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Dad was always full of advice, but one of the biggest lessons he taught me one summer was about having a strong work ethic . When my brother and I were growing up, we mowed yards during the summer to earn pocket change. Dad was our salesman. He told our neighbors about our service and offered a price they could not refuse. My brother and I got $ 10 per yard. I later found out that our friends were charging $ 20 or more for the same amount of work. Every time we headed out to mow lawns , Dad was there to watch. I used to wonder why he came with us. He stood supervising our work in the heat when he could have been inside relaxing with air conditioning and an icy drink. One day we were cutting our next-door neighbor's yard, he always waited until the grass was knee-high to call us over. To make matters worse, we had an old lawn mower. This particular afternoon, I was finishing up and was tired and sweaty. I was just about to cut off the lawn mower when I saw Dad pointing to one piece of grass. He yelled, "You missed a piece." I frowned, hoping he would let it slide and let me go home. He kept pointing. So, tired and disappointed, I went back to cut that piece of grass. I said to myself, "That one piece isn't hurting anyone. Why won't he just let it go?" But when I reached adulthood, I understood his message ---When you're running a business, the work you do says a great deal about you. If you want to be seen as an entrepreneur with honesty, you must deliver a quality product. That single blade of grass meant the job was not done. Other neighbors took notice of the good work we did and we soon got more business. We started out with one client, but by the end of the summer we had five. What would be the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Father's Story",
"Honesty",
"Family Matters",
"Supervising"
] | 1B
|
Dad was always full of advice, but one of the biggest lessons he taught me one summer was about having a strong work ethic . When my brother and I were growing up, we mowed yards during the summer to earn pocket change. Dad was our salesman. He told our neighbors about our service and offered a price they could not refuse. My brother and I got $ 10 per yard. I later found out that our friends were charging $ 20 or more for the same amount of work. Every time we headed out to mow lawns , Dad was there to watch. I used to wonder why he came with us. He stood supervising our work in the heat when he could have been inside relaxing with air conditioning and an icy drink. One day we were cutting our next-door neighbor's yard, he always waited until the grass was knee-high to call us over. To make matters worse, we had an old lawn mower. This particular afternoon, I was finishing up and was tired and sweaty. I was just about to cut off the lawn mower when I saw Dad pointing to one piece of grass. He yelled, "You missed a piece." I frowned, hoping he would let it slide and let me go home. He kept pointing. So, tired and disappointed, I went back to cut that piece of grass. I said to myself, "That one piece isn't hurting anyone. Why won't he just let it go?" But when I reached adulthood, I understood his message ---When you're running a business, the work you do says a great deal about you. If you want to be seen as an entrepreneur with honesty, you must deliver a quality product. That single blade of grass meant the job was not done. Other neighbors took notice of the good work we did and we soon got more business. We started out with one client, but by the end of the summer we had five. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Father's Story
B. Honesty
C. Family Matters
D. Supervising
|
B. Honesty
|
Retrieved:
aarp to provide needy retirees with services at a cost of about $ 30. the lawyers did not accept the offer. however, when asked to offer services at no cost, they agreed. experiments also showed that offering a small gift would not offend anybody ( the gift falls into social norms ), but mentioning the monetary value of the gifts invokes market norms. ariely talks about how social norms are making their way into the market norms. to illustrate, state farm's slogan, " like a good neighbor, state farm is there, " provides an example where companies are trying to connect with people on a social level in order to gain trust and allow the customer to overlook minor infractions. the author concludes that " money, as it turns out, is the most expensive way to motivate people. social norms are not only cheaper, but often more effective as well. " = = = emotion in decision making = = = in chapter 6, ariely collaborated with close friend george loewenstein, a professor of economics and psychology at carnegie mellon university, to test the influence of arousal on decision making in high - emotion situations. ariely and loewenstein chose to test the effects of sexual arousal on decision - making in college - aged men at university of california, berkeley. by using computers to stimulate sexual arousal, they determined that in a stimulated state, the young men were more likely to undergo an action that they would not normally consider. using the data, ariely argues that other high - emotion situations such as anger, frustration, and hunger have the potential to trigger similar effects on decision - making. in such situations our behavior is fully controlled by emotions. we are not the people we thought we were. no matter how much experience we have we make irrational decisions every time we are under the influence of arousal. furthermore, he presents ideas to improve our decision - making abilities in other emotion - provoking situations such as safe sex, safe driving, and making other life decisions. for example, ariely proposes an onstar system that could potentially lower the number of car accidents in teenagers by performing tasks such as changing the car's temperature or dialing the teenager's mother when the car exceeds a set speed. = = = the problem of procrastination and self - control = = = in chapter 7, over the last decade americans have shown surprisingly little self - control. ariely blames this lack of self - control on people's two states in which they make their judgments — cool state and hot
Original Instruction:
Dad was always full of advice, but one of the biggest lessons he taught me one summer was about having a strong work ethic . When my brother and I were growing up, we mowed yards during the summer to earn pocket change. Dad was our salesman. He told our neighbors about our service and offered a price they could not refuse. My brother and I got $ 10 per yard. I later found out that our friends were charging $ 20 or more for the same amount of work. Every time we headed out to mow lawns , Dad was there to watch. I used to wonder why he came with us. He stood supervising our work in the heat when he could have been inside relaxing with air conditioning and an icy drink. One day we were cutting our next-door neighbor's yard, he always waited until the grass was knee-high to call us over. To make matters worse, we had an old lawn mower. This particular afternoon, I was finishing up and was tired and sweaty. I was just about to cut off the lawn mower when I saw Dad pointing to one piece of grass. He yelled, "You missed a piece." I frowned, hoping he would let it slide and let me go home. He kept pointing. So, tired and disappointed, I went back to cut that piece of grass. I said to myself, "That one piece isn't hurting anyone. Why won't he just let it go?" But when I reached adulthood, I understood his message ---When you're running a business, the work you do says a great deal about you. If you want to be seen as an entrepreneur with honesty, you must deliver a quality product. That single blade of grass meant the job was not done. Other neighbors took notice of the good work we did and we soon got more business. We started out with one client, but by the end of the summer we had five. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Father's Story
B. Honesty
C. Family Matters
D. Supervising
|
||
Antarctica is in the most southern part of the world. It is like nowhere else on the earth. It is much larger than Europe, and nearly twice the size of Australia. Antarctica is the coldest and windiest place in the world, even colder and windier than the North Pole. In summer, the sun shines for twenty-four hours a day, but in winter it's completely dark for about three months. Very few plants grow there, but there is some wildlife, including whales, seals and penguins. When Captain James Cook traveled around Antarctica in the 1770s by ship, he found no one living there. Today, a few scientists work in Antarctica, but they only spend a short time there. Many scientists are studying the _ , which is getting thinner and thinner worldwide. The biggest "hole" is above Antarctica, and weather there is getting warmer. Scientists think that this cold and lonely place can teach us a lot about the earth and how to keep the earth safe. How many kinds of animals are mentioned in the passage?
|
[
"Two.",
"Three.",
"Four.",
"Five."
] | 1B
|
Antarctica is in the most southern part of the world. It is like nowhere else on the earth. It is much larger than Europe, and nearly twice the size of Australia. Antarctica is the coldest and windiest place in the world, even colder and windier than the North Pole. In summer, the sun shines for twenty-four hours a day, but in winter it's completely dark for about three months. Very few plants grow there, but there is some wildlife, including whales, seals and penguins. When Captain James Cook traveled around Antarctica in the 1770s by ship, he found no one living there. Today, a few scientists work in Antarctica, but they only spend a short time there. Many scientists are studying the _ , which is getting thinner and thinner worldwide. The biggest "hole" is above Antarctica, and weather there is getting warmer. Scientists think that this cold and lonely place can teach us a lot about the earth and how to keep the earth safe. How many kinds of animals are mentioned in the passage?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
|
B. Three.
|
Retrieved:
does not have a land mammal population. there are also no birds that reside in antarctica. though, it has been known that various birds from south america have been spotted in antarctica. two studies have assessed the contributions of soil invertebrates to the polar ecosystem in antarctica, suggesting that biotic interactions play crucial roles in such a seemingly simple ecosystem. for animals to be able to live in the polar region they have to have adaptations which allow them to live in the cold and windy environments. these animals have originated with these adaptations, and animals that live in these regions are accumulating adaptations to be able to live in this type of environment. some of these adaptations may be to be big and insolated, have a lot of fur, and to be darker. also, many animals live in groups to be able to protect themselves from the cold. animals also tend to be homeotherms which are animals that maintain a high temperature. smaller invertebrates also tend to be smaller in polar regions which helps them conserve energy. there are also many different animals that live in the sea water near polar regions. squids are one animal that live in both antarctica and the arctic. they are the food source for other large animals such as the male sperm whale. there is also a wide variety of fish in the polar regions. arctic cod is a major species in the arctic. halibut, cod, herring, and alaska pollock ( walleye pollock ) are some other types of fish. in antarctica there is not a lot of diversity among the fish ; there is a lot of the same kind. antarctic silverfish and lanternfish are some examples of fish that live in antarctica. seals are also found in polar regions and number around 2. 5 million. they are known to breed on land in the polar regions. whales are also in the polar regions and can be found near the surfaces of water where they pray. there are also birds that breed in the polar regions. in the arctic, 95 % of the birds breeding here consists of only four different species. these include the northern fulmar, kittiwake, the little auk and the thick - billed murre. these birds breed here when the ice starts to thaw and when there are cracks in the ice so the birds are able to feed. in the antarctic there are two different birds that live there including the penguin and the procellariiformes. = = vegetation = = there is a wide source of vegetation in the polar region but there are few species in common in the southern and northern polar
Original Instruction:
Antarctica is in the most southern part of the world. It is like nowhere else on the earth. It is much larger than Europe, and nearly twice the size of Australia. Antarctica is the coldest and windiest place in the world, even colder and windier than the North Pole. In summer, the sun shines for twenty-four hours a day, but in winter it's completely dark for about three months. Very few plants grow there, but there is some wildlife, including whales, seals and penguins. When Captain James Cook traveled around Antarctica in the 1770s by ship, he found no one living there. Today, a few scientists work in Antarctica, but they only spend a short time there. Many scientists are studying the _ , which is getting thinner and thinner worldwide. The biggest "hole" is above Antarctica, and weather there is getting warmer. Scientists think that this cold and lonely place can teach us a lot about the earth and how to keep the earth safe. How many kinds of animals are mentioned in the passage?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
|
||
Different people have different skin colours. Some have black skin, some have yellow skin, and some have white skin. There was a woman in Alaska. Her skin was orange in colour. It was almost the colour of orange juice. How did this woman become orange? She ate lots of tomatoes, carrots and pumpkins. She ate too many orange things. That's why she turned orange. The woman didn't want to be orange. She went to the doctor. The doctor said,"Stop eating orange things. Eat some green things." The woman did so, and she wasn't orange any more. The woman was orange because _ .
|
[
"she ate oranges only",
"she ate too many orange things",
"she had too much orange juice",
"she liked that colour skin"
] | 1B
|
Different people have different skin colours. Some have black skin, some have yellow skin, and some have white skin. There was a woman in Alaska. Her skin was orange in colour. It was almost the colour of orange juice. How did this woman become orange? She ate lots of tomatoes, carrots and pumpkins. She ate too many orange things. That's why she turned orange. The woman didn't want to be orange. She went to the doctor. The doctor said,"Stop eating orange things. Eat some green things." The woman did so, and she wasn't orange any more. The woman was orange because _ .
A. she ate oranges only
B. she ate too many orange things
C. she had too much orange juice
D. she liked that colour skin
|
B. she ate too many orange things
|
Retrieved:
the agouti gene, the agouti - signaling protein ( asip ) is responsible for variations in color in many species. agouti works with extension to regulate the color of melanin which is produced in hairs. the agouti protein causes red to yellow pheomelanin to be produced, while the competing molecule α - msh signals production of brown to black eumelanin. in wildtype mice, alternating cycles of agouti and α - msh production cause agouti coloration. each hair has bands of yellow which grew during agouti production, and black which grew during α - msh production. wildtype mice also have light - colored bellies. the hairs there are a creamy color the whole length because the agouti protein was produced the whole time the hairs were growing. in mice and other species, loss of function mutations generally cause a darker color, while gain of function mutations cause a yellower coat. = = mice = = as of 1979, there were 17 known alleles of agouti in mice. lethal yellow ay causes yellow coloration and obesity. it is dominant to all other alleles in the series. when homozygous, it is lethal early in development. viable yellow avy looks similar to lethal yellow and also causes obesity, but is not lethal when homozygous. homozygous viable yellow mice can be variable in color from clear yellow through mottled black and yellow to a darker color similar to the agouti color. intermediate yellow aiy causes a mottled yellow coloration, which like viable yellow can sometimes resemble agouti. sienna yellow asy heterozygotes are a dark yellow, while homozygotes are generally a clearer yellow. white - bellied agouti aw mice have agouti coloration, with hairs that are black at the tips, then yellow, then black again, and white to tan bellies. agouti a looks like aw but the belly is dark like the back. black and tan at causes a black back with a tan belly. a / at heterozygotes look like aw mice. nonagouti a mice are almost completely black, with only a few yellow hairs around the ears and the genitals. extreme nonagouti ae mice are fully black, and is recessive to all other alleles in the series. this is not a complete list of mouse agouti alleles. the nonagouti allele a is unusually likely to revert to the black - and - tan allele at or to
Original Instruction:
Different people have different skin colours. Some have black skin, some have yellow skin, and some have white skin. There was a woman in Alaska. Her skin was orange in colour. It was almost the colour of orange juice. How did this woman become orange? She ate lots of tomatoes, carrots and pumpkins. She ate too many orange things. That's why she turned orange. The woman didn't want to be orange. She went to the doctor. The doctor said,"Stop eating orange things. Eat some green things." The woman did so, and she wasn't orange any more. The woman was orange because _ .
A. she ate oranges only
B. she ate too many orange things
C. she had too much orange juice
D. she liked that colour skin
|
||
Our village carpenter , John, came one day and made a dining table for my wife. He made it just the right size for the space between the two windows. When I got home that evening, John was drinking a cup of tea and writing out his bill for the job. My wife said to me quietly,"That's his ninth cup of tea today. "But she said, in a loud voice,"It's a beautiful table, dear, isn't it?" "I'll decide about that when I see the bill. "I said. John laughed and gave me his bill for the work. I read: One dining table 10 November, 1998 Cost of wood $17. 00 Paint $1. 50 Work, 8 hours ( $1 an hour ) $8. 00 Total $36. 50 When I was looking at the bill, John said, "It's been a nice day, hasn't it?Quite sunny. " "Yes. "I said. " I'm glad it's only the tenth of November. " "Me, too. "said John. "You wait -- it'll be a lot colder by the end of the month. " "Yes,colder -- and more expensive! A dining table will be $20 more expensive on November 30, won't it, John?" John looked hard at me for half a minute. Was there a little smile in his two blue eyes?I gave his bill back to him. "If there isn't too much trouble, John," I said,"please add it up again. You can forget the date..." I paid him $26. 50 and he was happy to get it. Why did John talk about the weather when the writer was looking at the bill?
|
[
"Because he didn't want the writer to go through the bill carefully.",
"Because it was really a fine day.",
"Because he wanted the writer to check the bill carefully.",
"Because he wanted to tell the writer what the weather was like."
] | 0A
|
Our village carpenter , John, came one day and made a dining table for my wife. He made it just the right size for the space between the two windows. When I got home that evening, John was drinking a cup of tea and writing out his bill for the job. My wife said to me quietly,"That's his ninth cup of tea today. "But she said, in a loud voice,"It's a beautiful table, dear, isn't it?" "I'll decide about that when I see the bill. "I said. John laughed and gave me his bill for the work. I read: One dining table 10 November, 1998 Cost of wood $17. 00 Paint $1. 50 Work, 8 hours ( $1 an hour ) $8. 00 Total $36. 50 When I was looking at the bill, John said, "It's been a nice day, hasn't it?Quite sunny. " "Yes. "I said. " I'm glad it's only the tenth of November. " "Me, too. "said John. "You wait -- it'll be a lot colder by the end of the month. " "Yes,colder -- and more expensive! A dining table will be $20 more expensive on November 30, won't it, John?" John looked hard at me for half a minute. Was there a little smile in his two blue eyes?I gave his bill back to him. "If there isn't too much trouble, John," I said,"please add it up again. You can forget the date..." I paid him $26. 50 and he was happy to get it. Why did John talk about the weather when the writer was looking at the bill?
A. Because he didn't want the writer to go through the bill carefully.
B. Because it was really a fine day.
C. Because he wanted the writer to check the bill carefully.
D. Because he wanted to tell the writer what the weather was like.
|
A. Because he didn't want the writer to go through the bill carefully.
|
Retrieved:
and high effort. participants in the low effort condition were told that the writer spent 4 hours on the poem while participants in the high effort condition were told the poet spent 18 hours on the piece. the researchers combined the liking and quality measures into one composite result and found participants provided more favorable evaluations of the poem when they thought it took the poet 18 hours to compose rather than when they thought it took him 4 hours. they also judged the more effortful poem to be worth more money. = = = experiment 2 = = = in the second experiment, non - experts and self - identified experts individually evaluated the quality of two paintings by deborah kleven : 12 lines and big abstract. half of the participants were told that the former took 4 hours to paint and the latter 26 hours, and the other half were told the opposite. after rating each painting separately, participants then compared the two paintings directly. the results revealed that participants preferred 12 lines over big abstract when they thought 12 lines took longer to paint, but the opposite tended to be true when they thought that big abstract took longer to paint. the effort manipulation had a similar effect on participants estimates of how much the paintings were worth. participants who thought 12 lines took longer to produce thought that it was worth more money than big abstract, whereas the opposite tended to be true when participants thought that big abstract took longer to paint. the data also indicated that the effect of perceived effort on perceived quality was independent of whether participants had self - professed expertise in the domain. self - identified art experts did not appear to rely on effort any less than novices, despite the fact that the self - identified experts were presumably more practiced at evaluating art. this points to the generality and intuitive appeal of effort as a heuristic for quality. = = = experiment 3 = = = in the third and final experiment, researchers asked participants to rate the quality of several images of medieval arms and armor presented on a computer screen. when rating the final target piece of armor, half of the participants were told that it took the blacksmith 110 hours to complete, and half were told that it took 15 hours. in addition to manipulating the perceived effort invested by the artist, researchers also varied the ambiguity of the stimulus to examine its potential as a moderator in the use of the effort heuristic. this was done by altering the resolution of the image where half of the participants viewed a high - resolution image of the piece, and half viewed a low - resolution image. experiment 3 produced similar results as the first two ; participants provided
Original Instruction:
Our village carpenter , John, came one day and made a dining table for my wife. He made it just the right size for the space between the two windows. When I got home that evening, John was drinking a cup of tea and writing out his bill for the job. My wife said to me quietly,"That's his ninth cup of tea today. "But she said, in a loud voice,"It's a beautiful table, dear, isn't it?" "I'll decide about that when I see the bill. "I said. John laughed and gave me his bill for the work. I read: One dining table 10 November, 1998 Cost of wood $17. 00 Paint $1. 50 Work, 8 hours ( $1 an hour ) $8. 00 Total $36. 50 When I was looking at the bill, John said, "It's been a nice day, hasn't it?Quite sunny. " "Yes. "I said. " I'm glad it's only the tenth of November. " "Me, too. "said John. "You wait -- it'll be a lot colder by the end of the month. " "Yes,colder -- and more expensive! A dining table will be $20 more expensive on November 30, won't it, John?" John looked hard at me for half a minute. Was there a little smile in his two blue eyes?I gave his bill back to him. "If there isn't too much trouble, John," I said,"please add it up again. You can forget the date..." I paid him $26. 50 and he was happy to get it. Why did John talk about the weather when the writer was looking at the bill?
A. Because he didn't want the writer to go through the bill carefully.
B. Because it was really a fine day.
C. Because he wanted the writer to check the bill carefully.
D. Because he wanted to tell the writer what the weather was like.
|
||
Dear friends, My name is Tony. I am English. I am thirteen years old this year. I am tall, and I am good at playing football. I am in Grade Seven. There are thirty boys and twenty girls in my class. We are learning Chinese in our school. Our Chinese teacher is Mr. Wu. He is a little short, but he is very strong. He is very nice to us. I have some good friends in my class. Tom is a tall boy and has short black hair. He is good at playing football, too. Alice is short and she loves wearing red dresses. She is good at English. Shelly has long hair. She can speak Japanese and she likes running. We all study hard. What about your school and your friend? Please write soon. Yours, Tony Who is Mr. Wu?
|
[
"He is Tony's English teacher.",
"He is Tony's father.",
"He is Tony's friend.",
"He is Tony's Chinese teacher."
] | 3D
|
Dear friends, My name is Tony. I am English. I am thirteen years old this year. I am tall, and I am good at playing football. I am in Grade Seven. There are thirty boys and twenty girls in my class. We are learning Chinese in our school. Our Chinese teacher is Mr. Wu. He is a little short, but he is very strong. He is very nice to us. I have some good friends in my class. Tom is a tall boy and has short black hair. He is good at playing football, too. Alice is short and she loves wearing red dresses. She is good at English. Shelly has long hair. She can speak Japanese and she likes running. We all study hard. What about your school and your friend? Please write soon. Yours, Tony Who is Mr. Wu?
A. He is Tony's English teacher.
B. He is Tony's father.
C. He is Tony's friend.
D. He is Tony's Chinese teacher.
|
D. He is Tony's Chinese teacher.
|
Retrieved:
" ( mae ja lao nitaan hai luuk fang ), or " mother will tell child a story ". similarly, older and younger friends will often use sibling terminology, so that an older friend telling a younger friend " you're my friend " would be " " ( nawng pen peuan pii ), would translate directly as " younger sibling is older sibling ’ s friend ". to be translated into english correctly, it is proper to use " i " and " you " for these example statements, but normal thai perceptions of relation are lost in the process. a similar feature can also be observed in indonesian. one may use the formal form of pronouns, which are generally distinct from the informal / familiar forms ; however, the use of these pronouns does not evoke sufficient friendliness or intimacy, especially in spoken language. instead of saying " anda mau pesan apa? ", a waiter / waitress will most likely say " bapak / ibu mau pesan apa? " ( lit.'father / mother wants to order what?'). the two expressions are equally polite ; however, the latter is more sympathetic and friendly. when conversing with family and relatives, most indonesians also prefer using kinship terminology ( father, mother, brother, sister ) when addressing older family members. when addressing younger family members, informal pronouns are more prevalent. = = = verb forms = = = english lacks some grammatical categories which are present in some other languages. there is no simple way in english to contrast finnish kirjoittaa or polish pisac ( continuing, corresponding to english'to write') with kirjoitella or pisywac ( a regular frequentative,'to occasionally write short passages at a time ', or'to jot down now and then'). similarly, hypata and skoczyc ( to jump once ) contrast with hyppia and skakac ( to continuously jump ; to be jumping from point a to b ). irish allows the prohibitive mood to be used in the passive voice. the effect is used to prohibit something while expressing society's disapproval for that action at the same time. for example, contrast na caithigi tobac ( meaning'don't smoke'when said to more than one person ), which uses the second person plural in the imperative meaning " do not smoke ", with na caitear tobac ( best translated as'smoking just isn't
Original Instruction:
Dear friends, My name is Tony. I am English. I am thirteen years old this year. I am tall, and I am good at playing football. I am in Grade Seven. There are thirty boys and twenty girls in my class. We are learning Chinese in our school. Our Chinese teacher is Mr. Wu. He is a little short, but he is very strong. He is very nice to us. I have some good friends in my class. Tom is a tall boy and has short black hair. He is good at playing football, too. Alice is short and she loves wearing red dresses. She is good at English. Shelly has long hair. She can speak Japanese and she likes running. We all study hard. What about your school and your friend? Please write soon. Yours, Tony Who is Mr. Wu?
A. He is Tony's English teacher.
B. He is Tony's father.
C. He is Tony's friend.
D. He is Tony's Chinese teacher.
|
||
Bury trip--June 18th,2016 We will be leaving the Perse School at 13:45.Please be at the school gate 10minutes early.If you are late,you may miss the bus and not be able to go!If you miss the bus,you won't get your money back.The bus is planned to arrive in Bury at 14:30,although this depends on traffic.You will have free time to walk around and we will meet at the same location where we arrived at 17:15to return to the Perse School by about 18:00. Things to do Visit the Abbey The Abbey is the min of a church which was built more than 1,000years ago.There are many nice gardens in it.And next to the Abbey,there is a big new church. Have a drink in the Nutshell This little bar is famous in Britain because it is officially the smallest bar in the country.Good things are put in small bags,and the Nutshell serves some of the area's finest beer,as well as fascinating photos. Have a look at a beer shop At the Greene King shop you can taste and buy some of the local beer,as well as food such as potato chips.There are also clothes available to buy. Several places are listed,but feel free to plan your own visit. The material is probably _ .
|
[
"a report",
"a diary",
"an introduction",
"a notice."
] | 3D
|
Bury trip--June 18th,2016 We will be leaving the Perse School at 13:45.Please be at the school gate 10minutes early.If you are late,you may miss the bus and not be able to go!If you miss the bus,you won't get your money back.The bus is planned to arrive in Bury at 14:30,although this depends on traffic.You will have free time to walk around and we will meet at the same location where we arrived at 17:15to return to the Perse School by about 18:00. Things to do Visit the Abbey The Abbey is the min of a church which was built more than 1,000years ago.There are many nice gardens in it.And next to the Abbey,there is a big new church. Have a drink in the Nutshell This little bar is famous in Britain because it is officially the smallest bar in the country.Good things are put in small bags,and the Nutshell serves some of the area's finest beer,as well as fascinating photos. Have a look at a beer shop At the Greene King shop you can taste and buy some of the local beer,as well as food such as potato chips.There are also clothes available to buy. Several places are listed,but feel free to plan your own visit. The material is probably _ .
A. a report
B. a diary
C. an introduction
D. a notice.
|
D. a notice.
|
Retrieved:
and st. mary's university ) college hill and forest hill in fredericton, new brunswick ( university of new brunswick ) sackville in tantramar, new brunswick ( mount allison university ) churchill park in st. john's, newfoundland and labrador ( memorial university of newfoundland ) = = = united kingdom = = = lenton in nottingham, university of nottingham uk jesmond in newcastle upon tyne, ( newcastle university ), ( northumbria university ), uk heaton in newcastle upon tyne, ( newcastle university ), ( northumbria university ), uk burley in leeds, ( university of leeds ), ( leeds metropolitan university ), uk hyde park in leeds, ( university of leeds ), ( leeds metropolitan university ), uk headingley in leeds, ( university of leeds ), ( leeds metropolitan university ), uk cowley road in oxford, uk fallowfield in manchester, ( university of manchester ), uk old aberdeen in aberdeen, ( university of aberdeen ) bournbrook in birmingham ( university of birmingham ), uk the holylands, belfast, near queens university. cathays in cardiff, wales, ( cardiff university ), ( cardiff metropolitan university ) mill road in cambridge, england, ( anglia ruskin university ) kensington in liverpool, england, ( university of liverpool and jmu ) wavertree ( especially off smithdown road ) in liverpool, england ( liverpool hope university and university of liverpool ) st johns in worcester ( university of worcester ) ecclesall road in sheffield, ( sheffield hallam university ), ( university of sheffield ), uk broomhill in sheffield ( university of sheffield ), uk brynmill in swansea, wales, ( swansea university ) mount pleasant in swansea, wales, ( swansea metropolitan university / swansea university ) crookesmoor road in sheffield ( university of sheffield ), uk oadby in leicester, ( university of leicester ), uk hales place in canterbury, ( university of kent ), uk new cross in london, ( goldsmiths, university of london ), uk redland, bristol ( university of bristol, university of the west of england ) portswood, in southampton, ( university of southampton ) stanmore, in winchester, ( university of winchester ) the groves ( york st john university ) and osbaldwick, fulford and layerthorpe ( university of york ) = = = hong kong = = = chek nai ping tai po tsai shek tong tsui = = = elsewhere = = = wista, berlin ( fu berlin, tu berlin and
Original Instruction:
Bury trip--June 18th,2016 We will be leaving the Perse School at 13:45.Please be at the school gate 10minutes early.If you are late,you may miss the bus and not be able to go!If you miss the bus,you won't get your money back.The bus is planned to arrive in Bury at 14:30,although this depends on traffic.You will have free time to walk around and we will meet at the same location where we arrived at 17:15to return to the Perse School by about 18:00. Things to do Visit the Abbey The Abbey is the min of a church which was built more than 1,000years ago.There are many nice gardens in it.And next to the Abbey,there is a big new church. Have a drink in the Nutshell This little bar is famous in Britain because it is officially the smallest bar in the country.Good things are put in small bags,and the Nutshell serves some of the area's finest beer,as well as fascinating photos. Have a look at a beer shop At the Greene King shop you can taste and buy some of the local beer,as well as food such as potato chips.There are also clothes available to buy. Several places are listed,but feel free to plan your own visit. The material is probably _ .
A. a report
B. a diary
C. an introduction
D. a notice.
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My name is Tom. I'm nine. This is my mother.Her name's Linda Johnson. Her telephone number is 13052864515.And this is my father.His name is Mike Johnson. His phone number is 13120884699.And this is my sister.What's her name?Her name is Mary. Look!The boy is my brother Nick. Mary is eight and Nick is six. Father's telephone number is _ .
|
[
"13120884699",
"13120884966",
"13052864515",
"13120889466"
] | 0A
|
My name is Tom. I'm nine. This is my mother.Her name's Linda Johnson. Her telephone number is 13052864515.And this is my father.His name is Mike Johnson. His phone number is 13120884699.And this is my sister.What's her name?Her name is Mary. Look!The boy is my brother Nick. Mary is eight and Nick is six. Father's telephone number is _ .
A. 13120884699
B. 13120884966
C. 13052864515
D. 13120889466
|
A. 13120884699
|
Retrieved:
" ( mae ja lao nitaan hai luuk fang ), or " mother will tell child a story ". similarly, older and younger friends will often use sibling terminology, so that an older friend telling a younger friend " you're my friend " would be " " ( nawng pen peuan pii ), would translate directly as " younger sibling is older sibling ’ s friend ". to be translated into english correctly, it is proper to use " i " and " you " for these example statements, but normal thai perceptions of relation are lost in the process. a similar feature can also be observed in indonesian. one may use the formal form of pronouns, which are generally distinct from the informal / familiar forms ; however, the use of these pronouns does not evoke sufficient friendliness or intimacy, especially in spoken language. instead of saying " anda mau pesan apa? ", a waiter / waitress will most likely say " bapak / ibu mau pesan apa? " ( lit.'father / mother wants to order what?'). the two expressions are equally polite ; however, the latter is more sympathetic and friendly. when conversing with family and relatives, most indonesians also prefer using kinship terminology ( father, mother, brother, sister ) when addressing older family members. when addressing younger family members, informal pronouns are more prevalent. = = = verb forms = = = english lacks some grammatical categories which are present in some other languages. there is no simple way in english to contrast finnish kirjoittaa or polish pisac ( continuing, corresponding to english'to write') with kirjoitella or pisywac ( a regular frequentative,'to occasionally write short passages at a time ', or'to jot down now and then'). similarly, hypata and skoczyc ( to jump once ) contrast with hyppia and skakac ( to continuously jump ; to be jumping from point a to b ). irish allows the prohibitive mood to be used in the passive voice. the effect is used to prohibit something while expressing society's disapproval for that action at the same time. for example, contrast na caithigi tobac ( meaning'don't smoke'when said to more than one person ), which uses the second person plural in the imperative meaning " do not smoke ", with na caitear tobac ( best translated as'smoking just isn't
Original Instruction:
My name is Tom. I'm nine. This is my mother.Her name's Linda Johnson. Her telephone number is 13052864515.And this is my father.His name is Mike Johnson. His phone number is 13120884699.And this is my sister.What's her name?Her name is Mary. Look!The boy is my brother Nick. Mary is eight and Nick is six. Father's telephone number is _ .
A. 13120884699
B. 13120884966
C. 13052864515
D. 13120889466
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A guy is trying to choose a spot to build his house. He chooses a place that will cause the least environmental change in an area, so he builds in
|
[
"a town",
"a jungle",
"a desert",
"a forest"
] | 0A
|
A guy is trying to choose a spot to build his house. He chooses a place that will cause the least environmental change in an area, so he builds in
A. a town
B. a jungle
C. a desert
D. a forest
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A. a town
|
Retrieved:
education, housing, and work. the rationale of this urban development model is to reduce the amount of time people spend commuting, as well as to reduce fossil fuel usage and to increase the sustainability of developments. while compact cities promise short commutes and sustainable designs, these benefits are not guaranteed. the problems preventing the desired outcomes include failure to consider the concentrated impact of dense populations on the environment and lack of planning for green space and pollution control. if planning addresses these issues and innovates to solve problems, everything promised by compact cities can be delivered. = = see also = = = = references = = = = external links = = compact city performance based building
Original Instruction:
A guy is trying to choose a spot to build his house. He chooses a place that will cause the least environmental change in an area, so he builds in
A. a town
B. a jungle
C. a desert
D. a forest
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||
One of the biggest accomplishments in sports in the last hundred years was the 4-minute mile. Running a mile in under 4 minutes was a huge barrier in sports. Once it was broken by one person, lots of athletes tried to break it too. For years, people thought that running a mile in less than 4 minutes was just _ impossible. It was common knowledge that nobody on earth could physically run a mile in under 4 minutes. Professional runners had been trying for years, training to beat that time, but had failed every time. In 1952, a British man by the name of Roger Bannister set a goal for himself: to be the first person to run a mile in under 4 minutes. He trained intensely, and 2 years later, Bannister finally broke 4-minute barrier. And you know what? Soon after that, more and more people began to run the mile in under 4 minutes. New world records were set almost every year following Bannister's sub-4-minute-mile. Nowadays, even a high school student can reasonably run a 4-minute mile. In about 50 years, the 4-minute mile went from impossible to professional to amateur. But I guess I'm not really answering the question here: what on earth does this have to do with learning Japanese? When you have a goal in mind, mental barriers can be huge obstacles to overcome, and learning Japanese is no different. But if you're devoted enough and make your goal your top priority , you might be surprised at what you can do. Put everything else aside for a while, just go for it and see what you can achieve. After all, if somebody can accomplish something that people thought was physically impossible, then maybe learning Japanese isn't so hard after all. According to the passage, we can know that _
|
[
"all the high school students can run the mile in under 4 minutes",
"high school students try to break records in the sports field",
"learning Japanese is not difficult at all",
"mental barriers are the biggest ones when achieving goals"
] | 3D
|
One of the biggest accomplishments in sports in the last hundred years was the 4-minute mile. Running a mile in under 4 minutes was a huge barrier in sports. Once it was broken by one person, lots of athletes tried to break it too. For years, people thought that running a mile in less than 4 minutes was just _ impossible. It was common knowledge that nobody on earth could physically run a mile in under 4 minutes. Professional runners had been trying for years, training to beat that time, but had failed every time. In 1952, a British man by the name of Roger Bannister set a goal for himself: to be the first person to run a mile in under 4 minutes. He trained intensely, and 2 years later, Bannister finally broke 4-minute barrier. And you know what? Soon after that, more and more people began to run the mile in under 4 minutes. New world records were set almost every year following Bannister's sub-4-minute-mile. Nowadays, even a high school student can reasonably run a 4-minute mile. In about 50 years, the 4-minute mile went from impossible to professional to amateur. But I guess I'm not really answering the question here: what on earth does this have to do with learning Japanese? When you have a goal in mind, mental barriers can be huge obstacles to overcome, and learning Japanese is no different. But if you're devoted enough and make your goal your top priority , you might be surprised at what you can do. Put everything else aside for a while, just go for it and see what you can achieve. After all, if somebody can accomplish something that people thought was physically impossible, then maybe learning Japanese isn't so hard after all. According to the passage, we can know that _
A. all the high school students can run the mile in under 4 minutes
B. high school students try to break records in the sports field
C. learning Japanese is not difficult at all
D. mental barriers are the biggest ones when achieving goals
|
D. mental barriers are the biggest ones when achieving goals
|
Retrieved:
##polarization, inexcitability, and so muscle weakness. ca2 + leakage from type 1 ryanodine receptor ) channels has also been identified with fatigue. = = = endurance failure = = = after intense prolonged exercise, there can be a collapse in body homeostasis. some famous examples include : dorando pietri in the 1908 summer olympic men's marathon ran the wrong way and collapsed several times. jim peters in the marathon of the 1954 commonwealth games staggered and collapsed several times, and though he had a five - kilometre ( three - mile ) lead, failed to finish. though it was formerly believed that this was due to severe dehydration, more recent research suggests it was the combined effects upon the brain of hyperthermia, hypertonic hypernatraemia associated with dehydration, and possibly hypoglycaemia. gabriela andersen - schiess in the woman's marathon at the los angeles 1984 summer olympics in the race's final 400 meters, stopping occasionally and shown signs of heat exhaustion. though she fell across the finish line, she was released from medical care only two hours later. = = = central governor = = = tim noakes, based on an earlier idea by the 1922 nobel prize in physiology or medicine winner archibald hill has proposed the existence of a central governor. in this, the brain continuously adjusts the power output by muscles during exercise in regard to a safe level of exertion. these neural calculations factor in prior length of strenuous exercise, the planned duration of further exertion, and the present metabolic state of the body. this adjusts the number of activated skeletal muscle motor units, and is subjectively experienced as fatigue and exhaustion. the idea of a central governor rejects the earlier idea that fatigue is only caused by mechanical failure of the exercising muscles ( " peripheral fatigue " ). instead, the brain models the metabolic limits of the body to ensure that whole body homeostasis is protected, in particular that the heart is guarded from hypoxia, and an emergency reserve is always maintained. the idea of the central governor has been questioned since'physiological catastrophes'can and do occur suggesting that if it did exist, athletes ( such as dorando pietri, jim peters and gabriela andersen - schiess ) can override it. = = = other factors = = = exercise fatigue has also been suggested to be affected by : brain hyperthermia glycogen depletion in brain cells depletion of muscle and
Original Instruction:
One of the biggest accomplishments in sports in the last hundred years was the 4-minute mile. Running a mile in under 4 minutes was a huge barrier in sports. Once it was broken by one person, lots of athletes tried to break it too. For years, people thought that running a mile in less than 4 minutes was just _ impossible. It was common knowledge that nobody on earth could physically run a mile in under 4 minutes. Professional runners had been trying for years, training to beat that time, but had failed every time. In 1952, a British man by the name of Roger Bannister set a goal for himself: to be the first person to run a mile in under 4 minutes. He trained intensely, and 2 years later, Bannister finally broke 4-minute barrier. And you know what? Soon after that, more and more people began to run the mile in under 4 minutes. New world records were set almost every year following Bannister's sub-4-minute-mile. Nowadays, even a high school student can reasonably run a 4-minute mile. In about 50 years, the 4-minute mile went from impossible to professional to amateur. But I guess I'm not really answering the question here: what on earth does this have to do with learning Japanese? When you have a goal in mind, mental barriers can be huge obstacles to overcome, and learning Japanese is no different. But if you're devoted enough and make your goal your top priority , you might be surprised at what you can do. Put everything else aside for a while, just go for it and see what you can achieve. After all, if somebody can accomplish something that people thought was physically impossible, then maybe learning Japanese isn't so hard after all. According to the passage, we can know that _
A. all the high school students can run the mile in under 4 minutes
B. high school students try to break records in the sports field
C. learning Japanese is not difficult at all
D. mental barriers are the biggest ones when achieving goals
|
||
In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off Shades of that spirit spread over today's conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut, butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, "Oh boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it's going to rain." I wanted to strike him in the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, but for his smile. Several months ago I was racing to catch a bus. As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Greyhound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile. "Oh that bus left five minutes ago." Dreams of head cutting! It's not the news that makes someone angry. It's the unsympathetic attitude with which it's delivered. Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and winning professionals do it with the proper attitude. A doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. A boss informing an employee he didn't get the job takes on a sympathetic tone. Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver. Unfortunately, many people are not aware of this. When you're tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn't ready yet? When you had your heart set on the toast beef, has your waiter merrily told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you, as traveler or diner, want to land your fist fight on their unsympathetic faces. Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning. Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, "Oh, that's all right. I'll catch the next one." Big winners, when they hear bad news, deliver bombs with the emotion thebombarded person is sure to have . What is the main idea of the text?
|
[
"Delivering bad news properly is important in communication.",
"Helping others sincerely is the key to business success.",
"Receiving bad news requires great courage.",
"Learning ancient traditions can be useful."
] | 0A
|
In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off Shades of that spirit spread over today's conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut, butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, "Oh boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it's going to rain." I wanted to strike him in the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, but for his smile. Several months ago I was racing to catch a bus. As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Greyhound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile. "Oh that bus left five minutes ago." Dreams of head cutting! It's not the news that makes someone angry. It's the unsympathetic attitude with which it's delivered. Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and winning professionals do it with the proper attitude. A doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. A boss informing an employee he didn't get the job takes on a sympathetic tone. Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver. Unfortunately, many people are not aware of this. When you're tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn't ready yet? When you had your heart set on the toast beef, has your waiter merrily told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you, as traveler or diner, want to land your fist fight on their unsympathetic faces. Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning. Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, "Oh, that's all right. I'll catch the next one." Big winners, when they hear bad news, deliver bombs with the emotion thebombarded person is sure to have . What is the main idea of the text?
A. Delivering bad news properly is important in communication.
B. Helping others sincerely is the key to business success.
C. Receiving bad news requires great courage.
D. Learning ancient traditions can be useful.
|
A. Delivering bad news properly is important in communication.
|
Retrieved:
which car to purchase, were more likely to " choose not to choose, " or to stick with the status quo. study participants who experienced " frustrated anger " were more likely to choose a high risk, high reward option in a lottery – a choice the authors categorize as " self - defeating. " " fearful people made pessimistic judgments of future events whereas angry people made optimistic judgements. " study participants who had been induced to feel sad were likely to set a lower selling price for an item they were asked to sell ; the researchers suggest that selling the item would bring about a change in the participants ’ circumstances and thus perhaps a positive change in mood. participants with " normal emotion processing " were engaged in a card - drawing task. when drawing from " dangerous decks " and consequently experiencing losses and the associated negative emotions, they subsequently made safer and more lucrative choices. participants with brain damage that had left them unable to experience such emotional responses, did not change their behavior in this way. = = see also = = = = references = =
Original Instruction:
In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off Shades of that spirit spread over today's conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut, butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, "Oh boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it's going to rain." I wanted to strike him in the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, but for his smile. Several months ago I was racing to catch a bus. As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Greyhound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile. "Oh that bus left five minutes ago." Dreams of head cutting! It's not the news that makes someone angry. It's the unsympathetic attitude with which it's delivered. Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and winning professionals do it with the proper attitude. A doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. A boss informing an employee he didn't get the job takes on a sympathetic tone. Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver. Unfortunately, many people are not aware of this. When you're tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn't ready yet? When you had your heart set on the toast beef, has your waiter merrily told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you, as traveler or diner, want to land your fist fight on their unsympathetic faces. Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning. Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, "Oh, that's all right. I'll catch the next one." Big winners, when they hear bad news, deliver bombs with the emotion thebombarded person is sure to have . What is the main idea of the text?
A. Delivering bad news properly is important in communication.
B. Helping others sincerely is the key to business success.
C. Receiving bad news requires great courage.
D. Learning ancient traditions can be useful.
|
||
My name is Jenny . I have a sister and a brother, Rose and Paul. We like apples very much. Rose and I like hamburgers. But I don't like salad. Paul doesn't like broccoli. But Rose does. My parents like tomatoes and French fries. _ doesn't like salad.
|
[
"My sister",
"My brother",
"My father",
"Jenny"
] | 3D
|
My name is Jenny . I have a sister and a brother, Rose and Paul. We like apples very much. Rose and I like hamburgers. But I don't like salad. Paul doesn't like broccoli. But Rose does. My parents like tomatoes and French fries. _ doesn't like salad.
A. My sister
B. My brother
C. My father
D. Jenny
|
D. Jenny
|
Retrieved:
flip side, the english word cousins does not distinguish gender, but many languages do, included romance languages, slavic languages and chinese languages. by blood or by marriage. for example, the english word uncle can refer to a parent's brother, or a husband of a parent's sibling. many languages, such as hindi, bengali, hungarian and chinese distinguish these. this is also true for latin where e. g. avunculus refers to one's mother's brother, but cannot refer to one's mother's sister's husband, named thus materterae maritus ( the husband of the maternal aunt ). full or half sibling. in arabic, " brother " is often translated into اخ ( akh ). however, whilst this word may describe a brother who shares either one or both parents, there is a separate word - شقيق ( shaqiq ) - to describe a brother with whom one shares both parents. age relative to oneself or one's parent. for example in bengali, father's elder brothers are called jethu ( ), while younger brothers are called kaku ( কাক ). their wives are called jethi - ma ( - মা ) and kaki - ma ( কাকি - মা ), respectively. another common issue is translating brother or sister into chinese or japanese, which have separate words for older and younger ones. relations by marriage. there is no standard english word for the italian " consuoceri ", yiddish " makhatunim ", latin συμπεθεροι / συμπεθερες, consocer, spanish " consuegros " or portuguese " consogros " : a gender - neutral collective plural like " co - in - laws ". if harry marries sally, then in yiddish, harry's father is the " mekhutn " of sally's father ; each mother is the " makheteyneste " of the other. in romanian, they are “ cuscri ”. in bengali, both fathers are beayi and mothers, beyan. bengali has dada / bhai for brother and jamai - babu / bhagni - pati for brother - in - law ; chhele for son and jamai for son - in - law. spanish and portuguese contrast " brother " with " brother - in - law " ( " hermano / irmao ",
Original Instruction:
My name is Jenny . I have a sister and a brother, Rose and Paul. We like apples very much. Rose and I like hamburgers. But I don't like salad. Paul doesn't like broccoli. But Rose does. My parents like tomatoes and French fries. _ doesn't like salad.
A. My sister
B. My brother
C. My father
D. Jenny
|
||
Parents whose children show a special interest in a sport feel very difficult to make a decision about their children's careers. Should they allow their children to train to become top sportsmen and sportswomen? For many children it means starting schoolwork very young, and going out with friends and other interests have to take a second place. It's very difficult to explain to a young child why he or she has to train five hours a day, even at the weekend, when most of his or her friends are playing. Another problem is of course money. In many countries money for training is available from government for the very best young sportsmen and sportswomen. If this help can not be given, it means that it is the parents who have to find the time and the money to support their child's development and sports clothes, transport to competitions, special equipment, etc. All can be very expensive. Many parents are worried that it is dangerous to start serious training in a sport at an early age. Some doctors agree that young muscles may he damaged by training before they are properly developed. Professional trainers, however, believe that it is only by training when young that you can reach the top as a successful sports person. It is clear that very few people do reach the top, and both parents and children should be prepared for failure even after many years of training. This passage is most probably taken from _ .
|
[
"a letter",
"an advertisement",
"a personal diary",
"a newspaper"
] | 3D
|
Parents whose children show a special interest in a sport feel very difficult to make a decision about their children's careers. Should they allow their children to train to become top sportsmen and sportswomen? For many children it means starting schoolwork very young, and going out with friends and other interests have to take a second place. It's very difficult to explain to a young child why he or she has to train five hours a day, even at the weekend, when most of his or her friends are playing. Another problem is of course money. In many countries money for training is available from government for the very best young sportsmen and sportswomen. If this help can not be given, it means that it is the parents who have to find the time and the money to support their child's development and sports clothes, transport to competitions, special equipment, etc. All can be very expensive. Many parents are worried that it is dangerous to start serious training in a sport at an early age. Some doctors agree that young muscles may he damaged by training before they are properly developed. Professional trainers, however, believe that it is only by training when young that you can reach the top as a successful sports person. It is clear that very few people do reach the top, and both parents and children should be prepared for failure even after many years of training. This passage is most probably taken from _ .
A. a letter
B. an advertisement
C. a personal diary
D. a newspaper
|
D. a newspaper
|
Retrieved:
as they age, children become able to have control over their bodies and have an increased attention span. having children practice a sport helps them develop their coordination through the use of the varied movements involved in the sport. participating in a sport also shows benefits in social development for children. teachers will suggest that their students may need occupational therapists in different situations. students could get frustrated doing writing exercises if they are having difficulties with their writing skills. it also may affect the teacher because it is illegible. some children also may have reports of their " hands getting tired ". there are many occupational therapists out there today to give students the help they need. these therapists were once used when something was seriously wrong with your child but now they are used to help children be the best they can be. according to the article " the relationship between fundamental motor skills and outside - school physical activity of elementary school children ", the developmental level of overhand throwing and jumping of elementary kids is related to skill specific physical activity outside of school. in the studies done, boys were seen to have higher scores in developmental level of overhand throwing and higher scores for the caltrac accelerometer, rapid - trunk movement, and motor skill related physical activities. girls were seen to have higher scores in lower - intensity physical activities and physical inactivity. the study showed that the developmental level of the fundamental skills ( overhand - throwing and jumping ) are related to skill - specific physical activity outside of school in elementary children. we can conclude that boys will develop fundamental motor skills more quickly than girls will. in other studies it has been seen that having a higher motor proficiency leads to kids being more physically active, and in most cases more athletic. this can lead to some issues in childhood development such as issues with weight, and increasing the public health epidemic of childhood obesity. = = adolescence and adulthood = = between the ages of 7 and 12, children's running speed continues to increase and they get better at motor tasks such as skipping. along with horizontal movement skills, they also improve with vertical / diagonal movement skills such as jumping, as well as in skills involving strength and precision like throwing, kicking, hitting a baseball with a bat, or dribbling a basketball. ( age ) gross motor skills usually continue improving during adolescence. the peak of physical performance is before 30, between 18 and 26. even though athletes keep getting better than their predecessors — running faster, jumping higher, and lifting more weight — the age at which they reach their peak performance has remained virtually
Original Instruction:
Parents whose children show a special interest in a sport feel very difficult to make a decision about their children's careers. Should they allow their children to train to become top sportsmen and sportswomen? For many children it means starting schoolwork very young, and going out with friends and other interests have to take a second place. It's very difficult to explain to a young child why he or she has to train five hours a day, even at the weekend, when most of his or her friends are playing. Another problem is of course money. In many countries money for training is available from government for the very best young sportsmen and sportswomen. If this help can not be given, it means that it is the parents who have to find the time and the money to support their child's development and sports clothes, transport to competitions, special equipment, etc. All can be very expensive. Many parents are worried that it is dangerous to start serious training in a sport at an early age. Some doctors agree that young muscles may he damaged by training before they are properly developed. Professional trainers, however, believe that it is only by training when young that you can reach the top as a successful sports person. It is clear that very few people do reach the top, and both parents and children should be prepared for failure even after many years of training. This passage is most probably taken from _ .
A. a letter
B. an advertisement
C. a personal diary
D. a newspaper
|
||
David bought a new house and wanted to start a garden in his backyard. He asked his friend Anthony to go with him to the store. David and Anthony went to the store on Saturday to pick out soil and seeds. They went into the big store and passed by many other things like jewelry, books, and movies, and then they reached the garden section. The store's garden section was huge! They had vegetable seeds, plant seeds, and flower seeds. David wanted to grow cucumbers, tomatoes, lettuce, corn, and potatoes. Anthony helped him find those vegetable seeds. The next day, David started to plant the seeds. In a few weeks, there were lots of vegetables growing in his garden! He began to pick the vegetables and use them when he cooked. He also gave them away as gifts to his family and friends. They loved his vegetables! Soon, David wanted to make his garden even bigger. He went back to the garden store and bought seeds to plant more vegetables. Soon his whole backyard was full of delicious vegetables! What did David buy at the store?
|
[
"Jewelry.",
"Seeds.",
"Movies.",
"Books."
] | 1B
|
David bought a new house and wanted to start a garden in his backyard. He asked his friend Anthony to go with him to the store. David and Anthony went to the store on Saturday to pick out soil and seeds. They went into the big store and passed by many other things like jewelry, books, and movies, and then they reached the garden section. The store's garden section was huge! They had vegetable seeds, plant seeds, and flower seeds. David wanted to grow cucumbers, tomatoes, lettuce, corn, and potatoes. Anthony helped him find those vegetable seeds. The next day, David started to plant the seeds. In a few weeks, there were lots of vegetables growing in his garden! He began to pick the vegetables and use them when he cooked. He also gave them away as gifts to his family and friends. They loved his vegetables! Soon, David wanted to make his garden even bigger. He went back to the garden store and bought seeds to plant more vegetables. Soon his whole backyard was full of delicious vegetables! What did David buy at the store?
A. Jewelry.
B. Seeds.
C. Movies.
D. Books.
|
B. Seeds.
|
Retrieved:
n. h. : university press of new england, 1997. favretti, rudy j. and favretti, joy p. landscapes and gardens for historic buildings. walnut creek, calif. : altamira press, 1997. forsyth, holly kerr. gardens of eden : among the world's most beautiful gardens. carlton, vic. : miegunyah press, 2009. griswold, mac and foley, roger. washington's gardens at mount vernon : landscape of the inner man. boston, mass. : houghton mifflin, 1999. johnson, vicki. " symmetry in the garden. " old house interiors. may 2002, p. 72 - 75. karson, robin s. fletcher steele, landscape architect : an account of the gardenmaker's life, 1885 - 1971. amherst, mass. : university of massachusetts press, 2003. kowalchik, claire ; hylton, william h. ; and carr, anna. rodale's illustrated encyclopedia of herbs. emmaus, pa. : rodale press, 1998. kunst, scott g. " victorian vegetables. " old - house journal. april 1987, p. 46 - 51. mcguire, diane kostial. gardens of america : three centuries of design. charlottesville, va. : thomasson - grant, 1989. phillips, ellen and burrell, c. colston. rodale's illustrated encyclopedia of perennials. emmaus, pa. : rodale press, 1993. seeber, barbara h. a city of gardens : glorious public gardens in and around the nation's capital. sterling, va. : capital books, 2004. tankard, judith b. " ellen biddle shipman's colonial revival garden style. " in re - creating the american past : essays on the colonial revival. richard guy wilson, shaun eyring, and kenny marotta, eds. charlottesville, va. : university press of virginia, 2006. taylor, patrick. the oxford companion to the garden. new york : oxford university press, 2008. thalimer, carol and thalimer, dan. quick escapes, atlanta : 27 weekend getaways from the gateway to the south. guilford, con.. : globe pequot press, 2005. wright, renee. virginia beach, richmond & tidewater virginia including williamsburg, norfolk and jamestown : a great destination. woodstock, vt. : countryman press, 2010.
Original Instruction:
David bought a new house and wanted to start a garden in his backyard. He asked his friend Anthony to go with him to the store. David and Anthony went to the store on Saturday to pick out soil and seeds. They went into the big store and passed by many other things like jewelry, books, and movies, and then they reached the garden section. The store's garden section was huge! They had vegetable seeds, plant seeds, and flower seeds. David wanted to grow cucumbers, tomatoes, lettuce, corn, and potatoes. Anthony helped him find those vegetable seeds. The next day, David started to plant the seeds. In a few weeks, there were lots of vegetables growing in his garden! He began to pick the vegetables and use them when he cooked. He also gave them away as gifts to his family and friends. They loved his vegetables! Soon, David wanted to make his garden even bigger. He went back to the garden store and bought seeds to plant more vegetables. Soon his whole backyard was full of delicious vegetables! What did David buy at the store?
A. Jewelry.
B. Seeds.
C. Movies.
D. Books.
|
||
Convenience Foods Instead of buying only fresh foods, Americans nowadays buy many more convenience foods. These are foods which are ready partly or completely prepared. Many of them are frozen, such as frozen dinner, heat-and-serve French fries, and frozen pizzas. There are also many canned convenience foods, such as ready-made spaghetti, soups, stews and vegetables Convenience foods save time and trouble. They are popular with people who are busy or who don't like to cook or wash dishes. But they often cost more than fresh, unprepared foods and many contain man-made additives. Also, many people feel they don't taste as good as home-cooked foods. Health Food and Co-ops In the 1960s, a "back-to-the-earth" movement was started by young people in the United States. The movement was a reaction against the harmful effects of technology. From the movement came a new understanding of food and health. Many people now prefer natural and organic foods to the prepared foods sold in health foods stores and in food co-ops, which are small stores where customers help manage the store. In co-ops, food is usually not packaged. Customers bring their own bags and jars and scoop their food out of boxes or baskets. The Diet Craze These days Americans are more and more concerned with their weight. Perhaps as many as 70 million Americans are on weight-dollar business. American supermarkets sell a variety of diet food such as soft drinks, diet candy, and diet salad dressings. Dieters also spend money on diet pills, exercise machines, and jogging suits . Each year dozens of new diets are popularized. They have such names as the Miracle Diet, the Nine-day Wonder Diet, and the East 24-hour Diet. There is even one called the Ice Cream Diet, which advises the dieters to eat only ice cream for lunch and dinner! For dieters who cannot lose weight on their own, there are many well-organized diet groups, which offer help and encouragement. Which is the writer's opinion on American diets?
|
[
"They are all effective to people",
"They are of no effect on people",
"The Ice Cream Diet is the best",
"Not all of them are believable"
] | 3D
|
Convenience Foods Instead of buying only fresh foods, Americans nowadays buy many more convenience foods. These are foods which are ready partly or completely prepared. Many of them are frozen, such as frozen dinner, heat-and-serve French fries, and frozen pizzas. There are also many canned convenience foods, such as ready-made spaghetti, soups, stews and vegetables Convenience foods save time and trouble. They are popular with people who are busy or who don't like to cook or wash dishes. But they often cost more than fresh, unprepared foods and many contain man-made additives. Also, many people feel they don't taste as good as home-cooked foods. Health Food and Co-ops In the 1960s, a "back-to-the-earth" movement was started by young people in the United States. The movement was a reaction against the harmful effects of technology. From the movement came a new understanding of food and health. Many people now prefer natural and organic foods to the prepared foods sold in health foods stores and in food co-ops, which are small stores where customers help manage the store. In co-ops, food is usually not packaged. Customers bring their own bags and jars and scoop their food out of boxes or baskets. The Diet Craze These days Americans are more and more concerned with their weight. Perhaps as many as 70 million Americans are on weight-dollar business. American supermarkets sell a variety of diet food such as soft drinks, diet candy, and diet salad dressings. Dieters also spend money on diet pills, exercise machines, and jogging suits . Each year dozens of new diets are popularized. They have such names as the Miracle Diet, the Nine-day Wonder Diet, and the East 24-hour Diet. There is even one called the Ice Cream Diet, which advises the dieters to eat only ice cream for lunch and dinner! For dieters who cannot lose weight on their own, there are many well-organized diet groups, which offer help and encouragement. Which is the writer's opinion on American diets?
