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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_900 | According to M. I. Attia, inscriptions on a sandstone stela in Nubia, two miles north of Aswan, indicate that iron ore in that region was already utilized, "worked" by the ancient Egyptians during the Eighteenth Dynasty. . . . Iron does not exist in the natural state: it must be extracted from the ore. What blast furnaces produced the metal that served to fashion Egyptian objects? In the third millennium there was no iron age in Europe or Asia. In Egypt, iron ore is nonexistent. Only Nubia and the rest of Black Africa could furnish an explanation.
In certain regions of Black Africa, the use of iron preceded that of any | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_901 | In certain regions of Black Africa, the use of iron preceded that of any
other metal. The usual stratification of the age of metals is not applicable here. A native center to diffuse iron ore probably existed; its age remains to be determined. Even those who contend that Egypt did not begin to smelt iron until the sixth century, admit that Nubia preceded it by a century. Yet, if the influences had to come from outside, from Asia Minor in particular, they would of necessity pass through Egypt. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_902 | Thus, the question of the diffusion of iron in Antiquity is far from settled. . . . New, unbiased research, taking into account all the new facts, which are numerous, is the only road to an acceptable conclusion. It will be necessary to date the exploitation of the iron mines in the Chad village of Télé-Nugar. There one finds a gallery more than one kilometer long, an underground room 22 meters by 10 , other underground rooms with low ceilings supported by pillars and somewhat resembling a subterranean temple. . . . Numerous other mine sites have been discovered comparable to that of Télé-Nugar.
Except for gold and silver, which must have been the first metals discovered, the names of other metals in Wolof are preceded by the generic term for iron. Example: ven-ug-handjar-the iron of copper-copper metal, and so on.
9. In Egyptian, Djahi designated Phoenicia, meaning, of course, the land of navigation par excellence. In Wolof, it means navigation. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_903 | 9. In Egyptian, Djahi designated Phoenicia, meaning, of course, the land of navigation par excellence. In Wolof, it means navigation.
10. In Wolof, Khekh means war, to wage war.
11. Histoire générale de la population mondiale. Paris: Ed. Montchrestien, 1961, p. 23. The four authors cited were Hecataeus of Abdera, Diodorus of Sicily, Herodotus, and Flavius Josephus.
12. In Wolof, djit means the guide or leader. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_904 | 12. In Wolof, djit means the guide or leader.
13. This was the Napatan period of the Nubian (Nilotic) Sudan. The Ethiopia of the Ancients was really the Sudanese kingdom with its two successive capitals: Napata and Meroe. Modern Ethiopia is more directly the heir of the civilization of Axum, which corresponds to a later phase of which the Ancients were totally unaware. In fact, Axum was merely a peripheral province belatedly detached from the Sudanese kingdom. Since it corresponds to modern Ethiopia, the retention of that name to denote the Ethiopia of the Ancients inevitably creates confusion in the mind of the reader. Today the name Sudan is the only proper designation for the country the Ancients called Ethiopia.
14. Cf. Diop, L'Afrique Noire précoloniale, for a more detailed analysis of politico-social African structures and the search for the driving force of history. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_905 | 1. Ernst von Aster, Histoire de la philosophie, Paris: Payot, 1952, p. 48.
2. Amélineau, Prolégomènes, Introduction, pp. 8-9.
3. Despite the anatomy of the limbs, the facial rigidity of a Greek statue differs from subsequent Latin realism and is more related to the serenity of Egyptian art.
4. George R. Riffert, Great Pyramid, Proof of God. Haverhill, Mass.: Destiny Publishers, 1944, p. 90.
5. Matila C. Ghyka, Esthétique des proportions dans la nature et dans les arts. Paris: Gallimard, 1927, pp. 345, 367-368.
6. Herodotus, op. cit., p. 99. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_906 | 1. Since those lines were written, this has been done. Raymond Mauny has had the time to examine all these samples in my laboratory. I leave it up to him to reveal his impressions if he deems it necessary.
2. One day soon, there will be second thoughts about the authenticity of the Tastan civilization, because of the restricted number, the fragility, and the almost artificial nature of the documents available to support its existence.
3. Among members of the African aristocracy, with an equal amount of melanin, the woman seems to have a lighter complexion than the man because she is less exposed to the weather, the sun in particular. This phenomenon, quite well known in Black Africa, might well be the origin of the Egyptian pictorial convention relative to the complexion of the women. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_907 | 4. On the contrary, it is impossible to make Nubian civilization date back only to this event in the seventh century b.c. The documents oppose this with so much evidence that we are astonished to see a historian give the impression of believing it possible.
5. Cf. Gaston Maspero, Histoire ancienne des peuples de l'Orient, 12th ed. Paris: Hachette, 1917, pp. 578-579.
6. Cf. Notes africaines, no. 89, January 1961, p. 10: Raymond Mauny, "Découverte de tumulus dans la région de Diourbel." | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_908 | 1. Zinfanthropus and Homo habilis are the latest discoveries. Little is known about the hominians recently discovered in Palestine and about Homo faber allegedly found in South America. These finds have yet to be confirmed.
2. Marcellin Boule \& Henri Vallois, Les Hommes fossiles. Paris: Masson, 1952, 4th ed., pp. 299-301. This text impresses by its objectivity, precision, and clarity. It leaves practically no doubt about the Negro character of the race described. [The translation is that of Michael Bullock: Fossil Men. New York: Dryden Press, 1957, pp. 285-289.]
3. Its opposite, "blancoid" or "leucodermoid," has not been coined. Thus, one detects the often unconscious sentimental basis of "scientific hypotheses."
4. In any case, the hypothetical existence of an archaic Homo sapiens has lost much support since the discovery that Piltdown man, one of the cornerstones of the structure, was a fake. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_909 | 4. In any case, the hypothetical existence of an archaic Homo sapiens has lost much support since the discovery that Piltdown man, one of the cornerstones of the structure, was a fake.
5. Alfred C. Haddon, The Races of Man and their Distribution. New York: Macmillan, 1925, pp. 24-25.
6. Furon, Manuel de préhistoire générale. Paris: Payot, 1958, p. 271. He quotes L. Balout, Préhistoire de l'Afrique du Nord, 1955, pp. 430, 437.
7. Furon, ibid., p. 274.
8. Robert Cornevin, Histoire des peuples de l'Afrique. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1960, p. 81.
9. African industries are generally considered the more recent.
10. Haddon, ibid., p. 103.
11. Boule \& Vallois, ibid., p. 933.
12. Ibid., p. 303.
13. Furon, ibid., pp. 216, 214.
14. Boule \& Vallois, p. 465.
15. Cornevin, ibid., p. 88. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_910 | 10. Haddon, ibid., p. 103.
11. Boule \& Vallois, ibid., p. 933.
12. Ibid., p. 303.
13. Furon, ibid., pp. 216, 214.
14. Boule \& Vallois, p. 465.
15. Cornevin, ibid., p. 88.
16. "In short, we can see that, aside from Africanthropus, the human remains found up to now in East Africa do not differ from the present inhabitants of that country or neighboring countries." Boule \& Vallois, p. 466.
17. Cf. Louis S. B. Leakey, The Stone Age Race of Kenya. London: Oxford University Press, 1935.
18. One must take care, however, to avoid excessive generalization about these two attitudes. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_911 | Though many of these terms are explained in the text, we list them here for purposes of ready reference. These brief notations are culled from various sources, especially:
1. Palmer \& Lloyd, Archaeology A to Z (London \& New York: Frederick Warne \& Co., Ltd., 1968)
2. Bray \& Trump, A Dictionary of Archaeology (London: Penguin, 1970)
3. Charles Winick, Dictionary of Anthropology (New York: Philosophical Library, 1956)
4. Leakey \& Goodall, Unveiling Man's Origins (Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman Publishing Co., 1969)
5. Michael H. Day, Guide to Fossil Man (Cleveland \& New York: World Publishing Co., 1968)
AMRATIAN: "An early predynastic culture of Egypt characterized by finely worked implements of bone and stone." (Cf. Winick)
ASSELAR MAN: Discovered in the Sahara by Théodore Monod. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_912 | AMRATIAN: "An early predynastic culture of Egypt characterized by finely worked implements of bone and stone." (Cf. Winick)
ASSELAR MAN: Discovered in the Sahara by Théodore Monod.
AURIGNACIAN: "A highly developed Upper Paleolithic Age culture, named after a cave at Aurignac (France) where artifacts were found. . . . CroMagnon man, Combe-Capelle man, and Grimaldi man all contributed to Aurignacian culture." (Cf. Palmer \& Lloyd)
BADARIAN: An early Egyptian culture noted for its pottery, which is found beneath that of Amratian and later ages.
CHANCELADE MAN: Prototype of the yellow race; skeletons resemble those of modern Eskimos.
COMBE-CAPELLE MAN: Aurignacian skeleton found in Dordogne (France) in 1910; housed in Berlin Museum. (Cf. Day) | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_913 | COMBE-CAPELLE MAN: Aurignacian skeleton found in Dordogne (France) in 1910; housed in Berlin Museum. (Cf. Day)
CRO-MAGNON MAN: An Upper Paleolithic man living in Europe during the Aurignacian-Magdalenian periods. "Tall and strong, with broad, high forehead and firm chin." Original home probably Asia. Named for rock shelter at French village of Eyzies. (Cf. Palmer \& Lloyd)
ENEOLITHIC: Pertaining to Chalcolithic or Copper Age.
