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Context: As the Soga clan had taken control of the throne in the sixth century, the Fujiwara by the ninth century had intermarried with the imperial family, and one of their members was the first head of the Emperor's Private Office. Another Fujiwara became regent, Sesshō for his grandson, then a minor emperor, and yet another was appointed Kampaku. Toward the end of the ninth century, several emperors tried, but failed, to check the Fujiwara. For a time, however, during the reign of Emperor Daigo (897-930), the Fujiwara regency was suspended as he ruled directly. Question: In what century did the Soga family take the throne? Answer: sixth Question: A member of what clan became the head of the Emperor's Private Office? Answer: Fujiwara Question: Which emperor suspended the Fujiwara clan's power? Answer: Daigo Question: Emperor Daigo ruled during what years? Answer: 897-930 Question: What family took control of the throne in the 600's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What family usurped the throne in the 9th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which emperor gave the Fujiware more power? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the first Japanese Emperor to rule directly? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: When the U.S. entered World War I he immediately requested an overseas assignment but was again denied and then assigned to Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas. In February 1918 he was transferred to Camp Meade in Maryland with the 65th Engineers. His unit was later ordered to France but to his chagrin he received orders for the new tank corps, where he was promoted to brevet Lieutenant Colonel in the National Army. He commanded a unit that trained tank crews at Camp Colt – his first command – at the site of "Pickett's Charge" on the Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Civil War battleground. Though Eisenhower and his tank crews never saw combat, he displayed excellent organizational skills, as well as an ability to accurately assess junior officers' strengths and make optimal placements of personnel. Question: What military installation was Eisenhower assigned to when the United States entered the First World War? Answer: Ft. Leavenworth Question: What unit did Eisenhower serve with at Camp Meade? Answer: 65th Engineers Question: To what rank was Eisenhower brevetted after being transferred to the tank corps? Answer: Lieutenant Colonel Question: What famous military event occurred at the site of Camp Colt? Answer: Pickett's Charge Question: In what state was Camp Meade located? Answer: Maryland
Context: The Grands Magasins Dufayel was a huge department store with inexpensive prices built in 1890 in the northern part of Paris, where it reached a very large new customer base in the working class. In a neighborhood with few public spaces, it provided a consumer version of the public square. It educated workers to approach shopping as an exciting social activity not just a routine exercise in obtaining necessities, just as the bourgeoisie did at the famous department stores in the central city. Like the bourgeois stores, it helped transform consumption from a business transaction into a direct relationship between consumer and sought-after goods. Its advertisements promised the opportunity to participate in the newest, most fashionable consumerism at reasonable cost. The latest technology was featured, such as cinemas and exhibits of inventions like X-ray machines (that could be used to fit shoes) and the gramophone. Question: Where was The Grands Magasins Dufayel built? Answer: the northern part of Paris Question: What were employees taught that made a shopping experience different? Answer: exciting social activity not just a routine exercise in obtaining necessities Question: What sort of stores were The Grands Magasins Dufayel compared to? Answer: bourgeois stores Question: How were these stores different than most during that time? Answer: transform consumption from a business transaction into a direct relationship between consumer and sought-after goods Question: Where weren't The Grands Magasins Dufayel built? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What weren't employees taught that made a shopping experience different? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were employees taught that made a shopping experience the same? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What sort of stores were The Grands Magasins Dufayel not compared to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How were these stores the same as most during that time? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Continuing his experiments in Brantford, Bell brought home a working model of his telephone. On August 3, 1876, from the telegraph office in Mount Pleasant five miles (eight km) away from Brantford, Bell sent a tentative telegram indicating that he was ready. With curious onlookers packed into the office as witnesses, faint voices were heard replying. The following night, he amazed guests as well as his family when a message was received at the Bell home from Brantford, four miles (six km) distant, along an improvised wire strung up along telegraph lines and fences, and laid through a tunnel. This time, guests at the household distinctly heard people in Brantford reading and singing. These experiments clearly proved that the telephone could work over long distances. Question: From what city did Bell send his first message? Answer: Mount Pleasant Question: Bell sent messages over wires hooked onto telegraph lines and what? Answer: fences Question: What did the group at the Bells house hear other people doing? Answer: reading and singing
Context: An exception is the United States, where patents filed prior to 8 June 1995 expire 17 years after the publication date of the patent, but application extensions make it possible for a patent to issue much later than normally expected (see submarine patents). The various MP3-related patents expire on dates ranging from 2007 to 2017 in the U.S. Patents filed for anything disclosed in ISO CD 11172 a year or more after its publication are questionable. If only the known MP3 patents filed by December 1992 are considered, then MP3 decoding has been patent-free in the US since 22 September 2015 when U.S. Patent 5,812,672 expired which had a PCT filing in October 1992. If the longest-running patent mentioned in the aforementioned references is taken as a measure, then the MP3 technology will be patent-free in the United States on 30 December 2017 when U.S. Patent 5,703,999, held by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and administered by Technicolor, expires. Question: How long does it take for patents to expire in the United States? Answer: 17 years after the publication date Question: A patent issue much later than normally expected can be referred to as what? Answer: submarine patents Question: What year is the latest that MP3 related patents will expire on in the United States? Answer: 2017 Question: Who holds the longest running MP3 patent in the United States? Answer: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Question: Who administered the longest running MP3 patent in the United States? Answer: Technicolor
Context: Much media attention on the season had been focused on the three black singers, Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson, dubbed the Three Divas. All three unexpectedly landed on the bottom three on the top seven result show, with Hudson controversially eliminated. Elton John, who was one of the mentors that season, called the results of the votes "incredibly racist". The prolonged stays of John Stevens and Jasmine Trias in the finals, despite negative comments from the judges, had aroused resentment, so much so that John Stevens reportedly received a death threat, which he dismissed as a joke 'blown out of proportion'. Question: What were the three black female contestants on season three of American Idol commonly referred to as? Answer: the Three Divas Question: Which contestant was eliminated during the week of the top seven? Answer: Jennifer Hudson Question: What famous singer made claims of racism after Jennifer Hudson was eliminated from American Idol? Answer: Elton John Question: Which season three contestant on American Idol was the recipient of reported death threats? Answer: John Stevens Question: What were Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London and Jennifer Hudson called? Answer: the Three Divas Question: Which of the three was eliminated? Answer: Jennifer Hudson Question: Who said that the results were racist? Answer: Elton John Question: Which contestant reportedly received a death threat on the show? Answer: John Stevens
Context: Since their domestication, a large number of breeds of chickens have been established, but with the exception of the white Leghorn, most commercial birds are of hybrid origin. In about 1800, chickens began to be kept on a larger scale, and modern high-output poultry farms were present in the United Kingdom from around 1920 and became established in the United States soon after the Second World War. By the mid-20th century, the poultry meat-producing industry was of greater importance than the egg-laying industry. Poultry breeding has produced breeds and strains to fulfil different needs; light-framed, egg-laying birds that can produce 300 eggs a year; fast-growing, fleshy birds destined for consumption at a young age, and utility birds which produce both an acceptable number of eggs and a well-fleshed carcase. Male birds are unwanted in the egg-laying industry and can often be identified as soon as they are hatch for subsequent culling. In meat breeds, these birds are sometimes castrated (often chemically) to prevent aggression. The resulting bird, called a capon, has more tender and flavorful meat, as well. Question: Are there any purebreed lines for poultry today? Answer: with the exception of the white Leghorn, most commercial birds are of hybrid origin. Question: When did the poultry business boom in the United States ? Answer: By the mid-20th century, the poultry meat-producing industry was of greater importance than the egg-laying industry Question: How has breeding helped in the pultry industry? Answer: light-framed, egg-laying birds that can produce 300 eggs a year; fast-growing, fleshy birds destined for consumption Question: How can you normally identify a cock when recently hatched? Answer: can often be identified as soon as they are hatch for subsequent culling Question: What began in 1820? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What became present in the United Kingdom in 1900? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was of greater importance than the poultry meat-producing industry in the mid-20th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many eggs can male birds produce in a year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did modern high-output poultry farms become established in the United States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why does no breeding for poultry exist today? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the poultry business end permanently in the United States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How has breeding destroyed the poultry industry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How can you normally identify a cock when it doesn't hatch? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What birds are castrated to increase aggression? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2012, news was released about a new farming site discovered in Munam-ri, Goseong, Gangwon Province, South Korea, which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia. "No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before, the institute said, adding that the discovery reveals that the history of agricultural cultivation at least began during the period on the Korean Peninsula". The farm was dated between 3600 and 3000 B.C. Pottery, stone projectile points, and possible houses were also found. "In 2002, researchers discovered prehistoric earthenware, jade earrings, among other items in the area". The research team will perform accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating to retrieve a more precise date for the site. Question: When was the earliest known Asian farm site found in South Korea? Answer: 2012 Question: What time period was the Korean farm site dated? Answer: between 3600 and 3000 B.C. Question: What items were found on the Korean farm site? Answer: Pottery, stone projectile points, and possible houses Question: What technology will researchers use to measure a more accurate time period for the farm site? Answer: accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) Question: When was the earliest known Asian farm site found in the AMS? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What time period was the AMS farm site dated? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What items were found on the AMS farm site? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What technology will researchers use to measure a more accurate discovery for the farm site? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did researchers discover prehistoric plants? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Some Western writers claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam. Thus, commenting in 1734 on the passage in the Qur'an, "I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones", George Sale stated: "It is not improbable that the pretended immaculate conception of the virgin Mary is intimated in this passage. For according to a tradition of Mohammed, every person that comes into the world, is touched at his birth by the devil, and therefore cries out, Mary and her son only excepted; between whom, and the evil spirit God placed a veil, so that his touch did not reach them. And for this reason they say, neither of them were guilty of any sin, like the rest of the children of Adam." Question: What religion is credited by some authors from the west for initiating the story of the conceiving of Mary ? Answer: claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam. Question: What do these authors use in the form of proof for credit given to the other religion ? Answer: passage in the Qur'an, "I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones Question: According to the teaching of this other religion what occurred to Mary during the birth of her first child ? Answer: Mary and her son only excepted; between whom, and the evil spirit God placed a veil, so that his touch did not reach them. Question: What does this other religion also state happens to everyone besides Mary and her First born child ? Answer: every person that comes into the world, is touched at his birth by the devil Question: What does the event cause to happen to everyone but Mary and her first born child ? Answer: every person that comes into the world, is touched at his birth by the devil, and therefore cries out, Question: Who does Islam claim first taught the immaculate conception of Mary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who says it is not that the concept of the Immaculat conception is taken from the Qur'an? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Qur'an say is pretended? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Bible say happens to every person that comes into the world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Holy Spitit place between Mary and the devil? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III. Question: What is the meaning of Thorn Ey? Answer: Thorn Island Question: When was a church first founded at the site? Answer: 7th century Question: Who was Mellitus? Answer: a Bishop of London Question: When was construction of the present church started? Answer: 1245 Question: Who ordered the construction of the church? Answer: King Henry III Question: What year did the destruction of the church begin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who commissioned the Abbey to be destroyed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the area never named? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what century wasn't the church established at the location? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wasn't the Bishop in this time frame? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: By 2013, Madonna's Raising Malawi organization built ten schools to educate 4,000 children in Malawi at a value of $400,000. When Madonna visited the schools in April 2013, President of Malawi Joyce Banda expressed criticism of the star and her charity, accusing her of exaggerating her charity's contribution. Madonna responded by releasing a statement saying she was saddened that Banda had chosen to act negatively about her endeavors. "I have no intention of being distracted by these ridiculous allegations," she added. Later, it was confirmed that Banda had not approved the statement released written by her press team and was "incandescent with anger" over the mix-up. Question: By 2013, how many did Madonna's Raising Malawi organization built? Answer: ten schools Question: When did Madonna visit Malawi's school? Answer: April 2013 Question: Who criticized Madonna's charity efforts, stating that she exaggerated her contributions? Answer: President of Malawi Joyce Banda
Context: Commercially cultivated grapes can usually be classified as either table or wine grapes, based on their intended method of consumption: eaten raw (table grapes) or used to make wine (wine grapes). While almost all of them belong to the same species, Vitis vinifera, table and wine grapes have significant differences, brought about through selective breeding. Table grape cultivars tend to have large, seedless fruit (see below) with relatively thin skin. Wine grapes are smaller, usually seeded, and have relatively thick skins (a desirable characteristic in winemaking, since much of the aroma in wine comes from the skin). Wine grapes also tend to be very sweet: they are harvested at the time when their juice is approximately 24% sugar by weight. By comparison, commercially produced "100% grape juice", made from table grapes, is usually around 15% sugar by weight. Question: What are grapes that are eaten raw classified as? Answer: table grapes Question: What are grapes that are used to make wine classified as? Answer: wine grapes Question: What specie are table grapes and wine grapes? Answer: Vitis vinifera Question: What Classification of grapes are typically large and seedless? Answer: Table grape Question: What percentage of a wine grape is sugar when it is harvested? Answer: approximately 24%
