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<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical Fentanyl and a disease myoclonus in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means there's a direct link between a chemical and a disease. This includes cases where the chemical causes the disease, higher doses of the chemical increase disease risk, the disease raises the chemical's level in the body, there's a direct positive link between the chemical's level and disease risk, or exposure to the chemical during development affects disease susceptibility later on.
'Negative_Correlation' means there's an inverse relation between a chemical substance and a disease. This includes situations where the chemical or drug is used to treat the disease, the presence of the disease lowers the level of the chemical in the body, or the chemical or drug reduces the likelihood of the disease.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive or negative correlation, or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[Fentanyl,ChemicalEntity]' and '[myoclonus,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]'.
- Title of the Paper: Prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus: which is superior: Fentanyl, midazolam, or a combination? A Retrospective comparative study.
- Abstract of the Paper: [BACKGROUND: In this retrospective comparative study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of fentanyl, midazolam, and a combination of fentanyl and midazolam to prevent etomidate-induced myoclonus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was performed based on anesthesia records. Depending on the drugs that would be given before the induction of anesthesia with etomidate, the patients were separated into 4 groups: no pretreatment (Group NP), fentanyl 1 ug.kg-1 (Group F), midazolam 0.03 mg.kg-1 (Group M), and midazolam 0.015 mg.kg-1 + fentanyl 0.5 ug.kg-1 (Group FM). Patients who received the same anesthetic procedure were selected: 2 minutes after intravenous injections of the pretreatment drugs, anesthesia is induced with 0.3 mg.kg-1 etomidate injected intravenously over a period of 20-30 seconds. Myoclonic movements are evaluated, which were observed and graded according to clinical severity during the 2 minutes after etomidate injection. The severity of pain due to etomidate injection, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and adverse effects were also evaluated. RESULTS: Study results showed that myoclonus incidence was 85%, 40%, 70%, and 25% in Group NP, Group F, Group M, and Group FM, respectively, and were significantly lower in Group F and Group FM. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that pretreatment with fentanyl or combination of fentanyl and midazolam was effective in preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus.]
Identify how '[Fentanyl,ChemicalEntity]' and '[myoclonus,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. [/INST]Negative_Correlation</s> | Prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus: which is superior: Fentanyl, midazolam, or a combination? A Retrospective comparative study. | BACKGROUND: In this retrospective comparative study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of fentanyl, midazolam, and a combination of fentanyl and midazolam to prevent etomidate-induced myoclonus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was performed based on anesthesia records. Depending on the drugs that would be given before the induction of anesthesia with etomidate, the patients were separated into 4 groups: no pretreatment (Group NP), fentanyl 1 ug.kg-1 (Group F), midazolam 0.03 mg.kg-1 (Group M), and midazolam 0.015 mg.kg-1 + fentanyl 0.5 ug.kg-1 (Group FM). Patients who received the same anesthetic procedure were selected: 2 minutes after intravenous injections of the pretreatment drugs, anesthesia is induced with 0.3 mg.kg-1 etomidate injected intravenously over a period of 20-30 seconds. Myoclonic movements are evaluated, which were observed and graded according to clinical severity during the 2 minutes after etomidate injection. The severity of pain due to etomidate injection, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and adverse effects were also evaluated. RESULTS: Study results showed that myoclonus incidence was 85%, 40%, 70%, and 25% in Group NP, Group F, Group M, and Group FM, respectively, and were significantly lower in Group F and Group FM. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that pretreatment with fentanyl or combination of fentanyl and midazolam was effective in preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus. | {
"name": "Fentanyl",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "myoclonus",
"type": "DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Association"
] | Negative_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical Fentanyl and a chemical etomidate in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Drug_Interaction', 'Cotreatment', 'Conversion', 'Comparison', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' indicates that Chemical A increases the effectiveness of Chemical B. This includes making Chemical B more sensitive, enhancing its ability to treat or induce a disease, or boosting its role in gene activation.
'Negative_Correlation' means that Chemical A reduces the effectiveness and impact of Chemical B. This includes decreasing Chemical B's sensitivity, reducing its ability to treat or induce a disease, diminishing its side effects, and lowering the gene activation it causes.
'Drug_Interaction' is when two different drugs or chemicals affect each other's action in the body, happening when they are used at the same time.
'Cotreatment' means that two different drugs or chemicals are used in combination therapy.
'Conversion' means that one chemical changes into another chemical.
'Comparison' means that two different drugs or chemicals have some differences and similarities in their effects.
'Association' refers to the relation between two chemicals that do not fit into any specific, predefined categories of relations.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[Fentanyl,ChemicalEntity]' and '[etomidate,ChemicalEntity]'.
- Title of the Paper: Prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus: which is superior: Fentanyl, midazolam, or a combination? A Retrospective comparative study.
- Abstract of the Paper: [BACKGROUND: In this retrospective comparative study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of fentanyl, midazolam, and a combination of fentanyl and midazolam to prevent etomidate-induced myoclonus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was performed based on anesthesia records. Depending on the drugs that would be given before the induction of anesthesia with etomidate, the patients were separated into 4 groups: no pretreatment (Group NP), fentanyl 1 ug.kg-1 (Group F), midazolam 0.03 mg.kg-1 (Group M), and midazolam 0.015 mg.kg-1 + fentanyl 0.5 ug.kg-1 (Group FM). Patients who received the same anesthetic procedure were selected: 2 minutes after intravenous injections of the pretreatment drugs, anesthesia is induced with 0.3 mg.kg-1 etomidate injected intravenously over a period of 20-30 seconds. Myoclonic movements are evaluated, which were observed and graded according to clinical severity during the 2 minutes after etomidate injection. The severity of pain due to etomidate injection, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and adverse effects were also evaluated. RESULTS: Study results showed that myoclonus incidence was 85%, 40%, 70%, and 25% in Group NP, Group F, Group M, and Group FM, respectively, and were significantly lower in Group F and Group FM. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that pretreatment with fentanyl or combination of fentanyl and midazolam was effective in preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus.]
