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Running from 16–31 December 2015, an estimated 150,000 people passed through the V&A site on New Year's Eve. Promoting light in the built environment was a special focus of the International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD). As well as hosting a special event during the LightFair conference in New York, United States of America, on 5 May 2015 that included UNESCO representation, the IALD regional chapters hosted over 100 other events in 2015. Another event on this themes was the Light Middle East conference in Dubai (United Arab Emirates) from 6–8 October 2015 that saw over 6,000 visitors from 85 different countries.
IYL 2015 also saw the launch of the International VELUX Award for students of architecture to encourage and challenge students to explore the theme of daylight which by March 2016 had attracted more than 5,000 student registrations from 97 countries. Other themes involving different aspects of light and architecture linked light and gardens. The Gardens of Light project aimed to promote historic gardens and museums around the world and was part of the Festival of Light from 2–30 August 2015 at the Royal Łazienki Park in Warsaw (Poland) receiving around 70,000 visitors. In the UK, a Garden of Light celebrating the IYL 2015 designed by the University of Southampton won the People's' Choice Award at the RHS Tatton Park Flower Show, which was held from 22–26 July, and was featured on the BBC Two channel.
Also in the UK, the e-Luminate Wine Tasting Light Experiment took place in Cambridge on 17 February 2016 to examine the effect of lighting on the perception of the taste and aroma of wine (with red and blue light seen to have a more beneficial effect). Art and Museums Many artists and museums worldwide embraced IYL 2015, both through drawing attention to the International Year in the frame of their exhibits and displays, or through participation in activities organised with other partners that created new synergies between different communities. A major event in the Netherlands used technology developed for exoplanet research to project a rainbow arch on the Amsterdam Centraal railway station.
Developed by Studio Roosegaarde, Leiden University, and North Carolina State University, the Rainbow Station projection ran every day in 2015 and was seen by an estimated 50 million people. In the frame of COP21 and IYL 2015, the Human Energy project allowed participants to generate power through running, dance, and cycling etc. to light up the Eiffel Tower. Another project during COP21 was Phares, a beacon of light sculpture installed at the Place de La Concorde. Elsewhere in France, the largest artistic sundial in Europe was inaugurated on 21 June 2015 to mark the Summer Solstice during IYL 2015 In Germany, the Centre for International Light Art in Unna awarded the first International Light Art Award on 22 January 2015.
The event also included a scientific introduction to the main themes of IYL 2015. An exhibition Sorolla: The Art of Light ran in Madrid from 14 July 2015 to 18 January 2016 displaying works by the Spanish painter Joaquín Sorolla, analysing his techniques that gave him the reputation of "the painter of light." During the year, the Prado Museum in Madrid also hosted a documentary where researchers linked the themes of IYL 2015 to the museum displays. In France, Au Prisme d'Augustin Fresnel was a one-day event at the Louvre in Paris on 2 November 2015 on art and the development of impressionism in the 19th Century.
Light and Dark Matters was a series of events organised by the Tate Modern art gallery and Founding Partner IOP in London from 20–21 November 2015, bringing together artists, scientists, philosophers and the public to share experiences on light. The Museum of Light in Mexico City ran many events in 2015, including lectures and displays, outreach for children and teachers, and the Beyond Light exhibit prepared for the National Science Week that took place from 7–13 November 2015. The Museum of Contemporary Art Australia in Sydney ran the Light Show exhibition from 16 April-5 July 2015 and developed accompanying events for IYL 2015 including public lectures and interactive exhibits.
An overlapping exhibit, Luminous, featured works by indigenous artists. A feature of events in South Africa was the inclusion of a strong art and science programme in remote regions of the country, derelict buildings, and construction sites. Photography Many photography contests in the framework of the IYL 2015 attracted thousands of entries from around the world. Such contests were held on the local level (e.g. in Norway and Uruguay), on the national level (India, which involved over 1,000 schools), and internationally (SPIE's IYL 2015 Photo Contest). Literature Light has always been a theme of inspiration for literature, and events linking light and the written word were also frequent during 2015.
The UK's National Poetry Day on 8 October 2015 adopted the theme of light with the sharing of publicly submitted poems and a free book, LIGHT – A National Poetry Day Anthology. Australia's National Science Channel RiAus organized a scientific haiku contest to reflect the National Science Week theme Making waves – the science of light. IYL 2015 activities in Rio de Janeiro were closed with the Light for Poets series of public conferences. In the Russian Federation, the Words & Light Anthology received entries from more than 400 authors from 19 countries. Theatre and Film Several partners developed special theatrical shows for IYL 2015.
The Amazing Theatre of Physics in the Czech Republic visited many schools with their play explaining the physics behind light. Looking for Ibn Al-Haytham was the title of a musical performed in Toledo by the IES Princesa Galiana, a Spanish high school. The student theatre group of the Université de Franche-Comté in France ran a series of outreach events all year, including Eclats a specially written performance on light and its properties. Over 100 short videos and/or documentaries related to the theme of light or especially commissioned for IYL 2015 were released during 2015. The short film 1001 Inventions and the World of Ibn Al-Haytham premiered at the 12th Dubai Film Festival on December 2015 and represented the last film of the late renowned Egyptian actor Omar Sharif.
Einstein's Light by film maker Nickolas Barris and Leiden University described the innovative spirits of Albert Einstein and Hendrik Lorentz. Excerpts served as the official trailer for the IYL 2015 worldwide, and the premiere was held on 2 November 2015 during the Leiden International Film Festival. The French-German television channel ARTE developed a series of ten episodes called Avatars de Lumière dedicated to light-based technologies. A film series commissioned by Physics World (IOP), Light in our Lives, covered applications of light and light-based technologies, with an international dimension reflecting the countries where they were produced – the UK, India, France, Mexico, and the USA.
Also in the UK, The Open University, the South East Physics Network and the Royal Astronomical Society created an animation to celebrate the anniversaries commemorated during IYL 2015. Cinema Festivals around the world also decided to align their themes with the IYL 2015, including the Science Film Festival and the IYL 2015 Film Festival. Other Festivals included: the VerCiência International Festival of Science TV in Brazil, the 2nd Ethnografilm Festival in Paris, and the CINEMISTICA 2015 Film Festival in Spain. Links to a selection of these songs are available from the IYL 2015 YouTube Channel and from the IYL 2015 website.
Music Seven original compositions have been inspired by the IYL 2015 and have been featured in events ranging from the Opening Ceremony at UNESCO HQ to local conferences in events in over 50 countries worldwide. Bruce Adolphe composed the score for the Nickolas Barris film Einstein's Light. The violinist for the soundtrack was Joshua Bell, performing with pianist Marija Stroke. The École Polytechnique and composer Jérôme Musiani released Step into the Light performed by Vince McClenny. Rainbow of Light was written by Linda Lamon and sung by soprano Katerina Mina. Shine is a dedication to Ibn Al-Haytham, and features on Sami Yusuf's score for Ahmed Salim's film 1001 Inventions and the World of Ibn Al-Haytham starring Omar Sharif.
Faro de Estrellas was a song composed and arranged by the Italian duo Jalisse based on lyrics by Sandra von Borries in Spanish submitted as part of the IYL 2015 Light Song Contest. In Time of Light with words and music from PJ Moore was an electronic oratorio in celebration of James C. Maxwell. The song C'è Luce was released as part of an IYL 2015 project in Italy by the Andare oltre si può association which promotes societal inclusion for people with Down syndrome. Links to videos of these songs are available from the IYL 2015 YouTube Channel and from the IYL 2015 website.
