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Anne Lorne Gillies	Anne Lorne Gillies Anne Lorne Gillies () is a singer, writer and Gaelic activist. She is a classically trained musician and a professional singer/songwriter. She was born in Stirling in 1944, and raised on a croft in Argyll from the age of five. Gillies' musical upbringing was wide-ranging. Her maternal grandparents were professional classical violinists, and Gillies learned piano from an early age. While a pupil at Oban High School she was inspired by many of her teachers, especially her English teacher, the poet Iain Crichton Smith, and John Maclean, the Rector (Headmaster) of the school, a native of the Island of Raasay, classical scholar and brother of poet Sorley Maclean, from whom she learned a large number of Gaelic songs and to whom she dedicated her seminal book "Songs of Gaelic Scotland" (Birlinn, Edinburgh, 2005). In her teens, Gillies sang, danced and played at cèilidhs, concerts and Mòds, and even introduced a touch of Gaelic culture to BBC Radio Scotland's Children's Hour. She also took advantage of the wide variety of amateur musical and theatrical productions which Oban offered, from school-based folk-group, baroque ensemble, debating society and drama productions to local bands, Gilbert and Sullivan productions and public speaking. In 1962, three months after leaving Oban High School, she won the coveted Women's Gold Medal for singing at the Royal National Mòd an honour which brought with it a raft of opportunities to perform in concerts, tours, folk-clubs and festivals on both sides of the Border. Highlights from this early period of Gillies' career include singing at large-scale Gaelic concerts on the official programme of the Edinburgh International Festival (Usher Hall, Leith Town Hall); appearing in the first of many live Hogmanay shows (1964) to an audience of over 20 million people; taking part in an iconic televised folk concert in Glasgow's Kelvin Hall, organised by poet/folklorist Hamish Henderson, singing alongside legendary Scots and Irish traditional performers such as Jeannie Robertson and The Chieftains. Following this appearance Gillies struck up an unlikely but fruitful musical partnership with Jimmy MacBeath, an itinerant worker and singer of Bothy Ballads from the north east of Scotland. During these early years Gillies also gave regular radio recitals of a capella Gaelic song on BBC Scotland, and sang on the early BBC Gaelic black-and-white television series "Songs all the Way". In 1965 Gillies graduated MA (Celtic and English) from the University of Edinburgh, and went on to complete a post-graduate year as research student/transcriber in the School of Scottish Studies, at a time when the collection of Scotland's precious heritage of Gaelic song was at its peak. Then, in 1966, she left Scotland to pursue classical vocal training in Italy and London. She spent the next five years completing her apprenticeship both as a singer, under the tutelage of German Lieder experts Helene Isepp, Ilse Wolf and Paul Hamburger, and also (to "have something to fall back on") as a secondary school teacher of English, History and Music. Having acquired a Postgraduate Certificate in Education from the University of London (PGCE), she went on to teach in a huge, progressive, arts-orientated comprehensive school in Bicester, Oxfordshire, famed for the size and quality of its Music Department: its impressive end-of-term productions involved the whole community and included Wagner's "Die Meistersinger" and Verdi's "Nabucco" (with Gillies in the rôle of Abigail). It was with very mixed feelings that she resigned her post to concentrate on her professional career. Gillies returned to Scotland in 1971, and has been based there ever since, though her career has taken her to many corners of the world, singing in: Her media “break” came as resident singer on "Mainly Magnus" (1971–72) – a 26-week live Saturday night TV chat-show (BBC Scotland) hosted by Magnus Magnusson. Other BBC Scotland TV programmes followed, including the much-loved Gaelic musical series "'S e ur beatha" BBC Scotland, on which Gillies sang and introduced traditional performers including Aly Bain, Tom Anderson and Na h-Òganaich. In 1973, shortly after the birth of her first child, she starred in a one-off eponymous 50-minute "special" programme (BBC2 UK network) with guest star Stefan Grapelli. Showcasing Gillies' wide musical repertoire and also featuring her talent as a storyteller and illustrator, this show gained her the rather ironic title of "Best TV Newcomer of the Year", as voted for by readers of the "Daily Record" for TRICS, the Television and Radio Industries Club of Scotland. (Even more ironically she was invited back the following year to present the same award to Billy Connolly.) The following, though not exhaustive, summary gives an indication of the scope and variety of Anne's television career during this "high noon" of her television career, and why Terry Wogan – in Birmingham during his "Come Dancing" days – greeted her with the words:“I know who you are. You’re the girl that does more television than all the rest of us put together.” • "Anne Lorne Gillies": another 50-minute “one-off music special” (network/UK: BBC2, for legendary producer Yvonne Littlewood) was followed by a series of six programmes with the same format in which Gillies presented and sang with a stunning array of international guests including the Swingle Singers, The Kings Singers, the Chieftains, Fairport Convention, Scottish Ballet, Juan Martine, Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen. • "There was a Girl": a series created for BBC Scotland by the Laurence Olivier Award-winning English dancer Gillian Lynne (choreographer of "Cats", "Phantom of the Opera", etc. who was created a Dame in 2014). In each programme Anne told a separate love story through music and dance with the help of a troupe of male Broadway dancers, and each featured a male star of film and stage: George Chakiris (American Academy Award-winning actor/dancer, best known for creating the rôle of Bernardo Nuñez, leader of the Sharks, in the Hollywood smash-hit musical "West Side Story"), David Hemmings (star of Michaelangelo's Antonioni's enigmatic English film "Blow-up"), French actor / dancer Jean-Pierre Cassel ("Murder on the Orient Express", "Oh! What a Lovely War", "Prêt-à-Porter") and Barry Ingham, star of the Royal Shakespeare Company and musicals on Broadway and London's West End ("Gypsy", "Camelot", "Aspects of Love") • "Something to Sing About" (BBC2 UK/network) six 50-minute Light Entertainment programmes co-starring legendary Scottish comedian Chick Murray, actors Patrick Malahide and Jan Wilson, and Scots baritone Peter Morrison. • "The Castles of Mar" (BBC Scotland) location OB series filmed in Royal Deeside from some of the National Trust for Scotland's most iconic castles. Anne sang Scots songs, mainly from the North-East tradition, and introduced some of Scotland's most enduring entertainers, including Andy Stewart, Isla St Clair, Fulton MacKay, Russell Hunter and Iain Cuthbertson • Many one-off TV shows, including "Rhythm on Two" (contrasting the styles of Gillies and Barbara Dickson, BBC2 UK); "Anna agus Clannad" (BBC Scotland) – highlighting stylistic similarities and distinctions between the Scots and Irish Gaelic traditions; "The Puffer’s Progress": an hour-long film (BBC1 network/UK) shot on location on board a Clyde ‘puffer’ as she steamed slowly along the Crinan Canal, and showcasing Gillies' own original songs – including her “signature song” “The Hills of Lorne”; "My kind of music" (BBC1 network/UK) also showcasing Gillies' own songs, including “After the Pantomime”: with special guest star, Alan Price. • Numerous guest appearances on popular BBC TV series such as "Castles in the Air", "Songs of Scotland", "The Max Boyce Show" and "Talla a’ Bhaile"; on, Independent channels, Thingummyjig, "Sir Harry Secombe’s Highway"; and of course the live Hogmanay shows (BBC and ITV network/UK) in which Gillies starred regularly, over the years, alongside Scottish stars such as Kenneth MacKellar, Iain Cuthbertson, Alastair MacDonald, Peter Morrison and Annie Ross. • Children's programmes: Gillies' brief but enjoyable stint as Scottish anchorperson on the "Multi-coloured Swap Shop "(presented by Noel Edmonds and Keith Chegwyn) was interrupted by the birth of her third child. Thereafter she was involved in several Gaelic children's series, including "Bzzz" which featured twelve original Gaelic pop-songs co-written by Anne and pianist David Pringle. From the late 1980s onwards Gillies increasingly worked as presenter / interviewer of adult programmes, especially those in, or relating to, the Gaelic language: she fronted three series of "About Gaelic" (Scottish Television's popular and informative chat-show – an "introduction to Gaelic culture for non-Gaelic speakers") and "Barail nam Boireannach" – two challenging hour-long Gaelic language versions of Scottish Television's current affairs series "100 Scottish Women". She was also a guest presenter on BBC's "Saturday Night at the Mill" (where she interviewed, among others, Tippi Hedren, star of Alfred Hitchcock's film "The Birds") and, in the 1990s, completed a terrifying 5-day stint chairing Channel Four's live daytime current affairs programme "Powerhouse". More recently, with the growth of Gaelic-medium television programming, her innumerable appearances have included Throughout her career Gillies has espoused many causes, charitable, cultural and political: she has given her services freely to raise funds and public awareness for many organisations – medical, social, artistic, political – especially those connected to children and Scottish Gaelic culture. In 1983 she was invited to take on the role of Patron of Comhairle nan Sgoiltean Àraich (the Gaelic Voluntary Playgroup Association) and then became a key player in a no-holds barred nationwide campaign to persuade the authorities to recognise the importance of the Gaelic language both within Scotland and at international level: the urgent need to reverse the decline of Gaelic as a spoken language and to protect and develop its rich heritage through its development as a medium of communication on radio and television and, especially, in mainstream education. In between raising her own three children she worked tirelessly in support of Gaelic voluntary organisations, raising funds and public awareness, organising events, committees and parental groups, and using her contacts and expertise to persuade all political parties, as well as the educational establishment, to acknowledge the viability and value of Gaelic in the modern world – specifically as a medium of education at every level of education, both formal and in the community. In 1983 she was commissioned by Sabhal Mòr Ostaig (the Gaelic College in Skye) to conduct a large-scale study into “popular attitudes towards Gaelic and its relevance to 20th century Scotland”. Her report led directly to her return to University: first as a full-time post-graduate student in the University of Strathclyde, where she.gained an Additional Qualification as a primary teacher which enabled her fully to support the newly established Gaelic-medium units on both a voluntary and a professional basis. She also attended the University of Glasgow for a part-time Masters’ course in Multicultural Education, which was commuted after one year to a part-time PhD.: Fraser, Anne (1989) “Gaelic in primary education: a study of the development of Gaelic bilingual education in urban contexts”. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow. She completed this in record time while simultaneously holding down the post of National Education Development Officer with Comann na Gàidhlig (CnaG), the principal Government-funded language development agency at the time. Gillies' remit with CnaG was the promotion of Gaelic as a medium of education at all levels, from preschool to tertiary; to inform parents, educators, the media, government officials and politicians of all parties of the historical importance of Gaelic to Scotland and the world, and to facilitate its usage in the modern context and continuance for future generations. The work of Anne and her colleagues throughout the Gaelic-speaking community led to a sea-change in the fortunes of the language, with unprecedented levels of official support, its burgeoning usage within the Scottish education system and media, and – vitally – its endorsement and encouragement among native Gaelic-speakers and learners at grassroots level. Massively heartening developments which could not have been predicted when Gillies' own children were growing up. In 1991 Gillies was appointed by Govan Initiative Ltd to develop an arts strategy for the enrichment of a disparate and often dispirited area that had suffered from acute social and economic problems since the decline of the shipbuilding industry. She devised a wide array of arts activities designed to address problems of unemployment, homelessness, addiction, disability, and fear of crime. Among these was the Greater Govan Youth Theatre, a network of groups designed to develop skills and overcome social, sectarian and territorial dichotomies. Conscious of the historical presence of a substantial Gaelic-speaking population in Govan, Gillies devised and produced "Tuathcheòl" – a televised Gaelic country music series from Glasgow's Grand Old Opry on Govan Road that became popular with audiences throughout Scotland and Ireland. In 1996 she was appointed Gaelic Lecturer in the Faculty of Education of the University of Strathclyde. Gillies has served voluntarily on numerous committees and working-parties, including the Scottish Arts Council Music Committee, The Gaelic Books Council and the Curriculum for Excellence Consultative Group on Gaelic. In 1990s she became publicly and actively involved in the Scottish National Party (SNP), an organisation with which her family had had ties, both direct and indirect, for many decades (see William Gillies). In 1996 she was elected to the SNP's National Council and National Executive Committee, appointed Cabinet Spokesperson on the Arts, Culture and Gaelic, and then stood as SNP candidate for the Western Isles constituency at the 1997 general election and put her public profile to use throughout Scotland in promoting Devolution. In September 1998 she was selected as a candidate for the 1999 European Parliament elections following year by delegates at the SNP's conference. Her extensive published works include autobiography "Song of Myself" (Mainstream, 1992), short stories written under her married name Anne Bree (Polygon, 2000, 2001); Gaelic children's fiction and poetry under her Gaelic name Anna Latharna NicGillìosa (Acair, Brìgh, Stòrlann) and her seminal collection "Songs of Gaelic Scotland" (Birlinn) now in its 3rd edition. Published in 2005, "Songs of Gaelic Scotland" won the prestigious academic Ratcliff Prize for "an important contribution by an individual to the study of Folk and Folklore in Great Britain and Ireland". She has also worked as writer / producer of Gaelic programmes at Scottish television, notably on "Speaking our Language" – Scottish Television's flagship multimedia adult learning series – and "Caraidean", Channel Four's preschool Gaelic learning Series. She also co-wrote "Reoiteag air Rothan" / "The Ice-cream Factory" for Channel 5. Gillies was elected by the membership of the Association of Speakers’ Clubs of Great Britain as their Speaker of the Year, 2005. Other awards and honours have included an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Edinburgh; Fellowships from the University of the Highlands and Islands, the Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland, and the Association for Scottish Literary Studies; and her appointment in 2009 as Tosgair na Gàidhlig (Gaelic Ambassador) by the Scottish Government. Her voluntary and charitable work has been recognised by the award of Rotary International's Paul Harris Fellowship. Anne was inducted into the Scottish Traditional Music Hall of Fame in 2012. She left Strathclyde University in 2000, to work freelance again, specifically to address the urgent need for resources (print, electronic etc.) in Gaelic-medium classrooms. She moved to Ayrshire and, along with her husband, Kevin Bree, set up an independent Gaelic multimedia partnership (Brìgh) producing Gaelic books and talking books, television and radio programmes, music CDs, CD-ROMs (educational games and teachers’ packs etc.) She continues to sing, teach and lead master-classes and workshops on Gaelic music on both sides of the Atlantic and appears fairly frequently as a singer / interviewee on BBC Alba and BBC Radio nan Gàidheal. She is currently writing a historical novel set in 17th century Scotland, Ireland and France. Anne Lorne Gillies is married to Kevin Bree. She has three children by her previous marriage to Neil Fraser: Robbie, Marsaili and Rachel. Between them Anne and Kevin have 13 (step)grandchildren. Anne's brother is Prof. William Gillies.	[ "Anne Lorne Gillies Anne Lorne Gillies () is a singer, writer and Gaelic activist. She is a classically trained musician and a professional singer/songwriter. She was born in Stirling in 1944, and raised on a croft in Argyll from the age of five. Gillies' musical upbringing was wide-ranging. Her maternal grandparents were professional classical violinists, and Gillies learned piano from an early age. While a pupil at Oban High School she was inspired by many of her teachers, especially her English teacher, the poet Iain Crichton Smith, and John Maclean, the Rector (Headmaster) of the school, a native of the Island of Raasay, classical scholar and brother of poet Sorley Maclean, from whom she learned a large number of Gaelic songs and to whom she dedicated her seminal book \"Songs of Gaelic Scotland\" (Birlinn, Edinburgh, 2005). In her teens, Gillies sang, danced and played at cèilidhs, concerts and Mòds, and even introduced a touch of Gaelic culture to BBC Radio Scotland's Children's Hour. She also took advantage of the wide variety of amateur musical and theatrical productions which Oban offered, from school-based folk-group, baroque ensemble, debating society and drama productions to local bands, Gilbert and Sullivan productions and public speaking. In 1962, three months after leaving Oban High School, she won the coveted Women's Gold Medal for singing at the Royal National Mòd an honour which brought with it a raft of opportunities to perform in concerts, tours, folk-clubs and festivals on both sides of the Border. Highlights from this early period of Gillies' career include singing at large-scale Gaelic concerts on the official programme of the Edinburgh International Festival (Usher Hall, Leith Town Hall); appearing in the first of many live Hogmanay shows (1964) to an audience of over 20 million people; taking part in an iconic televised folk concert in Glasgow's Kelvin Hall, organised by poet/folklorist Hamish Henderson, singing alongside legendary Scots and Irish traditional performers such as Jeannie Robertson and The Chieftains. Following this appearance Gillies struck up an unlikely but fruitful musical partnership with Jimmy MacBeath, an itinerant worker and singer of Bothy Ballads from the north east of Scotland. During these early years Gillies also gave regular radio recitals of a capella Gaelic song on BBC Scotland, and sang on the early BBC Gaelic black-and-white television series \"Songs all the Way\". In 1965 Gillies graduated MA (Celtic and English) from the University of Edinburgh, and went on to complete a post-graduate year as research student/transcriber in the School of Scottish Studies, at a time when the collection of Scotland's precious heritage of Gaelic song was at its peak. Then, in 1966, she left Scotland to pursue classical vocal training in Italy and London. She spent the next five years completing her apprenticeship both as a singer, under the tutelage of German Lieder experts Helene Isepp, Ilse Wolf and Paul Hamburger, and also (to \"have something to fall back on\") as a secondary school teacher of English, History and Music. Having acquired a Postgraduate Certificate in Education from the University of London (PGCE), she went on to teach in a huge, progressive, arts-orientated comprehensive school in Bicester, Oxfordshire, famed for the size and quality of its Music Department: its impressive end-of-term productions involved the whole community and included Wagner's \"Die Meistersinger\" and Verdi's \"Nabucco\" (with Gillies in the rôle of Abigail). It was with very mixed feelings that she resigned her post to concentrate on her professional career. Gillies returned to Scotland in 1971, and has been based there ever since, though her career has taken her to many corners of the world, singing in: Her media “break” came as resident singer on \"Mainly Magnus\" (1971–72) – a 26-week live Saturday night TV chat-show (BBC Scotland) hosted by Magnus Magnusson. Other BBC Scotland TV programmes followed, including the much-loved Gaelic musical series \"'S e ur beatha\" BBC Scotland, on which Gillies sang and introduced traditional performers including Aly Bain, Tom Anderson and Na h-Òganaich. In 1973, shortly after the birth of her first child, she starred in a one-off eponymous 50-minute \"special\" programme (BBC2 UK network) with guest star Stefan Grapelli. Showcasing Gillies' wide musical repertoire and also featuring her talent as a storyteller and illustrator, this show gained her the rather ironic title of \"Best TV Newcomer of the Year\", as voted for by readers of the \"Daily Record\" for TRICS, the Television and Radio Industries Club of Scotland. (Even more ironically she was invited back the following year to present the same award to Billy Connolly.) The following, though not exhaustive, summary gives an indication of the scope and variety of Anne's television career during this \"high noon\" of her television career, and why Terry Wogan – in Birmingham during his \"Come Dancing\" days – greeted her with the words:“I know who you are.", "The following, though not exhaustive, summary gives an indication of the scope and variety of Anne's television career during this \"high noon\" of her television career, and why Terry Wogan – in Birmingham during his \"Come Dancing\" days – greeted her with the words:“I know who you are. You’re the girl that does more television than all the rest of us put together.” • \"Anne Lorne Gillies\": another 50-minute “one-off music special” (network/UK: BBC2, for legendary producer Yvonne Littlewood) was followed by a series of six programmes with the same format in which Gillies presented and sang with a stunning array of international guests including the Swingle Singers, The Kings Singers, the Chieftains, Fairport Convention, Scottish Ballet, Juan Martine, Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen. • \"There was a Girl\": a series created for BBC Scotland by the Laurence Olivier Award-winning English dancer Gillian Lynne (choreographer of \"Cats\", \"Phantom of the Opera\", etc. who was created a Dame in 2014). In each programme Anne told a separate love story through music and dance with the help of a troupe of male Broadway dancers, and each featured a male star of film and stage: George Chakiris (American Academy Award-winning actor/dancer, best known for creating the rôle of Bernardo Nuñez, leader of the Sharks, in the Hollywood smash-hit musical \"West Side Story\"), David Hemmings (star of Michaelangelo's Antonioni's enigmatic English film \"Blow-up\"), French actor / dancer Jean-Pierre Cassel (\"Murder on the Orient Express\", \"Oh! What a Lovely War\", \"Prêt-à-Porter\") and Barry Ingham, star of the Royal Shakespeare Company and musicals on Broadway and London's West End (\"Gypsy\", \"Camelot\", \"Aspects of Love\") • \"Something to Sing About\" (BBC2 UK/network) six 50-minute Light Entertainment programmes co-starring legendary Scottish comedian Chick Murray, actors Patrick Malahide and Jan Wilson, and Scots baritone Peter Morrison. • \"The Castles of Mar\" (BBC Scotland) location OB series filmed in Royal Deeside from some of the National Trust for Scotland's most iconic castles. Anne sang Scots songs, mainly from the North-East tradition, and introduced some of Scotland's most enduring entertainers, including Andy Stewart, Isla St Clair, Fulton MacKay, Russell Hunter and Iain Cuthbertson • Many one-off TV shows, including \"Rhythm on Two\" (contrasting the styles of Gillies and Barbara Dickson, BBC2 UK); \"Anna agus Clannad\" (BBC Scotland) – highlighting stylistic similarities and distinctions between the Scots and Irish Gaelic traditions; \"The Puffer’s Progress\": an hour-long film (BBC1 network/UK) shot on location on board a Clyde ‘puffer’ as she steamed slowly along the Crinan Canal, and showcasing Gillies' own original songs – including her “signature song” “The Hills of Lorne”; \"My kind of music\" (BBC1 network/UK) also showcasing Gillies' own songs, including “After the Pantomime”: with special guest star, Alan Price. • Numerous guest appearances on popular BBC TV series such as \"Castles in the Air\", \"Songs of Scotland\", \"The Max Boyce Show\" and \"Talla a’ Bhaile\"; on, Independent channels, Thingummyjig, \"Sir Harry Secombe’s Highway\"; and of course the live Hogmanay shows (BBC and ITV network/UK) in which Gillies starred regularly, over the years, alongside Scottish stars such as Kenneth MacKellar, Iain Cuthbertson, Alastair MacDonald, Peter Morrison and Annie Ross. • Children's programmes: Gillies' brief but enjoyable stint as Scottish anchorperson on the \"Multi-coloured Swap Shop \"(presented by Noel Edmonds and Keith Chegwyn) was interrupted by the birth of her third child. Thereafter she was involved in several Gaelic children's series, including \"Bzzz\" which featured twelve original Gaelic pop-songs co-written by Anne and pianist David Pringle. From the late 1980s onwards Gillies increasingly worked as presenter / interviewer of adult programmes, especially those in, or relating to, the Gaelic language: she fronted three series of \"About Gaelic\" (Scottish Television's popular and informative chat-show – an \"introduction to Gaelic culture for non-Gaelic speakers\") and \"Barail nam Boireannach\" – two challenging hour-long Gaelic language versions of Scottish Television's current affairs series \"100 Scottish Women\". She was also a guest presenter on BBC's \"Saturday Night at the Mill\" (where she interviewed, among others, Tippi Hedren, star of Alfred Hitchcock's film \"The Birds\") and, in the 1990s, completed a terrifying 5-day stint chairing Channel Four's live daytime current affairs programme \"Powerhouse\". More recently, with the growth of Gaelic-medium television programming, her innumerable appearances have included Throughout her career Gillies has espoused many causes, charitable, cultural and political: she has given her services freely to raise funds and public awareness for many organisations – medical, social, artistic, political – especially those connected to children and Scottish Gaelic culture.", "More recently, with the growth of Gaelic-medium television programming, her innumerable appearances have included Throughout her career Gillies has espoused many causes, charitable, cultural and political: she has given her services freely to raise funds and public awareness for many organisations – medical, social, artistic, political – especially those connected to children and Scottish Gaelic culture. In 1983 she was invited to take on the role of Patron of Comhairle nan Sgoiltean Àraich (the Gaelic Voluntary Playgroup Association) and then became a key player in a no-holds barred nationwide campaign to persuade the authorities to recognise the importance of the Gaelic language both within Scotland and at international level: the urgent need to reverse the decline of Gaelic as a spoken language and to protect and develop its rich heritage through its development as a medium of communication on radio and television and, especially, in mainstream education. In between raising her own three children she worked tirelessly in support of Gaelic voluntary organisations, raising funds and public awareness, organising events, committees and parental groups, and using her contacts and expertise to persuade all political parties, as well as the educational establishment, to acknowledge the viability and value of Gaelic in the modern world – specifically as a medium of education at every level of education, both formal and in the community. In 1983 she was commissioned by Sabhal Mòr Ostaig (the Gaelic College in Skye) to conduct a large-scale study into “popular attitudes towards Gaelic and its relevance to 20th century Scotland”. Her report led directly to her return to University: first as a full-time post-graduate student in the University of Strathclyde, where she.gained an Additional Qualification as a primary teacher which enabled her fully to support the newly established Gaelic-medium units on both a voluntary and a professional basis. She also attended the University of Glasgow for a part-time Masters’ course in Multicultural Education, which was commuted after one year to a part-time PhD. : Fraser, Anne (1989) “Gaelic in primary education: a study of the development of Gaelic bilingual education in urban contexts”. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow. She completed this in record time while simultaneously holding down the post of National Education Development Officer with Comann na Gàidhlig (CnaG), the principal Government-funded language development agency at the time. Gillies' remit with CnaG was the promotion of Gaelic as a medium of education at all levels, from preschool to tertiary; to inform parents, educators, the media, government officials and politicians of all parties of the historical importance of Gaelic to Scotland and the world, and to facilitate its usage in the modern context and continuance for future generations. The work of Anne and her colleagues throughout the Gaelic-speaking community led to a sea-change in the fortunes of the language, with unprecedented levels of official support, its burgeoning usage within the Scottish education system and media, and – vitally – its endorsement and encouragement among native Gaelic-speakers and learners at grassroots level. Massively heartening developments which could not have been predicted when Gillies' own children were growing up. In 1991 Gillies was appointed by Govan Initiative Ltd to develop an arts strategy for the enrichment of a disparate and often dispirited area that had suffered from acute social and economic problems since the decline of the shipbuilding industry. She devised a wide array of arts activities designed to address problems of unemployment, homelessness, addiction, disability, and fear of crime. Among these was the Greater Govan Youth Theatre, a network of groups designed to develop skills and overcome social, sectarian and territorial dichotomies. Conscious of the historical presence of a substantial Gaelic-speaking population in Govan, Gillies devised and produced \"Tuathcheòl\" – a televised Gaelic country music series from Glasgow's Grand Old Opry on Govan Road that became popular with audiences throughout Scotland and Ireland. In 1996 she was appointed Gaelic Lecturer in the Faculty of Education of the University of Strathclyde. Gillies has served voluntarily on numerous committees and working-parties, including the Scottish Arts Council Music Committee, The Gaelic Books Council and the Curriculum for Excellence Consultative Group on Gaelic. In 1990s she became publicly and actively involved in the Scottish National Party (SNP), an organisation with which her family had had ties, both direct and indirect, for many decades (see William Gillies). In 1996 she was elected to the SNP's National Council and National Executive Committee, appointed Cabinet Spokesperson on the Arts, Culture and Gaelic, and then stood as SNP candidate for the Western Isles constituency at the 1997 general election and put her public profile to use throughout Scotland in promoting Devolution. In September 1998 she was selected as a candidate for the 1999 European Parliament elections following year by delegates at the SNP's conference. Her extensive published works include autobiography \"Song of Myself\" (Mainstream, 1992), short stories written under her married name Anne Bree (Polygon, 2000, 2001); Gaelic children's fiction and poetry under her Gaelic name Anna Latharna NicGillìosa (Acair, Brìgh, Stòrlann) and her seminal collection \"Songs of Gaelic Scotland\" (Birlinn) now in its 3rd edition. Published in 2005, \"Songs of Gaelic Scotland\" won the prestigious academic Ratcliff Prize for \"an important contribution by an individual to the study of Folk and Folklore in Great Britain and Ireland\".", "Published in 2005, \"Songs of Gaelic Scotland\" won the prestigious academic Ratcliff Prize for \"an important contribution by an individual to the study of Folk and Folklore in Great Britain and Ireland\". She has also worked as writer / producer of Gaelic programmes at Scottish television, notably on \"Speaking our Language\" – Scottish Television's flagship multimedia adult learning series – and \"Caraidean\", Channel Four's preschool Gaelic learning Series. She also co-wrote \"Reoiteag air Rothan\" / \"The Ice-cream Factory\" for Channel 5. Gillies was elected by the membership of the Association of Speakers’ Clubs of Great Britain as their Speaker of the Year, 2005. Other awards and honours have included an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Edinburgh; Fellowships from the University of the Highlands and Islands, the Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland, and the Association for Scottish Literary Studies; and her appointment in 2009 as Tosgair na Gàidhlig (Gaelic Ambassador) by the Scottish Government. Her voluntary and charitable work has been recognised by the award of Rotary International's Paul Harris Fellowship. Anne was inducted into the Scottish Traditional Music Hall of Fame in 2012. She left Strathclyde University in 2000, to work freelance again, specifically to address the urgent need for resources (print, electronic etc.) in Gaelic-medium classrooms. She moved to Ayrshire and, along with her husband, Kevin Bree, set up an independent Gaelic multimedia partnership (Brìgh) producing Gaelic books and talking books, television and radio programmes, music CDs, CD-ROMs (educational games and teachers’ packs etc.) She continues to sing, teach and lead master-classes and workshops on Gaelic music on both sides of the Atlantic and appears fairly frequently as a singer / interviewee on BBC Alba and BBC Radio nan Gàidheal. She is currently writing a historical novel set in 17th century Scotland, Ireland and France. Anne Lorne Gillies is married to Kevin Bree. She has three children by her previous marriage to Neil Fraser: Robbie, Marsaili and Rachel. Between them Anne and Kevin have 13 (step)grandchildren. Anne's brother is Prof. William Gillies." ]
Becky Levi	Becky Levi Becky Levi is an American female mixed martial artist. Levi was born in Coldwater, Michigan. She began her training in Tucson, Arizona, training submissions and judo with Steve Owen, a 7th degree black belt in Judo. She also continued her boxing training at two boxing facilities in Tucson. Becky was also a PE teacher and coach in Tucson for 11 years. She was involved in coaching the sports of volleyball, football, wrestling, and track and field. In 1998 she moved to Grand Ledge, Michigan. to pursue her fight career. Levi has wrestled and boxed at Joe Byrd's Boxing Academy for a year and a half hoping to get started in professional boxing. Although Becky did not get info boxing professionally, she did fight an exhibition fight in Toledo, Ohio. in 2002. Becky also holds a second degree black belt in judo. Prior to MMA competition, she was already an accomplished athlete. At the first 1987 Women's World Championships she won the plus 82 kilograms category in weightlifting. While studying at the University of Arizona, she became a discus thrower, winning the 1988 Tucson Elite Classic and becoming an alternate for the 1988 and 1992 Olympic teams. After graduating, she continued to succeed in the discus, winning the 1992 Willie Williams Classic. In 1991, she attempted judo competition, initially with less success, winning one match out of four at the 1991 Olympic Festival, but eventually becoming a national champion. "The Arizona Daily Star" called her "one of the two or three greatest female athletes produced here" in an article on the University of Arizona. Becky also competed in 4 World Tough Woman Championships: three of which she was runner up. Her first entry into the world of mixed martial arts was as a strength and conditioning trainer to fellow Arizona resident Don Frye, present as part of his corner during Ultimate Fighting Championship 8, 9 and 10. In 1999, she helped set up The Danger Zone, a mixed martial arts promotion, with UFC Hall of Famer Dan Severn, who she had assisted in his preparation for UFC V. Severn would also train Levi for contests such as the Toughwoman World Championships, and said of her in a 1999 interview "She hits harder than most men." They parted ways in 2001 to pursue other business ventures. Her last fight was a loss by flying armbar against Marloes Coenen at ReMix World Cup 2000, on 5 December 2000. Becky now is the fitness and sport performance co-director at Spiece Fitness a premier fitness facility in Ft. Wayne, IN. Becky has worked and developed their sport training and personal training programs since 2002. Becky is also involved in coaching the throwing events at Indiana Tech University in Fort Wayne, IN.	[ "Becky Levi Becky Levi is an American female mixed martial artist. Levi was born in Coldwater, Michigan. She began her training in Tucson, Arizona, training submissions and judo with Steve Owen, a 7th degree black belt in Judo. She also continued her boxing training at two boxing facilities in Tucson. Becky was also a PE teacher and coach in Tucson for 11 years. She was involved in coaching the sports of volleyball, football, wrestling, and track and field. In 1998 she moved to Grand Ledge, Michigan. to pursue her fight career. Levi has wrestled and boxed at Joe Byrd's Boxing Academy for a year and a half hoping to get started in professional boxing. Although Becky did not get info boxing professionally, she did fight an exhibition fight in Toledo, Ohio. in 2002. Becky also holds a second degree black belt in judo. Prior to MMA competition, she was already an accomplished athlete. At the first 1987 Women's World Championships she won the plus 82 kilograms category in weightlifting. While studying at the University of Arizona, she became a discus thrower, winning the 1988 Tucson Elite Classic and becoming an alternate for the 1988 and 1992 Olympic teams. After graduating, she continued to succeed in the discus, winning the 1992 Willie Williams Classic. In 1991, she attempted judo competition, initially with less success, winning one match out of four at the 1991 Olympic Festival, but eventually becoming a national champion. \"The Arizona Daily Star\" called her \"one of the two or three greatest female athletes produced here\" in an article on the University of Arizona. Becky also competed in 4 World Tough Woman Championships: three of which she was runner up. Her first entry into the world of mixed martial arts was as a strength and conditioning trainer to fellow Arizona resident Don Frye, present as part of his corner during Ultimate Fighting Championship 8, 9 and 10. In 1999, she helped set up The Danger Zone, a mixed martial arts promotion, with UFC Hall of Famer Dan Severn, who she had assisted in his preparation for UFC V. Severn would also train Levi for contests such as the Toughwoman World Championships, and said of her in a 1999 interview \"She hits harder than most men.\" They parted ways in 2001 to pursue other business ventures. Her last fight was a loss by flying armbar against Marloes Coenen at ReMix World Cup 2000, on 5 December 2000. Becky now is the fitness and sport performance co-director at Spiece Fitness a premier fitness facility in Ft. Wayne, IN. Becky has worked and developed their sport training and personal training programs since 2002. Becky is also involved in coaching the throwing events at Indiana Tech University in Fort Wayne, IN." ]
STS-91	STS-91 STS-91 was the final Space Shuttle mission to the "Mir" space station. It was flown by Space Shuttle "Discovery", and launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 2 June 1998. STS-91 marked the final Shuttle/"Mir" Docking Mission. This Phase 1 Program was a precursor to the International Space Station maintaining a continuous American presence in space and developing the procedures and hardware required for an international partnership in space. The mission was the first to use the super lightweight external tank (SLWT) which was the same size, at long and in diameter, as the external tank used on previous launches, but lighter. The tank was made of an aluminium lithium alloy and the tank's structural design had also been improved making it 30 percent stronger and 5 percent less dense. The walls of the redesigned hydrogen tank were machined in an orthogonal waffle-like pattern, providing more strength and stability than the previous design. These improvements would later provide additional payload capacity to the International Space Station. Docking of "Discovery" to Mir, the first for that orbiter, occurred at 16:01 UTC, 4 June 1998 at an altitude of 208 miles. Hatches opened at 2:34 pm the same day. At hatch opening, Andy Thomas officially became a member of "Discovery"’s crew, completing 130 days of living and working on Mir. The transfer wrapped up a total of 907 days spent by seven U.S. astronauts aboard the Russian space station as long-duration crew members. During the next four days, the Mir 25 and STS-91 crews transferred more than of water, and almost of cargo experiments and supplies were exchanged between the two spacecraft. During this time, long-term U.S. experiments aboard the Mir were moved into Discovery’s middeck locker area and the SPACEHAB single module in the orbiter’s payload bay, including the Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) and the tissue engineering co-culture (COCULT) investigations, as well as two crystal growth experiments. The crews also conducted Risk Mitigation Experiments (RMEs) and Human Life Sciences (HLS) investigations. When the hatches closed for undocking at 9:07 am, 8 June, and the spacecraft separated at 12:01 pm that day, the final Shuttle-Mir docking mission was concluded and Phase 1 of the International Space Station (ISS) program came to an end. STS-91 also carried a prototype of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) into space. The AMS, designed to look for dark and missing matter in the universe, was powered up on Flight Day 1. Data originally planned to be sent to ground stations through "Discovery"’s K-band communications system was recorded on board because of a problem with the K-band system that prevented it from sending high-rate communications, including television signals, to the ground. The system was able to receive uplink transmissions. On 3 June 1998 the crew was able to set up a bypass system that allowed AMS data to be downlinked via S-band/FM communications when the orbiter came within range of a ground station. Data that could not be recorded by ground stations was recorded on board throughout the mission. The K-band system failure was determined to be located in a component that was not accessible to the crew. The failure prevented television transmission throughout the mission. Television broadcasts from Mir were prevented by a problem between a Russian ground station and the mission control center outside Moscow, limiting communications to audio only on NASA television. Other experiments conducted by the Shuttle crew during the mission included a checkout of the orbiter’s robot arm to evaluate new electronics and software and the Orbiter Space Vision System for use during assembly missions for the ISS. Also on board in the payload bay were eight Get Away Special experiments, while combustion, crystal growth and radiation monitoring experiments were conducted in "Discovery"’s mid-deck crew cabin area.	[ "STS-91 STS-91 was the final Space Shuttle mission to the \"Mir\" space station. It was flown by Space Shuttle \"Discovery\", and launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 2 June 1998. STS-91 marked the final Shuttle/\"Mir\" Docking Mission. This Phase 1 Program was a precursor to the International Space Station maintaining a continuous American presence in space and developing the procedures and hardware required for an international partnership in space. The mission was the first to use the super lightweight external tank (SLWT) which was the same size, at long and in diameter, as the external tank used on previous launches, but lighter. The tank was made of an aluminium lithium alloy and the tank's structural design had also been improved making it 30 percent stronger and 5 percent less dense. The walls of the redesigned hydrogen tank were machined in an orthogonal waffle-like pattern, providing more strength and stability than the previous design. These improvements would later provide additional payload capacity to the International Space Station. Docking of \"Discovery\" to Mir, the first for that orbiter, occurred at 16:01 UTC, 4 June 1998 at an altitude of 208 miles. Hatches opened at 2:34 pm the same day. At hatch opening, Andy Thomas officially became a member of \"Discovery\"’s crew, completing 130 days of living and working on Mir. The transfer wrapped up a total of 907 days spent by seven U.S. astronauts aboard the Russian space station as long-duration crew members. During the next four days, the Mir 25 and STS-91 crews transferred more than of water, and almost of cargo experiments and supplies were exchanged between the two spacecraft. During this time, long-term U.S. experiments aboard the Mir were moved into Discovery’s middeck locker area and the SPACEHAB single module in the orbiter’s payload bay, including the Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) and the tissue engineering co-culture (COCULT) investigations, as well as two crystal growth experiments. The crews also conducted Risk Mitigation Experiments (RMEs) and Human Life Sciences (HLS) investigations. When the hatches closed for undocking at 9:07 am, 8 June, and the spacecraft separated at 12:01 pm that day, the final Shuttle-Mir docking mission was concluded and Phase 1 of the International Space Station (ISS) program came to an end. STS-91 also carried a prototype of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) into space. The AMS, designed to look for dark and missing matter in the universe, was powered up on Flight Day 1. Data originally planned to be sent to ground stations through \"Discovery\"’s K-band communications system was recorded on board because of a problem with the K-band system that prevented it from sending high-rate communications, including television signals, to the ground. The system was able to receive uplink transmissions. On 3 June 1998 the crew was able to set up a bypass system that allowed AMS data to be downlinked via S-band/FM communications when the orbiter came within range of a ground station. Data that could not be recorded by ground stations was recorded on board throughout the mission. The K-band system failure was determined to be located in a component that was not accessible to the crew. The failure prevented television transmission throughout the mission. Television broadcasts from Mir were prevented by a problem between a Russian ground station and the mission control center outside Moscow, limiting communications to audio only on NASA television. Other experiments conducted by the Shuttle crew during the mission included a checkout of the orbiter’s robot arm to evaluate new electronics and software and the Orbiter Space Vision System for use during assembly missions for the ISS. Also on board in the payload bay were eight Get Away Special experiments, while combustion, crystal growth and radiation monitoring experiments were conducted in \"Discovery\"’s mid-deck crew cabin area." ]
Wendy, Cambridgeshire	Wendy, Cambridgeshire Wendy is a hamlet in the civil parish of Shingay cum Wendy in South Cambridgeshire, England around 5 miles north west of Royston. Wendy was a separate parish until 1957 when it was merged with neighbouring Shingay to form the present civil parish of Shingay cum Wendy. The historical parish covered an area of . Its northern border with Croydon (formerly Croydon-cum-Clapton) and Arrington followed the River Cam, and its western border with Wendy was marked by the North Ditch. The parish's straight eastern boundary with Whaddon follows the Roman Ermine Street (now the A1198), and its southern border with Bassingbourn and Abington Pigotts largely follow field boundaries. The hamlet itself is around a mile west of the Roman Road, just south of the river. There were 17 residents recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086, and there were probably around 80 in 1377, though numbers fell in later centuries. By 1801 there were 109 in the parish, rising to a peak of 154 in 1851 before dropping to 66 by 1931. There are six listed buildings in the village and another three on the Roman Road. RAF Bassingbourn covers a sizeable portion of the southern part of the parish, and was built just prior to the Second World War. The village's name means "river-bend island", named after the sharp bend in the North Ditch where it joins the River Cam. The former medieval parish church was probably built in the 12th century, extensively rebuilt in the 16th century by the preceptory of Shingay, and dedicated to St Mary and later All Saints. It is listed as having a steeple. By the 17th and 18th century was in a ruinous state and in 1734 was demolished and a new church, only 45 feet in length with a western bell turret, was completed by 1737. By the 1860s the church was deemed unsafe for use and a nearby barn was dedicated for services. The church was again demolished and a new church opened on the same site in 1866. The 19th century church was built in the Early English style with a chancel and south vestry, a three-bay nave with a western bell turret, and a west porch. The double hammer-beam roof over the name was taken from the recently dismantled church of All Saints in the Jewry that stood opposite Trinity College in Cambridge. Once again the church's foundations proved insufficient and extensive cracks after the Second World War led to its demolition in around 1950. Until 1972 services were held in the mission church at Shingay, after which the old school in Wendy was consecrated as a church, and still serves as All Saints Church. Wendy is too small to sustain any pubs or amenities. From at least 1809 to 1851 the Cox family ran the Windsor Arms next to the church and there was a shop for a period during the 19th century, but no pubs have been recorded since then. A school was built in Wendy in 1828 by Thomas Windsor, and was rebuilt in 1875 with an attendance of around 38. By 1902 there were only 19 children and the school was closed in 1904. The Wendy and Shingay District Church of England School opened in Wendy in 1906, closing again in 1931 with the children transferred to Bassingbourn. The building is	[ "Wendy, Cambridgeshire Wendy is a hamlet in the civil parish of Shingay cum Wendy in South Cambridgeshire, England around 5 miles north west of Royston. Wendy was a separate parish until 1957 when it was merged with neighbouring Shingay to form the present civil parish of Shingay cum Wendy. The historical parish covered an area of . Its northern border with Croydon (formerly Croydon-cum-Clapton) and Arrington followed the River Cam, and its western border with Wendy was marked by the North Ditch. The parish's straight eastern boundary with Whaddon follows the Roman Ermine Street (now the A1198), and its southern border with Bassingbourn and Abington Pigotts largely follow field boundaries. The hamlet itself is around a mile west of the Roman Road, just south of the river. There were 17 residents recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086, and there were probably around 80 in 1377, though numbers fell in later centuries. By 1801 there were 109 in the parish, rising to a peak of 154 in 1851 before dropping to 66 by 1931. There are six listed buildings in the village and another three on the Roman Road. RAF Bassingbourn covers a sizeable portion of the southern part of the parish, and was built just prior to the Second World War. The village's name means \"river-bend island\", named after the sharp bend in the North Ditch where it joins the River Cam. The former medieval parish church was probably built in the 12th century, extensively rebuilt in the 16th century by the preceptory of Shingay, and dedicated to St Mary and later All Saints. It is listed as having a steeple. By the 17th and 18th century was in a ruinous state and in 1734 was demolished and a new church, only 45 feet in length with a western bell turret, was completed by 1737. By the 1860s the church was deemed unsafe for use and a nearby barn was dedicated for services. The church was again demolished and a new church opened on the same site in 1866. The 19th century church was built in the Early English style with a chancel and south vestry, a three-bay nave with a western bell turret, and a west porch. The double hammer-beam roof over the name was taken from the recently dismantled church of All Saints in the Jewry that stood opposite Trinity College in Cambridge. Once again the church's foundations proved insufficient and extensive cracks after the Second World War led to its demolition in around 1950. Until 1972 services were held in the mission church at Shingay, after which the old school in Wendy was consecrated as a church, and still serves as All Saints Church. Wendy is too small to sustain any pubs or amenities. From at least 1809 to 1851 the Cox family ran the Windsor Arms next to the church and there was a shop for a period during the 19th century, but no pubs have been recorded since then. A school was built in Wendy in 1828 by Thomas Windsor, and was rebuilt in 1875 with an attendance of around 38. By 1902 there were only 19 children and the school was closed in 1904. The Wendy and Shingay District Church of England School opened in Wendy in 1906, closing again in 1931 with the children transferred to Bassingbourn. The building is" ]
Israel Eliashiv	Israel Eliashiv Dr Israel Eliashiv (, ) is an Israeli diplomat who served as the country's ambassador to Singapore between 1987 and 1990. Born during the Mandate era, Eliashiv attended the School of Law and Economics at Tel Aviv University before studying law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He later received a PhD from the Sapienza University of Rome. He held different diplomatic positions in Rome, Canberra, Singapore, Geneva, and New York. He was one of the two first Israeli diplomats who established Israel's first embassy in Singapore in 1968. He later returned to Singapore in 1987 as an Ambassador of Israel, holding the post until 1990. He has been involved extensively in multilateral activities throughout his diplomatic career, including his position as Director of International Economic Organizations Division in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He represented Israel in numerous economic, environmental and development activities in the United Nations and its Organizations as well as in various international conferences. He participated as member of the Israeli delegations to the General Assembly, representing Israel in the Second Committee (Economic and Financial) and the Fifth Committee (Administrative and Budgetary). Between 1977 and 1982 he served as Minister-Counsellor, Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations in Geneva and Permanent Representative to GATT and UNCTAD. During that period he was engaged in trade negotiations with many countries within the framework of "Tokyo Round" of multilateral trade negotiations, represented Israel as Observer in the sessions of ECE (Economic Commission of Europe), ESOSOC, the Commission on Sustainable Development, and many international conferences such as; International Code of Conduct on Transfer of Technology, Negotiating Conference on a Common Fund under the Integrated Programme for Commodities, The Diplomatic Conference on the revision of the Paris Convention for Protection of Industrial Property. Between 1990 and 1991 he served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Conference on Disarmament and the Convention on Chemical Weapons, Geneva, Switzerland. Between 1993 and 1996 he served as Ambassador, Permanent Mission of Israel to the United Nations in New York. During these years, Eliashiv initiated and concluded two agreements between UN agencies and Israel. The first was in 1995 with the Department for Development Management Services (DDSMS); the second was in 1996 with the UNDP, with the purpose of enhancing and expanding economic cooperation in global and regional activities. He also initiated and organized the International Symposium on Sustainable Water Management in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions which was held in Israel in May 1995, and opened by Shimon Peres. The symposium was co-sponsored by Israel, Japan, UNDP and the International Consortium of Arid Lands and enjoyed the participation of experts from more than 30 countries. He also initiated the International Expert Meeting on Synergies Among Conventions on Climate Change, Biological Diversity Desertification and Forest Principles, which was held in Sde Boker in March 1996. He is currently a senior adviser to the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, and member of the Local Organization Committee of the International Conference on Drylands, Deserts & Desertification, and Special Adviser to the Organizing Committee 2014, 2017.	[ "Israel Eliashiv Dr Israel Eliashiv (, ) is an Israeli diplomat who served as the country's ambassador to Singapore between 1987 and 1990. Born during the Mandate era, Eliashiv attended the School of Law and Economics at Tel Aviv University before studying law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He later received a PhD from the Sapienza University of Rome. He held different diplomatic positions in Rome, Canberra, Singapore, Geneva, and New York. He was one of the two first Israeli diplomats who established Israel's first embassy in Singapore in 1968. He later returned to Singapore in 1987 as an Ambassador of Israel, holding the post until 1990. He has been involved extensively in multilateral activities throughout his diplomatic career, including his position as Director of International Economic Organizations Division in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He represented Israel in numerous economic, environmental and development activities in the United Nations and its Organizations as well as in various international conferences. He participated as member of the Israeli delegations to the General Assembly, representing Israel in the Second Committee (Economic and Financial) and the Fifth Committee (Administrative and Budgetary). Between 1977 and 1982 he served as Minister-Counsellor, Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations in Geneva and Permanent Representative to GATT and UNCTAD. During that period he was engaged in trade negotiations with many countries within the framework of \"Tokyo Round\" of multilateral trade negotiations, represented Israel as Observer in the sessions of ECE (Economic Commission of Europe), ESOSOC, the Commission on Sustainable Development, and many international conferences such as; International Code of Conduct on Transfer of Technology, Negotiating Conference on a Common Fund under the Integrated Programme for Commodities, The Diplomatic Conference on the revision of the Paris Convention for Protection of Industrial Property. Between 1990 and 1991 he served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Conference on Disarmament and the Convention on Chemical Weapons, Geneva, Switzerland. Between 1993 and 1996 he served as Ambassador, Permanent Mission of Israel to the United Nations in New York. During these years, Eliashiv initiated and concluded two agreements between UN agencies and Israel. The first was in 1995 with the Department for Development Management Services (DDSMS); the second was in 1996 with the UNDP, with the purpose of enhancing and expanding economic cooperation in global and regional activities. He also initiated and organized the International Symposium on Sustainable Water Management in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions which was held in Israel in May 1995, and opened by Shimon Peres. The symposium was co-sponsored by Israel, Japan, UNDP and the International Consortium of Arid Lands and enjoyed the participation of experts from more than 30 countries. He also initiated the International Expert Meeting on Synergies Among Conventions on Climate Change, Biological Diversity Desertification and Forest Principles, which was held in Sde Boker in March 1996. He is currently a senior adviser to the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, and member of the Local Organization Committee of the International Conference on Drylands, Deserts & Desertification, and Special Adviser to the Organizing Committee 2014, 2017." ]