Identify how '[Fentanyl,ChemicalEntity]' and '[etomidate,ChemicalEntity]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Drug_Interaction', 'Cotreatment', 'Conversion', 'Comparison', 'Association']. [/INST]Negative_Correlation</s> | Prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus: which is superior: Fentanyl, midazolam, or a combination? A Retrospective comparative study. | BACKGROUND: In this retrospective comparative study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of fentanyl, midazolam, and a combination of fentanyl and midazolam to prevent etomidate-induced myoclonus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was performed based on anesthesia records. Depending on the drugs that would be given before the induction of anesthesia with etomidate, the patients were separated into 4 groups: no pretreatment (Group NP), fentanyl 1 ug.kg-1 (Group F), midazolam 0.03 mg.kg-1 (Group M), and midazolam 0.015 mg.kg-1 + fentanyl 0.5 ug.kg-1 (Group FM). Patients who received the same anesthetic procedure were selected: 2 minutes after intravenous injections of the pretreatment drugs, anesthesia is induced with 0.3 mg.kg-1 etomidate injected intravenously over a period of 20-30 seconds. Myoclonic movements are evaluated, which were observed and graded according to clinical severity during the 2 minutes after etomidate injection. The severity of pain due to etomidate injection, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and adverse effects were also evaluated. RESULTS: Study results showed that myoclonus incidence was 85%, 40%, 70%, and 25% in Group NP, Group F, Group M, and Group FM, respectively, and were significantly lower in Group F and Group FM. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that pretreatment with fentanyl or combination of fentanyl and midazolam was effective in preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus. | {
"name": "Fentanyl",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "etomidate",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Drug_Interaction",
"Cotreatment",
"Conversion",
"Comparison",
"Association"
] | Negative_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a disease pain and a chemical etomidate in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means there's a direct link between a chemical and a disease. This includes cases where the chemical causes the disease, higher doses of the chemical increase disease risk, the disease raises the chemical's level in the body, there's a direct positive link between the chemical's level and disease risk, or exposure to the chemical during development affects disease susceptibility later on.
'Negative_Correlation' means there's an inverse relation between a chemical substance and a disease. This includes situations where the chemical or drug is used to treat the disease, the presence of the disease lowers the level of the chemical in the body, or the chemical or drug reduces the likelihood of the disease.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive or negative correlation, or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[pain,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' and '[etomidate,ChemicalEntity]'.
- Title of the Paper: Prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus: which is superior: Fentanyl, midazolam, or a combination? A Retrospective comparative study.
- Abstract of the Paper: [BACKGROUND: In this retrospective comparative study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of fentanyl, midazolam, and a combination of fentanyl and midazolam to prevent etomidate-induced myoclonus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was performed based on anesthesia records. Depending on the drugs that would be given before the induction of anesthesia with etomidate, the patients were separated into 4 groups: no pretreatment (Group NP), fentanyl 1 ug.kg-1 (Group F), midazolam 0.03 mg.kg-1 (Group M), and midazolam 0.015 mg.kg-1 + fentanyl 0.5 ug.kg-1 (Group FM). Patients who received the same anesthetic procedure were selected: 2 minutes after intravenous injections of the pretreatment drugs, anesthesia is induced with 0.3 mg.kg-1 etomidate injected intravenously over a period of 20-30 seconds. Myoclonic movements are evaluated, which were observed and graded according to clinical severity during the 2 minutes after etomidate injection. The severity of pain due to etomidate injection, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and adverse effects were also evaluated. RESULTS: Study results showed that myoclonus incidence was 85%, 40%, 70%, and 25% in Group NP, Group F, Group M, and Group FM, respectively, and were significantly lower in Group F and Group FM. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that pretreatment with fentanyl or combination of fentanyl and midazolam was effective in preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus.]
Identify how '[pain,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' and '[etomidate,ChemicalEntity]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. [/INST]Positive_Correlation</s> | Prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus: which is superior: Fentanyl, midazolam, or a combination? A Retrospective comparative study. | BACKGROUND: In this retrospective comparative study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of fentanyl, midazolam, and a combination of fentanyl and midazolam to prevent etomidate-induced myoclonus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was performed based on anesthesia records. Depending on the drugs that would be given before the induction of anesthesia with etomidate, the patients were separated into 4 groups: no pretreatment (Group NP), fentanyl 1 ug.kg-1 (Group F), midazolam 0.03 mg.kg-1 (Group M), and midazolam 0.015 mg.kg-1 + fentanyl 0.5 ug.kg-1 (Group FM). Patients who received the same anesthetic procedure were selected: 2 minutes after intravenous injections of the pretreatment drugs, anesthesia is induced with 0.3 mg.kg-1 etomidate injected intravenously over a period of 20-30 seconds. Myoclonic movements are evaluated, which were observed and graded according to clinical severity during the 2 minutes after etomidate injection. The severity of pain due to etomidate injection, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and adverse effects were also evaluated. RESULTS: Study results showed that myoclonus incidence was 85%, 40%, 70%, and 25% in Group NP, Group F, Group M, and Group FM, respectively, and were significantly lower in Group F and Group FM. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that pretreatment with fentanyl or combination of fentanyl and midazolam was effective in preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus. | {
"name": "pain",
"type": "DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"
} | {
"name": "etomidate",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Association"
] | Positive_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a disease Myoclonic movements and a chemical etomidate in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means there's a direct link between a chemical and a disease. This includes cases where the chemical causes the disease, higher doses of the chemical increase disease risk, the disease raises the chemical's level in the body, there's a direct positive link between the chemical's level and disease risk, or exposure to the chemical during development affects disease susceptibility later on.
'Negative_Correlation' means there's an inverse relation between a chemical substance and a disease. This includes situations where the chemical or drug is used to treat the disease, the presence of the disease lowers the level of the chemical in the body, or the chemical or drug reduces the likelihood of the disease.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive or negative correlation, or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[Myoclonic movements,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' and '[etomidate,ChemicalEntity]'.
- Title of the Paper: Prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus: which is superior: Fentanyl, midazolam, or a combination? A Retrospective comparative study.
- Abstract of the Paper: [BACKGROUND: In this retrospective comparative study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of fentanyl, midazolam, and a combination of fentanyl and midazolam to prevent etomidate-induced myoclonus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was performed based on anesthesia records. Depending on the drugs that would be given before the induction of anesthesia with etomidate, the patients were separated into 4 groups: no pretreatment (Group NP), fentanyl 1 ug.kg-1 (Group F), midazolam 0.03 mg.kg-1 (Group M), and midazolam 0.015 mg.kg-1 + fentanyl 0.5 ug.kg-1 (Group FM). Patients who received the same anesthetic procedure were selected: 2 minutes after intravenous injections of the pretreatment drugs, anesthesia is induced with 0.3 mg.kg-1 etomidate injected intravenously over a period of 20-30 seconds. Myoclonic movements are evaluated, which were observed and graded according to clinical severity during the 2 minutes after etomidate injection. The severity of pain due to etomidate injection, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and adverse effects were also evaluated. RESULTS: Study results showed that myoclonus incidence was 85%, 40%, 70%, and 25% in Group NP, Group F, Group M, and Group FM, respectively, and were significantly lower in Group F and Group FM. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that pretreatment with fentanyl or combination of fentanyl and midazolam was effective in preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus.]