Publications Print and online publications ranging from scientific journals to newspapers and in-flight magazines released special content on the IYL 2015, permitting an extremely wide reach to the wider public. In the scientific community, IYL 2015 learned society partners released a number of special publications throughout the year to raise awareness of IYL 2015 themes and topics (e.g. APS, DPG, EPS, IOP, OSA, SFO, SFP, SPIE, and others). Other special issues include the Cuban Physical Journal and the leading Russian journal Optics and Spectroscopy. Publishers such as Elsevier, Springer, and Wiley also published special IYL 2015 issues or editorials. Nature Publishing Group and the Nature journals released articles and content that was updated throughout the IYL 2015.
Nature Middle East published an interesting editorial at the end of 2015 discussing how Ibn Al-Haytham's legacy of scientific scepticism should be emulated across the Arab World. The IYL 2015 Media Partners published many special publications over the IYL 2015. The most prominent were featured in IYL 2015 Optics Bookshelf on the IYL 2015 website. Several books were released on the themes of IYL 2015; Celebrating Light and Inspired by Light: Reflections from the International Year of Light 2015 from SPIE; a children's book on Ibn Al-Haytham from 1001 Inventions and National Geographic; Kim Arcand and Megan Watzke - Light: Beyond the Bulb coordinators - presented a visual exploration of the power and behavior of light in Light: The Visible Spectrum and Beyond; and The Wonders of Light - from Marta García-Matos and Lluís Torner also depicts the spectacular power of light.
Other commemorations The IYL 2015 was also celebrated in many other ways combining art, science, and innovative approaches to raising awareness with the general public. The IYL 2015 logo was projected widely, including on The Globe of Science and Innovation at CERN, and was also the subject of large-scale light painting by the Light Painting World Alliance in Oviedo, Spain and on the North Sea in Germany. On a different scale altogether, a micron-scale logo was fabricated using advanced plasmonic colour laser printing technology at the Technical University of Denmark. Other innovative ways in which the IYL 2015 logo appeared was as a hologram prepared for laser pointers, inside cakes, drawn with machine vision-robotic control, and included in a special design for a reindeer- themed Christmas decoration that was placed on the Christmas Tree outside the UK Prime Minister's residence at 10 Downing Street.
The IYL 2015 was celebrated in philately with stamps from 26 different countries: Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Grenada, Guyana, Israel, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Liechtenstein, Maldives, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Montserrat, Portugal, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Sao Tomé and Principe, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Spain, The United Kingdom, Uruguay, and Vatican City. The stamps depicted key IYL 2015 themes such as Cosmic Light (Sierra Leone), light pollution awareness (Gambia), optical phenomena (Sierra Leone), and light-based technologies (UK). The stamp from Liechtenstein included features that allowed hands-on experiments on light to be performed, and received the prestigious Red Dot design award in 2015.
Other countries such as Romania issued special postmarks whilst stamps from countries such as Ghana and the Netherlands included related topics in science and lighting. San Marino and Spain also issued commemorative coins, the latter being the first official Spanish coin minted in colour. In other unexpected domains, national lottery tickets in Spain and Mexico included the IYL 2015 logo, and the International Year of Light was an inspiration to design a series of limited edition Art Label bottles for Campari. See also International observance 2015 in science References Further reading "EPS President John Dudley explains the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies", SPIE.TV video interview, February 2014.
"International Year of Light -- Sustainability, Development, Education, History, Youth" - SPIE IYL page External links International Year of Light (official website) IYL 2015 Blog (official blog) IYL 2015 Opening Ceremony (official video) International Year of Light — Astronoo 2015 XPHOTON OPEN INNOVATION CHALLENGE Pianeta Montefiore - Progetto Penuel Category:2015 in science Category:2015 in international relations Light, International Year of Category:Science commemorations
St. John's Institution (; abbreviated SJI) is a public all-boys school (sixth form is co-ed) and is one of the oldest schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The school is widely known by its initials SJI and the students of St John's Institution bear the name Johannians. The school is named after Jean-Baptiste de la Salle, the founder of the De La Salle Christian Brothers Order and also known as the Patron Saint of Teachers. SJI consists of a primary school and a secondary school. The primary and secondary schools initially were fee paying missionary schools. They functioned together until the increase in enrolment of pupils led to a separation of the primary school in 1960.
The primary schools are formally known in Malay today as Sekolah Kebangsaan St. John (1) and Sekolah Kebangsaan St. John (2) while the secondary school was called Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan St. John, but it was announced in April 2016 that the name would be reverted to St John's Institution, a decision widely applauded by alumni and backed by another Johannian Sultan Nazrin Shah of Perak. SJI is among the first 30 schools selected into the Cluster School scheme when it was first introduced in 2007 by the Ministry of Education, Malaysia. The La Sallian Brothers and the Board of Governors still hold much autonomy over management of the secondary school compared to the Malaysian Ministry of Education.
This has allowed the secondary school to maintain a certain amount of prestige. Though the school land is owned by the Roman Catholic Church (including St. John's Cathedral, Kuala Lumpur which is next to the school), much of the school funding is received from the Government of Malaysia. Site and architecture The main school building is located in Jalan Bukit Nanas, in the city centre of Kuala Lumpur, next to the Bukit Nanas forest reserve, giving it a lush surrounding. St. John's Primary Schools are located across the road from the main school building while the Convent Bukit Nanas, an Infant Jesus Sisters' school for the girls, the AIA building and the Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur are located further down the road.
The Fatima Kindergarten (housed in what is Kuala Lumpur's oldest catholic church and now converted into a community service centre) and the Roman Catholic St John's Cathedral are located on the road leading up to SJI. The school is famous for its imposing red and white-brick main building with Grecian-Spanish influences. It was gazetted as a National Heritage site by the Government of Malaysia on 21 May 2010. Administration The school has traditionally been headed by the Brothers of the La Sallian order, with a Brother Director (like a headmaster) and a Brother Supervisor (like a deputy headmaster). In recent years, the Brother Supervisor was replaced with three assistant principals, who are not in the La Sallian order.
Former Brother Directors are: The headship of the school passed to the laity in 2002 when Peter Yii Sing Chiu became the first non-brother and non-Catholic to head the school. Former principals include: Brothers who have served as headmasters of the primary school when it was split from the secondary school include Brother Patrick Arokiasamy, Brother Alban Tang and Brother Matthew Liew. History 1904 At the request of the Education Department and the then Bishop of Malacca, Mgr. Fee, the La Sallian Brothers opened a school in Kuala Lumpur. According to records, it started with an initial enrolment of 18 boys.
Three days before classes were to commence on 18 January, three Brothers arrived to take charge of the school – Brother Julian Francis from Hong Kong, Brother Andrew Corsini from Burma and Brother Cyril Alexander from Penang. The school building was a two-storey wooden structure, 80 feet long and 20 feet wide, with a brick pillar and a verandah facing the north. Later in the year, Brother James Gilbert arrived from Singapore to take the place of Brother Julian Francis as Brother Director of SJI. 1905 On 2 January, a Standard 7 was set up and entrusted to Brother Cyril Alexander.
With this new set-up, expansion was needed. So Father Renard lent to the school the house of the Chinese Catechist which was capable of holding one class and also an attap shed near the site. 1906 In June 1906, Brother Imier of Jesus, Provincial Visitor of the United States paid a visit to SJI. He later became Superior General in 1913. More classes were opened and accommodated on temporary structures. Finally the government provided a piece of land given to the mission for religious and educational purposes. On 3 November, the foundation stone for the new building was laid by Sir Henry Conway Belfield, Resident Councilor for Selangor.
