answers
dict | title
stringlengths 16
40
| context
stringlengths 13
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| question
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values | id
stringlengths 1
5
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|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"text": [
"3.6%"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} | 10.1039/C2TA00883A | As a consequence of the improvements of Jsc and Voc, the overall conversion efficiency (η) values for SQM1a (3.6%) were higher than those for SQM1b (2.9%) and MSQ (2.2%), although their fill factors (FF) were comparable (0.51 for SQM1a, 0.53 for SQM1b, and 0.50 for MSQ). | What is the value of η? | 66097 |
{
"text": [
"14.9%"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA02502H | The photovoltaic cell reaches a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.9%, which is comparable to or even better than that of the devices using the traditional doped 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N′-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) hole transport material under equivalent conditions. | What is the value of PCE? | 13770 |
{
"text": [
"19.0%"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.06.044 | In comparison with the MAPbI3 based device with a maximum PCE of 14.4% including an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.01 V, a short circuit current density (JSC) of 20.1 mA cm−2 and a fill factor (FF) of 70.6%, the MAPbI3−xClx based device surprisingly exhibited a much higher maximum PCE of 19.0%, which is attributed to higher VOC (1.11 V), FF (75.8%) and JSC (22.5 mA cm−2). | What is the value of PCE? | 8105 |
{
"text": [
"673mV"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} | 10.1016/j.tet.2014.02.074 | With a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 12.11mAcm−1, an open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 673mV and a fill factor (FF) of 0.66, an ISB-4 based cell exhibits the highest PCE (η) of 5.36%. | What is the value of Voc? | 46098 |
{
"text": [
"5.76%"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} | 10.1039/C4CP04240A | The individually N719 sensitized device was found to exhibit an overall conversion efficiency (η) value of 5.43% (with Jsc = 12.61 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.71 V, and FF = 0.61), while the co-sensitized solar cell devices M0/N719, M1o/N719, M1p/N719 and M2/N719 showed an η value of 5.76% (with Jsc = 13.09 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.71 V, and FF = 0.62), 6.16% (with Jsc = 14.41 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.69 V, and FF = 0.62), 7.32% (with Jsc = 16.48 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.72 V, and FF = 0.62), and 7.00% (with Jsc = 16.53 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.72 V, and FF = 0.59), respectively. | What is the value of η? | 61361 |
{
"text": [
"I−/I3−"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.022 | ηcc is related to the competition between charge recombination and electron transport in photoanode, which can be interpreted from the EIS results in (c)], the left semicircle in the high-frequency (R1) corresponds to the redox reaction of I−/I3− at Pt counter electrode/electrolyte interface, and the middle semicircle in the intermediate frequency (R2) assigns to the electron-transport at the dye-sensitized metal oxide film/electrolyte interface and the electron-transport resistance in the metal oxide film (d) shows the Bode plots of the EIS, and the main peaks are related to the electron transport at the dye-sensitized metal oxide film/electrolyte interface and the electron-transport resistance in the metal oxide film. | What is redox reaction? | 59483 |
{
"text": [
"8.55%"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} | 10.1039/C6EE00424E | In this case, the PCE is 8.55%, which, as far as we know, is the highest reported for a cell containing a photoanode deposited on a plastic substrate. | What is the value of PCE? | 61423 |
{
"text": [
"9.05%"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} | 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.10.018 | The DSSCs based on the Co-N-CNFs CE reached a high average PCE of 9.05%. | What is the value of PCE? | 49483 |
{
"text": [
"6.15%"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.100 | The DSSC with Co0.42Ni0.58Se CE has achieved the highest PCE of 6.15%, which is larger than that of the DSSC with Pt CE (5.53%).Selenium oxide (AR), cobalt acetate tetrahydrate (AR), nickel acetate tetrahydrate (AR), benzyl alcohol (AR), n-hexane (AR), acetone (AR) and ethanol (AR) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd of China. | What is the value of PCE? | 38668 |
{
"text": [
"8.45%"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} | 10.1039/C6NR00301J | We also achieved an average PCE of 8.45% and the maximum PCE of 8.83% for solar cells containing the active layer of CH3NH3Sn0.25Pb0.75I3 prepared via the only-thermal annealing. | What is the value of PCE? | 14625 |
{
"text": [
