Unnamed: 0
int64 0
10k
| Cancer Type
stringclasses 10
values | PMID
int64 20.3M
39.6M
| Title
stringlengths 1
514
⌀ | Abstract
stringlengths 1
10k
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
300 | bone cancer | 39,558,206 | Multi-faceted strategies to advance health equity in colorectal cancer screening in primary care setting: quality improvement project. | The aim of this quality improvement (QI) project was to increase Colorectal Cancer (CRC) screening in patients ages 50-75 years from a baseline of 27-40% within 12 months in a primary care clinic in limited resource communities. |
301 | bone cancer | 39,558,166 | The Chemical Probes Portal - 2024: update on this public resource to support best-practice selection and use of small molecules in biomedical research. | The Chemical Probes Portal (www.chemicalprobes.org) is a free, public resource, based on expert-reviews, that supports the assessment, selection and use of small-molecule compounds that qualify as chemical probes. These high-quality reagents are essential for exploring the function of individual proteins in complex biological systems, such as cells and organisms, and for validating proteins as potential therapeutic targets. The use of reliable chemical probes accelerates protein annotation in basic biological studies and informs drug discovery. However, the use of low-quality compounds has historically led to erroneous conclusions in biomedical research, and experience shows that failure to follow best practice continues, an issue which the Portal aims to address. Here, we describe the latest updates to the Chemical Probes Portal in both content and functionality. The number of chemical probes and human protein targets covered has increased significantly, with improvements in the processes for obtaining expert reviews and user engagement. Moreover, new functionalities and enhanced tools have been introduced to better support biological researchers in selecting and using the best chemical probes for their studies. |
302 | bone cancer | 39,558,134 | Serum small extracellular vesicles-derived BST2 as a biomarker for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma promotes lymph node metastasis. | Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), although frequently indolent, could be aggressive in a few patients, leading to lymph node metastasis (LNM) and worsened prognosis. To explore the role of protein profiling of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in the auxiliary diagnosis and risk stratification of PTMC, proteins in serum sEVs isolated from PTMC patients with (N = 10) and without (N = 10) LNM and benign thyroid nodule (BN) patients (N = 9) were profiled via a bioinformatics-integrated data-independent acquisition proteomic technique. The performance of candidate proteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in PTMC was assessed via receiver operating characteristic analysis. We found that serum sEVs from PTMC patients promoted the proliferation and migration of human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells and tube formation in human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs). SEV proteins from PTMC patients with and without LNM have differential expression profiles, with bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) being best associated with PTMC progression. Through knockdown and overexpression, we proved that the high expression of sEV-derived BST2 was bound up with higher proliferation and migration ability of PTC cells as well as stronger lymphangiogenesis in HLECs. This study brought insight into the differential sEV-protein profile with or without LNM in PTMC. The serum sEV-BST2 may contribute to PTMC progression and LNM and may have diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. |
303 | bone cancer | 39,558,010 | Enhancing screening rates for bone health management in prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy with an automated outpatient system. | Bone health screening is crucial before and during androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer, yet changes in bone mineral density during ADT are often overlooked. To improve surveillance rates, we developed an auto-recruit path integrated into the outpatient system, where a pop-up reminder prompts physicians to arrange bone health screenings when ADT is prescribed without a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) screening in the past year. If selected, the system orders DXA and related examinations automatically. We retrospectively reviewed DXA screening rates from 2000 to 2018. During that period, only 286 out of 3,019 patients (9.5%) received DXA screenings. After implementing the auto-recruit system, 251 out of 747 eligible patients (33.6%) were screened from March 2021 to February 2022. Participants using ADT for over a year had worse T-scores and higher osteoporosis rates (34.5% vs. 23.2%) compared to those using ADT for less than a year. Post-screening, there was a significant increase in calcium supplement and bone protective agent use, highlighting improved patient awareness and proactive bone health management. In conclusion, bone health screening for prostate cancer patients on ADT remains an unmet need. The auto-recruit path in the outpatient system effectively increases screening rates and enhances bone health management. |
304 | bone cancer | 39,558,008 | Glucose uptake capacity of leukaemia cells in vitro correlates with response to induction therapy in acute myeloid leukaemia. | No abstract found |
305 | bone cancer | 39,557,947 | Association between chronic stress-related amygdala metabolic activity and lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer. | Chronic stress's link to endometrial cancer risk and tumor aggressiveness remains unclear. |
306 | bone cancer | 39,557,226 | A review on the potential use of bismuth nanoparticles in oral health. | According to many investigations, persistent oral infections may be caused by oral pathogenic biofilms. Irritation of soft tissues and subsequent bone resorption due to bacterial biofilm contamination of the implant further worsen oral health. Dental problems may be effectively treated using metal nanoparticles (NPs) because they limit the development of many different types of bacteria. With their low toxicity, X-ray sensitivity, high atomic number, near-infrared driven semiconductor qualities, and cheap cost, multifunctional bismuth (Bi) NPs with therapeutic activities show significant potential for the domains of bacterial infection diagnostics and treatment. Also, by directly communicating with the bacterial cell wall, stimulating intracellular effects, inhibiting biofilm formation, producing reactive oxygen species, and inducing adaptive and innate immune responses, BiNPs offer an alternative to conventional antibiotics for treating bacteria with multiple drug resistance (MDR). Hence, BiNPs, which have more antibacterial activity and fewer side effects than chlorhexidine, might be a promising option to fight biofilm-forming bacteria in the mouth. This could lead to their usage in several areas of dentistry. The research delves into the many synthesis techniques of BiNPs and their antibacterial and anticancer capabilities. Next, we'll review how this nanoparticle has helped with dental infections, periodontitis, and dental implant problems. The anticancer effects of BiNPs on oral cancer were also studied. Thus, after this paper, we have highlighted the therapeutic limits and ways to address this issue for the clinical success of BiNPs in promoting oral and dental health. |
307 | bone cancer | 39,556,816 | Thoracic aneurysmal bone cyst secondary to osteoblastoma: unique surgical management. Illustrative case. | Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are rare, benign, yet locally aggressive lesions that contain blood-filled channels that rarely occur in the thoracic spine of adults. The literature on the treatment of spinal ABCs is sparse, but the consensus is to achieve gross-total resection (GTR) due to these lesions being locally aggressive and to prevent recurrence. |
308 | bone cancer | 39,556,481 | Machine Learning Models to Predict Bone Metastasis Risk in Patients With Lung Cancer. | The aim of this study was to find the most appropriate variables to input into machine learning algorithms to identify those patients with primary lung malignancy with high risk for metastasis to the bone. |
309 | bone cancer | 39,556,101 | Polyinosinic/Polycytidylic Lipid Nanoparticles Enhance Immune Cell Infiltration and Improve Survival in the Glioblastoma Mouse Model. | Glioblastoma (GBM) immunotherapy is particularly challenging due to the pro-tumorigenic microenvironment, marked by low levels and inactive immune cells. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have emerged as potent immune adjuvants but failed to show improved outcomes in clinical trials when administered as a monotherapy. We hypothesize that a combined nanoparticulate formulation of TLR agonist and immunogenic cell death-inducing drug (doxorubicin) will synergize to induce improved GBM immunotherapy. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations of the TLR agonists CpG and polyinosinic/polycytidylic (pIpC), with and without Dox, were first prepared, achieving an encapsulation efficiency >75% and a size <140 nm. In vitro studies identified that LNP pIpC was superior to CpG at activating bone marrow-derived immune cell populations (dendritic cells and macrophages) with minimal toxicity. It was also observed that the pIpC formulation can skew macrophage polarization toward the antitumorigenic M1 phenotype and increase macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells. Upon intratumoral administration, pIpC Dox LNPs led to significant immune cell infiltration and activation. In survival models, the inclusion of Dox into pIpC LNP improved mice survival compared to control. However, addition of Dox did not show significant improvement in mice's survival compared to singly formulated pIpC LNP. This study has illustrated the potential of pIpC LNP formulations in prospective GBM immunotherapeutic regimes. Future studies will focus on optimizing dosage regimen and/or combination with other modalities, including the standard of care (temozolomide), immune checkpoint blockade, or cancer vaccines. |