A. They are all effective to people
B. They are of no effect on people
C. The Ice Cream Diet is the best
D. Not all of them are believable
|
D. Not all of them are believable
|
Retrieved:
little control ; power is concentrated in the center of the supply chain, where corporations control how food moves from producers to consumers. = = = = disempowerment of consumers = = = = people living in different areas face substantial inequality in their access to healthy food. areas where affordable, healthy food, particularly fresh fruits and vegetables, is difficult to access are sometimes called food deserts. this term has been particularly applied in the usa. in addition, conventional channels do not distribute food by emergency assistance or charity. urban residents receive more sustainable food production from healthier and safer sources than low - income communities. nonetheless, conventional channels are more sustainable than charitable or welfare food resources. even though the conventional food system provides easier access and lower prices, their food may not be the best for the environment nor consumer health. people who live in food deserts are currently being overfed with fast food and ultra - processed foods, yet remain undernourished because they are consuming nutrient - poor diets. both obesity and undernutrition are associated with poverty and marginalization. this has been referred to as the " double burden of malnutrition. " in low - income areas, there may be abundant access to fast - food or small convenience stores and " corner " stores, but no supermarkets that sell a variety of healthy foods. = = = = disempowerment of producers = = = = small farms tend to be more sustainable than large farming operations, because of differences in their management and methods. industrial agriculture replaces human labor using increased usage of fossil fuels, fertilizers, pesticides, and machinery and is heavily reliant on monoculture. however, if current trends continue, the number of operating farms in existence is expected to halve by 2100, as smallholders'farms are consolidated into larger operations. the percentage of people who work as farmers worldwide dropped from 44 % to 26 % between 1991 and 2020. small farmers worldwide are often trapped in poverty and have little agency in the global food system. smallholder farms produce a greater diversity of crops as well as harboring more non - crop biodiversity, but in wealthy, industrialized countries, small farms have declined severely. for example, in the usa, 4 % of the total number of farms operate 26 % of all agricultural land. = = = complications from globalization = = = the need to reduce production costs in an increasingly global market can cause production of foods to be moved to areas where economic costs ( labor, taxes, etc. ) are lower or environmental regulations are
Original Instruction:
Convenience Foods Instead of buying only fresh foods, Americans nowadays buy many more convenience foods. These are foods which are ready partly or completely prepared. Many of them are frozen, such as frozen dinner, heat-and-serve French fries, and frozen pizzas. There are also many canned convenience foods, such as ready-made spaghetti, soups, stews and vegetables Convenience foods save time and trouble. They are popular with people who are busy or who don't like to cook or wash dishes. But they often cost more than fresh, unprepared foods and many contain man-made additives. Also, many people feel they don't taste as good as home-cooked foods. Health Food and Co-ops In the 1960s, a "back-to-the-earth" movement was started by young people in the United States. The movement was a reaction against the harmful effects of technology. From the movement came a new understanding of food and health. Many people now prefer natural and organic foods to the prepared foods sold in health foods stores and in food co-ops, which are small stores where customers help manage the store. In co-ops, food is usually not packaged. Customers bring their own bags and jars and scoop their food out of boxes or baskets. The Diet Craze These days Americans are more and more concerned with their weight. Perhaps as many as 70 million Americans are on weight-dollar business. American supermarkets sell a variety of diet food such as soft drinks, diet candy, and diet salad dressings. Dieters also spend money on diet pills, exercise machines, and jogging suits . Each year dozens of new diets are popularized. They have such names as the Miracle Diet, the Nine-day Wonder Diet, and the East 24-hour Diet. There is even one called the Ice Cream Diet, which advises the dieters to eat only ice cream for lunch and dinner! For dieters who cannot lose weight on their own, there are many well-organized diet groups, which offer help and encouragement. Which is the writer's opinion on American diets?
A. They are all effective to people
B. They are of no effect on people
C. The Ice Cream Diet is the best
D. Not all of them are believable
|
||
One day an Australian farmer,Joe,saw a bright light in the sky. The light came nearer and nearer and suddenly Joe realized that it was a spaceship. The spaceship landed in a field nearby. The door of the spaceship opened and two strange beings climbed out. They seemed to be half man and half bird. Joe was afraid of them. He tried to run away. But the spacemen walked towards him,picked him up and carried him into the spaceship.They put wires from a machine onto his head and they they began to speak to him in English. They asked him questions about earth."We' re from Venus ,"they said,"But it is getting very hot there. A lot of our people are dying and we have not much time left. We are trying to find a new home." After some time they freed Joe and at last the spaceship took off and disappeared. Joe told his friends about the spacemen,but no one believed his story. "You wi ll believe me one day,"Joe told them."The spacemen will come back again." ,. According to the passage,which sentence is RIGHT?
|
[
"The aliens took away Joe",
"It is getting very cold on Venus",
"A lot of people on Venus are dying",
"Not all the people believed Joe"
] | 2C
|
One day an Australian farmer,Joe,saw a bright light in the sky. The light came nearer and nearer and suddenly Joe realized that it was a spaceship. The spaceship landed in a field nearby. The door of the spaceship opened and two strange beings climbed out. They seemed to be half man and half bird. Joe was afraid of them. He tried to run away. But the spacemen walked towards him,picked him up and carried him into the spaceship.They put wires from a machine onto his head and they they began to speak to him in English. They asked him questions about earth."We' re from Venus ,"they said,"But it is getting very hot there. A lot of our people are dying and we have not much time left. We are trying to find a new home." After some time they freed Joe and at last the spaceship took off and disappeared. Joe told his friends about the spacemen,but no one believed his story. "You wi ll believe me one day,"Joe told them."The spacemen will come back again." ,. According to the passage,which sentence is RIGHT?
A. The aliens took away Joe
B. It is getting very cold on Venus
C. A lot of people on Venus are dying
D. Not all the people believed Joe
|
C. A lot of people on Venus are dying
|
Retrieved:
as one of the new york times editors'choice of books. professor lewis dartnell, writing in the times, summarised, " pondering scientifically on the concept of the extraterrestrial, of universalities and alternatives, is to hold a full - length mirror up to ourselves. this allows us to deconstruct everything from our physiology to psychology, and so explore why humans are the way we are. to comprehend the alien is to know thyself. " in the sunday times, titled using darwinism to imagine what extraterrestrials may really be like james mcconnachie wrote, " arik kershenbaum is a cambridge zoologist who wants to prepare us for first contact. when we finally discover aliens, what might they be like?... where much writing on astrobiology is joyously speculative, kershenbaum is doggedly cautious, building his case from first evolutionary principles. " primatologist frans de waal wrote, " if you don't want to be surprised by extraterrestrial life, look no further than this lively overview of the laws of evolution that have produced life on earth. assuming these laws to be universal, arik kershenbaum predicts what alien organisms might look like. " = = references = = = = external links = = the zoologist's guide to the galaxy on the penguin books website. the zoologist's guide to the galaxy reviewed on the university of cambridge website.
Original Instruction:
One day an Australian farmer,Joe,saw a bright light in the sky. The light came nearer and nearer and suddenly Joe realized that it was a spaceship. The spaceship landed in a field nearby. The door of the spaceship opened and two strange beings climbed out. They seemed to be half man and half bird. Joe was afraid of them. He tried to run away. But the spacemen walked towards him,picked him up and carried him into the spaceship.They put wires from a machine onto his head and they they began to speak to him in English. They asked him questions about earth."We' re from Venus ,"they said,"But it is getting very hot there. A lot of our people are dying and we have not much time left. We are trying to find a new home." After some time they freed Joe and at last the spaceship took off and disappeared. Joe told his friends about the spacemen,but no one believed his story. "You wi ll believe me one day,"Joe told them."The spacemen will come back again." ,. According to the passage,which sentence is RIGHT?
A. The aliens took away Joe
B. It is getting very cold on Venus
C. A lot of people on Venus are dying
D. Not all the people believed Joe
|
||
My father quit driving in 1927, when he was 25 years old.So my brother and I grew up in a household without a car.In 1951,when my brother turned 16, my parents bought a used 1950 Chevrolet from a friend.Since my parents didn't drive, it more or less became my brother's car. Having a car but not being able to drive didn't bother my father, but it didn't make sense to my mother.So in 1952, when she was 43 years old, she learned to drive.For the next 45 years or so, until she was 90, my mother was the driver in the family. After my father retired when he was 70, he almost always accompanied my mother whenever she drove anywhere, even if he had no reason to go along.One day my father said to me, "Do you want to know the secret of a long life?" "I guess so," I said, knowing it probably would be something bizarre . "No left turns." he said. "What?" I asked. "No left turns," he repeated."Think about it.Three rights are the same as a left and that's a lot safer.Several years ago, your mother and I read an article that said most accidents that old people are in happen when they turn left in front of oncoming traffic.As you get older, your eyesight worsens.So your mother and I decided never again to make a left turn." "You're kidding!" I said, and I turned to my mother for support."No." she said. "Your father is right.We make three rights.It works." But then she added: "Except when your father _ ." "Loses count?" I asked. "Yes," my father admitted, "that sometimes happens.But it's not a problem.You just make seven rights, and you're okay again." I couldn't resist."Do you ever go for 11 ?" I asked. "No," he said "If we miss it at seven, we just come home and call it a bad day. Besides, nothing in life is so important it can't be put off another day or another week." My mother was never in an accident all through her life. When did the parents have their first son according to the passage?
|
[
"In 1952.",
"In 1951.",
"In 1935.",
"In 1927."
] | 2C
|
My father quit driving in 1927, when he was 25 years old.So my brother and I grew up in a household without a car.In 1951,when my brother turned 16, my parents bought a used 1950 Chevrolet from a friend.Since my parents didn't drive, it more or less became my brother's car. Having a car but not being able to drive didn't bother my father, but it didn't make sense to my mother.So in 1952, when she was 43 years old, she learned to drive.For the next 45 years or so, until she was 90, my mother was the driver in the family. After my father retired when he was 70, he almost always accompanied my mother whenever she drove anywhere, even if he had no reason to go along.One day my father said to me, "Do you want to know the secret of a long life?" "I guess so," I said, knowing it probably would be something bizarre . "No left turns." he said. "What?" I asked. "No left turns," he repeated."Think about it.Three rights are the same as a left and that's a lot safer.Several years ago, your mother and I read an article that said most accidents that old people are in happen when they turn left in front of oncoming traffic.As you get older, your eyesight worsens.So your mother and I decided never again to make a left turn." "You're kidding!" I said, and I turned to my mother for support."No." she said. "Your father is right.We make three rights.It works." But then she added: "Except when your father _ ." "Loses count?" I asked. "Yes," my father admitted, "that sometimes happens.But it's not a problem.You just make seven rights, and you're okay again." I couldn't resist."Do you ever go for 11 ?" I asked. "No," he said "If we miss it at seven, we just come home and call it a bad day. Besides, nothing in life is so important it can't be put off another day or another week." My mother was never in an accident all through her life. When did the parents have their first son according to the passage?
A. In 1952.
B. In 1951.
C. In 1935.
D. In 1927.
|
C. In 1935.
|
Retrieved:
beyond the proximate edge of clear visibility and choose such a speed accordingly, transfers classic common law liability from that driver for his or her " blind " actions. this duty to assure clear distance ahead is inevitably transferred, as an externality to everybody or thing else who must instead warn the driver, such as the government, its road engineers, and maintainers. as it is generally probable and foreseeable that, chance will permit, and at some point there will be an obstruction beyond some driver's line of sight, such an entitlement challenges centuries of precedent in negligence doctrine in addition to posing difficult policy and engineering challenges. it also violates the calculus of negligence because speed is an inherent factor in vehicular accidents which are a leading cause of priceless life loss and lawsuits, and the burden of a precautions speed is radically lower than the former. the assumption of risk resulting from the unsafe activity of driving faster than one can stop within one's vision, does not depend ex post facto on what you happened to hit, for which by nature you could not have known ; it could have been a moose or a luxury car. furthermore, modern times still provide no legal remedies for darwinian misfortune upon the entire class of unwarnable accidents where drivers and their passengers would not have collided into the likes of a moose, livestock, fallen tree, rock, jetsam, horse - drawn vehicle, stalled vehicle, school bus, garbage truck, mail carrier, snowplow, washout, snow drift, or slid off the road, were it not for their decisions to drive faster than dictated by the assured clear distance ahead. regardless of what behavior an authority might encourage by fabricating new rights, it remains timeless that constituents cannot sue the wind for causing a wreck when it inevitably violates a " modern right to drive faster than permitted by the acda " by failing to warn them it knocked down a tree in a forest with many trees which all eventually fell. in this specific regard, jurisdictions which grant drivers the liberty to be fools from their own folly, are also condoning the collateral damage and life loss which is expected to occur. moreover, modern life - entrusting consumers of driving services and driverless cars who suffer such caused injury are left without legal remedy for foreseeable outcome of imprudent speed ; this in - turn unnecessarily transfers a substantive portion of the acda liability space into act of god, government claims, strict liability, or other findings from legal fiction which the justice system
Original Instruction:
My father quit driving in 1927, when he was 25 years old.So my brother and I grew up in a household without a car.In 1951,when my brother turned 16, my parents bought a used 1950 Chevrolet from a friend.Since my parents didn't drive, it more or less became my brother's car. Having a car but not being able to drive didn't bother my father, but it didn't make sense to my mother.So in 1952, when she was 43 years old, she learned to drive.For the next 45 years or so, until she was 90, my mother was the driver in the family. After my father retired when he was 70, he almost always accompanied my mother whenever she drove anywhere, even if he had no reason to go along.One day my father said to me, "Do you want to know the secret of a long life?" "I guess so," I said, knowing it probably would be something bizarre . "No left turns." he said. "What?" I asked. "No left turns," he repeated."Think about it.Three rights are the same as a left and that's a lot safer.Several years ago, your mother and I read an article that said most accidents that old people are in happen when they turn left in front of oncoming traffic.As you get older, your eyesight worsens.So your mother and I decided never again to make a left turn." "You're kidding!" I said, and I turned to my mother for support."No." she said. "Your father is right.We make three rights.It works." But then she added: "Except when your father _ ." "Loses count?" I asked. "Yes," my father admitted, "that sometimes happens.But it's not a problem.You just make seven rights, and you're okay again." I couldn't resist."Do you ever go for 11 ?" I asked. "No," he said "If we miss it at seven, we just come home and call it a bad day. Besides, nothing in life is so important it can't be put off another day or another week." My mother was never in an accident all through her life. When did the parents have their first son according to the passage?
A. In 1952.
B. In 1951.
C. In 1935.
D. In 1927.
|
||
Life in Britain today Food British people like good food, and more than half of them go to a restaurant every month. Fast food is also very popular---30% of all adults have a burger every three months, but 46% have fish and chips! Sports British people don't do a lot of sport. Only 17% of people go swimming every week. 9% go cycling and 8% play golf. Only 6% people play football (but 32% go to watch it). Cinema and TV Films are very popular in Britain, and about 60% of people between 15 and 24 go to the cinema every month. At home, men watch TV for about three hours every day--half an hour more than women. Holidays British people love going on holidays. Most of these holidays aren't in the UK---27% are in Spain, 10% are in the U.S, and 9% are in France. Maybe this is because the weather in Britain is terrible! British women watch about _ of TV every day.
|
[
"2 hours",
"3 hours",
"2.5 hours",
"4 hours"
] | 2C
|
Life in Britain today Food British people like good food, and more than half of them go to a restaurant every month. Fast food is also very popular---30% of all adults have a burger every three months, but 46% have fish and chips! Sports British people don't do a lot of sport. Only 17% of people go swimming every week. 9% go cycling and 8% play golf. Only 6% people play football (but 32% go to watch it). Cinema and TV Films are very popular in Britain, and about 60% of people between 15 and 24 go to the cinema every month. At home, men watch TV for about three hours every day--half an hour more than women. Holidays British people love going on holidays. Most of these holidays aren't in the UK---27% are in Spain, 10% are in the U.S, and 9% are in France. Maybe this is because the weather in Britain is terrible! British women watch about _ of TV every day.
A. 2 hours
B. 3 hours
C. 2.5 hours
D. 4 hours
|
C. 2.5 hours
|
Retrieved:
everyday life, daily life or routine life comprises the ways in which people typically act, think, and feel on a daily basis. everyday life may be described as mundane, routine, natural, habitual, or normal. human diurnality means most people sleep at least part of the night and are active in daytime. most eat two or three meals in a day. working time ( apart from shift work ) mostly involves a daily schedule, beginning in the morning. this produces the daily rush hours experienced by many millions, and the drive time focused on by radio broadcasters. evening is often leisure time. bathing every day is a custom for many. beyond these broad similarities, lifestyles vary and different people spend their days differently. for example, nomadic life differs from sedentism, and among the sedentary, urban people live differently from rural folk. differences in the lives of the rich and the poor, or between laborers and intellectuals, may go beyond their working hours. children and adults also vary in what they do each day. = = sociological perspectives = = everyday life is a key concept in cultural studies and is a specialized subject in the field of sociology. some argue that, motivated by capitalism and industrialism's degrading effects on human existence and perception, writers and artists of the 19th century turned more towards self - reflection and the portrayal of everyday life represented in their writings and art to a noticeably greater degree than in past works, for example renaissance literature's interest in hagiography and politics. other theorists dispute this argument based on a long history of writings about daily life which can be seen in works from ancient greece, medieval christianity and the age of enlightenment. in the study of everyday life, gender has been an important factor in its conceptions. some theorists regard women as the quintessential representatives and victims of everyday life. the connotation of everyday life is often negative, and is distinctively separated from exceptional moments by its lack of distinction and differentiation. ultimately this is defined as the essential, taken - for - granted continuum of mundane activity that outlines forays into more esoteric experiences. it is the non - negotiable reality that exists amongst all social groupings without discrimination and is an unavoidable basis for which all human endeavor exists. much of everyday life is automatic in that it is driven by current environmental features as mediated by automatic cognitive processing of those features, and without any mediation by conscious choice, according to social psychologist john a. bargh. daily life is also studied by sociologists
Original Instruction:
Life in Britain today Food British people like good food, and more than half of them go to a restaurant every month. Fast food is also very popular---30% of all adults have a burger every three months, but 46% have fish and chips! Sports British people don't do a lot of sport. Only 17% of people go swimming every week. 9% go cycling and 8% play golf. Only 6% people play football (but 32% go to watch it). Cinema and TV Films are very popular in Britain, and about 60% of people between 15 and 24 go to the cinema every month. At home, men watch TV for about three hours every day--half an hour more than women. Holidays British people love going on holidays. Most of these holidays aren't in the UK---27% are in Spain, 10% are in the U.S, and 9% are in France. Maybe this is because the weather in Britain is terrible! British women watch about _ of TV every day.
A. 2 hours
B. 3 hours
C. 2.5 hours
D. 4 hours
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||
How the Grand Canyon was created remains one of the geology's greatest mysteries. Some evidence suggests that the process was a gradual one in which the Colorado River (which runs through the canyon) slowly cut deeper and deeper into the ground over millions of years. But volcanic rock samples taken from the canyon now suggest that the canyon was down-cut instead. Down-cutting is when a flood of water rushes over a landscape with enough force to cut deeply into the ground and leaves behind a canyon. Such a flood is usually released when a natural or man-made dam bursts. Robert Webb, a research geologist, says natural dams seem to have formed and broken across the Colorado River several times during the last million years. The dams were built when lava from the eruptions of nearby volcanoes flowed into the river. The lava hardened into hard rocks and blocked the river, causing it to back up and form a lake. Each time the lake grew so huge that it broke the rock dam, releasing a flash flood that furthered the down-cutting process and deepened the canyon. Down-cutting is not just an earthly event. Satellite photos sent back from Mars suggest that the process has happened there, too, say many other researchers. The photos, taken by the Mars Global Surveyor, indicate that an enormous lake existed on Mars 3.5 billion years ago. The lake spilled into a large nearby hole. One edge of the hole broke, releasing a flash flood that quickly carved out a grand canyon. The existence of down-cutting on Mars is just one more piece of evidence that the cold, dry planet was once warm and wet. In the past, deep canyons were believed to have formed _ .
|
[
"as a result of a sudden break of volcanoes",
"due to river flows over millions of years",
"owing to the burst of artificial dams",
"thanks to our ancestors' creative work"
] | 1B
|
How the Grand Canyon was created remains one of the geology's greatest mysteries. Some evidence suggests that the process was a gradual one in which the Colorado River (which runs through the canyon) slowly cut deeper and deeper into the ground over millions of years. But volcanic rock samples taken from the canyon now suggest that the canyon was down-cut instead. Down-cutting is when a flood of water rushes over a landscape with enough force to cut deeply into the ground and leaves behind a canyon. Such a flood is usually released when a natural or man-made dam bursts. Robert Webb, a research geologist, says natural dams seem to have formed and broken across the Colorado River several times during the last million years. The dams were built when lava from the eruptions of nearby volcanoes flowed into the river. The lava hardened into hard rocks and blocked the river, causing it to back up and form a lake. Each time the lake grew so huge that it broke the rock dam, releasing a flash flood that furthered the down-cutting process and deepened the canyon. Down-cutting is not just an earthly event. Satellite photos sent back from Mars suggest that the process has happened there, too, say many other researchers. The photos, taken by the Mars Global Surveyor, indicate that an enormous lake existed on Mars 3.5 billion years ago. The lake spilled into a large nearby hole. One edge of the hole broke, releasing a flash flood that quickly carved out a grand canyon. The existence of down-cutting on Mars is just one more piece of evidence that the cold, dry planet was once warm and wet. In the past, deep canyons were believed to have formed _ .
A. as a result of a sudden break of volcanoes
B. due to river flows over millions of years
C. owing to the burst of artificial dams
D. thanks to our ancestors' creative work
|
B. due to river flows over millions of years
|
Retrieved:
an antecedent stream is a stream that maintains its original course and pattern despite the changes in underlying rock topography. a stream with a dendritic drainage pattern, for example, can be subject to slow tectonic uplift. however, as the uplift occurs, the stream erodes through the rising ridge to form a steep - walled gorge. the stream thus keeps its dendritic pattern even though it flows over a landscape that will normally produce a trellis drainage pattern. a superimposed stream is a stream that forms over horizontal beds that overlie folded and faulted rock with varying resistance. having cut down through the horizontal beds, the stream retains its course and pattern as it proceeds to erode the underlying rocks despite their different character. the stream erodes a gorge in the resistant bed and continues its flow as before. = = examples = = many himalayan rivers are good examples of antecedent origin. these rivers originated well before the himalayan region was uplifted. the rivers indus, brahmaputra, sutlej, kosi and subansiri originated on the tibetan side and now traverse the existing mountain ranges, cutting deep gorges. the colorado river cut the grand canyon as the colorado plateau rose between 5 and 2. 5 million years ago. paradox valley is another good example in the colorado plateau. devil's gate in wyoming is a remarkable display of an antecedent stream. a 100 - meter slot is cut through a granite ridge which would have missed the ridge completely had the river flowed just a kilometer to the south. the meuse still flows south - north from france to belgium through the ardennes which were elevated after the river had assumed that course. = = see also = = canyon water gap wind gap = = references = =
Original Instruction:
How the Grand Canyon was created remains one of the geology's greatest mysteries. Some evidence suggests that the process was a gradual one in which the Colorado River (which runs through the canyon) slowly cut deeper and deeper into the ground over millions of years. But volcanic rock samples taken from the canyon now suggest that the canyon was down-cut instead. Down-cutting is when a flood of water rushes over a landscape with enough force to cut deeply into the ground and leaves behind a canyon. Such a flood is usually released when a natural or man-made dam bursts. Robert Webb, a research geologist, says natural dams seem to have formed and broken across the Colorado River several times during the last million years. The dams were built when lava from the eruptions of nearby volcanoes flowed into the river. The lava hardened into hard rocks and blocked the river, causing it to back up and form a lake. Each time the lake grew so huge that it broke the rock dam, releasing a flash flood that furthered the down-cutting process and deepened the canyon. Down-cutting is not just an earthly event. Satellite photos sent back from Mars suggest that the process has happened there, too, say many other researchers. The photos, taken by the Mars Global Surveyor, indicate that an enormous lake existed on Mars 3.5 billion years ago. The lake spilled into a large nearby hole. One edge of the hole broke, releasing a flash flood that quickly carved out a grand canyon. The existence of down-cutting on Mars is just one more piece of evidence that the cold, dry planet was once warm and wet. In the past, deep canyons were believed to have formed _ .
A. as a result of a sudden break of volcanoes
B. due to river flows over millions of years
C. owing to the burst of artificial dams
D. thanks to our ancestors' creative work
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||
Trip 1 Black Bear Count There have been fires in this area in the last few years and the Office of the National Park is not sure how many black bears are still living. Some bears have been seen since the fires, and the Office has asked for young people to help count them. The entire trip will last three hours. Bookings necessary. Cost: Free When: May 8 Trip 2 Garland Valley Bring your drink and lunch for this walk in a beautiful area of the Blue Mountains. Garland Valley is close to the town of Garland but is part of the National Park. Many wild animals live in this area, including many rare birds. This is a great walk for bird-lovers. The trip lasts four hours. Bookings necessary. Cost: $ 15 When: May 8, May 15 Trip 3 Flashlight Adventure Put on your warm clothes, bring a flashlight and a pair of glasses, and come for a night walk along the Dungog Valley. A guide will lead the tour. Many of the animals you will see on this trip can only be seen at night. The guide will tell you about the lives of the animals you see. Numbers are strictly limited on night trips, so be sure to book early. This walk lasts two and a half hours. Cost: $ 12 When: May 8, May 15, May 22 Equipment to be needed: *Please bring enough water and food for all walks. *Wear good walking shoes--no high heels. *Wear a hat for day walks. *Dress warmly for night walks. *Children must be with an adult. *Make sure your flashlight works well and bring extra batteries for night walks. *Follow all instructions from guides during the walks. The mountains are a dangerous place. Bookings: *Bookings for the above trips can be done by telephone (893 - 4847) or on the Internet at (www. bluemountaintour, com) Which of the following is NOT necessary for the three trips?
|
[
"Good walking shoes.",
"A pair of glasses.",
"Food and water.",
"A sleeping bag."
] | 3D
|
Trip 1 Black Bear Count There have been fires in this area in the last few years and the Office of the National Park is not sure how many black bears are still living. Some bears have been seen since the fires, and the Office has asked for young people to help count them. The entire trip will last three hours. Bookings necessary. Cost: Free When: May 8 Trip 2 Garland Valley Bring your drink and lunch for this walk in a beautiful area of the Blue Mountains. Garland Valley is close to the town of Garland but is part of the National Park. Many wild animals live in this area, including many rare birds. This is a great walk for bird-lovers. The trip lasts four hours. Bookings necessary. Cost: $ 15 When: May 8, May 15 Trip 3 Flashlight Adventure Put on your warm clothes, bring a flashlight and a pair of glasses, and come for a night walk along the Dungog Valley. A guide will lead the tour. Many of the animals you will see on this trip can only be seen at night. The guide will tell you about the lives of the animals you see. Numbers are strictly limited on night trips, so be sure to book early. This walk lasts two and a half hours. Cost: $ 12 When: May 8, May 15, May 22 Equipment to be needed: *Please bring enough water and food for all walks. *Wear good walking shoes--no high heels. *Wear a hat for day walks. *Dress warmly for night walks. *Children must be with an adult. *Make sure your flashlight works well and bring extra batteries for night walks. *Follow all instructions from guides during the walks. The mountains are a dangerous place. Bookings: *Bookings for the above trips can be done by telephone (893 - 4847) or on the Internet at (www. bluemountaintour, com) Which of the following is NOT necessary for the three trips?
A. Good walking shoes.
B. A pair of glasses.
C. Food and water.
D. A sleeping bag.
|
D. A sleeping bag.
|
Retrieved:
islands national park, california black - footed ferret in united states ( successful ), canada and mexico ( failure ) blanding's turtle in canada blue - and - yellow macaw to trinidad ( successful ) california condor in united states ( california, arizona, utah, oregon ) and mexico ( baja california ) ( ongoing ) canada lynx to colorado ( successful ), new york ( failure ) chloropyron maritimum in western united states cougar to eastern united states ( proposed ) bighorn sheep in oregon ( successful ) black - tailed prairie dog in arizona and new mexico ( successful ) desert pupfish to organ pipe cactus national monument, arizona elk to eastern kentucky, great smoky mountains national park, pennsylvania ( allegheny national forest ), texas ( big bend national park ), arizona, new mexico, north carolina and tennessee ( all successful ) and to new york ( failure ) fisher in washington state ( successful ) ( ongoing ) geoffroy's spider monkey in guatemala grey wolf to yellowstone national park in wyoming, idaho, montana, california, oregon, washington ( successful ), colorado ( ongoing ) yucatan black howler in belize mexican wolf in united states ( arizona, new mexico ), and mexico ( sonora, chihuahua ) ( ongoing ) musk ox in alaska ( successful ) north american jaguar to arizona and new mexico ( proposed ) north american river otter in missouri ( successful ) pediocactus knowltonii in new mexico red wolf in eastern north carolina ( ongoing ), the gulf coast ( failure ), and great smoky mountains national park ( failure ) ridgway's hawk to areas in the dominican republic where it is extirpated sargent's cherry palm in florida ( successful ) scarlet macaw to palenque, mexico whooping cranes, including migratory population in the eastern united states and non - migratory population in louisiana ( ongoing ) wild turkey in south carolina west indian manatee in the grand cul - de - sac marin bay, guadeloupe ( failure ) wood bison in alaska = = = oceans and oceania = = = allocasuarina portuensis in australia eastern quoll in australia ( ongoing ) greater bilby in arid recovery reserve, south australia and other parts of australia ( successful ) kakapo to maungatautari, mainland new zealand ( ongoing ) komodo dragon to australia ( proposed ) nene at hawaiʻi volcanoes national park, hawaii ( ongoing ) north island robin to tiritiri matangi, auckland, new zealand numbat in other areas of western australia
Original Instruction:
Trip 1 Black Bear Count There have been fires in this area in the last few years and the Office of the National Park is not sure how many black bears are still living. Some bears have been seen since the fires, and the Office has asked for young people to help count them. The entire trip will last three hours. Bookings necessary. Cost: Free When: May 8 Trip 2 Garland Valley Bring your drink and lunch for this walk in a beautiful area of the Blue Mountains. Garland Valley is close to the town of Garland but is part of the National Park. Many wild animals live in this area, including many rare birds. This is a great walk for bird-lovers. The trip lasts four hours. Bookings necessary. Cost: $ 15 When: May 8, May 15 Trip 3 Flashlight Adventure Put on your warm clothes, bring a flashlight and a pair of glasses, and come for a night walk along the Dungog Valley. A guide will lead the tour. Many of the animals you will see on this trip can only be seen at night. The guide will tell you about the lives of the animals you see. Numbers are strictly limited on night trips, so be sure to book early. This walk lasts two and a half hours. Cost: $ 12 When: May 8, May 15, May 22 Equipment to be needed: *Please bring enough water and food for all walks. *Wear good walking shoes--no high heels. *Wear a hat for day walks. *Dress warmly for night walks. *Children must be with an adult. *Make sure your flashlight works well and bring extra batteries for night walks. *Follow all instructions from guides during the walks. The mountains are a dangerous place. Bookings: *Bookings for the above trips can be done by telephone (893 - 4847) or on the Internet at (www. bluemountaintour, com) Which of the following is NOT necessary for the three trips?
A. Good walking shoes.
B. A pair of glasses.
C. Food and water.
D. A sleeping bag.
|
||
The London Pass is the final sightseeing package that has been specially tailor-made for visitors to the city. It allows holders to make the most out of their trip ,saving them both time and money .With the London Pass you will get the following : *Free entry to your choice of over 60 popular attractions, tours, sights and museums *A useful 160' page Guidebook about the attractions plus helpful tips about the city *Ability to skip the lines at the selected attractions to save time *Optional Travel card to cover all of your transport needs The London Pass Saves You Money London can be an expensive city , and its tourist attractions are no exception .However, go sightseeing with a London Pass you could make some great savings. Take a look at the normal gate price for some popular London attractions: Tower of London x19.00; Thames River Cruise x19.00; Windsor Castle x17.00; London Bridge Experience x23.00 ; St Paul's Cathedralx15.00. Visiting those five attractions will cost well overx89. With a London Pass , these and many more attractions won't cost you a penny . The London Pass Saves You Time London is a popular destination, therefore ,attractions and sights do get very busy . Waiting in line can sometimes take hours from your sightseeing experience--that's why London Pass holders get to skip the queue at key attractions such as Tower of London, Windsor Castle and London Bridge Experience . Also, the map of London and the information about the city's public transportation system available in our Guidebook help plan the perfect sightseeing itinerary to maximize your time in the city. Practical Information Adult ticket: From x43.00 Address: Charing Crous Road, London ,WC2H OEP THL ; 01664 485020 With a London Pass ,you are expected to spend_when visiting Tower of London and Windsor Castle.
|
[
"x43.00",
". x36.00",
". x 89",
".nothing"
] | 3D
|
The London Pass is the final sightseeing package that has been specially tailor-made for visitors to the city. It allows holders to make the most out of their trip ,saving them both time and money .With the London Pass you will get the following : *Free entry to your choice of over 60 popular attractions, tours, sights and museums *A useful 160' page Guidebook about the attractions plus helpful tips about the city *Ability to skip the lines at the selected attractions to save time *Optional Travel card to cover all of your transport needs The London Pass Saves You Money London can be an expensive city , and its tourist attractions are no exception .However, go sightseeing with a London Pass you could make some great savings. Take a look at the normal gate price for some popular London attractions: Tower of London x19.00; Thames River Cruise x19.00; Windsor Castle x17.00; London Bridge Experience x23.00 ; St Paul's Cathedralx15.00. Visiting those five attractions will cost well overx89. With a London Pass , these and many more attractions won't cost you a penny . The London Pass Saves You Time London is a popular destination, therefore ,attractions and sights do get very busy . Waiting in line can sometimes take hours from your sightseeing experience--that's why London Pass holders get to skip the queue at key attractions such as Tower of London, Windsor Castle and London Bridge Experience . Also, the map of London and the information about the city's public transportation system available in our Guidebook help plan the perfect sightseeing itinerary to maximize your time in the city. Practical Information Adult ticket: From x43.00 Address: Charing Crous Road, London ,WC2H OEP THL ; 01664 485020 With a London Pass ,you are expected to spend_when visiting Tower of London and Windsor Castle.
A. x43.00
B. . x36.00
C. . x 89
D. .nothing
|
D. .nothing
|
Retrieved:
2020. sidell, jane ; wilkinson, keith ; scaife, robert ; cameron, nigel ( 2000 ). the holocene evolution of the london thames. archaeological excavations ( 1991 – 1998 ) for the london underground limited jubilee line extension. molas monograph 5. museum of london archaeology service. isbn 1 - 901992 - 10 - 1. sidell, jane ( 2003 ). " the london thames : a decade of research into the river and its floodplain ". in howard, andrew j. ; mackling, m. g. ; passmore, d. g. ( eds. ). alluvial archaeology in europe : proceedings of an international conference, leeds, 18 - 19 december 2000. crc press. isbn 9789058095619. retrieved 1 december 2020. smiles, samuel ( 1861 ). the lives of the engineers. vol. i. london : john murray. retrieved 4 february 2021. spurrell, f. c. j. ( september 1885 ). " early sites and embankments on the margins of the thames estuary " ( pdf ). the archaeological journal : 269 – 303 + 2 maps. retrieved 16 july 2020. spurrell, f. c. j. ( 1889 ). " on the estuary of the thames and its alluvium ". proceedings of the geologists'association. 11 ( 4 ) : 210 – 230. doi : 10. 1016 / s0016 - 7878 ( 89 ) 80036 - 7. spurrell, f. c. j. ( 1908 ). " on the embankments of the thames in kent ". in page, william ( ed. ). the victoria history of the county of kent. vol. i. london : constable. retrieved 10 december 2020. steckley, george f. ( 2003 ). " collisions, prohibitions, and the admiralty court in seventeenth - century london ". law and history review. 21 ( 1 ) : 41 – 68. doi : 10. 2307 / 3595068. steyne, hanna ( 2013 ). " stinking foreshore to tree lined avenue : investigating the riverine lives impacted by the construction of the thames embankments in victorian london " ( pdf ). papers from the institute of archaeology. 23 ( 1 ) : 1 – 11. retrieved 20 march 2021. stock, m. p. ( 1857 ). " baths and washhouses ". the london quarterly review. vii : 182 – 200. retrieved 29 january 2021.
Original Instruction:
The London Pass is the final sightseeing package that has been specially tailor-made for visitors to the city. It allows holders to make the most out of their trip ,saving them both time and money .With the London Pass you will get the following : *Free entry to your choice of over 60 popular attractions, tours, sights and museums *A useful 160' page Guidebook about the attractions plus helpful tips about the city *Ability to skip the lines at the selected attractions to save time *Optional Travel card to cover all of your transport needs The London Pass Saves You Money London can be an expensive city , and its tourist attractions are no exception .However, go sightseeing with a London Pass you could make some great savings. Take a look at the normal gate price for some popular London attractions: Tower of London x19.00; Thames River Cruise x19.00; Windsor Castle x17.00; London Bridge Experience x23.00 ; St Paul's Cathedralx15.00. Visiting those five attractions will cost well overx89. With a London Pass , these and many more attractions won't cost you a penny . The London Pass Saves You Time London is a popular destination, therefore ,attractions and sights do get very busy . Waiting in line can sometimes take hours from your sightseeing experience--that's why London Pass holders get to skip the queue at key attractions such as Tower of London, Windsor Castle and London Bridge Experience . Also, the map of London and the information about the city's public transportation system available in our Guidebook help plan the perfect sightseeing itinerary to maximize your time in the city. Practical Information Adult ticket: From x43.00 Address: Charing Crous Road, London ,WC2H OEP THL ; 01664 485020 With a London Pass ,you are expected to spend_when visiting Tower of London and Windsor Castle.
A. x43.00
B. . x36.00
C. . x 89
D. .nothing
|
||
A woman wants to make sure that she can physically look back over memories of a day, as they progress, whenever she wants, so she
|
[
"brings a phone",
"brings a camera",
"brings a book",
"brings a lunch"
] | 1B
|
A woman wants to make sure that she can physically look back over memories of a day, as they progress, whenever she wants, so she
A. brings a phone
B. brings a camera
C. brings a book
D. brings a lunch
|
B. brings a camera
|
Retrieved:
correspond to different forms of perception, such as vision, hearing, touch, smell, and taste. the sensory information received serves as raw data that is filtered and processed to actively constitute the experience of the world and the objects within it. this complex process underlying perceptual experience is shaped by many factors, including the individual's past experiences, cultural background, beliefs, knowledge, and expectations. memory is the mechanism of storing and retrieving information. episodic memory handles information about specific past events in one's life and makes this information available in the present. when a person remembers what they had for dinner yesterday, they employ episodic memory. semantic memory handles general knowledge about the world that is not tied to any specific episodes. when a person recalls that the capital of japan is tokyo, they usually employ semantic memory to access this general information without remembering the specific instance when they learned it. procedural memory is memory of how to do things, such as riding a bicycle or playing a musical instrument. another distinction is between short - term memory, which holds information for brief periods, usually with the purpose of completing specific cognitive tasks, and long - term memory, which can store information for extended periods, potentially lasting a lifetime. thinking involves the processing of information and the manipulation of concepts and ideas. it is goal - oriented and often happens in response to experiences by aiming at making sense of them, organizing their information, and deciding how to respond. logical reasoning is a form of thinking that starts from a set of premises and aims to arrive at a conclusion supported by these premises. this is the case when deducing that " socrates is mortal " from the premises " socrates is a man " and " all men are mortal ". problem - solving is a closely related process that consists of several steps, such as identifying a problem, developing a plan to address it, implementing the plan, and assessing whether it worked. thinking in the form of decision - making involves considering possible courses of action to assess which one is the most beneficial. as a symbolic process, thinking is deeply intertwined with language, and some theorists hold that all thought happens through the medium of language. imagination is a creative process of internally generating mental images, ideas, experiences, and related phenomena. unlike perception, it does not directly depend on the stimulation of sensory organs. similar to dreaming, these mental constructs are often derived from previous experiences but can include novel combinations and elements. imagination happens during daydreaming and plays a key role in art and literature. additionally,
Original Instruction:
A woman wants to make sure that she can physically look back over memories of a day, as they progress, whenever she wants, so she
A. brings a phone
B. brings a camera
C. brings a book
D. brings a lunch
|
||
On Monday night, back on the way home from school, I was suddenly faced with a big snow storm which I had never met before. The traffic was moving at 5 mph on the freeway where it usually requires at least 60 mph. The road is very slippery. Sometimes the car is out of control, slipping to the other side. I finally managed to drive to the Issaquah. However, I still got stuck in the traffic on an uphill way to my home. Why I lived in the house on the top of the hill? I had no choice but left my car in the road. Fortunately, there was a nice guy coming to help me drive the car to the parking lot so that I would not get a ticket from the policeman. When he first opened my car door and asked me if I needed any help, I thought I saw an angle. No kidding, I was totally frustrated at that moment until I saw the guy. After waiting in the parking lot for almost 3 hours, my husband's cousin finally managed to come to "rescue" me by his four-wheel drive car and sent me to my in-laws' home because the road to my house was closed. When I got to my bed in the end, it was over midnight. I spent almost 5 hours outside instead of 20 minutes as usual. But I was lucky, because I knew later that some people spent 7 or 10 hours to go home, and just by walking rather than by driving. This strong snow storm has messed up the traffic of Seattle and I get an unforgettable experience from it. The author has probably come to the US to _ .
|
[
"visit her friends",
"see her s",
"attend in an advanced study",
"accompany her husband"
] | 2C
|
On Monday night, back on the way home from school, I was suddenly faced with a big snow storm which I had never met before. The traffic was moving at 5 mph on the freeway where it usually requires at least 60 mph. The road is very slippery. Sometimes the car is out of control, slipping to the other side. I finally managed to drive to the Issaquah. However, I still got stuck in the traffic on an uphill way to my home. Why I lived in the house on the top of the hill? I had no choice but left my car in the road. Fortunately, there was a nice guy coming to help me drive the car to the parking lot so that I would not get a ticket from the policeman. When he first opened my car door and asked me if I needed any help, I thought I saw an angle. No kidding, I was totally frustrated at that moment until I saw the guy. After waiting in the parking lot for almost 3 hours, my husband's cousin finally managed to come to "rescue" me by his four-wheel drive car and sent me to my in-laws' home because the road to my house was closed. When I got to my bed in the end, it was over midnight. I spent almost 5 hours outside instead of 20 minutes as usual. But I was lucky, because I knew later that some people spent 7 or 10 hours to go home, and just by walking rather than by driving. This strong snow storm has messed up the traffic of Seattle and I get an unforgettable experience from it. The author has probably come to the US to _ .
A. visit her friends
B. see her s
C. attend in an advanced study
D. accompany her husband
|
C. attend in an advanced study
|
Retrieved:
beyond the proximate edge of clear visibility and choose such a speed accordingly, transfers classic common law liability from that driver for his or her " blind " actions. this duty to assure clear distance ahead is inevitably transferred, as an externality to everybody or thing else who must instead warn the driver, such as the government, its road engineers, and maintainers. as it is generally probable and foreseeable that, chance will permit, and at some point there will be an obstruction beyond some driver's line of sight, such an entitlement challenges centuries of precedent in negligence doctrine in addition to posing difficult policy and engineering challenges. it also violates the calculus of negligence because speed is an inherent factor in vehicular accidents which are a leading cause of priceless life loss and lawsuits, and the burden of a precautions speed is radically lower than the former. the assumption of risk resulting from the unsafe activity of driving faster than one can stop within one's vision, does not depend ex post facto on what you happened to hit, for which by nature you could not have known ; it could have been a moose or a luxury car. furthermore, modern times still provide no legal remedies for darwinian misfortune upon the entire class of unwarnable accidents where drivers and their passengers would not have collided into the likes of a moose, livestock, fallen tree, rock, jetsam, horse - drawn vehicle, stalled vehicle, school bus, garbage truck, mail carrier, snowplow, washout, snow drift, or slid off the road, were it not for their decisions to drive faster than dictated by the assured clear distance ahead. regardless of what behavior an authority might encourage by fabricating new rights, it remains timeless that constituents cannot sue the wind for causing a wreck when it inevitably violates a " modern right to drive faster than permitted by the acda " by failing to warn them it knocked down a tree in a forest with many trees which all eventually fell. in this specific regard, jurisdictions which grant drivers the liberty to be fools from their own folly, are also condoning the collateral damage and life loss which is expected to occur. moreover, modern life - entrusting consumers of driving services and driverless cars who suffer such caused injury are left without legal remedy for foreseeable outcome of imprudent speed ; this in - turn unnecessarily transfers a substantive portion of the acda liability space into act of god, government claims, strict liability, or other findings from legal fiction which the justice system
Original Instruction:
On Monday night, back on the way home from school, I was suddenly faced with a big snow storm which I had never met before. The traffic was moving at 5 mph on the freeway where it usually requires at least 60 mph. The road is very slippery. Sometimes the car is out of control, slipping to the other side. I finally managed to drive to the Issaquah. However, I still got stuck in the traffic on an uphill way to my home. Why I lived in the house on the top of the hill? I had no choice but left my car in the road. Fortunately, there was a nice guy coming to help me drive the car to the parking lot so that I would not get a ticket from the policeman. When he first opened my car door and asked me if I needed any help, I thought I saw an angle. No kidding, I was totally frustrated at that moment until I saw the guy. After waiting in the parking lot for almost 3 hours, my husband's cousin finally managed to come to "rescue" me by his four-wheel drive car and sent me to my in-laws' home because the road to my house was closed. When I got to my bed in the end, it was over midnight. I spent almost 5 hours outside instead of 20 minutes as usual. But I was lucky, because I knew later that some people spent 7 or 10 hours to go home, and just by walking rather than by driving. This strong snow storm has messed up the traffic of Seattle and I get an unforgettable experience from it. The author has probably come to the US to _ .
A. visit her friends
B. see her s
C. attend in an advanced study
D. accompany her husband
|
||
Don Ritchie, a famous Australian man. For nearly 50 years, he successfully stopped 160 people from killing themselves at a cliff called 'the Gap' - with just a kind word and a smile. Ritchie had served in the Royal Australian Navy during World War II. In 1964, he moved into a house on Old South Head Road. He began saving strangers soon after. Ritchie was a real gentleman who purposely chose to live right across the street from 'the Gap', just because he wanted to continue saving lives. He would wake up every morning and look out of the window for anyone standing too close to the edge of the cliff. If he saw someone and thought they might jump, he would simply walk over with a smile and say, "Is there something I could do to help you?" That sounds very simple, but it worked - Ritchie tried to have a talk with these people and ended up inviting them back to his house for tea or breakfast. In 2006, Ritchie was given the Medal of the Order of Australia for all his saving lives. In 2010, he and his wife were named Woollahra Council's citizens of the year and in 2011, he was given the Local Hero Award for Australia by the National Australia Day Council. In a situation where most would turn a blind eye, Don has taken action. With such simple actions Don has saved a number of lives. Don's story touched the hearts of all Australians and challenged us to rethink what it means to be a good neighbor. When was he given the Local Hero Award for Australia?
|
[
"In 1964.",
"In 2006.",
"In 2010.",
"In 2011."
] | 3D
|
Don Ritchie, a famous Australian man. For nearly 50 years, he successfully stopped 160 people from killing themselves at a cliff called 'the Gap' - with just a kind word and a smile. Ritchie had served in the Royal Australian Navy during World War II. In 1964, he moved into a house on Old South Head Road. He began saving strangers soon after. Ritchie was a real gentleman who purposely chose to live right across the street from 'the Gap', just because he wanted to continue saving lives. He would wake up every morning and look out of the window for anyone standing too close to the edge of the cliff. If he saw someone and thought they might jump, he would simply walk over with a smile and say, "Is there something I could do to help you?" That sounds very simple, but it worked - Ritchie tried to have a talk with these people and ended up inviting them back to his house for tea or breakfast. In 2006, Ritchie was given the Medal of the Order of Australia for all his saving lives. In 2010, he and his wife were named Woollahra Council's citizens of the year and in 2011, he was given the Local Hero Award for Australia by the National Australia Day Council. In a situation where most would turn a blind eye, Don has taken action. With such simple actions Don has saved a number of lives. Don's story touched the hearts of all Australians and challenged us to rethink what it means to be a good neighbor. When was he given the Local Hero Award for Australia?
A. In 1964.
B. In 2006.
C. In 2010.
D. In 2011.
|
D. In 2011.
|
Retrieved:
commutes every day of the year, with a ticket cost of 3 pounds ) would be £1, 095. = = in canada = = the canadian government has no definition of'suburbia'or suburbs. independent studies have found that 50 % to 66 % of canadians live in what the respective researchers define as suburban. = = in australia = = sprawling cities define the urban australian landscape. the " quarter - acre " block is often cited as fundamental to the australian dream ; it has both cultural and political currency. in 1901, the year of australian federation, " almost 70 percent of sydney's population were living in the suburbs ". commentary by " intellectuals and others seeking to delineate the suburb " has been characterized by " conformity, control and some sense of false consciousness ". = = = suburbia bashing = = = negative discourse about suburbia, often termed " suburbia bashing ", exists in mainstream media discussions. dame edna everage typifies this, as she demonstrates both " nostalgia and disdain for the australian suburb and suburban life ". prominent journalist allan ashbolt satirized the suburb that represented australian nationalism, rooted in the post - world war ii era, as passive and uninspired, inscribed strongly in spatial terms. in 1966, he described australian reality accordingly : " behold the man – the australian of today – on sunday morning in the suburbs when the high decibel drone of the motor - mower is calling the faithful to worship. a block of land, a brick veneer, and the motor - mower beside him in the wilderness – what more does he want to sustain him. " ashbolt, among others, represent a " tradition of abuse of the suburbs and of the majority of australians " in australian mainstream media. = = = = suburbia vs the australian bush = = = = suburbia bashing is entrenched in questions of national identity. disparaging commentary about the suburbs often appears in contrast to the national mythology of the australian bush. the landscape that is portrayed in the tourism advertisements, by poets and painters, does not represent the experience of the majority of australians. the suburb and the bush are counterposed, " the bush ( cast as the authentic australian landscape ) with the city ( regarded as blighted foreign import ) ". the bush landscape is a masculine construction of a more " authentic notion of australian national identity " exemplified by the poetry of henry lawson. conversely, the suburb is feminised, epitomised by dame edna for more
Original Instruction:
Don Ritchie, a famous Australian man. For nearly 50 years, he successfully stopped 160 people from killing themselves at a cliff called 'the Gap' - with just a kind word and a smile. Ritchie had served in the Royal Australian Navy during World War II. In 1964, he moved into a house on Old South Head Road. He began saving strangers soon after. Ritchie was a real gentleman who purposely chose to live right across the street from 'the Gap', just because he wanted to continue saving lives. He would wake up every morning and look out of the window for anyone standing too close to the edge of the cliff. If he saw someone and thought they might jump, he would simply walk over with a smile and say, "Is there something I could do to help you?" That sounds very simple, but it worked - Ritchie tried to have a talk with these people and ended up inviting them back to his house for tea or breakfast. In 2006, Ritchie was given the Medal of the Order of Australia for all his saving lives. In 2010, he and his wife were named Woollahra Council's citizens of the year and in 2011, he was given the Local Hero Award for Australia by the National Australia Day Council. In a situation where most would turn a blind eye, Don has taken action. With such simple actions Don has saved a number of lives. Don's story touched the hearts of all Australians and challenged us to rethink what it means to be a good neighbor. When was he given the Local Hero Award for Australia?
A. In 1964.
B. In 2006.
C. In 2010.
D. In 2011.
|
||
Students make weather observations outside the school building, and then they record their observations. Which observation should be recorded as a fact?
|
[
"The air feels very cold.",
"The wind is blowing at 5 m/s.",
"It is nicer than the day before.",
"It looks like it might warm up later."
] | 1B
|
Students make weather observations outside the school building, and then they record their observations. Which observation should be recorded as a fact?
A. The air feels very cold.
B. The wind is blowing at 5 m/s.
C. It is nicer than the day before.
D. It looks like it might warm up later.
|
B. The wind is blowing at 5 m/s.
|
Retrieved:
or qualities of the atmosphere that can be measured. rain, which can be observed, or seen anywhere and anytime was one of the first atmospheric qualities measured historically. also, two other accurately measured qualities are wind and humidity. neither of these can be seen but can be felt. the devices to measure these three sprang up in the mid - 15th century and were respectively the rain gauge, the anemometer, and the hygrometer. many attempts had been made prior to the 15th century to construct adequate equipment to measure the many atmospheric variables. many were faulty in some way or were simply not reliable. even aristotle noted this in some of his work as the difficulty to measure the air. sets of surface measurements are important data to meteorologists. they give a snapshot of a variety of weather conditions at one single location and are usually at a weather station, a ship or a weather buoy. the measurements taken at a weather station can include any number of atmospheric observables. usually, temperature, pressure, wind measurements, and humidity are the variables that are measured by a thermometer, barometer, anemometer, and hygrometer, respectively. professional stations may also include air quality sensors ( carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, dust, and smoke ), ceilometer ( cloud ceiling ), falling precipitation sensor, flood sensor, lightning sensor, microphone ( explosions, sonic booms, thunder ), pyranometer / pyrheliometer / spectroradiometer ( ir / vis / uv photodiodes ), rain gauge / snow gauge, scintillation counter ( background radiation, fallout, radon ), seismometer ( earthquakes and tremors ), transmissometer ( visibility ), and a gps clock for data logging. upper air data are of crucial importance for weather forecasting. the most widely used technique is launches of radiosondes. supplementing the radiosondes a network of aircraft collection is organized by the world meteorological organization. remote sensing, as used in meteorology, is the concept of collecting data from remote weather events and subsequently producing weather information. the common types of remote sensing are radar, lidar, and satellites ( or photogrammetry ). each collects data about the atmosphere from a remote location and, usually, stores the data where the instrument is located. radar and lidar are not passive because both use em radiation to illuminate a specific portion of the atmosphere. weather satellites along with more general - purpose earth - observing satellites circling
Original Instruction:
Students make weather observations outside the school building, and then they record their observations. Which observation should be recorded as a fact?
A. The air feels very cold.
B. The wind is blowing at 5 m/s.
C. It is nicer than the day before.
D. It looks like it might warm up later.
|
||
If you think American cooking means opening a package and throwing the contents into the microwave oven , think again. On the one hand, it's true that many Americans have cold cereal for breakfast, sandwiches for lunch and instant dinners. From busy homemakers to working people, many Americans enjoy the convenience of fast food that can be ready to serve in 10 minutes or less. On the other hand, many Americans realize the importance of cooking skills. Parents -- especially mothers -- see the importance of training their children -- especially daughters. Most Americans think that there's nothing better than a good home-cooked meal. _ . Probably every cook has his or her own way of cooking. But there are some basic skills that most people follow. For example, baking is a main method of preparing food in America. For that reason, Americans would find it next to impossible to live without an oven. American cooks pay special attention to the balance of foods, too. In planning a big meal they try to include meat, a few vegetables, some bread and often a dessert. They also like to make sure the meal is colorful. Having several different colors of food on the plate usually makes for a healthy meal. For those who need guidance in their cooking, or for those who have just run out of ideas, recipes are a great help. Recipes list all the ingredients for a dish (generally in the order used), the amount of each to use, and a description of how to put them together. This passage mainly tells us that _ .
|
[
"Americans like to have several different colors of food on the plate",
"without an oven, Americans find it impossible to live conveniently",
"Americans pay special attention to recipes and nutritious meals",
"Americans usually have fast food, but they pay special attention to cooking as well"
] | 3D
|
If you think American cooking means opening a package and throwing the contents into the microwave oven , think again. On the one hand, it's true that many Americans have cold cereal for breakfast, sandwiches for lunch and instant dinners. From busy homemakers to working people, many Americans enjoy the convenience of fast food that can be ready to serve in 10 minutes or less. On the other hand, many Americans realize the importance of cooking skills. Parents -- especially mothers -- see the importance of training their children -- especially daughters. Most Americans think that there's nothing better than a good home-cooked meal. _ . Probably every cook has his or her own way of cooking. But there are some basic skills that most people follow. For example, baking is a main method of preparing food in America. For that reason, Americans would find it next to impossible to live without an oven. American cooks pay special attention to the balance of foods, too. In planning a big meal they try to include meat, a few vegetables, some bread and often a dessert. They also like to make sure the meal is colorful. Having several different colors of food on the plate usually makes for a healthy meal. For those who need guidance in their cooking, or for those who have just run out of ideas, recipes are a great help. Recipes list all the ingredients for a dish (generally in the order used), the amount of each to use, and a description of how to put them together. This passage mainly tells us that _ .