Identify how '[Myoclonic movements,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' and '[etomidate,ChemicalEntity]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. [/INST]Positive_Correlation</s> | Prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus: which is superior: Fentanyl, midazolam, or a combination? A Retrospective comparative study. | BACKGROUND: In this retrospective comparative study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of fentanyl, midazolam, and a combination of fentanyl and midazolam to prevent etomidate-induced myoclonus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was performed based on anesthesia records. Depending on the drugs that would be given before the induction of anesthesia with etomidate, the patients were separated into 4 groups: no pretreatment (Group NP), fentanyl 1 ug.kg-1 (Group F), midazolam 0.03 mg.kg-1 (Group M), and midazolam 0.015 mg.kg-1 + fentanyl 0.5 ug.kg-1 (Group FM). Patients who received the same anesthetic procedure were selected: 2 minutes after intravenous injections of the pretreatment drugs, anesthesia is induced with 0.3 mg.kg-1 etomidate injected intravenously over a period of 20-30 seconds. Myoclonic movements are evaluated, which were observed and graded according to clinical severity during the 2 minutes after etomidate injection. The severity of pain due to etomidate injection, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and adverse effects were also evaluated. RESULTS: Study results showed that myoclonus incidence was 85%, 40%, 70%, and 25% in Group NP, Group F, Group M, and Group FM, respectively, and were significantly lower in Group F and Group FM. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that pretreatment with fentanyl or combination of fentanyl and midazolam was effective in preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus. | {
"name": "Myoclonic movements",
"type": "DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"
} | {
"name": "etomidate",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Association"
] | Positive_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical etomidate and a disease myoclonus in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means there's a direct link between a chemical and a disease. This includes cases where the chemical causes the disease, higher doses of the chemical increase disease risk, the disease raises the chemical's level in the body, there's a direct positive link between the chemical's level and disease risk, or exposure to the chemical during development affects disease susceptibility later on.
'Negative_Correlation' means there's an inverse relation between a chemical substance and a disease. This includes situations where the chemical or drug is used to treat the disease, the presence of the disease lowers the level of the chemical in the body, or the chemical or drug reduces the likelihood of the disease.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive or negative correlation, or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[etomidate,ChemicalEntity]' and '[myoclonus,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]'.
- Title of the Paper: Prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus: which is superior: Fentanyl, midazolam, or a combination? A Retrospective comparative study.
- Abstract of the Paper: [BACKGROUND: In this retrospective comparative study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of fentanyl, midazolam, and a combination of fentanyl and midazolam to prevent etomidate-induced myoclonus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was performed based on anesthesia records. Depending on the drugs that would be given before the induction of anesthesia with etomidate, the patients were separated into 4 groups: no pretreatment (Group NP), fentanyl 1 ug.kg-1 (Group F), midazolam 0.03 mg.kg-1 (Group M), and midazolam 0.015 mg.kg-1 + fentanyl 0.5 ug.kg-1 (Group FM). Patients who received the same anesthetic procedure were selected: 2 minutes after intravenous injections of the pretreatment drugs, anesthesia is induced with 0.3 mg.kg-1 etomidate injected intravenously over a period of 20-30 seconds. Myoclonic movements are evaluated, which were observed and graded according to clinical severity during the 2 minutes after etomidate injection. The severity of pain due to etomidate injection, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and adverse effects were also evaluated. RESULTS: Study results showed that myoclonus incidence was 85%, 40%, 70%, and 25% in Group NP, Group F, Group M, and Group FM, respectively, and were significantly lower in Group F and Group FM. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that pretreatment with fentanyl or combination of fentanyl and midazolam was effective in preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus.]
Identify how '[etomidate,ChemicalEntity]' and '[myoclonus,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. [/INST]Positive_Correlation</s> | Prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus: which is superior: Fentanyl, midazolam, or a combination? A Retrospective comparative study. | BACKGROUND: In this retrospective comparative study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of fentanyl, midazolam, and a combination of fentanyl and midazolam to prevent etomidate-induced myoclonus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was performed based on anesthesia records. Depending on the drugs that would be given before the induction of anesthesia with etomidate, the patients were separated into 4 groups: no pretreatment (Group NP), fentanyl 1 ug.kg-1 (Group F), midazolam 0.03 mg.kg-1 (Group M), and midazolam 0.015 mg.kg-1 + fentanyl 0.5 ug.kg-1 (Group FM). Patients who received the same anesthetic procedure were selected: 2 minutes after intravenous injections of the pretreatment drugs, anesthesia is induced with 0.3 mg.kg-1 etomidate injected intravenously over a period of 20-30 seconds. Myoclonic movements are evaluated, which were observed and graded according to clinical severity during the 2 minutes after etomidate injection. The severity of pain due to etomidate injection, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and adverse effects were also evaluated. RESULTS: Study results showed that myoclonus incidence was 85%, 40%, 70%, and 25% in Group NP, Group F, Group M, and Group FM, respectively, and were significantly lower in Group F and Group FM. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that pretreatment with fentanyl or combination of fentanyl and midazolam was effective in preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus. | {
"name": "etomidate",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "myoclonus",
"type": "DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Association"
] | Positive_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical letrozole and a disease memory impairment in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means there's a direct link between a chemical and a disease. This includes cases where the chemical causes the disease, higher doses of the chemical increase disease risk, the disease raises the chemical's level in the body, there's a direct positive link between the chemical's level and disease risk, or exposure to the chemical during development affects disease susceptibility later on.
'Negative_Correlation' means there's an inverse relation between a chemical substance and a disease. This includes situations where the chemical or drug is used to treat the disease, the presence of the disease lowers the level of the chemical in the body, or the chemical or drug reduces the likelihood of the disease.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive or negative correlation, or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[letrozole,ChemicalEntity]' and '[memory impairment,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]'.
- Title of the Paper: Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats.