310 | bone cancer | 39,555,724 | Diagnosis and typing of leukemia using a single peripheral blood cell through deep learning. | Leukemia is highly heterogeneous, meaning that different types of leukemia require different treatments and have different prognoses. Current clinical diagnostic and typing tests are complex and time-consuming. In particular, all of these tests rely on bone marrow aspiration, which is invasive and leads to poor patient compliance, exacerbating treatment delays. Morphological analysis of peripheral blood cells (PBC) is still primarily used to distinguish between benign and malignant hematologic disorders, but it remains a challenge to diagnose and type these diseases solely by direct observation of peripheral blood(PB) smears by human experts. In this study, we apply a segmentation-based enhanced residual network that uses progressive multigranularity training with jigsaw patches. It is trained on a self-built annotated dataset of 21,208 images from 237 patients, including five types of benign white blood cells(WBCs) and eight types of leukemic cells. The network is not only able to discriminate between benign and malignant cells, but also to typify leukemia using a single peripheral blood cell. The network effectively differentiated acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) from other types of acute myeloid leukemia (non-APL), achieving a precision rate of 89.34%, a recall rate of 97.37%, and an F1 score of 93.18% for APL. In contrast, for non-APL cases, the model achieved a precision rate of 92.86%, but a recall rate of 74.63% and an F1 score of 82.75%. In addition, the model discriminates acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) with the Ph chromosome from those without. This approach could improve patient compliance and enable faster and more accurate typing of leukemias for early diagnosis and treatment to improve survival. |
311 | bone cancer | 39,555,360 | Twofold Expression of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2 (ROR2) in Giant Cell Tumors of Bone: Outcome of a Case‒Control Study. | Suppression or overexpression of transmembrane proteins of the Wnt family and receptor tyrosine kinases (ROR1 and ROR2) is implicated in the causation of cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the expression of ROR2 in patients with giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) by quantitative PCR (qPCR). In this case‒control study, samples of tumor tissue (patients) and bone from the tumor-free margin (controls) were subjected to qPCR in patients who underwent definitive treatment. The GCTs were classified per radiologic classification and histologic grading. Eleven cases and controls, consisting of six men and five women with a mean age of 33.18 ± 12.35 (20-50) years, were included over the study period of 2 years. The median duration since diagnosis was 12 (IQR 9) months. There was a 2.51-fold change (upregulation of ROR2 expression) in cases compared with controls, which was significant (0.00). There was an increase in the expression of ROR2 with tumor grade. However, these differences were not significant (Campanacci ( |
312 | bone cancer | 39,555,355 | "Clinical Outcomes of Surgically Treated Locally Advanced Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Infra-Temporal Fossa Involvement: A Tertiary Cancer Centre Experience". | Traditionally, patients with T4b oral cavity cancer have been deemed inoperable, leading to palliative treatments, primarily radiation and chemotherapy. In this study, we aim to critically evaluate the outcome of surgical intervention, specifically Infra-temporal fossa (ITF) clearance, about disease-free survival and overall survival rates. This is a retrospective observational study conducted over 2 years. 45 patients with clinical-radiological diagnosis of T4b disease, who had been subjected to surgery with ITF clearance were followed up for 2 years to check for recurrence and mortality. Locoregional recurrence was observed in 20 patients (44.4%) among which 3 patients additionally had distant metastasis. At the last follow-up, the overall mortality noted was 26.7%, with 33 patients still alive, out of which 25 were disease-free. No significant correlation was found between patient or tumor-related factors and recurrence rates except positive soft tissue and close bone margins. Survival analysis revealed a mean disease-free survival (DFS) of 18.57 months and an overall survival (OS) of 21.75 months. Surgical resection is a viable option for a few selected patients with locally advanced oral cavity cancer, with acceptable outcomes. |
313 | bone cancer | 39,555,331 | Adamantinoma: A SEER-based Epidemiological Analysis. | Adamantinoma (AD) is a rare bone cancer accounting for less than 0.1-0.5% of all primary bone tumors. No consensus guidelines exist for the treatment of this disease and long-term (twenty-year) survival has yet to be explored. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program was queried for patients with a diagnosis of primary AD (ICD-O-3 code 9261/3). Demographic and treatment variables were analyzed via Fisher's Exact Test and 20-year overall survival (20y OS) was assessed via log-rank analysis. Seventy-four patients with AD were identified; median age was 20-24 years. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients < 25 years of age at diagnosis with AD had increased 20y OS compared to those > 24 years (HR = 0.28; p = 0.028), while no other variables influenced survival. Subanalysis demonstrated patients > 40 years saw decreased survival (46% [11%, 81%]) compared to those ≤ 40 years (96% [89%, 104%]; p = 0.005). Patients ≤ 40 years of age at diagnosis were more likely to have local disease (78% of all 49 local cases) and less likely to have distant disease (0% of two cases) compared to patients > 40 years (p = 0.017). Stratifying by surgical procedure, no difference in 20y OS was appreciated (p = 0.12). Younger age at diagnosis provides mortality benefit and increased proportion of localized disease for those diagnosed with AD. No other demographic or treatment variables were found to influence 20y OS. Population-based analysis of AD is limited both by disease rarity and incomplete coding within SEER. |
314 | bone cancer | 39,555,218 | A systematic review of prostate bed motion and anisotropic margins in post-prostatectomy external beam radiotherapy. | Prostate bed (PB) motion may lead to geographical miss of the target volume in post-prostatectomy radiotherapy (RT). Optimal clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) margins prevent geographical miss and unnecessary irradiation of normal tissue. There is little data available informing appropriate CTV to PTV margins in the post-prostatectomy setting. The purpose of this review was to quantify the inter-fraction and intra-fraction motion of the PB and draw a conclusion regarding the use of anisotropic CTV to PTV margins for post-prostatectomy RT treatment. |
315 | bone cancer | 39,555,164 | High-resolution ultrasound of thyroglossal cysts with special emphasis on the detection of cystic portions above the hyoid within the tongue base. | Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) within the tongue base represent a challenge for the surgeon and are often the cause of recurrence. |
316 | bone cancer | 39,555,075 | Predictive value of bowel dose-volume for severe radiation-induced lymphopenia and survival in cervical cancer. | Radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) is closely related to the prognosis of cervical cancer patients and may affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the factors influencing RIL are not very clear. In addition to bone marrow (BM) dose-volume, animal studies indicate radiation-induced bowel injury may be a more crucial factor. Further clarification of the correlation between RIL and bowel dose-volume is important for cervical cancer treatment. |
317 | bone cancer | 39,555,071 | Local radiotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer sustainably boosts the clinical benefit of first-line immunotherapy: a case report. | Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) has a dismal prognosis owing to its high aggressiveness, rapid drug resistance, and early metastasis. ES-SCLC responds well to first-line chemotherapy, and chemotherapy coupled with immunotherapy can further improve overall survival. However, the long-term survival of patients remains unsatisfactory because of its high recurrence rate and the poor efficacy of second-line treatment. Although local radiotherapy is an important component of the overall treatment for ES-SCLC, its value in the age of immunotherapy remains controversial. |
318 | bone cancer | 39,554,905 | Mesenchymal stem cell origin contributes to the antitumor effect of oncolytic virus carriers. | Oncolytic virotherapy shows promise as a cancer treatment approach; however, its systemic application is hindered by antibody neutralization. This issue can be overcome by using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as carrier cells for oncolytic viruses (OVs). However, it remains elusive whether MSC source influences the antitumor effect. Here, we demonstrate that their source affects the migration ability and oncolytic activity of OV-loaded MSCs. Among human MSCs derived from different tissues, bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) showed a high migration ability toward cancer cells in two- and three-dimensional MSC-cancer cell co-culture models. Comprehensive gene expression and Gene Ontology-based functional analyses suggested that genes involved in cell migration and cytokine response influence the cancer-specific tropism of BMMSCs. Furthermore, MSC origin affected the susceptibility to OVs, including cytotoxicity resistance and OV release from MSCs. MSC-mediated OV delivery significantly increased the viral spread and antitumor activity compared with delivery by OVs alone, and OV-loaded BMMSCs demonstrated the most potent antitumor effect among OV-loaded MSCs. Our results offer promising insights into cancer gene therapy with carrier cells and can help with the selection of an appropriate MSC source for MSC-based OV therapy. |
319 | bone cancer | 39,554,898 | Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of myeloid sarcoma in the oral cavity. | Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of immature myeloid precursor cells outside the bone marrow. The pathogenesis of MS is complex and not completely understood. Moreover, it develops in any extramedullary site of the body. In this editorial, we discuss the article published by Li |
320 | bone cancer | 39,554,689 | A "rotating menu" of medical uncertainty for families affected by telomere biology disorders: A qualitative interview study. | Medical uncertainty may cause distress and challenge medical decision-making for patients with rare diseases and their caregivers. Few studies have examined the experience and management of medical uncertainty in rare disease and the dynamics of multiple medical uncertainty sources, issues, and management strategies. |
321 | bone cancer | 39,554,562 | Metastasis patterns and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-based analysis. | Gastric cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies, and a majority of patients with gastric cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage. However, the association between metastatic patterns and survival outcomes in patients with advanced gastric cancer has not been fully explored. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the metastatic patterns and their association with prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. |
322 | bone cancer | 39,554,558 | Patient-controlled analgesia with hydromorphone treatment for advanced colon cancer with severe pain in an older adult patient: a case report and literature review. | Unrelieved cancer pain can seriously reduce patients' quality of life. Hydromorphone based patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is widely used in surgery. In recent years, it has also gained attention in the field of cancer pain. We report the case of an older patient with refractory pain secondary to colorectal cancer for whom PCA therapy led to improved symptomatic outcomes. |
