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instruction stringlengths 9 11.7k	context stringlengths 15 16.8k ⌀	response stringlengths 1 8.88k	category stringclasses 3 values	text stringlengths 49 12.8k
Where is Stargate Command located in the Stargate universe.	Stargate Command (abbreviated to SGC) is a top-secret military organization founded and led by the United States Air Force in conjunction with the International Oversight Advisory, tasked with operating the Stargate device and all matters pertaining to things offworld, such as threats to Earth or missions to procure new technology from extraterrestrial civilizations. It is based inside the Cheyenne Mountain Complex in Colorado, code named "Area 52". (SG1: "Politics")	The Stargate Command facility is located on planet Earth, in Colorado, United States, in the Cheyenne Mountain complex	closed_qa	### Question: Where is Stargate Command located in the Stargate universe.### Answer: The Stargate Command facility is located on planet Earth, in Colorado, United States, in the Cheyenne Mountain complex
What are common metrics used to measure the market value of a company?	null	Common metrics used to measure the market value of a company are: 1. Revenue 2. Free cash flow 3. Net income 4. Revenue growth rate 5. Free cash flow growth rate 6. Operating margin	open_qa	### Question: What are common metrics used to measure the market value of a company?### Answer: Common metrics used to measure the market value of a company are: 1. Revenue 2. Free cash flow 3. Net income 4. Revenue growth rate 5. Free cash flow growth rate 6. Operating margin
What are the words of House Crakehall?	null	"None So Fierce"	open_qa	### Question: What are the words of House Crakehall?### Answer: "None So Fierce"
Does multitasking make someone more productive at work?	null	It is a commonly held belief that multitasking is a desirable attribute for an employee to possess. This is based on the idea that multitasking results in a higher volume of work product. However, the contrary view is that multitasking diminishes the quality of work. In other words, multitasking increases productivity if the goal is simply to produce more work product; but at the same time, it decreases the quality of each individual outcome.	general_qa	### Question: Does multitasking make someone more productive at work?### Answer: It is a commonly held belief that multitasking is a desirable attribute for an employee to possess. This is based on the idea that multitasking results in a higher volume of work product. However, the contrary view is that multitasking diminishes the quality of work. In other words, multitasking increases productivity if the goal is simply to produce more work product; but at the same time, it decreases the quality of each individual outcome.
Why is the sky blue?	null	Blue light is scattered in all directions by the tiny molecules of air in Earth's atmosphere. Blue is scattered more than other colors because it travels as shorter, smaller waves. This is why we see a blue sky most of the time.	general_qa	### Question: Why is the sky blue?### Answer: Blue light is scattered in all directions by the tiny molecules of air in Earth's atmosphere. Blue is scattered more than other colors because it travels as shorter, smaller waves. This is why we see a blue sky most of the time.
Why do people like macaroni and cheese and how is it made?	null	Macaroni and cheese is is a popular dish across the world that is widely regarded for its flavor and textural components. Macaroni and cheese is made with cooked pasta, usually elbow macaroni, and a cheese sauce. The cheese sauce is usually made by cooking a roux, which is a mixture of butter and flour, and then adding milk. Once thickened, cheese is added to the sauce. Some macaroni and cheese is stove top, meaning that it is not baked after the cheese sauce is mixed with the macaroni. However, the best dish is sprinkled with bread crumbs and baked in the oven until the top is crispy.	general_qa	### Question: Why do people like macaroni and cheese and how is it made?### Answer: Macaroni and cheese is is a popular dish across the world that is widely regarded for its flavor and textural components. Macaroni and cheese is made with cooked pasta, usually elbow macaroni, and a cheese sauce. The cheese sauce is usually made by cooking a roux, which is a mixture of butter and flour, and then adding milk. Once thickened, cheese is added to the sauce. Some macaroni and cheese is stove top, meaning that it is not baked after the cheese sauce is mixed with the macaroni. However, the best dish is sprinkled with bread crumbs and baked in the oven until the top is crispy.
What kind of u-boat was the SM U-30	SM U-30[Note 1] was one of 329 U-boat submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She engaged in commerce warfare as part of the First Battle of the Atlantic. U-30 is significant for the torpedoing of the US tanker Gulflight on 1 May 1915 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) west of Scilly.	SM U-30 was one of 329 U-boat submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She engaged in commerce warfare as part of the First Battle of the Atlantic. U-30 is significant for the torpedoing of the US tanker Gulflight on 1 May 1915 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) west of Scilly.	closed_qa	### Question: What kind of u-boat was the SM U-30### Answer: SM U-30 was one of 329 U-boat submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She engaged in commerce warfare as part of the First Battle of the Atlantic. U-30 is significant for the torpedoing of the US tanker Gulflight on 1 May 1915 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) west of Scilly.
