for transmitting the power generated in the North Sea to the large industrial consumers in southern Germany. In 2016, Germany decided to replace feed-in tariffs with auctions from 2017. Biomass The key provider of biomass supply in Germany is supposed to be agriculture. Moreover, 40% of German wood production is also used as a biomass feedstock. The German Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products claims that there are also reserves which may assist in enlarging the part of forestry in biomass production. Agriculture is the main source of rapeseed oil, which is used for the production of biodiesel and making substrates for the production of biogas. Biomass used for the production of biogas and biofuels are some of Germany's most important sources of renewable energy. In 2010, biomass accounted for 30% of renewable electricity generation and for 70% of all renewable energy (mostly wood). Germany has committed to blending 6.25% biofuels in petroleum by 2014 with the Biofuels Quota Act. Photovoltaic solar power Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology generates electricity from sunlight, and it can be used in grid-connected and off-grid applications. They were first mass-produced in the year 2000, when German environmentalists and Eurosolar have succeeded in obtaining the government support for the 100,000 roofs program. In July 2012, a cumulative installed total solar PV power of 29.7 GW was in place. Solar PV provided 18 TW·h in 2011, 3% of the total electricity demand. As solar power installations rise quickly, in first half of 2012, about 5.3% of the total electricity demand was covered by solar power. On Saturday 25 May 2012, solar power broke a new record high, feeding 22 GW into the power grid, or as much as 20 nuclear power stations. This jump above the 20 GW level was due to increased capacity and excellent weather conditions countrywide, and made up for half of the nation's electricity demand at midday. Germany was also the biggest expanding market for solar PV 2012, with 7.6 GW of newly connected systems. Some market analysts expect the solar electricity share could reach 25% by 2050. Price of PV systems has decreased more than 50% in 5 years since 2006. Hydroelectricity The total installed hydroelectric capacity in Germany at the end of 2006 was 4.7 GW. Hydropower meets 3.5% of the electricity demand. Latest estimates show, in Germany in 2007, about 9,400 people were employed in the hydropower sector which generated a total turnover of €1.23 billion. Geothermal power Geothermal power in Germany is expected to grow, mainly because of a law that benefits the production of geothermal electricity and guarantees a feed-in tariff. But after a renewable energy law that introduced a tariff scheme of (US$0.23) per kilowatt-hour (kWh) for electricity produced from geothermal sources came into effect that year, a construction boom was sparked and the new power plants are now starting to come online. Industry Germany's renewable energy sector is among the most innovative and successful worldwide. Enercon, Nordex, REpower Systems, Siemens, and Fuhrländer are wind-power companies based in Germany. Every third solar panel and every second wind rotor in Germany are German, and German turbines and generators used in hydro energy generation are among the most popular worldwide. Nearly 800,000 people work in the German environment technology sector; an estimated 214,000 people work with renewables in Germany, up from 157,000 in 2004, an increase of 36%. Estimated German jobs in renewable energy in 2012–2013 were about 370,000. Siemens chief executive Peter Löscher believes Germany's target of generating 35% of its electricity from renewables by 2020 is achievable – and, most probably, profitable for Europe's largest engineering company. Its "environmental solutions" portfolio, which is firmly focused on renewables, is "already generating more than €27 billion a year, 35 per cent of Siemens’ total revenue, and the plan is to grow this to €40 billion by 2015". Ending its involvement in nuclear industry will boost the credibility of Siemens as a purveyor of "green technology". Germany's main competitors in solar electricity are Japan, the US, and China. In the wind industry, it is Denmark, Spain, and the US. Government policy The renewable energy sector benefited when the Alliance '90/The Greens party joined the federal government between 1998 and 2005. Support for renewable energy continued to some degree under the following governments, regardless of composition, including the current CDU/CSU and SPD coalition government starting in 2018 but did not prevent the collapse of German solar panel production. The renewable energy sector was aided initially by the Renewable Energy Sources Act that promotes renewable energy mainly by stipulating feed-in tariffs and recently also market premiums that grid operators must pay for renewable energy fed into the power grid; these premiums were reduced under governments without Green party participation. People who produce renewable energy can sell their 'product' at fixed prices for a period of 20 or 15 years. This has created a surge in the production of renewable energy. In 2012, Siemens estimated the total cost of renewable energy would come to at least €1.4 trillion (US$1.8 trillion) by 2030. For the 2011–2014 period, the federal government set aside 3.5 billion euros for scientific research in the country. Additionally, in 2001 a law was passed requiring the closing of all nuclear power plants within a period of 32 years. The shutdown time was extended to 2040 by a new government in 2010. After the Fukushima incident, the law was abrogated and the end of nuclear energy was set to 2022. After the 2013 federal elections, the new CDU/CSU and SPD coalition in important areas continued the Energiewende of the previous government, but also agreed on a major revision of the EEG. The German energy policy is framed within the European Union, and the March 2007 European Council in Brussels approved a mandatory energy plan that requires a 20% reduction of carbon dioxide emissions before the year 2020 and the consumption of renewable energies to be 20% of total EU consumption (compared to 7% in 2006). The accord indirectly acknowledged the role of nuclear energy — which is not commonly regarded as renewable, but emissions-free — in the reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases, allowing each member state to decide whether or not to use nuclear-generated electricity. Also, a compromise was reached to achieve a minimum quota of 10% biofuels in the total consumption of gasoline and diesel in transport in 2020. Energy transition Energiewende ("energy transition") designates a significant change in energy policy: The term encompasses a reorientation of policy from demand to supply and a shift from centralized to distributed generation (for example, producing heat and power in very small cogeneration units), which should replace overproduction and avoidable energy consumption with energy-saving measures and increased efficiency. The key policy document outlining the Energiewende was published by the German government in September 2010, some six months before the Fukushima nuclear accident. In addition, there will be an associated research and development drive. Legislative support was passed in September 2010. Important aspects include: The policy has been embraced by the German federal government and has resulted in a huge expansion of renewables, particularly wind power. Germany's share of renewables has increased from around 5% in 1999 to 22.9% in 2012, reaching close to the OECD average of 18% usage of renewables. Producers have been guaranteed a fixed feed-in tariff for 20 years, guaranteeing a fixed income. Energy co-operatives have been created, and efforts were made to decentralize control and profits. The large energy companies have a disproportionately small share of the renewables market. Nuclear power plants were closed, and the existing nine plants will close earlier than planned, in 2022. In May 2013, the International Energy Agency commended Germany for its commitment to developing a comprehensive energy transition strategy, ambitious renewable energy goals, and plans to increase efficient energy use and supported this approach. Nevertheless, the scale of Germany's energy policy ambitions, coupled with the large size and energy intensity of its economy, and its central location in Europe's energy system, mean further policy measures must be developed if the country's ambitious energy transition is to maintain a workable balance between sustainability, affordability, and competitiveness. Subsidies aimed at stimulating the growth of renewables have driven up consumer energy prices by 12.5% in 2013. To date, German consumers have absorbed the costs of the Energiewende, but the IEA says the debate over the social and economic impacts of the new approach has become more prominent as the share of renewable energy has continued to grow alongside rising electricity prices. The transition to a low-carbon energy sector requires public acceptance, and, therefore, retail electricity prices must remain at an affordable level. Presently, German electricity prices are among the highest in Europe, despite relatively low wholesale prices. At the same time, the IEA said the new energy policy is based on long-term investment decisions, and a strong policy consensus in Germany in favour of large-scale renewable energy commercialisation exists. The Energiewende has been subject to a number of computer studies. Most concentrate on electricity generation and consumption as this sector is undergoing a rapid transition in terms of technologies and institutions. Ownership In Germany, almost half of renewable power capacity was citizen-owned as of 2013, and about 20 million Germans lived in so-called 100% renewable energy regions. Statistics Increases in installed renewable electric power capacity and generation in recent years is shown in the charts and table below: Public opinion According to a 2017 national survey conducted for the German Renewable Energies Agency, of 1016 respondents 95% supported further expanding renewable energy. Almost two-thirds of the interviewees agreed to renewable power plants close to their homes, with the support increasing further if respondents already had experience with such plants in their neighborhood. With solar farms it increased from 72 to 94%, with wind power from 57 to 69%, and with biofuels from 39 to 56%. See also References External links European Commission National Renewable Energy Action Plans European Commission renewable energy Progress Reports European Commission National Energy Efficiency Energy Action Plans External links 2011 Renewable Energy Sources in Figures from the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety – Renewable Energy For German Homeowners, Renewable Energy is No Longer a Choice Climate, Energy, and Environment Overview from the German Department of State Official site about renewable Energy in the Emscher-Lippe-Region
6027167	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%20%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%8A	سارا خورخي	سارا خورخي هي مغنية وكاتبة غنائية بريطانية، ولدت في 31 أغسطس 1978. مراجع وصلات خارجية إنجليز من أصل قبرصي كتاب أغان إنجليز مغنون إنجليز في القرن 21 مغنيات إنجليزيات في القرن 21 مغنيات بوب إنجليزيات مواليد 1978