323 | bone cancer | 39,554,264 | Maxillary intraosseous hemangioma: case report. | Maxillary intraosseous hemangiomas are rare benign vascular lesions, accounting for less than 1% of all primary bone tumors. Clinical examination often reveals a hard, painless swelling mass that is rarely pulsatile. Imaging not only helps to make a positive diagnosis but also contributes to therapeutic management. We report a case of a left maxillary intra osseous hemangioma Some authors have proposed exclusive embolization as a treatment for maxillary angiomas, but this requires several sessions for complete devascularization. |
324 | bone cancer | 39,554,058 | Anti-PTHrP blockade limits CD8+ T-cell exhaustion in anti-cancer immunotherapy. | Cancer is a major global health concern, with immune suppression hindering treatment. Immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint blockage on T cells, has revolutionized cancer treatment. T-cell exhaustion is an abnormal activation state that develops when continuous exposure to antigens, like cancer. In this context, recent evidence suggests that parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) plays a previously underappreciated role in fostering an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Further, blocking PTHrP activity reduces primary tumor growth, prevents metastasis, and prolongs survival in mice with various cancers. Here, we confirm that administration of anti-PTHrP monoclonal antibodies can reduce the growth of B16-PDL1 melanoma tumors and that although the therapy did not alter the presence of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs, we noted that all stages of T-cell exhaustion were reduced. Further, the expression of cytolytic proteins PERFORIN and GZMB also increased. By contrast, anti-PTHrP therapy increased the relative presence of pre-pro B cells with a decline in mature B cells in the bone marrow. Overall, our data indicates that anti-PTHrP therapy acts by reducing T-cell exhaustion and by affecting B-cell development. These provide further mechanistic evidence to support the application of anti-PTHrP blockade as an alternate therapeutic approach to boost anti-tumor immunity. |
325 | bone cancer | 39,553,844 | Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Carbon-Ion Radiation Therapy in Japan: A Japanese National Registry Study. | This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on carbon-ion radiation therapy (CIRT) in Japan by evaluating patient numbers and treatment trends from 2019 to 2022. |
326 | bone cancer | 39,553,823 | Incidence and Factors Associated With the Development of Calvarial Osteoradionecrosis in Patients Treated for Cutaneous Malignancies. | Retrospective cohort study. |
327 | bone cancer | 39,553,805 | Epidemiology and Characteristics of Women With Facial Fractures Seeking Emergency Care in the United States: A Retrospective Cohort Study. | Facial bone fractures in women are less common than in men in the United States. However, little is known about the epidemiology of women who sustain facial fractures. |
328 | bone cancer | 39,553,224 | Construction and clinical validation of risk model for predicting bone cement leakage after the surgical management of spinal metastases. | This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the risk factors associated with bone cement leakage (LCK) during the surgical management of spinal metastases, construct a joint risk model for predictive assessment, and validate the clinical applicability of the risk model in an independent patient cohort. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent surgery for spinal metastases between February 2022 and June 2023. Patients were divided into a non-LCK group (n=134) and an LCK group (n=86) based on the presence or absence of bone cement leakage after surgery. Additionally, a validation group was established, consisting of 21 patients with LCK and 65 patients without. Analysis focused on patient demographics, intraoperative parameters, LCK location, complications, pain management, and improvements in activities of daily living (ADL). Logistic regression, calibration curve, clinical impact curve (CIC) analysis, decision curve analysis (DCA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to assess the risk factors and construct a joint risk model. There were significant differences between the two groups in pathologic fracture, Tomita classification, posterior wall destruction, injected laterality, injected bone cement volume, radicular pain, pulmonary embolism, and medullary compression. Pathologic fracture, radicular pain, pulmonary embolism, and medullary compression were positively correlated with the occurrence of LCK, while Tomita classification, posterior wall destruction, injection laterality, and injected bone cement volume were negatively correlated with the occurrence of LCK. Pathological fracture, Tomita classification, posterior wall destruction, injected laterality, injected bone cement volume, and specific postoperative complications were identified as significant risk factors associated with LCK. The constructed joint risk model, incorporating these risk factors, demonstrated substantial predictive value, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.885. Clinical validation in an independent patient cohort further confirmed the predictive power of the joint risk model, with an AUC of 0.846. This study underscores the multifactorial nature of LCK in surgical management of spinal metastases, providing valuable insights for risk assessment and management. |
329 | bone cancer | 39,553,220 | Efficacy of abiraterone combined with prednisone in castration-resistant prostate cancer and its impact on miR-221/222 expression. | To assess the therapeutic efficacy of abiraterone combined with prednisone in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and investigate its effects on miR-221/222 expression. |
330 | bone cancer | 39,553,211 | Evodiamine exerts anti-cancer activity including growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis induction in human follicular thyroid cancers. | Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most prevalent endocrine malignancy with a steadily increasing incidence globally. Although standard treatments like thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy effectively manage most cases of differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC), certain recurrent cases or those involving poorly differentiated thyroid cancers (PDTC) demand more specialized interventions. Follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) is the second most common type of DTC, and frequently metastasizes through the bloodstream to distant sites such as bones and lungs which is a leading cause of metastatic and recurrent DTC and significantly affects survival. However, existing drugs primarily address symptom management without offering a curative solution. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new therapeutic agent for these challenging cases. Evodiamine (EVO), extracted from |
331 | bone cancer | 39,553,174 | Preconception and antenatal care for women with a history of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Results of a UK clinician survey. | Female childhood cancer survivors with history of bone marrow transplant with or without total body irradiation have increased pregnancy risks. Preconception counselling and early referral to appropriate clinical pathways may improve pregnancy outcomes. |
332 | bone cancer | 39,553,141 | Outcome, Complications, and Survival of Sarcomas of the Extremities Treated With Mega Prostheses: A Comprehensive Analysis of 115 Cases in a Cancer-Dedicated Hospital. | In the late 20th century, limb salvage surgery emerged as a game-changer for treating musculoskeletal tumors, evolving with advanced techniques to offer both survival and functional preservation. The objective of the study is to discuss key metrics, such as overall survival, metastasis-free survival, local recurrence-free survival, and functional outcomes, recognizing the importance of these measures. Despite hurdles such as potential infections and implant issues, it is crucial to understand and address complications, which is also highlighted in this study. |
333 | bone cancer | 39,553,096 | A Case of Bone Marrow Transplant-Associated Partial Lipodystrophy. | Lipodystrophy is characterized by abnormal fat distribution and has a broad range of etiologic associations. We present a case of a young Afro-Caribbean female to highlight the clinical features of bone marrow transplant-associated partial lipodystrophy. This review examines and provides diagnostic recommendations for discerning lipodystrophy and its potential cause and also provides follow-up guidance in those diagnosed with bone marrow transplant-associated partial lipodystrophy. We utilize this case to highlight the clinical implications of lipodystrophy and create awareness of this as a potential outcome in childhood cancer survivors. |
334 | bone cancer | 39,553,048 | Spinal Complications of Melanoma: A Case of Acute Paraplegia. | Melanoma is an aggressive cancer with a high potential for metastasis, commonly spreading to organs such as the lungs, brain, liver, and bones. Bone metastases, particularly to the spine, are a frequent complication and can result in severe pain, spinal cord compression, and neurological deficits. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical, though managing spinal metastases from melanoma poses significant challenges. We present the case of a 41-year-old man with a history of malignant melanoma who developed acute paraplegia following a pathological fracture of the third thoracic vertebra. The patient reported rapidly worsening back pain and loss of motor function in the lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a metastatic lesion in the third thoracic vertebrae, causing spinal cord compression. An emergency open laminectomy with partial tumor resection and vertebroplasty was performed to decompress the spinal cord and stabilize the spine. Postoperative recovery was remarkable, with significant improvement in motor and sensory function within 48 hours. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the metastatic melanoma diagnosis. This case highlights the challenges of diagnosing and managing acute paraplegia caused by spinal metastases in melanoma patients. Early recognition of symptoms and timely intervention are crucial to improving neurological outcomes. |
335 | bone cancer | 39,552,434 | A meta-analysis of the prognostic significance of CDKN deletions in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. | B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) are both types of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), which is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow characterized by the rapid proliferation of immature lymphocytes. In ALL, CDKN gene deletions have been extensively studied regarding their prognostic significance. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to determine whether there is a consistent relationship between CDKN gene variations and the incidence of lymphocytic leukaemia. |