- Abstract of the Paper: [AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats.]
Identify how '[letrozole,ChemicalEntity]' and '[memory impairment,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. [/INST]Positive_Correlation</s> | Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats. | AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats. | {
"name": "letrozole",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "memory impairment",
"type": "DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Association"
] | Positive_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a gene or protein aromatase and a chemical letrozole in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means that a chemical leads to higher gene expression, or higher gene expression increases sensitivity to the chemical, or a gene variant exacerbates the chemical's side effects, or a gene causes an over-response to the chemical, or there is a positive interaction between two genes in any manner.
'Negative_Correlation' indicates that a chemical leads to reduced gene expression, or higher gene expression results in decreased sensitivity or resistance to the chemical, or a gene variant offers protection against the chemical's adverse effects, or a gene contributes to resistance against the chemical, or there exists a negative interaction between two genes in any form.
'Bind' means that a chemical either connects to a gene's promoter region or a protein acts as a receptor for that chemical.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive correlation, negative correlation and bind , or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[aromatase,GeneOrGeneProduct]' and '[letrozole,ChemicalEntity]'.
- Title of the Paper: Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats.
- Abstract of the Paper: [AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats.]
Identify how '[aromatase,GeneOrGeneProduct]' and '[letrozole,ChemicalEntity]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. [/INST]Negative_Correlation</s> | Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats. | AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats. | {
"name": "aromatase",
"type": "GeneOrGeneProduct"
} | {
"name": "letrozole",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Bind",
"Association"
] | Negative_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical tamoxifen and a disease memory impairment in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means there's a direct link between a chemical and a disease. This includes cases where the chemical causes the disease, higher doses of the chemical increase disease risk, the disease raises the chemical's level in the body, there's a direct positive link between the chemical's level and disease risk, or exposure to the chemical during development affects disease susceptibility later on.
'Negative_Correlation' means there's an inverse relation between a chemical substance and a disease. This includes situations where the chemical or drug is used to treat the disease, the presence of the disease lowers the level of the chemical in the body, or the chemical or drug reduces the likelihood of the disease.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive or negative correlation, or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[tamoxifen,ChemicalEntity]' and '[memory impairment,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]'.
- Title of the Paper: Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats.
- Abstract of the Paper: [AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats.]
Identify how '[tamoxifen,ChemicalEntity]' and '[memory impairment,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. [/INST]Positive_Correlation</s> | Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats. | AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats. | {
"name": "tamoxifen",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "memory impairment",
"type": "DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Association"
] | Positive_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a gene or protein estrogen receptor and a chemical tamoxifen in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means that a chemical leads to higher gene expression, or higher gene expression increases sensitivity to the chemical, or a gene variant exacerbates the chemical's side effects, or a gene causes an over-response to the chemical, or there is a positive interaction between two genes in any manner.
'Negative_Correlation' indicates that a chemical leads to reduced gene expression, or higher gene expression results in decreased sensitivity or resistance to the chemical, or a gene variant offers protection against the chemical's adverse effects, or a gene contributes to resistance against the chemical, or there exists a negative interaction between two genes in any form.
'Bind' means that a chemical either connects to a gene's promoter region or a protein acts as a receptor for that chemical.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive correlation, negative correlation and bind , or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[estrogen receptor,GeneOrGeneProduct]' and '[tamoxifen,ChemicalEntity]'.
- Title of the Paper: Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats.
- Abstract of the Paper: [AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats.]
Identify how '[estrogen receptor,GeneOrGeneProduct]' and '[tamoxifen,ChemicalEntity]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. [/INST]Negative_Correlation</s> | Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats. | AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats. | {
"name": "estrogen receptor",
"type": "GeneOrGeneProduct"
} | {
"name": "tamoxifen",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Bind",
"Association"
] | Negative_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical flutamide and a disease memory impairment in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means there's a direct link between a chemical and a disease. This includes cases where the chemical causes the disease, higher doses of the chemical increase disease risk, the disease raises the chemical's level in the body, there's a direct positive link between the chemical's level and disease risk, or exposure to the chemical during development affects disease susceptibility later on.
'Negative_Correlation' means there's an inverse relation between a chemical substance and a disease. This includes situations where the chemical or drug is used to treat the disease, the presence of the disease lowers the level of the chemical in the body, or the chemical or drug reduces the likelihood of the disease.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive or negative correlation, or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[flutamide,ChemicalEntity]' and '[memory impairment,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]'.
- Title of the Paper: Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats.
- Abstract of the Paper: [AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats.]
Identify how '[flutamide,ChemicalEntity]' and '[memory impairment,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. [/INST]Positive_Correlation</s> | Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats. | AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats. | {
"name": "flutamide",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "memory impairment",
"type": "DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Association"
] | Positive_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a gene or protein androgen receptor and a chemical flutamide in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means that a chemical leads to higher gene expression, or higher gene expression increases sensitivity to the chemical, or a gene variant exacerbates the chemical's side effects, or a gene causes an over-response to the chemical, or there is a positive interaction between two genes in any manner.
'Negative_Correlation' indicates that a chemical leads to reduced gene expression, or higher gene expression results in decreased sensitivity or resistance to the chemical, or a gene variant offers protection against the chemical's adverse effects, or a gene contributes to resistance against the chemical, or there exists a negative interaction between two genes in any form.
'Bind' means that a chemical either connects to a gene's promoter region or a protein acts as a receptor for that chemical.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive correlation, negative correlation and bind , or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[androgen receptor,GeneOrGeneProduct]' and '[flutamide,ChemicalEntity]'.
- Title of the Paper: Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats.
- Abstract of the Paper: [AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats.]
Identify how '[androgen receptor,GeneOrGeneProduct]' and '[flutamide,ChemicalEntity]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. [/INST]Negative_Correlation</s> | Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats. | AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats. | {
"name": "androgen receptor",
"type": "GeneOrGeneProduct"
} | {
"name": "flutamide",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Bind",
"Association"
] | Negative_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical STZ and a gene or protein STL2 in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means that a chemical leads to higher gene expression, or higher gene expression increases sensitivity to the chemical, or a gene variant exacerbates the chemical's side effects, or a gene causes an over-response to the chemical, or there is a positive interaction between two genes in any manner.