7709271	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%20%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%20%28%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9%29	بلوك باستر (شركة)	بلوك باستر (شركة) بلوك باستر كانت موفرًا أمريكيًا لخدمات تأجير الأفلام وألعاب الفيديو المنزلية. تم تقديم الخدمات بشكل أساسي في متاجر تأجير الفيديو، ولكن البدائل اللاحقة شملت دي في دي عبر البريد، البث، الفيديو حسب الطلب، ومسرح السينما. كانت تعرف سابقًا باسم بلوك باستر إنترتينمنت (Blockbuster Entertainment Inc) توسعت الشركة دوليًا طوال التسعينيات. في ذروتها عام 2004، كانت بلوك باستر تتكون من 9,094 متجرًا ووظفت ما يقرب من 84,300 شخصًا في جميع أنحاء العالم - 58,500 في الولايات المتحدة و25,800 في بلدان أخرى. القيادة السيئة والمنافسة من خدمة طلب البريد من نتفليكس وأكشاك ريد بوكس الآلية والفيديو حسب الطلب من العوامل الرئيسية التي أدت إلى زوال بلوك باستر في نهاية المطاف. بدأت الشركة تخسر إيرادات كبيرة خلال أواخر العقد الأول من القرن الحالي، وقدمت الشركة حماية من الإفلاس في عام 2010. في العام التالي، تم شراء 1700 متجرًا متبقيًا من قبل مزود شبكة الأقمار الصناعية دش نيتورك. بحلول أوائل عام 2014، تم إغلاق آخر 300 متجر مملوك للشركة. في حين تم إيقاف العلامة التجارية بلوك باستر في الغالب، حافظت دش نيتورك على عدد صغير من اتفاقيات امتياز بلوك باستر، والتي سمحت لبعض المتاجر المملوكة بشكل خاص بالبقاء مفتوحة في جميع أنحاء العالم. حصل هذا بعد سلسلة من عمليات الإغلاق مع أحدثها في غرب أستراليا في عام 2019، بقي متجر واحد فقط مفتوح في بيند بولاية أوريغون. العمليات الدولية المملكة المتحدة افتتح أول فرع لبلوك باسترفي المملكة المتحدة عام 1989 من خلال شراء سلسلة ريتز فيديو التي كانت تضم 875 متجر. وفي عام 2013 وصل عدد متاجر بلوك باستر في المملكة المتحدة إلى 528 متجراً، لكنها واجهت صعوبات مالية بسبب المنافسة. وفي عام 2013 أعلنت الشركة إفلاسها وإغلاق جميع متاجرها في المملكة المتحدة. أستراليا افتتح أول فرع لبلوك باستر في أستراليا عام 1991 في ملبورن. وفي عام 1992 دخلت الشركة في مشروع مشترك مع فيرجن لافتتاح أكبر متاجر الموسيقى في سيدني وملبورن وأديليد. وفي عام 2019 أغلق آخر فرع لبلوك باستر في أستراليا في مدينة مورلي غرب أستراليا. البرازيل اشترت شركة المتاجر الأمريكية البرازيلية نصف أسهم بلوك باستر البرازيلية عام 2007 وأطلقت عليها اسم "أمريكاناس إكسبريس بلوكبستر". وكانت الشركة تمتلك 127 متجراً في البرازيل آنذاك. كندا كانت بلوك باستر كندا تعمل بشكل مستقل حتى عام 2011 عندما أعلنت إفلاسها بسبب المنافسة. وتم إغلاق جميع متاجرها والبالغ عددها 146 متجراً. ألمانيا دخلت بلوك باستر السوق الألمانية في تسعينيات القرن الماضي وافتتحت 20 فرعاً في برلين وميونخ، لكنها انسحبت من السوق الألمانية بحلول عام 1997. المكسيك تم تحويل جميع فروع بلوك باستر في المكسيك والبالغ عددها 263 فرعاً إلى سلسلة متاجر The B Store عام 2015، وأغلقت جميع متاجر The B Store بحلول عام 2016. اليابان دخلت بلوك باستر السوق اليابانية في بداية تسعينيات القرن الماضي وافتتحت 32 فرعاً بحلول عام 1996. لكنها انسحبت من السوق اليابانية في عام 1999. بلوك باستر ضد المنافسين بلوكباستر - لم يفهم التكنولوجيا. كانت Blockbuster عبارة عن سلسلة من متاجر تأجير الفيديو المشهورة في الثمانينيات والتسعينيات. يمكن للعملاء الذهاب إلى متجر Blockbuster ، وتصفح مجموعة مختارة من الأفلام والبرامج التلفزيونية ، واستئجار قرص DVD أو شريط VHS مادي لمشاهدته في المنزل. عرضت Blockbuster أيضًا خدمة تأجير الطلبات عبر البريد ، حيث يمكن للعملاء طلب الأفلام عبر الإنترنت وتسليمها إلى منازلهم. في بدايتها ، كانت "Blockbuster" واحدة من أكثر العلامات التجارية شهرة في العالم ، مع أكثر من 5000 متجر تأجير في الولايات المتحدة وحدها وأكثر من 84000 عامل في عام 2004. ومع ذلك ، على الرغم من توفر الموارد والتمويل ، فقد تقدموا في النهاية للحصول على الإفلاس في عام 2010. المنظمات التي لا تستخدم أو تخطط لاستخدام تقنيات مبتكرة ، مثل الذكاء الاصطناعي (AI) ، والتعلم الآلي (ML) وفهم اللغة الطبيعية (NLU) ، ستنضم حتمًا ، مع توفير الوقت الكافي ، إلى خط المفلسين مثل Blockbusters. تمنحك التكنولوجيا ميزة وتفتح فرصًا وخطوط أعمال جديدة لم يتم استكشافها أو إتاحتها لأسباب عديدة - مثل التكاليف أو الربحية. سوف يدرك منافسوك في مساحة السوق المشبعة هذه الفوائد ويوسعون إيراداتهم ومجال عملياتهم. لم تدرك شركة Blockbuster أن التكنولوجيا هي جوهر كل مؤسسة ودفعت الثمن الأعلى. Netflix - استفاد من التكنولوجيا. من ناحية أخرى ، Netflix هي خدمة بث تتيح للعملاء مشاهدة الأفلام والبرامج التلفزيونية عبر الإنترنت على جهاز كمبيوتر أو أجهزة مختلفة مثل أجهزة التلفزيون والأجهزة اللوحية والهواتف الذكية. بدأت Netflix في الأصل كخدمة تأجير أقراص DVD شبيهة بخدمة Blockbuster ، لكنها تطورت بسرعة إلى خدمة بث مع تحسن تقنية دفق الفيديو. بعبارات بسيطة ، تبنت Netflix نموذج عمل مناسبًا مدعومًا بالتكنولوجيا. لقد أدركوا الشبكات سريعة النمو - النطاق العريض متوفر في أعداد متزايدة من الأسر. بعد ذلك ، يمكن للمشتركين مشاهدة ما يريدون ، وقتما يريدون وعلى أكبر عدد ممكن من الأجهزة في منازلهم أو أثناء التنقل. الآن يستخدمون الذكاء الاصطناعي باعتباره العمود الفقري لعملياتهم ويعززون تجربة المستخدم (UX) من خلال التوصية بقائمة الأفلام المرغوبة. إعلان مضلل في عام 2005، أطلقت بلوك باستر حملة تسويقية تصف التغييرات في سياسة الرسوم المتأخرة وتعرض "لا رسوم متأخرة" على الإيجارات. أثارت الحملة تحقيقات واتهامات بالتضليل في 48 ولاية ومقاطعة كولومبيا. اتهمت الحكومات شركة بلوك باستر بفرض رسوم كاملة على الإيجارات المتأخرة ورسوم إعادة المخزون على الإيجارات المعادة بعد 30 يومًا. وافقت الشركة على تعويض الولايات عن تكاليف التحقيق، وتوضيح الاتصال للعملاء بشأن شروط البرنامج، وتقديم التعويض للعملاء الذين تم فرض رسوم عليهم قبل التوضيح. انظر أيضًا نيتفليكس مراجع انحلالات سنة 2014 في كندا حقوق امتياز خدمات تأجير الفيديو شركات أدرجت سابقا في بورصة نيويورك شركات أمريكية أسست في 1985 شركات تجارة التجزئة أسست في 1985 شركات تجارة التجزئة سابقة في الولايات المتحدة شركات تجارة التجزئة سابقة في كندا شركات فيديو منزلي في الولايات المتحدة شركات كندية أسست في 1990 شركات مقرها في دالاس شركات مقرها في ماككيني (تكساس) شركات سابقة مقرها في تكساس عمليات الدمج والاستحواذ 1994 عمليات الدمج والاستحواذ 2012
5367224	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%20%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%20%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%20%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86	هارولد برنارد سانت جون	هارولد برنارد سانت جون هو سياسي باربادوسي، ولد في 16 أغسطس 1931 في باربادوس، وتوفي في 29 فبراير 2004 في نفس البلد. حزبياً، نشط في حزب العمال. وقد انتخب . مراجع أشخاص من كنيسة المسيح أعضاء مجلس شيوخ باربادوس خريجو كلية لندن الجامعية رؤساء وزراء باربادوس قادة حزب العمال في باربادوس مواليد 1931 نواب رؤساء وزراء باربادوس وزراء مالية باربادوس وفيات 2004 وفيات السرطان في باربادوس
59339685	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Rieger%20%28boxer%29	Peter Rieger (boxer)	Peter Rieger (boxer) Peter Rieger (born 5 January 1944) is a German boxer. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1968 Summer Olympics. References 1944 births Living people German male boxers Olympic boxers for East Germany Boxers at the 1968 Summer Olympics People from Nysa, Poland Sportspeople from Opole Voivodeship Lightweight boxers
38954967	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren%20Woody	Warren Woody	Warren Woody Warren V. Woody Sr. (October 13, 1897 – December 21, 1982) was an American football coach. He was the head football coach at Sterling College in Sterling, Kansas for three seasons, from 1922 to 1924 compiling a record of 17–7–2. Woody played for the Kansas Jayhawks in Lawrence, Kansas, lettering in 1916, 1917, and 1920. He was instrumental among alumni in establishing a recurring and philanthropic connection between his alma mater and the state of Illinois. He died in Skokie, Illinois in 1982 after an illness. Head coaching record References 1897 births 1982 deaths Kansas Jayhawks football players Sterling Warriors football coaches People from Sterling, Kansas
5416918	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%20%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8	فريدريك كوب	فريدريك كوب هو سياسي بريطاني (وحمل سابقاً جنسية المملكة المتحدة لبريطانيا العظمى وأيرلندا)، ولد في 11 فبراير 1901، وتوفي في 27 مارس 1950. حزبياً، نشط في حزب العمال. في ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ38 عن دائرة (5 يوليو 1945 – 3 فبراير 1950) وفي ، انتخب عضو برلمان المملكة المتحدة الـ39 عن دائرة (23 فبراير 1950 – 27 مارس 1950). مراجع أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1945–50 أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1950–51 بحارة بريطانيون شخصيات إذاعة بريطانيون مواليد 1901 نواب حزب العمال البريطاني عن الدوائر الانتخابية الإنجليزية وفيات 1950
3064938	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%20%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%20%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9	منتخب سوريا لكرة السلة	منتخب سوريا لكرة السلة هو ممثل سوريا الرسمي في المنافسات الدولية في كرة السلة. يدار من قبل الاتحاد العربي السوري لكرة السلة. البطولات التي شارك فيها بطولة آسيا لكرة السلة مراجع انظر أيضا تأسيسات سنة 1948 في سوريا كرة سلة في سوريا منتخب سوريا الوطني لكرة السلة منتخبات رياضية وطنية أسست في 1948 منتخبات كرة السلة منتخبات كرة سلة وطنية رجالية منتخبات وطنية سورية
36058569	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20H.%20Guenther	Frank H. Guenther	Frank H. Guenther (born April 18, 1964, Kansas City, MO) is an American computational and cognitive neuroscientist whose research focuses on the neural computations underlying speech, including characterization of the neural bases of communication disorders and development of brain–computer interfaces for communication restoration. He is currently a professor of speech, language, and hearing sciences and biomedical engineering at Boston University. Education Frank Guenther received a B.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Missouri in Columbia (1986), graduating summa cum laude and ranking first overall in the College of Engineering. He received an M.S. in electrical engineering from Princeton University (1987) and a Ph.D. in cognitive and neural systems from Boston University (1993). Professional In 1992, Guenther joined the faculty of the Cognitive & Neural Systems Department at Boston University, receiving tenure in 1998. In 2010 he became associate director of the graduate program for neuroscience and director of the computational neuroscience PhD specialization at Boston University. He joined the Department of Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences at BU that same year. In addition to his Boston University appointments, Guenther was a research affiliate in the Research Laboratory of Electronics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1998 to 2011, and in 2011 he became a research affiliate in the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory at MIT. Since 1998 he has been a member of the Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology PhD program in the Harvard University – MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and since 2003 he has been a visiting scientist in the Department of Radiology at Massachusetts General Hospital. Guenther has given numerous keynote and distinguished lectures worldwide and has authored over 55 refereed journal articles concerning the neural bases of speech and motor control as well as brain–computer interface technology. Research Frank Guenther's research is aimed at uncovering the neural computations underlying the processing of speech by the human brain. He is the originator of the Directions Into Velocities of Articulators (DIVA) model, which is currently the leading model of the neural computations underlying speech production. This model mathematically characterizes the computations performed by each brain region involved in speech production as well as the function of the interconnections between these regions. The model has been supported by a wide range of experimental tests of model predictions, including electromagnetic articulometry studies investigating speech movements, auditory perturbation studies involving modification of a speaker's feedback of his/her own speech in real time, and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of brain activity during speech, though some parts of the model remain to be experimentally verified. The DIVA model has been used to investigate the neural underpinnings of a number of communication disorders, including stuttering apraxia of speech, and hearing-impaired speech. In addition to computational modeling and experimental research investigating the neural bases of speech, Guenther directs the Boston University Neural Prosthesis Laboratory, which focuses on the development of technologies that can decode the brain signals of profoundly paralyzed individuals, particularly those with locked-in syndrome, in order to control external devices such as speech synthesizers, mobile robots, and computers. Guenther's team received widespread press coverage in 2009, when they developed a brain–computer interface for real-time speech synthesis that allowed locked-in patient Erik Ramsey to produce vowel sounds in collaboration with Dr. Philip Kennedy (inventor of the neurotrophic electrode used in the study) and Dr. Jonathan Brumberg. He has also made headlines for his research into non-invasive brain–computer interfaces for communication. In 2011, Guenther founded the Unlock Project, a non-profit project aimed at providing free brain–computer interface technology to patients with locked-in syndrome. Media Frank Guenther's research has been covered extensively in the science and mainstream media, including television spots on CNN News, PBS NewsHour, and Fox News; articles in popular science magazines Nature News, New Scientist, Discover, and Scientific American; and mainstream media coverage in Esquire, Wired, The Boston Globe, MSNBC, and BBC News. References External links Frank Guenther's homepage The Boston University Speech Lab homepage The Boston University Neural Prosthesis Lab homepage The Boston University Graduate Program for Neuroscience The Boston University PhD Program in Computational Neuroscience The Unlock Project How The Brain Produces Language - And What Can Go Wrong, Video, 49:10 1964 births Living people American neuroscientists University of Missouri alumni Fellows of the Acoustical Society of America Boston University faculty Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni Boston University alumni