336 | bone cancer | 39,552,216 | Systemic administration of a viral nanoparticle neoadjuvant prevents lung metastasis development through emergency myelopoiesis. | Cancer presents a significant public health concern, particularly in the context of metastatic disease. Surgical removal of primary tumors, while essential, can inadvertently heighten the risk of metastasis. Thus, there is a critical need for innovative neoadjuvant therapies capable of curtailing metastatic progression before or immediately following tumor resection. Addressing this imperative, the papaya mosaic virus nanoparticle (PapMV) has demonstrated potent immunostimulatory capabilities against both viruses and tumors, effectively hindering their proliferation. Our study reveals that PapMV exerts a protective effect against lung metastasis when administered systemically prior to tumor implantation or during the early stages of metastasis in various mouse models of cancer. This anti-tumor effect is initiated by the recruitment of myeloid cells in the lungs. These cells adopt a pro-inflammatory profile, secreting cytokines such as IFN-α, thus fostering a tumor microenvironment inhospitable to tumor progression. Crucially, this protective mechanism hinges on the presence of macrophages before treatment. TLR7 and IFN-I signaling pathways also play pivotal roles in this process. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that PapMV triggers the activation of the bone marrow emergency response, which accounts for the influx of myeloid cells into the lungs. This study unveils a novel aspect of PapMV's functionality. By bolstering the immune system, PapMV confers robust protection against metastasis at an early stage of disease progression. This discovery holds promise for therapeutic intervention, particularly as a preemptive measure prior to or just after surgical intervention. |
337 | bone cancer | 39,551,873 | The glycosyltransferase ST3GAL4 drives immune evasion in acute myeloid leukemia by synthesizing ligands for the glyco-immune checkpoint receptor Siglec-9. | Immunotherapy has demonstrated promise as a treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, there is still an urgent need to identify new molecules that inhibit the immune response to AML. Most prior research in this area has focused on protein-protein interaction interfaces. While carbohydrates also regulate immune recognition, the role of cell-surface glycans in driving AML immune evasion is comparatively understudied. The Siglecs, for example, are an important family of inhibitory, glycan-binding signaling receptors that have emerged as prime targets for cancer immunotherapy in recent years. In this study, we find that AML cells express ligands for the receptor Siglec-9 at high levels. Integrated CRISPR genomic screening and clinical bioinformatic analysis identified ST3GAL4 as a potential driver of Siglec-9 ligand expression in AML. Depletion of ST3GAL4 by CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (KO) dramatically reduced the expression of Siglec-9 ligands in AML cells. Mass spectrometry analysis of cell-surface glycosylation in ST3GAL4 KO cells revealed that Siglec-9 primarily binds N-linked sialoglycans on these cell types. Finally, we found that ST3GAL4 KO enhanced the sensitivity of AML cells to phagocytosis by Siglec-9-expressing macrophages. This work reveals a novel axis of immune evasion and implicates ST3GAL4 as a possible target for immunotherapy in AML. |
338 | bone cancer | 39,551,836 | Successful allogeneic CD34 | No abstract found |
339 | bone cancer | 39,551,330 | Cisplatin-functionalized dual-functional bone substitute granules for bone defect treatment after bone tumor resection. | Invasive bone tumors pose a significant healthcare challenge, often requiring systemic chemotherapy and limb salvage surgery. However, these strategies are hampered by severe side effects, complex post-resection bone defects, and high local recurrence rates. To address this, we developed dual-functional bone substitute biomaterials by functionalizing commercially available bone substitute granules (Bio-Oss® and MBCP®+) with the established anticancer agent cisplatin. Physicochemical characterization revealed that Bio-Oss® granules possess a higher surface area and lower crystallinity compared to MBCP®+ granules, which enhances their capacity for cisplatin adsorption and release. In co-cultures with metastatic breast and prostate cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and PC3) and bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs), cisplatin-functionalized granules and their releasates exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on cancer cells while having less impact on hBMSCs. Furthermore, investigations on the mechanism of action indicated that cisplatin induced significant cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and PC3 cells, contrasting with minimal effects on hBMSCs. In a rat femoral condyle defect model, cisplatin-functionalized granules did not evoke adverse effects on bone tissue ingrowth or new bone formation. Importantly, local application of cisplatin-functionalized granules resulted in negligible cisplatin accumulation without signs of apoptotic damage in kidneys and livers. Taken together, we here provide hard evidence that cisplatin-functionalized granules maintain a favorable balance between biosafety, anticancer efficacy, and bone regenerative capacity. Consequently, loading granular bone substitutes with cisplatin holds promise for local treatment of bone defects following bone tumor resections, presenting a safe and potentially more effective alternative to systemic cisplatin administration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Current treatments in combating malignant bone tumors are hampered by severe side effects, high local tumor recurrence, and complex bone defects after surgery. This study explores a facile manufacturing method to render two types of commercially available bone substitute granules (Bio-Oss® and MBCP®+) suitable for local delivery of cisplatin. The use of cisplatin-functionalized granules has shown promising results both in killing cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and in aiding bone regeneration. Importantly, this local treatment strategy avoids the systemic toxicity associated with traditional chemotherapy to excretory organs. This dual-functional strategy represents a significant advancement in bone cancer treatment, offering a safe and more efficient alternative that could improve outcomes for patients following bone tumor resection. |
340 | bone cancer | 39,551,301 | Putting forward novel sulfonamide-thiazole-pyrazoline hybrids as potential central core structure for the development of non-specific b-TNAP and c-IAP inhibitors. | Alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) play crucial role in various functions of human body, such as bone formation, metabolism in liver and intestines, and transfer of nutrients from mother to fetus during pregnancy. However, their overexpression is associated with severe consequences in different patients, such as deposition of minerals in dialysis patients also called coronary calcification and increased bone turnover in patients facing cancer metastization. Due to their involvement in crucial functions of human body and association with such harsh consequences, there is need of newer efficient ALP inhibitors that can tackle ALP excess without derailing the progress of normal functions. In this study, we reported synthesis and biological evaluation of novel series of sulfonamide-thiazole-pyrazoline hybrids (8a-j). The substitutions on the terminal phenyl groups of pyrazoline ring were designed as the basis for the SAR; however, all compounds showed efficient ALP (b-TNAP and c-IAP) inhibition activity, with 8c (IC |
341 | bone cancer | 39,550,841 | The impact of rhG-CSF on risk of recurrence after postoperative chemotherapy in NSCLC Patients: A retrospective cohort study. | Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) is widespread in the prevention and treatment of blood-related toxic effects associated with chemotherapy. This study aimed to explore the correlation between rhG-CSF and the recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients who have undergone postoperative chemotherapy. |
342 | bone cancer | 39,550,676 | [Use of sacituzumab govitecan in frail patients with skin disease.]. | The clinical case described concerns a 53-year-old patient with triple-negative disease, metastatic to the skin, fragile, not due to comorbidities, but due to toxicities from previous antiblastic treatments. The major toxicities reported, even previously, were inherent to bone marrow function, with prolonged neutropenia, despite the use of granulocyte growth factor (GCSF). The patient has no family history of breast cancer and does not have a mutation in the BRCA1/2 genes. In pathological history, only arterial hypertension under medical therapy with nebivolol. |
343 | bone cancer | 39,550,552 | Tongguanteng injection exerts anti-osteosarcoma effects through the ER stress-associated IRE1/CHOP pathway. | In China, Tongguanteng injection (TGT) is widely used in the treatment or adjuvant treatment of various types of cancer. However, the effect and mechanism of TGT in osteosarcoma is not clear. |
344 | bone cancer | 39,550,489 | UK guidelines for the management of bone sarcomas. | This document is an update of the British Sarcoma Group guidelines (2016) and provides a reference standard for the clinical care of UK patients with primary malignant bone tumours (PMBT) and giant cell tumours (GCTB) of bone. The guidelines recommend treatments that are effective and should be available in the UK, and support decisions about management and service delivery. The document represents a consensus amongst British Sarcoma Group members in 2024. Key recommendations are that bone pain, or a palpable mass should always lead to further investigation and that patients with clinical or radiological findings suggestive of a primary bone tumour at any anatomic site should be referred to a specialist centre and managed by an accredited bone sarcoma multidisciplinary team. Treatment recommendations are provided for the major tumour types and for localised, metastatic and recurrent disease. Follow-up schedules are suggested. |
345 | bone cancer | 39,550,329 | Quality of life outcomes in patients receiving dental implants in vascularised bone flaps for mandibular reconstruction. | Resection, reconstruction, and rehabilitation of the mandible impact function and health related quality of life (HRQOL). In this study, we aimed to understand the impact of delayed versus immediate dental implant placement. A cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted including patients who underwent reconstruction of the mandible via osseous vascularised bone flaps and dental implants. The FACE-Q Head and Neck Cancer module and the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory and Speech Handicap Index were used to evaluate HRQOL. A total of 187 implants were placed in 52 patients, of which 44 patients (85%) completed questionnaires. Immediate dental implant placement was associated with superior FACE-Q appearance (p = 0.02), oral competence (p = 0.004), smile distress (p = 0.03), and satisfaction with information (p = 0.004). Dentoalveolar rehabilitation through the placement of immediate dental implants at the time of surgery was found to be associated with higher HRQOL scores related to appearance, eating and drinking, oral competence, and smile. |
