ethansimrm/wmt22_biomed_test · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Recalcitrant auricular keloids are keloids that have recurred after any previous treatment.
They have been shown to have an increased likelihood of recurrence.
There is no consensus on how best to treat recalcitrant auricular keloids.
Here, we perform the first systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the evidence for treating recalcitrant auricular keloids.
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and EBM Reviews using specific keywords.
Prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to assess article eligibility.
Data were extracted for number of recalcitrant keloids, treatment modality, recurrence, and minimum follow-up time.
Included articles were stratified by treatment and assigned a level of evidence (LOE) based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate recurrence rates with 95% confidence intervals for each treatment modality.
A total of 887 unique articles were identified and 13 included.
Eleven were LOE III and 2 were LOE IV.
Recurrence rates were found to be 9% (95% CI: 3%-25%) for excision with adjuvant brachytherapy, 14% (95% CI: 12%-17%) for excision with adjuvant compression therapy, 17% (95% CI: 3%-56%) for excision with adjuvant external beam radiation, and 18% (95% CI: 4%-53%) for excision with adjuvant steroid injections.
No statistical significant difference was found.
Data for treatment of auricular keloids are heterogeneous with few high-quality studies.
Excision with adjuvant brachytherapy has the lowest recurrence rate in our analysis.
Narrow confidence intervals reported here for brachytherapy and compression therapy may help surgeons more confidently recommend either of these treatment modalities to patients.
-
Objectives:
To test the efficacy of calorie labelling for alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages on restaurant menus on noticing calorie information, calorie knowledge, and perceived and actual influence on hypothetical beverage orders.
Participants included upper-level university students of legal drinking age residing in Ontario, Canada (n = 283).
Methods:
Using a between-groups experiment, participants were randomized to view one of two menus: (1) No Calorie Information (control), and (2) Calorie Information adjacent to each beverage.
Participants completed a hypothetical ordering task, and measures related to noticing calorie information, calorie knowledge, and actual and perceived influence of calorie information on beverages ordered were assessed.
Linear, logistic, and multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the four outcomes.
The odds of noticing calorie information were significantly higher in the Calorie Information (72.6%) versus No Calorie Information condition (8.0%) (OR = 43.7, 95% CI: 16.8, 113.8).
Results:
Compared to those in the No Calorie Information condition, participants in the Calorie Information condition had significantly lower odds of responding 'Don't know' (OR = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.09), underestimating (OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.2), and overestimating (OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.2) versus accurately estimating calories in beverages ordered.
No significant differences were observed between menu labelling conditions in the calories in beverages ordered or the perceived influence of calorie information on the number of beverages ordered.
Exposure to menus with calorie information increased consumers noticing the calorie information, and accurately estimating calories in alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages ordered.
Conclusion:
Background:
Nosocomial meticillin-resistant (MR) staphylococcal infections are of global concern.
Veterinary dermatology exam room surfaces may be a reservoir given the commonness of staphylococcal pyoderma.
Hypothesis/objectives:
First, efficacy of exam room surface decontamination using a quaternary ammonium compound was assessed after use of two different cleaning instruction protocols.
Second, coagulase-positive staphylococcal (CoPS) colony counts were assessed after use of rooms by dogs with pyoderma, and then after cleaning and disinfection.
Methods and materials:
In Part I, 10 room surfaces were tagged with a discreet fluorescent dye, Glo Germ, to assess the efficacy of surface cleaning between two Virex II 256-based cleaning protocols.
In Part II, CoPS colonies were quantified via 3M Staph Express System.
Ten standardised room surfaces were sampled after use by a dog with staphylococcal pyoderma, and immediately after a detailed cleaning and disinfection protocol.
Results:
A total of 24 of 100 and 81 of 100 surfaces were completely cleaned by the general and detailed protocols, respectively.
The mean number of surfaces adequately cleaned was higher with the detailed protocol (P = 0.003).
The detailed protocol reduced CoPS colony counts of eight surfaces (P < 0.01), and not chairs (P = 0.055).
No CoPS were isolated from the exam table under a table mat.
Conclusions and clinical relevance:
Detailed exam room cleaning and disinfection protocols are recommended to minimise contamination of veterinary exam room surfaces with staphylococci.
The appropriate disinfection of chairs necessitates further study.
There is substantial evidence showing that medical student wellness is a worsening problem in Canada. It is apparent that medical students' wellness deteriorates throughout their training.
Medical schools and their governing bodies are responding by integrating wellness into competency frameworks and accreditation standards through a combination of system- and individual-level approaches.
System-level strategies that consider how policies, medical culture, and the 'hidden curriculum' impact student wellness, are essential for reducing burnout prevalence and achieving optimal wellness outcomes.
Individual-level initiatives such as wellness programming are widespread and more commonly used.
These are often didactic, placing the onus on the student without addressing the learning environment.
Despite significant progress, there is little programming consistency across schools or training levels.