A. Americans like to have several different colors of food on the plate
B. without an oven, Americans find it impossible to live conveniently
C. Americans pay special attention to recipes and nutritious meals
D. Americans usually have fast food, but they pay special attention to cooking as well
|
D. Americans usually have fast food, but they pay special attention to cooking as well
|
Retrieved:
conditions, reduce energy consumption, and improve city services. = = = heating, cooling and cooking = = = heating, cooling and cooking are also targets for improved energy efficiency and reduction of carbon emissions. increasingly following europe and asia, north americans are switching from gas or electrical resistance stoves to induction cooking. consumers are also switching heating systems from coal, fuel oil, or natural gas to electricity - driven steam or hot water ; and to air - source or ground - source heat pumps for both heating and cooling. = = = food = = = food production tends to be heavily dependent on fossil fuels, in the production of nitrogen fertilizer and to power agricultural machinery used in the planting, tending and harvesting of crops. the movement of food from producers to consumers also tends to involve major fossil - fuel costs, since many crops are grown far from their potential market and have a short shelf life. many countries depend on international markets to obtain critical food supplies. food production and supply chains are being increasingly destabilized by the effects of climate change on agriculture, the covid - 19 pandemic, and the russian invasion of ukraine. in the united states, at the same time that millions of americans experience food insecurity, as much as 40 percent of food is wasted. at the consumer level, steps towards achieving net zero include eating more local and plant - based foods, minimizing food waste, and composting remaining plant - based wastes. consumers and investors may also choose to support companies based on their carbon footprint and transparency. in terms of city infrastructure, initiatives to identify and redirect usable food ( " food rescue " ), to separate waste streams, and to improve handling of food waste are all important. in low - income countries, small - scale and household - level biogas systems are being used to convert wastes into energy. composting and anaerobic digestion ( ad ) are increasingly being used in countries at all income levels. farmers and farming communities need scientific, technical, and financial support to move to more climate - friendly farming practices and to support initiatives for climate change adaptation, regenerative agriculture and biosequestration. collaboration between stakeholders at all levels of the private, public and civil sectors is needed to improve food sector infrastructure. = = = construction = = = the energy efficiency of buildings can be assessed and improved in multiple ways that help to reduce carbon emissions. insulation and energy - efficient windows are commonly used in colder cities. incorporation of features such as solar panels, green roofs and walls
Original Instruction:
If you think American cooking means opening a package and throwing the contents into the microwave oven , think again. On the one hand, it's true that many Americans have cold cereal for breakfast, sandwiches for lunch and instant dinners. From busy homemakers to working people, many Americans enjoy the convenience of fast food that can be ready to serve in 10 minutes or less. On the other hand, many Americans realize the importance of cooking skills. Parents -- especially mothers -- see the importance of training their children -- especially daughters. Most Americans think that there's nothing better than a good home-cooked meal. _ . Probably every cook has his or her own way of cooking. But there are some basic skills that most people follow. For example, baking is a main method of preparing food in America. For that reason, Americans would find it next to impossible to live without an oven. American cooks pay special attention to the balance of foods, too. In planning a big meal they try to include meat, a few vegetables, some bread and often a dessert. They also like to make sure the meal is colorful. Having several different colors of food on the plate usually makes for a healthy meal. For those who need guidance in their cooking, or for those who have just run out of ideas, recipes are a great help. Recipes list all the ingredients for a dish (generally in the order used), the amount of each to use, and a description of how to put them together. This passage mainly tells us that _ .
A. Americans like to have several different colors of food on the plate
B. without an oven, Americans find it impossible to live conveniently
C. Americans pay special attention to recipes and nutritious meals
D. Americans usually have fast food, but they pay special attention to cooking as well
|
||
Mr. John and Mr. Brown work in the same office. One day Mr. John says to Mr. Brown, "I will have a small party in our house on Monday evening. Would you and your wife like to come?" Mr. Brown says, "Thank you very much. I'd love to, but let me ask my wife first." So Mr. Brown goes to the other room and telephones his wife. Then he comes back and looks very worried. "What's the matter?" asks Mr. John. "Is your wife there at home?" "No," answers Mr. Brown. "She isn't there. My small son answers the telephone. I say to him, 'Is your mother there, David?' and he answers 'No, she isn't in the house. ''Where is she?' I ask, 'She is somewhere outside.' 'What's she doing?' 'She is looking for me.'" ,. Mr. Brown speaks to _ in the telephone.
|
[
"Mr. John",
"Mrs. Brown",
"his son",
"himself"
] | 2C
|
Mr. John and Mr. Brown work in the same office. One day Mr. John says to Mr. Brown, "I will have a small party in our house on Monday evening. Would you and your wife like to come?" Mr. Brown says, "Thank you very much. I'd love to, but let me ask my wife first." So Mr. Brown goes to the other room and telephones his wife. Then he comes back and looks very worried. "What's the matter?" asks Mr. John. "Is your wife there at home?" "No," answers Mr. Brown. "She isn't there. My small son answers the telephone. I say to him, 'Is your mother there, David?' and he answers 'No, she isn't in the house. ''Where is she?' I ask, 'She is somewhere outside.' 'What's she doing?' 'She is looking for me.'" ,. Mr. Brown speaks to _ in the telephone.
A. Mr. John
B. Mrs. Brown
C. his son
D. himself
|
C. his son
|
Retrieved:
the ( c ) sentences show absence of pied - piping. which is often ungrammatical. ( 1 ) a. she bought that house. b. which house did she buy _ _ _? c. * which did she buy _ _ _ house? ( 2 ) a. she is ten years old. b. how old is she _ _ _? c. * how is she _ _ _ old? ( 3 ) a. john left the scene very slowly. b. how slowly did john leave the scene _ _ _? c. * how did john leave the scene _ _ _ slowly? pied - piping also occurs in embedded wh - clauses : ( 4 ) a. sarah likes someone's paper. b. sam asked whose paper sarah likes _ _ _. c. * sam asked whose sarah likes _ _ _ paper. in ( 4 ), the possessive interrogative whose is contained within a determiner phrase ( dp ) that also includes paper. attempting to move who and the possessive's is syntactically impossible without also moving the possessive's complement, paper. as a result, ( 4b ) is grammatical while ( 4c ) is not because the focused expression has moved without the target phrase. = = = = relative clauses = = = = pied - piping is very frequent in relative clauses, where a greater flexibility about what can or must be pied - piped is discernible : ( 5 ) a. he likes stories about hobbits. b.... hobbits stories about whom he likes _ _ _. c.... hobbits about whom he likes stories _ _ _. d.... hobbits whom he likes stories about _ _ _. in english, the pied - piping mechanism is more flexible in relative clauses than in interrogative clauses, because material can be pied - piped that would be less acceptable in the corresponding interrogative clause. ( 6 ) a. she laughed because of the face you made. b.? because of what did she laugh _ _ _? - pied - piping seems marginally acceptable in this matrix wh - clause. c. * we asked because of what she laughed _ _ _? - pied - piping is simply bad in this embedded wh - clause. d.... the face you made because of which she laughed _ _ _ - pied - piping is possible in this
Original Instruction:
Mr. John and Mr. Brown work in the same office. One day Mr. John says to Mr. Brown, "I will have a small party in our house on Monday evening. Would you and your wife like to come?" Mr. Brown says, "Thank you very much. I'd love to, but let me ask my wife first." So Mr. Brown goes to the other room and telephones his wife. Then he comes back and looks very worried. "What's the matter?" asks Mr. John. "Is your wife there at home?" "No," answers Mr. Brown. "She isn't there. My small son answers the telephone. I say to him, 'Is your mother there, David?' and he answers 'No, she isn't in the house. ''Where is she?' I ask, 'She is somewhere outside.' 'What's she doing?' 'She is looking for me.'" ,. Mr. Brown speaks to _ in the telephone.
A. Mr. John
B. Mrs. Brown
C. his son
D. himself
|
||
Strange things happen when you travel, because the earth is divided into twenty-four zones. The time difference between two zones is one hour. You can have days with more than twenty-four hours and days with fewer than twenty- four hours. You can have weeks with more than seven days and weeks with fewer than seven days. If you make a five-trip across the Atlantic Ocean , your ship come into a different time zone every day. As you come into each zone, the time changes one hour. If you travel west, you set your watch back. If you travel east, you set it ahead. Each day of your trip has either twenty-five or twenty-three hours. If you make a trip by ship across the Pacific Ocean , you cross the International Date Line. This is the point where a new day begins when you cross the line, you change one full day. If you travel east, today becomes yesterday, if you travel west it is tomorrow. If we cross the Atlantic Ocean, we_.
|
[
"change one full day",
"set our watch back",
"set our watch ahead",
"set our watch back or ahead"
] | 3D
|
Strange things happen when you travel, because the earth is divided into twenty-four zones. The time difference between two zones is one hour. You can have days with more than twenty-four hours and days with fewer than twenty- four hours. You can have weeks with more than seven days and weeks with fewer than seven days. If you make a five-trip across the Atlantic Ocean , your ship come into a different time zone every day. As you come into each zone, the time changes one hour. If you travel west, you set your watch back. If you travel east, you set it ahead. Each day of your trip has either twenty-five or twenty-three hours. If you make a trip by ship across the Pacific Ocean , you cross the International Date Line. This is the point where a new day begins when you cross the line, you change one full day. If you travel east, today becomes yesterday, if you travel west it is tomorrow. If we cross the Atlantic Ocean, we_.
A. change one full day
B. set our watch back
C. set our watch ahead
D. set our watch back or ahead
|
D. set our watch back or ahead
|
Retrieved:
in astronomy, diurnal motion ( from latin diurnus'daily ', from latin dies'day') is the apparent motion of celestial objects ( e. g. the sun and stars ) around earth, or more precisely around the two celestial poles, over the course of one day. it is caused by earth's rotation around its axis, so almost every star appears to follow a circular arc path, called the diurnal circle, often depicted in star trail photography. the time for one complete rotation is 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4. 09 seconds – one sidereal day. the first experimental demonstration of this motion was conducted by leon foucault. because earth orbits the sun once a year, the sidereal time at any given place and time will gain about four minutes against local civil time, every 24 hours, until, after a year has passed, one additional sidereal " day " has elapsed compared to the number of solar days that have gone by. = = relative direction = = the relative direction of diurnal motion in the northern celestial hemisphere are as follows : facing north, below polaris : rightward, or eastward facing north, above polaris : leftward, or westward facing south : rightward, or westward thus, northern circumpolar stars move counterclockwise around polaris, the north pole star. at the north pole, the cardinal directions do not apply to diurnal motion. within the circumpolar circle, all the stars move simply rightward, or looking directly overhead, counterclockwise around the zenith, where polaris is. southern celestial hemisphere observers are to replace north with south, left with right, and polaris with sigma octantis, sometimes called the south pole star. the circumpolar stars move clockwise around sigma octantis. east and west are not interchanged. as seen from the equator, the two celestial poles are on the horizon due north and south, and the motion is counterclockwise ( i. e. leftward ) around polaris and clockwise ( i. e. rightward ) around sigma octantis. all motion is westward, except for the two fixed points. = = apparent speed = = the daily arc path of an object on the celestial sphere, including the possible part below the horizon, has a length proportional to the cosine of the declination. thus, the speed of the diurnal motion of a celestial object equals this cosine times 15
Original Instruction:
Strange things happen when you travel, because the earth is divided into twenty-four zones. The time difference between two zones is one hour. You can have days with more than twenty-four hours and days with fewer than twenty- four hours. You can have weeks with more than seven days and weeks with fewer than seven days. If you make a five-trip across the Atlantic Ocean , your ship come into a different time zone every day. As you come into each zone, the time changes one hour. If you travel west, you set your watch back. If you travel east, you set it ahead. Each day of your trip has either twenty-five or twenty-three hours. If you make a trip by ship across the Pacific Ocean , you cross the International Date Line. This is the point where a new day begins when you cross the line, you change one full day. If you travel east, today becomes yesterday, if you travel west it is tomorrow. If we cross the Atlantic Ocean, we_.
A. change one full day
B. set our watch back
C. set our watch ahead
D. set our watch back or ahead
|
||
Will Nanfang University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen announce a new beginning for China's higher education reform? It's too early to answer. But its presence is challenging the Ministry of Education. Even without the approval of the ministry it seems that the school is determined to move forward and enroll 50 students, so-called child prodigies , to begin classes on March l, 2011.On graduating in 2015, these students will receive a diploma unauthorized by the Ministry of Education----unlike the students of their age from the state-run universities. The school is committed to modeling itself on Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, but if the government will not approve the school, the situation could cause a lot of trouble for those 50 students if they want to do graduate studies at other higher learning institutions. Other schools could turn their applications down for their unauthorized diplomas. The difficulties, however, have not frightened students and their parents away. On Dec.18, 2010 more than 1,000 students and their parents visited Nanfang University of Science and Technology for interviews. Private investment marks the school out from other higher learning institutions in the nation. Not a penny comes from the government. So the government will have no voice in how the school will be run. The Ministry of Education has published a comprehensive plan for education reform and development between 2011 and 2020.The goal is to make China's higher education internationally competitive. To accomplish this goal, the government should have the courage to let the educators who have big ideas try them out. The ministry should have applauded the independence. The school in Shenzhen has shown and encouraged more to do likewise. Education reform in China has reached a new and crucial stage. Nanfang University of Science and Technology has a long way to go to prove itself competitive rather than a diploma mill. What does the author think of Nanfang University of Science and Technology?
|
[
"It is another kind of diploma mill.",
"It's impossible for the school to be competitive.",
"It will never get the approval from the Ministry of Education.",
"Its independence from the government may benefit the education reform."
] | 3D
|
Will Nanfang University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen announce a new beginning for China's higher education reform? It's too early to answer. But its presence is challenging the Ministry of Education. Even without the approval of the ministry it seems that the school is determined to move forward and enroll 50 students, so-called child prodigies , to begin classes on March l, 2011.On graduating in 2015, these students will receive a diploma unauthorized by the Ministry of Education----unlike the students of their age from the state-run universities. The school is committed to modeling itself on Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, but if the government will not approve the school, the situation could cause a lot of trouble for those 50 students if they want to do graduate studies at other higher learning institutions. Other schools could turn their applications down for their unauthorized diplomas. The difficulties, however, have not frightened students and their parents away. On Dec.18, 2010 more than 1,000 students and their parents visited Nanfang University of Science and Technology for interviews. Private investment marks the school out from other higher learning institutions in the nation. Not a penny comes from the government. So the government will have no voice in how the school will be run. The Ministry of Education has published a comprehensive plan for education reform and development between 2011 and 2020.The goal is to make China's higher education internationally competitive. To accomplish this goal, the government should have the courage to let the educators who have big ideas try them out. The ministry should have applauded the independence. The school in Shenzhen has shown and encouraged more to do likewise. Education reform in China has reached a new and crucial stage. Nanfang University of Science and Technology has a long way to go to prove itself competitive rather than a diploma mill. What does the author think of Nanfang University of Science and Technology?
A. It is another kind of diploma mill.
B. It's impossible for the school to be competitive.
C. It will never get the approval from the Ministry of Education.
D. Its independence from the government may benefit the education reform.
|
D. Its independence from the government may benefit the education reform.
|
Retrieved:
buddhism among tibetans, mongols and yugurs, and islam among the hui, uyghur, kazakh, and kyrgyz peoples, and other ethnicities in the northern and northwestern regions of the country. = = = education = = = compulsory education in china comprises primary and junior secondary school, which together last for nine years from the age of 6 and 15. the gaokao, china's national university entrance exam, is a prerequisite for entrance into most higher education institutions. vocational education is available to students at the secondary and tertiary level. more than 10 million chinese students graduated from vocational colleges every year. in 2023, about 91. 8 percent of students continued their education at a three - year senior secondary school, while 60. 2 percent of secondary school graduates were enrolled in higher education. china has the largest education system in the world, with about 291 million students and 18. 92 million full - time teachers in over 498, 300 schools in 2023. annual education investment went from less than us $ 50 billion in 2003 to more than us $ 817 billion in 2020. however, there remains an inequality in education spending. in 2010, the annual education expenditure per secondary school student in beijing totalled ¥20, 023, while in guizhou, one of the poorest provinces, it only totalled ¥3, 204. china's literacy rate has grown dramatically, from only 20 % in 1949 and 65. 5 % in 1979, to 97 % of the population over age 15 in 2020. as of 2023, china has over 3, 074 universities, with over 47. 6 million students enrolled in mainland china, giving china the largest higher education system in the world. as of 2025, china had the world's highest number of top universities. currently, china trails only the united states and the united kingdom in terms of representation on lists of the top 200 universities according to the 2024 aggregate ranking of top universities, a composite ranking system of three world - most followed university rankings ( arwu + qs + the ). china is home to two of the highest - ranking universities ( tsinghua university and peking university ) in asia and emerging economies, according to the times higher education world university rankings and the academic ranking of world universities. these universities are members of the c9 league, an alliance of elite chinese universities offering comprehensive and leading education. = = = health = = = the national health commission, together with its counterparts in the local commissions, oversees the health needs
Original Instruction:
Will Nanfang University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen announce a new beginning for China's higher education reform? It's too early to answer. But its presence is challenging the Ministry of Education. Even without the approval of the ministry it seems that the school is determined to move forward and enroll 50 students, so-called child prodigies , to begin classes on March l, 2011.On graduating in 2015, these students will receive a diploma unauthorized by the Ministry of Education----unlike the students of their age from the state-run universities. The school is committed to modeling itself on Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, but if the government will not approve the school, the situation could cause a lot of trouble for those 50 students if they want to do graduate studies at other higher learning institutions. Other schools could turn their applications down for their unauthorized diplomas. The difficulties, however, have not frightened students and their parents away. On Dec.18, 2010 more than 1,000 students and their parents visited Nanfang University of Science and Technology for interviews. Private investment marks the school out from other higher learning institutions in the nation. Not a penny comes from the government. So the government will have no voice in how the school will be run. The Ministry of Education has published a comprehensive plan for education reform and development between 2011 and 2020.The goal is to make China's higher education internationally competitive. To accomplish this goal, the government should have the courage to let the educators who have big ideas try them out. The ministry should have applauded the independence. The school in Shenzhen has shown and encouraged more to do likewise. Education reform in China has reached a new and crucial stage. Nanfang University of Science and Technology has a long way to go to prove itself competitive rather than a diploma mill. What does the author think of Nanfang University of Science and Technology?
A. It is another kind of diploma mill.
B. It's impossible for the school to be competitive.
C. It will never get the approval from the Ministry of Education.
D. Its independence from the government may benefit the education reform.
|
||
If you're finding it tough to land a job, try expanding your job-hunting plan to include the following: Set your target. While you should always keep your options open to changing your mind , you should also be sure to target exactly what you want in a job. A job-hunt with a clear target will surely help you achieve better results than an aimless one. Schedule plenty of interviews. Use every possible method to get interviews-answering ads, using search firms , getting in touch with companies directly , surfing the Web, and networking( ). Even if a job is not perfect for you, every interview can become one of your positive experiences. Follow up Even if someone does not hire you ,write them a thank -you note for the interview. Then, some weeks later, send another brief letter to explain that you still have not found the perfect position and that you will be available to interview again if the original position you applied for--or any other position , for that matter -is open. Do this with every position you interview for, and you may just catch a break! Make it your full-time job You can't find a job by looking sporadically( ) . You have to make time for it. If you're unemployed and looking , devote as much time as you would to a full -time job. If you have a job while you're looking, figure out an organized schedule to maximize your searching time. Network vertically( ) In the search stage of your job hunt , talk to people who are on a level above you in your desired industry. They'll have an accurate and deep understanding that people at your level won't have , and will be in a good position to hire you or recommend you to be hired . Keep your spirits up Looking for a job is one of the toughest things you will ever have to do, keep up your confidence , continue your efforts, and think positively, and eventually you will get a job you want. From the passage , it can be learned that to get a job , one should absolutely avoid _ .
|
[
"having as many interviews as possible",
"looking without a clear target",
"applying for the same position a second time",
"changing his goal set previously"
] | 1B
|
If you're finding it tough to land a job, try expanding your job-hunting plan to include the following: Set your target. While you should always keep your options open to changing your mind , you should also be sure to target exactly what you want in a job. A job-hunt with a clear target will surely help you achieve better results than an aimless one. Schedule plenty of interviews. Use every possible method to get interviews-answering ads, using search firms , getting in touch with companies directly , surfing the Web, and networking( ). Even if a job is not perfect for you, every interview can become one of your positive experiences. Follow up Even if someone does not hire you ,write them a thank -you note for the interview. Then, some weeks later, send another brief letter to explain that you still have not found the perfect position and that you will be available to interview again if the original position you applied for--or any other position , for that matter -is open. Do this with every position you interview for, and you may just catch a break! Make it your full-time job You can't find a job by looking sporadically( ) . You have to make time for it. If you're unemployed and looking , devote as much time as you would to a full -time job. If you have a job while you're looking, figure out an organized schedule to maximize your searching time. Network vertically( ) In the search stage of your job hunt , talk to people who are on a level above you in your desired industry. They'll have an accurate and deep understanding that people at your level won't have , and will be in a good position to hire you or recommend you to be hired . Keep your spirits up Looking for a job is one of the toughest things you will ever have to do, keep up your confidence , continue your efforts, and think positively, and eventually you will get a job you want. From the passage , it can be learned that to get a job , one should absolutely avoid _ .
A. having as many interviews as possible
B. looking without a clear target
C. applying for the same position a second time
D. changing his goal set previously
|
B. looking without a clear target
|
Retrieved:
narrow window and a simple win / loss evaluation function may lead to a conclusive result. if an aspiration search fails, it is straightforward to detect whether it failed high ( high edge of window was too low ) or low ( lower edge of window was too high ). this gives information about what window values might be useful in a re - search of the position. over time, other improvements have been suggested, and indeed the falphabeta ( fail - soft alpha – beta ) idea of john fishburn is nearly universal and is already incorporated above in a slightly modified form. fishburn also suggested a combination of the killer heuristic and zero - window search under the name lalphabeta ( " last move with minimal window alpha – beta search " ). = = other algorithms = = since the minimax algorithm and its variants are inherently depth - first, a strategy such as iterative deepening is usually used in conjunction with alpha – beta so that a reasonably good move can be returned even if the algorithm is interrupted before it has finished execution. another advantage of using iterative deepening is that searches at shallower depths give move - ordering hints, as well as shallow alpha and beta estimates, that both can help produce cutoffs for higher depth searches much earlier than would otherwise be possible. algorithms like sss *, on the other hand, use the best - first strategy. this can potentially make them more time - efficient, but typically at a heavy cost in space - efficiency. = = see also = = = = references = = = = bibliography = = russell, stuart j. ; norvig, peter. ( 2021 ). artificial intelligence : a modern approach ( 4th ed. ). hoboken : pearson. isbn 9780134610993. lccn 20190474. heineman, george t. ; pollice, gary ; selkow, stanley ( 2008 ). " 7. path finding in ai ". algorithms in a nutshell. oreilly media. pp. 217 – 223. isbn 978 - 0 - 596 - 51624 - 6. pearl, judea ( 1984 ). heuristics : intelligent search strategies for computer problem solving. addison - wesley. isbn 978 - 0 - 201 - 05594 - 8. oclc 1035596197. fishburn, john p. ( 1984 ). " appendix a : some optimizations of α - β search ". analysis of speedup in distributed algorithms ( revision of 1981 phd
Original Instruction:
If you're finding it tough to land a job, try expanding your job-hunting plan to include the following: Set your target. While you should always keep your options open to changing your mind , you should also be sure to target exactly what you want in a job. A job-hunt with a clear target will surely help you achieve better results than an aimless one. Schedule plenty of interviews. Use every possible method to get interviews-answering ads, using search firms , getting in touch with companies directly , surfing the Web, and networking( ). Even if a job is not perfect for you, every interview can become one of your positive experiences. Follow up Even if someone does not hire you ,write them a thank -you note for the interview. Then, some weeks later, send another brief letter to explain that you still have not found the perfect position and that you will be available to interview again if the original position you applied for--or any other position , for that matter -is open. Do this with every position you interview for, and you may just catch a break! Make it your full-time job You can't find a job by looking sporadically( ) . You have to make time for it. If you're unemployed and looking , devote as much time as you would to a full -time job. If you have a job while you're looking, figure out an organized schedule to maximize your searching time. Network vertically( ) In the search stage of your job hunt , talk to people who are on a level above you in your desired industry. They'll have an accurate and deep understanding that people at your level won't have , and will be in a good position to hire you or recommend you to be hired . Keep your spirits up Looking for a job is one of the toughest things you will ever have to do, keep up your confidence , continue your efforts, and think positively, and eventually you will get a job you want. From the passage , it can be learned that to get a job , one should absolutely avoid _ .
A. having as many interviews as possible
B. looking without a clear target
C. applying for the same position a second time
D. changing his goal set previously
|
||
People in cities all over the world shop in supermarkets. When you enter the supermarket, you see shelves full of food. You walk in the aisles, pushing your shopping cart. You probably hear soft, slow music in the supermarket. This kind of music is playing to relax you and make you walk slowly. Thus, you will probably stay longer and buy more food. Where do you go in the supermarket when you first arrive? Many people go to the meat section first. This area of the store has many different kinds of meat. Some kinds are expensive and others are not. Usually, some kinds of meat are on sale. So it has a special low price. The manager of the store knows where the customers usually enter the meat section. The meat on sale is usually at the other end of the section, away from where the customers enter. If you want to buy this specially priced meat, you have to walk by the more expensive meat first. Maybe you will see something that you want to buy before you reach the cheaper, inexpensive meat. Then you will spend more money in the meat section. The diary section sells milk that is low in fat. Some supermarkets sell three different containers of low-fat milk. Each container looks different, but each contains the same product. One says "1% fat", one says "99% fat free" and one says "low-fat" in big letters and "1%"in very small letters. If you look carefully you can see that all the milk has the same amount of fat, and each container is the same size. The prices of all these three should be the same. However, in many stores these three containers of milk would each have a different price. The store will make more money if a customer chooses the milk that costs the most. Most of the food in supermarkets is very attractive. People often stop to look at the products in attractive containers. But remember, many products will say, "Buy me!". Stop and think which ones are the best value for your money. Supermarket managers make the food attractive so _ .
|
[
"it is cheap",
"the customers will buy more",
"it is expensive",
"it is in the diary section"
] | 1B
|
People in cities all over the world shop in supermarkets. When you enter the supermarket, you see shelves full of food. You walk in the aisles, pushing your shopping cart. You probably hear soft, slow music in the supermarket. This kind of music is playing to relax you and make you walk slowly. Thus, you will probably stay longer and buy more food. Where do you go in the supermarket when you first arrive? Many people go to the meat section first. This area of the store has many different kinds of meat. Some kinds are expensive and others are not. Usually, some kinds of meat are on sale. So it has a special low price. The manager of the store knows where the customers usually enter the meat section. The meat on sale is usually at the other end of the section, away from where the customers enter. If you want to buy this specially priced meat, you have to walk by the more expensive meat first. Maybe you will see something that you want to buy before you reach the cheaper, inexpensive meat. Then you will spend more money in the meat section. The diary section sells milk that is low in fat. Some supermarkets sell three different containers of low-fat milk. Each container looks different, but each contains the same product. One says "1% fat", one says "99% fat free" and one says "low-fat" in big letters and "1%"in very small letters. If you look carefully you can see that all the milk has the same amount of fat, and each container is the same size. The prices of all these three should be the same. However, in many stores these three containers of milk would each have a different price. The store will make more money if a customer chooses the milk that costs the most. Most of the food in supermarkets is very attractive. People often stop to look at the products in attractive containers. But remember, many products will say, "Buy me!". Stop and think which ones are the best value for your money. Supermarket managers make the food attractive so _ .
A. it is cheap
B. the customers will buy more
C. it is expensive
D. it is in the diary section
|
B. the customers will buy more
|
Retrieved:
of available space. the gondola, so favoured by supermarkets, is an example of a retail design feature known as a merchandise outpost and which refers to special displays, typically at or near the end of an aisle, whose purpose is to stimulate impulse purchasing or to complement other products in the vicinity. for example, the meat cabinet at the supermarket might use a merchandise outpost to suggest a range of marinades or spice rubs to complement particular cuts of meat. as a generalisation, merchandise outposts are updated regularly so that they maintain a sense of novelty. according to ziethaml et al., layout affects how easy or difficult it is to navigate through a system. signs and symbols provide cues for directional navigation and also inform about appropriate behaviour within a store. functionality refers to extent to which the equipment and layout meet the goals of the customer. for instance, in the case of supermarkets, the customer's goal may be to minimise the amount of time spent finding items and waiting at the check - out, while a customer in a retail mall may wish to spend more time exploring the range of stores and merchandise. with respect to functionality of layout, retail designers consider three key issues ; circulation – design for traffic - flow and that encourages customers to traverse the entire store ; coordination – design that combines goods and spaces in order to suggest customer needs and convenience – design that arranges items to create a degree of comfort and access for both customers and employees. the way that brands are displayed is also part of the overall retail design. where a product is placed on the shelves has implications for purchase likelihood as a result of visibility and access. products placed too high or too low on the shelves may not turn over as quickly as those placed at eye level. with respect to access, store designers are increasingly giving consideration to access for disabled and elderly customers. through sensory stimulation retailers can engage maximum emotional impact between a brand and its consumers by relating to both profiles ; the goal and experience. purchasing behaviour can be influenced through the physical evidence detected by the senses of touch, smell, sight, taste and sound. supermarkets offer taste testers to heighten the sensory experience of brands. coffee shops allow the aroma of coffee to waft into streets so that passers - by can appreciate the smell and perhaps be lured inside. clothing garments are placed at arms'reach, allowing customers to feel the different textures of clothing. retailers understand that when customers interact with products or handle the merchandise, they are more likely to make a purchase. within the retail environment, different spaces may be
Original Instruction:
People in cities all over the world shop in supermarkets. When you enter the supermarket, you see shelves full of food. You walk in the aisles, pushing your shopping cart. You probably hear soft, slow music in the supermarket. This kind of music is playing to relax you and make you walk slowly. Thus, you will probably stay longer and buy more food. Where do you go in the supermarket when you first arrive? Many people go to the meat section first. This area of the store has many different kinds of meat. Some kinds are expensive and others are not. Usually, some kinds of meat are on sale. So it has a special low price. The manager of the store knows where the customers usually enter the meat section. The meat on sale is usually at the other end of the section, away from where the customers enter. If you want to buy this specially priced meat, you have to walk by the more expensive meat first. Maybe you will see something that you want to buy before you reach the cheaper, inexpensive meat. Then you will spend more money in the meat section. The diary section sells milk that is low in fat. Some supermarkets sell three different containers of low-fat milk. Each container looks different, but each contains the same product. One says "1% fat", one says "99% fat free" and one says "low-fat" in big letters and "1%"in very small letters. If you look carefully you can see that all the milk has the same amount of fat, and each container is the same size. The prices of all these three should be the same. However, in many stores these three containers of milk would each have a different price. The store will make more money if a customer chooses the milk that costs the most. Most of the food in supermarkets is very attractive. People often stop to look at the products in attractive containers. But remember, many products will say, "Buy me!". Stop and think which ones are the best value for your money. Supermarket managers make the food attractive so _ .
A. it is cheap
B. the customers will buy more
C. it is expensive
D. it is in the diary section
|
||
People who have a fear of ugly insects will want to stay far away from Lake Tawakoni State Park in north Texas, US. A giant spider web was recently found there. The thick web is swarming with millions of little spiders. Stretching across several acres it blankets a number of trees, bushes and even the ground. While the web may make some people nervous, it has become a big attraction for others-especially for unlucky insects. "At first, it was so white that it looked like fairyland," said Donna Garde, the park's manager. "Now it's filled with so many mosquitoes that it's turned a little brown." Most spiders work alone, which is why the discovery of the huge web has caused such a stir. Scientists across the country have been debating its origin. Some spider experts' say the monstrous web may have been weaved by social spiders. Social spiders work together to build larger webs to catch small insects. However, those webs take years to build. Park officials say this web was formed in just a few months. Others say it could be the work of millions of tiny ballooning spiders. These types of spiders 'fly' by throwing out thin threads of silk, which they use to ride air currents . In 2002, a similar giant web made by ballooning spiders was discovered in a field in Canada. Texas entomologist Herbert Pase says the giant web is very unusual. "From what I'm hearing, it could be a once-in-a-life-time event," he said. But John Jackman, an entomologist and professor at Texas A&M University, disagrees. Jackman says he hears reports of similar webs, like the one in Canada, every few years. "There are a lot of folks that don't realize spiders do that," he said. "Until we get some samples sent to us, we won't know what species of spider we're talking about." Park officials expect the web to last until fall when the weather gets cooler. That's when the spiders begin dying off in the park. What is the main reason for scientists' excitement and argument about the giant web?
|
[
"Most spiders work alone, which makes it hard to understand how the web formed.",
"The huge web causes too many mosquitoes to be killed, which is unbelievable.",
"No similar discoveries have ever been made throughout the world so far.",
"The web forces people to stay far away from Lake Tawakoni State Park."
] | 0A
|
People who have a fear of ugly insects will want to stay far away from Lake Tawakoni State Park in north Texas, US. A giant spider web was recently found there. The thick web is swarming with millions of little spiders. Stretching across several acres it blankets a number of trees, bushes and even the ground. While the web may make some people nervous, it has become a big attraction for others-especially for unlucky insects. "At first, it was so white that it looked like fairyland," said Donna Garde, the park's manager. "Now it's filled with so many mosquitoes that it's turned a little brown." Most spiders work alone, which is why the discovery of the huge web has caused such a stir. Scientists across the country have been debating its origin. Some spider experts' say the monstrous web may have been weaved by social spiders. Social spiders work together to build larger webs to catch small insects. However, those webs take years to build. Park officials say this web was formed in just a few months. Others say it could be the work of millions of tiny ballooning spiders. These types of spiders 'fly' by throwing out thin threads of silk, which they use to ride air currents . In 2002, a similar giant web made by ballooning spiders was discovered in a field in Canada. Texas entomologist Herbert Pase says the giant web is very unusual. "From what I'm hearing, it could be a once-in-a-life-time event," he said. But John Jackman, an entomologist and professor at Texas A&M University, disagrees. Jackman says he hears reports of similar webs, like the one in Canada, every few years. "There are a lot of folks that don't realize spiders do that," he said. "Until we get some samples sent to us, we won't know what species of spider we're talking about." Park officials expect the web to last until fall when the weather gets cooler. That's when the spiders begin dying off in the park. What is the main reason for scientists' excitement and argument about the giant web?
A. Most spiders work alone, which makes it hard to understand how the web formed.
B. The huge web causes too many mosquitoes to be killed, which is unbelievable.
C. No similar discoveries have ever been made throughout the world so far.
D. The web forces people to stay far away from Lake Tawakoni State Park.
|
A. Most spiders work alone, which makes it hard to understand how the web formed.
|
Retrieved:
instead, preventing the formation of ice crystals within their body. insects can fly and kite at very high altitude. flies are common in the himalayas up to 6, 300 m ( 20, 700 ft ). bumble bees were discovered on mount everest at more than 5, 600 m ( 18, 400 ft ) above sea level. in subsequent tests, bumblebees were still able to fly in a flight chamber which recreated the thinner air of 9, 000 m ( 30, 000 ft ). ballooning is a term used for the mechanical kiting that many spiders, especially small species such as erigone atra, as well as certain mites and some caterpillars use to disperse through the air. some spiders have been detected in atmospheric data balloons collecting air samples at slightly less than 5 km ( 16, 000 ft ) above sea level. it is the most common way for spiders to pioneer isolated islands and mountaintops. = = fish = = fish at high altitudes have a lower metabolic rate, as has been shown in highland westslope cutthroat trout when compared to introduced lowland rainbow trout in the oldman river basin. there is also a general trend of smaller body sizes and lower species richness at high altitudes observed in aquatic invertebrates, likely due to lower oxygen partial pressures. these factors may decrease productivity in high altitude habitats, meaning there will be less energy available for consumption, growth, and activity, which provides an advantage to fish with lower metabolic demands. the naked carp from lake qinghai, like other members of the carp family, can use gill remodelling to increase oxygen uptake in hypoxic environments. the response of naked carp to cold and low - oxygen conditions seem to be at least partly mediated by hypoxia - inducible factor 1 ( hif - 1 ). it is unclear whether this is a common characteristic in other high altitude dwelling fish or if gill remodelling and hif - 1 use for cold adaptation are limited to carp. = = mammals = = mammals are also known to reside at high altitude and exhibit a striking number of adaptations in terms of morphology, physiology and behaviour. the tibetan plateau has very few mammalian species, ranging from wolf, kiang ( tibetan wild ass ), goas, chiru ( tibetan antelope ), wild yak, snow leopard, tibetan sand fox, ibex, gazelle, himalayan brown bear and water buffalo. these mammals can be broadly categorised based on their adaptability in high altitude into two
Original Instruction:
People who have a fear of ugly insects will want to stay far away from Lake Tawakoni State Park in north Texas, US. A giant spider web was recently found there. The thick web is swarming with millions of little spiders. Stretching across several acres it blankets a number of trees, bushes and even the ground. While the web may make some people nervous, it has become a big attraction for others-especially for unlucky insects. "At first, it was so white that it looked like fairyland," said Donna Garde, the park's manager. "Now it's filled with so many mosquitoes that it's turned a little brown." Most spiders work alone, which is why the discovery of the huge web has caused such a stir. Scientists across the country have been debating its origin. Some spider experts' say the monstrous web may have been weaved by social spiders. Social spiders work together to build larger webs to catch small insects. However, those webs take years to build. Park officials say this web was formed in just a few months. Others say it could be the work of millions of tiny ballooning spiders. These types of spiders 'fly' by throwing out thin threads of silk, which they use to ride air currents . In 2002, a similar giant web made by ballooning spiders was discovered in a field in Canada. Texas entomologist Herbert Pase says the giant web is very unusual. "From what I'm hearing, it could be a once-in-a-life-time event," he said. But John Jackman, an entomologist and professor at Texas A&M University, disagrees. Jackman says he hears reports of similar webs, like the one in Canada, every few years. "There are a lot of folks that don't realize spiders do that," he said. "Until we get some samples sent to us, we won't know what species of spider we're talking about." Park officials expect the web to last until fall when the weather gets cooler. That's when the spiders begin dying off in the park. What is the main reason for scientists' excitement and argument about the giant web?
A. Most spiders work alone, which makes it hard to understand how the web formed.
B. The huge web causes too many mosquitoes to be killed, which is unbelievable.
C. No similar discoveries have ever been made throughout the world so far.
D. The web forces people to stay far away from Lake Tawakoni State Park.
|
||
How do you get across a river? A bridge is the best way. In some places, there are no bridges. People use the ferry . A ferry is a boat that takes people and cars across the river. Both ends of a ferry look the same. The ferry never has to turn around. It docks at one side of the river. People and cars get on. At the other side, the ferry docks again. The people and cars get off. Other cars and people get on. And then the ferry goes back across the river. In many places, bridges are now taking the place of ferries. In 1964, the longest bridge in the world was built in New York over Now York Bay . It is called the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge. This bridge has two roads, one over the other. Each road is wide enough for six lanes of traffic. We can infer that _ according to the passage.
|
[
"the shortest bridge in the world was built in New York",
"it may be faster to cross rivers on bridges than on ferries",
"there is a bridge over every river in the United States",
"we don't need ferries any more"
] | 1B
|
How do you get across a river? A bridge is the best way. In some places, there are no bridges. People use the ferry . A ferry is a boat that takes people and cars across the river. Both ends of a ferry look the same. The ferry never has to turn around. It docks at one side of the river. People and cars get on. At the other side, the ferry docks again. The people and cars get off. Other cars and people get on. And then the ferry goes back across the river. In many places, bridges are now taking the place of ferries. In 1964, the longest bridge in the world was built in New York over Now York Bay . It is called the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge. This bridge has two roads, one over the other. Each road is wide enough for six lanes of traffic. We can infer that _ according to the passage.
A. the shortest bridge in the world was built in New York
B. it may be faster to cross rivers on bridges than on ferries
C. there is a bridge over every river in the United States
D. we don't need ferries any more
|
B. it may be faster to cross rivers on bridges than on ferries
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Retrieved:
the seven bridges of konigsberg is a historically notable problem in mathematics. its negative resolution by leonhard euler, in 1736, laid the foundations of graph theory and prefigured the idea of topology. the city of konigsberg in prussia ( now kaliningrad, russia ) was set on both sides of the pregel river, and included two large islands — kneiphof and lomse — which were connected to each other, and to the two mainland portions of the city, by seven bridges. the problem was to devise a walk through the city that would cross each of those bridges once and only once. by way of specifying the logical task unambiguously, solutions involving either reaching an island or mainland bank other than via one of the bridges, or accessing any bridge without crossing to its other end are explicitly unacceptable. euler proved that the problem has no solution. the difficulty he faced was the development of a suitable technique of analysis, and of subsequent tests that established this assertion with mathematical rigor. = = euler's analysis = = euler first pointed out that the choice of route inside each land mass is irrelevant and that the only important feature of a route is the sequence of bridges crossed. this allowed him to reformulate the problem in abstract terms ( laying the foundations of graph theory ), eliminating all features except the list of land masses and the bridges connecting them. in modern terms, one replaces each land masses with an abstract " vertex " or node, and each bridge with an abstract connection, an " edge ", which only serves to record which pair of vertices ( land masses ) is connected by that bridge. the resulting mathematical structure is a graph. → → since only the connection information is relevant, the shape of pictorial representations of a graph may be distorted in any way, without changing the graph itself. only the number of edges ( possibly zero ) between each pair of nodes is significant. it does not, for instance, matter whether the edges drawn are straight or curved, or whether one node is to the left or right of another. next, euler observed that ( except at the endpoints of the walk ), whenever one enters a vertex by a bridge, one leaves the vertex by a bridge. in other words, during any walk in the graph, the number of times one enters a non - terminal vertex equals the number of times one leaves it. now, if every bridge has been traversed exactly once, it follows that, for each land mass ( except for the
Original Instruction:
How do you get across a river? A bridge is the best way. In some places, there are no bridges. People use the ferry . A ferry is a boat that takes people and cars across the river. Both ends of a ferry look the same. The ferry never has to turn around. It docks at one side of the river. People and cars get on. At the other side, the ferry docks again. The people and cars get off. Other cars and people get on. And then the ferry goes back across the river. In many places, bridges are now taking the place of ferries. In 1964, the longest bridge in the world was built in New York over Now York Bay . It is called the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge. This bridge has two roads, one over the other. Each road is wide enough for six lanes of traffic. We can infer that _ according to the passage.
A. the shortest bridge in the world was built in New York
B. it may be faster to cross rivers on bridges than on ferries
C. there is a bridge over every river in the United States
D. we don't need ferries any more
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When John Milton , writer of "Paradise Lost" ,entered Cambridge University, in 1625, he was already skilled in Latin after seven years of studying it as his second language at St. Paul's School,prefix = st1 /London. Like all English boys who prepared for college in grammar schools ,he had learned not only to read Latin but also to speak and writer it smoothly and correctly .His pronunciation of Latin was English ,however ,and seemed to have sounded strange to his friends when he later visited Italy. Schoolboys gained their skill in Latin in a bitter way. They kept in mind the rules to make learning by heart easier. They first made a word-for-word translation and then an idiomatic translation into English .As they increased their skill ,they translated their English back into Latin without referring to the book and then compared their translation with the original .The schoolmaster was always at hand to encourage them. All schoolmasters believed Latin _ . After several years of study ,the boys began to write compositions in imitation of the Latin writers they read. And as they began to read Latin poems ,they began to write poems in Latin .Because Milton was already a poet at ten ,his poems were much better than those painfully put together by the other boys. During the seven yearsMiltonspent at university ,he made regular use of his command of Latin. He wrote some excellent Latin poems ,which he published among his works in 1645. What does the passage mainly tell about?
|
[
"How John Milton wrote \"Paradise Lost\".",
"How John Milton studied Latin.",
"How John Milton became famous.",
"How John Milton became a poet."
] | 1B
|
When John Milton , writer of "Paradise Lost" ,entered Cambridge University, in 1625, he was already skilled in Latin after seven years of studying it as his second language at St. Paul's School,prefix = st1 /London. Like all English boys who prepared for college in grammar schools ,he had learned not only to read Latin but also to speak and writer it smoothly and correctly .His pronunciation of Latin was English ,however ,and seemed to have sounded strange to his friends when he later visited Italy. Schoolboys gained their skill in Latin in a bitter way. They kept in mind the rules to make learning by heart easier. They first made a word-for-word translation and then an idiomatic translation into English .As they increased their skill ,they translated their English back into Latin without referring to the book and then compared their translation with the original .The schoolmaster was always at hand to encourage them. All schoolmasters believed Latin _ . After several years of study ,the boys began to write compositions in imitation of the Latin writers they read. And as they began to read Latin poems ,they began to write poems in Latin .Because Milton was already a poet at ten ,his poems were much better than those painfully put together by the other boys. During the seven yearsMiltonspent at university ,he made regular use of his command of Latin. He wrote some excellent Latin poems ,which he published among his works in 1645. What does the passage mainly tell about?
A. How John Milton wrote "Paradise Lost".
B. How John Milton studied Latin.
C. How John Milton became famous.
D. How John Milton became a poet.
|
B. How John Milton studied Latin.
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Retrieved:
middle class and the development of printing, with works such as the original authors would have written, had they been writing in england in that day. the elizabethan period of translation saw considerable progress beyond mere paraphrase toward an ideal of stylistic equivalence, but even to the end of this period, which actually reached to the middle of the 17th century, there was no concern for verbal accuracy. in the second half of the 17th century, the poet john dryden sought to make virgil speak " in words such as he would probably have written if he were living and an englishman ". as great as dryden's poem is, however, one is reading dryden, and not experiencing the roman poet's concision. similarly, homer arguably suffers from alexander pope's endeavor to reduce the greek poet's " wild paradise " to order. both works live on as worthy english epics, more than as a point of access to the latin or greek. throughout the 18th century, the watchword of translators was ease of reading. whatever they did not understand in a text, or thought might bore readers, they omitted. they cheerfully assumed that their own style of expression was the best, and that texts should be made to conform to it in translation. for scholarship they cared no more than had their predecessors, and they did not shrink from making translations from translations in third languages, or from languages that they hardly knew, or — as in the case of james macpherson's " translations " of ossian — from texts that were actually of the " translator's " own composition. the 19th century brought new standards of accuracy and style. in regard to accuracy, observes j. m. cohen, the policy became " the text, the whole text, and nothing but the text ", except for any bawdy passages and the addition of copious explanatory footnotes. in regard to style, the victorians'aim, achieved through far - reaching metaphrase ( literality ) or pseudo - metaphrase, was to constantly remind readers that they were reading a foreign classic. an exception was the outstanding translation in this period, edward fitzgerald's rubaiyat of omar khayyam ( 1859 ), which achieved its oriental flavor largely by using persian names and discreet biblical echoes and actually drew little of its material from the persian original. in advance of the 20th century, a new pattern was set in 1871 by benjamin jowett, who translated plato into simple, straightforward language. jowett's example was
Original Instruction:
When John Milton , writer of "Paradise Lost" ,entered Cambridge University, in 1625, he was already skilled in Latin after seven years of studying it as his second language at St. Paul's School,prefix = st1 /London. Like all English boys who prepared for college in grammar schools ,he had learned not only to read Latin but also to speak and writer it smoothly and correctly .His pronunciation of Latin was English ,however ,and seemed to have sounded strange to his friends when he later visited Italy. Schoolboys gained their skill in Latin in a bitter way. They kept in mind the rules to make learning by heart easier. They first made a word-for-word translation and then an idiomatic translation into English .As they increased their skill ,they translated their English back into Latin without referring to the book and then compared their translation with the original .The schoolmaster was always at hand to encourage them. All schoolmasters believed Latin _ . After several years of study ,the boys began to write compositions in imitation of the Latin writers they read. And as they began to read Latin poems ,they began to write poems in Latin .Because Milton was already a poet at ten ,his poems were much better than those painfully put together by the other boys. During the seven yearsMiltonspent at university ,he made regular use of his command of Latin. He wrote some excellent Latin poems ,which he published among his works in 1645. What does the passage mainly tell about?
A. How John Milton wrote "Paradise Lost".
B. How John Milton studied Latin.
C. How John Milton became famous.
D. How John Milton became a poet.
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Mrs. Green is going to give a birthday party for Mary. Mary is her daughter. She is going to be ten years old. A lot of friends of Mary's are going to come to the party. There are twenty girls of them. Mrs. Green is getting ready for the party. Mrs. White is helping her. "That's a big nice cake," Mrs. White says to Mrs. Green. "Thank you very much." Mrs. Green is going shopping now. She is going to buy fruit for the party. She buys lots of pears, apples, oranges and bananas. Then she goes home. It's five o'clock in the afternoon. Everything is ready. Now the first girl is arriving. The party is going to begin in thirty minutes. What does Mrs. Green buy these apples for?
|
[
"The twenty girls",
"The party",
"Mrs. White",
"Mary"
] | 1B
|
Mrs. Green is going to give a birthday party for Mary. Mary is her daughter. She is going to be ten years old. A lot of friends of Mary's are going to come to the party. There are twenty girls of them. Mrs. Green is getting ready for the party. Mrs. White is helping her. "That's a big nice cake," Mrs. White says to Mrs. Green. "Thank you very much." Mrs. Green is going shopping now. She is going to buy fruit for the party. She buys lots of pears, apples, oranges and bananas. Then she goes home. It's five o'clock in the afternoon. Everything is ready. Now the first girl is arriving. The party is going to begin in thirty minutes. What does Mrs. Green buy these apples for?
A. The twenty girls
B. The party
C. Mrs. White
D. Mary
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B. The party
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Retrieved:
fakes a coma, lindsay and lucille fake entering rehab, and gob flees the country to perform in a uso tour in iraq. the deceptions are all uncovered by the prosecution, and in iraq gob is arrested for inadvertently inciting an anti - us riot. buster and michael travel to iraq to rescue gob, and while there, uncover evidence that the mini - palaces george sr. built in iraq were actually ordered and paid for by the cia for wiretapping purposes. after this discovery, the us government drops all of the charges against george sr. in the general confusion, everyone except george michael forgets maeby's sixteenth birthday. to celebrate their victory in iraq, the bluths throw a shareholders'party on the rms queen mary. during preparation for the party, it is revealed that lindsay was adopted, meaning that george michael and maeby are not blood relatives. at the party, the bluth's other adopted child, annyong, reappears. he reveals that he is there to avenge the bluth family's theft of his grandfather's frozen banana idea and the cause of his subsequent deportation, an event orchestrated many years earlier by lucille bluth. annyong has turned over evidence implicating lucille in the bluth company's accounting scandals. before the police arrive, michael and george michael flee on gob's yacht, the c - word, and depart to cabo with half a million dollars in cashier's checks, finally leaving the family to fend for themselves. however, it is revealed in the epilogue that george sr. is also on the yacht, having lured his brother oscar into taking his place once again. also in the epilogue, maeby tries to sell the television rights to the story of the bluth family to ron howard, who tells her that he sees it as a movie rather than a series. = = = season 4 ( 2013 ) = = = filming for a fourth season to be released on netflix began on august 7, 2012, more than six years after the series had been canceled by fox. the season consists of 15 new episodes, all debuting at the same time on netflix on may 26, 2013, in the united states, canada, the united kingdom, ireland, latin america, and the nordic countries. several actors who had recurring roles in the original series returned to reprise their roles, including carl weathers as himself, henry winkler as barry zuckerkorn, ben stiller as tony wonder, mae whitman as ann veal,
Original Instruction:
Mrs. Green is going to give a birthday party for Mary. Mary is her daughter. She is going to be ten years old. A lot of friends of Mary's are going to come to the party. There are twenty girls of them. Mrs. Green is getting ready for the party. Mrs. White is helping her. "That's a big nice cake," Mrs. White says to Mrs. Green. "Thank you very much." Mrs. Green is going shopping now. She is going to buy fruit for the party. She buys lots of pears, apples, oranges and bananas. Then she goes home. It's five o'clock in the afternoon. Everything is ready. Now the first girl is arriving. The party is going to begin in thirty minutes. What does Mrs. Green buy these apples for?
A. The twenty girls
B. The party
C. Mrs. White
D. Mary
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Energy is very important in modern life. People use energy to run machines, heat and cool their homes, cook, give light, and transport people and products from place to place. Most energy comes from fossil fuels--petroleum, coal, and natural gas. However, burning fuels causes pollution. Also, if we don't find new kinds of energy, we will use up all the fossil fuels in the twenty-first century. Scientists are working hard to find other kinds of energy for the future. What might these sources of energy be? Energy from the wind All over the world, people use the power of the wind. It turns windmills and moves sailboats. It is a clean source of energy, and there is lots of it. Unfortunately, if the wind does not blow, there is no wind energy. Energy from water When water moves from a high place to a lower place, it makes energy. This energy is used to create electricity. In Brittany, France, for example, waterpower produces enough energy to light a town of 40,000people. Waterpower gives energy without pollution. However, people have to build dams to use this energy. Dams cost a lot of money, so water energy is expensive. Energy from the earth There is heat in rocks under the earth. Scientists use this heat to make geothermal energy. San Francisco gets half of the energy it needs from geothermal power. This kind of energy is cheap, but it is possible only in a few places in the world. Energy from the sun Solar panels on the roofs of houses can turn energy from the sun into electricity. These panels can create enough energy to heat an entire house. Solar power is clean and there is a lot of it in sunny places. But when the weather is bad, there is no sunlight for energy. What does this passage mainly talk about?
|
[
"Advantage of the energy from nature.",
"The future of the energy.",
"Scientists have been working hard to research other kinds of energy.",
"Energy is the most important power in the word."
] | 2C
|
Energy is very important in modern life. People use energy to run machines, heat and cool their homes, cook, give light, and transport people and products from place to place. Most energy comes from fossil fuels--petroleum, coal, and natural gas. However, burning fuels causes pollution. Also, if we don't find new kinds of energy, we will use up all the fossil fuels in the twenty-first century. Scientists are working hard to find other kinds of energy for the future. What might these sources of energy be? Energy from the wind All over the world, people use the power of the wind. It turns windmills and moves sailboats. It is a clean source of energy, and there is lots of it. Unfortunately, if the wind does not blow, there is no wind energy. Energy from water When water moves from a high place to a lower place, it makes energy. This energy is used to create electricity. In Brittany, France, for example, waterpower produces enough energy to light a town of 40,000people. Waterpower gives energy without pollution. However, people have to build dams to use this energy. Dams cost a lot of money, so water energy is expensive. Energy from the earth There is heat in rocks under the earth. Scientists use this heat to make geothermal energy. San Francisco gets half of the energy it needs from geothermal power. This kind of energy is cheap, but it is possible only in a few places in the world. Energy from the sun Solar panels on the roofs of houses can turn energy from the sun into electricity. These panels can create enough energy to heat an entire house. Solar power is clean and there is a lot of it in sunny places. But when the weather is bad, there is no sunlight for energy. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. Advantage of the energy from nature.
B. The future of the energy.
C. Scientists have been working hard to research other kinds of energy.
D. Energy is the most important power in the word.
|
C. Scientists have been working hard to research other kinds of energy.
|
Retrieved:
energy is sustainable if it " meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. " definitions of sustainable energy usually look at its effects on the environment, the economy, and society. these impacts range from greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution to energy poverty and toxic waste. renewable energy sources such as wind, hydro, solar, and geothermal energy can cause environmental damage but are generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel sources. the role of non - renewable energy sources in sustainable energy is controversial. nuclear power does not produce carbon pollution or air pollution, but has drawbacks that include radioactive waste, the risk of nuclear proliferation, and the risk of accidents. switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but may lead to a delay in switching to more sustainable options. carbon capture and storage can be built into power plants to remove their carbon dioxide ( co2 ) emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. fossil fuels provide 85 % of the world's energy consumption, and the energy system is responsible for 76 % of global greenhouse gas emissions. around 790 million people in developing countries lack access to electricity, and 2. 6 billion rely on polluting fuels such as wood or charcoal to cook. cooking with biomass plus fossil fuel pollution causes an estimated 7 million deaths each year. limiting global warming to 2 °c ( 3. 6 °f ) will require transforming energy production, distribution, storage, and consumption. universal access to clean electricity can have major benefits to the climate, human health, and the economies of developing countries. climate change mitigation pathways have been proposed to limit global warming to 2 °c ( 3. 6 °f ). these include phasing out coal - fired power plants, conserving energy, producing more electricity from clean sources such as wind and solar, and switching from fossil fuels to electricity for transport and heating buildings. power output from some renewable energy sources varies depending on when the wind blows and the sun shines. switching to renewable energy can therefore require electrical grid upgrades, such as the addition of energy storage. some processes that are difficult to electrify can use hydrogen fuel produced from low - emission energy sources. in the international energy agency's proposal for achieving net zero emissions by 2050, about 35 % of the reduction in emissions depends on technologies that are still in development as of 2023. wind and solar market share grew to 8. 5 % of worldwide electricity in 2019, and costs continue to fall. the inter
Original Instruction:
Energy is very important in modern life. People use energy to run machines, heat and cool their homes, cook, give light, and transport people and products from place to place. Most energy comes from fossil fuels--petroleum, coal, and natural gas. However, burning fuels causes pollution. Also, if we don't find new kinds of energy, we will use up all the fossil fuels in the twenty-first century. Scientists are working hard to find other kinds of energy for the future. What might these sources of energy be? Energy from the wind All over the world, people use the power of the wind. It turns windmills and moves sailboats. It is a clean source of energy, and there is lots of it. Unfortunately, if the wind does not blow, there is no wind energy. Energy from water When water moves from a high place to a lower place, it makes energy. This energy is used to create electricity. In Brittany, France, for example, waterpower produces enough energy to light a town of 40,000people. Waterpower gives energy without pollution. However, people have to build dams to use this energy. Dams cost a lot of money, so water energy is expensive. Energy from the earth There is heat in rocks under the earth. Scientists use this heat to make geothermal energy. San Francisco gets half of the energy it needs from geothermal power. This kind of energy is cheap, but it is possible only in a few places in the world. Energy from the sun Solar panels on the roofs of houses can turn energy from the sun into electricity. These panels can create enough energy to heat an entire house. Solar power is clean and there is a lot of it in sunny places. But when the weather is bad, there is no sunlight for energy. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. Advantage of the energy from nature.
B. The future of the energy.
C. Scientists have been working hard to research other kinds of energy.
D. Energy is the most important power in the word.
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Life's coincidences can be good or bad, but they always surprise us. I moved to Anderson in 2004 from a small town in New York. One day I stopped at a red light and was behind a car with a license plate that read "Pearl Harbor Survivor". My father was a Pearl Harbor survivor, so I jumped out of my truck and tapped to his window. He rolled the window down and I asked if he was a Pearl Harbor survivor. "Yes," he said. The lights turned green so I got back in my truck, turned left and went home straight. Then, I said to myself, "Why didn't I get his name and phone number?" I went to the local Legion Post and asked if there was a Pearl Harbor survivor here on their roster . They told me yes and his name was Bronsil Metz. I looked up his name in the phone book and gave him a call. However, I failed to reach him anyway. I then drove to his address. With no answer to the door, I left a note saying that I would like to speak with him. The next day Metz called me back and we arranged to meet at his house. I gathered my father's picture albums and drove to his house the next morning. My father passed away years ago, so I was filled with excitement about talking to someone with similar experiences. We two went through the albums. As I turned the pages, he started pointing out the people he knew as well as those familiar buildings. My father was a great record keeper, so after Metz named people in some pictures, I took the photos out and on the back, in my father's handwriting, were the names, _ that Metz did really know the people. At that moment, I was stunned . Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
|
[
"The author met Bronsil Metz in a small town in New York.",
"The author was surprised to find a Pearl Harbor survivor.",
"The information of some retired soldiers can be found in Legion Post.",
"The author's father kept some picture albums about Pearl Harbor."
] | 0A
|
Life's coincidences can be good or bad, but they always surprise us. I moved to Anderson in 2004 from a small town in New York. One day I stopped at a red light and was behind a car with a license plate that read "Pearl Harbor Survivor". My father was a Pearl Harbor survivor, so I jumped out of my truck and tapped to his window. He rolled the window down and I asked if he was a Pearl Harbor survivor. "Yes," he said. The lights turned green so I got back in my truck, turned left and went home straight. Then, I said to myself, "Why didn't I get his name and phone number?" I went to the local Legion Post and asked if there was a Pearl Harbor survivor here on their roster . They told me yes and his name was Bronsil Metz. I looked up his name in the phone book and gave him a call. However, I failed to reach him anyway. I then drove to his address. With no answer to the door, I left a note saying that I would like to speak with him. The next day Metz called me back and we arranged to meet at his house. I gathered my father's picture albums and drove to his house the next morning. My father passed away years ago, so I was filled with excitement about talking to someone with similar experiences. We two went through the albums. As I turned the pages, he started pointing out the people he knew as well as those familiar buildings. My father was a great record keeper, so after Metz named people in some pictures, I took the photos out and on the back, in my father's handwriting, were the names, _ that Metz did really know the people. At that moment, I was stunned . Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A. The author met Bronsil Metz in a small town in New York.
B. The author was surprised to find a Pearl Harbor survivor.
C. The information of some retired soldiers can be found in Legion Post.
D. The author's father kept some picture albums about Pearl Harbor.
|
A. The author met Bronsil Metz in a small town in New York.
|
Retrieved:
or turning sharply, and noted that the port light was visible. morse light signals to the ship, upon lord's order, were made between 11 : 30 pm and 1 : 00 am, but were not acknowledged. if titanic was as far from the californian as lord claimed morse signals would not have been visible. a reasonable and prudent course of action would have been to awaken the wireless operator and to instruct him to attempt to contact titanic by that method. had lord done so, it is possible he could have reached titanic in time to save additional lives. captain lord had gone to the chart room at 11 : 00 pm. second officer herbert stone, now on duty, notified lord at 1 : 10 am that the ship had fired five rockets. lord wanted to know if they were company signals, that is, coloured flares used for identification. stone said that he did not know and that the rockets were all white. captain lord instructed the crew to continue to signal the other vessel with the morse lamp, and went back to sleep. three more rockets were observed at 1 : 50 am and stone noted that the ship looked strange in the water, as if the ship were listing. at 2 : 15 am, lord was notified that the ship could no longer be seen. lord asked again if the lights had had any colours in them, and he was informed that they were all white. californian eventually responded. at around 5 : 30 am, chief officer george stewart awakened wireless operator cyril furmstone evans, informed him that rockets had been seen during the night, and asked that he try to communicate with any ship. he got news of titanic's loss, captain lord was notified, and the ship set out to render assistance, arriving well after carpathia had already picked up all the survivors. the inquiries found that the ship seen by californian was in fact titanic and that it would have been possible for californian to aid rescue ; therefore, captain lord had acted improperly in failing to do so. = = = survivors and victims = = = the number of casualties of the sinking is unclear, because of a number of factors. these include confusion over the passenger list, which included some names of people who cancelled their trip at the last minute, and the fact that several passengers travelled under aliases for various reasons and were therefore double - counted on the casualty lists. the death toll has been put at between 1, 490 and 1, 635 people. the tables below use figures from the british board of trade report on
Original Instruction:
Life's coincidences can be good or bad, but they always surprise us. I moved to Anderson in 2004 from a small town in New York. One day I stopped at a red light and was behind a car with a license plate that read "Pearl Harbor Survivor". My father was a Pearl Harbor survivor, so I jumped out of my truck and tapped to his window. He rolled the window down and I asked if he was a Pearl Harbor survivor. "Yes," he said. The lights turned green so I got back in my truck, turned left and went home straight. Then, I said to myself, "Why didn't I get his name and phone number?" I went to the local Legion Post and asked if there was a Pearl Harbor survivor here on their roster . They told me yes and his name was Bronsil Metz. I looked up his name in the phone book and gave him a call. However, I failed to reach him anyway. I then drove to his address. With no answer to the door, I left a note saying that I would like to speak with him. The next day Metz called me back and we arranged to meet at his house. I gathered my father's picture albums and drove to his house the next morning. My father passed away years ago, so I was filled with excitement about talking to someone with similar experiences. We two went through the albums. As I turned the pages, he started pointing out the people he knew as well as those familiar buildings. My father was a great record keeper, so after Metz named people in some pictures, I took the photos out and on the back, in my father's handwriting, were the names, _ that Metz did really know the people. At that moment, I was stunned . Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A. The author met Bronsil Metz in a small town in New York.
B. The author was surprised to find a Pearl Harbor survivor.
C. The information of some retired soldiers can be found in Legion Post.
D. The author's father kept some picture albums about Pearl Harbor.
|
||
Sophia Richardson: Both my parents are really important to me. My parents are really more than friends. They're the people I can open up and talk to. Talking to them is like talking to one of my friends. They've been there for me and given me good advice on a lot of my problems. Stacey Avnes: My Jewish big sister is important to me. Her name is Lauren. We've been together for two years. My mom is a single and she is very busy. Lauren is someone who helps me deal with all this stuff because she's someone I can talk to. She's like a second mom to me and also a best friend. If I have any problem, I can call her and she'll come and pick me up and we'll go to the park and talk. Jean Park: It's my uncle who is important to me. When I'm with him, I'm grateful for the small things--- being alive and healthy; having a good family and friends. He's also very grateful for the small things and gives back to his community. Melaku Shierfaw: My father is important to me. He came here from a rich family in Africa. But when he came, he didn't take any money and started fresh. He showed that he could do everything by himself without the help of others and he's successful. It shows that I can do anything as long as I try. Kalin Scott- Wright: My great grandmother is in charge of our whole family. She was born in 1920. I know she went through a lot in her life. She was a very strong woman and she raised my mom and took her in. She had a kind spirit and loved me and my brother. She'll always be there for me although she's not alive any longer. From his father, Melaku has learnt that _ .
|
[
"not everyone can be successful",
"money is not important in one's life",
"one should never ask others for help",
"he can do anything as long as he tries"
] | 3D
|
Sophia Richardson: Both my parents are really important to me. My parents are really more than friends. They're the people I can open up and talk to. Talking to them is like talking to one of my friends. They've been there for me and given me good advice on a lot of my problems. Stacey Avnes: My Jewish big sister is important to me. Her name is Lauren. We've been together for two years. My mom is a single and she is very busy. Lauren is someone who helps me deal with all this stuff because she's someone I can talk to. She's like a second mom to me and also a best friend. If I have any problem, I can call her and she'll come and pick me up and we'll go to the park and talk. Jean Park: It's my uncle who is important to me. When I'm with him, I'm grateful for the small things--- being alive and healthy; having a good family and friends. He's also very grateful for the small things and gives back to his community. Melaku Shierfaw: My father is important to me. He came here from a rich family in Africa. But when he came, he didn't take any money and started fresh. He showed that he could do everything by himself without the help of others and he's successful. It shows that I can do anything as long as I try. Kalin Scott- Wright: My great grandmother is in charge of our whole family. She was born in 1920. I know she went through a lot in her life. She was a very strong woman and she raised my mom and took her in. She had a kind spirit and loved me and my brother. She'll always be there for me although she's not alive any longer. From his father, Melaku has learnt that _ .
A. not everyone can be successful
B. money is not important in one's life
C. one should never ask others for help
D. he can do anything as long as he tries
|
D. he can do anything as long as he tries
|
Retrieved:
" ( mae ja lao nitaan hai luuk fang ), or " mother will tell child a story ". similarly, older and younger friends will often use sibling terminology, so that an older friend telling a younger friend " you're my friend " would be " " ( nawng pen peuan pii ), would translate directly as " younger sibling is older sibling ’ s friend ". to be translated into english correctly, it is proper to use " i " and " you " for these example statements, but normal thai perceptions of relation are lost in the process. a similar feature can also be observed in indonesian. one may use the formal form of pronouns, which are generally distinct from the informal / familiar forms ; however, the use of these pronouns does not evoke sufficient friendliness or intimacy, especially in spoken language. instead of saying " anda mau pesan apa? ", a waiter / waitress will most likely say " bapak / ibu mau pesan apa? " ( lit.'father / mother wants to order what?'). the two expressions are equally polite ; however, the latter is more sympathetic and friendly. when conversing with family and relatives, most indonesians also prefer using kinship terminology ( father, mother, brother, sister ) when addressing older family members. when addressing younger family members, informal pronouns are more prevalent. = = = verb forms = = = english lacks some grammatical categories which are present in some other languages. there is no simple way in english to contrast finnish kirjoittaa or polish pisac ( continuing, corresponding to english'to write') with kirjoitella or pisywac ( a regular frequentative,'to occasionally write short passages at a time ', or'to jot down now and then'). similarly, hypata and skoczyc ( to jump once ) contrast with hyppia and skakac ( to continuously jump ; to be jumping from point a to b ). irish allows the prohibitive mood to be used in the passive voice. the effect is used to prohibit something while expressing society's disapproval for that action at the same time. for example, contrast na caithigi tobac ( meaning'don't smoke'when said to more than one person ), which uses the second person plural in the imperative meaning " do not smoke ", with na caitear tobac ( best translated as'smoking just isn't
Original Instruction:
Sophia Richardson: Both my parents are really important to me. My parents are really more than friends. They're the people I can open up and talk to. Talking to them is like talking to one of my friends. They've been there for me and given me good advice on a lot of my problems. Stacey Avnes: My Jewish big sister is important to me. Her name is Lauren. We've been together for two years. My mom is a single and she is very busy. Lauren is someone who helps me deal with all this stuff because she's someone I can talk to. She's like a second mom to me and also a best friend. If I have any problem, I can call her and she'll come and pick me up and we'll go to the park and talk. Jean Park: It's my uncle who is important to me. When I'm with him, I'm grateful for the small things--- being alive and healthy; having a good family and friends. He's also very grateful for the small things and gives back to his community. Melaku Shierfaw: My father is important to me. He came here from a rich family in Africa. But when he came, he didn't take any money and started fresh. He showed that he could do everything by himself without the help of others and he's successful. It shows that I can do anything as long as I try. Kalin Scott- Wright: My great grandmother is in charge of our whole family. She was born in 1920. I know she went through a lot in her life. She was a very strong woman and she raised my mom and took her in. She had a kind spirit and loved me and my brother. She'll always be there for me although she's not alive any longer. From his father, Melaku has learnt that _ .
A. not everyone can be successful
B. money is not important in one's life
C. one should never ask others for help
D. he can do anything as long as he tries
|
||
LOS ANGELES - Jesus Ibarra was puzzled by the elderly man. He was obviously much older than other students at prefix = st1 /CentralAultHigh School. And he was an Anglo on a campus where most students are Latins, Blacks, and Asian - Americans. "I asked myself what he was doing here," said Ibarra, 21, of Los Angeles. "I thought he was a visitor. The first time I talked to him, I asked a question in English, and he answered in Spanish. I thought he was white and Jewish. I never imagined that he would speak Spanish." Jacob Blitzstein surprised his fellow students all the time. He isn't some _ man, though he wears his neat gray beard and conservative (traditional) clothes. Blitzstein is warm and gregarious (enjoys being with others). He likes to hear a good joke and loves to tell a good story. He is determined, especially when it comes to realizing his dream. Recently, that dream came true. At a graduation ceremony attended by two of his children and three grandchildren, Blitzstein, 81, graduated from high school. After Principal Lanny Nelms handed him the diploma and announced his age, Blitzstein waved to the audience and cried. And why not? He's probably the oldest CentralHigh Schoolgraduate since the school opened in 1974. According to theLos Angelesdistrict spokesman, although no records of such things are kept, Blitzstein is the oldest graduate he's ever heard of. Earning his diploma took 10 years, during which the retired store owner suffered heart attack and ill health, and lost his wife and two brothers. He kept to his task for a reason. "School is the best medicine you can have," he said. "You have something on your mind - a goal." With his diploma in hand, Blitzstein states that _ . "You know something ? I'm going to college," He told a visitor recently. He has checked out West Los Angeles and Santa Monicacommunity colleges and hopes to move from there to a four-year school. "It's not a joke," he said. "If I live to the year 2008, maybe I'll be a doctor." What was Jacob Blitzstein's dream?
|
[
"To be the oldest graduate.",
"To graduate from high school.",
"To surprise his fellow students.",
"To invite his children to attend his ceremony."
] | 1B
|
LOS ANGELES - Jesus Ibarra was puzzled by the elderly man. He was obviously much older than other students at prefix = st1 /CentralAultHigh School. And he was an Anglo on a campus where most students are Latins, Blacks, and Asian - Americans. "I asked myself what he was doing here," said Ibarra, 21, of Los Angeles. "I thought he was a visitor. The first time I talked to him, I asked a question in English, and he answered in Spanish. I thought he was white and Jewish. I never imagined that he would speak Spanish." Jacob Blitzstein surprised his fellow students all the time. He isn't some _ man, though he wears his neat gray beard and conservative (traditional) clothes. Blitzstein is warm and gregarious (enjoys being with others). He likes to hear a good joke and loves to tell a good story. He is determined, especially when it comes to realizing his dream. Recently, that dream came true. At a graduation ceremony attended by two of his children and three grandchildren, Blitzstein, 81, graduated from high school. After Principal Lanny Nelms handed him the diploma and announced his age, Blitzstein waved to the audience and cried. And why not? He's probably the oldest CentralHigh Schoolgraduate since the school opened in 1974. According to theLos Angelesdistrict spokesman, although no records of such things are kept, Blitzstein is the oldest graduate he's ever heard of. Earning his diploma took 10 years, during which the retired store owner suffered heart attack and ill health, and lost his wife and two brothers. He kept to his task for a reason. "School is the best medicine you can have," he said. "You have something on your mind - a goal." With his diploma in hand, Blitzstein states that _ . "You know something ? I'm going to college," He told a visitor recently. He has checked out West Los Angeles and Santa Monicacommunity colleges and hopes to move from there to a four-year school. "It's not a joke," he said. "If I live to the year 2008, maybe I'll be a doctor." What was Jacob Blitzstein's dream?
A. To be the oldest graduate.
B. To graduate from high school.
C. To surprise his fellow students.
D. To invite his children to attend his ceremony.
|
B. To graduate from high school.
|
Retrieved:
international style ". similarly, johnson, writing about joseph urban's recently completed new school for social research in new york, stated : " in the new school we have an anomaly of a building supposed to be in a style of architecture based on the development of the plan from function and facade from plan but which is a formally and pretentiously conceived as a renaissance palace. urban's admiration for the new style is more complete than his understanding. " california architect rudolph schindler's work was not a part of the exhibit, though schindler had pleaded with hitchcock and johnson to be included. then, " [ f ] or more than 20 years, schindler had intermittently launched a series of spirited, cantankerous exchanges with the museum. " = = before 1932 = = = = 1932 – 1944 = = the gradual rise of the nazi regime in weimar germany in the 1930s, and the nazis'rejection of modern architecture, meant that an entire generation of avant - gardist architects, many of them jews, were forced out of continental europe. some, such as mendelsohn, found shelter in england, while a considerable number of the jewish architects made their way to palestine, and others to the us. however, american anti - communist politics after the war and philip johnson's influential rejection of functionalism have tended to mask the fact that many of the important architects, including contributors to the original weissenhof project, fled to the soviet union. this group also tended to be far more concerned with functionalism and its social agenda. bruno taut, mart stam, the second bauhaus director hannes meyer, ernst may and other important figures of the international style went to the soviet union in 1930 to undertake huge, ambitious, idealistic urban planning projects, building entire cities from scratch. in 1936, when stalin ordered them out of the country, many of these architects became stateless and sought refuge elsewhere ; for example, ernst may moved to kenya. the white city of tel aviv is a collection of over 4, 000 buildings built in the international style in the 1930s. many jewish architects who had studied at the german bauhaus school designed significant buildings here. a large proportion of the buildings built in the international style can be found in the area planned by patrick geddes, north of tel aviv's main historical commercial center. in 1994, unesco proclaimed the white city a world heritage site, describing the city as " a synthesis of outstanding significance of the various trends of the modern movement in
Original Instruction:
LOS ANGELES - Jesus Ibarra was puzzled by the elderly man. He was obviously much older than other students at prefix = st1 /CentralAultHigh School. And he was an Anglo on a campus where most students are Latins, Blacks, and Asian - Americans. "I asked myself what he was doing here," said Ibarra, 21, of Los Angeles. "I thought he was a visitor. The first time I talked to him, I asked a question in English, and he answered in Spanish. I thought he was white and Jewish. I never imagined that he would speak Spanish." Jacob Blitzstein surprised his fellow students all the time. He isn't some _ man, though he wears his neat gray beard and conservative (traditional) clothes. Blitzstein is warm and gregarious (enjoys being with others). He likes to hear a good joke and loves to tell a good story. He is determined, especially when it comes to realizing his dream. Recently, that dream came true. At a graduation ceremony attended by two of his children and three grandchildren, Blitzstein, 81, graduated from high school. After Principal Lanny Nelms handed him the diploma and announced his age, Blitzstein waved to the audience and cried. And why not? He's probably the oldest CentralHigh Schoolgraduate since the school opened in 1974. According to theLos Angelesdistrict spokesman, although no records of such things are kept, Blitzstein is the oldest graduate he's ever heard of. Earning his diploma took 10 years, during which the retired store owner suffered heart attack and ill health, and lost his wife and two brothers. He kept to his task for a reason. "School is the best medicine you can have," he said. "You have something on your mind - a goal." With his diploma in hand, Blitzstein states that _ . "You know something ? I'm going to college," He told a visitor recently. He has checked out West Los Angeles and Santa Monicacommunity colleges and hopes to move from there to a four-year school. "It's not a joke," he said. "If I live to the year 2008, maybe I'll be a doctor." What was Jacob Blitzstein's dream?
A. To be the oldest graduate.
B. To graduate from high school.
C. To surprise his fellow students.
D. To invite his children to attend his ceremony.
|
||
Which lists the diameter of the planets in order from smallest to largest?
|
[
"Venus, Earth, Mercury, Mars",
"Earth, Mars, Venus, Mercury",
"Mars, Mercury, Earth, Venus",
"Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth"
] | 3D
|
Which lists the diameter of the planets in order from smallest to largest?
A. Venus, Earth, Mercury, Mars
B. Earth, Mars, Venus, Mercury
C. Mars, Mercury, Earth, Venus
D. Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth
|
D. Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth
|
Retrieved:
passed through different filters spectroscopy – study of the spectra of astronomical objects other disciplines that may be considered part of astronomy : archaeoastronomy astrochemistry = = history = = = = basic astronomical phenomena = = = = astronomical objects = = astronomical object = = = solar system = = = solar system geology of solar terrestrial planets list of solar system objects list of solar system objects by size galilean satellites halley's comet = = = = sun = = = = = = = = planets = = = = = = = = small solar system bodies = = = = = = = exoplanets = = = exoplanet ( also known as extrasolar planets ) – planet outside the solar system. a total of 4, 341 such planets have been identified as of 28 jan 2021. super - earth – exoplanet with a mass higher than earth's, but substantially below those of the solar system's ice giants. mini - neptune – also known as a gas dwarf or transitional planet. a planet up to 10 earth masses, but less massive than uranus and neptune. super - jupiter – an exoplanet more massive than jupiter. sub - earth – an exoplanet " substantially less massive " than earth and venus. circumbinary planet – an exoplanet that orbits two stars. hot jupiter – an exoplanet whose characteristics are similar to jupiter, but that have high surface temperatures because they orbit very close to their parent stars, whereas jupiter orbits its parent star ( the sun ) at 5. 2 au ( 780×106 km ), causing low surface temperatures. hot neptune – an exoplanet in an orbit close to its star ( normally less than one astronomical unit away ), with a mass similar to that of uranus or neptune. pulsar planet – a planet that orbits a pulsar or a rapidly rotating neutron star. rogue planet ( also known as an interstellar planet ) – a planetary - mass object that orbits the galaxy directly. = = = stars and stellar objects = = = fixed stars = = = = stars = = = = = = = = variable stars = = = = = = = = supernovae = = = = = = = = black holes = = = = = = = constellations = = = constellation constellation family = = = = the 88 modern constellations = = = = = = = = constellation history = = = = = = = = = the 48 constellations listed by ptolemy
Original Instruction:
Which lists the diameter of the planets in order from smallest to largest?
A. Venus, Earth, Mercury, Mars
B. Earth, Mars, Venus, Mercury
C. Mars, Mercury, Earth, Venus
D. Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth
|
||
Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly while you are trying to work or when your best friend does not wait for you after school? If you do,you need to take control of your feelings.Getting angry with others can cause you to 1ose friends. Gary Egeberg,an American high school teacher,has written _ to help you control your feelings.It tells how to stay cool when bad things happen. The book says that getting angry only makes problems worse.It can never make them better. "Getting angry is not a natural way to act,"the book says.It is just a bad habit,like smoking. The book says you can control your anger easily-all you have to do is to tell yourself not to be angry. The book gives many tips to help you if you get angry easily.Here are the top three. Keep a record.Every time you get angry,write down why you are angry.Look at it later and you will see you get angry too easily. Ask your friends to stop talking to you when you get angry.This will teach you not to be angry. Do something different.When you get angry,walk away from the problem and go somewhere else.Try to laugh. Gary Egeberg is someone who _ .
|
[
"knows how to control your feelings",
"makes a living by writing books",
"is fond of keeping wild animals",
"gets angry easily with his students"
] | 0A
|
Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly while you are trying to work or when your best friend does not wait for you after school? If you do,you need to take control of your feelings.Getting angry with others can cause you to 1ose friends. Gary Egeberg,an American high school teacher,has written _ to help you control your feelings.It tells how to stay cool when bad things happen. The book says that getting angry only makes problems worse.It can never make them better. "Getting angry is not a natural way to act,"the book says.It is just a bad habit,like smoking. The book says you can control your anger easily-all you have to do is to tell yourself not to be angry. The book gives many tips to help you if you get angry easily.Here are the top three. Keep a record.Every time you get angry,write down why you are angry.Look at it later and you will see you get angry too easily. Ask your friends to stop talking to you when you get angry.This will teach you not to be angry. Do something different.When you get angry,walk away from the problem and go somewhere else.Try to laugh. Gary Egeberg is someone who _ .
A. knows how to control your feelings
B. makes a living by writing books
C. is fond of keeping wild animals
D. gets angry easily with his students
|
A. knows how to control your feelings
|
Retrieved:
with high arousal, feelings of disapproval or dissatisfaction with some event, and the motivation to express that disapproval or take action against the source of dissatisfaction. given how emotional responses affect individual experience and behavior, researchers describe the intrapersonal function of specific emotions in terms of how they inform and prepare individuals to respond to a particular environmental challenge. for example, feeling anger usually informs individuals of something unjust in the environment, such as betrayal from a loved one, threats of physical violence from a bully, or corruption. anger is associated with blood flow in the body shifting away from internal organs towards the limbs, physiologically preparing individuals for movement towards the cause of anger. even when locomotion or physical confrontation is not required to address an unjust actor or event, the high arousal and emotional sensitivity associated with anger tend to motivate individuals to confront the issue. emotional responses tend to diminish once the emotion elicitor, or the environmental cause of the emotion, changes, suggesting that emotions at the individual level function to evoke some sort of action or behavior to address the elicitor. for example, anger typically diminishes following an apology or the perception that justice has been restored. = = = interpersonal functions = = = a crucial aspect of how emotions help individuals adaptively navigate the world is tied to their interpersonal functions, or how they influence social interactions and relationships. emotional expressions, such as a smile or a frown, are relatively involuntary, so they can provide a fairly reliable source of information about a person's emotions, beliefs, and intentions to those around them. the communication of such information is crucial for structuring social relationships, and for negotiation and cooperation within groups, because it conveys not only how people are thinking and feeling, but also how they are likely to behave. this information can in turn guide how other people think, feel, and behave towards those expressing their emotions. for example, emotional expressions can evoke complementary emotional responses, such as fear in response to anger, or guilt in response to disappointment. they can also evoke reciprocal emotions, such as empathy or love. thus, emotions play a crucial role in conveying valuable information in social interactions that can rapidly coordinate group behavior even in the absence of explicit verbal communication. given this communicative role of emotions, emotions facilitate learning by serving as incentives or deterrents for certain kinds of actions or behaviors. for example, when children see how their parents or friends emotionally respond to things they do, they learn what types of actions and behaviors are likely to
Original Instruction:
Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly while you are trying to work or when your best friend does not wait for you after school? If you do,you need to take control of your feelings.Getting angry with others can cause you to 1ose friends. Gary Egeberg,an American high school teacher,has written _ to help you control your feelings.It tells how to stay cool when bad things happen. The book says that getting angry only makes problems worse.It can never make them better. "Getting angry is not a natural way to act,"the book says.It is just a bad habit,like smoking. The book says you can control your anger easily-all you have to do is to tell yourself not to be angry. The book gives many tips to help you if you get angry easily.Here are the top three. Keep a record.Every time you get angry,write down why you are angry.Look at it later and you will see you get angry too easily. Ask your friends to stop talking to you when you get angry.This will teach you not to be angry. Do something different.When you get angry,walk away from the problem and go somewhere else.Try to laugh. Gary Egeberg is someone who _ .
A. knows how to control your feelings
B. makes a living by writing books
C. is fond of keeping wild animals
D. gets angry easily with his students
|
||
Believe it or not, if you do not use your arms or your legs for a long time, they become weak. When you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his fault. But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame, and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can't read or write but they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things; they cannot write them down in a little notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised. Some people can't read or write, but they usually have better memories, because _ .
|
[
"they have saved much trouble",
"they have saved much time to remember things",
"they can't write everything in a little notebook",
"they have to use their memories all the time"
] | 3D
|
Believe it or not, if you do not use your arms or your legs for a long time, they become weak. When you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his fault. But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame, and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can't read or write but they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things; they cannot write them down in a little notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised. Some people can't read or write, but they usually have better memories, because _ .
A. they have saved much trouble
B. they have saved much time to remember things
C. they can't write everything in a little notebook
D. they have to use their memories all the time
|
D. they have to use their memories all the time
|
Retrieved:
shown to increase memory functioning in patients based on self - report measures. another strategy for improvement amongst individuals with poor memory functioning is the use of elaboration to improve encoding of items, one form of this strategy is called self - imagining whereby the patient imagines the event to be recalled from a more personal perspective. self - imagining has been found to improve recognition memory by coding the event in a manner that is more individually salient to the subject. this effect has been found to improve recall in individuals with and without memory disorders. there is research evidence to suggest that rehabilitation programs that are geared toward the individual may have greater results than group - based interventions for improving memory in abi patients because they are tailored to the symptoms experienced by the individual. more research is necessary in order to draw conclusions on how to improve memory among individuals with abi that experience memory loss. = = special population = = = = = children = = = in children and youth with pediatric acquired brain injury the cognitive and emotional difficulties that stem from their injury can negatively impact their level of participation in home, school and other social situations, participation in structured events has been found to be especially hindered under these circumstances. involvement in social situations is important for the normal development of children as a means of gaining an understanding of how to effectively work together with others. furthermore, young people with abi are often reported as having insufficient problem solving skills. this has the potential to hinder their performance in various academic and social settings further. it is important for rehabilitation programs to deal with these challenges specific to children who have not fully developed at the time of their injury. = = notable cases = = there have been many popularized cases of various forms of abi such as : phineas gage's case of traumatic brain injury that greatly stimulated discussion on brain function and physiology henry molaison, formerly known as patient h. m., underwent neurosurgery to remove scar tissue in his brain that was causing debilitating epileptic seizures, neurosurgeon william beecher scoville performed the surgery which created bilateral lesions near the hippocampus. these lesions helped remove symptoms of the epilepsy in molaison but resulted in anterograde amnesia. molaison has been studied by hundreds of researchers since this time, most notably brenda milner, and has been greatly influential in the study of memory and the brain. zasetsky injured in the battle of smolensk, bullet entered his left parieto - occipital area and resulted in
Original Instruction:
Believe it or not, if you do not use your arms or your legs for a long time, they become weak. When you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his fault. But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame, and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can't read or write but they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things; they cannot write them down in a little notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised. Some people can't read or write, but they usually have better memories, because _ .
A. they have saved much trouble
B. they have saved much time to remember things
C. they can't write everything in a little notebook
D. they have to use their memories all the time
|
||
To get cash out in the 21st century, you won't need a bank card, a PIN or even have to move a finger. You will simply have to look the cash machine straight in the eye, declares National Cash Registers, a multinational company that makes automated teller machines, or ATMs. NCR has shown its first example machine that is believed to be the future of banking. Instead of asking you for your PIN on a screen, the Super Teller-Stella for short, asks you orally through a loudspeaker to look straight ahead while an infrared camera turns to your head, then your eye, and finally takes an infrared photograph of your iris . For identification purposes, an iris picture is better than a fingerprint, with around 256 noticeable characteristics compared with 40 for fingerprints. This means that the chances of someone else being recognized in your place is about 1 in 1020. Once you've been identified, Stella greets you by name and says: "Would you like cash or a statement?" An infrared port allows the machine to send a bank statement straight to your pocket computer. What does this passage mainly talk about?
|
[
"A new medical instrument",
"A new type of talking machine",
"A new type of cash machine",
"National Cash Register"
] | 2C
|
To get cash out in the 21st century, you won't need a bank card, a PIN or even have to move a finger. You will simply have to look the cash machine straight in the eye, declares National Cash Registers, a multinational company that makes automated teller machines, or ATMs. NCR has shown its first example machine that is believed to be the future of banking. Instead of asking you for your PIN on a screen, the Super Teller-Stella for short, asks you orally through a loudspeaker to look straight ahead while an infrared camera turns to your head, then your eye, and finally takes an infrared photograph of your iris . For identification purposes, an iris picture is better than a fingerprint, with around 256 noticeable characteristics compared with 40 for fingerprints. This means that the chances of someone else being recognized in your place is about 1 in 1020. Once you've been identified, Stella greets you by name and says: "Would you like cash or a statement?" An infrared port allows the machine to send a bank statement straight to your pocket computer. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. A new medical instrument
B. A new type of talking machine
C. A new type of cash machine
D. National Cash Register
|
C. A new type of cash machine
|
Retrieved:
across borders, enabling faster and more efficient communication between financial institutions. a significant milestone in electronic money movement came with the establishment of the fedwire funds service by the federal reserve banks in 1918. this early electronic funds transfer system used telegraph lines to facilitate secure transfers between member banks, marking one of the first instances of electronic money movement. the 1950s ushered in a new era of consumer financial services. diners club international introduced the first universal credit card in 1950, a pivotal moment that would reshape consumer spending and credit. this innovation paved the way for the launch of american express cards in 1958 and the bankamericard ( later visa ) in 1959, further expanding the credit card industry. = = = digital revolution = = = the 1960s and 1970s marked the beginning of the shift from analog to digital finance, with several groundbreaking developments shaping the future of financial technology. in 1967, barclays introduced the world's first atm in london, revolutionizing access to cash and basic banking services. inspired by vending machines, the atm marked a significant step towards self - service banking. financial technology infrastructure continued to evolve with the establishment of the inter - bank computer bureau in the uk in 1968. this development laid the groundwork for the country's first automated clearing house system, eventually evolving into bacs ( bankers'automated clearing services ) to facilitate electronic funds transfers between banks. the world of securities trading was transformed in 1971 with the establishment of nasdaq, the world's first digital stock exchange. nasdaq's electronic quotation system represented a significant leap forward from the traditional open outcry system used in stock exchanges. two years later, the founding of the swift ( society for worldwide interbank financial telecommunication ) standardized and secured communication between financial institutions globally. swift's messaging system became the global standard for international money and security transfers. the introduction of electronic fund transfer systems, such as the ach ( automated clearing house ) in the united states, facilitated faster and more efficient money transfers. the ach network allowed for direct deposits, payroll payments, and electronic bill payments, significantly reducing the need for paper checks. = = = rise of digital financial services = = = the 1980s and 1990s witnessed significant developments in financial technology, with the rise of digital financial services and the early stages of online banking. a major breakthrough came when michael bloomberg founded innovative market systems ( later bloomberg l. p. ) and introduced the bloomberg terminal. this innovation revolutionized how financial professionals accessed and analyzed market data, providing real - time financial market data, analytics,
Original Instruction:
To get cash out in the 21st century, you won't need a bank card, a PIN or even have to move a finger. You will simply have to look the cash machine straight in the eye, declares National Cash Registers, a multinational company that makes automated teller machines, or ATMs. NCR has shown its first example machine that is believed to be the future of banking. Instead of asking you for your PIN on a screen, the Super Teller-Stella for short, asks you orally through a loudspeaker to look straight ahead while an infrared camera turns to your head, then your eye, and finally takes an infrared photograph of your iris . For identification purposes, an iris picture is better than a fingerprint, with around 256 noticeable characteristics compared with 40 for fingerprints. This means that the chances of someone else being recognized in your place is about 1 in 1020. Once you've been identified, Stella greets you by name and says: "Would you like cash or a statement?" An infrared port allows the machine to send a bank statement straight to your pocket computer. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. A new medical instrument
B. A new type of talking machine
C. A new type of cash machine
D. National Cash Register
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A bowling ball with a mass of 8.0 kg rolls down a bowling lane at 2.0 m/s. What is the momentum of the bowling ball?
|
[
"4.0 kg x m/s",
"6.0 kg x m/s",
"10.0 kg x m/s",
"16.0 kg x m/s"
] | 3D
|
A bowling ball with a mass of 8.0 kg rolls down a bowling lane at 2.0 m/s. What is the momentum of the bowling ball?
A. 4.0 kg x m/s
B. 6.0 kg x m/s
C. 10.0 kg x m/s
D. 16.0 kg x m/s
|
D. 16.0 kg x m/s
|
Retrieved:
} } = m { \ frac { d ^ { 2 } \ mathbf { r } } { dt ^ { 2 } } }, \ end { aligned } } } where m is the ball's mass. here, a, v, r represent the ball's acceleration, velocity, and position over time t. = = = gravity = = = the gravitational force is directed downwards and is equal to f g = m g, { \ displaystyle f _ { \ text { g } } = mg, } where m is the mass of the ball, and g is the gravitational acceleration, which on earth varies between 9. 764 m / s2 and 9. 834 m / s2. because the other forces are usually small, the motion is often idealized as being only under the influence of gravity. if only the force of gravity acts on the ball, the mechanical energy will be conserved during its flight. in this idealized case, the equations of motion are given by a = − g j ^, v = v 0 + a t, r = r 0 + v 0 t + 1 2 a t 2, { \ displaystyle { \ begin { aligned } \ mathbf { a } & = - g \ mathbf { \ hat { j } }, \ \ \ mathbf { v } & = \ mathbf { v } _ { \ text { 0 } } + \ mathbf { a } t, \ \ \ mathbf { r } & = \ mathbf { r } _ { 0 } + \ mathbf { v } _ { 0 } t + { \ frac { 1 } { 2 } } \ mathbf { a } t ^ { 2 }, \ end { aligned } } } where a, v, and r denote the acceleration, velocity, and position of the ball, and v0 and r0 are the initial velocity and position of the ball, respectively. more specifically, if the ball is bounced at an angle θ with the ground, the motion in the x - and y - axes ( representing horizontal and vertical motion, respectively ) is described by the equations imply that the maximum height ( h ) and range ( r ) and time of flight ( t ) of a ball bouncing on a flat surface are given by h = v 0 2 2 g sin 2 ( θ ), r = v 0 2 g sin ( 2 θ ), and t = 2 v 0 g sin ( θ ). { \ displaystyle { \
Original Instruction:
A bowling ball with a mass of 8.0 kg rolls down a bowling lane at 2.0 m/s. What is the momentum of the bowling ball?
A. 4.0 kg x m/s
B. 6.0 kg x m/s
C. 10.0 kg x m/s
D. 16.0 kg x m/s
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||
It has been said that Lincoln was always ready to join in a laugh at himself. There is one particular story that he always told with great delight. In his early days as a lawyer, Lincoln went from town to town to hear and judge legal cases. During one of these trips, he was sitting in a train when a strange man came up to him. The stranger looked at the tall clumsy lawyer and said that he had something he believed belonging to Lincoln. Lincoln was a bit puzzled. He had never seen the man before. He didn't see how a total stranger could have something of his. Lincoln asked how this could be. The stranger pulled out a penknife and began to explain. Many years before, he had been given the pocketknife. He had been told to keep it until he was able to find a man uglier than himself. Lincoln's eyes always _ when he reached this part of the story. The story always brought smiles to the faces of those who heard it. The tale itself was funny. But even more delightful was the fact that a man as great as Lincoln could still laugh at himself. This passage is about _
|
[
"a stranger and his strange knife",
"Lincoln's favorite story",
"meeting stranger in a train",
"Lincoln's favorite penknife"
] | 1B
|
It has been said that Lincoln was always ready to join in a laugh at himself. There is one particular story that he always told with great delight. In his early days as a lawyer, Lincoln went from town to town to hear and judge legal cases. During one of these trips, he was sitting in a train when a strange man came up to him. The stranger looked at the tall clumsy lawyer and said that he had something he believed belonging to Lincoln. Lincoln was a bit puzzled. He had never seen the man before. He didn't see how a total stranger could have something of his. Lincoln asked how this could be. The stranger pulled out a penknife and began to explain. Many years before, he had been given the pocketknife. He had been told to keep it until he was able to find a man uglier than himself. Lincoln's eyes always _ when he reached this part of the story. The story always brought smiles to the faces of those who heard it. The tale itself was funny. But even more delightful was the fact that a man as great as Lincoln could still laugh at himself. This passage is about _
A. a stranger and his strange knife
B. Lincoln's favorite story
C. meeting stranger in a train
D. Lincoln's favorite penknife
|
B. Lincoln's favorite story
|
Retrieved:
##rb " who will bell the cat? " is from the end of a story about the mice planning how to be safe from the cat. some authors have created proverbs in their writings, such as j. r. r. tolkien, and some of these proverbs have made their way into broader society. similarly, c. s. lewis is credited for a proverb regarding a lobster in a pot, which he wrote about in his book series chronicles of narnia. in cases like this, deliberately created proverbs for fictional societies have become proverbs in real societies. in a fictional story set in a real society, the movie forrest gump introduced " life is like a box of chocolates " into broad society. in at least one case, it appears that a proverb deliberately created by one writer has been naively picked up and used by another who assumed it to be an established chinese proverb, ford madox ford having picked up a proverb from ernest bramah, " it would be hypocrisy to seek for the person of the sacred emperor in a low tea house. " the proverb with " a longer history than any other recorded proverb in the world ", going back to " around 1800 bc " is in a sumerian clay tablet, " the bitch by her acting too hastily brought forth the blind ". though many proverbs are ancient, they were all newly created at some point by somebody. sometimes it is easy to detect that a proverb is newly coined by a reference to something recent, such as the haitian proverb " the fish that is being microwaved doesn't fear the lightning ". similarly, there is a recent maltese proverb, wil - muturi, ferh u duluri " women and motorcycles are joys and griefs " ; the proverb is clearly new, but still formed as a traditional style couplet with rhyme. also, there is a proverb in the kafa language of ethiopia that refers to the forced military conscription of the 1980s, "... the one who hid himself lived to have children. " a mongolian proverb also shows evidence of recent origin, " a beggar who sits on gold ; foam rubber piled on edge. " another example of a proverb that is clearly recent is this from sesotho : " a mistake goes with the printer. " a political candidate in kenya popularised a new proverb in his 1995 campaign, chuth ber " immediacy is best "
Original Instruction:
It has been said that Lincoln was always ready to join in a laugh at himself. There is one particular story that he always told with great delight. In his early days as a lawyer, Lincoln went from town to town to hear and judge legal cases. During one of these trips, he was sitting in a train when a strange man came up to him. The stranger looked at the tall clumsy lawyer and said that he had something he believed belonging to Lincoln. Lincoln was a bit puzzled. He had never seen the man before. He didn't see how a total stranger could have something of his. Lincoln asked how this could be. The stranger pulled out a penknife and began to explain. Many years before, he had been given the pocketknife. He had been told to keep it until he was able to find a man uglier than himself. Lincoln's eyes always _ when he reached this part of the story. The story always brought smiles to the faces of those who heard it. The tale itself was funny. But even more delightful was the fact that a man as great as Lincoln could still laugh at himself. This passage is about _
A. a stranger and his strange knife
B. Lincoln's favorite story
C. meeting stranger in a train
D. Lincoln's favorite penknife
|
||
In the future your automobile will run on water instead of gas! You will be able to buy a supercomputer that fits in your pocket! You might even drive a flying car! For each prediction that has come true today, several others have missed by a mile. Many of these predictions didn't consider how people would want to use the technology. Or if people really needed it in their lives or not. Let's look at some predictions from the not - too - distant past. Robot Helpers Where's the robot in my kitchen? Nowhere, of course. And he's probably not coming anytime soon. Robots do exist today, but mostly in factories and other Manufacturing environments. Back in the 1950s, however, people said that by now personal robots would be in most people's home. So why hasn't happened? Probably because robots are still too expensive and Clumsy. And maybe the idea of robots cooking our dinners and washing our clothes is just too _ . At home we seem to be doing fine without them. Telephones of tomorrow? In 1964 an American company introduced the video telephone. They said by the year 2000 most people would have a video phone in their homes. But of course the idea hasn't caught on yet. Why? The technology worked fine, but it overlooked something obvious: peoples desire for privacy. Would you want to have a video phone conversation with someone after you just stepped out of the shower? Probably not - it could be embarrassing! Just because a technology is available doesn't always mean people will want to use it. And finally, how about that crazy prediction of the flying car? It's not so crazy anymore! But a flying car remains one of the most fascinating technology ideas to capture our imagination. Keep watching the news - or perhaps the sky outside your window - to see what the future will bring. What does the author think of the flying car?
|
[
"It is too difficult to imagine.",
"It is too crazy an idea.",
"It is likely to be made.",
"It is often reported in the news."
] | 2C
|
In the future your automobile will run on water instead of gas! You will be able to buy a supercomputer that fits in your pocket! You might even drive a flying car! For each prediction that has come true today, several others have missed by a mile. Many of these predictions didn't consider how people would want to use the technology. Or if people really needed it in their lives or not. Let's look at some predictions from the not - too - distant past. Robot Helpers Where's the robot in my kitchen? Nowhere, of course. And he's probably not coming anytime soon. Robots do exist today, but mostly in factories and other Manufacturing environments. Back in the 1950s, however, people said that by now personal robots would be in most people's home. So why hasn't happened? Probably because robots are still too expensive and Clumsy. And maybe the idea of robots cooking our dinners and washing our clothes is just too _ . At home we seem to be doing fine without them. Telephones of tomorrow? In 1964 an American company introduced the video telephone. They said by the year 2000 most people would have a video phone in their homes. But of course the idea hasn't caught on yet. Why? The technology worked fine, but it overlooked something obvious: peoples desire for privacy. Would you want to have a video phone conversation with someone after you just stepped out of the shower? Probably not - it could be embarrassing! Just because a technology is available doesn't always mean people will want to use it. And finally, how about that crazy prediction of the flying car? It's not so crazy anymore! But a flying car remains one of the most fascinating technology ideas to capture our imagination. Keep watching the news - or perhaps the sky outside your window - to see what the future will bring. What does the author think of the flying car?
A. It is too difficult to imagine.
B. It is too crazy an idea.
C. It is likely to be made.
D. It is often reported in the news.
|
C. It is likely to be made.
|
Retrieved:
conferences icra and iros. = = human factors = = = = = education and training = = = robotics engineers design robots, maintain them, develop new applications for them, and conduct research to expand the potential of robotics. robots have become a popular educational tool in some middle and high schools, particularly in parts of the usa, as well as in numerous youth summer camps, raising interest in programming, artificial intelligence, and robotics among students. = = = employment = = = robotics is an essential component in many modern manufacturing environments. as factories increase their use of robots, the number of robotics – related jobs grow and have been observed to be steadily rising. the employment of robots in industries has increased productivity and efficiency savings and is typically seen as a long - term investment for benefactors. a study found that 47 percent of us jobs are at risk to automation " over some unspecified number of years ". these claims have been criticized on the ground that social policy, not ai, causes unemployment. in a 2016 article in the guardian, stephen hawking stated " the automation of factories has already decimated jobs in traditional manufacturing, and the rise of artificial intelligence is likely to extend this job destruction deep into the middle classes, with only the most caring, creative or supervisory roles remaining ". the rise of robotics is thus often used as an argument for universal basic income. according to a globaldata september 2021 report, the robotics industry was worth $ 45bn in 2020, and by 2030, it will have grown at a compound annual growth rate ( cagr ) of 29 % to $ 568bn, driving jobs in robotics and related industries. = = = occupational safety and health implications = = = a discussion paper drawn up by eu - osha highlights how the spread of robotics presents both opportunities and challenges for occupational safety and health ( osh ). the greatest osh benefits stemming from the wider use of robotics should be substitution for people working in unhealthy or dangerous environments. in space, defense, security, or the nuclear industry, but also in logistics, maintenance, and inspection, autonomous robots are particularly useful in replacing human workers performing dirty, dull or unsafe tasks, thus avoiding workers'exposures to hazardous agents and conditions and reducing physical, ergonomic and psychosocial risks. for example, robots are already used to perform repetitive and monotonous tasks, to handle radioactive material or to work in explosive atmospheres. in the future, many other highly repetitive, risky or unpleasant tasks will be performed by robots in a variety of
Original Instruction:
In the future your automobile will run on water instead of gas! You will be able to buy a supercomputer that fits in your pocket! You might even drive a flying car! For each prediction that has come true today, several others have missed by a mile. Many of these predictions didn't consider how people would want to use the technology. Or if people really needed it in their lives or not. Let's look at some predictions from the not - too - distant past. Robot Helpers Where's the robot in my kitchen? Nowhere, of course. And he's probably not coming anytime soon. Robots do exist today, but mostly in factories and other Manufacturing environments. Back in the 1950s, however, people said that by now personal robots would be in most people's home. So why hasn't happened? Probably because robots are still too expensive and Clumsy. And maybe the idea of robots cooking our dinners and washing our clothes is just too _ . At home we seem to be doing fine without them. Telephones of tomorrow? In 1964 an American company introduced the video telephone. They said by the year 2000 most people would have a video phone in their homes. But of course the idea hasn't caught on yet. Why? The technology worked fine, but it overlooked something obvious: peoples desire for privacy. Would you want to have a video phone conversation with someone after you just stepped out of the shower? Probably not - it could be embarrassing! Just because a technology is available doesn't always mean people will want to use it. And finally, how about that crazy prediction of the flying car? It's not so crazy anymore! But a flying car remains one of the most fascinating technology ideas to capture our imagination. Keep watching the news - or perhaps the sky outside your window - to see what the future will bring. What does the author think of the flying car?
A. It is too difficult to imagine.
B. It is too crazy an idea.
C. It is likely to be made.
D. It is often reported in the news.
|
||
Empathy lets us feel another person's pain and drives us to help. Do any other animals feel empathy? Scientists recently found that rats do, too. Most people don't like rats. In many people's eyes, rats are only bad. But Jean Decety and his partners at the University of Chicago did an experiment. It showed that rats are kind, warm-hearted animals. They can feel each other's pain. Scientists placed pairs of rats in plastic cages for two weeks. During this time they got to know each other. Then they put one of the rats from each pair into a small container in the cages. The small container had a door. It was so designed as to fall to the side when the free rat touched it. Many of the trapped rats squeaked to show their discomfort. The other rats of the pairs could see their suffering friends clearly. In most pairs, the free rats would become very worried about their friends. They kept trying to save their friends again and again throughout the month. Scientists put the rats' favorite chocolate in the cages, but the rats didn't eat it until they had saved their friends successfully. Scientists also found that female rats seemed to act more empathetic than male rats. "The results are the first to show that rats take action in response to another's trouble," Decety said. "Monkeys and chimpanzees have similar behavior. But unlike those animals, rats can be ready used in laboratory studies. They will help us to learn which parts of the brain lead to empathy and helping behavior and whether empathy is natural." Which of the following animals were NOT mentioned in the passage?
|
[
"Monkeys.",
"Chimpanzees.",
"Rats.",
"Cats."
] | 3D
|
Empathy lets us feel another person's pain and drives us to help. Do any other animals feel empathy? Scientists recently found that rats do, too. Most people don't like rats. In many people's eyes, rats are only bad. But Jean Decety and his partners at the University of Chicago did an experiment. It showed that rats are kind, warm-hearted animals. They can feel each other's pain. Scientists placed pairs of rats in plastic cages for two weeks. During this time they got to know each other. Then they put one of the rats from each pair into a small container in the cages. The small container had a door. It was so designed as to fall to the side when the free rat touched it. Many of the trapped rats squeaked to show their discomfort. The other rats of the pairs could see their suffering friends clearly. In most pairs, the free rats would become very worried about their friends. They kept trying to save their friends again and again throughout the month. Scientists put the rats' favorite chocolate in the cages, but the rats didn't eat it until they had saved their friends successfully. Scientists also found that female rats seemed to act more empathetic than male rats. "The results are the first to show that rats take action in response to another's trouble," Decety said. "Monkeys and chimpanzees have similar behavior. But unlike those animals, rats can be ready used in laboratory studies. They will help us to learn which parts of the brain lead to empathy and helping behavior and whether empathy is natural." Which of the following animals were NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Monkeys.
B. Chimpanzees.
C. Rats.
D. Cats.
|
D. Cats.
|
Retrieved:
allowing visitors to observe the animals ’ behaviors up - close, witness their cognitive capacity in action, and observe differences in individual animals'preferences and behaviors. in their small - scale evaluation of a zoo - based nature preschool, ernst and budnik found that children ’ s levels of empathy towards both humans and animals increased over the course of the school year. for wild animals, they found significant increases in emotional sharing and empathic concern, but not in the cognitive ( perspective - taking ) component. = = = companion animals = = = khalid and naqvi found that individuals reporting strong " pet attachment " had higher levels of empathy. this finding was corroborated by daly and morton, who found that children who were highly attached to their pets were more empathic than those who were less attached. daly and morton also found that children who preferred both cats and dogs ( as opposed to one or the other ) — as well as those who owned both — were more empathic than those who preferred or owned only one. robert poresky found that children ’ s empathy towards other children was correlated with their empathy towards pets. he also found that children with a stronger pet bond scored higher on the measure of empathy towards other children. rothgerber and mican found that individuals who reported having a close relationship with animals subsequently avoided meat more than those who didn ’ t, and used indirect, apologetic justifications for the meat they did eat. both effects were mediated by empathy for animals. a growing body of research suggests that humane education programs, especially those involving human - animal interactions, facilitates the development of empathy in children. humane education programs can also be used as an effective strategy to combat school violence — reducing aggression towards both humans and animals. = = = farmed animals = = = psychologist melanie joy, who coined the term carnism, studies the psychology of eating meat and the “ meat paradox, ” which refers to the fact that most people simultaneously care about animals and consume them. a growing number of researchers are studying this phenomenon in attempt to understand what factors play a role in this paradox. piazza and colleagues identified what they refer to as the “ 4ns ” individuals use to justify meat consumption : necessary, natural, normal, and nice. research by loughnan and colleagues suggests that people who value masculinity, find dominance and inequality acceptable, view animals as highly dissimilar to humans, or think that animals cannot feel pain are more likely to eat meat. megan earle and colleagues found that providing visual reminders of the animal origins of meat
Original Instruction:
Empathy lets us feel another person's pain and drives us to help. Do any other animals feel empathy? Scientists recently found that rats do, too. Most people don't like rats. In many people's eyes, rats are only bad. But Jean Decety and his partners at the University of Chicago did an experiment. It showed that rats are kind, warm-hearted animals. They can feel each other's pain. Scientists placed pairs of rats in plastic cages for two weeks. During this time they got to know each other. Then they put one of the rats from each pair into a small container in the cages. The small container had a door. It was so designed as to fall to the side when the free rat touched it. Many of the trapped rats squeaked to show their discomfort. The other rats of the pairs could see their suffering friends clearly. In most pairs, the free rats would become very worried about their friends. They kept trying to save their friends again and again throughout the month. Scientists put the rats' favorite chocolate in the cages, but the rats didn't eat it until they had saved their friends successfully. Scientists also found that female rats seemed to act more empathetic than male rats. "The results are the first to show that rats take action in response to another's trouble," Decety said. "Monkeys and chimpanzees have similar behavior. But unlike those animals, rats can be ready used in laboratory studies. They will help us to learn which parts of the brain lead to empathy and helping behavior and whether empathy is natural." Which of the following animals were NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Monkeys.
B. Chimpanzees.
C. Rats.
D. Cats.
|
||
In America, parents tend to encourage their children to develop their potential to the fullest extent. Fathers and mothers frequently teach their children both ambition and the confidence necessary to work toward their goals. American parents are always active in concentrating on what their kids can do, not what they can't. As a result, millions of American boys and girls grow up hoping to become actors and athletes, diplomats and doctors. Many of them even want to become president. American parents often encourage their children to become involved in extra activities of all types at school, such as student government, sports and music. They believe that only through taking part in these activities can their children become mature young adults. As we all know, schoolwork is important. But parents should realize that the social skills their children learn form natural conversations with each other are as important as schoolwork and the skills they will need in the future work. What's more important in their work is that their children should have a sound knowledge of physics or the ability to communicate effectively. As a rule, Chinese parents don't educate their children about the same kind of ambition and confidence as Americans do, nor do they encourage the same level of participation in extra activities. Children are typically advised to study hard and pass exams. They have to spend a lot of time in doing much schoolwork every day. It is a great waste of time to do so. Now more and more Chinese parents have recognized that they should pay attention to developing the potential of their children. I hope that leaders in Chinese educational circles should take some measures to develop the potential of their children. I am very confident about it. From the passage, we know the American parents pay much more attention to _ .
|
[
"the social skills than Chinese parents",
"their children's studying hard and well",
"what their children want but they can't",
"extra activities than schoolwork"
] | 0A
|
In America, parents tend to encourage their children to develop their potential to the fullest extent. Fathers and mothers frequently teach their children both ambition and the confidence necessary to work toward their goals. American parents are always active in concentrating on what their kids can do, not what they can't. As a result, millions of American boys and girls grow up hoping to become actors and athletes, diplomats and doctors. Many of them even want to become president. American parents often encourage their children to become involved in extra activities of all types at school, such as student government, sports and music. They believe that only through taking part in these activities can their children become mature young adults. As we all know, schoolwork is important. But parents should realize that the social skills their children learn form natural conversations with each other are as important as schoolwork and the skills they will need in the future work. What's more important in their work is that their children should have a sound knowledge of physics or the ability to communicate effectively. As a rule, Chinese parents don't educate their children about the same kind of ambition and confidence as Americans do, nor do they encourage the same level of participation in extra activities. Children are typically advised to study hard and pass exams. They have to spend a lot of time in doing much schoolwork every day. It is a great waste of time to do so. Now more and more Chinese parents have recognized that they should pay attention to developing the potential of their children. I hope that leaders in Chinese educational circles should take some measures to develop the potential of their children. I am very confident about it. From the passage, we know the American parents pay much more attention to _ .
A. the social skills than Chinese parents
B. their children's studying hard and well
C. what their children want but they can't
D. extra activities than schoolwork
|
A. the social skills than Chinese parents
|
Retrieved:
exercised decision - making in the day - to - day life of the family. feng suggests that the implementation of the one - child policy and the resulting numbers of one - child families have greatly reduced the multigenerational family form and has weakened the central position of elders in the family. feng also suggests that the one - child policy has caused parents to spend less leisure time alone, and more leisure time with their children. feng writes, " [ t ] he children tend to rely more so on their parents as companions and to participate together in recreational activities. " he continues, " [ t ] his has promoted an equality in the parent - child relationship and has restricted to a certain extent the interactions of children with others. " in the one - child family, the core is the parent - child relationship and research suggests that the husband - wife relationship has been less emphasized and cultivated as a result. in china, the one - child policy has been associated with the term " little emperor ", which describes the perceived effects of parents focusing their attention exclusively on their only child. the term gained popularity as a way to suggest that only children may become " spoiled brats " due to the excess attention they receive from their parents. a study by cameron and colleagues explored this phenomenon, finding that the one - child policy had behavioral impacts on only children. the authors tested beijing youths born in several birth cohorts just before and just after the launch of the one - child policy using economic games designed to detect differences in desirable social behaviors like trust and altruism. the study found that only children in china were more likely to exhibit narcissistic and selfish behavior compared to those with siblings. the study also found that only children had higher levels of academic achievement, but lower levels of social competence and empathy. overall, these findings suggest that the one - child policy had unintended social and psychological consequences that may have lasting effects on chinese society as a whole. other scholarship supports that the " little emperor " phenomenon does exist. jiao and colleagues compared children between the ages of four and ten from urban and suburban areas of beijing using peer ratings of cooperativeness, leadership, and other desirable traits. when they analyzed a matched sample of only children and children with siblings from similar backgrounds, they reported constant patterns in which the only children were rated less positively. however, researchers chen and jin outline some of the arguably positive byproducts of this " little emperor " phenomenon. they suggest that, since only children receive more attention and resources from their parents, it can
Original Instruction:
In America, parents tend to encourage their children to develop their potential to the fullest extent. Fathers and mothers frequently teach their children both ambition and the confidence necessary to work toward their goals. American parents are always active in concentrating on what their kids can do, not what they can't. As a result, millions of American boys and girls grow up hoping to become actors and athletes, diplomats and doctors. Many of them even want to become president. American parents often encourage their children to become involved in extra activities of all types at school, such as student government, sports and music. They believe that only through taking part in these activities can their children become mature young adults. As we all know, schoolwork is important. But parents should realize that the social skills their children learn form natural conversations with each other are as important as schoolwork and the skills they will need in the future work. What's more important in their work is that their children should have a sound knowledge of physics or the ability to communicate effectively. As a rule, Chinese parents don't educate their children about the same kind of ambition and confidence as Americans do, nor do they encourage the same level of participation in extra activities. Children are typically advised to study hard and pass exams. They have to spend a lot of time in doing much schoolwork every day. It is a great waste of time to do so. Now more and more Chinese parents have recognized that they should pay attention to developing the potential of their children. I hope that leaders in Chinese educational circles should take some measures to develop the potential of their children. I am very confident about it. From the passage, we know the American parents pay much more attention to _ .
A. the social skills than Chinese parents
B. their children's studying hard and well
C. what their children want but they can't
D. extra activities than schoolwork
|
||
Strong winds have the ability to uproot large trees in a wooded area. Which of these organisms would most likely benefit from this change in a habitat?
|
[
"a bee colony that needs a hive",
"a bird that needs to build a nest",
"a squirrel that needs to find shelter",
"a plant that needs sunlight to grow"
] | 3D
|
Strong winds have the ability to uproot large trees in a wooded area. Which of these organisms would most likely benefit from this change in a habitat?
A. a bee colony that needs a hive
B. a bird that needs to build a nest
C. a squirrel that needs to find shelter
D. a plant that needs sunlight to grow
|
D. a plant that needs sunlight to grow
|
Retrieved:
to the soil as biomass burns. many plants and animals benefit from disturbance conditions. some species are particularly suited for exploiting recently disturbed sites. vegetation with the potential for rapid growth can quickly take advantage of the lack of competition. in the northeastern united states, shade - intolerant trees ( trees stenotopic to shade ) like pin cherry and aspen quickly fill in forest gaps created by fire or windstorm ( or human disturbance ). silver maple and eastern sycamore are similarly well adapted to floodplains. they are highly tolerant of standing water and will frequently dominate floodplains where other species are periodically wiped out. when a tree is blown over, gaps typically are filled with small herbaceous seedlings but, this is not always the case ; shoots from the fallen tree can develop and take over the gap. the sprouting ability can have major impacts on the plant population, plant populations that typically would have exploited the tree fall gap get over run and can not compete against the shoots of the fallen tree. species adaptation to disturbances is species specific but how each organism adapts affects all the species around them. another species well adapted to a particular disturbance is the jack pine in boreal forests exposed to crown fires. they, as well as some other pine species, have specialized serotinous cones that only open and disperse seeds with sufficient heat generated by fire. as a result, this species often dominates in areas where competition has been reduced by fire. species that are well adapted for exploiting disturbance sites are referred to as pioneers or early successional species. these shade - intolerant species are able to photosynthesize at high rates and as a result grow quickly. their fast growth is usually balanced by short life spans. furthermore, although these species often dominate immediately following a disturbance, they are unable to compete with shade - tolerant species later on and replaced by these species through succession. however these shifts may not reflect the progressive entry to the community of the taller long - lived forms, but instead, the gradual emergence and dominance of species that may have been present, but inconspicuous directly after the disturbance. disturbances have also been shown to be important facilitators of non - native plant invasions. while plants must deal directly with disturbances, many animals are not as immediately affected by them. most can successfully evade fires, and many thrive afterwards on abundant new growth on the forest floor. new conditions support a wider variety of plants, often rich in nutrients compared to pre - disturbance vegetation. the plants in turn support a variety of
Original Instruction:
Strong winds have the ability to uproot large trees in a wooded area. Which of these organisms would most likely benefit from this change in a habitat?
A. a bee colony that needs a hive
B. a bird that needs to build a nest
C. a squirrel that needs to find shelter
D. a plant that needs sunlight to grow
|
||
A person wants to get better acquainted with dogs, since they have a serious fear of them. This fear was probably
|
[
"scared",
"inherited",
"rare",
"learned"
] | 3D
|
A person wants to get better acquainted with dogs, since they have a serious fear of them. This fear was probably
A. scared
B. inherited
C. rare
D. learned
|
D. learned
|
Retrieved:
to communicate new information to her handlers. for example, after being asked what was wrong, washoe was able to indicate a feeling of sickness by signing " hurt " near her stomach. it was later shown that she had contracted an intestinal flu. in another, washoe had lost a toy and successfully told her handlers of its location and asked for them to retrieve it for her. the gardners'studies proved that primates are capable of language acquisition, as well as language development and expression of private information through the use of a language similar to human communication. = = model organisms = = = = = canines = = = famously used in ivan pavlov's classical conditioning experiments, members of the canine family have long been considered a primary model organism for comparative cognition studies. many other psychologists have utilized canines in their studies. c. l. morgan referred to his terrier tony when developing his cannon, and thorndike recreated his puzzle - box experiments with dogs as well. members of this family have been domesticated for much of human history, and in many instances the behaviors of humans have co - evolved alongside these domesticated dogs. it has been hypothesized that this evolutionary relationship between humans and dogs has contributed to the development of complex cognitive behaviors that can be used to study the unique cognitive abilities of canines. = = = felines = = = as another historical companion to humans, felines have co - evolved along with the human species. use of felines in the study of comparative cognition is most associated with the work of thorndike and his puzzle - boxes. = = = rodents = = = rodents such as various species of rats have been used in the experiments of b. f skinner, as well as others studying comparative cognition, due to the abundance of cognitive similarity between rodents and humans. it has been shown that rodents, specifically rats, and humans present similar memorization and mnemonic processes, as both humans and rodents display primacy and recency effects when tasked with the recollection of numbered items. there is also evidence to support that both rats and humans share similar attentional processes, as they are both able to demonstrate sustained, selective and divided attention. = = = corvids = = = corvids have received a lot of attention from the comparative cognition community in the twenty - first century, specifically the species of corvids known as new caledonian crows. several populations of this species, located on islands in the new caledonian archipelago have demonstrated the ability
Original Instruction:
A person wants to get better acquainted with dogs, since they have a serious fear of them. This fear was probably
A. scared
B. inherited
C. rare
D. learned
|
||
You may hear about earthquakes, but do you know what to do before, during and after an earthquake? Here is some advice for you: Before an earthquake It is necessary to prepare yourself and your family. All family members should know how to turn off gas, water and electricity and know useful telephone numbers ( doctor, hospital, police and 119 etc.). Never put heavy things over beds. During an earthquake It is important for each of you to stay calm. If you are indoors, quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong desk or table. The purpose is to protect yourself from falling things. Stay away from windows, large mirrors, heavy fumiture and so on. If you are cooking, turn off the gas. If you are outdoors, move to an open area like a playground. Move away from buildings, bridges and trees. If you are driving, stop the car as soon as possible, staying away from bridges and tall buildings, stay in your car. After an earthquake ONCE the shaking has stopped, DO NOT run out of the building at once. It is better to wait and leave when it is safe. Check around you and help the people who are in trouble. If your building is badly broken, you should leave it. If you smell or hear gas, get everyone outside and open windows and doors. If you can do it safely, turn off the gas. Report it to the gas company. When an earthquake happens, _ can help you deal with it.
|
[
"keeping quiet",
"staying calm",
"looking outside",
"moving indoors"
] | 1B
|
You may hear about earthquakes, but do you know what to do before, during and after an earthquake? Here is some advice for you: Before an earthquake It is necessary to prepare yourself and your family. All family members should know how to turn off gas, water and electricity and know useful telephone numbers ( doctor, hospital, police and 119 etc.). Never put heavy things over beds. During an earthquake It is important for each of you to stay calm. If you are indoors, quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong desk or table. The purpose is to protect yourself from falling things. Stay away from windows, large mirrors, heavy fumiture and so on. If you are cooking, turn off the gas. If you are outdoors, move to an open area like a playground. Move away from buildings, bridges and trees. If you are driving, stop the car as soon as possible, staying away from bridges and tall buildings, stay in your car. After an earthquake ONCE the shaking has stopped, DO NOT run out of the building at once. It is better to wait and leave when it is safe. Check around you and help the people who are in trouble. If your building is badly broken, you should leave it. If you smell or hear gas, get everyone outside and open windows and doors. If you can do it safely, turn off the gas. Report it to the gas company. When an earthquake happens, _ can help you deal with it.
A. keeping quiet
B. staying calm
C. looking outside
D. moving indoors
|
B. staying calm
|
Retrieved:
earthquake - resistant or aseismic structures are designed to protect buildings to some or greater extent from earthquakes. while no structure can be entirely impervious to earthquake damage, the goal of earthquake engineering is to erect structures that fare better during seismic activity than their conventional counterparts. according to building codes, earthquake - resistant structures are intended to withstand the largest earthquake of a certain probability that is likely to occur at their location. this means the loss of life should be minimized by preventing collapse of the buildings for rare earthquakes while the loss of the functionality should be limited for more frequent ones. to combat earthquake destruction, the only method available to ancient architects was to build their landmark structures to last, often by making them excessively stiff and strong. currently, there are several design philosophies in earthquake engineering, making use of experimental results, computer simulations and observations from past earthquakes to offer the required performance for the seismic threat at the site of interest. these range from appropriately sizing the structure to be strong and ductile enough to survive the shaking with an acceptable damage, to equipping it with base isolation or using structural vibration control technologies to minimize any forces and deformations. while the former is the method typically applied in most earthquake - resistant structures, important facilities, landmarks and cultural heritage buildings use the more advanced ( and expensive ) techniques of isolation or control to survive strong shaking with minimal damage. examples of such applications are the cathedral of our lady of the angels and the acropolis museum. = = trends and projects = = some of the new trends and / or projects in the field of earthquake engineering structures are presented. = = = building materials = = = based on studies in new zealand, relating to 2011 christchurch earthquakes, precast concrete designed and installed in accordance with modern codes performed well. according to the earthquake engineering research institute, precast panel buildings had good durability during the earthquake in armenia, compared to precast frame - panels. = = = earthquake shelter = = = one japanese construction company has developed a six - foot cubical shelter, presented as an alternative to earthquake - proofing an entire building. = = = concurrent shake - table testing = = = concurrent shake - table testing of two or more building models is a vivid, persuasive and effective way to validate earthquake engineering solutions experimentally. thus, two wooden houses built before adoption of the 1981 japanese building code were moved to e - defense for testing. one house was reinforced to enhance its seismic resistance, while the other one was not. these two models were
Original Instruction:
You may hear about earthquakes, but do you know what to do before, during and after an earthquake? Here is some advice for you: Before an earthquake It is necessary to prepare yourself and your family. All family members should know how to turn off gas, water and electricity and know useful telephone numbers ( doctor, hospital, police and 119 etc.). Never put heavy things over beds. During an earthquake It is important for each of you to stay calm. If you are indoors, quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong desk or table. The purpose is to protect yourself from falling things. Stay away from windows, large mirrors, heavy fumiture and so on. If you are cooking, turn off the gas. If you are outdoors, move to an open area like a playground. Move away from buildings, bridges and trees. If you are driving, stop the car as soon as possible, staying away from bridges and tall buildings, stay in your car. After an earthquake ONCE the shaking has stopped, DO NOT run out of the building at once. It is better to wait and leave when it is safe. Check around you and help the people who are in trouble. If your building is badly broken, you should leave it. If you smell or hear gas, get everyone outside and open windows and doors. If you can do it safely, turn off the gas. Report it to the gas company. When an earthquake happens, _ can help you deal with it.
A. keeping quiet
B. staying calm
C. looking outside
D. moving indoors
|
||
Mrs. Jackson was a rich woman. She had many friends. She liked cooking very much and she often invited her friends to her big house. One day, she invited some of her friends to lunch. She wanted very much to try a new way of cooking a fish, and she was very pleased with herself when the dish was ready. The fish was very hot, so she put it near the open window to make it cool. But five minutes later, when she came back for it, she was surprised to see her neighbor's cat, Mike, eating the fish. She was in time to stop the cat before it was too late. That afternoon everything was good and all her friends liked the fish very much. They talked until four o'clock. Then they said goodbye and left. At the end of that afternoon, when she was alone again, Mrs. Jackson was very tired but happy. She was sitting in the chair just near the window. Then through the window, she was surprised to see her neighbor's cat dead in the garden! Why, the fish must be bad! What would happen to her friends? She telephoned her family doctor at once. The doctor told her to call each of her friends to see him at the hospital. At last, the danger was over. Once again, Mrs. Jackson was alone in her chair in the sitting-room, still tired but no longer happy. Just then the telephone rang. It was her neighbor. "Oh, Mrs. Jackson, Mike is dead. He was killed by a car and put in your garden...". ,. Which is NOT true according to the passage?
|
[
"Mrs. Jackson had lots of friends.",
"One of her friends killed the cat.",
"Her friends enjoyed the fish very much.",
"All her friends were all right."
] | 1B
|
Mrs. Jackson was a rich woman. She had many friends. She liked cooking very much and she often invited her friends to her big house. One day, she invited some of her friends to lunch. She wanted very much to try a new way of cooking a fish, and she was very pleased with herself when the dish was ready. The fish was very hot, so she put it near the open window to make it cool. But five minutes later, when she came back for it, she was surprised to see her neighbor's cat, Mike, eating the fish. She was in time to stop the cat before it was too late. That afternoon everything was good and all her friends liked the fish very much. They talked until four o'clock. Then they said goodbye and left. At the end of that afternoon, when she was alone again, Mrs. Jackson was very tired but happy. She was sitting in the chair just near the window. Then through the window, she was surprised to see her neighbor's cat dead in the garden! Why, the fish must be bad! What would happen to her friends? She telephoned her family doctor at once. The doctor told her to call each of her friends to see him at the hospital. At last, the danger was over. Once again, Mrs. Jackson was alone in her chair in the sitting-room, still tired but no longer happy. Just then the telephone rang. It was her neighbor. "Oh, Mrs. Jackson, Mike is dead. He was killed by a car and put in your garden...". ,. Which is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Mrs. Jackson had lots of friends.
B. One of her friends killed the cat.
C. Her friends enjoyed the fish very much.
D. All her friends were all right.
|
B. One of her friends killed the cat.
|
Retrieved:
drover on one of the cattle boats that plied between london and mainland europe. whitechapel was close to the london docks, and usually such boats docked on thursday or friday and departed on saturday or sunday. the cattle boats were examined, but the dates of the murders did not coincide with a single boat's movements, and the transfer of a crewman between boats was also ruled out. at the end of october, robert anderson asked police surgeon thomas bond to give his opinion on the extent of the murderer's surgical skill and knowledge. the opinion offered by bond on the character of the " whitechapel murderer " is the earliest surviving offender profile. bond's assessment was based on his own examination of the most extensively mutilated victim and the post mortem notes from the four previous canonical murders. in his opinion the killer must have been a man of solitary habits, subject to " periodical attacks of homicidal and erotic mania ", with the character of the mutilations possibly indicating " satyriasis ". bond also stated that " the homicidal impulse may have developed from a revengeful or brooding condition of the mind, or that religious mania may have been the original disease but i do not think either hypothesis is likely ". handbook for coroners, police officials, military policemen was written by the austrian criminal jurist hans gross in 1893, and is generally acknowledged as the birth of the field of criminalistics. the work combined in one system fields of knowledge that had not been previously integrated, such as psychology and physical science, and which could be successfully used against crime. gross adapted some fields to the needs of criminal investigation, such as crime scene photography. he went on to found the institute of criminalistics in 1912, as part of the university of graz'law school. this institute was followed by many similar institutes all over the world. in 1909, archibald reiss founded the institut de police scientifique of the university of lausanne ( unil ), the first school of forensic science in the world. dr. edmond locard, became known as the " sherlock holmes of france ". he formulated the basic principle of forensic science : " every contact leaves a trace ", which became known as locard's exchange principle. in 1910, he founded what may have been the first criminal laboratory in the world, after persuading the police department of lyon ( france ) to give him two attic rooms and two assistants. symbolic of the newfound prestige of forensics and the use of reasoning in detective work
Original Instruction:
Mrs. Jackson was a rich woman. She had many friends. She liked cooking very much and she often invited her friends to her big house. One day, she invited some of her friends to lunch. She wanted very much to try a new way of cooking a fish, and she was very pleased with herself when the dish was ready. The fish was very hot, so she put it near the open window to make it cool. But five minutes later, when she came back for it, she was surprised to see her neighbor's cat, Mike, eating the fish. She was in time to stop the cat before it was too late. That afternoon everything was good and all her friends liked the fish very much. They talked until four o'clock. Then they said goodbye and left. At the end of that afternoon, when she was alone again, Mrs. Jackson was very tired but happy. She was sitting in the chair just near the window. Then through the window, she was surprised to see her neighbor's cat dead in the garden! Why, the fish must be bad! What would happen to her friends? She telephoned her family doctor at once. The doctor told her to call each of her friends to see him at the hospital. At last, the danger was over. Once again, Mrs. Jackson was alone in her chair in the sitting-room, still tired but no longer happy. Just then the telephone rang. It was her neighbor. "Oh, Mrs. Jackson, Mike is dead. He was killed by a car and put in your garden...". ,. Which is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Mrs. Jackson had lots of friends.
B. One of her friends killed the cat.
C. Her friends enjoyed the fish very much.
D. All her friends were all right.
|
||
At the end of my senior year of high school, I got a job working at a local coffee shop.I thought the job would be easy and stress-free.I pictured myself pouring the best coffees, making delicious doughnuts , and becoming friends with regular customers. I wasn't expecting the people with enormous orders, the women who complained that the coffee was much too creamy , or the men who wanted their iced coffees remade again and again until they reached perfection.I couldn't seem to please anyone. One rainy day, one of my regular customers came in looking upset.He said he felt like getting in bed, pulling the sheets up over his head, and staying there for a few years.I knew exactly how he felt. Before he left, I handed him a bag along with his iced coffee.He was surprised, since he hadn't ordered anything but coffee.I had given him his favorite type of droughnut. "It's on me," I told him."Have a nice day." He smiled and thanked me before heading back out into the rain. The next day, it was still raining.I spent my afternoon hanging out the window handing people their orders.I was completely wet and freezing cold.Worse, no one was tipping that day.Every time I looked into our empty tip jar, I grew more depressed. In the evening, the customer from the day before drove up to the window.He handed me a pink rose and a note.He said that not many people took time to care about others and he was glad there were still people like me in the world.With a friendly wave, he drove away. I ran to the back of the shop and read the note.It read: Christine, Thanks for being so sweet, kind and thoughtful yesterday.It is so nice to meet someone who's indeed nice.Please don't change your ways! Have a great day! -Hank After that, whenever I felt depressed or sick of coffee, I thought of Hank and his kindness.Then I would smile, hold my head up high, clear my throat and ask politely, "How can I help you?" The man felt thankful for the writer because _
|
[
"she was indeed kind to him in a time of need",
"she knew exactly how the man felt",
"she offered him coffee and food for free",
"she comforted him by sharing his pain"
] | 0A
|
At the end of my senior year of high school, I got a job working at a local coffee shop.I thought the job would be easy and stress-free.I pictured myself pouring the best coffees, making delicious doughnuts , and becoming friends with regular customers. I wasn't expecting the people with enormous orders, the women who complained that the coffee was much too creamy , or the men who wanted their iced coffees remade again and again until they reached perfection.I couldn't seem to please anyone. One rainy day, one of my regular customers came in looking upset.He said he felt like getting in bed, pulling the sheets up over his head, and staying there for a few years.I knew exactly how he felt. Before he left, I handed him a bag along with his iced coffee.He was surprised, since he hadn't ordered anything but coffee.I had given him his favorite type of droughnut. "It's on me," I told him."Have a nice day." He smiled and thanked me before heading back out into the rain. The next day, it was still raining.I spent my afternoon hanging out the window handing people their orders.I was completely wet and freezing cold.Worse, no one was tipping that day.Every time I looked into our empty tip jar, I grew more depressed. In the evening, the customer from the day before drove up to the window.He handed me a pink rose and a note.He said that not many people took time to care about others and he was glad there were still people like me in the world.With a friendly wave, he drove away. I ran to the back of the shop and read the note.It read: Christine, Thanks for being so sweet, kind and thoughtful yesterday.It is so nice to meet someone who's indeed nice.Please don't change your ways! Have a great day! -Hank After that, whenever I felt depressed or sick of coffee, I thought of Hank and his kindness.Then I would smile, hold my head up high, clear my throat and ask politely, "How can I help you?" The man felt thankful for the writer because _
A. she was indeed kind to him in a time of need
B. she knew exactly how the man felt
C. she offered him coffee and food for free
D. she comforted him by sharing his pain
|
A. she was indeed kind to him in a time of need
|
Retrieved:
the promises made to me when i was hired. so far my organization has done an excellent job of fulfilling its promises to me. i have not received everything promised to me in exchange for my contributions. my organization has broken many of its promises to me even though i've upheld my side of the deal. = = see also = = emotional exhaustion misplaced loyalty stress = = references = =
Original Instruction:
At the end of my senior year of high school, I got a job working at a local coffee shop.I thought the job would be easy and stress-free.I pictured myself pouring the best coffees, making delicious doughnuts , and becoming friends with regular customers. I wasn't expecting the people with enormous orders, the women who complained that the coffee was much too creamy , or the men who wanted their iced coffees remade again and again until they reached perfection.I couldn't seem to please anyone. One rainy day, one of my regular customers came in looking upset.He said he felt like getting in bed, pulling the sheets up over his head, and staying there for a few years.I knew exactly how he felt. Before he left, I handed him a bag along with his iced coffee.He was surprised, since he hadn't ordered anything but coffee.I had given him his favorite type of droughnut. "It's on me," I told him."Have a nice day." He smiled and thanked me before heading back out into the rain. The next day, it was still raining.I spent my afternoon hanging out the window handing people their orders.I was completely wet and freezing cold.Worse, no one was tipping that day.Every time I looked into our empty tip jar, I grew more depressed. In the evening, the customer from the day before drove up to the window.He handed me a pink rose and a note.He said that not many people took time to care about others and he was glad there were still people like me in the world.With a friendly wave, he drove away. I ran to the back of the shop and read the note.It read: Christine, Thanks for being so sweet, kind and thoughtful yesterday.It is so nice to meet someone who's indeed nice.Please don't change your ways! Have a great day! -Hank After that, whenever I felt depressed or sick of coffee, I thought of Hank and his kindness.Then I would smile, hold my head up high, clear my throat and ask politely, "How can I help you?" The man felt thankful for the writer because _
A. she was indeed kind to him in a time of need
B. she knew exactly how the man felt
C. she offered him coffee and food for free
D. she comforted him by sharing his pain
|
||
There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite s. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved. I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly _ the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics. It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive; I decided to wave back. From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time. The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug . I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car. I looked forward to the return journey. What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip?
|
[
"The friendly country people.",
"The mountains along the way.",
"The crowds of people in the streets.",
"The simple lunch served on the train."
] | 0A
|
There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite s. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved. I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly _ the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics. It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive; I decided to wave back. From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time. The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug . I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car. I looked forward to the return journey. What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip?
A. The friendly country people.
B. The mountains along the way.
C. The crowds of people in the streets.
D. The simple lunch served on the train.
|
A. The friendly country people.
|
Retrieved:
other major conurbations in the country such as penang island ( butterworth, bukit mertajam ), johor bahru ( skudai, pasir gudang ), ipoh ( simpang pulai ), kota melaka ( ayer keroh ), kuching ( petra jaya ) and alor setar ( anak bukit ). = = = russia = = = in russia, until recently, the term suburb refers to high - rise residential apartments which usually consist of two bedrooms, one bathroom, a kitchen and a living room. however, since the beginning of the 21st century in russia there has been a " cottage boom ", as a result of which a huge number of cottage villages appeared in almost every city of the country ( including moscow ), no different from the suburbs in western countries. = = = united kingdom = = = in the united kingdom suburbs are located between the exurbs and inner cities of a metropolitan area. the growth in the use of trains, and later cars and highways, increased the ease with which workers could have a job in the city while commuting in from the suburbs. in the united kingdom, as mentioned above, railways stimulated the first mass exodus to the suburbs. the metropolitan railway, for example, was active in building and promoting its own housing estates in the north - west of london, consisting mostly of detached houses on large plots, which it then marketed as " metro - land ". in the uk, the government is seeking to impose minimum densities on newly approved housing schemes in parts of south east england. the goal is to " build sustainable communities " rather than housing estates. however, commercial concerns tend to delay the opening of services until a large number of residents have occupied the new neighborhood. = = = united states = = = many white people moved to the suburbs during the white flight. in the 19th century, horse - drawn and later electric trolleys enabled the creation of streetcar suburbs, which expanded the area in which city commuters could live. these are typically medium - density neighborhoods contiguous with the core urban area, built for pedestrian access to the streetcar lines. with widespread adoption of the automobile progressing from the 1920s to the 1950s, and especially with the introduction of the interstate highway system, new suburbs were designed around car transport instead of pedestrians. over time, many suburban areas, especially those not within the political boundaries of the city containing the central business area, began to see independence from the central city as an asset. in some cases, suburban
Original Instruction:
There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite s. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved. I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly _ the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics. It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive; I decided to wave back. From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time. The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug . I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car. I looked forward to the return journey. What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip?
A. The friendly country people.
B. The mountains along the way.
C. The crowds of people in the streets.
D. The simple lunch served on the train.
|
||
When the man's wife died, their youngest baby was 2 years old. They had six other children -- three boys and three girls, aged from 4 to 16. The man's parents and his wife's parents came to visit. "We've been talking about how to make this work," they said. "There's no way you can take care of all these children and work to make a living. So, we've decided to place each child with a different uncle and aunt." The man refused. Over the next few weeks, he moved the family to a tiny town and opened a small business. His business developed quickly. He was happy to see people and serve them. He became popular with people for his pleasant personality and excellent customer service. People came from far away to do business with him. And the children helped both at home and at work. The children grew up and got married. Five of the seven went off to college. The children's success was a source of pride to the father. Then came grandchildren. No one enjoyed grandchildren more than this man. As they became toddlers , he invited them to his workplace and his small home. They brought each other great joy. Finally, the youngest daughter, who was 2 years old when the mother died, got married. With his life's work done, the father died. This man's work had been the lonely but joyful task of raising his family. This man was my father. I was the 16-year-old, the oldest of seven. ,. (5,2,10) The man's parents and his wife's parents came to his house to _ .
|
[
"suggest placing each child with a different aunt and uncle",
"talk about finding a new wife for him",
"give him money to support the family",
"help take good care of his children"
] | 0A
|
When the man's wife died, their youngest baby was 2 years old. They had six other children -- three boys and three girls, aged from 4 to 16. The man's parents and his wife's parents came to visit. "We've been talking about how to make this work," they said. "There's no way you can take care of all these children and work to make a living. So, we've decided to place each child with a different uncle and aunt." The man refused. Over the next few weeks, he moved the family to a tiny town and opened a small business. His business developed quickly. He was happy to see people and serve them. He became popular with people for his pleasant personality and excellent customer service. People came from far away to do business with him. And the children helped both at home and at work. The children grew up and got married. Five of the seven went off to college. The children's success was a source of pride to the father. Then came grandchildren. No one enjoyed grandchildren more than this man. As they became toddlers , he invited them to his workplace and his small home. They brought each other great joy. Finally, the youngest daughter, who was 2 years old when the mother died, got married. With his life's work done, the father died. This man's work had been the lonely but joyful task of raising his family. This man was my father. I was the 16-year-old, the oldest of seven. ,. (5,2,10) The man's parents and his wife's parents came to his house to _ .
A. suggest placing each child with a different aunt and uncle
B. talk about finding a new wife for him
C. give him money to support the family
D. help take good care of his children
|
A. suggest placing each child with a different aunt and uncle
|
Retrieved:
exercised decision - making in the day - to - day life of the family. feng suggests that the implementation of the one - child policy and the resulting numbers of one - child families have greatly reduced the multigenerational family form and has weakened the central position of elders in the family. feng also suggests that the one - child policy has caused parents to spend less leisure time alone, and more leisure time with their children. feng writes, " [ t ] he children tend to rely more so on their parents as companions and to participate together in recreational activities. " he continues, " [ t ] his has promoted an equality in the parent - child relationship and has restricted to a certain extent the interactions of children with others. " in the one - child family, the core is the parent - child relationship and research suggests that the husband - wife relationship has been less emphasized and cultivated as a result. in china, the one - child policy has been associated with the term " little emperor ", which describes the perceived effects of parents focusing their attention exclusively on their only child. the term gained popularity as a way to suggest that only children may become " spoiled brats " due to the excess attention they receive from their parents. a study by cameron and colleagues explored this phenomenon, finding that the one - child policy had behavioral impacts on only children. the authors tested beijing youths born in several birth cohorts just before and just after the launch of the one - child policy using economic games designed to detect differences in desirable social behaviors like trust and altruism. the study found that only children in china were more likely to exhibit narcissistic and selfish behavior compared to those with siblings. the study also found that only children had higher levels of academic achievement, but lower levels of social competence and empathy. overall, these findings suggest that the one - child policy had unintended social and psychological consequences that may have lasting effects on chinese society as a whole. other scholarship supports that the " little emperor " phenomenon does exist. jiao and colleagues compared children between the ages of four and ten from urban and suburban areas of beijing using peer ratings of cooperativeness, leadership, and other desirable traits. when they analyzed a matched sample of only children and children with siblings from similar backgrounds, they reported constant patterns in which the only children were rated less positively. however, researchers chen and jin outline some of the arguably positive byproducts of this " little emperor " phenomenon. they suggest that, since only children receive more attention and resources from their parents, it can
Original Instruction:
When the man's wife died, their youngest baby was 2 years old. They had six other children -- three boys and three girls, aged from 4 to 16. The man's parents and his wife's parents came to visit. "We've been talking about how to make this work," they said. "There's no way you can take care of all these children and work to make a living. So, we've decided to place each child with a different uncle and aunt." The man refused. Over the next few weeks, he moved the family to a tiny town and opened a small business. His business developed quickly. He was happy to see people and serve them. He became popular with people for his pleasant personality and excellent customer service. People came from far away to do business with him. And the children helped both at home and at work. The children grew up and got married. Five of the seven went off to college. The children's success was a source of pride to the father. Then came grandchildren. No one enjoyed grandchildren more than this man. As they became toddlers , he invited them to his workplace and his small home. They brought each other great joy. Finally, the youngest daughter, who was 2 years old when the mother died, got married. With his life's work done, the father died. This man's work had been the lonely but joyful task of raising his family. This man was my father. I was the 16-year-old, the oldest of seven. ,. (5,2,10) The man's parents and his wife's parents came to his house to _ .
A. suggest placing each child with a different aunt and uncle
B. talk about finding a new wife for him
C. give him money to support the family
D. help take good care of his children
|
||
Can you swim? Do you like swimming? Well, how can you learn to swim? I think the best way is to go into the water and learn. I'm afraid you'll never learn to swim just by reading books about Swimming or looking at others swimming. It's the same with the English study. We must practice, practice and practice. Listening and speaking are very important for beginners. We can listen to English programs on radio. You may just understand a few words. It doesn't matter. Just be relaxed, try to catch every word. Somebody may be a good listener, but he is afraid to speak because he's afraid of making mistakes. You know we sometimes make mistakes when we speak Chinese. Don't be afraid. We must be brave. If you really want to learn English well, you must try to speak with everyone as long as he knows English. When there's nobody to talk with, you can talk to yourself in English. It's interesting and also a good way to practice your spoken English. Remember, the more you speak, the fewer mistakes you'll make. Reading and writing are more important for senior school students. First we must choose the books we're interested in. A lot of reading will improve your language sense. This is very important. It's easier said than done. Well, let's do more practice from now on. I'm sure you'll learn English well in this way. ,A, B, C, D,. (10) What's the best way to learn to swim?
|
[
"Reading books about swimming.",
"looking at others swimming.",
"Going into the water and learning.",
"Listening to others' advice."
] | 2C
|
Can you swim? Do you like swimming? Well, how can you learn to swim? I think the best way is to go into the water and learn. I'm afraid you'll never learn to swim just by reading books about Swimming or looking at others swimming. It's the same with the English study. We must practice, practice and practice. Listening and speaking are very important for beginners. We can listen to English programs on radio. You may just understand a few words. It doesn't matter. Just be relaxed, try to catch every word. Somebody may be a good listener, but he is afraid to speak because he's afraid of making mistakes. You know we sometimes make mistakes when we speak Chinese. Don't be afraid. We must be brave. If you really want to learn English well, you must try to speak with everyone as long as he knows English. When there's nobody to talk with, you can talk to yourself in English. It's interesting and also a good way to practice your spoken English. Remember, the more you speak, the fewer mistakes you'll make. Reading and writing are more important for senior school students. First we must choose the books we're interested in. A lot of reading will improve your language sense. This is very important. It's easier said than done. Well, let's do more practice from now on. I'm sure you'll learn English well in this way. ,A, B, C, D,. (10) What's the best way to learn to swim?
A. Reading books about swimming.
B. looking at others swimming.
C. Going into the water and learning.
D. Listening to others' advice.
|
C. Going into the water and learning.
|
Retrieved:
all affect the likelihood of language attrition in individuals, but an additional factor is the method of language learning and how that affects the possibility of language attrition. therefore, strategies in the classroom and any other learning environment become an important part of preventing language attrition. many researchers believe that language production skills, specifically writing and speaking, are significantly more susceptible to attrition than receptive skills, like listening and reading. under this belief, one method of prevention would be to focus on literacy and receptive learning in the classroom, rather than teach students primarily to speak and write. this protects against attrition as it solidifies receptive skills. another method is to encourage homework and practice that is not mechanical, but instead engaging and opportunistic, using high frequency items the most. basic repetition and learning low frequency patterns and items are more susceptible to attrition, as students are unable to practice as opportunities arise and use high frequency items. this is detrimental as the language is not learned in a meaningful way that reinforces cognitive understanding. conversational - style homework and classroom settings, along with focuses on receptive skills, could make one's fluency less susceptible to attrition. another potential method of prevention is to alter the duration of instruction for a new language. according to bardovi - harlig and stringer, a few months of intensive, engaging learning may have a greater impact on preventing attrition rather than years of traditional, mechanical learning. however, the initial stage of learning is argued to be important regardless of the duration of instruction. = = see also = = cultural cringe decreolization dialect levelling extinct language linguistic imperialism multilingualism prestige language second language attrition semi - speaker = = references = = = = bibliography = = one language or two? : answers to questions about bilingualism in language - delayed and typically developing children akinci, m. - a. ( n. d. ). pratiques langagieres et representations subjectives de la vitalite ethnolinguistique des immigres turcs en france. ( retrieved from the internet 2004 / 11 / 08 ). ammerlaan, t. ( 1996 ). " you get a bit wobbly... " – exploring bilingual lexical retrieval processes in the context of first language attrition. unpublished doctoral dissertation, nijmegen : katholieke universiteit nijmegen. ben - rafael, m. & schmid,
Original Instruction:
Can you swim? Do you like swimming? Well, how can you learn to swim? I think the best way is to go into the water and learn. I'm afraid you'll never learn to swim just by reading books about Swimming or looking at others swimming. It's the same with the English study. We must practice, practice and practice. Listening and speaking are very important for beginners. We can listen to English programs on radio. You may just understand a few words. It doesn't matter. Just be relaxed, try to catch every word. Somebody may be a good listener, but he is afraid to speak because he's afraid of making mistakes. You know we sometimes make mistakes when we speak Chinese. Don't be afraid. We must be brave. If you really want to learn English well, you must try to speak with everyone as long as he knows English. When there's nobody to talk with, you can talk to yourself in English. It's interesting and also a good way to practice your spoken English. Remember, the more you speak, the fewer mistakes you'll make. Reading and writing are more important for senior school students. First we must choose the books we're interested in. A lot of reading will improve your language sense. This is very important. It's easier said than done. Well, let's do more practice from now on. I'm sure you'll learn English well in this way. ,A, B, C, D,. (10) What's the best way to learn to swim?
A. Reading books about swimming.
B. looking at others swimming.
C. Going into the water and learning.
D. Listening to others' advice.
|
||
Once upon a time all feelings went to an island for a vacation, and each was having a good time. Suddenly, a warning of a strong storm was announced ,so all rushed to their boats. Yet, Love did not wish to run away quickly. There was so much to do. But as the clouds darkened, Love realized it was time to leave. But there were no boats to spare. Love looked around with hope. Just then Richness was passing by Love in a grand boat. Love shouted, "Richness, can you take me with you?" Richness answered, "No, I can't. There is a lot of gold and silver in my boat. There is no place here for you." Love decided to ask Vanity who was also passing by in a beautiful boat for help, But Vanity said with a cold voice, "No, I can't take you with me. My boat will get dirty with your mummy feet." Sorrow passed by after some time. Again, Love asked for help. But it was useless. "No, I can't take you with me. I am so sad. I want to be by myself." When Happiness passed by a few minutes later, Love again called for help. But Happiness was so happy that it hardly concerned about anyone else. Love was growing restless and hopeless. Just then somebody called out, "Come, Love, I will take you with me." Love did not know who was being so kind, but jumped onto the boat happily. After getting off the boat, Love met Knowledge. Love asked, "Knowledge, do you know who was so kind to give me a lift when no one else wished to help?" Knowledge smiled, "Oh, that was Time," "Time?" asked Love. "But why did Time help me?" Knowledge smiled with deep wisdom and answered, "Because only Time is capable of understanding how valuable Love is." Which word has the same meaning as "Sorrow"?
|
[
"Worry",
"Anger",
"Sadness",
"Smile"
] | 2C
|
Once upon a time all feelings went to an island for a vacation, and each was having a good time. Suddenly, a warning of a strong storm was announced ,so all rushed to their boats. Yet, Love did not wish to run away quickly. There was so much to do. But as the clouds darkened, Love realized it was time to leave. But there were no boats to spare. Love looked around with hope. Just then Richness was passing by Love in a grand boat. Love shouted, "Richness, can you take me with you?" Richness answered, "No, I can't. There is a lot of gold and silver in my boat. There is no place here for you." Love decided to ask Vanity who was also passing by in a beautiful boat for help, But Vanity said with a cold voice, "No, I can't take you with me. My boat will get dirty with your mummy feet." Sorrow passed by after some time. Again, Love asked for help. But it was useless. "No, I can't take you with me. I am so sad. I want to be by myself." When Happiness passed by a few minutes later, Love again called for help. But Happiness was so happy that it hardly concerned about anyone else. Love was growing restless and hopeless. Just then somebody called out, "Come, Love, I will take you with me." Love did not know who was being so kind, but jumped onto the boat happily. After getting off the boat, Love met Knowledge. Love asked, "Knowledge, do you know who was so kind to give me a lift when no one else wished to help?" Knowledge smiled, "Oh, that was Time," "Time?" asked Love. "But why did Time help me?" Knowledge smiled with deep wisdom and answered, "Because only Time is capable of understanding how valuable Love is." Which word has the same meaning as "Sorrow"?
A. Worry
B. Anger
C. Sadness
D. Smile
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C. Sadness
|
Retrieved:
put to sea by night to set off to their country. = = = apsyrtus = = = medea was attended by her brother apsyrtus when they escaped from colchis. when he discovered the daring deeds done by medea, he started off in pursuit of the ship. medea noticed her brother's ship and murdered him. then, she cut his body limb from limb and threw the pieces into the deep. gathering his child's limbs, aeetes fell behind in the pursuit ; wherefore he turned back, and, having buried the rescued limbs of his child, he called the place tomi. he sent out many of the colchians to search for the argo, threatening that if they did not bring medea to him, they should suffer the punishment due to her ; so they separated and pursued the search in diverse places. when the argonauts were already sailing past the eridanus river, zeus, in his anger at the murder of apsyrtus, sent a furious storm upon them which drove them out of their course. and, as they were sailing past the apsyrtides islands, the ship spoke, saying that the wrath of zeus would not cease unless they journeyed to ausonia and were purified by circe for the murder of apsyrtus. so when they had sailed past the ligurian and celtic nations and had voyaged through the sardinian sea, they skirted tyrrhenia and came to aeaea, where they supplicated circe and were purified. = = = sirens = = = as the argonauts sailed past the sirens, orpheus restrained them by chanting a counter - melody. butes alone swam off to the sirens, but aphrodite carried him away and settled him in lilybaion. after the sirens, the ship encountered charybdis and scylla and the wandering rocks, above which a great flame and smoke were seen rising. thetis with the nereids steered the ship safely through them at the summons of hera. = = = phaeacians = = = having passed by the island of thrinacia, where are the kine of the sun, they came to corcyra, the island of the phaeacians, of which alcinous was king. but when the colchians could not find the ship, some of them settled at the ceraunian mountains, and some journeyed to illyria and
Original Instruction:
Once upon a time all feelings went to an island for a vacation, and each was having a good time. Suddenly, a warning of a strong storm was announced ,so all rushed to their boats. Yet, Love did not wish to run away quickly. There was so much to do. But as the clouds darkened, Love realized it was time to leave. But there were no boats to spare. Love looked around with hope. Just then Richness was passing by Love in a grand boat. Love shouted, "Richness, can you take me with you?" Richness answered, "No, I can't. There is a lot of gold and silver in my boat. There is no place here for you." Love decided to ask Vanity who was also passing by in a beautiful boat for help, But Vanity said with a cold voice, "No, I can't take you with me. My boat will get dirty with your mummy feet." Sorrow passed by after some time. Again, Love asked for help. But it was useless. "No, I can't take you with me. I am so sad. I want to be by myself." When Happiness passed by a few minutes later, Love again called for help. But Happiness was so happy that it hardly concerned about anyone else. Love was growing restless and hopeless. Just then somebody called out, "Come, Love, I will take you with me." Love did not know who was being so kind, but jumped onto the boat happily. After getting off the boat, Love met Knowledge. Love asked, "Knowledge, do you know who was so kind to give me a lift when no one else wished to help?" Knowledge smiled, "Oh, that was Time," "Time?" asked Love. "But why did Time help me?" Knowledge smiled with deep wisdom and answered, "Because only Time is capable of understanding how valuable Love is." Which word has the same meaning as "Sorrow"?
A. Worry
B. Anger
C. Sadness
D. Smile
|
||
For my grandmother's 70th birthday, my family and I visited South Korea. While there, I was attentive to Korean high schools and students. I was surprised by how different Korea's public high schools are from America's. Korean high schools can be all-girls, all-boys or co-ed unlike our standard co-ed high schools. There are three grades: "go 1" (10th), "go 2" (11th) and "go 3" (12th). ''Go" is the first syllable of the word "go-deung-hakkyo", which, simply translated, is "high school". In America, unless you want to go to a private school, you don't have to take an entrance exam. In Korea, however, students must take a test to get in because of the many choices of schools. Another difference I couldn't help but notice was the students' appearance. With very few exceptions, all wear uniforms. A name tag with the student's name, grade and homeroom number must also be worn. Girl's skirts can't be above the upper part of the knee, and it is forbidden to dye your hair or wear accessories except small earrings. There are strict regulations for appearance to achieve neatness, and it seems the only freedom students have is with their choices of hair style, socks and shoes. The final difference was the _ of the classes. There may be 40 students in a classroom, but the number can be less or even more, depending on the population of the town or city. Although there are many students per classroom, they are very close, which I think is a result of not changing classrooms for different subjects. There are no levels in the subjects and the teachers are the ones who switch classrooms. They just have ten-minute breaks between subjects. In each class, students are ranked by their grades. This causes strict competition, and Korean students do a lot of studying. To help them, all schools have extra study classes after school. One other fact that helped me appreciate living in America is that Koreans have school on Saturdays. Although it's only a half day, I think I speak for most Americans when I say we could never imagine ourselves in school on a Saturday. Korea's public high schools are clearly different from America's. I had imagined them to be just like our schools, but now I have a clear picture of how different they are. It seems that the writer _ .
|
[
"is familiar with the education system of high schools in Korea",
"is fond of Korean students' appearance",
"prefers the high school life of America to the one of Korea",
"feels it common to have lessons on weekends"
] | 2C
|
For my grandmother's 70th birthday, my family and I visited South Korea. While there, I was attentive to Korean high schools and students. I was surprised by how different Korea's public high schools are from America's. Korean high schools can be all-girls, all-boys or co-ed unlike our standard co-ed high schools. There are three grades: "go 1" (10th), "go 2" (11th) and "go 3" (12th). ''Go" is the first syllable of the word "go-deung-hakkyo", which, simply translated, is "high school". In America, unless you want to go to a private school, you don't have to take an entrance exam. In Korea, however, students must take a test to get in because of the many choices of schools. Another difference I couldn't help but notice was the students' appearance. With very few exceptions, all wear uniforms. A name tag with the student's name, grade and homeroom number must also be worn. Girl's skirts can't be above the upper part of the knee, and it is forbidden to dye your hair or wear accessories except small earrings. There are strict regulations for appearance to achieve neatness, and it seems the only freedom students have is with their choices of hair style, socks and shoes. The final difference was the _ of the classes. There may be 40 students in a classroom, but the number can be less or even more, depending on the population of the town or city. Although there are many students per classroom, they are very close, which I think is a result of not changing classrooms for different subjects. There are no levels in the subjects and the teachers are the ones who switch classrooms. They just have ten-minute breaks between subjects. In each class, students are ranked by their grades. This causes strict competition, and Korean students do a lot of studying. To help them, all schools have extra study classes after school. One other fact that helped me appreciate living in America is that Koreans have school on Saturdays. Although it's only a half day, I think I speak for most Americans when I say we could never imagine ourselves in school on a Saturday. Korea's public high schools are clearly different from America's. I had imagined them to be just like our schools, but now I have a clear picture of how different they are. It seems that the writer _ .
A. is familiar with the education system of high schools in Korea
B. is fond of Korean students' appearance
C. prefers the high school life of America to the one of Korea
D. feels it common to have lessons on weekends
|
C. prefers the high school life of America to the one of Korea
|
Retrieved:
from the previous year of 1, 028 students. of this demographic, 8. 5 % students were black, 2. 5 % were asian, 0. 8 % were filipino, 84. 4 % were hispanic / latino, and 0. 1 % percent were pacific islander. = = academics = = in 2001, it was reported that the school had the only full - time korean language classes in lausd. as of that year, there were over 100 students in these classes, and 80 % of them were not of korean heritage. = = = graduation requirements = = = as of the 2023 – 2024 school year, the school requires four years in english, three years in social studies, three years in mathematics, two years in laboratory science, two years of a language other than english, one year of a college preparatory elective, two years in physical education, and one semester of health. non - course requirements are service learning and a career pathway. = = = advanced placement program = = = students are accepted into the advanced placement program and individual advanced placement classes based on faculty and counselor recommendations. a student may be admitted into an ap class by request if the ap instructor has approved the request. biology calculus ab and bc chemistry english language and composition english literature and composition environmental science macroeconomics microeconomics physics c : mechanics psychology spanish language spanish literature statistics studio art drawing, 2 - d, and 3 - d united states history united states government and politics = = = english learners and standard english learners program = = = the focus of this program is the implementation of the lausd 2018 master plan for english learners and standard english learners with fidelity, so that student achievement is realized. during 2018 – 2019 school year 19 % of the total student enrollment are students identified as english learners, and 23 % are students classified as aea probable standard english learners. at lahs all content teachers use eld standards. the plds ( proficiency level descriptors ) represent english language development as a part of a continuum from native language competencies to lifelong language learning. the ca eld standards are organized in two main sections : section 1 provides a foundation for an orientation to the standards ; section 2 provides detailed grade level eld standards with the corresponding ccss - ela. the ca eld standards are not taught in isolation but are used in the context of developing meaningful, intellectual interaction. the role of the title iii coach is to collaborate with school staff in building capacity to design and deliver professional development that utilizes and aligns standards - based content with
Original Instruction:
For my grandmother's 70th birthday, my family and I visited South Korea. While there, I was attentive to Korean high schools and students. I was surprised by how different Korea's public high schools are from America's. Korean high schools can be all-girls, all-boys or co-ed unlike our standard co-ed high schools. There are three grades: "go 1" (10th), "go 2" (11th) and "go 3" (12th). ''Go" is the first syllable of the word "go-deung-hakkyo", which, simply translated, is "high school". In America, unless you want to go to a private school, you don't have to take an entrance exam. In Korea, however, students must take a test to get in because of the many choices of schools. Another difference I couldn't help but notice was the students' appearance. With very few exceptions, all wear uniforms. A name tag with the student's name, grade and homeroom number must also be worn. Girl's skirts can't be above the upper part of the knee, and it is forbidden to dye your hair or wear accessories except small earrings. There are strict regulations for appearance to achieve neatness, and it seems the only freedom students have is with their choices of hair style, socks and shoes. The final difference was the _ of the classes. There may be 40 students in a classroom, but the number can be less or even more, depending on the population of the town or city. Although there are many students per classroom, they are very close, which I think is a result of not changing classrooms for different subjects. There are no levels in the subjects and the teachers are the ones who switch classrooms. They just have ten-minute breaks between subjects. In each class, students are ranked by their grades. This causes strict competition, and Korean students do a lot of studying. To help them, all schools have extra study classes after school. One other fact that helped me appreciate living in America is that Koreans have school on Saturdays. Although it's only a half day, I think I speak for most Americans when I say we could never imagine ourselves in school on a Saturday. Korea's public high schools are clearly different from America's. I had imagined them to be just like our schools, but now I have a clear picture of how different they are. It seems that the writer _ .
A. is familiar with the education system of high schools in Korea
B. is fond of Korean students' appearance
C. prefers the high school life of America to the one of Korea
D. feels it common to have lessons on weekends
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||
Do you know Xishuangbana? It's a very beautiful place. It lies in Yunnan. The Dai people live there. Their homes are wonderful. The houses are very big and have long legs to hold them up. Sometimes those legs are over two metres tall. It can be very hot in Yunnan. But the Dai people do not need air conditioners to keep cool. Their houses usually have two floors. One half of the second floor is the living room. The living room has a balcony. The other half of the second floor is their bedroom. There is a long corridor between the living room and the bedroom. You must always take off your shoes before you go into a Dai family's house. They like to keep their houses clean. The bed is made of bamboo . The family's tables, chairs and cupboards are all made of bamboo too. It often rains in Yunnan. Pigs and chickens live on the first floor, because it is a good place to stay _ . The writer doesn't tell us _ .
|
[
"how many floors the Dai people's house has",
"the things in the Dai people's house",
"the rooms in the Dai people's house",
"why it's cool in the Dai people's house"
] | 3D
|
Do you know Xishuangbana? It's a very beautiful place. It lies in Yunnan. The Dai people live there. Their homes are wonderful. The houses are very big and have long legs to hold them up. Sometimes those legs are over two metres tall. It can be very hot in Yunnan. But the Dai people do not need air conditioners to keep cool. Their houses usually have two floors. One half of the second floor is the living room. The living room has a balcony. The other half of the second floor is their bedroom. There is a long corridor between the living room and the bedroom. You must always take off your shoes before you go into a Dai family's house. They like to keep their houses clean. The bed is made of bamboo . The family's tables, chairs and cupboards are all made of bamboo too. It often rains in Yunnan. Pigs and chickens live on the first floor, because it is a good place to stay _ . The writer doesn't tell us _ .
A. how many floors the Dai people's house has
B. the things in the Dai people's house
C. the rooms in the Dai people's house
D. why it's cool in the Dai people's house
|
D. why it's cool in the Dai people's house
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Retrieved:
the back ), it may be used as reception, guestrooms, and formal family rooms with ancestor altars. as the settlement prospered and population increased, some front shops were put to professional uses such as clinics, drugstores, law offices, pawnshops, travel agencies. food and drink shops usually served economical selections, such as a variety of ready - cooked food of chinese style, padang style ( halal ), or siamese style. cooking stalls rented a portion of space from the shop owner and served specific food such as fried noodles, fried rice, indian pancakes, noodle soup. a variety of drinks was served by a different stall, sometimes by the shop owner. such stalls have been replaced by food courts. street corners were prized as the best location for food and drink shops. = = modern construction = = modern shophouses are made of reinforced concrete. loads are carried by beams and piers, built on a grid system. the spacing of the piers is determined by economic factors : wider beams require larger amounts of steel. a plot of land that measures 40 m wide and 12 m deep, could be used to create 10 shophouses, each measuring 4 m x 12 m, or eight shophouses measuring 5 m x 12 m, or something in between. walls are infill, which means that a row of shophouses can easily be reconfigured, to allow a business to occupy two or more shophouses, by simply removing the dividing walls. a row of shophouses can be built in stages by exposing around 50 – 60 cm of rebar in the left - right beams at each end of the row. when continuing construction, new rebar is tied to the existing rebar to allow the beam to be continued, thereby removing the need for new structural piers. = = singapore shophouses = = the shophouses of singapore evolved from the early - 19th century during the colonial era. it was first introduced by stamford raffles who specified in his town plan for singapore the uniformity and regularity of the building, the material used as well as features of the buildings such as a covered passageway. after the colonial era, shophouses became old and dilapidated, leading to a fraction of them abandoned or razed ( by demolition work or, on occasion, fire ). in singapore, the land acquisition act for urban development, passed during the early - 1960s and amended in 1973, affected owners of shophouses and worked a significant compensatory unfairness upon them when their shophouses were seized to
Original Instruction:
Do you know Xishuangbana? It's a very beautiful place. It lies in Yunnan. The Dai people live there. Their homes are wonderful. The houses are very big and have long legs to hold them up. Sometimes those legs are over two metres tall. It can be very hot in Yunnan. But the Dai people do not need air conditioners to keep cool. Their houses usually have two floors. One half of the second floor is the living room. The living room has a balcony. The other half of the second floor is their bedroom. There is a long corridor between the living room and the bedroom. You must always take off your shoes before you go into a Dai family's house. They like to keep their houses clean. The bed is made of bamboo . The family's tables, chairs and cupboards are all made of bamboo too. It often rains in Yunnan. Pigs and chickens live on the first floor, because it is a good place to stay _ . The writer doesn't tell us _ .
A. how many floors the Dai people's house has
B. the things in the Dai people's house
C. the rooms in the Dai people's house
D. why it's cool in the Dai people's house
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If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a UK study said. Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That's because some studies have shown that rewards can _ and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as "Brilliant! You're a great vegetable taster," did not work as well. The study found t hat when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a "tiny taste" of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables-either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas-in laboratory taste tests, the study said. Researchers randomly assigned 173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a "control". Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the "target" vegetable every day of 12 days, Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables-and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once disliked vegetable three months later. Why didn't the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents' words may have seemed "insincere" to their children. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
|
[
"Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery.",
"It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables.",
"Oral praise wokrs quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables.",
"Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables."
] | 1B
|
If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a UK study said. Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That's because some studies have shown that rewards can _ and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as "Brilliant! You're a great vegetable taster," did not work as well. The study found t hat when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a "tiny taste" of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables-either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas-in laboratory taste tests, the study said. Researchers randomly assigned 173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a "control". Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the "target" vegetable every day of 12 days, Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables-and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once disliked vegetable three months later. Why didn't the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents' words may have seemed "insincere" to their children. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A. Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery.
B. It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables.
C. Oral praise wokrs quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables.
D. Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables.
|
B. It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables.
|
Retrieved:
is its effect on childhood obesity. as the products which are promoted to children are pre - sugared cereals, soft drinks, savoury snacks, confectionery and fast food, which in turn are some of the most calorie - dense of all food articles. indeed, 63 % of the u. s. marketing budget for children was spent on carbonated beverages, fast foods and cereals. the world health organisation said " it is probable that the heavy advertising of fast foods and energy dense foods and drinks increases the consumption of those products ". dina borzekowski from bloomberg school's department of health recommended, " [ t ] o address childhood obesity, it may be necessary to limit the amount of food and beverage advertising shown on commercial television and other media, as this may lessen children's nagging for unhealthy items. " conversely lawlor and prothero argue that the " parent – child interaction " when concerning buying habits is not as large a problem as it can be perceived to be, or indeed, maybe it is predictable in a family environment, where conflicting interests are expected. some drivers of pester power in various countries are : more working women and consequently more dual income families. grandparents'increasing role in bringing up children because of working mothers. grandparents are the fastest - growing income sources for the children. rise in the number of single parent households. research supports that children in single parent households make their first purchases almost a year earlier than their two - parent household counterparts. delayed parenthood. greater exposure to kids : there is an ever - increasing exposure to kids both in terms of technology and mass media. the pang and guilt of not being able to spend much quality time with children is compensated by smothering them with material goods. hurried child syndrome and hyper - parenting : parents today overscheduled their children's life with a heavy dose of academics and extracurricular activities, forcing the little adults to excel both at school and extra academics. the " askable " parent : communication between parents and children has opened up considerably and the stereotypical roles have become rarer. growth of retail sector. kids channels : a newer phenomenon. = = references = =
Original Instruction:
If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a UK study said. Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That's because some studies have shown that rewards can _ and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as "Brilliant! You're a great vegetable taster," did not work as well. The study found t hat when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a "tiny taste" of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables-either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas-in laboratory taste tests, the study said. Researchers randomly assigned 173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a "control". Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the "target" vegetable every day of 12 days, Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables-and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once disliked vegetable three months later. Why didn't the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents' words may have seemed "insincere" to their children. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A. Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery.
B. It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables.
C. Oral praise wokrs quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables.
D. Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables.
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||
Running is becoming popular these days. Many of us run for health. Doctors say many health problems come from these bad habits: eating and drinking too much, smoking and not taking enough exercise. Doctors tell us. "Eat and drink less, don't smoke, and exercise more." Running is a good way of exercise because it helps to build a strong heart. It also helps most people lose weight. One 68-year-old woman runs three times a week. "I love to eat." She says. She runs to lose _ Running is good for health in other ways, too. Many runners say running keeps colds and other small health problems away. "Running is my doctor." says one man. Running can also help people to relax. So today men and women of all ages enjoy running. Doctors tell us _ .
|
[
"not to smoke",
"not exercise",
"to drink much",
"to eat much"
] | 0A
|
Running is becoming popular these days. Many of us run for health. Doctors say many health problems come from these bad habits: eating and drinking too much, smoking and not taking enough exercise. Doctors tell us. "Eat and drink less, don't smoke, and exercise more." Running is a good way of exercise because it helps to build a strong heart. It also helps most people lose weight. One 68-year-old woman runs three times a week. "I love to eat." She says. She runs to lose _ Running is good for health in other ways, too. Many runners say running keeps colds and other small health problems away. "Running is my doctor." says one man. Running can also help people to relax. So today men and women of all ages enjoy running. Doctors tell us _ .