"Mesoporous TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | 10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.164061 | Mesoporous TiO2 as ETL plays an efficient role in efficiency enhancement. | What is ETL? | 10203 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
} | 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.05.003 | The PEO-TiO2-PC(CsI/I3−) composite polymer electrolyte presents the optimum redox couple diffusion characteristics and the highest degree of amorphicity. | What is ? | 54480 |
{
"text": [
"0.67 V"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2004.02.050 | A high solar energy-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 9.2% (Jsc=19.0 mA cm−2, Voc=0.67 V, and FF=0.72) was attained under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm−2) using a novel electrolyte consisting of 1.5 M EMImI, 0.05 M iodine, and acetonitrile as a solvent with an antireflection film.Dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells (DSSCs) have been intensively studied during the last decade both because these unconventional solar cells exhibit high performance and because they offer the possibility for low-cost production of devices To further improve the performance of DSSCs based on the black dye and to clarify the factors determining the performance, we have investigated the effects of electrolytes on solar cell performance. | What is the value of Voc? | 49689 |
{
"text": [
"9.23%"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} | 10.1039/C3TA01621H | On the other hand, BR-DSSC showed superior performance to SS-DSSC, with a higher Voc (0.692 V), Jsc (18.4 mA cm−2) and a FF of 0.73, which result in a higher overall energy conversion efficiency of η = 9.23%, showing a 16% increment in η compared to SS-DSSC. | What is the value of η? | 76287 |
{
"text": [
"0.801 V"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA01665G | Under the same conditions, other cells sensitized with the dyes TP1, TP2 and TP4 also showed attractive performances with Jsc of 14.87, 14.21 and 12.68 mA cm−2, Voc of 0.778, 0.790 and 0.801 V, and FF of 0.666, 0.686 and 0.693, corresponding to the η values of 7.71%, 7.70% and 7.05%, respectively. | What is the value of Voc? | 64063 |
{
"text": [
"67"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} | 10.1039/C5NR05207F | The PCEs of devices based on these doped TiO2 nanorods are higher than those of devices with undoped TiO2 in each study by about 33%, 50% and 67% for Mg, Nb and Sn, respectively.Nanorods would evolve to bendable nanowires with the increase of the ratio between the length and diameter under controllable conditions. | What is ? | 20263 |
{
"text": [
"0.91 V"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.04.057 | Notably, the Voc increased from 0.91 V to 0.96 V and from 0.91 V to 0.93 V, respectively, and the FF greatly improved from 66% to more than 75%. | What is the value of Voc? | 147 |
{
"text": [
"23"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA09661H | 6a) and a power-per-weight as high as 23 W g−1 (Fig. | What is ? | 16890 |
{
"text": [
"8.41%"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2017.05.071 | As a result, the bifacial semitransparent PSC has been optimized from optical and electrical aspects, and the efficient triple-layer cathode of PEIE (10 nm)/Ag(11 nm)/MoOx(10 nm) has resulted in the high PCE values of 13.55%at ITO side and 8.41% and Ag film side. | What is the value of PCE? | 5551 |
{
"text": [
"0.59V"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} | 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.03.271 | For this device the photovoltaic parameters were VOC=0.59V, the JSC=7.64mA/cm2, FF=50.41%, and the PCE=2.27%. | What is the value of VOC? | 32559 |
{
"text": [
"120s"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} | 10.1016/j.renene.2014.06.043 | For front side illuminated devices, the overall device efficiency (η) increases from 1.73% to 2.57% when the Pt sputtering time is increased from 60s to 120s. | What is the value of time? | 30083 |
{
"text": [
"Au"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} | 10.1039/C8EE01500G | To finalize the preparation of devices, a 80 nm-thick Au electrode was further deposited on the FTO/cp-TiO2/mp-TiO2/perovskite/spiro-MeOTAD films.The current (J)–voltage (V) property of the hole-only device (FTO/spiro-MeOTAD/Au) was measured in the dark to obtain the space charge limited current (SCLC). | What is electrode? | 21317 |
{
"text": [
"0.12 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} | 10.1039/C7RA03066E | The active area of the devices was determined to be 0.12 cm2 by a shadow mask.UV-vis spectra of the perovskite films on mesoporous TiO2 film were obtained by an UV-vis spectrophotometer (Agilent, model Cary 60). | What is the value of active area? | 16116 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} | 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.09.013 | Our research suggests that metal is easily reduced into freestanding TiO2 nanotube arrays by UV irradiation, which has various applications in photovoltaics, photocatalysis, hydrogen generation, sensors, and water-splitting devices.Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at | What is ? | 32885 |