346 | bone cancer | 39,549,899 | Immune microenvironment of cancer bone metastasis. | Bone is a common and frequent site of metastasis in cancer patients, leading to a significant reduction in quality of life and increased mortality. Bone marrow, the primary site of hematopoiesis, also serves as both a primary and secondary lymphoid organ. It harbors and supports a diverse array of immune cells, thereby creating a distinct immune microenvironment. These immune cells engage in a range of activities, including anti-tumor, pro-tumor, or a combination of both, which influence the development and progression of bone metastases. Rapid advances in cancer immunotherapy have underscored its potential to eradicate bone metastases. However, clinical outcomes have not yet met expectations. To improve the efficacy of immunotherapy, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the immune microenvironment within bone metastases. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the role of different immune cells, their anti-tumor and pro-tumor activities, and their overall contribution to bone metastasis. |
347 | bone cancer | 39,549,837 | Bortezomib for rituximab-refractory immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the caplacizumab era: an Italian multicenter study. | Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) patients are not responsive to standard rituximab in approximately 10-15% of cases, and oral immunosuppressants showed controversial results with significant toxicity. Targeting plasma cells with bortezomib appears promising, but available evidence is scarce and stems only from isolated reports in the pre-caplacizumab era. |
348 | bone cancer | 39,549,502 | Exploring Novel Strategies to Alleviate Symptoms of β-Globinopathies: Examining the Potential Role of Embryonic ε-globin Induction. | β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease are among the most prevalent genetic blood disorders globally. These conditions arise from mutations in the β-globin gene, leading to defective hemoglobin production and resulting in anemia. Current treatments include γ-globin inducers (eg, Hydroxyurea), blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and bone marrow transplantation. Recently approved disease-modifying agents and promising gene therapies offer hope, yet their broad application is constrained by scalability challenges. Traditionally, research and development for β-globinopathies have focused on γ-globin induction. However, the ε-globin variant, which is active during early embryonic development and subsequently silenced prenatally, was once considered noninducible by postnatal pharmacological means. Recent studies indicate that, akin to γ-globin, enhancing ε-globin expression could compensate for impaired β-globin synthesis, potentially ameliorating the clinical manifestations of β-globinopathies. This review critically examines the viability of ε-globin induction as a therapeutic strategy for β-thalassemia and sickle cell diseases. It also delves into the burgeoning research on the mechanisms governing ε-globin silencing and its pharmacological reactivation. We conclude with a discussion of prospective research directions and drug development initiatives aimed at exploiting ε-globin's therapeutic promise. |
349 | bone cancer | 39,549,161 | Incidence, epidemiology, radiology, and classification of metastatic spine tumors: WFNS Spine Committee recommendations. | Spinal metastasis (SMs) are the most encountered tumors of the spine. Their occurrence is expected roughly around one to two years after primary tumor diagnosis. Since the advent of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), this technology has been considered the gold standard for SMs diagnosis and characterization due to its precise ability to comprehend the rate of soft tissue compression/invasion (dural sac/nervous tissue), which is one of the main drivers of management strategies. Computed Tomography (CT) remains unbeatable when a detailed bony anatomy and instability assessment is searched. Nuclear medicine technologies may have a role in diagnosis when standard MR or CT study findings are inconclusive or when the extent of the systemic metastatic disease is studied. The main objective of this study is to offer an update on the epidemiology and radiology of spinal metastasis (SMs), endorsed by the WFNS Spine Committee. A systematic review of the literature of the last ten years gave 1531 results with "spine/spinal metastatic tumors/metastasis AND radiology OR imaging OR classification" as search strings in all fields, of which 56 papers were fully analyzed. The results were discussed and voted on in two consensus meetings of the WFNS (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies) Spine Committee, reaching a positive or negative consensus using the Delphi method. The committee stated nine recommendations on two main topics: (1) Incidence and epidemiology of SMs; (2) Radiology and classifications of SMs. |
350 | bone cancer | 39,548,898 | Sumac liposomes/mesenchymal stem cells fight methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via regulating Nrf-2/Keap-1/HO-1 and apoptotic signaling pathways. | Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly employed in cancer treatment, but its clinical use is restricted due to the MTX-associated renal injury. This study investigates the combined potential of Rhus coriaria (sumac) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) against MTX-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The high-resolution-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR-LC-MS) of sumac extract tentatively identified 22 phytochemicals, mostly flavonoids, anthocyanins, and steroids. Preparation of sumac liposomes attained a suitable particle size of 3041.33 ± 339.42 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.208 ± 0.086, and an encapsulation efficiency of 84.92 ± 3.47%. Rat BMMSCs were injected into the tail vein of the experimental rats (0.5 × 10 |
351 | bone cancer | 39,548,564 | Modulation of SRC by SNTB1 activates the Hippo-YAP pathway during colon adenocarcinoma metastasis. | Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) ranks as the third most prevalent and lethal cancer in 2020, with metastasis being the primary cause of cancer-related mortality. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism underlying distant metastasis is imperative for enhancing the prognosis and quality of life of patients with COAD. |
352 | bone cancer | 39,548,557 | Outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and bone marrow fibrosis. | The outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and bone marrow fibrosis (MF) are not well defined. The study objectives were to evaluate the degrees of MF in AML, and corresponding response rates and outcomes. We performed a retrospective review of 2302 patients with AML. We annotated the clinical and molecular characteristics, response to therapy, and survival outcomes of patients with bone marrow fibrosis. Overall, 492 patients (21.4%) had a reported microscopic evaluation of MF: 344 (69.9%) had MF grade 0-1 and 148 (30.1%) had MF grade 2-3. Patients with MF 2-3 had a higher proportion of complex cytogenetics (39.2% vs. 24.7%, p = 0.002) JAK2 mutations (25.7% vs. 18%, p = 0.07) and lower proportion of IDH2 (16.9% vs. 25.9%, p = 0.03) and CEBPA (15.5% vs. 27.6%, p = 0.006) mutations. 64% were treated with low-intensity chemotherapy (LIT) and 36.1% with intensive chemotherapy (IT). The complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) rates were 63.5% with IC versus 37.9% with LIT (p = 0.007). In patients aged 60 or older 4-week mortality was 12.5% with IC vs. 9.3% with LIT (p = 0.8). The median overall survival (OS) was 14.2 with MF 0-1 versus 7.5 months with MF 2-3 (p < 0.005). In patients aged 60 or older with MF 2-3 median OS was 6.5 months with IT versus 7.0 months with LIT (p = 0.19). In a multivariate analysis, grade 2-3 MF (HR 2.0, 95%CI 1.59-2.51) was the strongest prognostic factor for survival. In summary, grade 2-3 MF in AML is associated with worse outcomes. |
353 | bone cancer | 39,548,309 | Correction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation activity in China 2022-2023. The proportions of peripheral blood for stem cell source continue to grow: a report from the Chinese Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry Group. | No abstract found |
354 | bone cancer | 39,548,070 | VSV | Oncolytic viruses (OV) are designed to selectively infect and kill cancer cells, while simultaneously eliciting antitumour immunity. The mechanism is expected to originate from infected cancer cells. However, recent reports of tumour regression unaccompanied by cancer cell infection suggest a more complex mechanism of action. Here, we engineered vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) |
355 | bone cancer | 39,547,916 | Diagnosing Bone Metastases in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis on Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies of 2-[ | This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 2-[ |
356 | bone cancer | 39,547,358 | Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Patients with Histiocytosis and Multimodal Imaging Features of Choroidal Infiltrates. | To evaluate choroidal findings in patients with histiocytosis including subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and multimodal imaging in eyes with choroidal infiltrates visible by ophthalmoscopy; and to determine if abnormalities change with histiocytosis-directed (kinase inhibitor) therapy. |
357 | bone cancer | 39,547,311 | Early Mixed Donor Chimerism is a Strong Negative Prognostic Indicator in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant for AML and MDS. | Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation remains the most potent curative therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) due to the graft-versus-tumor effect provided by donor cells. Donor chimerism is utilized early after transplantation to evaluate engraftment and to monitor the persistence of donor hematopoiesis. |
358 | bone cancer | 39,547,307 | Antagonists of CD39 and CD73 potentiate doxycycline repositioning to induce a potent antitumor immune response. | Studies have reported that cellular metabolism at the tumor-immune microenvironment (TiME) serves as a critical checkpoint and perturbs/supports anti-cancer immunity. Extra cellular ATP (eATP) may mediate anti-cancer immune response; however, its catabolism by ectonucleotidase generates immunosuppressive adenosine. In the presented work, we have tried to repurpose doxycycline with or without an antagonist of ectonucleotidase for mitigating ATP metabolism and immunosuppression. In this methodology eATP and adenosine levels were quantified. Bone marrow-derived M1 and M2 polarized macrophages were maintained in tumor mimicking condition (TMC). Total/CD4 |