A. not to smoke
B. not exercise
C. to drink much
D. to eat much
|
A. not to smoke
|
Retrieved:
included building the research base, establishing best practices and community models, supporting leadership efforts and connecting multi - sectoral professionals. the overarching goal was to develop an understanding of how the built environment impacted physical activity and what could be done to increase physical activity. = = benefits = = there are many health related benefits to being physically active and living an active life. active living can help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, improve overall health and well - being, reduce stress levels, minimize health related medical costs, help maintain a healthy weight, assist in proper balance and posture and the maintenance of healthy bones and strong muscles. active living can also improve sleeping patterns and aid in the prevention of risk factors for heart disease such as blood cholesterol levels, diabetes and hypertension. running can reduce the level of mortality from many diseases by 27 %. = = types of physical activity = = there are four types of physical exercises that medical professionals recommend in order to improve and maintain physical abilities : endurance, flexibility, balance, and strength activities. endurance activities increase your heart rate and strengthen your heart and lungs. examples include dancing, skating, climbing stairs, cycling, swimming and brisk walking. flexibility activities improve your body's ability to move and assist in keeping your muscles and joints relaxed. examples include yard work, vacuuming, golf, and stretching - when you wake up, before you exercise and after to prevent injury. balance activities reduce the risk of falling and focuses primarily on lower - body strength. examples include standing up after being seated, tai chi, and standing on a single foot. strength activities create and maintain muscle, while also keeping bones strong. examples include raking leaves, carrying groceries, climbing stairs, lifting free weights, and doing push - ups. endurance, flexibility, balance, and strength activities can be incorporated into daily routines and promote active living. for example, activities such as household chores and taking the stairs can fit into more than one of the above categories. = = recommendations = = in canada, the public health agency of canada supported the canadian society for exercise physiology ( csep ) to review the canada's physical activity guides, which were updated and replaced with the get active tip sheets. the get active tip sheets are broken down into 4 age categories ( 5 – 11, 12 – 17, 18 – 64, and 65 & older ). the get active tip sheets recommend that children aged 5 – 11 and youth aged 12 – 17 should participate in at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day. the recommendation for adults
Original Instruction:
Running is becoming popular these days. Many of us run for health. Doctors say many health problems come from these bad habits: eating and drinking too much, smoking and not taking enough exercise. Doctors tell us. "Eat and drink less, don't smoke, and exercise more." Running is a good way of exercise because it helps to build a strong heart. It also helps most people lose weight. One 68-year-old woman runs three times a week. "I love to eat." She says. She runs to lose _ Running is good for health in other ways, too. Many runners say running keeps colds and other small health problems away. "Running is my doctor." says one man. Running can also help people to relax. So today men and women of all ages enjoy running. Doctors tell us _ .
A. not to smoke
B. not exercise
C. to drink much
D. to eat much
|
||
Ransom Myers of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia warned, using solid science and careful analysis, of the dangers of overfishing. _ and he wasn't afraid to report bad news. As the Guelph Mercury reported, the 54-year-old biologist, originally from Mississippi, was known for his research and warnings about the extinction of marine life around the world. He developed a passion for marine protection during his days in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, where he worked for the Department of Fisheries and Oceans at a time when the industry was watching the collapse of the cod fishery. He became, says the Guelph Mercury, a lone, unpopular voice in the discussion about the cause of the collapse, insisting overfishing was the main factor. The world was spending its energy fighting over the few fish left instead of cutting catch limits before it was too late. He warned governments, the fishing industry and consumers, that unless commercial fishing was reduced, many large marine species would become extinct, leading to economic disruptions, food shortages, and lasting damage to marine ecosystems. He said his conclusions were shocking because people had lost sight of the true effect of the declines and they did not look back far enough in history. In other words, he said, "We've forgotten how big fish used to be and how many of them once lived in the sea." According to Ransom Myers, the reason why people found his conclusions shocking was that _ .
|
[
"they didn't have a good knowledge of the living habits of fish",
"they could still catch a great many big cod",
"they didn't know the great differences between the present and the past marine fishery",
"they thought his research was not based on a detailed analysis"
] | 2C
|
Ransom Myers of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia warned, using solid science and careful analysis, of the dangers of overfishing. _ and he wasn't afraid to report bad news. As the Guelph Mercury reported, the 54-year-old biologist, originally from Mississippi, was known for his research and warnings about the extinction of marine life around the world. He developed a passion for marine protection during his days in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, where he worked for the Department of Fisheries and Oceans at a time when the industry was watching the collapse of the cod fishery. He became, says the Guelph Mercury, a lone, unpopular voice in the discussion about the cause of the collapse, insisting overfishing was the main factor. The world was spending its energy fighting over the few fish left instead of cutting catch limits before it was too late. He warned governments, the fishing industry and consumers, that unless commercial fishing was reduced, many large marine species would become extinct, leading to economic disruptions, food shortages, and lasting damage to marine ecosystems. He said his conclusions were shocking because people had lost sight of the true effect of the declines and they did not look back far enough in history. In other words, he said, "We've forgotten how big fish used to be and how many of them once lived in the sea." According to Ransom Myers, the reason why people found his conclusions shocking was that _ .
A. they didn't have a good knowledge of the living habits of fish
B. they could still catch a great many big cod
C. they didn't know the great differences between the present and the past marine fishery
D. they thought his research was not based on a detailed analysis
|
C. they didn't know the great differences between the present and the past marine fishery
|
Retrieved:
1911, when only one small group of 32 sea otters survived in a remote cove, an international treaty was signed to prevent further exploitation of the sea otters. under heavy protection, the otters multiplied and repopulated the depleted areas, which slowly recovered. more recently, with declining numbers of fish stocks, again due to overexploitation, killer whales have experienced a food shortage and have been observed feeding on sea otters, again reducing their numbers. = = see also = = = = references = = = = further reading = = fao ( 2005 ) overcoming factors of unsustainability and overexploitation in fisheries fisheries report 782, rome. isbn 978 - 92 - 5 - 105449 - 9 we ’ ve overexploited the planet, now we need to change if we ’ re to survive. patrick vallance for the guardian. july 8, 2022.
Original Instruction:
Ransom Myers of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia warned, using solid science and careful analysis, of the dangers of overfishing. _ and he wasn't afraid to report bad news. As the Guelph Mercury reported, the 54-year-old biologist, originally from Mississippi, was known for his research and warnings about the extinction of marine life around the world. He developed a passion for marine protection during his days in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, where he worked for the Department of Fisheries and Oceans at a time when the industry was watching the collapse of the cod fishery. He became, says the Guelph Mercury, a lone, unpopular voice in the discussion about the cause of the collapse, insisting overfishing was the main factor. The world was spending its energy fighting over the few fish left instead of cutting catch limits before it was too late. He warned governments, the fishing industry and consumers, that unless commercial fishing was reduced, many large marine species would become extinct, leading to economic disruptions, food shortages, and lasting damage to marine ecosystems. He said his conclusions were shocking because people had lost sight of the true effect of the declines and they did not look back far enough in history. In other words, he said, "We've forgotten how big fish used to be and how many of them once lived in the sea." According to Ransom Myers, the reason why people found his conclusions shocking was that _ .
A. they didn't have a good knowledge of the living habits of fish
B. they could still catch a great many big cod
C. they didn't know the great differences between the present and the past marine fishery
D. they thought his research was not based on a detailed analysis
|
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The Hampton Inn Boone hotel is in the attractive Blue Ridge Mountains, just minutes from four ski areas. Our hotel is less than three miles from Appalachian State University, Boone Mall, and Boone Golf Club. Within those same three miles, you can eat at the historic Dan'l Boone Inn, Makoto's Japanese Steakhouse and many others. Guest Accommodations Hampton Inn is a value-priced hotel. Here you'll find clean, fresh, comfortable rooms standard with a coffee maker, iron and ironing board, and wonderful in-room movie channel. Enjoy good local calls and no surcharge for using a calling card. Guests also enjoy the following items: high speed internet access in every room, wireless internet access in the lobby and public areas, coffee and tea in the lobby 24 hours a day, and USA Today(R) copies (available from Monday to Friday). prefix = st1 /Hamptonalso offers a 24-hour front desk, message and fax service. If you're not 100% satisfied, we don't expect you to pay. That's our promise.Directions & Transportation From Hwy 221 S. - Follow 221 S. to Newland and make a left on to Hwy 105 at entrance to GrandfatherMountain. The hotel is 15 miles on the right. From Hwy 321N --Follow 321 N. into Boone. Turn left onto Hwy 105 at the Wendy's. The hotel is one block down on the left. From Hwy 321S - Turn right onto Hwy 105. The hotel is one block on left. Hotel Policies: Check-In: 3:00PM / heck-Out: 11:00AM Pets: No Pets Allowed The main purpose of writing this text is to _ .
|
[
"introduce the advanced equipment in a hotel",
"share some information about a good hotel",
"attract more people's attention to a hotel",
"announce a travelling plan"
] | 2C
|
The Hampton Inn Boone hotel is in the attractive Blue Ridge Mountains, just minutes from four ski areas. Our hotel is less than three miles from Appalachian State University, Boone Mall, and Boone Golf Club. Within those same three miles, you can eat at the historic Dan'l Boone Inn, Makoto's Japanese Steakhouse and many others. Guest Accommodations Hampton Inn is a value-priced hotel. Here you'll find clean, fresh, comfortable rooms standard with a coffee maker, iron and ironing board, and wonderful in-room movie channel. Enjoy good local calls and no surcharge for using a calling card. Guests also enjoy the following items: high speed internet access in every room, wireless internet access in the lobby and public areas, coffee and tea in the lobby 24 hours a day, and USA Today(R) copies (available from Monday to Friday). prefix = st1 /Hamptonalso offers a 24-hour front desk, message and fax service. If you're not 100% satisfied, we don't expect you to pay. That's our promise.Directions & Transportation From Hwy 221 S. - Follow 221 S. to Newland and make a left on to Hwy 105 at entrance to GrandfatherMountain. The hotel is 15 miles on the right. From Hwy 321N --Follow 321 N. into Boone. Turn left onto Hwy 105 at the Wendy's. The hotel is one block down on the left. From Hwy 321S - Turn right onto Hwy 105. The hotel is one block on left. Hotel Policies: Check-In: 3:00PM / heck-Out: 11:00AM Pets: No Pets Allowed The main purpose of writing this text is to _ .
A. introduce the advanced equipment in a hotel
B. share some information about a good hotel
C. attract more people's attention to a hotel
D. announce a travelling plan
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C. attract more people's attention to a hotel
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Retrieved:
field, fitchburg, massachusetts deering oaks, portland, maine the gardens at dey mansion washington's headquarters, wayne, new jersey druid hills, atlanta, georgia dunn gardens, seattle, washington eastern promenade, portland, maine elm bank horticulture center, wellesley, massachusetts fairmont park, riverside, california first presbyterian church of far rockaway, queens, new york fort tryon park, new york city franklin delano roosevelt park, philadelphia, pennsylvania ( originally league island park ) fresh pond, cambridge, massachusetts garret mountain reservation, woodland park, new jersey goffle brook park, hawthorne, new jersey grover cleveland park, caldwell, new jersey hermann dudley murphy house, lexington, massachusetts high point park, montague, new jersey high rock reservation, a park in lynn, massachusetts homelands neighborhood, springfield, massachusetts " new " katonah, katonah, new york kentucky state capitol grounds, frankfort, kentucky kohler ( village of ), wisconsin kykuit gardens, rockefeller family estate, mount pleasant ( from 1897 but largely revised by later architects ) leimert park neighborhood, los angeles locust valley cemetery, locust valley, new york metro parks, summit county, ohio manito park and botanical gardens, spokane, washington marconi plaza ( originally oregon plaza ) marquette park, chicago, illinois memorial park ( jacksonville ), florida memorial park, maplewood, new jersey mill creek park, youngstown, ohio munsey park, new york north park, fall river, massachusetts, 1901 otto kahn estate, cold spring hills, new york oldfields - lilly house and gardens, a national historic landmark, originally hugh landon estate ( olmsted job # 6883 [ 1 ] 1920 – 1927 ) [ 2 ], indianapolis, indiana passaic county parks system piedmont park, atlanta, georgia pittsburgh downtown ( " industrial district " ) and thoroughfares, 1909 planting fields, oyster bay, long island, new york pope park ( hartford, connecticut ) the portland park plan, portland, oregon plan for los angeles region, with harland bartholomew & associates ( 1930 ) preakness valley park, wayne, new jersey prouty garden, boston children's hospital, boston this garden is at risk of being destroyed for redevelopment purposes. pulaski park, holyoke, massachusetts rahway river parkway union county, new jersey riverside park, hartford, connecticut rancho los alamitos gardens, long beach, california riverbend, walter j. kohler sr. estate grounds, kohler, wisconsin seattle park system
Original Instruction:
The Hampton Inn Boone hotel is in the attractive Blue Ridge Mountains, just minutes from four ski areas. Our hotel is less than three miles from Appalachian State University, Boone Mall, and Boone Golf Club. Within those same three miles, you can eat at the historic Dan'l Boone Inn, Makoto's Japanese Steakhouse and many others. Guest Accommodations Hampton Inn is a value-priced hotel. Here you'll find clean, fresh, comfortable rooms standard with a coffee maker, iron and ironing board, and wonderful in-room movie channel. Enjoy good local calls and no surcharge for using a calling card. Guests also enjoy the following items: high speed internet access in every room, wireless internet access in the lobby and public areas, coffee and tea in the lobby 24 hours a day, and USA Today(R) copies (available from Monday to Friday). prefix = st1 /Hamptonalso offers a 24-hour front desk, message and fax service. If you're not 100% satisfied, we don't expect you to pay. That's our promise.Directions & Transportation From Hwy 221 S. - Follow 221 S. to Newland and make a left on to Hwy 105 at entrance to GrandfatherMountain. The hotel is 15 miles on the right. From Hwy 321N --Follow 321 N. into Boone. Turn left onto Hwy 105 at the Wendy's. The hotel is one block down on the left. From Hwy 321S - Turn right onto Hwy 105. The hotel is one block on left. Hotel Policies: Check-In: 3:00PM / heck-Out: 11:00AM Pets: No Pets Allowed The main purpose of writing this text is to _ .
A. introduce the advanced equipment in a hotel
B. share some information about a good hotel
C. attract more people's attention to a hotel
D. announce a travelling plan
|
||
An engineer must calculate the potential energy of a roller coaster car at the top of an incline. Which information would best help the engineer determine the potential energy of the car?
|
[
"the distance the roller coaster car must travel",
"the mass of the roller coaster car at full capacity",
"the average weight of an empty roller coaster car",
"the direction that the roller coaster car is traveling"
] | 1B
|
An engineer must calculate the potential energy of a roller coaster car at the top of an incline. Which information would best help the engineer determine the potential energy of the car?
A. the distance the roller coaster car must travel
B. the mass of the roller coaster car at full capacity
C. the average weight of an empty roller coaster car
D. the direction that the roller coaster car is traveling
|
B. the mass of the roller coaster car at full capacity
|
Retrieved:
. { \ displaystyle s = { \ frac { \ delta z } { 0. 06 } } = 8. 3 { \ frac { v ^ { 2 } } { g } }, \ quad { \ text { or } } \ quad s = 8. 3 { \ frac { 88 ^ { 2 } } { 32. 2 } } \ approx 2000 \ mathrm { ft }. } this formula uses the fact that the weight of the vehicle is w = mg. = = work of forces acting on a rigid body = = the work of forces acting at various points on a single rigid body can be calculated from the work of a resultant force and torque. to see this, let the forces f1, f2,..., fn act on the points x1, x2,..., xn in a rigid body. the trajectories of xi, i = 1,..., n are defined by the movement of the rigid body. this movement is given by the set of rotations [ a ( t ) ] and the trajectory d ( t ) of a reference point in the body. let the coordinates xi i = 1,..., n define these points in the moving rigid body's reference frame m, so that the trajectories traced in the fixed frame f are given by x i ( t ) = [ a ( t ) ] x i + d ( t ) i = 1, …, n. { \ displaystyle \ mathbf { x } _ { i } ( t ) = [ a ( t ) ] \ mathbf { x } _ { i } + \ mathbf { d } ( t ) \ quad i = 1, \ ldots, n. } the velocity of the points xi along their trajectories are v i = ω × ( x i − d ) + d, { \ displaystyle \ mathbf { v } _ { i } = { \ boldsymbol { \ omega } } \ times ( \ mathbf { x } _ { i } - \ mathbf { d } ) + { \ dot { \ mathbf { d } } }, } where ω is the angular velocity vector obtained from the skew symmetric matrix [ ω ] = a a t, { \ displaystyle [ \ omega ] = { \ dot { a } } a ^ { \ mathsf { t } }, } known as the angular velocity matrix.
Original Instruction:
An engineer must calculate the potential energy of a roller coaster car at the top of an incline. Which information would best help the engineer determine the potential energy of the car?
A. the distance the roller coaster car must travel
B. the mass of the roller coaster car at full capacity
C. the average weight of an empty roller coaster car
D. the direction that the roller coaster car is traveling
|
||
Hair has always been an important sign of beauty. This is especially true for women. Next to the face, hair is one of the main qualities people look for when they consider a woman's beauty. Whether long or short, curly or straight, hair often gets a lot of attention. Each hair on a person's head grows from a single tube-like hole in the skin called a follicle. People are born with all of the hair follicles they are ever going to have. The average person has about one hundred thousand hair follicles. _ begin to form around the third month of pregnancy. Each hair grows independently of other hairs. There are three periods of hair growth. Not all hairs experience the same period of growth at the same time. The period of active growth is called Anagen. During this period, hair grows at a rate of about three tenths millimeters a day, or one centimeter a month. About 85 percent of hair follicles are going through this process at any given time. This period can last from two to six years. The Catagen period of hair growth comes next. It is then that hair growth begins to slow down. This period usually lasts two or three weeks. Finally, hair growth comes to a complete stop and the hairs begin to fall out. This period is known as Telogen. It affects about 15 percent of all hairs at a time. On average, a person loses between 50 and 100 hairs every day. Since each hair grows at a different rate, this process is overlooked. Once the Telogen period has ended, the hair growth process begins again. When some hairs are experiencing the period of Telogen, they _ .
|
[
"grow very quickly",
"slow down their growth",
"stop growing",
"affects other hairs' growth"
] | 2C
|
Hair has always been an important sign of beauty. This is especially true for women. Next to the face, hair is one of the main qualities people look for when they consider a woman's beauty. Whether long or short, curly or straight, hair often gets a lot of attention. Each hair on a person's head grows from a single tube-like hole in the skin called a follicle. People are born with all of the hair follicles they are ever going to have. The average person has about one hundred thousand hair follicles. _ begin to form around the third month of pregnancy. Each hair grows independently of other hairs. There are three periods of hair growth. Not all hairs experience the same period of growth at the same time. The period of active growth is called Anagen. During this period, hair grows at a rate of about three tenths millimeters a day, or one centimeter a month. About 85 percent of hair follicles are going through this process at any given time. This period can last from two to six years. The Catagen period of hair growth comes next. It is then that hair growth begins to slow down. This period usually lasts two or three weeks. Finally, hair growth comes to a complete stop and the hairs begin to fall out. This period is known as Telogen. It affects about 15 percent of all hairs at a time. On average, a person loses between 50 and 100 hairs every day. Since each hair grows at a different rate, this process is overlooked. Once the Telogen period has ended, the hair growth process begins again. When some hairs are experiencing the period of Telogen, they _ .
A. grow very quickly
B. slow down their growth
C. stop growing
D. affects other hairs' growth
|
C. stop growing
|
Retrieved:
in the early to mid - twenties in men and late twenties in women. more than 60 percent of americans have some gray hair by age 40. the age at which graying begins seems almost entirely due to genetics. sometimes people are born with gray hair because they inherit the trait. the order in which graying happens is usually : nose hair, hair on the head, beard, body hair, eyebrows. = = hair coloring = = hair color can be changed by a chemical process. hair coloring is classed as " permanent " or " semi - permanent ". permanent hair color means that the hair's structure has been chemically altered until it is eventually cut away. this does not mean that the synthetic color will remain permanently. during the process, the natural color is removed, one or more shades, and synthetic color has been put in its place. all pigments wash out of the cuticle. natural color stays in much longer and artificial will fade the fastest ( depending on the color molecules and the form of the dye pigments ). permanent hair color gives the most flexibility because it can make hair lighter or darker as well as changing tone and color, but there are negatives. constant ( monthly or six - weekly ) maintenance is essential to match new hair growing in to the rest of the hair, and to remedy fading. a one - color permanent dye creates a flat, uniform color across the whole head, which can look unnatural and harsh, especially in a fair shade. to combat this, the modern trend is to use multiple colors — usually one color as a base with added highlights or lowlights in other shades. semi - permanent color washes out over a period of time — typically four to six weeks, so root regrowth is less noticeable. the final color of each strand is affected by its original color and porosity, so there will be subtle variations in color across the head — more natural and less harsh than a permanent dye. however, this means that gray and white hair will not dye to the same color as the rest of the head ( in fact, some white hair will not absorb the color at all ). a few gray and white hairs will blend in visually, but semi - permanent dye alone will not usually give the desired result where there is a lot of gray or white hair present. sometimes a mixture of dyes is used while hair is greying : semi - permanent as a base color, with permanent highlights. semi - permanent hair color cannot lighten hair. hair can only be lightened using chemical lightener
Original Instruction:
Hair has always been an important sign of beauty. This is especially true for women. Next to the face, hair is one of the main qualities people look for when they consider a woman's beauty. Whether long or short, curly or straight, hair often gets a lot of attention. Each hair on a person's head grows from a single tube-like hole in the skin called a follicle. People are born with all of the hair follicles they are ever going to have. The average person has about one hundred thousand hair follicles. _ begin to form around the third month of pregnancy. Each hair grows independently of other hairs. There are three periods of hair growth. Not all hairs experience the same period of growth at the same time. The period of active growth is called Anagen. During this period, hair grows at a rate of about three tenths millimeters a day, or one centimeter a month. About 85 percent of hair follicles are going through this process at any given time. This period can last from two to six years. The Catagen period of hair growth comes next. It is then that hair growth begins to slow down. This period usually lasts two or three weeks. Finally, hair growth comes to a complete stop and the hairs begin to fall out. This period is known as Telogen. It affects about 15 percent of all hairs at a time. On average, a person loses between 50 and 100 hairs every day. Since each hair grows at a different rate, this process is overlooked. Once the Telogen period has ended, the hair growth process begins again. When some hairs are experiencing the period of Telogen, they _ .
A. grow very quickly
B. slow down their growth
C. stop growing
D. affects other hairs' growth
|
||
Teenage life is interesting, adventurous and difficult. Teenagers have to go through many problems. It may probably be a family problem or a school problem. It is important to learn how to deal with those problems. Be grateful of your parents' support. When you have a problem, ask your parents to support you. When a child is thirteen, he feels like he has grown up. As a part of a family, teenagers do not want their parents to involve in their personal activities and they think they are able to be independent . It is very normal and parents should also cooperate with their kids. They should try to get to know what their child needs. Sometimes a child may be hesitating to tell something but they should try to know what the matter is. Parents' support is the greatest support for a teenager. Learn to live in society. Society plays a very important role in everyone's life. What teenagers see from society has a big influence on their characters. As a teenager, you should know what is wrong and what is right. Never be impatient in making a decision. Always keep cool and calm , take advice from your parents and you will make a good decision. Don't let the bad things of society influence you. Instead, get to learn good things from society. Learn from school. School is like a second home. We learn a lot from our school, and at the same time, it is the hardest part of a teenager's life. *First are the studies. You should know what you want to do. Don't come under pressure in making choices. *Learn to take your own stand . If you don't do well in exams, don't feel broken. Be strong-minded and spend more time on your studies. *Share your problems with your friends. Your friends are always ready to help. If you are confused in your life, talk about what all you've done and what you want to do with your friends. What does the passage mainly tell us?
|
[
"How to cooperate with teenagers.",
"How to get help from parents.",
"How to face problems as a teenager.",
"How to be independent in school."
] | 2C
|
Teenage life is interesting, adventurous and difficult. Teenagers have to go through many problems. It may probably be a family problem or a school problem. It is important to learn how to deal with those problems. Be grateful of your parents' support. When you have a problem, ask your parents to support you. When a child is thirteen, he feels like he has grown up. As a part of a family, teenagers do not want their parents to involve in their personal activities and they think they are able to be independent . It is very normal and parents should also cooperate with their kids. They should try to get to know what their child needs. Sometimes a child may be hesitating to tell something but they should try to know what the matter is. Parents' support is the greatest support for a teenager. Learn to live in society. Society plays a very important role in everyone's life. What teenagers see from society has a big influence on their characters. As a teenager, you should know what is wrong and what is right. Never be impatient in making a decision. Always keep cool and calm , take advice from your parents and you will make a good decision. Don't let the bad things of society influence you. Instead, get to learn good things from society. Learn from school. School is like a second home. We learn a lot from our school, and at the same time, it is the hardest part of a teenager's life. *First are the studies. You should know what you want to do. Don't come under pressure in making choices. *Learn to take your own stand . If you don't do well in exams, don't feel broken. Be strong-minded and spend more time on your studies. *Share your problems with your friends. Your friends are always ready to help. If you are confused in your life, talk about what all you've done and what you want to do with your friends. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. How to cooperate with teenagers.
B. How to get help from parents.
C. How to face problems as a teenager.
D. How to be independent in school.
|
C. How to face problems as a teenager.
|
Retrieved:
to disclose more if they feel that the activities in question are out of their own jurisdiction. jurisdiction is measured, in the adolescents'minds, as how short - term and close the activities are. short - term, close activities are judged as ones to be handled without disclosure to parents, while activities that will take longer or require the adolescent to be farther from home are thought of as being issues to discuss with parents. = = = inhibitors = = = certain events and characteristics of the parent - child relationship make disclosures unlikely : mood : nervous, angry, or unhappy parents make children less likely to disclose preoccupied : parents who do not seem accessible to their children do not receive good disclosures reluctance : when parents seem unwilling to talk about problems or consistently avoid certain topics of conversation questioning : adolescents are bothered by persistent questions that their parents ask of them respect : children do not disclose as much if they feel their parents are not taking them seriously nagging : when parents seem to hag on unimportant matters, children become frustrated previous disapproval : adolescents are not likely to disclose if their parents have previously expressed disapproval of a matter they wish to discuss = = = factors that discourage future disclosures = = = certain events and characteristics of the parent - child relationship make the child less willing to disclose to that parent in the future : distraction : if parents seem inattentive, the child is not likely to try to disclose in the future respect : parents who make jokes about disclosures or tease their children discourage future discussions lack of trust : children are not likely to disclose again when parents have shown doubt about their previous disclosures or checked the information that had been revealed interrupting : parents who interrupt their children do not encourage future disclosure lack of relatability : children will not disclose again if they feel their parents did not try to understand their position in previous disclosures lack of receptivity : parents who seem not to care about the child's thoughts on matters and who will not listen to arguments discourage future disclosure confidentiality : children feel less inclined to disclose in the future if their parents do not keep their disclosures confidential emotion : parents who have angry outbursts do not encourage further disclosures from their children consequences : disclosures that resulted in punishment serve as discouragement for future disclosures. additionally, long lectures from parents are not viewed as favorable disappointment : when disclosure has made a parent disappointed or sad in their child, the child feels less inclined to disclose again silence : parents who respond to a disclosure with the silent treatment are unlikely to facilitate later disclosures withholding permission :
Original Instruction:
Teenage life is interesting, adventurous and difficult. Teenagers have to go through many problems. It may probably be a family problem or a school problem. It is important to learn how to deal with those problems. Be grateful of your parents' support. When you have a problem, ask your parents to support you. When a child is thirteen, he feels like he has grown up. As a part of a family, teenagers do not want their parents to involve in their personal activities and they think they are able to be independent . It is very normal and parents should also cooperate with their kids. They should try to get to know what their child needs. Sometimes a child may be hesitating to tell something but they should try to know what the matter is. Parents' support is the greatest support for a teenager. Learn to live in society. Society plays a very important role in everyone's life. What teenagers see from society has a big influence on their characters. As a teenager, you should know what is wrong and what is right. Never be impatient in making a decision. Always keep cool and calm , take advice from your parents and you will make a good decision. Don't let the bad things of society influence you. Instead, get to learn good things from society. Learn from school. School is like a second home. We learn a lot from our school, and at the same time, it is the hardest part of a teenager's life. *First are the studies. You should know what you want to do. Don't come under pressure in making choices. *Learn to take your own stand . If you don't do well in exams, don't feel broken. Be strong-minded and spend more time on your studies. *Share your problems with your friends. Your friends are always ready to help. If you are confused in your life, talk about what all you've done and what you want to do with your friends. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. How to cooperate with teenagers.
B. How to get help from parents.
C. How to face problems as a teenager.
D. How to be independent in school.
|
||
World's Best Places to Visit We hope the following places can help you choose where to go on your next vacation. Zurich From swimming in Lake Zurich in summer to skiing the Alps in winter, Zurich attracts visitors year-round. As a fairytale city, Zurich is set on the banks of both a river and a lake, with the snow-topped Swiss Alps rising in the background. Clean cobblestone streets hug a hilly land and medieval church tops reach heavenward. Despite its reputation for being the center of old-school international banking and a capital for chocolate, Zurich is also a very modern city that chooses to enjoy life at an unhurried pace. Travelers desiring a real experience should strive to do the same. The City of Angels The City of Angels, the Entertainment Capital of the World--Los Angeles needs no introduction. But its notoriety both helps and hurts its reputation. The traffic on the "101" will tire you out just as much as an evening at a lively West Hollywood club. And your dislike at the thick smog over the city will ruin your enjoyment of a sunset overlooking Santa Monica Beach. To appreciate Los Angeles, visit the area more than once and get advice from locals. Prague A prosperous and busy city, Prague now attracts more tourists than ever. But its picturesque downtown veils both a dark legacy and a resilient past; in its 1,100 years, Prague has survived numerous overthrows, invasions, fires and floods. It's this reputation for survival and perseverance that has made the Czech capital so fascinating. Today, its storied churches, narrow streets, hilltop castle and statue-lined bridges create the scene of an urban fairy tale. Even the most tired traveler would have trouble resisting this city's charms. Puerto Rico Pick a vacation experience you're looking for, and Puerto Rico can help. Puerto Rico is an old town with a lot of historic architecture and cobblestone streets. Look no further than Old San Juan and its El Morro fortress.Consider the bioluminescent bays of Culebra and Vieques. Puerto Rico is a global destination with high-end shopping and exciting nightlife. Yellowstone More than 3,000 square miles of nature's finest canyons, hot springs and rocky cliffs are an easy sell for outdoors enthusiasts. Geothermic wonders like the Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful and Yellowstone Lake are not to be missed at this national park. With dramatic peaks and lakes, Yellowstone is an outdoor enthusiast's paradise. Multicolor1ed pools go around hot springs; green forests weave past wide meadows; and hot springs launch streams of steaming water toward the sky. With so much unspoiled natural beauty, there's no doubt that the park is indeed extraordinary. While you go across the park's 3,000-plus square miles of mountains, canyons, and waterfalls, be prepared to share the trails with permanent residents like buffalo, elk and sometimes even grizzlies. What prevents you from enjoying the sunset in the city of Angles?
|
[
"Santa Monica Beach.",
"The heavy traffic on the \"101\".",
"The thick smoke and fog over it.",
"The lively West Hollywood club."
] | 2C
|
World's Best Places to Visit We hope the following places can help you choose where to go on your next vacation. Zurich From swimming in Lake Zurich in summer to skiing the Alps in winter, Zurich attracts visitors year-round. As a fairytale city, Zurich is set on the banks of both a river and a lake, with the snow-topped Swiss Alps rising in the background. Clean cobblestone streets hug a hilly land and medieval church tops reach heavenward. Despite its reputation for being the center of old-school international banking and a capital for chocolate, Zurich is also a very modern city that chooses to enjoy life at an unhurried pace. Travelers desiring a real experience should strive to do the same. The City of Angels The City of Angels, the Entertainment Capital of the World--Los Angeles needs no introduction. But its notoriety both helps and hurts its reputation. The traffic on the "101" will tire you out just as much as an evening at a lively West Hollywood club. And your dislike at the thick smog over the city will ruin your enjoyment of a sunset overlooking Santa Monica Beach. To appreciate Los Angeles, visit the area more than once and get advice from locals. Prague A prosperous and busy city, Prague now attracts more tourists than ever. But its picturesque downtown veils both a dark legacy and a resilient past; in its 1,100 years, Prague has survived numerous overthrows, invasions, fires and floods. It's this reputation for survival and perseverance that has made the Czech capital so fascinating. Today, its storied churches, narrow streets, hilltop castle and statue-lined bridges create the scene of an urban fairy tale. Even the most tired traveler would have trouble resisting this city's charms. Puerto Rico Pick a vacation experience you're looking for, and Puerto Rico can help. Puerto Rico is an old town with a lot of historic architecture and cobblestone streets. Look no further than Old San Juan and its El Morro fortress.Consider the bioluminescent bays of Culebra and Vieques. Puerto Rico is a global destination with high-end shopping and exciting nightlife. Yellowstone More than 3,000 square miles of nature's finest canyons, hot springs and rocky cliffs are an easy sell for outdoors enthusiasts. Geothermic wonders like the Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful and Yellowstone Lake are not to be missed at this national park. With dramatic peaks and lakes, Yellowstone is an outdoor enthusiast's paradise. Multicolor1ed pools go around hot springs; green forests weave past wide meadows; and hot springs launch streams of steaming water toward the sky. With so much unspoiled natural beauty, there's no doubt that the park is indeed extraordinary. While you go across the park's 3,000-plus square miles of mountains, canyons, and waterfalls, be prepared to share the trails with permanent residents like buffalo, elk and sometimes even grizzlies. What prevents you from enjoying the sunset in the city of Angles?
A. Santa Monica Beach.
B. The heavy traffic on the "101".
C. The thick smoke and fog over it.
D. The lively West Hollywood club.
|
C. The thick smoke and fog over it.
|
Retrieved:
gstaad ( gə - s ( h ) tahd, german : [ kʃtaːt ] ) is a town in the german - speaking section of the canton of bern in southwestern switzerland. it is part of the municipality of saanen and is known as a major ski resort and a popular destination amongst high society and the international jet set. the winter campus of the institut le rosey is located in gstaad. gstaad has a population of about 9, 200 and is located 1, 050 metres ( 3, 445 feet ) above sea level. = = history = = during the middle ages, it was part of the district of saanen ( gessenay ) belonging to the savoyard county of gruyere. the town core developed at the fork in the trails into the valais and vaud. it had an inn, a warehouse for storing trade goods and oxen to help pull wagons over the alpine passes by the 13th - 14th centuries. the st. nicholas chapel was built in the town in 1402, while the murals are from the second half of the 15th century. the town was dominated by cattle farming and agriculture until the great fire of 1898. it was then rebuilt to support the growing tourism industry. the construction of the montreux – lenk im simmental line in 1905 and the construction of ski runs ( the ski club of saanen open in 1905 followed in 1907 by the ski club of gstaad ). the first ski school in gstaad opened in 1923. the eagle ski club opened in 1957, and was funded by charles greville, 7th earl of warwick. in a short time, there were more than 1, 000 hotel beds in the region. the residents, hoteliers, shopkeepers and tourist offices helped to promote gstaad to international attention. they supported the construction of ice rinks, tennis courts, swimming pools, ski jumps, and ski and hiking areas. the first ski lifts at funi opened in 1934 - 44 and were followed by a number of gondolas, ski, and chair lifts. the gstaad palace opened in 1913 as gstaad's first luxury hotel. in 1942 the saanen - gstaad airfield was opened for military and civil aviation. helicopter rides were added later and in 1980 balloon flights became available as well. during the world wars and the great depression, the tourism industry suffered and many hotels closed. after world war ii, many of the large hotels remained closed, but they
Original Instruction:
World's Best Places to Visit We hope the following places can help you choose where to go on your next vacation. Zurich From swimming in Lake Zurich in summer to skiing the Alps in winter, Zurich attracts visitors year-round. As a fairytale city, Zurich is set on the banks of both a river and a lake, with the snow-topped Swiss Alps rising in the background. Clean cobblestone streets hug a hilly land and medieval church tops reach heavenward. Despite its reputation for being the center of old-school international banking and a capital for chocolate, Zurich is also a very modern city that chooses to enjoy life at an unhurried pace. Travelers desiring a real experience should strive to do the same. The City of Angels The City of Angels, the Entertainment Capital of the World--Los Angeles needs no introduction. But its notoriety both helps and hurts its reputation. The traffic on the "101" will tire you out just as much as an evening at a lively West Hollywood club. And your dislike at the thick smog over the city will ruin your enjoyment of a sunset overlooking Santa Monica Beach. To appreciate Los Angeles, visit the area more than once and get advice from locals. Prague A prosperous and busy city, Prague now attracts more tourists than ever. But its picturesque downtown veils both a dark legacy and a resilient past; in its 1,100 years, Prague has survived numerous overthrows, invasions, fires and floods. It's this reputation for survival and perseverance that has made the Czech capital so fascinating. Today, its storied churches, narrow streets, hilltop castle and statue-lined bridges create the scene of an urban fairy tale. Even the most tired traveler would have trouble resisting this city's charms. Puerto Rico Pick a vacation experience you're looking for, and Puerto Rico can help. Puerto Rico is an old town with a lot of historic architecture and cobblestone streets. Look no further than Old San Juan and its El Morro fortress.Consider the bioluminescent bays of Culebra and Vieques. Puerto Rico is a global destination with high-end shopping and exciting nightlife. Yellowstone More than 3,000 square miles of nature's finest canyons, hot springs and rocky cliffs are an easy sell for outdoors enthusiasts. Geothermic wonders like the Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful and Yellowstone Lake are not to be missed at this national park. With dramatic peaks and lakes, Yellowstone is an outdoor enthusiast's paradise. Multicolor1ed pools go around hot springs; green forests weave past wide meadows; and hot springs launch streams of steaming water toward the sky. With so much unspoiled natural beauty, there's no doubt that the park is indeed extraordinary. While you go across the park's 3,000-plus square miles of mountains, canyons, and waterfalls, be prepared to share the trails with permanent residents like buffalo, elk and sometimes even grizzlies. What prevents you from enjoying the sunset in the city of Angles?
A. Santa Monica Beach.
B. The heavy traffic on the "101".
C. The thick smoke and fog over it.
D. The lively West Hollywood club.
|
||
In the early part of the twentieth century, racism was widespread in the United States. Many African Americans were not given equal opportunities in education or employment. Marian Anderson (1897-1993) was an African American woman who gained fame as a concert singer in this climate of racism. She was born in Philadelphia and sang in church choirs during her childhood. When she applied for admission to a local music school in 1917, she was turned down because she was black. Unable to attend music school, she began her career as a singer for church gatherings. In 1929, she went to Europe to study voice and spent several years performing there. Her voice was widely praised throughout Europe. Then she returned to the US in 1935 and became a top concert singer after performing at Town Hall in New York City. Racism again affected Anderson in 1939. When it was arranged for her to sing at Constitution Hall in Washington, DC, the Daughters of the American Revolution opposed it because of her color. She sang instead at the Lincoln Memorial for over 75 000 people. In 1955, Anderson became the first black soloist to sing win the Metropolitan Opera of New York City. The famous conductor Toscanini praised her voice as "heard only once in a hundred years". She was a US delegate to the United Nations in 1958 and won the UN peace prize in 1977. Anderson eventually triumphed over racism. According to this passage, what did Marian Anderson do between 1917 and 1929?
|
[
"She studied at a music school.",
"She sang for religious activities.",
"She sang at Town Hall in New York.",
"She studied voice in Europe."
] | 1B
|
In the early part of the twentieth century, racism was widespread in the United States. Many African Americans were not given equal opportunities in education or employment. Marian Anderson (1897-1993) was an African American woman who gained fame as a concert singer in this climate of racism. She was born in Philadelphia and sang in church choirs during her childhood. When she applied for admission to a local music school in 1917, she was turned down because she was black. Unable to attend music school, she began her career as a singer for church gatherings. In 1929, she went to Europe to study voice and spent several years performing there. Her voice was widely praised throughout Europe. Then she returned to the US in 1935 and became a top concert singer after performing at Town Hall in New York City. Racism again affected Anderson in 1939. When it was arranged for her to sing at Constitution Hall in Washington, DC, the Daughters of the American Revolution opposed it because of her color. She sang instead at the Lincoln Memorial for over 75 000 people. In 1955, Anderson became the first black soloist to sing win the Metropolitan Opera of New York City. The famous conductor Toscanini praised her voice as "heard only once in a hundred years". She was a US delegate to the United Nations in 1958 and won the UN peace prize in 1977. Anderson eventually triumphed over racism. According to this passage, what did Marian Anderson do between 1917 and 1929?
A. She studied at a music school.
B. She sang for religious activities.
C. She sang at Town Hall in New York.
D. She studied voice in Europe.
|
B. She sang for religious activities.
|
Retrieved:
age 88 on the night of december 25, 2016. she had dementia and was living in an assisted living facility. rubin was memorialized by her colleagues at the carnegie institution, where she performed the bulk of her work and research, as a " national treasure. " = = legacy = = = = = women in science initiatives = = = throughout her life, rubin faced discouraging comments on her choice of study but persevered, as she was supported by family and colleagues. in addition to encouraging women in astronomy, she was a force for greater recognition of women in the sciences and for scientific literacy. when rubin was elected to the national academy of science in 1981, she became only the second woman astronomer in its ranks ( after her colleague margaret burbidge ). she, alongside burbidge, advocated for more women to be elected to the national academy of sciences ( nas ), selected for review panels, and represented in academic searches. she said that despite her own election to the nas, she continued to be dissatisfied with the low number of women who were elected each year, and she further said it was " the saddest part of [ her ] life ". = = = cold shoulder from the nobel committee = = = rubin is " widely thought to have been snubbed for the nobel prize. " in the decade following her death, there has been significant ongoing disagreement as to why rubin's work was not recognized with a nobel. some assume it was " because of her gender, " physicists such as lisa randall and emily levesque have argued that it was an oversight. others have argued that it was a " glaring omission. " popularly written articles like forbes magazine's " who really discovered dark matter : fritz zwicky or vera rubin? " both characterize rubin's failure to be awarded a nobel as an egregious snub and equivocate regarding the specific science on which this honor would have been conferred. discussion of the issue continues, as posthumous honors and recognition ( see below ) have proliferated, and rubin's name is regularly mentioned in articles listing the 20th century women who missed out on scientific nobels. = = = vera c. rubin observatory = = = on december 20, 2019, the large synoptic survey telescope was renamed the vera c. rubin observatory in recognition of rubin's contributions to the study of dark matter and her outspoken advocacy for the equal treatment and representation of women in science. the observatory is located a mountain in cerro pac
Original Instruction:
In the early part of the twentieth century, racism was widespread in the United States. Many African Americans were not given equal opportunities in education or employment. Marian Anderson (1897-1993) was an African American woman who gained fame as a concert singer in this climate of racism. She was born in Philadelphia and sang in church choirs during her childhood. When she applied for admission to a local music school in 1917, she was turned down because she was black. Unable to attend music school, she began her career as a singer for church gatherings. In 1929, she went to Europe to study voice and spent several years performing there. Her voice was widely praised throughout Europe. Then she returned to the US in 1935 and became a top concert singer after performing at Town Hall in New York City. Racism again affected Anderson in 1939. When it was arranged for her to sing at Constitution Hall in Washington, DC, the Daughters of the American Revolution opposed it because of her color. She sang instead at the Lincoln Memorial for over 75 000 people. In 1955, Anderson became the first black soloist to sing win the Metropolitan Opera of New York City. The famous conductor Toscanini praised her voice as "heard only once in a hundred years". She was a US delegate to the United Nations in 1958 and won the UN peace prize in 1977. Anderson eventually triumphed over racism. According to this passage, what did Marian Anderson do between 1917 and 1929?
A. She studied at a music school.
B. She sang for religious activities.
C. She sang at Town Hall in New York.
D. She studied voice in Europe.
|
||
The Bedouin people think most highly of people who show loyalty. To them loyalty does not mean that one is devoted to a country, a place, or a leader. Loyalty means being faithful to one's family and tribe . The Bedouin people take pride in their ancestors . They do not admire a hero from an ordinary or poor family as much as one who comes from an honored family. They particularly respect those who have received a good name from their ancestors and then have passed it on to their children. A man's position among the black-tent people depends upon his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage ,and his tribe. A man can protect his family's honor by being brave and generous and by giving protection to those who ask for it. He also guards it by carefully watching the women of his family. A Bedouin woman cannot bring honor to her family, but she can bring disgrace. Even if a woman only looks as if she has done wrong, she may be killed. The honor of her family depends upon her virtue . It can be inferred from the passage that a Bedouin man will feel disgraced if he _ .
|
[
"does not succeed in business",
"needs to ask for help from his brothers",
"does nothing when a member of his family is badly treated",
"does not help a stranger who asks for assistance"
] | 2C
|
The Bedouin people think most highly of people who show loyalty. To them loyalty does not mean that one is devoted to a country, a place, or a leader. Loyalty means being faithful to one's family and tribe . The Bedouin people take pride in their ancestors . They do not admire a hero from an ordinary or poor family as much as one who comes from an honored family. They particularly respect those who have received a good name from their ancestors and then have passed it on to their children. A man's position among the black-tent people depends upon his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage ,and his tribe. A man can protect his family's honor by being brave and generous and by giving protection to those who ask for it. He also guards it by carefully watching the women of his family. A Bedouin woman cannot bring honor to her family, but she can bring disgrace. Even if a woman only looks as if she has done wrong, she may be killed. The honor of her family depends upon her virtue . It can be inferred from the passage that a Bedouin man will feel disgraced if he _ .
A. does not succeed in business
B. needs to ask for help from his brothers
C. does nothing when a member of his family is badly treated
D. does not help a stranger who asks for assistance
|
C. does nothing when a member of his family is badly treated
|
Retrieved:
the religious and civil lives of their indians. indigenous people filled these roles, which in theory gave them greater status within the community. these roles, however, also placed economic obligations on their recipients and the clergy used them as a way to exercise control over the villagers. villagers were obligated to organize efforts to discharge debts related to cost of food, wafers and wine for the mass and payment of the priests. the cargo system could a serve a manner in which people could elevate their station in society. people who faithfully discharged their duties through a series of mundane tasks could increase their social status which resulted in greater access for job opportunities and loftier positions. in short, community service allowed one to move up in the hierarchy of their society. eventually villagers could reach a high ranking position as members of the principals, who in turn would vote for the communal leader, the gobernadores. the caciques ore pre - hispanic nobles were exempt from the low standing positions, although a person from meager beginnings could ultimately serve to accumulate wealth and power. the cargo system also affected marital life. the man would work in the household of his in - laws. after marriage, the wife would move in with the groom's family in which she served as a domestic servant for her mother - in law. = = see also = = indigenous peoples of the americas potlatch spanish colonization of the americas = = sources = = frank cancian, economics and prestige in a maya community : the religious cargo system in zinacantan. stanford ( calif. ) : stanford university press, 1965, 238 p. chance, john k. ; william b. taylor. cofradias and cargos : an historical perspective on the mesoamerican civil - religious hierarchy. american ethnologist, vol. 12, no. 1. ( feb., 1985 ), pp. 1 – 26. dewalt, billie r. changes in the cargo systems of mesoamerica, anthropological quarterly, vol. 48, no. 2. ( apr., 1975 ), pp. 87 – 105. friedlander, judith. the secularization of the cargo system : an example from postrevolutionary central mexico ( in research reports and notes ). latin american research review, vol. 16, no. 2. ( 1981 ), pp. 132 – 143. guardino, peter. “ community service, liberal law, and local custom in indigenous villages : oaxaca, 1750 - 1850. ” honor, status
Original Instruction:
The Bedouin people think most highly of people who show loyalty. To them loyalty does not mean that one is devoted to a country, a place, or a leader. Loyalty means being faithful to one's family and tribe . The Bedouin people take pride in their ancestors . They do not admire a hero from an ordinary or poor family as much as one who comes from an honored family. They particularly respect those who have received a good name from their ancestors and then have passed it on to their children. A man's position among the black-tent people depends upon his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage ,and his tribe. A man can protect his family's honor by being brave and generous and by giving protection to those who ask for it. He also guards it by carefully watching the women of his family. A Bedouin woman cannot bring honor to her family, but she can bring disgrace. Even if a woman only looks as if she has done wrong, she may be killed. The honor of her family depends upon her virtue . It can be inferred from the passage that a Bedouin man will feel disgraced if he _ .
A. does not succeed in business
B. needs to ask for help from his brothers
C. does nothing when a member of his family is badly treated
D. does not help a stranger who asks for assistance
|
||
Scientists have written a report on the future of trade and industry. They talk about the role robots will play in industry. What is a robot?Basically ,it is a machine which is designed to do the work of a human being. It is usually controlled by a computer. Once it has been given a set of things to do,it will do the job on its own. Nowadays,Britain has 120 robots at work in industry. This compares badly with other industrial countries. In Japan,there are 4,000 robots in use. In the USA there are 2,000 and in Germany there are 500. According to the report,the government must help people understand how robot technology can be used. Also,people must be educated to know how important this new technology is. The designing of new robots will be very important in the future. The report says that special robot centres should be set up where people who design robots and people who will use them work together. The assembly work of the future will be complex . So firms must develop robots to do it. Today, _ is using the most robots for industry.
|
[
"Britain",
"the USA",
"Japan",
"Germany"
] | 2C
|
Scientists have written a report on the future of trade and industry. They talk about the role robots will play in industry. What is a robot?Basically ,it is a machine which is designed to do the work of a human being. It is usually controlled by a computer. Once it has been given a set of things to do,it will do the job on its own. Nowadays,Britain has 120 robots at work in industry. This compares badly with other industrial countries. In Japan,there are 4,000 robots in use. In the USA there are 2,000 and in Germany there are 500. According to the report,the government must help people understand how robot technology can be used. Also,people must be educated to know how important this new technology is. The designing of new robots will be very important in the future. The report says that special robot centres should be set up where people who design robots and people who will use them work together. The assembly work of the future will be complex . So firms must develop robots to do it. Today, _ is using the most robots for industry.
A. Britain
B. the USA
C. Japan
D. Germany
|
C. Japan
|
Retrieved:
ten thousand robots but will increase them to a million robots over a three - year period. lawyers have speculated that an increased prevalence of robots in the workplace could lead to the need to improve redundancy laws. kevin j. delaney said " robots are taking human jobs. but bill gates believes that governments should tax companies'use of them, as a way to at least temporarily slow the spread of automation and to fund other types of employment. " the robot tax would also help pay a guaranteed living wage to the displaced workers. the world bank's world development report 2019 puts forth evidence showing that while automation displaces workers, technological innovation creates more new industries and jobs on balance. = = contemporary uses = = at present, there are two main types of robots, based on their use : general - purpose autonomous robots and dedicated robots. robots can be classified by their specificity of purpose. a robot might be designed to perform one particular task extremely well, or a range of tasks less well. all robots by their nature can be re - programmed to behave differently, but some are limited by their physical form. for example, a factory robot arm can perform jobs such as cutting, welding, gluing, or acting as a fairground ride, while a pick - and - place robot can only populate printed circuit boards. = = = general - purpose autonomous robots = = = general - purpose autonomous robots can perform a variety of functions independently. general - purpose autonomous robots typically can navigate independently in known spaces, handle their own re - charging needs, interface with electronic doors and elevators and perform other basic tasks. like computers, general - purpose robots can link with networks, software and accessories that increase their usefulness. they may recognize people or objects, talk, provide companionship, monitor environmental quality, respond to alarms, pick up supplies and perform other useful tasks. general - purpose robots may perform a variety of functions simultaneously or they may take on different roles at different times of day. some such robots try to mimic human beings and may even resemble people in appearance ; this type of robot is called a humanoid robot. humanoid robots are still in a very limited stage, as no humanoid robot can, as of yet, actually navigate around a room that it has never been in. thus, humanoid robots are really quite limited, despite their intelligent behaviors in their well - known environments. = = = factory robots = = = = = = = car production = = = = over the last three decades, automobile factories have become dominated by robots. a typical
Original Instruction:
Scientists have written a report on the future of trade and industry. They talk about the role robots will play in industry. What is a robot?Basically ,it is a machine which is designed to do the work of a human being. It is usually controlled by a computer. Once it has been given a set of things to do,it will do the job on its own. Nowadays,Britain has 120 robots at work in industry. This compares badly with other industrial countries. In Japan,there are 4,000 robots in use. In the USA there are 2,000 and in Germany there are 500. According to the report,the government must help people understand how robot technology can be used. Also,people must be educated to know how important this new technology is. The designing of new robots will be very important in the future. The report says that special robot centres should be set up where people who design robots and people who will use them work together. The assembly work of the future will be complex . So firms must develop robots to do it. Today, _ is using the most robots for industry.
A. Britain
B. the USA
C. Japan
D. Germany
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||
If touring in a large group isn't fit for you and the idea of driving yourself doesn't attract you, a small group journey with the Great New Zealand Travel Company might be just the answer. Panorama -- 24 Days Discover why New Zealand remains one of the world's most popular destinations. This _ , 24-day journey offers you a wide choice of things to do and places to see. You will enjoy plenty of time to sightsee, relax and experience the lifestyle that is in New Zealand. Departure Dates: Jan. 12, 26; Feb. 9, 23 Price: NZ$10,715 Nikau -- 13 Days This 13-day journey from Auckland to Christchurch lets you experience the true diversity of this beautiful country. History, culture, scenery and adventure, they all feature on this trip to give you a brief insight into the land. Departure Dates: Jan. 2, 23; Feb. 2, 16 Price: NZ$5,680 Southern Adventure -- 11 Days Enjoy a South Island holiday with exciting sightseeing and activities, including the world-famous whale-watch at KaiKoura and a wildlife tour on Akaroa Harbour. This tour will take you on a journey of discovery. Departure Dates: Jan. 17, 31; Feb. 7, 24 Price: NZ$5,820 Northland -- 4 Days The Bay of Islands is a great place and should not be missed if time permits. You will visit the Northland region, the birthplace of New Zealand as we know it today. See the oldest Maori and European Settlements in the country and take an eco-cultural trip into the Waipoua Forest. Enjoy free time to learn more of the early days of the nation. Departure Dates: daily Price: NZ$2,015 Tourists who are interested in wild animals should choose _
|
[
"Panorama -- 24 Days",
"Nikau -- 13 Days",
"Southern Adventure -- 11 Days",
"Northland -- 4 Days"
] | 2C
|
If touring in a large group isn't fit for you and the idea of driving yourself doesn't attract you, a small group journey with the Great New Zealand Travel Company might be just the answer. Panorama -- 24 Days Discover why New Zealand remains one of the world's most popular destinations. This _ , 24-day journey offers you a wide choice of things to do and places to see. You will enjoy plenty of time to sightsee, relax and experience the lifestyle that is in New Zealand. Departure Dates: Jan. 12, 26; Feb. 9, 23 Price: NZ$10,715 Nikau -- 13 Days This 13-day journey from Auckland to Christchurch lets you experience the true diversity of this beautiful country. History, culture, scenery and adventure, they all feature on this trip to give you a brief insight into the land. Departure Dates: Jan. 2, 23; Feb. 2, 16 Price: NZ$5,680 Southern Adventure -- 11 Days Enjoy a South Island holiday with exciting sightseeing and activities, including the world-famous whale-watch at KaiKoura and a wildlife tour on Akaroa Harbour. This tour will take you on a journey of discovery. Departure Dates: Jan. 17, 31; Feb. 7, 24 Price: NZ$5,820 Northland -- 4 Days The Bay of Islands is a great place and should not be missed if time permits. You will visit the Northland region, the birthplace of New Zealand as we know it today. See the oldest Maori and European Settlements in the country and take an eco-cultural trip into the Waipoua Forest. Enjoy free time to learn more of the early days of the nation. Departure Dates: daily Price: NZ$2,015 Tourists who are interested in wild animals should choose _
A. Panorama -- 24 Days
B. Nikau -- 13 Days
C. Southern Adventure -- 11 Days
D. Northland -- 4 Days
|
C. Southern Adventure -- 11 Days
|
Retrieved:
but the sea gull was reported missing. on june 6, the squadron arrived at san lorenzo, off callao for repair and provisioning, while wilkes dispatched the relief homewards on june 21. leaving south america on july 12, the expedition reached reao of the tuamotu group on august 13, and tahiti on september 11. they departed tahiti on october 10. the expedition then visited samoa and new south wales, australia. in december 1839, the expedition sailed from sydney into the antarctic ocean and reported the discovery of the antarctic continent on january 16, 1840, when henry eld and william reynolds aboard the peacock sighted eld peak and reynolds peak along the george v coast. on the january 19, reynolds spotted cape hudson. on january 25, the vincennes sighted the mountains behind the cook ice shelf, similar peaks at piner bay on january 30, and had covered 800 miles ( 1, 300 kilometers ) of coastline by february 12, from 140° 30'e. to 112° 16'12 " e., when wilkes acknowledged they had " discovered the antarctic continent. " named wilkes land, it includes claire land, banzare land, sabrina land, budd land, and knox land. they charted 1, 500 miles ( 2, 400 kilometers ) of antarctic coastline to a westward goal of 105° e., the edge of queen mary land, before departing to the north again on february 21. the porpoise came across the french expedition of jules dumont d'urville on january 30. however, due to a misunderstanding of each other's intentions, the porpoise and astrolabe were unable to communicate. in february 1840, some of the expedition were present at the initial signing of the treaty of waitangi in new zealand. some of the squadron then proceeded back to sydney for repairs, while the rest visited the bay of islands, before arriving in tonga in april. at nuku'alofa they met king josiah ( aleamotu'a ), and the george ( taufa'ahau ), chief of ha'apai, before proceeding onwards to fiji on may 4. the porpoise surveyed the low archipelago, while the vincennes and peacock proceeded onwards to ovalau, where they signed a commercial treaty with tanoa visawaqa in levuka. edward belcher's hms starling visited ovalau at the same time. hudson kinnapped vendovi, after holding his brothers cocanauto, qaraniqio, and tu
Original Instruction:
If touring in a large group isn't fit for you and the idea of driving yourself doesn't attract you, a small group journey with the Great New Zealand Travel Company might be just the answer. Panorama -- 24 Days Discover why New Zealand remains one of the world's most popular destinations. This _ , 24-day journey offers you a wide choice of things to do and places to see. You will enjoy plenty of time to sightsee, relax and experience the lifestyle that is in New Zealand. Departure Dates: Jan. 12, 26; Feb. 9, 23 Price: NZ$10,715 Nikau -- 13 Days This 13-day journey from Auckland to Christchurch lets you experience the true diversity of this beautiful country. History, culture, scenery and adventure, they all feature on this trip to give you a brief insight into the land. Departure Dates: Jan. 2, 23; Feb. 2, 16 Price: NZ$5,680 Southern Adventure -- 11 Days Enjoy a South Island holiday with exciting sightseeing and activities, including the world-famous whale-watch at KaiKoura and a wildlife tour on Akaroa Harbour. This tour will take you on a journey of discovery. Departure Dates: Jan. 17, 31; Feb. 7, 24 Price: NZ$5,820 Northland -- 4 Days The Bay of Islands is a great place and should not be missed if time permits. You will visit the Northland region, the birthplace of New Zealand as we know it today. See the oldest Maori and European Settlements in the country and take an eco-cultural trip into the Waipoua Forest. Enjoy free time to learn more of the early days of the nation. Departure Dates: daily Price: NZ$2,015 Tourists who are interested in wild animals should choose _
A. Panorama -- 24 Days
B. Nikau -- 13 Days
C. Southern Adventure -- 11 Days
D. Northland -- 4 Days
|
||
Do you prefer British English or American English? Here are opinions from our readers. Andy: Well, being in British for 3 years now from New Zealand I've come to realize that a lot of British people pronounce words how Americans do. But in saying that, I guess the more educated British people do not pronounce words the way some Americans do. So, I prefer Educated British English. Bill: Well, I am studying English and I think British sounds funny and I prefer Americans sounds. Although I can tell that everyone else in my class loves British pronunciation and thinks American English is less pretty or even ugly. I don't agree at all, though. Cindy: At first British English accent sounds better and wonderful but then it gets annoying, so I love American English. Dale: I prefer the British accent. It sounds like someone reading a poem. I just like the pronunciation of the British people, very clear and sounds like music! British accent is more musical. Edward: When I listen to the BBC announcers, I notice that they're exploding the letters out, not pronouncing them. And some British people from the North of England or Scotland speak with strange accents. I mean it is difficult to understand their English. Frank: As a matter of fact, English for International Communication is very much like American accent. I love the American accent. Which reader didn't state clearly which pronunciation he or she preferred?
|
[
"Andy",
"Bill",
"Cindy",
"Edward"
] | 3D
|
Do you prefer British English or American English? Here are opinions from our readers. Andy: Well, being in British for 3 years now from New Zealand I've come to realize that a lot of British people pronounce words how Americans do. But in saying that, I guess the more educated British people do not pronounce words the way some Americans do. So, I prefer Educated British English. Bill: Well, I am studying English and I think British sounds funny and I prefer Americans sounds. Although I can tell that everyone else in my class loves British pronunciation and thinks American English is less pretty or even ugly. I don't agree at all, though. Cindy: At first British English accent sounds better and wonderful but then it gets annoying, so I love American English. Dale: I prefer the British accent. It sounds like someone reading a poem. I just like the pronunciation of the British people, very clear and sounds like music! British accent is more musical. Edward: When I listen to the BBC announcers, I notice that they're exploding the letters out, not pronouncing them. And some British people from the North of England or Scotland speak with strange accents. I mean it is difficult to understand their English. Frank: As a matter of fact, English for International Communication is very much like American accent. I love the American accent. Which reader didn't state clearly which pronunciation he or she preferred?