1907 At the end of the year, the new building was advanced enough to be used for the Cambridge Examination for all the candidates of Kuala Lumpur. 1908 On 10 August, the new building was declared open by the High Commissioner and Governor, Sir John Anderson. 1914 The Brothers' Building was enlarged by the addition of two new wings which were to house the chapel and offices and the Juniorate and Novitiate. Brother Marcian Cullen was appointed Director of the newly formed Juniorate. 1921 Brother Stephen Edward Buckley demolished the Brothers' Building and replaced it with the present one, to which additions were made later.
1926 Brother Louis installed a statue of Jean Baptist De La Salle on the front facade of the Main Block. 1930 Brother Cornelius Nulty served as Brother Director from 1930 to 1946 and under his energetic management, many projects were brought to a successful conclusion. Brother Cornelius enlarged the playground, a project that was started by Brother Louis. He then turned his attention to the building of the hall which was finally completed in 1936 with the provision for two more storeys in the future. Brother Cornelius next built a new wing on the east side of the Brothers' Building, which became the Boarding Department (later De La Salle Institute, now St. John's International School) 1942–1945 During World War II, SJI was closed but crowds of refugees flocked to Brother Cornelius for help and stayed in the school for security.
When the war ended and peace returned, these refugees organised a scholarship fund to express gratitude to Brother Cornelius and to perpetuate his memory. 1948 Brother D. Joseph Brophy established La Salle Sentul, La Salle Brickfields, La Salle Peel Road and La Salle Klang, which were intended as feeder schools for St John's. In SJI, he renovated the school hall as well as built a new cafeteria, space staff room and offices. A modern library was furnished and equipped and an extensive P.A. system was installed. 1953 On 15 April, the first issue of the Term Review was on sale.
The Term Review was the predecessor to the current Editorial Board of The Garudamas, the school magazine. 1954 In the Golden Jubilee year, Brother D. Joseph achieved his final objective – the completion of the field extension. 1955 Brother Tiberius Lawrence Spitzig starts his first term as Brother Director of SJI. The Dramatic Society staged its second play, 'Twelfth Night', and the newly formed school orchestra made its first public appearance at the play's public performance in the hall. Brother Celestine (later, Brother Director) was responsible for the success of the play. 1956 Brother Lawrence renovated the school and added 14 classrooms at a cost of M$90,000 1957 General Sir Francis Festing, Commander-in-Chief of the Far East visited SJI.
1958 In accordance with a new government directive, a Board of Governors for the school was set up and the first meeting was held on 24 September. In the primary section, the Board of Managers held its first meeting on 13 March. 1959 His Excellency Mgr John Gordon, Chargé d'Affaires of the Apostolic Delegation of Thailand and Malaya visited SJI on 27 January. Construction of the St John's Primary School began on the site of the Old Boys' Club. The building could accommodate 24 classes and would cost M$220,000 1960 On 16 September, St John's Primary School was officially opened by Brother Fintan Blake.
The new chapel on the middle floor of SJI was officially opened and used on 19 October. 1963 The present school badge (designed by Brother Joseph McNally) was used, replacing the old badge by Brother Cornelius Nulty. 1965 The Form 5 Block (or Arts Block) was officiated by the Archbishop of Kuala Lumpur, Mgr. Dominic Vendargon on 22 August. 1967 The primary school hall, Dewan Tun Dr. Ismail was completed. A special ceremony was held to commemorate and dedicate the new hall on 15 February. 1969 Brother Joseph Yeoh, a former Johannian returned to become the Brother Director. He was the first Malaysian to head the school.
It was during his leadership that SJI achieved its glory years in academics and sports excellence. 1971 The Main Block was given its current red and white colour scheme. The school was previously painted completely white in the 1960s. 1976 Awards Day was introduced by Brother Joseph Yeoh to appreciate the service and achievements made by the students of SJI. 1979 Brother Lawrence Spitzig returned as director of the school and presided over the school's Diamond Jubilee celebrations. Bro. Lawrence re-introduced the annual English and Bahasa Malaysia public speaking competition to the school. Public speaking became part of the English and Bahasa Malaysia curriculum and was compulsory for all students, resulting in SJI having many enabled and proficient public speakers amongst the students.
1984 To kick off the 80th Anniversary of the founding of the school, Carnival Day and several projects were introduced to raise funds for the construction of a four-storey building adjacent to the science block to accommodate the lower and upper sixth form classes. This is the beginning of a series of fund raising projects initiated to upgrade the school and its facilities. Over the years, St John's has been blessed with generous contributions from its generations of former students and benefactors. 1988 The new Form 6 Block was built and named Bangunan Tan Sri Dominic Vendargon. 1994 The sports complex comprising a badminton hall, three squash courts, and concourse was officiated by Brother David Liao on 18 January.
2002 Brother Michael Wong, the last Brother Director of SJI retired, marking the end of the Brothers' directorship in SJI for 98 years. Mr. Peter Yii Sing Chiu, the first lay principal was appointed to head SJI. 2009 St. John's receives its second lay principal, Mr. Leong Kum Loy. 2010 St. John's is gazetted as a Heritage Site by the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage, Malaysia. St. John's receives its third lay principal, Mr. Lim Hean Hwa. He is a former student of St. John's under Brother Joseph Yeoh in the 1970s. 2011 The restored tower clock on the Main Block, dedicated to the late Brother Lawrence Spitzig, was unveiled and officiated by former principal, Mr. Leong Kum Loy, in conjunction of St. John's 107th Birthday on 18 January.
The project was an initiative by Megat Mizan Nicholas Denney, Chairman of the Board of Governors of St. John's. 2014 St. John's receives its first non-Christian lay principal, Dr. M. Puvanendran. He was a Senior Assistant from 2005 - 2010. 2016 St. John's Institution, one of the oldest secondary schools in Kuala Lumpur, has regained its right to be known by its old name and no longer as Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan St John. The La Sallian heritage As St John's was founded by the La Sallian Brothers, it is related to many other La Sallian schools located all over Malaysia and around the world.
These schools call each other brother schools and the La Sallian Heritage which binds them together. St. John's Alumni Association (SJAA) The St. John's Alumni Association Kuala Lumpur (1988) or SJAA was registered as an official body with the Registrar of Society Malaysia on 7th August 1989. SJAA was formed as a continuation of the previous St. John's Old Boys Association (SJOBA) and Old Johannians Association (OJA) to foster a feeling of brotherhood, mutual goodwill, understanding among the alumni of St. John's Institution Kuala Lumpur and other La Sallian Associations. The Alumni conducts its core activities and programs to promote social, cultural, education and sports activities for its members and the greater good of all Johannians.
Office of the SJAA consists of 14 Elected Members through its Annual General Meeting on a two-year term. Together with the other stakeholders of St. John's Institution Kuala Lumpur, members of the Main Committee sits on a monthly basis to oversee the running of the association, programs as well as matters relating to the well-being of the school and the Alumni members. Uniformed bodies Some of the school uniformed bodies are the St John's Cadet Corps (Pasukan Kadet Bersatu Malaysia), St John's Naval Cadet Band, St. John's Drama Team, St John Ambulance, Eagle Scout Group, Red Crescent Society, Police Cadets, and Kadet Remaja Sekolah.
Martial arts are also included in this category. They are the Taekwondo Club, Karate club, Fencing Club, Silat Gayung Club & Kendo Club. 8th Bukit Bintang KL Eagle Scout Group The 8th Bukit Bintang KL Eagle Scout Group was established in 1963. St John Ambulance of Malaysia (KL SJI A/C Div.) KL SJI A/C is a division under the St John Ambulance of Malaysia, part of an international voluntary service organisation dedicated to training and providing first aid skills. The division has had numerous achievements in competitions at the state and national levels, and continues to be a major contributor in voluntary first aid service around the capital.