{
"text": [
"0.16 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.08.041 | The active area of the device was 0.16 cm2, defined by the aperture area of the mask.UV–vis absorption spectra were recorded with a spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Ltd., U-3900). | What is the value of active area? | 8954 |
{
"text": [
"0.82 V"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} | 10.1039/C0EE00735H | 1(B)) at an irradiation of 100 mW cm−2AM1.5 simulated sunlight, and the detailed photovoltaic parameters are collected in Table 1.The short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc), open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) of a typical cell with the cobalt electrolyte are 14.1 mA cm−2, 0.82 V and 0.72, respectively, affording an overall power conversion efficiency (η) of 8.3%. | What is the value of Voc? | 74653 |
{
"text": [
"0.71 V"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} | 10.1039/B512983D | 1,7-Bis(N-pyrrolidinyl)-N,N′-dicyclohexyl-3,4,9,10-perylenebis(dicarboximide) (5-PDI), which has the electron donating pyrrolidinyl group, absorbed the long wavelength region to give IPCE onset higher than 750 nm and the pyrrolidinyl group also raised the LUMO level of 5-PDI to render the high VOC (up to 0.71 V) in photovoltaic device.Organic materials for photovoltaic devices based on conducting polymers are attractive because most of them can be processed from solution viaspin-coating at room temperature, enabling the manufacture of large area, flexible and lightweight devices. | What is the value of VOC? | 68672 |
{
"text": [
"68 ± 3%"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.10.006 | The performance of these MAPbI3 devices is compared and listed in When the MAPbI3 absorber layer was post treated with GUTS/IPA with concentration up to 4 mg/mL, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cells increases by nearly 20%, from 12.7 ± 1.8% to 15.2 ± 0.9%, mainly due to the increase of open-circuit voltage (Voc), from average 1.02 ± 0.03 V to average 1.06 ± 0.0.02 V, and fill-factor (FF), from 60 ± 5% to 68 ± 3% (). | What is the value of FF? | 5762 |
{
"text": [
"SnO2"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2018.01.040 | Nevertheless, the difference is small and the advantage associated with low-cost graphene derived from local graphite can overweigh the lower performance and hence as far as practical applications are concerned, graphene based ones are more viable than Pt-based ones.Graphene counter electrode based DSCs utilizing SnO2/ZnO interconnected nanoparticle charge transport layer instead of TiO2 nanoparticle layer were prepared and optimized with respect to counter electrode preparation conditions and DSC performance studied. | What is ? | 58606 |
{
"text": [
"0.62 V"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} | 10.1016/j.poly.2014.04.059 | The DSSC device using the Ru(II) dye with the 9-tolylcarbazole chromophore exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency (η) up to 3.39%, with a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 8.06 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 0.62 V and a high fill factor (ff) of 0.68 under illumination of an AM 1.5 solar cell simulator.Because of the ascending demand for energy and the limited amount of fossil fuel available in our Earth, solar energy is expected to play a strategic role to deal with the energy crisis as it is abundant, unlimited in supply and clean Optimizing the energy levels of the photosensitizers is also a very important factor for high photovoltaic performance of DSSCs because the energy levels of the semiconductor anode and the redox electrolyte need to show a good match as they would affect the electron injection and dye regeneration The aim of this study is to design and synthesize a series of thiocyanate-free cyclometalated Ru(II) complexes (D1–D5), [Ru(dcbpy)2(L)]+PF6− (LH = 3-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-9-p-tolyl-9H-carbazole (D1), 2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (D2), 9-butyl-3-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazole (D3), N-(4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine (D4), 9,9-diethyl-7-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-diphenyl-9H-fluorenyl-2-amine (D5)), for DSSC application (). | What is the value of Voc? | 30243 |
{
"text": [
"6.34%"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2019.12.034 | The DSSCs assembled using N719 dye witnessed higher η of 6.34% than η of 4.3% and 5.2% obtained by was found predominant over the present study which may be due to higher catalytic activity of composite (Fe2O3/Graphene) based counter electrode.The effect of various concentrations of CDA (2.5mM, 5mM, 7.5mM, 10mM and 12.5mM) on the performance of DSSCs sensitized with RhB, D149 and N719 has been investigated and are shown in . | What is the value of η? | 28435 |
{
"text": [
"6.46mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.05.079 | In the case of UY2, the Jsc value (6.46mAcm−2) was higher than that of UY1 under the same condition and the Voc was further improved to 0.50V, corresponding to a η of 2.28%. | What is the value of Jsc? | 26702 |