A. Andy
B. Bill
C. Cindy
D. Edward
|
D. Edward
|
Retrieved:
system had become the de facto standard for phonetic notation of british received pronunciation ( rp ). the first native ( not learner's ) english dictionary using ipa may have been the collins english dictionary ( 1979 ), and others followed suit. the oxford english dictionary, 2nd edition ( oed2, 1989 ) used ipa, transcribed letter - for - letter from entries in the first edition, which had been noted in a scheme by the original editor, james murray. while ipa has not been adopted by popular dictionaries in the united states, there is a demand for learner's dictionaries which provide both british and american english pronunciation. some dictionaries, such as the cambridge english pronouncing dictionary and the longman dictionary of contemporary english provide a separate transcription for each. british and american english dialects have a similar set of phonemes, but some are pronounced differently ; in technical parlance, they consist of different phones. although developed for rp, the gimson system being phonemic, it is not far from much of general american pronunciation as well. a number of recent dictionaries, such as the collins cobuild advanced learner's english dictionary, add a few non - phonemic symbols / ʳ i u / to represent both rp and general american pronunciation in a single ipa transcription. clive upton updated the gimson scheme, changing the symbols used for five vowels. he served as pronunciation consultant for the influential concise oxford english dictionary, which adopted this scheme in its ninth edition ( 1995 ). upton's reform is controversial : it reflects changing pronunciation, but critics say it represents a narrower regional accent, and abandons parallelism with american and australian english. in addition, the phonetician john c. wells said that he could not understand why upton had altered the presentation of price to prʌɪs. upton outlined his reasons for the transcription in a chapter of a handbook of varieties of english. he said that the price - vowel represented how the starting point could be anything from centralised front to centralised back. the change in the nurse vowel was intended as a simplification as well as a reflection that was not the only possible realisation in rp. the other alterations were intended to reflect changes that have occurred over time. the in - progress 3rd edition of the oxford english dictionary uses upton's scheme for representing british pronunciations. for american pronunciations it uses an ipa - based scheme devised by william kretzschmar of the university of georgia
Original Instruction:
Do you prefer British English or American English? Here are opinions from our readers. Andy: Well, being in British for 3 years now from New Zealand I've come to realize that a lot of British people pronounce words how Americans do. But in saying that, I guess the more educated British people do not pronounce words the way some Americans do. So, I prefer Educated British English. Bill: Well, I am studying English and I think British sounds funny and I prefer Americans sounds. Although I can tell that everyone else in my class loves British pronunciation and thinks American English is less pretty or even ugly. I don't agree at all, though. Cindy: At first British English accent sounds better and wonderful but then it gets annoying, so I love American English. Dale: I prefer the British accent. It sounds like someone reading a poem. I just like the pronunciation of the British people, very clear and sounds like music! British accent is more musical. Edward: When I listen to the BBC announcers, I notice that they're exploding the letters out, not pronouncing them. And some British people from the North of England or Scotland speak with strange accents. I mean it is difficult to understand their English. Frank: As a matter of fact, English for International Communication is very much like American accent. I love the American accent. Which reader didn't state clearly which pronunciation he or she preferred?
A. Andy
B. Bill
C. Cindy
D. Edward
|
||
Every year we have many holidays, such as summer holidays. May Day and so on. How do you spend during these holidays? Do you like to travel during them ? Can you book holidays or make travel plans on line? Now let me tell you how to do it. First,you should look up the places that you want to visit online. Then you can decide on which way to travel according to the prices online. If you go to other countries, you'd better take the plane. If you visit some places of interest near your hometown, you can take the train or bus there. Of course, you can drive a car. Next, you can get in touch with some travel companies ,and talk something about travel with them. And you can find the best place to stay at the best price. Finally, you can enjoy happy holidays with the help of the travel company. Which of the following is RIGHT?
|
[
"When you want to travel, you can make the plan online.",
"If you want to travel, you must have a computer at first.",
"If you visit your grandmother, you have to drive you car.",
"The passage mainly tells how to travel online."
] | 0A
|
Every year we have many holidays, such as summer holidays. May Day and so on. How do you spend during these holidays? Do you like to travel during them ? Can you book holidays or make travel plans on line? Now let me tell you how to do it. First,you should look up the places that you want to visit online. Then you can decide on which way to travel according to the prices online. If you go to other countries, you'd better take the plane. If you visit some places of interest near your hometown, you can take the train or bus there. Of course, you can drive a car. Next, you can get in touch with some travel companies ,and talk something about travel with them. And you can find the best place to stay at the best price. Finally, you can enjoy happy holidays with the help of the travel company. Which of the following is RIGHT?
A. When you want to travel, you can make the plan online.
B. If you want to travel, you must have a computer at first.
C. If you visit your grandmother, you have to drive you car.
D. The passage mainly tells how to travel online.
|
A. When you want to travel, you can make the plan online.
|
Retrieved:
person is commuting using committed time this person may feel that the commute is a duty to family such as walking children to school or driving a spouse to work. contracted and committed time users may feel that their commute is more important than the commute of necessary or free time users because their commute is productive work. therefore, they may be more inclined to choose a motorized mode of travel. = = = necessary time = = = necessary time refers to the time required to maintain one ’ s self as it applies to activities such as eating, sleeping, and cleansing and to a large extent exercising. people who commute using necessary time may feel that the commute is an important activity for personal well - being and may also take into account the well - being of the natural and social environment. the person commuting in necessary time may be more inclined to choose an active mode of transportation for personal reasons that include exercise on top of transportation. since sleeping is included in this category, necessary time usually constitutes the majority of people ’ s time. = = = free time = = = free time refers to the remains of the day after the three other types of time have been subtracted from the 24 - hour day. this type of time is not necessarily discretionary time as the term “ free ” time may imply because people tend to plan activities in advance and creating committed free time in lieu of discretionary time. people who commute using free time are more apt to view the commute as a recreational activity. commuting in free time provides the greatest gains for social capital because the person commuting in free time is more likely to slow down or stop the commute at his discretion to undertake another activity or engage in social interaction. he or she may also view the commute as part of his destination activity to which he has gladly committed his or her free time. = = primary vs. secondary time = = the distinction between primary and secondary time is a way to include activities when multitasking. activities that take place at the same time are separated into primary and secondary categories based on priority assigned to each, with the activity with the highest priority considered to be the primary. this distinction plays an important role when evaluating time spent on activities that often considered secondary when multitasking, as overlooking secondary activities can lead to significant underestimations of the time committed to those activities. according to research in australia, approximately two thirds of time spent on childcare is considered secondary time. research in the united states is more variable ranging from approximately
Original Instruction:
Every year we have many holidays, such as summer holidays. May Day and so on. How do you spend during these holidays? Do you like to travel during them ? Can you book holidays or make travel plans on line? Now let me tell you how to do it. First,you should look up the places that you want to visit online. Then you can decide on which way to travel according to the prices online. If you go to other countries, you'd better take the plane. If you visit some places of interest near your hometown, you can take the train or bus there. Of course, you can drive a car. Next, you can get in touch with some travel companies ,and talk something about travel with them. And you can find the best place to stay at the best price. Finally, you can enjoy happy holidays with the help of the travel company. Which of the following is RIGHT?
A. When you want to travel, you can make the plan online.
B. If you want to travel, you must have a computer at first.
C. If you visit your grandmother, you have to drive you car.
D. The passage mainly tells how to travel online.
|
||
Scientists in Argentina have created the world's first cow to own two human genes that will enable it to produce human-like milk, which is matchless up to now. It is a breakthrough in the area of clone. Genetic engineering was used to introduce the "mothers' milk" genes into the animal before birth, according to the National Institute of Agribusiness Technology in Buenos Aires. As an adult, the cloned cow "will produce milk that is similar to humans" in what will prove "a development of great importance for the nutrition of infants", it said in a statement. "The cloned cow, named Rosita ISA, is the first one born in the world that owns two human genes that contain the proteins present in human milk," the statement said. In April, scientists in China published details of research showing that they had created GM Holstein dairy cows which produced milk containing proteins found in human breast milk. But the Argentine team says the Chinese only introduced one human gene, whereas their research involved two genes meaning the milk will more closely resemble that of humans. Rosita ISA was born on April 6 and was delivered by Caesarean section because she weighed around 100 pounds, roughly twice the normal weight of Jersey cows. Adrian Mutto, from the National University of San Martin said "Our goal was to raise nutritional value of cows' milk by adding two human genes, the protein lactoferrin and lysozyme, which can provide newly-born babies with anti-bacterial and anti-viral protection." Cristina Kirchner, President of Argentina, said that the scientific institute "makes all proud." She also revealed that she had rejected the "honor" of having the cow named after her. "They came to tell me that the name is Cristina, but what woman would like to have a cow named after her? It appeared to me to be more appropriate to call it Rosita." Lactoferrin and lysozyme in milk _ .
|
[
"are good for babies' health",
"help provide more milk from cow",
"can increase the production of milk",
"can offer more proteins in cow milk"
] | 0A
|
Scientists in Argentina have created the world's first cow to own two human genes that will enable it to produce human-like milk, which is matchless up to now. It is a breakthrough in the area of clone. Genetic engineering was used to introduce the "mothers' milk" genes into the animal before birth, according to the National Institute of Agribusiness Technology in Buenos Aires. As an adult, the cloned cow "will produce milk that is similar to humans" in what will prove "a development of great importance for the nutrition of infants", it said in a statement. "The cloned cow, named Rosita ISA, is the first one born in the world that owns two human genes that contain the proteins present in human milk," the statement said. In April, scientists in China published details of research showing that they had created GM Holstein dairy cows which produced milk containing proteins found in human breast milk. But the Argentine team says the Chinese only introduced one human gene, whereas their research involved two genes meaning the milk will more closely resemble that of humans. Rosita ISA was born on April 6 and was delivered by Caesarean section because she weighed around 100 pounds, roughly twice the normal weight of Jersey cows. Adrian Mutto, from the National University of San Martin said "Our goal was to raise nutritional value of cows' milk by adding two human genes, the protein lactoferrin and lysozyme, which can provide newly-born babies with anti-bacterial and anti-viral protection." Cristina Kirchner, President of Argentina, said that the scientific institute "makes all proud." She also revealed that she had rejected the "honor" of having the cow named after her. "They came to tell me that the name is Cristina, but what woman would like to have a cow named after her? It appeared to me to be more appropriate to call it Rosita." Lactoferrin and lysozyme in milk _ .
A. are good for babies' health
B. help provide more milk from cow
C. can increase the production of milk
D. can offer more proteins in cow milk
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A. are good for babies' health
|
Retrieved:
and cream have high levels of saturated fat. the sugar lactose is found only in milk, and possibly in forsythia flowers and a few tropical shrubs. lactase, the enzyme needed to digest lactose, reaches its highest levels in the human small intestine immediately after birth, and then begins a slow decline unless milk is consumed regularly. those groups who continue to tolerate milk have often exercised great creativity in using the milk of domesticated ungulates, not only cattle, but also sheep, goats, yaks, water buffalo, horses, reindeer and camels. india is the largest producer and consumer of cattle milk and buffalo milk in the world. = = history = = humans first learned to consume the milk of other mammals regularly following the domestication of animals during the neolithic revolution or the development of agriculture. this development occurred independently in several global locations from as early as 9000 – 7000 bc in mesopotamia to 3500 – 3000 bc in the americas. people first domesticated the most important dairy animals – cattle, sheep and goats – in southwest asia, although domestic cattle had been independently derived from wild aurochs populations several times since. initially animals were kept for meat, and archaeologist andrew sherratt has suggested that dairying, along with the exploitation of domestic animals for hair and labor, began much later in a separate secondary products revolution in the fourth millennium bc. sherratt's model is not supported by recent findings, based on the analysis of lipid residue in prehistoric pottery, that shows that dairying was practiced in the early phases of agriculture in southwest asia, by at least the seventh millennium bc. from southwest asia domestic dairy animals spread to europe ( beginning around 7000 bc but did not reach britain and scandinavia until after 4000 bc ), and south asia ( 7000 – 5500 bc ). the first farmers in central europe and britain milked their animals. pastoral and pastoral nomadic economies, which rely predominantly or exclusively on domestic animals and their products rather than crop farming, were developed as european farmers moved into the pontic – caspian steppe in the fourth millennium bc, and subsequently spread across much of the eurasian steppe. sheep and goats were introduced to africa from southwest asia, but african cattle may have been independently domesticated around 7000 – 6000 bc. camels, domesticated in central arabia in the fourth millennium bc, have also been used as dairy animals in north africa and the arabian peninsula. the earliest egyptian records of burn treatments describe burn dressings using milk from mothers of male babies. in the rest of the world
Original Instruction:
Scientists in Argentina have created the world's first cow to own two human genes that will enable it to produce human-like milk, which is matchless up to now. It is a breakthrough in the area of clone. Genetic engineering was used to introduce the "mothers' milk" genes into the animal before birth, according to the National Institute of Agribusiness Technology in Buenos Aires. As an adult, the cloned cow "will produce milk that is similar to humans" in what will prove "a development of great importance for the nutrition of infants", it said in a statement. "The cloned cow, named Rosita ISA, is the first one born in the world that owns two human genes that contain the proteins present in human milk," the statement said. In April, scientists in China published details of research showing that they had created GM Holstein dairy cows which produced milk containing proteins found in human breast milk. But the Argentine team says the Chinese only introduced one human gene, whereas their research involved two genes meaning the milk will more closely resemble that of humans. Rosita ISA was born on April 6 and was delivered by Caesarean section because she weighed around 100 pounds, roughly twice the normal weight of Jersey cows. Adrian Mutto, from the National University of San Martin said "Our goal was to raise nutritional value of cows' milk by adding two human genes, the protein lactoferrin and lysozyme, which can provide newly-born babies with anti-bacterial and anti-viral protection." Cristina Kirchner, President of Argentina, said that the scientific institute "makes all proud." She also revealed that she had rejected the "honor" of having the cow named after her. "They came to tell me that the name is Cristina, but what woman would like to have a cow named after her? It appeared to me to be more appropriate to call it Rosita." Lactoferrin and lysozyme in milk _ .
A. are good for babies' health
B. help provide more milk from cow
C. can increase the production of milk
D. can offer more proteins in cow milk
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We can't deny that trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him with wood and other products, they give him shade, and they help to prevent drought and floods. Unfortunately, in many parts of the world man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire but, without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire fell to pieces, the country found itself faced by floods and starvation. Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the villager to see this. The villager wants wood to cook his food, and he can earn money by making charcoal or selling wood to the townsman. He is usually too lazy or too careless to plant and look after trees. So unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests will slowly disappear. This does not only mean that the villagers' sons and grandsons have fewer trees. The results are even more serious. For where there are trees ,their roots break the soil up, allowing the rain to sink in and also bind the soil, thus preventing it being washed away easily, but where there are no trees, the soil becomes hard and poor. The rain falls on hard ground and flows away on the surface, causing floods and carrying away the rich topsoil, in which crops grow so well. When all the topsoil is gone, nothing remains but worthless desert. It's a great pity that _ .
|
[
"man is only interested in building empires",
"man is eager to profit from trees",
"man hasn't realized the importance of trees to him",
"man hasn't found out that he has lost all trees"
] | 2C
|
We can't deny that trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him with wood and other products, they give him shade, and they help to prevent drought and floods. Unfortunately, in many parts of the world man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire but, without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire fell to pieces, the country found itself faced by floods and starvation. Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the villager to see this. The villager wants wood to cook his food, and he can earn money by making charcoal or selling wood to the townsman. He is usually too lazy or too careless to plant and look after trees. So unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests will slowly disappear. This does not only mean that the villagers' sons and grandsons have fewer trees. The results are even more serious. For where there are trees ,their roots break the soil up, allowing the rain to sink in and also bind the soil, thus preventing it being washed away easily, but where there are no trees, the soil becomes hard and poor. The rain falls on hard ground and flows away on the surface, causing floods and carrying away the rich topsoil, in which crops grow so well. When all the topsoil is gone, nothing remains but worthless desert. It's a great pity that _ .
A. man is only interested in building empires
B. man is eager to profit from trees
C. man hasn't realized the importance of trees to him
D. man hasn't found out that he has lost all trees
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C. man hasn't realized the importance of trees to him
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Retrieved:
us with 16 species. leading causes are climate change and invasive pests in the us, and deforestation and urbanization in asia. in the himalayan region of india, oak forests are being invaded by pine trees due to global warming. the associated pine forest species may cross frontiers and integrate into the oak forests. over the past 200 years, large areas of oak forest in the highlands of mexico, central america, and the northern andes have been cleared for coffee plantations and cattle ranching. there is a continuing threat to these forests from exploitation for timber, fuelwood, and charcoal. in the us, entire oak ecosystems have declined due to a combination of factors thought to include fire suppression, increased consumption of acorns by growing mammal populations, herbivory of seedlings, and introduced pests. however, disturbance - tolerant oaks may have benefited from grazers like bison, and suffered when the bison were removed following european colonization. = = culture = = = = = symbols = = = the oak is a widely used symbol of strength and endurance. it is the national tree of many countries, including the us, bulgaria, croatia, cyprus ( golden oak ), estonia, france, germany, moldova, jordan, latvia, lithuania, poland, romania, serbia, and wales. ireland's fifth - largest city, derry, is named for the tree, from irish : doire, meaning'oak '. oak branches are displayed on some german coins, both of the former deutsche mark and the euro. oak leaves symbolize rank in armed forces including those of the united states. arrangements of oak leaves, acorns, and sprigs indicate different branches of the united states navy staff corps officers. the oak tree is used as a symbol by several political parties and organisations. it is the symbol of the conservative party in the united kingdom, and formerly of the progressive democrats in ireland. = = = religion = = = the prehistoric indo - european tribes worshipped the oak and connected it with a thunder god, and this tradition descended to many classical cultures. in greek mythology, the oak is the tree sacred to zeus, king of the gods. in zeus's oracle in dodona, epirus, the sacred oak was the centerpiece of the precinct, and the priests would divine the pronouncements of the god by interpreting the rustling of the oak's leaves. mortals who destroyed such trees were said to be punished by the gods since the ancient greeks believed beings called hamadryads inhabited them. in norse and baltic mythology, the oak
Original Instruction:
We can't deny that trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him with wood and other products, they give him shade, and they help to prevent drought and floods. Unfortunately, in many parts of the world man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire but, without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire fell to pieces, the country found itself faced by floods and starvation. Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the villager to see this. The villager wants wood to cook his food, and he can earn money by making charcoal or selling wood to the townsman. He is usually too lazy or too careless to plant and look after trees. So unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests will slowly disappear. This does not only mean that the villagers' sons and grandsons have fewer trees. The results are even more serious. For where there are trees ,their roots break the soil up, allowing the rain to sink in and also bind the soil, thus preventing it being washed away easily, but where there are no trees, the soil becomes hard and poor. The rain falls on hard ground and flows away on the surface, causing floods and carrying away the rich topsoil, in which crops grow so well. When all the topsoil is gone, nothing remains but worthless desert. It's a great pity that _ .
A. man is only interested in building empires
B. man is eager to profit from trees
C. man hasn't realized the importance of trees to him
D. man hasn't found out that he has lost all trees
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Howie put his plants under a plant light. What was he helping his plants do by providing light?
|
[
"make food",
"attract insects",
"release pollen",
"grow roots"
] | 0A
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Howie put his plants under a plant light. What was he helping his plants do by providing light?
A. make food
B. attract insects
C. release pollen
D. grow roots
|
A. make food
|
Retrieved:
isolated a volume of air under an inverted jar and burned a candle in it ( which gave off co2 ), the candle would burn out very quickly, much before it ran out of wax. he further discovered that a mouse could similarly " injure " air. he then showed that a plant could restore the air the candle and the mouse had " injured. " in 1779, jan ingenhousz repeated priestley's experiments. he discovered that it was the influence of sunlight on the plant that could cause it to revive a mouse in a matter of hours. in 1796, jean senebier, a swiss pastor, botanist, and naturalist, demonstrated that green plants consume carbon dioxide and release oxygen under the influence of light. soon afterward, nicolas - theodore de saussure showed that the increase in mass of the plant as it grows could not be due only to uptake of co2 but also to the incorporation of water. thus, the basic reaction by which organisms use photosynthesis to produce food ( such as glucose ) was outlined. = = = refinements = = = cornelis van niel made key discoveries explaining the chemistry of photosynthesis. by studying purple sulfur bacteria and green bacteria, he was the first to demonstrate that photosynthesis is a light - dependent redox reaction in which hydrogen reduces ( donates its atoms as electrons and protons to ) carbon dioxide. robert emerson discovered two light reactions by testing plant productivity using different wavelengths of light. with the red alone, the light reactions were suppressed. when blue and red were combined, the output was much more substantial. thus, there were two photosystems, one absorbing up to 600 nm wavelengths, the other up to 700 nm. the former is known as psii, the latter is psi. psi contains only chlorophyll " a ", psii contains primarily chlorophyll " a " with most of the available chlorophyll " b ", among other pigments. these include phycobilins, which are the red and blue pigments of red and blue algae, respectively, and fucoxanthol for brown algae and diatoms. the process is most productive when the absorption of quanta is equal in both psii and psi, assuring that input energy from the antenna complex is divided between the psi and psii systems, which in turn powers the photochemistry. robert hill thought that a complex of reactions consisted of an intermediate to cytochrome b6 ( now a
Original Instruction:
Howie put his plants under a plant light. What was he helping his plants do by providing light?
A. make food
B. attract insects
C. release pollen
D. grow roots
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TWENTY-FIVE years ago director Stephen Spielberg captured the hearts of Western audiences with his family classic.E.T.Now his Hong Kong director Stephen Chow is trying to do the same trick in China. Chow's latest movie CJ7(<<>> ),in cinemas now,is a heart-warming story about a poor migrant worker and his son.When a strange alien enters their lives,father and son learn a lesson about the value of family.Chow hopes his movie will help to make family films more popular in China. Family films have been the main part of the Hollywood market for the last 40 years.They have given audiences movies like E.T., Indiana Jones and Jurassic Park.However, there are few of these movies in China, where expensive history films are more popular. A family film is not simply a children's movie.It is a film that is not only suitable for children, but appeals to the whole family. According to Raymound Zhou,a famous film critic,these films are rare in China because "very few families go to the cinema together".Because of this,there is little demand for movies that appeal to the whole family. However, in the West,it is common for the family to sit down and watch a movie together.Tim Bridges, from London,says:"I love it at Christmas when I sit down and watch a movie with my family." All family films contain similar messages about being honest, remaining positive and learning there is more to life than money.According to the American movie reviewer,Dave Johnson, this is because "When parents watch a movie,they want their children to be learning good values". Just like when the alien in Spielberg's E.T.phones home to make contact with his family, Chow will hope Chinese audiences are tuned in and ready to receive his family movie message. What is the family film,according to the passage?
|
[
"A kind of film that is about history.",
"A kind of film in which the characters are animals.",
"A kind of film that is meant for both children and adults",
"A kind of film that is about families"
] | 2C
|
TWENTY-FIVE years ago director Stephen Spielberg captured the hearts of Western audiences with his family classic.E.T.Now his Hong Kong director Stephen Chow is trying to do the same trick in China. Chow's latest movie CJ7(<<>> ),in cinemas now,is a heart-warming story about a poor migrant worker and his son.When a strange alien enters their lives,father and son learn a lesson about the value of family.Chow hopes his movie will help to make family films more popular in China. Family films have been the main part of the Hollywood market for the last 40 years.They have given audiences movies like E.T., Indiana Jones and Jurassic Park.However, there are few of these movies in China, where expensive history films are more popular. A family film is not simply a children's movie.It is a film that is not only suitable for children, but appeals to the whole family. According to Raymound Zhou,a famous film critic,these films are rare in China because "very few families go to the cinema together".Because of this,there is little demand for movies that appeal to the whole family. However, in the West,it is common for the family to sit down and watch a movie together.Tim Bridges, from London,says:"I love it at Christmas when I sit down and watch a movie with my family." All family films contain similar messages about being honest, remaining positive and learning there is more to life than money.According to the American movie reviewer,Dave Johnson, this is because "When parents watch a movie,they want their children to be learning good values". Just like when the alien in Spielberg's E.T.phones home to make contact with his family, Chow will hope Chinese audiences are tuned in and ready to receive his family movie message. What is the family film,according to the passage?
A. A kind of film that is about history.
B. A kind of film in which the characters are animals.
C. A kind of film that is meant for both children and adults
D. A kind of film that is about families
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C. A kind of film that is meant for both children and adults
|
Retrieved:
a normal family ( korean : 보통의 가족 ) is a 2023 south korean drama film directed by hur jin - ho and written by park eun - kyo and park joon - seok, based on the 2009 novel the dinner by herman koch. it is the fourth film adaptation of the novel, following the 2013 dutch film het diner, the 2014 italian film i nostri ragazzi, and the 2017 american film the dinner. the film stars sul kyung - gu, jang dong - gun, kim hee - ae, and claudia kim. it centres on two wealthy families who meet for dinner to discuss and decide how to handle a violent crime committed by their children. the film premiered at the 2023 toronto international film festival on september 14, 2023, and was released in south korea on october 9, 2024. = = plot = = jae - wan is a successful lawyer who is hired to defend a wealthy executive's son who intentionally killed a man and severely injured the man's daughter. jae - wan's younger brother, jae - gyu, is a principled paediatrician who prioritizes his patients'health over personal gain and profit. the brothers and their wives meet monthly and enjoy luxurious meals at high - end restaurants, but when they learn of a violent crime committed by their teenagers, it challenges their moral values and changes the tone of their usual dinner discussions. as the situation escalates, their seemingly close brotherly bond starts to fade. = = cast = = sul kyung - gu as yang jae - wan jang dong - gun as yang jae - gyu kim hee - ae as lee yeon - kyung claudia kim as ji - su hong ye - ji as hye - yoon kim jung - chul as yang si - ho byun joong - hee as jae - wan and jae - gyu's mother choi ri as seon - ju yoo su - bin as hyung - cheol yoo in - sun as na - rae's father = = release = = the film was officially invited to the gala presentation section of the 48th toronto international film festival, where it was screened on september 14, 2023 worldwide, and was invited to 19 overseas film festivals, including the 26th udine far east film festival, the 18th london korean film festival, the 35th palm springs international film festival, and the 26th taipei film festival. it won best screenplay award at the director's fortnight at the 44th fan
Original Instruction:
TWENTY-FIVE years ago director Stephen Spielberg captured the hearts of Western audiences with his family classic.E.T.Now his Hong Kong director Stephen Chow is trying to do the same trick in China. Chow's latest movie CJ7(<<>> ),in cinemas now,is a heart-warming story about a poor migrant worker and his son.When a strange alien enters their lives,father and son learn a lesson about the value of family.Chow hopes his movie will help to make family films more popular in China. Family films have been the main part of the Hollywood market for the last 40 years.They have given audiences movies like E.T., Indiana Jones and Jurassic Park.However, there are few of these movies in China, where expensive history films are more popular. A family film is not simply a children's movie.It is a film that is not only suitable for children, but appeals to the whole family. According to Raymound Zhou,a famous film critic,these films are rare in China because "very few families go to the cinema together".Because of this,there is little demand for movies that appeal to the whole family. However, in the West,it is common for the family to sit down and watch a movie together.Tim Bridges, from London,says:"I love it at Christmas when I sit down and watch a movie with my family." All family films contain similar messages about being honest, remaining positive and learning there is more to life than money.According to the American movie reviewer,Dave Johnson, this is because "When parents watch a movie,they want their children to be learning good values". Just like when the alien in Spielberg's E.T.phones home to make contact with his family, Chow will hope Chinese audiences are tuned in and ready to receive his family movie message. What is the family film,according to the passage?
A. A kind of film that is about history.
B. A kind of film in which the characters are animals.
C. A kind of film that is meant for both children and adults
D. A kind of film that is about families
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||
Companies can increase the money with which they run their business in a number of ways. One way is borrowing money, and another way is buying things with the agreement that payment would be made later. There are also other processes for providing money for use by a company. Two of these processes are described here. One process the company may use is to issue bonds . Bonds are a special kind of promissory note. They are issued in different values, in the forms of money used in different countries, such as the pound in prefix = st1 /Englandor the euro in Europe. These bonds can easily be sold again to other people or to other companies. The company that issues the bonds promises to pay a particular amount of money as interest regularly for a certain period of time. This continues until when the company has to pay back the principal of the bond. Payments of principal and interest must be made on time whether the company has been earning money or not. If these payments are not made on time, it means that the company has not done what it agreed to do and can be sued(,). Another process companies may use is to issue other forms of promissory notes called stocks . Bonds and stocks are opposite methods of providing money for a company. The people who buy stocks provide money that is earned and take part in deciding how the company will conduct its business. They must also take part in the losses. The people who own stocks receive dividends only after the company has paid all of its debts to the people who own bonds. On the other hand, the persons who own bonds have no right, according to the law, to help decide how the company will handle its business, unless it is bankrupt or in danger of becoming so. It can be inferred from this passage that _ .
|
[
"to issue bonds is a better way than to issue stocks",
"stockholders can sue the company when it is bankrupt",
"bondholders have the same rights as stockholders",
"investing in stocks has more risk than in bonds"
] | 3D
|
Companies can increase the money with which they run their business in a number of ways. One way is borrowing money, and another way is buying things with the agreement that payment would be made later. There are also other processes for providing money for use by a company. Two of these processes are described here. One process the company may use is to issue bonds . Bonds are a special kind of promissory note. They are issued in different values, in the forms of money used in different countries, such as the pound in prefix = st1 /Englandor the euro in Europe. These bonds can easily be sold again to other people or to other companies. The company that issues the bonds promises to pay a particular amount of money as interest regularly for a certain period of time. This continues until when the company has to pay back the principal of the bond. Payments of principal and interest must be made on time whether the company has been earning money or not. If these payments are not made on time, it means that the company has not done what it agreed to do and can be sued(,). Another process companies may use is to issue other forms of promissory notes called stocks . Bonds and stocks are opposite methods of providing money for a company. The people who buy stocks provide money that is earned and take part in deciding how the company will conduct its business. They must also take part in the losses. The people who own stocks receive dividends only after the company has paid all of its debts to the people who own bonds. On the other hand, the persons who own bonds have no right, according to the law, to help decide how the company will handle its business, unless it is bankrupt or in danger of becoming so. It can be inferred from this passage that _ .
A. to issue bonds is a better way than to issue stocks
B. stockholders can sue the company when it is bankrupt
C. bondholders have the same rights as stockholders
D. investing in stocks has more risk than in bonds
|
D. investing in stocks has more risk than in bonds
|
Retrieved:
- coupon bonds - or " zeros " ). debt payments can also be made in the form of a sinking fund provision, whereby the corporation pays annual installments of the borrowed debt above regular interest charges. corporations that issue callable bonds are entitled to pay back the obligation in full whenever the company feels it is in their best interest to pay off the debt payments. if interest expenses cannot be made by the corporation through cash payments, the firm may also use collateral assets as a form of repaying their debt obligations ( or through the process of liquidation ). especially re debt funded corporations, see bankruptcy and financial distress. under some treatments ( especially for valuation ) leases are regarded as debt : the payments are set ; they are tax deductible ; failing to make them results in the loss of the asset. corporations can alternatively sell shares of the company to investors to raise capital. investors, or shareholders, expect that there will be an upward trend in value of the company ( or appreciate in value ) over time to make their investment a profitable purchase. as outlined : shareholder value is increased when corporations invest equity capital and other funds into projects ( or investments ) that earn a positive rate of return for the owners. investors then prefer to buy shares of stock in companies that will consistently earn a positive rate of return on capital ( on equity ) in the future, thus increasing the market value of the stock of that corporation. shareholder value may also be increased when corporations payout excess cash surplus ( funds that are not needed for business ) in the form of dividends. internal financing, often, is constituted of retained earnings, i. e. those remaining after dividends ; this provides, per some measures, the cheapest form of funding. preferred stock is a specialized form of financing which combines properties of common stock and debt instruments, and may then be considered a hybrid security. preferreds are senior ( i. e. higher ranking ) to common stock, but subordinate to bonds in terms of claim ( or rights to their share of the assets of the company ). preferred stock usually carries no voting rights, but may carry a dividend and may have priority over common stock in the payment of dividends and upon liquidation. terms of the preferred stock are stated in a " certificate of designation ". similar to bonds, preferred stocks are rated by the major credit - rating companies. the rating for preferreds is generally lower, since preferred dividends do not carry the same guarantees as interest payments from bonds and they are junior to all creditors. preferred stock is then
Original Instruction:
Companies can increase the money with which they run their business in a number of ways. One way is borrowing money, and another way is buying things with the agreement that payment would be made later. There are also other processes for providing money for use by a company. Two of these processes are described here. One process the company may use is to issue bonds . Bonds are a special kind of promissory note. They are issued in different values, in the forms of money used in different countries, such as the pound in prefix = st1 /Englandor the euro in Europe. These bonds can easily be sold again to other people or to other companies. The company that issues the bonds promises to pay a particular amount of money as interest regularly for a certain period of time. This continues until when the company has to pay back the principal of the bond. Payments of principal and interest must be made on time whether the company has been earning money or not. If these payments are not made on time, it means that the company has not done what it agreed to do and can be sued(,). Another process companies may use is to issue other forms of promissory notes called stocks . Bonds and stocks are opposite methods of providing money for a company. The people who buy stocks provide money that is earned and take part in deciding how the company will conduct its business. They must also take part in the losses. The people who own stocks receive dividends only after the company has paid all of its debts to the people who own bonds. On the other hand, the persons who own bonds have no right, according to the law, to help decide how the company will handle its business, unless it is bankrupt or in danger of becoming so. It can be inferred from this passage that _ .
A. to issue bonds is a better way than to issue stocks
B. stockholders can sue the company when it is bankrupt
C. bondholders have the same rights as stockholders
D. investing in stocks has more risk than in bonds
|
||
Some children are natural born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, "operates under the theory of what's mine and what's yours is mine," says his mother. "The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers . Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones." " Examine the extended family, and you'll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It's an _ says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other. Whether it's inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands of the young isn't healthy for children or the family. Fear is at the root of a lot bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, "have secret feelings of weakness" and "a desire to feel safe." It's the parents' role to provide that protection. When a "boss child" doesn't learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coachers, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways. "I see more and more parents giving up their power," says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. They bend too far because they don't want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious. The study on bossy behavior implies that parents _ .
|
[
"should give more power to their children",
"should be strict with their children",
"should not be so anxious about their children",
"should not set limits for their children"
] | 1B
|
Some children are natural born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, "operates under the theory of what's mine and what's yours is mine," says his mother. "The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers . Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones." " Examine the extended family, and you'll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It's an _ says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other. Whether it's inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands of the young isn't healthy for children or the family. Fear is at the root of a lot bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, "have secret feelings of weakness" and "a desire to feel safe." It's the parents' role to provide that protection. When a "boss child" doesn't learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coachers, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways. "I see more and more parents giving up their power," says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. They bend too far because they don't want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious. The study on bossy behavior implies that parents _ .
A. should give more power to their children
B. should be strict with their children
C. should not be so anxious about their children
D. should not set limits for their children
|
B. should be strict with their children
|
Retrieved:
and control over the world through playing and other social interactions. children who successfully pass this stage feel capable and able to lead others, while those who do not are left with a sense of guilt, self - doubt, and lack of initiative. maladaptation – ruthlessness ( e. g. exploitative, uncaring, dispassionate ) malignancy – inhibition ( e. g. risk - averse, unadventurous ) stage 4 – industry vs. inferiority ( 6 years to puberty ) when children interact with others they start to develop a sense of pride in their abilities and accomplishments. when parents, teachers, or peers command and encourage kids, they begin to feel confident in their skills. successfully completing this stage leads to a strong belief in one's ability to handle tasks set in front of them. maladaptation – narrow virtuosity ( e. g. workaholic, obsessive, specialist ) malignancy – inertia ( e. g. lazy, apathetic, purposeless ) stage 5 – identity vs. role confusion ( adolescence ) during adolescent years, children begin to find out who they are. they explore their independence and develop a sense of self. this is erikson's fifth stage, identity vs confusion. completing this stage leads to fidelity, an ability that erikson described as useful to live by society's standards and expectations. maladaptation – fanaticism ( e. g. self - important, extremist ) malignancy – repudiation ( e. g. socially disconnected, cut - off ) stage 6 – intimacy vs. isolation ( early adulthood ) in early adulthood, individuals begin to experience intimate relationships in which they must either commit to relating and connecting to others on a personal level or retreat into isolation, afraid of commitment or vulnerability. being intimate with someone does not always mean having a sexual component ; in a platonic relationship, closeness might take the form of self - disclosure. after reaching this stage, a person is equipped to build strong, enduring relationships with other people. according to psychologist robert sternberg's " triangular theory of love, " companionate love is founded on deep affection, trust, and commitment and develops over time and becomes more prominent in long - term partnerships. in contrast, passionate love is characterized by intense feelings, physical attraction, and excitement and is usually present at the beginning of a relationship. both types of love are thought to be distinct types that can coexist within
Original Instruction:
Some children are natural born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, "operates under the theory of what's mine and what's yours is mine," says his mother. "The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers . Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones." " Examine the extended family, and you'll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It's an _ says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other. Whether it's inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands of the young isn't healthy for children or the family. Fear is at the root of a lot bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, "have secret feelings of weakness" and "a desire to feel safe." It's the parents' role to provide that protection. When a "boss child" doesn't learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coachers, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways. "I see more and more parents giving up their power," says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. They bend too far because they don't want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious. The study on bossy behavior implies that parents _ .
A. should give more power to their children
B. should be strict with their children
C. should not be so anxious about their children
D. should not set limits for their children
|
||
Smart home applications can share all kinds of helpful information with homeowners. There appears a new housing platform which can detect the stress on electricity -- and the stress on the heart. "There is a growing population of elderly people, and there are statistics to show that more and more of them are going to live alone in the home," said Johann Siau, a senior lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire in the U.K., who was leading the InterHome project. The system was originally designed to provide remote access to a house so owners could be more energy-efficient. In a small type of the system, set-in controller devices connect securely to the Internet. The owner can then monitor them with a cell phone or computer. User feedback helps the system adapt to routines, saving on electricity. While thinking about responding to user behavior and an increasingly elderly population, the researchers decided to add wristband technology that senses important organs of the body such as body temperature and pulse, Siau said. "If someone were to fall, it would detect the fall and it would immediately start the monitor of the pulse to see if the person has gone into shock ," he said. The wristband communicates with the home system wirelessly. Data from the band can be securely transmitted to the home network and accessed by authorized users. "We're working on trying to reduce it to a level where it could potentially be a wrist-sized product," Siau said. But he warned that the technology presented new challenges. "When you start using that on a larger scale, you have issues of privacy or security," he said. Siau said the InterHome home system isn't intended to invade privacy. "We're thinking about the elderly people who are living alone with no one looking after them," he said. "Hopefully this will be able to decrease some concerns and possibly save a few lives." The researchers are now trying to make the wristband _ .
|
[
"more sensitive",
"be connected with the Internet",
"available for common people",
"suitable to wear on the wrist"
] | 3D
|
Smart home applications can share all kinds of helpful information with homeowners. There appears a new housing platform which can detect the stress on electricity -- and the stress on the heart. "There is a growing population of elderly people, and there are statistics to show that more and more of them are going to live alone in the home," said Johann Siau, a senior lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire in the U.K., who was leading the InterHome project. The system was originally designed to provide remote access to a house so owners could be more energy-efficient. In a small type of the system, set-in controller devices connect securely to the Internet. The owner can then monitor them with a cell phone or computer. User feedback helps the system adapt to routines, saving on electricity. While thinking about responding to user behavior and an increasingly elderly population, the researchers decided to add wristband technology that senses important organs of the body such as body temperature and pulse, Siau said. "If someone were to fall, it would detect the fall and it would immediately start the monitor of the pulse to see if the person has gone into shock ," he said. The wristband communicates with the home system wirelessly. Data from the band can be securely transmitted to the home network and accessed by authorized users. "We're working on trying to reduce it to a level where it could potentially be a wrist-sized product," Siau said. But he warned that the technology presented new challenges. "When you start using that on a larger scale, you have issues of privacy or security," he said. Siau said the InterHome home system isn't intended to invade privacy. "We're thinking about the elderly people who are living alone with no one looking after them," he said. "Hopefully this will be able to decrease some concerns and possibly save a few lives." The researchers are now trying to make the wristband _ .
A. more sensitive
B. be connected with the Internet
C. available for common people
D. suitable to wear on the wrist
|
D. suitable to wear on the wrist
|
Retrieved:
wireless ambulatory electrocardiography ( ecg ) is a type of ambulatory electrocardiography with recording devices that use wireless technology, such as bluetooth and smartphones, for at - home cardiac monitoring ( monitoring of heart rhythms ). these devices are generally recommended to people who have been previously diagnosed with arrhythmias and want to have them monitored, or for those who have suspected arrhythmias and need to be monitored over an extended period of time in order to be diagnosed. wireless ambulatory ecgs work in a way similar to a regular ecg by measuring the electrical potential of the heart through the skin. the data is saved on an application on a smartphone, and then uploaded to a computer through bluetooth or cloud technologies. the information can also be sent through these technologies or through email to a doctor or cardiac technician. wireless ambulatory ecgs are able to provide voice alarm messages when cardiac abnormalities occur, such as bradycardia, and can record this information and provide a screen prompt for the patient to view the data. the devices can also store mass amounts of ecg data on the phone, replay the ecg readings at a high speed, and have a low - voltage alarm function to not waste the battery life. these characteristics of the devices are seen as benefits in comparison to current ambulatory ecg monitoring equipment such as the holter monitor. = = recent technologies = = 1. cardiosecur active is a smartphone based 15 - lead mobile ecg for patients. while conventional ecg systems use ten electrodes to depict twelve standard leads, cardiosecur requires only four electrodes. cardiosecur's four - electrode technology has been clinically validated and is an alternative to ten electrode systems. it provides an instant and personalized evaluation of ecg recordings and offers patients an immediate recommendation to act according to the applicable guidelines of professional cardiological associations. cardiosecur active allows cardiovascular patients to gain more certainty about their cardiac activity. additionally, it enables physicians to diagnose heart diseases faster as treating physicians can access their patients'ecg recordings through a secure database to which the recordings are automatically uploaded. furthermore, the ecgs can be easily shared via imessage, email, airdrop or airprint. 2. alivecor heart monitors are currently available in the united states, the uk, and ireland. the device is a small handheld single - channel ecg recording device that immediately sends information to a smartphone. recordings can then be sent
Original Instruction:
Smart home applications can share all kinds of helpful information with homeowners. There appears a new housing platform which can detect the stress on electricity -- and the stress on the heart. "There is a growing population of elderly people, and there are statistics to show that more and more of them are going to live alone in the home," said Johann Siau, a senior lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire in the U.K., who was leading the InterHome project. The system was originally designed to provide remote access to a house so owners could be more energy-efficient. In a small type of the system, set-in controller devices connect securely to the Internet. The owner can then monitor them with a cell phone or computer. User feedback helps the system adapt to routines, saving on electricity. While thinking about responding to user behavior and an increasingly elderly population, the researchers decided to add wristband technology that senses important organs of the body such as body temperature and pulse, Siau said. "If someone were to fall, it would detect the fall and it would immediately start the monitor of the pulse to see if the person has gone into shock ," he said. The wristband communicates with the home system wirelessly. Data from the band can be securely transmitted to the home network and accessed by authorized users. "We're working on trying to reduce it to a level where it could potentially be a wrist-sized product," Siau said. But he warned that the technology presented new challenges. "When you start using that on a larger scale, you have issues of privacy or security," he said. Siau said the InterHome home system isn't intended to invade privacy. "We're thinking about the elderly people who are living alone with no one looking after them," he said. "Hopefully this will be able to decrease some concerns and possibly save a few lives." The researchers are now trying to make the wristband _ .
A. more sensitive
B. be connected with the Internet
C. available for common people
D. suitable to wear on the wrist
|
||
If you really want to go green, here's good news: eating green is good for you. The very foods with a high carbon cost---meat, pork, dairy products, processed snacks---also tend to be filled with fat and calories. A green diet would be mostly vegetables and fruits, whole grains, fish and lean meats like chicken---a diet that's eco- and waistline-friendly. Eating green can be healthier and beneficial to the climate. It may be hard to believe that a meal at McDonald's produces more carbon than your trip to a far away place. More than 37% of the world's land is used for agriculture, much of which was once forested. Deforestation is a major source of carbon. The fertilizer and machinery needed on a modern farm also have a large carbon footprint, as does the network of ships and trucks that brings the food from the farm to your plate. The most efficient way to reduce the carbon footprint of your menu is to eat less meat, especially beef. Raising cattle takes a lot more energy than growing the equivalent amount of grains, fruits or vegetables. What's more, the majority of cattle in the U.S. are fed on grain and loads of it---670 million tons in 2002---and the fertilizer used to feed that creates separate environmental problems. Focus on eating lower on the food chain, with more plants and fruits and less meat and dairy. It's simple. We can change today what goes into our bodies for the health of our planet and ourselves. In the author's opinion, the most efficient way to reduce carbon is to _ .
|
[
"eat more vegetables than meat",
"stop raising the cattle",
"plant more grains",
"use less fertilizer"
] | 0A
|
If you really want to go green, here's good news: eating green is good for you. The very foods with a high carbon cost---meat, pork, dairy products, processed snacks---also tend to be filled with fat and calories. A green diet would be mostly vegetables and fruits, whole grains, fish and lean meats like chicken---a diet that's eco- and waistline-friendly. Eating green can be healthier and beneficial to the climate. It may be hard to believe that a meal at McDonald's produces more carbon than your trip to a far away place. More than 37% of the world's land is used for agriculture, much of which was once forested. Deforestation is a major source of carbon. The fertilizer and machinery needed on a modern farm also have a large carbon footprint, as does the network of ships and trucks that brings the food from the farm to your plate. The most efficient way to reduce the carbon footprint of your menu is to eat less meat, especially beef. Raising cattle takes a lot more energy than growing the equivalent amount of grains, fruits or vegetables. What's more, the majority of cattle in the U.S. are fed on grain and loads of it---670 million tons in 2002---and the fertilizer used to feed that creates separate environmental problems. Focus on eating lower on the food chain, with more plants and fruits and less meat and dairy. It's simple. We can change today what goes into our bodies for the health of our planet and ourselves. In the author's opinion, the most efficient way to reduce carbon is to _ .
A. eat more vegetables than meat
B. stop raising the cattle
C. plant more grains
D. use less fertilizer
|
A. eat more vegetables than meat
|
Retrieved:
challenge of limiting greenhouse gas emissions, preventing the further conversion of forests to agricultural land, and meeting increases in world food demand. a set of actions could reduce agriculture and forestry - based emissions by two - thirds from 2010 levels. these include reducing growth in demand for food and other agricultural products, increasing land productivity, protecting and restoring forests, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural production. on the demand side, a key component of reducing emissions is shifting people towards plant - based diets. eliminating the production of livestock for meat and dairy would eliminate about 3 / 4ths of all emissions from agriculture and other land use. livestock also occupy 37 % of ice - free land area on earth and consume feed from the 12 % of land area used for crops, driving deforestation and land degradation. steel and cement production are responsible for about 13 % of industrial co2 emissions. in these industries, carbon - intensive materials such as coke and lime play an integral role in the production, so that reducing co2 emissions requires research into alternative chemistries. where energy production or co2 - intensive heavy industries continue to produce waste co2, technology can sometimes be used to capture and store most of the gas instead of releasing it to the atmosphere. this technology, carbon capture and storage ( ccs ), could have a critical but limited role in reducing emissions. it is relatively expensive and has been deployed only to an extent that removes around 0. 1 % of annual greenhouse gas emissions. = = = carbon dioxide removal = = = natural carbon sinks can be enhanced to sequester significantly larger amounts of co2 beyond naturally occurring levels. reforestation and afforestation ( planting forests where there were none before ) are among the most mature sequestration techniques, although the latter raises food security concerns. farmers can promote sequestration of carbon in soils through practices such as use of winter cover crops, reducing the intensity and frequency of tillage, and using compost and manure as soil amendments. forest and landscape restoration yields many benefits for the climate, including greenhouse gas emissions sequestration and reduction. restoration / recreation of coastal wetlands, prairie plots and seagrass meadows increases the uptake of carbon into organic matter. when carbon is sequestered in soils and in organic matter such as trees, there is a risk of the carbon being re - released into the atmosphere later through changes in land use, fire, or other changes in ecosystems. the use of bioenergy in conjunction with carbon capture and storage ( beccs ) can result in net negative emissions as co
Original Instruction:
If you really want to go green, here's good news: eating green is good for you. The very foods with a high carbon cost---meat, pork, dairy products, processed snacks---also tend to be filled with fat and calories. A green diet would be mostly vegetables and fruits, whole grains, fish and lean meats like chicken---a diet that's eco- and waistline-friendly. Eating green can be healthier and beneficial to the climate. It may be hard to believe that a meal at McDonald's produces more carbon than your trip to a far away place. More than 37% of the world's land is used for agriculture, much of which was once forested. Deforestation is a major source of carbon. The fertilizer and machinery needed on a modern farm also have a large carbon footprint, as does the network of ships and trucks that brings the food from the farm to your plate. The most efficient way to reduce the carbon footprint of your menu is to eat less meat, especially beef. Raising cattle takes a lot more energy than growing the equivalent amount of grains, fruits or vegetables. What's more, the majority of cattle in the U.S. are fed on grain and loads of it---670 million tons in 2002---and the fertilizer used to feed that creates separate environmental problems. Focus on eating lower on the food chain, with more plants and fruits and less meat and dairy. It's simple. We can change today what goes into our bodies for the health of our planet and ourselves. In the author's opinion, the most efficient way to reduce carbon is to _ .
A. eat more vegetables than meat
B. stop raising the cattle
C. plant more grains
D. use less fertilizer
|
||
The ratio of an object's mass to its volume is its
|
[
"area.",
"perimeter.",
"density.",
"weight."