St John's Institution Cadet Corps The St John's Institution Cadet Corps was established in 1915, one of the oldest cadet corps in Malaya. It is the oldest cadet corps in this school formed by Lt. Eric Chart. It was under the command of the British Military Somerset Light Infantry during the colonial days. St John's Institution Naval Cadet Band The St John's Institution Cadet Band was formed in 1916. The Cadet Band is also one of the few bands in Malaysia which include bagpipes in its ensemble. In 2005 the St John's Institution Cadet Band Alumni was registered as an alumni body representing ex-band members.
Today the members continues their passion through the formation of the Alumni Band, mainly Pipe and Drums, performing at private functions. In history, the band won their first title as 1st place in the "KL State Marching Band Competition 2009". In that year also, they were adopted by The Royal Navy Of Malaysia . St. John's Institution Drama Team The St John's Institution Drama Team or SJIDT was established in 2005. A revival of the original St. John's Institution Dramatic Society, which was discontinued in 1997 after a lack of productions. Currently under the purview of the Literature, Debate and Drama Club (LIDDRA), the drama team participates in various acting competitions both national and international.
Former members continue to contribute to performing arts in Malaysia. Sports St. John's also has sports clubs that are open to students namely rugby, archery, football, hockey, badminton, basketball, sepak takraw, fencing etc. St. John's has 5 sports houses namely the Blue House (Claude) - Fleur de Lis Red House (Cornelius) - Crown Green House (D'Joseph)- Star Brown House (Gilbert) - Bee Yellow House (Stephen) - Shamrock.
Notable Johannians Aizat Amdan, singer and songwriter Zeti Akhtar Aziz, seventh Governor of Bank Negara Malaysia Hishammuddin Hussein, Malaysian Minister of Defence Hans Isaac, actor, entrepreneur Harith Iskander, artist and stand-up comedian Chow Chee Keong, former national goalkeeper Faiz Khaleed, Military dentist, member of ANGKASA programme Abdul Ghani Minhat, national football player Farish A. Noor, political scientist and human rights activist Najib Razak, the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia Nazir Razak, Chairman, CIMB Group Syafiq Ridhwan, Asian Gold Medalist, World Bowling Champion Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah, Sultan of Selangor Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah, Sultan of Perak Afdlin Shauki, film director See also Saint John Baptist de La Salle De La Salle Christian Brothers Citations The school history is obtained from the Golden Jubilee school magazine (1954), Diamond Jubilee Souvenir book (1964), 75th Anniversary Commemorative book (1979) and 100 Years Centenary coffee table book (2004).
References External links St. John's Institution Category:Primary schools in Malaysia Category:Secondary schools in Malaysia Category:Educational institutions established in 1904 Category:Lasallian schools in Malaysia Category:Catholic schools in Malaysia Category:1904 establishments in British Malaya Category:Boys' schools in Malaysia Category:Publicly funded schools in Malaysia
Progressivism is a political philosophy in support of social reform. It is based on the idea of progress in which advancements in science, technology, economic development and social organization are vital to the improvement of the human condition. Meaning The meanings of progressivism have varied over time and from different perspectives. Progressivism became highly significant during the Age of Enlightenment in Europe, out of the belief that Europe was demonstrating that societies could progress in civility from uncivilized conditions to civilization through strengthening the basis of empirical knowledge as the foundation of society. Figures of the Enlightenment believed that progress had universal application to all societies and that these ideas would spread across the world from Europe.
In the modern era, a movement that identifies as progressive is "a social or political movement that aims to represent the interests of ordinary people through political change and the support of government actions" In the 21st century, those who identify as progressive may do so for a variety of reasons: for example, to favor public policy that reduces or ameliorates the harmful effects of economic inequality as well as systemic discrimination, to advocate for environmentally conscious policies, as well as for social safety nets and rights of workers, to oppose the negative externalities inflicted on the environment and society by monopolies or corporate influence on the democratic process.
The unifying theme is to call attention to the negative impacts of current institutions or ways of doing things, and to advocate for progress, that is, for positive change as defined by any of several standards, such expansion of democracy, increased social or economic equality, improved well being of a population, etc. The contemporary common political conception of progressivism in the culture of the Western world emerged from the vast social changes brought about by industrialization in the Western world in the late-19th century. Progressives now take the view that progress is being stifled by vast economic inequality between the rich and the poor; minimally regulated laissez-faire capitalism with monopolistic corporations; and intense and often violent conflict between workers and capitalists, thus claiming that measures were needed to address these problems.
Early-20th century progressivism was also tied to eugenics and the temperance movement, both of which were promoted in the name of public health, and were promoted as initiatives toward that goal. Contemporary progressives promote public policies that they believe will lead to positive social change. In philosophy and politics From the Enlightenment to the Industrial Revolution Immanuel Kant identified progress as being a movement away from barbarism towards civilization. 18th-century philosopher and political scientist Marquis de Condorcet predicted that political progress would involve the disappearance of slavery, the rise of literacy, the lessening of inequalities between the sexes, reforms of harsh prisons and the decline of poverty.
"Modernity" or "modernization" was a key form of the idea of progress as promoted by classical liberals in the 19th and 20th centuries who called for the rapid modernization of the economy and society to remove the traditional hindrances to free markets and free movements of people. Contemporary mainstream political conception In the late 19th century, a political view rose in popularity in the Western world that progress was being stifled by vast economic inequality between the rich and the poor, minimally regulated laissez-faire capitalism with out-of-control monopolistic corporations, intense and often violent conflict between workers and capitalists and a need for measures to address these problems.
Progressivism has influenced various political movements. Modern liberalism was influenced by liberal philosopher John Stuart Mill's conception of people being "progressive beings". British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli developed progressive conservatism under "one-nation" Toryism. In France, the space between social revolution and the socially-conservative laissez-faire centre-right was filled with the emergence of Radicalism, which thought that social progress required humanism, republicanism and anticlericalism, and which was until the mid twentieth-century the dominant influence on the centre left in many French- and Romance-speaking countries. Similarly in Imperial Germany, Chancellor Otto von Bismarck enacted various progressive social welfare measures out of conservative motivations to distance workers from the socialist movement of the time and as humane ways to assist in maintaining the Industrial Revolution.
Proponents of social democracy have identified themselves as promoting the progressive cause. The Roman Catholic Church encyclical Rerum novarum issued by Pope Leo XIII in 1891 condemned the exploitation of labour and urged support for labour unions and government regulation of businesses in the interests of social justice while upholding the rights of private property and criticizing socialism. A Protestant progressive outlook called the Social Gospel emerged in North America that focused on challenging economic exploitation and poverty and by the mid-1890s was common in many Protestant theological seminaries in the United States. In the United States, progressivism began as a social movement in the 1890s and grew into a political movement in what was known as the Progressive Era.
While the term "American progressives" represent a range of diverse political pressure groups (not always united), some American progressives rejected social Darwinism, believing that the problems society faced (poverty, violence, greed, racism and class warfare) could best be addressed by providing good education, a safe environment, and an efficient workplace. Progressives lived mainly in the cities, were college educated and believed that government could be a tool for change. American President Theodore Roosevelt of the Republican Party and later the Progressive Party declared that he "always believed that wise progressivism and wise conservatism go hand in hand". President Woodrow Wilson was also a member of the American progressive movement within the Democratic Party.