Context: Victoria was physically unprepossessing—she was stout, dowdy and no more than five feet tall—but she succeeded in projecting a grand image. She experienced unpopularity during the first years of her widowhood, but was well liked during the 1880s and 1890s, when she embodied the empire as a benevolent matriarchal figure. Only after the release of her diary and letters did the extent of her political influence become known to the wider public. Biographies of Victoria written before much of the primary material became available, such as Lytton Strachey's Queen Victoria of 1921, are now considered out of date. The biographies written by Elizabeth Longford and Cecil Woodham-Smith, in 1964 and 1972 respectively, are still widely admired. They, and others, conclude that as a person Victoria was emotional, obstinate, honest, and straight-talking. Question: How tall was Queen Victoria? Answer: no more than five feet tall Question: The extent of Victorias political influence became well known after the publishing of what? Answer: her diary and letters Question: What year did Elizabeth Longford write a biography of Victoria? Answer: 1964 Question: What year did Cecil Woodham Smith writ Victorias biography? Answer: 1972 Question: How tall was Queen Victoria? Answer: five feet Question: Who wrote the biography about Queen Victoria that is now considered to be out of date? Answer: Lytton Strachey Question: What woman wrote a biography of Queen Victoria in 1964? Answer: Elizabeth Longford Question: When did Celcil Woodham-Smith also write a well recieved biography about Victoria? Answer: 1972 Question: What was Victoria like, physically? Answer: stout, dowdy and no more than five feet tall Question: When did people really start to understand the political mind of Queen Victoria? Answer: after the release of her diary and letters Question: Who were two good biographers of Queen Victoria? Answer: Elizabeth Longford and Cecil Woodham-Smith Question: When were the best biographies of Queen Victoria written? Answer: 1964 and 1972 Question: What kind of person was Victoria? Answer: emotional, obstinate, honest, and straight-talking Question: How tall was Queen Victor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The extent of Victorias political influence became unknown after the publishing of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Elizabeth Longford read a biography of Victoria? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Cecil Woodham Smith read Victorias biography Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who read the biography about Queen Victoria that is now considered to be out of date? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The effects of the "Twin Shocks"—the Soviet entry and the atomic bombing—were profound. On 10 August the "sacred decision" was made by Japanese Cabinet to accept the Potsdam terms on one condition: the "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler". At noon on 15 August, after the American government's intentionally ambiguous reply, stating that the "authority" of the emperor "shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers", the Emperor broadcast to the nation and to the world at large the rescript of surrender, ending the Second World War. Question: How did the Japanese refer to the atomic bombings and the Soviet invasion? Answer: "Twin Shocks" Question: When did Japan surrender? Answer: 15 August Question: What was the one condition Japan wanted before accepting the Potsdam terms? Answer: "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler" Question: What was the reply to Japan about the surrender condition? Answer: "authority" of the emperor "shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers" Question: What was it called when the Japanese Cabinet accepted the Potsdam terms? Answer: "sacred decision"
Context: The language was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 1700s. Although most colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left. Sizable Russian-speaking communities also exist in North America, especially in large urban centers of the U.S. and Canada, such as New York City, Philadelphia, Boston, Los Angeles, Nashville, San Francisco, Seattle, Spokane, Toronto, Baltimore, Miami, Chicago, Denver and Cleveland. In a number of locations they issue their own newspapers, and live in ethnic enclaves (especially the generation of immigrants who started arriving in the early 1960s). Only about 25% of them are ethnic Russians, however. Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the overwhelming majority of Russophones in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews. Afterward, the influx from the countries of the former Soviet Union changed the statistics somewhat, with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians immigrating along with some more Russian Jews and Central Asians. According to the United States Census, in 2007 Russian was the primary language spoken in the homes of over 850,000 individuals living in the United States. Question: Where did Russian explorers first reach North America? Answer: Alaska Question: When did Russian explorers first reach North America? Answer: 1700s Question: When did the US buy Alaska? Answer: 1867 Question: What portion of Russian-speaking Americans are ethnic Russians? Answer: about 25% Question: What is the term for Russian-speaking people? Answer: Russophones Question: What did New York buy in the 1700's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did explorers from North America first reach Russia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the term for Jews living in Russia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Jews lived in Russia in the 1700's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Central Asians immigrate to Russia? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After fourteen consecutive years of economic growth, Greece went into recession in 2008. By the end of 2009, the Greek economy faced the highest budget deficit and government debt-to-GDP ratios in the EU. After several upward revisions, the 2009 budget deficit is now estimated at 15.7% of GDP. This, combined with rapidly rising debt levels (127.9% of GDP in 2009) led to a precipitous increase in borrowing costs, effectively shutting Greece out of the global financial markets and resulting in a severe economic crisis. Question: How many years of consecutive growth had Greece had? Answer: fourteen Question: When did Greece go into recession? Answer: in 2008 Question: What did the Greek economy have the highest of at the end of 2009? Answer: budget deficit Question: What percentage of GDP was the budget deficit of Greece in 2009? Answer: 15.7% Question: What type of crisis resulted from the budget deficit and rising debt levels of Greece? Answer: severe economic Question: How many years of consecutive growth has Greece lost? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Greece reverse their recession? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Greek economy have the lowest of at the end of 2009? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of GDP was the budget surplus of Greece in 2009? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of crisis was averted from the budget surplus and lowering debt levels of Greece? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Back in Warsaw that year, Chopin heard Niccolò Paganini play the violin, and composed a set of variations, Souvenir de Paganini. It may have been this experience which encouraged him to commence writing his first Études, (1829–32), exploring the capacities of his own instrument. On 11 August, three weeks after completing his studies at the Warsaw Conservatory, he made his debut in Vienna. He gave two piano concerts and received many favourable reviews—in addition to some commenting (in Chopin's own words) that he was "too delicate for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists". In one of these concerts, he premiered his Variations on Là ci darem la mano, Op. 2 (variations on an aria from Mozart's opera Don Giovanni) for piano and orchestra. He returned to Warsaw in September 1829, where he premiered his Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21 on 17 March 1830. Question: What did Frédéric compose after hearing Niccolò Paganini perform on the violin? Answer: Souvenir de Paganini Question: During what month did Frédéric make his first appearance in Vienna? Answer: August Question: How many piano concerts did Frédéric perform in Vienna during this time? Answer: two Question: On what date did Frédéric give his first performance of Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21? Answer: 17 March 1830 Question: What did Chopin compose after hearing Niccolo Paganini? Answer: Souvenir de Paganini Question: Where did Chopin debut after completing his studies? Answer: Vienna Question: What piece did Chopin debut after returning to Warsaw? Answer: Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21 Question: When did Chopin return to Warsaw? Answer: September 1829 Question: Why did some critics say that Chopin was too delicate? Answer: accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists Question: Who did Chopin hear play violin in 1829 that prompted him to write a composisition? Answer: Niccolò Paganini Question: Where did Chopin make his debut after completing his education? Answer: Vienna Question: How many public performances did Chopin do where he made his debut after completing his education? Answer: two Question: How many weeks after completing school was it before Chopin made his public debut? Answer: three
Context: Proto-Slavic, sometimes referred to as Common Slavic or Late Proto-Slavic, is defined as the last stage of the language preceding the geographical split of the historical Slavic languages. That language was uniform, and on the basis of borrowings from foreign languages and Slavic borrowings into other languages, cannot be said to have any recognizable dialects, suggesting a comparatively compact homeland. Slavic linguistic unity was to some extent visible as late as Old Church Slavonic manuscripts which, though based on local Slavic speech of Thessaloniki, could still serve the purpose of the first common Slavic literary language. Question: Proto-Slavic is sometimes referred to as what? Answer: Common Slavic or Late Proto-Slavic Question: What is defined as the last stage of the language preceding the geographical split of the historical Slavic languages? Answer: Proto-Slavic Question: Old Church Slavonic manuscripts were based on the local Slavic speech of what? Answer: Thessaloniki Question: What could still serve the purpose of the first common Slavic literary language? Answer: Old Church Slavonic manuscripts Question: What is another term for Old Church Slavonic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the language after the geographical split? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Proto-slavic language have in multiple recognizable variations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What speech did Old Church Slavonic influence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Thessaloniki the first example of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Until about 1855 the words near east and far east did not refer to any particular region. The far East, a phrase containing a noun, East, qualified by an adjective, far, could be at any location in the "far east" of the speaker's home territory. The Ottoman Empire, for example, was the far East as much as the East Indies. The Crimean War brought a change in vocabulary with the introduction of terms more familiar to the late 19th century. The Russian Empire had entered a more aggressive phase, becoming militarily active against the Ottoman Empire and also against China, with territorial aggrandizement explicitly in mind. Rethinking its policy the British government decided that the two polities under attack were necessary for the balance of power. It therefore undertook to oppose the Russians in both places, one result being the Crimean War. During that war the administration of the British Empire began promulgating a new vocabulary, giving specific regional meaning to "the Near East," the Ottoman Empire, and "the Far East," the East Indies. The two terms were now compound nouns often shown hyphenated. Question: Until what year did the words near east and far east not refer to any particular region? Answer: 1855 Question: What brought a change in vocabulary? Answer: The Crimean War Question: The Russian Empire became more militarily active against who? Answer: the Ottoman Empire Question: Who decided the two polities under attack were necessary for the balance of power? Answer: the British government Question: What empire began promulgating a new vocabulary? Answer: the British Empire
Context: Some species of marine animals exist and rely, directly or indirectly, on the phytoplankton. Antarctic sea life includes penguins, blue whales, orcas, colossal squids and fur seals. The emperor penguin is the only penguin that breeds during the winter in Antarctica, while the Adélie penguin breeds farther south than any other penguin. The rockhopper penguin has distinctive feathers around the eyes, giving the appearance of elaborate eyelashes. King penguins, chinstrap penguins, and gentoo penguins also breed in the Antarctic. Question: What sea plankton doe many sea creatures rely on to live? Answer: phytoplankton Question: What breed of penguin lives in Antarctica? Answer: emperor penguin Question: During what season does the emperor penguin breed? Answer: winter Question: What feature does the rockhopper penguin have around its eyes? Answer: feathers Question: Which penguin breeds the furterest south of all the penguin breeds? Answer: Adélie Question: What do the phytolankton depend on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What animals live on the continent of Antarctica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the only penguin that breeds on Antarctica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What penguin breeds south of Antarctica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of feathers do king penguins have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do marine animals directly rely on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Adelie penguin the only one to do during winter in Antarctica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What direction does the Emperor penguin go further than any other to breed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Page ii contains quotations by William Whewell and Francis Bacon on the theology of natural laws, harmonising science and religion in accordance with Isaac Newton's belief in a rational God who established a law-abiding cosmos. In the second edition, Darwin added an epigraph from Joseph Butler affirming that God could work through scientific laws as much as through miracles, in a nod to the religious concerns of his oldest friends. The Introduction establishes Darwin's credentials as a naturalist and author, then refers to John Herschel's letter suggesting that the origin of species "would be found to be a natural in contradistinction to a miraculous process": Question: What was Isaac Newton's belief about God on the theory of natural law? Answer: a rational God who established a law-abiding cosmos Question: Whose epigraph did Darwin add to On the Origin of Species harmonizing God with science and miracles together? Answer: Joseph Butler Question: Whose letter does the introduction to On the Origin of Species refer? Answer: John Herschel Question: In which edition of On the Origin of Species was the epigraph from Joseph Butler added? Answer: the second edition
Context: A police force is a constituted body of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder. Their powers include the legitimized use of force. The term is most commonly associated with police services of a sovereign state that are authorized to exercise the police power of that state within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility. Police forces are often defined as being separate from military or other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors; however, gendarmerie are military units charged with civil policing. Question: What does the state want a police force to do? Answer: enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder Question: What are gendarmerie? Answer: military units charged with civil policing Question: What are police usually separate from? Answer: military or other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors Question: What does the state want a police force not to do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the president want a police force to do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What aren't gendarmerie? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are police usually together with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are police never separate from? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: At Princeton, the physicist Robert R. Wilson encouraged Feynman to participate in the Manhattan Project—the wartime U.S. Army project at Los Alamos developing the atomic bomb. Feynman said he was persuaded to join this effort to build it before Nazi Germany developed their own bomb. He was assigned to Hans Bethe's theoretical division and impressed Bethe enough to be made a group leader. He and Bethe developed the Bethe–Feynman formula for calculating the yield of a fission bomb, which built upon previous work by Robert Serber. Question: Which weaponry research did Feynman engage in? Answer: Manhattan Project Question: Whose division was Feynman assigned to at the Manhattan Project? Answer: Hans Bethe Question: What did Feynman produce with the help of Bethe? Answer: Bethe–Feynman formula Question: What was the purpose of the Bethe-Feynman formula? Answer: calculating the yield of a fission bomb Question: Who had previously worked on fission bomb yields before Feynman? Answer: Robert Serber Question: Which weaponry research did Feynman oppose? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose division was Feynman restricted from at the Manhattan Project? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Feynman produce without the help of Bethe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why was the Bethe-Feynman formula unnecessary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who had never worked on fission bomb yields before Feynman? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Windows 8 development started before Windows 7 had shipped in 2009. At the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2011, it was announced that the next version of Windows would add support for ARM system-on-chips alongside the existing x86 processors produced by vendors, especially AMD and Intel. Windows division president Steven Sinofsky demonstrated an early build of the port on prototype devices, while Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer announced the company's goal for Windows to be "everywhere on every kind of device without compromise." Details also began to surface about a new application framework for Windows 8 codenamed "Jupiter", which would be used to make "immersive" applications using XAML (similarly to Windows Phone and Silverlight) that could be distributed via a new packaging system and a rumored application store. Question: When did Microsoft start creating Windows 8? Answer: before Windows 7 had shipped in 2009 Question: Who is Windows division president? Answer: Steven Sinofsky Question: Who is Microsofts CEO? Answer: Steve Ballmer Question: Where were the Windows 8 plans initially announced? Answer: Consumer Electronics Show Question: What is jupiter? Answer: new application framework for Windows 8 Question: Who is Windows division vice president? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Microsoft start creating Windows 9? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is Microsofts CFO? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where were the Windows 9 plans initially announced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't jupiter? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Other theaters include Lyric Theatre, Jewel Box Theatre, Kirkpatrick Auditorium, the Poteet Theatre, the Oklahoma City Community College Bruce Owen Theater and the 488-seat Petree Recital Hall, at the Oklahoma City University campus. The university also opened the Wanda L Bass School of Music and auditorium in April 2006. Question: When was the Wanda L Bass School of Music and auditorium opened? Answer: April 2006
Context: After DNA replication is complete, the cell must physically separate the two copies of the genome and divide into two distinct membrane-bound cells.:18.2 In prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) this usually occurs via a relatively simple process called binary fission, in which each circular genome attaches to the cell membrane and is separated into the daughter cells as the membrane invaginates to split the cytoplasm into two membrane-bound portions. Binary fission is extremely fast compared to the rates of cell division in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cell division is a more complex process known as the cell cycle; DNA replication occurs during a phase of this cycle known as S phase, whereas the process of segregating chromosomes and splitting the cytoplasm occurs during M phase.:18.1 Question: What is one thing the cell must do once DNA replication is compete? Answer: physically separate the two copies of the genome Question: What is another thing the cell must do once DNA replication is complete? Answer: divide into two distinct membrane-bound cells Question: In binary fission, what shape is each genome? Answer: circular Question: In binary fission. when does each genome separate into daughter cells? Answer: as the membrane invaginates to split the cytoplasm Question: Compared to the rates of cell division in eukaryotes, with what speed does binary fission occur? Answer: extremely fast
Context: Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of goods, discipline, or the service of their titular churches. They are allowed to celebrate Mass and hear confessions and lead visits and pilgrimages to their titular churches, in coordination with the staff of the church. They often support their churches monetarily, and many Cardinals do keep in contact with the pastoral staffs of their titular churches. Question: Where do the cardinals work? Answer: a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees Question: What do cardinals do in order to influence governing or administration of goods, discipline, or service of their titular churches? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which Moroccan cities do cardinals get assigned to their titular church? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What duties are nuns allowed to perform? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who does not offer monetary support to their titular churches? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do many nuns do for their titular churches? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Bacterial species differ in the number and arrangement of flagella on their surface; some have a single flagellum (monotrichous), a flagellum at each end (amphitrichous), clusters of flagella at the poles of the cell (lophotrichous), while others have flagella distributed over the entire surface of the cell (peritrichous). The bacterial flagella is the best-understood motility structure in any organism and is made of about 20 proteins, with approximately another 30 proteins required for its regulation and assembly. The flagellum is a rotating structure driven by a reversible motor at the base that uses the electrochemical gradient across the membrane for power. This motor drives the motion of the filament, which acts as a propeller. Question: What is monotrichous? Answer: single flagellum Question: If bacteria has flagellum at each end what is the name of the species? Answer: amphitrichous Question: When flagellum is distributed throughout the surface of the cell? Answer: peritrichous Question: How many proteins is typical flagellum consist os? Answer: 20 proteins Question: How does flagellum function within the cell? Answer: uses the electrochemical gradient across the membrane
Context: In 1955, the diaries of Napoleon's valet, Louis Marchand, were published. His description of Napoleon in the months before his death led Sten Forshufvud in a 1961 paper in Nature to put forward other causes for his death, including deliberate arsenic poisoning. Arsenic was used as a poison during the era because it was undetectable when administered over a long period. Forshufvud, in a 1978 book with Ben Weider, noted that Napoleon's body was found to be remarkably well preserved when moved in 1840. Arsenic is a strong preservative, and therefore this supported the poisoning hypothesis. Forshufvud and Weider observed that Napoleon had attempted to quench abnormal thirst by drinking large amounts of orgeat syrup that contained cyanide compounds in the almonds used for flavouring. Question: When were the diaries of Napoleon's valet published? Answer: 1955 Question: What was the name of Napoleon's valet? Answer: Louis Marchand Question: What was the possible cause for Napoleon's death suggested in a 1961 Nature paper? Answer: arsenic poisoning Question: In 1961, who suggested the possibility that Napoleon died from ingestion of arsenic? Answer: Sten Forshufvud Question: What condition was Napoleon's body in when it was moved in 1840? Answer: well preserved
Context: Japan used the name Greater East Asia War (大東亜戦争, Dai Tō-A Sensō?), as chosen by a cabinet decision on 10 December 1941, to refer to both the war with the Western Allies and the ongoing war in China. This name was released to the public on 12 December, with an explanation that it involved Asian nations achieving their independence from the Western powers through armed forces of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese officials integrated what they called the Japan–China Incident (日支事変, Nisshi Jihen?) into the Greater East Asia War. Question: By what name was the war with Japan referred? Answer: Greater East Asia War Question: What did Japanese officials call the war? Answer: Japan–China Incident Question: What was the reason Japan gave for the war? Answer: achieving their independence from the Western powers Question: What date was the new name of the war released? Answer: 12 December Question: What name did Japan call the war? Answer: Greater East Asia War Question: When did Japan adobt the name for the war? Answer: 10 December 1941 Question: What was Japan's publicised war goal? Answer: independence from the Western powers Question: What did Japan call the occupied group of Asian nations? Answer: Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere Question: How was the name of the war chosen by Japan? Answer: by a cabinet decision
Context: In past times, mending was an art. A meticulous tailor or seamstress could mend rips with thread raveled from hems and seam edges so skillfully that the tear was practically invisible. When the raw material – cloth – was worth more than labor, it made sense to expend labor in saving it. Today clothing is considered a consumable item. Mass-manufactured clothing is less expensive than the labor required to repair it. Many people buy a new piece of clothing rather than spend time mending. The thrifty still replace zippers and buttons and sew up ripped hems. Question: What used to be considered an art, back in the day? Answer: mending Question: What could an accomplished tailor or seamstress skillfully render almost invisible? Answer: tear Question: Why did it make sense to spend time fixing cloth? Answer: worth more than labor Question: What is clothing considered today? Answer: a consumable item Question: What type of person is likely to replace zippers and buttons? Answer: thrifty Question: What is still considered an art today? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A mediocre tail or seamstress could make it so what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When cloth was worth less than the labor it made sense to do what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is not considered a consumable item today? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is more expensive than the labor required to repair it? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Since the beginning of the study of electricity non conductive materials like glass, porcelain, paper and mica have been used as insulators. These materials some decades later were also well-suited for further use as the dielectric for the first capacitors. Paper capacitors made by sandwiching a strip of impregnated paper between strips of metal, and rolling the result into a cylinder were commonly used in the late 19century; their manufacture started in 1876, and they were used from the early 20th century as decoupling capacitors in telecommunications (telephony). Question: Besides porcelain, paper and mica, what other non conductive material was used as an insulator? Answer: glass Question: For what use were non conductive materials used in the first capacitors? Answer: as the dielectric Question: What was layered between strips of metal in order to create paper capacitors? Answer: strip of impregnated paper Question: When were paper capacitors first manufactured? Answer: in 1876 Question: What other use did paper capacitors serve in the telecommunications industry? Answer: as decoupling capacitors Question: Besides porcelain, paper and mica, what other conductive material was used as an insulator? Answer: Unanswerable Question: For what use were conductive materials used in the first capacitors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was layered between strips of plastic in order to create paper capacitors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened in 1877? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other use did metal capacitors serve in the telecommunications industry? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Peruvian Carnival incorporates elements of violence and reflects the urban violence in Peruvian society following the internal conflict in Peru. Traditionally, Peruvian Andean festivities were held on this period every year because it is the rainy season. It was already violent during the 19th century, but the government limited the practice. During the early 20th century it consisted partying and parading, while in the second half of the 20th century it acquired violent characteristics that continued. It was banned, first from the streets in 1958 and altogether in 1959 by the Prado government. It consisted basically of water battles in a traditional way,[clarification needed] while in later years it included playing with dirty water, mud, oil and colorants -and also including fighting and sometimes looting private property and sexual assaults on women. It has become an excuse for criminal gangs to rob people while pretending to celebrate. As of 2010, it had become so violent that the government imposed penalties of up to eight years in prison for violence during the games (the games themselves are not forbidden, but using violence during the games or coercing others to participate is). Question: What does the Peruvian Carnival incorporate elements of? Answer: violence Question: Why are the festivals in Peru held when they are? Answer: because it is the rainy season Question: When did the festivities acquire their violent tendencies? Answer: second half of the 20th century Question: What is an element of Peruvian's Carnival not found in any other country's celebrations? Answer: sexual assaults on women Question: How many years in prison can someone expect for being violent during the fun and games? Answer: eight
Context: Chapter VIII addresses the idea that species had special characteristics that prevented hybrids from being fertile in order to preserve separately created species. Darwin said that, far from being constant, the difficulty in producing hybrids of related species, and the viability and fertility of the hybrids, varied greatly, especially among plants. Sometimes what were widely considered to be separate species produced fertile hybrid offspring freely, and in other cases what were considered to be mere varieties of the same species could only be crossed with difficulty. Darwin concluded: "Finally, then, the facts briefly given in this chapter do not seem to me opposed to, but even rather to support the view, that there is no fundamental distinction between species and varieties." Question: Why would hybrids have characteristics that keep them from being fertile? Answer: in order to preserve separately created species Question: What are Darwin's thoughts on producing hybrids of related species? Answer: the viability and fertility of the hybrids, varied greatly, especially among plants Question: What conclusion did Darwin come to after realizing that some diverse species were able to create variations easily, while other species thought to be closely related had difficulty? Answer: support the view, that there is no fundamental distinction between species and varieties
Context: Innocent gave some dispensations as the crisis progressed. Monastic communities were allowed to celebrate Mass in private from 1209 onwards, and late in 1212 the Holy Viaticum for the dying was authorised. The rules on burials and lay access to churches appear to have been steadily circumvented, at least unofficially. Although the interdict was a burden to much of the population, it did not result in rebellion against John. By 1213, though, John was increasingly worried about the threat of French invasion. Some contemporary chroniclers suggested that in January Philip II of France had been charged with deposing John on behalf of the papacy, although it appears that Innocent merely prepared secret letters in case Innocent needed to claim the credit if Philip did successfully invade England. Question: Where were Monastic communities allowed to celebrate Mass in private? Answer: 1209 Question: When was the Holy Viaticum for the dying authorised? Answer: 1212 Question: What threat was John worried about? Answer: French invasion
Context: Poetry, in particular, was a staple of court life. Nobles and ladies-in-waiting were expected to be well versed in the art of writing poetry as a mark of their status. Every occasion could call for the writing of a verse, from the birth of a child to the coronation of an emperor, or even a pretty scene of nature. A well-written poem or haiku could easily make or break one's reputation, and often was a key part of social interaction.Almost as important was the choice of calligraphy, or handwriting, used. The Japanese of this period believed handwriting could reflect the condition of a person's soul: therefore, poor or hasty writing could be considered a sign of poor breeding. Whether the script was Chinese or Japanese, good writing and artistic skill was paramount to social reputation when it came to poetry. Sei Shonagon mentions in her Pillow Book that when a certain courtesan tried to ask her advice about how to write a poem to the empress Sadako, she had to politely rebuke him because his writing was so poor. Question: What artform became a mark of status in the courts? Answer: poetry Question: During the Heian period, what did the Japanese think could reflect one's soul? Answer: handwriting Question: What was said to show low status or "poor breeding"? Answer: poor or hasty writing Question: Who was expected to be able to read poetry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were verses believed to reflect? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was a sign of good breeding? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who rebuked the empress for poor writing? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Fused quartz is a glass made from chemically-pure SiO2 (silica). It has excellent thermal shock characteristics, being able to survive immersion in water while red hot. However, its high melting-temperature (1723 °C) and viscosity make it difficult to work with. Normally, other substances are added to simplify processing. One is sodium carbonate (Na2CO3, "soda"), which lowers the glass transition temperature. The soda makes the glass water-soluble, which is usually undesirable, so lime (calcium oxide [CaO], generally obtained from limestone), some magnesium oxide (MgO) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) are added to provide for a better chemical durability. The resulting glass contains about 70 to 74% silica by weight and is called a soda-lime glass. Soda-lime glasses account for about 90% of manufactured glass. Question: What causes glass to dissolve in water? Answer: soda Question: Why is lime often added to glass? Answer: better chemical durability Question: What percentage of soda-lime glass is silica? Answer: 70 to 74 Question: What is a benefit of fused quartz? Answer: excellent thermal shock characteristics Question: What besides viscosity is a drawback of fused quartz? Answer: high melting-temperature Question: What causes glass to dissolve in Na2CO3? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is lime often added to magnesium? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of soda-lime glass is obtained from limestone? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a benefit of chemical durability? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What besides viscosity is a drawback of soda-lime glasses? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As of 2015, Bern's City Council is made up of two representatives of the SP (Social Democratic Party, of whom one is also the mayor), and one each of CVP (Christian Democratic Party), GB (Green Alliance of Berne), and FDP (FDP.The Liberals), giving the left parties a majority of three out of five seats. The last election was held on 25 November 2012. Question: Who has the majority of the seats in Bern's City Council? Answer: left parties Question: What party also had the mayor as of 2015? Answer: Social Democratic Party Question: What is the Christian Democratic Party also known as? Answer: CVP
Context: Historians Luciano Petech and Sato Hisashi argue that the Ming upheld a "divide-and-rule" policy towards a weak and politically fragmented Tibet after the Sakya regime had fallen. Chan writes that this was perhaps the calculated strategy of the Yongle Emperor, as exclusive patronage to one Tibetan sect would have given it too much regional power. Sperling finds no textual evidence in either Chinese or Tibetan sources to support this thesis of Petech and Hisashi. Norbu asserts that their thesis is largely based on the list of Ming titles conferred on Tibetan lamas rather than "comparative analysis of developments in China and Tibet." Rossabi states that this theory "attributes too much influence to the Chinese," pointing out that Tibet was already politically divided when the Ming dynasty began. Rossabi also discounts the "divide-and-rule" theory on the grounds of the Yongle Emperor's failed attempt to build a strong relationship with the fifth Karmapa—one which he hoped would parallel Kublai Khan's earlier relationship with the Sakya Phagpa lama. Instead, the Yongle Emperor followed the Karmapa's advice of giving patronage to many different Tibetan lamas. Question: What policy does Luciano Petech and Sato Hisashi claim the Ming held towards the Tibet? Answer: divide-and-rule Question: When did the Ming hold the divide and rule policy? Answer: after the Sakya regime had fallen Question: Who did Yongle Emperor fail to build a solid relationship with? Answer: fifth Karmapa Question: Who did the Yongle Emperor give patronage to? Answer: many different Tibetan lamas
Context: The Great Exhibition was organised by Prince Albert, Henry Cole, Francis Fuller and other members of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. The Great Exhibition made a surplus of £186,000 used in creating an area in the South of Kensington celebrating the encouragement of the arts, industry, and science. Albert insisted the Great Exhibition surplus should be used as a home for culture and education for everyone. His commitment was to find practical solutions to today's social challenges. Prince Albert's vision built the Victoria and Albert Museum, Science Museum, Natural History Museum, Geological Museum, Royal College of Science, Royal College of Art, Royal School of Mines, Royal School of Music, Royal College of Organists, Royal School of Needlework, Royal Geographical Society, Institute of Recorded Sound, Royal Horticultural Gardens, Royal Albert Hall and the Imperial Institute. Royal colleges and the Imperial Institute merged to form what is now Imperial College London. Question: Which society organized The Great Exhibition? Answer: Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce Question: How much of a surplus did The Great Ehibition raise? Answer: £186,000 Question: Who insisted that the surplus from The Great Exhibition be used as a home for culture and education for all? Answer: Albert Question: What was Prince Albert's commitment? Answer: to find practical solutions to today's social challenges Question: What did the Royal colleges and Imperial Institute form when they merged? Answer: Imperial College London Question: What was organised by the Royal Society to promote the interests of the Empire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who insisted that The Great Exhibition surplus should be used to aid the poor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Prince Albert want to find novel and abitious solutions for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What institutions did The Imperial College of London split into? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The books written later in the Abbasid period in Iran are more anti Umayyad. Iran was Sunni at the time. There was much anti Arab feeling in Iran after the fall of the Persian empire. This anti Arab feeling also influenced the books on Islamic history. Al-Tabri was also written in Iran during that period. Al-Tabri was a huge collection including all the text that he could find, from all the sources. It was a collection preserving everything for future generations to codify and for future generations to judge if it was true or false. Question: In the later Abbasid era, what branch of Islam did Iran adhere to? Answer: Sunni Question: What notable work of Islamic history was written in Iran during the later Abbasid period? Answer: Al-Tabri Question: What group was notably disliked in Iran after the Persian Empire fell? Answer: Arab Question: What are the books written early in the Abbasid period like? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was there not much anti Arab feeling in Iran? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did this anti Arab feeling fail to influence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was a small collection of texts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was a collection meant only for current generations? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the 20th century, the county became increasingly urbanised, particularly the southern part. To the existing county boroughs of Barrow-in-Furness, Blackburn, Bolton, Bootle, Burnley, Bury, Liverpool, Manchester, Oldham, Preston, Rochdale, Salford, St Helens and Wigan were added Blackpool (1904), Southport (1905), and Warrington (1900). The county boroughs also had many boundary extensions. The borders around the Manchester area were particularly complicated, with narrow protrusions of the administrative county between the county boroughs – Lees urban district formed a detached part of the administrative county, between Oldham county borough and the West Riding of Yorkshire. Question: When did the county become more urbanised? Answer: 20th century Question: Which part in particular became urbanised in the 20th century? Answer: the southern part Question: When was Warrington added to Lancashire? Answer: 1900 Question: When was Southport added? Answer: 1905 Question: When was Blackpool added to the county? Answer: 1904 Question: When was the county borough of Liverpool created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the county borough of St Helens created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What a county bureau that lies in the southern part of Lancashire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does Bootle lie in Lancashire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Oldham made part of Lancashire? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Switzerland has a dense network of cities, where large, medium and small cities are complementary. The plateau is very densely populated with about 450 people per km2 and the landscape continually shows signs of human presence. The weight of the largest metropolitan areas, which are Zürich, Geneva–Lausanne, Basel and Bern tend to increase. In international comparison the importance of these urban areas is stronger than their number of inhabitants suggests. In addition the two main centers of Zürich and Geneva are recognized for their particularly great quality of life. Question: What is the population density of the plateau? Answer: 450 people per km2 Question: Which 2 centers are recognized for their particularly great quality of life? Answer: Zürich and Geneva Question: What does the weight of the largest metropolitan areas tend to do? Answer: increase
Context: Breakage was very common in the shellac era. In the 1934 John O'Hara novel, Appointment in Samarra, the protagonist "broke one of his most favorites, Whiteman's Lady of the Evening ... He wanted to cry but could not." A poignant moment in J. D. Salinger's 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye occurs after the adolescent protagonist buys a record for his younger sister but drops it and "it broke into pieces ... I damn-near cried, it made me feel so terrible." A sequence where a school teacher's collection of 78 rpm jazz records is smashed by a group of rebellious students is a key moment in the film Blackboard Jungle. Question: What was a known issue of using shellac to make records? Answer: Breakage was very common Question: In which novel does 'Whiteman's Lady of the Evening" record get broken? Answer: John O'Hara novel, Appointment in Samarra Question: In Blackboard Jungle what record breaking mention is made? Answer: teacher's collection of 78 rpm jazz records is smashed
Context: Over New York City in 1953, Eastern Airlines Flight 8610, a commercial flight, had a near miss with Air Force Flight 8610, a Lockheed C-121 Constellation known as Columbine II, while the latter was carrying President Eisenhower. This prompted the adoption of the unique call sign Air Force One, to be used whenever the president is on board any US Air Force aircraft. Columbine II is the only presidential aircraft to have ever been sold to the public and is the only remaining presidential aircraft left unrestored and not on public display. Question: What make and model aircraft was Air Force Flight 8610? Answer: Lockheed C-121 Constellation Question: What aircraft had an incident with Air Force Flight 8610? Answer: Eastern Airlines Flight 8610 Question: What call sign does an Air Force aircraft have when a president is traveling on it? Answer: Air Force One Question: What was the name of the Lockheed C-121 Constellation that carried Eisenhower? Answer: Columbine II Question: In what year was Eisenhower involved in an incident while flying? Answer: 1953
Context: The great Navicella mosaic (1305–1313) in the atrium of the Old St. Peter's is attributed to Giotto di Bondone. The giant mosaic, commissioned by Cardinal Jacopo Stefaneschi, was originally situated on the eastern porch of the old basilica and occupied the whole wall above the entrance arcade facing the courtyard. It depicted St. Peter walking on the waters. This extraordinary work was mainly destroyed during the construction of the new St. Peter's in the 17th century. Navicella means "little ship" referring to the large boat which dominated the scene, and whose sail, filled by the storm, loomed over the horizon. Such a natural representation of a seascape was known only from ancient works of art. Question: Who created the Navicella mosaic in the Old St. Peter's church? Answer: Giotto di Bondone Question: Who commissioned the Navicella mosaic? Answer: Cardinal Jacopo Stefaneschi Question: Who did the navicella mosaic depict walking on water? Answer: St. Peter Question: What century was the majority of the Navicella mosaic destroyed? Answer: the 17th Question: Navicella means what in Italian? Answer: "little ship"
Context: On 2 November 2006, China announced that from 2008 BeiDou would offer an open service with an accuracy of 10 meters, timing of 0.2 microseconds, and speed of 0.2 meters/second.[citation needed] Question: When did China announce service plans for the BeiDou system? Answer: 2 November 2006 Question: What was the accuracy range that China promised to offer in 2008 with the BeiDou system? Answer: 10 meters Question: What was the timing and speed that China promised to offer in 2008 with the BeiDou system? Answer: timing of 0.2 microseconds, and speed of 0.2 meters/second Question: China would offer a closed service with an accuracy of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Japan announced what on November 2nd, 2006? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Japan promised a timing speed of what with its open service? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Japan promised a speed of what with its open service? Answer: Unanswerable Question: China announced what on November 22nd, 2006? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Eleven days after the Soviet invasion of the Polish Kresy, the secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was modified by the German–Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation,) allotting Germany a larger part of Poland and transferring Lithuania's territory (with the exception of left bank of river Scheschupe, the "Lithuanian Strip") from the envisioned German sphere to the Soviets. On 28 September 1939, the Soviet Union and German Reich issued a joint declaration in which they declared: Question: After amending the joint agreement, who received the larger portion of Lithuania? Answer: Germany Question: What was the amended joint agreement called? Answer: German–Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation Question: How long after the annexation of Kresy was the amendment made? Answer: Eleven days Question: After amending the joint agreement, who received the smaller portion of Lithuania? Answer: Unanswerable Question: After amending the joint agreement, who never received the larger portion of Lithuania? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the amended joint agreement not called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long after the annexation of Kresy wasn't the amendment made? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long before the annexation of Kresy was the amendment made? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and German, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during the period of German rule, and High German (including standard German). The percentage of Low Saxon and High German loanwords can be estimated at 22–25 percent, with Low Saxon making up about 15 percent. Question: What language does Estonian share similar words with? Answer: Germanic Question: What proportion of vocabulary did Estonia borrow from Germany? Answer: nearly one third Question: What standard language did Estonia adopt during German rule? Answer: High German Question: What percentage of the Estonia language includes Low Saxon words? Answer: about 15 percent
Context: Historians trace the earliest church labeled "Baptist" back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor. In accordance with his reading of the New Testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christ's atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies. In the mid-18th century, the First Great Awakening increased Baptist growth in both New England and the South. The Second Great Awakening in the South in the early 19th century increased church membership, as did the preachers' lessening of support for abolition and manumission of slavery, which had been part of the 18th-century teachings. Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent. Question: When was the earliest church labeled "Baptist" traced to? Answer: 1609 Question: Where was the earliest church labeled "Baptist" traced to? Answer: Amsterdam Question: Who was the pastor of the earliest church labeled "Baptist"? Answer: John Smyth Question: Who believed Christ's atonement only extended to the elect? Answer: Particular Baptists Question: When did Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies? Answer: 1638 Question: When was the earliest church labeled "Christian" traced to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the earliest church labeled "Christian" traced to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the pastor of the earliest church labeled "Christian"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who believed Christ's atonement extended to all of life? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Roger Williams establish the first Baptist congregation in South America? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Before signing a developmental agreement with the Kane County Cougars in 2012, the Cubs had a Class A minor league affiliation on two occasions with the Peoria Chiefs (1985–1995 and 2004–2012). Ryne Sandberg managed the Chiefs from 2006 to 2010. In the period between those associations with the Chiefs the club had affiliations with the Dayton Dragons and Lansing Lugnuts. The Lugnuts were often affectionately referred to by Chip Caray as "Steve Stone's favorite team." The 2007 developmental contract with the Tennessee Smokies was preceded by Double A affiliations with the Orlando Cubs and West Tenn Diamond Jaxx. On September 16, 2014 the Cubs announced a move of their top Class A affiliate from Daytona in the Florida State League to Myrtle Beach in the Carolina League for the 2015 season. Two days later, on the 18th, the Cubs signed a 4-year player development contract with the South Bend Silver Hawks of the Midwest League, ending their brief relationship with the Kane County Cougars and shortly thereafter renaming the Silver Hawks the South Bend Cubs. Question: When did the Cubs sign a developmental agreement with the Kane County Cougars? Answer: 2012 Question: The Cubs had a Class A minor league affiliation on two occasions with who? Answer: Peoria Chiefs Question: When did the Cubs announce a move of their top class A affiliate from Daytona to Myrtle Beach? Answer: September 16, 2014
Context: In Islam, dogs are viewed as unclean because they are viewed as scavengers. In 2015 city councillor Hasan Küçük of The Hague called for dog ownership to be made illegal in that city. Islamic activists in Lérida, Spain, lobbied for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods, saying their presence violated Muslims' religious freedom. In Britain, police sniffer dogs are carefully used, and are not permitted to contact passengers, only their luggage. They are required to wear leather dog booties when searching mosques or Muslim homes. Question: How are dogs viewed in Islam? Answer: as unclean Question: Why are dogs viewed as unclean in Islam? Answer: scavengers Question: What city made owing dogs illegal in 2015? Answer: The Hague Question: In Britain, a dog used in a search at a mosque or a home occupied by Muslims must wear what? Answer: leather dog booties Question: Why are dogs seen as unclean in Islam? Answer: scavengers Question: When did it become illegal for a person to own a dog in The Hague? Answer: 2015 Question: Where did activists want dogs kept out of neighborhoods because it violated religious freedom? Answer: Lérida, Spain Question: What are sniffer dogs used by British police allowed to touch instead of a passenger? Answer: their luggage
Context: Microsoft released minimum hardware requirements for tablet and laplet devices to be "certified" for Windows 8, and defined a convertible form factor as a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis. A convertible can be transformed into a tablet where the attached input devices are hidden or removed leaving the display as the only input mechanism. On March 12, 2013, Microsoft amended its certification requirements to only require that screens on tablets have a minimum resolution of 1024×768 (down from the previous 1366×768). The amended requirement is intended to allow "greater design flexibility" for future products. Question: What did Microsoft change the tablet resolution requirements on March 12, 2013? Answer: 1024×768 Question: Why did Microsoft decrease the required resoultion for tablets? Answer: to allow "greater design flexibility" for future products Question: What is a convertible form factor? Answer: a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis Question: How does a convertible become a tablet? Answer: attached input devices are hidden or removed leaving the display as the only input mechanism Question: What didn't Microsoft change the tablet resolution requirements on March 12, 2013? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Microsoft change the tablet resolution requirements on March 21, 2013? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did Microsoft increase the required resoultion for tablets? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an inconvertible form factor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How does an inconvertible become a tablet? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Doordarshan is the state-owned television broadcaster. Doordarshan Shimla also provides programs in Pahari language.Multi system operators provide a mix of Nepali, Hindi, English, and international channels via cable. All India Radio is a public radio station. Private FM stations are also available in few cities like Shimla. BSNL, Reliance Infocomm, Tata Indicom, Tata Docomo, Aircel, Vodafone, Idea Cellular and Airtel are available cellular phone operators. Broadband internet is available in select towns and cities and is provided by the state-run BSNL and by other private companies. Dial-up access is provided throughout the state by BSNL and other providers. Question: What is Doordarshan? Answer: state-owned television broadcaster Question: What is provided by BSNL and others throughout the state? Answer: Dial-up access Question: What is available in few cities? Answer: Private FM stations Question: Who are the cellular phone operators available? Answer: BSNL, Reliance Infocomm, Tata Indicom, Tata Docomo, Aircel, Vodafone, Idea Cellular and Airtel Question: What is All India Radio? Answer: public radio station Question: What is the name of the state-owned radio station? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language does BSNL provide programs in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are some of the available dial-up providers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is available in a few cities like Nepal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do Reliance Infocomm and Tata Indicom provide only to certain cities and towns? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Ghoomar dance from Jodhpur Marwar and Kalbeliya dance of Jaisalmer have gained international recognition. Folk music is a large part of Rajasthani culture. Kathputli, Bhopa, Chang, Teratali, Ghindr, Kachchhighori, and Tejaji are examples of traditional Rajasthani culture. Folk songs are commonly ballads which relate heroic deeds and love stories; and religious or devotional songs known as bhajans and banis which are often accompanied by musical instruments like dholak, sitar, and sarangi are also sung. Question: What type of dance comes from Jodhpur Marwar? Answer: The Ghoomar dance Question: Kalbeliya dance is from which region? Answer: Jaisalmer Question: What type of music plays a big part in the culture of Rajasthan? Answer: Folk music Question: Heroic deeds are often a theme of what type of Rajasthani song? Answer: Folk songs Question: What kind of song is referred to as a bhajan? Answer: religious or devotional Question: What are examples of the Ghoomar dance? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have folk songs from Jodhpur Marwar gained? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a large part of dholak culture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are sarangi commonly called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What themes do dholak commonly relate when sung? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 7 January 2009, The Sun ran an exclusive front page story claiming that participants in a discussion on Ummah.com, a British Muslim internet forum, had made a "hate hit list" of British Jews to be targeted by extremists over the Gaza War. It was claimed that "Those listed [on the forum] should treat it very seriously. Expect a hate campaign and intimidation by 20 or 30 thugs." The UK magazine Private Eye claimed that Glen Jenvey, a man quoted by The Sun as a terrorism expert, who had been posting to the forum under the pseudonym "Abuislam", was the only forum member promoting a hate campaign while other members promoted peaceful advocacy, such as writing 'polite letters'. The story has since been removed from The Sun's website following complaints to the UK's Press Complaints Commission. Question: What type of forum was the subject of a January 2009 front page story in The Sun? Answer: a British Muslim internet forum Question: Who was said to be targeted in The Sun's front page story? Answer: a "hate hit list" of British Jews Question: What magazine refuted the claims made by The Sun in its article about the forum? Answer: Private Eye Question: According to Private Eye who was the only forum member expressing wishes for a hate campaign? Answer: Glen Jenvey Question: Complaints to which body led to The Sun removing the story from its website? Answer: UK's Press Complaints Commission
Context: Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old. Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet, so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him. In 1894, Gladstone retired and, without consulting the outgoing prime minister, Victoria appointed Lord Rosebery as prime minister. His government was weak, and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him. Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria's reign. Question: What year did Gladstone return to power? Answer: 1892 Question: How old was Gladstone in 1892? Answer: 82 Question: What year did Gladstone retire? Answer: 1894 Question: What position did Victoria appoint Lord Rosebery? Answer: prime minister Question: What year did Gadstone return to power? Answer: 1892 Question: How old was Gladstone when he returned to power? Answer: 82 years old Question: What year did Gladstone retire? Answer: 1894 Question: Who did Victoria appoint to replace Gladstone? Answer: Lord Rosebery Question: Who replaced Lord Rosebery the year following his appointment? Answer: Lord Salisbury Question: How old was Gladstone after the general election in 1892? Answer: 82 years old Question: What radical MP did Victoria object to being appointed to the cabinet by Gladstone? Answer: Henry Labouchere Question: Who did Victoria appoint to Prime Minister after Gladstone retired in 1894? Answer: Lord Rosebery Question: Who replaced Lord Rosenbery after only a year of government? Answer: Lord Salisbury Question: How long did Lord Salisbury remain as Prime Minister? Answer: for the remainder of Victoria's reign Question: Who was returned to power in 1892? Answer: Gladstone Question: Who did Victoria appoint as Gladstone's succesor? Answer: Lord Rosebery Question: How did Lord Roseberry fare as Prime Minister? Answer: His government was weak Question: Who replaced Lord Roseberry as Prime Minister? Answer: Lord Salisbury Question: How long was Lord Sailsbury Prime Minister? Answer: the remainder of Victoria's reign Question: What year did Gladstone first get to power? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How old was Gladstone in 1829? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year didn't Gladstone retire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What position didn't Victoria appoint Lord Rosebery? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In Charleston, the African American population increased as freedmen moved from rural areas to the major city: from 17,000 in 1860 to over 27,000 in 1880. Historian Eric Foner noted that blacks were glad to be relieved of the many regulations of slavery and to operate outside of white surveillance. Among other changes, most blacks quickly left the Southern Baptist Church, setting up their own black Baptist congregations or joining new African Methodist Episcopal Church and AME Zion churches, both independent black denominations first established in the North. Freedmen "acquired dogs, guns, and liquor (all barred to them under slavery), and refused to yield the sidewalks to whites". Question: How many African Americans lived in Charleston in 1860? Answer: 17,000 Question: How many African American lived in Charleston in 1880? Answer: 27,000 Question: Black left which religious denomination is great numbers after slavery? Answer: Southern Baptist Church Question: AME Zion Churches were first established in what part of America? Answer: the North Question: What barred product ,along with dogs and guns , did the Freemen want after slavery ended? Answer: liquor Question: How many African Americans lived in Charleston in 1870? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many African American lived in Charleston in 1890 Answer: Unanswerable Question: Black left which religious denomination is low numbers after slavery? Answer: Unanswerable Question: AME Zion Churches were last established in what part of America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What barred product ,along with dogs and guns , did the Freemen want after slavery began? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2000, the United Nations Development Programme, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and World Energy Council published an estimate of the potential solar energy that could be used by humans each year that took into account factors such as insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans. The estimate found that solar energy has a global potential of 1,575–49,837 EJ per year (see table below). Question: What factors were taken into account in the estimate published in 2000 on solar energy? Answer: insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans Question: What was the total potential of solar energy found in the estimate? Answer: 1,575–49,837 EJ per year
Context: During World War II, Japan used Korea's food, livestock, and metals for their war effort. Japanese forces in Korea increased from 46,000 soldiers in 1941 to 300,000 in 1945. Japanese Korea conscripted 2.6 million forced laborers controlled with a collaborationist Korean police force; some 723,000 people were sent to work in the overseas empire and in metropolitan Japan. By 1942, Korean men were being conscripted into the Imperial Japanese Army. By January 1945, Koreans made up 32% of Japan's labor force. At the end of the war, other world powers did not recognize Japanese rule in Korea and Taiwan. Question: How many Japanese forces were in Korea in 1945? Answer: 300,000 Question: Where were 723,000 Koreans sent to work? Answer: overseas empire and in metropolitan Japan Question: Who did Japan collaborate with to help control the citizens of Korea? Answer: Korean police force Question: By 1945, what percentage of Koreans made up the Japanese labor force? Answer: 32% Question: What army were Korean men conscripted into? Answer: Imperial Japanese Army
Context: Tennessee (i/tɛnᵻˈsiː/) (Cherokee: ᏔᎾᏏ, Tanasi) is a state located in the southeastern United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Tennessee's capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 601,222. Memphis is the state's largest city, with a population of 653,450. Question: Which state borders Tennessee to the east? Answer: North Carolina Question: Which mountains occupy much of eastern Tennessee? Answer: Appalachian Mountains Question: Which river marks Tennessee's border to the west? Answer: Mississippi River Question: What is the capital of Tennessee? Answer: Nashville Question: What is Tennessee's most populous city? Answer: Memphis
Context: In 1930, Paul Dirac proposed a model of the vacuum as an infinite sea of particles possessing negative energy, called the Dirac sea. This theory helped refine the predictions of his earlier formulated Dirac equation, and successfully predicted the existence of the positron, confirmed two years later. Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle formulated in 1927, predict a fundamental limit within which instantaneous position and momentum, or energy and time can be measured. This has far reaching consequences on the "emptiness" of space between particles. In the late 20th century, so-called virtual particles that arise spontaneously from empty space were confirmed. Question: An infinite sea of particles with negative energy was a model propesed by whom? Answer: Paul Dirac Question: What year was the Dirac sea modeled? Answer: 1930 Question: When werer virtual particles confirmed? Answer: late 20th century Question: What year was the uncertainty principle formed? Answer: 1927, Question: What theorized that time and energy can be measured? Answer: Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle Question: What kind of energy did Werner Heisenberg believe a vacuum held? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Heisenberg call the particles with negative energy inside a vacuum? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Heisenberg predict the existence of in 1930? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long did it take for the uncertainty principle by Dirac to be confirmed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What in the late 20th century did Dirac theorize can be measured? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Caesar held both the dictatorship and the tribunate, and alternated between the consulship and the proconsulship. In 48 BC, Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers. This made his person sacrosanct, gave him the power to veto the senate, and allowed him to dominate the Plebeian Council. In 46 BC, Caesar was given censorial powers, which he used to fill the senate with his own partisans. Caesar then raised the membership of the Senate to 900. This robbed the senatorial aristocracy of its prestige, and made it increasingly subservient to him. While the assemblies continued to meet, he submitted all candidates to the assemblies for election, and all bills to the assemblies for enactment. Thus, the assemblies became powerless and were unable to oppose him. Question: In Rome during this time who was considered to hold both the dictatorship and the position of the tribunate? Answer: Caesar Question: What power could Caesar use against the senate should he choose? Answer: power to veto Question: In what year was Caesar given the power of a censor? Answer: 46 BC Question: What is considered to have counteracted the prestige of the senatorial aristocracy? Answer: raised the membership of the Senate to 900
Context: Following the death of Grand Prince Igor in 945, his wife Olga ruled as regent in Kiev until their son Sviatoslav reached maturity (ca. 963). His decade-long reign over Rus' was marked by rapid expansion through the conquest of the Khazars of the Pontic steppe and the invasion of the Balkans. By the end of his short life, Sviatoslav carved out for himself the largest state in Europe, eventually moving his capital from Kiev to Pereyaslavets on the Danube in 969. In contrast with his mother's conversion to Christianity, Sviatoslav, like his druzhina, remained a staunch pagan. Due to his abrupt death in an ambush in 972, Sviatoslav's conquests, for the most part, were not consolidated into a functioning empire, while his failure to establish a stable succession led to a fratricidal feud among his sons, which resulted in two of his three sons being killed. Question: When did Prince Igor past away? Answer: 945 Question: Who ruled in Prince Oleg's place following his death? Answer: his wife Olga Question: In what year did Sviatoslav take over as leader? Answer: 963 Question: Where did Sviatoslav move the capital to? Answer: Pereyaslavets Question: When was Rus marked by rapid expansion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Sviatoslav's mother convert? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was consolidated in functioning empire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was Sviatoslav's empire consolidated? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There is usually an indication for a specific identification of an infectious agent only when such identification can aid in the treatment or prevention of the disease, or to advance knowledge of the course of an illness prior to the development of effective therapeutic or preventative measures. For example, in the early 1980s, prior to the appearance of AZT for the treatment of AIDS, the course of the disease was closely followed by monitoring the composition of patient blood samples, even though the outcome would not offer the patient any further treatment options. In part, these studies on the appearance of HIV in specific communities permitted the advancement of hypotheses as to the route of transmission of the virus. By understanding how the disease was transmitted, resources could be targeted to the communities at greatest risk in campaigns aimed at reducing the number of new infections. The specific serological diagnostic identification, and later genotypic or molecular identification, of HIV also enabled the development of hypotheses as to the temporal and geographical origins of the virus, as well as a myriad of other hypothesis. The development of molecular diagnostic tools have enabled physicians and researchers to monitor the efficacy of treatment with anti-retroviral drugs. Molecular diagnostics are now commonly used to identify HIV in healthy people long before the onset of illness and have been used to demonstrate the existence of people who are genetically resistant to HIV infection. Thus, while there still is no cure for AIDS, there is great therapeutic and predictive benefit to identifying the virus and monitoring the virus levels within the blood of infected individuals, both for the patient and for the community at large. Question: What is used in the treatment of AIDS? Answer: AZT Question: How was the course of AIDS followed? Answer: monitoring the composition of patient blood samples Question: What could be done by understanding how the disease was transmitted? Answer: resources could be targeted to the communities at greatest risk Question: What did the genotypic identification of HIV later enable? Answer: geographical origins of the virus Question: What is now commonly used to identify HIV in healthy people before the onset of the illnes? Answer: Molecular diagnostics Question: What is used as a punishment for AIDS? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How was the course of AIDS hidden? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What could be in danger by understanding how the disease was transmitted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the genotypic identification of HIV later prevent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is now rarely used to identify HIV in healthy people before the onset of the illness? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Other scholars[who?] suggest that these arguments are flawed, ignores history and more laws will do more harm than good. According to them, child labour is merely the symptom of a greater disease named poverty. If laws ban all lawful work that enables the poor to survive, informal economy, illicit operations and underground businesses will thrive. These will increase abuse of the children. In poor countries with very high incidence rates of child labour - such as Ethiopia, Chad, Niger and Nepal - schools are not available, and the few schools that exist offer poor quality education or are unaffordable. The alternatives for children who currently work, claim these studies, are worse: grinding subsistence farming, militia or prostitution. Child labour is not a choice, it is a necessity, the only option for survival. It is currently the least undesirable of a set of very bad choices. Question: What do some scholars agress is the "disease" of child labour? Answer: poverty Question: Do these scholars argue for or against ending child labour? Answer: These will increase abuse of the children. In poor countries with very high incidence rates of child labour Question: What do these scholars argue for keeping child labour as a practice? Answer: only option for survival
Context: A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed] Question: What kind of school does not base its admissions on academic merit? Answer: comprehensive school Question: What kind of school system uses academic success to judge admissions? Answer: selective school system Question: What countries used comprehensive schools extensively? Answer: England and Wales Question: How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in England? Answer: 90% Question: What is the German analogue of the comprehensive school? Answer: Gesamtschule Question: What kind of school bases its admissions on academic merit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of school system uses academic failure to judge admissions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What countries unused comprehensive schools extensively? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in Scotland? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Austrian analogue of the comprehensive school? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Internationally, Nigeria is infamous for a form of bank fraud dubbed 419, a type of advance fee fraud (named after Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code) along with the "Nigerian scam", a form of confidence trick practised by individuals and criminal syndicates. These scams involve a complicit Nigerian bank (the laws being set up loosely to allow it) and a scammer who claims to have money he needs to obtain from that bank. The victim is talked into exchanging bank account information on the premise that the money will be transferred to him, and then he'll get to keep a cut. In reality, money is taken out instead, and/or large fees (which seem small in comparison with the imaginary wealth he awaits) are deducted. In 2003, the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (or EFCC) was created, ostensibly to combat this and other forms of organised financial crime. Question: What law is the Nigerian 419 scam nicknamed after? Answer: Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code Question: What organization was created to combat the 419 scams? Answer: the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission Question: When was the Nigerian EFCC created? Answer: 2003 Question: What type of scam is the 419 scam? Answer: advance fee fraud Question: What type of entity is complicit in the 419 scams? Answer: bank
Context: The landing was north of Sevastopol, so the Russians had arrayed their army in expectation of a direct attack. The allies advanced and on the morning of 20 September came up to the Alma river and the whole Russian army. The position was strong, but after three hours,:424 the frontal attack had driven the Russians out of their dug in positions with losses of 6000 men. The Battle of the Alma had 3,300 Allied losses. Failing to pursue the retreating forces was one of many strategic errors made during the war, and the Russians themselves noted that had they pressed south that day they would have easily captured Sevastopol. Question: How many men did the Russians lose after three hours? Answer: 6000 men Question: Which river did the allies come across the Russian Army? Answer: Alma river Question: How many hours did it take to force the Russians away during the attack? Answer: three hours Question: How many allies were lost during the battle? Answer: 3,300 Question: Which way did the Russians believe they should have traveled? Answer: south
Context: The government collapsed after only nine months when the Liberals voted for a Select Committee inquiry into the Campbell Case, a vote which MacDonald had declared to be a vote of confidence. The ensuing 1924 general election saw the publication, four days before polling day, of the Zinoviev letter, in which Moscow talked about a Communist revolution in Britain. The letter had little impact on the Labour vote—which held up. It was the collapse of the Liberal party that led to the Conservative landslide. The Conservatives were returned to power although Labour increased its vote from 30.7% to a third of the popular vote, most Conservative gains being at the expense of the Liberals. However many Labourites for years blamed their defeat on foul play (the Zinoviev Letter), thereby according to A. J. P. Taylor misunderstanding the political forces at work and delaying needed reforms in the party. Question: When was the Zinoviev letter published? Answer: 1924 Question: After how long did the government collapse? Answer: nine months Question: What was rebuilt after only nine months? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Conservatives vote for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What letter was published just before the 1920 election? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was talking about a Communist revolution in America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What had a big impact on the Labour vote? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Supercomputers in particular often have highly unique architectures that differ significantly from the basic stored-program architecture and from general purpose computers. They often feature thousands of CPUs, customized high-speed interconnects, and specialized computing hardware. Such designs tend to be useful only for specialized tasks due to the large scale of program organization required to successfully utilize most of the available resources at once. Supercomputers usually see usage in large-scale simulation, graphics rendering, and cryptography applications, as well as with other so-called "embarrassingly parallel" tasks. Question: How many CPUs do supercomputers typically possess? Answer: thousands Question: What is the name of a computer that has many CPUs and much more powerful? Answer: Supercomputers
Context: Somalia established its first ISP in 1999, one of the last countries in Africa to get connected to the Internet. According to the telecommunications resource Balancing Act, growth in internet connectivity has since then grown considerably, with around 53% of the entire nation covered as of 2009. Both internet commerce and telephony have consequently become among the quickest growing local businesses. Question: What years was the first ISP established in Somalia? Answer: 1999 Question: Somalia was one of the last countries on what continent to get connected tothe internet? Answer: Africa Question: In 2009, what percent of Somalia has internet coverage? Answer: 53% Question: The quickest growing local businesses in Somalia are what types of businesses? Answer: internet commerce and telephony Question: Who was the first African country to get internet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Somalia reach 70% internet coverage? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which act brought the first ISP to Africa? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of Somalia's capital has internet connection? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Somalia's largest national business? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The remaining animals form a monophyletic group called the Bilateria. For the most part, they are bilaterally symmetric, and often have a specialized head with feeding and sensory organs. The body is triploblastic, i.e. all three germ layers are well-developed, and tissues form distinct organs. The digestive chamber has two openings, a mouth and an anus, and there is also an internal body cavity called a coelom or pseudocoelom. There are exceptions to each of these characteristics, however — for instance adult echinoderms are radially symmetric, and certain parasitic worms have extremely simplified body structures. Question: What is the group of animals that often have a specialized head with feeding and sensory organs called? Answer: Bilateria Question: How many openings in the digestive chamber do animals in the Bilateria group have? Answer: two Question: What are the openings in the digestive chambers for animals in the Bilateria group called? Answer: mouth and an anus Question: What is the internal body cavity of animals in the Bilateria group called? Answer: coelom or pseudocoelom
Context: On 1 March 1951 Mao sent a cable to Stalin, in which he emphasized the difficulties faced by Chinese forces and the urgent need for air cover, especially over supply lines. Apparently impressed by the Chinese war effort, Stalin finally agreed to supply two air force divisions, three anti-aircraft divisions, and six thousand trucks. PVA troops in Korea continued to suffer severe logistical problems throughout the war. In late April Peng Dehuai sent his deputy, Hong Xuezhi, to brief Zhou Enlai in Beijing. What Chinese soldiers feared, Hong said, was not the enemy, but that they had nothing to eat, no bullets to shoot, and no trucks to transport them to the rear when they were wounded. Zhou attempted to respond to the PVA's logistical concerns by increasing Chinese production and improving methods of supply, but these efforts were never completely sufficient. At the same time, large-scale air defense training programs were carried out, and the Chinese Air Force began to participate in the war from September 1951 onward. Question: Why did Stalin send two air forces divisions and other assistance to the Chinese? Answer: the Chinese war effort Question: What issues plagued the PVA throughout the war? Answer: logistical problems Question: What was a great concern of many Chinese troops? Answer: they had nothing to eat Question: What was Zhou's ineffective response to the issue plaguing the PVA? Answer: increasing Chinese production and improving methods of supply Question: What did China introduce to the war in 1951? Answer: the Chinese Air Force
Context: In 77 BC, the senate sent one of Sulla's former lieutenants, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great"), to put down an uprising in Spain. By 71 BC, Pompey returned to Rome after having completed his mission. Around the same time, another of Sulla's former lieutenants, Marcus Licinius Crassus, had just put down the Spartacus-led gladiator/slave revolt in Italy. Upon their return, Pompey and Crassus found the populares party fiercely attacking Sulla's constitution. They attempted to forge an agreement with the populares party. If both Pompey and Crassus were elected consul in 70 BC, they would dismantle the more obnoxious components of Sulla's constitution. The two were soon elected, and quickly dismantled most of Sulla's constitution. Question: Where in the year 77 BC was an uprising? Answer: Spain Question: Which former lieutenant of Sulla had dismantled most of the constitution that Sulla had crafted? Answer: Pompey Question: In what year was the election held that let Pompey and Crassus obtain the seat of consul? Answer: 70 BC Question: Who was the instigator in the slave revolt in Italy? Answer: Spartacus Question: When did Pompey return to Rome after having quelled the uprising in Spain? Answer: 71 BC
Context: Immigration of Czechs from Europe to the United States occurred primarily from 1848 to 1914. Czech is a Less Commonly Taught Language in U.S. schools, and is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of Czech Americans live in the states of Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. In the 2000 United States Census, Czech was reported as the most-common language spoken at home (besides English) in Valley, Butler and Saunders Counties, Nebraska and Republic County, Kansas. With the exception of Spanish (the non-English language most commonly spoken at home nationwide), Czech was the most-common home language in over a dozen additional counties in Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, North Dakota and Minnesota. As of 2009, 70,500 Americans spoke Czech as their first language (49th place nationwide, behind Turkish and ahead of Swedish). Question: Czechs immigrated from Europe to the U.S. primary from 1848 to when? Answer: 1914 Question: What kind of language is Czech in U.S. schools? Answer: a Less Commonly Taught Language Question: What states have large communities of Czech Americans? Answer: Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin Question: What is the most commonly spoken non-English language at homes nationwide in the U.S.? Answer: Spanish Question: How many Americans spoke Czech as their first language as of 2009? Answer: 70,500 Question: What kind of language is Swedish in US schools? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What states have large communities of Swedish Americans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was reported about Swedish in the 2009 US Census? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Americans spoke Swedish in 2009? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What place is Spanish as the language being spoken as a first language nationwide? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Lutherans were the first Protestant Church offering a dialogue to the Catholic Church in September 1964 in Reykjavík, Iceland. It resulted in joint study groups of several issues. The dialogue with the Methodist Church began October 1965, after its representatives officially applauded remarkable changes, friendship and cooperation of the past five years. The Reformed Churches entered four years later into a dialogue with the Catholic Church. The President of the Lutheran World Federation and member of the central committee of the World Council of Churches Fredrik A. Schiotz stated during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation, that earlier commemorations were viewed almost as a triumph. Reformation should be celebrated as a thanksgiving to God, his truth and his renewed life. He welcomed the announcement of Pope Paul VI to celebrate the 1900th anniversary of the death of the Apostle Peter and Apostle Paul, and promised the participation and cooperation in the festivities. Question: Which protestants were the first to reach out to the Catholic church in 1964 in Iceland? Answer: Lutherans Question: In what year did The Catholic church begin diplomatic relations with the Methodist church? Answer: 1965 Question: In what year did the Catholic church begin diplomatic relations with the Lutheran church? Answer: 1964 Question: Who was president of the World Council of Churches during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation? Answer: Fredrik A. Schiotz Question: To whom did Schiotz state one should be grateful for the Reformation? Answer: God
Context: Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth headphones. Apple contracted another company, Pixo, to help design and implement the user interface under the direct supervision of Steve Jobs. As development progressed, Apple continued to refine the software's look and feel. Starting with the iPod Mini, the Chicago font was replaced with Espy Sans. Later iPods switched fonts again to Podium Sans—a font similar to Apple's corporate font, Myriad. iPods with color displays then adopted some Mac OS X themes like Aqua progress bars, and brushed metal meant to evoke a combination lock. In 2007, Apple modified the iPod interface again with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano by changing the font to Helvetica and, in most cases, splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus on the left and album artwork, photos, or videos on the right (whichever was appropriate for the selected item). Question: Which company worked with Apple in creating the user interface for the iPod? Answer: Pixo Question: What was the name of the font used prior to the release of the iPod Mini? Answer: Chicago Question: In what year was the 6th gen iPod Classic released? Answer: 2007 Question: The 6th gen iPod Classic and 3rd gen iPod nano featured which font? Answer: Helvetica Question: Who supervised the design and implementation of the iPod user interface? Answer: Steve Jobs Question: What software did Apple use as the basis for their iPod software? Answer: PortalPlayer Question: What typeface does the current iPod use? Answer: Helvetica
Context: On Thursday, September 19, 1985, at 7:19 am local time, Mexico City was struck by an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 on the Richter scale. Although this earthquake was not as deadly or destructive as many similar events in Asia and other parts of Latin America, it proved to be a disaster politically for the one-party government. The government was paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption, forcing ordinary citizens to create and direct their own rescue efforts and to reconstruct much of the housing that was lost as well. Question: What day of the week did the major earthquake strike Mexico City? Answer: Thursday Question: How strong was the powerful earthquake that hit Mexico City in 1985? Answer: 8.1 on the Richter scale Question: What month did the 8.1 earthquake hit Mexico City in 1985? Answer: September Question: Why did the one-party government struggle after the major earthquake in 1985? Answer: paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption Question: Who led the rescue effort after the earthquake of 1985? Answer: ordinary citizens
Context: IBM was among the first corporations to provide group life insurance (1934), survivor benefits (1935) and paid vacations (1937). In 1932 IBM created an Education Department to oversee training for employees, which oversaw the completion of the IBM Schoolhouse at Endicott in 1933. In 1935, the employee magazine Think was created. Also that year, IBM held its first training class for female systems service professionals. In 1942, IBM launched a program to train and employ disabled people in Topeka, Kansas. The next year classes began in New York City, and soon the company was asked to join the President's Committee for Employment of the Handicapped. In 1946, the company hired its first black salesman, 18 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1947, IBM announced a Total and Permanent Disability Income Plan for employees. A vested rights pension was added to the IBM retirement plan. During IBM's management transformation in the 1990s revisions were made to these pension plans to reduce IBM's pension liabilities. Question: In what year did IBM begin to provide group life insurance? Answer: 1934 Question: IBM created a school house in 1933, what was its name? Answer: IBM Schoolhouse at Endicott Question: IBM employees created a magazine in 1935, what was its name? Answer: Think Question: What program did IBM launch in 1942? Answer: program to train and employ disabled people Question: What year did IBM hire its first black salesman? Answer: 1946 Question: In what year did Endicott provide group life insurance? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was created by Endicott in 1932 for overseeing employee training? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was held for female system service professionals in 1937? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Endicott create a program to train and hire in 1942? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the employee magazine in 1935 featuring the first black salesman? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: For the remainder of the Korean War the UN Command and the PVA fought, but exchanged little territory; the stalemate held. Large-scale bombing of North Korea continued, and protracted armistice negotiations began 10 July 1951 at Kaesong. On the Chinese side, Zhou Enlai directed peace talks, and Li Kenong and Qiao Guanghua headed the negotiation team. Combat continued while the belligerents negotiated; the UN Command forces' goal was to recapture all of South Korea and to avoid losing territory. The PVA and the KPA attempted similar operations, and later effected military and psychological operations in order to test the UN Command's resolve to continue the war. Question: Where did armistice negotiations occur? Answer: Kaesong Question: What did the UN Command want to achieve with the armistice talks? Answer: recapture all of South Korea and to avoid losing territory Question: What tactics were used by the PVA to coax the UN Command to continuing the war? Answer: military and psychological operations Question: Was there a cease fire during the talks? Answer: Large-scale bombing of North Korea continued Question: Who directed the armistice negotiation for the Chinese? Answer: Zhou Enlai
Context: When multiple different alleles for a gene are present in a species's population it is called polymorphic. Most different alleles are functionally equivalent, however some alleles can give rise to different phenotypic traits. A gene's most common allele is called the wild type, and rare alleles are called mutants. The genetic variation in relative frequencies of different alleles in a population is due to both natural selection and genetic drift. The wild-type allele is not necessarily the ancestor of less common alleles, nor is it necessarily fitter. Question: What is it called when multiple different alleles for a gene are present in a species's population? Answer: polymorphic Question: What can some alleles give rise to? Answer: different phenotypic traits Question: What is a gene's most common allele known as? Answer: the wild type Question: What are rare alleles called? Answer: mutants Question: What is one cause of the genetic variation in relative frequencies of different alleles in a population? Answer: genetic drift
Context: In 2007, RIBA called for minimum space standards in newly built British houses after research was published suggesting that British houses were falling behind other European countries. "The average new home sold to people today is significantly smaller than that built in the 1920s... We're way behind the rest of Europe—even densely populated Holland has better proportioned houses than are being built in the country. So let's see minimum space standards for all new homes," said RIBA president Jack Pringle. Question: What did the Royal Institute support in order to keep up with housing in mainland Europe? Answer: minimum space standards Question: When did the Royal Institute promote setting lower limits on the size of new homes in Britain? Answer: 2007 Question: Who was the head of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 2007? Answer: Jack Pringle Question: To what decade did Pringle unfavorably compare the size of modern British homes? Answer: the 1920s Question: What country did Pringle cite as having homes with better proportions than those found in the UK? Answer: Holland Question: What did the Royal Institute oppose in order to keep up with housing in mainland Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Royal Institute oppose setting lower limits on the size of new homes in Britain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the body of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 2007? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What decade did Pringle favorably compare the size of modern British homes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country did Pringle cite as having homes with worse proportions than those found in the UK? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After a nonprofit organization has been formed at the state level, the organization may seek recognition of tax exempt status with respect to U.S. federal income tax. That is done typically by applying to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), although statutory exemptions exist for limited types of nonprofit organizations. The IRS, after reviewing the application to ensure the organization meets the conditions to be recognized as a tax exempt organization (such as the purpose, limitations on spending, and internal safeguards for a charity), may issue an authorization letter to the nonprofit granting it tax exempt status for income tax payment, filing, and deductibility purposes. The exemption does not apply to other Federal taxes such as employment taxes. Additionally, a tax-exempt organization must pay federal tax on income that is unrelated to their exempt purpose. Failure to maintain operations in conformity to the laws may result in an organization losing its tax exempt status. Question: How does a US NPO apply for tax exempt status? Answer: applying to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Question: What are some things the IRS looks at in a charity applying for tax exempt status? Answer: purpose, limitations on spending, and internal safeguards for a charity Question: Does this tax exempt status apply to other taxes? Answer: must pay federal tax on income that is unrelated to their exempt purpose Question: What happens if an NPO does not abide by the tax laws? Answer: losing its tax exempt status Question: Who has the final say on whether or not an NPO is granted tax exempt status? Answer: Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Question: What can a nonprofit do after it pays employment taxes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How does a nonprofit ensure limits on spending? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What exists for limited types of deductibility purposes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What conditions must an authorization letter meet to show income? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of tax can a company that is federally formed be exempt from? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2010, 6.9% of the population (1,269,765) considered themselves to be of only American ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity). Many of these were of English or Scotch-Irish descent; however, their families have lived in the state for so long, that they choose to identify as having "American" ancestry or do not know their ancestry. In the 1980 United States census the largest ancestry group reported in Florida was English with 2,232,514 Floridians claiming that they were of English or mostly English American ancestry. Some of their ancestry went back to the original thirteen colonies. Question: What percentage of the population considers themselves American Answer: 6.9% of the population (1,269,765) considered themselves to be of only American ancestry Question: In the 1980 census the largest ancestry group in Florida was Answer: largest ancestry group reported in Florida was English with 2,232,514 Floridians claiming that they were of English or mostly English American ancestry Question: How far back did some of the Ancestry go Answer: back to the original thirteen colonies. Question: What percent of the population considered themselves not American? Answer: Unanswerable Question: French was the largest ancestry in Florida in what year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Floridians claimed they're of Spanish descent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why do people choose not to identify as American ancestry? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: New government spending, regulation, and policies helped the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than many other sectors. Most notably, U.S. President Barack Obama's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 included more than $70 billion in direct spending and tax credits for clean energy and associated transportation programs. This policy-stimulus combination represents the largest federal commitment in U.S. history for renewables, advanced transportation, and energy conservation initiatives. Based on these new rules, many more utilities strengthened their clean-energy programs. Clean Edge suggests that the commercialization of clean energy will help countries around the world deal with the current economic malaise. Once-promising solar energy company, Solyndra, became involved in a political controversy involving U.S. President Barack Obama's administration's authorization of a $535 million loan guarantee to the Corporation in 2009 as part of a program to promote alternative energy growth. The company ceased all business activity, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and laid-off nearly all of its employees in early September 2011. Question: What helped the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than other sectors? Answer: New government spending, regulation, and policies Question: What suggests that the commercialization of clean energy will hellp countries deal with economic malaise? Answer: commercialization of clean energy Question: Which company became invovled in a political controversy? Answer: Solyndra Question: What company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy? Answer: Solyndra Question: What didn't help the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than other sectors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What helped the industry weather the 2010 economic crisis better than other sectors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What didn't suggest that the commercialization of clean energy will hellp countries deal with economic malaise? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which company did not become involved in a political controversy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company never had to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1915, as the Russian Caucasus Army continued to advance into eastern Anatolia, the Ottoman government started the deportation of its ethnic Armenian population, resulting in the death of approximately 1.5 million Armenians in what became known as the Armenian Genocide. The genocide was carried out during and after World War I and implemented in two phases: the wholesale killing of the able-bodied male population through massacre and subjection of army conscripts to forced labour, followed by the deportation of women, children, the elderly and infirm on death marches leading to the Syrian desert. Driven forward by military escorts, the deportees were deprived of food and water and subjected to periodic robbery, rape, and systematic massacre. Large-scale massacres were also committed against the Empire's Greek and Assyrian minorities as part of the same campaign of ethnic cleansing. Question: When did the Russian Caucasus Army advance into eastern Anatolia? Answer: In 1915 Question: What ethnic group was deported by the Ottoman Government from eastern Anatolia? Answer: ethnic Armenian Question: How many ethnic Armenians are believed to have died in the Armenian Genocide? Answer: 1.5 million Question: Armenian women and children were deported on death marches through what desert? Answer: the Syrian desert Question: Two other ethnic minorities were massacred during Ottoman ethnic cleansing, what were they? Answer: Greek and Assyrian minorities