FONTECHEVADE MAN: Found in 1947 about 17 miles east of Angoulême (France). Fontéchevade man and Swanscombe man have been grouped as "Presapiens" hominids. (Cf. Day)
GAMBLIAN: The second of the great pluvial periods, recognized from the geological strata of Kenya. (Cf. Winick)
GERZEAN: "The late predynastic culture of Egypt which developed out of the Amratian circa 3600 в.c. Named after the site of El Gerza or Gereh in the Fayum (Egypt) and is well represented at the cemetery of Naqada in Upper Egypt." (Cf. Bray \& Trump) | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_914 | GLACIAL PERIODS: The four Glacial Periods of the Pleistocene Epoch: the Gunz ( 790,000 years ago, lasted 250,000 years); the Mindel ( 480,000 years ago, lasted 50,000 years); the Riss ( 240,000 years ago, lasted to 175,000 ); the Wurm ( 115,000 years ago, lasted 90,000 years). (Cf. Palmer \& Lloyd)
GRIMALDI NEGROIDS: A prehistoric race of men whose remains were first found in cave (Grimaldi, Italy, near Menton, France). They are found in lower layers than Cro-Magnon men, whom they therefore preceded. "The Ne. groids of Grimaldi," writes Verneau, "are tall and their skull is extremely high." Grimaldi skeletons have been found in Western and Central Europe, but they probably originated in Africa. Noted for their realistic, steatopygic statuettes. (Cf. R. Verneau, Les Grottes de Grimaldi, Vol. 1, pt. 1, "Anthro. pologie," Monaco, 1906-1912, 2 vols.)
LASCAUX CAVE: A prehistoric cave in southwestern France, famous for its paintings of the Upper Paleolithic. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_915 | LASCAUX CAVE: A prehistoric cave in southwestern France, famous for its paintings of the Upper Paleolithic.
MAGDALENIAN: An Upper Paleolithic Age culture, which began in West. ern Europe before 15,000 в.C., so called because remains were first found in the rock shelter of La Madeleine (France). (Cf. Palmer \& Lloyd)
MERIMDE: A site on the borders of the Libyan desert. V. Gordon Childe calls it a typical example of "Neolithic culture."
MESOLITHIC AGE: The Middle Stone Age.
NATUFIAN CULTURE: "The principal Mesolithic culture of Palestine." (Cf. Coon, The Living Races of Man. New York: Knopf, 1965.)
NEOLITHIC AGE: The New Stone Age. "Food production replaced food gathering, and hunting and fishing became less important. . . . Neolithic men were the first to plant and harvest crops, breed animals, spin and weave, and make pots . . ." (Cf. Palmer \& Lloyd)
OLDUVAI GORGE: Site in Tanzania where Dr. Leakey and co-workers found remains of Zinjanthropus, Homo habilis, etc. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_916 | OLDUVAI GORGE: Site in Tanzania where Dr. Leakey and co-workers found remains of Zinjanthropus, Homo habilis, etc.
PALEOLITHIC: "In the earlier days of Prehistory, the Stone Age was divided into Paleolithic or Old Stone Age, and Neolithic or New Stone Age.
"After a time, it became clear that the Paleolithic spanned a very long period of time and it was divided into Lower Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic, and Upper Paleolithic. Each of these cultural divisions corresponded roughly to the then accepted time divisions of the Lower Pleistocene, Middle Pleistocene, and Upper Pleistocene.
"Subsequently, the term Eolithic was introduced for some supposedly primitive stone age cultures that were thought to date back to the Pliocene. This term has been gradually abandoned and the earliest known cultures such as the Oldowan, from the lowest levels of the Olduvai Gorge, are now grouped with the Lower Paleolithic . . ." (Leakey \& Goodall) | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_917 | PITHECANTHROPUS: An extinct genus of apelike men, especially Pithecanthropus erectus of the Pleistocene epoch of Java.
PLEISTOCENE: Time division. "The start of the Pleistocene was once put at circa 500,000 but is now placed at 3 million." (Leakey \& Goodall)
QUATERNARY: The Period following the Tertiary, which has lasted from about 1 million years ago to the present. . . . It is divided into Pleistocene and Holocene Epochs, the latter covering the last 10,000 years. (Cf. Palmer \& Lloyd)
SINANTHROPUS: "Generic name formerly given to a group of Middle Pleistocene hominids found near Peking." (Cf. Day)
SWANSCOMBE MAN: "Part of a human skull and some flint hand-axes were found in a gravel pit near Swanscombe in Kent in 1934 . . . It dated from the Second Interglacial Period of the Middle Pleistocene Epoch, another piece of the skull was discovered in 1955 . . . oldest human remains so far
found in England, and are older than Neanderthal man." (Cf. Palmer \& Lloyd) | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_918 | found in England, and are older than Neanderthal man." (Cf. Palmer \& Lloyd)
TASIAN: "A culture named after the site of Deir Tasa in Upper Egypt, a settlement of primitive farmers. It is now regarded as at best a variant of the Badarian culture." (Cf. Bray \& Trump)
ZINJANTHROPUS: Also called "Nutcracker man" because of size of teeth in skull found by Mrs. M. D. Leakey (July 1959) in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. According to Leakey, Zinjanthropus is more than $11 / 2$ million years old.
[^0] | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_919 | [^0]
[^0]: ABSOLUTE DATING: "Only one direct method of absolute dating is in common use. Nitrogen in the upper atmosphere is bombarded by neutrons produced by cosmic radiation; this results in the formation of a known proportion of radioactive carbon which becomes incorporated in carbon dioxide. This is absorbed by vegetation and thence passes into animal tissues. When bones are buried the radioactive carbon (C14) begins to decay at a known rate. Measurements of the carbon14 content of buried organic matter can be translated mathematically to give an estimate of the age of the specimen. In practice the method is limited to material less than $60-70,000$ years old since above this age the amount of carbon 14 remaining is too small to estimate. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_920 | "Another radiometric method (the potassium-argon technique) depends on the fact that naturally occurring potassium contains a radioactive isotope; this isotope decays at a constant rate producing argon which is held within the crystals of some potassic minerals. Estimates of the argon content of a sample of these minerals, derived from a deposit containing fossil bones, will indirectly measure the age of the bones . ." (Cf. Day, p. 12) | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_921 | Because many of the authors cited in this volume are unfamiliar to the aver. age reader, we append these brief notes on some of Dr. Diop's sources. This material has been culled from various biographies and reference works. We are especially indebted here to Warren Dawson's Who Was Who in Egyptology (London, 1951), and to John A. Wilson's Signs and Wonders upon Pharaoh (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964).
AMELINEAU, ABBE EMILE (1850-1915), French archeologist and Professor of the Hisiory of Religions at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes in Paris; excava'ed at Abydos and reportedly located the tomb of Osiris.
ARAMBOURG, CAMILLE (1885- ), French paleontologist and anthropologist; Protessor at the Paris Museum of Natural History.
BACHOFEN, JOHANN JAKOB (1815-1887), Swiss jurist and "philosopher of hisiory." | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_922 | BACHOFEN, JOHANN JAKOB (1815-1887), Swiss jurist and "philosopher of hisiory."
BATTUTA, IBN (1304-1377), Muslim writer and traveler born in Tangier; visited the old kingdom of Mali in 1352. His "narrative remains one of the best travel books ever made," writes Basil Davidson in The African Past, p. 80.
BAUMANN, HERMANN (1902- ), German anthropologist.
BORY DE SAINT-VINCENT, BARON JEAN-BAPTISTE (1778-1846), French naturalist, one of the editors of the 17 -volume Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle (Paris, 1822-31).
EOULE, MARCELLIN (1861-1942), French scientist; Director, French Ins:itu'e of Human Paleontology; Professor, French National Museum of Natural History.
BREASTED, JAMES HENRY (1865-1935), American Egyptologist; Professor of Eyyptology at University of Chicago from 1895; Director, Oriental Institue from 1919; prolific author. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_923 | BREASTED, JAMES HENRY (1865-1935), American Egyptologist; Professor of Eyyptology at University of Chicago from 1895; Director, Oriental Institue from 1919; prolific author.
BREUIL, ABBE HENRI (1877-1961), French archeologist, authority on the Paleolithic Age. He "studied every important cave of Europe, searched the Sabara for still more, and explored the decorated rocks of the Horn of Africa . . " (Karl E. Meyer, The Pleasures of Archeology. New Yo k: Atheneum, 1971, p. 37.)
BRION, MARCEL (1895- ), French art critic and novelist. In addition to The World of Archeology, he has written on German painting, Romantic art, etc. Member, French Academy, 1964.
BRUGSCH, KARL HEINRICH (1827-94), German Egyptologist; from 1870-79 was head of Khedive's school of Egyptology in Cairo; Professor at Göttingen, 1868; published, among other works, a Dictionnaire géographique de l'ancienne Egypte (Leipzig, 1879-80). | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_924 | BUDGE, SIR ERNEST ALFRED WALLIS (1857-1934), British scholar, collector of antiquities for British Museum; museum official.
CAILLIAUD, FREDERIC (1787-1869), French mineralogist and traveler; first weat to Egypt in 1815 and was employed to find the emerald mines described by Arab historians; revisited Egypt in 1819; in 1821 ascended Nile and discovered ruins of Meroë.
CAPART, JEAN (1877-1947), Belgian Egyptologist, specialist in Egyptian art; Director, Royal Museum in Brussels; an adviser to Brooklyn Museum.
CHAMPOLION, JEAN-FRANÇOIS, Champollion the Younger (17901832), has been called "Founder of Egyptology" because of his decipherment of hieroglyphics; a precocious and gifted linguist, had mastered half a dozen oriental languages as well as Latin and Greek by the age of 16; taught first at Grenoble; in 1831 appointed to Collège de France. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_925 | CHAMPOLION-FIGEAC, JACQUES-JOSEPH (1778-1867), French philologist, interested in Egyptian archeology; educated his famous younger brother; professor of Greek and librarian at Grenoble; later in charge of manuscripts at Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris.
CHERUBINI, SALVATORE (1797-1869), Italian artist, son of the composer; accompanied Champollion to Egypt in 1828; naturalized French; Inspector of Fine Arts.
CHILDE, V. GORDON (1892-1957), British prehistorian; Professor of prehistoric archeology, University of Edinburgh; Director, Institute of Archeology, University of London, 1946-56. Works include: Man Makes Himself (1951) and What Happened in History (1954).
CONTENAU, GEORGES (1877- ), French Orientalist, specialist on Persia (Iran) and Babylonia; official at Louvre Museum.