{
"text": [
"738 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} | 10.1039/C4RA00194J | DSSCs fabricated with a 0.01 M Zr/N-doped TiO2 photoelectrode achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 12.62% with a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 26.37 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 738 mV, and fill factor (FF) of 67.3% after TiCl4 treatment. | What is the value of Voc? | 73707 |
{
"text": [
"4.69%"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.02.045 | Although hollow spheres absorbed smaller amount of dyes than nanosheets, the former generated a higher Jsc due to the stronger light-scattering effect, but η decreased from 4.69% of hollow spheres to 4.12% of nanosheets. | What is the value of η? | 40953 |
{
"text": [
"8.31%"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} | 10.1039/C8RA04091E | The overall energy conversion efficiency of the DSSC with NiCoSe2-150 CE reached 8.76%, and DSSCs with NiCoSe2-120 and NiCoSe2-180 CEs achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 8.48% and 8.31%, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 71896 |
{
"text": [
"0.99V"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.130 | From a, we can obtain that the PCE of SAM-unmodified PSC is 11.74% (Jsc=20.30mAcm−2, Voc=0.98V and FF=0.59) under FS, while 14.65% (Jsc=20.55mAcm−2, Voc=0.99V and FF=0.72) under RS. | What is the value of Voc? | 425 |
{
"text": [
"340"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} | 10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.10.011 | The device with the hetero-layered structure exhibited a Jsc of as high as 340 μA/cm2 and an energy conversion efficiency of up to 0.33% under blue monochromatic illumination. | What is ? | 9523 |
{
"text": [
"FTO"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2017.01.030 | The higher value of Rs for carbon CE may be due to poor adhesion of the film to FTO substrate.J-V characteristic curves of DSSCs using carbon produced from carbonization of sugar free and Pt counter electrodes are presented in , and the corresponding photovoltaic and electrochemical performance parameters of the cells are summarized in . | What is substrate? | 57632 |
{
"text": [
"5.19%"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.210 | As shown in , the PCE was gradually increased from 3.85% (500 rpm) to 5.19% (3500 rpm). | What is the value of PCE? | 30049 |
{
"text": [
"9.29mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} | 10.1016/j.mset.2019.01.001 | The short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of Au:TiO2 was 15.88mA/cm2, which is improved by 70% correlated to that of 9.29mA/cm2 for pure TiO2 electrode. | What is the value of Jsc? | 48919 |
{
"text": [
"1.09 V"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} | 10.1039/C9TA01319A | The Jsc, Voc, FF and PCE are 22.10 mA cm−2, 1.12 V, 81.97% and 20.36% for the champion chlorine doping solar cells with forward scan and 21.11 mA cm−2, 1.09 V, 82.34%, 18.93% for the device without chlorine. | What is the value of Voc? | 20552 |
{
"text": [
"0.74V"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2017.10.011 | With GO/Mn (1:10) as the CE, JSC=17.2mA/cm2, VOC=0.74V, FF=0.58, and PCE=7.47%. | What is the value of VOC? | 33265 |
{
"text": [
"16.16%"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227216 | For the simplest and unoptimised ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3/PC61BM/Ag PSC, the PCE and the FF increased to 16.16% and 0.79 on the glass substrate and to 13.54% and 0.7 on the flexible PET substrate, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 3702 |
{
"text": [
"FTO"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA04807F | The high frequency semicircle beginning point was used to estimate the series resistance (Rs) of the interfacial resistance between the electrode materials and the FTO conducting glass substrate. | What is substrate? | 68472 |
{
"text": [
"5.63%"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} | 10.1039/B822190A | ChinaReceived (in Cambridge, UK) 10th December 2008 , Accepted 12th February 2009A novel class of organic D–π–A dyes employing a N,N,N′,N′-tetraphenylbenzidine (TPD) unit as donor was designed and synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cells, which achieved a solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of 5.63% in preliminary tests as compared to 6.42% for N3 dye under the same experimental conditions.Energy demands and environmental pollution resulting in global warming have led to an intense focus all over the world on renewable energy sources over the past decades. | What is the value of η? | 71971 |
{
"text": [