Forging temperature	Forging temperature Forging temperature is the temperature at which a metal becomes substantially more soft, but is lower than the melting temperature. Bringing a metal to its forging temperature allows the metal's shape to be changed by applying a relatively small force, without creating cracks. The forging temperature of an alloy will lie between the temperatures of its component metals. For most metals, forging temperature will be approximately 70% of the melting temperature in kelvins. Selecting the maximum forging temperature allows metals to be forged more easily, lowering the forging pressure and thus the wear on metal-forming dies. The temperature at which a metal is forged can affect the homogeneity in microstructure and mechanical properties of forged products, which can highly affect the performance of products used in manufacturing.	[ "Forging temperature Forging temperature is the temperature at which a metal becomes substantially more soft, but is lower than the melting temperature. Bringing a metal to its forging temperature allows the metal's shape to be changed by applying a relatively small force, without creating cracks. The forging temperature of an alloy will lie between the temperatures of its component metals. For most metals, forging temperature will be approximately 70% of the melting temperature in kelvins. Selecting the maximum forging temperature allows metals to be forged more easily, lowering the forging pressure and thus the wear on metal-forming dies. The temperature at which a metal is forged can affect the homogeneity in microstructure and mechanical properties of forged products, which can highly affect the performance of products used in manufacturing." ]
John James Masquerier	John James Masquerier John James Masquerier (5 October 1778 – 13 March 1855) was a British painter of French Hugenot descent. His work was mainly portrait painting, including of notables such as Lady Hamilton. He was born at Chelsea, London in October 1778. Both his parents were from French refugee Protestant families, his mother's maiden name being Barbot. As a child he was taken to Paris by his mother, who had set up a school in the Champs-Elysées He studied painting under François Vincent at the Tuileries, and was there at the time of the murder of the Swiss Guards on 10 August 1792, but escaped with his life. Masquerier made sketches from personal observation of many events of the French Revolution, such as the murder of the Princesse de Lamballe and the trial of the king. In 1793, when the arrest was imminent of all English residents in France, he and his mother tried to leave Paris. His mother was, however, arrested and imprisoned with Helen Maria Williams and others. She owed her life and liberty to the fall of Robespierre and the events of the 10 Thermidor. Masquerier returned to London, where he enrolled at the Royal Academy Schools on 31 December 1792. A self-portrait, painted at the age of 14, (later in the collection of Baroness Burdett Coutts), was shown to George III. In 1793 he visited the Isle of Wight, where he was the guest of John Wilkes. In 1795 he began his professional career as an artist, and in 1796 exhibited for the first time at the Royal Academy, showing a portrait and "The Incredulity of St. Thomas"; the latter forming the altar-piece of the chapel (once the hall of the house of Lord Chief Justice George Jeffreys) in Duke Street, Westminster. In 1800 Masquerier revisited Paris, and claimed, through the interest of Madame Tallien, whose portrait he painted, to have made a drawing of Napoleon Bonaparte as first consul. He certainly returned to England with sketches and notes, and with the help of Charles Turner and Henry Bernard Chalon very hurriedly painted in his London studio a picture of "Napoleon reviewing the Consular Guards in the Court of the Tuileries", which he exhibited in Piccadilly in 1801. This picture attracted large crowds on the assumption that it was the first authentic likeness of Napoleon exhibited in England. The writer "Peter Porcupine" (an alias of William Cobbett, then a fierce critic of the French Revolution) accused him of being an alien spy and emissary of Napoleon. As a result he was summoned to the Alien Office by John Reeves, and only saved himself from deportation by the producing the registration of his birth at Chelsea. Masquerier painted more than 400 portraits in the first 28 years of his professional career. He also showed a few subject pictures at the Royal Academy, such as "The Fortune Teller" (1800), "Petrarch and Laura" (1803), and "January and May" (1808). In 1814 he fetched his mother from Paris, and provided for her maintenance in England. It was probably on this journey that he painted a portrait of Emma, Lady Hamilton. The next year he visited the field of Waterloo and made a painting of "La Belle Alliance". He also drew a portrait of Napoleon's guide, J.B. Coster. The early part of his career as a portraitist was much helped by the patronage of a Mr. Alexander, Chairman of Ways and Means in the House of Commons, and Major Scott Waring, a zealous supporter of Warren Hastings at his trial. Masquerier's portrait of Hastings is now in the collection of the Art Gallery of New South Wales. At a rather later period he enjoyed the friendship of Sir Francis Burdett, and of his youngest daughter Angela, later Baroness Burdett Coutts. Other notable subjects he painted included Frances Mary Richardson Currer, Harriet Mellon and Miss O'Neil, besides many of his personal friends and relations. He also painted more than one self-portrait. In 1823 Masquerier retired from his profession, having amassed a comfortable fortune, and settled at Brighton, where he spent the rest of his life. He revisited Paris in 1850, and in 1851 toured Germany with Henry Crabb Robinson. He continued to paint occasionally; in 1831 he exhibited "A Marriage in the Church of St. Germain l'Auxerrois, Paris", and in 1838 "Buonaparte and Marie Louise viewing the Tomb of Charles the Bold at Bruges". He died at Brighton on 13 March 1855. His remaining pictures, sketchbooks, etc. were inherited by his relative, D. E. Forbes, and were sold by Christie's on 19 January 1878. A number of his sketchbooks were in the possession of his friend, Baroness Burdett Coutts. His obituarist in the "Gentleman's Magazine" felt that, despite his professional success, which had been greatly aided by his charm and sociable nature, "his afterlife as an artist did not fulfil the promise of his youth." In 1812 he married Rachel, widow of Dr. Robert Eden Scott, professor of moral philosophy at Aberdeen, daughter of Duncan Forbes, of Thainstone; she died in 1850, leaving no children.	[ "John James Masquerier John James Masquerier (5 October 1778 – 13 March 1855) was a British painter of French Hugenot descent. His work was mainly portrait painting, including of notables such as Lady Hamilton. He was born at Chelsea, London in October 1778. Both his parents were from French refugee Protestant families, his mother's maiden name being Barbot. As a child he was taken to Paris by his mother, who had set up a school in the Champs-Elysées He studied painting under François Vincent at the Tuileries, and was there at the time of the murder of the Swiss Guards on 10 August 1792, but escaped with his life. Masquerier made sketches from personal observation of many events of the French Revolution, such as the murder of the Princesse de Lamballe and the trial of the king. In 1793, when the arrest was imminent of all English residents in France, he and his mother tried to leave Paris. His mother was, however, arrested and imprisoned with Helen Maria Williams and others. She owed her life and liberty to the fall of Robespierre and the events of the 10 Thermidor. Masquerier returned to London, where he enrolled at the Royal Academy Schools on 31 December 1792. A self-portrait, painted at the age of 14, (later in the collection of Baroness Burdett Coutts), was shown to George III. In 1793 he visited the Isle of Wight, where he was the guest of John Wilkes. In 1795 he began his professional career as an artist, and in 1796 exhibited for the first time at the Royal Academy, showing a portrait and \"The Incredulity of St. Thomas\"; the latter forming the altar-piece of the chapel (once the hall of the house of Lord Chief Justice George Jeffreys) in Duke Street, Westminster. In 1800 Masquerier revisited Paris, and claimed, through the interest of Madame Tallien, whose portrait he painted, to have made a drawing of Napoleon Bonaparte as first consul. He certainly returned to England with sketches and notes, and with the help of Charles Turner and Henry Bernard Chalon very hurriedly painted in his London studio a picture of \"Napoleon reviewing the Consular Guards in the Court of the Tuileries\", which he exhibited in Piccadilly in 1801. This picture attracted large crowds on the assumption that it was the first authentic likeness of Napoleon exhibited in England. The writer \"Peter Porcupine\" (an alias of William Cobbett, then a fierce critic of the French Revolution) accused him of being an alien spy and emissary of Napoleon. As a result he was summoned to the Alien Office by John Reeves, and only saved himself from deportation by the producing the registration of his birth at Chelsea. Masquerier painted more than 400 portraits in the first 28 years of his professional career. He also showed a few subject pictures at the Royal Academy, such as \"The Fortune Teller\" (1800), \"Petrarch and Laura\" (1803), and \"January and May\" (1808). In 1814 he fetched his mother from Paris, and provided for her maintenance in England. It was probably on this journey that he painted a portrait of Emma, Lady Hamilton. The next year he visited the field of Waterloo and made a painting of \"La Belle Alliance\". He also drew a portrait of Napoleon's guide, J.B. Coster. The early part of his career as a portraitist was much helped by the patronage of a Mr. Alexander, Chairman of Ways and Means in the House of Commons, and Major Scott Waring, a zealous supporter of Warren Hastings at his trial. Masquerier's portrait of Hastings is now in the collection of the Art Gallery of New South Wales. At a rather later period he enjoyed the friendship of Sir Francis Burdett, and of his youngest daughter Angela, later Baroness Burdett Coutts. Other notable subjects he painted included Frances Mary Richardson Currer, Harriet Mellon and Miss O'Neil, besides many of his personal friends and relations. He also painted more than one self-portrait. In 1823 Masquerier retired from his profession, having amassed a comfortable fortune, and settled at Brighton, where he spent the rest of his life. He revisited Paris in 1850, and in 1851 toured Germany with Henry Crabb Robinson. He continued to paint occasionally; in 1831 he exhibited \"A Marriage in the Church of St. Germain l'Auxerrois, Paris\", and in 1838 \"Buonaparte and Marie Louise viewing the Tomb of Charles the Bold at Bruges\". He died at Brighton on 13 March 1855. His remaining pictures, sketchbooks, etc. were inherited by his relative, D. E. Forbes, and were sold by Christie's on 19 January 1878. A number of his sketchbooks were in the possession of his friend, Baroness Burdett Coutts. His obituarist in the \"Gentleman's Magazine\" felt that, despite his professional success, which had been greatly aided by his charm and sociable nature, \"his afterlife as an artist did not fulfil the promise of his youth.\" In 1812 he married Rachel, widow of Dr. Robert Eden Scott, professor of moral philosophy at Aberdeen, daughter of Duncan Forbes, of Thainstone; she died in 1850, leaving no children." ]
Section 8 (comics)	Section 8 (comics) Section 8 is a fictional comic book team of superheroes appearing in books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Garth Ennis and artists John McCrea and Steve Dillon, the team first appeared in "Hitman" #18 (September 1997). The team is named after the military designation for "mentally unfit for duty". The team is based in The Cauldron, the Irish section of Gotham City, and is led by Sixpack. They apparently have some sort of heroic history (though this is questionable, owing to the fact that several of their members seem prone to complicated hallucinations) prior to the events of "Hitman". The team is headquartered on an artificial island in a sewer. As of the start of the series, the team is split up, although they are all still located within Gotham City. Friendly Fire, Shakes, and Jean de Baton-Baton had retired; the Defenestrator was in Arkham Asylum after throwing a cop through the same window fourteen times; Dogwelder and Flemgem were still stalking the streets of Gotham. Sixpack was a regular at Noonan's Sleazy Bar, believing his drunken dreams of superhero work were real. The team reforms to provide critical support for Tommy Monaghan and his crew during the "Ace of Killers" storyline. Collectively, they kill many mafia soldiers that were trying to kill Tommy, Natt the Hat, Detective Tiegel and Catwoman. The group later aids Tommy during his encounter with the Czarnian mercenary anti-hero Lobo. Specifically, they aid Tommy in creating material blackmailing a stunned Lobo with the help of Bueno Excellente which prevents Lobo from taking revenge against any of them. Sixpack makes several solo appearances in "Hitman" as comic relief and an ally in some battles. In their last appearance, the team was starting to split up again after Friendly Fire pointed out how pathetic they were and that all they did was meet once a month and achieve nothing. Sixpack is left distraught when Friendly Fire points out, in anger, that all his 'superhero' missions are just drunken dreams. However, when the demonic Multi-Angled Ones arose in Gotham, Section 8 rallied to fight them. Their attempt was completely unsuccessful: most of the team die or accidentally kill themselves. However, the Many-Angled Ones become interested in Sixpack when the flames from an explosion don't touch him, and when he tells them that he'd be willing to die standing against them because "that's what superheroes do". The demons are left amused and a deal is made where Sixpack will leave with them and try to battle against them for his own soul, in exchange for leaving Earth alone. Sixpack has a statue built in a park in his honor of his sacrifice (a parody of the end of "Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?"), though he is shown still alive (and sane) in New York City at an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting, implying that his "battle for his soul" is facing his addiction to alcohol. Bueno Excellente survived the battle as well and avenges their loss on the scientist responsible for releasing the Many Angled Ones. In June 2015, DC began publishing "All-Star Section Eight", by Ennis and McCrea. When Sixpack has a near-death experience, the Phantom Stranger reveals that the dead members of Section Eight were sent to Limbo, with the exception of Dogwelder, who was apparently condemned to Hell because, "He welded dogs to people, for ******'s sake!" Following Sixpack's accidental return to alcoholism, he assembles a new Section 8 to combat a mysterious (and possibly imagined) threat. Sixpack convinces Bueno Excellente to reenlist, brings in five new members, and attempts to fill the vacant eighth position with someone from the Justice League.	[ "Section 8 (comics) Section 8 is a fictional comic book team of superheroes appearing in books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Garth Ennis and artists John McCrea and Steve Dillon, the team first appeared in \"Hitman\" #18 (September 1997). The team is named after the military designation for \"mentally unfit for duty\". The team is based in The Cauldron, the Irish section of Gotham City, and is led by Sixpack. They apparently have some sort of heroic history (though this is questionable, owing to the fact that several of their members seem prone to complicated hallucinations) prior to the events of \"Hitman\". The team is headquartered on an artificial island in a sewer. As of the start of the series, the team is split up, although they are all still located within Gotham City. Friendly Fire, Shakes, and Jean de Baton-Baton had retired; the Defenestrator was in Arkham Asylum after throwing a cop through the same window fourteen times; Dogwelder and Flemgem were still stalking the streets of Gotham. Sixpack was a regular at Noonan's Sleazy Bar, believing his drunken dreams of superhero work were real. The team reforms to provide critical support for Tommy Monaghan and his crew during the \"Ace of Killers\" storyline. Collectively, they kill many mafia soldiers that were trying to kill Tommy, Natt the Hat, Detective Tiegel and Catwoman. The group later aids Tommy during his encounter with the Czarnian mercenary anti-hero Lobo. Specifically, they aid Tommy in creating material blackmailing a stunned Lobo with the help of Bueno Excellente which prevents Lobo from taking revenge against any of them. Sixpack makes several solo appearances in \"Hitman\" as comic relief and an ally in some battles. In their last appearance, the team was starting to split up again after Friendly Fire pointed out how pathetic they were and that all they did was meet once a month and achieve nothing. Sixpack is left distraught when Friendly Fire points out, in anger, that all his 'superhero' missions are just drunken dreams. However, when the demonic Multi-Angled Ones arose in Gotham, Section 8 rallied to fight them. Their attempt was completely unsuccessful: most of the team die or accidentally kill themselves. However, the Many-Angled Ones become interested in Sixpack when the flames from an explosion don't touch him, and when he tells them that he'd be willing to die standing against them because \"that's what superheroes do\". The demons are left amused and a deal is made where Sixpack will leave with them and try to battle against them for his own soul, in exchange for leaving Earth alone. Sixpack has a statue built in a park in his honor of his sacrifice (a parody of the end of \"Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow? \"), though he is shown still alive (and sane) in New York City at an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting, implying that his \"battle for his soul\" is facing his addiction to alcohol. Bueno Excellente survived the battle as well and avenges their loss on the scientist responsible for releasing the Many Angled Ones. In June 2015, DC began publishing \"All-Star Section Eight\", by Ennis and McCrea. When Sixpack has a near-death experience, the Phantom Stranger reveals that the dead members of Section Eight were sent to Limbo, with the exception of Dogwelder, who was apparently condemned to Hell because, \"He welded dogs to people, for ******'s sake!\" Following Sixpack's accidental return to alcoholism, he assembles a new Section 8 to combat a mysterious (and possibly imagined) threat. Sixpack convinces Bueno Excellente to reenlist, brings in five new members, and attempts to fill the vacant eighth position with someone from the Justice League." ]
George Morris (Australian politician)	George Morris (Australian politician) George Alfred Morris (15 July 1892 – 18 May 1967) was a member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly. He was the only member of the Protestant Labor Party to hold a seat in the Queensland Parliament. Morris was born in Sydney, New South Wales, the son of William Boyd Morris and his wife Emily Jane (née Finney). He was educated at Glebe Public School, Sydney and after leaving school he enlisted with the Royal Australian Navy and was stationed at the Haslar Naval Hospital in Portsmouth, England, and from 1915-1918 was on HMAS Australia as a sick-berth attendant. He left the navy in 1923 was in show business from 1928 to 1938. He rejoined the navy when World War Two broke out, being based at the Flinders Naval Hospital & Balmoral Depot, Rushcutters Bay, and at Leeuwin in Western Australia. By the time he was discharged in 1944 Morris was based at HMAS Moreton. From 1948 to 1964 he was the secretary of the Queensland Taxi Cab Owner-Drivers' Association. Morris captained the first Victorian Rugby Union team to play South Africa and was a welterweight boxing champion. He was a member of the ANZAC club, and of the Ashgrove Returned Sailors, Soldiers and Airmen's Imperial League of Australia (RSSAILA). He captained the Queensland Diggers XI in 1937 and was a life member of the Newmarket Bowling Club. On 16 July 1915 Morris married Gladys Winifred Clark (died 1971) in England and they had two sons and one daughter. He died May 1967 at Greenslopes and was cremated at the Albany Creek Crematorium. Morris was a member of the Protestant Labor Party, a party formed in the 1920s to counter the perceived Roman Catholic dominance of the Labor. At the Queensland state election of 1938, he contested the seat of Kelvin Grove and defeated the sitting member, Frank Waters. When World War Two broke out, he received a leave of absence from parliament to rejoin the Navy. By the time the Queensland state election of 1941 came around, Morris was an independent with the Protestant Labor Party all but wound up. He was defeated at that election by the Labor candidate, John Turner.	[ "George Morris (Australian politician) George Alfred Morris (15 July 1892 – 18 May 1967) was a member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly. He was the only member of the Protestant Labor Party to hold a seat in the Queensland Parliament. Morris was born in Sydney, New South Wales, the son of William Boyd Morris and his wife Emily Jane (née Finney). He was educated at Glebe Public School, Sydney and after leaving school he enlisted with the Royal Australian Navy and was stationed at the Haslar Naval Hospital in Portsmouth, England, and from 1915-1918 was on HMAS Australia as a sick-berth attendant. He left the navy in 1923 was in show business from 1928 to 1938. He rejoined the navy when World War Two broke out, being based at the Flinders Naval Hospital & Balmoral Depot, Rushcutters Bay, and at Leeuwin in Western Australia. By the time he was discharged in 1944 Morris was based at HMAS Moreton. From 1948 to 1964 he was the secretary of the Queensland Taxi Cab Owner-Drivers' Association. Morris captained the first Victorian Rugby Union team to play South Africa and was a welterweight boxing champion. He was a member of the ANZAC club, and of the Ashgrove Returned Sailors, Soldiers and Airmen's Imperial League of Australia (RSSAILA). He captained the Queensland Diggers XI in 1937 and was a life member of the Newmarket Bowling Club. On 16 July 1915 Morris married Gladys Winifred Clark (died 1971) in England and they had two sons and one daughter. He died May 1967 at Greenslopes and was cremated at the Albany Creek Crematorium. Morris was a member of the Protestant Labor Party, a party formed in the 1920s to counter the perceived Roman Catholic dominance of the Labor. At the Queensland state election of 1938, he contested the seat of Kelvin Grove and defeated the sitting member, Frank Waters. When World War Two broke out, he received a leave of absence from parliament to rejoin the Navy. By the time the Queensland state election of 1941 came around, Morris was an independent with the Protestant Labor Party all but wound up. He was defeated at that election by the Labor candidate, John Turner." ]
Benedict, North Dakota	Benedict, North Dakota Benedict is a city in McLean County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 66 at the 2010 census. Benedict was founded in 1906. Benedict is located at (47.830522, -101.082700). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 66 people, 32 households, and 18 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 35 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 95.5% White, 1.5% African American, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population. There were 32 households of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.8% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06 and the average family size was 2.67. The median age in the city was 47 years. 21.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.1% were from 25 to 44; 30.3% were from 45 to 64; and 24.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 40.9% male and 59.1% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 53 people, 22 households, and 13 families residing in the city. The population density was 210.7 people per square mile (81.9/km²). There were 27 housing units at an average density of 107.4 per square mile (41.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 100% White. There were 22 households out of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.1% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.79. In the city, the population was spread out with 18.9% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 22.6% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 32.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 120.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.8 males. The median income for a household in the city was $32,188, and the median income for a family was $10,625. Males had a median income of $36,250 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,303. There were 40.0% of families and 21.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 50.0% of those over 64.	[ "Benedict, North Dakota Benedict is a city in McLean County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 66 at the 2010 census. Benedict was founded in 1906. Benedict is located at (47.830522, -101.082700). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 66 people, 32 households, and 18 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 35 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 95.5% White, 1.5% African American, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population. There were 32 households of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.8% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06 and the average family size was 2.67. The median age in the city was 47 years. 21.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.1% were from 25 to 44; 30.3% were from 45 to 64; and 24.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 40.9% male and 59.1% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 53 people, 22 households, and 13 families residing in the city. The population density was 210.7 people per square mile (81.9/km²). There were 27 housing units at an average density of 107.4 per square mile (41.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 100% White. There were 22 households out of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.1% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.79. In the city, the population was spread out with 18.9% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 22.6% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 32.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 120.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.8 males. The median income for a household in the city was $32,188, and the median income for a family was $10,625. Males had a median income of $36,250 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,303. There were 40.0% of families and 21.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 50.0% of those over 64." ]