Given this reference test, what is the daily recommended amount of magnesium for men in the UK?	In the UK, the recommended daily values for magnesium are 300 mg for men and 270 mg for women. In the U.S. the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are 400 mg for men ages 19–30 and 420 mg for older; for women 310 mg for ages 19–30 and 320 mg for older.	The daily recommended amount of magnesium for men in the UK is 300 mg.	closed_qa	### Question: Given this reference test, what is the daily recommended amount of magnesium for men in the UK?### Answer: The daily recommended amount of magnesium for men in the UK is 300 mg.
Where is the Kilo railway station	Kilo is a station on the VR commuter rail network on the Rantarata line located in Kilo, a district of the city of Espoo in Finland. It is situated between Leppävaara railway station and Kera railway station, approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest/west of Helsinki Central railway station.	Kilo is a station on the VR commuter rail network on the Rantarata line located in Kilo, a district of the city of Espoo in Finland. It is situated between Leppavaara railway station and Kera railway station, approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest/west of Helsinki Central railway station.	closed_qa	### Question: Where is the Kilo railway station### Answer: Kilo is a station on the VR commuter rail network on the Rantarata line located in Kilo, a district of the city of Espoo in Finland. It is situated between Leppavaara railway station and Kera railway station, approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest/west of Helsinki Central railway station.
What are the major innovations and scientific discoveries from UC Berkeley?	A number of significant inventions and discoveries have been made by Berkeley faculty members and researchers: Natural sciences Edit Atomic bomb – Physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was wartime director of Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Manhattan Project. Carbon 14 and photosynthesis – Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben first discovered carbon 14 in 1940, and Nobel laureate Melvin Calvin and his colleagues used carbon 14 as a molecular tracer to reveal the carbon assimilation path in photosynthesis, known as Calvin cycle. Carcinogens – Identified chemicals that damage DNA. The Ames test was described in a series of papers in 1973 by Bruce Ames and his group at the university. Chemical elements – 16 elements have been discovered at Berkeley (technetium, astatine, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, lawrencium, rutherfordium, dubnium, and seaborgium). Covalent bond – Gilbert N. Lewis in 1916 described the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, and invented the Lewis notation to describe the mechanisms. CRISPR gene editing – Nobel laureate Jennifer Doudna discovers a precise and inexpensive way for manipulating DNA in human cells. Cyclotron – Ernest O. Lawrence created a particle accelerator in 1934, and was awarded the Nobel Physics Prize in 1939. Dark energy – Saul Perlmutter and many others in the Supernova Cosmology Project discover the universe is expanding because of dark energy 1998. Flu vaccine – Wendell M. Stanley and colleagues discovered the vaccine in the 1940s. Hydrogen bomb – Edward Teller, the father of hydrogen bomb, was a professor at Berkeley and a researcher at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Immunotherapy of cancer – James P. Allison discovers and develops monoclonal antibody therapy that uses the immune system to combat cancer 1992–1995. Molecular clock – Allan Wilson discovery in 1967. Neuroplasticity – Marian Diamond discovers structural, biochemical, and synaptic changes in brain caused by environmental enrichment 1964 Oncogene – Peter Duesberg discovers first cancer causing gene in a virus 1970s. Telomerase – Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak discover enzyme that promotes cell division and growth 1985. Vitamin E – Gladys Anderson Emerson isolates Vitamin E in a pure form in 1952.	Atomic bomb by J. Robert Oppenheimer, carbon 14 and its photosynthesis, covalent bond, cyclotron, and etc.	closed_qa	### Question: What are the major innovations and scientific discoveries from UC Berkeley?### Answer: Atomic bomb by J. Robert Oppenheimer, carbon 14 and its photosynthesis, covalent bond, cyclotron, and etc.
What’s the best way to cook scrambled eggs?	null	Heat a pan to medium heat and melt some butter. Crack eggs into the pan and break the yolk so that the mixture in the pan has a nice variation. Continue slowly stirring the eggs. Every 30 seconds, remove the pan from the heat. Then return to the heat for 30 seconds. Continue this process and continue stirring until the eggs reach your preferred consistency.	general_qa	### Question: What’s the best way to cook scrambled eggs?### Answer: Heat a pan to medium heat and melt some butter. Crack eggs into the pan and break the yolk so that the mixture in the pan has a nice variation. Continue slowly stirring the eggs. Every 30 seconds, remove the pan from the heat. Then return to the heat for 30 seconds. Continue this process and continue stirring until the eggs reach your preferred consistency.
How did Jim Henson die?	null	The famous puppeteer succumbed to toxic shock syndrome, resulting from abscesses in his lungs.	open_qa	### Question: How did Jim Henson die?### Answer: The famous puppeteer succumbed to toxic shock syndrome, resulting from abscesses in his lungs.
Which countries are part of the five eyes alliance and what is its purpose?	null	The Five Eyes is an intelligence alliance between the countries of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and the United States.The goal is to share intelligence between one another in one of the worlds most unilateral agreement	general_qa	### Question: Which countries are part of the five eyes alliance and what is its purpose?### Answer: The Five Eyes is an intelligence alliance between the countries of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and the United States.The goal is to share intelligence between one another in one of the worlds most unilateral agreement
Who invented the radio?	The invention of radio communication was preceded by many decades of establishing theoretical underpinnings, discovery and experimental investigation of radio waves, and engineering and technical developments related to their transmission and detection. These developments allowed Guglielmo Marconi to turn radio waves into a wireless communication system.	The radio was invented by Guglielmo Marconi, which allowed the harnessing of radio waves into a wireless communication system. This invention did not happen in a vacuum. It was enabled by investigating radio waves and understanding how to detect and transmit them.	closed_qa	### Question: Who invented the radio?### Answer: The radio was invented by Guglielmo Marconi, which allowed the harnessing of radio waves into a wireless communication system. This invention did not happen in a vacuum. It was enabled by investigating radio waves and understanding how to detect and transmit them.
Where was the heaviest A single filmed?	"Nothing" is the first single by English rock band A released from their album Hi-Fi Serious. It reached number nine in the UK Singles Chart; to date, A's highest charting single. During the promotion of the single, the band appeared on Top of The Pops and the Pepsi Chart Show. The promotional video for Nothing was filmed in Cape Town, South Africa, mostly around the Artscape Theatre Centre formerly known as the Nico Malan theatre complex, and features extras dressed in the same clothes as each band member - complete with band member masks - to create the illusion that there are hundreds of duplicates of the band. "Nothing" is arguably the heaviest A single, marking something of a departure from the band's usual melodic pop punk to nu metal. It is track 1 on the album Hi-Fi Serious. A live version appears on the live album, Rockin' Like Dokken.	A's first hit single Nothing was filmed in Cape Town, South Africa.	closed_qa	### Question: Where was the heaviest A single filmed?### Answer: A's first hit single Nothing was filmed in Cape Town, South Africa.
Why does treasury bond price drop when bond yield increases?	null	First, let's see the definition of a bond's price and yield. A bond's price is what investors are willing to pay for an existing bond. A bond's yield is the return to an investor from the bond's interest, or coupon, payments. The typical treasury bond has a fixed yield for X years (X = 5, 10, etc) from the time it is purchased. When we say bond yield increases, it is referring to the newly issued bond will have a higher yield than previously issued bond. Because those new bonds provide higher yield, the existing bonds will need to drop its price otherwise people won't buy them, they would just buy the newly issued bonds.	open_qa	### Question: Why does treasury bond price drop when bond yield increases?### Answer: First, let's see the definition of a bond's price and yield. A bond's price is what investors are willing to pay for an existing bond. A bond's yield is the return to an investor from the bond's interest, or coupon, payments. The typical treasury bond has a fixed yield for X years (X = 5, 10, etc) from the time it is purchased. When we say bond yield increases, it is referring to the newly issued bond will have a higher yield than previously issued bond. Because those new bonds provide higher yield, the existing bonds will need to drop its price otherwise people won't buy them, they would just buy the newly issued bonds.
What is a noun?	null	A noun is a word that is used to identify a person, place, or thing.	open_qa	### Question: What is a noun?### Answer: A noun is a word that is used to identify a person, place, or thing.
Should I buy a gravel bike or a down country mountain bike?	null	Although there is reasonable overlap in what you can use gravel and downcountry bikes for, the answer her largely depends on what you plan to do the most of and if trail riding will be important for you. Gravel bikes are great for covering offroad miles more efficiently and long days in the saddle both on road or offroad. However, the lack of any meaningful suspension means that or but a small amount of time off paths and more established trails will be hard work. Downcountry bikes will enable you to go on a wider range of terrain, inlcuding the ability to do trail riding (be very careful before trying to navigate downhill trails on a gravel bike!). However, downcountry bikes are usually heavier but the full suspension and geometry makes them less efficient compared to a gravel bike.	general_qa	### Question: Should I buy a gravel bike or a down country mountain bike?### Answer: Although there is reasonable overlap in what you can use gravel and downcountry bikes for, the answer her largely depends on what you plan to do the most of and if trail riding will be important for you. Gravel bikes are great for covering offroad miles more efficiently and long days in the saddle both on road or offroad. However, the lack of any meaningful suspension means that or but a small amount of time off paths and more established trails will be hard work. Downcountry bikes will enable you to go on a wider range of terrain, inlcuding the ability to do trail riding (be very careful before trying to navigate downhill trails on a gravel bike!). However, downcountry bikes are usually heavier but the full suspension and geometry makes them less efficient compared to a gravel bike.