Progressive stances have evolved over time. Imperialism was a controversial issue within progressivism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the United States where some progressives supported American imperialism while others opposed it. In response to World War I, progressive President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points established the concept of national self-determination and criticized imperialist competition and colonial injustices; these views were supported by anti-imperialists in areas of the world that were resisting imperial rule. During the period of acceptance of economic Keynesianism (1930s to 1970s), there was widespread acceptance in many nations of a large role for state intervention in the economy.
With the rise of neoliberalism and challenges to state interventionist policies in the 1970s and 1980s, centre-left progressive movements responded by creating the Third Way that emphasized a major role for the market economy. There have been social democrats who have called for the social democratic movement to move past Third Way. Prominent progressive conservative elements in the British Conservative Party have criticized neoliberalism. See also Democracy Liberalism Progressive conservatism Progressive Era Progressive tax Progressivism in the United States Socialism Transhumanism Transhumanist politics References Bibliography Tindall, George and Shi, David E. America: A Narrative History. W W Norton & Co Inc; Full Sixth edition, 2003. .
Lakoff, George. Don't Think of an Elephant: Know Your Values and Frame the Debate. Chelsea Green Publishing, 2004. . Kelleher, William J. Progressive Logic: Framing A Unified Field Theory of Values For Progressives. The Empathic Science Institute, 2005. . Kloppenberg, James T.. Uncertain Victory: Social Democracy and Progressivism in European and American Thought, 1870–1920. Oxford University Press, US, 1988. . Link, Arthur S. and McCormick, Richard L.. Progressivism (American History Series). Harlan Davidson, 1983. . McGerr, Michael. A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870–1920. 2003. Schutz, Aaron. Social Class, Social Action, and Education: The Failure of Progressive Democracy.
Palgrave, Macmillan, 2010. . Tröhler, Daniel. Progressivism. In book: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. Oxford University Press, 2017. External links Progressivism — entry at the Encyclopædia Britannica Category:Critical thinking Category:Democratic socialism Category:History of ideas Category:Justice Category:Philosophy of education Category:Political ideologies Category:Political movements Category:Social change Category:Social democracy Category:Social liberalism Category:Social movements Category:Sociocultural evolution theory
Ajay Rathnam is an Indian film and television actor who has worked predominantly in Tamil films and serials. He has acted in over 400 films in 5 languages. Career Rathnam made his acting debut with the horror film Naalai Manithan (1989) in which he played the role of a monster. He has appeared in one episode of the TV serial Marmadesam (Vidathu Karuppu). He played the role of the leader of the fictional LTF rebels in the Hindi film Madras Cafe (2013). His character bore a close resemblance to the late LTTE leader Velupillai Prabhakaran. Other works Rathnam has been an abettor conducting motivational seminars for the students at various colleges.
In 2018, he launched his badminton academy named "V Square" in Chennai. In 2019, he launched "V Square" Sports Arena in Mogappair. Personal life His son Dheeraj Vishnu Rathnam is also an actor who made his debut with Arivazhagan's Aarathu Sinam (2016). Filmography Television References External links Category:Living people Category:Tamil male television actors Category:Tamil male actors Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema Category:Indian male film actors Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema Category:20th-century Indian male actors Category:21st-century Indian male actors Category:Indian male television actors Category:1958 births
The Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale (MVSN, "Voluntary Militia for National Security"), commonly called the Blackshirts (, CCNN, singular: Camicia Nera) or squadristi (singular: squadrista), was originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party, known as the Squadrismo, and after 1923 an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy under Fascist rule, similar to the SA in Nazi Germany. Its members were distinguished by their black uniforms (modelled on those of the Arditi, Italy's elite troops of World War I) and their loyalty to Benito Mussolini, the Duce (leader) of Fascism, to whom they swore an oath. The founders of the paramilitary groups were nationalist intellectuals, former army officers and young landowners opposing peasants' and country labourers' unions.
Their methods became harsher as Mussolini's power grew, and they used violence and intimidation against Mussolini's opponents. In 1943, following the fall of the Fascist regime, the MVSN was integrated into the Royal Italian Army and disbanded. History The Blackshirts were established as the Squadrismo in 1919 and consisted of many disgruntled former soldiers. It was given the task of leading fights against their bitter enemies – the Socialists. They may have numbered 200,000 by the time of Mussolini's March on Rome from 27 to 29 October 1922. In 1922 the squadristi were reorganized into the milizia and formed numerous bandiere, and on 1 February 1923 the Blackshirts became the Voluntary Militia for National Security (Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, or MVSN), which lasted until the 8 September 1943 Armistice of Cassibile.
The Italian Social Republic, located in the areas of northern Italy occupied by Germany, reformed the MVSN on 8 December 1943 into the National Republican Guard (Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana, or GNR). Organization Benito Mussolini was the leader, or Commandant–General and First Honorary Corporal, of the Blackshirts, but executive functions were carried out by the Chief of Staff, equivalent to an army general. The MVSN was formed in imitation of the ancient Roman army, as follows: Basic organization The terms after the first are not words common to European armies (e.g., the Italian battaglione has cognates in many languages). Instead, they derive from the structure of the ancient Roman army.
Zona (zone) = division Legione (legion) = regiment, each legion was a militia unit consisting of a small active cadre and a large reserve of civilian volunteers. Coorte (cohort) = battalion Centuria (centuria) = company Manipolo (maniple) = platoon Squadra (squad) = squad These units were also organized on the triangular principle as follows: 3 squadre = 1 manipolo (maniple) 3 manipoli = 1 centuria (centuria) 3 centuriae = 1 coorte (cohort) 3 coorti = 1 legione (legion) 3 legioni = 1 divisioni (field division) 3 or more legioni = 1 zona (zone – an administrative division) Territorial organization The MVSN original organization consisted of 15 zones controlling 133 legions (one per province) of three cohorts each and one Independent Group controlling 10 legions.
In 1929 it was reorganized into four raggruppamenti, but later in October 1936 it was reorganized into 14 zones controlling only 133 legions with two cohorts each, one of men 21 to 36 years old and the other of men up to 55 years old. There were also special units in Rome, on Ponza Island and the black uniformed ("The Leader's Musketeers", Mussolini's Guard), the Albanian Fascist Militia (four legions) and Milizia Coloniale in Africa (seven legions).
Security militia Special militias were also organized to provide security police and gendarmerie functions, these included: Forestry Militia Frontier Militia Highway Militia Port Militia Posts and Telegraph Militia Railway Militia University Militia Anti-aircraft and Coastal Artillery Militia, a combined command which controlled two militias: Anti-Aircraft Militia Coastal Artillery Militia Standards The standards of each of the units of the Blackshirts, save for the Moschettieri del Duce, which carried a small standard in black similar to those of the regular armed forces, were a modernized form of the standards (Vexillum) used by the old Roman army.
Abyssinian Campaign During the 1935–36 Second Italo-Abyssinian War against Ethiopia, seven CCNN Divisions were organized: 1st (23rd March) CCNN Division 2nd (28th October) CCNN Division 3rd (21st April) CCNN Division 4th (3rd January) CCNN Division 5th (1st Febbraio) CCNN Division 6th (Tevere) CCNN Division The first six Divisions were sent to Ethiopia and participated in the war and in the Italian war crimes in Ethiopia. 7th (Cirene) CCNN Division – The 7th CCNN Division "Cirene" was never deployed overseas or even fully equipped before it was disbanded. Division organization Organization on 3 October 1935 Divisional HQ 3 x Legions each with: Legion HQ 1 Legionary Machine Gun Company with 16 machine guns 2 Legionary Infantry Battalions, each with: 1 Machine Gun Company with 8x 8mm Breda machine guns and 3 Infantry Companies each with 9 light machine guns and 3x 45mm mortars 1 pack-artillery battery with 4x 65mm L17 each.