"1.46%"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} | 10.1016/j.jssc.2012.02.026 | As can be seen, along with the increase of ZnO NAs length, the conversion efficiency (η) was evidently improved (Z1, 0.61%; Z2, 1.00%; Z3, 1.46%). | What is the value of η? | 49379 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.142 | The DSCs were assembled by sandwiching the dye-sensitized TiO2 anodes and various CEs with an electrolyte (1M 1.3-dimethylimidazolium iodine, 0.5M 4-tert-butylpyridine, 0.15M iodine, and 0.1M guanidine thiocyanate in 3-methoxypropionitrile solvent) using a 60μm thick hot-melt Surlyn spacer (Dupont, USA)Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) of samples were recorded based on a Perkin Elmer Spectrum Gx FTIR Spectrometer with attenuated total reflection (ATR) device. | What is anodes? | 42095 |
{
"text": [
"7.62%"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.04.048 | As a result, DSSCs based on W10 afford an impressive PCE value of 7.62%, which is around 20% higher than 6.28% for W09 sensitized cells. | What is the value of PCE? | 28136 |
{
"text": [
"2.99%"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} | 10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163567 | The back illuminated optimization was achieved with the 11μm TiO2 film thickness which was at PCE=2.99%, Jsc=7.83 mA/cm2, Voc=0.7V, FF=0.55 with the minimum volume of the Pt solution. | What is the value of PCE? | 38428 |
{
"text": [
"10.06 ± 0.14%"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} | 10.1039/C4CC10215K | The values of η are 10.03 ± 0.20%, 10.30 ± 0.11%, 10.07 ± 0.13%, 10.06 ± 0.14%, 10.03 ± 0.09%, and 9.84 ± 0.07% for EVA/pyrene/DSSCs with 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 wt% pyrene photoluminescent layer contents, respectively. | What is the value of η? | 67609 |
{
"text": [
"752 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} | 10.1016/j.matlet.2015.08.062 | The device B with the Jsc,, Voc, FF and η values of 5.11 mA cm−2, 752 mV, 0.518 and 1.99% exhibits higher performance than device A, which can be mainly attributed to the enhanced ability of dye absorption and light harvesting of device B. | What is the value of Voc? | 59533 |
{
"text": [
"12.4%"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} | 10.1039/C4TA05352D | The PCE of the PFN-modified solar cells significantly dropped from 12.4% of the reference cell to 8.7% (Fig. | What is the value of PCE? | 16392 |
{
"text": [
"2.03%"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2017.08.009 | The PSCs made on the co-modified HTL has a maximum PCE of 5.11%, which shows 293%, 152%, and 38% improvements in contrast to the values of the devices based on the pristine PEDOT:PSS (1.30%), DMSO-PEDOT:PSS (2.03%), and CB-PEDOT:PSS (3.69%) HTL, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 1230 |
{
"text": [
"9.93%"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} | 10.1039/C5CS00113G | The improved crystallinity and morphology of the perovskite films fabricated using the NH4Cl additive led to remarkable enhancement in the device performance (a PCE of 9.93% and a FF of 0.8011). | What is the value of PCE? | 21074 |
{
"text": [
"100mW/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
} | 10.1016/j.tsf.2018.07.041 | The whole fabrication process was completed after the thermal evaporation of 10nm BCP and 100nm Ag on top of the PCBM layer under high vacuum of 4×10−4Pa.Photovoltaic performance of the perovskite solar cells was employed on a solar cell testing system consisting of a computer-programmed sourcemeter (Keithley 2400) and a solar simulator (AM 1.5, Newport), with the light density of 100mW/cm2 calibrated by a standard Si photodiode. | What is the value of solar? | 466 |
{
"text": [
"7.6%"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2017.03.049 | Due to their unique 2-D nanostructure, higher dye loading, retardation in recombination; DSSCs made with photoelectrodes containing TiO2 nanoplates scattering layer showed 7.6% energy conversion efficiency (η), which was much better than the pristine NC-TiO2 photoelectrode (η: 6.7%) and the photoelectrode with commercial scattering layer(η: 7.2%).TiO2 nanoplates were synthesized using two-step hydrothermal method. | What is the value of η? | 45087 |
{
"text": [
"1.6%"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} | 10.1016/j.optmat.2018.04.059 | Because of the structural constraints, SWCNTs and SnO2 show a low photovoltaic performance; (Jsc=4.1mAcm−2, Voc=0.74V, FF=51.6% and PCE=1.6%) and (Jsc=13.1mAcm−2, Voc=0.52V, FF=32.3% and PCE=2.2%), respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 48945 |
{
"text": [
"21.51mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2018.10.037 | The J–V analysis results showed that the when 1% DIO was added to the perovskite layer, the Jsc, FF, and PCE of the PSC were the highest (21.51mA/cm2, 0.65, and 12.86%, respectively). | What is the value of Jsc? | 8609 |
{
"text": [
"19.51%"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110197 | The resulting power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the optimized devices are 20.93% and 19.51% for active areas of 0.12cm2 and 0.7cm2, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 6135 |
{
"text": [
"48.72%"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} | 10.1016/j.ica.2017.05.056 | The BDNC device displayed an inferior PCE of 7.36%, which resulted from the relatively lower Jsc and FF (Jsc= 16.17 mA cm−2, and FF = 48.72%).b, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) curves were measured in the devices using PC61BM, EDNC, or BDNC as the ETMs. | What is the value of FF? | 5622 |
{
"text": [
"5.01%"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} | 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.05.074 | Under standard global AM 1.5 solar conditions, the HKK-Por1-sensitised cell gave a JSC of 10.7 mAcm−2, VOC of 0.67 V, FF of 0.70, corresponding to, an overall conversion efficiency η of 5.01%. | What is the value of η? | 38448 |
{
"text": [
"0.726 V"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} | 10.1039/C7SE00141J | This cell exhibits a good cell performance of 5.70% (Jsc of 11.73 mA cm−2 and Voc of 0.726 V), which is better than the mono-anchored congener.Liu et al. | What is the value of Voc? | 67463 |
{
"text": [
"662 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2014.09.019 | The DSSC with Ti:Nb(5:5)–TiO2/FTO exhibited a higher PCE of 10.37% [Jsc= 20.82 mA/cm2, Voc= 717 mV, and a fill factor (FF) = 69.5%] than the reference device with Ti:Nb(10:0)–TiO2/FTO, which showed a PCE of 7.90% (Jsc= 18.05 mA/cm2, Voc= 662 mV, and FF= 66.1%). | What is the value of Voc? | 37933 |
{
"text": [
"0.73 V"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} | 10.1039/C8NJ01029C | The Voc value for the TPACA-based DSSC decreased from 0.70 V to 0.73 V upon addition of TBP. | What is the value of Voc? | 60806 |
{
"text": [
"15.2%"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} | 10.1039/C9TC01741K | In that work, the authors mainly focused on the fabrication of conventional-structure PSCs, and the use of the same FM in the inverted structure led to a PCE (15.2%) lower than that obtained using C60 (15.8%). | What is the value of PCE? | 14751 |
{
"text": [
"0.61V"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.075 | The VOC, JSC and FF values are obtained as 0.61V, 17.86mA cm−2, and 0.57, respectively. | What is the value of VOC? | 26407 |
{
"text": [
"7.96mA·cm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} | 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.03.034 | The cell with polymer blend electrolyte having 40wt% of imidazole shows that Voc is 659mV, Jsc is 7.96mA·cm−2 and η is 3.04%. | What is the value of Jsc? | 54417 |
{
"text": [
"20.31mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} | 10.1016/j.mtener.2017.06.003 | With the increasing amount of NH4Cl, the performance of PSCs is improved and the best PCE is obtained with the NH4Cl:PbI2 ratio of 0.75 and shows a high PCE of 16.42% with Voc=1.05V, Jsc=20.31mAcm−2 and FF=77%, respectively. | What is the value of Jsc? | 1454 |
{
"text": [
"(PEA)2(MA)m-1PbmI3"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.12.047 | Further optimization of the 2D multilayered perovskites toward smaller bandgap and higher mobility, as well as replacement of the hole-accepting materials with ones better matched to perovskite would be necessary for enhanced light absorption and higher conversion efficiencies In summary, by a simple one-step spin coating method, we reproducibly deposited high quality thin films of 2D (PEA)2(MA)m-1PbmI3m+1(m=1, 2, 3) perovskite series, all of which exhibited high moisture stability in ambient air. | What is perovskite? | 10460 |
{
"text": [
"9%"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} | 10.1039/C5CS00113G | By optimizing the FA and MA cation mixing ratio to 3:2, a PCE of 12.9% was achieved with this low-cost fully printable mesoscopic solar cell, which indicated a promising prospect for low-cost photovoltaic technology. | What is the value of PCE? | 21059 |
{
"text": [
"2.63%"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} | 10.1016/j.rinp.2018.12.040 | In contrast, the optimized PCEs were measured to be 3.43%, 2.63% and 0.55% for nanosheets composed ZnO, the mixed ZnO, nanopetals composed ZnO, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 47317 |
{
"text": [
"3.16%"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} | 10.1039/C6SE00118A | The PCEs of the m-DSCs, 3.16% (Z-907) and 2.92% (MK-2), were lower in comparison with those of the BC-DSCs mainly due to the loss in voltage. | What is the value of PCE? | 64201 |
{
"text": [
"15.3%"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.05.083 | The PSC-pristine without CuPc(tBu)4 exhibited a PCE of 15.3% with Voc=1.02V, Jsc=20.0mAcm−2 and FF=75%, while the PSC-CuPc(tBu)4 fabricated with the perovskite layer prepared from the precursor containing the optimal CuPc(tBu)4 concentration achieved an enhanced PCE of 17.3% that can be mainly ascribed to the obviously increased Jsc value (22.6mAcm−2) as shown in . | What is the value of PCE? | 3167 |
{
"text": [
"240s"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} | 10.1016/j.energy.2015.05.133 | The energy conversion efficiency gradually increased with increasing etching time and obtained a maximum of 7.71% when etching time was 240s. | What is the value of time? | 35254 |
{
"text": [
"7.72%"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} | 10.1039/C3CE27098J | Due to the highest scattering effect and the lowest charge transfer resistance (Rct) at TiO2–dye–electrolyte interface, the DSSC with H2 (synthesized with HAc volume of 2 mL) as scattering layer offered η of 7.72%, which is 42% higher than that based on the monolayered NS photoanode.Anisotropy is the intrinsic characteristics of polar crystals. | What is the value of η? | 72775 |
{
"text": [
"400"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135278 | The ionic conductivity of 3.76, 0.47, 0.27, and 0.20μScm−1 were respectively found for the FDSSCs with the TMC photoanode as well as with the TNP/TMC photoanodes prepared using the withdraw rate of 100, 300, and 400mmmin−1 in the dip-coating process, respectively. | What is photoanode? | 44968 |
{
"text": [
"ITO"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.09.054 | The SnO2-based device gives the lowest Rco value indicating that charge extraction is most efficient at the SnO2/CH3NH3PbI3 interface among all the investigated ECL/CH3NH3PbI3 interfaces, a fact that is consistent with the (T)PL results Electron mobilities of the three devices were then evaluated by the space charge-limited current (SCLC) method with the architecture: ITO/Al/ECL/CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Al as shown in The electron mobilities of the three devices determined by this method are 5.9 ×10−3cm2V−1S−1 (ZnO), 4.3×10−3cm2V−1S−1 (ZnO–SnO2) and 2.2×10−3cm2V−1S−1 (SnO2). | What is ? | 368 |
{
"text": [
"t-BPTI"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} | 10.1039/C8EE02744G | The devices with the t-BPTI/C60 double ETL yielded a maximum efficiency of 11.63%.Apart from the NDI and PDI units, there are other small molecules designed for ETM that show good performance. | What is ETL? | 16701 |
{
"text": [
"3.2%"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.09.215 | The average PCE exhibits: 1.4% for ml-0, 3.5% for ml-250, 4.2% for ml-410, 4.5% for ml-640, and 3.2% for ml-900. | What is the value of PCE? | 9411 |
{
"text": [
"6.97%"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} | 10.1016/j.egyr.2018.01.007 | The corresponding solar light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of new hetero-phase structures, η=∼6.97% with FF=0.6 were obtained. | What is the value of η? | 38007 |
{
"text": [
"4.66 mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.08.124 | A DSSC based on WO3 nanorods showed JSC= 4.66 mA/cm2, VOC= 0.383 V, FF= 0.422, and η= 0.75% (dotted line). | What is the value of JSC? | 37798 |
{
"text": [
"1.06"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} | 10.1039/C6NR02276F | The influence of oxygen pressure and NiO film thickness has been studied, and a 17.3% PCE (VOC = 1.06 V, FF = 0.813, JSC = 20.2 mA cm−2) was demonstrated for a nanostructured NiO film with 150 nm thickness. | What is ? | 18879 |
{
"text": [
"73.16%"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} | 10.1039/C8TA02522C | A PCE of 6.01% (Jsc = 6.13 mA cm−2, Voc = 1.34 V, FF = 73.16%) is recorded for QDs-free inorganic PSC device, which is comparable to the state-of-the-art all-inorganic CsPbBr3 solar cells free of HTMs. | What is the value of FF? | 17353 |
{
"text": [
"5.22%"
],
"answer_start": [
294
]
} | 10.1039/C2JM30200D | When the solution baths were changed to the mixed solvents with DMF and ethanol, the Voc and ff values of the three dyes increased, and the DSC based on LI-22 still showed better comprehensive properties with Voc of 0.71 V, Jsc of 11.29 mA cm−2, and ff of 0.65, corresponding to the η value of 5.22%. | What is the value of η? | 67816 |
{
"text": [
"4.24%"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} | 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.02.004 | Finally, the fabricated DSSC containing Ag/ERGO/FTO CE represented suitable photovoltaic characteristic parameters (Voc= 0.8 V, jsc= 29.04 mA cm−2 and η= 4.24%) under simulated light of AM1.5 G (1000 W m−2) compared to Pt-based DSSC (Voc= 0.66 V, jsc= 19.54 mA cm−2 and η= 6.08%). | What is the value of η? | 55346 |
{
"text": [
"0.742 V"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} | 10.1039/C4RA08753D | For electrode 4 (Au–TiO2–Ag), the cell showed that Jsc, Voc, η and FF were 15.2 mA cm−2, 0.742 V, 7.26% and 63.4%. | What is the value of Voc? | 75979 |
{
"text": [
"13.11mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.07.082 | The cell with Mo0.6Se yields a front efficiency of 8.05% (Jsc=15.71mAcm−2, Voc=0.729, and FF=70.3%), which is much higher than 6.17% from pristine Pt-based DSSC (Jsc=13.11mAcm−2, Voc=0.712, and FF=66.1%). | What is the value of Jsc? | 24740 |
{
"text": [
"74%"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104099 | The pure MAPbI3 solar cells showed a decent PCE of 14.87% with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.00V, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 20.10mAcm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 74%. | What is the value of FF? | 9723 |
{
"text": [