Given a reference text about a singer, tell me when they debuted, what their first release was, and what their most popular song is.	Lee Ji-eun (Korean: 이지은; born May 16, 1993), also known by her stage name IU (Korean: 아이유), is a South Korean singer-songwriter, record producer, and actress. She signed with LOEN Entertainment (now Kakao Entertainment) in 2007 as a trainee and debuted as a singer at the age of fifteen with her first extended play (EP) Lost and Found (2008). Although her follow-up albums, Growing Up and IU...IM, brought mainstream success, it was only after the release of "Good Day" (Korean: 좋은 날), the lead single from her 2010 album Real, that she achieved national stardom. "Good Day" went on to spend five consecutive weeks at the top of South Korea's Gaon Digital Chart, and in 2019, it was ranked number one on Billboard's "100 Greatest K-Pop Songs of the 2010s" list. Lost and Found is the debut extended play (EP) by South Korean singer-songwriter IU. It was released by LOEN Entertainment on September 23, 2008. IU collaborated with lyricist and producer Choi Gap-won, who had previously produced songs including "Amnesia" by Gummy, "Incurable Disease" by Wheesung, and "Toc Toc Toc" by Lee Hyori. Lee Jong-hoon of Soul-Shop and the singer Mario additionally worked on the title song, "Lost Child".	The singer Lee Ji-eun, or better known as IU, debuted on September 23, 2008 with her first extended play "Lost and Found". Her most popular song is "Good Day" from her 2010 album "Real" which was ranked number one on Billboard's "100 Greatest K-Pop Songs of the 2010s" list.	closed_qa	### Question: Given a reference text about a singer, tell me when they debuted, what their first release was, and what their most popular song is.### Answer: The singer Lee Ji-eun, or better known as IU, debuted on September 23, 2008 with her first extended play "Lost and Found". Her most popular song is "Good Day" from her 2010 album "Real" which was ranked number one on Billboard's "100 Greatest K-Pop Songs of the 2010s" list.
why is context switching bad for computer performance?	null	context switching, which occurs when a process is paused by the cpu and another process starts running can affect performance of a computer systems for a couple of reasons. The act of switching the context is not in itself very time consuming. The real performance hit comes from the fact that different processes have different virtual memory address spaces so all the caches in the system need to be invalidated and flushed. Since there is such a huge difference in how fast a cpu can run compared to how fast instructions and data can be retrieved from main memory, these things are cached close to the cpu in onboard caches. Even a pointer to a mapping of virtual addresses to physical addresses are cached so that memory access is faster. When a new process gets loaded by the cpu with a different address space and mapping of virtual to physical addresses, all of the data in the caches is invalid and needs to be flushed. This leaves the cpu with empty caches that have to be rebuilt from scratch for the new process, meaning there will be a big slowdown in retrieving instructions and data since these will now be coming from main memory, which is much slower than the cpu's cache.	open_qa	### Question: why is context switching bad for computer performance?### Answer: context switching, which occurs when a process is paused by the cpu and another process starts running can affect performance of a computer systems for a couple of reasons. The act of switching the context is not in itself very time consuming. The real performance hit comes from the fact that different processes have different virtual memory address spaces so all the caches in the system need to be invalidated and flushed. Since there is such a huge difference in how fast a cpu can run compared to how fast instructions and data can be retrieved from main memory, these things are cached close to the cpu in onboard caches. Even a pointer to a mapping of virtual addresses to physical addresses are cached so that memory access is faster. When a new process gets loaded by the cpu with a different address space and mapping of virtual to physical addresses, all of the data in the caches is invalid and needs to be flushed. This leaves the cpu with empty caches that have to be rebuilt from scratch for the new process, meaning there will be a big slowdown in retrieving instructions and data since these will now be coming from main memory, which is much slower than the cpu's cache.
What is industrial espionage?	null	Industrial espionage, economic espionage, corporate spying, or corporate espionage is a form of espionage conducted for commercial purposes instead of purely national security. While political espionage is conducted or orchestrated by governments and is international in scope, industrial or corporate espionage is more often national and occurs between companies or corporations.	open_qa	### Question: What is industrial espionage?### Answer: Industrial espionage, economic espionage, corporate spying, or corporate espionage is a form of espionage conducted for commercial purposes instead of purely national security. While political espionage is conducted or orchestrated by governments and is international in scope, industrial or corporate espionage is more often national and occurs between companies or corporations.
Is a vitamin d supplement good for you?	null	When taken on a regular basis Vitamin D helps support immune health and cellular activity. It has also been show to support cardiovascular function is some people and can reduce your risk for multiple sclerosis. You can also get Vitamin D by spending plenty of time in sun. You can absorb Vitamin D from a healthy dose of sunshine through your skin too.	open_qa	### Question: Is a vitamin d supplement good for you?### Answer: When taken on a regular basis Vitamin D helps support immune health and cellular activity. It has also been show to support cardiovascular function is some people and can reduce your risk for multiple sclerosis. You can also get Vitamin D by spending plenty of time in sun. You can absorb Vitamin D from a healthy dose of sunshine through your skin too.
Given this paragraph on French Revolution, what were the main causes	The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, while the values and institutions it created remain central to French political discourse. Its causes are generally agreed to be a combination of social, political and economic factors, which the Ancien Régime proved unable to manage. In May 1789, widespread social distress led to the convocation of the Estates General, which was converted into a National Assembly in June. Continuing unrest culminated in the Storming of the Bastille on 14 July, which led to a series of radical measures by the Assembly, including the abolition of feudalism, the imposition of state control over the Catholic Church in France, and extension of the right to vote.	The causes were multiple, including social, politic, and economic factors.	closed_qa	### Question: Given this paragraph on French Revolution, what were the main causes### Answer: The causes were multiple, including social, politic, and economic factors.
What is data denormalization in data warehouse?	null	Denormalize the data, which means adding redundant columns to some dimension tables to make querying and working with the data faster and easier. The purpose is to trade some redundancy (duplication of data) in the data model for increased query speed, by avoiding computationally expensive join operations.	open_qa	### Question: What is data denormalization in data warehouse?### Answer: Denormalize the data, which means adding redundant columns to some dimension tables to make querying and working with the data faster and easier. The purpose is to trade some redundancy (duplication of data) in the data model for increased query speed, by avoiding computationally expensive join operations.
What does the "E" stand for in Chuck E. Cheese?	null	The "E" stands for "Entertainment"	open_qa	### Question: What does the "E" stand for in Chuck E. Cheese?### Answer: The "E" stands for "Entertainment"
A farmer is on his way to market. He's going to sell a wolf, a goat, and a cabbage. On the way, he comes to a river crossing. The river is too wide to ford, so he has to take a tiny boat across. The boat is so small that he can take at most one of the three items with him in the boat at a time. Left alone, the wolf would devour the goat, and the goat would devour the cabbage. How can the farmer safely transport all three items across the river?	null	The wolf and the cabbage can be left together with no risk to either. So the farmer first takes the goat across. He returns to the near side, retrieves the cabbage, then takes it across to the far side. Then he returns to the near side with the goat. At the near side, he leaves the goat and takes the wolf to the far side, leaving the wolf with the cabbage. Finally, he returns to the near side to take the goat across for a second time. Problem solved!	general_qa	### Question: A farmer is on his way to market. He's going to sell a wolf, a goat, and a cabbage. On the way, he comes to a river crossing. The river is too wide to ford, so he has to take a tiny boat across. The boat is so small that he can take at most one of the three items with him in the boat at a time. Left alone, the wolf would devour the goat, and the goat would devour the cabbage. How can the farmer safely transport all three items across the river?### Answer: The wolf and the cabbage can be left together with no risk to either. So the farmer first takes the goat across. He returns to the near side, retrieves the cabbage, then takes it across to the far side. Then he returns to the near side with the goat. At the near side, he leaves the goat and takes the wolf to the far side, leaving the wolf with the cabbage. Finally, he returns to the near side to take the goat across for a second time. Problem solved!
What type of babies did Regalado say Jiankui was making?	On 25 November 2018, Regalado posted on MIT Technology Review website that He Jiankui was making CRIPSR babies. As it was publicised, He was prompted to announce his experiment and posted the news of the birth of twins, nicknamed Lulu and Nana, on YouTube in five videos the same day. He formally presented the experiment at the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing organized at the University of Hong Kong on 28 November 2018. He explained that the experiment was to make the babies resistant to HIV infection as they were (as embryos) obtained from an HIV-positive father. He specifically used a mutant gene named CCR5-Δ32 that is known to confer innate resistance to HIV. The twins were born in secrecy in October 2018, and a third baby (revealed in 2022 as Amy) was then almost born, as He reported.	Regalado said that Jiankui was making CRIPSR babies.	closed_qa	### Question: What type of babies did Regalado say Jiankui was making?### Answer: Regalado said that Jiankui was making CRIPSR babies.
Given a reference text about Larissa Ilinichna Volpert, tell me what game she played, when she was champion, and what titles she earned.	Larissa Ilinichna Volpert (Russian: Лариса Ильинична Вольперт; 30 March 1926 – 1 October 2017) was a Soviet chess Woman Grandmaster and Russian and Estonian philologist. She was a three time Soviet women's chess champion (1954, 1958, and 1959). Life Born in Leningrad, she learned chess from her older brother and received chess instruction at the Leningrad Pioneers Palace. In 1947, she tied for first at the Leningrad Women's Championship. She played her first USSR Women's Championship in 1949 and finished equal fifth. In 1954, she won her first USSR Women's Championship. She scored 2–0 against Nina Hrušková-Bělská in the 1954 USSR v. Czechoslovakia match. In 1958 she shared the USSR Women's Championship title, and in 1959 she won for the third time, her second outright victory. Volpert earned the Woman International Master title in 1954 and the Woman Grandmaster title in 1978. She had a degree in philology from Leningrad University and since 1977 taught Russian philology at the University of Tartu, Estonia. Her major works are about Pushkin's and Lermontov's poetry, especially in their connections to French literature. She died at the age of 91 on 1 October 2017.[3	Larissa Ilinichna Volpert played chess and was the Soviet women's chess champion in 1954, 1958 and 1959. She earned the titles of Woman International Master and Woman Grandmaster for her accomplishments in the game of chess.	closed_qa	### Question: Given a reference text about Larissa Ilinichna Volpert, tell me what game she played, when she was champion, and what titles she earned.### Answer: Larissa Ilinichna Volpert played chess and was the Soviet women's chess champion in 1954, 1958 and 1959. She earned the titles of Woman International Master and Woman Grandmaster for her accomplishments in the game of chess.
Name some famous 20th century Russian composers.	null	Sergei Rachmaninoff, Sergei Prokofiev, Dmitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov	open_qa	### Question: Name some famous 20th century Russian composers.### Answer: Sergei Rachmaninoff, Sergei Prokofiev, Dmitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
What countries are regarded as Nordic?	null	Nordic countries can be found in Northern Europe. It includes Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Iceland.	open_qa	### Question: What countries are regarded as Nordic?### Answer: Nordic countries can be found in Northern Europe. It includes Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Iceland.
Why to people lift their trucks?	null	When people talk about "lifting" their trucks, they are referring to increasing the height and ground clearance through modification to the suspension of the vehicle. Most often this is in reference to pick-up trucks, as those vehicles come from the manufacturer with the front of the vehicle at a lower height than the rear. Know as a "rake", this is intended to allow the vehicle to ride at a level height even when carrying significant weight in the truck bed or towing heavy trailers. There are various methods for lifting a vehicle that range from inexpensive spacers to elevate factory springs to more comprehensive systems replacing multiple suspension elements with new, purpose-built components. People often prefer to lift their truck for the aesthetic appeal as well as improved ground clearance and performance when driving off-road.	open_qa	### Question: Why to people lift their trucks?### Answer: When people talk about "lifting" their trucks, they are referring to increasing the height and ground clearance through modification to the suspension of the vehicle. Most often this is in reference to pick-up trucks, as those vehicles come from the manufacturer with the front of the vehicle at a lower height than the rear. Know as a "rake", this is intended to allow the vehicle to ride at a level height even when carrying significant weight in the truck bed or towing heavy trailers. There are various methods for lifting a vehicle that range from inexpensive spacers to elevate factory springs to more comprehensive systems replacing multiple suspension elements with new, purpose-built components. People often prefer to lift their truck for the aesthetic appeal as well as improved ground clearance and performance when driving off-road.
Should a human be happy all the time?	null	Answer 1: Happiness is not only subjective but also temporal - what brought you joy 2 years ago might be boring/unpleasant now. So, instead of optimizing for happiness at a given time, it might actually be better to realize what makes us feel down or not content and avoid them. By avoiding such circumstances/conditions, we can be content and maybe that's what need in life: not strive to be happy all the time but avoid what we truly don't like so that happiness takes care of its own. Answer 2: Yes! Life is too short to get caught in dull moments so a human needs to optimize for maximum happiness. The definition of happiness differs and that's ok; we all live once and we should spend our time looking for new things that make us happier. Answer 3: No. Most meaningful lessons in life are learned in situations when we're not particularly happy: Loss of a close person, financial break downs, unexpected health conditions. Getting through these hard times is actually makes a person stronger and more prepared for other calamities in life. We should not strive to be happy "all the time" - instead we should take things as they come. In life, there is a need for moments of discontent as well as a need for moments of joy.	general_qa	### Question: Should a human be happy all the time?### Answer: Answer 1: Happiness is not only subjective but also temporal - what brought you joy 2 years ago might be boring/unpleasant now. So, instead of optimizing for happiness at a given time, it might actually be better to realize what makes us feel down or not content and avoid them. By avoiding such circumstances/conditions, we can be content and maybe that's what need in life: not strive to be happy all the time but avoid what we truly don't like so that happiness takes care of its own. Answer 2: Yes! Life is too short to get caught in dull moments so a human needs to optimize for maximum happiness. The definition of happiness differs and that's ok; we all live once and we should spend our time looking for new things that make us happier. Answer 3: No. Most meaningful lessons in life are learned in situations when we're not particularly happy: Loss of a close person, financial break downs, unexpected health conditions. Getting through these hard times is actually makes a person stronger and more prepared for other calamities in life. We should not strive to be happy "all the time" - instead we should take things as they come. In life, there is a need for moments of discontent as well as a need for moments of joy.
Why do people shake hands?	null	In many cultures shaking hands is used as a form of greeting as well as a sign to ratify when an agreement was reached. It's believed people started shaking hands as a way to demonstrate they don't hold weapons in their right hand and that they mean well. Traditionally handshake is performed with right hands, sometimes right hand is supported by the left hand to convey extra respect.	general_qa	### Question: Why do people shake hands?### Answer: In many cultures shaking hands is used as a form of greeting as well as a sign to ratify when an agreement was reached. It's believed people started shaking hands as a way to demonstrate they don't hold weapons in their right hand and that they mean well. Traditionally handshake is performed with right hands, sometimes right hand is supported by the left hand to convey extra respect.
Why is the Chernobyl disaster considered to be the world's worst-ever civil nuclear incident when only an excess of 15 childhood thyroid cancer deaths were documented as of 2011?	The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the No. 4 reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, near the city of Pripyat in the north of the Ukrainian SSR in the Soviet Union. Called the world's worst-ever civil nuclear incident, it is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity—on the International Nuclear Event Scale, the other being the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. The initial emergency response, together with later decontamination of the environment, involved more than 500,000 personnel and cost an estimated 18 billion roubles—roughly US$68 billion in 2019, adjusted for inflation. Chernobyl's health effects to the general population are uncertain. An excess of 15 childhood thyroid cancer deaths were documented as of 2011. A United Nations committee found that to date fewer than 100 deaths have resulted from the fallout. Determining the total eventual number of exposure related deaths is uncertain based on the linear no-threshold model, a contested statistical model. Model predictions of the eventual total death toll in the coming decades vary. The most widely cited studies by the World Health Organization predict an eventual 9,000 cancer related fatalities in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia.	The Chernobyl disaster was called the world's worst-ever civil nuclear incident because it is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity—on the International Nuclear Event Scale. The initial emergency response, together with later decontamination of the environment, involved more than 500,000 personnel and cost an estimated 18 billion roubles—roughly US$68 billion in 2019, adjusted for inflation. Even though Chernobyl's health effects to the general population are uncertain, the World Health Organization predict an eventual 9,000 cancer related fatalities in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia.	closed_qa	### Question: Why is the Chernobyl disaster considered to be the world's worst-ever civil nuclear incident when only an excess of 15 childhood thyroid cancer deaths were documented as of 2011?### Answer: The Chernobyl disaster was called the world's worst-ever civil nuclear incident because it is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity—on the International Nuclear Event Scale. The initial emergency response, together with later decontamination of the environment, involved more than 500,000 personnel and cost an estimated 18 billion roubles—roughly US$68 billion in 2019, adjusted for inflation. Even though Chernobyl's health effects to the general population are uncertain, the World Health Organization predict an eventual 9,000 cancer related fatalities in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia.
What are the biggest marathons?	null	There are hundreds of marathons around the globe every year. Only 6 marathons are designated as the major marathons. Those include the Tokyo Marathon, Boston Marathon, London Marathon, Berlin Marathon, Chicago Marathon and New York City Marathon.	open_qa	### Question: What are the biggest marathons?### Answer: There are hundreds of marathons around the globe every year. Only 6 marathons are designated as the major marathons. Those include the Tokyo Marathon, Boston Marathon, London Marathon, Berlin Marathon, Chicago Marathon and New York City Marathon.
Given this text of Mao Zedong, tell me how many people were killed in Mao's era through starvation, persecution, prison labour, and mass executions?	Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which he led as the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from the establishment of the PRC in 1949 until his death in 1976. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist, his theories, military strategies, and political policies are collectively known as Maoism. Mao was the son of a prosperous peasant in Shaoshan, Hunan. He supported Chinese nationalism and had an anti-imperialist outlook early in his life, and was particularly influenced by the events of the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and May Fourth Movement of 1919. He later adopted Marxism–Leninism while working at Peking University as a librarian and became a founding member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), leading the Autumn Harvest Uprising in 1927. During the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang (KMT) and the CCP, Mao helped to found the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, led the Jiangxi Soviet's radical land reform policies, and ultimately became head of the CCP during the Long March. Although the CCP temporarily allied with the KMT under the Second United Front during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), China's civil war resumed after Japan's surrender, and Mao's forces defeated the Nationalist government, which withdrew to Taiwan in 1949. On 1 October 1949, Mao proclaimed the foundation of the PRC, a Marxist–Leninist single-party state controlled by the CCP. In the following years he solidified his control through the Chinese Land Reform against landlords, the Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries, the "Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns", and through a truce in the Korean War, which altogether resulted in the deaths of several million Chinese. From 1953 to 1958, Mao played an important role in enforcing command economy in China, constructing the first Constitution of the PRC, launching the industrialisation program, and initiating military projects such as the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" project and Project 523. His foreign policies during this time were dominated by the Sino-Soviet split which drove a wedge between China and the Soviet Union. In 1955, Mao launched the Sufan movement, and in 1957 he launched the Anti-Rightist Campaign, in which at least 550,000 people, mostly intellectuals and dissidents, were persecuted. In 1958, he launched the Great Leap Forward that aimed to rapidly transform China's economy from agrarian to industrial, which led to the deadliest famine in history and the deaths of 15–55 million people between 1958 and 1962. In 1963, Mao launched the Socialist Education Movement, and in 1966 he initiated the Cultural Revolution, a program to remove "counter-revolutionary" elements in Chinese society which lasted 10 years and was marked by violent class struggle, widespread destruction of cultural artifacts, and an unprecedented elevation of Mao's cult of personality. Tens of millions of people were persecuted during the Revolution, while the estimated number of deaths ranges from hundreds of thousands to millions. After years of ill health, Mao suffered a series of heart attacks in 1976 and died at the age of 82. During the Mao era, China's population grew from around 550 million to over 900 million while the government did not strictly enforce its family planning policy. Widely regarded as one of the most influential figures of the twentieth century, Mao remains a controversial figure within and outside China. Beyond politics, Mao is also known as a theorist, military strategist, and poet. Mao has been credited with transforming China from a semi-colony to a leading world power, with greatly advanced literacy, women's rights, basic healthcare, primary education and life expectancy. However, Mao's government was responsible for vast numbers of deaths, with estimates ranging from 40 to 80 million victims through starvation, persecution, prison labour, and mass executions. During his leadership tenure, China was heavily involved with other Asian communist conflicts such as the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Cambodian Civil War.	Mao's government was responsible for vast numbers of deaths, with estimates ranging from 40 to 80 million victims through starvation, persecution, prison labour, and mass executions.	closed_qa	### Question: Given this text of Mao Zedong, tell me how many people were killed in Mao's era through starvation, persecution, prison labour, and mass executions?### Answer: Mao's government was responsible for vast numbers of deaths, with estimates ranging from 40 to 80 million victims through starvation, persecution, prison labour, and mass executions.
Why is the 1980 gold medal match in hockey called the 'Miracle on Ice'?	null	The US Olympic hockey team was a heavy underdog against the Soviets in 1980, and their victory over the Soviets was a surprise to nearly everyone. As the game concluded, Al Michaels, the play-by-play announcer for the game, exclaimed "Do you believe in miracles? Yes!', and because many people around the world watched the game on television, the game became known as the 'Miracle on Ice'.	open_qa	### Question: Why is the 1980 gold medal match in hockey called the 'Miracle on Ice'?### Answer: The US Olympic hockey team was a heavy underdog against the Soviets in 1980, and their victory over the Soviets was a surprise to nearly everyone. As the game concluded, Al Michaels, the play-by-play announcer for the game, exclaimed "Do you believe in miracles? Yes!', and because many people around the world watched the game on television, the game became known as the 'Miracle on Ice'.
Which NFL teams have gone to the Super Bowl only once and won?	null	New Orleans Saints and New York Jets	open_qa	### Question: Which NFL teams have gone to the Super Bowl only once and won?### Answer: New Orleans Saints and New York Jets
What is non dual philosophy?	null	The word non dual refers to things or experiences that happen to us which has the characteristics of uniformity. As an example in daily life we see or experience highs and lows, haves and have nots that result in emotions or feelings of happiness or sadness. The concept of non duality is to go deep within and understand that everything is temporary, and experience things before human thought labels each experience as good or bad.	general_qa	### Question: What is non dual philosophy?### Answer: The word non dual refers to things or experiences that happen to us which has the characteristics of uniformity. As an example in daily life we see or experience highs and lows, haves and have nots that result in emotions or feelings of happiness or sadness. The concept of non duality is to go deep within and understand that everything is temporary, and experience things before human thought labels each experience as good or bad.
What is a reporting dashboard?	null	A reporting dashboard is a way to show business metrics and business insights based on business data. It enables high level leadership and management to make and implement decisions that have a positive affect on a Company's revenue. These benefits include both added revenue and stopping lost revenue. Data Analyst work with Data Engineers to develop these dashboards and reporting.	open_qa	### Question: What is a reporting dashboard?### Answer: A reporting dashboard is a way to show business metrics and business insights based on business data. It enables high level leadership and management to make and implement decisions that have a positive affect on a Company's revenue. These benefits include both added revenue and stopping lost revenue. Data Analyst work with Data Engineers to develop these dashboards and reporting.