There is no wellness curriculum framework for Canadian undergraduate medical education that aligns with residency competencies.
Creating such a framework would help align individual- and system-level initiatives and smooth the transition from medical school to residency.
The framework would organize goals within relevant wellness domains, allow for local adaptability, consider basic learner needs, and be learner-informed.
Physicians whose wellness has been supported throughout their training will positively contribute to the quality of patient care, work environments, and in sustaining a healthy Canadian population.
Identification and characterisation of mosquitoes from different locations in Qatar in 2017-2019
Mosquito-borne infections have considerable consequences for public health.
The mere presence of a single case of vector-borne disease (VBD) introduces a risk to the local community particularly when associated with the compatible vector, host, and suitable environmental factors.
Presently, there is no well-established vector control and surveillance programme in Qatar; therefore, the likelihood of VBDs spreading is undetermined.
As a result, there is a pressing need to address this gap and enable successful management of VBDs.
This study presents the results of three consecutive field surveys conducted between 2017 and 2019 with the aim of defining the types and distribution of mosquitoes that are of public health importance in Qatar.
The results of the adult mosquito trappings show that the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus is the most widespread and abundant mosquito species, followed by Cx. perexiguus, both species representing a risk of West Nile virus transmission.
All sampling methods show that the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi is widespread including in urbanised areas, suggesting a risk of local malaria transmission.
The wetland mosquito Aedes caspius is also widespread, representing a risk of Rift Valley fever virus transmission.
The dengue vector Ae. aegypti was not detected and can be considered neither widespread nor abundant, suggesting a minimal risk for local transmission of dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses.
Interestingly, the study detected Culiseta longiareolata for the first time in Qatar.
Regular field studies are needed to further address the knowledge gaps in terms of distribution, ecology, and biting habits of different mosquito species currently present in Qatar to accurately assess the risk of mosquito-borne diseases.
Women with heart disease experience disparities in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of their condition.
However, it is unknown whether these sex differences exist with respect to in-hospital patient experience.
We examined the comprehensive experience of patients hospitalized due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) across Alberta, Canada, according to sex.
Patients completed a modified version of the Canadian Patient Experiences Survey-Inpatient Care (CPES-IC) within 6 weeks of discharge.
We examined 37 questions, including 33 regarding specific care processes and 4 global rating scales.
Survey responses were reported as raw 'top-box' percentages, that is, the most-positive answer choice to each question.
Odds and corresponding 95% confidence intervals of women reporting a top-box response were then calculated for each question, while controlling for demographic and clinical factors.
From April 2014 to March 2020, a total of 5795 surveys (1612 women, 4183 men) were completed.
Taking the survey margin of error into account, women had lower top-box percentages on 26 of 37 questions.
Similar results were obtained for the adjusted odds of reporting a top-box response.
Women did not have a higher percentage of top-box responses on any of the questions studied.
This study is a Canadian first, which stratified the experiences of hospitalized patients living with ischemic heart disease according to sex.
Our results highlighted important sex differences.
Future research to understand the mechanisms associated with these observed sex differences in patient-reported experiences is warranted.
-
Objective:
Integrated surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial use (AMU) across One Health sectors is critically important for effective, evidence-based policy, stewardship, and control of AMR.
Our objective was to evaluate progress towards achieving comprehensive, integrated AMR/AMU surveillance in Canada.
Materials and methods:
Based on an environmental scan, interviews of subject matter experts, and reports from the 2014 National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases and the 2016 Canadian Council of Chief Veterinary Officers, we identified 8 core surveillance requirements and their specific components; the latter were assessed using a 2-way classification matrix, with 7 common elements ranked according to development stage.
Results:
Components that mapped to requirements of a comprehensive, fully integrated AMR/AMU surveillance system were mostly in the lowest stages of development (Exploration or Program Adoption).
However, both the establishment of the Canadian AMR Surveillance System integrated reporting and expansion of existing components under the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program and the Canadian Integrated Program for AMR Surveillance are improvements.
Regardless, obvious gaps in Canadian AMR/AMU surveillance prevent this from being a comprehensive and integrated One Health program.
Conclusion:
Action is needed in 3 crucial areas: i) development of a complete, integrated AMR/AMU surveillance program, based on current success; ii) changes in Federal/Provincial/Territorial policies to require standardized AMR/AMU reporting; and iii) more resources for AMR/AMU surveillance (dedicated persons, funding, and enabling structures and policy).
-
Purpose:
Legitimate opioid prescriptions can increase the risk of misuse, addiction, and overdose of opioids in children and adolescents.
This study aimed to describe the prescribing patterns of discharge opioid analgesics following inpatient visits and to determine patient and prescriber characteristics that are associated with prolonged opioid prescription.
Methods:

Recalcitrant auricular keloids are keloids that have recurred after any previous treatment.

They have been shown to have an increased likelihood of recurrence.

There is no consensus on how best to treat recalcitrant auricular keloids.

Here, we perform the first systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the evidence for treating recalcitrant auricular keloids.

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and EBM Reviews using specific keywords.

Prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to assess article eligibility.

Data were extracted for number of recalcitrant keloids, treatment modality, recurrence, and minimum follow-up time.

Included articles were stratified by treatment and assigned a level of evidence (LOE) based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate recurrence rates with 95% confidence intervals for each treatment modality.

A total of 887 unique articles were identified and 13 included.

Eleven were LOE III and 2 were LOE IV.

Recurrence rates were found to be 9% (95% CI: 3%-25%) for excision with adjuvant brachytherapy, 14% (95% CI: 12%-17%) for excision with adjuvant compression therapy, 17% (95% CI: 3%-56%) for excision with adjuvant external beam radiation, and 18% (95% CI: 4%-53%) for excision with adjuvant steroid injections.

No statistical significant difference was found.

Data for treatment of auricular keloids are heterogeneous with few high-quality studies.

Excision with adjuvant brachytherapy has the lowest recurrence rate in our analysis.

Narrow confidence intervals reported here for brachytherapy and compression therapy may help surgeons more confidently recommend either of these treatment modalities to patients.

-

Objectives:

To test the efficacy of calorie labelling for alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages on restaurant menus on noticing calorie information, calorie knowledge, and perceived and actual influence on hypothetical beverage orders.

Participants included upper-level university students of legal drinking age residing in Ontario, Canada (n = 283).

Methods:

Using a between-groups experiment, participants were randomized to view one of two menus: (1) No Calorie Information (control), and (2) Calorie Information adjacent to each beverage.

Participants completed a hypothetical ordering task, and measures related to noticing calorie information, calorie knowledge, and actual and perceived influence of calorie information on beverages ordered were assessed.

Linear, logistic, and multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the four outcomes.

The odds of noticing calorie information were significantly higher in the Calorie Information (72.6%) versus No Calorie Information condition (8.0%) (OR = 43.7, 95% CI: 16.8, 113.8).

Results:

Compared to those in the No Calorie Information condition, participants in the Calorie Information condition had significantly lower odds of responding 'Don't know' (OR = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.09), underestimating (OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.2), and overestimating (OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.2) versus accurately estimating calories in beverages ordered.

No significant differences were observed between menu labelling conditions in the calories in beverages ordered or the perceived influence of calorie information on the number of beverages ordered.

Exposure to menus with calorie information increased consumers noticing the calorie information, and accurately estimating calories in alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages ordered.

Conclusion:

Background:

Nosocomial meticillin-resistant (MR) staphylococcal infections are of global concern.

Veterinary dermatology exam room surfaces may be a reservoir given the commonness of staphylococcal pyoderma.

Hypothesis/objectives:

First, efficacy of exam room surface decontamination using a quaternary ammonium compound was assessed after use of two different cleaning instruction protocols.

Second, coagulase-positive staphylococcal (CoPS) colony counts were assessed after use of rooms by dogs with pyoderma, and then after cleaning and disinfection.

Methods and materials:

In Part I, 10 room surfaces were tagged with a discreet fluorescent dye, Glo Germ, to assess the efficacy of surface cleaning between two Virex II 256-based cleaning protocols.

In Part II, CoPS colonies were quantified via 3M Staph Express System.

Ten standardised room surfaces were sampled after use by a dog with staphylococcal pyoderma, and immediately after a detailed cleaning and disinfection protocol.

Results:

A total of 24 of 100 and 81 of 100 surfaces were completely cleaned by the general and detailed protocols, respectively.

The mean number of surfaces adequately cleaned was higher with the detailed protocol (P = 0.003).

The detailed protocol reduced CoPS colony counts of eight surfaces (P < 0.01), and not chairs (P = 0.055).

No CoPS were isolated from the exam table under a table mat.

Conclusions and clinical relevance:

Detailed exam room cleaning and disinfection protocols are recommended to minimise contamination of veterinary exam room surfaces with staphylococci.

The appropriate disinfection of chairs necessitates further study.

There is substantial evidence showing that medical student wellness is a worsening problem in Canada. It is apparent that medical students' wellness deteriorates throughout their training.

Medical schools and their governing bodies are responding by integrating wellness into competency frameworks and accreditation standards through a combination of system- and individual-level approaches.

System-level strategies that consider how policies, medical culture, and the 'hidden curriculum' impact student wellness, are essential for reducing burnout prevalence and achieving optimal wellness outcomes.

Individual-level initiatives such as wellness programming are widespread and more commonly used.

These are often didactic, placing the onus on the student without addressing the learning environment.