359 | bone cancer | 39,546,097 | IDH1/2 Mutations in Cancer: Unifying Insights and Unlocking Therapeutic Potential for Chondrosarcoma. | Chondrosarcomas, a rare form of bone sarcomas with multiple subtypes, pose a pressing clinical challenge for patients with advanced or metastatic disease. The lack of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications underscores the urgent need for further research and development in this area. Patients and their families face challenges as there are no systemic therapeutic options available with substantial effectiveness. A significant number (50-80%) of chondrosarcomas have a mutation in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes. This review focuses on IDH-mediated pathogenesis and recent pharmacological advances with novel IDH inhibitors, explores their potential therapeutic value, and proposes potential future avenues for clinical trials combining IDH inhibitors with other systemic agents for chondrosarcomas. |
360 | bone cancer | 39,546,033 | Virtual reality for patient informed consent in skull base tumors and intracranial vascular pathologies: A pilot study. | With the growing demand for shared decision-making and patient-centered care, optimal informed consent (IC) has gained relevance. Virtual reality (VR) has seen significant technological advancements, and its medical applications currently include surgical planning and medical education. This pilot study investigates the feasibility of VR-enhanced informed consent (VR-IC) in neurosurgery to improve preoperative IC and patient satisfaction. |
361 | bone cancer | 39,545,817 | Clinical impact of ceftazidime/avibactam on the treatment of suspected or proven infections in a large cohort of patients with haematological malignancies: a multicentre observational real-world study. | To evaluate clinical impact of ceftazidime/avibactam on treating infections due to MDR Gram-negative bacteria in patients with haematological malignancies (HMs). |
362 | bone cancer | 39,545,524 | Gliosarcoma: A Multi-Institutional Analysis on Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors. | This study describes oncological outcomes and investigates prognostic factors for patients with gliosarcomas (GSM). |
363 | bone cancer | 39,545,505 | Haematogenous seeding in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome: Current evidence and clinical implications. | Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterised by abnormal neoplastic T-cell growth in the skin. Mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common CTCL, manifests as erythematous skin patches and/or plaques, tumours or erythroderma. The disease may involve blood, lymph nodes and rarely viscera. Sézary syndrome (SS) is a unique leukaemia/lymphoma syndrome related to MF, which presents with blood and skin involvement at diagnosis. The pathogenesis of MF/SS is not fully elucidated. The presence of skin lesions at distant sites underpins a hypothesis that MF/SS lesions may develop through haematogenous seeding. Phenotypic similarities between malignant and normal T-cells led to the notion that disease-initiating mutations occur in specific subtypes of mature T-cells, which are responsible for most CTCLs. However, this mature T-cell precursor model is not always consistent with clinical observations and research on MF/SS pathogenesis. Here, we review evidence supporting an alternative model of pathogenesis for MF/SS involving haematogenous seeding as a key process responsible for the initiation and progression of the disease. According to this hypothesis, malignant transformation occurs at an early stage of T-cell development (probably in bone marrow or thymus), yielding circulating neoplastic T-cells which colonise the skin where the microenvironment is most permissive for proliferation and evolution. These mutated precursor cells seed the skin where they find a suitable niche to develop into clinically perceptible disease. Subsequently, malignant T-cells can re-enter the bloodstream, re-seed pre-existing lesions and seed new areas of the skin, causing synchronous and convergent changes in the transcriptomic profile of lesions and tumours, and clinical disease progression - 'consecutive haematogenous seeding' captures this temporal phenomenon. This model radically changes the current understanding of CTCL pathogenesis, transforming it from a primarily cutaneous disease with secondary involvement of blood, to a systemic disease, where the spread of malignant cells through the blood to the skin is not a phenomenon of advanced disease but is an essential component of pathogenesis. This understanding of MF/SS could have several clinical implications, including standardising our approach to assessing blood tumour burden, potential advances in prognosis and monitoring, and investigating combination treatments to improve patient outcomes. |
364 | bone cancer | 39,545,427 | CARCINOMA-EX- PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA ARISING WITHIN A PALATAL MINOR SALIVARY GLAND: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE. | Carcinoma-ex-Pleomorphic Adenoma (CXPA) is a malignant tumour originating from the epithelial components of a primary or recurrent Pleomorphic Adenoma (PA). The minor salivary gland of the palate is not a common site of occurrence of this tumour. Approximately 6% of pleomorphic adenomas have the potential to transform into carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA). It is typically a high-grade tumour and disease-related death is often being seen due to distant metastases. |
365 | bone cancer | 39,545,397 | Parameningeal Rhabdomyosarcoma: Results of the European Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group RMS 2005 Study. | Parameningeal (PM) site is an unfavorable characteristic in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). We described the treatment and outcome for patients with PM RMS and investigated the prognostic value of risk factors. We scored PM site by originating site and by highest risk extension. |
366 | bone cancer | 39,545,327 | Deranged cytokine levels are linked to cancer-related cognitive impairment in lymphoma patients receiving R-CHOP chemotherapy. | Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a significant issue commonly observed following chemotherapy treatment. The study aimed to investigate the changes in cognitive function and their association with IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 levels before and after R-CHOP chemotherapy over six cycles. Seventy chemotherapy naïve, newly diagnosed lymphoma patients were enrolled. Cognitive functions and inflammatory cytokines were assessed at baseline (TP1), after 3rd cycle (TP2), and after 6th cycle (TP3). Patients, with mean age of 44.17 ± 13.67 years, showed significantly increased levels of IL-6 and IL-1β and decreased IL-10 levels over time ( |
367 | bone cancer | 39,545,165 | Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) for Latin American Spanish-Speaking Patients With Limb Sarcoma: Latin American Spanish TESS Adaptation. | null |
368 | bone cancer | 39,544,974 | Breast tuberculosis with bone destruction mimicking breast cancer with bone metastasis: a case report and literature review. | Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant global health challenge. While the incidence of breast TB (BTB) is relatively low, it can easily be mistaken for breast cancer or breast granulomatous lobulitis, potentially delaying timely intervention. The gold standard for diagnosis consists of |
369 | bone cancer | 39,544,969 | Ectopic thyroid follicular carcinoma in the right mandible: a case report. | Ectopic thyroid carcinoma in the mandible is extraordinarily rare; few histologically proven cases have been reported in the literature. Embryologically, cases of ectopic thyroid occur with a developmental abnormality during the migration of the thyroid gland from the floor of the primitive foregut to its final position in the neck. Ectopic thyroid tissue can be found around the course of the thyroglossal duct or laterally in the neck, and even in the mediastinum or below the diaphragm. Since 90% of ectopic thyroid tissues are located at tongue bases, the mandible ectopic thyroid gland is extremely rare. Theoretically, ectopic thyroid glands in the mandible are unlikely to become cancerous. Clinically, follicular carcinoma is less common than papillary carcinoma in both the ectopic thyroid regions and the eutopic anterior neck position. This case is the first to report a cancerous ectopic thyroid in the mandibular bone with eutopic thyroid follicular adenoma and adenomatous goiter. |
370 | bone cancer | 39,544,774 | Finite element comparison of titanium and polyetheretherketone materials for mandibular defect reconstruction. | To evaluate the biomechanical performance of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium alloys in a base-type fixation system for mandibular defect reconstruction following partial resection due to tumors, trauma, or cancer, using finite element analysis. |
371 | bone cancer | 39,544,773 | Risk factor analysis and predictive model construction for bone metastasis in newly diagnosed malignant tumor patients. | To identify risk factors for bone metastasis in patients with newly diagnosed malignant tumor and to develop a prediction model. |
372 | bone cancer | 39,544,742 | Effects of bisphosphonates combined with calcitriol in treating osteoporosis induced by endocrine therapy for breast cancer. | To evaluate the therapeutic effects of bisphosphonates (specifically zoledronic acid) combined with calcitriol on osteoporosis (OP) induced by endocrine therapy for breast cancer. |
373 | bone cancer | 39,544,624 | Preclinical evaluation of the CD38-targeting engineered toxin body MT-0169 against multiple myeloma. | Despite significant progress in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), relapsed/refractory patients urgently require more effective therapies. We here describe the discovery, mechanism of action, and preclinical anti-MM activity of engineered toxin body MT-0169, a next-generation immunotoxin comprising a CD38-specific antibody fragment linked to a de-immunized Shiga-like toxin A subunit (SLTA) payload. We show that specific binding of MT-0169 to CD38 on MM cell lines triggers rapid internalization of SLTA, causing cell death via irreversible ribosome inhibition, protein synthesis blockade, and caspase 3/7 activation. In co-culture experiments, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells did not induce drug resistance against MT-0169. In the preclinical setting, MT-0169 effectively lysed primary MM cells from newly diagnosed and heavily pretreated MM patients, including those refractory to daratumumab, with minimal toxicity against nonmalignant hematopoietic cells. MM cell lysis showed a significant correlation with their CD38 expression levels but not with cytogenetic risk, tumor load, or number of prior lines of therapy. Finally, MT-0169 showed efficient in vivo anti-MM activity in various mouse xenograft models, including one in which MM cells are grown in a humanized bone marrow-like niche. These findings support clinical investigation of MT-0169 in relapsed/refractory MM patients, including those refractory to CD38-targeting immunotherapies. |
374 | bone cancer | 39,544,591 | Real-World Clinical Outcomes of Treatment With Olaparib for BRCA1/2 Mutation-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer in Japanese Patients. | Background Olaparib is effective in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients, mainly confirmed by deleterious germline |
375 | bone cancer | 39,544,478 | Accuracy of clinical diagnosis, imaging methods, and biopsy in tumours and pseudo-tumours of the hand. | The appropriate use of imaging methods in bone and soft tissue tumours of the hand is well established in the radiological literature. However, since most of the tumoral conditions of the hand are benign, the use of imaging methods may be based on clinician preferences and technical availability. The aim of this work is to present the experience in our institution in the management of tumours and pseudo-tumours of the hand and to review the utility of different imaging methods in their diagnosis. |
376 | bone cancer | 39,544,474 | Positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging applications in pediatric musculoskeletal tumors. | The hybrid imaging positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) is an important tool in the management of pediatric oncology patients, particularly in malignant musculoskeletal pathologies, because it combines the functional and metabolic information of tumor provided by PET with the high soft-tissue contrast and the functional information offered by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
377 | bone cancer | 39,544,462 | Metastatic bone lesion type in gastric cancer patients: imaging findings of case reports. | Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer globally and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. While it predominantly metastasizes to the liver, peritoneum, and lungs, bone metastasis (BM) is a rare but severe complication. BM occurs in 1-20% of GC cases and is associated with a poor prognosis. Typically, BM in GC presents at advanced stages, often with non-specific symptoms, making early detection challenging. |
378 | bone cancer | 39,544,364 | Transglutaminase 2 in breast cancer metastasis and drug resistance. | Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a widely distributed multifunctional protein with various enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities. It is becoming increasingly evident that high levels of TG2 in tumors induce the occurrence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the acquisition of stem cell-like phenotypes, promoting tumor metastasis and drug resistance. By regulating intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways, TG2 promotes breast cancer metastasis to lung, brain, liver and bone, as well as resistance to various chemotherapy drugs including docetaxel, doxorubicin, platinum and neratinib. More importantly, recent studies described the involvement of TG2 in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors resistance. An in-depth understanding of the role that TG2 plays in the progression of metastasis and drug resistance will offer new therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment. This review covers the extensive and rapidly growing field of the role of TG2 in breast cancer. Based on the role of TG2 in EMT, we summarize TG2-related signaling pathways in breast cancer metastasis and drug resistance and discuss TG2 as a therapeutic target. |
379 | bone cancer | 39,544,295 | Immunophenotyping myelodysplastic neoplasms: the role of flow cytometry in the molecular classification era. | The unique heterogenous landscape of myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS) has resulted in continuous redefinition of disease sub-entities, in view of the novel translational research data that have clarified several areas of the pathogenesis and the progression of the disease. The new international classifications (WHO 2022, ICC 2022) have incorporated genomic data defining phenotypical alterations, that guide clinical management of specific patient subgroups. On the other hand, for over a decade, multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) has proven its value as a complementary diagnostic tool for these diseases and although it has never been established as a mandatory test for the baseline evaluation of MDS patients in international guidelines, it is almost universally adopted in everyday clinical practice for the assessment of suspected cytopenias through simplified scoring systems or elaborate analytical strategies for the detection of immunophenotypical dysplastic features in every hematopoietic cell lineage in the bone marrow (BM). In this review, we explore the clinically meaningful interplay of MFC data and genetic profiles of MDS patients, to reveal the currently existing and the potential future role of each methodology for routine clinical practice, and the benefit of the patients. We reviewed the existing knowledge and recent advances in the field and discuss how an integrated approach could lead to patient re-stratification and guide personalized management. |
380 | bone cancer | 39,544,287 | Safety and efficacy of combined acetabular reconstruction and microwave ablation in the treatment of periacetabular metastatic disease: a retrospective clinical evaluation. | The periacetabular bone defects caused by metastatic disease often necessitate acetabular reconstruction and various techniques have been employed with varying degrees of success. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acetabular reconstruction in conjunction with adjuvant microwave ablation as a surgical intervention for patients with periacetabular metastases. |
381 | bone cancer | 39,543,902 | Eruption disturbance in first molar and primary second molar caused by multiple compound odontomas: a case report. | Odontoma is an occasionally encountered condition that disturbs the eruption of adjacent teeth. Few reports have described multiple odontomas occurring at two adjacent sites, resulting in eruption disturbances of both primary and permanent teeth. An 8-year 2-month-old boy was referred to our hospital. Oral examination revealed that the maxillary left first molar and primary second molar were absent, and radiographic examination showed multiple compound odontomas in two regions near these unerupted teeth. The first molar gradually erupted after removal of the odontoma and excision of overlying gingiva around the tooth crown. The maxillary left second premolar spontaneously erupted at 9 years 6 months of age, but the impacted primary second molar and surrounding odontoma were located near the bottom of the maxillary sinus. The treatment plan was required to consider the completion of second premolar root development, followed by removal of the impacted primary second molar and remaining odontomas. In this case, the multiple odontomas were suspected to have disturbed the eruption of both primary and permanent teeth, and the degree of positional abnormality varied between the two teeth. This case report suggests the importance of early detection and treatment of teeth with odontoma-induced eruption disturbances. |
382 | bone cancer | 39,543,777 | Pathophysiology and preclinical relevance of experimental graft-versus-host disease in humanized mice. | Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantations (allo-HCT) used for the treatment of hematological malignancies and other blood-related disorders. Until recently, the discovery of actionable molecular targets to treat GVHD and their preclinical testing was almost exclusively based on modeling allo-HCT in mice by transplanting bone marrow and splenocytes from donor mice into MHC-mismatched recipient animals. However, due to fundamental differences between human and mouse immunology, the translation of these molecular targets into the clinic can be limited. Therefore, humanized mouse models of GVHD were developed to circumvent this limitation. In these models, following the transplantation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into immunodeficient mice, T cells recognize and attack mouse organs, inducing GVHD. Thereby, humanized mice provide a platform for the evaluation of the effects of candidate therapies on GVHD mediated by human immune cells in vivo. Understanding the pathophysiology of this xenogeneic GVHD is therefore crucial for the design and interpretation of experiments performed with this model. In this article, we comprehensively review the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing GVHD in the most commonly used model of xenogeneic GVHD: PBMC-engrafted NOD/LtSz-Prkdc |
383 | bone cancer | 39,543,760 | Erector spinae plane block for cancer pain relief: a systematic review. | Despite advances in pain management, cancer-related pain remains a critical issue for many patients. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of fascial plane blocks, such as the Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB), for managing chronic pain, including in the oncology field. We conducted a systematic review to synthetize existing evidence on the use of ESPB for cancer pain management. |
384 | bone cancer | 39,543,758 | A giant parathyroid adenoma: a case report. | Primary hyperparathyroidism is an endocrine disease and a common cause of nonmalignant hypercalcemia, often discovered incidentally in asymptomatic patients. The case reported herein illustrates that significant hormonal imbalances can present with unexpectedly mild clinical manifestations. |
385 | bone cancer | 39,543,298 | Bone marrow in the skull plays a surprisingly important role in ageing. | No abstract found |
386 | bone cancer | 39,542,946 | Enhancing bone metastasis prediction in prostate cancer using quantitative mpMRI features, ISUP grade and PSA density: a machine learning approach. | Bone metastasis is a critical complication in prostate cancer, significantly impacting patient prognosis and quality of life. This study aims to enhance bone metastasis prediction using machine learning (ML) techniques by integrating dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) perfusion features, International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density. |
387 | bone cancer | 39,542,920 | Benefit-finding in children with advanced cancer and their parents. | Although pediatric cancer often causes significant stress for families, most childhood cancer survivors are resilient and do not exhibit severe or lasting psychopathology. Research demonstrates some survivors may report benefit-finding or positive outcomes following this stressful life event. However, considerably less research has included families of children who are unlikely to survive their illness. Thus, this study investigated benefit-finding among parents and their children with advanced cancer, as well as associated demographic and medical factors. |