6475917	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%20%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2	غابور إيهاز	غابور إيهاز (و. ) هو مغني، وملحن، وعازف قيثارة، ولاعب كرة قدم مجري، ولد في بودابست، توفي في بودابست، عن عمر يناهز 43 عاماً. مراجع مواليد 1946 وفيات 1989
6441191	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2830319%29%202000%20JT16	(30319) 2000 JT16	(30319) 2000 JT16 2000 جاي تي 16 (ويعرف أيضًا باسم (30319) 2000 جاي تي 16 وفق تسمية الكوكب الصغير) ؛ هو كويكب ضمن حزام الكويكبات. اكتُشف هذا الجُرم الفلكي بواسطة بحث لنكولن عن الكويكبات القريبة من الأرض في 5 مايو 2000، وترتيبه 30319 من حيث الاكتشاف. الوصف اكتُشف في 5 مايو 2000 في مرصد ماغدالينا ريدج، الواقع في مقاطعة سوكورو، نيومكسيكو في الولايات المتحدة، بواسطة مشروع بحث لنكولن عن الكويكبات القريبة من الأرض . وقد رصد المشروع 2,177 مشاهدة للكويكب إلى غاية 5 فبراير 2022 بتوقيت منطقة المحيط الهادئ، أي في مدة قدرها 9,655 يومًا (26.5 عام). تستغرق الفترة المدارية للكويكب 1,840 يومًا (5 عام). الخصائص المدارية يتميز مدار هذا الكويكب بنصف محور رئيسي يبلغ 2.94 وحدة فلكية، وحضيض قدره 2.82 وحدة فلكية، وانحراف قدره 0.0402 وزاوية ميلان 8.69 درجة بالنسبة لمسار الشمس. بسبب هذه الخصائص، أي نصف المحور الرئيسي بين 2 و3.2 وحدة فلكية وحضيض أكبر من 1,666 وحدة فلكية، يُصنف هذا الجُرم الفلكي وفقًا لقاعدة بيانات مختبر الدفع النفاث لأجرام النظام الشمسي الصغيرة كائنًا من حزام الكويكبات الرئيسي. الخصائص الفيزيائية يُقدر القدر المطلق (H) لـ بـ13.65 ووضاءته بـ0.280، مما يمكِّن تقدير قطره بـ 6.023كم. استُخلصت هذه النتائج بفضل ملاحظات مستكشف الأشعة تحت الحمراء عريض المجال (WISE)، وهو مرصد فضائي أمريكي وُضع في المدار في عام 2009 ويراقب السماء بأكملها بالأشعة تحت الحمراء، في عام 2011، نُشرت النتائج الأولى المتعلقة بالكويكبات من الحزام الرئيسي. انظر أيضًا قائمة الكواكب الصغيرة المراجع وصلات خارجية اكتشافات بحث لينكون للكويكبات القريبة من الأرض أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 2000 حزام الكويكبات كواكب صغيرة مسماة
1561797	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%B4%D8%A7	تشانغشا	تشانغشا هي عاصمة هونان، في جنوب وسط الصين، وتقع على المجرى السفلي لـنهر شيانغ، وهو أحد فروع نهر يانغتسي. وتغطي بلديتها مساحة 11819 كيلومتر مربع، ووفقًا لـتعداد 2010، يبلغ عدد سكانها 7044118 نسمة. التاريخ ظلت مدينة تشانغشا مدينة مهمة منذ عصر أسرة تشين (221–207 قبل الميلاد). وبين عامي 750-1100 م كانت تشانغشا مدينة تجارية هامة، وازداد عدد سكانها بشكل كبير. وفي ظل حكم مملكة تشينغ، منذ عام 1664، كانت عاصمة مقاطعة هونان كما كانت سوقًا رئيسية للـأرز. وقد حوصرت المدينة خلال تمرد التايبينغ ولكنها لم تسقط أبدًا في أيديهم. وكانت مدينة تشانغشا هي موقع اعتناق ماو تسي تونغ (Mao Zedong) للـشيوعية. كما أنها كانت مسرحًا لمعارك كبرى في الحرب اليابانية الصينية الثانية بين عامي 1937-45 واحتلتها اليابانيون لفترة قصيرة. وأعيد بناؤها منذ عام 1949، وتعد المدينة في الوقت الحالي أحد الموانئ الرئيسية الداخلية وأحد المراكز التجارية والصناعية. المناخ يظهر الجدول التالي التغييرات المناخية على مدار السنة لتشانغشا: توأمة لتشانغشا اتفاقيات توأمة مع كل من: أريتسو آوغسبورغ فريبورغ كاغوشيما (30 أكتوبر 1982 - ) كيمبرلي سانت بول أعلام زهو رونغجي تشنغ وينشان لى شياو بنغ تان دن لاي تشانغ لين بياو هدسون تايلور السيدة داي المراجع ‌ أماكن مأهولة أسست في الألفية الأولى قبل الميلاد عواصم مقاطعات الصين مدن الغابات الوطنية في الصين مدن خونان
56180267	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atwan%20Al%20Atwani	Atwan Al Atwani	Atwan Al Atwani Atwan al-Atwani is an Iraqi politician and governor of Baghdad Governorate. Biography Al Atwani was born in Baghdad in 1973. He holds an engineering degree. He was elected in 2017 to become Governor of Baghdad Governorate. References Governors of Baghdad Governorate Iraqi politicians Iraqi soldiers Living people 1973 births Politicians from Baghdad Iraqi Shia Muslims
5505258	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%20%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA	دي ستيرلينغ	دي ستيرلينغ هو لاعب كرة القدم الكندية كندي، ولد في 3 فبراير 1986 في كينغستون في كندا. انظر أيضا دوني رويز دوين فورد ديريك أرمسترونغ (لاعب كرة قدم كندية) ديريل روبرتسون ديف إيزلي مراجع أشخاص على قيد الحياة رياضيون من كينغستون (أونتاريو) لاعبو إدمنتون اسكيموس لاعبو كرة القدم الكندية من أونتاريو مدافعو خط كرة قدم كنديون مواليد 1986
3062037	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBC%204	MBC 4	MBC 4 is a television channel in the Middle East. It was launched on 1 February 2005 at 5:00 P.M. (GMT) and is owned by the Middle East Broadcasting Center. MBC 4 airs international programmes with Arabic language subtitles. Programming is targeted towards women. History MBC 4 was a spin-off of MBC 2 that began airing on 1 February 2005. Originally intended to provide Western news and entertainment to liberal adults, MBC 4 later transitioned to concentrate on women viewers. Programming on MBC 4 is supported by advertising. Its tagline is "So You can Watch What They Watch". Programming MBC 4 airs series and talk shows from the United States, Turkey, United Kingdom, and Australia, subtitled in Arabic. Kissing scenes are typically edited out of programs from other countries. Some programmes that have aired on MBC4 include 3rd Rock from the Sun, Seinfeld, The Early Show, Jeopardy!, Days of Our Lives, Two and a Half Men, America's Got Talent, American Idol, Oprah, Friends, So You Think You Can Dance, The Late Show with David Letterman, The Talk, The Dr. Oz Show, The Vampire Diaries, Ringer, and Desperate Housewives. It broadcast the Turkish soap operas Kiraz Mevsimi and Nour; however, airing of Turkish programmes was suspended in 2018 due to political tensions between Arab states and Turkey. MBC 4 also airs original Arabic programmes. , the reality TV show Stars of Science has aired on MBC 4 for 14 seasons. MBC 4 aired a version of The X Factor for the Arab world. In 2022, MBC 4 aired the original series Stiletto. See also MTV Middle East List of Turkish films Television in Turkey List of Turkish television series Turkish television drama MBC Group Television in the United Arab Emirates References External links MBC 4 at Telebisyon.net Wanasah Free-to-air Arab mass media Television channels and stations established in 2005 Middle East Broadcasting Center Women's interest channels Women's mass media
70328752	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%20in%20Ukraine	1997 in Ukraine	1997 in Ukraine Events in the year 1997 in Ukraine. Incumbents President: Leonid Kuchma Prime Minister: Pavlo Lazarenko (until 2 July), Vasyl Durdynets (from 2 July until 30 July), Valeriy Pustovoitenko (from 30 July) Events 28 May – The Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet was signed between Russia and Ukraine. Date unknown Ukrainian Processing Center is founded. Deaths Oksana Ivanenko, children's writer and translator (17 December) References Ukraine Ukraine 1990s in Ukraine Years of the 20th century in Ukraine
13652080	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot%20harvester	Carrot harvester	Carrot harvester A Carrot Harvester is an agricultural machine for harvesting carrots. Carrot harvesters are either top lifters or share lifters and may be tractor mounted, trailed behind a tractor or self-propelled. The machine typically harvests between one and six rows of carrots at once. Operation The two types of harvesters differ in how they get the carrots from the ground. Top lifting harvesters Top lifters use rubber belts to grab the green tops of the carrot plant and pull them from the soil. A share pushes under the carrot root and loosens the plant. The belt takes the carrots, with tops, in to the machine where the tops are cut off and sent along a waste path and dropped back on to the field. Share lifting harvesters A share lifter uses a share to get the carrots out of the ground from underneath. The machine must be preceded by a topper to cut the green tops off the carrot plants. The carrots travel along a longer web to separate out the soil. Cleaning and collection The carrot roots travel along one or more webs to remove most of the soil attached to the carrot. The carrots are collected either in a storage tank on the machine (called a "Bunker") or in a trailer pulled alongside the machine by another tractor. References External links Agricultural machinery Harvesters Carrot
6058509	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%20%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84	درو كوبل	درو كوبل هو أمريكي، ولد في 18 ديسمبر 1947 في برلنغتون في الولايات المتحدة. مراجع أشخاص على قيد الحياة أشخاص من برلنغتون (كارولاينا الشمالية) أعلام كرة قاعدة من كارولاينا الشمالية جنود القوات الجوية الأمريكية وضباط صفها حكام دوري كرة القاعدة الرئيسي خريجو جامعة إيلون رياضيون من برلنغتون (كارولاينا الشمالية) رياضيون من كارولاينا الشمالية مواليد 1947
6211417	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7	ماريكا	ماريكا هي كاتبة غنائية ومغنية بولندية، ولدت في 14 ديسمبر 1980 في بياويستوك في بولندا. مراجع وصلات خارجية أشخاص من بياويستوك رومان كاثوليك بولنديون مغنو بوب بولنديون مغنون باللغة الإنجليزية من بولندا مغنون بولنديون في القرن 21 مغنون وكتاب أغان بولنديون مغنيات بولنديات مغنيات في القرن 21 مواليد 1980 مغنو دانسهول مغنيات بولنديات في القرن 21 مغنو ريغي بولنديون فنانون مرتبطون ببياويستوك
5155426	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%20%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B2	جايمي سانشيز	جايمي سانشيز هو ممثل أمريكي، ولد في 19 ديسمبر 1938 في الولايات المتحدة. من الجوائز التي نالها جائزة المسرح العالمي سنة 1965. أعمال أفلام (1969) العصابة البرية (1977) بوبي ديرفيلد (1985) إنفيجن يو إس آيه جوائز جائزة المسرح العالمي (1965) مراجع وصلات خارجية مسرحيون بورتوريكيون ممثلو أفلام بورتوريكيون ممثلو تلفزيون بورتوريكيون مواليد 1938
1069428	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisba	Nisba	Nisba The Arabic word nisba (also transcribed as nisbah or nisbat) may refer to: Nisba, a suffix used to form adjectives in Arabic grammar, or the adjective resulting from this formation comparatively, in Afro-Asiatic: see Afroasiatic_languages#nisba Nisba (onomastics), a nisba used as an element in an Arabic name
18920544	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Shchetinina	Anna Shchetinina	Anna Shchetinina Anna Ivanovna Shchetinina (26 February 1908 – 25 September 1999) was a Soviet merchant marine sailor who became the world's first woman to serve as a captain of an ocean-going vessel. Shchetinina was born at the Okeanskaya Station near Vladivostok in a family of a railway switchman. In 1925 she entered the navigation department of the Vladivostok Marine School. After graduation she worked with a shipping company in Kamchatka Peninsula, where she started as an Ordinary Seaman (or, rather, "Seawoman"), and rose to a captain. At the age of 24 she received her navigator's license (qualifying her for a position equivalent to a Second Mate in the Western merchant marines), and at 27 became the world's first female captain of an ocean-going ship. She attracted international attention on her first voyage as a captain (in 1935), as a young woman in charge of MV Chavycha on its journey from Hamburg (where it had just been purchased) to the Russian Far East around Europe, Africa, and Asia. On 20 March 1938 Shchetinina became the first chief manager of the Vladivostok fishing port. Later the same year, however, she went back to school, now at Leningrad Ship Transport Institute. She participated in World War II in the Baltic, where her ship was evacuating people from Tallinn and transporting war cargoes under enemy bombardment. Later during the war she was the master of a Liberty ship moving Lend-Lease supplies across the Pacific from the USA to Soviet Far Eastern ports. After the War Ms. Shchetinina served as the captain of MV Askold, Baskunchak, Beloostrov, Dniester, Pskov, and Mendeleev of the Soviet Baltic Shipping Company. Since in 1949 she taught in the Leningrad Marine Engineering College (Ленинградское высшее инженерно-морское училище); in 1951 she became a senior instructor there, and later, the Dean of the Institute's Navigation Department. In 1956 she was granted the title of docent. In 1960 she accepted the position of a docent (associate professor) at the Department of Sea Craft" (Морское дело]) at Vladivostok Marine Engineering and Navigation College. Anna Ivanovna Shchetinina was awarded the medal of the Hero of Socialist Labor, which was one of the two highest awards of the USSR. She was also honored as a Distinguished Worker of the Merchant Marine an honorary citizen of Vladivostok, an honorary member of the Far-Eastern Association of Shipmasters and The International Federation of Shipmasters' Associations (IFSMA), and received a number of other national and international awards. She published a book entitled On the Seas and Beyond the Seas, and was admitted as a member into the Union of Russian Writers. A monument in honor of Shchetinina has been erected in the old Maritime Cemetery in Vladivostok. On 20 October 2006 Cape Shchetinina on the shore of the Amur Bay of the Sea of Japan was named in her honor. On 8 February 2017, one of five previously unnamed Kuril Islands in Sakhalin Oblast was named after her, as Shchetinina Island. See also Mary Parker Converse Notes References Anna Schetinina biography - main source Photo: Soviet woman captain Anna Shchetinina on board her (wheat) ship Orsha, Walsh Bay, Australia 1908 births 1999 deaths Female sailors Heroes of Socialist Labour Sea captains Soviet sailors People from Vladivostok Recipients of the Order of Lenin