Despite significant progress, there is little programming consistency across schools or training levels.

There is no wellness curriculum framework for Canadian undergraduate medical education that aligns with residency competencies.

Creating such a framework would help align individual- and system-level initiatives and smooth the transition from medical school to residency.

The framework would organize goals within relevant wellness domains, allow for local adaptability, consider basic learner needs, and be learner-informed.

Physicians whose wellness has been supported throughout their training will positively contribute to the quality of patient care, work environments, and in sustaining a healthy Canadian population.

Identification and characterisation of mosquitoes from different locations in Qatar in 2017-2019

Mosquito-borne infections have considerable consequences for public health.

The mere presence of a single case of vector-borne disease (VBD) introduces a risk to the local community particularly when associated with the compatible vector, host, and suitable environmental factors.

Presently, there is no well-established vector control and surveillance programme in Qatar; therefore, the likelihood of VBDs spreading is undetermined.

As a result, there is a pressing need to address this gap and enable successful management of VBDs.

This study presents the results of three consecutive field surveys conducted between 2017 and 2019 with the aim of defining the types and distribution of mosquitoes that are of public health importance in Qatar.

The results of the adult mosquito trappings show that the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus is the most widespread and abundant mosquito species, followed by Cx. perexiguus, both species representing a risk of West Nile virus transmission.

All sampling methods show that the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi is widespread including in urbanised areas, suggesting a risk of local malaria transmission.

The wetland mosquito Aedes caspius is also widespread, representing a risk of Rift Valley fever virus transmission.

The dengue vector Ae. aegypti was not detected and can be considered neither widespread nor abundant, suggesting a minimal risk for local transmission of dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses.

Interestingly, the study detected Culiseta longiareolata for the first time in Qatar.

Regular field studies are needed to further address the knowledge gaps in terms of distribution, ecology, and biting habits of different mosquito species currently present in Qatar to accurately assess the risk of mosquito-borne diseases.

Women with heart disease experience disparities in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of their condition.

However, it is unknown whether these sex differences exist with respect to in-hospital patient experience.

We examined the comprehensive experience of patients hospitalized due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) across Alberta, Canada, according to sex.

Patients completed a modified version of the Canadian Patient Experiences Survey-Inpatient Care (CPES-IC) within 6 weeks of discharge.

We examined 37 questions, including 33 regarding specific care processes and 4 global rating scales.

Survey responses were reported as raw 'top-box' percentages, that is, the most-positive answer choice to each question.

Odds and corresponding 95% confidence intervals of women reporting a top-box response were then calculated for each question, while controlling for demographic and clinical factors.

From April 2014 to March 2020, a total of 5795 surveys (1612 women, 4183 men) were completed.

Taking the survey margin of error into account, women had lower top-box percentages on 26 of 37 questions.

Similar results were obtained for the adjusted odds of reporting a top-box response.

Women did not have a higher percentage of top-box responses on any of the questions studied.

This study is a Canadian first, which stratified the experiences of hospitalized patients living with ischemic heart disease according to sex.

Our results highlighted important sex differences.

Future research to understand the mechanisms associated with these observed sex differences in patient-reported experiences is warranted.

-

Objective:

Integrated surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial use (AMU) across One Health sectors is critically important for effective, evidence-based policy, stewardship, and control of AMR.

Our objective was to evaluate progress towards achieving comprehensive, integrated AMR/AMU surveillance in Canada.

Materials and methods:

Based on an environmental scan, interviews of subject matter experts, and reports from the 2014 National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases and the 2016 Canadian Council of Chief Veterinary Officers, we identified 8 core surveillance requirements and their specific components; the latter were assessed using a 2-way classification matrix, with 7 common elements ranked according to development stage.

Results:

Components that mapped to requirements of a comprehensive, fully integrated AMR/AMU surveillance system were mostly in the lowest stages of development (Exploration or Program Adoption).

However, both the establishment of the Canadian AMR Surveillance System integrated reporting and expansion of existing components under the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program and the Canadian Integrated Program for AMR Surveillance are improvements.

Regardless, obvious gaps in Canadian AMR/AMU surveillance prevent this from being a comprehensive and integrated One Health program.

Conclusion:

Action is needed in 3 crucial areas: i) development of a complete, integrated AMR/AMU surveillance program, based on current success; ii) changes in Federal/Provincial/Territorial policies to require standardized AMR/AMU reporting; and iii) more resources for AMR/AMU surveillance (dedicated persons, funding, and enabling structures and policy).

-

Purpose:

Legitimate opioid prescriptions can increase the risk of misuse, addiction, and overdose of opioids in children and adolescents.

This study aimed to describe the prescribing patterns of discharge opioid analgesics following inpatient visits and to determine patient and prescriber characteristics that are associated with prolonged opioid prescription.

Methods: