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5,134,561 | Comparison between thermography and fluorescein test in the detection of incompetent perforating veins. | Elem B B, Shorey B A BA, Williams K L KL | British medical journal . Vol. 4, No. 5788, 1971 Dec 11 | Incompetent perforating veins of the legs were located by dynamic thermography at 69 sites and by the fluorescein test at 31. All the sites were explored by multiple local incisions. Incompetence of the veins was determined by demonstrating retrograde blood flow through these veins when severed. Explorations of these sites showed that thermography detected 94% and gave false-positive results in 6%, while the fluorescein test detected 16% and contributed 84% false-positive results. These findings show a highly significant difference (P <0.0005) in favour of the thermographic technique. Detection of 16% of incompetent perforating veins by the fluorescein test is statistically insignificant. This inaccuracy is thought to be due to inadequate dermal penetration of the ultraviolet rays. A positive fluorescein test probably indicates the presence of incompetent perforating veins but has little anatomical relationship to their actual site. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5134561/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 5134561 |
5,135,250 | Clinical trial of mefruside, a new diuretic. | Auld W H WH, Murdoch W R WR | British medical journal . Vol. 4, No. 5790, 1971 Dec 25 | A controlled clinical trial of a new diuretic-mefruside-is reported, in which it was compared with frusemide in 15 normal subjects and 15 patients with fluid retention. It was found to be an effective diuretic which, in the patients, produced a significantly greater excretion of water and electrolytes than an equal dose of frusemide. Its smooth prolonged action, maximal in the first 12 hours, made it of particular value for maintenance therapy. In a short-term trial on a further 15 hypertensive patients mefruside was shown to have a useful hypotensive action. The drug was well tolerated with minimal side effects. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5135250/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 5135250 |
5,531,862 | The effect of ethyl alcohol and chlorpromazine on the response of the hand blood vessels to cold. | Downey J A JA, Frewin D B DB | British journal of pharmacology . Vol. 40, No. 3, 1970 Nov | 1. The response of hand blood flow to a measured cold stimulus was determined using venous occlusion plethysmography in normal subjects, before and after orally administered alcohol, and in patients on chlorpromazine therapy.2. The average resting hand blood flow of the patients taking chlorpromazine, as well as the constriction of these blood vessels to cold, was the same as in the normal subjects.3. Oral alcohol caused a rise in resting hand blood flow in the normal subjects and also modified the response of the hand blood vessels to cooling.4. A patient with a completely denervated hand was also studied. Oral alcohol did not increase the blood flow through the part, but it modified the hand vascular response to cold.5. These results suggest a diminished reactivity of the hand blood vessels to cold in the presence of alcohol. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5531862/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 5531862 |
5,539,179 | A within-patient comparison of debrisoquine and methyldopa in hypertension. | Heffernan A A, Carty A A, O'Malley K K, Bugler J J | British medical journal . Vol. 1, No. 5740, 1971 Jan 09 | In a titrated dose cross-over trial of debrisoquine and methyldopa in 38 hypertensive patients neither drug was superior in lowering supine or standing diastolic pressure with a minimum of side effects. Methyldopa caused significantly greater reduction of supine (P<0.001) and standing (P<0.02) systolic pressure but caused intolerable side effects in two patients. Tiredness was the most characteristic and troublesome side effect with methyldopa and postural hypotension was prominent in patients while on debrisoquine. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5539179/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 5539179 |
5,540,117 | Comparison of the effects of chlorpromazine, dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate on the behaviour and intellectual functioning of hyperactive children. | Weiss G G, Minde K K, Douglas V V, Werry J J, Sykes D D | Canadian Medical Association journal . Vol. 104, No. 1, 1971 Jan 09 | Chlorpromazine, dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate were significantly superior to placebo in producing overall improvement in the behaviour of hyperactive children. Chlorpromazine was effective for the majority of the children, but reduced only hyperactivity, having no demonstrable effect on distractibility, aggressivity or excitability. Both stimulants produced more goal-oriented behaviour and reduced distractibility. Methylphenidate was the most effective of the drugs in prpducing exceptional improvement. All three active drugs had to be discontinued in a few of the children because of side effects. Not all hyperactive children were benefited by the drugs.No background variables (with the exception of mother-child relationship) were found in the present studies to predict favourable response to the drugs.Methylphenidate became our drug of choice for this group of hyperactive children. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5540117/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 5540117 |
5,543,994 | Myocardial infarction and deep-vein thrombosis. | Nicolaides A N AN, Kakkar V V VV, Renney J T JT, Kidner P H PH, Hutchison D C DC, Clarke M B MB | British medical journal . Vol. 1, No. 5746, 1971 Feb 20 | In a study of 52 patients admitted into the coronary intensive care unit the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis was measured with the (125)I-fibrinogen test. Of these patients 31 were eventually confirmed to be suffering from acute myocardial infarction. This preliminary study showed that in patients with a confirmed infarct who were not treated with anticoagulants the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis was 38% and in those treated it was 5.5%. In patients who were "severely ill" from whatever the cause there was a high incidence of deep-vein thrombosis (68%). | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5543994/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 5543994 |
5,338,884 | A clinical trial of four hypnotic drugs. | le Riche W H WH, Csima A A, Dobson M M | Canadian Medical Association journal . Vol. 95, No. 7, 1966 Aug 13 | A CLINICAL TRIAL OF FOUR HYPNOTIC DRUGS WAS CARRIED OUT: Ro 4-5360, 10 mg. (Mogadon), methyprylon, 200 mg. (Noludar), Ro 4-5360, 5 mg. (Mogadon), secobarbital sodium, 100 mg. (Seconal), and a placebo. The study was on the usual double-blind basis, and all observations were made by a full-time nurse. Capsules were given at 10 p.m. for five successive nights, with two nights free from medication or observation. There were five such periods. The nurse carried out her observations right through the night, determining whether the patients were awake or asleep. Each of these drugs was statistically significantly different from the placebo, in terms of length of sleep. Differences between the individual drugs were not significant. The length of action of the various drugs appeared to be similar, with a somewhat longer period of activity for the Mogadon in both dosages. The major side effect was some drowsiness: this was more marked with Mogadon 10 mg. With the hypnotics, the patients had, on the average, about one hour more sleep than on the placebo. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5338884/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 5338884 |
5,341,676 | Oxyphenbutazone (tandearil) in rhinoplasty. A clinical evaluation of effectiveness. | Bailey B J BJ, Nahum A M AM | California medicine . Vol. 105, No. 4, 1966 Oct | To evaluate the effectiveness of Oxyphenbutazone as an anti-inflammatory agent, a double-blind study of Oxyphenbutazone and a placebo in a group of 42 patients who had nasal cosmetic operations involving osteotomy was carried out. The observations included direct objective measurement of the width of the palpebral fissure after operation, grading of the severity of postoperative edema and ecchymosis from photographs, and observations by the patients regarding the clearing of the postoperative discoloration. It appeared from the results of these observations that Oxyphenbutazone is not effective in preventing postoperative edema in such operations or in promoting more rapid resolution of postoperative edema. It did appear to enhance the clearing of postoperative periorbital ecchymosis. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5341676/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 5341676 |
5,343,357 | The metabolism of orally administered L-Dopa in Parkinsonism. | Calne D B DB, Karoum F F, Ruthven C R CR, Sandler M M | British journal of pharmacology . Vol. 37, No. 1, 1969 Sep | 1. Gas-liquid chromatographic methods were used to measure urinary acidic and alcoholic metabolites of L-DOPA, which had been administered in high oral dosage to patients with postencephalitic and idiopathic Parkinsonism.2. The output of these compounds was normal before treatment. During drug therapy, large quantities of the dopamine metabolites, homovanillic acid and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, were excreted but traces only of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethanol. Noradrenaline metabolites showed little change in output other than a small increase in 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid.3. Information was obtained about a number of minor routes of degradation which might be implicated in the therapeutic action of L-DOPA. A raised output of m-hydroxyphenylacetic acid pointed to p-dehydroxylation of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid by gut flora. Evidence of transamination as a minor metabolic pathway was obtained by finding appreciable urinary levels of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyllactic acid. A keto-acid precursor of this compound may act as competitive inhibitor of an enzyme active in the normal degradation route of tyrosine, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid oxidase, for increased amounts of p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, the major metabolic derivative of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, accumulated in the urine during DOPA treatment. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5343357/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 5343357 |
5,345,935 | Earlier diagnosis and survival in lung cancer. | Brett G Z GZ | British medical journal . Vol. 4, No. 5678, 1969 Nov 01 | In a controlled investigation the survival prospects of lung cancer in a population of men aged 40 and over who had been offered six-monthly chest radiographs over a period of three years were compared with lung cancer in a similar population without such x-ray facilities. The five-year survival rate of lung cancer in the study series was 15%, and in cases discovered by six-monthly examination 23%, compared with 6% in the control series. The average expectation of life after diagnosis was 2.5 years for the test cases and 1.2 for the control cases. Survival declined with age. Of resected lung cancer, 32% survived five years in the test series and 23% in the control series. The five-year survival rate for squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in the test series was 28% and 25% respectively, compared with 15% and nil in the control series.On the basis of these results it is concluded that through earlier radiological detection a modest improvement in the prognosis of lung cancer can be achieved. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5345935/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 5345935 |
5,350,103 | Gastric acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer treated for one year with anticholinergic drugs. | Kaye M D MD, Beck P P, Rhodes J J, Sweetnam P M PM | Gut . Vol. 10, No. 10, 1969 Oct | Ninety patients with duodenal ulcer, divided randomly into three groups, were treated continuously for one year with either glycopyrronium, 1-hyoscyamine (as a sustained-release preparation) or inert tablets. Dosage with active tablets was so adjusted that the patient experienced definite but tolerable side-effects. Basal and maximal gastric acid secretion were measured immediately before and one week after cessation of treatment. There was no significant change in the means of these measurements in patients who received placebo or 1-hyoscyamine. In those given glycopyrronium, mean basal output was significantly increased. Mean maximal acid output in this group fell, but not significantly.Individual measurements of maximal acid output showed quite marked fluctuations in all groups. It is concluded that spontaneous changes in parietal cell mass may occur in patients with duodenal ulcer, and that prolonged anticholinergic therapy does not reduce parietal cell mass. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5350103/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 5350103 |
5,354,851 | Absorption of therapeutic preparations of iron measured with a whole body counter. | Callender S T ST, Warner G T GT | British medical journal . Vol. 4, No. 5682, 1969 Nov 29 | The Oxford Whole Body Counter was used to measure absorption from various therapeutic preparations of iron in five groups of subjects. Succinic acid enhanced absorption of iron when added to a solution of ferrous fumarate, but not when given with tablets of ferrous fumarate or ferrous sulphate. Ferrous fumarate plus ascorbic acid was absorbed better than ferrous fumarate alone but no better than ferrous sulphate. The addition of ascorbic acid and succinic acid to tablets of ferrous sulphate did not enhance absorption significantly. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5354851/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 5354851 |
5,354,874 | Renal excretion of calcium and sodium in acute nephritis. | Wilson R J RJ | British medical journal . Vol. 4, No. 5685, 1969 Dec 20 | Hypocalciuria was found in the early stages of illness in six patients aged 12 to 30 with acute nephritis. The hypocalciuria does not appear to be due to hypocalcaemia, lowered glomerular filtration rate, or hypoparathyroidism. It is suggested that the hypocalciuria is due in part to decreased intestinal absorption of calcium, though possibly there is also a primary alteration in renal tubular handling of calcium. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5354874/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 5354874 |
5,354,877 | Effect on airways resistance of prostaglandin E1 given by aerosol to healthy and asthmatic volunteers. | Cuthbert M F MF | British medical journal . Vol. 4, No. 5685, 1969 Dec 20 | The forced expiratory volume in one second (F.E.V.(1)) was measured in healthy and asthmatic volunteers and the inhalation of prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) was compared with that of isoprenaline, using metered aerosols.In healthy volunteers PGE(1), either as the free acid or the neutral triethanolamine salt, did not affect the F.E.V.(1); the free acid was irritant to the upper respiratory tract. In five out of six asthmatic volunteers with reversible airways obstruction, inhalation of 55 mug of PGE(1) (triethanolamine salt) produced an increase in F.E.V.(1) comparable in both degree and duration to that produced by an inhalation of 550 mug. of isoprenaline sulphate.Though the triethanolamine salt was well tolerated in most of the asthmatic subjects studied, in one asthmatic subject this preparation caused coughing and there was a progressive reduction in the F.E.V.(1) associated with bronchospasm. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5354877/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 5354877 |
5,356,547 | Effect of drugs on urate binding to plasma proteins. | Bluestone R R, Kippen I I, Klinenberg J R JR | British medical journal . Vol. 4, No. 5683, 1969 Dec 06 | The effect of various drugs on urate binding to plasma proteins was investigated in normal subjects. Whereas allopurinol, aspirin, phenylbutazone, probenecid, and sulphinpyrazone all significantly reduced plasma urate concentrations, only aspirin, phenylbutazone, and probenecid significantly impaired urate binding. Colchicine and indomethacin in the doses administered had no significant effect on plasma urate concentrations or binding. In the case of aspirin, urate binding was reduced to 25% of normal, and this effect was quickly abolished after cessation of therapy. Phenylbutazone reduced urate binding to 56% and probenecid to 46% of normal; this impairment was still detected four days after cessation of therapy. Drugs may impair urate binding by competition for plasma protein binding sites, with displacement of bound urate. Impairment of urate binding in vivo by administration of certain drugs may be relevant to the precipitation of acute gouty arthritis, to the formation of gouty tophi, and to the augmentation of uricosuria. Furthermore, the role of drugs must be seriously considered during all studies on urate binding in patients with gout. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5356547/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 5356547 |
5,356,549 | Proteins and insulin release: a dual role of amino-acids and intestinal hormones. | Jarrett R J RJ, Graver H J HJ, Cohen N M NM | British medical journal . Vol. 4, No. 5683, 1969 Dec 06 | In two subjects concurrent infusion of amino-acids and the hormones secretin and pancreozymin provoked much higher plasma insulin levels than did administration of amino-acids or hormones individually. It is suggested that this may be a physiological phenomenon, augmenting the release of insulin from the pancreas after a meal containing protein. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5356549/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 5356549 |
3,954,392 | Intralesional recombinant alpha-2 interferon for the treatment of patients with condyloma acuminatum or verruca plantaris. | Vance J C JC, Bart B J BJ, Hansen R C RC, Reichman R C RC, McEwen C C, Hatch K D KD, Berman B B, Tanner D J DJ | Archives of dermatology . Vol. 122, No. 3, 1986 Mar | We conducted a multicenter double-blind study comparing human recombinant intralesional alpha-2 interferon (IFN) and placebo in 237 patients with the clinical diagnosis of condyloma acuminatum or verruca plantaris. A single wart on each patient was injected with 0.1 mL containing 10(6) IU of IFN, 10(5) IU of IFN, or placebo three times weekly for three weeks, and the response to treatment was followed up for 12 weeks. Among 91 of the 114 patients with condyloma acuminatum who completed the study, complete clearing of the treated wart occurred in 16 (53%) of 30 patients receiving 10(6) IU of IFN compared with six (19%) of 32 receiving 10(5) IU of IFN and four (14%) of 29 receiving placebo. In the group of 100 patients with plantar warts, there was no apparent benefit associated with interferon administration. Seven patients (3%) had treatment discontinued due to adverse reactions. Intralesional alpha-2 IFN is of benefit in the treatment of a single condyloma; its role in the treatment of multiple lesions remains to be clarified. Its role in the treatment of verruca plantaris, where no response was seen, also remains to be clarified. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3954392/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3954392 |
3,954,551 | Signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal. | Hughes J R JR, Hatsukami D D | Archives of general psychiatry . Vol. 43, No. 3, 1986 Mar | To test the validity, magnitude, and clinical significance of the signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal defined by DSM-III, both observed and reported signs and symptoms were measured in 50 smokers during two days of ad lib smoking and then during the first four days of abstinence. Observer and subject ratings of the DSM-III symptoms of craving for tobacco, irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and restlessness increased after cessation. In addition, bradycardia, impatience, somatic complaints, insomnia, increased hunger, and increased eating occurred after cessation. The frequency and intensity of these symptoms varied across subjects; however, the average distress from tobacco withdrawal was similar to that observed in psychiatric outpatients. Subjects who had more withdrawal discomfort were more tolerant to the cardiovascular effects of nicotine. Subjects who had more withdrawal discomfort did not have a lower rate of smoking cessation. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3954551/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] | 3954551 |
3,954,590 | Shoulder harness traction for roentgenographic assessment of the cervical spine. | Norris C S CS, Silva W E WE, Dodson T F TF, Darrow J J | Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) . Vol. 121, No. 4, 1986 Apr | We evaluated the clinical usefulness of a new shoulder traction device to facilitate a rapid complete cervical spine examination in an uncooperative patient population with multiple trauma. Forty-eight patients were randomly designated to receive the shoulder traction device or the standard technique (manual traction on the patient's upper extremities). Patient groups were equivalent in mean coma scale scores, trauma scores, age, and incidence of cervical fracture. Male-female ratios differed between groups, yet were biased against the harness technique. Fewer roentgenograms (lateral view) were required to visualize adequately all cervical vertebrae when the harness device was utilized (mean roentgenograms per patient, 1.2 vs 2.6; P less than .01). Shoulder harness traction during roentgenographic evaluation of the cervical spine may be a useful method to promote visibility of the lower cervical vertebrae. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3954590/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3954590 |
3,954,815 | Influence of tasuldine and acetylcysteine on mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic airways obstruction. | Dorow P P, Weiss T T, Felix R R, Köhler M M | Arzneimittel-Forschung . Vol. 36, No. 1, 1986 | In a single-blind intraindividual cross-over comparative study the influence of two systemic-mucolytic agents, 2-(pyridyl-3-methylthio)pyrimidine (tasuldine, HE 10004-succinate) vs. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (acetylcysteine) on the mucociliary clearance and lung function was investigated in 15 patients with chronic obstructive respiratory disease. The overall treatment period was 14 days with the drug being changed after 7 days in each group. Under tasuldine and acetylcysteine treatment a tendency to an improvement of mucociliary clearance was observed compared with the control pointing to an increase in adoral velocity. The direct comparison between both drugs revealed that 120 min after medication mucociliary clearance was stimulated significantly stronger by intake of tasuldine than by acetylcysteine. There was no influence on lung function. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3954815/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 3954815 |
3,954,834 | Alcohol enhances vitamin C excretion in the urine. | Faizallah R R, Morris A I AI, Krasner N N, Walker R J RJ | Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) . Vol. 21, No. 1, 1986 | Urinary ascorbic acid excretion was measured on four consecutive days in 9 normal male volunteers for 4 hr before and after drinking nothing (control), 0.58 g alcohol/kg body wt as whisky or lager or water (11./70 kg body wt). The normal reduction in ascorbic acid excretion under control conditions was abolished by drinking water. Alcohol in either form produced a 47% increase in urinary ascorbic acid excretion. A similar ascorbiuresis in chronic alcoholics would be an additional factor in the causation of vitamin C deficiency in these patients. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3954834/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3954834 |
3,954,918 | Isoflurane and halothane for outpatient dental anaesthesia in children. | Cattermole R W RW, Verghese C C, Blair I J IJ, Jones C J CJ, Flynn P J PJ, Sebel P S PS | British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 58, No. 4, 1986 Apr | A trial was undertaken in children to compare the use of halothane and isoflurane in outpatient dental anaesthesia. A wholly inhalation technique was chosen and nitrous oxide in oxygen was delivered from a Boyle's machine via a coaxial (Bain) breathing system and was supplemented with either halothane or isoflurane. Isoflurane produced significantly fewer arrhythmias than halothane but the induction of anaesthesia took longer and proved more difficult. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3954918/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3954918 |
3,954,920 | Comparison of the incidence and nature of cardiac arrhythmias occurring during isoflurane or halothane anaesthesia. Studies during dental surgery. | Rodrigo M R MR, Moles T M TM, Lee P K PK | British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 58, No. 4, 1986 Apr | Seventy-six Chinese patients aged between 15 and 30 yr, undergoing 3rd molar extraction, were randomly allocated to two groups. One group received halothane and the other isoflurane. The incidence of arrhythmia during surgery under anaesthesia with isoflurane was significantly less than with halothane. Sinus tachycardia was a significant feature under anaesthesia with isoflurane. Under anaesthesia with halothane, the arrhythmias occurring most frequently during surgery were ventricular ectopics, the commonest being ventricular bigeminy. The frequency and nature of arrhythmias during surgery on right and left sides were similar. In three patients a slight decrease in arterial pressure was recorded in association with the arrhythmia, but on stopping the stimulus, both rhythm and arterial pressure returned to normal. The incidence of arrhythmia with halothane in the Chinese population in this study was significantly higher than that reported previously in non-Chinese patients. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3954920/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3954920 |
3,954,919 | Comparison of isoflurane and halothane in outpatient paediatric dental anaesthesia. | McAteer P M PM, Carter J A JA, Cooper G M GM, Prys-Roberts C C | British journal of anaesthesia . Vol. 58, No. 4, 1986 Apr | Isoflurane was compared with halothane as the sole supplement to anaesthesia with nitrous oxide and oxygen for outpatient dental extractions in 80 children. Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia were satisfactory with both agents, although there was a higher incidence of coughing, salivation and laryngospasm in the group receiving isoflurane. However, in contrast to predictions from the physical properties of isoflurane and halothane, immediate recovery was significantly slower in patients who had received isoflurane. Recovery was complicated by coughing in a significant number of patients in the isoflurane group. The incidence of reported complications during later recovery was similar with both agents, apart from the complaint of non-specific postoperative aches in a significant number of patients to whom isoflurane was administered. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3954919/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3954919 |
3,954,933 | Intra- and inter-individual variation in pharmacokinetics of intravenously infused amoxycillin and ampicillin to elderly volunteers. | Sjövall J J, Alván G G, Huitfeldt B B | British journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 21, No. 2, 1986 Feb | The purpose of this study was to investigate the disposition of two aminopenicillins and their intra- and inter-individual variation in pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy, elderly volunteers. Two groups, each of 12 active, community-dwelling volunteers between 69 and 83 years of age participated. One group was given 500 mg of amoxycillin, the other group 500 mg of ampicillin as single i.v. infusions. Within the drug groups each volunteer was given the infusion at two different occasions separated by a time-period of 1 week. Amoxycillin and ampicillin were determined in plasma and urine by modern column liquid chromatographic methods. The mean plasma clearance was about 200 ml min-1 1.73 m-2 for both drugs and renal clearance accounted for approximately 80% of this. As expected, drug clearance was correlated to renal function as determined by 51Cr-EDTA. The volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss) was about 0.3 l kg-1 for both drugs. Compared to our previous results in younger subjects, plasma and renal clearances were essentially similar in this study, but slightly longer half-lives and higher Vss were seen for amoxycillin and ampicillin. The intra-individual variation, expressed as the error of a single determination (CV), was small, for plasma clearance 3.7% and 6.4% after amoxycillin and ampicillin. The corresponding inter-individual variation in clearance was higher, 14.4% after amoxycillin, and 11.9% after ampicillin. The results confirm a higher relative efficiency of a crossover vs a completely randomized parallel groups design in parenteral studies of these penicillins. In our elderly subjects there was only an approximately 30% decrease in renal function. This was not enough to reduce the drug clearance and offers an explanation for the similarity between our present results in the elderly and our previous results in younger subjects. Elderly volunteers may be different from patients with disease as a confounding factor. Studies on elderly active and community-dwelling volunteers, as in this study, may therefore be more representative as to the effect of age per se on drug kinetics. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3954933/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3954933 |
3,954,937 | Hypnotic activity of an imidazo-pyridine (zolpidem). | Nicholson A N AN, Pascoe P A PA | British journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 21, No. 2, 1986 Feb | Effects of an imidazo-pyridine (zolpidem: 10, 20 and 30 mg) on overnight sleep and on performance the next day were studied in young adults and in middle aged individuals. The young adults were used particularly as an homogenous group to establish any possible adverse effects of the drug on sleep and on performance the next day, and the middle aged subjects with their less restful sleep were used to study efficacy. In the young adults zolpidem led to a marked increase in slow wave sleep with a reduction in stage 2 sleep. There were no significant changes in REM sleep, though there was a tendency for REM sleep to be delayed. In the middle aged there was a reduction in awake activity and drowsy sleep with an increase in stage 2 sleep. The latency to REM sleep was increased but the duration of REM sleep over the whole night was not reduced. Digit symbol substitution and a complex reaction time task were used to study performance, but there were no residual effects with zolpidem (9 h after ingestion). Zolpidem is likely to prove useful in the management of transient and short-term insomnia in healthy middle aged individuals when impaired performance the next day is to be avoided. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3954937/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 3954937 |
3,954,936 | Kinetic and dynamic interaction of brotizolam and ethanol. | Scavone J M JM, Greenblatt D J DJ, Harmatz J S JS, Shader R I RI | British journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 21, No. 2, 1986 Feb | Thirteen healthy male volunteers ingested a single 0.25 mg dose of the thienodiazepine hypnotic, brotizolam, on two occasions: once with a typical social cocktail (containing 60 ml of vodka), and in a second trial with an 'ethanol-placebo' cocktail. Brotizolam kinetics were determined from multiple plasma concentrations measured during the 24 h after dosage. Coadministration of brotizolam with ethanol, as opposed to the placebo cocktail, slightly imparied brotizolam clearance (1.85 vs 2.19 ml min-1 kg-1 P less than 0.005), increased peak plasma concentrations (5.3 vs 4.3 ng ml-1, P less than 0.05), and prolonged elimination half-life (5.2 vs 4.4 h, P less than 0.05). There was evidence of impairment of performance, although not statistically significant, for the first 4-6 h after brotizolam dosage in the reaction time test, the digit-symbol substitution test, and a tracking task. None of these was enhanced by ethanol. In both trials, brotizolam produced significant increases in self-rated perceptions of sedation, fatigue, feeling 'spaced-out', and thinking slowed down. These effects were more intense during the brotizolam-ethanol as compared to brotizolam-placebo. In both trials, recovery was essentially complete by 6-8 h after dosage. Coadministration of brotizolam with ethanol produces a small but significant impairment of brotizolam clearance. Brotizolam produced self-rated perceptions of sedation and fatigue during 4-6 h after dosage, but objective impairment of psychomotor performance was minimal. Subjective perceptions of sedation were enhanced by ethanol coadministration, but the effects on psychomotor performance were not. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3954936/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] | 3954936 |
3,954,967 | Use of leucocyte-poor blood components and HLA-matched-platelet donors to prevent HLA alloimmunization. | Murphy M F MF, Metcalfe P P, Thomas H H, Eve J J, Ord J J, Lister T A TA, Waters A H AH | British journal of haematology . Vol. 62, No. 3, 1986 Mar | Recent studies have shown that the incidence of alloimmunization due to repeated platelet transfusions from random donors may be reduced by the use of leucocyte-poor blood components. These results were confirmed by this study, where 16% of patients with acute leukaemia undergoing initial chemotherapy and receiving leucocyte-poor blood components developed lymphocytotoxic antibodies, compared with 48% of patients in a control group receiving standard (non-leucocyte-depleted) blood components. In a third group, who received leucocyte-poor blood components and HLA-matched platelets, none of the patients developed lymphocytotoxic antibodies. There was a low incidence of platelet-specific antibodies (8%) but no difference between the three groups. Improved methods of removing leucocytes from blood components appear to offer the best approach for minimizing HLA alloimmunization, as the provision of HLA-matched platelet donors for prophylactic platelet support of all patients is not feasible. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3954967/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3954967 |
3,955,198 | Evaluation of two new megestrol acetate tablet formulations in humans. | Gaver R C RC, Pittman K A KA, Reilly C M CM, Goodson P J PJ, Breault G O GO, Fenzl E E | Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition . Vol. 7, No. 1 | The bioequivalence of two new investigational 160 mg tablets, one containing the regular form and the other a micronized form of megestrol acetate, was determined relative to a commercially available 40 mg tablet (Megace). The tablets were administered to 24 male subjects in a three-way cross-over study, balanced for sequence, with a week between administrations. The 40 mg tablets were administered q.i.d. at 08.00, 12.00, 18.00 and 22.00 h, while the 160 mg tablets were administered once at 08.00 h. Plasma samples were collected at appropriate times out to 96 h after administration and were analysed for megestrol acetate with a validated high performance liquid chromatographic procedure. Based on the times to maximum plasma concentrations (2.5 to 2.8 h), the absorption rate constant was the same for each of the tablets. Relative to the 40 mg q.i.d. dose, the 160 mg regular and the 160 mg micronized tablets had mean relative bioavailabilities of 97 per cent and 118 per cent, respectively. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3955198/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3955198 |
3,955,199 | The pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous prenalterol in young, healthy volunteers. | Clarke A F AF, Jack D B DB, Kendall M J MJ, Smith S R SR | Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition . Vol. 7, No. 1 | The pharmacokinetics of prenalterol in healthy young volunteers after i.v. and oral dosing has been studied. There is evidence of non-linearity following the i.v. dosing. Evidence of dose-dependent pharmacokinetics following i.v. dosing has been obtained. The sustained-release formulation is very effective: almost 12 h were needed to achieve 50 per cent of the total AUC. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3955199/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3955199 |
3,955,441 | Check ligaments: surgical effects in infantile esotropia. | Noel L P LP, Clarke W N WN | Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie . Vol. 21, No. 1, 1986 Feb | In a prospective randomized study, we compared the results of surgical treatment of 25 patients with infantile esotropia, using bilateral medial rectus muscle recession of a graded amount without severing the check ligaments, to results obtained with a similar group of 23 patients in whom check ligaments were severed at the time of bimedial surgery. No significant difference could be found in the immediate postoperative and 6-month postoperative ocular alignment of the two groups. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3955441/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3955441 |
3,955,536 | Beta-carotene levels in exfoliated human mucosa cells following its oral administration. | Stich H F HF, Hornby A P AP, Dunn B P BP | Cancer letters . Vol. 30, No. 2, 1986 Feb | Beta-carotene levels of exfoliated oral mucosa cells can be increased severalfold by the oral administration of this provitamin. Beta-carotene was estimated by HPLC analysis in pronase-treated exfoliated cells obtained by brushing the entire oral mucosa with a toothbrush. A small percentage of individuals did not respond with an increase of beta-carotene in their mucosa cell in spite of a relatively large intake of the provitamin (360 mg in 4 days, or 2880 mg in 16 weeks, respectively). Levels of beta-carotene in the mucosa cells are affected by the concurrent administration of vitamin A: 0.27 ng beta-carotene per 10(6) cells in the placebo group, 1.79 ng following the intake of beta-carotene (180 mg/week for 16 weeks), and 4.29 ng after beta-carotene (180 mg/week for 16 weeks) plus vitamin A (100,000 IU/week for 16 weeks) consumption. The considerable variations in tissue levels of beta-carotene following its oral administration must be taken into account when cancer intervention trials using this agent are designed and evaluated. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3955536/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3955536 |
3,955,779 | Comparative clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in treating lower respiratory tract infections. | Abbate G F GF, Alagia I I, Giaquinto E E, Leonessa V V, Caputi M M, Guarino C C, Micillo E E, Catena E E, Altucci P P | Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy . Vol. 5, No. 1, 1986 Feb | To evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy and safety of ceftriaxone in comparison with cefotaxime in treating acute lower respiratory tract infections two open randomized trials were performed. Sixty-two adult hospital in-patients were entered and 58 completed the study. The patients suffered from either acute (broncho-)pneumonia (19pts) or severe exacerbation of chronic bronchopneumonia (39 pts). Forty-one of the patients had severe underlying or concurrent diseases. Diagnoses were in all cases confirmed by isolation of the causative pathogen(s) from bronchial brushing or washing under fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Twenty-eight patients were administered at random with either a single 2g daily dose of ceftriaxone or 2g twice daily dose of cefotaxime (1st trial). Successively (2nd trial) ceftriaxone was administered at a dose of 1g once daily either i.v. or i.m. The duration of treatment ranged from 7 to 12 days. A satisfactory response was observed in all patients suffering from acute pneumonia or bronchopneumonia; the eradication rate of the causative pathogen was 73% and 62% for ceftriaxone and cefotaxime, respectively. Concerning the exacerbation of chronic bronchopneumonia (39 patients) an overall satisfactory response to both treatments was registered in about 80% of cases. No significant differences between the 1g and 2g single daily dosing regimens of ceftriaxone appeared. Both ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were well tolerated: no or minimal changes in laboratory values were noticed. It is concluded that a 1g or 2g single daily dose of ceftriaxone were at least as effective as a 2g twice daily dose of cefotaxime in treating acute lower respiratory tract infections due to susceptible pathogens. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3955779/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3955779 |
3,956,052 | Comparison of four beta-blockers as assessed by 24-hour ECG recording. | Escoubet B B, Leclercq J F JF, Maison-Blanche P P, Poirier J M JM, Gourmel B B, Delhotal-Landes B B, Coumel P P | Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 39, No. 4, 1986 Apr | beta-Blockers are used as if they were equivalent. With ECG recordings in 42 patients we investigated the effect on sinus heart rate of four beta-blockers given at three successive daily doses. Heart rate was dose-dependently decreased by all drugs except acebutolol, the effect of which decreased at a higher dosage. The maximal effects of metoprolol, nadolol, and propranolol were similar but the drugs differed in potency (dosage producing 50% of maximal effect, calculated from the dose-effect relationships; nadolol, 0.3 mg/day; metoprolol, 120 mg/day; propranolol, 47 mg/day). Similar relationships were found with drug plasma concentrations (concentration producing 50% of maximal effect: nadolol, 3.5 ng/ml; metoprolol, 21 ng/ml; propranolol, 36 ng/ml) and with supine or upright heart rates and blood pressures. However, the drugs were not equivalent: In addition to its greater potency, nadolol differed from propranolol and metoprolol in the slope of its dose-response curve. We conclude that beta-blockers can be compared by ECG recordings and that nadolol is different from the other beta-blockers without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956052/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 3956052 |
3,956,056 | Cardiovascular effects of enprofylline and theophylline. | Esquivel M M, Burns R J RJ, Ogilvie R I RI | Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics . Vol. 39, No. 4, 1986 Apr | The cardiovascular effects of enprofylline (with no adenosine receptor antagonism) and of theophylline (with adenosine receptor antagonism) were compared in six normal subjects in a double-blind trial at steady-state concentrations of theophylline (12.5 +/- 1.6 mg/L) and enprofylline (2.7 +/- 0.3 mg/L). The mean (+/- SD) recumbent heart rate (HR) was higher (P less than 0.04) after enprofylline (70 +/- 14 bpm) than after theophylline (58 +/- 13 bpm) or saline solution (57 +/- 10 bpm). Forearm arterial resistance determined by plethysmography was lowered (P less than 0.01) by theophylline (-37% +/- 14%) and enprofylline (-43% +/- 24%) but not by saline solution (-6% +/- 16%). In the semiupright position, the mean arterial pressure was lower (P less than 0.01) after enprofylline (93 +/- 15 mm Hg) than after theophylline (108 +/- 16 mm Hg). The cardiac index (CI) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) determined by radionuclide angiocardiography and the left ventricular end-systolic pressure/volume ratio were not different for any regimen. During maximal exercise, HR was higher (P less than 0.01) after both enprofylline (176 bpm) and theophylline (175 bpm) than after saline solution (161 bpm), but the increases in mean arterial pressure (18% to 32%), CI (153% to 167%), and LVEF (34% to 74%) were similar for all three regimens. Both theophylline and enprofylline lowered forearm arterial resistance without an increase in CI, LVEF, or cardiac inotropy, although enprofylline tended to cause a lower blood pressure and higher HR than did theophylline. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956056/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3956056 |
3,956,105 | The measurement of breathlessness induced in normal subjects: individual differences. | Adams L L, Chronos N N, Lane R R, Guz A A | Clinical science (London, England : 1979) . Vol. 70, No. 2, 1986 Feb | Normal subjects show wide variability in their sensory scaling of breathlessness for equivalent degrees of ventilatory stimulation and behave "characteristically' irrespective of stimulus type. Observed differences are not explained by physical characteristics, ventilatory sensitivity or pattern of breathing although there is a weak association with the degree of physical fitness. Differences are seen when scaling is performed with reference to both rigidly defined extremes of breathlessness (visual analogue scaling) and a subject's own relative changes in the intensity of this sensation (magnitude estimation). These findings may explain the common observation, in patients with respiratory disease, of dyspnoea out of proportion to the pathophysiological state. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956105/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 3956105 |
3,956,107 | Haemodynamic effects of vasopressin in man are related to posture. | Simpson H C HC, Zubillaga J E JE, Collier J G JG, Bennett E D ED, Ang V T VT, Mehta N N, Jenkins J S JS | Clinical science (London, England : 1979) . Vol. 70, No. 2, 1986 Feb | Ten healthy volunteers received intravenous infusions of arginine vasopressin (AVP) at 0.1 m-unit min-1 kg-1 and 5% D-glucose on separate days. AVP caused a small fall in forearm blood flow and small rises in mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance. Cardiac output was unaffected. When subjects were tilted to 50 degrees the fall in forearm blood flow was much greater, mean fall being 44.8% with AVP compared with 18.2% with D-glucose. Cardiac output also fell significantly more with AVP, and diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance rose significantly more on tilting during AVP infusion than with D-glucose. Six of the same volunteers were given sequential infusions of 'low dose' (0.0125 m-unit min-1 kg-1) and 'high dose' (0.3 m-unit min-1 kg-1) AVP on a third occasion. Tilting still produced a mean fall in forearm blood flow of 41.2% during low dose infusion, despite a mean plasma AVP level of only 1.9 pg/ml, which is well within the physiological range. When the AVP concentration was increased 24-fold to the high dose, forearm blood flow fell only a further 8.8%. The low dose infusion was also associated with a marked fall in cardiac output on tilting and a rise in systemic vascular resistance. We conclude that AVP has profound haemodynamic effects in man at physiological concentrations. Although these effects are modest in the supine position, they become marked on tilting, suggesting a possible role for AVP in the postural control of blood pressure. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956107/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3956107 |
3,956,111 | Activation of human muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase with activity and immobilization. | Ward G R GR, MacDougall J D JD, Sutton J R JR, Toews C J CJ, Jones N L NL | Clinical science (London, England : 1979) . Vol. 70, No. 2, 1986 Feb | The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) was measured in samples of triceps muscle obtained in 15 males, before and after immobilization for 5 weeks and 5 months of strength training carried out in random order with cross-over of treatment. Although the total PDH activity was unchanged at 300 nmol min-1 g-1, the proportion in the active form increased after strength training (62 +/- 10.1%) and decreased after immobilization (12 +/- 2.3%) compared with control (36 +/- 3.4%). In six subjects measurements were repeated after 10 min maximal exercise (arm ergometer). The proportion of PDH in the active form increased least after immobilization (to 52 +/- 13.6%), compared with control (95 +/- 11.7%) and post-training (98 +/- 6.6%). After exercise muscle glycogen fell to the greatest extent and lactate rose the least in the post-training state, with opposite findings post-immobilization, suggesting that PDH activation contributes to the control of lactate formation in muscle during heavy exercise, and that the effects of training and immobilization are mediated at least in part through changes in the activation of this regulatory enzyme. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956111/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3956111 |
3,956,116 | A double-blind study on the effect of discontinuation of gold therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | Van der Leeden H H, Dijkmans B A BA, Hermans J J, Cats A A | Clinical rheumatology . Vol. 5, No. 1, 1986 Jan | To assess the benefit of further gold treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who had already received more than 6 g of this metal, 24 such patients were included in a double-blind trial. Besides this "gold group" comprising 11 patients who received gold (Auromyose) in the same dosage schedule as before the study, the trial included a "placebo group" comprising 13 patients who received gold in a suspension diluted 1/100. In either group clinical, laboratory, and radiological data did not differ after 6 and 24 months in relation to the results at entry except for the serum gold concentrations, which were lower in the placebo group. We conclude that discontinuation of the treatment in RA patients who have received more than 6 g gold is not harmful to the patients for at least two years after withdrawal. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956116/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 3956116 |
3,956,211 | Functional equality of coordinating centers in a multicenter clinical trial. Experience of the International Mexiletine and Placebo Antiarrhythmic Coronary Trial (IMPACT). | Alamercery Y Y, Wilkins P P, Karrison T T | Controlled clinical trials . Vol. 7, No. 1, 1986 Mar | The International Mexiletine and Placebo Antiarrhythmic Coronary Trial (IMPACT) included clinical centers in both Europe and North America. The clinics were monitored by two Regional Coordinating Centers: one located in Baltimore, Maryland, for North American clinics; the other in Lyon, France, for European clinics. These coordinating Centers were in turn monitored by an independent Data Audit Center located in Chicago, Illinois. This article describes how computer systems and operational procedures were developed to allow the three IMPACT centers to exchange processed files for a common analysis by the two Regional Coordinating Centers. The problems encountered and the advantages of this organization are described and discussed. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956211/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3956211 |
3,956,275 | Suppression of gastric H2-receptor mediated function in patients with bronchial asthma and ragweed allergy. | Gonzalez H H, Ahmed T T | Chest . Vol. 89, No. 4, 1986 Apr | We have previously demonstrated a depression of airway, vascular, and cutaneous H2-histamine receptor function in sheep with experimental allergic asthma. In the present investigation, we wished to determine if there is a depression of gastric H2-receptor function in subjects with allergic bronchial asthma. In eight normal subjects and seven subjects with allergic bronchial asthma and bronchial reactivity to ragweed antigen, gastric H2-receptor function was assessed by measuring basal and maximal stimulated acid output following pretreatment with a placebo or the H2-antagonist, cimetidine. Maximal stimulated acid output was defined as the peak acid output (PAW mEq/hr) of hydrochloric acid following a subcutaneous injection of histalog (1.5 mg/kg), and selective H2-stimulation as delta PAO = PAOplacebo-PAOcimetidine. While basal acid output was not different between the two groups, mean (+/- SD) PAO was significantly lower in the asthmatic group (14.0 +/- 8.2 mEq/hr) than the normal group (27.9 +/- 9.4 mEq/hr) (p less than 0.01). Mean PAO expressed as percent of predicted maximum was 112 +/- 36 percent in the normal group and 61 +/- 34 percent in the asthmatic group (p less than 0.01). Mean delta PAO was significantly higher in the normal group (17.1 +/- 4.8 mEq/hr) than in the asthmatic group (7.0 +/- 5.3 mEq/hr) (p less than 0.005) indicating suppressed selective H2-receptor stimulation in the latter. We conclude that in subjects with bronchial asthma and marked bronchial hyperreactivity to ragweed antigen, there is a depression of gastric H2-histamine receptor function. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956275/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3956275 |
3,956,454 | A comparison of the toxicity effects of the anticonvulsant eterobarb (antilon, DMMP) and phenobarbital in normal human volunteers. | Smith D B DB, Goldstein S G SG, Roomet A A | Epilepsia . Vol. 27, No. 2 | Renewed corporate interest in the anticonvulsant drug eterobarb justified renewed clinical and experimental interest in this drug. The unique and clinically intriguing feature of eterobarb is that while sharing the anticonvulsant properties of other barbiturates, the hypnotic side effects usually associated with barbiturates appear to be absent in animal studies and greatly reduced in clinical trials. This study was designed to compare the hypnotic effects of eterobarb with those of phenobarbital in healthy normal human volunteers using a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Both clinical and neuropsychological parameters of toxicity were measured, while blood barbiturate levels were monitored to correlate neurobehavioral changes with total barbiturate level. As expected, there is a linear relationship between the degree of toxicity and the barbiturate level, but much higher barbiturate levels were tolerated without toxicity by subjects taking eterobarb. For ethical reasons, subjects were not maintained at high levels of toxicity over the 14-week trial. However, both eterobarb and phenobarbital recipients failed to show significant improved performance on Digits Total, a test of mental flexibility (Digit Symbol Substitution). In addition, phenobarbital recipients showed the only significant decrement of performance on Digits Total, and they failed to improve significantly on Trails-Part A, in which all other groups improved. This study confirms that eterobarb has less hypnotic side effects and less neurotoxicity than does phenobarbital. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956454/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 3956454 |
3,956,521 | Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) of pindolol in patients with sinus node dysfunction. | Viersma J W JW, van den Berg M P MP, van Gilst W H WH, Lie K I KI | European heart journal . Vol. 7, No. 1, 1986 Jan | The effects of pindolol treatment on mean heart rate (MHR) and the number of paced heart beats were investigated in a group of 12 patients, with frequency programmable pacemakers implanted to control symptomatic bradyarrhythmias resulting from sinus node dysfunction. In a randomized double blind cross over experiment the patients were treated with pindolol (5 mg t.i.d.) or with placebo. Before the study the pacemaker was programmed to its lowest frequency in the demand mode. In the pretreatment period and after 2 weeks treatment with either pindolol or placebo a 24-hour ambulatory ECG was recorded. MHR during the night (24.00-8.00) was slightly but significantly increased by pindolol treatment by 6.0% when compared to placebo (P less than 0.05). There was no difference in the daytime MHR during either treatment period. During pindolol treatment the number of paced beats was reduced in 8/12 patients and in 4 of these the reduction exceeded 98%. In 2 patients the number of paced beats increased. The results indicate that in some patients with sinus node dysfunction pindolol can effectively reduce the number of paced beats thereby preserving the atrial contribution to pump function. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956521/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3956521 |
3,956,558 | Extradural and parenteral pethidine as analgesia after total hip replacement: effects and kinetics. A controlled clinical study. | Gustafsson L L LL, Johannisson J J, Garle M M | European journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 29, No. 5, 1986 | Twenty-one patients who had undergone total hip replacement were randomly assigned to one of three groups in order to compare a single dose of 1 mg/kg of pethidine im (I) and 20 mg (II) or 60 mg of extradural pethidine (III) in a double-blind design. The degree of analgesia, the adverse effects, and the kinetics were studied for 18 h. Pain was monitored using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Supplementary doses of oxycodone if required were given no earlier than 0.75 h after pethidine. Plasma concentrations of pethidine were measured with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Hypoalgesia to pin prick test was evaluated. Low pain scores were observed in the extradural groups between 0.25 and 1.5 h after the dose. A significant difference in pain score compared with the im group was found after the higher extradural dose only between 0.5 and 1 h (p less than 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of pain score versus time (0-18 h) was not significantly different between groups. The recorded adverse effects were minor in all three groups. The terminal half-lives and plasma clearances of pethidine, and the time to peak concentration were not different between the groups. Single patients in the extradural groups showed hypoalgesia to pin prick in parallel to the effect. The present study shows that extradural pethidine produces shortlived analgesia, in contrast to the long-lasting effect of morphine found in other studies. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956558/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3956558 |
3,956,820 | Treatment of hyperhidrosis by a battery-operated iontophoretic device. | Hölzle E E, Ruzicka T T | Dermatologica . Vol. 172, No. 1, 1986 | A new iontophoretic device was utilized in the treatment of hyperhidrosis axillaris (5 patients), hyperhidrosis manuum (12 patients) and hyperhidrosis pedum (10 patients). Unilateral treatment was carried out daily for 3 weeks. Degree of sweat inhibition was assessed quantitatively in relation to the untreated control side by means of hygrometry and also estimated by a colorimetric method. In 3 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis and in 2 patients with plantar hyperhidrosis sweating returned to normal levels, thus hyperhidrosis was completely curbed. A moderate reduction of sweat rates was induced in 4 patients on palms and in 3 patients on soles. In the remaining group sweat inhibition was only slight. In treatment of palmo-plantar hyperhidrosis side effects were minimal. Axillary hyperhidrosis was only moderately reduced in some patients. Skin irritation due to iontophoresis posed a problem. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956820/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3956820 |
3,956,833 | Bladder wall mechanics and micturition before and after subtotal and total hysterectomy. | Lalos O O, Bjerle P P | European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology . Vol. 21, No. 3, 1986 Mar | Twenty-two women were assigned at random to subtotal (n = 11) or total (n = 11) hysterectomy. The frequency of micturition was recorded and urodynamic investigation was performed before, and 6 weeks and 6 months after the operation. After hysterectomy the frequency of diurnal micturition decreased and the urethral conductance increased in all patients. After total hysterectomy an increased bladder volume was found. The two operative methods did not differ with respect to pre- and postoperative changes of urinary frequency or urodynamics. The bladder function was not altered by either operation. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956833/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3956833 |
3,956,889 | 24-hour intragastric pH: continuous monitoring or nasogastric aspiration? | Reynolds J R JR, Walt R P RP, Hardcastle J D JD, Clark A G AG, Smart H L HL, Langman M J MJ | Digestion . Vol. 33, No. 4, 1986 | Hourly gastric aspiration has commonly been used to assess the efficacy of antisecretory compounds. We have compared continuous ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring using a radiotelemetry capsule with standard nasogastric aspiration. Eight studies were performed on four male duodenal ulcer patients in remission receiving either placebo or an antisecretory agent. A significant correlation was found between capsule and aspirate pH measurements (r = 0.88, p less than 0.01). Radiotelemetry capsule measurements clearly showed the onset of action of an antisecretory drug, and the buffering effect of food. Radiotelemetric pH monitoring is shown to be as good as gastric sampling in the measurement of 24-hour intragastric acidity, allows continuous measurement of pH during normal activity and can accurately assess the effect of drugs on gastric acidity. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956889/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 3956889 |
3,956,895 | Long-term physical training in female type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients: absence of significant effect on glycaemic control and lipoprotein levels. | Wallberg-Henriksson H H, Gunnarsson R R, Rössner S S, Wahren J J | Diabetologia . Vol. 29, No. 1, 1986 Jan | No objective evidence has been presented to support the beneficial effect of physical training on glycaemic control in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients trained two to three times a week for several months. In the present study we examined the possibility that a daily exercise programme would be more suitable for improving glycaemic control. Thirteen patients completed a 5-month study; 6 were randomized to exercise training (20 min daily bicycle exercise) and 7 served as non-exercising controls. The training resulted in an 8% increase in maximal oxygen uptake (p less than 0.05). No change in glycaemic control occurred during the study period in either group. In addition, serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were followed. Total cholesterol decreased during the study period irrespective of training. No effect was noted on the levels of LDL, VLDL, HDL and HDL2 cholesterol. A significant training effect was obtained in the HDL3 subfraction (-10%, p less than 0.05). Total triglycerides were unchanged, but a decrease in the level of LDL triglycerides was observed with training (-12%, p less than 0.01). It is concluded that, in female Type 1 diabetic patients, daily physical training for several months does not improve glycaemic control and results only in minor changes in serum lipoprotein profiles. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956895/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3956895 |
3,956,939 | Bile reflux is increased in cigarette smokers. | Müller-Lissner S A SA | Gastroenterology . Vol. 90, No. 5 Pt 1, 1986 May | The effect of cigarette smoking on gastric emptying, gastric secretion, and bile salt reflux was measured in 19 healthy habitual cigarette smokers (greater than or equal to 20 cigarettes per day) and 18 nonsmokers. They were studied both in the fasting state and after being fed a mixed liquid meal. Ten of the smokers were studied twice, when smoking and when not, in randomized order. Smokers had lower basal gastric secretion rates than nonsmokers irrespective of actually smoking or not. In smokers, bile salt reflux and postprandial gastric bile salt concentration were higher than in nonsmokers even when not actually smoking (p less than 0.01). Smoking during the experiment slowed gastric emptying, and increased bile salt reflux rate and gastric bile salt concentration (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that cigarette smoking has both chronic and acute effects on gastric function, and that bile salt reflux may contribute to the increased incidence, and lower healing rate, of gastric ulcers in smokers. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956939/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3956939 |
3,956,940 | Effects of cisapride on jejunal motor activity in fasting healthy humans. | Stacher G G, Steinringer H H, Schneider C C, Winklehner S S, Mittelbach G G, Gaupmann G G | Gastroenterology . Vol. 90, No. 5 Pt 1, 1986 May | The effects of cisapride on jejunal interdigestive motor activity were studied in 12 healthy men participating in three experiments each. Five minutes after an activity front (phase III) they received, in random double-blind fashion, 10 mg of cisapride, 4 mg of cisapride, or saline placebo by intravenous injection. Motor activity was recorded for 4 h. A pneumohydraulic perfusion system and five catheters with orifices positioned 10-30 cm beyond the ligament of Treitz were used. Cisapride increased phase II-type activity (p less than 0.001) and reduced the number of activity fronts dose-dependently. Compared with phase II after placebo, the activity prevailing after cisapride was characterized by a significantly higher number and amplitude of contractions as well as by a significantly greater area under the pressure curve. Moreover, a significantly higher proportion of contractions was propagated aborally. Self-rated abdominal grumbling increased dose-dependently. Except for mild sedative effects, no side effects occurred. We conclude that cisapride induces a prolonged and highly propagative phase II-like jejunal motor activity in fasting humans. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3956940/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3956940 |
3,957,482 | Downgrading of biochemical and cardiovascular responses to an intravenous infusion of terbutaline following chronic treatment with oral terbutaline. | Smith S R SR, Kendall M J MJ | International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology . Vol. 24, No. 1, 1986 Jan | Beta 2-agonists are known to cause a range of unwanted biochemical and cardiovascular responses. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic exposure to beta 2-stimulation on the magnitude of these responses produced by an acute challenge with a beta 2-agonist. In this single blind placebo controlled study in six healthy male volunteers, we have compared the effects of chronic dosing with either oral terbutaline (5 mg three times daily for two weeks) or placebo on a number of these responses produced by an intravenous infusion of terbutaline (6 micrograms per kilogram over 1 hour). The infusion was given twenty-four hours after the last dose of oral terbutaline or placebo. The rise in pulse rate, systolic blood pressure and plasma glucose and the fall in serum potassium during terbutaline infusion, although still demonstrable, were significantly reduced following treatment with oral terbutaline compared to placebo. This suggests downgrading of beta-receptor function after chronic beta 2-stimulation. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3957482/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 3957482 |
3,957,487 | Assessment of bio(in)equivalence of deriphyllin-digoxin in human volunteers. | Bansinath M M, Ghosh S S SS, Shafiqa A A, Shukla V K VK, Chopra K S KS, Mathur V S VS | International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology . Vol. 24, No. 1, 1986 Jan | Bioavailability of digoxin from the formulations of a fixed dose combination of the glycoside with xanthines was compared with that of "Lanoxin". The in vitro analysis of the fixed dose "Deriphyllin-Digoxin" tablets showed that these tablets had low dissolution even at the end of four hours. The in vivo study had a randomized cross-over design with a 14 days wash-out period. The formulations were administered to 14 healthy adult volunteers and periodic blood samples were collected up to 24 hours. The samples were analyzed for digoxin concentration using radioimmunoassay. Results indicate poor and delayed absorption of digoxin from the fixed dose combination. It is concluded that a multiple dose study with pharmacodynamic assessment, in patients or in volunteers, would be adequate to critically reassess the need for the marketed fixed dose combination. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3957487/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3957487 |
3,957,502 | Effectiveness of flunarizine in altering electronystagmographic patterns in migraine patients: a preliminary report. | Pini L A LA, Ferrari A A, Guidetti G G, Galetti G G, Barbieri L L, Sternieri E E | International journal of clinical pharmacology research . Vol. 6, No. 1, 1986 | In this double-blind study versus placebo, the anti-migraine efficacy of flunarizine 20 mg/per os/day for 14 days, followed by 10 mg/per os/day up to 120 days has been evaluated in 30 patients suffering from common and classical migraine. During the trial the vestibular function (slow phase velocity (SPV) and number of spikes) was also studied. To date 18 patients have completed the study. The results show a significant difference before and after the treatment with flunarizine, while no difference was observed in the placebo group, with regard to headache unit indices. Flunarizine seems to increase SPV max, which is reduced between attacks in migraine patients; the number of spikes does not change significantly. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3957502/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3957502 |
3,957,518 | Mechanical efficiency of pure positive and pure negative work with special reference to the work intensity. | Aura O O, Komi P V PV | International journal of sports medicine . Vol. 7, No. 1, 1986 Feb | The mechanical efficiencies of pure positive (eta) and pure negative (eta-) work were investigated on a special "sledge ergometer" with 25 and 36 subjects, respectively. The work intensities varied in positive work between 40% and 90% and in negative work from 30% to 120% of the maximum concentric exercise. In 54 exercises of positive work, eta was 17.1% +/- 2.2%, and its value correlated negatively with the work intensity (r = 0.367, P less than 0.01) and with the average knee angular velocity, omega+ (r = 0.359, P less than 0.01). In 103 eccentric exercises, eta- was on the average 80.2% +/- 31.8%, correlating positively with the work intensity (r = 0.396, P less than 0.01). Both inter- and intrasubject variations were large (32%-163%). The integrated electrical activity (IEMG) of the leg extensor muscles increased with an increase of work intensity both in the positive and in the negative work situations. Less efficient MU recruitment in higher positive work rates is suggested to be the reason for the decrease in eta, whereas better stiffness regulation via increased preactivation is speculated to cause high values of eta- in higher work intensities in eccentric exercise. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3957518/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 3957518 |
3,957,541 | An analysis of the mortality effect in a breast cancer screening study. | Aron J L JL, Prorok P C PC | International journal of epidemiology . Vol. 15, No. 1, 1986 Mar | In order to better understand the effect of breast cancer screening on mortality, we use the theory of competing risks to analyse deaths from the long-term follow-up of the HIP breast cancer screening trial. We conclude that some, but not all, of the breast cancer cases detected early as a result of screening realized a benefit in terms of elimination of the risk of breast cancer mortality. Breast cancer screening appears not to affect the rate of mortality from causes of death other than breast cancer. Methodologically, we demonstrate the importance of analysing mortality separately for the breast cancer cases as well as for the entire population in a trial. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3957541/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3957541 |
3,957,683 | Skills methods to prevent smoking. | Schinke S P SP, Gilchrist L D LD, Schilling R F RF, Snow W H WH, Bobo J K JK | Health education quarterly . Vol. 13, No. 1, 1986 | School health educators have devoted much attention to cigarette smoking. Recent years have seen the testing of interventions to prevent smoking. To date, controlled studies have not evaluated the added value of skills methods for preventing smoking. This article describes such an evaluation with sixth-grade students from two schools. Subjects were pretested and randomly assigned to receive conventional health education methods or to receive skills intervention. Both conditions included films, peer testimonials, discussions, and homework. Health education condition subjects additionally participated in oral quizzes, games, and debates. Skills condition subjects additionally learned problem-solving, self-instruction, and interpersonal communication methods. At postintervention, skills condition subjects, more than health education condition subjects, had better scores on measures of smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, and intentions. In addition, reported cigarette use, validated by biochemical data collection, was lower in the skills condition than in the health education condition at all postintervention measurements, including a 24-month follow-up. The article discusses the strengths, limits, and implications of the study for other smoking prevention efforts in schools. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3957683/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] | 3957683 |
3,957,686 | Computerized health education: a comparison with traditional formats. | Deardorff W W WW | Health education quarterly . Vol. 13, No. 1, 1986 | The present study compared a computerized health education format to face-to-face and written methods. The effects of delivery method on the retention of health information and on participant evaluation of the condition were assessed. College student participants (N = 200) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (computerized, face-to-face, written, or control) such that each condition contained 25 males and 25 females. The experimental groups reviewed a lengthy text on sexually transmitted diseases (STD) whereas the control group received no information. Participants were then assessed for self-report anxiety, appraisement of the experience, and recall of the text. Results showed participants in the computer and written conditions freely recalled at an equivalent rate which was superior to the face-to-face format. No differences emerged between high and low computer experience subgroups of the computer condition. The face-to-face and computer conditions were assessed in positive terms with the written format being assessed more negatively. Although, detailed analysis revealed there was the potential for more negative perception of the computer method in association with increased anxiety. Results are discussed in terms of their demonstrating support for a computerized approach to health education. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3957686/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3957686 |
3,957,710 | Investigation of vitamin A nutrition in pregnant British Asians and their infants. | Howells D W DW, Haste F F, Rosenberg D D, Brown I R IR, Brooke O G OG | Human nutrition. Clinical nutrition . Vol. 40, No. 1, 1986 Jan | Plasma retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations were lower in 23 South London Asian women of Indo-Pakistani origin than in 21 non-Asian controls during pregnancy (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05 respectively). Cord blood concentrations of retinol and RBP were the same in Asians and non-Asians. Plasma retinol concentration decreased with increasing gestation (P less than 0.01), but RBP concentration did not alter. Retinyl palmitate, 8000 i.u. daily from 30 weeks gestation to term, was given to a group of 14 Asian mothers with low plasma retinol concentrations. This caused a significant increase in maternal plasma retinol concentration at delivery compared with 15 controls, indicating possible deficiency, but did not affect cord blood concentrations. There was no difference in anthropometric measurements of the infants of control or supplemented mothers, nor was there a correlation between the anthropometric measurements and the plasma retinol or RBP concentrations. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3957710/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3957710 |
3,957,880 | Atropine and glycopyrrolate as ECT preanesthesia. | Kramer B A BA, Allen R E RE, Friedman B B | The Journal of clinical psychiatry . Vol. 47, No. 4, 1986 Apr | Twenty-four patients receiving ECT were systematically studied to compare the effects of two dosages of atropine and two dosages of glycopyrrolate as preanesthetic agents. Glycopyrrolate resulted in more cardiac arrhythmias, nausea and vomiting, and episodes of bradycardia than atropine (p = .4). More patients receiving atropine showed post-ECT confusion, but the clinical impact of this was minimal. Atropine appears to be preferable to glycopyrrolate for use in ECT preanesthesia. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3957880/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3957880 |
3,958,225 | Enhanced bioavailability of triazolam following sublingual versus oral administration. | Scavone J M JM, Greenblatt D J DJ, Friedman H H, Shader R I RI | Journal of clinical pharmacology . Vol. 26, No. 3, 1986 Mar | The rate and extent of the absorption of triazolam following sublingual and oral administration were evaluated in this study. Eight healthy volunteers received triazolam 0.5 mg in a commercially available tablet, by sublingual and oral routes on two occasions in random sequence. Plasma triazolam concentrations during 24 hours after each dose were measured by electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography. The mean total area under the curve for sublingual administration was significantly larger than that following oral dosage (28.9 vs 22.6 ng-hr/mL, P less than .025). The peak plasma concentration after sublingual dosage was also higher than after oral administration (4.7 vs 3.9 ng/mL, P less than .1). No significant differences between sublingual and oral administration were found for the elimination half-life of triazolam (4.1 vs 3.7 hr) and the time of peak concentration (1.22 vs 1.25 hr) after dose. Thus, the bioavailability of triazolam after sublingual administration is increased by an average of 28% compared with oral administration of the same dose, possibly because first-pass extraction is bypassed. Clinical effects of triazolam may likewise be enhanced by sublingual dosage. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3958225/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] | 3958225 |
3,958,345 | Comparison of high pulse repetition frequency and continuous wave Doppler echocardiography for velocity measurement and gradient prediction in children with valvular and congenital heart disease. | Snider A R AR, Stevenson J G JG, French J W JW, Rocchini A P AP, Dick M M, Rosenthal A A, Crowley D C DC, Beekman R H RH, Peters J J | Journal of the American College of Cardiology . Vol. 7, No. 4, 1986 Apr | To compare the ability of high pulse repetition frequency and continuous wave Doppler echocardiography to detect the peak velocity of a jet flow disturbance and to predict pressure gradients accurately, two groups of children with valvular or congenital heart disease were examined using both Doppler techniques. The use study group included 84 children or adolescents (aged 1 day to 19 years) who underwent examination in the echocardiography laboratory with both Doppler techniques in a randomized sequence. The peak velocity recorded with high pulse repetition frequency Doppler echocardiography was compared with the peak velocity recorded with the continuous wave technique. The accuracy study group included 41 children or adolescents (aged 1 day to 16 years) who underwent examination with both Doppler techniques at the time of cardiac catheterization. Doppler pressure gradients were calculated from the peak velocity using the simplified Bernoulli equation and were compared with peak instantaneous gradients and peak to peak gradients measured at catheterization. In the use study, a high correlation was found between peak velocities detected by high pulse repetition frequency and continuous wave Doppler echocardiography (r = 0.94, SEE = 0.28 m/s). In the accuracy study, close correlations were found between measured peak to peak pressure gradients and pressure gradients calculated from continuous wave (r = 0.95, SEE = 7.9 mm Hg) and high pulse repetition frequency Doppler echocardiography (r = 0.94, SEE = 8.7 mm Hg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3958345/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3958345 |
3,958,384 | Theophylline partially inhibits bronchoconstriction caused by inhaled histamine in subjects with asthma. | Cartier A A, Lemire I I, L'Archevêque J J, Ghezzo H H, Martin R R RR, Malo J L JL | The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology . Vol. 77, No. 4, 1986 Apr | Sixteen adult subjects in a clinical steady state had four consecutive histamine inhalation tests on the same day when they were not receiving oral theophylline medication. The provocative concentration of histamine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) was used to assess the response. They were then administered active or placebo sustained-release theophylline preparations according to a double-blind, randomized 4.4.1. two-treatment crossover design. Medication was administered for a minimum of 3 consecutive days, and PC20 was reassessed on 4 different days, 3 to 4 hours after receiving active or placebo medication (two visits for each medication). A significant but small bronchodilator and blocking effect on histamine excitability was demonstrated for the active medication. This latter effect was present even by adjusting for changes in baseline airway caliber and for the intraindividual variability of the four PC20 values obtained on day 1. We conclude that theophylline partially blocks bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3958384/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3958384 |
3,958,660 | Human coffee drinking: manipulation of concentration and caffeine dose. | Griffiths R R RR, Bigelow G E GE, Liebson I A IA, O'Keeffe M M, O'Leary D D, Russ N N | Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior . Vol. 45, No. 2, 1986 Mar | In a residential research ward coffee drinking was studied in 9 volunteer human subjects with histories of heavy coffee drinking. A series of five experiments was undertaken to characterize adlibitum coffee consumption and to investigate the effects of manipulating coffee concentration, caffeine dose per cup, and caffeine preloads prior to coffee drinking. Manipulations were double-blind and scheduled in randomized sequences across days. When cups of coffee were freely available, coffee drinking tended to be rather regularly spaced during the day with intercup intervals becoming progressively longer throughout the day; experimental manipulations showed that this lengthening of intercup intervals was not due to accumulating caffeine levels. Number of cups of coffee consumed was an inverted U-shaped function of both coffee concentration and caffeine dose per cup; however, coffee-concentration and dose-per-cup manipulations did not produce similar effects on other measures of coffee drinking (intercup interval, time to drink a cup, within-day distribution of cups). Caffeine preload produced dose-related decreases in number of cups consumed. As a whole, these experiments provide some limited evidence for both the suppressive and the reinforcing effects of caffeine on coffee consumption. Examination of total daily coffee and caffeine intake across experiments, however, provides no evidence for precise regulation (i.e., titration) of coffee or caffeine intake. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3958660/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] | 3958660 |
3,958,683 | A randomized trial of special packaging of antihypertensive medications. | Becker L A LA, Glanz K K, Sobel E E, Mossey J J, Zinn S L SL, Knott K A KA | The Journal of family practice . Vol. 22, No. 4, 1986 Apr | This article reports a randomized controlled trial designed to test the effects of special packaging of antihypertensive medication on compliance and blood pressure control. One hundred eighty subjects who had exhibited elevated blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg in the two years prior to the study were recruited from patients receiving care at a community hospital-based family medicine practice. After completing preenrollment interviews and blood pressure measurements, subjects were randomly assigned to receive their antihypertensive medications either in the usual vials or in special unit dose-reminder packaging. Follow-up interviews, pill counts, and blood pressure measurements were performed at three-month intervals. There were no statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups with regard to age, sex, race, employment, education, marital status, insurance coverage, or blood pressure regimens. Prior to the intervention, the experimental group had slightly lower diastolic blood pressure and reported better compliance than the control group. Analyses performed on 165 subjects completing the first follow-up visit revealed no significant improvements in blood pressure control or compliance for patients receiving special medication packaging. While some patients found it easy to remember to take pills packaged using this format, they also found the packages somewhat more difficult and inconvenient to use. In contrast to previously reported work, this study did not demonstrate any significant improvement in compliance with special packaging of antihypertensive medications. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3958683/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] | 3958683 |
3,958,753 | Recombinant interferon alpha-2 (INTRON A) in a phase II study of renal cell carcinoma. | Kempf R A RA, Grunberg S M SM, Daniels J R JR, Skinner D G DG, Venturi C L CL, Spiegel R R, Neri R R, Greiner J M JM, Rudnick S S, Mitchell M S MS | Journal of biological response modifiers . Vol. 5, No. 1, 1986 Feb | Because two of five patients with renal cell carcinoma in a Phase I study had partial response to recombinant alpha-2 interferon (IFN), we treated 26 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma with a 3-month regimen of IFN. Patients were randomized to receive IFN either subcutaneously (2 X 10(6) IU/m2 3 times a week) or intravenously (3 X 10(7) IU/m2 for 5 consecutive days every 2-3 weeks). Patients whose disease was responding or stable were treated further, while those with progressive disease on subcutaneous treatment were offered intravenous therapy. Sites of metastasis included lung (14 patients), bone (7 patients), soft tissue (7 patients) and liver (2 patients). Twenty patients were evaluable for response. One patient had a partial response at the end of the third course of intravenous IFN and subsequently had complete disappearance of a 12 X 7 cm subcutaneous mass after the seventh course of treatment. The disease was stable in 13 patients including two minor responses, and six patients had progressive disease (5 with subcutaneous treatment; 1 with intravenous treatment) including one mixed response. All patients experienced early flu-like symptoms of fever, chills, and rigors during the first few days of treatment and most had mild to moderate fatigue. Three patients left the study because of fatigue, and one had an urticarial rash. From these results and our previous experience, it appears that IFN has activity against renal cell carcinoma with acceptable toxicity. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3958753/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3958753 |
3,958,828 | Improved erythrocyte survival with combined vitamin E and selenium therapy in children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and mild chronic hemolysis. | Hafez M M, Amar E S ES, Zedan M M, Hammad H H, Sorour A H AH, el-Desouky E S ES, Gamil N N | The Journal of pediatrics . Vol. 108, No. 4, 1986 Apr | To study the antioxidant effect of high-dose vitamin E alone and in combination with selenium in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency with mild chronic hemolysis, 36 male children with such manifestations were enrolled consecutively into two equal groups. Group 1 received 800 IU vitamin E daily, and group 2 received 800 IU vitamin E in combination with 25 micrograms selenium. Hematologic status before and 2 months after treatment was evaluated. After treatment there was a significant change toward normal in both groups. The mean red cell half-life increased in group 1 from 16.9 to 22.8 days (P less than 0.01), and in group 2 from 15.6 to 24.3 days (P less than 0.01). A comparison of the mean difference of paired values in the two groups revealed a more significant increase in hemoglobin (0.9 +/- 0.1 gm/dl vs 1.2 +/- 0.2 gm/dl, P less than 0.05), hematocrit (2.4% +/- 0.4% vs 3.8% +/- 0.3%, P less than 0.05), and red cell half-life (5.9 +/- 3.0 days vs 9.1 +/- 4.4 days, P less than 0.01), and more significant reduction in reticulocytes (-0.7% +/- 0.2% vs -1.5% +/- 0.4%, P less than 0.01) in group 2. Clinical assessment and follow-up indicated no side effects related to the drugs. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3958828/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 3958828 |
3,958,952 | A prospective comparison of Amvisc and Healon in cataract surgery. | Sharpe E D ED, Simmons R J RJ | Journal of cataract and refractive surgery . Vol. 12, No. 1, 1986 Jan | A prospective, randomly assigned, double-masked study was designed to compare two solutions of sodium hyaluronate--Amvisc and Healon. All cases were planned extracapsular cataract extractions with posterior chamber intraocular lenses performed by a single surgeon in glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous eyes. Subjective performance of the products were rated in regard to ability to maintain the chamber, coat the intraocular lens, dilate the pupil, separate the leaves of the capsule, and be easily removed. Objective comparisons of intraocular pressure, anterior chamber reaction, and endothelial cell loss were also made. There was no subjective or objective difference between the two products. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3958952/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3958952 |
3,959,099 | Measurement of therapy outcome and maintenance of gains in the behavioral treatment of secondary orgasmic dysfunction. | Fichten C S CS, Libman E E, Brender W W | Journal of sex & marital therapy . Vol. 12, No. 1, 1986 | Choice of therapeutic goals and criteria used for evaluation of therapeutic outcome represent fundamental conceptual and methodological issues. The present investigation examined the relationship between how data were obtained (by retrospective questionnaire or ongoing daily self-monitoring), what outcome criteria were used (behavioral or cognitive-affective), whose data were being analyzed (the female or male partner), and when measurements were taken (at posttherapy or follow-up) in a sample of 23 couples with the problem of secondary orgasmic dysfunction in the wife. The results indicate that retrospective measurement was more optimistic than ongoing; cognitive-affective changes were twice as likely to occur as changes in behaviors; females benefited more than males; and there were considerable losses of therapeutic gains at follow-up. These results underscore the need for multiple measurement techniques and highlight the multidimensional quality of the sexual experience. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3959099/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3959099 |
3,959,249 | Oxybutynin versus propantheline in patients with multiple sclerosis and detrusor hyperreflexia. | Gajewski J B JB, Awad S A SA | The Journal of urology . Vol. 135, No. 5, 1986 May | Hyperreflexia is the most common urological finding in patients with multiple sclerosis. A prospective randomized study was done to compare the effectiveness of 2 commonly used drugs, oxybutynin and propantheline. Of the 34 patients entered into the trial 19 were treated with oxybutynin and 15 with propantheline. The urological symptoms (frequency, nocturia, hesitancy, urgency and urge incontinence) were graded according to severity from 0 to 3. Patients with urinary infection were excluded. Urodynamic examination, consisting of cystometrography and electromyography, was performed in all patients before treatment. Both groups of patients had comparable neurological, urological and urodynamic status before treatment. In 4 patients (21 per cent) treated with oxybutynin and in 4 (27 per cent) treated with propantheline side effects were so severe that the treatment had to be discontinued. Symptomatic response to oxybutynin was good in 10 patients (67 per cent), fair in 2 (13 per cent) and poor in 3 (20 per cent). Propantheline produced good symptomatic results in 4 patients (36 per cent), fair in 1 (9 per cent) and poor in 6 (55 per cent). The mean increase in maximum cystometric capacity on cystometrography was significantly larger in the oxybutynin group than in the propantheline group (144 +/- 115 versus 35 +/- 101). Our results indicate that oxybutynin is more effective than propantheline in the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia in patients with multiple sclerosis. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3959249/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3959249 |
3,959,273 | Surgical management of synchronous carotid and coronary artery disease. | Cosgrove D M DM, Hertzer N R NR, Loop F D FD | Journal of vascular surgery . Vol. 3, No. 4, 1986 Apr | To determine the safest method of treating simultaneously occurring coronary artery disease and asymptomatic carotid stenosis, patients were randomly assigned to either combined operation or a staged procedure with coronary artery surgery done first, followed by carotid endarterectomy. In the initial 70 patients, there were two strokes (5.9%) and two deaths (5.9%) in the combined group and four strokes (11%) and one death (2.8%) in the group with coronary artery surgery performed first. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3959273/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3959273 |
3,959,323 | Lack of modulation of postoperative immunosuppression by isotonic amino acid infusion. | Neuvonen P P, Salo M M, Perttilä J J, Havia T T | JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition . Vol. 10, No. 2 | Effects of an isotonic amino acid solution on the immune defence systems of surgical patients were studied. Twenty-two patients admitted for major abdominal operations were randomly allocated into two groups. Eleven of them received 1 liter of 3% amino acid solution daily for 5 days postoperatively, while 11 control patients received balanced 5% glucose-containing electrolyte solutions. Immune variables were studied preoperatively and at 1, 3 to 4, and 6 to 7 days postoperatively. These studies included leukocyte and differential counts, T (OKT3+), B (sIg+), T helper/inducer (OKT4+) and suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT8+) cell determinations, measurement of in vitro lymphocytic responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (StaCw) in cultures of separated lymphocytes, and to PHA, concanavalin A (Con A), and PWM in whole blood cultures. B lymphocyte functions were studied by measuring synthesis of immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA in the cell culture medium when lymphocytes were stimulated with PWM alone and in the presence of Con A or hydrocortisone. Postoperative amino acid infusion slightly improved the capacity of lymphocytes to synthetize and secrete IgG and IgM. By contrast, no improvement was seen in cell counts or lymphocyte transformation patterns. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3959323/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3959323 |
3,959,558 | The effect of alcohol on self-evaluation and perception of negative interpersonal feedback. | Yankofsky L L, Wilson G T GT, Adler J L JL, Hay W M WM, Vrana S S | Journal of studies on alcohol . Vol. 47, No. 1, 1986 Jan | Recent theories of alcohol use and misuse assume that alcohol alters cognitive-perceptual mediating processes that indirectly reduce emotional distress. One view is that alcohol enhances perceptions of control and power. Alternatively, it has been suggested that alcohol is used to reduce self-awareness, perceptions of negative feedback and negative self-evaluations. The purpose of this study was to test these two hypotheses. Forty men, all college students, participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the four conditions in a 2 X 2 balanced placebo design. Subjects interacted with a woman confederate at two points in the procedure: first under positive feedback conditions and then, after beverage consumption, under negative feedback conditions. Both sequences were videotaped and eventually viewed by the subjects. Before and after each interaction period and after the videotape procedure, subjects completed rating forms which assessed their self-perceptions. Whereas perceptions of control and power were diminished when subjects were sober, the ratings of intoxicated subjects remained stable after they received negative interpersonal feedback. Alcohol impaired the perception of negative feedback and reduced negative evaluations of the videotaped sequences. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3959558/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] | 3959558 |
3,959,564 | The perception of empathy in alcoholism counselors. | Kirk W G WG, Best J B JB, Irwin P P | Journal of studies on alcohol . Vol. 47, No. 1, 1986 Jan | Alcoholic inpatients evaluated the level of empathy demonstrated by a purported alcoholism counselor. Forty-two detoxified subjects viewed a 15-min videotape of a simulated alcoholism counseling session. Subjects had been randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group 1 was told that the counselor they were about to see was a recovering alcoholic whose empathy they were to evaluate. The subjects in Group 2 were given the same instructions; however, the information concerning the counselor's drinking history was omitted. A form of the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory (BLRI) was administered immediately after the viewing. No statistical differences between group means on the empathy subscale of the BLRI were found. This finding does not support the contention that a history of drinking and rehabilitation enhances the perception of counselor empathy among alcoholics. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3959564/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3959564 |
3,959,571 | Arterial line filtration during cardiopulmonary bypass. Neurologic, neuropsychologic, and hematologic studies. | Aris A A, Solanes H H, Cámara M L ML, Junqué C C, Escartin A A, Caralps J M JM | The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery . Vol. 91, No. 4, 1986 Apr | One hundred patients who underwent elective cardiac operations were randomized into two groups. Group 1 had a 20 micron nylon screen filter in the arterial line. In Group 2 no filter was used in the arterial line. Neurologic and neuropsychologic examination of the patients was performed with seven psychometric tests of the Wechsler Memory Scale and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. These tests were conducted before and a mean of 10 days after the operation. Platelet counts and hemoglobin and total protein levels were measured at the onset and at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass. Two patients died during their hospital stay. Neurologic damage with focal signs was found in the postoperative examination in six patients (three in each group). Twenty-eight patients (28.5%) exhibited signs of mild cerebral dysfunction as assessed by the presence of archaic (primitive) reflexes. Fifteen were in Group 1 and 13 in Group 2 (no significant difference). Sixty patients (61%) had decrements greater than one standard deviation in at least one of the three tests that showed most decreased postoperative scores. There were 32 in Group 1 and 28 in Group 2 (no significant difference). When each test was analyzed individually, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Platelet counts decreased, during cardiopulmonary bypass, a mean of 33% in Group 1 and 34.5% in Group 2 (no significant difference). Both hemoglobin and total protein levels remained virtually unchanged. These results indicate that the addition of a small-pore filter in the arterial line does not prevent the neurologic and neuropsychologic disturbances frequently encountered after cardiopulmonary bypass. The filter itself does not appear to have a direct effect on the blood components. Routine use of an arterial line filter remains questionable. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3959571/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3959571 |
3,959,854 | Effect of blood pH on peripheral and central signals of perceived exertion. | Robertson R J RJ, Falkel J E JE, Drash A L AL, Swank A M AM, Metz K F KF, Spungen S A SA, LeBoeuf J R JR | Medicine and science in sports and exercise . Vol. 18, No. 1, 1986 Feb | Ten male subjects underwent exercise testing in three modes, arms (A), legs (L), and arms + legs (A + L), after ingesting 0.3 g X kg-1 body weight of either NaHCO3 to induce alkalosis or CaCO3 as a placebo (i.e., six exercise trials). Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE: Borg, 15-pt scale) for the arms (RPE-A), legs (RPE-L), chest (REP-C), and overall body (RPE-O) did not differ between acid-base conditions at 20, 40, or 60% VO2max for all three exercise modes. At 80% VO2max, 1) RPE-A was lower (P less than 0.01) during A; 2) RPE-L was lower (P less than 0.01) during L; and 3) RPE-A and RPE-L were lower (P less than 0.01) during A + L under the NaHCO3 as compared to the CaCO3 condition. Differences were not found for RPE-L during A or for RPE-A during L. RPE-C and RPE-O were lower (P less than 0.01) under NaHCO3 during A, L, and A + L. Blood acid-base, VO2, and cardiorespiratory responses were not differentially influenced by exercise mode. Blood pH was significantly higher under NaHCO3 than CaCO3 at pre-exercise and 80% VO2max. VO2, heart rate, and tidal volume did not differ between acid-base conditions at any exercise intensity. VE and respiratory rate did not differ between acid-base conditions at 20, 40, or 60% VO2max but were significantly lower under NaHCO3 at 80% VO2max. RPE-A and L were positively related to blood [H+], and RPE-C was positively related to VE for all exercise modes. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3959854/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3959854 |
3,959,968 | Buprenorphine: a new maintenance opiate? | Seow S S SS, Quigley A J AJ, Ilett K F KF, Dusci L J LJ, Swensen G G, Harrison-Stewart A A, Rappeport L L | The Medical journal of Australia . Vol. 144, No. 8, 1986 Apr 14 | Heroin-dependent out-patients who had been prescribed buprenorphine by general practitioners took part in a controlled study in which 2 mg or 4 mg of buprenorphine were administered by the sublingual route to assess its acceptability as a maintenance opiate and to determine the effects of its abrupt withdrawal and reintroduction a week later. Subjects who received 4 mg of buprenorphine reported being more intoxicated and having fewer symptoms of opiate withdrawal than did the subjects who received the 2-mg dose. Subjects who received the higher dose also abused opiate and benzodiazepine drugs less frequently. When buprenorphine was ceased abruptly, the subjects reported mild withdrawal discomfort for which many requested symptomatic treatment. The reintroduction of buprenorphine caused their condition to restabilize. The subjects' use of opiate drugs, as shown by urine assay, rose from a prevalence of around 15% of specimens at the beginning to about 50% of specimens at the end of the five-week study period. Sublingual buprenorphine was acceptable to opiate-addicted outpatients as a maintenance treatment. However, daily doses of greater than 4 mg will probably be required to suppress concurrent opiate abuse, and detoxification will need to be undertaken gradually. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3959968/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 3959968 |
3,960,242 | Exercise training reduces coronary risk and effectively rehabilitates hemodialysis patients. | Goldberg A P AP, Geltman E M EM, Gavin J R JR, Carney R M RM, Hagberg J M JM, Delmez J A JA, Naumovich A A, Oldfield M H MH, Harter H R HR | Nephron . Vol. 42, No. 4, 1986 | This study examines the effects of 12 months of endurance exercise training (cycling, walking and jogging) on lipid profiles, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, anemia and psychological function in 14 hemodialysis patients. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) increased 18% in the exercisers (p less than 0.01), but did not change in 11 controls. This was associated with a reduction in depression, a decrease in dosages of antihypertensive medications, a significant increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin levels (red cell mass rose, plasma volume did not change), a decrease in plasma triglyceride by 23% (p less than 0.05) and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels by 21% (p less than 0.01) (both HDL-C and triglyceride levels worsened in the sedentary controls), and an 18% increase in glucose disappearance rates (p less than 0.05) in spite of a 52% decrease in fasting insulin levels (p less than 0.01), suggesting that insulin sensitivity improved. These results demonstrate that some of the complications present in hemodialysis patients may be caused by their sedentary life-style, rather than endstage renal disease itself. This suggests that rehabilitation through exercise is possible for these patients. By reducing coronary risk factors in hemodialysis patients, exercise training may also decrease their heightened morbidity and mortality from atherosclerotic complications. These possibilities need to be examined in a longitudinal study. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3960242/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."
] | 3960242 |
3,960,427 | Effect of irrigation or intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis on infectious morbidity at cesarean section. | Gonen R R, Samberg I I, Levinski R R, Levitan Z Z, Sharf M M | Obstetrics and gynecology . Vol. 67, No. 4, 1986 Apr | The efficacy of intraoperative irrigation with cefamandole nafate at cesarean section was evaluated in a prospective, randomized double-blind study. Two hundred and eight patients were treated with antibiotic irrigation and intravenous placebo or with perioperative intravenous cefamandole and irrigated with normal saline. The rate of endometritis was 10.9% in the irrigation group and 14% in the intravenous group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The rate of any infection, the number of days with fever, additional hospitalization days, and number of antibiotics used for treatment were similar in the two groups. It thus was concluded that irrigation with antibiotic is equal but not superior to perioperative intravenous antibiotics. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3960427/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3960427 |
3,960,476 | Experiences with the Neodymium: YAG laser: interruption of anterior hyaloid membrane of the vitreous and cystoid macular edema. | Alpar J J JJ | Ophthalmic surgery . Vol. 17, No. 3, 1986 Mar | Patients who needed posterior capsulectomy at different times following cataract surgery were treated with: The Meditec OPL3 mode-locked Nd:YAG laser; The LASAG Microruptor 2 Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Random selection determined which instrument should be used for which patient. Further random selection determined the use of placebo with topical steroids vs. topical Indomethacin and topical steroid treatment. The results showed that there is a connection between the time the posterior capsulectomy is performed after cataract surgery, the number of applications used to interrupt the membrane, and the integrity of the anterior hyaloid membrane. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3960476/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3960476 |
3,960,619 | Zinc and copper balances in preterm infants. | Tyrala E E EE | Pediatrics . Vol. 77, No. 4, 1986 Apr | Preterm infants are at risk for copper and zinc depletion if sufficient quantities of these nutrients are not provided in a bioavailable form in postnatal life. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of a whey-predominant, 50% medium chain triglyceride formula with relatively high concentrations of zinc and copper would promote the achievement of the in utero accretion rate for zinc and copper in the preterm infant. Two groups of five preterm infants were fed a diet containing 12.5 mg/L of zinc and either 0.9 mg/L or 2.1 mg/L of copper. Seventy-two-hour metabolic balance studies were performed at an average postconceptual age of 34 weeks and an average weight of 1,549 g. All infants were in positive zinc balance and nine of ten achieved the in utero accretion rate for zinc for a 34-week gestation fetus (greater than or equal to 0.432 mg/d). Three infants receiving the high copper formula and two receiving the lower copper formula were in positive copper balance. Two infants from each group achieved the in utero accretion rate for copper for a 34-week gestation fetus (0.088 mg/d). A formula that provides 12.5 mg/L of zinc permits positive zinc balance and zinc retention similar to in utero rates. A formula that provides as much as 2.1 mg/L of copper, however, may not always permit positive copper balance. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3960619/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3960619 |
3,960,944 | A comparative study of theophylline in a slow-release 'sprinkle' format with a standard syrup preparation in young children with asthma. | Dawson K P KP | Pharmatherapeutica . Vol. 4, No. 7, 1986 | Sixty-one chronic asthmatic children received either a new slow-release sprinkle format of theophylline, twice daily, or theophylline liquid, 4-times per day. Over a study period of three months, there was no measurable difference in compliance or symptom control between the two groups. The sprinkle-treated patients, however, had a greater incidence of side-effects and had higher rates of nebulization with beta-agonists. Possible explanations are discussed. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3960944/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3960944 |
3,960,979 | Influence of aerobic fitness on cardiovascular responses during slow head-down tilting. | Sobush D C DC, Nosse L J LJ, Davis A S AS | Physical therapy . Vol. 66, No. 4, 1986 Apr | This study examined the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on mean heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) responses to slow head-down tilting. Twenty-four young, healthy volunteers were tilted randomly from the horizontal plane to -30, -60, and -90 degrees with lower limbs extended or flexed. A multivariate analysis of variance between three independent variables (level of CRF, tilt angle, and lower limb position) and three dependent variables (mean HR, SBP, and DBP) was performed on the cardiovascular changes from an initial horizontal baseline value (absolute change) and from a horizontal value that immediately preceded tilting angles (relative change). The results for significant absolute cardiovascular changes indicated a CRF influence on HR increase (F = 6.42, p less than .05), a tilt-angle influence on SBP increase (F = 9.56, p less than .001), and DBP increase (F = 6.49, p less than .01) and an interaction influence between CRF level and limb position for DBP (F = 5.83, p less than .05). Significant relative cardiovascular change was noted for tilt-angle influence on HR (F = 9.04, p less than or equal to .001). We conclude, therefore, that physical therapists should consider the CRF of individuals and the tilt angle to be used before they conduct slow head-down tilting for therapy. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3960979/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3960979 |
3,961,002 | Dose-dependent effects of hydrocortisone on memory in human males. | Beckwith B E BE, Petros T V TV, Scaglione C C, Nelson J J | Physiology & behavior . Vol. 36, No. 2, 1986 | Eighty male undergraduates were administered either glucose or 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg of hydrocortisone in a double-blind procedure. After 60 min they were asked to listen to eight 12 word lists and then asked to recall the words. In addition to the expected effects of rate of presentation, serial position, and practice there was a significant interaction between dose of hydrocortisone and practice. Early recall was facilitated by all doses used whereas later recall was facilitated by treatment with 40 mg and impaired by treatment with 5 mg. These findings are discussed in the context of the effects of pituitary adrenocortical hormones and memory function. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3961002/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 3961002 |
3,961,029 | Effects of S-adenosyl-methionine on plasma norepinephrine, blood pressure, and heart rate in healthy volunteers. | Sherer M A MA, Cantoni G L GL, Golden R N RN, Rudorfer M V MV, Potter W Z WZ | Psychiatry research . Vol. 17, No. 2, 1986 Feb | S-adenosyl-methionine (SAMe) is currently undergoing trials as a possible antidepressant. Because SAMe's mechanism of action is obscure and norepinephrine (NE) is often implicated in affective disorders, we studied the effects of SAMe on this neurotransmitter in volunteers. Plasma NE and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in the supine and standing position were studied before and after acute placebo or a single 400 mg dose of SAMe and following seven daily administrations; concomitant measures were heart rate (HR) and blood pressure. Subjects were unable to distinguish acute drug from placebo, and although chronic SAMe administration was open, they reported no behavioral effects. Standing HR and plasma NE were reduced following chronic SAMe. Qualitatively similar changes are obtained following chronic treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). However, unlike MAOIs, chronic SAMe treatment was not associated with changes in plasma MHPG. Exaggerated standing NE is found in depressed patients; SAMe may reduce this abnormal response, providing a clue for its mechanism of action in depression. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3961029/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 3961029 |
3,961,308 | An intervention study among elderly people. Methodological and practical experiences. | Hendriksen C C | Scandinavian journal of primary health care . Vol. 4, No. 1, 1986 Feb | Based on a three years controlled intervention study among elderly subjects, aged 75 years or more and living in their own homes, the methodological and practical experiences achieved through interdisciplinary cooperation is described. The combination of social, medical and psychological interventions within the framework of a clinical controlled trial has documented remarkably favourable consequences for the intervention group. The planning, intervention, work up and publication periods of the study are described in the wish that future necessary intervention studies may be guided to an easier procedure. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3961308/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3961308 |
3,961,633 | Effects of nifedipine on the peri-operative ECG, as determined by continuous Holter monitoring. A double-blind study. | du Toit H J HJ, Weich H F HF, Weymar H W HW, Przybojewski J Z JZ | South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde . Vol. 69, No. 7, 1986 Mar 29 | A double-blind study was performed on 50 elderly patients undergoing hip-replacement surgery under general anaesthesia; 26 were given nifedipine and the remaining 24 placebo to determine effects on the continuously monitored (Holter) ECG during the 4 peri-operative days. Drugs were only administered during the latter 3 days of the observation period. Surgery was performed on the morning of the 3rd day. A striking feature was the high incidence of arrhythmias in both groups of patients, a finding previously documented in both 'normal' and elderly people. A decrease in ST-segment changes was expected in the nifedipine-treated patients. An unexpected finding, therefore, was the lack of protection against cardiac ischaemic changes in the nifedipine-treated patients compared with the placebo patients. Interpretation of the ST segment as seen in the Holter-monitored ECG remains controversial. We have no clear explanation for the lack of protection against ischaemic changes. The effects of profound vasodilatation produced by nifedipine in elderly patients subjected to major surgery, general anaesthesia including administration of enflurane, and a variable amount of blood loss in the postoperative period may be important factors. In conclusion, one should perhaps be cautious of nifedipine administration under these circumstances. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3961633/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3961633 |
3,962,451 | In vitro production of anti-influenza virus antibody after simultaneous administration of H3N2 and H1N1 cold-adapted vaccines in seronegative children. | Edwards K M KM, Snyder P P, Thompson J M JM, Johnson P R PR, Wright P F PF | Vaccine . Vol. 4, No. 1, 1986 Mar | Sixteen doubly seronegative (H3N2 and H1N1) young children were recently enrolled in a study of live, attenuated cold-adapted influenza A vaccines. Twelve children received simultaneously H3N2 and H1N1 live, attenuated influenza vaccine intranasally and four received saline as placebo controls. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were obtained sequentially from all children and the in vitro production of anti-influenza H3N2 and H1N1 antibody from unstimulated and influenza stimulated cells was measured by ELISA. In vitro antibody studies were performed at 0, 2, 4, and 12 weeks after immunization. PBL from six of 12 children spontaneously produced H3N2 antibody and eleven of 12 produced H1N1 antibody. Influenza stimulation of PBL induced antibody production in 8/12 for H3N2 and 12/12 for H1N1. PBL from all four placebo immunized children failed to produce specific influenza antibody in vitro at any time studied. In vitro antibody produced after immunization was primarily of the IgG isotype with peak production occurring at 4-12 weeks, supporting the primary nature of the response. The correlation between the presence of positive serum HAI and ELISA titres, and the production of in vitro antibody was good for both H3N2 and H1N1 vaccines. In summary, the simultaneous administration of two attenuated influenza A vaccines into the upper respiratory tract of seronegative children resulted in the stimulation of PBL capable of secreting both H3N2 and H1N1 influenza specific antibody in vitro. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3962451/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 3962451 |
3,962,571 | Inaccuracy of peranesthetic gastric intubation for emptying liquid stomach contents. | Adelhøj B B, Petring O U OU, Hagelsten J O JO | Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica . Vol. 30, No. 1, 1986 Jan | To assess the accuracy of the method of peranesthetic gastric intubation for emptying the liquid stomach contents, this procedure was tried on 80 patients undergoing general anesthesia. Half of the patients had a double-barrelled 16F-Argyle Salem sump tube, length 120 cm, size 16 CH, and the other half had a single-barrelled stomach tube, length 80 cm, size 25 CH. After emptying the stomach with the tubes 25 ml of glucose was given through the gastric tube to half of the Salem tube group and half of the stomach tube group. Similarly 100 ml of glucose was given to half of the Salem tube group and half of the stomach tube group. After instillation of glucose 25 ml or 100 ml, the Salem tube recovered 21.0 +/- 9.1 ml (mean +/- s.d.), median 24 ml, range 6-36 ml or 86.8 +/- 26.9 ml, median 92 ml, range 18-136 ml, respectively, and the stomach tube 17.1 +/- 10.8 ml, median 18 ml, range 2-34 ml or 54.0 +/- 28.5 ml, median 50 ml, range 14-104 ml, respectively. This indicates that the method of gastric intubation for emptying the liquid stomach contents is inaccurate. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3962571/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3962571 |
3,962,622 | The effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine as an disinfectant in eye surgery. | Klie F F, Bøge-Rasmussen I I, Jensen O L OL | Acta ophthalmologica . Vol. 64, No. 1, 1986 Feb | 105 patients admitted for cataract surgery were treated pre-operatively with polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) as a disinfectant, and consecutive bacterial cultures were obtained before initiating surgery and at the end of the operation. A control group (n = 99) only had a standard disinfection procedure of the eye (including instillation of Terramycin cum polymyxin B cream in the conjunctival sac the evening before surgery). The cultures obtained from the conjunctival sac of the control group principally showed growth of Staph. albus and Staph. aureus, and to a minor degree diphtheroids (Corynebacterium species). Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli and micrococci. There was a significant quantitative diminished growth (P less than 0.05) of bacteria in the group of patients treated with PVP-I compared to the control group. Concerning the growth of Staph. albus, this was reduced to almost one third and other bacteria were almost eliminated in the group receiving PVP-I. As we disclosed no toxic or allergic reaction post-operatively which could be related to the use of PVP-I as a disinfectant, this agent seems to constitute an effective pre-operative antimicrobial treatment, taking into consideration the broad antimicrobial spectrum of PVP-I shown by other authors. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3962622/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3962622 |
3,962,623 | Topical anaesthetic and tear film stability. | Mengher L S LS, Pandher K S KS, Bron A J AJ | Acta ophthalmologica . Vol. 64, No. 1, 1986 Feb | The effect of unpreserved topical anaesthetic on tear film stability (0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride) was investigated in a double masked randomised study in 12 healthy volunteers, using a noninvasive tear film break up technique (NIBUT). It was found that the topical anaesthetic did not reduce the pre-corneal tear film stability, contrary to the electron microscopic evidence. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3962623/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3962623 |
3,962,762 | Low-dose subcutaneous heparin in the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli following acute stroke. | McCarthy S T ST, Turner J J | Age and ageing . Vol. 15, No. 2, 1986 Mar | Venous thrombo-embolism is a major and often unrecognized cause of morbidity and mortality in patients after acute strokes. Three hundred and five elderly patients were randomly allocated to either control (161) or treatment (144) with 5000 units calcium heparin subcutaneously 8-hourly for two weeks. A reduction in deep-vein thrombosis rate from 72.7% in the control group to 22.2% in treatment patients was achieved. In patients who died (84), post-mortem examination to look for pulmonary emboli was performed in 71. Comparison between treated and untreated patients showed significantly fewer deaths and pulmonary emboli in the treated group. Most of the beneficial effect on mortality was seen in patients with lighter strokes. When patients with pulmonary emboli at post-mortem were excluded, there was no significant difference in the death rate in treatment (17) and control (14) groups. At post-mortem, 9.9% of the strokes were haemorrhagic (4 in the treatment and 3 in the control group). Low-dose calcium heparin given subcutaneously following acute stroke reduced the number of deep-vein thromboses, pulmonary emboli and deaths without increasing the number of haemorrhagic strokes in this study. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3962762/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3962762 |
3,963,017 | Flurbiprofen in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. A comparison with phenylbutazone. | Lomen P L PL, Turner L F LF, Lamborn K R KR, Brinn E L EL, Sattler L P LP | The American journal of medicine . Vol. 80, No. 3A, 1986 Mar 24 | Flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Upjohn), a potent new analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent, was compared with phenylbutazone in 90 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. In this double-blind, randomized, 26-week study, a total daily dose of 200 mg of flurbiprofen, administered three times daily, was as effective as 300 mg of phenylbutazone in controlling the pain and other symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis. In some patients, symptoms were adequately controlled by 150 mg of flurbiprofen per day, administered twice daily. There were no statistically significant differences between flurbiprofen and phenylbutazone in the investigators' and patients' assessments of improvement at all key follow-up periods. In addition, there were no consistently significant differences between drugs in the efficacy pain scales and quantitative measurements studied. Flurbiprofen was well tolerated in doses of up to 300 mg per day, and no clinically significant laboratory abnormalities were detected. Flurbiprofen appears to be an excellent alternative to phenylbutazone in the management of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3963017/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3963017 |
3,963,018 | Flurbiprofen in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. A comparison with indomethacin. | Lomen P L PL, Turner L F LF, Lamborn K R KR, Brinn E L EL | The American journal of medicine . Vol. 80, No. 3A, 1986 Mar 24 | In this randomized, double-blind study, 57 patients with ankylosing spondylitis were evaluated after 26 weeks of treatment with either flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Upjohn) or indomethacin. Flurbiprofen administered four times a day in a total daily dose of 200 mg was effective in controlling the pain and associated symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis. Pain was adequately controlled in some patients following a total daily dose of 100 mg of flurbiprofen administered twice a day. Flurbiprofen was as effective as indomethacin in most key efficacy measurements analyzed. The drug was well tolerated in doses of up to 300 mg per day, and no clinically significant laboratory abnormalities were detected. Flurbiprofen is an excellent treatment for the control of pain and inflammation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3963018/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3963018 |
3,963,025 | Effects of flurbiprofen and aspirin on the gastric and duodenal mucosa. An endoscopic comparison. | Lanza F L FL, Royer G L GL, Nelson R S RS, Seckman C E CE, Schwartz J H JH, Rack M F MF, Gernaat C M CM | The American journal of medicine . Vol. 80, No. 3A, 1986 Mar 24 | A single-blind, randomized endoscopic tolerance study was conducted to compare daily doses of flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Upjohn) at 100, 150, and 200 mg per day with 2,600 mg of aspirin per day. Ten normal volunteers were enrolled in each of the flurbiprofen groups, and five were enrolled in the aspirin group. Analysis of the mean gastric mucosal injury scores obtained on day eight revealed statistically significant lower mean scores (p = 0.05) in the 100-mg and 150-mg flurbiprofen treatment groups when compared with the 200-mg flurbiprofen group and the aspirin group. No significant differences were found between any of the treatment groups in duodenal mucosal injury scores. Mean scores for gastric mucosal injury in the three groups receiving flurbiprofen showed a definite dose relationship. The aspirin-treated subjects had significantly decreased uric acid levels (p = 0.006) and a significantly higher incidence of tinnitus (p = 0.04) compared with the flurbiprofen treatment groups. There was a poor correlation between subjective symptomatology and endoscopic pathologic findings. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3963025/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3963025 |
3,963,028 | Flurbiprofen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A comparison with aspirin. | Lomen P L PL, Turner L F LF, Lamborn K R KR, Brinn E L EL | The American journal of medicine . Vol. 80, No. 3A, 1986 Mar 24 | This large-scale, double-blind study compared 200 mg per day of flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Upjohn) with 4,000 mg per day of aspirin in 822 patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis who were evaluated for up to 52 weeks. Overall response to therapy was similar in both groups. By the end of the study, however, significantly more patients remained in the flurbiprofen (54 percent) than in the aspirin group (40 percent). Significant differences were also found in the incidence and severity of adverse reactions: 36 percent of flurbiprofen-treated and 63 percent of aspirin-treated patients reported side effects. Severe adverse reactions occurred in 6.7 percent of the flurbiprofen-treated patients compared with 16.5 percent of the aspirin-treated patients. Withdrawals that were due at least in part to adverse reactions were more than twice as frequent in the aspirin group (21.4 percent) than in the flurbiprofen group (10.2 percent). Laboratory data collected throughout the study showed no clinically significant abnormalities in either group. This study suggests that flurbiprofen effectively controls the pain and other symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, and is superior in safety to aspirin in the treatment of patients with acute and chronic disease. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3963028/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 3963028 |
3,963,030 | Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. A comparison of flurbiprofen and aspirin. | Lomen P L PL, Lamborn K R KR, Porter G H GH, Turner L F LF, Brinn E L EL | The American journal of medicine . Vol. 80, No. 3A, 1986 Mar 24 | The analgesic efficacy of flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Upjohn) and aspirin were compared in a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, parallel, multicenter study of 147 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Flurbiprofen (73 patients) was administered two, three, or four times a day in total daily doses of 100, 150, or 200 mg; aspirin (74 patients) was also given two, three, or four times a day in total daily doses of 2,000, 3,000, or 4,000 mg. Flurbiprofen was found effective in controlling pain and other symptoms of osteoarthritis. In general, the flurbiprofen group showed greater improvement in efficacy variables than did the aspirin group. Statistically significant improvements were noted in the flurbiprofen-treated patients for disability at week 12, and in the clinicians' assessment of response to therapy and disability at the final evaluation. Many flurbiprofen-treated patients (46 percent) completing the trial followed a relatively low dosage regimen of 50 mg twice daily for more than half the study. Flurbiprofen was well tolerated, and no significant laboratory abnormalities were detected. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3963030/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3963030 |
3,963,031 | Effects of long-term administration of buspirone and diazepam on driver steering control. | Smiley A A, Moskowitz H H | The American journal of medicine . Vol. 80, No. 3B, 1986 Mar 31 | The effects of buspirone, diazepam, and placebo on tracking control were investigated over a nine-day period, using three groups of subjects, each with eight females and eight males. Subjects were tested using an interactive, computer-based driving simulator on days one, eight, and nine of the treatment period. On day nine, subjects received alcohol with their drug treatment. Measures of steering control were derived from car-driver transfer functions. Tracking performance was also measured. Diazepam was found to adversely affect steering control measures in comparison with placebo. This was true both after doses on the first as well as the eighth day of treatment. Thus, there was no evidence of behavioral tolerance to diazepam. In contrast, buspirone was not found to have any adverse effects on steering control; in fact, some evidence of improved tracking control was found. When alcohol was added to each treatment on the ninth day, differences between the drug treatment groups were less pronounced but in the same direction as on the first and eighth days. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3963031/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
] | 3963031 |
3,963,032 | Investigation of the abuse liability of buspirone in alcohol-dependent patients. | Griffith J D JD, Jasinski D R DR, Casten G P GP, McKinney G R GR | The American journal of medicine . Vol. 80, No. 3B, 1986 Mar 31 | By use of the Addiction Research Center Inventory, the Amphetamine Self-Rating Scale, the Single-Dose Questionnaire, and selected physiologic measures (blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rates, oral temperature, and pupil diameter), the abuse liability of buspirone (10, 20, and 40 mg) was compared with that of diazepam (10 and 20 mg) and placebo in 19 subjects who were hospitalized for the treatment of alcohol dependency. Each treatment was given as a single dose at intervals of at least three days according to a double-blind, six-period, crossover Latin square design. Neither buspirone nor diazepam had any effect on blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rates, or body temperature. A small, transient pupillary constriction was evident in the 20- and 40-mg buspirone groups, but it dissipated within two hours after dosing. Both buspirone and diazepam had only a small stimulating effect on appetite. On the Pentobarbital-Chlorpromazine-Alcohol Group and Sedation subscales of the Addiction Research Center Inventory, the 40-mg dose of buspirone yielded effects suggestive of a mild sedative-type drug. Only the 20-mg dose produced a significant effect on the Euphoria scale. Diazepam appeared to be more active as a sedative-hypnotic type of drug, by virtue of its effects on both the Amphetamine and Euphoria subscales and its greater effects on the Morphine-Benzedrine Group, Pentobarbital-Chlorpromazine-Alcohol Group, and Sedation subscales, suggesting euphoria. Not only does the lack of effect of buspirone on the Amphetamine and Morphine-Benzedrine Group subscales indicate lack of a euphorigenic property, but the score on the Lysergic Acid Diethylamide subscale, especially in the 40-mg group, suggests a dysphorigenic property at high doses. On the Amphetamine Self-Rating Scale, buspirone and diazepam affected only the sleep factor and only the 40-mg buspirone dose was distinguishable from placebo. On the Single-Dose Questionnaire, both buspirone and diazepam tended to be rated more as sedative-type drugs, but buspirone was generally less well liked than diazepam. Overall, the results, which suggest a lack of euphoria and the presence of dysphoria at high doses, indicate that buspirone has only limited, if any, abuse liability. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3963032/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Controlled Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article"
] | 3963032 |
3,963,039 | Effect of alcohol ingestion on breathing and oxygenation during sleep. Analysis of the influence of age and sex. | Block A J AJ, Hellard D W DW, Slayton P C PC | The American journal of medicine . Vol. 80, No. 4, 1986 Apr | Breathing and oxygenation were monitored in 78 asymptomatic volunteers on two successive nights of sleep. Four groups of subjects were recruited: 20 young men, 20 young women, 20 men older than 40 years, and 18 postmenopausal women. In random order, subjects ingested either 2 ml/kg (body weight) of 100-proof vodka in orange juice or a similar amount of water in orange juice before bedtime. Alcohol ingestion shortened sleep in the older men and in the postmenopausal women. No effect of alcohol ingestion on breathing or oxygenation during sleep was seen in any group of women. In men, alcohol ingestion increased the numbers of desaturation episodes and caused more severe oxygen desaturation during sleep. The effect of alcohol ingestion on breathing and oxygenation during the sleep of asymptomatic volunteers appears to be limited to men. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3963039/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial",
"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."
] | 3963039 |
3,963,089 | Lactation suppression and puerperal fever. | Almeida O D OD, Kitay D Z DZ | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology . Vol. 154, No. 4, 1986 Apr | Seventy-five puerperal women who did not wish to breast-feed were treated with bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel) or placebo in a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Results revealed a puerperal fever incidence of 18.6%, 13.3% of which was due to breast engorgement and 5.3% to an infectious process. Parlodel prevented puerperal fever in 87.9% of patients. If Parlodel was given within 18 hours of delivery, physiologic puerperal fever was prevented in 100% of cases. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3963089/ | [
"Clinical Trial",
"Comparative Study",
"Journal Article",
"Randomized Controlled Trial"
] | 3963089 |
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