388 | bone cancer | 39,542,800 | CD93 aggravates cell proliferation, angiogenesis and immune escape in osteosarcoma through triggering the PI3K/AKT pathway. | Osteosarcoma is the most familiar primary malignant tumor occurred in bone in young people and is featured by complicated genetic changes. CD93 has been affirmed to exhibit the facilitative roles in multiple cancers. |
389 | bone cancer | 39,542,495 | A solitary enchondroma in the radial shaft. | Solitary enchondromas are usually seen in the tubular bones of the hands and feet. Their occurrence in the radius is extremely rare. Here, we report a male patient in his 30s with a history of pain in the right forearm for the past 7 months and swelling for the past 4 months. He was radiologically diagnosed with enchondroma of the radial shaft. He underwent an open biopsy and curettage of the lesion. The histopathological evaluation further confirmed the diagnosis. Following the surgical management, he was symptomatically better on follow-up visits. Enchondromas of the radius are rare in occurrence. A high index of suspicion and clinical evaluation is necessary to diagnose and manage such lesions. |
390 | bone cancer | 39,542,292 | Evaluation of safety and biomedical potential of water-soluble oat lignin Avena sativa L. | The study of the value of lignin for biomedical use is generating growing interest. For the first time, the safety and biological efficacy of lignin from the stems of the oat Avena sativa L. were studied, necessary for a preliminary assessment of its biomedical potential, have been studied. In vitro experiments, a sample of oat lignin exhibited cytotoxicity to the HeLa, A549, and HT-29 cancer cell lines, depending on the concentration. At maximum concentrations 125 and 150 μg/ml, it reduced their survival and increased the level of reactive oxygen species. In vivo experiments, a sample of oat lignin, with acute (from 5 to 250 mg/kg body weight) and chronic (300, 1200 and 2000 mg/kg body weight) administration, did not have a toxic or genotoxic effect on the organs of mice. The biological efficacy of the oat lignin was manifested in activation of repair processes in bone marrow and thyroid gland, a decrease in the level of abnormal spermatozoa in males, stimulation of reproductive performance of females and in increase in research activity and a decrease in the level of anxiety in animals. The results indicate the prospects for further study of the medical and biological potential lignin of the oat. |
391 | bone cancer | 39,541,348 | Monocytes give rise to Langerhans cells that preferentially migrate to lymph nodes at steady state. | Current evidence suggests that ontogeny may account for the functional heterogeneity of some tissue macrophages, but not others. Here, we asked whether developmental origin drives different functions of skin Langerhans cells (LCs), an embryo-derived mononuclear phagocyte with features of both tissue macrophages and dendritic cells. Using time-course analyses, bone marrow chimeras, and fate tracing models, we found that the complete elimination of embryo-derived LCs at steady state results in their repopulation from circulating monocytes. However, monocyte-derived LCs inefficiently replenished the epidermal niche. Instead, these cells preferentially migrated to skin-draining lymph nodes. Mechanistically, we show that the enhanced migratory capability of monocyte-derived LCs is associated with higher expression of CD207/Langerin, a C-type lectin involved in the capture of skin microbes. Our data demonstrate that ontogeny plays a role in the migratory behavior of epidermal LCs. |
392 | bone cancer | 39,541,346 | Discovery of highly potent and ALK2/ALK1 selective kinase inhibitors using DNA-encoded chemistry technology. | Activin receptor type 1 (ACVR1; ALK2) and activin receptor like type 1 (ACVRL1; ALK1) are transforming growth factor beta family receptors that integrate extracellular signals of bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and activins into Mothers Against Decapentaplegic homolog 1/5 (SMAD1/SMAD5) signaling complexes. Several activating mutations in ALK2 are implicated in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, and ependymomas. The ALK2 R206H mutation is also present in a subset of endometrial tumors, melanomas, non-small lung cancers, and colorectal cancers, and ALK2 expression is elevated in pancreatic cancer. Using DNA-encoded chemistry technology, we screened 3.94 billion unique compounds from our diverse DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DECLs) against the kinase domain of ALK2. Off-DNA synthesis of DECL hits and biochemical validation revealed nanomolar potent ALK2 inhibitors. Further structure-activity relationship studies yielded center for drug discovery (CDD)-2789, a potent [NanoBRET (NB) cell IC |
393 | bone cancer | 39,541,184 | Rapid Disease Progression of Myelodysplastic Syndrome is Reflected in Transcriptomic and Functional Abnormalities of Bone Marrow MSCs. | Bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are important regulators of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). When transformed to a dysplastic phenotype, MSCs contribute to hematopoietic diseases such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), but it remains unclear if there are specific properties in MDS-MSCs that contribute to the disease course. To understand this, we investigated MDS-MSCs from fast (MDSfast) vs slow (MDSslow) progressing disease groups and discovered differences between these groups. MDSfast-MSCs secrete more inflammatory factors, support myeloid-skewed differentiation of HSPCs, and importantly, show poorer response to hypomethylation as a key differentiator in GSEA analysis. When exposed to long-term in vivo stimulation with primary MDSfast-MSCs-based scaffolds, healthy donor (HD) HSPCs show elevated NF-κB expression, similar to leukemic HSPCs in MDS. Those "MDSfast-MSCs-primed" HD-HSPCs continue to show enhanced engraftment rates in secondary MDS-MSC-based scaffolds, providing evidence for the microenvironmental selection pressures in MDS towards leukemic HSPCs. Together, our data point towards a degree of co-development between MSCs and HSPCs during the progression of MDS, where changes in MDS-MSCs take place mainly at the transcriptomic and functional levels. These unique differences in MDS-MSCs can be utilized to improve disease prognostication and implement targeted therapy for unmet clinical needs. |
394 | bone cancer | 39,540,841 | Aberrant activation of wound healing programs within the metastatic niche facilitates lung colonization by osteosarcoma cells. | Lung metastasis is responsible for most deaths caused by osteosarcoma. How malignant bone cells coerce the lung microenvironment to support metastatic growth remains unclear. We sought to identify metastasis-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities by delineating the cellular and molecular mechanisms essential to metastatic niche formation in the lung. |
395 | bone cancer | 39,540,724 | Fertility Preservation in Postpubertal Males Undergoing Cancer Treatment in a Middle-Income Country: Is it Possible Despite the Barriers? | Increased survival rates in childhood cancer have led to an emphasis on the importance of treatment-related infertility. Fertility preservation methods should be explained to every patient and their families (PaFs) before treatment. Establishing good communication with PaFs is crucial in this regard despite many barriers such as cultural and financial barriers. Routine feasibility of sperm preservation (SP) in adolescent males newly diagnosed with cancer was evaluated after the implementation of reimbursement for the procedure and storage by the national healthcare system. |
396 | bone cancer | 39,540,661 | Nivolumab and sunitinib in patients with advanced bone sarcomas: A multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial. | Herein, we present the results of the phase 2 IMMUNOSARC study (NCT03277924), investigating sunitinib and nivolumab in adult patients with advanced bone sarcomas (BS). |
397 | bone cancer | 39,540,580 | Novel Hyoid Reconstruction and Tracheal Onlay Grafting in a Child with Teratoma and Absence of Hyoid. | Herein is presented a case of a 3-year-old who was the product of a pregnancy complicated by fetal congenital cervical teratoma. The teratoma was resected day-of-life 6, and he underwent tracheotomy. Radiologic review of his cartilaginous cervical anatomy in utero, pre- and post-tumor excision indicated congenital absence of the hyoid. An initial double-staged laryngotracheal reconstruction improved the subglottic and tracheal airway, but the supraglottic and pharyngeal airway remained collapsed. Using a cadaveric cartilage, a hyoid was fashioned. After the pharynx and straps muscles were sewn to the hyoid construct, the supraglottic and supra-laryngeal airway improved. Subsequent laryngotracheal reconstruction, which included tracheal onlay grafts of cadaveric cartilage, achieved decannulation. Laryngoscope, 134:5207-5209, 2024. |
398 | bone cancer | 39,540,576 | Generation of BT-Amide, a Bone-Targeted Pyk2 Inhibitor, Effective | Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the leading cause of iatrogenic osteoporosis due to the widespread clinical use of glucocorticoids (GC) as immunosuppressants. Previous research identified the proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2, Pyk2, as a critical mediator of GC-induced bone loss, and that blocking Pyk2 could protect the skeleton from adverse GC actions. However, systemic administration of current Pyk2 inhibitors causes harmful side effects, such as skin lesions. To address this, we developed bone-targeted (BT) Pyk2 inhibitors by conjugating them with bisphosphonates (BP), ensuring adherence to the bone matrix and reducing impact on noncalcified tissues. We synthesized BT-Amide by linking a derivative of TAE-226, a Pyk2 inhibitor, with alendronic acid. Oral administration (gavage) of BT-Amide prevented GC-induced bone loss in mice without causing skin lesions, or elevation of any organ toxicity markers. These findings introduce BT-Amide as the first orally effective bone-targeted Pyk2 inhibitor for preventing GC-induced bone loss while minimizing off-target effects. |
399 | bone cancer | 39,540,049 | A review of recent clinical trials to evaluate disease-modifying therapies in the treatment of cardiac amyloidosis. | Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a serious condition that results in infiltrative cardiomyopathy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) that is caused by the extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils within heart tissue. While many important features of CA have been known for years, its prevalence in elderly patients with HF is increasingly being recognized. Plasma cells produce monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains which results in the formation and aggregation of amyloid fibrils that are responsible for AL amyloidosis. CA is classified as originating from either transthyretin (ATTR) or light chain (AL) amyloidosis. ATTR CA may result from a genetic mutation in the |
Subsets and Splits