Jeff Zimbalist	Jeff Zimbalist Jeffrey Leib Nettler Zimbalist (born August 15, 1978 in Northampton, Massachusetts) is an Academy Award shortlisted, Emmy and Peabody Award winning American filmmaker best known for his feature films Favela Rising, The Two Escobars, Momentum Generation, Nossa Chape, Youngstown Boys, Pelé, , The Scribe of Urabá, and his television series ReMastered and Phenoms. Along with his brother Michael, the Zimbalists have collaborated with eminent names in the entertainment industry, such as Quincy Jones, Pelé, Shakira, Will Smith, Jesse Jackson, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Mick Jagger, Joe Roth, Javier Bardem, Russell Simmons, Irving Azoff, Naomi Campbell, Kelly Slater, Aishwarya Rai, and Amitabh BachChan, among others. Their films have been theatrically distributed worldwide and broadcast by Universal, HBO, Netflix, Amazon, Showtime, MTV, PBS, ESPN, Channel 4 UK, the BBC, Fox, DirecTV, and BET, among others. Their production company is called All Rise Films. Jeff Zimbalist grew up in western Massachusetts, attending public school in Northampton. He played baseball, football, and competitively skied. He got his bachelor's degree from Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Together with Matt Mochary, Jeff Zimbalist won the Best Emerging Filmmaker Award at the 2005 TriBeCa Film Festival for his film "Favela Rising". "Favela Rising" also garnered a 2006 Emmy Nomination for Zimbalist, was named as the 2005 International Documentary Association's Film of the Year, was shortlisted for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2005, and won 36 International Film Festival Awards, including Best Documentary at Sydney and Leeds International Film Festivals. The film follows the life of Anderson Sa through the favelas of Rio de Janeiro in his attempt to use Afro-Reggae music to provide a positive outlet for the residents of a dangerous environment. The film was distributed by Thinkfilm and HBO Documentary Films in North America and was theatrically released in 16 countries, including by the Institute of Contemporary Art in the UK. In 2010, Disney / ESPN Films released "The Two Escobars" which Jeff directed and produced with his brother Michael Zimbalist. Jeff also was credited as the director of photography and editor. The film was nominated for another Emmy and was an official selection at the Cannes Film Festival, the Tribeca Film Festival, the Los Angeles Film Festival, and the IDFA International Film Festival. It was called "one of the best documentaries in recent memory" by The Los Angeles Times, "masterful" by The Hollywood Reporter, a "knockout documentary" by "Variety" and "one of the best sports documentaries ever made" by Bill Simmons. In 2011, Jeff and Michael Zimbalist's script for "The Two Escobars" was nominated for a best nonfiction script by the Writers Guild of America and was named 2010 Documentary Of The Year alongside The Tillman Story by Sports Illustrated. Of the over 50 films in the Emmy Award winning 30 for 30 series, Vulture ranked "The Two Escobars" as the best one. The Zimbalists shared the 2011 Peabody Award with this first season of ESPN Films 30for30 filmmakers. Since, in addition to producing other 30for30 films, the Zimbalist brothers have also directed two other entries into the 30for30 series, including "Arnold's Blueprint" with Arnold Schwartzenegger and "Youngstown Boys", which won an Emmy in 2014. Zimbalist directed "The Greatest Love Story Ever Told" about the Bollywood film industry in India, which premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in 2011 and was theatrically distributed worldwide with Wild Bunch. In 2014, the Zimbalist brothers wrote and directed a scripted feature film on the early life of soccer legend Pelé for Imagine Entertainment with Brian Grazer producing. Pelé was distributed theatrically worldwide and was a box office hit, outperforming tentpole Hollywood films on opening weekend in countries like Italy (grossing over USD$2m) and China (grossing over USD$4m). Pelé himself attended the premieres at the Cannes Film Festival and Tribeca Film Festival and was reportedly in tears at the emotional portrayal of his life, thanking the Zimbalist brothers for their honest and moving work. In 2018, in addition to creating and showrunning Netflix' marquee investigative music documentary series ReMastered, Zimbalist won an Audience Award at the Tribeca Film Festival alongside 12 other international film festival awards for his documentary Momentum Generation and premiered Nossa Chape at SxSw Film Festival to much praise, including being a Hollywood Reporter and Indiewire Critics Choice best of the festival. Nossa Chape was released theatrically in the US on June 1, 2018 by Fox and broadcast premiered during the World Cup on Fox June 23, 2018. It has a 92% Rotten Tomatoes critics score and a 100% audience score. Nossa Chape won Best Picture at the 2018 Los Angeles Film Awards, where Momentum Generation won Best Inspirational Film, and the Zimbalist Brother's feature documentary Give Us This Day, tracking 3 police officers and 3 residents in the highest homicide rate city in the U.S., won the Best Director honor. As a director, cinematographer and editor, Zimbalist's work has also been featured at the Museum of the Moving Image in New York, the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, the Brooklyn Museum of Art, the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London. He has produced development documentaries for over a dozen clients throughout the United States, in South Asia, Africa and Latin America, including the Ford Foundation, the World Bank, the Templeton Foundation, the Inter-American Development Bank, as well as provided media consulting services to the UNDP and various international nonprofit service organizations. Jeff teaches at the New York Film Academy and the Maine Photographic Workshops. He is a Massachusetts State Cultural Council Fellow, a Cinereach grantee, a San Francisco Film Society Rainin Grant recipient, LEF grant recipient, and a Ford Foundation Grantee. Jeff's charitable work includes a recruiting video for Amigos de las Américas, an organization that he volunteered with as a teenager.	[ "Jeff Zimbalist Jeffrey Leib Nettler Zimbalist (born August 15, 1978 in Northampton, Massachusetts) is an Academy Award shortlisted, Emmy and Peabody Award winning American filmmaker best known for his feature films Favela Rising, The Two Escobars, Momentum Generation, Nossa Chape, Youngstown Boys, Pelé, , The Scribe of Urabá, and his television series ReMastered and Phenoms. Along with his brother Michael, the Zimbalists have collaborated with eminent names in the entertainment industry, such as Quincy Jones, Pelé, Shakira, Will Smith, Jesse Jackson, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Mick Jagger, Joe Roth, Javier Bardem, Russell Simmons, Irving Azoff, Naomi Campbell, Kelly Slater, Aishwarya Rai, and Amitabh BachChan, among others. Their films have been theatrically distributed worldwide and broadcast by Universal, HBO, Netflix, Amazon, Showtime, MTV, PBS, ESPN, Channel 4 UK, the BBC, Fox, DirecTV, and BET, among others. Their production company is called All Rise Films. Jeff Zimbalist grew up in western Massachusetts, attending public school in Northampton. He played baseball, football, and competitively skied. He got his bachelor's degree from Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Together with Matt Mochary, Jeff Zimbalist won the Best Emerging Filmmaker Award at the 2005 TriBeCa Film Festival for his film \"Favela Rising\". \"Favela Rising\" also garnered a 2006 Emmy Nomination for Zimbalist, was named as the 2005 International Documentary Association's Film of the Year, was shortlisted for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2005, and won 36 International Film Festival Awards, including Best Documentary at Sydney and Leeds International Film Festivals. The film follows the life of Anderson Sa through the favelas of Rio de Janeiro in his attempt to use Afro-Reggae music to provide a positive outlet for the residents of a dangerous environment. The film was distributed by Thinkfilm and HBO Documentary Films in North America and was theatrically released in 16 countries, including by the Institute of Contemporary Art in the UK. In 2010, Disney / ESPN Films released \"The Two Escobars\" which Jeff directed and produced with his brother Michael Zimbalist. Jeff also was credited as the director of photography and editor. The film was nominated for another Emmy and was an official selection at the Cannes Film Festival, the Tribeca Film Festival, the Los Angeles Film Festival, and the IDFA International Film Festival. It was called \"one of the best documentaries in recent memory\" by The Los Angeles Times, \"masterful\" by The Hollywood Reporter, a \"knockout documentary\" by \"Variety\" and \"one of the best sports documentaries ever made\" by Bill Simmons. In 2011, Jeff and Michael Zimbalist's script for \"The Two Escobars\" was nominated for a best nonfiction script by the Writers Guild of America and was named 2010 Documentary Of The Year alongside The Tillman Story by Sports Illustrated. Of the over 50 films in the Emmy Award winning 30 for 30 series, Vulture ranked \"The Two Escobars\" as the best one. The Zimbalists shared the 2011 Peabody Award with this first season of ESPN Films 30for30 filmmakers. Since, in addition to producing other 30for30 films, the Zimbalist brothers have also directed two other entries into the 30for30 series, including \"Arnold's Blueprint\" with Arnold Schwartzenegger and \"Youngstown Boys\", which won an Emmy in 2014. Zimbalist directed \"The Greatest Love Story Ever Told\" about the Bollywood film industry in India, which premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in 2011 and was theatrically distributed worldwide with Wild Bunch. In 2014, the Zimbalist brothers wrote and directed a scripted feature film on the early life of soccer legend Pelé for Imagine Entertainment with Brian Grazer producing. Pelé was distributed theatrically worldwide and was a box office hit, outperforming tentpole Hollywood films on opening weekend in countries like Italy (grossing over USD$2m) and China (grossing over USD$4m). Pelé himself attended the premieres at the Cannes Film Festival and Tribeca Film Festival and was reportedly in tears at the emotional portrayal of his life, thanking the Zimbalist brothers for their honest and moving work. In 2018, in addition to creating and showrunning Netflix' marquee investigative music documentary series ReMastered, Zimbalist won an Audience Award at the Tribeca Film Festival alongside 12 other international film festival awards for his documentary Momentum Generation and premiered Nossa Chape at SxSw Film Festival to much praise, including being a Hollywood Reporter and Indiewire Critics Choice best of the festival. Nossa Chape was released theatrically in the US on June 1, 2018 by Fox and broadcast premiered during the World Cup on Fox June 23, 2018. It has a 92% Rotten Tomatoes critics score and a 100% audience score. Nossa Chape won Best Picture at the 2018 Los Angeles Film Awards, where Momentum Generation won Best Inspirational Film, and the Zimbalist Brother's feature documentary Give Us This Day, tracking 3 police officers and 3 residents in the highest homicide rate city in the U.S., won the Best Director honor. As a director, cinematographer and editor, Zimbalist's work has also been featured at the Museum of the Moving Image in New York, the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, the Brooklyn Museum of Art, the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London.", "As a director, cinematographer and editor, Zimbalist's work has also been featured at the Museum of the Moving Image in New York, the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, the Brooklyn Museum of Art, the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London. He has produced development documentaries for over a dozen clients throughout the United States, in South Asia, Africa and Latin America, including the Ford Foundation, the World Bank, the Templeton Foundation, the Inter-American Development Bank, as well as provided media consulting services to the UNDP and various international nonprofit service organizations. Jeff teaches at the New York Film Academy and the Maine Photographic Workshops. He is a Massachusetts State Cultural Council Fellow, a Cinereach grantee, a San Francisco Film Society Rainin Grant recipient, LEF grant recipient, and a Ford Foundation Grantee. Jeff's charitable work includes a recruiting video for Amigos de las Américas, an organization that he volunteered with as a teenager." ]
Máel Dúin mac Áedo Bennán	Máel Dúin mac Áedo Bennán Máel Dúin mac Áedo Bennán (died 661) was a King of Iarmuman (west Munster) from the Eóganacht Locha Léin branch of the Eoganachta. He was the son of Áed Bennán mac Crimthainn (died 618), who may have been King of all Munster. His uncle Áed Dammán (died 634) is called King of Iarmumu in his death obit giving Máel Dúin a possible reign of 633–661. Some of the events of his reign concern a feud with the Glendamnach sept of the Eoganachta. The roots of this feud are found in an old saga poem Mór Muman and the Violent Death of Cuanu mac Ailchine. During the reign of Cathal mac Áedo Flaind Chathrach (died 627) of Munster, the husband of Aed Bennan's daughter Ruithchern, Lonán mac Findig, was murdered by Cuanu mac Ailchine (died 644) of the Fir Maige Féne who abducts Ruithchern. They were on their way to seek shelter in Iarmuman and Cathal was blamed for not ensuring their safety. Warfare then ensued between the two septs of the Eoganachta. The battle of Cenn Con in Munster between Mael Dúin and Aengus Liath (died 644) of Glendamnach(the brother of Cathal) was fought in 644 with much slaughter on both sides and Mael Dúin was put to flight. His son Congal mac Máele Dúin (died 690) was also King of Iarmuman.	[ "Máel Dúin mac Áedo Bennán Máel Dúin mac Áedo Bennán (died 661) was a King of Iarmuman (west Munster) from the Eóganacht Locha Léin branch of the Eoganachta. He was the son of Áed Bennán mac Crimthainn (died 618), who may have been King of all Munster. His uncle Áed Dammán (died 634) is called King of Iarmumu in his death obit giving Máel Dúin a possible reign of 633–661. Some of the events of his reign concern a feud with the Glendamnach sept of the Eoganachta. The roots of this feud are found in an old saga poem Mór Muman and the Violent Death of Cuanu mac Ailchine. During the reign of Cathal mac Áedo Flaind Chathrach (died 627) of Munster, the husband of Aed Bennan's daughter Ruithchern, Lonán mac Findig, was murdered by Cuanu mac Ailchine (died 644) of the Fir Maige Féne who abducts Ruithchern. They were on their way to seek shelter in Iarmuman and Cathal was blamed for not ensuring their safety. Warfare then ensued between the two septs of the Eoganachta. The battle of Cenn Con in Munster between Mael Dúin and Aengus Liath (died 644) of Glendamnach(the brother of Cathal) was fought in 644 with much slaughter on both sides and Mael Dúin was put to flight. His son Congal mac Máele Dúin (died 690) was also King of Iarmuman." ]
Electoral Court of South Africa	Electoral Court of South Africa The Electoral Court is a South African court that oversees the Electoral Commission (EC) and the conduct of elections. It was established by the Electoral Commission Act, 1996 to replace a Special Electoral Court which oversaw the 1994 elections, and has status similar to that of a division of the High Court. The court consists of a judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal as chairman, two High Court judges, and two other members. All members are appointed by the President on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission. the chairman is judge J Shongwe, who is also a judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal. The two judges appointed to the Court are S Moshidi and W L Wepener, both judges of the Gauteng Division of the High Court. The court has its administrative offices at the Supreme Court of Appeal in Bloemfontein and usually meets there, but it may hear cases anywhere in South Africa. It meets only when a case is brought before it, so it is generally busy around election time but less so between national elections. Cases are generally, but not necessarily, heard by all five members of the court. The court has the power to review the procedural fairness of any decision taken by the EC. It hears appeals on the correctness of any decision taken by the EC if it involves the interpretation of the law, and answers questions of legal interpretation referred by the EC. It also investigates allegations against members of the EC. The Electoral Court makes rules defining how disputes about the conduct of parties or candidates can be heard by the ordinary courts. It may also hear such disputes itself, but it cannot act as a criminal court.	[ "Electoral Court of South Africa The Electoral Court is a South African court that oversees the Electoral Commission (EC) and the conduct of elections. It was established by the Electoral Commission Act, 1996 to replace a Special Electoral Court which oversaw the 1994 elections, and has status similar to that of a division of the High Court. The court consists of a judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal as chairman, two High Court judges, and two other members. All members are appointed by the President on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission. the chairman is judge J Shongwe, who is also a judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal. The two judges appointed to the Court are S Moshidi and W L Wepener, both judges of the Gauteng Division of the High Court. The court has its administrative offices at the Supreme Court of Appeal in Bloemfontein and usually meets there, but it may hear cases anywhere in South Africa. It meets only when a case is brought before it, so it is generally busy around election time but less so between national elections. Cases are generally, but not necessarily, heard by all five members of the court. The court has the power to review the procedural fairness of any decision taken by the EC. It hears appeals on the correctness of any decision taken by the EC if it involves the interpretation of the law, and answers questions of legal interpretation referred by the EC. It also investigates allegations against members of the EC. The Electoral Court makes rules defining how disputes about the conduct of parties or candidates can be heard by the ordinary courts. It may also hear such disputes itself, but it cannot act as a criminal court." ]
W76	W76 The W76 is a United States thermonuclear warhead. It was manufactured from 1978-1987, and is still in service . The W-76 is carried inside a Mk-4 re-entry vehicle. U.S. Trident I and Trident II SLBM/Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles may carry W76 warheads as one warhead option, along with W88 warheads in the Trident II. The dimensions of the W76 and Mk-4 reentry vehicle which carries it are not known; only the warhead's weight of 362 pounds (164 kg) has been disclosed. The W76 has a yield of 100 kilotons. The upgraded W76-1/Mk4A will be used in both American and British submarines. Extensions to the service lives for 800 of the warheads was approved by the US government in 2000, then later increased to 2,000. The project is scheduled for completion in 2018. The warhead is currently the most numerous weapon in the US nuclear arsenal, having replaced the Poseidon SLBM warhead, the W68, in that capacity.	[ "W76 The W76 is a United States thermonuclear warhead. It was manufactured from 1978-1987, and is still in service . The W-76 is carried inside a Mk-4 re-entry vehicle. U.S. Trident I and Trident II SLBM/Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles may carry W76 warheads as one warhead option, along with W88 warheads in the Trident II. The dimensions of the W76 and Mk-4 reentry vehicle which carries it are not known; only the warhead's weight of 362 pounds (164 kg) has been disclosed. The W76 has a yield of 100 kilotons. The upgraded W76-1/Mk4A will be used in both American and British submarines. Extensions to the service lives for 800 of the warheads was approved by the US government in 2000, then later increased to 2,000. The project is scheduled for completion in 2018. The warhead is currently the most numerous weapon in the US nuclear arsenal, having replaced the Poseidon SLBM warhead, the W68, in that capacity." ]
Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame	Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame The Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame is a non-profit, volunteer organization that recognizes women who have contributed to history of the U.S. state of Arkansas. The organization was founded and incorporated as a non-profit organization in 2014 to recognize women's contributions and impact upon the state of Arkansas. It was formed as a partnership between the Arkansas Business Publishing Group and the North Little Rock Chamber of Commerce. An eleven-member board was developed to create a permanent location for the Hall of Fame and a sustained tribute to the women who have helped to build the state. Until a permanent facility is built, the plans call for a statewide traveling exhibit on the inductees. The inaugural group of women, inducted on 27 August 2015, included 11 women and one organization, the Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools and were selected from public nominations of 73 potential candidates. The criteria for induction into the Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame is that women were born in and achieved recognition within the state; are or have been a resident in Arkansas for an extended period of time and achieved prominence within the state; or were born in or lived in Arkansas for a significant period of time and achieved prominence elsewhere. Additional criteria: The hall inducts new members annually and includes both contemporary and historical women or organizations which benefit women.	[ "Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame The Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame is a non-profit, volunteer organization that recognizes women who have contributed to history of the U.S. state of Arkansas. The organization was founded and incorporated as a non-profit organization in 2014 to recognize women's contributions and impact upon the state of Arkansas. It was formed as a partnership between the Arkansas Business Publishing Group and the North Little Rock Chamber of Commerce. An eleven-member board was developed to create a permanent location for the Hall of Fame and a sustained tribute to the women who have helped to build the state. Until a permanent facility is built, the plans call for a statewide traveling exhibit on the inductees. The inaugural group of women, inducted on 27 August 2015, included 11 women and one organization, the Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools and were selected from public nominations of 73 potential candidates. The criteria for induction into the Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame is that women were born in and achieved recognition within the state; are or have been a resident in Arkansas for an extended period of time and achieved prominence within the state; or were born in or lived in Arkansas for a significant period of time and achieved prominence elsewhere. Additional criteria: The hall inducts new members annually and includes both contemporary and historical women or organizations which benefit women." ]
Charles L. Briggs	Charles L. Briggs Charles Leslie Briggs (born April 8, 1953) is an anthropologist who works at the University of California, Berkeley, United States. Before working at Berkeley he held a position as Chair of the Ethnic Studies Department at University of California, San Diego. He was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico on April 8, 1953. He got a BA in Anthropology, Psychology and Philosophy from Colorado College. He received his PhD in Anthropology from the University of Chicago in 1981. Charles L. Briggs is the Alan Dundes Distinguished Professor in Folklore at Berkeley. He focuses on linguistic and medical anthropology, social theory, modernity, citizenship and the state, race, and violence. He has studied the tension between modernity and traditionality as socio-political processes in performance, focusing on jokes, proverbs, legends, myths, anecdotes, gossip, curing songs, and ritual wailing, along with how constructions of language and tradition have shaped the politics of modernity. His original research focus centered on the "Mexicano" population of his home state of New Mexico in the US. From then on he has focused his attention on the Warao, an Amerindian people of Delta Amacuro state in Venezuela. Current projects focus on revolutionary health care in Venezuela; how the state is “communicated” through the press particularly through health issues in Cuba, Venezuela, and the United States; and how violence is projected in legal, media, and medical institutions (Venezuela). Representative publications include: 1980. The Wood Carvers of Córdova, New Mexico: Social Dimensions of an Artistic "Revival." Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. 1986. Learning How to Ask: A Sociolinguistic Appraisal of the Role of the Interview in Social Science Research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1988. Competence in Performance: The Creativity of Tradition in Mexicano Verbal Art. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1990. The Lost Gold Mine of Juan Mondragón: A Legend of New Mexico Performed by Melaquías Romero. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. (By Charles L. Briggs and Julián Josué Vigil). 1990. Poetics and Performance as Critical Perspectives on Language and Social Life. Annual Review of Anthropology 19:59-88 (Richard Bauman and Charles L. Briggs). 1992. Genre, Intertextuality, and Social Power. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 2(2):131-72. (by Charles L. Briggs and Richard Bauman). 1992. 'Since I Am a Woman, I Will Chastise My Relatives': Gender, Reported Speech, and the (Re)production of Social Relations in Warao Ritual Wailing. American Ethnologist 19:337-61. 1993. Personal Sentiments and Polyphonic Voices in Warao Women's Ritual Wailing: Music and Poetics in a Critical and Collective Discourse. American Anthropologist 95:929-57. 1993. Theorizing Folklore: New Perspectives on the Politics of Culture. Western Folklore 52(2,3,4). (Special issue edited by Charles L. Briggs and Amy Shuman.) 1996. Disorderly Discourse: Narrative, Conflict, and Social Inequality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Edited by Charles L. Briggs) 1996. The Politics of Discursive Authority in Research on the "Invention of Tradition." Cultural Anthropology 11(4):435-69. 1998. "You're a Liar—You're Just Like a Woman!" Constructing Dominant Ideologies of Language in Warao Men's Gossip. In Bambi Schieffelin, Kathryn A. Woolard, and Paul V. Kroskrity, eds., Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory, 229-55. New York: Oxford University Press. 2000. “Bad Mothers” and the Threat to Civil Society: Race, Cultural Reasoning, and the Institutionalization of Social Inequality in a Venezuelan Infanticide Trial. Law and Social Inquiry 25(2):299-354. (by Charles L. Briggs and Clara Mantini-Briggs). 2002. Linguistic Magic Bullets in the Making of a Modernist Anthropology. American Anthropologist 104(2): 481-98. 2003. Stories in the Time of Cholera: Racial Profiling during a Medical Nightmare. Berkeley: University of California Press. (by Charles L. Briggs with Clara Mantini-Briggs; Spanish, expanded edition, Nueva Sociedad, 2004). 2003. Voices of modernity: Language Ideologies and the Politics of Inequality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (by Richard Bauman and Charles L. Briggs) 2003. Why Nation-States Can’ t Teach People to be Healthy: Power and Pragmatic Miscalculation in Public Discourses on Health. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 17(3):287-321. 2004. Malthus' Anti-rhetorical Rhetoric, or, on the Magical Conversion of the Imaginary into the Real. In Categories and Contexts: Critical Studies in Qualitative Demography, ed. Simon Szreter, Hania Sholkamy, and A. Dharmaligam, pp. 57–76. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2004. Theorizing Modernity Conspiratorially: Science, Scale, and the Political Economy of Public Discourse in Explanations of a Cholera Epidemic. American Ethnologist 31(2):163-186. 2005. Genealogies of Race and Culture and the Failure of Vernacular Cosmopolitanisms: Rereading Franz Boas and W.E.B. Du Bois. Public Culture 17(1):75-100. (in press). Communicability, Racial Discourse, and Disease. Annual Review of Anthropology 34. He is the winner of the 2007 J.I. Staley Prize in Anthropology and the Rudolf Virchow Award in Medical Anthropology in 2006 as well as the Edward Sapir Prize, in collaboration with Richard Bauman, from the Society for Linguistic Anthropology, November 2006.	[ "Charles L. Briggs Charles Leslie Briggs (born April 8, 1953) is an anthropologist who works at the University of California, Berkeley, United States. Before working at Berkeley he held a position as Chair of the Ethnic Studies Department at University of California, San Diego. He was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico on April 8, 1953. He got a BA in Anthropology, Psychology and Philosophy from Colorado College. He received his PhD in Anthropology from the University of Chicago in 1981. Charles L. Briggs is the Alan Dundes Distinguished Professor in Folklore at Berkeley. He focuses on linguistic and medical anthropology, social theory, modernity, citizenship and the state, race, and violence. He has studied the tension between modernity and traditionality as socio-political processes in performance, focusing on jokes, proverbs, legends, myths, anecdotes, gossip, curing songs, and ritual wailing, along with how constructions of language and tradition have shaped the politics of modernity. His original research focus centered on the \"Mexicano\" population of his home state of New Mexico in the US. From then on he has focused his attention on the Warao, an Amerindian people of Delta Amacuro state in Venezuela. Current projects focus on revolutionary health care in Venezuela; how the state is “communicated” through the press particularly through health issues in Cuba, Venezuela, and the United States; and how violence is projected in legal, media, and medical institutions (Venezuela). Representative publications include: 1980. The Wood Carvers of Córdova, New Mexico: Social Dimensions of an Artistic \"Revival.\" Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. 1986. Learning How to Ask: A Sociolinguistic Appraisal of the Role of the Interview in Social Science Research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1988. Competence in Performance: The Creativity of Tradition in Mexicano Verbal Art. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1990. The Lost Gold Mine of Juan Mondragón: A Legend of New Mexico Performed by Melaquías Romero. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. (By Charles L. Briggs and Julián Josué Vigil). 1990. Poetics and Performance as Critical Perspectives on Language and Social Life. Annual Review of Anthropology 19:59-88 (Richard Bauman and Charles L. Briggs). 1992. Genre, Intertextuality, and Social Power. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 2(2):131-72. (by Charles L. Briggs and Richard Bauman). 1992. 'Since I Am a Woman, I Will Chastise My Relatives': Gender, Reported Speech, and the (Re)production of Social Relations in Warao Ritual Wailing. American Ethnologist 19:337-61. 1993. Personal Sentiments and Polyphonic Voices in Warao Women's Ritual Wailing: Music and Poetics in a Critical and Collective Discourse. American Anthropologist 95:929-57. 1993. Theorizing Folklore: New Perspectives on the Politics of Culture. Western Folklore 52(2,3,4). (Special issue edited by Charles L. Briggs and Amy Shuman.) 1996. Disorderly Discourse: Narrative, Conflict, and Social Inequality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Edited by Charles L. Briggs) 1996. The Politics of Discursive Authority in Research on the \"Invention of Tradition.\" Cultural Anthropology 11(4):435-69. 1998. \"You're a Liar—You're Just Like a Woman!\" Constructing Dominant Ideologies of Language in Warao Men's Gossip. In Bambi Schieffelin, Kathryn A. Woolard, and Paul V. Kroskrity, eds., Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory, 229-55. New York: Oxford University Press. 2000. “Bad Mothers” and the Threat to Civil Society: Race, Cultural Reasoning, and the Institutionalization of Social Inequality in a Venezuelan Infanticide Trial. Law and Social Inquiry 25(2):299-354. (by Charles L. Briggs and Clara Mantini-Briggs). 2002. Linguistic Magic Bullets in the Making of a Modernist Anthropology. American Anthropologist 104(2): 481-98. 2003. Stories in the Time of Cholera: Racial Profiling during a Medical Nightmare. Berkeley: University of California Press. (by Charles L. Briggs with Clara Mantini-Briggs; Spanish, expanded edition, Nueva Sociedad, 2004). 2003. Voices of modernity: Language Ideologies and the Politics of Inequality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (by Richard Bauman and Charles L. Briggs) 2003. Why Nation-States Can’ t Teach People to be Healthy: Power and Pragmatic Miscalculation in Public Discourses on Health. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 17(3):287-321. 2004. Malthus' Anti-rhetorical Rhetoric, or, on the Magical Conversion of the Imaginary into the Real. In Categories and Contexts: Critical Studies in Qualitative Demography, ed. Simon Szreter, Hania Sholkamy, and A. Dharmaligam, pp. 57–76. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2004. Theorizing Modernity Conspiratorially: Science, Scale, and the Political Economy of Public Discourse in Explanations of a Cholera Epidemic. American Ethnologist 31(2):163-186. 2005. Genealogies of Race and Culture and the Failure of Vernacular Cosmopolitanisms: Rereading Franz Boas and W.E.B. Du Bois. Public Culture 17(1):75-100. (in press). Communicability, Racial Discourse, and Disease. Annual Review of Anthropology 34. He is the winner of the 2007 J.I. Staley Prize in Anthropology and the Rudolf Virchow Award in Medical Anthropology in 2006 as well as the Edward Sapir Prize, in collaboration with Richard Bauman, from the Society for Linguistic Anthropology, November 2006." ]
Helix fast-response system	Helix fast-response system The Helix fast-response system (HFRS) is a deep-sea oil spill response plan licensed by HWCG LLC, a consortium of 16 independent oil companies, to respond to subsea well incidents. Helix Energy Solutions Group designed the Helix fast-response system based on techniques used to contain the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill. On February 28, 2011 the drilling moratorium imposed as a result of the spill ended when the United States Department of the Interior approved the first drilling permit based on the availability of the HFRS to offshore oil companies. The HFRS relies on the deployment of Helix ESG's Q4000 multipurpose semisubmersible platform and the Helix Producer 1 floating production unit. Both vessels are based in the Gulf of Mexico and played significant roles in the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill response. At full production capacity, the HFRS can handle up to 55,000 barrels of oil per day (70,000 barrels of liquid or 95 million standard cubic feet per day) at 10,000 psi in water depths to 10,000 feet. When deployed, the HFRS is assembled in stages following an ROV inspection of the damaged subsea well head. ROVs then lower a custom-designed well cap onto the blowout preventer (BOP) stack; if the flow of escaping hydrocarbons is not too extreme, the vents inside the well cap can be manually closed one by one to shut in the well. If the pressure is too extreme to shut in the well, ROVs will lower an intervention riser system (IRS) onto the top of the well cap. The hydrocarbons will then be transferred through a marine riser to the Q4000, which will use its gas flare to burn off much of the oil and gas while transferring the rest through a flexible riser to the Helix Producer 1. The Helix Producer 1 will activate its flare to burn off the gas while it processes the oil and transfers it to a nearby oil tanker through another flexible riser. As the oil and gas is successfully captured, processed or burned and then transferred onto a tanker, drillships will be required to drill a relief well to permanently kill the damaged subsea well. In January 2011 Helix ESG signed an agreement with Clean Gulf Associates, a non-profit industry group, to make the HFRS available for a two-year period to CGA member companies in the event of a future subsea well incident in the Gulf of Mexico. In 2012 Helix ESG said it was working develop an additional consortium for the Caribbean and would likely base the system out of Port of Spain Trinidad.	[ "Helix fast-response system The Helix fast-response system (HFRS) is a deep-sea oil spill response plan licensed by HWCG LLC, a consortium of 16 independent oil companies, to respond to subsea well incidents. Helix Energy Solutions Group designed the Helix fast-response system based on techniques used to contain the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill. On February 28, 2011 the drilling moratorium imposed as a result of the spill ended when the United States Department of the Interior approved the first drilling permit based on the availability of the HFRS to offshore oil companies. The HFRS relies on the deployment of Helix ESG's Q4000 multipurpose semisubmersible platform and the Helix Producer 1 floating production unit. Both vessels are based in the Gulf of Mexico and played significant roles in the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill response. At full production capacity, the HFRS can handle up to 55,000 barrels of oil per day (70,000 barrels of liquid or 95 million standard cubic feet per day) at 10,000 psi in water depths to 10,000 feet. When deployed, the HFRS is assembled in stages following an ROV inspection of the damaged subsea well head. ROVs then lower a custom-designed well cap onto the blowout preventer (BOP) stack; if the flow of escaping hydrocarbons is not too extreme, the vents inside the well cap can be manually closed one by one to shut in the well. If the pressure is too extreme to shut in the well, ROVs will lower an intervention riser system (IRS) onto the top of the well cap. The hydrocarbons will then be transferred through a marine riser to the Q4000, which will use its gas flare to burn off much of the oil and gas while transferring the rest through a flexible riser to the Helix Producer 1. The Helix Producer 1 will activate its flare to burn off the gas while it processes the oil and transfers it to a nearby oil tanker through another flexible riser. As the oil and gas is successfully captured, processed or burned and then transferred onto a tanker, drillships will be required to drill a relief well to permanently kill the damaged subsea well. In January 2011 Helix ESG signed an agreement with Clean Gulf Associates, a non-profit industry group, to make the HFRS available for a two-year period to CGA member companies in the event of a future subsea well incident in the Gulf of Mexico. In 2012 Helix ESG said it was working develop an additional consortium for the Caribbean and would likely base the system out of Port of Spain Trinidad." ]
Diamond Film	Diamond Film The Diamond Film () is a film award recognising domestic box office achievements in the Netherlands. The Diamond Film is awarded to films from the Netherlands once they have sold 1,000,000 cinema tickets or more during the original circulation. The award is initiated by the Netherlands Film Festival and the Netherlands Film Fund in addition to the Golden Film for 100,000 visitors, the Platinum Film for 400,000 visitors, and the Crystal Film for 10,000 visitors of a documentary film. The first Diamond Film was awarded to "Black Book" (2006) on 31 January 2007. The director of the Netherlands Film Festival presented the trophies to the producer San Fu Maltha, director Paul Verhoeven, and the film cast, during a dinner for the film crew and cast organized by San Fu Maltha. "Black Book" was the first film since the introduction of Dutch box office awards in 2001 that reached an audience of one million visitors. "Black Book" had a budget of €17,000,000, which made it the most expensive film from the Netherlands ever, at the time of its release. After receiving the Diamond Film, Paul Verhoeven says about "Black Book": Scenario writer Gerard Soeteman says about "Black Book" after it received the Diamond Film:	[ "Diamond Film The Diamond Film () is a film award recognising domestic box office achievements in the Netherlands. The Diamond Film is awarded to films from the Netherlands once they have sold 1,000,000 cinema tickets or more during the original circulation. The award is initiated by the Netherlands Film Festival and the Netherlands Film Fund in addition to the Golden Film for 100,000 visitors, the Platinum Film for 400,000 visitors, and the Crystal Film for 10,000 visitors of a documentary film. The first Diamond Film was awarded to \"Black Book\" (2006) on 31 January 2007. The director of the Netherlands Film Festival presented the trophies to the producer San Fu Maltha, director Paul Verhoeven, and the film cast, during a dinner for the film crew and cast organized by San Fu Maltha. \"Black Book\" was the first film since the introduction of Dutch box office awards in 2001 that reached an audience of one million visitors. \"Black Book\" had a budget of €17,000,000, which made it the most expensive film from the Netherlands ever, at the time of its release. After receiving the Diamond Film, Paul Verhoeven says about \"Black Book\": Scenario writer Gerard Soeteman says about \"Black Book\" after it received the Diamond Film:" ]
Crossfire (Canadian TV program)	Crossfire (Canadian TV program) Crossfire is a Canadian current affairs television program which aired on CBC Television in April 1956, and which featured debate and panel show formats. This program was a mid-season replacement for "Citizens' Forum" during April 1956. In some episodes of "Crossfire", a studio audience posed questions to several experts on a particular topic. Other episodes featured a debate for or against a given subject, resembling a court cross-examination, with a studio audience deciding the winning side of the argument. This half-hour program was broadcast on Tuesdays at 10:00 p.m. (Eastern) from 3 April to 24 April 1956.	[ "Crossfire (Canadian TV program) Crossfire is a Canadian current affairs television program which aired on CBC Television in April 1956, and which featured debate and panel show formats. This program was a mid-season replacement for \"Citizens' Forum\" during April 1956. In some episodes of \"Crossfire\", a studio audience posed questions to several experts on a particular topic. Other episodes featured a debate for or against a given subject, resembling a court cross-examination, with a studio audience deciding the winning side of the argument. This half-hour program was broadcast on Tuesdays at 10:00 p.m. (Eastern) from 3 April to 24 April 1956." ]
Millet wine	Millet wine Millet wine () is a common wine in East and Southeast Asia. It is also the oldest wine in Taiwan and a traditional beverage of Taiwanese aborigines. It is often used in harvest festivals, as a symbol of harvest. For aboriginal culture, millet wine is a cultural symbol. Millet wine is a key part of aboriginal rituals such as Millet Festival, Black Rice Festival, Harvest Festival and Dwarf Spiritual Sacrifice. Each aboriginal group in Taiwan has its own god or goddess dedicated to millet and their own name for millet wine. For example, the Atayal tribe call it “Qohozi” and the Puyuma tribe call it “Tinuerau”. Moreover, libation of millet wine is believed to bring good luck and aid in avoiding evil. Every aboriginal group has developed specific millet wine drinking rites. For instance, the Paiwan tribespeople will tread the ground before drinking millet wine to show their respect to the god in charge of the mountains. On the other hand, Puyuma tribespeople of Taitung County take bring fresh millet wine to the beach. Priests then chant prayers toward the direction of Orchid Island to present their gratitude for their harvest. Millet wine is made from millet, brewer’s yeast and water. In traditional production, tools such as sieves, steamers, pots, pans and jars are used. Millet is immersed in cold water and left to rest during the night. The next morning, the millet is washed with care so as not to squeeze it. The common proportion is about 400 cc per pound of millet. The washed millet is steamed and then mixed with brewer’s yeast and cold water which was boiled beforehand. Finally, the mix is put into a container and the opening is sealed. It is left to ferment in a cool place about one month.	[ "Millet wine Millet wine () is a common wine in East and Southeast Asia. It is also the oldest wine in Taiwan and a traditional beverage of Taiwanese aborigines. It is often used in harvest festivals, as a symbol of harvest. For aboriginal culture, millet wine is a cultural symbol. Millet wine is a key part of aboriginal rituals such as Millet Festival, Black Rice Festival, Harvest Festival and Dwarf Spiritual Sacrifice. Each aboriginal group in Taiwan has its own god or goddess dedicated to millet and their own name for millet wine. For example, the Atayal tribe call it “Qohozi” and the Puyuma tribe call it “Tinuerau”. Moreover, libation of millet wine is believed to bring good luck and aid in avoiding evil. Every aboriginal group has developed specific millet wine drinking rites. For instance, the Paiwan tribespeople will tread the ground before drinking millet wine to show their respect to the god in charge of the mountains. On the other hand, Puyuma tribespeople of Taitung County take bring fresh millet wine to the beach. Priests then chant prayers toward the direction of Orchid Island to present their gratitude for their harvest. Millet wine is made from millet, brewer’s yeast and water. In traditional production, tools such as sieves, steamers, pots, pans and jars are used. Millet is immersed in cold water and left to rest during the night. The next morning, the millet is washed with care so as not to squeeze it. The common proportion is about 400 cc per pound of millet. The washed millet is steamed and then mixed with brewer’s yeast and cold water which was boiled beforehand. Finally, the mix is put into a container and the opening is sealed. It is left to ferment in a cool place about one month." ]
Epoch Co.	Epoch Co. Epoch Co., Ltd. is a Japanese toy and computer games company founded in 1958 which is best known for manufacturing Barcode Battler and "Doraemon" video games, and the Sylvanian Families series of toys. Its current Representative President is Michihiro Maeda. They also made Japan's first successful programmable console video game system, the Epoch Cassette Vision, in 1981. Founded in May 1958 by Maeda Taketora and three others in Tokyo with ¥1 million, Maeda Taketora is made president, eleven months later, it had increased its capital to ¥2.5 million. Epoch participated in the first Japanese international toy trade fair in 1962. It moved to its headquarters to its current location in Tokyo in 1963. After 20 years of its founding in 1978, Epoch had increased to ¥200 million - 200 times the original startup cost. In the 1980s it briefly had a United States office in Englewood, New Jersey, which sold imported English versions of its products. In September 2001 it founded an international branch. It is most famous for its "Doraemon" and Sylvanian Families toy and video game productions. Epoch created some LCD handheld electronic games in cooperation with ITMC, Tomy and other companies.	[ "Epoch Co. Epoch Co., Ltd. is a Japanese toy and computer games company founded in 1958 which is best known for manufacturing Barcode Battler and \"Doraemon\" video games, and the Sylvanian Families series of toys. Its current Representative President is Michihiro Maeda. They also made Japan's first successful programmable console video game system, the Epoch Cassette Vision, in 1981. Founded in May 1958 by Maeda Taketora and three others in Tokyo with ¥1 million, Maeda Taketora is made president, eleven months later, it had increased its capital to ¥2.5 million. Epoch participated in the first Japanese international toy trade fair in 1962. It moved to its headquarters to its current location in Tokyo in 1963. After 20 years of its founding in 1978, Epoch had increased to ¥200 million - 200 times the original startup cost. In the 1980s it briefly had a United States office in Englewood, New Jersey, which sold imported English versions of its products. In September 2001 it founded an international branch. It is most famous for its \"Doraemon\" and Sylvanian Families toy and video game productions. Epoch created some LCD handheld electronic games in cooperation with ITMC, Tomy and other companies." ]
Terry M. Cross	Terry M. Cross Terry M. Cross (born 1947) is a retired United States Coast Guard Vice Admiral who served as Vice Commandant of the United States Coast Guard from July 2004 until June 2006. He served as the Coast Guard's second in command and was the Agency Acquisition Executive. Prior to his assignment as Vice Commandant, he served as Commander, Pacific Area. VADM Cross was responsible for all Coast Guard operations west of the Rocky Mountains and throughout the Pacific Basin to the Far East, an area encompassing over 73 million square miles. Under his leadership, Pacific Area units established the first Coast Guard maritime intelligence fusion center, participated in the Iraq War and Operation Liberty Shield, and set new records for illegal drug seizures. VADM Cross previously served as the Assistant Commandant for Operations, where he was responsible for management oversight of all Coast Guard operating programs, including maritime safety, law enforcement, intelligence, and national defense. He initiated the Coast Guards' Maritime Domain Awareness initiative, succeeded in gaining formal membership in the Intelligence Community for the Coast Guard and led efforts that rapidly supported the Coast Guard's Homeland Security Strategy, including the development of deployable Maritime Safety and Security Teams. Cross' other flag assignments included service as Commander, Eleventh Coast Guard District; Commander, Seventeenth Coast Guard District and Director of Operations Policy at Coast Guard Headquarters. Previous operational assignments service as a Deck Watch Officer aboard the cutter USCGC "McCulloch", Operations Officer of Air Station Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and Commanding Officer of Air Station San Francisco, California. Staff assignments included service as the Chief of Staff, Atlantic Area; Chief, Office of Programs; Chief, Office of Budget; and Chief, Office of Acquisition Resource Management at Coast Guard Headquarters. Cross graduated from the United States Coast Guard Academy in 1970 with a B.S. degree in Engineering. He also earned a master's degree in Industrial Administration from Purdue University's Krannert School of Management and is a graduate of the National War College.	[ "Terry M. Cross Terry M. Cross (born 1947) is a retired United States Coast Guard Vice Admiral who served as Vice Commandant of the United States Coast Guard from July 2004 until June 2006. He served as the Coast Guard's second in command and was the Agency Acquisition Executive. Prior to his assignment as Vice Commandant, he served as Commander, Pacific Area. VADM Cross was responsible for all Coast Guard operations west of the Rocky Mountains and throughout the Pacific Basin to the Far East, an area encompassing over 73 million square miles. Under his leadership, Pacific Area units established the first Coast Guard maritime intelligence fusion center, participated in the Iraq War and Operation Liberty Shield, and set new records for illegal drug seizures. VADM Cross previously served as the Assistant Commandant for Operations, where he was responsible for management oversight of all Coast Guard operating programs, including maritime safety, law enforcement, intelligence, and national defense. He initiated the Coast Guards' Maritime Domain Awareness initiative, succeeded in gaining formal membership in the Intelligence Community for the Coast Guard and led efforts that rapidly supported the Coast Guard's Homeland Security Strategy, including the development of deployable Maritime Safety and Security Teams. Cross' other flag assignments included service as Commander, Eleventh Coast Guard District; Commander, Seventeenth Coast Guard District and Director of Operations Policy at Coast Guard Headquarters. Previous operational assignments service as a Deck Watch Officer aboard the cutter USCGC \"McCulloch\", Operations Officer of Air Station Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and Commanding Officer of Air Station San Francisco, California. Staff assignments included service as the Chief of Staff, Atlantic Area; Chief, Office of Programs; Chief, Office of Budget; and Chief, Office of Acquisition Resource Management at Coast Guard Headquarters. Cross graduated from the United States Coast Guard Academy in 1970 with a B.S. degree in Engineering. He also earned a master's degree in Industrial Administration from Purdue University's Krannert School of Management and is a graduate of the National War College." ]
Bicentennial Park, Homebush Bay	Bicentennial Park, Homebush Bay Bicentennial Park is a of parkland located west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of City of Parramatta. Bicentennial Park is situated on the shores Homebush Bay and is a part of the Sydney Olympic Park in New South Wales, Australia. The Park is a natural heritage site featuring an important wetland ecosystem and parklands. It offers visitors recreation, nature-based tours, environmental education and outdoor event experiences. The park has picnic areas, playgrounds, pathways and cycle ways, access to the wetlands, salt marsh and bird hides. It also features Lake Belvedere, Peace Monument, Treillage Tower, Sundial, 'Cyrus the Great' statue, the Silent Hearts Memorial Garden and water features. Powells Creek runs through the eastern side of the park. The Homebush Bay wetland is occupied by animals that thrive in the salt water wetlands. Bicentennial Park was created by the state and federal governments during the 1980s, to celebrate Australia's Bicentenary in 1988. The project involved recycling of former rubbish dump into a regional recreation area and the conservation of of a wetland ecosystem on the Parramatta River. The park was officially opened on 1 January 1988.	[ "Bicentennial Park, Homebush Bay Bicentennial Park is a of parkland located west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of City of Parramatta. Bicentennial Park is situated on the shores Homebush Bay and is a part of the Sydney Olympic Park in New South Wales, Australia. The Park is a natural heritage site featuring an important wetland ecosystem and parklands. It offers visitors recreation, nature-based tours, environmental education and outdoor event experiences. The park has picnic areas, playgrounds, pathways and cycle ways, access to the wetlands, salt marsh and bird hides. It also features Lake Belvedere, Peace Monument, Treillage Tower, Sundial, 'Cyrus the Great' statue, the Silent Hearts Memorial Garden and water features. Powells Creek runs through the eastern side of the park. The Homebush Bay wetland is occupied by animals that thrive in the salt water wetlands. Bicentennial Park was created by the state and federal governments during the 1980s, to celebrate Australia's Bicentenary in 1988. The project involved recycling of former rubbish dump into a regional recreation area and the conservation of of a wetland ecosystem on the Parramatta River. The park was officially opened on 1 January 1988." ]
Tyndale Academy	Tyndale Academy Tyndale Academy was an independent, fee-paying tuition group in East London for children aged 4 to 11 years of age. The academy, based at the Hope Baptist Chapel had an evangelical Christian ethos but accepted children from all faiths or none. It was established in 1999 and was named after the English church reformer William Tyndale who as well as being a Bible translator was a tutor of children. During its operation Tyndale Academy was one of a very small number of educational settings in the United Kingdom that still condoned corporal punishment as part of its sanctions policy. Although corporal punishment was banned in the United Kingdom schools, Tyndale Academy was able to continue the practise legally as pupils only attended on a part-time basis. As institutions whose pupils attend for less than 21 hours per week do not fall under the legal definition of a school, they are unaffected by the law preventing the use of corporal punishment. This practice caused controversy in 2008 when the government discussed proposals in the Education and Skills Bill 2007 which would embrace Tyndale Academy as an independent educational institution and so render its discipline policy illegal. Following the passing into law of the Education and Skills Bill (2008) Tyndale continued to operate. Over a year after the enactment of the Bill, the DCSF had not undertaken the consultation process which would establish the regulatory framework defining Independent Educational Institutions. This has theoretically meant that it has been possible for Tyndale to continue without any substantive changes to its provision. Draft versions of the Regulations state that the Department is minded to count breaktimes, assemblies and lunch hours as "time during which education is provided". This would break with the criteria that is strictly applied to all state run and independent schools. The Department for Children Schools and Families held 11 box files of material on Tyndale the bulk of which it refused to release, arguing legal and ministerial exemptions.<a href="http%3A//www.tes.co.uk/Article.aspx%3Fstorycode%3D6024110"></a>. An in depth interview with Ferris Lindsay, Tyndale's proprietor, took place in the Times Educational Supplement on 20 November 2009. In it, his views on corporal punishment and the more broader matters of what motivated him in establishing Tyndale are discussed.	[ "Tyndale Academy Tyndale Academy was an independent, fee-paying tuition group in East London for children aged 4 to 11 years of age. The academy, based at the Hope Baptist Chapel had an evangelical Christian ethos but accepted children from all faiths or none. It was established in 1999 and was named after the English church reformer William Tyndale who as well as being a Bible translator was a tutor of children. During its operation Tyndale Academy was one of a very small number of educational settings in the United Kingdom that still condoned corporal punishment as part of its sanctions policy. Although corporal punishment was banned in the United Kingdom schools, Tyndale Academy was able to continue the practise legally as pupils only attended on a part-time basis. As institutions whose pupils attend for less than 21 hours per week do not fall under the legal definition of a school, they are unaffected by the law preventing the use of corporal punishment. This practice caused controversy in 2008 when the government discussed proposals in the Education and Skills Bill 2007 which would embrace Tyndale Academy as an independent educational institution and so render its discipline policy illegal. Following the passing into law of the Education and Skills Bill (2008) Tyndale continued to operate. Over a year after the enactment of the Bill, the DCSF had not undertaken the consultation process which would establish the regulatory framework defining Independent Educational Institutions. This has theoretically meant that it has been possible for Tyndale to continue without any substantive changes to its provision. Draft versions of the Regulations state that the Department is minded to count breaktimes, assemblies and lunch hours as \"time during which education is provided\". This would break with the criteria that is strictly applied to all state run and independent schools. The Department for Children Schools and Families held 11 box files of material on Tyndale the bulk of which it refused to release, arguing legal and ministerial exemptions.<a href=\"http%3A//www.tes.co.uk/Article.aspx%3Fstorycode%3D6024110\"></a>. An in depth interview with Ferris Lindsay, Tyndale's proprietor, took place in the Times Educational Supplement on 20 November 2009. In it, his views on corporal punishment and the more broader matters of what motivated him in establishing Tyndale are discussed." ]
2017 Tour of California (women's race)	2017 Tour of California (women's race) The 2017 Amgen Tour of California Women's Race (also known as the Amgen Breakaway from Heart Disease Women's Race empowered with SRAM for sponsorship reasons) was the third edition of the women's Tour of California cycling stage race. It ran from 11 to 14 May 2017, and was part of the 2017 UCI Women's World Tour; the race started in South Lake Tahoe and finished in Sacramento. The race was won on the final day by rider Anna van der Breggen, surpassing 's Katie Hall thanks to bonus seconds won at an intermediate sprint. As a result, van der Breggen took the lead of the Women's World Tour standings. 17 teams participated in the 2017 Tour of California; 16 teams announced in March 2017, with further amendments made to the field in the week leading up to the race. The full race route was announced on 31 January 2017. In the 2017 Tour of California, five different jerseys were awarded. For the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage, and allowing time bonuses for the first three finishers at intermediate sprints and at the finish of mass-start stages, the leader received a yellow jersey. This classification was considered the most important of the 2017 Tour of California, and the winner of the classification was considered the winner of the race. Additionally, there was a sprints classification, which awarded a green jersey. In the sprints classification, cyclists received points for finishing in the top 10 in a stage. For winning a stage, a rider earned 15 points, with 12 for second, 9 for third, 7 for fourth with a point fewer per place down to a single point for 10th place. Points towards the classification could also be accrued – awarded on a 3–2–1 scale – at intermediate sprint points during each stage; these intermediate sprints also offered bonus seconds towards the general classification. There was also a mountains classification, the leadership of which was marked by a white jersey with red polka dots. In the mountains classification, points were won by reaching the top of a climb before other cyclists, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The fourth jersey represented the young rider classification, marked by a predominantly "white design" jersey. This was decided in the same way as the general classification, but only riders born after 1 January 1992 were eligible to be ranked in the classification. There was also a classification for teams, in which the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added together; the leading team at the end of the race was the team with the lowest total time. In addition, there was a combativity award given after each stage to the rider considered, by a jury, to have "who best exemplifies the character of those engaged in the fight against cancer / heart disease", in line with the jersey's sponsors. This award was marked by a blue jersey.	[ "2017 Tour of California (women's race) The 2017 Amgen Tour of California Women's Race (also known as the Amgen Breakaway from Heart Disease Women's Race empowered with SRAM for sponsorship reasons) was the third edition of the women's Tour of California cycling stage race. It ran from 11 to 14 May 2017, and was part of the 2017 UCI Women's World Tour; the race started in South Lake Tahoe and finished in Sacramento. The race was won on the final day by rider Anna van der Breggen, surpassing 's Katie Hall thanks to bonus seconds won at an intermediate sprint. As a result, van der Breggen took the lead of the Women's World Tour standings. 17 teams participated in the 2017 Tour of California; 16 teams announced in March 2017, with further amendments made to the field in the week leading up to the race. The full race route was announced on 31 January 2017. In the 2017 Tour of California, five different jerseys were awarded. For the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage, and allowing time bonuses for the first three finishers at intermediate sprints and at the finish of mass-start stages, the leader received a yellow jersey. This classification was considered the most important of the 2017 Tour of California, and the winner of the classification was considered the winner of the race. Additionally, there was a sprints classification, which awarded a green jersey. In the sprints classification, cyclists received points for finishing in the top 10 in a stage. For winning a stage, a rider earned 15 points, with 12 for second, 9 for third, 7 for fourth with a point fewer per place down to a single point for 10th place. Points towards the classification could also be accrued – awarded on a 3–2–1 scale – at intermediate sprint points during each stage; these intermediate sprints also offered bonus seconds towards the general classification. There was also a mountains classification, the leadership of which was marked by a white jersey with red polka dots. In the mountains classification, points were won by reaching the top of a climb before other cyclists, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The fourth jersey represented the young rider classification, marked by a predominantly \"white design\" jersey. This was decided in the same way as the general classification, but only riders born after 1 January 1992 were eligible to be ranked in the classification. There was also a classification for teams, in which the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added together; the leading team at the end of the race was the team with the lowest total time. In addition, there was a combativity award given after each stage to the rider considered, by a jury, to have \"who best exemplifies the character of those engaged in the fight against cancer / heart disease\", in line with the jersey's sponsors. This award was marked by a blue jersey." ]
Kardinia International College	Kardinia International College Kardinia International College is an independent school located in Bell Post Hill, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. It is a triple campus college, residing on the site of the former Morongo Girls' College and has two other campuses, one in Lovely Banks, Geelong and another located in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Kardinia International College was founded by the late Yoshimaro Katsumata who purchased Morongo's buildings, grounds, facilities and resources in mid-1995. It first opened in 1996 with 31 secondary students and 42 kindergarten children. The International Baccalaureate has been implemented at the primary years level and at the Diploma level. The word "Kardinia" is a Tasmanian Aboriginal word which means "sunrise" or "new beginning". Gotemba Nishi High School, also owned by Katsumata, is a sister school to Kardinia International College. The construction of a third campus and an Aquatic Centre were announced in 2015 as a part of the 20th anniversary celebrations. In 2015, it was announced that current principal, Mr John Goodfellow, would be retiring as principal after 20 years in the job. Mr Goodfellow will still be heavily involved with the college as college director and Sum Pun director. Mr David Fitzgerald took up the role of principal at the beginning of 2016. 2015 marked an important milestone for the college, it was 20 years since the college began in 1996. The college grew from around 50 students to more than 2000 in 2015. Special events occurred to mark the very special occasion. The annual KICFest was turned into a spectacular event for the students and the public, it included a firework spectacular at the closing of the festival. A special stage production, Onwards, was produced to pay tribute to the 20 years of the college. A whole school photo was taken as well as each student receiving a special 20 years commemoration book outlining the important milestones of the college as well as recognising many achievements. Each student also receive a medallion in memory of the late founders, Mr and Mrs Katsumata. The college's new Aquatic Centre and the new Yr 5 Campus in Moorabool were also announced. The college is divided into four distinct sections: The Senior School utilises a vertical curriculum for years seven to ten. This system is based upon the individual choices of a student. At the beginning of each semester, students are issued with a unique timetable of seven subjects, based upon their preferences. This allows for students to focus heavily on one particular area, or elect to pursue one or more languages. This system does not allow free rein, however, with a minimum number of subjects which must be undertaken in each learning area. For years 11 and 12, there are two options to undertake. The Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) was first implemented in 2000, and is the main high school certificate for year 11 and 12 students in Victoria. In 2005, Kardinia offered the alternative of the International Baccalaureate Diploma. 33 students completed the International Baccalaureate in 2006. The school also implemented the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Program into the junior school. VET (Vocational Education and Training) courses are also available to willing students. Kardinia International College has four houses to which students are allocated, each having a historical meaning. In 2011, a gymnasium/weights room/ theatre complex was established in honour of the school's founders, the Katsumatas. In 2014, a multi-purpose facility was built on location of the previous library in the centre of the senior school. The new facility consists of two buildings. The first is the Learning Commons which includes a library, IT support, offices, student study, photography rooms and classrooms. The second building consisting of classrooms, study rooms and staff offices. As a part of the 20th anniversary celebrations, it was announced that an aquatic centre was to be built along Ballarat Rd. The new building includes two separate swimming pools. The construction of the pool commenced in April 2015 and was completed in July 2016. The centre was officially opened by the founding principal and its namesake, John Goodfellow. Students in Year 9 have the opportunity to travel to Chiang Mai, Thailand. Sum Pun Kardinia is the campus located in Chiang Mai. The duration of the trip is eight weeks, where they take part in many cultural activities such as: a cooking class, Buddhism studies, a community service project, attend a novice monk school and much more. In 2015, construction began on a rural campus for year 5 students. The campus would include farm like lifestyle including farm animals and veggie gardens as well as a residence. The campus was completed in mid-2016. The College Song 'Bridges To The Future' was composed by Debbie Howard. Several students were involved in the creation and distribution of a controversial DVD first seen in the media in October 2006. According to the college principal one student was expelled, along with a school investigation into two other students who "may have had some involvement". These students have since been expelled .	[ "Kardinia International College Kardinia International College is an independent school located in Bell Post Hill, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. It is a triple campus college, residing on the site of the former Morongo Girls' College and has two other campuses, one in Lovely Banks, Geelong and another located in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Kardinia International College was founded by the late Yoshimaro Katsumata who purchased Morongo's buildings, grounds, facilities and resources in mid-1995. It first opened in 1996 with 31 secondary students and 42 kindergarten children. The International Baccalaureate has been implemented at the primary years level and at the Diploma level. The word \"Kardinia\" is a Tasmanian Aboriginal word which means \"sunrise\" or \"new beginning\". Gotemba Nishi High School, also owned by Katsumata, is a sister school to Kardinia International College. The construction of a third campus and an Aquatic Centre were announced in 2015 as a part of the 20th anniversary celebrations. In 2015, it was announced that current principal, Mr John Goodfellow, would be retiring as principal after 20 years in the job. Mr Goodfellow will still be heavily involved with the college as college director and Sum Pun director. Mr David Fitzgerald took up the role of principal at the beginning of 2016. 2015 marked an important milestone for the college, it was 20 years since the college began in 1996. The college grew from around 50 students to more than 2000 in 2015. Special events occurred to mark the very special occasion. The annual KICFest was turned into a spectacular event for the students and the public, it included a firework spectacular at the closing of the festival. A special stage production, Onwards, was produced to pay tribute to the 20 years of the college. A whole school photo was taken as well as each student receiving a special 20 years commemoration book outlining the important milestones of the college as well as recognising many achievements. Each student also receive a medallion in memory of the late founders, Mr and Mrs Katsumata. The college's new Aquatic Centre and the new Yr 5 Campus in Moorabool were also announced. The college is divided into four distinct sections: The Senior School utilises a vertical curriculum for years seven to ten. This system is based upon the individual choices of a student. At the beginning of each semester, students are issued with a unique timetable of seven subjects, based upon their preferences. This allows for students to focus heavily on one particular area, or elect to pursue one or more languages. This system does not allow free rein, however, with a minimum number of subjects which must be undertaken in each learning area. For years 11 and 12, there are two options to undertake. The Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) was first implemented in 2000, and is the main high school certificate for year 11 and 12 students in Victoria. In 2005, Kardinia offered the alternative of the International Baccalaureate Diploma. 33 students completed the International Baccalaureate in 2006. The school also implemented the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Program into the junior school. VET (Vocational Education and Training) courses are also available to willing students. Kardinia International College has four houses to which students are allocated, each having a historical meaning. In 2011, a gymnasium/weights room/ theatre complex was established in honour of the school's founders, the Katsumatas. In 2014, a multi-purpose facility was built on location of the previous library in the centre of the senior school. The new facility consists of two buildings. The first is the Learning Commons which includes a library, IT support, offices, student study, photography rooms and classrooms. The second building consisting of classrooms, study rooms and staff offices. As a part of the 20th anniversary celebrations, it was announced that an aquatic centre was to be built along Ballarat Rd. The new building includes two separate swimming pools. The construction of the pool commenced in April 2015 and was completed in July 2016. The centre was officially opened by the founding principal and its namesake, John Goodfellow. Students in Year 9 have the opportunity to travel to Chiang Mai, Thailand. Sum Pun Kardinia is the campus located in Chiang Mai. The duration of the trip is eight weeks, where they take part in many cultural activities such as: a cooking class, Buddhism studies, a community service project, attend a novice monk school and much more. In 2015, construction began on a rural campus for year 5 students. The campus would include farm like lifestyle including farm animals and veggie gardens as well as a residence. The campus was completed in mid-2016. The College Song 'Bridges To The Future' was composed by Debbie Howard. Several students were involved in the creation and distribution of a controversial DVD first seen in the media in October 2006. According to the college principal one student was expelled, along with a school investigation into two other students who \"may have had some involvement\". These students have since been expelled ." ]
ENAC Foundation	ENAC Foundation The ENAC Foundation (French: "Fondation de l'École nationale de l'aviation civile") was founded in 2012. The goal of the Foundation, as was put forward by École nationale de l'aviation civile, is to promote scientific and public interest activities in aviation, aerospace and aeronautics. Subject covers include international development, research, financial aids and innovation. After the creation of the Foundation in 2012, the first scholarships have been given in 2014, in order to promote international mobility. In 2015, the first research chair in UAV is built, in partnership with Ineo, Cofely and Sagem. The foundation is supported by GIFAS since 2017.	[ "ENAC Foundation The ENAC Foundation (French: \"Fondation de l'École nationale de l'aviation civile\") was founded in 2012. The goal of the Foundation, as was put forward by École nationale de l'aviation civile, is to promote scientific and public interest activities in aviation, aerospace and aeronautics. Subject covers include international development, research, financial aids and innovation. After the creation of the Foundation in 2012, the first scholarships have been given in 2014, in order to promote international mobility. In 2015, the first research chair in UAV is built, in partnership with Ineo, Cofely and Sagem. The foundation is supported by GIFAS since 2017." ]
Fortitude (1780 EIC ship)	Fortitude (1780 EIC ship) Fortitude was a merchant vessel built in 1780 on the River Thames. A French frigate captured her in 1782 while she was on the return leg of her maiden voyage to India as an East Indiaman for the British East India Company (EIC). However, the British recaptured her in October 1782. The EIC purchased her and sent her back to England. There, in 1785, George Macartney Macauley purchased her and renamed her "Pitt". She then performed five voyages for the British East India Company (EIC) between 1786 and 1798. In between, she made one journey transporting convicts from England to New South Wales. She was broken up in 1801. Captain Charles Gregorie (or Gregory) left Portsmouth on 13 March 1781 bound for Madras and Bengal. "Fortitude" was part of a convoy of Indiamen and transports under the escort of a British squadron under Commodore George Johnstone, who was sailing to capture the Cape Colony. On 16 April the French attacked the British squadron and convoy at the battle of Porto Praya, off São Tiago. The French captured "Fortitude", but as her captors towed her out to sea, her crew and the troops of the 92nd Regiment of Foot she was transporting, re-captured her; she rejoined the British convoy a few days later. "Fortitude" reached Madras on 17 August and arrived at Kedgeree on 28 September. She passed Saugor on 10 November and arrived at Madras on 10 December. Homeward-bound, she passed Kedgeree on 16 February 1782 and reached "Cockelee" on 8 May. The French frigate "Fine" captured "Fortitude" on 23 June. When the French captured her they freed some eight men from "Artésien", who had been part of the French prize crew at the battle of Porto Praya. The French then sold "Fortitude" to Portuguese merchants at Calcutta. The EIC purchased her in October at Madras for Rs.35,000, and used her to convey General Stuart and his staff back to England. "Fortitude" arrived back in the River Thames on 21 January 1785. George Macaulay purchased her on 29 October 1785 and renamed her "Pitt". Captain George Cowper sailed from the Downs on 28 March 1786, bound for China. "Pitt" arrived at Whampoa on 30 August. Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar, which is about 20 miles downriver from Whampoa, on 20 January 1787, and reached St Helena on 26 May. She arrived at the Downs on 6 August. Cowper died almost immediately thereafter. Cowper's replacement, Captain Edward Manning, left the Downs on 26 December 1788, bound for St Helena, Benkulen, and China. "Pitt" reached St Helena on 29 March 1789 and Benkulen on 14 July, and arrived at Whampoa on 30 November. She crossed the Second Bar on 19 February 1790, reached St Helena on 11 June, and arrived at the Downs on 7 August. Under Manning's command, "Pitt" sailed from Yarmouth Roads, England on 17 July 1791, with 352 male and 58 female convicts. She also carried Lieutenant-Governor Francis Grose and a company of the New South Wales Corps, as well as wives and children of the passengers and convicts. During the roughly two weeks after she left St Jago, a fever broke out that killed seven seamen, 18 soldiers, four soldiers' wives, five soldiers' children, 16 convicts, and two convicts' children. Manning had to free some convicts so that they could help man the vessel. "Pitt" arrived at Rio de Janeiro on 1 October, and stayed there more than three weeks, leaving on 25 October. While she was there, four convicts took advantage of their freedom to escape; another escaped when "Pit" stopped at the Cape. "Pitt" arrived at Port Jackson, New South Wales on 14 February 1792. Twenty male and nine female convicts died during the voyage. Total deaths, not including children, numbered 49. Five male convicts escaped during the voyage, four in Rio and one at the Cape. At the Cape, the Dutch authorities later recaptured the escapee from "Pitt", the convicted forger and future Australian artist Thomas Watling, and put him aboard "Royal Admiral". ("Pitt", "Royal Admiral", and "Kitty", the three convict transports that arrived in Australia in 1792, are often referred to as the Fourth Fleet.) "Pitt" brought with her what would be the "Francis". "Francis" was a 41-ton (bm) colonial schooner that was partially constructed at the Deptford Dockyard, England, and loaded aboard "Pitt" in frame. "Pitt" departed Port Jackson in March 1792 for England, via Batavia and Bengal. In sailing north from Port Jackson, Manning sailed through the Solomon Islands into New Georgia Sound, and then north in the passage to the Pacific between Choiseul Island and Santa Isabel Island. This he named Manning Straits, which name it retains to this day. Sikopo island () lies within the strait. "Pitt"s next three voyages took place during the French Revolutionary Wars. Her masters, like virtually all EIC captains, procured letters of marque. These authorized the captains to engage in offensive action against the French or their allies, should the occasion arise. This voyage brought "Pitt" home after her voyage to Australia. Manning and "Pitt" left Diamond Harbour on 17 December 1792. She reached the Cape on 21 March 1793, St Helena on 14 April, Cork on 29 June, and Portsmouth on 13 July. She arrived at the Downs on 7 August. Manning was issued his first letter of marque on 23 April 1793, shortly after war began, and effectively while "Pitt" was between St Helena and home. Manning received a second letter of marque on 6 June 1794. He sailed from Plymouth on 23 June 1794, bound for Bengal. "Pitt" reached the Cape on 9 September and Diamond Harbour on 7 December. Homeward bound, she passed Saugor on 18 February 1795, reached St Helena on 18 June and the River Shannon on 11 September, and arrived at the Downs on 15 October. Captain John Gerrard replaced Manning for "Pitt"s last voyage for the EIC. He received a letter of marque on 26 May 1796, and sailed from Portsmouth on 11 August 1796, bound for Madras and Bengal. "Pitt" reached the Cape on 18 November and arrived at Madras on 17 February 1797. She reached Kedgeree on 28 February. She was at Diamond Harbour on 20 March. She passed Kedgeree on 1 July, and stopped at Madras again on 15 August. From there she returned to Diamond Harbour, which she reached on 23 September, and was at Calcutta on 4 October. The reason for the to-and-fro was that the British government planned an expedition 1797-8 against Manila. (One of the Royal Navy vessels involved appears to have been HMS "Sybille".) The EIC held eight regular ships, and three "dismantled ships" in India to support the expedition. None of the three went to Penang, but instead went to the Coromandel Coast with stores and back to Bengal. A peace treaty with Spain resulted in the British cancelling the planned expedition. Of the three dismantled ships, "Pitt", "Lascalles", and "Royal Admiral", it held "Pitt" for 229 days. For "Pitt", he owners claimed demurrage of £6,655 6s 3d. Gerrard sued the EIC for £4,000 for extra expenses, including £2,500 loss on the sale of investments "under prime costs". The court awarded him £250 and £750. The court further ordered that the officers of the vessels involved receive some payment. "Pitt"s officers received £200 in all, with her chief mate receiving £40, her purser £16, and the other officers intermediate amounts. Homeward bound, "Pitt" passed Saugor on 24 December, reached the Cape on 23 April 1798, and arrived at the Downs on 2 August. In 1798 Wells sold "Pitt" to Wildman & Co., London. They then hired her out, under the command of Captain Sewell, to carry troops to the Cape of Good Hope. In 1801 her owners sold her for breaking up. Notes Citations References	[ "Fortitude (1780 EIC ship) Fortitude was a merchant vessel built in 1780 on the River Thames. A French frigate captured her in 1782 while she was on the return leg of her maiden voyage to India as an East Indiaman for the British East India Company (EIC). However, the British recaptured her in October 1782. The EIC purchased her and sent her back to England. There, in 1785, George Macartney Macauley purchased her and renamed her \"Pitt\". She then performed five voyages for the British East India Company (EIC) between 1786 and 1798. In between, she made one journey transporting convicts from England to New South Wales. She was broken up in 1801. Captain Charles Gregorie (or Gregory) left Portsmouth on 13 March 1781 bound for Madras and Bengal. \"Fortitude\" was part of a convoy of Indiamen and transports under the escort of a British squadron under Commodore George Johnstone, who was sailing to capture the Cape Colony. On 16 April the French attacked the British squadron and convoy at the battle of Porto Praya, off São Tiago. The French captured \"Fortitude\", but as her captors towed her out to sea, her crew and the troops of the 92nd Regiment of Foot she was transporting, re-captured her; she rejoined the British convoy a few days later. \"Fortitude\" reached Madras on 17 August and arrived at Kedgeree on 28 September. She passed Saugor on 10 November and arrived at Madras on 10 December. Homeward-bound, she passed Kedgeree on 16 February 1782 and reached \"Cockelee\" on 8 May. The French frigate \"Fine\" captured \"Fortitude\" on 23 June. When the French captured her they freed some eight men from \"Artésien\", who had been part of the French prize crew at the battle of Porto Praya. The French then sold \"Fortitude\" to Portuguese merchants at Calcutta. The EIC purchased her in October at Madras for Rs.35,000, and used her to convey General Stuart and his staff back to England. \"Fortitude\" arrived back in the River Thames on 21 January 1785. George Macaulay purchased her on 29 October 1785 and renamed her \"Pitt\". Captain George Cowper sailed from the Downs on 28 March 1786, bound for China. \"Pitt\" arrived at Whampoa on 30 August. Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar, which is about 20 miles downriver from Whampoa, on 20 January 1787, and reached St Helena on 26 May. She arrived at the Downs on 6 August. Cowper died almost immediately thereafter. Cowper's replacement, Captain Edward Manning, left the Downs on 26 December 1788, bound for St Helena, Benkulen, and China. \"Pitt\" reached St Helena on 29 March 1789 and Benkulen on 14 July, and arrived at Whampoa on 30 November. She crossed the Second Bar on 19 February 1790, reached St Helena on 11 June, and arrived at the Downs on 7 August. Under Manning's command, \"Pitt\" sailed from Yarmouth Roads, England on 17 July 1791, with 352 male and 58 female convicts. She also carried Lieutenant-Governor Francis Grose and a company of the New South Wales Corps, as well as wives and children of the passengers and convicts. During the roughly two weeks after she left St Jago, a fever broke out that killed seven seamen, 18 soldiers, four soldiers' wives, five soldiers' children, 16 convicts, and two convicts' children. Manning had to free some convicts so that they could help man the vessel. \"Pitt\" arrived at Rio de Janeiro on 1 October, and stayed there more than three weeks, leaving on 25 October. While she was there, four convicts took advantage of their freedom to escape; another escaped when \"Pit\" stopped at the Cape. \"Pitt\" arrived at Port Jackson, New South Wales on 14 February 1792. Twenty male and nine female convicts died during the voyage. Total deaths, not including children, numbered 49. Five male convicts escaped during the voyage, four in Rio and one at the Cape. At the Cape, the Dutch authorities later recaptured the escapee from \"Pitt\", the convicted forger and future Australian artist Thomas Watling, and put him aboard \"Royal Admiral\". (\"Pitt\", \"Royal Admiral\", and \"Kitty\", the three convict transports that arrived in Australia in 1792, are often referred to as the Fourth Fleet.) \"Pitt\" brought with her what would be the \"Francis\". \"Francis\" was a 41-ton (bm) colonial schooner that was partially constructed at the Deptford Dockyard, England, and loaded aboard \"Pitt\" in frame. \"Pitt\" departed Port Jackson in March 1792 for England, via Batavia and Bengal. In sailing north from Port Jackson, Manning sailed through the Solomon Islands into New Georgia Sound, and then north in the passage to the Pacific between Choiseul Island and Santa Isabel Island. This he named Manning Straits, which name it retains to this day. Sikopo island () lies within the strait. \"Pitt\"s next three voyages took place during the French Revolutionary Wars. Her masters, like virtually all EIC captains, procured letters of marque. These authorized the captains to engage in offensive action against the French or their allies, should the occasion arise.", "These authorized the captains to engage in offensive action against the French or their allies, should the occasion arise. This voyage brought \"Pitt\" home after her voyage to Australia. Manning and \"Pitt\" left Diamond Harbour on 17 December 1792. She reached the Cape on 21 March 1793, St Helena on 14 April, Cork on 29 June, and Portsmouth on 13 July. She arrived at the Downs on 7 August. Manning was issued his first letter of marque on 23 April 1793, shortly after war began, and effectively while \"Pitt\" was between St Helena and home. Manning received a second letter of marque on 6 June 1794. He sailed from Plymouth on 23 June 1794, bound for Bengal. \"Pitt\" reached the Cape on 9 September and Diamond Harbour on 7 December. Homeward bound, she passed Saugor on 18 February 1795, reached St Helena on 18 June and the River Shannon on 11 September, and arrived at the Downs on 15 October. Captain John Gerrard replaced Manning for \"Pitt\"s last voyage for the EIC. He received a letter of marque on 26 May 1796, and sailed from Portsmouth on 11 August 1796, bound for Madras and Bengal. \"Pitt\" reached the Cape on 18 November and arrived at Madras on 17 February 1797. She reached Kedgeree on 28 February. She was at Diamond Harbour on 20 March. She passed Kedgeree on 1 July, and stopped at Madras again on 15 August. From there she returned to Diamond Harbour, which she reached on 23 September, and was at Calcutta on 4 October. The reason for the to-and-fro was that the British government planned an expedition 1797-8 against Manila. (One of the Royal Navy vessels involved appears to have been HMS \"Sybille\".) The EIC held eight regular ships, and three \"dismantled ships\" in India to support the expedition. None of the three went to Penang, but instead went to the Coromandel Coast with stores and back to Bengal. A peace treaty with Spain resulted in the British cancelling the planned expedition. Of the three dismantled ships, \"Pitt\", \"Lascalles\", and \"Royal Admiral\", it held \"Pitt\" for 229 days. For \"Pitt\", he owners claimed demurrage of £6,655 6s 3d. Gerrard sued the EIC for £4,000 for extra expenses, including £2,500 loss on the sale of investments \"under prime costs\". The court awarded him £250 and £750. The court further ordered that the officers of the vessels involved receive some payment. \"Pitt\"s officers received £200 in all, with her chief mate receiving £40, her purser £16, and the other officers intermediate amounts. Homeward bound, \"Pitt\" passed Saugor on 24 December, reached the Cape on 23 April 1798, and arrived at the Downs on 2 August. In 1798 Wells sold \"Pitt\" to Wildman & Co., London. They then hired her out, under the command of Captain Sewell, to carry troops to the Cape of Good Hope. In 1801 her owners sold her for breaking up. Notes Citations References" ]
Samuel Armacost	Samuel Armacost Samuel Henry Armacost (born March 29, 1939) is an American business executive who was formerly the president, director, and CEO of BankAmerica Corporation. He has chaired or served on the boards of directors of major organizations such as SRI International and Chevron Corporation. Armacost holds a BA in economics from Denison University and an MBA from Stanford University. President, director and chief executive officer of BankAmerica Corporation from 1981 until 1986, where his tenure was controversial. Managing director of Merrill Lynch Capital Markets from 1987 until 1990. Managing director of Weiss, Peck & Greer L.L.C. from 1990 until 1998. He was the chairman of SRI International, formerly Stanford Research Institute, an independent research, technology development and commercialization organization, from 1998 to 2010, and has been a member of the board of directors since 1981. He has also been the lead director of Chevron Corporation since 1982. Other board of director positions include Callaway Golf Company, Del Monte Foods, and Exponent Inc. He is a member of the Advisory Board of the California Academy of Sciences. From 1971 to 1972, he served as an advisor to the State Department's Office of Monetary Affairs.	[ "Samuel Armacost Samuel Henry Armacost (born March 29, 1939) is an American business executive who was formerly the president, director, and CEO of BankAmerica Corporation. He has chaired or served on the boards of directors of major organizations such as SRI International and Chevron Corporation. Armacost holds a BA in economics from Denison University and an MBA from Stanford University. President, director and chief executive officer of BankAmerica Corporation from 1981 until 1986, where his tenure was controversial. Managing director of Merrill Lynch Capital Markets from 1987 until 1990. Managing director of Weiss, Peck & Greer L.L.C. from 1990 until 1998. He was the chairman of SRI International, formerly Stanford Research Institute, an independent research, technology development and commercialization organization, from 1998 to 2010, and has been a member of the board of directors since 1981. He has also been the lead director of Chevron Corporation since 1982. Other board of director positions include Callaway Golf Company, Del Monte Foods, and Exponent Inc. He is a member of the Advisory Board of the California Academy of Sciences. From 1971 to 1972, he served as an advisor to the State Department's Office of Monetary Affairs." ]
1965 Canadian federal election	1965 Canadian federal election The Canadian federal election of 1965 was held on November 8 to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 27th Parliament of Canada. The Liberal Party of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson was re-elected with a larger number of seats in the House. Although the Liberals lost a small share of the popular vote, they were able to win more seats, but fell just short of having a majority. The Liberals campaigned on their record of having kept the promises made in the 1963 campaign, job creation, lowering income taxes, higher wages, higher family allowances and student loans. They promised to implement a national medicare program by 1967, and the Canada Pension Plan system of public pensions. They urged voters to give them a majority for "five more years of prosperity". The party campaigned under the slogans, "Good Things Happen When a Government Cares About People", and, "For Continued Prosperity". The Progressive Conservative Party of John Diefenbaker, campaigning with the slogan, "Policies for People, Policies for Progress", lost a small number of seats. Despite losing a second time, Diefenbaker refused to resign as party leader, and was eventually forced from the position by a campaign by the party president Dalton Camp. Diefenbaker ran to succeed himself in the party's 1967 leadership convention, but lost to Robert Stanfield. Old age pensions were an important issue in this campaign. The Liberal Party pointed to having increased the pension to $75 per month for persons 70 years of age and older, put in place plans to reduce the eligibility age to 65 by 1970, and to add a "Canada Assistance Program" payment for seniors with lower incomes. The PCs promised to increase OAP to $100 per month for all those 70 years old and over. The New Democratic Party of Tommy Douglas, campaigning under the slogan, "Fed up? Speak up! Vote for the New Democrats!", increased its share of the popular vote by more than four and a half percentage points, but in winning only four extra seats, it continued to fail to make the electoral break-through that was hoped for when the party was founded in 1960. The Social Credit Party of Canada was split in two before this election: Réal Caouette led French-Canadian Socreds out of the party into the new "Ralliement créditiste" (Social Credit Rally), and won more seats than the old party. Robert N. Thompson continued to lead the Social Credit Party in English-speaking Canada, but lost a significant share of the vote. This would be the last time that the Social Credit Party elected federal candidates outside Quebec. This was the first election for the Rhinoceros Party of Canada, a satirical party led by Cornelius the First. The party fielded only one candidate. Cornelius, a resident of the Granby zoo, who did not seek election because Canadian election law does not permit rhinoceroses (or other zoo animals) to seek election. In order to govern, the minority Liberals relied on the New Democratic Party, and occasionally other smaller opposition parties in order to remain in power. Pearson announced his intention to resign as Liberal leader in December 1967, and was replaced the following April by Pierre Trudeau. Notably, this election marked the last time that a single conservative party did not win an absolute majority of the vote in Alberta (although the totals of the Progressive Conservatives and Social Credit combined did add up to over two thirds of the vote in that province). Liberal Party: Progressive Conservative Party: New Democratic Party: Social Credit Party: Ralliement des creditistes/Social Credit Rally: "Source: The Globe and Mail newspaper, October 1965." Notes: "% change" refers to change from previous election x - less than 0.005% of the popular vote	[ "1965 Canadian federal election The Canadian federal election of 1965 was held on November 8 to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 27th Parliament of Canada. The Liberal Party of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson was re-elected with a larger number of seats in the House. Although the Liberals lost a small share of the popular vote, they were able to win more seats, but fell just short of having a majority. The Liberals campaigned on their record of having kept the promises made in the 1963 campaign, job creation, lowering income taxes, higher wages, higher family allowances and student loans. They promised to implement a national medicare program by 1967, and the Canada Pension Plan system of public pensions. They urged voters to give them a majority for \"five more years of prosperity\". The party campaigned under the slogans, \"Good Things Happen When a Government Cares About People\", and, \"For Continued Prosperity\". The Progressive Conservative Party of John Diefenbaker, campaigning with the slogan, \"Policies for People, Policies for Progress\", lost a small number of seats. Despite losing a second time, Diefenbaker refused to resign as party leader, and was eventually forced from the position by a campaign by the party president Dalton Camp. Diefenbaker ran to succeed himself in the party's 1967 leadership convention, but lost to Robert Stanfield. Old age pensions were an important issue in this campaign. The Liberal Party pointed to having increased the pension to $75 per month for persons 70 years of age and older, put in place plans to reduce the eligibility age to 65 by 1970, and to add a \"Canada Assistance Program\" payment for seniors with lower incomes. The PCs promised to increase OAP to $100 per month for all those 70 years old and over. The New Democratic Party of Tommy Douglas, campaigning under the slogan, \"Fed up? Speak up! Vote for the New Democrats! \", increased its share of the popular vote by more than four and a half percentage points, but in winning only four extra seats, it continued to fail to make the electoral break-through that was hoped for when the party was founded in 1960. The Social Credit Party of Canada was split in two before this election: Réal Caouette led French-Canadian Socreds out of the party into the new \"Ralliement créditiste\" (Social Credit Rally), and won more seats than the old party. Robert N. Thompson continued to lead the Social Credit Party in English-speaking Canada, but lost a significant share of the vote. This would be the last time that the Social Credit Party elected federal candidates outside Quebec. This was the first election for the Rhinoceros Party of Canada, a satirical party led by Cornelius the First. The party fielded only one candidate. Cornelius, a resident of the Granby zoo, who did not seek election because Canadian election law does not permit rhinoceroses (or other zoo animals) to seek election. In order to govern, the minority Liberals relied on the New Democratic Party, and occasionally other smaller opposition parties in order to remain in power. Pearson announced his intention to resign as Liberal leader in December 1967, and was replaced the following April by Pierre Trudeau. Notably, this election marked the last time that a single conservative party did not win an absolute majority of the vote in Alberta (although the totals of the Progressive Conservatives and Social Credit combined did add up to over two thirds of the vote in that province). Liberal Party: Progressive Conservative Party: New Democratic Party: Social Credit Party: Ralliement des creditistes/Social Credit Rally: \"Source: The Globe and Mail newspaper, October 1965.\" Notes: \"% change\" refers to change from previous election x - less than 0.005% of the popular vote" ]
Amsterdam Oud-West	Amsterdam Oud-West Oud-West is a neighborhood of Amsterdam, Netherlands, roughly covering the area between the Overtoom, a major thoroughfare west of the city centre, and the parallel De Clercqstraat, a shopping street. The exact boundaries are the Vondelpark and the Singelgracht, Hugo de Grootgracht and Kostverlorenvaart canals. The neighbourhood consists of two historically and demographically distinct communities: the Overtoombuurt in the south and the Kinkerbuurt in the north. Oud-West was a separate borough of Amsterdam until the 2010 borough reforms, when it merged with the boroughs of Bos en Lommer, De Baarsjes and Westerpark to form the larger borough of Amsterdam-West. As of 2003, the neighbourhood counts 31,741 inhabitants representing 177 nationalities. The area of Oud-West is approximately 1.70 km² large. Main shopping areas are the Kinkerstraat, De Clercqstraat, Jan Pieter Heijestraat, Overtoom, and Eerste Constantijn Huygensstraat. Oud-West is served by tram routes 1, 7 and 17 connecting the centre of the city with the western suburbs via the Overtoom (route 1) and Kinkerstraat (routes 7 and 17), as well as routes 3 and 12 running along the Eerste Constantijn Huygensstraat.	[ "Amsterdam Oud-West Oud-West is a neighborhood of Amsterdam, Netherlands, roughly covering the area between the Overtoom, a major thoroughfare west of the city centre, and the parallel De Clercqstraat, a shopping street. The exact boundaries are the Vondelpark and the Singelgracht, Hugo de Grootgracht and Kostverlorenvaart canals. The neighbourhood consists of two historically and demographically distinct communities: the Overtoombuurt in the south and the Kinkerbuurt in the north. Oud-West was a separate borough of Amsterdam until the 2010 borough reforms, when it merged with the boroughs of Bos en Lommer, De Baarsjes and Westerpark to form the larger borough of Amsterdam-West. As of 2003, the neighbourhood counts 31,741 inhabitants representing 177 nationalities. The area of Oud-West is approximately 1.70 km² large. Main shopping areas are the Kinkerstraat, De Clercqstraat, Jan Pieter Heijestraat, Overtoom, and Eerste Constantijn Huygensstraat. Oud-West is served by tram routes 1, 7 and 17 connecting the centre of the city with the western suburbs via the Overtoom (route 1) and Kinkerstraat (routes 7 and 17), as well as routes 3 and 12 running along the Eerste Constantijn Huygensstraat." ]
Spark (novel)	Spark (novel) Spark is John Twelve Hawks' fourth novel, published in 2014 in the United States and Great Britain. It is a stand-alone novel that does not use the characters or setting of Hawks' Fourth Realm Trilogy. Film rights for the book were sold to Dreamworks. "Spark" is describes a dystopian world set a few years in the future. Because of a world-wide terrorist attack called "The Day of Rage," mass surveillance has become public and pervasive. Almost everyone carries an identification card or a radio-frequency identification chip implanted under the skin. The chip can be read by the Eye system, "allowing the government to track physical movement and determine if an individual is operating outside of his/her normal parameters." In addition, robots are beginning to replace the human work force. There is growing unemployment and neo-Luddite group called "The Sons of Ned" organizes demonstrations and commits acts of violence. In her New York Times review, Janet Maslin pointed out that René Descartes’s famous statement Cogito, ergo sum "comes up repeatedly as a matter of crucial important in a world where artificial intelligence grows more powerful every day." The book is a first person novel narrated by Jacob Underwood, a man who has suffered a severe brain injury after a motorcycle accident. Underwood suffers from Cotard delusion, a real-life neurological condition in which the afflicted person thinks that he or she is dead. He has created an elaborate epistemological system based on his belief that he is a "Shell" (a body) that contains a "Spark" (his conscious self). Underwood is hired by the Brooks Danford Group, a New York investment bank, to work as an assassin, eliminating threats to the bank's clients. "Underwood’s strength as a hired killer is the emotionless, robotic nature that allows him to operate with logical, ruthless precision." Miss Holquist is Underwood's handler at the bank (she never reveals her real name). Although she has two daughters—one about to be married—she is a ruthless individual who has no belief in any kind of larger morality. In a crucial speech, she reduces that world to sub-atomic particles: “Everything that goes on in the universe is a physical process that involves boson particles that have an integer spin such as one or two, and fermion particles that have odd, half-integer spins.” Emily Buchanan is young executive working for the investment bank that disappears with some top secret information. She turns out to be involved with "anti-social" groups that are opposed to the system of government control and surveillance. Critical reaction to "Spark" was generally positive. In a starred review in Booklist, reviewer David Pitt wrote: "It’s been several years since the Fourth Realm trilogy ended, and some readers might have wondered if the author had only one story to tell. But guess what? As good as the Fourth Realm books were, this one may be even more appealing: less fantastic, more grounded in a contemporary real world, with a narrator who is deeply scarred and endlessly fascinating." In her "Washington Post" review, Nancy Hightower wrote that the novel "is a fantastic blend of action and deeper questions about what it means to be human." In October, 2013 "Deadline" reported that the film rights to "Spark" were sold to Dreamworks.	[ "Spark (novel) Spark is John Twelve Hawks' fourth novel, published in 2014 in the United States and Great Britain. It is a stand-alone novel that does not use the characters or setting of Hawks' Fourth Realm Trilogy. Film rights for the book were sold to Dreamworks. \"Spark\" is describes a dystopian world set a few years in the future. Because of a world-wide terrorist attack called \"The Day of Rage,\" mass surveillance has become public and pervasive. Almost everyone carries an identification card or a radio-frequency identification chip implanted under the skin. The chip can be read by the Eye system, \"allowing the government to track physical movement and determine if an individual is operating outside of his/her normal parameters.\" In addition, robots are beginning to replace the human work force. There is growing unemployment and neo-Luddite group called \"The Sons of Ned\" organizes demonstrations and commits acts of violence. In her New York Times review, Janet Maslin pointed out that René Descartes’s famous statement Cogito, ergo sum \"comes up repeatedly as a matter of crucial important in a world where artificial intelligence grows more powerful every day.\" The book is a first person novel narrated by Jacob Underwood, a man who has suffered a severe brain injury after a motorcycle accident. Underwood suffers from Cotard delusion, a real-life neurological condition in which the afflicted person thinks that he or she is dead. He has created an elaborate epistemological system based on his belief that he is a \"Shell\" (a body) that contains a \"Spark\" (his conscious self). Underwood is hired by the Brooks Danford Group, a New York investment bank, to work as an assassin, eliminating threats to the bank's clients. \"Underwood’s strength as a hired killer is the emotionless, robotic nature that allows him to operate with logical, ruthless precision.\" Miss Holquist is Underwood's handler at the bank (she never reveals her real name). Although she has two daughters—one about to be married—she is a ruthless individual who has no belief in any kind of larger morality. In a crucial speech, she reduces that world to sub-atomic particles: “Everything that goes on in the universe is a physical process that involves boson particles that have an integer spin such as one or two, and fermion particles that have odd, half-integer spins.” Emily Buchanan is young executive working for the investment bank that disappears with some top secret information. She turns out to be involved with \"anti-social\" groups that are opposed to the system of government control and surveillance. Critical reaction to \"Spark\" was generally positive. In a starred review in Booklist, reviewer David Pitt wrote: \"It’s been several years since the Fourth Realm trilogy ended, and some readers might have wondered if the author had only one story to tell. But guess what? As good as the Fourth Realm books were, this one may be even more appealing: less fantastic, more grounded in a contemporary real world, with a narrator who is deeply scarred and endlessly fascinating.\" In her \"Washington Post\" review, Nancy Hightower wrote that the novel \"is a fantastic blend of action and deeper questions about what it means to be human.\" In October, 2013 \"Deadline\" reported that the film rights to \"Spark\" were sold to Dreamworks." ]
Zachary Hietala	Zachary Hietala Sakari "Zachary, Saku" Hietala (born August 10, 1962 in Tervo, Finland) is guitarist, co-songwriter and founding member of Finnish heavy metal band "Tarot" (formerly "Purgatory") in early 80's, together with his younger brother Marco Hietala, who joined "Nightwish" in 2001. Zachary works as a youth instructor in his hometown, Kuopio, as well as teaching music theory to ninth and tenth grade students, and takes part in the management of the official "Tarot" website, responding to questions and comments made by fans on the forum. Zachary is friendly and fun loving. "Tarot" has so far released eight studio albums, latest has been released in early 2010. The next year after, the band rerecorded The Spell of Iron with updated sound and few lyric changes. Zachary Hietala plays guitar in "Marenne", and is one of the composers in the band's debut album that was released in February 2009. Zachary married in 2006, to Nina. They have a dog and a mini pig. Zac's armory consists of custom Kramers, Charvels, LAG, ESP, Tokai and plays through a Marshall stack.	[ "Zachary Hietala Sakari \"Zachary, Saku\" Hietala (born August 10, 1962 in Tervo, Finland) is guitarist, co-songwriter and founding member of Finnish heavy metal band \"Tarot\" (formerly \"Purgatory\") in early 80's, together with his younger brother Marco Hietala, who joined \"Nightwish\" in 2001. Zachary works as a youth instructor in his hometown, Kuopio, as well as teaching music theory to ninth and tenth grade students, and takes part in the management of the official \"Tarot\" website, responding to questions and comments made by fans on the forum. Zachary is friendly and fun loving. \"Tarot\" has so far released eight studio albums, latest has been released in early 2010. The next year after, the band rerecorded The Spell of Iron with updated sound and few lyric changes. Zachary Hietala plays guitar in \"Marenne\", and is one of the composers in the band's debut album that was released in February 2009. Zachary married in 2006, to Nina. They have a dog and a mini pig. Zac's armory consists of custom Kramers, Charvels, LAG, ESP, Tokai and plays through a Marshall stack." ]
Azalea Trail Run	Azalea Trail Run The Azalea Trail Run is an annual road running event held in late March in Mobile, Alabama which is considered one of the United States' premier road races. Runners, walkers, and wheelchair athletes from around the world and at all levels turn out for the event. The 10-kilometer race is known for its fast, flat course along Mobile’s oak shaded streets and has seen blistering records set by runners since its inception. The 2015 race will be the 38th annual running. In 2001, Joseph Kimani of Kenya finished within two seconds of setting a new world record in the men's open division in 27:41. John Campbell of New Zealand established a world’s best time for a male masters athlete (over 50 years of age) in 1999 with his time of 31:02. In 1994, Martin Mondragon of Mexico set the current world record for men masters, at 28:56. The two-day family, friendly event was founded in 1978 and includes a world class 10K race, a fun run, and a Health and Fitness Expo. The ATR is produced by the Port City Pacers, a local nonprofit organization with the mission of promoting health and fitness through running and walking. 2,000 participants attended the 2015 race. Key:	[ "Azalea Trail Run The Azalea Trail Run is an annual road running event held in late March in Mobile, Alabama which is considered one of the United States' premier road races. Runners, walkers, and wheelchair athletes from around the world and at all levels turn out for the event. The 10-kilometer race is known for its fast, flat course along Mobile’s oak shaded streets and has seen blistering records set by runners since its inception. The 2015 race will be the 38th annual running. In 2001, Joseph Kimani of Kenya finished within two seconds of setting a new world record in the men's open division in 27:41. John Campbell of New Zealand established a world’s best time for a male masters athlete (over 50 years of age) in 1999 with his time of 31:02. In 1994, Martin Mondragon of Mexico set the current world record for men masters, at 28:56. The two-day family, friendly event was founded in 1978 and includes a world class 10K race, a fun run, and a Health and Fitness Expo. The ATR is produced by the Port City Pacers, a local nonprofit organization with the mission of promoting health and fitness through running and walking. 2,000 participants attended the 2015 race. Key:" ]