CORNEVIN, ROBERT (1919- ), French historian and ethnologist; has produced volumes on Dahomey, the Bassari of northern Togo, the history of Africa, etc. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_926 | CORNEVIN, ROBERT (1919- ), French historian and ethnologist; has produced volumes on Dahomey, the Bassari of northern Togo, the history of Africa, etc.
DELAFOSSE, MAURICE (1870-1926), French Africanist, author of The Negroes of Africa and other works primarily on "French" West Africa.
DESPLAGNES, LOUIS (1878?-1914), French archeologist.
DIEULAFOY, MARCEL-AUGUSTE (1844-1920), French archeologist, excavated at Susa.
DIODORUS SICULUS, Greek historian, first century B.C.; came from Sicily and lived in Alexandria and Rome.
FRAZER, SIR JAMES GEORGE (1854-1941), Scottish anthropologist who wrote on mythology and primitive religions, author of The Golden Bough.
FROBENIUS, LEO (1873-1938), German ethnologist; made 12 expeditions to Africa, 1904-35.
FURON, RAYMOND (1898- ), French geologist, past president Geological Society of France; Professor, University of Paris; author of many books on such subjects as the geology of Africa, paleontology, Iran, the water problem, etc. | {
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"start_index": 4006
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_927 | GOBINEAU, COUNT JOSEPH-ARTHUR DE (1816-1882), French writer and diplomat, whose racist theories influenced the Nazis.
GRIAULE, MARCEL (1898-1956), French ethnologist, authority on the Dogon ethnic group.
HADDON, ALFRED CORT (1855-1940), British anthropologist; professor of Zoology, Dublin, 1880; 15 years later named Lecturer in Physical Anthropology at his alma mater, Cambridge. "The life history of Alfred Cort Haddon is, to a great extent, the life history of modern anthropology" (A. H. Quiggin, Haddon, the Head-Hunter, Cambridge University Press, 1942).
HAMY, ERNEST-THEODORE (1842-1908), French anthropologist; Professor, Paris Museum of Natural History; wrote on Stone Age in Egypt and on races of man seen on the monuments; member of the Institut.
HARTMANN, CHARLES DE (1842-1906), German philosopher, savant.
HERODOTUS (484?-425? в.c.), Greek historian, "Father of History." | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_928 | HARTMANN, CHARLES DE (1842-1906), German philosopher, savant.
HERODOTUS (484?-425? в.c.), Greek historian, "Father of History."
HOEFER, FERDINAND (1811-78), French scholar; in addition to Chal. dea, Assyria, Media, Babylonia, Mesopotamia, and Phoenicia, he also wrote on southern Africa, chemistry, botany, and mathematics.
HOUSSAYE, FRÉDERIC-ARSENE (1860-1920), French naturalist.
JEFFREYS, MERVYN DAVID WALDEGRAVE, former Senior District, Officer, Bamenda, "British" Cameroons. By 1944 he had "worked among the Negroes of West Africa" for more than 25 years.
KATI, MAHMUD (1468-1593?), Soninké or Sarakolé scholar with Askia Muhammad; wrote the Tarikh el Fettach.
KHALDUN, IBN, fourteenth-century Arab historian.
LARREY, BARON DOMINIQUE-JEAN (1766-1842), Surgeon-in-chief, French army; member Napoleon's Commission in Egypt. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_929 | KHALDUN, IBN, fourteenth-century Arab historian.
LARREY, BARON DOMINIQUE-JEAN (1766-1842), Surgeon-in-chief, French army; member Napoleon's Commission in Egypt.
LEAKEY, LOUIS SEYMOUR BAZETT (1903-1972), British archeologist born in Kenya, son of English missionaries; Curator, Coryndon Memorial Museum, Nairobi, 1945-61; especially famous for his finds in Olduvai Gorge; Fellow of British Academy; awarded Royal Medal of Royal Geographical Society.
LENORMANT, FRANÇOIS (1837-1933), French archeologist; member, Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres; Professor, Paris Bibliothèque Nationale; founded Gazette archéologique, 1875.
LEPSIUS, KARL RICHARD (1810-1884), German Egyptologist; Curator, Egyptian collections in Berlin after 1865.
LÉVY-BRUHL, LUCIEN (1857-1939), French philosopher who wrote extensively on the primitive mentality and primitive soul.
LINNAEUS, CARL, eighteenth-century Swedish naturalist. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_930 | LÉVY-BRUHL, LUCIEN (1857-1939), French philosopher who wrote extensively on the primitive mentality and primitive soul.
LINNAEUS, CARL, eighteenth-century Swedish naturalist.
LLOYD, SETON (1902- ), British archeologist; excavated in Egypt 1929-30, in Iraq 1930-37, in Turkey 1930-37; directed British Institute in Ankara 1949-61; professor of Western Asiatic Archeology, London University 1962-69, now Emeritus.
MAES, JOSEPH, Belgian ethnologist; published several studies on ethnic groups of ex-Belgian Congo, in addition to the 1924 article on the Serer quoted.
MANETHO OF SEBENNYTOS, an Egyptian priest (third century в.с.), who wrote a chronicle on Egypt in Greek.
MASPERO, SIR GASTON-CAMILLE-CHARLES (1846-1916), French Egyptologist; directed Service of Antiquities in Egypt, 1881-86, 1899-1914; Professor of Egyptology in Paris from 1869; prolific author; knighted by King of England, 1901; member, French Academy, 1883. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_931 | MAUNY, RAYMOND, French archeologist; Director of Archeology at IFAN in Dakar; most recent volume: Les Siècles obscurs de l'Afrique Noire (Paris: Fayard, 1971).
MONOD, THEODORE (1902- ), French geologist; for many years was Director of IFAN; one of pioneer explorers of Sahara; one of original sponsors of Présence Africaine and edited its special issue on Le Monde Noir.
MORET, ALEXANDRE (1868-1938), French Egyptologist; studied under Maspero; Director, Ecole des Hautes Etudes, 1899-1938; Professor, Collège de France, 1923; member, French Academy, 1927.
NAVILLE, HENRI EDOUARD (1844-1926), Swiss archeologist; studied under Lepsius; excavated in Egypt 1883-1913.
PÉDRAIS, DENIS-PIERRE DE (1911- ), French archeologist.
PETRIE, SIR WILLIAM MATTHEW FLINDERS (1853-1942), British Egyptologist, prolific author; began work in Egypt in 1880; directed British School of Archeology in Egypt, then in Palestine; Professor of Egyptology, University of London. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_932 | PIRENNE, JACQUES (1891- ), Belgian historian; tutor of ex-King Leopold 1920-24; has taught at University of Brussels, Oriental Institute of Prague, Collège de France, University of Cairo, Grenoble, and Geneva; member, Royal Academy of Belgium, 1945.
QUATREFAGES DE BREAU, ARMAND (1810-92), French naturalist; Professor at Paris Museum of Natural History; member of the Institut.
QUIBBELL, JAMES EDWARD (1867-1935), British archeologist; best known for his excavations at Saqqara; worked in Services of Antiquities and at Cairo Museum; Petrie's assistant in 1894; discovered Narmer's Tablet.
REISNER, GEORGE ANDREW (1867-1942), American Egyptologist; has been called "the finest of excavators"; from 1910 was Curator of Egyptian Antiquities at Boston Museum of Fine Arts; Professor of Egyptology at Harvard from 1914; directed the Harvard Camp at the pyramids. | {
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"start_index": 9089
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_933 | SCHURE, EDOUARD (1841-1929), French writer; studied law but left jurisprudence for career as music critic and historian. Les Grands Initiés, from which Dr. Diop quotes, is an essay on occult theories of founders of various religions.
SELIGMAN, CHARLES GABRIEL (1873-1940), British anthropologist; member Haddon's 1898 expedition to Torres Straits and New Guinea; appointed 1909 by government of Sudan to conduct ethnographic survey.
SERGI, GIUSEPPE (1841-1936), Ialian anthropologist.
SIEGFRIED, ANDRE (1875-1959), French economist and professor, author of various works on foreign lands, including the United States. In a lecture on the African, in 1952, he contended that the Black could be a good subordinate but made a poor director.
SMITH, SIR GRAFTON ELLIOT (1871-1937), British anatomist; Professor of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Cairo, 1900-09; authority on mummification. | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_934 | SMITH, SIR GRAFTON ELLIOT (1871-1937), British anatomist; Professor of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Cairo, 1900-09; authority on mummification.
TEMPELS, FATHER PLACIDE (1906- ), Belgian missionary in the Congo; his famous book on Bantu philosophy was first published in Antwerp in 1946.
VALLOIS, HENRI-VICTOR (1889- ), French anthropologist; Director, French Institute of Human Paleontology, Paris Museum of Man.
VENDRYES, JOSEPH (1875- ), French Professor of Linguistics, stressing its importance as an "introduction to history"; edited Etudes celtiques.
VOLNEY, COUNT CONSTANTIN DE (1757-1820), French intellectual, member of the Estates-General, Constituent Assembly, French Academy, and Society of Friends of the Blacks. His Voyage en Egypte et Syrie was considered "the masterpiece of that genre"; a second work, The Ruins, or a survey of | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_935 | the revolution of empires (1791), was even more successful. Imprisoned dur. ing the Reign of Terror, he was appointed Professor of History at Paris Ecole Normale the following year. In 1795 went to the United States, was warmly welcomed by George Washington; returned home in 1798 denounced by John Adams as a secret agent to help France recover Louisiana. In 1803 he pub. ished a Tableau du climat et du sol des Etats-Unis. Napoleon named him a count in 1808; six years later was made a peer of France by Louis XVIII.
WOOLLEY, SIR LEONARD (1880-1960), British archeologist; excavated in Egypt, Iraq, Syria; during World War I, prisoner-of-war in Turkey; wrote volume on the ancient Orient for UNESCO World History. | {
"Header 1": "Brief Biographical Notes",
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_936 | Aeschylus. Complete Plays, translated into English rhyming verse by Gilbert Murray. London: Allen \& Unwin, 1952.
Aitken, Martin J. Physics and Archeology. New York \& London: Interscience Publishers, 1961.