'Negative_Correlation' indicates that a chemical leads to reduced gene expression, or higher gene expression results in decreased sensitivity or resistance to the chemical, or a gene variant offers protection against the chemical's adverse effects, or a gene contributes to resistance against the chemical, or there exists a negative interaction between two genes in any form.
'Bind' means that a chemical either connects to a gene's promoter region or a protein acts as a receptor for that chemical.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive correlation, negative correlation and bind , or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[STZ,ChemicalEntity]' and '[STL2,GeneOrGeneProduct]'.
- Title of the Paper: Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats.
- Abstract of the Paper: [AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats.]
Identify how '[STZ,ChemicalEntity]' and '[STL2,GeneOrGeneProduct]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. [/INST]Negative_Correlation</s> | Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats. | AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats. | {
"name": "STZ",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "STL2",
"type": "GeneOrGeneProduct"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Bind",
"Association"
] | Negative_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical STZ and a gene or protein STL1 in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means that a chemical leads to higher gene expression, or higher gene expression increases sensitivity to the chemical, or a gene variant exacerbates the chemical's side effects, or a gene causes an over-response to the chemical, or there is a positive interaction between two genes in any manner.
'Negative_Correlation' indicates that a chemical leads to reduced gene expression, or higher gene expression results in decreased sensitivity or resistance to the chemical, or a gene variant offers protection against the chemical's adverse effects, or a gene contributes to resistance against the chemical, or there exists a negative interaction between two genes in any form.
'Bind' means that a chemical either connects to a gene's promoter region or a protein acts as a receptor for that chemical.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive correlation, negative correlation and bind , or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[STZ,ChemicalEntity]' and '[STL1,GeneOrGeneProduct]'.
- Title of the Paper: Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats.
- Abstract of the Paper: [AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats.]
Identify how '[STZ,ChemicalEntity]' and '[STL1,GeneOrGeneProduct]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. [/INST]Negative_Correlation</s> | Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats. | AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats. | {
"name": "STZ",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "STL1",
"type": "GeneOrGeneProduct"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Bind",
"Association"
] | Negative_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical streptozotocin and a disease memory impairment in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means there's a direct link between a chemical and a disease. This includes cases where the chemical causes the disease, higher doses of the chemical increase disease risk, the disease raises the chemical's level in the body, there's a direct positive link between the chemical's level and disease risk, or exposure to the chemical during development affects disease susceptibility later on.
'Negative_Correlation' means there's an inverse relation between a chemical substance and a disease. This includes situations where the chemical or drug is used to treat the disease, the presence of the disease lowers the level of the chemical in the body, or the chemical or drug reduces the likelihood of the disease.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive or negative correlation, or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[streptozotocin,ChemicalEntity]' and '[memory impairment,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]'.
- Title of the Paper: Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats.
- Abstract of the Paper: [AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats.]
Identify how '[streptozotocin,ChemicalEntity]' and '[memory impairment,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. [/INST]Positive_Correlation</s> | Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats. | AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats. | {
"name": "streptozotocin",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "memory impairment",
"type": "DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Association"
] | Positive_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical Testosterone and a gene or protein STL2 in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means that a chemical leads to higher gene expression, or higher gene expression increases sensitivity to the chemical, or a gene variant exacerbates the chemical's side effects, or a gene causes an over-response to the chemical, or there is a positive interaction between two genes in any manner.
'Negative_Correlation' indicates that a chemical leads to reduced gene expression, or higher gene expression results in decreased sensitivity or resistance to the chemical, or a gene variant offers protection against the chemical's adverse effects, or a gene contributes to resistance against the chemical, or there exists a negative interaction between two genes in any form.
'Bind' means that a chemical either connects to a gene's promoter region or a protein acts as a receptor for that chemical.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive correlation, negative correlation and bind , or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[Testosterone,ChemicalEntity]' and '[STL2,GeneOrGeneProduct]'.
- Title of the Paper: Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats.
- Abstract of the Paper: [AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats.]
Identify how '[Testosterone,ChemicalEntity]' and '[STL2,GeneOrGeneProduct]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. [/INST]Association</s> | Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats. | AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats. | {
"name": "Testosterone",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "STL2",
"type": "GeneOrGeneProduct"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Bind",
"Association"
] | Association |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical Testosterone and a gene or protein STL1 in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means that a chemical leads to higher gene expression, or higher gene expression increases sensitivity to the chemical, or a gene variant exacerbates the chemical's side effects, or a gene causes an over-response to the chemical, or there is a positive interaction between two genes in any manner.
'Negative_Correlation' indicates that a chemical leads to reduced gene expression, or higher gene expression results in decreased sensitivity or resistance to the chemical, or a gene variant offers protection against the chemical's adverse effects, or a gene contributes to resistance against the chemical, or there exists a negative interaction between two genes in any form.
'Bind' means that a chemical either connects to a gene's promoter region or a protein acts as a receptor for that chemical.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive correlation, negative correlation and bind , or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[Testosterone,ChemicalEntity]' and '[STL1,GeneOrGeneProduct]'.
- Title of the Paper: Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats.
- Abstract of the Paper: [AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats.]
Identify how '[Testosterone,ChemicalEntity]' and '[STL1,GeneOrGeneProduct]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. [/INST]Association</s> | Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats. | AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats. | {
"name": "Testosterone",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "STL1",
"type": "GeneOrGeneProduct"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Bind",
"Association"
] | Association |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical Testosterone and a disease memory impairment in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means there's a direct link between a chemical and a disease. This includes cases where the chemical causes the disease, higher doses of the chemical increase disease risk, the disease raises the chemical's level in the body, there's a direct positive link between the chemical's level and disease risk, or exposure to the chemical during development affects disease susceptibility later on.
'Negative_Correlation' means there's an inverse relation between a chemical substance and a disease. This includes situations where the chemical or drug is used to treat the disease, the presence of the disease lowers the level of the chemical in the body, or the chemical or drug reduces the likelihood of the disease.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive or negative correlation, or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[Testosterone,ChemicalEntity]' and '[memory impairment,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]'.
- Title of the Paper: Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats.
- Abstract of the Paper: [AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats.]
Identify how '[Testosterone,ChemicalEntity]' and '[memory impairment,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. [/INST]Negative_Correlation</s> | Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats. | AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats. | {
"name": "Testosterone",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "memory impairment",
"type": "DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Association"
] | Negative_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical Testosterone and a chemical streptozotocin in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Drug_Interaction', 'Cotreatment', 'Conversion', 'Comparison', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' indicates that Chemical A increases the effectiveness of Chemical B. This includes making Chemical B more sensitive, enhancing its ability to treat or induce a disease, or boosting its role in gene activation.