7924332	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%20%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA	فانيسا هاردينغ	فانيسا هاردينغ هي مصارعة محترفة ومديرة (مصارعة محترفة) وممثلة أمريكية، ولدت في 11 أكتوبر 1970 في أتلانتا في الولايات المتحدة. مراجع وصلات خارجية مصارعات محترفات القرن 21 أمريكيات في القرن 21 رياضيون من أتلانتا (جورجيا) مصارعات محترفات أمريكيات مصارعون محترفون في القرن 21 مصارعون محترفون من ولاية جورجيا مواليد 1970
2964947	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%20%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7	إقليم جنوب بوهيميا	إقليم جنوب بوهيميا هو أحد أقاليم جمهورية التشيك الأربعة عشر التي استحدثت حسب التقسيمات الإدارية الجديدة لجمهورية التشيك سنة 2000. يقع الإقليم جنوبي البلاد وأيضاً جنوب منطقة بوهيميا التاريخية كما يشير الاسم. عاصمة هذا الأقليم هي تشيسكي بوديوفيتسه، ويحده من الغرب إقليم بلزن، ومن الشمال إقليم بوهيميا الوسطى، ومن الشرق إقليم فيسوتشنا، ومن الجنوب الشرقي إقليم جنوب مورافيا. أما من الجنوب فيحد الإقليم النمسا، ومن الجنوب الغربي ألمانيا. المقاطعات يقسم الإقليم إلى 7 مقاطعات وهي: مقاطعة تشيسكي بوديوفيتسه Okres České Budějovice مقاطعة تشيسكي كروملوف Okres Český Krumlov مقاطعة يندريخوف هرادتس Okres Jindřichův Hradec مقاطعة بيسك Okres Písek مقاطعة براخاتيتسه Okres Prachatice مقاطعة ستراكونيتسه Okres Strakonice مقاطعة تابور Okres Tábor اقرأ أيضاً أقاليم جمهورية التشيك بوهيميا مراجع أقاليم جمهورية التشيك
5561598	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%20%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A1%20%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%8A%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1%20%D8%A5%D9%84%D8%A7%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1	لا شيء منطقي في علم الأحياء إلا في ضوء التطور	لا شيء منطقي في علم الأحياء إلا في ضوء التطور هو مقال كتبه عالم الأحياء التطوري المسيحي الأرثوذكسي ثيودوسيوس دوبجانسكي عام 1973، ينتقد فيه التيار الخلقي المعارض لنظرية التطور، نُشر المقال لأول مرة عن طريق الرابطة الوطنية الأمريكية لمعلمي الأحياء. عرض دوبجانسكي بعض أفكاره في خطاب له أمام مؤتمر الجمعية الأمريكية لعلماء الحيوان عام 1964 بعنوان «علم الأحياء، الجزيئات والكائنات العضوية» ، وكانت بعض المصطلحات التي أوردها دوبجانسكي مثل «في ضوء التطور» أو «تطور الأنواع الفرعية» قد تمَّ استخدامها سابقاً من قبل القس اليسوعي بيير تيلارد تشاردين، ثمَّ استخدمها أيضاً عالم الأحياء الإنكليزي جوليان هكسلي. نظرة عامة في بداية المقال ينتقد دوبجانسكي الشيخ عبد العزيز بن باز مفتي المملكة العربية السعودية آنذاك بسبب اعتقاده أنَّ الشمس تدور حول الأرض اعتماداً على آيات القرآن وقال: «من السخف اعتبار القرآن والإنجيل كتبًا تمهيدية للعلوم الطبيعية، فهما يتعاملان مع أمور أكثر أهمية كحقيقة الإنسان وعلاقة البشر مع الله» [1]، كما قال دوبجانسكي أيضاً في خطابه السابق: «إذا كانت الكائنات الحية لم تنشأ عن أسلاف مشتركة من خلال عملية تطوريَّة، فإنَّ الوحدة الأساسيَّة للكائنات الحية ستبدو وكأنَّها مجرَّد مزحة أو خدعة» [2]، وفي حديثه عن تنوِّع الأحياء على الأرض يتسآل دوبجانسكي عن تنوُّع الأحياء في البيئات المختلفة، ويعتقد أنَّ هذا التنوع يصبح معقولاً ومفهوماً فقط إذا كان قد حدث نتيجة التطور المحكوم بالانتقاء الطبيعي وليس وفق نزوات الخالق، وكثيراً ما كان يعتمد على مثال ذبابة الفاكهة في جزر هاواي لدعم أفكاره وتأييدها بأمثلة طبيعيَّة علميَّة. يوضح دوبجانسكي وحدة الكائنات الحية باستخدام التسلسل الجزيئي للسيتوكروم سي ، كما تتوضح هذه الوحدة أكثر من خلال تشابه أجنة الأنواع المختلفة، يقول دوبجانسكي إمَّا أنَّ الله قد رتَّب الأشياء بهذه الطريقة عمداً لتضليل الباحثين والعلماء أو أنَّ أوجه التشابه هذه هي نتيجة فعليَّة لعملية التطور ، ويستنتج في نهاية المطاف أنَّ الكتاب المقدس والعلوم هما شيئان مختلفان ومتباينان ويعتقد أنَّه من الخطأ أن نستخدم الكتاب المقدس لفهم العلوم الطبيعية كعلم الفلك والجيولوجيا وعلم الأحياء. كانت أشهر الردود على مقالة دوبجانسكي ورقة كتبها ستيفن ديلي بعنوان «لا شيء منطقي في علم الأحياء إلا في ضوء اللاهوت»، وجادل فيها بأنَّ حجج دوبجانسكي جميعها تعتمد على أفكاره حول طبيعة الله وأفعاله وأهدافه وواجباته. الموضوع الرئيسي يبدو واضحاً أنَّ موضوع المقالة الرئيسيَّة وهدفها هو الدعوة إلى تدريس التطوُّر في سياق النقاش حول الخلق والتطور في التعليم العام في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكيَّة، لأنَّ التطور يُفسِّر الترابط بين الحقائق البيولوجيَّة المختلفة ويجعل من علوم الأحياء منطقيَّة [6]، لاحقاً أصبح هذا المفهوم راسخاً في تدريس الأحياء في أغلب دول العالم. المصطلح اقتبس دوبجانسكي مصطلح «ضوء التطور» light of evolution من كتابات القس اليسوعي بيير دي تشاردين الذي كان معجباً به كثيراً، وكانت الفقرة التي اقتبس منها هي: «إنَّ التطور هو المعيار الرئيسي الذي يجب أن تحترمه جميع النظريات، لأنَّه نور يضيء كل الحقائق ومنحنٍ يجب أن تتبعه جميع الخطوط، إنَّ جميع الفرضيات يجب أن تحترم التطور إذا كانت تريد أن تكون منطقيَّة وقابلة للتصديق». أصبحت عبارة «لا شيء منطقي في علم الأحياء إلا في ضوء التطور» شائعة الاستخدام من قبل أولئك المعارضين للتصميم الذكي، ومع ذلك يحاول المقال أن يثبت بأنَّ الديانة المسيحيَّة وعلم الأحياء التطوري متوافقان، وهو الموقف المعروف باسم «الخلق التطوري»، رغم كلِّ هذا تستخدم العبارة أيضاً من قبل العلماء الذين ينكرون الخلق ككل مثل ريتشارد دوكينز الذي نشر كتابه الشهير الجين الأناني بعد ثلاث سنوات فقط من هذه المقالة. ثيودوسيوس دوبجانسكي كان ثيودوسيوس دوبجانسكي (1900 - 1975) عالم وراثة وعالم أحياء تطوري، وإحدى الشخصيات الرئيسيَّة في مجال علم الأحياء التطوري، ولد في مدينة نيميريف في أوكرانيا وكان الطفل الوحيد لمُدرِّس الرياضيات غريغوري دوبجانسكي، درس علم الأحياء في جامعة كييف الحكومية بين أعوام 1917 – 1921 وتخصَّص في علم الحشرات بحلول عام 1924، ثمَّ انتقل إلى سان بطرسبرغ وأنشأ هناك مختبراً لدراسة الحشرات كذبابة الفاكهة على وجه التحديد، هاجر دوبجانسكي إلى الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية عام 1927 لاستكمال دراسته هناك في جامعة كولومبيا ومجلس التعليم الدولي التابع لمؤسسة روكفلر، وعمل في معهد كاليفورنيا للتكنولوجيا من عام 1930 إلى عام 1940 وهناك نشر كتابه «الوراثة وأصل الأنواع» وهو من أبرز الكتب التي جمعت بين البيولوجيا التطوريَّة وعلم الوراثة. حاز دوبجانسكي على درجة الدكتوراه الفخريَّة من جامعة سان باولو عام 1943، وكان أحد الموقعين على بيان اليونسكو الشهير عام 1950 الذي يتعلَّق بمسألة العرق، وأخيراً استقرَّ في معهد روكفلر حتى تقاعده في عام 1971، وانتخب في عام 1972 كأول رئيس لجمعية الوراثة السلوكية، لاحقاً اعترف المجتمع العلمي بدور دوبجانسكي الهام في علم الوراثة والتطور وتمَّ تأسيس جائزة دوبجانسكي التي تمنح لأهمِّ الإنجازات في هذا العلم. يعتبر ثيودوسيوس دوبجانسكي أحد أشهر علماء الأحياء في القرن العشرين، فقد كان رئيساً لجمعية الوراثة الأمريكية (1941)، ورئيساً لجمعيَّة علماء الطبيعة الأمريكية (1950)، ورئيساً لجمعية أبحاث التطور (1951)، ورئيساً للجمعيَّة الأمريكية لعلماء الحيوان (1963)، تمت طباعة كتاب دوبجانسكي علم الوراثة وأصل الأنواع ثلاث طبعات متتالية ويعتبره كثيرون أحد أهم الكتب في مجال موضوعات الوراثة وعلم التطوُّر على الإطلاق. الرابطة الوطنية الأمريكية لمعلِّمي الأحياء الرابطة الوطنية لمعلِّمي الأحياء (NABT) هي جمعيَّة لمُدرِّسي علم الأحياء في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، تمَّ تأسيسها في البداية لتسهيل تدريس البيولوجيا للفقراء ومنخفضي الدخل في ثلاثينات القرن الماضي، وتوسَّعت لتصبح منظمة وطنية كبيرة تُعزِّز تدريس البيولوجيا وتدعم تعلُّمها على أساس المبادئ العلميَّة دافعت الرابطة الوطنية لمعلمي الأحياء عن تدريس التطوُّر خلال النقاش حول الخلق والتطور في التعليم العام في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكيَّة، ولعبت دوراً هاماً في عدد من القضايا القضائيَّة وجلسات الاستماع في جميع أنحاء أمريكا. تأسَّست الرابطة عام 1938 في مدينة نيويورك، وتمَّ إنشاء مجلة علميَّة خاصَّة بالمنظمة في نفس العام، وفي عام 1944 انتُخبت هيلين تروبريدغ أول رئيسة لها، وتمَّ تقديم جوائز للمعلمين المتميزين لأول مرة في عام 1960 وعُقد أول مؤتمر وطني مستقل لها عام 1968، وفي فترة السبعينيات قادت النشاط الوطني لتدريس التطوُّر مع اتخاذ إجراءات قانونيَّة ضد تعديل قانون ولاية تينيسي التي حاولت استبدال التطور بالتصميم الذكي في المناهج الدراسيَّة. المراجع أدبيات علم الأحياء التطورية أعمال نشرت أصلا في مجلات أمريكية مقالات 1973 التطور والدين
6688246	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%20%28%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%20%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%20%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%202001%29	أحمد الغامدي (لاعب كرة قدم مواليد 2001)	أحمد الغامدي (لاعب كرة قدم مواليد 2001) اللاعب أحمد مازن الغامدي سنة الميلاد: 2001) لاعب المنتخب السعودي تحت 20 سنة ونادي الاتفاق. نشأته ولد سنة 2001م في جدة، و انتقل مع عائلته للعيش في كندا ولعب في نادي باسفيك الكندي وانتقل إلى نادي الاتفاق مطلع عام 2020 . مراجع روابط خارجية لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية سعوديون مغتربون لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية سعوديون لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في كندا لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية كنديون أشخاص على قيد الحياة أشخاص من جدة أعلام كرة قدم من كولومبيا البريطانية رياضيون سعوديون مغتربون في كندا رياضيون من جدة رياضيون من فانكوفر سعوديون مهاجرون إلى كندا كنديون متجنسون لاعبو الدوري الكندي لدرجة الاولى لاعبو دوري المحترفين السعودي لاعبو كرة قدم سعوديون لاعبو كرة قدم سعوديون مغتربون لاعبو كرة قدم كنديون لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في كندا لاعبو كرة قدم من فانكوفر لاعبو منتخب المملكة العربية السعودية لكرة القدم للشباب لاعبو نادي الاتفاق (السعودية) لاعبو نادي باسفيك لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية مواليد 2001 مواليد في جدة لاعبو كرة قدم من جدة
6946636	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%20%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A	التفاعل ما وراء الاجتماعي	التفاعل ما وراء الاجتماعي هو مصطلح صاغه دونالد هورتون وريتشارد وهل عام 1956 للإشارة إلى نوع من العلاقة النفسية التي يعاني منها الجمهور عند مشاهدتهم الفنانين والمشاهير في وسائل الإعلام، خاصةً على شاشات التلفزيون. ينظر المشاهدون أو المستمعون إلى شخصيات وسائل الإعلام كأصدقاء على الرغم من محدودية أو انعدام التفاعل معهم. يوصف التفاعل ما وراء الاجتماعي على أنه تجربة وهمية، مثل تفاعل الجمهور مع الشخصيات (مثل مضيفي البرامج الحوارية والمشاهير والشخصيات الخيالية والمؤثرين على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي) كما لو كانوا منخرطين في علاقة متبادلة معهم. تطور المصطلح وُصف التفاعل ما وراء الاجتماعي لأول مرة من منظور دراسات الإعلام والاتصال. عام 1956، استكشف وهل وهورتن التفاعلات المختلفة بين مستخدمي وسائل الإعلام الجماهيري وشخصيات هذه الوسائل وحددوا وجود علاقة ما وراء الاجتماعية، حيث يتصرف المستخدم كما لو كانوا متورطًا في علاقة اجتماعية نموذجية مع الشخصية المشهورة. مع ذلك، لم تبدأ العلاقات شبه الاجتماعية أو العلاقات غير الطبيعية مع وسائل الإعلام، فقد كانت موجودة قبلها مثل عندما يقوم شخص ما بتأسيس رابطة مع شخصية سياسية أو مع الآلهة أو الأرواح. منذ ذلك الحين، اعتمد علماء النفس هذا المصطلح لتعزيز دراساتهم حول العلاقات الاجتماعية التي تنشأ بين مستخدمي وسائل الإعلام والشخصيات التي يرونها متجسدة هناك. في البداية، نظر هورتن ووهل إلى التفاعلات ما وراء الاجتماعية على أنها تشوهات ناتجة عن ضيق الوقت الذي يقضيه المرء مع الآخرين. اعترض بيرس وروبن (1989) على هذا الرأي، ووجدا أن حدوث هذه التفاعلات هو نتيجة ثانوية طبيعية للوقت الذي يقضيه الناس بمتابعة الشخصيات على وسائل الإعلام. على الرغم من نشأته من موضوع نفسي، أجريت أبحاث مستفيضة عن التفاعل ما وراء الاجتماعي في مجال التواصل الجماهيري فكانت النتائج متشعبة. بدأ علماء النفس بإظهار اهتمامهم بهذا المفهوم في الثمانينيات من القرن الماضي، وبدأ الباحثون بتطويره على نطاق واسع في مجال علوم التواصل. طرح العديد من الأسئلة المهمة حول علم النفس الاجتماعي والمتعلقة بطبيعة هذه العلاقات التي تشكل مشكلة للنظريات الموجودة في تلك المجالات. لمفهوم التفاعل ما وراء الاجتماعي وللفحص المفصل للظواهر السلوكية الذي يسعى لشرحه إمكانات كبيرة لتطوير النظرية النفسية. التأثيرات السيكولوجية في فترة الطفولة النتائج الإيجابية تكوين الشخصية التعلم هو التأثير الأساسي للتفاعل ما ,وراء الاجتماعي: بما يتوافق مع نظرية باندورا (1986) للإدراك الاجتماعي، فإن الكثير من الأدلة تشير إلى أن الأطفال يتعلمون من مُثُلهم العليا التي تظهر على الشاشات، ويكتسبون معايير السلوك من خلال وسائل الإعلام مثل التلفزيون وألعاب الفيديو. تدعم دراسة أجرتها سينثيا هوفنر مع الأطفال الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 7 و 12 هذا الطرح، وقد أظهرت تلك الدراسة أن الجنس المفضل للشخصيات التلفزيونية لدى الأطفال يرتبط ارتباطًا وثيقًا بجنس الأطفال أنفسهم. فقد أظهر البحث «التماثل بالتمني» مع العلاقات ما وراء الاجتماعية، أي أن الذكور من الأولاد فضلوا الذكاء، بينما فضلت الفتيات الجاذبية عند اختيار الشخصيات المفضلة. نجد من جهة أن التفاعلات ما وراء الاجتماعية جذابة بشكل خاص للمراهقين في مخاض تكوين الهوية وزيادة الاستقلالية عن الأهل، لأن هذه العلاقات توفر شخصيات مثالية يمكن للمراهق أن يتخيل قبولها التام له. يمكن أن يقدم عدم وجود اتصال فعلي مع هذه الشخصيات المثالية تفاعلات اجتماعية إيجابية دون التعرض لخطر الرفض أو ما يترتب على ذلك من مشاعر سلبية. لا يمكن للمرء معرفة كل شيء عن شخصية تظهر على وسائل الإعلام، وهذا الواقع يتيح للمراهقين إرفاق سمات متخيلة على هذه الشخصيات من أجل تلبية تطلعاتهم واحتياجاتهم الخاصة. من ناحية أخرى، تميل الكيانات بعيدة كل البعد عن الواقع لتكون أقل تأثيرًا على الأطفال. التعلم من خلال وسائل الإعلام ترتبط القدرة على التعلم من العلاقات ما وراء الاجتماعية ارتباطًا مباشرًا بقوة تلك العلاقة، كما يتضح من عمل ساندرا إل. كالفيرت وزملاؤها. في دراسة أجرتها لوريسيلا وجولا وكالفيرت عام 2011، عُلِّم ثمانية أطفال بعمر 21 شهرًا ترتيبًا تسلسليًا بواسطة واحد من شخصيتين. إحدى الشخصيات، إيلمو، أيقونية في الثقافة الأمريكية وبالتالي فهي ذات مغزى اجتماعي، والأخرى، دودو، على الرغم من شعبيتها لدى الأطفال في تايوان، إلا أنها أقل شهرة في وسائل الإعلام الأمريكية. كان الأطفال أكثر قدرة على التعلم من الشخصية ذات المغزى الاجتماعي (إيلمو) مقارنة بالشخصية التي كان من الأسهل التعرف عليها (دودو). أضف إلى ذلك أنه من الممكن أن يصبح الأطفال أكثر قدرة على التعلم من شخصيات أقل ارتباطًا اجتماعيًا بهم مثل دودو، من خلال تطوير علاقة ما وراء الاجتماعية معها. عندما أُعطي الأطفال دمى دودو ليلعبوا بها، زادت قدرتهم على التعلم منها. في دراسة لاحقة، وجد الباحثون أن هذا التأثير كان أعظم عندما أنشأ الأطفال علاقات ما وراء الاجتماعية مع الشخصيات. النتائج السلبية صورة الجسد بحثت أبحاث إضافية هذه العلاقات فيما يتعلق بصورة الجسم وتصور الذات. ازداد الاهتمام بهذا المجال الضيق في مجال البحوث حيث أصبحت مشكلات صور الجسد أكثر انتشارًا في مجتمعاتنا اليوم. أجريت دراسة لفحص العلاقة بين التعرض لوسائل الإعلام وصورة الجسد لدى المراهقين. نظر الباحثون على وجه التحديد في العلاقات ما وراء الاجتماعية والدوافع المختلفة للمقارنة الذاتية مع الشخصيات. استطلعت هذه الدراسة 391 من طلاب الصف السابع والثامن ووجدت أن التعرض لوسائل الإعلام تنبأ بشكل سلبي بصورة الجسد. بالإضافة إلى التأثير السلبي المباشر، أشارت الدراسة إلى أن العلاقات ما وراء الاجتماعية مع الشخصيات المفضلة، والدوافع لمقارنة الذات بها، والمشاركة في المقارنة الاجتماعية مع الشخصيات، تضخّم الآثار السلبية على صورة الجسد لدى الأطفال. العدوانية نظرت دراسات إضافية في العلاقات ما وراء الاجتماعية وبالتحديد في تأثيراتها على السلوك العنيف والعدواني. بحثت دراسة أجرتها كيرين إيال مع آلان إم روبين شخصيات تلفزيونية عنيفة والآثار السلبية المحتملة التي قد تولدها على المشاهدين. استندت الدراسة إلى النظرية المعرفية الاجتماعية ونظرت في عدوان السمات عند المشاهدين وتحديد الهوية والتفاعل غير المتزامن مع الشخصيات العدوانية. قاس الباحثون الصفات العدوانية في كل من المشاركين وقارنوها بمستوى التماثل مع الشخصيات العدوانية. وجدت الدراسة أن المشاهدين الأكثر عدوانية كانوا أكثر عرضة للتماثل مع الشخصيات العدوانية ومواصلة تطوير علاقات ما وراء اجتماعية معها. محدوديتها توصلت معظم الدراسات إلى أن العلاقة ما وراء الاجتماعية تحدث فقط على شكل صداقة، وهي بالتالي مقيدة للغاية من الناحيتين النظرية والعملية. من الشائع أن يبني الأشخاص تفاعلات وراء اجتماعية مع شخصيات إعلامية معينة، على الرغم من أنهم لا يُعتبرون «أصدقاء»، مثل الشخصيات الشريرة في البرامج والعروض. المراجع تأثير اجتماعي وسياسي دراسات إعلامية علم النفس الاجتماعي مصطلحات علم الاجتماع
6240585	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88%20%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%28%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD%29	هيو سنكلير (توضيح)	هيو سنكلير (توضيح) قد يقصد من «هيو سنكلير» :
7457011	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9%20%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%20%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%20%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%201979	بطولة إفريقيا لكرة اليد للسيدات 1979	بطولة إفريقيا لكرة اليد للسيدات 1979 أقيمت بطولة أفريقيا لكرة اليد للسيدات 1979 في الكونغو. كانت بمثابة البطولة الأفريقية المؤهلة للبطولة المؤهلة لدورة الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1980. مرحلة خروج المغلوب مباراة المركز الثالث نهائي ترتيب نهائي روابط خارجية النتائج على todor66.com جمهورية الكونغو في 1979 كرة اليد الإفريقية في 1979 كرة اليد النسائية في 1979 بطولة إفريقيا لكرة اليد كرة يد نسائية في جمهورية الكونغو منافسات رياضية دولية تستضيفها جمهورية الكونغو أحداث يوليو 1979 الرياضية في إفريقيا رياضة إفريقية نسائية في 1979
8400188	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%84%20%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%20%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%202019	الجدل حول تعليق البرلمان البريطاني 2019	الجدل حول تعليق البرلمان البريطاني 2019 في 28 أغسطس 2019، أمرت الملكة إليزابيث الثانية بتعليق برلمان المملكة المتحدة بناء على مشورة رئيس الوزراء المحافظ بوريس جونسون، ليتبين فيما بعد أن هذه المشورة لم تكن شرعية. وكان من المقرر أن يكون تعليق البرلمان أو كفّه نافذًا بين 9 و12 سبتمبر 2019 ويستمر ذلك حتى الافتتاح الرسمي للبرلمان في 14 أكتوبر 2019، وفي هذه الحالة عُلق البرلمان بين 10 و24 سبتمبر. وبما أنه كان من المقرر تعليق البرلمان لمدة خمسة أسابيع واستئناف انعقاده قبل 17 يومًا فقط من انسحاب المملكة المتحدة المقرر من الاتحاد الأوروبي في 31 أكتوبر 2019 ، اعتبر العديد من السياسيين والمعلقين السياسيين المعارضين هذه الخطوة محاولة مثيرة للجدل وغير شرعية من جانب رئيس الوزراء لتفادي التدقيق البرلماني في خطط بريكزت الحكومية في الأسابيع الأخيرة التي سبقت انسحاب المملكة المتحدة من الاتحاد الأوروبي. ويدافع جونسون وحكومته عن تعليق البرلمان باعتباره عملية سياسية روتينية تتبع عادة اختيار رئيس وزراء جديد وستسمح للحكومة بإعادة التركيز على جدول أعمال تشريعي. في أوائل سبتمبر 2019 ، حكم القضاة في محكمة العدل العليا والمجلس الخارجي للمحكمة المدنية العليا -المحكمتان الابتدائيتان الإنجليزية والاسكتلندية- بأن المسألة لا تخضع للمراجعة القضائية لأنها قرار سياسي؛ ألغى طعن في القضية الأخيرة أمام المجلس الداخلي للمحكمة المدنية العليا الحكم الصادر عن المجلس الخارجي وحكم بأن تعليق البرلمان قابل للمقاضاة وغير قانوني. ولحل الخلافات في الرأي بين المحاكم، تم استئناف القضيتين أمام المحكمة العليا في المملكة المتحدة التي حكمت بالإجماع في 24 سبتمبر في قضية آر (ميلر) ضد رئيس الوزراء وشيري ضد المحامي العام لاسكتلندا بأن التعليق قابل للمقاضاة وغير قانوني؛ وبناء على ذلك، أُبطل الأمر المجلسي القاضي بالتعليق واعتُبر تعليق البرلمان «باطلًا وليس له أي نفوذ [قانوني]». وعندما استؤنف البرلمان في اليوم التالي، شُطبت مراسم التعليق من يومية مجلس العموم واستمرت الأعمال كما لو أن المراسم لم تحدث قط. وبدأت عملية تعليق ثانية أقصر بكثير، هذه المرة لمدة ستة أيام في 8 أكتوبر. خلفية إن تعليق البرلمان عملية سياسية تمثل نهاية جلسة تشريعية، وتشير أيضًا إلى الفترة الفاصلة بين نهاية دورة برلمانية وبدء أخرى. وخلال عملية التعليق، لا ينعقد البرلمان ولا تجتمع لجانه، وجميع الالتماسات والأسئلة غير المُجابة ومشاريع القوانين التي لم تلقَ الموافقة الملكية بعدْ مصيرها الانقضاء التلقائي، ما لم يكن هناك ما يسمى «الالتماس المستمر» ليسمح باستئناف الأعمال في الدورة المقدمة. التعليق هي سلطة بموجب الصلاحية الملكية وتأمر بها الملكة-في-المجلس؛ أي الملكة تحت مشورة المجلس الخاص. ويبدأ سريان حكم التعليق عندما يُتلا الإعلان الملكي الآمر بالتعليق على مجلسي البرلمان؛ وعند هذه النقطة، لا يجتمع البرلمان مرة أخرى إلى حين الافتتاح الرسمي للبرلمان بعد بضعة أيام. والتعليق يختلف عن انفضاض البرلمان والعطلة البرلمانية، وهي فترات توقف قصيرة لا توقف جميع الأعمال البرلمانية. منذ عام 1854، يتولى مفوضو التاج مهمة التعليق بالنيابة عن الملك. تاريخيًا، كان تعليق البرلمان هو القاعدة؛ ولا يقوم الملك عادة باستدعاء البرلمان إلا للموافقة على الضرائب الملكية وتعليق الهيئة من جديد بإجراءات موجزة. استُخدم التعليق كتكتيك ملكي لتجنب الرقابة البرلمانية؛ أوقفت إليزابيث الأولى البرلمان عام 1578 لمنع المناقشة العامة بأمر توددها لفرانسيس، دوق أنجو. وجاءت نقطة التحول في مقدمة الحرب الأهلية الإنجليزية عندما علّق تشارلز الأول برلمانه الثالث. واعترض البرلمان على فرض الضرائب الملكية وأصدر التماس الحق ردًا على إجراءات الملك. وعندما أعلن جون فينش -رئيس مجلس العموم آنذاك- انتهاء الجلسة، قُمع فينش من قِبل أعضاء البرلمان المستشيطين غضبًا، الأمر الذي حال على الفور دون إغلاق البرلمان إلى أن أقر العموم عدة مقترحات تدين إساءة استعمال الملك للسلطة. وبعد أن استهل البرلمان الحكم، حكم تشارلز الأول بمفرده لمدة أحد عشر عامًا -بل وحاول إغلاق برلمان اسكتلندا في عام 1638- ولم يستدعِ البرلمان إلا في عام 1640 لتمرير المزيد من الضرائب. أصدر المجلس الثاني للبرلمان في ذلك العام -البرلمان الطويل المعروف- تشريعًا منع تعليق البرلمان أو حله دون موافقته. في هذه الحالة، بقي دون تغيير لعشرين عامًا طوال الحرب الأهلية الإنجليزية، وفترة خلو العرش، والاسترداد رغم تطهير برايد عام 1648 الذي أنشأ برلمان الرامب وطرد أوليفر كرومويل من البرلمان الطويل وعقد جمعية بديلة في 1653. رغم أن تعليق البرلمان لا يشكل موضع جدل عادةً، فقد كانت هناك عدة تعليقات جديرة بالملاحظة خلال النزاعات السياسية الكبرى. عام 1774، علّق جورج الثالث، بناءً على نصيحة اللورد نورث، البرلمان بعد إقرار قانون كيبيك، وهو أحد العوامل التي أشعلت فتيل الثورة الأميركية؛ وفي عام 1831، أخذ أقرانه يتقدمون إلى برلمان ويليام الرابع بعد أن هزم مجلس العموم مشروع قانون الإصلاح الأول الذي سعى إلى توسيع نطاق الامتيازات؛ وفي عام 1948، دعا كليمنت أتلي إلى عقد جلسة برلمانية مبدئية قصيرة نُظمت بعد عشرة أيام للتعجيل بإصدار قانون البرلمان لعام 1949؛ وفي عام 1997، نصح جون ميجر بإجراء تعليق مبكر قبل الانتخابات العامة في مايو بالتزامن مع تأجج «قضية المال لقاء الأسئلة». حدثت عملية تعطيل البرلمان الأكثر إثارة للجدل في الآونة الأخيرة عام 2008 في كندا؛ إذ نصح ستيفن هاربر، رئيس الوزراء وزعيم حكومة المحافظين الأقلية، الحاكم العام، ميكائيل جان، بتعطيل البرلمان قبل وضع الميزانية. آنذاك، خطط الحزبان الليبرالي والديمقراطي الجديد لتشكيل حكومة بديلة بدعم من الكتلة الكيبيكية ؛ وأرجأ التعطيل اقتراح حجب الثقة عن حكومة هاربر وبحلول الوقت الذي انعقد فيه البرلمان مرة أخرى انهار الاتفاق بين أحزاب المعارضة وبقي هاربر في منصبه. وقد نصح هاربر بشكل مثير للجدل جان بأن يعطل البرلمان مرة أخرى في أواخر عام 2009 إلى ما بعد الألعاب الأولمبية الشتوية عام 2010؛ إذ كان هاربر يخضع آنذاك لتحقيق دقيق حول دوره في قضية المعتقلين الأفغان. وكانت هناك أزمة مماثلة تتعلق باستغلال السلطات الملكية لكسر الجمود البرلماني حدثت في أستراليا في عام 1975؛ وقام الحاكم العام جون كير بإقالة رئيس الوزراء غوف وايتلام بشكل مثير للجدل، وحل محله زعيم المعارضة مالكولم فرايزر الذي تولى قيادة الأغلبية في مجلس الشيوخ. أقر مجلس النواب الذي يسيطر عليه حزب العمال الأسترالي التماسًا بحجب الثقة عن فرايزر لكنه لم يتمكن من إعادة تنصيب وايتلام قبل أن يحل كير البرلمان قبل الانتخابات الاتحادية. مراجع السياسة البريطانية في 2019 أحداث أغسطس 2019 في المملكة المتحدة أحداث سبتمبر 2019 في المملكة المتحدة أزمات دستورية بوريس جونسون خلافات 2019 خلافات سياسية في المملكة المتحدة نتائج البريكست
6643663	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%C3%ADmpio%20Cipriano	Olímpio Cipriano	Olímpio Cipriano (born 9 April 1982) is an Angolan basketball player who currently plays for Petro de Luanda and the Angola national team. A guard, he has been one of the most decorated basketball players in Angolan history, having won 12 Angolan Leagues and 11 Angolan Cups in his career. Born in Luanda, Cipriano represented the Angola national basketball team on several international tournaments and won four gold AfroBasket medals for his country. Cipriano also won five FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup titles, four with Primeiro and one with Libolo; he was honoured as MVP of the tournament in 2007. Professional career Cipriano played with the Detroit Pistons' summer league team before being cut prior to the start of the 2007–08 NBA season. National team career Cipriano played with Angola on several tournaments, including the 2004 Summer Olympics and the FIBA Africa Championship 2005. At the 2005 tournament, Cipriano led the Angolans to defeat Senegal to capture first place for the 4th championship in a row. Cipriano was also MVP of the tournament. He was also a member of the Angola squad at the 2006 FIBA World Championship, where he averaged 13.8 points per game, including a high of 33 in a losing effort against Germany. Awards and accomplishments Club Primeiro de Agosto 4× FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup: (2002, 2004, 2007, 2008) 8× Angolan League: (2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2022) 6× Taça de Angola: (2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2022) 9× Angolan Super Cup: (2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2021) Benfica do Libolo FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup: (2014) 3× Angolan League: (2012, 2014, 2017) 5× Taça de Angola: (2010, 2011, 2015, 2016, 2017) 3× Angolan Super Cup: (2012, 2016, 2017) Taça Victorino Cunha: (2013) Petro de Luanda 2× Angolan League: (2019, 2021) Taça de Angola: (2022) Individual FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup MVP: (2007) 2× FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup All-Star Team: (2007, 2012) 4× Angolan League MVP: (2008, 2011, 2012, 2017) 3× Angolan League Top Scorer: (2007, 2008, 2012) Angolan League assists leader: (2011) Career statistics BAL \|- \|style="text-align:left;"\|2021 \|style="text-align:left;"\|Petro de Luanda \| 6 \|\| 0 \|\| 15.9 \|\| .359 \|\| .324 \|\| .750 \|\| 2.3 \|\| 1.0 \|\| .3 \|\| .0 \|\| 7.0 \|- class="sortbottom" \| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"\|Career \| 6 \|\| 0 \|\| 15.9 \|\| .359 \|\| .324 \|\| .750 \|\| 2.3 \|\| 1.0 \|\| .3 \|\| .0 \|\| 7.0 References External links 1982 births Living people African Games gold medalists for Angola African Games medalists in basketball Angolan expatriate basketball people in the United States Angolan men's basketball players Atlético Petróleos de Luanda basketball players Basketball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics Basketball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics Basketball players from Luanda C.D. Primeiro de Agosto men's basketball players C.R.D. Libolo basketball players Competitors at the 2003 All-Africa Games Olympic basketball players for Angola Shooting guards Small forwards 2006 FIBA World Championship players 2010 FIBA World Championship players 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup players 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup players