AmÉlineau, Abbé Émile. Prolégomènes à l'étude de la religion égyptienne. Paris: Ed. Leroux, 1916.
—. Nouvelles Fouilles d'Abydos. Paris: Ed. Leroux, 1899.
Aristotle. Politique. Books I \& II. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1960.
Aron, Raymond. Les Étapes de la pensée sociologique. Paris: Gallimard, 1967.
Aster, Ernst von. Histoire de la philosophie. Paris: Payot, 1952.
Attia, Mahmoud Ibrahim. Communication in Actes du Congrès international de géologie, 1948. 18th session. London: Butles, 1952.
Bachofen, Johann Jakob. Pages choisies par Adrien Turel. Paris: F. Alcan, 1938.
Balout, Lionel. Préhistoire de l'Afrique du Nord. Paris: Arts et Métiers graphiques, 1955.
Basset, André. La Langue berbère. Paris: E. Leroux, 1929. | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
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} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_937 | Balout, Lionel. Préhistoire de l'Afrique du Nord. Paris: Arts et Métiers graphiques, 1955.
Basset, André. La Langue berbère. Paris: E. Leroux, 1929.
Battuta, Ibn. See H. A. R. Gibb, Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia and Africa. London: 1929. Also: Les Voyages d'Ibn Battuta, translated into French by C. Défremery \& B. R. Sanguinetti. Paris: 1854.
Baumann, Hermann \& D. Westermann. Les Peuples et civilisations de l'Afrique, followed by Les Langues et l'éducation. Paris: Payot, 1948.
Bloomfield, Leonard. Language. New York: Henry Holt \& Co., 1933; first ed., 1914.
Boilat, Abbé. Grammaire de la langue woloffe. Paris, 1858.
Bory de Saint-Vincent, Baron Jean-Baptiste. Histoire et description des Iles de l'Océan. Paris: Didot, 1839.
Boule, Marcelin \& Henri V. Valois. Les Hommes fossiles.
Paris: Masson, 1952. Translated by Michael Bullock as Fossil Men, New York: Dryden Press, 1957.
Breasted, James H. The Conquest of Civilization. New York: Harper \& Brothers, 1926. | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 784
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_938 | Paris: Masson, 1952. Translated by Michael Bullock as Fossil Men, New York: Dryden Press, 1957.
Breasted, James H. The Conquest of Civilization. New York: Harper \& Brothers, 1926.
Breuil, Abbé Henri. "L'Afrique du Sud," Les Nouvelles littéraires, April 5, 1951.
Brion, Marcel. La Résurrection des villes mortes. Paris: Payot, 1937-38. Translated by Miriam \& Lionel Kochan as The World of Archeology, New York: Macmillan, 1962.
Budge, Wallis. The Egyptian Sudan. Vols. I \& II. London: Kegan, Trench \& Co., 1907.
Calliaud, Frédéric. Voyage à Méroë. Paris, 1836.
Capart, Jean. Les Débuts de l'art en Egypte. Brussels: Ed. Vromant, 1904.
Cappart, Denise. "Origine africaine de la coiffure égyptienne," Reflets du Monde, Brussels, 1956.
Champollion, Jean Francois (Champollion the Younger). Grammaire égyptienne. Paris: F. Didot frères, 1836-41.
Champollion-Figeac, Jacques Joseph. Egypte ancienne. Paris: Collection l'Univers, 1839.
Chérubini, Salvatore. La Nubie. Paris: Collection l'Univers, 1847. | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 1576
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_939 | Champollion-Figeac, Jacques Joseph. Egypte ancienne. Paris: Collection l'Univers, 1839.
Chérubini, Salvatore. La Nubie. Paris: Collection l'Univers, 1847.
Childe, V. Gordon. New Light on the Most Ancient East. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner \& Co., Ltd., 1934.
Cohen, Marcel S. Essai comparatif sur le vocabulaire et la phonétique du chamito-sémitique. Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, 1947.
Contenau, Georges. Manuel d'archéologie orientale. Paris: J. Picard, 1947.
—_. La Civilisation des Hittites et des Mitanniens. Paris: Payot, 1934.
Coon, Carleton S. The Races of Europe. New York: Macmillan, 1939.
Cornevin, Robert. Histoire des peuples de l'Afrique. Paris: BergerLevrault, 1960.
Davidson, Basil. The Lost Cities of Africa. Boston \& Toronto: Little, Brown \& Co., 1959.
—. The African Past: Chronicles from Antiquity to Modern Times. New York: The Universal Library, Grosset \& Dunlap, 1967. Delafosse, Maurice. Haut-Sénégal, Niger. Paris: Larose, 1912. | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 2421
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_940 | —. The African Past: Chronicles from Antiquity to Modern Times. New York: The Universal Library, Grosset \& Dunlap, 1967. Delafosse, Maurice. Haut-Sénégal, Niger. Paris: Larose, 1912.
—_. Les Noirs de l'Afrique. Paris: Payot, 1922. Translated by Frieda Fligeman as The Negroes of Africa. Washington, D. C.: Associated Publishers, 1931.
Diodorus Siculus (Diodorus of Sicily). Histoire universelle, translated by Abbé Terrasson. Paris, 1758.
Diop, Cheikh Anta. Nations nègres et culture. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1954.
—_. L'Unité culturelle de l'Afrique Noire. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1959.
—_. L'Afrique Noire précoloniale. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1960.
Les Fondements culturels, techniques et industriels d'un futur état fédéral d'Afrique noire. Paris: Présence Africaine, 1960.
—. Antériorité des civilisations nègres: mythe ou vérité historique? Paris: Présence Africaine, 1967.
—_. "L'Apparition de l'Homo-sapiens," Bulletin de l'IFAN, vol. XXXII, series B \#3, 1970. | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 3213
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_941 | —. Antériorité des civilisations nègres: mythe ou vérité historique? Paris: Présence Africaine, 1967.
—_. "L'Apparition de l'Homo-sapiens," Bulletin de l'IFAN, vol. XXXII, series B \#3, 1970.
—_. "La Métallurgie du fer sous l'ancien empire égyptien," Bull. B. IFAN, 1973 (on press).
—_. "La Pigmentation des anciens Egyptiens: test par la mélanine," Bull. B. IFAN, 1973 (on press).
—_. "Introduction à l'étude des migrations en Afrique occidentale et centrale. Identification du berceau nilotique du peuple sénégalais," Bull. IFAN, 1973 (on press).
Dumezil, Georges. Mythe et épopée. Paris: Gallimard, 1968.
—. Idées romaines. Paris: Gallimard, 1969.
Dumoulin de Laplante. Histoire générale synchronique. Paris: 1947.
Erman, Adolf \& Hermann Grapow. Wörterbuch der Aegyptischen Sprache. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1971, 7 vols.
Evans, Arthur J. The Palace of Minos. London: Macmillan, 1921 35,4 vols.
Fagg, William B. Nigerian Images, the splendor of African Sculpture. New York: Praeger, 1963. | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 4003
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_942 | Evans, Arthur J. The Palace of Minos. London: Macmillan, 1921 35,4 vols.
Fagg, William B. Nigerian Images, the splendor of African Sculpture. New York: Praeger, 1963.
Faidherbe, Louis. Langues sénégalaises. Paris: Leroux, 1887.
Faulkner, Raymond O. A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian. Oxford, 1964.
Fontanes, Marius. Les Egyptes. Paris: Ed. Lemerre, 1880 (?).
Frazer, James G. The Golden Bough, New York: Macmillan, 1951; first ed., 1922.
Frobenius, Leo. Histoire de la civilisation africaine, translated into French by H. Back \& D. Ermont. Paris: Gallimard, 1952.
—_. Mythologie de l'Atlantide. Paris: Payot, 1949.
Furon, Raymond. Manuel de préhistoire générale. Paris: Payot, 1958.
Gardiner, Alan H. Egyptian Grammar. London: Clarendon Press, 1927.
GhykA, Matila C. Esthétique des proportions dans la nature et dans les arts. Paris: Gallimard, 1927. | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 4831
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_943 | Gardiner, Alan H. Egyptian Grammar. London: Clarendon Press, 1927.
GhykA, Matila C. Esthétique des proportions dans la nature et dans les arts. Paris: Gallimard, 1927.
Gobineau, Count Joseph Arthur de. Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines. Paris, 1853. Translated by Adrian Collins as The Inequality of Human Races. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1915.
Greenberg, Joseph H. Languages of Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University, 1966.
Griaule, Marcel. Dieu d'eau. Paris: Editions du Chêne, 1948.
Gurvitch, Georges. Déterminismes sociaux et liberté humaine, 2nd ed. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1963.
Haddon, Alfred C. The Races of Man and Their Distribution. New York: Macmillan, 1925.
Halévy, Daniel. Essai sur l'accélération de l'histoire. Paris: A. Fayard, 1961.
Hardy, Georges. Vue générale de l'histoire d'Afrique. Paris, 1930. Herodotus. History, Book II. Translated by George Rawlinson. New York: Tudor, 1928. | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 5525
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_944 | Hardy, Georges. Vue générale de l'histoire d'Afrique. Paris, 1930. Herodotus. History, Book II. Translated by George Rawlinson. New York: Tudor, 1928.
Hoefer, Ferdinand. Chaldée, Assyrie, Médie, Babylonie, Mésopotamie, Phénicie. Paris: Ed. Didot frères, 1852.
Homburger, Lilias. "Le Wolof et les parlers bantous," Mémoires de la Société Linguistique de Paris, vol. VII, \#5.
—. Les Langues négro-africaines et les peuples qui les parlent. Paris: Payot, 1941.
Hubac, Pierre. Carthage. Paris: Ed. Bellenand, 1952.
Jahn, Janheinz. Muntu. Paris: Ed. du Scuil, 1961. Translated by Marjorie Grene as Muntu, an outline of neo-African culture. New York: Grove Press; London: Faber \& Faber, 1961.
Juvenal. Satires. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1957.
Kati, Mahmoud. Tarikh el-Fettach, translated into French by O. Houdas \& M. Delafosse. Paris: Leroux, 1913.
Leakey, Louis S. B. The Stone Age Races of Kenya. Oxford: University Press, 1935. | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 6310
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_945 | Kati, Mahmoud. Tarikh el-Fettach, translated into French by O. Houdas \& M. Delafosse. Paris: Leroux, 1913.
Leakey, Louis S. B. The Stone Age Races of Kenya. Oxford: University Press, 1935.
—. The Progress and Evolution of Man in Africa. Oxford: University Press, 1961.
. Report to the VIIth Pan African Congress on Prehistory and the Study of the Quaternary. Addis Ababa, 1971 (on press).
Lecoq, Raymond. Le Bamiléké. Paris: Editions Africaines, 1953. Leclant, Jean. "Un Tableau du Proche-Orient à la fin du XVIII" siècle." Bulletin de la Faculté des Lettres de Strasbourg, Feb. 1961, \#5.
. "Les Etudes méroitiques, état de la question," Bulletin de la Société française d'égyptologie, Dec. 1967, \#50.
. Cf. also the series of bulletins on Meroë: Meroitic newsletter, Documentary Center of the Ecole pratique des Hautes Etudes (5th section), Paris.
Lenormant, François. Histoire ancienne des Phéniciens. Paris: Lévy, 1890.
Lhote, Henri. A la découverte des fresques du Tassili. Grenoble: | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 7050
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_946 | Lenormant, François. Histoire ancienne des Phéniciens. Paris: Lévy, 1890.
Lhote, Henri. A la découverte des fresques du Tassili. Grenoble:
Arthaud, 1958. Translated by Alan Brodrick as The Search for the Tassili Frescoes. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1959.
Livy. The History of Rome, Book 34.
Maes, Joseph. "Pierres levées de Tundi-Daro," Bull. Com. Et. A.O.F., 1924.
Marx, Karl. Le Capital, Vol. III, Book I. Paris: Bureau d'Editions, 1939.
—. Contribution à la critique de l'Economie politique. Paris: Editions Sociales, 1957.
Maspero, Gaston. Histoire ancienne des peuples de l'Orient. Paris: Hachette, 1917, 12th ed. Translated as The Dawn of Civilization. London, 1894.
Masson-Oursel, Paul. La Philosophie en Orient, supplement to Emile Bréhier's Histoire de la philosophie. Paris: F. Alcan, 1938.
Massoulard, Émile. Préhistoire et protohistoire d'Egypte. Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie, 1949. | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 7902
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_947 | Massoulard, Émile. Préhistoire et protohistoire d'Egypte. Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie, 1949.
Mauny, Raymond. "Campagne de fouilles de 1950 à Koumby Saleh." Bull. IFAN, vol. XVIII, series B \#1 \& 2, 1956.
—_. "Tableau géographique de l'Ouest africain au Moyen Age." Memoir IFAN, \#61, 1961.
—_. "Essai sur l'histoire des métaux en Afrique occidentale." Bull. IFAN, vol. XIV, \#1, 1952.
—_. Les Navigations médiévales sur les côtes sahariennes antérieures à la découverte portugaise (1434). Lisbonne: Centre des Etudes historiques ultra-marines, 1960.
Monod, Théodore. Majâbat al-Koubrâ. Memoir IFAN, \#52, 1960.
—_. Méharées, exploration du vrai Sahara. Paris: Ed. "Je sers," 1937.
Montagu, Ashley. An Introduction to Physical Anthropology. Springfield (Illinois): Thomas, 1960, 3rd ed.
Moret, Alexandre. Le Nil et la civilisation égyptienne. Paris, 1926.
—_ \& Georges Davy. Des clans aux empires. Paris: Ed. La Renaissance du Livre, 1923. Translated by V. Gordon Childe as From | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 8712
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_948 | Moret, Alexandre. Le Nil et la civilisation égyptienne. Paris, 1926.
—_ \& Georges Davy. Des clans aux empires. Paris: Ed. La Renaissance du Livre, 1923. Translated by V. Gordon Childe as From
Tribe to Empire. New York: Cooper Square Publishers, Inc., 1970.
naville, Henri Edouard. "L'Origine africaine de la civilisation égyptienne," Revue archéologique, 1913.
Pauw, Cornelius de. Recherches philosophiques sur les Egyptiens et les Chinois. Berlin, 1773.
pédrals, Denis Pierre de. Archéologie de l'Afrique Noire. Paris: Payot, 1950.
petrie, William Matthew Flinders. The Making of Ancient Egypt. London: Sheldon Press, New York: Macmillan, 1939.
pirenne, Jacques. Histoire de la civilisation de l'Egypte ancienne. 3 vols. Paris: Albin Michel, 1963.
—. Les Grands Courants de l'histoire universelle. Vol. I. Des origines à l'Islam. Paris: Albin Michel, 1959.
Pittard, Eugène. Les Races et l'histoire. Paris: Renaissance du Livre, 1924. Translated as Race and History. New York: Knopf, 1926. | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
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} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_949 | Pittard, Eugène. Les Races et l'histoire. Paris: Renaissance du Livre, 1924. Translated as Race and History. New York: Knopf, 1926.
Plutarch's Lives (especially "Isis and Osiris").
Rienzi, Domeny de. Océanie. Paris: Collection l'Univers, 1836.
Riffert, George R. Great Pyramid, Proof of God. Haverhill, Mass.: Destiny Publishers, 1944.
Sa'di, Abderrahman. Tarikh es Soudan, translated into French by O. Houdas \& Edmond Benoist. Paris, 1900.
Schure, Edouard. Les Grands Initiés. Paris, 1908.
Seligman, Charles G. Egypt and Negro Africa; a study in divine kingship. London: Routledge, 1934.
Smith, Grafton Elliot \& Warren R. Dawson. Egyptian Mummies. London: G. Allen \& Unwin, Ltd., 1924.
Snowden, Frank M., Jr. Blacks in Antiquity. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970.
Summers, Roger. Zimbabwe, a Rhodesian Mystery. South Africa: Nelson, 1963.
Suret-Canale, J. Afrique Noire. Paris: Editions Sociales, 1958. | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 10369
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_950 | Summers, Roger. Zimbabwe, a Rhodesian Mystery. South Africa: Nelson, 1963.
Suret-Canale, J. Afrique Noire. Paris: Editions Sociales, 1958.
. "Les Sociétés traditionnelles en Afrique tropicale et le concept de mode de production asiatique." La Pensée, \#117, Oct. 1964.
Tacitus. Germany, translated by Thomas Gordon. Harvard Classics, vol. XXXIII. New York: P. F. Collier \& Son, 1938.
Teilhard de Chardin. "L'Afrique et les origines humaines," Revie des questions scientifiques (Belgium), Jan. 1955.
Tempels, Father Placide. Bantu Philosophy. Paris: Présence Afri. caine, 1959.
Van Gennep, Arnold. L'Etat actuel de la question totémique. Paris: Leroux, 1920.
Vendryes, Joseph. Les Religions des Celtes, des Germains et des anciens Slaves. Paris: Collection "Mana."
Volney, Count Constantin de. Voyages en Syrie et en Egypte. Paris, 1787.
Wartburg, Walter von. Problèmes et méthodes de la linguistique, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1946. | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 11157
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_951 | Volney, Count Constantin de. Voyages en Syrie et en Egypte. Paris, 1787.
Wartburg, Walter von. Problèmes et méthodes de la linguistique, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1946.
Wauthier, Claude. L'Afrique des Africains. Paris: Ed. du Scuil, 1964.
Zervos, Christian. L'Art en Mésopotamie. Paris: Ed. Cahiers d'Art, 1935. | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 11932
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_952 | Abshal, 169
Absolute dating, 299
Abu Simbel, 58-59, 60, 62
Abyssinians, 49, 54, 239, 241, 258, 264
African Independence Party, see P.A.I.
Afrique dans l'Antiquité, L' (Obenga), 276
Afrique Noire précoloniale, L' (Diop), xvi, 253
Agandjou, 148
Aani, 49, 105, 199
Aido-Khouedo, 148
Akhnaton, see Amenophis IV
Amasis, 222
Amélineau, Abbé Emile, 69, 75-78, 82-83, 90, 91, 105, 109, 140-141, 150, 153, 191, 232, 233, 300
Amenardis, $220-221$
Amenhotep II, 83/iv
Amenophis IV, 6, 209, 211
Amma, 137
Amon, 6, 66, 105, 112, 137, 147, 149, 150, 184, 185, 199, 214, 217-218, 219, 220, 232; Amon-Ra, 137; oracle of Amon, 242; Amon, King of Thebes, 150; Amon Aguirre, Amon Arenia, Amon Tiffou, Ani Kings, 199; "divine spouse of Amon," 221 (see Amenardis)
Anau, 264
Androgyny, 112, 137
Ani, 76, 105, 114, 185, 199; Ani papyrus, 200 (see Book of the Dead)
Ano, 72-73, 76-77, 78, 83, 89, 91, 105, 109, 199
Apophis, 209
Apries, 222 | {
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"start_index": 0
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_953 | Anau, 264
Androgyny, 112, 137
Ani, 76, 105, 114, 185, 199; Ani papyrus, 200 (see Book of the Dead)
Ano, 72-73, 76-77, 78, 83, 89, 91, 105, 109, 199
Apophis, 209
Apries, 222
Arabia, 26, 72, 105, 109, 123-125, 127, 152, 168, 265, 268; Arabs, 5, 10, 47, 52, 70, 72-73, 76-77, 116, 127, 199, 200, 233, 244245, 249
Arambourg, Camille, 266, 300
Armengaud, André, 217
Askia, 144, 178, 254; Askia Muhammad, 302
Asselar man, 266/n, 297
Assyria, 103, 120, 302; Assyrians, 47, 108, 152, 168, 220-221, 238-239
Aurignacians, 66-67, 262, 267-268, 271, 297
Aymard, André, ix
Bachelard, Gaston, ix
Bachofen, Johann Jakob, 111, 300
Ba-Fur, 183
Bakuba, 179
Bakur, Lionel, 264
Ba-Luba, 183
Bambara, 48, 49, 167
Bamum, 200
Bantu, Front., 139, 198, 303
Ba-Pende, 183
Bassa, 160
Basset, André, 69
Battuta, Ibn, 145, 154, 161-162, 300
Batutsi, 49, 179
Baulé, 48
Baumann, Hermann, 142, 189, 198, 300; \& Westermann, D., 160, 274
Bela, 264
Benfey, Theodor, 115-116
Bethers, 52, 54-55, 64-65, 68-70, 134, 145 | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": null,
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"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 743
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_954 | Batutsi, 49, 179
Baulé, 48
Baumann, Hermann, 142, 189, 198, 300; \& Westermann, D., 160, 274
Bela, 264
Benfey, Theodor, 115-116
Bethers, 52, 54-55, 64-65, 68-70, 134, 145
Bihan-el-Moluk, 46-48, 55-56, 58-59
Biri, 148
Bisharin, 63
Bocchoris, 146, 219
Book of the Dead, The, 76, 77, 89, 91, 101, 199, 200
Bory de Saint Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, 183184, 300
Boskop man, 273
Boule, Marcellin, 260-261, 263, 270, 273, 300
Breasted, James Henry, 101, 132-133, 250, 300
Breuil, Abbé Henri, 67-68, 266, 300
Brion, Marcel, 106, 300
Broom, Dr. Robert, 67
Brugsch, Karl Heinrich, 90, 247
Brunin man, 261
Budge, Wallis (Sir Ernest Alfred Wallis), 146, 199, 300
Bullock, Michael, 260-261
Burum, 182
Bushman, 164, 258, 266-267, 273
Cadmus, 110-111
Cailliaud, Frédéric, 54, 150, 244, 300
Cambyses, 106, 115, 142, 222
Candace, 96, 143
Capari, Jean, 83, 86, 125, 204, 301
Cappart, Denise, 19
Capsian, 66, 70, 264-266, 268
Carthage, 65, 70, 118-119, 122, 168, 195, 212
Cecrops, 110
Césaire, Aimé, 26, 257/n | {
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"start_index": 1555
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_955 | Candace, 96, 143
Capari, Jean, 83, 86, 125, 204, 301
Cappart, Denise, 19
Capsian, 66, 70, 264-266, 268
Carthage, 65, 70, 118-119, 122, 168, 195, 212
Cecrops, 110
Césaire, Aimé, 26, 257/n
Champollion, Jean-François (the Younger), $45,46-50,55-57,137,167,189,255-256$, 301
Champollion-Figeac, Jacques-Joseph, 45-46, $48,50-58,137,301$
Chancelade man, 249, 262
Cheops, 15, 74, 233; daughter of, 240
Chephren, Front., 74, 240
Chéronnet-Champollion, 48
Chérubini, Salvatore, 56-59, 62, 146, 301
Childe, V. Gordon, 86/n, 298, 301, 310-311
Choa, 198
Christian, Viktor, 105-106
Circumcision, 79, 112, 126, 135-138
Cissia, 107
Colchis, Colchians, 1-2, 27, 51, 135-136, 209, 243, 245
Combe-Capelle man, 297
Conscription, 215-216
Contenau, Dr. Georges, 102-106, 123, 301
Coon, Carleton S., 238-241, 249, 256, 298
Cornevin, Robert, 265-266, 268, 273-274, 301
Cosmogony, 139-141
Cremation, 113, 116, 194-195
Crete, 86, 106, 209, 229, 251 | {
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"start_index": 2357
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_956 | Coon, Carleton S., 238-241, 249, 256, 298
Cornevin, Robert, 265-266, 268, 273-274, 301
Cosmogony, 139-141
Cremation, 113, 116, 194-195
Crete, 86, 106, 209, 229, 251
Cro-Magnon man, 70, 130-131, 241, 249, 261, 264-266, 268-269, 273, 297-298
Dada, 148
Dagomba, 139
Danakil, 264
Danaus, 110
"Dark red" color, 43-44, 46, 55, 58, 59; see also Reddish-brown color
Dart, Dr. Raymond, 67
Daura, 139
D'Avezac-Macaya, Armand, 180
Davidson, Basil, 300
Davy, Georges, see Moret, Alexandre
Delattre, Father, 122
Delafosse, Maurice, 147-148, 151, 162, 168169, 179, 189, 301, 309
Den, 75
De Pauw, Cornelius, 5, 24
Des clans aux empires, see From Tribe to Empire
Desplagnes, Louis, 157-158, 301
Desroches-Noblecourt, Christiane, 4
Diagne, Pathé, 276
Dieulafoy, Marcel-Auguste, 103-104, 233, 301
Dinka, 198, 268, 273
Diodorus Siculus (Diodorus of Sicily), 1-2, $57,71-72,101,106,150,168,200,214$, 244, 301
Diop, Cheikh Anta, challenged, 236-259; educational background, $x$
Diet, Serpent King, 75 | {
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"Header 2": null,
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"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 3117
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_957 | Diodorus Siculus (Diodorus of Sicily), 1-2, $57,71-72,101,106,150,168,200,214$, 244, 301
Diop, Cheikh Anta, challenged, 236-259; educational background, $x$
Diet, Serpent King, 75
Djoloff-Djoloff, 170
Dodona, 1, 110, 242
Dogon, 79, 136-137, 140-141, 179, 234, 301
Dolichocephalism, 104, 261
DuBois, W. E. B., $x$
Dugba, 161
Dynasties, Egyptian, First, 106, 199, 204; Second, 204; Third, 14, 87, 199, 204-205, 208; Fourth, Front, 15-16, 75, 204-205; Fifth, 36, 75, 205; Sixth, 169, 191, 205206, 211, 218, 223, 240; Ninth, 208; Tenth, 208; Eleventh, 17, 53-54, 208; Twelfth, 18, $33-34,71,75,167,169,209,232$; Sixteenth, 189, 199; Seventeenth, 150; Eighteenth, 20, 41, 46, 48-49, 59, 62, 68, 74-$75,83,93,191,209-211,253$; Nineteenth, $x i v-x v, 64,95,211-212,239$; Twentieth, 208, 214, 217; Twenty-second, 218; Twentythird, 218; Twenty-fifth, 146, 218, 220-221, 238; Twenty-sixth, 216, 222, 248 | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": null,
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"start_index": 3921
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_958 | Edrissi, 164
Egypt, see Dynasties; Low Epoch; Middle Kingdom; Old Kingdom
Egypt and Negro Africa (Seligman), 8
Egypte de Mourtadi, fils du Gaphiphe, L', $149 j n$
Egyptology, advent and development of, 51 , $70,74,148,210,250$
Eliade, Mircea, 194
Engels, Friedrich, 225
Ethiopia, 56, 71-72, 92, 107, 140, 145-146, 156, 200, 245, 247-248; Ethiopians, 1-2, $49-50,56-57,64,66,104,118,135-136$, $150,169,241,243-244$
Etruscans, 113-115, 118, 212, 251; called Tyrrhenes, 118
Eumea, 120
Ewe, 149
Falli, 198
Fang, 48-49, 179, 200
Farha Hosein, 154, 162
"Father of History," see Herodotus
FEANF (Federation of African Students in France), xiii
Fire worship, see Mithras
Fon, 149
Fontanes, Marius, 54, 63-64, 68
Fontéchevade man, 262
Fossil Men, 260-261, 270
"Founder of Egyptology," see Champollion the Younger
Frazer, Sir James George, 135, 301
Frobenius, Leo, 158, 160-161, 224, 301
From Tribe to Empire (Alexander Moret \& Georges Davy), 310-311
Fulbe, 63
Foron, Raymond, 65-67, 264-266, 301 | {
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"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
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} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_959 | Frazer, Sir James George, 135, 301
Frobenius, Leo, 158, 160-161, 224, 301
From Tribe to Empire (Alexander Moret \& Georges Davy), 310-311
Fulbe, 63
Foron, Raymond, 65-67, 264-266, 301
Ga-Gan-Gang, 182
Galla, 264
Gamble's Cave II, 268, 271
Gao, Empire, 148, 161; Mosque, 178
Garrod, Dorothy Annie Elizabeth, 265
Genseric, 69
Ghyka, Matila C., 233-234
Gibb, H. A. R., 305
Gilgamesh Epic, 105
Giuffrida-Ruggeri, 264
Giza Pyramids, Front., 16, 205-206, 227, 233-235, 240
Gobineau, Joseph de, 25, 49, 59, 301; Black, Negro Gobinism, 258; "Blond beast" 69, 49, 59
Goula-Goulé-Goulaye, 182
Great Pyramid, see Cheops; Giza; Pyramids
Greeks, 4-5, 10, 25, 27-28, 57, 71, 79, 84, $89,110-111,113,117,142-143,199,205-$ 208, 210-211, 213, 218, 222-225, 230-234, 238-239, 248, 251-253, 273
Griaule, Marcel, 79, 136-137, 140-141, 187, 234, 301
Grimaldi Negroids, 67, 118, 249, 263-264, 266-267, 269, 297-298; Les Grotles de Grimaldi (Verneau), 263
Guin, 149 | {
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"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
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"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 804
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_960 | Griaule, Marcel, 79, 136-137, 140-141, 187, 234, 301
Grimaldi Negroids, 67, 118, 249, 263-264, 266-267, 269, 297-298; Les Grotles de Grimaldi (Verneau), 263
Guin, 149
Haddon, Alfred Cort, 249, 264, 301, 303; Haddon, the Head-Hunter (A. H. Quiggin), 301
Hadendoa, 264
Hagar, 127, 136
Hamy, Ernest-Théodore, 104, 247, 301-302
Hannibal, 118
Hanotaux, Gabriel, 247, 249
Haratins, 66
Harmachis, 92
Harris Papyrus, 216
Hartmann, Charles de, 302
Hathor, 16, 185
Hatshepsut, Queen, 146, 209, 253
Hansa, 139
Heliopolis, 72-73, 76, 88, 91, 109, 205, 216
Herodotus, 1-5, 10, 22, 49, 51, 53-54, 57, $66,68,71,91,97,101,103,109,118,135-$ 136, 149-150, 157, 165, 168-169, 180-181, 212, 233, 234/n, 239, 241-245, 247-249, 302
Hieroglyphics, 45, 72, 114, 160
Hoefer, Ferdinand, 108, 302
Homburger, Lilias, 153
Hommel, Fritz, 247
Homo habilis, 298
Homo sapiens, 260, 262, 265-266; "Homo sapiens-sapiens," $x v$
Horemheb, 38, 212
Horus, 6, 46, 48, 55, 76, 79, 87-89, 92, 108, 185-186, 190, 194 | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
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"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 1582
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_961 | Hommel, Fritz, 247
Homo habilis, 298
Homo sapiens, 260, 262, 265-266; "Homo sapiens-sapiens," $x v$
Horemheb, 38, 212
Horus, 6, 46, 48, 55, 76, 79, 87-89, 92, 108, 185-186, 190, 194
Hottentots, 66-67, 164, 184, 267; Hottentot Venus, 267, 270
Houssay, Frédéric-Arsène, 104-105, 302
Hubac, Pierre, 114
Hyksos, 62, 152, 209, 238-239
Jakouta, see Shango
Järob, 125
Ibero-Maurasian man, 264
Ibn Battuta, see Battuta, Ibn
Ibn Khaldun, see Khaldun, Ibn
IFAN (Institut Fondamental de l'Afrique Noire), $x, 236-237,302$
Igara, 139
Inachus, King, 120
Io, 120, 166-167
Ishmael, 127, 136
Ishtar, 105
Isis, 75-76, 87-89, 91, 108, 113-114, 147, 185, 194; "Isis and Osiris" (Plutarch), 98, 232
Israel, 94, 213; Israelites, 7
Jeffreys, Dr. Mervyn D. W., 160, 200, 302
Jews, in Egypt, 5-7; Jews of today, 107, $116,120-121$
Joliot-Curie, Frédéric, ix
Juvenal, 253
Ko, 75
Kallirs, 51-52, 184
Kankan Musa, 161-162
Kara-Karé, 182-184
Karnak, 95, 101, 220, 234-235
Kati, Mahmud, 144, 302
Katsena, 139 | {
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"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
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} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_962 | Joliot-Curie, Frédéric, ix
Juvenal, 253
Ko, 75
Kallirs, 51-52, 184
Kankan Musa, 161-162
Kara-Karé, 182-184
Karnak, 95, 101, 220, 234-235
Kati, Mahmud, 144, 302
Katsena, 139
Keith, Sir Arthur, 130
Kenya man, 265
Khaldun, Ibn, 70, 302
Khepera, 185
Khevioso, see Shango
Khnum, 185
Khons, see Kush
Khopri, 185
Kingship, 138-139
Kipsigi-Kapsigi, 183
Kissi, 183
Kotoka, 198
Kush (Khons), 147
Labyrinth, 3-4
Lajoux, J. D., 272
Laobé, 183, 187-189
Larrey, Dr. Dominique-Jean, 54, 302
Luscaux Cave, 254, 298
Lat Dior, 192
Lat-Soukabé, 138
Lawrence, Prof. Harold G., xvif
Leakey, Dr. Louis S. B., xv, 260, 266, 268, 271, 273-274, 298-299, 302; \& Goodall, Unveiling Man's Origins, 297-298
Leakey, Mrs. M. D., 299
Lebeuf, 187
I eclant, Prof. Jean, 259
Iegoux, Pierre, 262-263
Iegrand, 241-242
Ienormant, François, 96, 103-104, 109, 118, $123-125,127,233,302$
Iepsius, Karl Richard, 63, 96, 302, 303
Leroi-Gourban, André, Is
léys-Bruhl, Lucien, 23-24, 91, 302
I hote, A., 256
I hote, Henri, 253-254, 265 | {
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} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_963 | Iepsius, Karl Richard, 63, 96, 302, 303
Leroi-Gourban, André, Is
léys-Bruhl, Lucien, 23-24, 91, 302
I hote, A., 256
I hote, Henri, 253-254, 265
Libya, 66, 95, 110, 133, 140, 242, 247-248, 298; Libyans, 1, 3-5, 56-57, 64-65, 68-70, $72-73,93-94,97,118,152,214-216,218-$ $219,221,240,264$
Linnaeus, Carl, 266, 302
Lloyd, Seton, 101, 302
Lokman, 126
Loto, 198
Lotschenthal (Switzerland), 164, 174
louverture, Toussaint, see Toussaint Louverture
lovat Dickson, 106
low Epoch (Egypt), 5, 191
locas, J. Olumide, 184-186
Lun, 233
Inoiluo, 198
ly, Boubacar, 276
Ma Ba Diakhou, 192
MacIver, Randall, 130
Macrobians, 56-57
Macrodontism, 267
Maes, Dr. Joseph, 193-197, 302
Mäle, Emile, 233
Mandingo, 147, 161-162
Mandu, 189
Manetho of Sebennytos, 22, 62, 72fn, 101, 302
Mangbetu, 48
Marx, Karl, 225
Masai, 268, 273
Masathi, Prince of Assiout, 33
Mashauasha, 97
Maspero, Gaston (Sir Gaston-Camille-
Charles), 2, 65, 70-76, 88, 114, 167, 190, 302, 303
Masson-Oursel, Paul, 139-140 | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 4033
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_964 | Marx, Karl, 225
Masai, 268, 273
Masathi, Prince of Assiout, 33
Mashauasha, 97
Maspero, Gaston (Sir Gaston-Camille-
Charles), 2, 65, 70-76, 88, 114, 167, 190, 302, 303
Masson-Oursel, Paul, 139-140
Massoufard, Dr. Emile, 129-131, 165
Matriarchy, 112, 142-145
Mauny, Raymond, 236-259, 302
Mazoi, 97
Mhum, 139
Mechta man, 265
Mekhitarian, Arpag, 256
Melanin, xvfn, 237-238; Melanochroes, 241242, 244
Memnon, 107, 235
Memphis, 5, 72, 88, 91, 93-95, 205, 207-208, $214,216,219-221,223$
Menes (Narmer), 13, 53, 75, 86, 88-89, 91, $93,103,106,117,150,204$; see also Dynasties, First; Narmer's Tablet
Mentuemhat, 220-221
Mentuhotep I, 17
Merimde, 298
Merirey, 94
Merlo, 115-116
Merneptah, 94-95, 208, 212-213, 239
Meroë (Meroitic Sudan), 6, 20-21, 33, 56, $71,96,137,139,142,145-151,156,163$, $167-170,180,187,276,300$
Meyer, Karl E., 300
Middle Kingdom (Middle Empire), 35, 7475, 158, 208-218
Min, 147
Mineptah-Sitah, 214
Mithras, 113
Monod, Théodore, 144, 266fn, 297, 302
Monotheism, 6-7, 112 | {
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"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 4805
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_965 | Meyer, Karl E., 300
Middle Kingdom (Middle Empire), 35, 7475, 158, 208-218
Min, 147
Mineptah-Sitah, 214
Mithras, 113
Monod, Théodore, 144, 266fn, 297, 302
Monotheism, 6-7, 112
Montet, Pierre, 4
Mours, 52, 200-201
Moret, Alexandre, 85, 87-91, 94-97, 100, 134, 189-190, 239, 303; \& Davy, Georges, $310-311$
Moreux, Abbé Théophile, 234
Morgan, Jean Jacques Marie de, 247
Morié, 148-149
Morton, Samuel George, 247
Mossi, 48-49, 148-149, 167
Mout, Queen of Sudan, 220
Mummies, 52, 54, 131-132, 165, 233, 237; Mummification, 197
Mycerinus, 16
Nabu-Shezib Anni, see Psammetichus
Nabavi, 46, 63, 167-168, 256
Naivasha man, 268
Namou, 46-47, 256
Napoleon, 10, 45, 72, 122, 246, 302; Napoleonic Code, 113; Napoleon III, 148
Naqada, 241, 297
Narmer's Tablet, 53, 78-81, 95, 204-205, 303; see also Menes (Narmer)
Natufian, 265-266, 298
Naville, Edouard, 92, 303
Nazis (Nazism), 25, 49, 117, 235, 301
Neanderthal Man, 266, 299
Nebuchadnezzar, 121
Necho, 220-221
Nêgres de l'Afrique, Les, see Negroes of Africa | {
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"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
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} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_966 | Natufian, 265-266, 298
Naville, Edouard, 92, 303
Nazis (Nazism), 25, 49, 117, 235, 301
Neanderthal Man, 266, 299
Nebuchadnezzar, 121
Necho, 220-221
Nêgres de l'Afrique, Les, see Negroes of Africa
Negritude, xiii, 257
Negro, xiv, 10-42, 51, 70, 136, 242, 274;
"Negro blacksmiths," see Shemsu-Hor; Negro Gobinism, see Gobineau
Negroes, Egyptians as, xiv, 1, 63, passim
Negroes of Africa, The (Maurice Delafosse), 301, 307
Nelle Puccioni, 8
Nephthys, 88
Nimrod (Nemrod), 2, 102; Nimrod of Hermopolis, 219
Njoya, 160, 255
Nsibidi, 160
N'Sougan, Sosson, 276
Nuer, 192, 198, 268, 273
"Nutcracker man," see Zinjanthropus
Oba, 149
Obbato-Kouso (Obba-Kouso), see Shango