'Negative_Correlation' means that Chemical A reduces the effectiveness and impact of Chemical B. This includes decreasing Chemical B's sensitivity, reducing its ability to treat or induce a disease, diminishing its side effects, and lowering the gene activation it causes.
'Drug_Interaction' is when two different drugs or chemicals affect each other's action in the body, happening when they are used at the same time.
'Cotreatment' means that two different drugs or chemicals are used in combination therapy.
'Conversion' means that one chemical changes into another chemical.
'Comparison' means that two different drugs or chemicals have some differences and similarities in their effects.
'Association' refers to the relation between two chemicals that do not fit into any specific, predefined categories of relations.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[Testosterone,ChemicalEntity]' and '[streptozotocin,ChemicalEntity]'.
- Title of the Paper: Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats.
- Abstract of the Paper: [AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats.]
Identify how '[Testosterone,ChemicalEntity]' and '[streptozotocin,ChemicalEntity]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Drug_Interaction', 'Cotreatment', 'Conversion', 'Comparison', 'Association']. [/INST]Negative_Correlation</s> | Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in male rats. | AIM: To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in male rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly (icv) infused with STZ (750 ug) on d 1 and d 3, and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ. Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats, and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation. Testosterone (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), sc), the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip), the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (4 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ. RESULTS: STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in passive avoidance tests. Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats, and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ-treated rats. Administration of flutamide, letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats, and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment. CONCLUSION: Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ- and castration-induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats. | {
"name": "Testosterone",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "streptozotocin",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Drug_Interaction",
"Cotreatment",
"Conversion",
"Comparison",
"Association"
] | Negative_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical pegylated interferon and a disease hepatitis C virus infection in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means there's a direct link between a chemical and a disease. This includes cases where the chemical causes the disease, higher doses of the chemical increase disease risk, the disease raises the chemical's level in the body, there's a direct positive link between the chemical's level and disease risk, or exposure to the chemical during development affects disease susceptibility later on.
'Negative_Correlation' means there's an inverse relation between a chemical substance and a disease. This includes situations where the chemical or drug is used to treat the disease, the presence of the disease lowers the level of the chemical in the body, or the chemical or drug reduces the likelihood of the disease.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive or negative correlation, or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[pegylated interferon,ChemicalEntity]' and '[hepatitis C virus infection,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]'.
- Title of the Paper: Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin.
- Abstract of the Paper: [A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions.]
Identify how '[pegylated interferon,ChemicalEntity]' and '[hepatitis C virus infection,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. [/INST]Negative_Correlation</s> | Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin. | A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions. | {
"name": "pegylated interferon",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "hepatitis C virus infection",
"type": "DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Association"
] | Negative_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical pegylated interferon and a chemical telaprevir in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Drug_Interaction', 'Cotreatment', 'Conversion', 'Comparison', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' indicates that Chemical A increases the effectiveness of Chemical B. This includes making Chemical B more sensitive, enhancing its ability to treat or induce a disease, or boosting its role in gene activation.
'Negative_Correlation' means that Chemical A reduces the effectiveness and impact of Chemical B. This includes decreasing Chemical B's sensitivity, reducing its ability to treat or induce a disease, diminishing its side effects, and lowering the gene activation it causes.
'Drug_Interaction' is when two different drugs or chemicals affect each other's action in the body, happening when they are used at the same time.
'Cotreatment' means that two different drugs or chemicals are used in combination therapy.
'Conversion' means that one chemical changes into another chemical.
'Comparison' means that two different drugs or chemicals have some differences and similarities in their effects.
'Association' refers to the relation between two chemicals that do not fit into any specific, predefined categories of relations.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[pegylated interferon,ChemicalEntity]' and '[telaprevir,ChemicalEntity]'.
- Title of the Paper: Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin.
- Abstract of the Paper: [A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions.]
Identify how '[pegylated interferon,ChemicalEntity]' and '[telaprevir,ChemicalEntity]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Drug_Interaction', 'Cotreatment', 'Conversion', 'Comparison', 'Association']. [/INST]Cotreatment</s> | Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin. | A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions. | {
"name": "pegylated interferon",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "telaprevir",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Drug_Interaction",
"Cotreatment",
"Conversion",
"Comparison",
"Association"
] | Cotreatment |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical ribavirin and a chemical pegylated interferon in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Drug_Interaction', 'Cotreatment', 'Conversion', 'Comparison', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' indicates that Chemical A increases the effectiveness of Chemical B. This includes making Chemical B more sensitive, enhancing its ability to treat or induce a disease, or boosting its role in gene activation.
'Negative_Correlation' means that Chemical A reduces the effectiveness and impact of Chemical B. This includes decreasing Chemical B's sensitivity, reducing its ability to treat or induce a disease, diminishing its side effects, and lowering the gene activation it causes.
'Drug_Interaction' is when two different drugs or chemicals affect each other's action in the body, happening when they are used at the same time.
'Cotreatment' means that two different drugs or chemicals are used in combination therapy.
'Conversion' means that one chemical changes into another chemical.
'Comparison' means that two different drugs or chemicals have some differences and similarities in their effects.
'Association' refers to the relation between two chemicals that do not fit into any specific, predefined categories of relations.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[ribavirin,ChemicalEntity]' and '[pegylated interferon,ChemicalEntity]'.
- Title of the Paper: Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin.
- Abstract of the Paper: [A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions.]
Identify how '[ribavirin,ChemicalEntity]' and '[pegylated interferon,ChemicalEntity]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Drug_Interaction', 'Cotreatment', 'Conversion', 'Comparison', 'Association']. [/INST]Cotreatment</s> | Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin. | A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions. | {
"name": "ribavirin",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "pegylated interferon",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Drug_Interaction",
"Cotreatment",
"Conversion",
"Comparison",
"Association"
] | Cotreatment |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical ribavirin and a disease hepatitis C virus infection in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means there's a direct link between a chemical and a disease. This includes cases where the chemical causes the disease, higher doses of the chemical increase disease risk, the disease raises the chemical's level in the body, there's a direct positive link between the chemical's level and disease risk, or exposure to the chemical during development affects disease susceptibility later on.