Context: As of the 2006 Census, there were 100,646 inhabitants in St. John's itself, 151,322 in the urban area and 181,113 in the St. John's Census Metropolitan Area (CMA). Thus, St. John's is Newfoundland and Labrador's largest city and Canada's 20th largest CMA. Apart from St. John's, the CMA includes 12 other communities: the city of Mount Pearl and the towns of Conception Bay South, Paradise, Portugal Cove-St. Philip's, Torbay, Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove, Pouch Cove, Flatrock, Bay Bulls, Witless Bay, Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove and Bauline. The population of the CMA was 192,326 as of 1 July 2010. Question: In what year where there 100,646 inhabitants in St. John's? Answer: 2006 Question: How many communities does the CMA include? Answer: 12 Question: What was the population of the CMA in 2010? Answer: 192,326 Question: What is Newfoundland and Labrador's largest city? Answer: St. John's Question: In what year did the St. Johns CMA have 100,646 inhabitants? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Canada's largest city? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What nearby towns are not included in St. Johns CMA? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There are more than 900 million Protestants worldwide,[ad] among approximately 2.4 billion Christians.[ae] In 2010, a total of more than 800 million included 300 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, 260 million in the Americas, 140 million in Asia-Pacific region, 100 million in Europe and 2 million in Middle East-North Africa. Protestants account for nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide and more than one tenth of the total human population. Various estimates put the percentage of Protestants in relation to the total number of world's Christians at 33%, 36%, 36.7%, and 40%, while in relation to the world's population at 11.6% and 13%. Question: How many Protestants are there in the world? Answer: more than 900 million Question: What is the total population of Christians in the world? Answer: approximately 2.4 billion Question: Approximately how much of the world's population are Protestant (in fractions)? Answer: more than one tenth Question: What area only had about 2 million Protestants in 2010? Answer: Middle East-North Africa Question: What area had the largest Protestant population in 2010? Answer: Sub-Saharan Africa
Context: There are many rules to contact in this type of football. First, the only player on the field who may be legally tackled is the player currently in possession of the football (the ball carrier). Second, a receiver, that is to say, an offensive player sent down the field to receive a pass, may not be interfered with (have his motion impeded, be blocked, etc.) unless he is within one yard of the line of scrimmage (instead of 5 yards (4.6 m) in American football). Any player may block another player's passage, so long as he does not hold or trip the player he intends to block. The kicker may not be contacted after the kick but before his kicking leg returns to the ground (this rule is not enforced upon a player who has blocked a kick), and the quarterback, having already thrown the ball, may not be hit or tackled. Question: What is the term for the player that is currently handing the football when play is underway? Answer: ball carrier Question: Within what distance from the line of scrimmage can offensive players who do not have the ball be legally contacted by defensive players? Answer: one yard Question: What are two illegal ways to block an opposing player's progress near the line of scrimmage? Answer: hold or trip Question: Which player may not be tackled immediately after they have thrown a pass? Answer: quarterback Question: What player can be legally tackeled when tripping the player he intends to block? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What player can't be interfered with unless he is within one yard of any player? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which player may not be contacted after the kick after throwing a pass? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are two illegal ways to currently be in possession of the ball near the line of scrimmage? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When is the rule applied where the offensive player may not be contacted? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Non-commercial radio stations include NPR affiliates KUOW-FM 94.9 and KPLU-FM 88.5 (Tacoma), as well as classical music station KING-FM 98.1. Other stations include KEXP-FM 90.3 (affiliated with the UW), community radio KBCS-FM 91.3 (affiliated with Bellevue College), and high school radio KNHC-FM 89.5, which broadcasts an electronic dance music radio format and is owned by the public school system and operated by students of Nathan Hale High School. Many Seattle radio stations are also available through Internet radio, with KEXP in particular being a pioneer of Internet radio. Seattle also has numerous commercial radio stations. In a March 2012 report by the consumer research firm Arbitron, the top FM stations were KRWM (adult contemporary format), KIRO-FM (news/talk), and KISW (active rock) while the top AM stations were KOMO (AM) (all news), KJR (AM) (all sports), KIRO (AM) (all sports). Question: What type of radio stations abound in Seattle? Answer: Non-commercial Question: What are KUOW and KPLU radio stations? Answer: NPR affiliates Question: With what educational facility is KEXP-FM aligned? Answer: UW Question: What radio station is operated by the public school system? Answer: KNHC-FM 89.5 Question: Where has KEXP pioneered in Radio? Answer: Internet radio
Context: At the outset of the Franco-Prussian War, 462,000 German soldiers concentrated on the French frontier while only 270,000 French soldiers could be moved to face them, the French army having lost 100,000 stragglers before a shot was fired through poor planning and administration. This was partly due to the peacetime organisations of the armies. Each Prussian Corps was based within a Kreis (literally "circle") around the chief city in an area. Reservists rarely lived more than a day's travel from their regiment's depot. By contrast, French regiments generally served far from their depots, which in turn were not in the areas of France from which their soldiers were drawn. Reservists often faced several days' journey to report to their depots, and then another long journey to join their regiments. Large numbers of reservists choked railway stations, vainly seeking rations and orders. Question: At the start of the war, how many German troops were focused on the French frontier? Answer: 462,000 Question: How many French troops were available to stand again the Germans? Answer: 270,000 Question: What is the literal meaning of the Prussian word "Kreis?" Answer: literally "circle" Question: What did the French military numbers suffer from the most? Answer: having lost 100,000 stragglers
Context: A treaty is an official, express written agreement that states use to legally bind themselves. A treaty is the official document which expresses that agreement in words; and it is also the objective outcome of a ceremonial occasion which acknowledges the parties and their defined relationships. Question: How are the agreements in a treaty expressed? Answer: in words Question: How are states that enter into a treaty bound? Answer: legally Question: What is an official document which expresses an agreement between two states? Answer: A treaty Question: What is an objective outcome of a ceremonial occasion which acknowledges the defined relationships of its parties? Answer: A treaty Question: Who is responsible for the legally-bound obligations of the parties to a treaty? Answer: themselves
Context: Under mounting political pressure, John finally negotiated terms for a reconciliation, and the papal terms for submission were accepted in the presence of the papal legate Pandulf Verraccio in May 1213 at the Templar Church at Dover. As part of the deal, John offered to surrender the Kingdom of England to the papacy for a feudal service of 1,000 marks (equivalent to £666 at the time) annually: 700 marks (£466) for England and 300 marks (£200) for Ireland, as well as recompensing the church for revenue lost during the crisis. The agreement was formalised in the Bulla Aurea, or Golden Bull. This resolution produced mixed responses. Although some chroniclers felt that John had been humiliated by the sequence of events, there was little public reaction. Innocent benefited from the resolution of his long-standing English problem, but John probably gained more, as Innocent became a firm supporter of John for the rest of his reign, backing him in both domestic and continental policy issues. Innocent immediately turned against Philip, calling upon him to reject plans to invade England and to sue for peace. John paid some of the compensation money he had promised the church, but he ceased making payments in late 1214, leaving two-thirds of the sum unpaid; Innocent appears to have conveniently forgotten this debt for the good of the wider relationship. Question: When were the papal terms for submission accepted? Answer: May 1213 Question: How many marks did John surrender? Answer: 1,000 Question: Where was the agreement formalised? Answer: Bulla Aurea
Context: On February 11, 2004, Comcast announced a $54 billion bid for The Walt Disney Company, as well as taking on $12 billion of Disney's debt. The deal would have made Comcast the largest media conglomerate in the world. However, after rejection by Disney and uncertain response from investors, the bid was abandoned in April. The main reason for the buyout attempt was so that Comcast could acquire Disney's 80 percent stake in ESPN, which a Comcast executive called "the most important and valuable asset" that Disney owned. Question: What media conglomerate did Comcast try to buy in 2004? Answer: The Walt Disney Company Question: How much money did Comcast offer for this company? Answer: $54 billion Question: What month in 2004 did Comcast drop it's bid for this company? Answer: April Question: Comcast dropped their bid to focus on acquiring what sports network? Answer: ESPN Question: Besides offering money, what else did Comcast include in their proposal to buy Disney? Answer: taking on $12 billion of Disney's debt Question: How much debt did Comcast have in 2004? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percent of ESPN does Comcast own? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the most important asset ESPN owns? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did Comcast bid for ESPN? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what month did Disney accept Comcast's bid? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Selfridges was established in 1909 by American-born Harry Gordon Selfridge on Oxford Street. The company's innovative marketing promoted the radical notion of shopping for pleasure rather than necessity and its techniques were adopted by modern department stores the world over. The store was extensively promoted through paid advertising. The shop floors were structured so that goods could be made more accessible to customers. There were elegant restaurants with modest prices, a library, reading and writing rooms, special reception rooms for French, German, American and "Colonial" customers, a First Aid Room, and a Silence Room, with soft lights, deep chairs, and double-glazing, all intended to keep customers in the store as long as possible. Staff members were taught to be on hand to assist customers, but not too aggressively, and to sell the merchandise. Selfridge attracted shoppers with educational and scientific exhibits; – in 1909, Louis Blériot's monoplane was exhibited at Selfridges (Blériot was the first to fly over the English Channel), and the first public demonstration of television by John Logie Baird took place in the department store in 1925. Question: Who founded Selfridges in 1909? Answer: Harry Gordon Selfridge Question: What made Selfridges different from many department stores at the time? Answer: the radical notion of shopping for pleasure rather than necessity Question: How was the store most often presented to the public? Answer: paid advertising Question: What sort of customers did Selfridges most often cater to? Answer: shoppers with educational and scientific exhibits Question: Who founded Selfridges in 1990? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who closed Selfridges in 1909? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What made Selfridges the same as many department stores at the time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How wasn't the store most often presented to the public? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What sort of customers did Selfridges least often cater to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Although Alexander Graham Bell is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, his interests were extremely varied. According to one of his biographers, Charlotte Gray, Bell's work ranged "unfettered across the scientific landscape" and he often went to bed voraciously reading the Encyclopædia Britannica, scouring it for new areas of interest. The range of Bell's inventive genius is represented only in part by the 18 patents granted in his name alone and the 12 he shared with his collaborators. These included 14 for the telephone and telegraph, four for the photophone, one for the phonograph, five for aerial vehicles, four for "hydroairplanes" and two for selenium cells. Bell's inventions spanned a wide range of interests and included a metal jacket to assist in breathing, the audiometer to detect minor hearing problems, a device to locate icebergs, investigations on how to separate salt from seawater, and work on finding alternative fuels. Question: What series of books does Gray say Bell would go to sleep reading? Answer: Encyclopædia Britannica Question: How many solo patents did Bell get? Answer: 18 Question: How many patents did Bell co-author? Answer: 12
Context: Czech typographical features not associated with phonetics generally resemble those of most Latin European languages, including English. Proper nouns, honorifics, and the first letters of quotations are capitalized, and punctuation is typical of other Latin European languages. Writing of ordinal numerals is similar to most European languages. The Czech language uses a decimal comma instead of a decimal point. When writing a long number, spaces between every three numbers (e.g. between hundreds and thousands) may be used for better orientation in handwritten texts, but not in decimal places, like in English. The number 1,234,567.8910 may be written as 1234567,8910 or 1 234 567,8910. Ordinal numbers (1st) use a point as in German (1.). In proper noun phrases (except personal names), only the first word is capitalized (Pražský hrad, Prague Castle). Question: What do Czech typographical features not associated with phonetics tend to resemble? Answer: those of most Latin European languages Question: In Czech, what is done to proper nouns, honorifics, and the first letters of quotations? Answer: capitalized Question: What is typical in Czech as other Latin European languages? Answer: punctuation Question: What language does Czech share its handling of ordinal format with? Answer: German Question: What word is capitalized in proper noun phrases in Czech? Answer: only the first Question: What does English use instead of a decimal point? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can be used in Latin when writing noun phrases? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What word is capitalized in phonetics in Latin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can always be used in decimal places in Latin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Latin uses a decimal comma instead of what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Local law enforcement is divided between County Sheriff's Offices and Municipal Police Departments. Tennessee's Constitution requires that each County have an elected Sheriff. In 94 of the 95 counties the Sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer in the county and has jurisdiction over the county as a whole. Each Sheriff's Office is responsible for warrant service, court security, jail operations and primary law enforcement in the unincorporated areas of a county as well as providing support to the municipal police departments. Incorporated municipalities are required to maintain a police department to provide police services within their corporate limits. Question: Each Tennessee county must elect which law enforcement official? Answer: Sheriff Question: Which law enforcement entity serves warrants in Tennessee? Answer: Sheriff's Office Question: Who is in charge of policing Tennessee counties' unincorporated areas? Answer: County Sheriff Question: Who polices incorporated areas of Tennessee's counties? Answer: Municipal Police Departments Question: What proportion of Tennessee counties recognize their Sheriff as their head law enforcement official? Answer: 94 of the 95
Context: The city lies on approximately 200 deep canyons and hills separating its mesas, creating small pockets of natural open space scattered throughout the city and giving it a hilly geography. Traditionally, San Diegans have built their homes and businesses on the mesas, while leaving the urban canyons relatively wild. Thus, the canyons give parts of the city a segmented feel, creating gaps between otherwise proximate neighborhoods and contributing to a low-density, car-centered environment. The San Diego River runs through the middle of San Diego from east to west, creating a river valley which serves to divide the city into northern and southern segments. The river used to flow into San Diego Bay and its fresh water was the focus of the earliest Spanish explorers.[citation needed] Several reservoirs and Mission Trails Regional Park also lie between and separate developed areas of the city. Question: In what direction does the San Diego River run through the city? Answer: east to west Question: What bodies of water can be found separating different developed areas of the city? Answer: reservoirs Question: What is created by the many canyons and hills throughout San Diego? Answer: small pockets of natural open space Question: What divides the city's northern and southern segments? Answer: San Diego River Question: Where did the San Diego River once flow to? Answer: San Diego Bay Question: In what direction does the San Francisco River run through the city? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What bodies of water can't be found separating different developed areas of the city? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is created by the many canyons and hills throughout San Francisco? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What divides the city's eastern and western segments? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did the San Francisco River once flow to? Answer: Unanswerable

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