Obenga, Théophile, ix, 276
Ogoun, 148
Old Kingdom (Old Empire), 74-75, 87, 95, 204-208, 222
Oldusai man, 268; Olduvai Gorge, 298-299
Orisha, 186
Orougan, $148-149$ | {
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"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
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"images_base64": [],
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} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_967 | Obenga, Théophile, ix, 276
Ogoun, 148
Old Kingdom (Old Empire), 74-75, 87, 95, 204-208, 222
Oldusai man, 268; Olduvai Gorge, 298-299
Orisha, 186
Orougan, $148-149$
Osiris, xiv-xv, 1, 6, 11, 75-77, 87-91, 95, $105,108,113,141,147,159,185,190-191$, 194, 199, 230, 256; Tomb of, 300; Tribunal of, $95,159,230$; "Osirian death," 95, 207; see also "Isis and Osiris"
Osorta-Sen III, 146, 189, 198-199
Osoun, 148
Osorkon, 219; Osorkon IV, 219
Osu, 185
Oupouatou, 93
Oya, 148
P.A.I. (African Independence Party), xiii/n Palestine, 2, 5, 66, 72, 92, 94, 136, 209, 213-215, 265, 298
Palesi, King of Lagash, 42
Pédrals, Denis-Pierre de, 147-150, 157-158, 169-170, 182, 186-187, 200, 303
Pepi f, 169, 240
Perib-Sen, 198-199
Perrier, Edmond, 247
Persians, 5, 10, 47, 105-106, 142-143, 152, 199, 222, 238-239, 253, 265
Petrie, Flinders (Sir William Matthew), 12, 131, 204, 247-248, 303
Peul, 79, 183, 187-191, 199, 202-203
Peuples et les civilisations de l'Afrique, Les (Baumann \& Westermann), 274 | {
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"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
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} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_968 | Petrie, Flinders (Sir William Matthew), 12, 131, 204, 247-248, 303
Peul, 79, 183, 187-191, 199, 202-203
Peuples et les civilisations de l'Afrique, Les (Baumann \& Westermann), 274
Philo, of Byblos, 108
Phoenicia, 2, 65, 70, 72, 107-123, 127, 136, 152, 168, 215, 265, 302; Phoenicians, 166167, 194, 242
Piankhi, 219
Pierret, 198-199
Pirenne, Jacques, 203, 205-206, 208, 210, 212-214, 216-221, 303
Pithecanthropus (erectus), 179, 298
Pittard, Eugène, 121
Platyrrhinia, 73, 133, 261, 267
Pliny the Elder, 73
Plutarch, 88, 232
Pott, August Friedrich, 115-116
Pouvoir politique en Afrique, Le (Diagne), 276
Predmost man, 261
Prognathism, 54, 165, 261, 263-264, 273
Psammetichus, 5, 74, 149, 208, 216, 220-222, 248
Pygmies, 156, 179-182, 258
Pyramids, Front., 8, 51, 101-102, 157-158, 197, 204-205, 227-228, 233-235, 240, 254, 303
Pythagoras, 231-232
Quatrefages de Bréau, Armand, 104, 303
Queen of Daura, 142
Quibbell, James Edward, 78, 204, 303
Quiggin, A. H., 301 | {
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_969 | Pythagoras, 231-232
Quatrefages de Bréau, Armand, 104, 303
Queen of Daura, 142
Quibbell, James Edward, 78, 204, 303
Quiggin, A. H., 301
Ra, 6, 71, 87, 91, 94-95, 108, 137, 150, 185, 198-199; see also Amon
Rametou, 167
Ramses, 6, 182; Ramses I, 212; Ramses II, 19, 47, 108, 203, 208, 211-212, 216, 218,
239 (deification of, 211); Ramses III, 108, 118, 214-218; Ramses XI, 217-218
Rawlinson, George, 309
RDA (Rassemblement Démocratique Afri. calm), xii-xiii
Rebou, 93; see also Libyans
Reddish-brown color, 36, 57-59, 166-167; see also "Dark-red" color
Reinhard, Marcel, 217
Reisner, George Andrew, 151, 303
Rekhmara, 83
Revillout, Eugène, 90
Rienzi, Domeny de, 43, 46
Rôgi-sen), 198
Romans, 10, 27, 57, 62, 69-70, 72, 113, 115, 142-143, 195, 199, 210-211, 213, 224-225, 253
Rôt-en-ne-Rôme, 46, 57
Rougé, Emmanuel de, $72 / n, 247$
Rpa, 186-187
Saba (Sheba), 72, 115, 126-128; Sabacans, 125; see also Sheba, Queen of
S'adi, Abderrahman, 311
Saïs, self-government at, 205-206, 219-221 | {
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} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_970 | Rougé, Emmanuel de, $72 / n, 247$
Rpa, 186-187
Saba (Sheba), 72, 115, 126-128; Sabacans, 125; see also Sheba, Queen of
S'adi, Abderrahman, 311
Saïs, self-government at, 205-206, 219-221
Sanchoniation, 108
Sao, 187-189
Saqqara, 14, 101-102, 228, 303
Sar, 199
Sara (Sarakolé), 145, 182, 198
Sar-Teta, 199
Sataspes, 181
"Scheto's plague," 62
Schoat, 189, 198
Schoré, Edmond, 303
Seb, 185
Seligman, Charles Gabriel, 8, 138
Sen, 198-199
Senghor, Léopold Sédar, $25 f n, 257 f n$
Sennacherib, 220
Sennar, 2, 145-146, 156, 180
Séré, 198
Serer, 79, 117, 183, 191-199, 254, 302
Sergi, Giuseppe, 123, 131, 241, 264, 303
Sesostris I, 1, 18, 43, 46, 58, 62, 74, 169, 241; Sesostris II, 169; Sesostris III, 169
Set, $76,88-89$
Seti I, xiv-xv, 108, 110, 212; Seti II, 214
Setnekht, 214
Shabaka, 146, 219-220
Shabataka, 220-221
Shamba, 139
Shango, King, 148-149
Sheba, Queen of, 121, 124; see also Saba Shemsu-Hor, 88
Shilluk, 139, 268, 273
Shu, 185
Siegfried, André, 234, 303
Sinanthropus, 179, 298 | {
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} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_971 | Shabataka, 220-221
Shamba, 139
Shango, King, 148-149
Sheba, Queen of, 121, 124; see also Saba Shemsu-Hor, 88
Shilluk, 139, 268, 273
Shu, 185
Siegfried, André, 234, 303
Sinanthropus, 179, 298
Slaves, Slavery, 24, 210-218, 222-225
Smith, Sir Grafton Elliott, 131, 241, 249, 264, 303
Snowden, F. M., 242
Sokaris, 185
Somali, 258, 264
"Some Words with a Mummy" (Edgar Allan Poe), 233
Songhay, 139, 144/n, 161/n, 162
Speiser, Ephraim Avigdor, 194
Sphinx, Front., 27, 43, 51, 53, 227, 240; Sphinxes of Karnak, 101
Sreatopygia, 131, 144, 267, 270
"Stela of Israel," 213
Stela of Philae, 62, 167-170
Sirabo, 2, 106-107, 137-138, 143, 244-245
Suleyman Mansa, 161-162
Sundiata Keita, 147
Sut, 185
Swanscombe man, 262, 298-299
Traut, 109; see also Thoth
Taharqa, 21, 198, 220-221; Column of (Karnak), 220
Tamhou, 47, 64, 256
Tanis, 4
Tanit, 122
Tamatamon, 221
Tarikh el Fettach, 144, 302
Tarikh es Sudan, 157, 311
Tassili N'ajier, 254, 272
Tausert, Queen, 214
Teaspes, 181
Teda, 142, 258 | {
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} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_972 | Tamhou, 47, 64, 256
Tanis, 4
Tanit, 122
Tamatamon, 221
Tarikh el Fettach, 144, 302
Tarikh es Sudan, 157, 311
Tassili N'ajier, 254, 272
Tausert, Queen, 214
Teaspes, 181
Teda, 142, 258
Tedju, Miss Aderemi, xii
Tefnakhi, 219
Teheno, 97
Tell el Amarna, 6, 158
Tempels, Father Placide, 139, 303
Tera Neter, 12, 204
Texts of the Pyramids, 77, 90-91, 101
Thebes, xiv-xv, 54, 76, 89, 93, 95, 97, 101, $110,209,216-218,220-221,242$
Thomson, Joseph, 130
Thoth, 77, 99, 109, 185
"Tibnagh," 70
Tithonus, 106-107
To, 185
To Notir, 99
Totemism, 78, 112, 134-135
Toucouleur (Tukulor), 48-49, 167, 183, 187189, 191-192
Touré, Mohammed, 144fa
Toussaint Louverture, 226
Trilles, Father, 200
Trinity, 109, 126, 194
Troy, 113, 118, 212, 214
Tiaareg, 55, 134, 142, 145, 258
Tundi-Daró, 193-197; see also Maes, Dr. Joseph
Tothmosis III, 20, 83fn, 108, 124, 209, 213
Tyre, 118, 218
Una, 169
UNESCO, xiii, 276, 304
Uni, Chancellor, 240
Unité culturelle de l'Afrique Noire, L' (Diop), xvi | {
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"images_base64": [],
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} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_973 | Tothmosis III, 20, 83fn, 108, 124, 209, 213
Tyre, 118, 218
Una, 169
UNESCO, xiii, 276, 304
Uni, Chancellor, 240
Unité culturelle de l'Afrique Noire, L' (Diop), xvi
Valtois, Dr. Henri-Victor, 123, 249, 260-261, $263-264,268-273,303$
Vandals, 69-70, 106, 115
Van Gennep, Arnold, 134-135
Vendryes, Joseph, 303
Verneau, René, 263
Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène, 233
Voir de l'Afrique Noire, xii
Volney, Constantin de, 27-28, 43, 49-51, 53, $73,247,303-304$
Wallerstein, Immanuel, $x$
Wartburg, Walter von, 115-116
Watusi, 19
Welcker, Friedrich Gottliel, 126
Westermann, D., see Baumann \&
Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, 247
Winick, Charles (Dictionary of Anthropology), 265fn, 297
Wolof, 48, 55, 135, 167, 184, 187, 190-191, 258
Woolley, Sir Leonard, 103, 304
Yakouta, 149
Yatenga, see Mossi
Yemadja, 148-149
Yoruba, 48-49, 139, 149, 179, 183-187
Zimbabwe, 156-157, 172-173, 183
Zinjanthropus, 298-299
Zinn, 4fn; see also Tanis
Zoser, 14, 204, 228
Zulus, 179, 258 | {
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"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 11900
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
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