"YT1"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} | 10.1039/C9TA01452G | Moreover, the good uniform thin film of the HTM could also result in a fast charge transport in the PSC devices and thus fast charge collection in the device.In conclusion, two new 9,9-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-substituted fluorene-based HTMs, termed YT1 and YT3, have been successfully explored for high-performance organic–inorganic hybrid and all-inorganic PSCs based on the reference material YT2. | What is HTMs? | 22904 |
{
"text": [
"78%"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} | 10.1039/C5EE00120J | 2(c), because its photovoltaic properties were Voc of 1.1 V, Jsc of 20 mA cm−2, FF of 75%, and η of 16.5% for the forward scan, and Voc of 1.1 V, Jsc of 20.1 mA cm−2, FF of 78%, and η of 17.2% in the reverse scan direction under the same measurement conditions. | What is the value of FF? | 14197 |
{
"text": [
"9.34%"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} | 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.06.017 | The open circuit voltage (Voc) was 740 V, the short circuit current density (Jsc) was 17.48 mA cm−2, the fill factor (FF) 0.72, and the energy efficiency (η) was 9.34%, all of which are much better than those by other methods. | What is the value of η? | 52011 |
{
"text": [
"1.417 mA"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} | 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112191 | Based on the results, the Voc and the Isc were varied from 0.35 to 0.542 V and 0.805 to 1.417 mA, respectively. | What is the value of Isc? | 38275 |
{
"text": [
"10.29%"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} | 10.1039/C4MH00236A | Later, Meng and coworkers developed two simple HTMs TPBS and TPBC by introducing electron-donating groups asymmetrically into the N,N,N′,N′-tetraphenyl-benzidine core, and achieved impressive PCEs of 10.29% and 13.10% respectively in TPBS- and TPBC-based devices without any doping.Recently, Sun and coworkers fabricated FTO/bl-TiO2/mp-TiO2/MAPbI3−xClx/HTM/Ag-based perovskite solar cells using two carbazole-based small molecules X19 and X51 as HTMs. | What is the value of PCE? | 13421 |
{
"text": [
"18.05mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.04.049 | After the incorporation of the 3D self-branching anatase TiO2 nanorod, the Jsc was dramatically improved from 13.25 to 18.05mA/cm2, and increased by 36% while the high Voc was still maintained, producing an excellent PCE of 9.5%. | What is the value of Jsc? | 1841 |
{
"text": [
"15.7%"
],
"answer_start": [
579
]
} | 10.1016/j.cej.2017.07.160 | The photocurrent density-voltage (J-V) curves of perovskite solar cells with Ti doped MoO2 ((e)) indicate that the Ti doped MoO2 HTM based device has 1.01 V open-circuit voltage (Voc), 20.0 mA/cm2 short-circuit current density (Jsc), 75.9% fill factor (FF), and 15.3% power conversion efficiency (η) for forward scan condition and 1.02 V Voc, 20.1 mA/cm2 Jsc, 77.3% FF, and 15.8% η for reverse scan condition, whereas the pristine MoO2 HTM based one has 1.01 V Voc, 19.7 mA/cm2 Jsc, 75.8% FF, and 15.1% η for forward scan condition and 1.01 V Voc, 19.9 mA/cm2 Jsc, 78.2% FF, and 15.7% η for reverse scan condition. | What is the value of η? | 1955 |
{
"text": [
"5.57%"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.05.037 | The DSSC devices with pCPPR dye exhibited high PCE of 5.57% with a short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC) of 15.12mA/cm2, an open-circuit photovoltage (VOC) of 0.71V and a fill factor (FF) of 0.52 under simulated AM 1.5G irradiation (100mW/cm2). | What is the value of PCE? | 27504 |
{
"text": [
"11.1%"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.10.066 | When the black dye was used as sensitizer and I−/I3− as redox electrolyte, the η of 11.1% is obtained It is believed that the photoelectrochemical properties of DSSCs are correlated with the dye adsorption amount, photogenerated electron injection drive force and interface charge transfer rate. | What is the value of η? | 52456 |
{
"text": [
"0.25cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.09.133 | The active area of DSSCs was 5×5mm (0.25cm2). | What is the value of active area? | 29177 |
{
"text": [
"61.7%"
],
"answer_start": [
252
]
} | 10.1039/C5EE03620H | As listed in Table 1, the device with a photoactive area of 25 mm2 gives a PCE of 12.9% (Voc = 0.92 V, Jsc = 19.4 mA cm−2 and FF = 72.3%) and the PCE for the device with a photoactive area of 100 mm2 is 10.8% (Voc = 0.93 V, Jsc = 18.9 mA cm−2 and FF = 61.7%), indicating that the quality of the perovskite film does not decline with the increase in the photoactive area. | What is the value of FF? | 17042 |
{
"text": [
"0.15406"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} | 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.11.004 | Finally, both the electrodes are sandwiched together and small amount of redox electrolyte (Iodolyte HI 30) was injected into the electrodes to complete the cell.Powder X-ray diffraction measurement for the TiO2 NRs was performed on a X′Pert PRO high resolution X-ray diffractometer (PANalytical, Netherlands) with CuKα radiation (λ=0.15406 nm) to determine the crystal structure and phase purity of the TiO2 NRs. | What is TiO2? | 47838 |