41294103	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn%20V%C3%A1squez%20Villanueva	Martín Vásquez Villanueva	Martín Vásquez Villanueva Martín de Jesús Vásquez Villanueva (born 7 September 1965) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PRI. As of 2013 he served as Deputy of the LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Oaxaca. References 1965 births Living people Politicians from Oaxaca Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians 21st-century Mexican politicians Deputies of the LXII Legislature of Mexico Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) for Oaxaca
4337384	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%20%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85	جوردن غراهام	جوردن غراهام (5 مارس 1995 كوفنتري المملكة المتحدة - ) هو لاعب كرة قدم بريطاني يلعب كمهاجم. روابط خارجية مراجع أجنحة كرة قدم أشخاص على قيد الحياة إنجليز من أصل أيرلندي رياضيون إنجليز سود رياضيون بريطانيون سود رياضيون من كوفنتري لاعبو أستون فيلا لاعبو أكسفورد يونايتد لاعبو إيبسويتش تاون لاعبو برمنغهام سيتي لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي لاعبو فولهام لاعبو كرة قدم أيرلنديون لاعبو كرة قدم إنجليز لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إنجليز لاعبو كرة قدم من كوفنتري لاعبو منتخب إنجلترا لكرة القدم للشباب لاعبو منتخب جمهورية أيرلندا لكرة القدم للشباب لاعبو نادي برادفورد لاعبو نادي غيلينغهام لاعبو نادي ليتون أورينت لاعبو وولفرهامبتون واندررز مواليد 1995
2108262	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%28%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%29	حنيشية (الريف الشرقي)	حنيشية (الريف الشرقي) حنيشية هي قرية تقع في إيران في قسم الريف الشرقي الريفي. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 173 نسمة بحسب إحصاء 2016. انظر أيضاً قائمة مدن إيران مراجع أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة المحمرة
6125759	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casal%20Velino	Casal Velino	Casal Velino, also spelled Casalvelino, is a town and comune in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy. History The village, first mentioned in the 11th century, was named Casalicchio until 1893. It was renamed Casal Velino in homage to the ancient and nearby town of Velia, whose male demonym is "Velino". Geography Casal Velino is a hill town located in Cilento and included into its national park, located some km from the Ancient Greek city of Velia. The municipality borders with Ascea, Castelnuovo Cilento, Omignano, Pollica, Salento and Stella Cilento. It counts the hamlets (frazioni) of Acquavella, Bivio Acquavella, Marina di Casalvelino, Vallo Scalo (shared with Castelnuovo Cilento) and Verduzio. Transport Casal Velino station, part of Naples-Reggio Calabria line and out of service, is located in the village of Velina (formerly Casalvelino Scalo), a frazione of Castelnuovo close to Bivio Acquavella. Another station, Vallo della Lucania-Castelnuovo, is located in Vallo Scalo and is also served by long-distance trains. The port of Marina di Casalvelino is served by the hydrofoil's line MM6W Naples-Sorrento-Marina di Camerota, part of a local passenger ferry network named Metrò del Mare. See also Cilentan Coast Cilentan dialect References External links Official website Cities and towns in Campania Localities of Cilento
32279438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatic%20ethics	Pragmatic ethics	Pragmatic ethics is a theory of normative philosophical ethics and meta-ethics. Ethical pragmatists such as John Dewey believe that some societies have progressed morally in much the way they have attained progress in science. Scientists can pursue inquiry into the truth of a hypothesis and accept the hypothesis, in the sense that they act as though the hypothesis were true; nonetheless, they think that future generations can advance science, and thus future generations can refine or replace (at least some of) their accepted hypotheses. Similarly, ethical pragmatists think that norms, principles, and moral criteria are likely to be improved as a result of inquiry. Martin Benjamin used Neurath's boat as an analogy for pragmatic ethics, likening the gradual change of ethical norms to the reconstruction of a ship at sea by its sailors. Contrast with other normative theories Much as it is appropriate for scientists to act as though a hypothesis were true despite expecting future inquiry to supplant it, ethical pragmatists acknowledge that it can be appropriate to practice a variety of other normative approaches (e.g. consequentialism, deontological ethics, and virtue ethics), yet acknowledge the need for mechanisms that allow people to advance beyond such approaches, a freedom for discourse which does not take any such theory as assumed. Thus, aimed at social innovation, the practice of pragmatic ethics supplements the practice of other normative approaches with what John Stuart Mill called "experiments in living". Pragmatic ethics also differs from other normative approaches theoretically, according to Hugh LaFollette: It focuses on society, rather than on lone individuals, as the entity that achieves morality. In Dewey's words, "all conduct is ... social". It does not hold any known moral criteria as beyond potential for revision. Pragmatic ethics may be misunderstood as relativist, as failing to be objective, but pragmatists object to this critique on grounds that the same could be said of science, yet inductive and hypothetico-deductive science is our epistemological standard. Ethical pragmatists can maintain that their endeavor, like inquiry in science, is objective on the grounds that it converges towards something objective (a thesis called Peircean realism named after C. S. Peirce). It allows that a moral judgment may be accepted in one age of a given society, even though it will cease to be accepted after that society morally progresses (or may already be rejected in another society). The change in moral judgments about slavery that led to the abolition of slavery is an example of the improvement of moral judgments through moral inquiry and advocacy. LaFollette based his account of pragmatic ethics in the writings of John Dewey, but he also found aspects of pragmatic ethics in the texts of Aristotle, John Stuart Mill, and Martha Nussbaum. Barry Kroll, commenting on the pragmatic ethics of Anthony Weston, noted that pragmatic ethics emphasizes the complexity of problems and the many different values that may be involved in an ethical issue or situation, without suppressing the conflicts between such values. Criticisms Pragmatic ethics has been criticized for conflating descriptive ethics with normative ethics, as describing the way people do make moral judgments rather than the way they should make them, or in other words for lacking normative standards. While some ethical pragmatists may have avoided the distinction between normative and descriptive truth, the theory of pragmatic ethics itself does not conflate them any more than science conflates truth about its subject matter with current opinion about it; in pragmatic ethics as in science, "truth emerges from the self-correction of error through a sufficiently long process of inquiry". A normative criterion that many pragmatists emphasize is the degree to which the process of social learning is deliberatively democratic: "while deontologists focus on moral duties and obligations and utilitarians on the greatest happiness of the greatest number, pragmatists concentrate on coexistence and cooperation". Moral ecology Moral ecology is a variation of pragmatic ethics that additionally supposes that morality evolves like an ecosystem, and ethical practice should therefore include strategies analogous to those of ecosystem management, such as protecting a degree of moral diversity. The term "moral ecology" has been used since at least 1985 to imply a symbiosis whereby the viability of any existing moral approach would be diminished by the destruction of all alternative approaches. According to Tim Dean, current scientific evidence confirms that humans do take diverse approaches to morality, and such polymorphism gives humanity resilience against a wider range of situations and environments, which makes moral diversity a natural consequence of frequency-dependent selection. See also Applied ethics Good reasons approach Moral constructivism Notes References Further reading Metaethics Normative ethics Pragmatism Ethical theories
5499759	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%20%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3	ميشيل دوبويس	ميشيل دوبويس هو لاعب هوكي الجليد كندي، ولد في 7 نوفمبر 1954 في مونتريال في كندا. مراجع وصلات خارجية أعلام هوكي جليد من كيبك رياضيون من مونتريال لاعبو سبرينغفيلد إندينز مدافعو هوكي جليد كنديون مواليد 1954
2833919	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis%20Nixon%20III	Lewis Nixon III	Lewis Nixon III Captain Lewis Nixon III (September 30, 1918 – January 11, 1995) was a United States Army officer who, during World War II, served at the company, battalion, and regimental level with the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. Nixon was portrayed in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers by Ron Livingston. Early life Lewis Nixon was born to Stanhope Wood Nixon and Doris Ryer Nixon on September 30, 1918, in New York City. He was the grandson of shipbuilder Lewis Nixon I (1861–1940) and Sally Wood Nixon (died 1937). At age seven, Lewis took third place in the model yacht regatta at Conservatory Lake in Central Park on May 22, 1926, earning a gold and bronze medal in the boat class. As a youth, Nixon lived in New York City and Montecito, California; he traveled the world extensively, visiting Germany, France, and England. Nixon graduated from Cate School in Carpinteria, then attended Yale University for two years. Military service Nixon was selected (inducted) into the United States Army on January 14, 1941, in Trenton, New Jersey. After graduating from Army Officer Candidate School in 1941 as an infantry second lieutenant, he volunteered for the parachute infantry, part of the U.S. Army's fledgling airborne forces. He was assigned to E Company, 2nd Battalion, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment (506th PIR), commanded by Colonel Robert Sink. The 506th was an independent regiment until June 1943, when it became part of the 101st Airborne Division. Nixon went through the regimental unit training and pre-airborne training at Camp Toccoa, Georgia, and Airborne School at Fort Benning, eventually training at many locations throughout the United States. In September 1943, he was sent with the 506th to Aldbourne, Wiltshire, England, in preparation for the Allied invasion of Normandy. Nixon was appointed as the 2nd Battalion intelligence officer (S2). He and the 506th parachuted into Normandy on June 6, 1944. Shortly