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3A1831633310.jsonld | ['gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4139716-2'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | ['oek'] | [['Experiments', 'Economics', '(classificationName=bk, id=18157070X)83.02 - Philosophie und Theorie der Volkswirtschaft', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=loc)HB131', 'Electronic books', 'Economics ; Research', 'Methodology', '(classificationName=rvk)QB 100', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0724', 'Research']] | ['Chapter 21 The Effects of Collusion in Laboratory Experiments'] | ['Even when markets seem to alternate between collusive and non-collusive phases, the price differences are difficult to interpret since a breakdown in collusion may be caused by a demand decrease that would have reduced prices in any case. This makes the laboratory an ideal setting to study factors that facilitate or hinder illegal price fixing. The main result from the experimental economics literature is that the market trading institutions are crucial in determining whether or not collusion will be successful in raising prices above competitive levels. This chapter examined the effects of seller discussions between rounds of a continuous double auction. In particular, the sellers were allowed to come together to a corner of one of the rooms and confer after the close of one trading period and before the start of another. Attempts to collude were as ineffective as they were inevitable. The problem is that each seller has a strong private incentive to defect and lower the asking price during the course of the double auction trading .'] | ['gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633310'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | 19 | 101 |
3A1831633329.jsonld | ['gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4124477-1'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=bk, id=18157070X)83.02 - Philosophie und Theorie der Volkswirtschaft', 'Economics ; Research', '(classificationName=rvk)QB 100', 'Methodology', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0724', 'Experiments', 'Economics', 'Research', '(classificationName=loc)HB131', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft']] | ['Chapter 20 Price Signaling and “Cheap Talk” in Laboratory Posted Offer Markets'] | ['This chapter focuses on identifying the marginal impact of price signaling, holding all other environmental and institutional factors constant. Although price signaling often increases transaction prices, this increase is very often temporary. Equilibrium behavior may be unaffected by non-binding price signaling in many environments. Price increases due to price signaling are more likely when sellers compete in multiple markets. Conspiracies are more successful when a subset of sellers forego short term gains by repeatedly offering supercompetitive prices. The market impact of price signaling depends on the signaling language available to sellers. Very restrictive language (e.g., one price proposal by one seller per period) does not have a lasting impact on prices. By contrast, multiple-round structured signaling in which many sellers per period can propose price changes with specific responses required of other sellers can generate persistently higher prices compared to free form price signaling.'] | ['gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633329'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | 19 | 102 |
3A1831633337.jsonld | ['gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4015999-1'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=rvk)QB 100', '(classificationName=bk, id=18157070X)83.02 - Philosophie und Theorie der Volkswirtschaft', 'Methodology', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', 'Electronic books', 'Economics ; Research', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0724', 'Experiments', 'Economics', 'Research', '(classificationName=loc)HB131', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01']] | ['Chapter 19 Experiments in Decentralized Monopoly Restraint'] | ['This chapter focuses on laboratory experimental examinations of a particular class of institutions, policies or mechanisms of monopoly control. These are mechanisms which take the existence of a monopoly as a given and ask how might the abuses of monopoly be controlled in a decentralized manner. The most prevalent form of monopoly control in the United States for many decades was cost-based rate of return regulation. The academic and practitioner critics of rate of return regulation were numerous. In general, the arguments were that the incentives in the rate of return regulatory process itself led to distortions relative to standard measures of efficiency. This chapter focuses exclusively on experiments that do more than simply reform centralized price regulation, that is, we examine decentralized forms of monopoly control.'] | ['gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633337'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | 19 | 103 |
3A1831633353.jsonld | ['gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4139716-2'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=ddc)330.0724', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=loc)HB131', 'Experiments', 'Research', 'Methodology', '(classificationName=rvk)QB 100', 'Economics', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01', '(classificationName=bk, id=18157070X)83.02 - Philosophie und Theorie der Volkswirtschaft', 'Economics ; Research']] | ['Chapter 17 The Exercise of Market Power in Laboratory Experiments'] | ["Many aspects of antitrust policy are influenced by the possibility that sellers in concentrated markets may have the power to raise prices above competitive levels. Of course, anyone can raise prices, so the issue is whether a change in structure, e.g., a merger, will allow one or more sellers to raise price profitably. A price increase by one seller diverts sales to others, so a firm is more likely to have market power when its competitors have limited capacity to expand their sales. Thus a merger that reduces competitors' capacity may create market power. Market power can also be sensitive to the trading institution, and this is the context that power issues first arose in experimental economics. Relatively high prices in posted-offer auctions are not surprising, since experimental economists have long noticed that prices in such markets tend to be above competitive levels, and will converge from above if they converge at all."] | ['gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633353'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | 19 | 104 |
3A183163340X.jsonld | ['gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4252654-1'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | ['oek'] | [['Research', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', 'Methodology', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01', '(classificationName=bk, id=18157070X)83.02 - Philosophie und Theorie der Volkswirtschaft', 'Economics', 'Economics ; Research', 'Experiments', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0724', '(classificationName=rvk)QB 100', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=loc)HB131']] | ['Chapter 12 The Walrasian Auction'] | ['This chapter examines the robustness of his results in a more general multi-unit per subject setting and systematically investigates the effect of various order flow information and message restriction rules on the performance of the Walrasian auction. This experimental environment allows us to assess the performance of the Walrasian auction where participants have multiple units and where relative competitiveness is variable period to period. This chapter also presents Walrasian auction design and computerized implementation. The chapter presents the mean efficiency and competitive price deviation in the later periods of the experiments. There is no significant difference in efficiency and price between the oral and computerized treatments. The chapter show that the supply and demand match is not correct, and suggests the presence of significant underrevelation on both sides of the market: if either side underreveals to gain an advantage, the other side underreveals to neutralize that advantage.'] | ['gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A183163340X'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | 19 | 105 |
3A1831633418.jsonld | ['gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4015999-1'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | ['oek'] | [['Electronic books', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01', '(classificationName=bk, id=18157070X)83.02 - Philosophie und Theorie der Volkswirtschaft', 'Experiments', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0724', 'Methodology', 'Research', 'Economics ; Research', '(classificationName=rvk)QB 100', 'Economics', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=loc)HB131', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft']] | ['Chapter 11 First Price Independent Private Values Auctions'] | ["The first price sealed bid auction is the market institution in which the high bidder acquires ownership of the auctioned item and pays a price equal to the amount of the highest bid. This market institution is distinguished from the second price sealed bid auction in which the high bidder obtains the auctioned item and pays an amount equal to the second highest bid. Bids in sealed bid auctions are often literally sealed in envelopes but need not be; the essential distinction is from a real time auction in which the time at which bids are submitted during the auction is an essential feature of the market institution. This chapter presents experimental tests, using independent private values, of the consistency of bidding behavior in the first price auction with three nested Nash equilibrium bidding models. The reported tests have various implications for the three nested models. Depending on which test is used, data for only 010 of the subjects are consistent with the risk neutral model. This conclusion is the same regardless of whether one conducts the tests with market prices, individual subjects' bids and values, or subjects' expected foregone earnings. Tests with individual subjects' bids and values indicate that data for about 48 of the subjects are consistent with the constant relative risk averse model and data for almost all subjects are consistent with the log-concave model."] | ['gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633418'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | 19 | 106 |
3A1831633426.jsonld | ['gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4252654-1'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | ['oek'] | [['Economics ; Research', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', 'Methodology', 'Economics', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Research', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01', 'Experiments', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0724', '(classificationName=rvk)QB 100', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=loc)HB131', '(classificationName=bk, id=18157070X)83.02 - Philosophie und Theorie der Volkswirtschaft']] | ['Chapter 10 Strategy-Proof Equilibrium Behavior in Two-Sided Auctions'] | ['The experimental evidence from three prominent auction trading institutions: (1) the continuous double auction, (2) the uniform-price sealed bid-offer auction, and (3) the uniform-price double auction (with continuous feedback of real time information on the acceptance status of bids and offers), shows that subjects are able to work out a behavioral equilibrium which is strategy-proof. In institutions (2) and (3) this is achieved by a groping process which (a) approximates the competitive equilibrium, and (b) produces a large number of bids and offers that are tied, or nearly tied. Impossibility theorems provide important insight as to why the above two-sided mechanisms have difficulty achieving perfection, but they do not address the question as to why such field mechanisms, when studied in the laboratory, perform so well in fact surprisingly well given the theorems and the fact that we observe massive underrevelation in the experiments.'] | ['gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633426'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | 19 | 107 |
3A1831633442.jsonld | ['gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4124477-1'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=ddc)330.0724', '(classificationName=loc)HB131', '(classificationName=rvk)QB 100', 'Experiments', 'Economics', 'Methodology', 'Research', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', 'Economics ; Research', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01', '(classificationName=bk, id=18157070X)83.02 - Philosophie und Theorie der Volkswirtschaft', 'Electronic books']] | ['Chapter 8 Simulated and Real Buyers in Posted Offer Markets'] | ['This chapter uses the data from three previously published studies to examine the effect of real versus simulated buyers on laboratory outcomes. Real buyers can and occasionally do trategically deviate from full demand revelation. Further, the threat of strategic behavior appears to temper the pricing decisions by sellers. The chapter presents the experimental design and a discussion of demand withholding as a buyer strategy. The chapter concludes by providing results and discussion.'] | ['gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633442'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | 19 | 108 |
3A1831633450.jsonld | ['gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4252654-1'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=loc)HB131', 'Experiments', 'Economics', '(classificationName=rvk)QB 100', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0724', 'Methodology', '(classificationName=bk, id=18157070X)83.02 - Philosophie und Theorie der Volkswirtschaft', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', 'Electronic books', 'Research', 'Economics ; Research', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01']] | ['Chapter 7 Mixed Strategy Nash Equilibrium Predictions as a Means of Organizing Behavior in Posted-Offer Market Experiments'] | ['Market power arises in many posted-offer markets and drives a distinction between the competitive prediction and the Nash equilibrium for the market viewed as a stage game. Pricing patterns in such markets tend to be characterized by Edgeworth cycles that deteriorate as the sessions progress. The amplitude and frequency of the cycles are sensitive to design and procedural details, and vary considerably from experiment to experiment. Although persistent serial correlation in pricing proscribe any direct test of static Nash mixing predictions, rough correspondence between the central moments of predicted and observed densities has been observed in a variety of different instances. However, the persistent and very prominent deviations observed in an asymmetric design suggests that Nash mixing predictions do not uniformly organize behavior well. The circumstances under which mixing predictions may organize outcomes well merits further investigation.'] | ['gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633450'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | 19 | 109 |
3A1831633507.jsonld | ['gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4015999-1'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=ddc)330.01', '(classificationName=bk, id=18157070X)83.02 - Philosophie und Theorie der Volkswirtschaft', 'Research', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Economics ; Research', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', '(classificationName=rvk)QB 100', 'Methodology', 'Experiments', 'Economics', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0724', '(classificationName=loc)HB131']] | ['Chapter 2 From Market Jaws to the Newton Method: The Geometry of How a Market Can Solve Systems of Equations'] | ['This chapter focuses on the geometry of how a market can solve systems of equations from market jaws to the newton method. Since market equilibrium can be interpreted as a solution to a system of equations, price discovery, as it called in the language of market makers, can be viewed as having found the solution. Of course the information needed to even formulate the equations does not exist in one place so the idea that markets are searching for the solution to a system of equations as a numerical process would search, cannot be taken literally. The empirical foundation for jaws can be found in many forms. When markets are on the way up the number of bids typically exceeds the number of asks. When markets are on the way down, the number of asks typically exceeds the number of bids. This is exactly the concept of pushing referred to Plott.'] | ['gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633507'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | 19 | 110 |
3A1831633515.jsonld | ['gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'gnd:4015999-1'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | ['oek'] | [['Methodology', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', '(classificationName=rvk)QB 100', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=loc)HB131', '(classificationName=bk, id=18157070X)83.02 - Philosophie und Theorie der Volkswirtschaft', 'Experiments', 'Economics ; Research', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0724', 'Research', 'Economics', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01', 'Electronic books']] | ['Chapter 1 Properties of Disequilibrium Adjustment in Double Auction Markets'] | ['The tendency of double auction markets to converge to the equilibrium of the associated competitive equilibrium model is well known, but the equilibration process is not understood. The reason for adjustment and the processes that are actively involved with the adjustment process are still a mystery. However, the study of many markets reported over the years by many different research groups have provided some properties of disequilibria and the dynamics of the adjustment process. Double auction markets have properties that are closely associated with certain institutional and environmental features and have been studied extensively. First, there is a period structure to the markets: an open and a close. Second, major changes, such as parameter changes, occur between the close of one period and the open of the next and this fact is public information. That is, parameter changes do not occur during a period. Third, the commodity traded is like a service that does not have a life of over one period. Redemption values and costs are active for only one period at a time. If the commodity does have a time lifelike a securityit will systematically change its value between periods, such as a dividend that is paid at the end of a period. This chapter does not specifically explores the dynamics of adjustment that occur in other market structures, the properties listed in the chapter are characteristic of the asset markets that have been studied: speculative markets and economies characterized by overlapping generations.'] | ['gnd:4015999-1', 'gnd:4066528-8', 'gnd:4124477-1', 'gnd:4139716-2', 'gnd:4252654-1', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633515'] | ['Experiment', 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Methodologie', 'Experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung'] | 19 | 111 |
3A1831633523.jsonld | ['gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4129281-9'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | ['sow'] | [['(classificationName=ddc)330.1', 'Economia (aspectos sociais)', 'Aide économique', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', 'Justice distributive', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Filantropia', 'Economics', 'Charité', 'Voluntarism', '(classificationName=loc)HB523 .H36 2006eb', 'Altruismo', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414828)83.05 - Wirtschaftssoziologie, Wirtschaftspsychologie', 'Altruisme', 'Economic assistance', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', 'Aspect sociologique', 'Sociological aspects', 'Altruism', 'Bénévolat', 'Assistência econômica', '(classificationName=ddc)171/.5', '(classificationName=rvk)QC 010', 'Distributive justice', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'Don et contre-don', 'Charity', 'Gifts', 'Economics ; Sociological aspects', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Économie politique', '(classificationName=loc)HB523']] | ['Subject Index of Volume 2'] | ['This chapter lists the important subjects that are discussed in Volume 2 of Handbook of the Economics of Giving, Altruism and Reciprocity , such as access to land, common pool, giving clubs, economic inequality, transfers, money supply, public education, and others. The terms are mentioned along with the page numbers on which they have appeared in the publication.'] | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633523'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | 25 | 112 |
3A1831633582.jsonld | ['gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'gnd:4197971-0'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | ['oek'] | [['saving', 'Economics', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414828)83.05 - Wirtschaftssoziologie, Wirtschaftspsychologie', '(classificationName=ddc)330.1', 'Don et contre-don', 'Economics ; Sociological aspects', 'Justice distributive', 'Gifts', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'fertility', 'representative democracy', 'private transfers', 'Économie politique', 'Bénévolat', 'Aspect sociologique', 'Charité', 'pensions', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', 'Aide économique', 'child benefits', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', 'Electronic books', 'Sociological aspects', 'Voluntarism', 'education', '(classificationName=loc)HB523 .H36 2006eb', 'family', 'Filantropia', '(classificationName=rvk)QC 010', '(classificationName=loc)HB523', 'Altruisme', 'Economia (aspectos sociais)', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Altruismo', 'Altruism', 'Distributive justice', 'Assistência econômica', 'Economic assistance', 'intergenerational cooperation', '(classificationName=ddc)171/.5', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'direct democracy', 'Charity', 'self-enforcing constitutions']] | ['Chapter 25 The political economy of intergenerational cooperation'] | ["This chapter examines the scope for mutually beneficial intergenerational cooperation, and looks at various attempts to theoretically explain the emergence of norms and institutions that facilitate this cooperation. The contributions reviewed come from branches of economics as far apart as household economics and political economy, and encompass both the normative and the positive branch of public economics. Section 2 establishes a normative framework. Sections 3 and 4 examine the properties of the laissez-faire solution in a pure market economy, and in one where reproductive decisions and intra-family transfers are constrained by self-enforcing family constitutions. Section 5 introduces the state, and shows that first and second-best policy include a pension and a child benefit scheme. Section 6 rexamines the same issues in the presence of educational investment. Section 7 introduces uncertainty and asymmetrical information, and shows that second-best public transfers to families are conditional on number of children, and on some measure of the children's success in adult life. Section 8 looks at the possibility that intergenerational redistribution might be supported by some kind of political equilibrium. One type of model looks at the possibility of a self-enforcing constitution governing intergenerational transfers at societal rather than family level. Another type of model looks for voting equilibria in direct, and in representative democracies."] | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633582'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | 19 | 113 |
3A1831633590.jsonld | ['gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4020511-3'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | ['sow'] | [['(classificationName=bk, id=106414828)83.05 - Wirtschaftssoziologie, Wirtschaftspsychologie', '(classificationName=ddc)330.1', 'Filantropia', 'Economics ; Sociological aspects', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', 'Bénévolat', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'Distributive justice', 'Economic assistance', 'fairness', 'social insurance', 'Voluntarism', 'social welfare functions', 'Charity', '(classificationName=rvk)QC 010', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=ddc)171/.5', 'Altruisme', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', '(classificationName=loc)HB523', 'Don et contre-don', 'Economics', '(classificationName=loc)HB523 .H36 2006eb', 'Altruismo', 'Gifts', 'Sociological aspects', 'welfare', 'redistribution', 'Économie politique', 'altruism', 'Altruism', 'Assistência econômica', 'Economia (aspectos sociais)', 'Justice distributive', 'Aide économique', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Charité', 'Aspect sociologique']] | ['Chapter 24 Selfishness, altruism and normative principles in the economic analysis of social transfers'] | ["This chapter examines the role of altruistic motives in the economic analysis of public social transfers, both from a positive and from a normative point of view. The positive question is to know whether we can fully neglect altruistic considerations to explain the development or sustainability of these transfers. Such is the implicit ambition of efficiency theories of the Welfare State. However, while these theories may be suited for explaining the development of public insurance or life-cycle transfers, they rapidly reach their limits when we try to explain more redistributive dimensions of social transfers. At the other extreme, descriptions of social transfers as systems of extended insurance (behind the veil of ignorance) implicitly do as if individuals were ready to completely abstract from their real world situations, and this can be analyzed as an extreme form of altruism. Actual motivations for support of social transfers certainly lay somewhere in between, i.e., a mix of well-understood selfishness and partial altruism. This explains why these systems can redistribute more than explained by pure efficiency motives, but less than what would be predicted under the extended insurance hypothesis. One additional limit to redistribution is the fact that even very altruistic agents can deliberately reduce its scope because of its potential disincentive effects. The second part of the chapter examines normative considerations which seem relevant to the evaluation of systems of social transfers. In particular, the idea of extended insurance has paradoxical implications in some circumstances, because of its structural similarity to utilitarianism. Therefore it appears useful to look for other normative theories, such as inequality-averse social welfare functions or fairness criteria. It is shown how both approaches can be useful in the study of second-best solutions under incentive constraints. The chapter ends with a critical examination of the incorporation of individuals' altruistic feelings in social welfare functions."] | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633590'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | 25 | 114 |
3A1831633620.jsonld | ['gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4020511-3'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | ['oek'] | [['Economia (aspectos sociais)', 'Aspect sociologique', '(classificationName=loc)HB523', 'Don et contre-don', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', '(classificationName=ddc)171/.5', 'Altruism', 'Altruismo', 'Sociological aspects', 'field studies', 'Economics ; Sociological aspects', 'Charity', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Distributive justice', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', 'Charité', 'Altruisme', 'altruism', 'Économie politique', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414828)83.05 - Wirtschaftssoziologie, Wirtschaftspsychologie', '(classificationName=rvk)QC 010', 'labor relations', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Aide économique', 'Filantropia', 'Voluntarism', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=loc)HB523 .H36 2006eb', 'Economic assistance', 'reciprocity', 'Assistência econômica', 'Gifts', 'cooperation', '(classificationName=ddc)330.1', 'Bénévolat', 'Justice distributive', 'Economics', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges']] | ['Chapter 21 Altruism, reciprocity and cooperation in the workplace'] | ["This paper surveys economic models where cooperation arises in the workplace because individuals' utility functions involve a concern for others (altruism) or a desire to respond to like with like (reciprocity). It also discusses empirical evidence which bears on the relevance of these theories. The paper considers separately the feelings employees have for their employers or their supervisors, those that employees have for others that occupy similar positions as themselves and the feelings of supervisors towards their subordinates. Altruism appears to play a role in the last two settings while reciprocity seems useful to explain the way employees react to employer actions which the employees regard as unfair."] | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633620'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | 19 | 115 |
3A1831633639.jsonld | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4129281-9'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | ['oek'] | [['altruism', 'Economics', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'Economic assistance', 'organ procurement', 'market-inalienability', 'Sociological aspects', '(classificationName=rvk)QC 010', 'Économie politique', 'Don et contre-don', '(classificationName=ddc)171/.5', 'Bénévolat', 'organ transplants', 'Charity', 'Aspect sociologique', 'Assistência econômica', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', 'Distributive justice', '(classificationName=loc)HB523', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', '(classificationName=ddc)330.1', 'Gifts', '(classificationName=loc)HB523 .H36 2006eb', 'Economics ; Sociological aspects', 'Voluntarism', 'Justice distributive', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414828)83.05 - Wirtschaftssoziologie, Wirtschaftspsychologie', 'common-property', 'Altruism', 'Altruisme', 'Aide économique', 'Charité', 'Filantropia', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Economia (aspectos sociais)', 'Altruismo']] | ['Chapter 20 The Economics of organ transplantation'] | ['In the U.S. and Europe, a ban on a market in human organs has been in place since 1984. The system of organ procurement, therefore, relies on altruistic donation from stranger to stranger. The principle intellectual and policy issues surrounding organ procurement concern the question of whether, in banning the market to further ethical objectives, efficiency must inevitably be sacrificed. In the 1970s, Titmuss questioned whether a market could supply high quality blood in sufficient quantity, and this issue attracted the attention of some of the best minds in economics, such as Arrow and Solow. Since then, a large-scale industry relying on human tissue as a basic resource has emerged. In 2000, nearly 50 000 organs were transplanted. Remarkably, all of them were procured without providing financial incentives to suppliers. Despite the large number of donations, many more are needed. Today, more than 95 000 people are waiting for kidneys alone, and it is estimated that, in 2001, over 6000 Americans died waiting for an organ. Many believe that a market in organs would yield a greater supply and they hold the policy of banning an organ market responsible for the current tragic shortages. This chapter reviews the economic theory and evidence regarding market bans and considers them in the context of organ procurement.'] | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633639'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | 19 | 116 |
3A1831633647.jsonld | ['gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4184535-3'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | ['sow'] | [['(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', 'intersectoral competition', 'Aide économique', 'public policy', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'fundraising', 'Distributive justice', 'Economia (aspectos sociais)', 'Economics ; Sociological aspects', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=ddc)330.1', '(classificationName=ddc)171/.5', 'Electronic books', 'Économie politique', 'Charité', 'nonprofit organizations', 'Altruismo', 'Voluntarism', 'Economics', 'Altruism', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', '(classificationName=rvk)QC 010', '(classificationName=loc)HB523', 'donations', 'Altruisme', 'Bénévolat', 'Aspect sociologique', 'Justice distributive', '(classificationName=loc)HB523 .H36 2006eb', 'Gifts', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', 'Charity', 'Filantropia', 'Don et contre-don', 'Assistência econômica', 'Economic assistance', 'Sociological aspects', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414828)83.05 - Wirtschaftssoziologie, Wirtschaftspsychologie']] | ['Chapter 19 Donative nonprofit organizations'] | ['In this chapter, we explore why donations are made to nonprofit organizations instead of other institutions or directly to recipients; how such nonprofit organizations behave; and what is the appropriate public policy toward subsidizing and regulating these entities. We focus on donative nonprofits—organizations precluded from distributing their surplus revenues to those in control that receive resources in the forms of donated time and money and tend to provide private pure, distributional, or excludable public goods. First, we discuss the definition of a private nonprofit organization and delineate some immediate corollaries and consequences of that definition. Next, we summarize the dimensions of the nonprofit sector—size, scope, and revenue mix—for various countries around the world. Third, we discuss various models of the role and behavior of donative nonprofit organizations. Finally, we discuss some specific behaviors of nonprofit organizations—the ways in which they conduct fundraising campaigns, set prices, employ labor, and use capital. The discussion of models of donative nonprofits forms the heart of our paper, and is organized as follows. First, we show that agency problems between donors (as principals) and charitable service-providing organizations (as agents) result whenever the latter are employed to provide public goods. If the organization is constrained against the distribution of profits, this agency problem is resolved. Second, we argue that a three-stage game is the most natural way to model the choices of intermediaries and donors. In this game, an intermediary makes a seed donation, collects donations from others, then can add to (but not subtract from) the total donated in previous stages. Third, we detail the choice the founding entrepreneur makes between organizing as a nonprofit or a for-profit organization, showing that it can be individually rational for the entrepreneur to constrain his future ability to distribute profits. Fourth, we show how commercial activities alter entrepreneurial decisions. Fifth, we discuss nonprofits that provide excludable public goods, such as those in the arts. Sixth, we discuss sorting of entrepreneurial types across sectors and industries. Seventh, we consider multiple public goods, which may be provided by a single or separate organizations, and the passthrough intermediaries that may support them. Eighth, we delineate a variety of internal agency problems and the ways in which nonprofit organizations cope with them. The final subsection looks at models of long-run equilibrium.'] | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633647'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | 25 | 117 |
3A1831633671.jsonld | ['gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4184535-3'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | ['sow'] | [['Don et contre-don', 'Economics', 'Voluntarism', 'Justice distributive', 'Charité', 'Économie politique', 'capital income tax', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Altruismo', 'inheritance taxation', 'Altruisme', 'Aide économique', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Altruism', 'Distributive justice', '(classificationName=ddc)171/.5', 'Economics ; Sociological aspects', '(classificationName=ddc)330.1', '(classificationName=rvk)QC 010', 'Gifts', '(classificationName=loc)HB523 .H36 2006eb', '(classificationName=loc)HB523', 'Bénévolat', 'Economia (aspectos sociais)', 'Aspect sociologique', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', 'altruism', 'Electronic books', 'Filantropia', 'Economic assistance', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'Sociological aspects', 'Assistência econômica', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', 'Charity', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414828)83.05 - Wirtschaftssoziologie, Wirtschaftspsychologie']] | ['Chapter 16 Wealth transfer taxation: a survey of the theoretical literature'] | ['The purpose of this paper is to survey the theoretical literature on wealth transfer taxation. The focus is normative: we are looking at the design of an optimal tax structure from the standpoint of both equity and efficiency. The gist of this survey is that the optimal design crucially depends on the assumed bequest motives. Alternative bequest motives are thus analyzed either in isolation or combined. Even though there are as many results as models and as many models as combinations of bequest motives, the general conclusion is that the case for a zero taxation of inheritance is very weak.'] | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633671'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | 25 | 118 |
3A183163368X.jsonld | ['gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4302876-7'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | ['sow'] | [['(classificationName=ddc)330', 'altruism', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'Voluntarism', 'Economics ; Sociological aspects', 'Assistência econômica', '(classificationName=rvk)QC 010', 'Economics', '(classificationName=loc)HB523', 'Charité', 'Charity', 'Altruismo', 'Gifts', '(classificationName=ddc)171/.5', 'Economia (aspectos sociais)', 'Distributive justice', 'fiscal policy', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414828)83.05 - Wirtschaftssoziologie, Wirtschaftspsychologie', '(classificationName=ddc)330.1', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', 'Sociological aspects', 'Aspect sociologique', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'neoclassical general aggregative models', 'Don et contre-don', 'Justice distributive', 'Altruism', 'Bénévolat', 'Filantropia', 'Altruisme', 'Economic assistance', '(classificationName=loc)HB523 .H36 2006eb', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', 'Aide économique', 'Ricardian equivalence', 'Économie politique']] | ['Chapter 15 Intergenerational altruism and neoclassical growth models'] | ["This chapter surveys intergenerational altruism in neoclassical growth models. It first examines Barro's approach to intergenerational altruism, whereby successive generations are linked by recursive altruistic preferences. Individuals have an altruistic concern only for their children, who in turn also have altruistic feelings for their own children. Through such a recursive relation all generations of a single family (a dynasty) are linked together by a chain of private intergenerational transfers, countervailing any attempt by the government to redistribute resources across generations. This offsetting of public by private transfers operates only if bequests are positive. This is an important qualification to Barro's debt neutrality result. The conditions under which the Ricardian equivalence (debt neutrality) theorem applies are specified. The effectiveness of fiscal policy is further analysed in the context of an economy populated by heterogeneous families differing with respect to their degree of intergenerational altruism. We also examine other forms of dynastic altruism consistent with Barro's recursive definition of altruism, ascending altruism and two-sided altruism. These forms could be expected to deliver debt neutrality unconditionally, as families leaving zero bequests could be families characterised by child-to-parent gift under ascending altruism. We find that this is not the case and no form of dynastic altruism therefore ensures debt neutrality without condition. Even under two-sided altruism there are cases, in which both bequests and gifts are constrained and fiscal policy remains effective. We then review ad hoc forms of altruism and their implications for the debt neutrality results. Only one specific form of ad hoc altruism always guarantees debt neutrality; this form departs from the recursive approach underpinning dynastic altruism, with its objective function being formally equivalent to that of the social planner. Extensions to the fields of education and environmental are presented in a final section."] | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A183163368X'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | 25 | 119 |
3A1831633698.jsonld | ['gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4020511-3'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | ['oek'] | [['Economia (aspectos sociais)', 'Bénévolat', '3-generations indirect reciprocities', '(classificationName=ddc)330.1', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', 'family exchange', 'intergenerational redistribution', 'Don et contre-don', 'Economic assistance', '(classificationName=loc)HB523 .H36 2006eb', 'Aide économique', 'Économie politique', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Filantropia', 'Altruisme', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', '(classificationName=rvk)QC 010', 'Charité', 'Charity', 'Altruismo', 'Gifts', 'Voluntarism', 'Economics ; Sociological aspects', 'Assistência econômica', 'Economics', '(classificationName=ddc)171/.5', 'Distributive justice', 'intergenerational transfers', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414828)83.05 - Wirtschaftssoziologie, Wirtschaftspsychologie', 'wealth transmission motives', '(classificationName=loc)HB523', 'Sociological aspects', 'Aspect sociologique', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Justice distributive', 'Altruism', 'family altruism']] | ['Chapter 14 Altruism, exchange or indirect reciprocity: what do the data on family transfers show?'] | ["Most models of family transfers consider only two generations and focus on two motives: altruism and exchange. They also assume perfect substitution between inter vivos financial transfers and bequests to children. On the contrary, this survey of recent developments in the literature emphasizes the strong heterogeneity of downward financial transfers and motives for these transfers over the life-cycle. In face of the empirical failure of standard models in developed countries (these models may perform better in less developed countries or in old Europe), it also advocates “ mixed ” motivations of transfers, such as strategic altruism, models with endogenous heterogeneous behavioral regimes (Becker, Cigno), and especially indirect reciprocities between three generations, which lead to the replication of the same type of transfer from one generation to the next. Indirect reciprocities appear able to accommodate several empirical puzzles: they are thus compatible (against altruism) with small compensatory effects of transfers both between and within generations, and (against exchange) with the lack of parents' observable counterpart to financial or time support given by their children. They also predict “3rd generation effects”—transfers between parents and children being determined by grandparents' transfers or again grandchildren's characteristics—which appear corroborated by (mainly French or U.S.) available evidence. We thus face the challenge of innovative modelling of indirect reciprocities within the framework of individual forward-looking rationality."] | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4133536-3', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4197971-0', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633698'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise', 'Tausch', 'Wirtschaftliches Verhalten', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | 19 | 120 |
3A1831633760.jsonld | ['gnd:4302876-7', 'gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4057542-1'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Tausch', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | ['sow'] | [['BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Reference', '(classificationName=loc)HB523 .H36 2006eb', 'Altruism', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'Assistência econômica', 'Sociological aspects. Distributive justice. Charity. Altruism. Voluntarism. Gifts. Economic assistance', 'Economia (aspectos sociais)', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Altruismo', 'Economics', '(classificationName=loc)HB523', 'land access', 'Business', 'Economics ; Sociological aspects', 'reciprocity', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Economics ; General', 'Economic assistance', 'Filantropia', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', 'Distributive justice', '(classificationName=ddc)330.1', 'Charity', 'Gifts', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414828)83.05 - Wirtschaftssoziologie, Wirtschaftspsychologie', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', 'informal insurance', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Sociological aspects', 'common property', 'Voluntarism', 'social norms', 'altruism']] | ['Chapter 12 Solidarity Norms and Institutions in Village Societies: Static and Dynamic Considerations'] | ['The purpose of this essay is to argue that process-regarding preferences or social norms are pervasive in traditional village communities, yet are subject to gradual erosion under the influence of new forces, particularly population growth and market penetration. This is illustrated with respect to norms regarding the allocation of locally controlled natural resources, such as land, forest, pastures and water spaces. As a matter of fact, a communal system of land rights, together with the accompanying set of norms and preferences, is conceivable only under conditions of high landman ratios resulting in extensive land use patterns. When land becomes intensively exploited, the efficiency costs of equity-oriented arrangements increase significantly. On the other hand, informal insurance arrangements relying on voluntary state-contingent transfers tend to be less effective under the pressure of market integration and the emergence of alternative income-earning opportunities accessible to at least a segment of rural populations.'] | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633760'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Tausch', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | 25 | 121 |
3A1831633779.jsonld | ['gnd:4302876-7', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4129281-9'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Tausch', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | ['oek'] | [['Charity', 'selfishness', 'group selection', 'altruism', 'Economic assistance', 'Sociological aspects', 'evolutionary games', '(classificationName=ddc)330.1', 'Altruism', 'Business', 'Filantropia', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'Assistência econômica', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Reference', 'biology', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', "generalized prisoners' dilemma", 'Voluntarism', 'punishment', 'cooperation', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=loc)HB523', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414828)83.05 - Wirtschaftssoziologie, Wirtschaftspsychologie', 'Altruismo', 'Economia (aspectos sociais)', 'Economics ; Sociological aspects', 'haystack model', '(classificationName=ddc)330', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', 'assortative matching', 'Distributive justice', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Economics ; General', 'Sociological aspects. Distributive justice. Charity. Altruism. Voluntarism. Gifts. Economic assistance', 'linear public goods game', 'Economics', 'reciprocity', '(classificationName=loc)HB523 .H36 2006eb', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Gifts']] | ['Chapter 11 Natural Kantian or ZOO ECONOMICUS ? Evolutionary theories of selfishness and altruism among men and beasts'] | ["This paper addresses the question of whether our evolutionary history suggests that humans are likely to be individually selected selfish maximizers or group selected altruists. It surveys models from the literature of evolutionary biology in which groups are formed and dissolved and where the reproductive success of individuals is determined by their payoffs in a game played within groups. We show that if groups are formed randomly and reproductive success of group founders is determined by a multi-person prisoners' dilemma game, then selfish behavior will prevail over maximization of group payoffs. However, interesting models can be found for which group selection sustains cooperative behavior. Forces that support cooperative behavior include assortative matching in groups, group longevity, and punishment-based group norms."] | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633779'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Tausch', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | 19 | 122 |
3A1831633795.jsonld | ['gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'gnd:4129281-9'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Tausch', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | ['sow'] | [['Assistência econômica', 'Economics ; Sociological aspects', 'Filantropia', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Economic assistance', 'Voluntarism', 'Electronic books', 'Distributive justice', 'Charity', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Economics ; General', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', 'evolution of norms', 'Altruismo', 'Gifts', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414828)83.05 - Wirtschaftssoziologie, Wirtschaftspsychologie', '(classificationName=loc)HB523 .H36 2006eb', 'socially provided goods', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Business', 'Economics', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Reference', 'altruism', '(classificationName=loc)HB523', 'Altruism', 'Sociological aspects. Distributive justice. Charity. Altruism. Voluntarism. Gifts. Economic assistance', 'Sociological aspects', '(classificationName=ddc)330.1', 'Economia (aspectos sociais)', 'reciprocity', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges']] | ['Chapter 9 The Economics of Human Relationships'] | ["Behind my reciprocation of a friend's gift may lie both instrumental reasons (I expect further future gifts) and communicative reasons (I want to establish or confirm a friendship per se ). In a theory of rational individual action, such communicative reasons can be incorporated as an argument of an agent's objective function. This chapter starts by reviewing a recent literature that takes this direction and introduces relational concerns through the concept of socially provided goods. From a relational perspective, however, individual intentions are not all that matters: a relation is characterized by the two (or more) persons linked and by the kind of link they have. This perspective, which in our view should complement the more traditional, individualistic one, is particularly suited to embed individual motivations in their social context and to study their co-evolution. In particular, we focus on the conditions under which reciprocity and altruism may survive and even spread over as social norms. Drawing from the literature on the dynamics of social norms, we argue that the combination of individual incentives and the forces of social selection may lead to a contraposition between a society's material success and its well-being, i.e., between its vitality and its satisfaction. Finally, we consider that the recent literature on the economic analysis of human relationships invites to a new reading of the classics of economics and of moral and political philosophy. Both the new and the old literature point at the need to broaden the scope of economic modeling, to lay down the building blocks of a new, up-to-date approach to political economy that is equipped to tackle the challenges posed by advanced industrial societies in their social, cultural and economic selection dimensions."] | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633795'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Tausch', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | 25 | 123 |
3A1831633809.jsonld | ['gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4057542-1'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Tausch', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | ['oek'] | [['Electronic books', '(classificationName=loc)HB523 .H36 2006eb', 'Sociological aspects', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Economics ; General', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Reference', 'experiments', '(classificationName=ddc)330.1', '(classificationName=loc)HB523', 'contracts', 'Sociological aspects. Distributive justice. Charity. Altruism. Voluntarism. Gifts. Economic assistance', 'Economic assistance', 'incentives', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414828)83.05 - Wirtschaftssoziologie, Wirtschaftspsychologie', 'altruism', 'reciprocity', 'Economia (aspectos sociais)', 'Voluntarism', 'other-regarding preferences', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Gifts', 'Altruismo', 'Assistência econômica', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', 'competition', 'fairness', 'Distributive justice', 'Charity', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'behavioral economics', 'Economics', 'Altruism', 'Economics ; Sociological aspects', 'Business', 'Filantropia']] | ['Chapter 8 The Economics of Fairness, Reciprocity and Altruism Experimental Evidence and New Theories'] | ['Most economic models are based on the self-interest hypothesis that assumes that material self-interest exclusively motivates all people. Experimental economists have gathered overwhelming evidence in recent years, however, that systematically refutes the self-interest hypothesis, suggesting that concerns for altruism, fairness, and reciprocity strongly motivate many people. Moreover, several theoretical papers demonstrate that the observed phenomena can be explained in a rigorous and tractable manner. These theories then induced a first wave of experimental research which offered exciting insights into both the nature of preferences and the relative performance of competing fairness theories. The purpose of this chapter is to review these developments, to point out open questions, and to suggest avenues for future research. We also discuss recent neuroeconomic evidence that is consistent with the view that many people have a taste for mutual cooperation and the punishment of norm violators. We further illustrate the powerful impact of fairness concerns on cooperation, competition, incentives, and contract design.'] | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633809'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Tausch', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | 19 | 124 |
3A1831633833.jsonld | ['gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'gnd:4129281-9'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Tausch', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | ['oek'] | [['Economic assistance', 'Economics ; Sociological aspects', 'Electronic books', 'Assistência econômica', 'Gifts', '(classificationName=loc)HB523 .H36 2006eb', 'Economia (aspectos sociais)', 'Sociological aspects. Distributive justice. Charity. Altruism. Voluntarism. Gifts. Economic assistance', 'Sociological aspects', 'Economics', 'Distributive justice', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Economics ; General', 'Voluntarism', 'Charity', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'distributive efficiency', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Reference', '(classificationName=ddc)330.1', 'Filantropia', 'Altruism', 'Altruismo', '(classificationName=loc)HB523', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414828)83.05 - Wirtschaftssoziologie, Wirtschaftspsychologie', 'liberal social contract', 'gift-giving', 'neutrality', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'altruism', 'Business', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek']] | ['Chapter 5 The Economic Theory of Gift-Giving: Perfect Substitutability of Transfers and Redistribution of Wealth'] | ['This chapter reviews the theory of the voluntary public and private redistribution of wealth elaborated by economic analysis in the last forty years or so. The central object of the theory is altruistic gift-giving, construed as benevolent voluntary redistribution of income or wealth. The theory concentrates on lump-sum voluntary transfers, individual or collective, which aim at equalizing the distribution of wealth from altruistic reasons or sentiments (perfectly substitutable altruistic transfers). It implies: (i) the Pareto-inefficiency of the non-cooperative interaction of individual altruistic transfers; (ii) the neutralization of public transfers by individual altruistic transfers; (iii) and the crowding out of private altruistic transfers by Pareto-efficient public redistribution. The chapter is organized as follows. Section 2 presents an informal overview of the general intent and content of the theory. Section 3 gives a first formal version of the theory in a one-commodity setup (pure distributive social system). Non-cooperative distributive equilibrium is characterized, and its fundamental properties of existence and determinacy are analyzed. Section 4 extends the definitions and fundamental properties of pure distributive social systems to general social systems that combine competitive market exchange with the non-cooperative altruistic transfers of individuals endowed with non-paternalistic interdependent preferences. Section 5 states the neutrality property in two versions of the theory successively: the general social systems of Section 4; and the important special case of the pure distributive social systems of Section 3, where the set of agents is partitioned in two subsets, namely, a subset of poor individuals with zero endowments and egoistic preferences, and a subset of rich individuals altruistic to the poor and indifferent to each other. Section 6 reviews the theory of Pareto-efficient redistribution in pure distributive social systems. Section 7 returns to the fundamental assumption of perfect substitutability of transfers through a selective review of theoretical models of imperfectly substitutable transfers and empirical tests of perfect substitutability.'] | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633833'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Tausch', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | 19 | 125 |
3A1831633841.jsonld | ['gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Tausch', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | ['sow'] | [['Economics ; Sociological aspects', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', 'Sociological aspects. Distributive justice. Charity. Altruism. Voluntarism. Gifts. Economic assistance', 'Altruismo', '(classificationName=loc)HB523 .H36 2006eb', 'Gifts', 'Economics', 'Sociological aspects', 'Voluntarism', 'gift', 'Filantropia', 'experiments', '(classificationName=loc)HB523', 'reciprocity', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Economics ; General', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414828)83.05 - Wirtschaftssoziologie, Wirtschaftspsychologie', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Reference', 'sharing', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Economic assistance', 'Altruism', '(classificationName=ddc)330.1', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Economia (aspectos sociais)', 'Charity', 'Distributive justice', 'Business', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', 'anthropology', 'Assistência econômica']] | ['Chapter 4 The Gift and Reciprocity: Perspectives from Economic Anthropology'] | ['Economic anthropology is a contested area of interdisciplinary research. Although some practitioners define the task as the application of mainstream economic theorizing to the full range of human groups in time and space, many others argue in the light of the ethnographic evidence that it is impossible to generalize Western models, such as those which base themselves on concepts of utility maximization by individual agents. These objections have nowhere been more vociferous than in the domain of exchange. Bronislaw Malinowski identified many kinds of transaction among the Trobriand Islanders; after initially sketching a notion of the pure gift, he later modified this and argued instead that reciprocity, in the sense of calculated give and take, was the central principle underpinning all social life. A more significant theoretical challenge to the presuppositions of modern economics came in same period from Marcel Mauss, who outlined in his essay The Gift an evolutionary process that began with the total prestation and ends in the modern world, dominated by contracts and markets. Only in this modern world do we arguably have the possibility of altruism, understood as disinterested giving. After reviewing some of the more influential later contributions to the anthropological literature on these topics, notably those of Karl Polanyi, Marshall Sahlins and Stephen Gudeman, this paper goes on to present brief ethnographic illustrations. These include examples of food sharing among huntergatherers and cultivators, and the hospitality rituals of the contemporary western bourgeois classes. Illustrations from postsocialist societies show the difficulties of predicting economic behavior in this field: some people seem to respond to dislocation by using objects to strengthen their interpersonal networks, while others facing apparently similar conditions prefer to contract their gift-giving. Finally, brief critical note is taken of recent ethnographic experiments in this field.'] | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633841'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Tausch', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | 25 | 126 |
3A1831633868.jsonld | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4129281-9'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Tausch', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=loc)HB523 .H36 2006eb', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', 'Economics ; Sociological aspects', 'social prestige', 'Charity', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'Assistência econômica', 'Altruismo', 'Economic assistance', 'crowding-out', 'warm glow', 'Filantropia', 'Business', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Sociological aspects. Distributive justice. Charity. Altruism. Voluntarism. Gifts. Economic assistance', 'Sociological aspects', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Economics ; General', 'Gifts', 'Distributive justice', 'pure altruism', 'Altruism', 'Economia (aspectos sociais)', '(classificationName=ddc)330.1', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', 'dutiful altruism', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Reference', 'Economics', 'social norms', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414828)83.05 - Wirtschaftssoziologie, Wirtschaftspsychologie', '(classificationName=loc)HB523', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Voluntarism']] | ['Chapter 2 The Empirical Analysis of Transfer Motives'] | ['The empirical economic literature covers many different forms of pro-social behaviour going from anonymous charitable contributions to caring for an ageing parent or buying Christmas gifts. The chapter focuses on the meta-questions concerning the motivations underlying this behaviour. While the public goods-model of altruism has played a pivotal role in the economic work, the discussion in the chapter is structured around a simple list of motivations, derived from the psychological literature. Altruism (or empathy) is only one of the many motivations leading to voluntary transfers. Transfers may also follow from a feeling of duty or because the donor wants to obey social norms. They may be part of reciprocal arrangements, which finally are in the self-interest of all the parties involved. They may reflect pure materialistic egoism or a desire to gain social prestige. The survey of the empirical literature makes a distinction between one-way transfers where there is no real social interaction between the donor and the recipient and two-way transfers, i.e. interpersonal gifts that take place in a non-anonymous setting. The former refer to contributions of money and time to charities, the latter refer to interhousehold and intrafamily transfers. It is argued that the simple oppositions between pure altruism and warm glow or between altruism and exchange are insufficient, and that we should more explicitly think about how to distinguish the different warm glow or exchange-interpretations from one another. Traditional economic methods of indirect testing for motivational differences will probably be insufficient for this task. A better insight into the different motivations for pro-social behaviour is important for its own sake. It is also necessary for understanding the consequences of government intervention (the crowding-out effect) or the behaviour of charities.'] | ['gnd:4020511-3', 'gnd:4057542-1', 'gnd:4129281-9', 'gnd:4184535-3', 'gnd:4302876-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633868'] | ['Geschenk', 'Stiftung', 'Altruismus', 'Tausch', 'Selbstlosigkeit'] | 19 | 127 |
3A1831633892.jsonld | ['gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'gnd:4066399-1'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=linseach:mapping)mat', '(classificationName=msc)*91-06', '(classificationName=msc)62P20', '(classificationName=msc)62-06', 'Econometric models', 'Economie', '(classificationName=msc)91B82', '(classificationName=msc)91B84', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', '(classificationName=msc)00B15', 'Prognoseverfahren', '(classificationName=rvk)QH 237', 'Modèles économétriques', 'Economics', '(classificationName=msc)62M20', 'Economic forecasting ; Econometric models', '(classificationName=loc)HB3730', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0112', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01/12', 'Prévision économique', 'Prognoses', 'Wirtschaftstheorie', 'Periodicals', '(classificationName=bk, id=106417320)85.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Betriebswirtschaft', '(classificationName=rvk)QN 200', 'Economic forecasting', '(classificationName=msc)62P05', 'Prognose', '(classificationName=msc)91Gxx']] | ['Subject Index'] | ['This chapter lists the terms that have contributed to the book Handbook of Economic Forecasting Volume 1 , such as acceptance sampling, acceptancerejection, adaptive expectations, and others. For the ease of the reader, these terms have been mentioned along with the page numbers in which they have appeared in the book.'] | ['gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633892'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | 19 | 128 |
3A1831633949.jsonld | ['gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4059787-8'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | ['mat'] | [['Economic forecasting', 'Periodicals', 'Modèles économétriques', '(classificationName=msc)00B15', 'Prognose', 'Economics', 'Economie', '(classificationName=msc)62P05', 'unobserved heterogeneity', '(classificationName=msc)62P20', 'Economic forecasting ; Econometric models', 'marketing', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=msc)91B82', '(classificationName=msc)62M20', 'Wirtschaftstheorie', 'Econometric models', '(classificationName=bk, id=106417320)85.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Betriebswirtschaft', '(classificationName=msc)91Gxx', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)mat', 'Prognoseverfahren', '(classificationName=rvk)QN 200', 'Prognoses', 'Bass model', '(classificationName=msc)62-06', 'forecasting', '(classificationName=rvk)QH 237', '(classificationName=msc)91B84', 'Prévision économique', 'attraction model', '(classificationName=msc)*91-06', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Koyck model', '(classificationName=loc)HB3730', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01/12', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0112']] | ['Chapter 18 Forecasting in Marketing'] | ['With the advent of advanced data collection techniques, there is an increased interest in using econometric models to support decisions in marketing. Due to the sometimes specific nature of variables in marketing, the discipline uses econometric models that are rarely, if ever, used elsewhere. This chapter deals with techniques to derive forecasts from these models. Due to the intrinsic non-linear nature of these models, these techniques draw heavily on simulation techniques.'] | ['gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633949'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | 16 | 129 |
3A1831633965.jsonld | ['gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4358095-6'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=msc)91B84', 'Prognoseverfahren', 'Modèles économétriques', 'Economic forecasting', 'coincident indicators', '(classificationName=msc)62-06', '(classificationName=rvk)QN 200', '(classificationName=rvk)QH 237', 'business cycles', 'forecasting', '(classificationName=bk, id=106417320)85.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Betriebswirtschaft', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01/12', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=msc)91B82', '(classificationName=msc)62P20', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)mat', 'Prognose', 'leading indicators', 'Economic forecasting ; Econometric models', 'Wirtschaftstheorie', '(classificationName=msc)*91-06', '(classificationName=msc)00B15', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0112', 'Periodicals', 'Prognoses', '(classificationName=msc)62M20', 'Prévision économique', '(classificationName=msc)91Gxx', 'Econometric models', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Economics', 'turning points', '(classificationName=loc)HB3730', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Economie', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', '(classificationName=msc)62P05']] | ['Chapter 16 Leading Indicators'] | ['In this chapter we provide a guide for the construction, use and evaluation of leading indicators, and an assessment of the most relevant recent developments in this field of economic forecasting. To begin with, we analyze the problem of indicator selection, choice of filtering methods, business cycle dating procedures to transform a continuous variable into a binary expansion/recession indicator, and methods for the construction of composite indexes. Next, we examine models and methods to transform the leading indicators into forecasts of the target variable. Finally, we consider the evaluation of the resulting leading indicator based forecasts, and review the recent literature on the forecasting performance of leading indicators.'] | ['gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633965'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | 19 | 130 |
3A1831633973.jsonld | ['gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4358095-6'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | ['mat'] | [['GARCH', '(classificationName=msc)91B84', 'Periodicals', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)mat', 'Prognose', 'Economic forecasting ; Econometric models', 'realized volatility', 'Prognoses', '(classificationName=msc)00B15', 'Wirtschaftstheorie', '(classificationName=msc)*91-06', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Economic forecasting', 'Economie', '(classificationName=msc)91B82', '(classificationName=msc)62P05', '(classificationName=msc)62P20', 'stochastic volatility', 'Economics', '(classificationName=rvk)QH 237', '(classificationName=loc)HB3730', '(classificationName=msc)62-06', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0112', 'volatility modeling', 'covariance forecasting', '(classificationName=bk, id=106417320)85.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Betriebswirtschaft', 'Prévision économique', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01/12', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', 'Econometric models', 'Prognoseverfahren', '(classificationName=rvk)QN 200', 'Modèles économétriques', '(classificationName=msc)62M20', '(classificationName=msc)91Gxx']] | ['Chapter 15 Volatility and Correlation Forecasting'] | ['Volatility has been one of the most active and successful areas of research in time series econometrics and economic forecasting in recent decades. This chapter provides a selective survey of the most important theoretical developments and empirical insights to emerge from this burgeoning literature, with a distinct focus on forecasting applications. Volatility is inherently latent, and Section 1 begins with a brief intuitive account of various key volatility concepts. Section 2 then discusses a series of different economic situations in which volatility plays a crucial role, ranging from the use of volatility forecasts in portfolio allocation to density forecasting in risk management. Sections 3–5 present a variety of alternative procedures for univariate volatility modeling and forecasting based on the GARCH, stochastic volatility and realized volatility paradigms, respectively. Section 6 extends the discussion to the multivariate problem of forecasting conditional covariances and correlations, and Section 7 discusses volatility forecast evaluation methods in both univariate and multivariate cases. Section 8 concludes briefly.'] | ['gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633973'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | 16 | 131 |
3A1831633981.jsonld | ['gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4047390-9'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | ['mat'] | [['Economie', '(classificationName=msc)00B15', '(classificationName=msc)62-06', 'Prognoses', '(classificationName=msc)62P20', 'Periodicals', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=msc)62P05', 'Economic forecasting', 'tests of rational expectations', '(classificationName=msc)91B82', 'Economics', '(classificationName=loc)HB3730', 'Prognoseverfahren', 'heterogeneity', '(classificationName=rvk)QH 237', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=rvk)QN 200', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)mat', '(classificationName=msc)62M20', 'Wirtschaftstheorie', '(classificationName=msc)91Gxx', 'Prévision économique', 'Prognose', '(classificationName=msc)*91-06', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0112', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', '(classificationName=msc)91B84', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01/12', 'survey data', '(classificationName=bk, id=106417320)85.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Betriebswirtschaft', 'models of expectations formation', 'Econometric models', 'Modèles économétriques', 'Economic forecasting ; Econometric models']] | ['Chapter 14 Survey Expectations'] | ['This paper focuses on survey expectations and discusses their uses for testing and modelling of expectations. Alternative models of expectations formation are reviewed and the importance of allowing for heterogeneity of expectations is emphasized. A weak form of the rational expectations hypothesis which focuses on average expectations rather than individual expectations is advanced. Other models of expectations formation, such as the adaptive expectations hypothesis, are briefly discussed. Testable implications of rational and extrapolative models of expectations are reviewed and the importance of the loss function for the interpretation of the test results is discussed. The paper then provides an account of the various surveys of expectations, reviews alternative methods of quantifying the qualitative surveys, and discusses the use of aggregate and individual survey responses in the analysis of expectations and for forecasting.'] | ['gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831633981'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | 16 | 132 |
3A1831634007.jsonld | ['gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'gnd:4059787-8'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | ['oek'] | [['Economic forecasting ; Econometric models', '(classificationName=msc)62P20', '(classificationName=msc)91B82', 'Econometric models', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0112', '(classificationName=loc)HB3730', 'structural breaks', 'Economie', '(classificationName=msc)00B15', '(classificationName=rvk)QN 200', 'economic forecasting', 'Modèles économétriques', 'cointegration', 'Economic forecasting', 'non-linear models', '(classificationName=msc)62M20', 'Economics', 'Wirtschaftstheorie', 'Prognoseverfahren', '(classificationName=msc)62P05', 'Electronic books', 'Periodicals', '(classificationName=msc)91Gxx', '(classificationName=msc)62-06', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', '(classificationName=bk, id=106417320)85.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Betriebswirtschaft', '(classificationName=rvk)QH 237', 'Prévision économique', 'Prognose', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01/12', 'Prognoses', '(classificationName=msc)91B84', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)mat', '(classificationName=msc)*91-06', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'break detection']] | ['Chapter 12 Forecasting with Breaks'] | ['A structural break is viewed as a permanent change in the parameter vector of a model. Using taxonomies of all sources of forecast errors for both conditional mean and conditional variance processes, we consider the impacts of breaks and their relevance in forecasting models: (a) where the breaks occur after forecasts are announced; and (b) where they occur in-sample and hence pre-forecasting. The impact on forecasts depends on which features of the models are non-constant. Different models and methods are shown to fare differently in the face of breaks. While structural breaks induce an instability in some parameters of a particular model, the consequences for forecasting are specific to the type of break and form of model. We present a detailed analysis for cointegrated VARs, given the popularity of such models in econometrics. We also consider the detection of breaks, and how to handle breaks in a forecasting context, including ad hoc forecasting devices and the choice of the estimation period. Finally, we contrast the impact of structural break non-constancies with non-constancies due to non-linearity. The main focus is on macro-economic, rather than finance, data, and on forecast biases, rather than higher moments. Nevertheless, we show the relevance of some of the key results for variance processes. An empirical exercise ‘forecasts’ UK unemployment after three major historical crises.'] | ['gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634007'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | 19 | 133 |
3A1831634023.jsonld | ['gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | ['mat'] | [['Prévision économique', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', '(classificationName=msc)*91-06', '(classificationName=msc)62M20', '(classificationName=msc)00B15', 'Prognoseverfahren', 'dynamic factor models', '(classificationName=msc)91B82', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01/12', 'Modèles économétriques', 'Electronic books', 'Economics', '(classificationName=rvk)QN 200', '(classificationName=msc)91Gxx', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=msc)62P20', 'Prognoses', 'empirical Bayes forecasts', 'principal components analysis', 'shrinkage forecasts', 'Bayesian model averaging', '(classificationName=msc)62-06', 'Econometric models', 'Periodicals', '(classificationName=msc)62P05', '(classificationName=msc)91B84', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', '(classificationName=rvk)QH 237', '(classificationName=loc)HB3730', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)mat', 'Prognose', 'Economic forecasting', 'Wirtschaftstheorie', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0112', 'forecast combining', '(classificationName=bk, id=106417320)85.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Betriebswirtschaft', 'Economie', 'Economic forecasting ; Econometric models']] | ['Chapter 10 Forecasting with Many Predictors'] | ['Historically, time series forecasts of economic variables have used only a handful of predictor variables, while forecasts based on a large number of predictors have been the province of judgmental forecasts and large structural econometric models. The past decade, however, has seen considerable progress in the development of time series forecasting methods that exploit many predictors, and this chapter surveys these methods. The first group of methods considered is forecast combination (forecast pooling), in which a single forecast is produced from a panel of many forecasts. The second group of methods is based on dynamic factor models, in which the comovements among a large number of economic variables are treated as arising from a small number of unobserved sources, or factors. In a dynamic factor model, estimates of the factors (which become increasingly precise as the number of series increases) can be used to forecast individual economic variables. The third group of methods is Bayesian model averaging, in which the forecasts from very many models, which differ in their constituent variables, are averaged based on the posterior probability assigned to each model. The chapter also discusses empirical Bayes methods, in which the hyperparameters of the priors are estimated. An empirical illustration applies these different methods to the problem of forecasting the growth rate of the U.S. index of industrial production with 130 predictor variables.'] | ['gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634023'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | 16 | 134 |
3A1831634031.jsonld | ['gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'gnd:4047390-9'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', 'QuickNet', '(classificationName=msc)00B15', '(classificationName=msc)*91-06', 'Prognoseverfahren', 'Economic forecasting', 'model selection', '(classificationName=msc)62-06', 'Electronic books', 'Modèles économétriques', 'Economics', 'Periodicals', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0112', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'nonlinear methods', '(classificationName=rvk)QH 237', '(classificationName=msc)62P05', '(classificationName=rvk)QN 200', 'Prévision économique', '(classificationName=bk, id=106417320)85.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Betriebswirtschaft', 'Prognoses', 'Economie', '(classificationName=msc)91B82', 'artificial neural networks', '(classificationName=msc)91B84', 'approximation', '(classificationName=loc)HB3730', '(classificationName=msc)62M20', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)mat', 'ridgelets', 'Prognose', 'Wirtschaftstheorie', '(classificationName=msc)62P20', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01/12', 'prediction', 'Econometric models', 'highly nonlinear methods', 'Economic forecasting ; Econometric models', 'forecast explanation', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'misspecification', '(classificationName=msc)91Gxx']] | ['Chapter 9 Approximate Nonlinear Forecasting Methods'] | ['We review key aspects of forecasting using nonlinear models. Because economic models are typically misspecified, the resulting forecasts provide only an approximation to the best possible forecast. Although it is in principle possible to obtain superior approximations to the optimal forecast using nonlinear methods, there are some potentially serious practical challenges. Primary among these are computational difficulties, the dangers of overfit, and potential difficulties of interpretation. In this chapter we discuss these issues in detail. Then we propose and illustrate the use of a new family of methods (QuickNet) that achieves the benefits of using a forecasting model that is nonlinear in the predictors while avoiding or mitigating the other challenges to the use of nonlinear forecasting methods.'] | ['gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634031'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | 19 | 135 |
3A183163404X.jsonld | ['gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=msc)62-06', 'switching regression', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)mat', 'smooth transition regression', 'Economic forecasting ; Econometric models', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', '(classificationName=msc)62P20', 'Economics', 'Periodicals', 'Economic forecasting', '(classificationName=msc)00B15', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', '(classificationName=loc)HB3730', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01/12', 'Econometric models', 'Prognoseverfahren', 'forecast comparison', 'Prévision économique', '(classificationName=msc)91B82', 'Prognose', 'Prognoses', 'Economie', '(classificationName=rvk)QH 237', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=bk, id=106417320)85.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Betriebswirtschaft', 'neural network', '(classificationName=msc)*91-06', 'Markov switching', '(classificationName=msc)62P05', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=msc)91B84', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0112', '(classificationName=msc)62M20', 'nonlinear modelling', 'Wirtschaftstheorie', '(classificationName=rvk)QN 200', 'Modèles économétriques', '(classificationName=msc)91Gxx', 'threshold autoregression']] | ['Chapter 8 Forecasting economic variables with nonlinear models'] | ['The topic of this chapter is forecasting with nonlinear models. First, a number of well-known nonlinear models are introduced and their properties discussed. These include the smooth transition regression model, the switching regression model whose univariate counterpart is called threshold autoregressive model, the Markov-switching or hidden Markov regression model, the artificial neural network model, and a couple of other models. Many of these nonlinear models nest a linear model. For this reason, it is advisable to test linearity before estimating the nonlinear model one thinks will fit the data. A number of linearity tests are discussed. These form a part of model specification: the remaining steps of nonlinear model building are parameter estimation and evaluation that are also briefly considered. There are two possibilities of generating forecasts from nonlinear models. Sometimes it is possible to use analytical formulas as in linear models. In many other cases, however, forecasts more than one periods ahead have to be generated numerically. Methods for doing that are presented and compared. The accuracy of point forecasts can be compared using various criteria and statistical tests. Some of these tests have the property that they are not applicable when one of the two models under comparison nests the other one. Tests that have been developed in order to work in this situation are described. The chapter also contains a simulation study showing how, in some situations, forecasts from a correctly specified nonlinear model may be inferior to ones from a certain linear model. There exist relatively large studies in which the forecasting performance of nonlinear models is compared with that of linear models using actual macroeconomic series. Main features of some such studies are briefly presented and lessons from them described. In general, no dominant nonlinear (or linear) model has emerged.'] | ['gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A183163404X'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | 19 | 136 |
3A1831634058.jsonld | ['gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4066399-1'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | ['oek'] | [['continuous time', 'Periodicals', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', '(classificationName=bk, id=106417320)85.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Betriebswirtschaft', '(classificationName=msc)*91-06', 'state space', '(classificationName=loc)HB3730', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0112', 'Modèles économétriques', 'Econometric models', '(classificationName=msc)62M20', '(classificationName=msc)62-06', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)mat', 'Prognoseverfahren', '(classificationName=msc)62P20', 'Prognose', 'Economic forecasting', '(classificationName=msc)91B82', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', '(classificationName=msc)00B15', '(classificationName=msc)62P05', '(classificationName=msc)91Gxx', '(classificationName=rvk)QN 200', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01/12', 'Prévision économique', 'stochastic volatility', 'Economics', 'Economic forecasting ; Econometric models', 'Kalman filter', 'stochastic trend', 'non-Gaussian models', 'Prognoses', 'Wirtschaftstheorie', 'Electronic books', 'Economie', '(classificationName=rvk)QH 237', 'cycles', '(classificationName=msc)91B84', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek']] | ['Chapter 7 Forecasting with Unobserved Components Time Series Models'] | ['Structural time series models are formulated in terms of components, such as trends, seasonals and cycles, that have a direct interpretation. As well as providing a framework for time series decomposition by signal extraction, they can be used for forecasting and for ‘nowcasting’. The structural interpretation allows extensions to classes of models that are able to deal with various issues in multivariate series and to cope with non-Gaussian observations and nonlinear models. The statistical treatment is by the state space form and hence data irregularities such as missing observations are easily handled. Continuous time models offer further flexibility in that they can handle irregular spacing. The paper compares the forecasting performance of structural time series models with ARIMA and autoregressive models. Results are presented showing how observations in linear state space models are implicitly weighted in making forecasts and hence how autoregressive and vector error correction representations can be obtained. The use of an auxiliary series in forecasting and nowcasting is discussed. A final section compares stochastic volatility models with GARCH.'] | ['gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634058'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | 19 | 137 |
3A1831634066.jsonld | ['gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'gnd:4059787-8'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | ['oek'] | [['Kronecker indices', 'vector error correction model', '(classificationName=bk, id=106417320)85.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Betriebswirtschaft', '(classificationName=msc)62-06', 'Economic forecasting ; Econometric models', '(classificationName=msc)91Gxx', 'Prognoseverfahren', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)mat', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01/12', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'model selection', '(classificationName=msc)00B15', 'cointegration', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', 'echelon form', '(classificationName=msc)62P05', 'Wirtschaftstheorie', 'Economie', 'vector autoregressive process', 'Economics', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Economic forecasting', 'Prognose', '(classificationName=msc)62P20', '(classificationName=msc)91B82', 'Electronic books', 'Modèles économétriques', 'Prognoses', '(classificationName=rvk)QH 237', '(classificationName=msc)*91-06', 'Econometric models', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0112', '(classificationName=msc)91B84', '(classificationName=rvk)QN 200', 'Periodicals', '(classificationName=loc)HB3730', 'Prévision économique', '(classificationName=msc)62M20']] | ['Chapter 6 Forecasting with VARMA Models'] | ['Vector autoregressive moving-average (VARMA) processes are suitable models for producing linear forecasts of sets of time series variables. They provide parsimonious representations of linear data generation processes. The setup for these processes in the presence of stationary and cointegrated variables is considered. Moreover, unique or identified parameterizations based on the echelon form are presented. Model specification, estimation, model checking and forecasting are discussed. Special attention is paid to forecasting issues related to contemporaneously and temporally aggregated VARMA processes. Predictors for aggregated variables based alternatively on past information in the aggregated variables or on disaggregated information are compared.'] | ['gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634066'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | 19 | 138 |
3A1831634074.jsonld | ['gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4066399-1'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | ['oek'] | [['Wirtschaftstheorie', 'Economics', '(classificationName=msc)62M20', 'Periodicals', 'Prognoses', 'Prognose', 'forecast accuracy testing', 'Modèles économétriques', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=bk, id=106417320)85.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Betriebswirtschaft', '(classificationName=msc)91Gxx', '(classificationName=msc)*91-06', '(classificationName=rvk)QN 200', 'rolling and recursive estimation scheme', '(classificationName=loc)HB3730', '(classificationName=msc)62-06', '(classificationName=msc)91B84', 'parametric and nonparametric methods', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01/12', '(classificationName=msc)62P05', '(classificationName=msc)62P20', 'parameter estimation error', '(classificationName=msc)91B82', 'Econometric models', 'Economic forecasting', 'Economie', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0112', 'mean square error', 'Prognoseverfahren', 'Economic forecasting ; Econometric models', 'density and conditional distribution', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)mat', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'prediction', '(classificationName=msc)00B15', 'Prévision économique', '(classificationName=rvk)QH 237', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', 'block bootstrap']] | ['Chapter 5 Predictive Density Evaluation'] | ['This chapter discusses estimation, specification testing, and model selection of predictive density models. In particular, predictive density estimation is briefly discussed, and a variety of different specification and model evaluation tests due to various authors including Christoffersen and Diebold [Christoffersen, P., Diebold, F.X. (2000). “How relevant is volatility forecasting for financial risk management?”. Review of Economics and Statistics 82, 12–22], Diebold, Gunther and Tay [Diebold, F.X., Gunther, T., Tay, A.S. (1998). “Evaluating density forecasts with applications to finance and management”. International Economic Review 39, 863–883], Diebold, Hahn and Tay [Diebold, F.X., Hahn, J., Tay, A.S. (1999). “Multivariate density forecast evaluation and calibration in financial risk management: High frequency returns on foreign exchange”. Review of Economics and Statistics 81, 661–673], White [White, H. (2000). “A reality check for data snooping”. Econometrica 68, 1097–1126], Bai [Bai, J. (2003). “Testing parametric conditional distributions of dynamic models”. Review of Economics and Statistics 85, 531–549], Corradi and Swanson [Corradi, V., Swanson, N.R. (2005a). “A test for comparing multiple misspecified conditional distributions”. Econometric Theory 21, 991–1016; Corradi, V., Swanson, N.R. (2005b). “Nonparametric bootstrap procedures for predictive inference based on recursive estimation schemes”. Working Paper, Rutgers University; Corradi, V., Swanson, N.R. (2006a). “Bootstrap conditional distribution tests in the presence of dynamic misspecification”. Journal of Econometrics, in press; Corradi, V., Swanson, N.R. (2006b). “Predictive density and conditional confidence interval accuracy tests”. Journal of Econometrics, in press], Hong and Li [Hong, Y.M., Li, H.F. (2003). “Nonparametric specification testing for continuous time models with applications to term structure of interest rates”. Review of Financial Studies, 18, 37–84], and others are reviewed. Extensions of some existing techniques to the case of out-of-sample evaluation are also provided, and asymptotic results associated with these extensions are outlined.'] | ['gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634074'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | 19 | 139 |
3A1831634082.jsonld | ['gnd:4358095-6', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4132280-0'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | ['mat'] | [['Periodicals', '(classificationName=msc)*91-06', '(classificationName=msc)62M20', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0112', 'Econometric models', 'Prévision économique', 'pooling and trimming', '(classificationName=msc)62-06', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Prognoseverfahren', '(classificationName=bk, id=106417320)85.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Betriebswirtschaft', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', '(classificationName=msc)91Gxx', 'model misspecification', '(classificationName=msc)00B15', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=msc)91B82', 'Prognose', '(classificationName=loc)HB3730', 'Economic forecasting', 'forecast combinations', '(classificationName=msc)62P20', 'diversification gains', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)mat', 'Economics', 'Modèles économétriques', 'Economie', '(classificationName=msc)62P05', '(classificationName=rvk)QN 200', 'shrinkage methods', 'Wirtschaftstheorie', '(classificationName=rvk)QH 237', 'Prognoses', 'Economic forecasting ; Econometric models', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01/12', '(classificationName=msc)91B84']] | ['Chapter 4 Forecast Combinations'] | ["Forecast combinations have frequently been found in empirical studies to produce better forecasts on average than methods based on the ex ante best individual forecasting model. Moreover, simple combinations that ignore correlations between forecast errors often dominate more refined combination schemes aimed at estimating the theoretically optimal combination weights. In this chapter we analyze theoretically the factors that determine the advantages from combining forecasts (for example, the degree of correlation between forecast errors and the relative size of the individual models' forecast error variances). Although the reasons for the success of simple combination schemes are poorly understood, we discuss several possibilities related to model misspecification, instability (non-stationarities) and estimation error in situations where the number of models is large relative to the available sample size. We discuss the role of combinations under asymmetric loss and consider combinations of point, interval and probability forecasts."] | ['gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634082'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | 16 | 140 |
3A1831634104.jsonld | ['gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4358095-6'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | ['mat'] | [['Electronic books', 'Econometric models', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', 'Periodicals', '(classificationName=msc)62-06', 'loss functions', 'Prognoses', '(classificationName=rvk)QN 200', 'Modèles économétriques', '(classificationName=msc)91B82', '(classificationName=msc)91B84', 'Economic forecasting ; Econometric models', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=msc)00B15', 'Wirtschaftstheorie', '(classificationName=msc)62P05', 'decision theory', 'Economics', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0112', 'Prévision économique', 'Prognoseverfahren', 'Prognose', '(classificationName=msc)91Gxx', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', '(classificationName=bk, id=106417320)85.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Betriebswirtschaft', '(classificationName=rvk)QH 237', '(classificationName=msc)*91-06', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01/12', '(classificationName=loc)HB3730', 'Economie', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)mat', 'Economic forecasting', '(classificationName=msc)62P20', 'forecasting', 'decision-based loss functions', '(classificationName=msc)62M20']] | ['Chapter 2 Forecasting and Decision Theory'] | ["When forecasts of the future value of some variable, or the probability of some event, are used for purposes of ex ante planning or decision making, then the preferences, opportunities and constraints of the decision maker will all enter into the ex post evaluation of a forecast, and the ex post comparison of alternative forecasts. After a presenting a brief review of early work in the area of forecasting and decision theory, this chapter formally examines the manner in which the features of an agent's decision problem combine to generate an appropriate decision-based loss function for that agent's use in forecast evaluation. Decision-based loss functions are shown to exhibit certain necessary properties, and the relationship between the functional form of a decision-based loss function and the functional form of the agent's underlying utility function is characterized. In particular, the standard squared-error loss function is shown to imply highly restrictive and not particularly realistic properties on underlying preferences, which are not justified by the use of a standard local quadratic approximation. A class of more realistic loss functions (“location-dependent loss functions”) is proposed."] | ['gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634104'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | 16 | 141 |
3A1831634112.jsonld | ['gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'gnd:4059787-8'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=linseach:mapping)mat', '(classificationName=bk, id=106405373)83.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Volkswirtschaft', '(classificationName=msc)62P05', 'Markov chain Monte Carlo', 'predictive distribution', 'Economic forecasting', 'Modèles économétriques', 'Wirtschaftstheorie', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=bk, id=106417320)85.03 - Methoden und Techniken der Betriebswirtschaft', '(classificationName=rvk)QN 200', 'vector autoregression', '(classificationName=msc)62-06', 'probability forecasting', '(classificationName=ddc)330.0112', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=msc)62P20', 'Prognoseverfahren', 'Economic forecasting ; Econometric models', '(classificationName=loc)HB3730', 'Prognoses', 'Prognose', 'Econometric models', '(classificationName=msc)91B84', 'simulation', '(classificationName=msc)91B82', '(classificationName=msc)00B15', '(classificationName=msc)91Gxx', 'Periodicals', 'Economics', '(classificationName=ddc)330.01/12', 'Economie', 'Wirtschaftsforschung', 'Prévision économique', '(classificationName=msc)*91-06', '(classificationName=rvk)QH 237', '(classificationName=msc)62M20']] | ['Chapter 1 Bayesian Forecasting'] | ['Bayesian forecasting is a natural product of a Bayesian approach to inference. The Bayesian approach in general requires explicit formulation of a model, and conditioning on known quantities, in order to draw inferences about unknown ones. In Bayesian forecasting, one simply takes a subset of the unknown quantities to be future values of some variables of interest. This chapter presents the principles of Bayesian forecasting, and describes recent advances in computational capabilities for applying them that have dramatically expanded the scope of applicability of the Bayesian approach. It describes historical developments and the analytic compromises that were necessary prior to recent developments, the application of the new procedures in a variety of examples, and reports on two long-term Bayesian forecasting exercises.'] | ['gnd:4047390-9', 'gnd:4059787-8', 'gnd:4066399-1', 'gnd:4132280-0', 'gnd:4358095-6', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634112'] | ['Prognose', 'Theorie', 'Wirtschaft', 'Ökonometrie', 'Prognoseverfahren'] | 19 | 142 |
3A1831634155.jsonld | ['gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'gnd:4006664-2'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | ['pae'] | [['Economic aspects', 'Bildungsökonomie', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=ddc)338.4/7370973', 'Éducation', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414623)85.04 - Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen', 'Education ; Finance', 'Wages', 'Education ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=loc)LC66', 'États-Unis', '(classificationName=ddc)338.47370973', "Salaires, Effets de l'éducation sur les", 'Education', 'United States', '(classificationName=bk, id=106416340)83.14 - Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Arbeitsmarkt', 'Finance', 'Finances', 'Wages ; Effect of education on', 'Aspect économique', 'Effect of education on', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae', '(classificationName=ddc)370.973']] | ['Author Index'] | ['This chapter lists the names of the people who have contributed to the book Handbook of the Economics of Education , such as Aaron, P., Aaronson, D., Abbott-Shim, M., and others. Their names have been mentioned along with the page number in which their names appear in the bookfor the ease of the reader.'] | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634155'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | 20 | 143 |
3A183163418X.jsonld | ['gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'gnd:4006664-2'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | ['oek'] | [['Finance', 'Aspect économique', 'Finances', 'Effect of education on', 'Education ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae', '(classificationName=ddc)370.973', 'Bildungsökonomie', '(classificationName=loc)LC66', 'Economic aspects', 'États-Unis', '(classificationName=ddc)338.47370973', '(classificationName=ddc)338.4/7370973', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414623)85.04 - Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen', 'Éducation', '(classificationName=bk, id=106416340)83.14 - Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Arbeitsmarkt', 'Education ; Finance', 'Education', 'Wages ; Effect of education on', "Salaires, Effets de l'éducation sur les", 'United States', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Wages']] | ['Introduction to the Series'] | ['The series Handbooks in Economics produces handbooks for various branches of economics, each of which is a definitive source, reference, and teaching supplement for use by professional researchers and advanced graduate students. Each handbook provides self-contained surveys of the current state of a branch of economics in the form of chapters prepared by leading specialists on various aspects of this branch of economics. These surveys summarize not only received results but also newer developments, from recent journal articles and discussion papers. Some original material is also included, but the main goal is to provide comprehensive and accessible surveys.'] | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A183163418X'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | 19 | 144 |
3A1831634198.jsonld | ['gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'gnd:4006664-2'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | ['oek'] | [['Éducation', '(classificationName=bk, id=106416340)83.14 - Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Arbeitsmarkt', 'HECS', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae', '(classificationName=loc)LC66', 'Wages ; Effect of education on', 'Finance', '(classificationName=ddc)338.4/7370973', 'Finances', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414623)85.04 - Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen', "Salaires, Effets de l'éducation sur les", 'Education', 'Aspect économique', 'États-Unis', 'student loans', 'Wages', 'Effect of education on', 'Education ; Finance', 'Bildungsökonomie', 'higher education financing', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'income contingent loans', 'Education ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=ddc)370.973', 'Economic aspects', 'United States', '(classificationName=ddc)338.47370973']] | ['Chapter 25 Income Contingent Loans for Higher Education: International Reforms'] | ["It is well known that higher education financing involves uncertainty and risk with respect to students' future economic fortunes, and an unwillingness of banks to provide loans because of the absence of collateral. It follows that without government intervention there will be both socially sub-optimal and regressive outcomes with respect to the provision of higher education. The historically most common response to this market failure – a government guarantee to repay student loans to banks in the event of default – is associated with significant problems. Income contingent loans offer a possible solution. Since the late 1980s ICLs have been adopted in, or recommended for, a significant and growing number of countries, and it is this important international policy reform that has motivated the chapter. An ICL provides students with finance for tuition and/or income support, its critical and defining characteristic being that the collection of the debt depends on the borrowers' future capacity to pay. ICL have two major insurance advantages for borrowers over more typical arrangements: default protection and consumption smoothing. With reference to countries with both successful and unsuccessful ICL, the chapter illustrates that the operational and design features of such schemes are of fundamental importance with respect to their potential efficacy. It also seems to be the case that in many institutional and political environments there is not yet the administrative sophistication to make ICLs viable, although for reasons documented this is unlikely to be the case for the vast majority of OECD countries. For one country, Australia, there is now a significant amount of research into the consequences of an ICL, and the evidence is explored in some detail. The investigation into the Australian experience helps in the development of a research agenda."] | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634198'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | 19 | 145 |
3A1831634201.jsonld | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | ['oek'] | [["Salaires, Effets de l'éducation sur les", 'higher education', '(classificationName=ddc)338.47370973', '(classificationName=loc)LC66', 'Education', 'Éducation', 'Finances', '(classificationName=ddc)370.973', 'Aspect économique', 'Finance', 'Bildungsökonomie', 'Wages', 'Education ; Finance', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae', 'Economic aspects', 'student aid', 'college', 'Effect of education on', 'United States', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414623)85.04 - Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen', '(classificationName=bk, id=106416340)83.14 - Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Arbeitsmarkt', 'États-Unis', 'Education ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=ddc)338.4/7370973', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'university', 'finance', 'Wages ; Effect of education on']] | ['Chapter 24 US Higher Education Finance'] | ['We review basic facts about higher education finance in the United States and analytical, empirical and policy issues in that realm. Examining trends in higher education finance, we demonstrate growth in the share of revenues provided by government up to about 1980, with a steady decline thereafter. Student financial aid, a feature of growing importance, is awarded to students on the basis both of financial need and academic (and other) merit, with merit influencing not only total amounts of aid received but also the “quality” of aid packages, as indexed by the fraction of aid in the form of grants rather than loans or work. Although nearly two-thirds of American high school graduates now attend some form of post-secondary education, both whether and where they attend are importantly influenced by family background. Among students who score well on aptitude tests in high school, 95% of those from affluent family backgrounds attend college immediately following graduation, while only about 75% of those from low SES backgrounds do. High-income students are also more likely to attend private universities and colleges than are lower-income students, who are particularly likely to attend community colleges. Much more attention has been devoted to examining the demand for higher education than to explaining its supply. We review a number of topics on the supply side, including the state of evidence concerning the pricing and output levels of government financed and of nonprofit institutions as well as concerning the impact of government financial aid policies on institutional pricing and aid decisions. An important analytical and empirical challenge in studying higher education supply is the fact that institutional enrollment levels are regulated by selective admissions as well as by price.'] | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634201'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | 19 | 146 |
3A1831634228.jsonld | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | ['oek'] | [['school competition', 'Wages ; Effect of education on', 'Éducation', 'Bildungsökonomie', 'Education', "Salaires, Effets de l'éducation sur les", '(classificationName=ddc)338.47370973', 'Effect of education on', 'Finance', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae', 'Education ; Finance', 'Aspect économique', '(classificationName=ddc)370.973', 'Economic aspects', 'peers', 'peer effects', 'United States', 'Finances', 'États-Unis', 'Wages', 'segregation', '(classificationName=loc)LC66', '(classificationName=bk, id=106416340)83.14 - Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Arbeitsmarkt', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'sorting', '(classificationName=ddc)338.4/7370973', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414623)85.04 - Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen', 'vouchers', 'Education ; Economic aspects']] | ['Chapter 22 Income and Peer Quality Sorting in Public and Private Schools'] | ['Any system of primary and secondary schools involves explicit or implicit mechanisms that ration not only financial but also nonfinancial inputs into education production. This chapter focuses primarily on such mechanisms as they relate to the sorting of parents and children into schools and classrooms. Three primary mechanisms are reviewed: (1) sorting that emerges through residential location choices within housing markets that are linked to schools; (2) sorting that arises from parental choices to send children to private rather than public schools; and (3) sorting within schools that results from explicit tracking policies. The equilibrium level of sorting (along parental income and child peer quality dimensions) then depends on both the specifics of how education production works and the overall characteristics of the general equilibrium environment within which schools operate. We review the theoretical as well as the related simulation-based literature in this area and suggest that much potential exists for increasing empirical relevance of the emerging models for policy analysis, particularly as a related empirical literature comes to better terms with the nature of peer effects in education production.'] | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634228'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | 19 | 147 |
3A1831634252.jsonld | ['gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'gnd:4006664-2'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | ['pae'] | [['États-Unis', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'United States', 'teachers', '(classificationName=bk, id=106416340)83.14 - Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Arbeitsmarkt', 'Economic aspects', 'Effect of education on', '(classificationName=ddc)338.47370973', 'Wages ; Effect of education on', 'Bildungsökonomie', 'Éducation', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414623)85.04 - Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen', 'Education ; Economic aspects', 'Education', 'Finance', "Salaires, Effets de l'éducation sur les", 'labor supply', 'Education ; Finance', '(classificationName=ddc)338.4/7370973', 'Wages', 'Finances', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae', '(classificationName=loc)LC66', 'occupational choice', 'Aspect économique', '(classificationName=ddc)370.973']] | ['Chapter 19 Teacher Supply'] | ["This chapter presents an overview of economic models of teacher supply and explains the modeling implications for both cross-section and time series econometric modeling. Specifically the literature on the determinants of teacher recruitment, turnover, mobility and re-entry into the profession are reviewed. It reviews the empirical evidence from the US, the UK on the labor supply of teachers and assesses the variation in teacher's real pay across in aggregate across 35 countries in the world. It also provides suggests for fruitful areas of future research."] | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634252'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | 20 | 148 |
3A1831634260.jsonld | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'gnd:4036229-2'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | ['oek'] | [['incentives', 'Finances', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae', "Salaires, Effets de l'éducation sur les", 'teacher test scores', 'Wages', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=ddc)338.4/7370973', 'Wages ; Effect of education on', 'Aspect économique', 'Effect of education on', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414623)85.04 - Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen', 'teacher education', '(classificationName=loc)LC66', 'Éducation', 'teacher experience', 'Economic aspects', 'Education ; Economic aspects', 'United States', 'Education ; Finance', '(classificationName=ddc)370.973', '(classificationName=bk, id=106416340)83.14 - Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Arbeitsmarkt', 'teacher salaries', 'Finance', 'Bildungsökonomie', '(classificationName=ddc)338.47370973', 'États-Unis', 'Education']] | ['Chapter 18 Teacher Quality'] | ['Improving the quality of instruction is a central component to virtually all proposals to raise school quality. Unfortunately, policy recommendations often ignore existing evidence about teacher labor markets and the determinants of teacher effectiveness in the classroom. This chapter reviews research on teacher labor markets, the importance of teacher quality in the determination of student achievement, and the extent to which specific observable characteristics often related to hiring decisions and salary explain the variation in the quality of instruction. The evidence is applied to the comparison between policies that seek to raise quality by tightening the qualifications needed to enter teaching and policies that seek to raise quality by simultaneously loosening entry restrictions and introducing performance incentives for teachers and administrators.'] | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634260'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | 19 | 149 |
3A1831634287.jsonld | ['gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4112628-2'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | ['pae'] | [['Aspect économique', 'Éducation', '(classificationName=loc)LC66', 'Effect of education on', 'Education ; Finance', 'United States', 'Wages', 'school reform', 'randomized evaluations', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Bildungsökonomie', 'Wages ; Effect of education on', 'Finances', '(classificationName=ddc)338.4/7370973', 'Education ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414623)85.04 - Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen', 'school enrollment', '(classificationName=ddc)370.973', 'États-Unis', 'school finance', 'learning', '(classificationName=ddc)338.47370973', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae', '(classificationName=bk, id=106416340)83.14 - Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Arbeitsmarkt', 'Finance', 'Education', 'academic skills', 'education', 'quality of education', 'Economic aspects', "Salaires, Effets de l'éducation sur les", 'health and schooling', 'developing countries']] | ['Chapter 16 Schools, Teachers, and Education Outcomes in Developing Countries'] | ["About 80% of the world's children live in developing countries. Their well-being as adults depends heavily on the education they receive. School enrollment rates have increased dramatically in developing counties since 1960, but many children still leave school at a young age and often learn little while in school. This chapter reviews recent research on the impact of education and other policies on the quantity and quality of education obtained by children in developing countries. The policies considered include not only provision of basic inputs but also policies that change the way that schools are organized. While much has been learned about how to raise enrollment rates, less is known about how to increase learning. Randomized studies offer the most promise for understanding the impact of policies on learning."] | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634287'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | 20 | 150 |
3A1831634309.jsonld | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | ['oek'] | [['Bildungsökonomie', 'educational standards', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414623)85.04 - Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen', 'peer learning externalities', 'signaling achievement', 'Education ; Finance', 'PISA (Program for International Student Assessment)', 'Education', 'student motivation', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae', 'Finances', 'high school exit exams', 'academic achievement', '(classificationName=ddc)370.973', 'academic climate', '(classificationName=loc)LC66', 'student accountability', 'Education ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Wages ; Effect of education on', '(classificationName=ddc)338.47370973', 'Economic aspects', 'Effect of education on', 'student norms', '(classificationName=ddc)338.4/7370973', 'human capital theory', 'payoffs to academic achievement', 'K-12 education', 'peer culture', 'peer effects', 'United States', 'Wages', 'États-Unis', 'Éducation', 'homework', 'secondary education', 'student engagement', '(classificationName=bk, id=106416340)83.14 - Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Arbeitsmarkt', 'nerd harassment', 'Aspect économique', "Salaires, Effets de l'éducation sur les", 'Finance']] | ['Chapter 15 Drinking from the Fountain of Knowledge: Student Incentive to Study and Learn – Externalities, Information Problems and Peer Pressure'] | ["Students face four decision margins: (a) How many years to spend in school, (b) What to study, (c) How much effort to devote to learning per year and (d) Whether to disrupt or assist the learning of classmates. The thousands of studies that have applied human capital theory to the first two questions are reviewed elsewhere in this volume and the Handbook series. This chapter reviews an emerging economic literature on the effects of and determinants of student effort and cooperativeness and how putting student motivation and behavior at center of one's theoretical framework changes one's view of how schools operate and how they might be made more effective. In this new framework students have a dual role. They are both (a) investors/consumers who choose which goals (outputs) to focus on and how much effort to put into each goal and (b) workers getting instruction and guidance from their first-line supervisors, the teachers. A simple model is presented in which the behavior of students, teachers and administrators depends on the incentives facing them and the actions of the other actors in the system. The incentives, in turn, depend upon the cost and reliability of the information (signals) that is generated about the various inputs and outputs of the system. Our review of empirical research support many of the predictions of the model. Student effort, engagement and discipline vary a lot within schools, across schools and across nations and have significant effects on learning. Higher extrinsic rewards for learning are associated the taking of more rigorous courses, teachers setting higher standards and more time devoted to homework. Taking more rigorous courses and studying harder increase student achievement. Post-World War II trends in study effort and course rigor, for example, are positively correlated with achievement trends. Even though, greater rigor and higher standards improve learning, parents and students prefer easy teachers. They pressure tough teachers to lower standards and sign up for courses taught by easy graders. Curriculum-based external exit examinations (CBEEES) improve the signaling of academic achievement to colleges and the labor market and this increases extrinsic rewards for learning. Cross-section studies suggest that CBEEES result in greater focus on academics, more tutoring of lagging students, and higher levels of achievement. Minimum competency examinations (MCE) do not have significant effects on learning or dropout rates but they do appear to have positive effects on the reputation of high school graduates. As a result, students from MCE states earn significantly more than students from states without MCEs and the effect lasts at least eight years. Students who attend schools with studious well-behaved classmates learn more. Disruptive students generate negative production externalities and cooperative hard-working students create positive production externalities. Peer effects are also generated by the norms of student peer cultures that encourage disruptive students and harass nerds. In addition learning is poorly signaled to employers and colleges. Thus, market signals and the norms of student peer culture do not internalize the externalities that are pervasive in school settings and as a result students typically devote less effort to studying than the taxpayers who fund schools would wish."] | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634309'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | 19 | 151 |
3A1831634392.jsonld | ['gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4112628-2'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | ['pae'] | [['United States', 'Wages', '(classificationName=ddc)370.973', 'Education', 'Economics of education', '(classificationName=loc)LC66', 'educational finance', 'Social economics and policy', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Éducation', 'Finances', 'Economic aspects', "Salaires, Effets de l'éducation sur les", 'Effect of education on', 'Aspect économique', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414623)85.04 - Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen', 'education', '(classificationName=bk, id=106416340)83.14 - Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Arbeitsmarkt', 'government policy', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae', 'Finance', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=ddc)338.47370973', '(classificationName=rvk)QX 800', 'États-Unis', 'skill formation']] | ['Chapter 12 Interpreting the Evidence on Life Cycle Skill Formation'] | ['This paper presents economic models of child development that capture the essence of recent findings from the empirical literature on skill formation. The goal of this essay is to provide a theoretical framework for interpreting the evidence from a vast empirical literature, for guiding the next generation of empirical studies, and for formulating policy. Central to our analysis is the concept that childhood has more than one stage. We formalize the concepts of self-productivity and complementarity of human capital investments and use them to explain the evidence on skill formation. Together, they explain why skill begets skill through a multiplier process. Skill formation is a life cycle process. It starts in the womb and goes on throughout life. Families play a role in this process that is far more important than the role of schools. There are multiple skills and multiple abilities that are important for adult success. Abilities are both inherited and created, and the traditional debate about nature versus nurture is scientifically obsolete. Human capital investment exhibits both self-productivity and complementarity. Skill attainment at one stage of the life cycle raises skill attainment at later stages of the life cycle (self-productivity). Early investment facilitates the productivity of later investment (complementarity). Early investments are not productive if they are not followed up by later investments (another aspect of complementarity). This complementarity explains why there is no equity-efficiency trade-off for early investment. The returns to investing early in the life cycle are high. Remediation of inadequate early investments is difficult and very costly as a consequence of both self-productivity and complementarity.'] | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634392'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | 20 | 152 |
3A1831634422.jsonld | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'gnd:4036229-2'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | ['pae'] | [['(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Aspect économique', 'basic skills', 'Finance', 'États-Unis', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae', '(classificationName=rvk)QX 800', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414623)85.04 - Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen', 'Social economics and policy', 'blackwhite differences', 'Economics of education', 'convergence', 'Éducation', 'United States', 'Electronic books', 'Finances', 'Economic aspects', 'Effect of education on', 'Education', '(classificationName=loc)LC66', '(classificationName=ddc)338.47370973', 'Wages', "Salaires, Effets de l'éducation sur les", '(classificationName=bk, id=106416340)83.14 - Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Arbeitsmarkt', '(classificationName=ddc)370.973']] | ['Chapter 9 Why Has BlackWhite Skill Convergence Stopped?'] | ['All data sources indicate that blackwhite skill gaps diminished over most of the 20th century, but blackwhite skill gaps as measured by test scores among youth and educational attainment among young adults have remained constant or increased in absolute value since the late 1980s. I examine the potential importance of discrimination against skilled black workers, changes in black family structures, changes in black household incomes, blackwhite differences in parenting norms, and education policy as factors that may contribute to the recent stability of blackwhite skill gaps. Absent changes in public policy or the economy that facilitate investment in black children, best case scenarios suggest that even approximate blackwhite skill parity is not possible before 2050, and equally plausible scenarios imply that the blackwhite skill gap will remain quite significant throughout the 21st century.'] | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634422'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | 20 | 153 |
3A1831634430.jsonld | ['gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'gnd:4006664-2'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=ddc)370.973', 'États-Unis', 'Economics of education', 'education externality', 'Wages', 'Social economics and policy', 'Finances', 'Éducation', 'United States', 'migration', 'Effect of education on', '(classificationName=bk, id=106416340)83.14 - Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Arbeitsmarkt', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae', '(classificationName=rvk)QX 800', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414623)85.04 - Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen', 'Finance', 'spacial equilibrium', 'Economic aspects', 'Education', 'skill biased productivity growth', '(classificationName=loc)LC66', "Salaires, Effets de l'éducation sur les", 'Aspect économique', '(classificationName=ddc)338.47370973', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek']] | ['Chapter 8 The Social Value of Education and Human Capital'] | ["We review and extend the empirical literature that seeks evidence of a wedge between the private and social returns to human capital, specifically education. This literature has two main strands. First, much of modern growth theory puts human capital at center-stage, building on older notions of human capital externalities as an engine of economic growth. Empirical support for these ideas, based on both the comparative growth of national outputs and on the geographic dispersion of wages within countries, is meager. There is a strong association between average earnings and average education across nations and regions in the U.S. that exceeds the private returns to education. However, problems of omitted variables and endogeneity inherent in spatial equilibrium models mean that this association can hardly be understood as evidence for social returns. There is no evidence from this literature that social returns are smaller than private ones, yet neither is there much to suggest that they are larger . We then turn to the literature on job market signaling, which implies that social returns to education are smaller than private returns. Consistent with our earlier conclusions, we find scant evidence of this. We construct a model of the speed of employer learning about workers' unobserved talents, and we estimate the model using panel data on young workers. We find that employer learning about productivity occurs fairly quickly after labor market entry, implying that the signaling effects of schooling are small."] | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634430'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | 19 | 154 |
3A1831634465.jsonld | ['gnd:4112628-2', 'gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | ['oek'] | [['États-Unis', '(classificationName=ddc)370.973', 'enrollment', '(classificationName=rvk)QX 800', 'income', 'Wages', 'Economic aspects', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414623)85.04 - Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen', 'Economics of education', 'Finances', '(classificationName=bk, id=106416340)83.14 - Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Arbeitsmarkt', 'education', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Aspect économique', 'Finance', 'wages', 'Electronic books', "Salaires, Effets de l'éducation sur les", 'Effect of education on', 'Social economics and policy', 'United States', '(classificationName=ddc)338.47370973', 'Education', 'Éducation', 'human capital', '(classificationName=loc)LC66']] | ['Chapter 6 Educational Wage Premiums and the U.S. Income Distribution: A Survey'] | ['This chapter discusses the large literature and numerous issues regarding education-related differences in income in the U.S. Early analyses of skill-related differences compared the earnings of workers across occupations. The general consensus of these investigations was that skill premiums narrowed substantially between 1900 and 1950. The large increase in the supply of high-school graduates relative to the increased demand for skilled workers is the likely explanation. Following the 1940 Decennial Census, which collected information on educational attainment and on earned income and time worked, empirical analyses concentrated directly on education-related differences in earnings. The human capital revolution of the late 1950s/early 1960s greatly expanded the research on education and income and shifted the focus to wages. The human capital approach modeled income as endogenous and sought to understand the variation in earnings by providing a framework for estimating the returns to education and experience. Recent analyses of education and wages have built on this foundation and have been embedded in a large literature that seeks to document and understand the substantial increase in wage inequality over the last 40 years. The consensus is that increases in the demand for skill are the main culprit, though the reasons for such increases are still an open question. We use census data to document the overall increase in education-related income differences over the past 60 years for several income measures. We also document concomitant changes in enrollment and provide a preliminary analysis suggesting that enrollment has responded to the increase in educationwage premiums. We use NLSY data to document the variation in enrollment patterns for those who attend college and to show how these differences are related to pre-schooling characteristics and to post-schooling earnings. We conclude with a brief discussion of the main issues for future research raised throughout the chapter.'] | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634465'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | 19 | 155 |
3A1831634473.jsonld | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | ['pae'] | [['(classificationName=rvk)QX 800', 'educational wage premia', 'Effect of education on', 'Social economics and policy', '(classificationName=ddc)338.47370973', 'earnings functions', 'Éducation', '(classificationName=loc)LC66', 'Education', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'distribution of labor earnings', 'Aspect économique', 'Wages', 'Economic aspects', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414623)85.04 - Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen', 'Electronic books', 'Economics of education', "Salaires, Effets de l'éducation sur les", '(classificationName=bk, id=106416340)83.14 - Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Arbeitsmarkt', 'United States', 'Finances', 'États-Unis', 'Finance', '(classificationName=ddc)370.973', 'educational attainments']] | ['Chapter 5 Educational Wage Premia and the Distribution of Earnings: An International Perspective'] | ['This chapter analyzes the international evidence on the relationship between educational wage premia and the distribution of personal labor earnings. The aim is to review what is known about the contribution of differences in relative wages across schooling levels to the degree of variability, between countries and over time, in the pecuniary returns to work. Definition and measurement problems are of paramount importance in analyses of this kind, and so a large part of the chapter is devoted to some of these issues.'] | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634473'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | 20 | 156 |
3A1831634481.jsonld | ['gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4112628-2'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | ['oek'] | [['Effect of education on', 'United States', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae', 'education', '(classificationName=loc)LC66', 'Social economics and policy', 'Economics of education', '(classificationName=bk, id=106416340)83.14 - Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Arbeitsmarkt', 'Finance', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=ddc)338.47370973', 'Éducation', 'Finances', 'Economic aspects', '(classificationName=ddc)370.973', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414623)85.04 - Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen', 'Wages', 'Education', 'immigration', "Salaires, Effets de l'éducation sur les", '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'États-Unis', '(classificationName=rvk)QX 800', 'Aspect économique']] | ['Chapter 4 Immigrants and Their Schooling'] | ['This chapter deals with several salient issues about immigrants to the US and their education. These issues include a comparison of the schooling accomplishments of immigrants compared to the native-born both contemporaneously as well as over time. These comparisons emphasize the considerable diversity in the schooling accomplishments among different immigrant sub-groups and between legal and undocumented migrants. Finally, the recent literature suggests than any concern that educational generational progress among Latino immigrants has lagged behind other immigrant groups is largely unfounded.'] | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634481'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | 19 | 157 |
3A1831634503.jsonld | ['gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4112628-2'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | ['pae'] | [['(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'public education', 'Finance', 'Economics of education', "Salaires, Effets de l'éducation sur les", '(classificationName=ddc)370.973', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae', '(classificationName=bk, id=106416340)83.14 - Einkommen, Beschäftigung, Arbeitsmarkt', 'history of education', 'Wages', 'United States', 'Aspect économique', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414623)85.04 - Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen', 'Electronic books', 'Finances', '(classificationName=ddc)338.47370973', 'Education', 'États-Unis', 'Social economics and policy', 'Éducation', 'Effect of education on', '(classificationName=loc)LC66', '(classificationName=rvk)QX 800', 'Economic aspects']] | ['Chapter 2 Long-Term Trends in Schooling: The Rise and Decline (?) of Public Education in the United States'] | ['In recent decades, there has been rising anxiety about the quality of the public education in the United States. However, it is important to note that this has not always been the case; in fact, the United States has long been a leader in terms of the public provision of education at all levels of schooling. This chapter documents this history, describing the conditions in the early years of the country that were conducive to the rise of universal public education, in particular the relative homogeneity of the population and the local nature of the provision of public education. These factors increased local support and enabled the educational system to be responsive to local needs. In more recent history, however, there has been substantial change in the demographics of the United States; this chapter also explores how well the public education system has been able to adapt to these changes.'] | ['gnd:4006664-2', 'gnd:4036229-2', 'gnd:4112628-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634503'] | ['Bildungsökonomie', 'Lohn', 'Ausbildung'] | 20 | 158 |
3A1831634643.jsonld | ['gnd:4128160-3', 'gnd:4059252-2'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | ['oek'] | [['BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Business Development', '(classificationName=loc)HD75.5', 'Economic development ; Mathematical models', '(classificationName=ddc)338.9', 'Economic development ; Econometric models', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Structural Adjustment', '(classificationName=bk, id=106420372)83.31 - Wirtschaftswachstum', 'ECONOMIC GROWTH', 'neoclassical growth model', 'Modèles économétriques', 'POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Economic Policy', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Government & Business', 'TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE', 'Technischer Fortschritt', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Mathematical models', 'Economic development', 'ECONOMIC POLICY', 'Handbooks and manuals', 'economic growth', 'Modèles mathématiques', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; General', 'Econometric models', 'Electronic books', 'Wachstumstheorie', 'Economische groei', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Economic Development', 'ECONOMETRIC MODELS', 'Développement économique']] | ['Reflections on Growth Theory'] | ['This note contains some general and idiosyncratic reflections on the current state of neoclassical growth theory. It expresses some surprise at the lack of attention both to multi-sector growth models and to multi-country models with trade and capital flows. It also suggests that there might be value in further analysis of some old topics like capital–labor substitution with an expanded definition of capital, and the interaction of growth and medium-run phenomena (or, to put it differently, the interaction of demand-side and supply-side variations).'] | ['gnd:4059252-2', 'gnd:4128160-3', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634643'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | 19 | 159 |
3A1831634678.jsonld | ['gnd:4128160-3', 'gnd:4059252-2'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | ['oek'] | [['ECONOMIC GROWTH', 'Wachstumstheorie', 'Economic development', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Government & Business', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Développement économique', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; General', '(classificationName=loc)HD75.5', '(classificationName=bk, id=106420372)83.31 - Wirtschaftswachstum', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Structural Adjustment', 'Modèles mathématiques', 'Technischer Fortschritt', 'Modèles économétriques', 'TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE', 'Electronic books', 'Economic development ; Mathematical models', 'Econometric models', 'ECONOMETRIC MODELS', 'Handbooks and manuals', 'POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Economic Policy', 'Economische groei', '(classificationName=ddc)338.9', 'Economic development ; Econometric models', 'ECONOMIC POLICY', 'Mathematical models', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Economic Development', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Business Development']] | ['Introduction to the Series'] | ['The series Handbooks in Economics is to produce Handbooks for various branches of economics, each of which is a definitive source, reference, and teaching supplement for use by professional researchers and advanced graduate students. Each handbook provides self-contained surveys of the current state of a branch of economics in the form of chapters prepared by leading specialists on various aspects of this branch of economics. These surveys summarize not only received results but also newer developments, from recent journal articles and discussion papers. Some original material is also included, but the main goal is to provide comprehensive and accessible surveys.'] | ['gnd:4059252-2', 'gnd:4128160-3', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634678'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | 19 | 160 |
3A1831634686.jsonld | [] | [] | ['oek'] | [['Economic development', 'ECONOMETRIC MODELS', 'Econometric models', 'TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE', 'Economic development ; Mathematical models', 'ECONOMIC POLICY', 'Développement économique', 'Economische groei', 'Modèles mathématiques', 'Mathematical models', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=rvk)QC 340', 'pollution', 'Economic development ; Econometric models', 'ECONOMIC GROWTH', 'sustainable development', 'limits to growth', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'natural resources', '(classificationName=ddc)338.9', 'Modèles économétriques', '(classificationName=loc)HD75.5', 'environmental Kuznets curve', '(classificationName=bk, id=106420372)83.31 - Wirtschaftswachstum']] | ['Chapter 28. Economic Growth and the Environment: A Review of Theory and Empirics'] | ['The relationship between economic growth and the environment is, and will always remain, controversial. Some see the emergence of new pollution problems, the lack of success in dealing with global warming and the still rising population in the Third World as proof positive that humans are a short-sighted and rapacious species. Others however see the glass as half full. They note the tremendous progress made in providing urban sanitation, improvements in air quality in major cities and marvel at the continuing improvements in the human condition made possible by technological advance. The first group focuses on the remaining and often serious environmental problems of the day; the second on the long, but sometimes erratic, history of improvement in living standards. These views are not necessarily inconsistent and growth theory offers us the tools needed to explore the link between environmental problems of today and the likelihood of their improvement tomorrow. This review articles discusses and evaluates the theoretical literature linking environmental quality to economic growth. We focus on three questions. These are: (1) what is the relationship between economic growth and the environment? (2) how can we escape the limits to growth imposed by environmental constraints? and (3) where should future research focus its efforts? For the most part, we discuss the link between industrial pollution and growth, but also show how this most recent work is related to earlier contributions on exhaustible resources and growth. While no review can settle the perennial debate over the limits to growth, this review moves the literature forward by identifying important unresolved theoretical questions, reports on the results of recent empirical work, and provides an integrative assessment of where we stand today.'] | ['gnd:4128160-3', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634686'] | ['Wachstumstheorie'] | 19 | 161 |
3A1831634708.jsonld | [] | [] | ['oek'] | [['development', 'networks', '(classificationName=rvk)QC 340', '(classificationName=bk, id=106420372)83.31 - Wirtschaftswachstum', 'ECONOMETRIC MODELS', 'ECONOMIC POLICY', 'Mathematical models', 'identification', 'Modèles mathématiques', 'social capital', 'Economische groei', 'inequality', 'Electronic books', 'growth', '(classificationName=loc)HD75.5', 'ECONOMIC GROWTH', 'Développement économique', 'Economic development ; Mathematical models', 'Modèles économétriques', '(classificationName=ddc)338.9', 'Economic development ; Econometric models', 'Economic development', 'trust', 'TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Econometric models']] | ['Chapter 26. Social Capital'] | ['This chapter surveys research on social capital. We explore the concepts that motivate the social capital literature, efforts to formally model social capital using economic theory, the econometrics of social capital, and empirical studies of the role of social capital in various socioeconomic outcomes. While our focus is primarily on the place of social capital in economics, we do consider its broader social science context. We argue that while the social capital literature has produced many insights, a number of conceptual and statistical problems exist with the current use of social capital by social scientists. We propose some ways to strengthen the social capital literature.'] | ['gnd:4128160-3', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634708'] | ['Wachstumstheorie'] | 19 | 162 |
3A1831634724.jsonld | [] | [] | ['oek'] | [['endogenous growth', 'ECONOMIC GROWTH', 'Economic development ; Econometric models', 'Economic development', '(classificationName=loc)HD75.5', '(classificationName=ddc)338.9', 'ECONOMIC POLICY', 'spatial distributions', 'Modèles économétriques', 'Economische groei', 'Modèles mathématiques', 'urbanization', 'Econometric models', 'rural–urban migration', 'system of cities', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'agglomeration', 'ECONOMETRIC MODELS', 'Mathematical models', '(classificationName=bk, id=106420372)83.31 - Wirtschaftswachstum', 'Développement économique', 'growth models', 'Economic development ; Mathematical models', '(classificationName=rvk)QC 340', 'TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE', 'dual sector models']] | ['Chapter 24. Urbanization and Growth'] | ['This chapter on urbanization and growth focuses on modeling and empirical evidence that pertain to a number of inter-related questions. Why do cities form in an economy, with so much of economic activity in countries geographically concentrated in cities? Second, how do different types of cities interact with each other in terms of trade and migration? Given the answers to these questions the chapter turns to growth issues. How does a system of cities evolve under economic and population growth; and how does urban growth intersect with, or even define national economic growth? In growth theory, endogenous growth is based on knowledge spillovers and sharing, and evidence suggests that much of that interaction must occur at the level of individual cities. In the early stages of growth, economic development is characterized by urbanization – a spatial transformation of the economy, where the population moves through migration from an agricultural, rural based existence to one where production occurs in cities of endogenous numbers and size. How do we model that transformation process and what are the key aspects of the transformation? In any static, growth, or development–urbanization context, how do governance, institutions, and public policy affect city formation and sizes, which then in turn affect economic efficiency. Cities require enormous public infrastructure investments which affect urban quality of life, in particular health and safety and commuting and congestion costs. Institutions governing land markets, property rights, local government autonomy, and local financing affect the city formation process and city sizes. And national government policies concerning trade, labor policies and national investment in communications and transport infrastructure affect the shape of the urban system. A final set of questions has to do with where cities locate. What is the effect of history, of climate and of natural resource locations, including rivers and natural harbors, on the location of current urban agglomerations?'] | ['gnd:4128160-3', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634724'] | ['Wachstumstheorie'] | 19 | 163 |
3A1831634732.jsonld | [] | [] | ['oek'] | [['Mathematical models', '(classificationName=loc)HD75.5', '(classificationName=ddc)338.9', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'ECONOMIC POLICY', 'TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE', 'Modèles économétriques', 'Modèles mathématiques', '(classificationName=bk, id=106420372)83.31 - Wirtschaftswachstum', 'ECONOMIC GROWTH', 'Economische groei', 'Développement économique', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=rvk)QC 340', 'Economic development ; Econometric models', 'Econometric models', 'Economic development ; Mathematical models', 'ECONOMETRIC MODELS', 'Economic development']] | ['Chapter 23. Trade, Growth and the Size of Countries'] | ['Normally, economists take the size of countries as an exogenous variable. Nevertheless, the borders of countries and their size change, partially in response to economic factors such as the pattern of international trade. Conversely, the size of countries influences their economic performance and their preferences for international economic policies – for instance smaller countries have a greater stake in maintaining free trade. In this paper, we review the theory and evidence concerning a growing body of research that considers both the impact of market size on growth and the endogenous determination of country size. We argue that our understanding of economic performance and of the history of international economic integration can be greatly improved by bringing the issue of country size at the forefront of the analysis of growth.'] | ['gnd:4128160-3', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634732'] | ['Wachstumstheorie'] | 19 | 164 |
3A1831634783.jsonld | [] | [] | ['oek'] | [['ECONOMIC POLICY', 'information technology', '(classificationName=loc)HD75.5', 'technology improvement', 'Economic development ; Econometric models', 'Modèles économétriques', '(classificationName=rvk)QC 340', '(classificationName=bk, id=106420372)83.31 - Wirtschaftswachstum', 'Electronic books', 'Développement économique', 'creative destruction', '(classificationName=ddc)338.9', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Modèles mathématiques', 'TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE', 'ECONOMIC GROWTH', 'Economische groei', 'productivity slowdowns', 'Econometric models', 'electricity', 'ECONOMETRIC MODELS', 'Mathematical models', 'IT revolution', 'Economic development', 'Economic development ; Mathematical models']] | ['Chapter 18. General Purpose Technologies'] | ['A general purpose technology or GPT is a term coined to describe a new method of producing and inventing that is important enough to have a protracted aggregate impact. Electricity and information technology (IT) probably are the two most important GPTs so far. We analyze how the U.S. economy reacted to them. We date the Electrification era from 1894 until 1930, and the IT era from 1971 until the present. While we document some differences between the two technologies, we follow David [In: Technology and Productivity: The Challenge for Economic Policy (1991) 315–347] and emphasize their similarities. Our main findings are: 1. Productivity growth in the two GPT eras tended to be lower than it was in other periods, with productivity slowdowns taking place at the start of the two eras and the IT era slowdown stronger than that seen during Electrification. 2. Both GPTs were widely adopted, but electricity’s adoption was faster and more uniform over sectors. 3. Both improved as they were adopted, but measured by its relative price decline, IT has shown a much faster improvement than Electricity did. 4. Both have spawned innovation, but here, too, IT dominates Electricity in terms of the number of patents and trademarks issued. 5. Both were accompanied by a rise in “creative destruction” and turbulence as measured by the entry and exit of firms, by mergers and takeovers, and by changing valuations on the stock exchange. In sum, Electrification spread faster than IT has been spreading, and it did so more evenly and broadly over sectors. Also, IT comprises a smaller fraction of the physical capital stock than electrified machinery did at its corresponding stage. On the other hand, IT seems to be technologically more dynamic; the ongoing spread of IT and its continuing precipitous price decline are reasons for optimism about productivity growth in the 21st century.'] | ['gnd:4128160-3', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634783'] | ['Wachstumstheorie'] | 19 | 165 |
3A1831634805.jsonld | [] | [] | ['oek'] | [['ECONOMIC GROWTH', '(classificationName=bk, id=106420372)83.31 - Wirtschaftswachstum', 'ECONOMETRIC MODELS', 'Mathematical models', '(classificationName=ddc)338.9', 'Electronic books', 'Développement économique', 'ECONOMIC POLICY', 'Economic development ; Econometric models', '(classificationName=rvk)QC 340', 'Economic development', 'Economische groei', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE', 'ideas', '(classificationName=loc)HD75.5', 'economic growth', 'Econometric models', 'Modèles mathématiques', 'scale effects', 'Economic development ; Mathematical models', 'Modèles économétriques', 'survey']] | ['Chapter 16. Growth and Ideas'] | ['Ideas are different from nearly all other economic goods in that they are nonrivalrous. This nonrivalry implies that production possibilities are likely to be characterized by increasing returns to scale, an insight that has profound implications for economic growth. The purpose of this chapter is to explore these implications.'] | ['gnd:4128160-3', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634805'] | ['Wachstumstheorie'] | 19 | 166 |
3A1831634813.jsonld | ['gnd:4128160-3', 'gnd:4059252-2'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | ['oek'] | [['Mathematical models', 'Wachstumstheorie', 'Electronic books', 'international trade', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Structural Adjustment', 'Développement économique', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Economic Development', 'Economic development ; Econometric models', 'Economic development', 'Handbooks and manuals', 'Technischer Fortschritt', '(classificationName=bk, id=106420372)83.31 - Wirtschaftswachstum', 'Economic development ; Mathematical models', 'Econometric models', 'economic growth', 'macroeconomic policies', 'POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Economic Policy', 'Modèles mathématiques', 'ECONOMIC POLICY', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Business Development', 'economic reform', 'TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'economic development', 'ECONOMIC GROWTH', 'ECONOMETRIC MODELS', '(classificationName=loc)HD75.5', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; General', '(classificationName=ddc)338.9', 'Economische groei', 'Modèles économétriques', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Government & Business']] | ['Chapter 15 National Policies and Economic Growth: A Reappraisal'] | ['The new growth literature, using both endogenous growth and neoclassical models, has generated strong claims for the effect of national policies on economic growth. Empirical work on policies and growth has tended to confirm these claims. This paper casts doubt on this claim for strong effects of national policies, pointing out that such effects are inconsistent with several stylized facts and seem to depend on extreme observations in growth regressions. More modest effects of policy are consistent with theoretical models that feature substitutability between the formal and informal sector, have a large share for the informal sector, or stress technological change rather than factor accumulation.'] | ['gnd:4059252-2', 'gnd:4128160-3', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634813'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | 19 | 167 |
3A183163483X.jsonld | ['gnd:4128160-3', 'gnd:4059252-2'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | ['oek'] | [['ECONOMIC POLICY', 'Economic development ; Mathematical models', 'TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE', '(classificationName=bk, id=106420372)83.31 - Wirtschaftswachstum', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Structural Adjustment', 'human capital', 'Econometric models', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Government & Business', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Business Development', 'Modèles économétriques', 'Economische groei', 'Economic development ; Econometric models', 'technology diffusion', 'Modèles mathématiques', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Développement économique', 'Economic development', '(classificationName=ddc)338.9', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; General', 'Handbooks and manuals', 'Mathematical models', '(classificationName=loc)HD75.5', 'Wachstumstheorie', 'Technischer Fortschritt', 'Electronic books', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Economic Development', 'ECONOMETRIC MODELS', 'POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Economic Policy', 'ECONOMIC GROWTH']] | ['Chapter 13 Human Capital and Technology Diffusion'] | ['This paper generalizes the Nelson–Phelps catch-up model of technology diffusion. We allow for the possibility that the pattern of technology diffusion can be exponential, which would predict that nations would exhibit positive catch-up with the leader nation, or logistic, in which a country with a sufficiently small capital stock may exhibit slower total factor productivity growth than the leader nation. We derive a nonlinear specification for total factor productivity growth that nests these two specifications. We estimate this specification for a cross-section of nations from 1960 through 1995. Our results support the logistic specification, and are robust to a number of sensitivity checks. Our model also appears to predict slow total factor productivity growth well. 22 of the 27 nations that we identify as lacking the critical human capital levels needed to achieve faster total factor productivity growth than the leader nation in 1960 did achieve lower growth over the next 35 years.'] | ['gnd:4059252-2', 'gnd:4128160-3', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A183163483X'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | 19 | 168 |
3A1831634880.jsonld | ['gnd:4059252-2', 'gnd:4128160-3'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | ['oek'] | [['identification', 'Handbooks and manuals', 'parameter heterogeneity', 'estimation', 'Economic development ; Mathematical models', 'Economic development ; Econometric models', 'ECONOMETRIC MODELS', 'convergence', 'TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Government & Business', 'Economische groei', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Wachstumstheorie', 'Modèles économétriques', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Business Development', 'POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Economic Policy', 'Econometric models', 'Développement économique', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; General', 'ECONOMIC GROWTH', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Structural Adjustment', 'model uncertainty', 'ECONOMIC POLICY', 'Mathematical models', '(classificationName=bk, id=106420372)83.31 - Wirtschaftswachstum', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Economic Development', '(classificationName=loc)HD75.5', 'Technischer Fortschritt', 'Economic development', 'nonlinearities', 'growth determinants', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=ddc)338.9', 'Modèles mathématiques']] | ['Chapter 8 Growth Econometrics'] | ['This paper provides a survey and synthesis of econometric tools that have been employed to study economic growth. While these tools range across a variety of statistical methods, they are united in the common goals of first, identifying interesting contemporaneous patterns in growth data and second, drawing inferences on long-run economic outcomes from cross-section and temporal variation in growth. We describe the main stylized facts that have motivated the development of growth econometrics, the major statistical tools that have been employed to provide structural explanations for these facts, and the primary statistical issues that arise in the study of growth data. An important aspect of the survey is attention to the limits that exist in drawing conclusions from growth data, limits that reflect model uncertainty and the general weakness of available data relative to the sorts of questions for which they are employed.'] | ['gnd:4059252-2', 'gnd:4128160-3', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634880'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | 19 | 169 |
3A1831634899.jsonld | ['gnd:4128160-3', 'gnd:4059252-2'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | ['oek'] | [['factor allocation', 'Economische groei', 'Mathematical models', 'Modèles mathématiques', 'POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Economic Policy', 'aggregate production function', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; General', 'Econometric models', 'Economic development ; Mathematical models', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Economic Development', 'non-convexities', 'ECONOMIC POLICY', 'Wachstumstheorie', 'Economic development ; Econometric models', 'non-aggregative growth theory', 'ECONOMIC GROWTH', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Business Development', '(classificationName=bk, id=106420372)83.31 - Wirtschaftswachstum', 'Handbooks and manuals', '(classificationName=loc)HD75.5', 'Technischer Fortschritt', '(classificationName=ddc)338.9', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Government & Business', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Structural Adjustment', 'Modèles économétriques', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Développement économique', 'TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE', 'ECONOMETRIC MODELS', 'Economic development', 'Electronic books']] | ['Chapter 7 Growth Theory through the Lens of Development Economics'] | ['Growth theory has traditionally assumed the existence of an aggregate production function, whose existence and properties are closely tied to the assumption of optimal resource allocation within each economy. We show extensive evidence, culled from the micro-development literature, demonstrating that the assumption of optimal resource allocation fails radically. The key fact is the enormous heterogeneity of rates of return to the same factor within a single economy, a heterogeneity that dwarfs the cross-country heterogeneity in the economy-wide average return. Prima facie , we argue, this evidence poses problems for old and new growth theories alike. We then review the literature on various causes of this misallocation. We go on to calibrate a simple model which explicitly introduces the possibility of misallocation into an otherwise standard growth model. We show that, in order to match the data, it is enough to have misallocated factors: there also needs to be important fixed costs in production. We conclude by outlining the contour of a possible non-aggregate growth theory, and review the existing attempts to take such a model to the data.'] | ['gnd:4059252-2', 'gnd:4128160-3', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634899'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | 19 | 170 |
3A1831634902.jsonld | ['gnd:4059252-2', 'gnd:4128160-3'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | ['oek'] | [['distributions', 'Wachstumstheorie', 'development', 'POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Economic Policy', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Structural Adjustment', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Business Development', 'Modèles mathématiques', 'Développement économique', 'Technischer Fortschritt', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Economic development ; Econometric models', '(classificationName=bk, id=106420372)83.31 - Wirtschaftswachstum', 'Economic development', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; General', 'Economic development ; Mathematical models', 'ECONOMIC GROWTH', '(classificationName=ddc)338.9', 'Modèles économétriques', 'ECONOMETRIC MODELS', 'efficiency', 'property rights', 'Electronic books', 'growth', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Economic Development', 'ECONOMIC POLICY', 'institutions', 'Handbooks and manuals', 'TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE', 'rents', 'political power', '(classificationName=loc)HD75.5', 'Econometric models', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Government & Business', 'conflict', 'Mathematical models', 'Economische groei']] | ['Chapter 6 Institutions as a Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Growth'] | ['This paper develops the empirical and theoretical case that differences in economic institutions are the fundamental cause of differences in economic development. We first document the empirical importance of institutions by focusing on two “quasi-natural experiments” in history, the division of Korea into two parts with very different economic institutions and the colonization of much of the world by European powers starting in the fifteenth century. We then develop the basic outline of a framework for thinking about why economic institutions differ across countries. Economic institutions determine the incentives of and the constraints on economic actors, and shape economic outcomes. As such, they are social decisions, chosen for their consequences. Because different groups and individuals typically benefit from different economic institutions, there is generally a conflict over these social choices, ultimately resolved in favor of groups with greater political power. The distribution of political power in society is in turn determined by political institutions and the distribution of resources. Political institutions allocate de jure political power, while groups with greater economic might typically possess greater de facto political power. We therefore view the appropriate theoretical framework as a dynamic one with political institutions and the distribution of resources as the state variables. These variables themselves change over time because prevailing economic institutions affect the distribution of resources, and because groups with de facto political power today strive to change political institutions in order to increase their de jure political power in the future. Economic institutions encouraging economic growth emerge when political institutions allocate power to groups with interests in broad-based property rights enforcement, when they create effective constraints on power-holders, and when there are relatively few rents to be captured by power-holders. We illustrate the assumptions, the workings and the implications of this framework using a number of historical examples.'] | ['gnd:4059252-2', 'gnd:4128160-3', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634902'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | 19 | 171 |
3A1831634910.jsonld | ['gnd:4128160-3', 'gnd:4059252-2'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | ['oek'] | [['ECONOMIC POLICY', 'institutions', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Structural Adjustment', 'TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Business Development', 'Modèles mathématiques', 'Développement économique', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Economic development ; Econometric models', 'market failure', 'Economic development', 'Technischer Fortschritt', 'Econometric models', 'Economische groei', '(classificationName=bk, id=106420372)83.31 - Wirtschaftswachstum', 'Mathematical models', 'world income distribution', 'POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Economic Policy', 'history dependence', 'Electronic books', 'persistent poverty', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Economic Development', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; General', 'Economic development ; Mathematical models', 'Handbooks and manuals', '(classificationName=ddc)338.9', 'Modèles économétriques', 'ECONOMETRIC MODELS', 'ECONOMIC GROWTH', '(classificationName=loc)HD75.5', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Government & Business', 'technology', 'Wachstumstheorie']] | ['Chapter 5 Poverty Traps'] | ['This survey reviews models of self-reinforcing mechanisms that cause poverty to persist. Some of them examine market failure in environments where the neoclassical assumptions on markets and technology break down. Other mechanisms include institutional failure which can, by itself, perpetuate self-reinforcing poverty. A common thread in all these mechanisms is their adverse impact on the acquisition of physical or human capital, and on the adoption of modern technology. The survey also reviews recent progress in the empirical poverty trap literature.'] | ['gnd:4059252-2', 'gnd:4128160-3', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634910'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | 19 | 172 |
3A1831634945.jsonld | ['gnd:4128160-3', 'gnd:4059252-2'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | ['oek'] | [['Technischer Fortschritt', '(classificationName=bk, id=106420372)83.31 - Wirtschaftswachstum', 'Econometric models', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Structural Adjustment', 'Economische groei', 'ECONOMIC POLICY', 'Modèles économétriques', 'TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE', 'Wachstumstheorie', 'Electronic books', 'growth', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; General', 'Economic development ; Mathematical models', '(classificationName=ddc)338.9', 'competition', 'Développement économique', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Economic Policy', 'convergence', 'Modèles mathématiques', 'ECONOMETRIC MODELS', 'ECONOMIC GROWTH', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Government & Business', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Economic Development', 'Economic development ; Econometric models', 'Economic development', 'institutions', 'Handbooks and manuals', 'Mathematical models', '(classificationName=loc)HD75.5', 'innovation', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Business Development', 'scale effect']] | ['Chapter 2 Growth with Quality-Improving Innovations: An Integrated Framework'] | ['In this chapter we argue that the endogenous growth model with quality-improving innovations provides a framework for analyzing the determinants of long-run growth and convergence that is versatile, simple and empirically useful. Versatile, as the same framework can be used to analyze how growth interacts with development and cross-country convergence and divergence, how it interacts with industrial organization and in particular market structure, and how it interacts with organizations and institutional change. Simple, since all these aspects can be analyzed using the same elementary model. Empirically useful, as the framework generates a whole range of new microeconomic and macroeconomic predictions while it addresses empirical criticisms raised by other endogenous growth models in the literature.'] | ['gnd:4059252-2', 'gnd:4128160-3', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634945'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | 19 | 173 |
3A1831634953.jsonld | ['gnd:4128160-3', 'gnd:4059252-2'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | ['oek'] | [['POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Economic Policy', '(classificationName=bk, id=106420372)83.31 - Wirtschaftswachstum', 'taxation', 'Economic development', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Structural Adjustment', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Government & Business', '(classificationName=loc)HD75.5', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Business Development', 'ECONOMIC GROWTH', 'Wachstumstheorie', 'innovation', 'ECONOMETRIC MODELS', 'Technischer Fortschritt', 'competitive markets', 'Mathematical models', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'ECONOMIC POLICY', 'Développement économique', 'uncertainty', 'Economische groei', 'endogenous growth', 'Modèles économétriques', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; Economic Development', 'Handbooks and manuals', 'Electronic books', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Development ; General', 'Economic development ; Mathematical models', 'Economic development ; Econometric models', 'Econometric models', '(classificationName=ddc)338.9', 'TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE', 'convex models', 'Modèles mathématiques']] | ['Chapter 1 Neoclassical Models of Endogenous Growth: The Effects of Fiscal Policy, Innovation and Fluctuations'] | ['Despite its role as the centerpiece of modern growth theory, the Solow model is decidedly silent on some of its basic questions: Why is average growth in per capita income so much higher now than it was 200 years ago? Why is per capita income so much higher in the member countries of the OECD than in the less developed countries (LDC) of the world? In this chapter we review the recent literature on endogenous growth. We concentrate on convex models and we restrict attention to the case in which markets are competitive. After a brief review of the basic mechanisms that produces growth, we concentrate on three topics: the impact of fiscal policies on growth, the role of innovation and the relationship between uncertainty and growth.'] | ['gnd:4059252-2', 'gnd:4128160-3', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634953'] | ['Technischer Fortschritt', 'Wachstumstheorie'] | 19 | 174 |
3A183163497X.jsonld | ['gnd:4315813-4', 'gnd:4268059-1'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['Culture', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', 'Art ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', 'Economic aspects', '(classificationName=ddc)330', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', 'Art', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'ART ; General', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie']] | ['Author Index'] | ['This chapter lists the names of the people who have contributed to the book Handbook of Economics of Art and Culture , such as Abele, H., Abraham, K., Adamowicz, W., and others. Their names have been mentioned along with the page number in which their names appear in the bookfor the ease of the reader.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A183163497X'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 175 |
3A1831634988.jsonld | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'ART ; General', 'Art ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'Culture', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'Kulturwirtschaft', 'Economic aspects', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Kunstökonomie', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', 'Art']] | ['Acknowledgements'] | ['This chapter presents an acknowledgement by the author to various other people, such as Orley Ashenfelter and Alan Kruege from the Industrial Relations Section at Princeton, for the help in consistently acting to ensure the very best outcome for the major projects described in this volume.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831634988'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 176 |
3A1831635003.jsonld | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'Economic aspects', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', 'ART ; General', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Art ; Economic aspects', 'Kunstökonomie', 'Kulturwirtschaft', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', 'Art', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Culture']] | ['Introduction to the Series'] | ['The series Handbooks in Economics produces handbooks for various branches of economics, each of which is a definitive source, reference, and teaching supplement for use by professional researchers and advanced graduate students. Each handbook provides self-contained surveys of the current state of a branch of economics in the form of chapters prepared by leading specialists on various aspects of this branch of economics. These surveys summarize not only received results but also newer developments, from journal articles and discussion papers. Some original material is also included, but the main goal is to provide comprehensive and accessible surveys.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635003'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 177 |
3A1831635011.jsonld | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['Kunstökonomie', 'Economic aspects', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'Art ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', 'Kulturwirtschaft', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Culture', 'culture', 'arts', 'Art', 'ART ; General', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', 'philanthropy', 'foundations', '(classificationName=ddc)330', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten']] | ['Chapter 37 Philanthropy'] | ['Charity on the English and early American model must be distinguished from philanthropy as it developed in America at the turn of the twentieth century. Philanthropy aims at the systemic eradication of social ills rather than, as does charity, at their amelioration. The general purpose philanthropic foundation became the standard vehicle for effecting this purpose, and made significant contributions to a variety of fields until the Great Depression, though funding for the arts was fairly limited. Much of the role of foundations was assumed by the federal government as it expanded in power and scope after World War II, often adopting the foundation modus operandi as its own. Partly as a result, foundations began to support the arts and culture, and when corporate philanthropy emerged in the 1950s it was also often aimed at the arts and culture. The National Endowments for the Arts and Humanities have been responsible since 1965 for the central government contribution to these fields. Recent changes in the foundation sector include the growth in the number of new, very well endowed foundations; the emergence of conservative foundations; a contraction in the scope of foundation funding, including fewer and smaller grants to the arts and culture; and the rising number of community and family foundations. American philanthropy is undoubtedly responsive to government policy and economic cycles, but there remains despite vicissitudes a unique affinity for philanthropy in the United States, perhaps explained in part by the relative weakness of the American state. In Europe, a different historical tradition and legal framework has given rise to different forms of support for the arts and culture, with a greater role for the state. Recent trends, however, suggest that non-American philanthropy is coming to resemble philanthropy in the United States.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635011'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 178 |
3A1831635038.jsonld | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['cultural policy', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'culture wars', 'National Endowment for the Arts', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'heritage tax incentives', 'Art', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'Art ; Economic aspects', 'Culture', 'ART ; General', 'arts councils', 'state and local governments', 'Economic aspects', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten']] | ['Chapter 35 Cultural Policy: An American View'] | ['American cultural policy is made and executed by multiple governmental entities, with a large part of direct public expenditure coming from sub-national governments rather than the central government. Much the largest share of government support is provided by tax concessions for gifts to not-for-profit enterprises that are the predominant producers of the subsidized arts, and by tax concessions to private owners who agree to preserve their heritage buildings and sites. The multiplicity of government decision makers and the reliance on “arms-length” relations between government and not-for-profit private providers of cultural services results in cultural policy that appears to be and is incoherent, but is characteristic of American public policy in many spheres.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635038'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 179 |
3A1831635046.jsonld | ['gnd:4315813-4', 'gnd:4268059-1'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['tax incentives', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'museums', 'Art ; Economic aspects', 'performing arts', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'heritage', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'cultural policy', 'Kulturwirtschaft', 'Culture', 'ART ; General', 'participation', 'delegation', 'quality', 'politicians', 'Economic aspects', 'vouchers', 'Kunstökonomie', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', 'Art', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', 'bureaucrats', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88']] | ['Chapter 34 The Making of Cultural Policy: A European Perspective'] | ['No good comparable data on sizes of cultural sectors of the countries of Europe exist. Still, local and national governments of Europe spend substantial resources on culture and cultural sectors contribute significantly to employment and national income. After briefly describing special features of cultural goods and clarifying some misconceptions about the value of culture, valid and invalid arguments for subsidizing culture are discussed. Although it is easy to justify government support for preservation of heritage, this is more difficult for the performing arts. Due to changing technologies and advent of E-culture classic public-good arguments for government intervention in broadcasting and other cultural activities become less relevant. Different institutions lead to different cultural landscapes. Theories of delegation suggest delegating the judgement on artistic qualities and execution of cultural policy to an independent Arts Fund, with the Minister of Culture concentrating on formulating a mission for cultural policy and making sure it is implemented properly. Insights from the theories of local public goods and federalism are applied to the making of cultural policy in Europe. Different approaches to international cultural policy in Europe are discussed. The overview concludes with lessons for the making of cultural policy in Europe.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635046'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 180 |
3A1831635089.jsonld | ['gnd:4315813-4', 'gnd:4268059-1'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'regional and urban development', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', 'Art', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Art ; Economic aspects', 'Kulturwirtschaft', 'arts and culture', 'Kunstökonomie', 'Economic aspects', 'Culture', 'ART ; General', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'economic development', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', 'economic impact', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'cultural tourism']] | ['Chapter 30 Culture in Urban and Regional Development'] | ['This chapter critically assesses, from an economic viewpoint, the role of the arts and culture in urban and regional development and growth. This includes the analysis of short run spending impacts, and longer term effects on location quality and creativity. In addition, the specific possibilities for using arts and cultural activities as a focal point in strategies for urban revitalization are discussed including the role of tourism, the non-market demand for arts and culture as an element in local willingness to support urban and regional development policies, questions of sustainability, etc. The reverse influence of regional economic development on the demand for and supply of culture in the region is analyzed and the location of arts and cultural industries is discussed highlighting the role of agglomeration of cultural industries.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635089'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 181 |
3A1831635119.jsonld | ['gnd:4315813-4', 'gnd:4268059-1'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=ddc)330', 'hedonic pricing', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', 'Kulturwirtschaft', 'prices indices', 'repeat sales', 'Art', 'ART ; General', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', 'Culture', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'auctions', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Art ; Economic aspects', 'Kunstökonomie', 'Economic aspects']] | ['Chapter 27 The Computation of Prices Indices'] | ['While there are no significant investment characteristics that inhibit art from being considered as an asset, a major hurdle has long been the lack of a systematic measure of its financial performance. Due to its heterogeneity (each piece is different) and its infrequency of trading (the exact same piece does not come to the market very often), the determination of changes in market value is difficult to ascertain. Two estimation methods are commonly used to construct indices. Repeat-sales regression (RSR) uses prices of individual objects traded at two distinct moments in time. If the characteristics of an object do not change (which is usually so for collectibles), the heterogeneity issue is bypassed. The basic idea of the hedonic regression (HR) method is to regress prices on various attributes of objects (dimensions, artist, subject matter, etc.) and to use the residuals of the regression which can be considered as “characteristic-free prices” to compute the price index. The chapter deals with the basics of hedonic and repeat-sales estimators, and tries to interpret in economic terms what both are trying to achieve. It also goes into some more technical details which may be useful for researchers who want to construct such indices, and gives some guidelines on how to go about collecting data, and the choice between RSR and HR that this induces. Both methods are compared using simulated returns, pointing to which method should be used given the data at hand.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635119'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 182 |
3A1831635127.jsonld | ['gnd:4315813-4', 'gnd:4268059-1'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['price fixing', 'ART ; General', 'Culture', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', 'asset returns', 'price anomalies', 'Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', 'auctions', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'Art', 'Art ; Economic aspects', 'Economic aspects', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'art', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek']] | ['Chapter 26 Art Auctions'] | ["This paper contains a new review of the research of the last decade that has been designed to shed light on how the art auction system works, what it indicates about price formation, and how well it performs. We begin with a short description of the mechanics of the auction system and then organize the remainder of our discussion around two major topics. The first topic concerns how researchers have used auction prices. We begin by discussing the returns to holding art and whether certain classes of art make a better investment. We then discuss studies that have used auction prices to determine the importance of individual works of art and individual artists. We conclude this topic by discussing whether different auction houses achieve systematically different prices. The second topic focuses on studies that examine the influence of the auction mechanism on prices. We begin with a discussion of the Christie's and Sotheby's price fixing case and the role of the competitive behavior of auction houses in the determination of prices. We move on to discuss the role of experts and price estimates in auctions. We then look at whether items that fail at auction subsequently return less than items that have not failed and furthermore discuss sale rates and reserve prices. We conclude this topic by reviewing the extensive literature that has documented and tried to explain why the prices of identical objects are more likely to decline than to increase when multiple units are sold. Subsequent empirical research has tended to document declining prices even when the objects are imperfect substitutes."] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635127'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 183 |
3A1831635135.jsonld | ['gnd:4315813-4', 'gnd:4268059-1'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['Economic aspects', 'Kunstökonomie', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', 'talent', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', 'Culture', 'ART ; General', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'Art ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=ddc)330', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'stardom', 'Art', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', 'Kulturwirtschaft', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'superstars']] | ['Chapter 25 Stardom and Talent'] | ['The Economics of Superstars sets out to explain the relationship between talent and success in the arts, but there is no agreement about what this relationship is. But whatever its other features may be, superstardom means that market output is concentrated on just a few artists. Concentration always raises the question of efficiency. Superstardom may be inefficient not only because it raises prices for consumers but also because it deprives other artists of the opportunity to practice art. Artists who do not practice art lose psychic income. Because psychic income cannot be transferred from one person to another, the loss of this income may be inefficient. This chapter reviews theories of superstardom and theories about the emergence of stars. The efficiency of superstardom is discussed in terms of effects on consumers and the use of publicity rights by the star. The chapter goes on to deal with the loss of opportunities to practice art that are caused by superstardom and suggests ways to alleviate the problem. Finally the empirical literature that tests the different theories of superstardom is reviewed.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635135'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 184 |
3A1831635143.jsonld | ['gnd:4315813-4', 'gnd:4268059-1'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', 'Art ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=ddc)330', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'Kunstökonomie', "artists' training", 'human capital', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', 'Kulturwirtschaft', 'Art', 'Culture', 'ART ; General', 'Economic aspects', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'labour markets']] | ["Chapter 24 Human Capital and Artists' Labour Markets"] | ["It is argued that human capital theory applies only weakly to artists' decisions about investment in schooling and training and about occupational choice. However, the same can be said about the sorting model. What is lacking in cultural economics is an understanding of talent and creativity, what economic factors motivate artists and how creativity can be encouraged as part of government cultural policy. Bringing social and cultural capital into the equation do not seem to add much in the way of understanding artists' labour markets. A novel argument is made that the reproducibility of works of art in combination with copyright law alters the established view that human capital cannot be separated from labour, in this case that of the artist."] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635143'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 185 |
3A1831635151.jsonld | ['gnd:4315813-4', 'gnd:4268059-1'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'Economic aspects', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', "artists' earnings", 'ART ; General', 'Culture', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', 'National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', 'Kulturwirtschaft', "artists' labor markets", "artists' careers", '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'Art', 'artists', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Kunstökonomie', 'Art ; Economic aspects', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750']] | ["Chapter 23 Artists' Careers and Their Labor Markets"] | ["This chapter is a continuation of ongoing work by economists and others on artists' labor markets and careers. It highlights the use of quasi-panel data obtained from census data to examine the employment and earnings of artists while comparing them to all the other professional and technical workers. It also provides a glimpse into what can be learned about artists' careers from true panel data. Quasi-panels from the seven most recent US censuses (1940–2000) provide a reasonably consistent set of findings in each census year. Artists are found to work fewer hours, suffer higher unemployment and earn less than members of the reference group. Over the sixty year period, disparities in unemployment and annual hours worked are found to shrink somewhat, but disparities in earnings do not. Artists earned less across all years even when only members working full-time year-round of each group are compared. The earnings of artists are found to display greater variability than those of other professional and technical workers. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 is used to examine almost twenty years in the artists' lives and provides some insights into their careers. It suggests that many people participate in the artistic labor market, but that few succeed to the point that enables them to develop a career in the arts. In part due to their relatively high educational levels, artists are found to be able to transition from forays into arts occupations to jobs in professional and managerial occupations, not into service occupations as artist ‘mythology’ might suggest. We find that when the artists are young and struggling to make it they do work in various service occupations that tend to provide greater work schedule flexibility."] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635151'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 186 |
3A183163516X.jsonld | ['gnd:4315813-4', 'gnd:4268059-1'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['labor markets', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'Art ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'Economic aspects', 'uncertainty', 'Kunstökonomie', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', 'career', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', 'Kulturwirtschaft', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'occupational choice', 'creativity', 'Culture', 'ART ; General', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'occupational risk management', 'monopolistic competition', 'excess supply', '(classificationName=ddc)330', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', 'Art']] | ['Chapter 22 Artistic Labor Markets: Contingent Work, Excess Supply and Occupational Risk Management'] | ["This chapter studies how and why artistic labor markets have expanded along a path of unbalanced growth. Long-term employment which nurtures the Baumolian cost disease persists only in large, heavily subsidized and sponsored organizations. The now dominant project-based system of production, with its functional needs for flexibility, relies on short-term assignments. Large parts of the business risk are transferred down onto the workforce in vertically disintegrated organizational settings. Artists and technical workers act mainly as contingent workers, freelancers and independent contractors; labor supply is patterned by repeated and discontinuous alternations between work and unemployment, and workers cycle between multiple jobs inside and outside the arts. Thus artistic labor markets display the main characteristics of a textbook model of imperfect monopolistic competition: excess supply of labor, unbounded differentiation of production, reputational rents, a population of small firms that has been growing as fast as the number of artists. On the supply side, the attractiveness of artistic occupations has to be balanced against the risk of failure that turns ideally non-routine jobs into ordinary or ephemeral undertakings. Learning by doing plays such a decisive role that in many artforms initial training is an imperfect filtering device. Individuals learn to manage the risks of their trade through multiple jobholding, occupational role versatility, portfolio diversification of employment ties, and income transfers from public support, social insurance and social security programs. Ironically, the study of the artists' risk management shows how rationally they behave, although artistic work may be highly idiosyncratic. Thus artists may be seen less like rational fools than like Bayesian actors. How do vertically disintegrated systems of production shape individual careers and organizational behavior? Loose employment relationships do not preclude contractual stability. Employers use reputations as screening devices and signals of employability. Artists learn how to compose balanced sets of recurrent and non-recurrent hiring ties in order to secure a living as well as to increase their human capital. Considerable inequalities in amounts of work and earnings are observed, caused by the skewed distribution of talent and by joint consumption technologies that turn small differences in talent into huge earnings differentials. Inequalities may also trace back to the way a disintegrated labor market operates, since both the allocation of piecemeal work based on reputational rankings and team formation based on selective matchings magnify the power of differences in talent and work opportunity to increase inequality. These factors should not cause the kind of permanent excess supply of labor in the arts that has been noted for decades if the occupational commitment of artists were not combined with the management of business uncertainty through overproduction of infinitely differentiated goods and services."] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A183163516X'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 187 |
3A1831635208.jsonld | ['gnd:4315813-4', 'gnd:4268059-1'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=loc)N8600', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', 'Art', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'ART ; General', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Culture', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'platform competition', 'advertising finance', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', 'Kulturwirtschaft', 'circulation spiral', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'Kunstökonomie', 'two-sided markets', 'Art ; Economic aspects', 'pensee unique', 'Economic aspects']] | ['Chapter 18 The Media and Advertising: A Tale of Two-Sided Markets'] | ["Media industries are important drivers of popular culture. A large fraction of leisure time is devoted to radio, magazines, newspapers, the Internet, and television (the illustrative example henceforth). Most advertising expenditures are incurred for these media. They are also mainly supported by advertising revenue. Early work stressed possible market failures in program duplication and catering to the Lowest Common Denominator, indicating lack of cultural diversity and quality. The business model for most media industries is underscored by advertisers' demand to reach prospective customers. This business model has important implications for performance in the market since viewer sovereignty is indirect. Viewers are attracted by programming, though they dislike the ads it carries, and advertisers want viewers as potential consumers. The two sides are coordinated by broadcasters (or “platforms”) that choose ad levels and program types, and advertising finances the programming. Competition for viewers of the demographics most desired by advertisers implies that programming choices will be biased towards the tastes of those with such demographics. The ability to use subscription pricing may help improve performance by catering to the tastes of those otherwise under-represented, though higher full prices tend to favor broadcasters at the expense of viewers and advertisers. If advertising demand is weak, program equilibrium program selection may be too extreme as broadcasters strive to avoid ruinous subscription price competition, but strong advertising demand may lead to strong competition for viewers and hence minimum differentiation (“la pensée unique”). Markets (such as newspapers) with a high proportion of ad-lovers may be served only by monopoly due to a circulation spiral: advertisers want to place ads in the paper with most readers, but readers want to buy the paper with more ads."] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635208'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 188 |
3A1831635216.jsonld | ['gnd:4315813-4', 'gnd:4268059-1'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['vertical differentiation', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', 'gatekeepers', 'visual arts', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'Art ; Economic aspects', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', 'non-profit organizations', 'Culture', 'motion picture industry', 'Economic aspects', 'toys and games industry', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', 'theaters', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'recording industry', 'joint ventures', 'job-matching', 'creative industries', 'publishing industry', 'Art', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'royalties', 'Kulturwirtschaft', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Kunstökonomie', 'option contracts', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', 'agglomeration', 'ART ; General']] | ['Chapter 17 Organization of Arts and Entertainment Industries'] | ["The organization of the creative (arts and entertainment) industries rests on many types of contracts. These contracts govern collaborations between artists and other parties – at arm's length, or within an enterprise. These contracts' structures devolve from a few bedrock properties of creative work and creative products. Artists invest in developing their talents, presenting themselves before ‘gatekeepers’ who seek talents that can profitably be developed and marketed. Gatekeepers commonly function as agents for selecting artists and as match-makers between artists and complementary inputs. As an extension of the gatekeeping function, the participants in creative industries take part in a continuous ranking process that sets and revises the ranks of vertically differentiated talents. Real option contracts pervasively govern the sequential steps of developing a creative product. These can leave the artist an autonomous creative agent (pop musicians and record labels) or enclose artists' talents in an employment relationship (classic Hollywood studios). The transformation of the movie industry to ‘flexible specialization’ illustrates how changing basic conditions can transform the dominant form of organization. The scales of enterprise in the creative industries tend to be driven by the efficient scales with which creative goods are distributed (very large for record labels and movie studios, small for art galleries), and they tend to assort themselves into those focused on the distribution of creative goods (‘promoters’) and those concerned with identifying and nurturing creative talents (‘pickers’). Large enterprises also include the ‘entertainment conglomerates’ which seek synergistic gains that depend theoretically on quite special conditions; foreclosure and its avoidance may be principal motives. Non-profit enterprises dominate a number of arts activities, apparently for two interrelated reasons. These activities incur high fixed but low marginal costs, pressing them to employ two-part prices and club arrangements to ensure fixed costs' coverage. When product quality is endogenous, however, non-profit status may be necessary for the manager credibly to foreswear degrading quality once the fixed payment is in hand. Non-profits supported by donation streams thus enjoy functional advantages."] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635216'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 189 |
3A1831635232.jsonld | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['cultural economics', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'nonprofit organizations', 'Kulturwirtschaft', 'Art', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Economic aspects', 'performing arts firms', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'Kunstökonomie', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', 'Art ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', 'ART ; General', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'Culture', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750']] | ['Chapter 15 Nonprofit Firms in the Performing Arts'] | ['The nonprofit performing arts have received substantial attention in the cultural economics literature, and represent an interesting application for many areas of economic inquiry. This chapter surveys the relevant theory and the most prominent empirical studies on performing arts nonprofits. The chapter begins with a description of the nonprofit sector – and the role of the performing arts in this sector – around the world. I then ask why performing arts nonprofits exist, taking into account the objectives of both consumers and suppliers of performing arts services. Next, I study the production and cost conditions that these firms face, paying particular attention to issues such as product quality, product cross-subsidization, and the so-called “cost disease”. The issue of revenue sources and their generation follows, with a special emphasis on earned revenues, donations, and government subsidies. This discussion includes topics such as ticket pricing strategies, fundraising innovations, and the relationship between private giving and public funding. The chapter closes with suggestions for future research on the nonprofit performing arts.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635232'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 190 |
3A1831635240.jsonld | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', 'Economic aspects', 'learning-by-consuming', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', 'elasticity', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'rational addiction', 'firm versus industry', 'Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'product quality', 'demand', 'habit formation', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Culture', 'ART ; General', 'performing arts', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'pricing', 'Art ; Economic aspects', 'Art', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten']] | ['Chapter 14 Empirical Studies of Demand for the Performing Arts'] | ['While audience and participation surveys, as well as econometric demand studies, generally confirm that performing arts audiences are relatively elite, there are surprises. Education (despite conflicting causal interpretations) is a stronger determinant than income, but that evidence is more reliable from survey results than from econometric estimation, and arts training is often distinguished from formal education. The arts as luxury goods can only be confirmed by those rare studies controlling for the value of time, and price elasticities are often higher than expected, especially when more disaggregated data are examined. Price inelastic demand is more likely the result of low pricing strategies of non-profit arts managements rather than any inherent result of an acquired taste for the arts, while cross-price elasticity evidence is relatively weak, even within the performing arts. Arts demand cannot adequately be estimated without also considering “life-style” variables, or non-standard socioeconomic factors such as sexual orientation, gender and socialization processes, and even the role of age has been notably complex. Quality of arts performance or organization seems important, but the econometric results are mixed. Habit formation must be distinguished from learning-by-consuming and rational addiction in examining dynamic determinants. Sociologists, psychologists, and marketing specialists, as well as economists, have contributed to this literature, which remains unusually enigmatic despite about forty years of increasingly sophisticated analysis.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635240'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 191 |
3A1831635259.jsonld | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['conflict', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Kunstökonomie', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'globalization', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'tourism', 'economic development', 'Art', 'Kulturwirtschaft', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'Culture', 'culture', 'diversity', 'ART ; General', 'Economic aspects', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'Art ; Economic aspects']] | ['Chapter 13 Culture and Economic Development'] | ['This chapter begins by noting that culture as an element in economic development in the Third World has been largely neglected in traditional development economics, most writers either seeing culture as an obstacle to development or ignoring it altogether. Recently a shift in thinking has occurred whereby culture is now more widely seen as being more central to the development process, especially where a human-centered rather than a goods-centered view of development is taken. A particular aspect of culture that has been seen as important has been cultural diversity; it is argued that the beneficial aspects of diversity can only be realized when they are seen within a global ethical framework. The chapter goes on to consider the destructive and constructive role of conflict in bringing about social change, and discusses the pervasive effects of globalization on the economies and cultures of the world, arguing that international integration can lead to national disintegration. Next the chapter looks at the role of tourism as a significant economic and cultural force in developing countries. Finally the essay concludes with some recommendations for policy.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635259'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 192 |
3A1831635275.jsonld | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'pricing of reproduction rights', 'art dissemination', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Culture', 'art preservation', 'Kunstökonomie', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'Art', 'ART ; General', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', 'new media', 'Art ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', '(classificationName=ddc)330', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', 'Kulturwirtschaft', 'Economic aspects', 'arts financing', 'artistic standards and technological progress']] | ['Chapter 11 The Arts in the “New Economy”'] | ['The revolutionary growth in economic prosperity and technological change that underlie the “new economy” have profoundly affected the arts. They have evidently contributed new and previously unimaginable methods of dissemination and preservation. But they have even had revolutionary effects on goals and standards. They have substantially affected training. These developments also raise profound problems for financial support and pricing. The paper characterizes these developments and suggests the nature of the relationships. It also provides a brief discussion of relevant pricing principles dealing with the trade-off between encouragement of creativity and facilitation of dissemination.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635275'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 193 |
3A1831635291.jsonld | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['Internet', 'copyright', 'ART ; General', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Art ; Economic aspects', 'Kunstökonomie', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', '(classificationName=ddc)330', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', 'intellectual protection', 'Kulturwirtschaft', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'Art', 'licensing', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', 'Economic aspects', 'Culture', 'appropriability']] | ['Chapter 9 Copyright, Art and Internet: Blessing the Curse?'] | ['The new technologies of digitalization and the Internet threaten the market positions of artists and intermediaries. Artists because the technology of production of works may be readily accessible and craftsmanship may no longer be a defining characteristic of art. Intermediaries because their rents are linked to entry barriers in the distribution market. This curse of new technologies may be a blessing in disguise since it also increases the possibilities of production, of distribution and the emergence of new works of art. The system of intellectual protection gives market power to artists and the economic literature has analyzed the tradeoff between the dynamic inefficiency generated by this market power and the need to preserve the incentives for creation. We review this literature and some of its recent applications to artistic, and more generally intellectual, creation. Even if artists can capture perfectly the market value of the future home production by consumers, they may favor a strong copyright regime that prevents consumers from using their home production. Intermediaries and artists may want to limit competition in order to increase the rents brought by the indivisibility of creative ideas. The preferences of artists for strong or weaker form (e.g., licensing of rights for home production) of copyright may be related to their creativity.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635291'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 194 |
3A1831635321.jsonld | ['gnd:4315813-4', 'gnd:4268059-1'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['ART ; General', 'use value', 'Culture', 'Kulturwirtschaft', 'consumption skills', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', 'Economic aspects', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', 'Kunstökonomie', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'Art', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'artistic valuation', 'Art ; Economic aspects', 'tastes', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750']] | ['Chapter 6 Value and the Valuation of Art in Economic and Aesthetic Theory'] | ['Artistic value played a minor role in classical philosophy, but moved to center stage in 18th century aesthetic theory and also played a role in moral philosophy. The value of Art and the process of its valuation has remained an indispensable subject of modern aesthetics, while economists have excluded these topics from consideration. Recent attention to “external effects” has opened new ways of interpreting artistic value in a manner consistent with economic theory. Sections 1–5 narrate historical positions in both disciplines, many of which have left their imprint on current analysis. Sec- tions 6–8 focus on the contemporary discussion of artistic values and their logic of evaluation in economics and in aesthetics.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635321'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 195 |
3A183163533X.jsonld | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Kunstökonomie', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', 'Art', 'Economic aspects', 'non-economic value', 'Kulturwirtschaft', 'learning-by-consuming', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'ART ; General', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', '(classificationName=ddc)330', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', 'creativity', 'Culture', 'cultural goods', 'Art ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges']] | ['Chapter 5 Defining Cultural and Artistic Goods'] | ["This essay addresses the definition of artistic and cultural goods by the commonsense and pragmatic assertion that they are respectively goods that carry artistic and cultural (non-economic) values. However, these categories of non-economic value are themselves highly contested and require clarification for the definitions to be viable. The essay suggests an interpretation of the distinction of economic and non-economic values, and of non-economic cultural value, by drawing on the ideas of Nozick. For artistic value, the essay argues that creativity is a central concept, and explores the learning on creativity to be found in cognitive science. Cognitive science sees creativity as requiring both novelty and appropriateness to a particular cultural community. These insights underline some of the characteristics of markets for creative goods, including artistic goods, that cultural economists have stressed in their work independently of cognitive science. For artistic goods in particular, consumers join in the creativity of the artists, and this joint creativity enables us once again to invoke Nozick's concepts of intrinsic value and identify artistic value as a particular instance of non-economic value. The definitions are defended as coherent in the light of their consistency with economic thinking on stimulus goods and learning-by-consuming. Intellectual property is seen as overlapping but not necessary to artistic and cultural goods. Nothing in this essay should be taken as final, but, rather, as a possible starting point for a substantive discussion of non-economic values in these fields."] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A183163533X'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 196 |
3A1831635348.jsonld | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'Economic aspects', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', 'Art ; Economic aspects', 'Art', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'music composition', 'ART ; General', 'feudalism', 'Culture', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'Kunstökonomie', 'music performance', 'Kulturwirtschaft', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', 'free-lance creative activity', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'human capital']] | ['Chapter 4 The Evolution of Music Markets'] | ['This chapter traces the development of markets for music over the past several centuries. Formally organized music was at first supported primarily by churches and the nobility. Indeed, during the 18th century there was a kind of “arms race” in which noble houses competed for prestige through the quality of their orchestras and operas. Gradually, however, the role of churches and the nobility declined and more market-oriented venues, including vibrant markets for free-lance performance and composition, became dominant. A survey of 646 musicians born between 1650 and 1849 quantifies these trends, along with the increasing tendency for composers to earn their livelihood in part by teaching in conservatories and other music schools. The same data set is tapped to show the various ways in which composers learned their musical skills. When the data are analyzed in still another way, Austria is found to be the most intensive employer of composer–musicians per million population and also to have given birth to the largest number of composers relative to its population. The territory that in 1990 was Czechoslovakia was second in births; Germany was second in employment. One means by which composers derived income, especially with the ascendance of free-lance composition, was publication of their creations. The evolution of publishing technology and music copyright is traced. Gradually, as income per capita grew in the industrialized nations, audiences for musical performances broadened until by the end of the 19th century mass markets came into being. Radio and the phonograph radically transformed the ways music was enjoyed and widened the market for music even more. The electronic media in turn intensified a tendency that was already evident in the early 18th century – the ability of a few “superstars” to achieve spectacular financial success.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635348'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 197 |
3A1831635356.jsonld | ['gnd:4315813-4', 'gnd:4268059-1'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', 'dealers', 'ART ; General', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', 'Culture', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'rules vs. plays', 'guilds', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', 'Art ; Economic aspects', '(classificationName=ddc)330', 'auctions', 'Kulturwirtschaft', 'Art', 'Kunstökonomie', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', 'Economic aspects']] | ['Chapter 3 The History of Art Markets'] | ['Treating markets as arenas where relative advantage is contested, this entry explores the emergence and evolution of Western markets for paintings, 1450–1750, in terms of the players, their creative moves to secure gain, and the rules they devised to maintain order. Primary markets for paintings arose as a derivative of the commission market for one-off, mainly religious paintings in places such as Florence and Bruges, in the second half of the 15th century. Demand from foreign merchants eager to obtain works in the new medium, oil, gave Bruges an edge. So did a demand for easel paintings on thin linen, and even in oil on panel, as cheap substitutes for tapestries. Variety and cost also played a role. Emulation among differently-trained artists generated novel products plus extraordinary cost reductions, and painters discovered a latent demand among the less wealthy. Some novel products were exported, as were new techniques. The retail market in Florence was limited in size and largely confined to serving a need for cheaper versions of unique, public commissions. A mass demand for paintings across the social spectrum occurred principally in Northern cities: e.g., Antwerp, and later Amsterdam, though also in Spain. Resale markets followed retail with a lag, recycled paintings being handled by second-hand clothes dealers. This sequence – commission nexus, cost-reduction and novel sorts of paintings, mass retail, then resale markets – occurred in cities across Europe. As mass markets emerged, so too did specialist dealers. A large part of the entry is devoted to detailing their creative marketing moves. There were tensions as to whether only artists might sell, but demand mostly overrode guild reluctance to relinquish control of distribution. Widespread distribution came to require efficient sales mechanisms, hence public sales and auctions. The entry explores auction rules and techniques within the broader sequence identified above.'] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635356'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 198 |
3A1831635364.jsonld | ['gnd:4315813-4', 'gnd:4268059-1'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | ['oek'] | [['Kunstökonomie', 'economics of art', 'Kulturwirtschaft', '(classificationName=ddc)330', '(classificationName=bk, id=106415824)20.05 - Kunst in Beziehung zu anderen Wissenschaftsgebieten', 'Economic aspects', 'Culture', 'ART ; General', '(classificationName=ddc)706.88', 'arts policy', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', '(classificationName=bk, id=10642033X)83.79 - Wirtschaftssektoren: Sonstiges', '(classificationName=loc)N8600', '(classificationName=ddc)706.8/8', 'Culture ; Economic aspects', 'art and economics', 'Art', '(classificationName=rvk)QR 750', 'Art ; Economic aspects', 'cultural policy']] | ['Chapter 2 Art and Culture in the History of Economic Thought'] | ["Attention to art and culture goes far back in the history of economic thought. In the seventeenth century those activities were viewed suspiciously as likely to be either wasteful extravagances of the aristocracy, or dangerous distractions for the working classes. Eighteenth century economic thinkers offered more positive and thoughtful speculations. Mandeville and Galiani observed that the prices of art works were determined almost entirely on the demand side of the market, often by fashion and the search for distinction. The Enlightenment economic thinkers were intrigued by various aspects of art markets. Hume and Turgot perceived positive social benefits emerging from the arts, and they attempted to understand of what these consisted. Smith picked up some of the hints that were dropped and looked at art markets in a depth that had not been undertaken before. Like some other Enlightenment thinkers, Smith pictured the arts as being mainly about the imitation of perfection. Jeremy Bentham, with his emphasis on utility as a tool by which both to understand and judge market performance, insisted that the arts should not be distinguished from other forms of entertainment: pushpin, he asserted, equals poetry. Other political economists followed Bentham's lead and steered away from exploration of the economics of the arts. To some extent the void thus created was filled by humanistic writers, novelists, and essayists, notably Arnold, Ruskin, Dickens, and Morris, who were highly critical of the industrialization of the period and the emerging discipline of political economy that they perceived to go with it. In the “marginal revolution” of the 1870s the Benthamite injunction against special treatment for the arts was largely observed. At the same time, several of the new economists, notably William Stanley Jevons, became “closet esthetes”, enjoying their guilty pleasures but not often subjecting the arts to economic analysis. Disappointingly little concerning the arts and culture can be found in the distinctive American economics of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. There was almost a reversion to the seventeenth century view of the arts as the corrupt playthings of the idle rich. However, something like a return to the rich speculation of the eighteenth century Enlightenment occurred in the Bloomsbury Group that included the economist John Maynard Keynes. They rejected “Benthamism” and distinguished between the artistic experience and human consumption, and between the “imaginative life” of the mind and the biological activity of humans and other creatures. They discerned complex effects of the arts throughout society and placed arts policy high on the policy agenda."] | ['gnd:4268059-1', 'gnd:4315813-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635364'] | ['Kulturwirtschaft', 'Kunstökonomie'] | 19 | 199 |
3A1831635380.jsonld | ['gnd:4143069-4', 'gnd:4079351-5', 'gnd:4166306-8', 'gnd:4022393-0'] | ['Kollektiventscheidung', 'Wirtschaftstheorie', 'Arrow-Paradoxon', 'Abstimmung'] | ['oek'] | [['(classificationName=ddc)330.12/6', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Escolha (teoria econômica)', 'Choix collectif', '(classificationName=ddc)330.126', '(classificationName=msc)91B14', '(classificationName=rvk)QC 160', '(classificationName=msc)00B15', '(classificationName=bk, id=106414844)83.13 - Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik, Wohlfahrtstheorie', '(classificationName=msc)91B15', 'Social choice', 'Escolha social (modelos matemáticos)', 'Economic Theory', 'Welfare economics', 'Bem-estar econômico', 'Business & Economics', 'Mathematical models', 'Welvaartseconomie', 'Social choice ; Mathematical models', 'Économie du bien-être', '(classificationName=loc)HB846.8', 'Modèles mathématiques', '(classificationName=msc)*91-06', 'Electronic books']] | ['Subject index'] | ['This chapter lists the terms that have contributed to the book Handbook of Social Choice and Welfare , such as absolute Gini index, additivity, belief aggregation, and others. These terms have been mentioned along with the page numbers in which they have appeared in the bookfor the ease of the reader.'] | ['gnd:4022393-0', 'gnd:4079351-5', 'gnd:4143069-4', 'gnd:4166306-8', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831635380'] | ['Kollektiventscheidung', 'Wirtschaftstheorie', 'Arrow-Paradoxon', 'Abstimmung'] | 19 | 200 |
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