1 x Artillery Battalion (Army) with 3 batteries (65/17) 1 x Engineers company (mixed Army and Blackshirts) 2 x Replacements Battalions (1 Infantry, 1 Mixed) 1 x Medical Section 1 x Logistics Section (food) 1 x Pack-Mules unit (1600 mules) 1 x Mixed Trucks unit (80 light trucks) The Blackshirts Rifle Battalions had three rifle companies but no MMG company. The rifle companies had three platoons (three squads with one LMG each). Each Legion had a MMG company with four platoons of three weapons each (plus two spare ones). The Blackshirts replacements battalions were organized as the Blackshirts Rifle Battalions, but its platoon were overstrength (60 men each) and with only 1 x LMG in each platoon.
Organization on 10 June 1940 Division Command 2 Black Shirt Legions - each 3 Battalions 1 81mm Mortar Company 1 Accompanying Battery 65mm/17 Mtn guns 1 Machine Gun Battalion 1 Artillery Regiment: 2 Artillery Groups 1 Artillery Group 2 AA Batteries 20mm 1 Mixed Engineering Battalion 1 Ambulance Section Sanita 3 Field Hospitals (Planned when available) 1 Supply Section 1 Section Mixed Transport Leadership Spanish Civil War Three CCNN Divisions were sent to participate in the Spanish Civil War as part of the Corpo Truppe Volontarie. The Blackshirt (Camicie Nere, or CCNN) Divisions contained regular soldiers and volunteer militia from the Fascist Party.
The CCNN divisions were semi-motorised. 1st CCNN Division "Dio lo Vuole" ("God Wills it") 2nd CCNN Division "Fiamme Nere" ("Black Flames") 3rd CCNN Division "Penne Nere" ("Black Feathers") The 3rd CCNN Division was disbanded and consolidated with the 2nd CCNN Division in April 1937 after their defeat at Guadalajara. After the campaigns in Northern Spain ended in October 1937, the 2nd CCNN Division was consolidated with the 1st CCNN and renamed the XXIII de Marzo Division "Llamas Negras". World War II In 1940 the MVSN was able to muster 340,000 first-line combat troops, providing three divisions (1st, 2nd and 4th – all three of which were lost in the North African Campaign) and, later in 1942, a fourth division ("M") and fifth division Africa were forming.
Mussolini also pushed through plans to raise 142 MVSN combat battalions of 650 men each to provide a Gruppo di Assalto to each army division. These Gruppi consisted of two cohorts (each of three centuriae of three manipoli of two squadre each) plus Gruppo Supporto company of two heavy machine gun manipoli (with three HMG each) and two 81 mm mortar manipoli (with three Mortars each). Later 41 Mobile groups were raised to become the third regiment in Italian Army divisions as it was determined through operational experience that the Italian army's binary divisions were too small in both manpower and heavy equipment.
These mobile groups suffered heavy casualties due to being undermanned, under equipped and under trained. In 1941, Mussolini decided to create 22 highly trained combat battalions called "M" Battalions. These battalions were given the designation M alongside their names in the Army OOB to indicate their status; that they had received specialist assault and combat training, or had proven themselves in combat and had received a battlefield promotion to this status. By the end of the Fascist regime only 11 battalions had been fully formed. The MVSN fought in every theater where Italy did. Appearance The Blackshirts wore the same uniform as the Italian army with the addition of a black shirt and tie and a black fez.
The uniform jacket had black flames with two ends on the collar in place of the insignia and the lictor bundles instead of the army's stars . There was an all-black dress uniform worn by some officers and the Moschettieri del Duce ("The Leader's Musketeers", Mussolini's Guard). Ranks With translated material from the corresponding Italian Wikipedia article Mussolini as Comandante Generale was made Primo Caporale Onorario (First Honorary Corporal) in 1935 and Adolf Hitler was made Caporale Onorario (Honorary Corporal) in 1937. All other ranks closely approximated those of the old Roman army as follows.
Officers Other Ranks Legacy The ethos and sometimes the uniform were later copied by others who shared Mussolini's political ideas, including Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany, who issued brown shirts to the "Storm Troops" (Sturmabteilung) and black uniforms to the "Defense Squad" (Schutzstaffel, also colloquially known as "Brownshirts", because they wore black suit-like tunics with brown shirts), Sir Oswald Mosley in the United Kingdom (whose British Union of Fascists were also known as the "Blackshirts"), the Warriors for the Advancement of the Bulgarian National Spirit who wore red shirts, William Dudley Pelley in the United States (Silver Legion of America or "Silver Shirts"), in Mexico the Camisas Doradas or "Golden Shirts", Plínio Salgado in Brazil (whose followers wore green shirts), and Eoin O'Duffy in the Irish Free State (Army Comrades Association or "Blueshirts").
"Blueshirts" can also refer to Canadian fascists belonging to the Canadian National Socialist Unity Party and to the members of Falange Española, the most influential party within Franco's dictatorship in Spain. The paramilitary fascist Iron Guard members in Romania and the fascist Yugoslav Radical Union wore green shirts. After the Armistice of Cassibile was signed, the Blackshirts were dissolved; in the pro-fascist Italian Social Republic they were replaced by the National Republican Guard and the Black Brigades in the militia role, alongside the Republican Police Corps.
See also Blackshirts – Albania Redshirts – Bulgaria Blueshirts – Canada Blue Shirts – China (Kuomintang) Brownshirts – Nazi Germany Blackshirts – Nazi Germany Gestapo – Nazi Germany Blueshirts – Ireland Greenshirts – Ireland Greenshirts – United Kingdom Greenshirts – Yugoslavia Greenshirts – Brazil Redshirts – Italy Redshirts – Mexico Goldshirts – Mexico Greyshirts – ethnically Dutch South Africans Greenshirts – Romania Blackshirts – United Kingdom Silvershirts – United States Black Brigades Italian Social Republic Portuguese Legion Yokusan Sonendan – Japan General Militia Paramilitary Political color Political uniform Squadrismo Integralismo Black Shortsparody of the blackshirts in the writings of P.G.
Wodehouse Notes External links Axis History Factbook/Italy/Militia Comando Supremo Category:1919 establishments in Italy Category:1943 disestablishments in Italy Category:Clothing in politics Category:Military wings of political parties Category:Government paramilitary forces Category:Paramilitary organisations based in Italy Category:Fascist organizations
Germany's Next Topmodel, season 10 is the tenth season of the show that is aired on the German television network ProSieben. The show began to air on 12 February 2015 under the catch phrase Celebrate Beauty. The judging panel consists of Thomas Hayo and Wolfgang Joop. Kristian Schuller served as exclusive featured photographer for this season. The prizes included a modeling contract with OneEins GmbH Management, a spread and cover in the German Cosmopolitan, a €100,000 cash prize and an Opel Adam. The international destinations for this cycle were Los Angeles, Oahu, Miami, New York City, Milan, London, Dubai, Auckland, Malé and Paris.
Episode summaries Episode 1: Scouting Berlin and Cologne Original airdate: 12 February 2015 The first episode of Germany's Next Topmodel 2015 starts in Berlin, where host Heidi Klum and her fellow regular judge Thomas Hayo pick up the third judge, Wolfgang Joop, at his home to board the Germany's Next Topmodel coach. Casting begins, inviting individual contestants with a personal pick-up and the episode ends with a mass-casting in Cologne. Episode 2: Scouting Nuremberg, Ingolstadt and Munich Original airdate: 19 February 2015 In the second episode, Heidi and Thomas continue their casting trip throughout Nuremberg and Ingolstadt. Live auditions take place and some girls receive a wildcard which guarantees a position in the competition.
Later, the last auditions are being held in Munich as a mass casting. Episode 3: Wrapping castings and first show Original airdate: 26 February 2015 Third episode chronicles the wrapping of mass castings in Munich. Heidi, Thomas and Wolfgang challenge their select girls with a first runway show for a Turkish designer, the difficult part: the runway is filled with loose gravel. The episode ends with eliminations for a final group of girls, now heading for Los Angeles in the next episode. Episode 4: The Big Make-over (Das große Umstyling) Original airdate: 5 March 2015 Upon arrival in Los Angeles, the girls get to know their accommodation during the next weeks, are asked to select a "group leader" and Heidi later gathers them in a nondescript warehouse for the big style and hair makeover, ending in tears, especially for Erica.
Quit: Annabel Paasch & Sarah Kocar Eliminated: Ariana Xhatova & Laura Weidner Featured photographer: Kristian Schuller Episode 5: The First Shooting (Das erste Shooting) Original airdate: 12 March 2015 The color yellow is the theme of this week's shooting for Cosmopolitan. In turn each of the girls is photographed as part of a small group on a Los Angeles back-lot. Heidi and the judges reveal a new mode of operation in this year's GNTM edition: Under the moniker "World of Topmodel", each week some of the girls are sent to real castings in diverse locations across the globe - this week, three contestants are sent to London, to audition for a job offered by a German lifestyle magazine.
Booked for job: Laura Dünninger & Katharina Wandrowsky Bottom Four: Adriane Sutsch, Daniela Wolking, Lena Stockhausen & Sandy Provazek Eliminated: Adriane Sutsch Featured photographer: Kristian Schuller Episode 6: In Dizzy Height (In schwindelerregender Höhe) Original airdate: 19 March 2015 An L.A. airport serves as the location for the "Helicopter Shoot", a remake of a photo challenge from a previous cycle. This week's "World of Topmodel" job is in Dubai and three girls fly over, one being handicapped with bruised knees injured during the helicopter shoot just before leaving.
Booked for job: Ajsa Selimovic & Varisa Caluk Eliminated: Jovana Bulic & Lena Stockhausen Bottom Two: Daniela Wolking & Sara Faste Eliminated: Daniela Wolking Featured photographer: Kristian Schuller Episode 7: Body painting (Das Bodypainting) Original airdate: 26 March 2015 This week's "World of Topmodel" holds a one-day-trip to Oahu, Hawaii for three of the girls: among them Erica, who is not selected in the casting for Surfer Magazine's photo shoot and resorts to drama. Back in L.A. the troupe is faced with the next photo challenge: a colorful body-painting shooting in a West L.A. studio loft. Overshadowed by Erica's bad mood, the girls blame her for ruining the shooting for all of them.
The episode ends with the obligatory "live walk", the challenge here is the catwalk is suspended between a stack of sea shipping container, 42 ft above ground. Judge Wolfgang Joop is absent for the entire episode. Booked for job: Darya Strelnikova & Jüli Ürküt Challenge winner/Immune from elimination: Anuthida Ploypetch & Jüli Ürküt Eliminated: Irene Pichler & Neele Busse Bottom Two: Erica Santos Silva & Lisa Bärmann Eliminated: None Featured photographer: Kristian Schuller Episode 8: Underwater (Unter Wasser) Original airdate: 2 April 2015 "World of Topmodel" is a casting for a blouse manufacturer in Milan, Italy.
Three challenges follow: an underwater / water-tank shoot with Schuller, where Kiki, Katharina and Anuthida produce great pictures, a "water-splashing" shoot with a stunt driver on an L.A. parking lot, where Varisa and Vanessa win themselves immunity, and the usual live walk on 8th & Hope's Helipad, combined with a styling game where each of the girls is asked to select an outfit for her teammate. Wolfgang Joop is absent for the entire episode (reported sick). Booked for job: Varisa Caluk Challenge winner/Immune from elimination: Vanessa Fuchs & Varisa Caluk Eliminated: Erica Santos Silva Bottom Two: Lisa Bärmann & Sandy Provazek Eliminated: None Featured photographer: Kristian Schuller Special guests: Erin Wasson Episode 9: Pure adrenaline (Adrenalin pur) Original airdate: 9 April 2015 Kristian Schuller stages an American Football shoot.
The "World of Topmodel" trip is a flight to Auckland, New Zealand, where Anuthida, Darya, Jüli, Katharina and Vanessa attend a casting for an editorial and cover shoot for Remix Magazine, with Darya and Anuthida booked, and compete for a gig as catwalk model presenting Heidi Klum's own brand of lingerie, where Darya, Anuthida and Katharina are booked, with Anuthida being chosen to close the show. The episode centers on drama, as one of the girls is said to be mobbing everyone allegedly. At panel the girls have the opportunity to save one girl. Jüli is saved with having one more vote than Sandy.
Sandy and Varisa are eliminated for their weak performance during this week. Booked for job: Anuthida Ploypetch, Darya Strelnikova & Katharina Wandrowsky Immune from elimination: Jüli Ürküt Bottom Two: Sandy Provazek & Vanessa Fuchs Eliminated: Sandy Provazek Second Bottom Two: Laura Dünninger & Varisa Caluk Eliminated: Varisa Caluk Featured photographer: Kristian Schuller Special guests: Toni Garrn Episode 10: Bubble Gum Original airdate: 16 April 2015 Heidi opens the episode with a so-called Out-of-bed challenge - each girl is being photographed just after waking up. World of Topmodel is a cover shoot for Shape magazine, executed later on in Miami, FL, after a casting in L.A, where Laura, Darya and Kiki reach the second round.
Kristian Schuller does a camera test with each of the girls, giving them a few lines and some simple acting instructions in a spec bubble-gum commercial, where Anuthida performs best with Laura being second. The girls do training for cover shoots with having one high fashion and a body shot. Anuthida who has started to earn her reputation as a favorite the week before is deemed best along with Jüli and Katharina. Laura is surprisingly eliminated for having said to want to leave the competition at several times and in spite of her strong week. Sara, who the judges feel is not ready yet is eliminated second.
One segment centers on Anuthida who is reunited with her father after 15 years while he lived in Las Vegas without having stayed in contact. Booked for job: Darya Strelnikova Eliminated: Laura Dünninger & Sara Faste Featured photographer: Kristian Schuller Episode 11: Bold Heads (Das Glatzenshooting) Original airdate: 23 April 2015 The episode's first segment is a recap of Anuthida's family-reunion from last week. Heidi inspects all the girls' social media accounts, where Darya and Ajsa receive bad critique for their pictures that lack niveau. Katharina wins the challenge to take a new photo in LA for social media. This week's casting is for Opel, where Anuthida is booked for the important commercial.
Kristian Schuller then challenges the girls in a mannequin-themed shoot where each girl receives a bold head by special-effects makeup. The shoot turns out to be especially challenging for Darya who carried over a bad mood from the previous segment where Heidi coached the girls in social media etiquette. Back at the villa, Wolfgang Joop asks the girls to style an outfit for Heidi, the reward is an expensive dress from a famous designer. Vanessa's outfit wins the challenge with Katharina being second. As usual, the episode closes with a live walk, where only Anuthida, Katharina and Jüli receive good critique, while Darya is heavily critiqued for her unprofessional mood at the shoot and during the entire week.
Vanessa and Kiki are critiqued for their walks. Ajsa is critiqued for her unprofessional smile when presenting Haute Couture. Lisa performs weak at the photo shoot and on the runway. Ajsa, Vanessa, Kiki and Lisa land in the bottom four. Lisa and Kiki even in the bottom two. When Lisa reaches the next round Kiki thinks she is eliminated but she is surprised by the judges. Challenge winner: Katharina Wandrowsky Booked for job: Anuthida Ploypetch Bottom Four: Ajsa Selimovic, Kiki Hölzl, Lisa Bärmann & Vanessa Fuchs Eliminated: None Featured photographer: Kristian Schuller Special guests: Zach King Episode 12: The Dancing (Das Tanzshooting) Original airdate: 30 April 2015 First, Heidi does mail bag with the girls.
Then, three are flying over to New York for a Fashion Week casting (World of Topmodel). Back in L.A. the troupe is being coached for an upcoming shoot with Kristian. A choreographer instructs them in doing some basic routines. Again, room for drama between Darya and Kiki. The live walk is inspired by the classic Singing in the Rain, with artificial rain pouring down on the runway.
Booked for job: Anuthida Ploypetch & Lisa Bärmann Eliminated: Kiki Hölzl Featured photographer: Kristian Schuller Episode 13: Clear the Ring (Manege frei) Original airdate: 7 May 2015 Challenge winner: Lisa Bärmann Booked for job: Anuthida Ploypetch, Katharina Wandrowsky & Vanessa Fuchs Featured photographer: Kristian Schuller Eliminated: Jüli Ürküt & Lisa Bärmann Special guests: Kate Upton Episode 14: The Semi-Final (Das Halbfinale) Original airdate: 10 May 2015 In contrast to previous cycles, the semi-final episode is a small scale live-on-tape show set in an old church. Heidi and the judges present this week's episode in segments, intertwined with live-show style interviews and sentiments from friends and family.
The episode's first job is the cover shoot for Cosmopolitan magazine, followed by a challenge where each girl has to act in a New York street scene for Maybelline. Vanessa wins this job and shoots a campaign for the brand. Flying over to Paris, the girls compete again, this time for participation in Wolfgang Joop's Wunderkind runway show. Vanessa wins. The episode closes with a live walk in front of the jury, and much critique for Darya, who is eliminated. Booked for job: Vanessa Fuchs Bottom Two: Ajsa Selimovic & Darya Strelnikova Eliminated: Darya Strelnikova Featured photographer: Christian Anwander Episode 15: The Finale, Part 1 (Das Finale, Teil 1) Original airdate: 14 May 2015 The live show in Mannheim's SAP Arena was opened by the four finalists, leading into an opening act with the whole cycle 10 cast walking the stage's catwalk and Jason Derulo performing his new single.
Heidi entered the stage via show lift from the ceiling and her fellow judges were introduced in an equally dramatic act. The first live walk followed, where each of the finalists had to act doll-like first and then present a matching thematic walk, followed by Katharina's elimination from the competition. Just before the show entered the next act, after about an hour of airtime, Heidi led over to an irregular commercial break, followed by a segment of clips from the previous episodes. The remainder of the show was canceled and ProSieben aired a rerun of The Blind Side. Tweets and news coverage spread the information that the show was stopped and the location evacuated due to a bomb threat.
ProSieben later officially confirmed they would not carry on with the finale show. As it was later revealed, Jüli had won the online voting between the girls who didn't reach the final and thus would have been the girl to open the top 18 walk. The day following the finale, it was announced that the new pre-recorded finale would air on 28 May. Viewers who had purchased tickets for the live final had their money reimbursed.
Top 18 walk opener: Jüli Ürküt Final four: Ajsa Selimovic, Anuthida Ploypetch, Katharina Wandrowsky & Vanessa Fuchs Eliminated: Katharina Wandrowsky Special guests: Jason Derulo (announced: Alisar Ailabouni, Lovelyn Enebechi, Lena, Lena Gercke, Stefanie Giesinger, Luisa Hartema, Jennifer Hof, Barbara Meier, Olly Murs & Sara Nuru) Episode 15: The Finale, Part 2 (Das Finale, Teil 2) Original airdate: 28 May 2015 The live finale continued in New York City after the original finale had to be postponed. The winners from cycles past, with the exception of Jana Beller who was absent due to a bereavement, made an appearance for the final show.
Vanessa was declared Germany's Next Topmodel. Final three: Ajsa Selimovic, Anuthida Ploypetch & Vanessa Fuchs Eliminated: Ajsa Selimovic Final two: Anuthida Ploypetch & Vanessa Fuchs Germany's Next Topmodel: Vanessa Fuchs Contestants (ages stated are at start of contest) Summaries Results table {\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:92%" ! rowspan="2" \|Place ! rowspan="2" \|Model ! colspan="15" \|Episodes \|- !4!!5!!6!!7!!8!!9!!10!!11!!12!!13!!14!!15!! colspan="2" \|16 \|- !1 \|Vanessa\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE \|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:gold;"\|IMM\|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|style="background:limegreen;"\|Winner \|- !2 \|Anuthida\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE \|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:gold;"\|IMM\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE \|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT \|- !3 \|Ajsa\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE \|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- !4 \|Katharina\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE \|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- !5 \|Darya\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE \|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- ! rowspan="2" \| \|Jüli\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE \|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:gold;"\|IMM\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:gold;"\|IMM\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- \|Lisa\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE \|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- !8 \|Kiki\|\|SAFE \|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- !
rowspan="2" \| \|Laura D.\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- \|Sara\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE \|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- ! rowspan="2" \| \|Sandy\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- \|Varisa\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:gold;"\|IMM\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\| style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- !13 \|Erica\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- ! rowspan="2" \| \|Irene\|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW \|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- \|Neele\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- ! rowspan="3" \| \|Daniela\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- \|Jovana\|\|SAFE\|\|SAFE\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- \|Lena\|\|SAFE\|\| style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- !19 \|Adriane\|\| style="background:orange;"\|LOW\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="12"\| \|- !
rowspan="2" \| \|Ariana\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="15"\| \|- \|Laura W.\|\|style="background:tomato;"\|OUT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="15"\| \|- !rowspan="2" \| \|Annabel \|style="background:crimson;"\|QUIT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="15"\| \|- \|Sarah \|style="background:crimson;"\|QUIT\|\|style="background:darkgrey;" colspan="15"\| \|} The contestant quit the competition The contestant was immune from elimination The contestant was in danger of elimination The contestant was eliminated The contestant won the competition Photo shoot guide Episode 4 photo shoot: Sedcard shooting Episode 5 photo shoot: Construction workers for Cosmopolitan Episode 6 photo shoot: Helicopter on a rooftop Episode 7 photo shoot: Tribal powder covered in body paint Episode 8 photo shoot: Underwater couture Episode 9 photo shoot: Football editorial Episode 10 commercial: Bubble gum / Energy drink Episode 11 photo shoot: Bald editorial Episode 12 photo shoot: Dancing with fabric Episode 13 photo shoot: Circus editorial Episode 14 photo shoot:' Cosmopolitan'' covers References Category:Germany's Next Topmodel Category:2015 German television seasons
RVG may refer to: , a Spanish Bible translation based on the Textus Receptus Radiovisiography Rudy Van Gelder (1924–2016), American audio engineer RVG, a cocktail involving Wray and Nephew's White Rum
Beer cheese is a cheese spread most commonly found in Kentucky. Similarly named cheese products can be found in other regions of the United States, but beer cheese spread itself is not widely distributed. There are a number of different brands that are popular, most are similar in taste and texture. Commercially produced beer cheese spread usually consists of a processed cheese base with a sharp cheddar flavor, while homemade varieties almost always start with sharp cheddar cheese. To this, enough beer is added to provide flavor and texture, as well as garlic, and a variety of spices including dry mustard, horseradish and cayenne pepper.