'Negative_Correlation' means there's an inverse relation between a chemical substance and a disease. This includes situations where the chemical or drug is used to treat the disease, the presence of the disease lowers the level of the chemical in the body, or the chemical or drug reduces the likelihood of the disease.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive or negative correlation, or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[ribavirin,ChemicalEntity]' and '[hepatitis C virus infection,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]'.
- Title of the Paper: Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin.
- Abstract of the Paper: [A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions.]
Identify how '[ribavirin,ChemicalEntity]' and '[hepatitis C virus infection,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. [/INST]Negative_Correlation</s> | Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin. | A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions. | {
"name": "ribavirin",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "hepatitis C virus infection",
"type": "DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Association"
] | Negative_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical ribavirin and a chemical telaprevir in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Drug_Interaction', 'Cotreatment', 'Conversion', 'Comparison', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' indicates that Chemical A increases the effectiveness of Chemical B. This includes making Chemical B more sensitive, enhancing its ability to treat or induce a disease, or boosting its role in gene activation.
'Negative_Correlation' means that Chemical A reduces the effectiveness and impact of Chemical B. This includes decreasing Chemical B's sensitivity, reducing its ability to treat or induce a disease, diminishing its side effects, and lowering the gene activation it causes.
'Drug_Interaction' is when two different drugs or chemicals affect each other's action in the body, happening when they are used at the same time.
'Cotreatment' means that two different drugs or chemicals are used in combination therapy.
'Conversion' means that one chemical changes into another chemical.
'Comparison' means that two different drugs or chemicals have some differences and similarities in their effects.
'Association' refers to the relation between two chemicals that do not fit into any specific, predefined categories of relations.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[ribavirin,ChemicalEntity]' and '[telaprevir,ChemicalEntity]'.
- Title of the Paper: Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin.
- Abstract of the Paper: [A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions.]
Identify how '[ribavirin,ChemicalEntity]' and '[telaprevir,ChemicalEntity]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Drug_Interaction', 'Cotreatment', 'Conversion', 'Comparison', 'Association']. [/INST]Cotreatment</s> | Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin. | A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions. | {
"name": "ribavirin",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "telaprevir",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Drug_Interaction",
"Cotreatment",
"Conversion",
"Comparison",
"Association"
] | Cotreatment |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a gene or protein CYP3A4 and a chemical simvastatin in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means that a chemical leads to higher gene expression, or higher gene expression increases sensitivity to the chemical, or a gene variant exacerbates the chemical's side effects, or a gene causes an over-response to the chemical, or there is a positive interaction between two genes in any manner.
'Negative_Correlation' indicates that a chemical leads to reduced gene expression, or higher gene expression results in decreased sensitivity or resistance to the chemical, or a gene variant offers protection against the chemical's adverse effects, or a gene contributes to resistance against the chemical, or there exists a negative interaction between two genes in any form.
'Bind' means that a chemical either connects to a gene's promoter region or a protein acts as a receptor for that chemical.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive correlation, negative correlation and bind , or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[CYP3A4,GeneOrGeneProduct]' and '[simvastatin,ChemicalEntity]'.
- Title of the Paper: Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin.
- Abstract of the Paper: [A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions.]
Identify how '[CYP3A4,GeneOrGeneProduct]' and '[simvastatin,ChemicalEntity]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Bind', 'Association']. [/INST]Association</s> | Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin. | A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions. | {
"name": "CYP3A4",
"type": "GeneOrGeneProduct"
} | {
"name": "simvastatin",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Bind",
"Association"
] | Association |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical statin and a disease muscle toxicity in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means there's a direct link between a chemical and a disease. This includes cases where the chemical causes the disease, higher doses of the chemical increase disease risk, the disease raises the chemical's level in the body, there's a direct positive link between the chemical's level and disease risk, or exposure to the chemical during development affects disease susceptibility later on.
'Negative_Correlation' means there's an inverse relation between a chemical substance and a disease. This includes situations where the chemical or drug is used to treat the disease, the presence of the disease lowers the level of the chemical in the body, or the chemical or drug reduces the likelihood of the disease.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive or negative correlation, or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[statin,ChemicalEntity]' and '[muscle toxicity,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]'.
- Title of the Paper: Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin.
- Abstract of the Paper: [A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions.]
Identify how '[statin,ChemicalEntity]' and '[muscle toxicity,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. [/INST]Positive_Correlation</s> | Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin. | A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions. | {
"name": "statin",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "muscle toxicity",
"type": "DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Association"
] | Positive_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical simvastatin and a chemical antiviral drugs in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Drug_Interaction', 'Cotreatment', 'Conversion', 'Comparison', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' indicates that Chemical A increases the effectiveness of Chemical B. This includes making Chemical B more sensitive, enhancing its ability to treat or induce a disease, or boosting its role in gene activation.
'Negative_Correlation' means that Chemical A reduces the effectiveness and impact of Chemical B. This includes decreasing Chemical B's sensitivity, reducing its ability to treat or induce a disease, diminishing its side effects, and lowering the gene activation it causes.
'Drug_Interaction' is when two different drugs or chemicals affect each other's action in the body, happening when they are used at the same time.
'Cotreatment' means that two different drugs or chemicals are used in combination therapy.
'Conversion' means that one chemical changes into another chemical.
'Comparison' means that two different drugs or chemicals have some differences and similarities in their effects.
'Association' refers to the relation between two chemicals that do not fit into any specific, predefined categories of relations.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[simvastatin,ChemicalEntity]' and '[antiviral drugs,ChemicalEntity]'.
- Title of the Paper: Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin.
- Abstract of the Paper: [A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions.]
Identify how '[simvastatin,ChemicalEntity]' and '[antiviral drugs,ChemicalEntity]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Drug_Interaction', 'Cotreatment', 'Conversion', 'Comparison', 'Association']. [/INST]Drug_Interaction</s> | Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin. | A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions. | {
"name": "simvastatin",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "antiviral drugs",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Drug_Interaction",
"Cotreatment",
"Conversion",
"Comparison",
"Association"
] | Drug_Interaction |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical simvastatin and a disease hepatitis C virus infection in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means there's a direct link between a chemical and a disease. This includes cases where the chemical causes the disease, higher doses of the chemical increase disease risk, the disease raises the chemical's level in the body, there's a direct positive link between the chemical's level and disease risk, or exposure to the chemical during development affects disease susceptibility later on.
'Negative_Correlation' means there's an inverse relation between a chemical substance and a disease. This includes situations where the chemical or drug is used to treat the disease, the presence of the disease lowers the level of the chemical in the body, or the chemical or drug reduces the likelihood of the disease.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive or negative correlation, or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[simvastatin,ChemicalEntity]' and '[hepatitis C virus infection,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]'.
- Title of the Paper: Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin.
- Abstract of the Paper: [A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions.]
Identify how '[simvastatin,ChemicalEntity]' and '[hepatitis C virus infection,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. [/INST]Negative_Correlation</s> | Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin. | A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions. | {
"name": "simvastatin",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "hepatitis C virus infection",
"type": "DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Association"
] | Negative_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical simvastatin and a disease rhabdomyolysis in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means there's a direct link between a chemical and a disease. This includes cases where the chemical causes the disease, higher doses of the chemical increase disease risk, the disease raises the chemical's level in the body, there's a direct positive link between the chemical's level and disease risk, or exposure to the chemical during development affects disease susceptibility later on.
'Negative_Correlation' means there's an inverse relation between a chemical substance and a disease. This includes situations where the chemical or drug is used to treat the disease, the presence of the disease lowers the level of the chemical in the body, or the chemical or drug reduces the likelihood of the disease.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive or negative correlation, or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[simvastatin,ChemicalEntity]' and '[rhabdomyolysis,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]'.
- Title of the Paper: Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin.
- Abstract of the Paper: [A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions.]
Identify how '[simvastatin,ChemicalEntity]' and '[rhabdomyolysis,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. [/INST]Positive_Correlation</s> | Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin. | A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions. | {
"name": "simvastatin",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "rhabdomyolysis",
"type": "DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Association"
] | Positive_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical telaprevir and a disease hepatitis C virus infected in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means there's a direct link between a chemical and a disease. This includes cases where the chemical causes the disease, higher doses of the chemical increase disease risk, the disease raises the chemical's level in the body, there's a direct positive link between the chemical's level and disease risk, or exposure to the chemical during development affects disease susceptibility later on.
'Negative_Correlation' means there's an inverse relation between a chemical substance and a disease. This includes situations where the chemical or drug is used to treat the disease, the presence of the disease lowers the level of the chemical in the body, or the chemical or drug reduces the likelihood of the disease.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive or negative correlation, or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[telaprevir,ChemicalEntity]' and '[hepatitis C virus infected,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]'.
- Title of the Paper: Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin.
- Abstract of the Paper: [A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions.]
Identify how '[telaprevir,ChemicalEntity]' and '[hepatitis C virus infected,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. [/INST]Negative_Correlation</s> | Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin. | A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions. | {
"name": "telaprevir",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "hepatitis C virus infected",
"type": "DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Association"
] | Negative_Correlation |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical telaprevir and a chemical simvastatin in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Drug_Interaction', 'Cotreatment', 'Conversion', 'Comparison', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' indicates that Chemical A increases the effectiveness of Chemical B. This includes making Chemical B more sensitive, enhancing its ability to treat or induce a disease, or boosting its role in gene activation.
'Negative_Correlation' means that Chemical A reduces the effectiveness and impact of Chemical B. This includes decreasing Chemical B's sensitivity, reducing its ability to treat or induce a disease, diminishing its side effects, and lowering the gene activation it causes.
'Drug_Interaction' is when two different drugs or chemicals affect each other's action in the body, happening when they are used at the same time.
'Cotreatment' means that two different drugs or chemicals are used in combination therapy.
'Conversion' means that one chemical changes into another chemical.
'Comparison' means that two different drugs or chemicals have some differences and similarities in their effects.
'Association' refers to the relation between two chemicals that do not fit into any specific, predefined categories of relations.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[telaprevir,ChemicalEntity]' and '[simvastatin,ChemicalEntity]'.
- Title of the Paper: Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin.
- Abstract of the Paper: [A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions.]
Identify how '[telaprevir,ChemicalEntity]' and '[simvastatin,ChemicalEntity]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Drug_Interaction', 'Cotreatment', 'Conversion', 'Comparison', 'Association']. [/INST]Drug_Interaction</s> | Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin. | A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions. | {
"name": "telaprevir",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "simvastatin",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Drug_Interaction",
"Cotreatment",
"Conversion",
"Comparison",
"Association"
] | Drug_Interaction |
<s>[INST]<<SYS>>
Your task is to determine the relationship between a chemical telaprevir and a disease Rhabdomyolysis in a medical text. Choose the correct relation from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association'], based only on the information provided in the text.The meanings of each relation type are as follows: 'Positive_Correlation' means there's a direct link between a chemical and a disease. This includes cases where the chemical causes the disease, higher doses of the chemical increase disease risk, the disease raises the chemical's level in the body, there's a direct positive link between the chemical's level and disease risk, or exposure to the chemical during development affects disease susceptibility later on.
'Negative_Correlation' means there's an inverse relation between a chemical substance and a disease. This includes situations where the chemical or drug is used to treat the disease, the presence of the disease lowers the level of the chemical in the body, or the chemical or drug reduces the likelihood of the disease.
'Association' is used to describe relation that don't clearly fall under categories like positive or negative correlation, or when the nature of the relation lack a clear description.
<</SYS>>
Examine the abstract and title of a medical research paper to determine the relationship between the entities '[telaprevir,ChemicalEntity]' and '[Rhabdomyolysis,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]'.
- Title of the Paper: Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin.
- Abstract of the Paper: [A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions.]
Identify how '[telaprevir,ChemicalEntity]' and '[Rhabdomyolysis,DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature]' are related in the text, focusing on their interactions or associations. Then, select the most accurate relationship type from ['Positive_Correlation', 'Negative_Correlation', 'Association']. [/INST]Positive_Correlation</s> | Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin. | A 46-year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin, pegylated interferon and telaprevir. The patient also received simvastatin. One month after starting the antiviral therapy, the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis. At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug-drug interaction was suspected. The creatine kinase peaked at 62,246 IU/L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline. The patient's renal function remained unaffected. Fourteen days after hospitalization, creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU/L and the patient was discharged. Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale. The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated simvastatin clearance. Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood. In conclusion, with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug-drug interactions. | {
"name": "telaprevir",
"type": "ChemicalEntity"
} | {
"name": "Rhabdomyolysis",
"type": "DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"
} | [
"Positive_Correlation",
"Negative_Correlation",
"Association"
] | Positive_Correlation |
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