Dysan	Dysan Dysan was a storage media manufacturing corporation, formed in 1973 in San Jose, California, by CEO and former president C. Norman Dion of San Jose, California. It was instrumental in the development of the 5.25" floppy disk, which appeared in 1976. In 1983, Jerry Pournelle reported in "BYTE" that a software-publisher friend of his "distributes all his software on Dysan disks. It costs more to begin with, but saves [the cost of replacing defective media] in the long run, or so he says". By that year Dysan was a Fortune 500 company, had over 1200 employees, and was ranked as among the top ten private sector employers within the Silicon Valley by the "San Jose Mercury News", in terms of number of employees. In addition, some of Dysan's administrative and disk production facilities, located within the company's Santa Clara, California, manufacturing campus, were regarded as architecturally remarkable. For example, some of Dysan's Santa Clara campus magnetic media manufacturing facilities included architectural features such as large indoor employee lounge atriums, incorporating glass encased ceilings and walls, live indoor lush landscaping, waterfalls, running water creeks, and ponds with live fish. In addition to manufacturing floppies, tape drives and hard disks, Dysan also produced hardware and storage containers for the disks. Dysan merged with Xidex Magnetics in the spring of 1984. In 1997, under the direction of Jerry Ticerelli, Xidex declared bankruptcy. Xidex was absorbed by Anacomp and later spun off as a wholly owned subsidiary as Dysan. After a brief re-opening in 2003, the company closed six months later under the direction of Dylan Campbell. It is possible that Dysan was one of the first tech-based companies to offer a service for recycling used products. Some Dysan packaging included the following label:	[ "Dysan Dysan was a storage media manufacturing corporation, formed in 1973 in San Jose, California, by CEO and former president C. Norman Dion of San Jose, California. It was instrumental in the development of the 5.25\" floppy disk, which appeared in 1976. In 1983, Jerry Pournelle reported in \"BYTE\" that a software-publisher friend of his \"distributes all his software on Dysan disks. It costs more to begin with, but saves [the cost of replacing defective media] in the long run, or so he says\". By that year Dysan was a Fortune 500 company, had over 1200 employees, and was ranked as among the top ten private sector employers within the Silicon Valley by the \"San Jose Mercury News\", in terms of number of employees. In addition, some of Dysan's administrative and disk production facilities, located within the company's Santa Clara, California, manufacturing campus, were regarded as architecturally remarkable. For example, some of Dysan's Santa Clara campus magnetic media manufacturing facilities included architectural features such as large indoor employee lounge atriums, incorporating glass encased ceilings and walls, live indoor lush landscaping, waterfalls, running water creeks, and ponds with live fish. In addition to manufacturing floppies, tape drives and hard disks, Dysan also produced hardware and storage containers for the disks. Dysan merged with Xidex Magnetics in the spring of 1984. In 1997, under the direction of Jerry Ticerelli, Xidex declared bankruptcy. Xidex was absorbed by Anacomp and later spun off as a wholly owned subsidiary as Dysan. After a brief re-opening in 2003, the company closed six months later under the direction of Dylan Campbell. It is possible that Dysan was one of the first tech-based companies to offer a service for recycling used products. Some Dysan packaging included the following label:" ]
The Five Pennies	The Five Pennies The Five Pennies is a semi-biographical 1959 film starring Danny Kaye as cornet player and bandleader Loring Red Nichols. Other cast members include Barbara Bel Geddes, Louis Armstrong, Harry Guardino, Bob Crosby, Bobby Troup, Susan Gordon, and Tuesday Weld. The film was directed by Melville Shavelson. The film received four Oscar nominations: Best Musical Scoring (Leith Stevens), Best Original Song (Sylvia Fine—Danny Kaye's wife), Best Cinematography (Daniel L. Fapp), and Best Costumes (Edith Head). The real Red Nichols recorded all of Kaye's cornet playing for the film soundtrack. The other musicians in Red's band were not asked to provide their musical contributions, and the sound of his band was supplied by session players. Red Nichols (Kaye) is a small-town cornet player who moves to New York City in the 1920s and finds work in a band led by Wil Paradise (Crosby). He meets and marries singer Willia Stutsman, a.k.a. "Bobbie Meredith" (Bel Geddes), and the two form their own Dixieland band called "The Five Pennies" (a play on Nichols' name, since a nickel equals five pennies). As their popularity peaks, their young daughter Dorothy (Susan Gordon) contracts polio, and the family leaves the music business, moving to Los Angeles. As a teenager, Dorothy (Tuesday Weld) learns of her father's music career and persuades him go on a comeback tour. The tour borders on failure until several notable musicians from Nichols' past appear to save the day.	[ "The Five Pennies The Five Pennies is a semi-biographical 1959 film starring Danny Kaye as cornet player and bandleader Loring Red Nichols. Other cast members include Barbara Bel Geddes, Louis Armstrong, Harry Guardino, Bob Crosby, Bobby Troup, Susan Gordon, and Tuesday Weld. The film was directed by Melville Shavelson. The film received four Oscar nominations: Best Musical Scoring (Leith Stevens), Best Original Song (Sylvia Fine—Danny Kaye's wife), Best Cinematography (Daniel L. Fapp), and Best Costumes (Edith Head). The real Red Nichols recorded all of Kaye's cornet playing for the film soundtrack. The other musicians in Red's band were not asked to provide their musical contributions, and the sound of his band was supplied by session players. Red Nichols (Kaye) is a small-town cornet player who moves to New York City in the 1920s and finds work in a band led by Wil Paradise (Crosby). He meets and marries singer Willia Stutsman, a.k.a. \"Bobbie Meredith\" (Bel Geddes), and the two form their own Dixieland band called \"The Five Pennies\" (a play on Nichols' name, since a nickel equals five pennies). As their popularity peaks, their young daughter Dorothy (Susan Gordon) contracts polio, and the family leaves the music business, moving to Los Angeles. As a teenager, Dorothy (Tuesday Weld) learns of her father's music career and persuades him go on a comeback tour. The tour borders on failure until several notable musicians from Nichols' past appear to save the day." ]
The Poetess	The Poetess The Poetess (born Felicia Morris) is an American rapper and radio personality. Felicia “The Poetess” Morris made her radio debut at the age of 5 years old on KDIA-AM, a soul station in the San Francisco Bay Area, where her father, Johnny Morris, was a popular disc jockey. Felicia would soon follow in her famous dad’s footsteps by moving to Los Angeles and landing her first on-air gig as radio co-host on Bailey Broadcasting’s nationally syndicated “Hip Hop Countdown and Report.” Since 1989, her skills as a researcher and consummate authority on Black music have been utilized on a weekly basis. A love for writing poetry, Ms. Morris, parlayed her poems to rap songs and soon landed a recording contract with Poetic Groove/Interscope Records in 1992 and released her debut album Simply Poetry that included appearances by Academy Award winning actor Jamie Foxx, Def Jef and Kool G. Rap. “Love Hurts,” the album’s first single broke the Top 10 on The Gavin Report's Rap Radio Charts quickly establishing her as a fixture in hip hop. Having proven herself a prolific artist, The Poetess took on greater challenges by joining the staff of major market heavy, L.A.’s KKBT/92.3 The Beat (later 100.3 The Beat) in 1994. Having a keen ear for hits, The Poetess introduced the music of Erykah Badu and Lauryn Hill and gave her Southern California listeners an inside look at the personal lives of their favorite celebrities through her in-dept interviews. The Poetess’ passion for the community lead to her position as community affairs director for 100.3 The Beat, where she gave voice to the community on issues of gang violence, economic empowerment and health awareness. In her former position, she organized voter registration drives, school supply give-a-ways, community rallies, and health awareness campaigns. After 13 years on the air at KKBT-FM Los Angeles, Ms. Morris resigned in 2007 and a year later joined The Foxxhole on Sirius XM radio - a comedy and entertainment network executive produced by Academy Award winning actor, Jamie Foxx. The Poetess served as co-host and mistress of information on The Jamie Foxx Show and the producer of The Sheryl Underwood show, 5150 Show with Corey Holcomb, Voice of Reason w/ Zo Williams and The Foxxhole Comedy Corner. Ms. Morris is currently preparing to launch radiofreqz.com, an Internet radio network.	[ "The Poetess The Poetess (born Felicia Morris) is an American rapper and radio personality. Felicia “The Poetess” Morris made her radio debut at the age of 5 years old on KDIA-AM, a soul station in the San Francisco Bay Area, where her father, Johnny Morris, was a popular disc jockey. Felicia would soon follow in her famous dad’s footsteps by moving to Los Angeles and landing her first on-air gig as radio co-host on Bailey Broadcasting’s nationally syndicated “Hip Hop Countdown and Report.” Since 1989, her skills as a researcher and consummate authority on Black music have been utilized on a weekly basis. A love for writing poetry, Ms. Morris, parlayed her poems to rap songs and soon landed a recording contract with Poetic Groove/Interscope Records in 1992 and released her debut album Simply Poetry that included appearances by Academy Award winning actor Jamie Foxx, Def Jef and Kool G. Rap. “Love Hurts,” the album’s first single broke the Top 10 on The Gavin Report's Rap Radio Charts quickly establishing her as a fixture in hip hop. Having proven herself a prolific artist, The Poetess took on greater challenges by joining the staff of major market heavy, L.A.’s KKBT/92.3 The Beat (later 100.3 The Beat) in 1994. Having a keen ear for hits, The Poetess introduced the music of Erykah Badu and Lauryn Hill and gave her Southern California listeners an inside look at the personal lives of their favorite celebrities through her in-dept interviews. The Poetess’ passion for the community lead to her position as community affairs director for 100.3 The Beat, where she gave voice to the community on issues of gang violence, economic empowerment and health awareness. In her former position, she organized voter registration drives, school supply give-a-ways, community rallies, and health awareness campaigns. After 13 years on the air at KKBT-FM Los Angeles, Ms. Morris resigned in 2007 and a year later joined The Foxxhole on Sirius XM radio - a comedy and entertainment network executive produced by Academy Award winning actor, Jamie Foxx. The Poetess served as co-host and mistress of information on The Jamie Foxx Show and the producer of The Sheryl Underwood show, 5150 Show with Corey Holcomb, Voice of Reason w/ Zo Williams and The Foxxhole Comedy Corner. Ms. Morris is currently preparing to launch radiofreqz.com, an Internet radio network." ]
Molecular vapor deposition	Molecular vapor deposition Molecular vapor deposition is the gas-phase reaction between surface reactive chemicals and an appropriately receptive surface. Often bi-functional silanes are used in which one termination of the molecule is reactive. For example, a functional chlorosilane (R-Si-Cl) can react with surface hydroxyl groups (-OH) resulting a radicalized (R) deposition on the surface. The advantage of a gas phase reaction over a comparable liquid phase process is the control of moisture from the ambient environment, which often results in cross polymerization of the silane leading to particulates on the treated surface. Often a heated sub-atmospheric vacuum chamber is used to allow precise control of the reactants and water content. Additionally the gas phase process allows for easy treatment of complex parts since the coverage of the reactant is generally diffusion limited. Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors often use molecular vapor deposition as a technique to address stiction and other parasitic issues relative to surface-to-surface interactions.	[ "Molecular vapor deposition Molecular vapor deposition is the gas-phase reaction between surface reactive chemicals and an appropriately receptive surface. Often bi-functional silanes are used in which one termination of the molecule is reactive. For example, a functional chlorosilane (R-Si-Cl) can react with surface hydroxyl groups (-OH) resulting a radicalized (R) deposition on the surface. The advantage of a gas phase reaction over a comparable liquid phase process is the control of moisture from the ambient environment, which often results in cross polymerization of the silane leading to particulates on the treated surface. Often a heated sub-atmospheric vacuum chamber is used to allow precise control of the reactants and water content. Additionally the gas phase process allows for easy treatment of complex parts since the coverage of the reactant is generally diffusion limited. Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors often use molecular vapor deposition as a technique to address stiction and other parasitic issues relative to surface-to-surface interactions." ]
WSET-TV	WSET-TV WSET-TV, virtual and VHF digital channel 13, is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to Lynchburg, Virginia, United States and also serving Roanoke. The station is owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group. WSET's studios and offices are located on Langhorne Road in Lynchburg, and its transmitter is located atop Thaxton Mountain, near Thaxton, Virginia. Channel 13 began operations on February 8, 1953 as WLVA-TV from a transmitter on Tobacco Row Mountain west of Sweet Briar. The station was owned by Lynchburg Broadcasting Corporation, which also owned WLVA radio (580 AM). WLVA-TV also served Charlottesville, where residents reported good reception during testing, from this transmitter site. The station was originally a CBS affiliate, but also carried programs from ABC, NBC, and DuMont as well. By the end of 1954, Roanoke and Lynchburg had been collapsed into a single market. Accordingly, channel 13 moved its transmitter and tower to Evington, Virginia in 1954 in an attempt to better serve Roanoke and the western part of the market. Since Roanoke was already served by NBC affiliate WSLS-TV (channel 10), WLVA-TV opted to become a primary ABC affiliate—Virginia's first, and the longest-tenured south of Washington, D.C. WLVA-TV and WSLS-TV split CBS programming until WDBJ-TV (channel 7) signed on from Roanoke in 1955. For most of its first 30 years on the air, channel 13 provided spotty coverage to the western part of the market because it is sandwiched between WLOS-TV in Asheville, North Carolina and WOWK-TV in Huntington, West Virginia. The station made numerous requests to move its transmitter closer to Roanoke. However, they were all turned down by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) each time due to concerns about interference, principally with WOWK. This was despite the fact that the Roanoke/Lynchburg and Huntington/Charleston markets do not border each other. However, the FCC believed that the two markets were close enough that the two channel 13 transmitters had to be as far apart as possible to avoid interference. Its signal was so weak in Roanoke that ABC actually granted an affiliation to a second station in the market, WRFT-TV (channel 27, frequency now occupied by WFXR), for much of the 1960s and 1970s. In the early 1960s, the station set up translator W05AA to improve its signal in Roanoke. WLVA-TV was not alone in installing low-VHF Roanoke translators; the early 1960s also saw W02AE put on the air to translate WSLS-TV and W04AG put on the air to translate WDBJ-TV. In 1970, WLVA-TV sought to move its transmitter to Poor Mountain near Roanoke, where the other major stations in the market operated their transmitters. This would have given channel 13 increased coverage in Roanoke but was turned down by the FCC even though Poor Mountain is over from WOWK's transmitter. In 1965, Lynchburg Broadcasting sold the WLVA stations to the Washington Star Company, which also owned WMAL-AM-FM-TV in Washington. Joe Allbritton purchased a controlling interest in the "Star" in 1975. By this time, however, the FCC had tightened its rules on cross-media ownership. Due to the manner in which Allbritton's purchase of the Star Company was structured, the FCC considered it to be an ownership change. It told Allbritton that he had to sell off either the radio or television stations. Allbritton chose to sell off the company's non-television assets, including WLVA radio, in April 1977. In September 1977 WLVA-TV changed its call letters to the current WSET-TV to coincide with its new branding, "NeWSET-13." The change was brought on by a now-repealed FCC regulation that stated that TV and radio stations in the same market, but with different ownership that must have different callsigns. The television station became part of the newly-established Allbritton Communications. Allbritton immediately set about finding a solution to the reception problem. In 1980, WSET won FCC approval to relocate its transmitter to Thaxton Mountain near Bedford, halfway between Roanoke and Lynchburg. WSET activated its new transmitter in 1982, which gave the station a clear signal in most of Roanoke for the first time ever. However, the FCC required WSET to significantly conform its signal to protect WOWK. As a result, some areas of the western part of the market, including parts of Roanoke itself, only got a grade B signal; they only got a clear signal from the station until cable arrived in the area a few years later. WSET's newscasts primarily focus on the eastern part of the Roanoke/Lynchburg market. Beginning in October 2005, it was one of only two ABC affiliates in the Eastern Time Zone to air ABC's "World News Tonight" at 7 p.m.; WSB-TV in Atlanta is the other. However, WSET has returned the national program to the 6:30 p.m. time slot, shifting its local newscast to 7:00 p.m. WSET was acquired by Sinclair Broadcast Group, based in suburban Baltimore County, Maryland, in August 2014 as part of Sinclair's purchase of Allbritton Communications. The station's digital signal is multiplexed: WSET-TV discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over VHF channel 13, on June 12, 2009, the official date in which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. In October 2009, the station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 34 to VHF channel 13. The station's over-the-air coverage in much of the western part of the market, especially the New River Valley, is somewhat marginal due in part to the mountainous terrain. W05AA was converted to digital operation in late 2009, which helped to fill in coverage holes in Roanoke. WSET is carried in Roxboro, North Carolina on Charter Spectrum and DirecTV. It is also picked up in Yanceyville, North Carolina on Comcast Cable. On March 11, 2002, WSET pre-empted an episode of "Once and Again" which contained a scene in which two female characters kiss one another, and ran a prime-time infomercial instead. WSET was the only ABC affiliate to pre-empt the episode. The decision, which station management refused to explain, provoked condemnation from GLAAD and praise from Lynchburg resident Jerry Falwell. WSET presently broadcasts 27 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with 5 hours on weekdays and 1 hour each on Saturdays and Sundays). On September 12, 2011, WSET began broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition, the station is the third in the Roanoke-Lynchburg market to make the transition to HD. Former "Good Morning America" co-host and "ABC World News" anchor Charles Gibson began his television career at the station; he was a reporter/anchor for WLVA-TV during the late 1960s.	[ "WSET-TV WSET-TV, virtual and VHF digital channel 13, is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to Lynchburg, Virginia, United States and also serving Roanoke. The station is owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group. WSET's studios and offices are located on Langhorne Road in Lynchburg, and its transmitter is located atop Thaxton Mountain, near Thaxton, Virginia. Channel 13 began operations on February 8, 1953 as WLVA-TV from a transmitter on Tobacco Row Mountain west of Sweet Briar. The station was owned by Lynchburg Broadcasting Corporation, which also owned WLVA radio (580 AM). WLVA-TV also served Charlottesville, where residents reported good reception during testing, from this transmitter site. The station was originally a CBS affiliate, but also carried programs from ABC, NBC, and DuMont as well. By the end of 1954, Roanoke and Lynchburg had been collapsed into a single market. Accordingly, channel 13 moved its transmitter and tower to Evington, Virginia in 1954 in an attempt to better serve Roanoke and the western part of the market. Since Roanoke was already served by NBC affiliate WSLS-TV (channel 10), WLVA-TV opted to become a primary ABC affiliate—Virginia's first, and the longest-tenured south of Washington, D.C. WLVA-TV and WSLS-TV split CBS programming until WDBJ-TV (channel 7) signed on from Roanoke in 1955. For most of its first 30 years on the air, channel 13 provided spotty coverage to the western part of the market because it is sandwiched between WLOS-TV in Asheville, North Carolina and WOWK-TV in Huntington, West Virginia. The station made numerous requests to move its transmitter closer to Roanoke. However, they were all turned down by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) each time due to concerns about interference, principally with WOWK. This was despite the fact that the Roanoke/Lynchburg and Huntington/Charleston markets do not border each other. However, the FCC believed that the two markets were close enough that the two channel 13 transmitters had to be as far apart as possible to avoid interference. Its signal was so weak in Roanoke that ABC actually granted an affiliation to a second station in the market, WRFT-TV (channel 27, frequency now occupied by WFXR), for much of the 1960s and 1970s. In the early 1960s, the station set up translator W05AA to improve its signal in Roanoke. WLVA-TV was not alone in installing low-VHF Roanoke translators; the early 1960s also saw W02AE put on the air to translate WSLS-TV and W04AG put on the air to translate WDBJ-TV. In 1970, WLVA-TV sought to move its transmitter to Poor Mountain near Roanoke, where the other major stations in the market operated their transmitters. This would have given channel 13 increased coverage in Roanoke but was turned down by the FCC even though Poor Mountain is over from WOWK's transmitter. In 1965, Lynchburg Broadcasting sold the WLVA stations to the Washington Star Company, which also owned WMAL-AM-FM-TV in Washington. Joe Allbritton purchased a controlling interest in the \"Star\" in 1975. By this time, however, the FCC had tightened its rules on cross-media ownership. Due to the manner in which Allbritton's purchase of the Star Company was structured, the FCC considered it to be an ownership change. It told Allbritton that he had to sell off either the radio or television stations. Allbritton chose to sell off the company's non-television assets, including WLVA radio, in April 1977. In September 1977 WLVA-TV changed its call letters to the current WSET-TV to coincide with its new branding, \"NeWSET-13.\" The change was brought on by a now-repealed FCC regulation that stated that TV and radio stations in the same market, but with different ownership that must have different callsigns. The television station became part of the newly-established Allbritton Communications. Allbritton immediately set about finding a solution to the reception problem. In 1980, WSET won FCC approval to relocate its transmitter to Thaxton Mountain near Bedford, halfway between Roanoke and Lynchburg. WSET activated its new transmitter in 1982, which gave the station a clear signal in most of Roanoke for the first time ever. However, the FCC required WSET to significantly conform its signal to protect WOWK. As a result, some areas of the western part of the market, including parts of Roanoke itself, only got a grade B signal; they only got a clear signal from the station until cable arrived in the area a few years later. WSET's newscasts primarily focus on the eastern part of the Roanoke/Lynchburg market. Beginning in October 2005, it was one of only two ABC affiliates in the Eastern Time Zone to air ABC's \"World News Tonight\" at 7 p.m.; WSB-TV in Atlanta is the other. However, WSET has returned the national program to the 6:30 p.m. time slot, shifting its local newscast to 7:00 p.m. WSET was acquired by Sinclair Broadcast Group, based in suburban Baltimore County, Maryland, in August 2014 as part of Sinclair's purchase of Allbritton Communications. The station's digital signal is multiplexed: WSET-TV discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over VHF channel 13, on June 12, 2009, the official date in which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. In October 2009, the station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 34 to VHF channel 13.", "In October 2009, the station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 34 to VHF channel 13. The station's over-the-air coverage in much of the western part of the market, especially the New River Valley, is somewhat marginal due in part to the mountainous terrain. W05AA was converted to digital operation in late 2009, which helped to fill in coverage holes in Roanoke. WSET is carried in Roxboro, North Carolina on Charter Spectrum and DirecTV. It is also picked up in Yanceyville, North Carolina on Comcast Cable. On March 11, 2002, WSET pre-empted an episode of \"Once and Again\" which contained a scene in which two female characters kiss one another, and ran a prime-time infomercial instead. WSET was the only ABC affiliate to pre-empt the episode. The decision, which station management refused to explain, provoked condemnation from GLAAD and praise from Lynchburg resident Jerry Falwell. WSET presently broadcasts 27 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with 5 hours on weekdays and 1 hour each on Saturdays and Sundays). On September 12, 2011, WSET began broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition, the station is the third in the Roanoke-Lynchburg market to make the transition to HD. Former \"Good Morning America\" co-host and \"ABC World News\" anchor Charles Gibson began his television career at the station; he was a reporter/anchor for WLVA-TV during the late 1960s." ]
Strange Glue	Strange Glue "Strange Glue" is a song by Welsh rock group Catatonia. Written by guitarist Owen Powell, it was the band's fourth single to be released from "International Velvet" and charted at No. 11 on the UK charts. As a solo artist Cerys later sang Strange Glue merged with the song Galway Shawl in concert. The controversial b-side, "That's All Folks", was originally intended for the "International Velvet" album and had appeared on promo copies around the time of "I am the Mob" (but was later replaced by "My Selfish Gene" as the album's closer). The song was a scathing attack on their American label, Warners, written in 1997 when the band feared that they were to be dropped by the label or were to split up. Irish rock band Aslan recorded a cover of the song, included on their 2009 album, Un'cased.	[ "Strange Glue \"Strange Glue\" is a song by Welsh rock group Catatonia. Written by guitarist Owen Powell, it was the band's fourth single to be released from \"International Velvet\" and charted at No. 11 on the UK charts. As a solo artist Cerys later sang Strange Glue merged with the song Galway Shawl in concert. The controversial b-side, \"That's All Folks\", was originally intended for the \"International Velvet\" album and had appeared on promo copies around the time of \"I am the Mob\" (but was later replaced by \"My Selfish Gene\" as the album's closer). The song was a scathing attack on their American label, Warners, written in 1997 when the band feared that they were to be dropped by the label or were to split up. Irish rock band Aslan recorded a cover of the song, included on their 2009 album, Un'cased." ]