after Easy Company fought in the Battle of Carentan on June 12, 1944, he was moved up to the regimental level as the 506th S2. He served in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany. In the Netherlands, he was hit by a bullet from a German MG 42 machine gun. The bullet went through his helmet, grazed his forehead, and left a small burn mark. He developed a drinking problem, and was eventually removed and assigned back down to the 2nd Battalion as the operations officer (S3), where he continued to display his skill at planning and operations, but did not have to deal with the politics and high visibility at the regimental level. In Berchtesgaden, he had first choice of an extensive captured wine collection originally assembled at Hermann Göring's orders, comprising bottles stolen from wineries across France and other European occupied territories. Nixon was one of the few men of the 101st Airborne to jump with another division or regiment. On March 24, 1945, Nixon was assigned by Major General Maxwell Taylor, the commanding general of the 101st, to be an observer with Major General William Miley's 17th Airborne Division during Operation Varsity, the airborne crossing of the river Rhine. Nixon's plane took a direct hit and only he and three others got out. He is also one of very few men in the 101st to earn three Combat Jump Stars on his Jump Wings. Nixon saw the defeat of Germany and ended World War II with the rank of captain. Nixon never fired a shot in combat, though he spent much time on the front lines during intense close fighting. He returned home in September 1945. Nixon was remembered as always having a source of whisky no matter where the company was, and in particular for his love of the blended whisky Vat 69, as noted in the book Band of Brothers by Stephen E. Ambrose and the miniseries made from it. Family On December 20, 1941, Nixon married Katharine Page of Phoenix, Arizona. That marriage failed, as did the next. He married his third wife, Grace Umezawa, in 1956. She had been a student in California in the spring of 1942 when President Franklin Roosevelt ordered the incarceration of Japanese Americans. Richard Winters served as the best man at the wedding. Nixon got his life back together and overcame his alcoholism during their marriage. They had no children. Later years After the war, Nixon worked at his family's Nixon Nitration Works in Edison (then Raritan Township), New Jersey, alongside his father, Stanhope, and longtime friend, Dick Winters. Lewis Nixon died of complications from diabetes in Los Angeles, California, on January 11, 1995. Winters gave the eulogy at Grace's request. His widow Grace was a guest at a farewell party for Ron Livingston before he left for England for an actor boot camp ahead of filming the Band of Brothers miniseries, where he plays Nixon. Livingston recorded their meeting in an official HBO video diary. Medals and decorations References Bibliography External links 1918 births 1995 deaths United States Army personnel of World War II Band of Brothers characters Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills) Deaths from diabetes Military personnel from New York City United States Army officers Yale University alumni
6741001	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A3%D8%B3%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%201996	كأس الإمبراطور 1996	كأس الإمبراطور 1996 هو الموسم 76 من كأس الإمبراطور. فاز فيه طوكيو فيردي. نتائج الموسم المراجع كأس الإمبراطور كرة القدم اليابانية في 1996 كرة القدم اليابانية في 1997
2393682	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otis%20Wilson	Otis Wilson	Otis Wilson Otis Ray Wilson (born September 15, 1957) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Chicago Bears and the Los Angeles Raiders. He won a Super Bowl as a member of the 1985 Chicago Bears. He is also the father of former Cincinnati Bengals running back Quincy Wilson. He is married to Tina Glover Wilson. College career After starting his college career at Syracuse University, Wilson transferred to the University of Louisville. Wilson was a three-year letter winner, from 1977 to 1979. In 1979, Wilson was a team captain and was named first-team All-American by the Sporting News. Wilson ranks second all-time in Louisville football history with 484 career tackles, and ranks fifth with 32 tackles for loss. NFL career Wilson was selected in the first round of the 1980 NFL Draft by the Chicago Bears, and went on to a nine-year career in the NFL. As a starting outside linebacker for the Bears, Wilson played on one of the most dominating defenses in football history as part of the linebacking trio with Mike Singletary and Wilber Marshall. This defense helped the Bears to win Super Bowl XX. That same year, he also made the only Pro Bowl selection of his career. He was a featured soloist of the "Shuffling Crew" in the video The Super Bowl Shuffle in 1985. Wilson had a significant role with the famous '85 Bears. While he didn't call the plays and run the defense like fellow linebacker Mike Singletary did, he was possibly the Bears' most feared pass-rusher and the most intimidating player when he lined up in the 46 defense. Because Singletary stayed in the middle and covered backs out of the backfield/stopped the run, and Wilber Marshall was basically a free-lancer who roamed the field, Wilson was the main blitzer in the Bears' 46. He was second on the team with 10.5 sacks in the 1985 season, and numerous times he hurried the quarterback into errant throws. Wilson played with the Bears until 1987. Injuries kept him from playing in the 1988 season. In 1989, he signed with the Los Angeles Raiders, but played only one game in the season and retired soon afterwards. He finished his 9-season career with 36 sacks, 8 fumble recoveries, 31 fumble return yards 10 interceptions, 115 return yards, and 2 touchdowns in 110 games. During Super Bowl XLIV, Wilson joined other members of the 1985 Chicago Bears in resurrecting the Super Bowl Shuffle in a Boost Mobile commercial. Personal life Otis is now focusing full-time on his nonprofit organization, The Otis Wilson Charitable Association, which provides an all-inclusive health and fitness program for at risk youth. The organization sponsors many events to fund their programs and they are very active in the Chicago area. Wilson's book "If These Walls Could Talk: Chicago Bears" (Triumph Books) was released in September 2017. References 1957 births Living people American football linebackers Chicago Bears players Los Angeles Raiders players Louisville Cardinals football players Players of American football from Brooklyn National Conference Pro Bowl players Syracuse Orange football players Thomas Jefferson High School (Brooklyn) alumni
31285771	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%20men%27s%20national%20under-19%20football%20team	Sweden men's national under-19 football team	Sweden men's national under-19 football team The Sweden national under-19 football team is the football team representing Sweden in competitions for under-19 year old players. Primarily, it competes to qualify for the annual UEFA European Under-19 Championship. Competitive record Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place Tournament held on home soil Under-18 era FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18 UEFA Youth Tournament Under-18 UEFA European U-18 Championship Under-19 era UEFA European U-19 Championship Players Current squad The following players were called up for the 2023 UEFA European Under-19 Championship qualification matches. Match dates: 22–28 March 2023 Opposition: Caps and goals correct as of:''' 23 November 2022, after the match against . Recent call-ups The following players were called up within the last twelve months and remain eligible for selection. See also Sweden national football team Sweden Olympic football team Sweden national under-21 football team Sweden national under-20 football team Sweden national under-17 football team UEFA European Under-19 Championship References External links SvFF Team 2001 page SvFF Team 2002 page European national under-19 association football teams F
16118233	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunc%20Rousseau	Dunc Rousseau	Dunc Rousseau Duncan Franklin Rousseau (February 10, 1945 – October 17, 2017) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward. He played 135 games in the World Hockey Association (WHA) with the Winnipeg Jets. Rousseau died of cancer October 17, 2017 at Riverview Health Centre in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Awards and achievements MJHL Second All-Star Team (1965) Turnbull Cup MJHL Championship (1965) References External links 1945 births 2017 deaths Baltimore Clippers players Canadian ice hockey forwards Dayton Gems players Ice hockey people from Manitoba People from Eastman Region, Manitoba Rochester Americans players Winnipeg Braves players Winnipeg Jets (WHA) players Deaths from cancer in Manitoba
4507421	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9	حسن السعادة	حسن السعادة (مواليد 2 يناير 1994) هو ملاكم مغربي، مثّل بلاده في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2016. روابط خارجية مراجع أشخاص مغاربة في القرن 20 رياضيون من الدار البيضاء مغاربة في القرن 21 ملاكمو وزن ثقيل خفيف ملاكمون أولمبيون مغاربة ملاكمون في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2016 ملاكمون مغاربة ملاكمون وملاكمات مغاربة مواليد 1414 هـ
984375	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A8%20%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A	قيقب سكري	قيقب سكري القيقب السكري نوع نباتي ينتمي إلى جنس القيقب من الفصيلة الصابونية. يستخرج منه شراب القيقب. موطنه ينتشر في جنوب شرق كندا (وخاصة مقاطعة كيبك) وشمال شرق الولايات المتحدة. وصفها Acer saccharum (قيقب السكر) هو نوع من القيقب المحلي في الغابات في شمال شرق أمريكا الشمالية، ومن نوفا سكوتيا غربًا لجنوب أونتاريو وجنوب جورجيا تكساس. هي شجرة نفضية عادةً تصل لارتفاعات 25-35 متر (82-115 قدم)، ومن غير المعتاد أن تصل إلى 45 متر (150 قدم). يكون طول الشجرة التي عمرها 10 أعوام حوالي 5 متر (15 قدم). الأوراق نفضية 8-15 سم في الطول وكذلك العرض مع خمس فصوص خوصية. الفص القاعدي صغير نسبيًا، بينما الفصوص العليا أكبر ومسننة بعمق. بالتباين مع التسنين ذو الزاوية الخاص بالقيقب الفضي، فبرغم ذلك، تميل الأسنان إلى أن تكون مستديرة في الداخل. لون الخريف غالبًا ما يكون رائعًا، ويتراوح من الأصفر البراق إلى البرتقالي إلى الأحمر البرتقالي اللامع. يميل قيقب السكر أيضًا إلى أن يكون لون الخريف غير متساوي. في بعض الأشجار، يمكن لكل الألوان أن ترى في نفس الوقت. هناك أيضًا ميل، وكذلك مع القيقب الأحمر، لأجزاء من الشجر الناضج أن يغير لونه قبل الميعاد بأسابيع أو بعد باقي الأشجار. براعم الأوراق مدببة وذات لون بني. في السنين الأخيرة كان نمو الأغصان أخضر، ويتحول للأسود البني. تكون الأزهار معذوقة 5-10 سويًا، اللون أخضر مصفر بدون تتويجات. يحدث الإزهار في أوائل الربيع بعد 30-55 من درجات النمو بالأيام. الفاكهة مجنحة مزدوجة ببذور مجنحة مزدوجة، البذور كروية الشكل، 7-10 مم في القطر، الجناح 2-3 سم في الطول. تسقط البذور من الشجر في الخريف. وهي مرتبطة بالقيقب الأسود، والذي يتضمن أحيانًا في هذا النوع ولكن يكون منفصل Acer nigrum. القيقب المسنن الأمريكي الغربي (Acer grandidentatum) يعتبره بعض علماء النباتات أيضًا كتنوع من النويعات لقيقب السكر. غالبصا ما يتم الخلط بين قيقب السكر وقيقب النرويج مصادر أشجار أمريكا الشمالية أشجار أونتاريو قيقب سكري قيقب سكري أشجار الولايات المتحدة قيقب سكري أشجار شرق كندا أشجار شمال شرق الولايات المتحدة أشجار شمال وسط الولايات المتحدة أشجار كندا أصنوفات سماها أندريه ميشو أنواع غير مهددة حسب منظمة NatureServe رموز فرجينيا الغربية رموز فيرمونت قيقب سكري رموز ولاية نيويورك رموز ويسكونسن قيقب سكري قيقب سكري قيقب سكري نباتات الحدائق في أمريكا الشمالية نباتات الغابات الصلبة نباتات جبال الأبلاش نباتات مستخدمة في المطبخ الأمريكي الأصلي قيقب سكري قيقب سكري
8009588	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%20%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%B4.%20%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B1	آرشي إتش. ميلر	آرشي إتش. ميلر هو محامي وسياسي أمريكي، ولد في 8 يونيو 1886 في هوبكنز في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 11 فبراير 1958 في مينيابوليس في الولايات المتحدة. نشط حزبياً في والحزب الجمهوري. وقد انتخب . مراجع أعضاء مجلس شيوخ ولاية مينيسوتا جمهوريون من مينيسوتا سياسيون أمريكيون في القرن 20 مواليد 1886 نواب حكام مينيسوتا وفيات 1958
5933709	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%20%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9	العلاقات الوسط إفريقية الغرينادية	العلاقات الوسط إفريقية الغرينادية العلاقات الوسط أفريقية الغرينادية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين جمهورية أفريقيا الوسطى وغرينادا. مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: منظمات دولية مشتركة يشترك البلدان في عضوية مجموعة من المنظمات الدولية، منها: مراجع
556202	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthium	Xanthium	Xanthium (cocklebur) is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae, native to the Americas and eastern Asia and some parts of south Asia. Description Cockleburs are coarse, herbaceous annual plants growing to tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, with deeply toothed margins. Some species, notably Xanthium spinosum, are also very thorny with long, slender spines at the leaf bases. The flower heads are of two types; One, in short terminal branches, produces only pollen. The other, in clusters in the axils of the leaves, produces seed. Unlike many other members of the family Asteraceae, whose seeds are airborne with a plume of silky hairs resembling miniature parachutes, cocklebur seeds are produced in a hard, spiny, globose or oval double-chambered, single-seeded bur long. It is covered with stiff, hooked spines, which stick to fur and clothing and can be quite difficult to detach. These burs are carried long distances from the parent plant during seed dispersal by help of animals (zoochorous). Biology Cockleburs are short-day plants, meaning they only initiate flowering when the days are getting shorter in the late summer and fall, typically from July to October in the Northern Hemisphere. They can also flower in the tropics where the daylength is constant. Diversity Over 200 names have been proposed for species, subspecies, and varieties within the genus. Most of these are regarded as synonyms of highly variable species. Some recognize as few as two or three species in the genus. The Global Compositae Checklist recognizes the following. Accepted species Xanthium albinum (Widd.) Scholz & Sukopp – Mongolia Xanthium argenteum Widder – Chile Xanthium catharticum Kunth – Chile, Bolivia, Argentina Xanthium cavanillesii Shouw – Argentina Xanthium inaequilaterum DC. – China, India, Southeast Asia Xanthium mongolicum Kitag. – Mongolia Xanthium orientale L. – Europe, North Africa, Middle East Xanthium pungens Wallr. – Australia; naturalized in Eurasia Xanthium saccharosum Xanthium spinosum L. – spiny cocklebur, burreed, Bathurst burr – very widespread, nearly cosmopolitan Xanthium strumarium L. – clotbur, rough cocklebur, large cocklebur, common cocklebur – very widespread, nearly cosmopolitan formerly included see Ambrosia Xanthium artemisioides – Ambrosia arborescens Xanthium fruticosum – Ambrosia arborescens Legal status The cocklebur is legally listed as a noxious weed in the states of Arkansas and Iowa in the United States of America. Toxicity and uses The common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) is a native of North America. It has become an invasive species worldwide. It invades agricultural lands and can be poisonous to livestock, including horses, cattle, and sheep. Some domestic animals will avoid consuming the plant if other forage is present, but less discriminating animals, such as pigs, will consume the plants and then sicken and die. The seedlings and seeds are the most toxic parts of the plants. Symptoms usually occur within a few hours, producing unsteadiness and weakness, depression, nausea and vomiting, twisting of the neck muscles, rapid and weak pulse, difficulty breathing, and eventually death. The plant also has been used for making yellow dye, hence the name of the genus (Greek xanthos means 'yellow'). The many species of this plant, which can be found in many areas, may actually be varieties of two or three species. The seed oil is edible. Xanthium strumarium is known as cang er zi (苍耳子) in traditional Chinese medicine. Xanthium is also used to treat nasal and sinus congestion. The spines and seeds of this fruit are rich in a chemical called carboxyatractyloside (CAT), formerly referred to as xanthostrumarin, which is the chemical that is responsible for most of the adverse effects from the use of cang er zi. CAT has been shown to be a growth inhibitor in Xanthium and other plants, serving two functions, delaying seed germination and inhibiting the growth of other plants. Most of the chemical is concentrated in the spines. When the bur is prepared as an herbal remedy, the spines are usually removed, reducing the CAT content of the finished product. In literature In the O. Henry novel Cabbages and Kings cockleburrs (spelt thus) are used as a plot device in the chapters Shoes and Ships to persuade the normally barefooted inhabitants of a town in the fictitious banana republic of Anchuria to buy shoes. Gallery See also List of beneficial weeds List of companion plants List of plants poisonous to equines References Further reading Asteraceae genera Medicinal plants of Asia Medicinal plants of North America Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2396068	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slava%20Medvedenko	Slava Medvedenko	Slava Medvedenko Stanislav "Slava" Medvedenko (born April 4, 1979) is a Ukrainian former professional basketball player, who played with the Atlanta Hawks and the Los Angeles Lakers in the National Basketball Association. His position was power forward. After his basketball career ended Medvedenko embarked on a political career in Ukraine. NBA career Medvedenko, who joined the Los Angeles Lakers in 2000, is known for his shoot-first mentality. His shooting technique and skill have never been in doubt, but his work ethic and defense were far behind his offensive skills in his early career. The 2003–04 season was his breakout year, as Karl Malone injured his knee and Medvedenko started the majority of games. As such, his scoring and rebounding averages doubled and he was no longer seen as a liability in the fans' eyes. Unfortunately, an injury kept him out of the 2004 pre-season and he dropped down the depth chart, unable to find his way back into the lineup under Rudy Tomjanovich. With Phil Jackson's return to the Lakers, there was hope that Medvedenko would play a greater role due to his experience with the triangle offense. However, due to a herniated disc in his lower back that required surgery, he missed almost the entire 2006 season. He was waived at the beginning of March 2006, to clear roster space to enable the Lakers to sign guard Jim Jackson. Medvedenko was signed by the Atlanta Hawks on December 28, 2006 for about $600,000, for the remainder of the season. NBA career statistics Regular season \|- \| style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"\| † \| style="text-align:left;"\| L.A. Lakers \| 7 \|\| 0 \|\| 5.6 \|\| .480 \|\| 1.000 \|\| .583 \|\| 1.3 \|\| .3 \|\| .1 \|\| .1 \|\| 4.6 \|- \| style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"\| † \| style="text-align:left;"\| L.A. Lakers \| 71 \|\| 6 \|\| 10.3 \|\| .477 \|\| .000 \|\| .661 \|\| 2.2 \|\| .6 \|\| .4 \|\| .2 \|\| 4.7 \|- \| style="text-align:left;"\| \| style="text-align:left;"\| L.A. Lakers \| 58 \|\| 10 \|\| 10.7 \|\| .434 \|\| .000 \|\| .721 \|\| 2.4 \|\| .3 \|\| .2 \|\| .1 \|\| 4.4 \|- \| style="text-align:left;"\| \| style="text-align:left;"\| L.A. Lakers \| 68 \|\| 38 \|\| 21.2 \|\| .441 \|\| .000 \|\| .767 \|\| 5.0 \|\| .8 \|\| .6 \|\| .3 \|\| 8.3 \|- \| style="text-align:left;"\| \| style="text-align:left;"\| L.A. Lakers \| 43 \|\| 4 \|\| 9.8 \|\| .455 \|\| .000 \|\| .821 \|\| 1.8 \|\| .3 \|\| .2 \|\| .0 \|\| 3.8 \|- \| style="text-align:left;"\| \| style="text-align:left;"\| L.A. Lakers \| 2 \|\| 0 \|\| 3.0 \|\| .500 \|\| .000 \|\| .000 \|\| .0 \|\| .5 \|\| .0 \|\| .0 \|\| 1.0 \|- \| style="text-align:left;"\| \| style="text-align:left;"\| Atlanta \| 14 \|\| 0 \|\| 5.8 \|\| .414 \|\| .500 \|\| .850 \|\| 1.0 \|\| .1 \|\| .0 \|\| .1 \|\| 3.0 \|- class="sortbottom" \| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" \| Career \| 263 \|\| 58 \|\| 12.7 \|\| .450 \|\| .154 \|\| .740 \|\| 2.8 \|\| .5 \|\| .3 \|\| .2 \|\| 5.3 Playoffs \|- \| style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"\| 2002† \| style="text-align:left;"\| L.A. Lakers \| 7 \|\| 0 \|\| 3.0 \|\| .600 \|\| .000 \|\| .000 \|\| .6 \|\| .0 \|\| .0 \|\| .0 \|\| .9 \|- \| style="text-align:left;"\| 2003 \| style="text-align:left;"\| L.A. Lakers \| 9 \|\| 0 \|\| 8.1 \|\| .556 \|\| .000 \|\| .667 \|\| 2.0 \|\| .1 \|\| .1 \|\| .1 \|\| 3.8 \|- \| style="text-align:left;"\| 2004 \| style="text-align:left;"\| L.A. Lakers \| 21 \|\| 1 \|\| 11.3 \|\| .440 \|\| .000 \|\| .810 \|\| 2.5 \|\| .5 \|\| .2 \|\| .2 \|\| 4.0 \|- class="sortbottom" \| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" \| Career \| 37 \|\| 1 \|\| 8.9 \|\| .477 \|\| .000 \|\| .778 \|\| 2.0 \|\| .3 \|\| .1 \|\| .1 \|\| 3.3 Political career Medvedenko was a candidate (number 11 on the election list) for the Kyiv City Council of the party Voice in the 2020 Kyiv local election set for 25 October 2020. But the party only managed to win 9 seats. Military career In 2022, he auctioned off both his NBA championship rings and memorabilia in order to raise money for the Ukrainian military. He and his wife both served in the military during Russian war against Ukraine. He was gifted two replacement championship rings in 2023 by Jeanie Buss. The ceremony was also attended by Paul Gasol and Sasha Vujacic. References External links Player profile on NBA.com Player profile on ESPN.com Interview with Medvedenko Slava's First American TV Interview Player profile on basketball-reference.com 1979 births Living people Atlanta Hawks players BC Budivelnyk players Los Angeles Lakers players National Basketball Association players from Ukraine Power forwards (basketball) Ukrainian expatriate basketball people in the United States Ukrainian men's basketball players Undrafted National Basketball Association players Voice (Ukrainian political party) politicians 21st-century Ukrainian politicians
2811948	https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%20%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85	المركز الفلسطيني للإعلام	المركز الفلسطيني للإعلام، هو موقع إلكتروني إعلامي متخصص في القضية الفلسطينية بأبعادها السياسية والدينية والحضارية، وهو من المواقع الأكثر زيارة في فلسطين حسب ترتيب أليكسا. تاريخ كانت بداية الشبكة عام 1997م حيث قام بتأسيسها مجموعة من الشباب الفلسطيني. الأول في فلسطين 2014 حسب ترتيب أليكسا أصبحت شبكة فلسطين للحوار وهو منتدى تابع للموقع بعد سنوات من التفاعل هي الشبكة الحوارية الفلسطينية الأولى على شبكة الإنترنت بعدد أعضائها وأرقام موضوعاتها. محاولات تدميره تعرض الموقع منذ افتتاحه إلى محاولات متعددة ومتنوعة المصادر والأسلوب مستهدفة تعطيله وإخماد صوته، وكان منها المحاولات المحمومة التي بذلت وما زالت تبذل منذ بداية انتفاضة الأقصى لتعطيل الموقع. ويتعرض الموقع باستمرار لطوفان من الرسائل التي يرسلها الموساد الصهيوني وتستهدف تعطيل السيرفر وعلى فترات مختلفة كما يتلقى الموقع يوميا المئات من رسائل التهديد من جهات صهيونية متعددة وعلى رأسها الموساد وحكومة دولة الكيان إسرائيل. اجتماعياً قوبل افتتاح الموقع بترحيب عربي وإسلامي واسع ونشر الموقع في عدة مجلات من بينها مجلة إنترنت العالم العربي التي اختارته موقع الشهر في مارس 1998 ونشرت عدة إذاعات ومحطات فضائية أخبارا عنه وتناولته بعض وسائل الإعلام الغربية بالتحليل. يستقبل الموقع آلاف رسائل التأييد والمؤازرة التي تصل من جميع أنحاء العالم، ومن أبرز الدول التي تصل منها رسائل التأييد، أمريكا وألمانيا وإيطاليا وجنوب افريقيا واليابان واستراليا وماليزيا وأندونيسيا والباكستان وأفغانستان ومعظم الدول العربية والإسلامية. لغات وروابط الشبكة العربية (اللغة الأساسية). الإنجليزية (بدأ العمل بها في 1 يناير 1998). الفرنسية . التركية. الروسية (بدأ العمل بها في أوائل حزيران 2001). لغة ملايو (بدأ العمل بها في 20 حزيران 2001). الباكستانية "أوردو" (بدأ العمل بها في 10 أكتوبر 2002). الفارسية. حجب الموقع في الضفة الغربية في حزيران 2017 قامت السلطة الفلسطينية في رام الله بحجب العديد من المواقع الإلكترونية الإعلامية ومن ضمنها المركز الفلسطيني للإعلام، وقال مدير مكتب المركز الفلسطيني للاعلام «رزق الغرابلي»: «تعرض موقع المركز الفلسطيني للحجب، وكان من أوائل المواقع التي طالها أمر الحجب (تم ذلك يوم 15/6)، فبعد أن فشلنا في فتح الموقع عبر المتصفحات، بدأت الصحافة تتداول خبر حجب عدة مواقع وذكرت حينها أسماء 11 موقعاً طالها الحجب». حذف صفحاته على السوشال ميديا روابط خارجية مصادر ومراجع إعلام فلسطين تأسيسات سنة 1997 في فلسطين خدمات إخبارية متعددة اللغات مواقع ويب أسست في 1997 مواقع ويب أسست في 1998 مواقع ويب إخبارية مواقع ويب إخبارية فلسطينية مواقع ويب إسلامية مواقع ويب باللغة الأردوية مواقع ويب باللغة الإنجليزية مواقع ويب باللغة التركية مواقع ويب باللغة الروسية مواقع ويب باللغة العربية مواقع ويب باللغة الفارسية مواقع ويب باللغة الفرنسية مواقع ويب باللغة الملايوية مواقع ويب سياسية مواقع ويب متعددة اللغات

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