] | 2C
|
The ratio of an object's mass to its volume is its
A. area.
B. perimeter.
C. density.
D. weight.
|
C. density.
|
Retrieved:
the area density ( also known as areal density, surface density, superficial density, areic density, column density, or density thickness ) of a two - dimensional object is calculated as the mass per unit area. the si derived unit is the " kilogram per square metre " ( kg · m−2 ). in the paper and fabric industries, it is called grammage and is expressed in grams per square meter ( g / m2 ) ; for paper in particular, it may be expressed as pounds per ream of standard sizes ( " basis ream " ). a related area number density can be defined by replacing mass by number of particles or other countable quantity, with resulting units of m−2. = = formulation = = area density can be calculated as : ρ a = m a { \ displaystyle \ rho _ { a } = { \ frac { m } { a } } } or ρ a = ρ ⋅ l, { \ displaystyle \ rho _ { a } = \ rho \ cdot l, } where ρa is the average area density, m is the total mass of the object, a is the total area of the object, ρ is the average density, and l is the average thickness of the object. = = column density = = a special type of area density is called column density ( also columnar mass density or simply column density ), denoted ρa or σ. it is the mass of substance per unit area integrated along a path ; it is obtained integrating volumetric density ρ { \ displaystyle \ rho } over a column : σ = ρ d s. { \ displaystyle \ sigma = \ int \ rho \, \ mathrm { d } s. } in general the integration path can be slant or oblique incidence ( as in, for example, line of sight propagation in atmospheric physics ). a common special case is a vertical path, from the bottom to the top of the medium : σ = ρ d z, { \ displaystyle \ sigma = \ int \ rho \, \ mathrm { d } z, } where z { \ displaystyle z } denotes the vertical coordinate ( e. g., height or depth ). columnar density ρ a { \ displaystyle \ rho _ { a } } is closely related to the vertically averaged volumetric density ρ { \ displaystyle { \ bar { \ rho } } } as ρ = ρ a δ z, { \ displaystyle {
Original Instruction:
The ratio of an object's mass to its volume is its
A. area.
B. perimeter.
C. density.
D. weight.
|
||
Although English is not as old as Chinese , it is spoken by many people around the world every day. English speakers are always creating new words and we are often able to know where most words come from. Sometimes, however, no one may really know where a word comes from. Did you ever think about why hamburgers are called hamburgers, especially when they are not made with ham? About a hundred years ago, some men went to America from Europe. They came from a big city in Germany called Hamburg. They didn't speak good English, but they ate good food. When some Americans saw them eating round piece of beef, they asked the Germans what it was. The Germans didn't understand the question and answered, "We come from Hamburg." One of these Americans owned a restaurant, and had an idea. He cooked some round piece of bread and started selling them. Such bread came to be called "hamburgers". Today, "hamburgers" are sold in many countries around the world. Whether this story is true or not, it certainly is interesting. Knowing why any word has a certain meaning is interesting, too. This reason, for most English words, can be found in any large English dictionary. Hamburg is _
|
[
"a kind of food",
"a round piece of beef",
"the name of a village",
"a city in Germany"
] | 3D
|
Although English is not as old as Chinese , it is spoken by many people around the world every day. English speakers are always creating new words and we are often able to know where most words come from. Sometimes, however, no one may really know where a word comes from. Did you ever think about why hamburgers are called hamburgers, especially when they are not made with ham? About a hundred years ago, some men went to America from Europe. They came from a big city in Germany called Hamburg. They didn't speak good English, but they ate good food. When some Americans saw them eating round piece of beef, they asked the Germans what it was. The Germans didn't understand the question and answered, "We come from Hamburg." One of these Americans owned a restaurant, and had an idea. He cooked some round piece of bread and started selling them. Such bread came to be called "hamburgers". Today, "hamburgers" are sold in many countries around the world. Whether this story is true or not, it certainly is interesting. Knowing why any word has a certain meaning is interesting, too. This reason, for most English words, can be found in any large English dictionary. Hamburg is _
A. a kind of food
B. a round piece of beef
C. the name of a village
D. a city in Germany
|
D. a city in Germany
|
Retrieved:
while the other route was inheritance followed by borrowing. in english this means one word inherited from a germanic source, with, e. g., a latinate cognate term borrowed from latin or a romance language. in english this is most common with words which can be traced back to indo - european languages, which in many cases share the same proto - indo - european root, such as romance beef and germanic cow. however, in some cases the branching is more recent, dating only to proto - germanic, not to pie ; many words of germanic origin occur in french and other latinate languages, and hence in some cases were both inherited by english ( from proto - germanic ) and borrowed from french or another source – see list of english latinates of germanic origin. the forward linguistic path also reflects cultural and historical transactions ; often the name of an animal comes from germanic while the name of its cooked meat comes from romance. since english is unusual in that it borrowed heavily from two distinct branches of the same language family tree – germanic and latinate / romance – it has a relatively high number of this latter type of etymological twin. see list of germanic and latinate equivalents in english for further examples and discussion. less commonly, a native word may be borrowed into a foreign language, then reborrowed back into the original language, existing alongside the original term. an english example is animation and anime " japanese animation ", which was reborrowed from japanese アニメ anime. such a word is sometimes called a ruckwanderer ( german for " one who wanders back " ). = = = borrowed origin = = = in case of twins of foreign origin, which consist of two borrowings ( of related terms ), one can distinguish if the borrowing is of a term and a descendant, or of two cognate terms ( siblings ). etymological twins are often a result of chronologically separate borrowing from a source language. in the case of english, this usually means once from french during the norman invasion, and again later, after the word had evolved separately in french. an example of this is warranty and guarantee. another possibility is borrowing from both a language and its daughter language. in english this is usually latin and some other romance language, particularly french – see latin influence in english. the distinction between this and the previous is whether the source language has changed to a different language or not. less directly, a term may be borrowed both directly from a source language and indirectly via an intermediate language
Original Instruction:
Although English is not as old as Chinese , it is spoken by many people around the world every day. English speakers are always creating new words and we are often able to know where most words come from. Sometimes, however, no one may really know where a word comes from. Did you ever think about why hamburgers are called hamburgers, especially when they are not made with ham? About a hundred years ago, some men went to America from Europe. They came from a big city in Germany called Hamburg. They didn't speak good English, but they ate good food. When some Americans saw them eating round piece of beef, they asked the Germans what it was. The Germans didn't understand the question and answered, "We come from Hamburg." One of these Americans owned a restaurant, and had an idea. He cooked some round piece of bread and started selling them. Such bread came to be called "hamburgers". Today, "hamburgers" are sold in many countries around the world. Whether this story is true or not, it certainly is interesting. Knowing why any word has a certain meaning is interesting, too. This reason, for most English words, can be found in any large English dictionary. Hamburg is _
A. a kind of food
B. a round piece of beef
C. the name of a village
D. a city in Germany
|
||
Over the last six years I have learned what patience is. Growing up I did not have this virtue and it is a very important virtue to have. Now I can see that if you are patient you will almost always get what you want if you are supposed to have it. I gained patience when I lost my freedom. I knew that I would eventually get it back in time. I was locked up in prison for a period of six years because at 19 years old I was playing with a handgun and I accidentally shot and killed my friend. The first couple of years was the hardest.I was always stressed out about everything.Time was dragging by because I was always paying attention to it.While I was locked up,Tom who I talked to helped put this virtue in me.He told me that it was possible that he would never make it home but that being patient and believing that one day he would was what had made him feel better.After a while I realized why he said a lot of things to me.Once I stopped paying attention to the days and just kept in mind that I would get freedom,it seemed that my time passed quickly. Now I am home and can see that patience paid off for me. I now use this virtue in my daily activities. I know that sometimes life gets hard and that it will pay in the end to stay patient and not to get discouraged. So if you are having a hard time in life,be patient and it will eventually work out one way or another. During the first few years when he was in prison the writer _ .
|
[
"made a couple of good friends",
"thought time passed too slowly",
"felt his life was full of unexpected things",
"was very nervous and frightened"
] | 1B
|
Over the last six years I have learned what patience is. Growing up I did not have this virtue and it is a very important virtue to have. Now I can see that if you are patient you will almost always get what you want if you are supposed to have it. I gained patience when I lost my freedom. I knew that I would eventually get it back in time. I was locked up in prison for a period of six years because at 19 years old I was playing with a handgun and I accidentally shot and killed my friend. The first couple of years was the hardest.I was always stressed out about everything.Time was dragging by because I was always paying attention to it.While I was locked up,Tom who I talked to helped put this virtue in me.He told me that it was possible that he would never make it home but that being patient and believing that one day he would was what had made him feel better.After a while I realized why he said a lot of things to me.Once I stopped paying attention to the days and just kept in mind that I would get freedom,it seemed that my time passed quickly. Now I am home and can see that patience paid off for me. I now use this virtue in my daily activities. I know that sometimes life gets hard and that it will pay in the end to stay patient and not to get discouraged. So if you are having a hard time in life,be patient and it will eventually work out one way or another. During the first few years when he was in prison the writer _ .
A. made a couple of good friends
B. thought time passed too slowly
C. felt his life was full of unexpected things
D. was very nervous and frightened
|
B. thought time passed too slowly
|
Retrieved:
the soc are necessary, they are of unequal centrality. meaningfulness seems the most crucial. without this motivational component, strong comprehensibility and manageability are likely to be temporary. when a person is committed and caring, however, the way is open to gaining understanding and resources. = = = mechanisms shaping soc : life experiences = = = how does the interaction of life situation, stressors and grrs contribute to shaping and strengthening the soc? antonovsky answers that it is through the pattern of one's life experiences and how they determine the three dimensions of the soc : “ consistent experiences provide the basis for the comprehensibility component ; a good load balance, for the manageability component ; and, least clear of all, participation in shaping outcome, for the meaningfulness component. ” although chronic resources and chronic stressors ( see section on life situation ), lay the foundation for the soc, antonovsky also states : “ paradoxically, then, a measure of unpredictable experiences – which call forth hitherto unknown resources – is essential for a strong sense of coherence ”. stressor life events thus strengthen the soc through “ potentiation ”, demanding a re - orientation and use of new resources “ thereby enriching one ’ s repertoire. ” degrees of consistency : antonovsky explains that humans ’ need for stability is formed by consistent experiences. “ but without rules, guidelines, criteria for setting priorities ; without some significant thread of continuity between past, present and future ; without some degree of harmony, we are lost. a strong soc is linked to perceptions of stable values and rules that can be applied flexibly across situations, and which are constantly examined and developed by incorporating new experiences into the guiding set of rules. load balance : “ load experiences are those which make demands upon us to act, to mobilize resources for task performance. ” overload occurs when there are not enough resources to meet demand and underload occurs when “ life is so structured that one ’ s skills, abilities, interests and potential have no channel for expression. ” “ much as unused muscles atrophy, so do unused skills, capacities and potentialities. ” again, antonovsky stresses that this varies across cultural settings. load balance occurs when we believe we have resources at our disposal to meet the demand. antonovsky notes that even when the demands are on an individual, the resources may be collectively provided – also described as “ in the hands of legitimate others. ” participation : antonovsky points out that life experiences that shape meaningfulness are
Original Instruction:
Over the last six years I have learned what patience is. Growing up I did not have this virtue and it is a very important virtue to have. Now I can see that if you are patient you will almost always get what you want if you are supposed to have it. I gained patience when I lost my freedom. I knew that I would eventually get it back in time. I was locked up in prison for a period of six years because at 19 years old I was playing with a handgun and I accidentally shot and killed my friend. The first couple of years was the hardest.I was always stressed out about everything.Time was dragging by because I was always paying attention to it.While I was locked up,Tom who I talked to helped put this virtue in me.He told me that it was possible that he would never make it home but that being patient and believing that one day he would was what had made him feel better.After a while I realized why he said a lot of things to me.Once I stopped paying attention to the days and just kept in mind that I would get freedom,it seemed that my time passed quickly. Now I am home and can see that patience paid off for me. I now use this virtue in my daily activities. I know that sometimes life gets hard and that it will pay in the end to stay patient and not to get discouraged. So if you are having a hard time in life,be patient and it will eventually work out one way or another. During the first few years when he was in prison the writer _ .
A. made a couple of good friends
B. thought time passed too slowly
C. felt his life was full of unexpected things
D. was very nervous and frightened
|
||
Frog eggs hatch into tadpoles, and then tadpoles gradually develop into frogs. This process is known as
|
[
"adolescence.",
"crossbreeding.",
"regeneration.",
"metamorphosis."
] | 3D
|
Frog eggs hatch into tadpoles, and then tadpoles gradually develop into frogs. This process is known as
A. adolescence.
B. crossbreeding.
C. regeneration.
D. metamorphosis.
|
D. metamorphosis.
|
Retrieved:
##portunistically following oviposition. since nutritional intake is reduced, there is a decrease in body weight in females. females of the red - backed salamander make a substantial parental investment in terms of clutch size and brooding behavior. when brooding, females usually do not leave their eggs to forage but rather rely upon their fat reserves and any resources they encounter at their oviposition site. in addition, females could experience metabolic costs while safeguarding their offspring from desiccation, intruders, and predators. = = = = time investment = = = = the plasticity of tadpoles may play a role in the weaning conflict in egg - feeding frogs, in which the offspring prefer to devote resources to growth, while the mother prefers nutrients to help her young become independent. a similar conflict happens in direct - developing frogs that care for clutches, with protected tadpoles having the advantage of a slower, safer development, but they need to be ready to reach independence rapidly due to the risks of predation or desiccation. in the neotropical zimmerman ’ s poison frog, the males provide a specific parental care in the form of transportation. the tadpoles are cannibalistic, hence why the males typically separate them from their siblings after hatching by transporting them to small bodies of water. however, in some cases parents do not transport their tadpoles but let them all hatch into the same pool. in order to escape their cannibalistic siblings, the tadpoles will actively seek transportative parental care. when a male frog approaches the water body in which the tadpoles had been deposited in, tadpoles will almost “ jump ” on the back of the adult, mimicking an attack, while adults would not assist with this movement. while this is an obvious example of sibling conflict, the one - sided interaction between tadpoles and frogs could be seen as a form of parent - offspring conflict, in which the offspring attempts to extract more from the interaction than the parent is willing to provide. in this scenario, a tadpole climbing onto an unwilling frog — who enters the pool for reasons other than tadpole transportation, such as egg deposition, cooling off, or sleeping — might be analogous to mammalian offspring seeking to nurse after weaning. in times of danger, the tadpoles of zimmerman ’ s poison frog don't passively await parental assistance but instead exhibit an almost aggressive approach in mounting the adult frogs. = = = = trade - offs with mating = = = = reproductive
Original Instruction:
Frog eggs hatch into tadpoles, and then tadpoles gradually develop into frogs. This process is known as
A. adolescence.
B. crossbreeding.
C. regeneration.
D. metamorphosis.
|
||
Helen Keller was a US author and public speaker who became blind and deaf at the age of 19 months. Anne Sullivan became her teacher in 1887 and taught her to read, write, use sign language and speak. Keller received degree from Radcliffe College in 1904 and spent the rest of her life encouraging others with difficulties like hers to overcome them. Her books include The story of My Life (1902) and Out of the Dark(1913). Her life was the subject of the play The Miracle Worker When she was 19 _ old, Helen Keller became blind and deaf.
|
[
"days",
"years",
"months",
"seconds"
] | 2C
|
Helen Keller was a US author and public speaker who became blind and deaf at the age of 19 months. Anne Sullivan became her teacher in 1887 and taught her to read, write, use sign language and speak. Keller received degree from Radcliffe College in 1904 and spent the rest of her life encouraging others with difficulties like hers to overcome them. Her books include The story of My Life (1902) and Out of the Dark(1913). Her life was the subject of the play The Miracle Worker When she was 19 _ old, Helen Keller became blind and deaf.
A. days
B. years
C. months
D. seconds
|
C. months
|
Retrieved:
##man. encyclopedia of deafness and hearing disorders. facts on file, 1992. van cleve, john v. gallaudet encyclopedia of deaf people and deafness. mcgraw - hill, 1987. = = = = = = vision impairment = = = = = = sardegna, jill & t. otis paul. the encyclopedia of blindness and vision impairment. facts on file, 1991. = = = = = women's health = = = = = ammer, christine. the new a to z of women's health : a concise encyclopedia. facts on file, 1989. foley, denise and eileen nechas. women's encyclopedia of health & emotional healing. rodale, 1993. new our bodies, ourselves. rev. ed., simon & schuster, 1992. = = = = medicine = = = = bailey, hamilton, w. j. bishop, harold ellis. bailey and bishop's notable names in medicine and surgery. lewis, 1983. isbn 0718604660. bendiner, jessica, elmer bendiner. biographical dictionary of medicine. facts on file, 1990. isbn 0816018642. berkow, robert. the merck manual of diagnosis and therapy. 16th ed., merck, 1992. bremer, sydney, jeffrey h. miller, william broughton. encyclopedia of genetics. academic press, 2002. isbn 0122270800. bynum, w. f., helen bynum. dictionary of medical biography. greenwood press, 2006. isbn 0313328773. clayman, charles b. the american medical association encyclopedia of medicine. random house, 1989. delves, peter j., ivan m. roitt. encyclopedia of immunology. academic press, 1998. isbn 0122267656. fischer, isidor. biographisches lexikon der hervorragenden arzte der letzten 50 jahre. 1932 – 33. ganten, detlev, klaus ruckpaul. encyclopedic reference of genomics and proteomics in molecular medicine. springer, 2005. isbn 3540442448. gomez, joan. dictionary of symptoms. rev. ed., stein & day, 1985. griffith, h. winter. complete guide to symptoms, illness & surgery. 2nd ed., price stern sloan, 1989. hafner, arthur wayne, fred w. hunter, b. michael tarpey. directory of deceased american physicians, 1804 – 1929
Original Instruction:
Helen Keller was a US author and public speaker who became blind and deaf at the age of 19 months. Anne Sullivan became her teacher in 1887 and taught her to read, write, use sign language and speak. Keller received degree from Radcliffe College in 1904 and spent the rest of her life encouraging others with difficulties like hers to overcome them. Her books include The story of My Life (1902) and Out of the Dark(1913). Her life was the subject of the play The Miracle Worker When she was 19 _ old, Helen Keller became blind and deaf.
A. days
B. years
C. months
D. seconds
|
||
His parents were out and dropped him at the babysitter's house at 12 o'clock. Lunchtime had past, but later the babysitter fixed him a dinner of some kind of brown meat. Under the meat was a slice of dry toast. Timmy didn't like the dinner and wished he had spaghetti or pizza. Even if it wasn't what he wanted, the meal filled his tummy and stopped the hunger pains. Timmy was bored and wanted something to do, but he didn't have any toys. All he had was some paper, his toothbrush and toothpaste. He wished he was home where he had left his favorite toy race car and train. The house was quiet and nighttime was near. He pretended he was camping. It was 8 o'clock and the streetlight came on and shined through the curtain, making scary shadows on the wall. He looked through the trash in the babysitter's extra room but couldn't find anything useful. If he at least had some markers or crayons he could draw some pictures, but he didn't even have a pencil. Timmy thought for a bit and found he could make a toy boat. He folded the paper into a mighty ship. In his imagination the little boat was in a storm on a dark sea. Danger was all around. The imaginary men on his paper boat were facing the storm bravely and sailed into safety as he was falling asleep. What did Timmy have for dinner?
|
[
"spaghetti",
"hamburger and fries",
"pizza",
"Meat and toast"
] | 3D
|
His parents were out and dropped him at the babysitter's house at 12 o'clock. Lunchtime had past, but later the babysitter fixed him a dinner of some kind of brown meat. Under the meat was a slice of dry toast. Timmy didn't like the dinner and wished he had spaghetti or pizza. Even if it wasn't what he wanted, the meal filled his tummy and stopped the hunger pains. Timmy was bored and wanted something to do, but he didn't have any toys. All he had was some paper, his toothbrush and toothpaste. He wished he was home where he had left his favorite toy race car and train. The house was quiet and nighttime was near. He pretended he was camping. It was 8 o'clock and the streetlight came on and shined through the curtain, making scary shadows on the wall. He looked through the trash in the babysitter's extra room but couldn't find anything useful. If he at least had some markers or crayons he could draw some pictures, but he didn't even have a pencil. Timmy thought for a bit and found he could make a toy boat. He folded the paper into a mighty ship. In his imagination the little boat was in a storm on a dark sea. Danger was all around. The imaginary men on his paper boat were facing the storm bravely and sailed into safety as he was falling asleep. What did Timmy have for dinner?
A. spaghetti
B. hamburger and fries
C. pizza
D. Meat and toast
|
D. Meat and toast
|
Retrieved:
struggle with pictures, two - and - a - half - year - old children were more successful at the retrieval task when shown the correct location in a picture of the room, finding the hidden toy in 80 % of trials. this is very interesting as it contradicts current literature that shows pictures to be less effective than 3d models in cognitive activities such as learning and memory. these results show that, for young children, dual representation is more easily achieved using 2d pictures than 3d models. this observation led researchers to believe it was the simplicity of the pictures in relation to the model room that contributed to the success of children in completing the retrieval task. this hypothesis was tested using only a few pieces of furniture from the model room rather than the entire model to give the children fewer items to focus on. the furniture was arranged in a similar orientation to the corresponding furniture in the life - sized room. the two - and - a - half - year - old children then watched an experimenter hide a miniature toy under one of the model - sized pieces of furniture and were then asked to find the larger version in the life - sized room. the children were very unsuccessful in the retrieval task, demonstrating that the success found in the picture tasks was not a result of simpler models. other studies have found that distancing the symbolic object from the child also aids in dual representation. in one study, a model of the larger room was placed behind a window so that the child could see the model but not touch it. the child was shown where the toy was hidden in the model and then asked to find the toy in the larger room. the children were able to find the toy on their first try in 54 % of the trials. in another study, the symbolic object was made more accessible to the children with the expectation that dual representation would be more difficult to achieve. instead of placing the model behind a window, the children were allowed to play with the model before the retrieval task. the children were only able to find the hidden toy in 44 % of trials, indicating that direct interaction with the model made it more difficult for the children to view the object symbolically. additional studies found that models closer in size to the real room resulted in a greater success as did model furniture that more closely resembled the life - sized furniture. as a child ages, dual representation becomes less challenging. this is likely assisted by other developmental accomplishments, including the ability to inhibit an initial response to a symbolic object, and increased experience with symbols. = = = the credible shrinking room = = = after
Original Instruction:
His parents were out and dropped him at the babysitter's house at 12 o'clock. Lunchtime had past, but later the babysitter fixed him a dinner of some kind of brown meat. Under the meat was a slice of dry toast. Timmy didn't like the dinner and wished he had spaghetti or pizza. Even if it wasn't what he wanted, the meal filled his tummy and stopped the hunger pains. Timmy was bored and wanted something to do, but he didn't have any toys. All he had was some paper, his toothbrush and toothpaste. He wished he was home where he had left his favorite toy race car and train. The house was quiet and nighttime was near. He pretended he was camping. It was 8 o'clock and the streetlight came on and shined through the curtain, making scary shadows on the wall. He looked through the trash in the babysitter's extra room but couldn't find anything useful. If he at least had some markers or crayons he could draw some pictures, but he didn't even have a pencil. Timmy thought for a bit and found he could make a toy boat. He folded the paper into a mighty ship. In his imagination the little boat was in a storm on a dark sea. Danger was all around. The imaginary men on his paper boat were facing the storm bravely and sailed into safety as he was falling asleep. What did Timmy have for dinner?
A. spaghetti
B. hamburger and fries
C. pizza
D. Meat and toast
|
||
My son was a second-grader. He went to school by bus every day. He was the first student on in the morning, as we were farthest from school, and the last student off in the evening. I was a teacher myself and it was a comfort to realize the school staff were all working as hard as I was to provide a safe learning environment. One day I came home from work and waited for my son to get home for a long time. Then I called the school. "Perhaps he's just a bit late," said the secretary. "I will call the driver to see if those children are home." A few minutes later, I answered the phone to hear that the other students were home. Then I called his friends' parents, to see if perhaps he had gotten off at their stop to play. The answers were all "No." By that time, it was dark and I was scared. My home was in the mountain areas, and it was said that a wolf had come up somewhere. My husband wasn't at home, so I forced myself to calm down and decided to go out to look for him. I was about to go out when the telephone rang; it was from the driver. "He's okay," I heard. "He was asleep on the seats in the back, under a couple of jackets. Since it's dark, can he spend the night with my family?" I was relieved and agreed. Since my son had a great adventure, the school started giving a copy of the list to the driver, so he could check off the children's names when they got off the bus. I think highly of the school for taking the cautionary step ahead; it is a sign of their concern for students, parents, and staff. At first the secretary thought _ .
|
[
"the author's son was still at school",
"the school bus would arrive in a while",
"the author's son was at his friend's home",
"there might be something wrong with the school bus"
] | 1B
|
My son was a second-grader. He went to school by bus every day. He was the first student on in the morning, as we were farthest from school, and the last student off in the evening. I was a teacher myself and it was a comfort to realize the school staff were all working as hard as I was to provide a safe learning environment. One day I came home from work and waited for my son to get home for a long time. Then I called the school. "Perhaps he's just a bit late," said the secretary. "I will call the driver to see if those children are home." A few minutes later, I answered the phone to hear that the other students were home. Then I called his friends' parents, to see if perhaps he had gotten off at their stop to play. The answers were all "No." By that time, it was dark and I was scared. My home was in the mountain areas, and it was said that a wolf had come up somewhere. My husband wasn't at home, so I forced myself to calm down and decided to go out to look for him. I was about to go out when the telephone rang; it was from the driver. "He's okay," I heard. "He was asleep on the seats in the back, under a couple of jackets. Since it's dark, can he spend the night with my family?" I was relieved and agreed. Since my son had a great adventure, the school started giving a copy of the list to the driver, so he could check off the children's names when they got off the bus. I think highly of the school for taking the cautionary step ahead; it is a sign of their concern for students, parents, and staff. At first the secretary thought _ .
A. the author's son was still at school
B. the school bus would arrive in a while
C. the author's son was at his friend's home
D. there might be something wrong with the school bus
|
B. the school bus would arrive in a while
|
Retrieved:
, throw a party next weekend. helen : a party at number 30! what will dorothy say about that? clarrie : well, what she doesn't know won't hurt her. of course, i'll be keeping my eye on things, and ( signal of opening ) that brings me to my next problem. ( explain problem ) you see, these young people, they don't want an old codger like me poking my nose in, so i'll make myself scarce, but i still need to be closer to hand, you see. so, ( ask favor ) i was wondering, would it be all right if i came over here on the night? what d'you reckon? helen : oh, clarrie, i... clarrie : oh ( minimization ) i'd be no bother. ( reinforce explanation ) it'd mean a heck of a lot to those kids. helen : all right. clarrie : ( thank with boost ) i knew you'd say yes. you're an angel, helen. helen : ha! ( laughs ) all of this is done in attempt to avoid imposition on the hearer. negative politeness is concerned with proceeding towards a goal in the smoothest way and with sensitivity to one's interlocutors. in english, deference ('excuse me, sir, could you please close the window') is associated with the avoidance or downplaying of an imposition ; the more one feels they might be imposing, the more deferential one might be. it is clearly a strategy for negative politeness and the redressing of a threat to negative face, through actions such as favor - seeking. = = = off - record ( indirect ) = = = the final politeness strategy outlined by brown and levinson is the indirect strategy ; this strategy uses indirect language and removes the speaker from the potential to be imposing. the strategy of doing off - record is to express something general or different than the speaker's true meaning and relies on the hearer's interpretation to have the speaker's purpose get conveyed. the speaker can get credit for not imposing on the hearer or give the hearer a chance to be helpful and generous. this strategy relies heavily on pragmatics to convey the intended meaning while still utilizing the semantic meaning as a way to avoid losing face ( see below in choice of strategy ). = = = = situations and examples = = = = · minimizing
Original Instruction:
My son was a second-grader. He went to school by bus every day. He was the first student on in the morning, as we were farthest from school, and the last student off in the evening. I was a teacher myself and it was a comfort to realize the school staff were all working as hard as I was to provide a safe learning environment. One day I came home from work and waited for my son to get home for a long time. Then I called the school. "Perhaps he's just a bit late," said the secretary. "I will call the driver to see if those children are home." A few minutes later, I answered the phone to hear that the other students were home. Then I called his friends' parents, to see if perhaps he had gotten off at their stop to play. The answers were all "No." By that time, it was dark and I was scared. My home was in the mountain areas, and it was said that a wolf had come up somewhere. My husband wasn't at home, so I forced myself to calm down and decided to go out to look for him. I was about to go out when the telephone rang; it was from the driver. "He's okay," I heard. "He was asleep on the seats in the back, under a couple of jackets. Since it's dark, can he spend the night with my family?" I was relieved and agreed. Since my son had a great adventure, the school started giving a copy of the list to the driver, so he could check off the children's names when they got off the bus. I think highly of the school for taking the cautionary step ahead; it is a sign of their concern for students, parents, and staff. At first the secretary thought _ .
A. the author's son was still at school
B. the school bus would arrive in a while
C. the author's son was at his friend's home
D. there might be something wrong with the school bus
|
||
The world is not only hungry, it will also be thirsty for water. About 97% of water on the earth is sea water, or salty water. Man can only drink or use the other 3% of the fresh water which comes from rivers, lakes and underground. The sea is very big. Look at the map of the world, there is more sea than land. It covers quarters of the earth, it looks very beautiful when the sun is shinning on it. But it can be terrible when there is a strong wind. Some parts of the sea are very deep. There is one place near Japan. It's nearly 11 kilometers high. If we put that mountain into the sea at that place, there would be 2 kilometers of water above it! The sea is salty. There is one "sea" called the Dead Sea. The Dead Sea is not a sea. It's a big lake in the Jordan Valley. It's the saltiest. It's near the city of Jericho. It's about 80.kilometres long, between 4.8 and 17.7 kilometers wide. The river Jordan runs into the Dead Sea. The sun is not there and the water is salty. Fish can't live in the Dead Sea and plants can't grow near it. People can't swim well in the Dead Sea, but they can float on the water. The water is very blue and the air is clean. In winter, people come to the Dead Sea to enjoy the sunshine. The passage tells us the sea covers _ of the earth.
|
[
"3%",
"25%",
"75%",
"97%"
] | 2C
|
The world is not only hungry, it will also be thirsty for water. About 97% of water on the earth is sea water, or salty water. Man can only drink or use the other 3% of the fresh water which comes from rivers, lakes and underground. The sea is very big. Look at the map of the world, there is more sea than land. It covers quarters of the earth, it looks very beautiful when the sun is shinning on it. But it can be terrible when there is a strong wind. Some parts of the sea are very deep. There is one place near Japan. It's nearly 11 kilometers high. If we put that mountain into the sea at that place, there would be 2 kilometers of water above it! The sea is salty. There is one "sea" called the Dead Sea. The Dead Sea is not a sea. It's a big lake in the Jordan Valley. It's the saltiest. It's near the city of Jericho. It's about 80.kilometres long, between 4.8 and 17.7 kilometers wide. The river Jordan runs into the Dead Sea. The sun is not there and the water is salty. Fish can't live in the Dead Sea and plants can't grow near it. People can't swim well in the Dead Sea, but they can float on the water. The water is very blue and the air is clean. In winter, people come to the Dead Sea to enjoy the sunshine. The passage tells us the sea covers _ of the earth.
A. 3%
B. 25%
C. 75%
D. 97%
|
C. 75%
|
Retrieved:
lake or inland sea. many of these lakes are ephemeral or vary dramatically in size depending on climate and inflow. if water evaporates or infiltrates into the ground at its terminus, the area can go by several names, such playa, salt flat, dry lake, or alkali sink. the largest endorheic basins are in central asia, including the caspian sea, the aral sea, and numerous smaller lakes. other endorheic regions include the great basin in the united states, much of the sahara desert, the drainage basin of the okavango river ( kalahari basin ), highlands near the african great lakes, the interiors of australia and the arabian peninsula, and parts in mexico and the andes. some of these, such as the great basin, are not single drainage basins but collections of separate, adjacent closed basins. in endorheic bodies of water where evaporation is the primary means of water loss, the water is typically more saline than the oceans. an extreme example of this is the dead sea. = = importance = = = = = geopolitical boundaries = = = drainage basins have been historically important for determining territorial boundaries, particularly in regions where trade by water has been important. for example, the english crown gave the hudson's bay company a monopoly on the fur trade in the entire hudson bay basin, an area called rupert's land. bioregional political organization today includes agreements of states ( e. g., international treaties and, within the us, interstate compacts ) or other political entities in a particular drainage basin to manage the body or bodies of water into which it drains. examples of such interstate compacts are the great lakes commission and the tahoe regional planning agency. = = = hydrology = = = in hydrology, the drainage basin is a logical unit of focus for studying the movement of water within the hydrological cycle. the process of finding a drainage boundary is referred to as watershed delineation. finding the area and extent of a drainage basin is an important step in many areas of science and engineering. most of the water that discharges from the basin outlet originated as precipitation falling on the basin. a portion of the water that enters the groundwater system beneath the drainage basin may flow towards the outlet of another drainage basin because groundwater flow directions do not always match those of their overlying drainage network. measurement of the discharge of water from a basin may be made by a stream gauge located at the basin's outlet. depending on the conditions of the
Original Instruction:
The world is not only hungry, it will also be thirsty for water. About 97% of water on the earth is sea water, or salty water. Man can only drink or use the other 3% of the fresh water which comes from rivers, lakes and underground. The sea is very big. Look at the map of the world, there is more sea than land. It covers quarters of the earth, it looks very beautiful when the sun is shinning on it. But it can be terrible when there is a strong wind. Some parts of the sea are very deep. There is one place near Japan. It's nearly 11 kilometers high. If we put that mountain into the sea at that place, there would be 2 kilometers of water above it! The sea is salty. There is one "sea" called the Dead Sea. The Dead Sea is not a sea. It's a big lake in the Jordan Valley. It's the saltiest. It's near the city of Jericho. It's about 80.kilometres long, between 4.8 and 17.7 kilometers wide. The river Jordan runs into the Dead Sea. The sun is not there and the water is salty. Fish can't live in the Dead Sea and plants can't grow near it. People can't swim well in the Dead Sea, but they can float on the water. The water is very blue and the air is clean. In winter, people come to the Dead Sea to enjoy the sunshine. The passage tells us the sea covers _ of the earth.
A. 3%
B. 25%
C. 75%
D. 97%
|
||
People are busy working every day, so they do not have enough time to do exercise. As a result, many people become too fat or too thin. To keep our bodies healthy, we have to do exercise every day. There are many kinds of exercises. Bending and stretching helps us move easily. Before we play ball games or swim, it is better for us to do bending and stretching exercises first. This kind of exercise is something called warm-up exercise. Running is also a good exercise. If we cannot run fast, we can jog. Jogging means running slowly Again, before we run or jog, we must do warm-up exercise. Also, we should not run or jog in busy streets. The air there is often dirty. Some people like weight lifting because it can make their bodies strong. Also, we need to do warm-up exercise before weight lifting. _ is called warm-up exercise.
|
[
"Playing ball games",
"Swimming",
"Bending and stretching",
"weight lifting"
] | 2C
|
People are busy working every day, so they do not have enough time to do exercise. As a result, many people become too fat or too thin. To keep our bodies healthy, we have to do exercise every day. There are many kinds of exercises. Bending and stretching helps us move easily. Before we play ball games or swim, it is better for us to do bending and stretching exercises first. This kind of exercise is something called warm-up exercise. Running is also a good exercise. If we cannot run fast, we can jog. Jogging means running slowly Again, before we run or jog, we must do warm-up exercise. Also, we should not run or jog in busy streets. The air there is often dirty. Some people like weight lifting because it can make their bodies strong. Also, we need to do warm-up exercise before weight lifting. _ is called warm-up exercise.
A. Playing ball games
B. Swimming
C. Bending and stretching
D. weight lifting
|
C. Bending and stretching
|
Retrieved:
included building the research base, establishing best practices and community models, supporting leadership efforts and connecting multi - sectoral professionals. the overarching goal was to develop an understanding of how the built environment impacted physical activity and what could be done to increase physical activity. = = benefits = = there are many health related benefits to being physically active and living an active life. active living can help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, improve overall health and well - being, reduce stress levels, minimize health related medical costs, help maintain a healthy weight, assist in proper balance and posture and the maintenance of healthy bones and strong muscles. active living can also improve sleeping patterns and aid in the prevention of risk factors for heart disease such as blood cholesterol levels, diabetes and hypertension. running can reduce the level of mortality from many diseases by 27 %. = = types of physical activity = = there are four types of physical exercises that medical professionals recommend in order to improve and maintain physical abilities : endurance, flexibility, balance, and strength activities. endurance activities increase your heart rate and strengthen your heart and lungs. examples include dancing, skating, climbing stairs, cycling, swimming and brisk walking. flexibility activities improve your body's ability to move and assist in keeping your muscles and joints relaxed. examples include yard work, vacuuming, golf, and stretching - when you wake up, before you exercise and after to prevent injury. balance activities reduce the risk of falling and focuses primarily on lower - body strength. examples include standing up after being seated, tai chi, and standing on a single foot. strength activities create and maintain muscle, while also keeping bones strong. examples include raking leaves, carrying groceries, climbing stairs, lifting free weights, and doing push - ups. endurance, flexibility, balance, and strength activities can be incorporated into daily routines and promote active living. for example, activities such as household chores and taking the stairs can fit into more than one of the above categories. = = recommendations = = in canada, the public health agency of canada supported the canadian society for exercise physiology ( csep ) to review the canada's physical activity guides, which were updated and replaced with the get active tip sheets. the get active tip sheets are broken down into 4 age categories ( 5 – 11, 12 – 17, 18 – 64, and 65 & older ). the get active tip sheets recommend that children aged 5 – 11 and youth aged 12 – 17 should participate in at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day. the recommendation for adults
Original Instruction:
People are busy working every day, so they do not have enough time to do exercise. As a result, many people become too fat or too thin. To keep our bodies healthy, we have to do exercise every day. There are many kinds of exercises. Bending and stretching helps us move easily. Before we play ball games or swim, it is better for us to do bending and stretching exercises first. This kind of exercise is something called warm-up exercise. Running is also a good exercise. If we cannot run fast, we can jog. Jogging means running slowly Again, before we run or jog, we must do warm-up exercise. Also, we should not run or jog in busy streets. The air there is often dirty. Some people like weight lifting because it can make their bodies strong. Also, we need to do warm-up exercise before weight lifting. _ is called warm-up exercise.
A. Playing ball games
B. Swimming
C. Bending and stretching
D. weight lifting
|
||
While many women are busy with planning their bridal showers , a baby shower usually comes as a complete surprise. A baby shower is a party where a pregnant woman is "showered" with gifts and good wishes. A baby shower is usually given by a close female friend or a relative of the mother-to-be. Sometimes co-workers of a pregnant person will also hold a baby shower for her. The baby shower is usually given when the mother-to-be is between 6 and 9 months pregnant. _ the date of a baby's birth isn't always exact. Sometimes a baby shower can also happen after the baby is born. A baby shower can be held in someone's home or outside, like in a restaurant or a catering hall. Traditionally only women are invited to a baby shower. However, more and more baby showers are also including the father-to-be. Like a bridal shower, a mother-to-be will register a wish list of things she wants at one or several stores. This list usually includes things the mother wants for her baby like clothes, diapers and even furniture. This way friends and family members can go to the stores and buy something from the list. Registering helps make sure that there aren't repeat items, like 30 bottles when a new mom only needed 15. At a baby shower, people can give cards with wishes for the new baby and mom. Most of these cards also include money or gift cards to help the mom-to-be buy whatever else she needs for the baby. Sometimes there are games as well. In one game everyone guesses the date of the baby. Another game lets people taste baby food and guess the flavor. Who was only invited to a baby shower traditionally?
|
[
"Men.",
"Children.",
"Women.",
"Pregnant women."
] | 2C
|
While many women are busy with planning their bridal showers , a baby shower usually comes as a complete surprise. A baby shower is a party where a pregnant woman is "showered" with gifts and good wishes. A baby shower is usually given by a close female friend or a relative of the mother-to-be. Sometimes co-workers of a pregnant person will also hold a baby shower for her. The baby shower is usually given when the mother-to-be is between 6 and 9 months pregnant. _ the date of a baby's birth isn't always exact. Sometimes a baby shower can also happen after the baby is born. A baby shower can be held in someone's home or outside, like in a restaurant or a catering hall. Traditionally only women are invited to a baby shower. However, more and more baby showers are also including the father-to-be. Like a bridal shower, a mother-to-be will register a wish list of things she wants at one or several stores. This list usually includes things the mother wants for her baby like clothes, diapers and even furniture. This way friends and family members can go to the stores and buy something from the list. Registering helps make sure that there aren't repeat items, like 30 bottles when a new mom only needed 15. At a baby shower, people can give cards with wishes for the new baby and mom. Most of these cards also include money or gift cards to help the mom-to-be buy whatever else she needs for the baby. Sometimes there are games as well. In one game everyone guesses the date of the baby. Another game lets people taste baby food and guess the flavor. Who was only invited to a baby shower traditionally?
A. Men.
B. Children.
C. Women.
D. Pregnant women.
|
C. Women.
|
Retrieved:
fetal surgery, also known as antenatal surgery or prenatal surgery, is a growing branch of maternal - fetal medicine that covers any of a broad range of surgical techniques that are used to treat congenital abnormalities in fetuses who are still in the pregnant uterus. there are three main types : open fetal surgery, which involves completely opening the uterus to operate on the fetus ; minimally invasive fetoscopic surgery, which uses small incisions and is guided by fetoscopy and sonography ; and percutaneous fetal therapy, which involves placing a catheter under continuous ultrasound guidance. fetal intervention is relatively new. advancing technologies allow earlier and more accurate diagnosis of diseases and congenital problems in a fetus. fetal surgery draws principally from the fields of surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatrics - especially the sub - specialties of neonatology ( care of newborns ), maternal - fetal medicine ( care of high - risk pregnancies ), and pediatric surgery. it often involves training in obstetrics, pediatrics, and mastery of both invasive and non - invasive surgical techniques. because of the very high risk and technical complexity of fetal surgery, the procedure is usually performed at specialist centers. fetal intervention involves risk to fetus and pregnant patient alike. in addition to the general risks associated with any surgery, there is also a risk that scarring of the uterus will lead to difficulties with future pregnancies. this risk is higher than for a typical cesarean section, for several reasons : the incision is usually a classical vertical one, with a greater risk of complications in subsequent pregnancies ; the longer duration of the surgery, while the fetal intervention is performed ; a second surgery is required days or weeks later – a caesarean section to deliver the baby, which brings its own set of risks. = = types = = = = = open fetal surgery = = = = = = = technique = = = = tocolytics are generally given to prevent labor ; however, these should not be given if the risk is higher for the fetus inside the womb than if delivered, such as may be the case in intrauterine infection, unexplained vaginal bleeding and fetal distress. an h2 antagonist is usually given for anaesthesia the evening before and the morning of the operation, and an antacid is usually given before induction to reduce the risk of acid aspiration. rapid sequence induction is often used for sedation and intubation. open
Original Instruction:
While many women are busy with planning their bridal showers , a baby shower usually comes as a complete surprise. A baby shower is a party where a pregnant woman is "showered" with gifts and good wishes. A baby shower is usually given by a close female friend or a relative of the mother-to-be. Sometimes co-workers of a pregnant person will also hold a baby shower for her. The baby shower is usually given when the mother-to-be is between 6 and 9 months pregnant. _ the date of a baby's birth isn't always exact. Sometimes a baby shower can also happen after the baby is born. A baby shower can be held in someone's home or outside, like in a restaurant or a catering hall. Traditionally only women are invited to a baby shower. However, more and more baby showers are also including the father-to-be. Like a bridal shower, a mother-to-be will register a wish list of things she wants at one or several stores. This list usually includes things the mother wants for her baby like clothes, diapers and even furniture. This way friends and family members can go to the stores and buy something from the list. Registering helps make sure that there aren't repeat items, like 30 bottles when a new mom only needed 15. At a baby shower, people can give cards with wishes for the new baby and mom. Most of these cards also include money or gift cards to help the mom-to-be buy whatever else she needs for the baby. Sometimes there are games as well. In one game everyone guesses the date of the baby. Another game lets people taste baby food and guess the flavor. Who was only invited to a baby shower traditionally?
A. Men.
B. Children.
C. Women.
D. Pregnant women.
|
||
There are a great number of people in the world while few people are great.I think there is probably only one great person out of 10,000 at best,and most probably much less than that. The reason why there are only few of them is that most people do not pay the price of greatness.There are so many people who want to be great,why only very few of them actually pay the price? The answer to the question explains the difference between the almost 100% people who want to be great and the much less than 0.01% who actually be so.The reason is that the road to greatness is full of pains. Greatness requires sacrifices and there is no sacrifice without pain.The kind of sacrifices required for greatness is the ones that make the process continuously painful for long time.If you only want to be good it may be painful just every now and then,and many people can still handle it.But being great is a total difference.The pain is much deeper and it is continuous,so very few people can endure this kind of pain.Most people naturally choose things that bring pleasures to them.It's unnatural to choose pain over pleasure,let alone doing it continuously for long time.But that's what I believe is the secret to greatness: The secret to greatness is choosing pain over pleasures continuously for long time. If one person only wants to be good,what will he/she face?
|
[
"Occasional pains.",
"Continual work.",
"Constant pains.",
"Various difficulties."
] | 0A
|
There are a great number of people in the world while few people are great.I think there is probably only one great person out of 10,000 at best,and most probably much less than that. The reason why there are only few of them is that most people do not pay the price of greatness.There are so many people who want to be great,why only very few of them actually pay the price? The answer to the question explains the difference between the almost 100% people who want to be great and the much less than 0.01% who actually be so.The reason is that the road to greatness is full of pains. Greatness requires sacrifices and there is no sacrifice without pain.The kind of sacrifices required for greatness is the ones that make the process continuously painful for long time.If you only want to be good it may be painful just every now and then,and many people can still handle it.But being great is a total difference.The pain is much deeper and it is continuous,so very few people can endure this kind of pain.Most people naturally choose things that bring pleasures to them.It's unnatural to choose pain over pleasure,let alone doing it continuously for long time.But that's what I believe is the secret to greatness: The secret to greatness is choosing pain over pleasures continuously for long time. If one person only wants to be good,what will he/she face?
A. Occasional pains.
B. Continual work.
C. Constant pains.
D. Various difficulties.
|
A. Occasional pains.
|
Retrieved:
newly diagnosed cancer is scarce. one study found pain in 38 percent of people who were newly diagnosed, another found 35 percent of such people had experienced pain in the preceding two weeks, while another reported that pain was an early symptom in 18 – 49 percent of cases. more than one third of people with cancer pain describe the pain as moderate or severe. primary tumors in the following locations are associated with a relatively high prevalence of pain : head and neck ( 67 to 91 percent ) prostate ( 56 to 94 percent ) uterus ( 30 to 90 percent ) the genitourinary system ( 58 to 90 percent ) breast ( 40 to 89 percent ) pancreas ( 72 to 85 percent ) esophagus ( 56 to 94 percent ) all people with advanced multiple myeloma or advanced sarcoma are likely to experience pain. = = legal and ethical considerations = = the international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights obliges signatory nations to make pain treatment available to those within their borders as a duty under the human right to health. a failure to take reasonable measures to relieve the suffering of those in pain may be seen as failure to protect against inhumane and degrading treatment under article 5 of the universal declaration of human rights. the right to adequate palliative care has been affirmed by the us supreme court in two cases, vacco v. quill and washington v. glucksberg, which were decided in 1997. this right has also been confirmed in statutory law, such as in the california business and professional code 22, and in other case law precedents in circuit courts and in other reviewing courts in the us. the 1994 medical treatment act of the australian capital territory states that a " patient under the care of a health professional has a right to receive relief from pain and suffering to the maximum extent that is reasonable in the circumstances ". patients and their guardians must be apprised of any serious risks and the common side effects of pain treatments. what appears to be an obviously acceptable risk or harm to a professional may be unacceptable to the person who has to undertake that risk or experience the side effect. for instance, people who experience pain on movement may be willing to forgo strong opioids in order to enjoy alertness during their painless periods, whereas others would choose around - the - clock sedation so as to remain pain - free. the care provider should not insist on treatment that someone rejects, and must not provide treatment that the provider believes is more harmful or riskier than the possible benefits
Original Instruction:
There are a great number of people in the world while few people are great.I think there is probably only one great person out of 10,000 at best,and most probably much less than that. The reason why there are only few of them is that most people do not pay the price of greatness.There are so many people who want to be great,why only very few of them actually pay the price? The answer to the question explains the difference between the almost 100% people who want to be great and the much less than 0.01% who actually be so.The reason is that the road to greatness is full of pains. Greatness requires sacrifices and there is no sacrifice without pain.The kind of sacrifices required for greatness is the ones that make the process continuously painful for long time.If you only want to be good it may be painful just every now and then,and many people can still handle it.But being great is a total difference.The pain is much deeper and it is continuous,so very few people can endure this kind of pain.Most people naturally choose things that bring pleasures to them.It's unnatural to choose pain over pleasure,let alone doing it continuously for long time.But that's what I believe is the secret to greatness: The secret to greatness is choosing pain over pleasures continuously for long time. If one person only wants to be good,what will he/she face?
A. Occasional pains.
B. Continual work.
C. Constant pains.
D. Various difficulties.
|
||
Older people who have low expectations for a satisfying future may be more likely to live longer, healthier lives than those who see brighter days ahead, according to new research "Our findings showed that being overly optimistic in predicting a better future was associated with a greater risk of disability and death within the following decade," said Frieder R. Lang, the leading researcher of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany." Pessimism about the future may encourage people to live more carefully, taking health and safety measures." Lang and colleagues examined data collected from 1993 to 2003 for the national German Socio-Economic Panel, an annual survey on approximately 40,000 people from 18 to 96 years old. The researchers divided the data according to age groups: 18 to 39 years old, 40 to 64 years old and 65 years old and above. Through mostly in-person interviews, the participants were asked to rate how satisfied they were with their lives and how satisfied they thought they would be in five years. Five years after the first interview, 43 percent of the oldest group had underestimated their future life satisfaction, 25 percent had predicted accurately and 32 percent had overestimated , according to the study. The researchers calculated that each increase in overestimating future life satisfaction was related to a 9.5 -percent increase in reporting disabilities and a 10- percent increase in risk of death. Because a darker outlook on the future is often more realistic, older adults' predictions of their future satisfaction may be more accurate, according to the study. In contrast, the youngest group had the sunniest outlook. "We argue, though, that the analysis may depend on age and available resources. These findings shed new light on how our perspectives can either help us take action or prevent us from taking action that can help improve our chances of a long, healthy life," Lang said. According to the study, older people predicted their life satisfaction more accurately because _ .
|
[
"they demanded less materially",
"they were more satisfied with their lives",
"they had a deeper insight into life",
"their outlook on the future was more realistic"
] | 3D
|
Older people who have low expectations for a satisfying future may be more likely to live longer, healthier lives than those who see brighter days ahead, according to new research "Our findings showed that being overly optimistic in predicting a better future was associated with a greater risk of disability and death within the following decade," said Frieder R. Lang, the leading researcher of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany." Pessimism about the future may encourage people to live more carefully, taking health and safety measures." Lang and colleagues examined data collected from 1993 to 2003 for the national German Socio-Economic Panel, an annual survey on approximately 40,000 people from 18 to 96 years old. The researchers divided the data according to age groups: 18 to 39 years old, 40 to 64 years old and 65 years old and above. Through mostly in-person interviews, the participants were asked to rate how satisfied they were with their lives and how satisfied they thought they would be in five years. Five years after the first interview, 43 percent of the oldest group had underestimated their future life satisfaction, 25 percent had predicted accurately and 32 percent had overestimated , according to the study. The researchers calculated that each increase in overestimating future life satisfaction was related to a 9.5 -percent increase in reporting disabilities and a 10- percent increase in risk of death. Because a darker outlook on the future is often more realistic, older adults' predictions of their future satisfaction may be more accurate, according to the study. In contrast, the youngest group had the sunniest outlook. "We argue, though, that the analysis may depend on age and available resources. These findings shed new light on how our perspectives can either help us take action or prevent us from taking action that can help improve our chances of a long, healthy life," Lang said. According to the study, older people predicted their life satisfaction more accurately because _ .
A. they demanded less materially
B. they were more satisfied with their lives
C. they had a deeper insight into life
D. their outlook on the future was more realistic
|
D. their outlook on the future was more realistic
|
Retrieved:
, d. ; vokonas, p. ; kawachi, i. ( 2001 ). " is the glass half empty or half full? a prospective study of optimism and coronary heart disease in the normative aging study ". psychosomatic medicine. 63 ( 6 ) : 910 – 916. citeseerx 10. 1. 1. 492. 6714. doi : 10. 1097 / 00006842 - 200111000 - 00009. pmid 11719629. s2cid 19463805. danner, d. d. ; snowdon, s. a. ; friesen, w. v. ( 2001 ). " positive emotions in early life and longevity : findings from the nun study ". journal of personality and social psychology. 80 ( 5 ) : 804 – 13. doi : 10. 1037 / 0022 - 3514. 80. 5. 804. pmid 11374751. argyle m., ( 1987 ) the experience of happiness, london : methuen casciaro t., & lobo s. l. ( june 2005 ) harvard business review, competent jerks, loveable fools and the formation of social networks staw, b. m ; sutton, r. i. ; pelled, l. h. ( 1994 ). " employee positive emotion and favorable outcomes at the workplace ". organization science. 5 : 51 – 71. doi : 10. 1287 / orsc. 5. 1. 51. s2cid 16698941. losada, m. ; heaphy, e. ( 2004 ). " the role of positivity and connectivity in the performance of business teams a nonlinear dynamics model ". american behavioral scientist. 47 ( 6 ) : 740 – 765. citeseerx 10. 1. 1. 215. 806. doi : 10. 1177 / 0002764203260208. s2cid 54020643. martin, l. l. ; ward, d. w. ; achee, j. w. ; wyer, r. s. ( 1993 ). " mood as input : people have to interpret the motivational implications of their moods ". journal of personality and social psychology. 64 ( 3 ) : 317 – 326. doi : 10. 1037 / 0022 - 3514. 64. 3. 317. staw, b. m. ; barsade, s
Original Instruction:
Older people who have low expectations for a satisfying future may be more likely to live longer, healthier lives than those who see brighter days ahead, according to new research "Our findings showed that being overly optimistic in predicting a better future was associated with a greater risk of disability and death within the following decade," said Frieder R. Lang, the leading researcher of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany." Pessimism about the future may encourage people to live more carefully, taking health and safety measures." Lang and colleagues examined data collected from 1993 to 2003 for the national German Socio-Economic Panel, an annual survey on approximately 40,000 people from 18 to 96 years old. The researchers divided the data according to age groups: 18 to 39 years old, 40 to 64 years old and 65 years old and above. Through mostly in-person interviews, the participants were asked to rate how satisfied they were with their lives and how satisfied they thought they would be in five years. Five years after the first interview, 43 percent of the oldest group had underestimated their future life satisfaction, 25 percent had predicted accurately and 32 percent had overestimated , according to the study. The researchers calculated that each increase in overestimating future life satisfaction was related to a 9.5 -percent increase in reporting disabilities and a 10- percent increase in risk of death. Because a darker outlook on the future is often more realistic, older adults' predictions of their future satisfaction may be more accurate, according to the study. In contrast, the youngest group had the sunniest outlook. "We argue, though, that the analysis may depend on age and available resources. These findings shed new light on how our perspectives can either help us take action or prevent us from taking action that can help improve our chances of a long, healthy life," Lang said. According to the study, older people predicted their life satisfaction more accurately because _ .
A. they demanded less materially
B. they were more satisfied with their lives
C. they had a deeper insight into life
D. their outlook on the future was more realistic
|
||
Which would increase atmospheric carbon by the lowest degree?
|
[
"trees",
"humans",
"cattle",
"dogs"
] | 0A
|
Which would increase atmospheric carbon by the lowest degree?
A. trees
B. humans
C. cattle
D. dogs
|
A. trees
|
Retrieved:
albedo during snow seasons than flat ground, thus contributing to warming. modeling that compares the effects of albedo differences between forests and grasslands suggests that expanding the land area of forests in temperate zones offers only a temporary mitigation benefit. in seasonally snow - covered zones, winter albedos of treeless areas are 10 % to 50 % higher than nearby forested areas because snow does not cover the trees as readily. deciduous trees have an albedo value of about 0. 15 to 0. 18 whereas coniferous trees have a value of about 0. 09 to 0. 15. variation in summer albedo across both forest types is associated with maximum rates of photosynthesis because plants with high growth capacity display a greater fraction of their foliage for direct interception of incoming radiation in the upper canopy. the result is that wavelengths of light not used in photosynthesis are more likely to be reflected back to space rather than being absorbed by other surfaces lower in the canopy. studies by the hadley centre have investigated the relative ( generally warming ) effect of albedo change and ( cooling ) effect of carbon sequestration on planting forests. they found that new forests in tropical and midlatitude areas tended to cool ; new forests in high latitudes ( e. g., siberia ) were neutral or perhaps warming. research in 2023, drawing from 176 flux stations globally, revealed a climate trade - off : increased carbon uptake from afforestation results in reduced albedo. initially, this reduction may lead to moderate global warming over a span of approximately 20 years, but it is expected to transition into significant cooling thereafter. = = = water = = = water reflects light very differently from typical terrestrial materials. the reflectivity of a water surface is calculated using the fresnel equations. at the scale of the wavelength of light even wavy water is always smooth so the light is reflected in a locally specular manner ( not diffusely ). the glint of light off water is a commonplace effect of this. at small angles of incident light, waviness results in reduced reflectivity because of the steepness of the reflectivity - vs. - incident - angle curve and a locally increased average incident angle. although the reflectivity of water is very low at low and medium angles of incident light, it becomes very high at high angles of incident light such as those that occur on the illuminated side of earth near the terminator ( early morning, late afternoon, and near the poles ). however, as mentioned above, waviness causes an appreciable
Original Instruction:
Which would increase atmospheric carbon by the lowest degree?
A. trees
B. humans
C. cattle
D. dogs
|
||
When Brody Roybal was a baby, he didn't have legs. But that didn't make him feel sad or stop him from trying sports. He tried different kinds of sports. When he tried sled hockey at the age of 7, he loved it. " That was it," says Roybal. He is now 15 and a student in a high school in Chicago. " It's all I wanted to do." Roybal joined a sled hockey team. At the age of 12, he started playing in an adult team. It was much harder for him, but he still worked hard. Now Roybal is a player of the sled hockey team in his country. O' Connor, manager of the team, says Roybal is very good. " Everybody dreams of going to the Olympic Games and winning the game," O' Connor says. " That's something that I couldn't do, but Roybal can. He is lucky and he can go to the next Olympics." It's true that when God closes a door, he opens a window for you. From the passage we know Roybal is a _ boy.
|
[
"lively",
"kind",
"hard-working",
"sad"
] | 2C
|
When Brody Roybal was a baby, he didn't have legs. But that didn't make him feel sad or stop him from trying sports. He tried different kinds of sports. When he tried sled hockey at the age of 7, he loved it. " That was it," says Roybal. He is now 15 and a student in a high school in Chicago. " It's all I wanted to do." Roybal joined a sled hockey team. At the age of 12, he started playing in an adult team. It was much harder for him, but he still worked hard. Now Roybal is a player of the sled hockey team in his country. O' Connor, manager of the team, says Roybal is very good. " Everybody dreams of going to the Olympic Games and winning the game," O' Connor says. " That's something that I couldn't do, but Roybal can. He is lucky and he can go to the next Olympics." It's true that when God closes a door, he opens a window for you. From the passage we know Roybal is a _ boy.
A. lively
B. kind
C. hard-working
D. sad
|
C. hard-working
|
Retrieved:
the rock around his hand with his pocket knife, but gave up the attempt after two days. next he tried to lift and move the boulder with a simple pulley system made with rope and gear, but that failed too. on the sixth day, which he did not expect to live to see upon falling asleep the night earlier, a dehydrated and delirious ralston had a vision of himself as a one - armed man playing with his future son. upon a subsequent fit of rage he discovered that he could bow his arm against the chockstone far enough to snap the radius and ulna bones. using the dull blade on his multi - use tool, he cut the soft tissue around the break. he then used the tool's pliers to tear at the tougher tendons. he was careful not to sever the arteries before attaching an improvised tourniquet. after he cut the main bundle of nerves, leading to agonizing pain, he cut through the last piece of skin and was free. in bad physical shape, and having lost more than a litre of blood, he managed to rappel 70 feet down and hike another 8 miles, when he ran into a dutch family who offered help and guided him to a rescue helicopter which happened to be nearby looking for ralston and took him to a hospital. his story was dramatized in the film 127 hours ( 2010 ). in 2003, an australian coal miner trapped three kilometres underground by an overturned tractor cut off his own arm with a box - cutting knife. the 44 - year - old man, who was not identified by police, was working late at the hunter valley mine when the tractor tipped over, crushing his arm and trapping him. = = mouth = = during 1992 - 1993 vendee globe, a solo race around the world, sailor bertrand de broc who had been hit full in the face by a rope, had to sew his tongue himself after a doctor telexed instructions on how to sew stitches into the wound. = = see also = = self - inflicted caesarean section self - medication = = references = = = = = citations = = = = = = sources = = = morton wa ( 1991 ). scrotum self - repair. med aspects human sexuality jul 1991 : 15. = = further reading = = michell j ( 1984 ). eccentric lives & peculiar notions isbn 0 - 15 - 127358 - 8. reprinted 2002. = = external links = = a reference to the morton article on the urban
Original Instruction:
When Brody Roybal was a baby, he didn't have legs. But that didn't make him feel sad or stop him from trying sports. He tried different kinds of sports. When he tried sled hockey at the age of 7, he loved it. " That was it," says Roybal. He is now 15 and a student in a high school in Chicago. " It's all I wanted to do." Roybal joined a sled hockey team. At the age of 12, he started playing in an adult team. It was much harder for him, but he still worked hard. Now Roybal is a player of the sled hockey team in his country. O' Connor, manager of the team, says Roybal is very good. " Everybody dreams of going to the Olympic Games and winning the game," O' Connor says. " That's something that I couldn't do, but Roybal can. He is lucky and he can go to the next Olympics." It's true that when God closes a door, he opens a window for you. From the passage we know Roybal is a _ boy.
A. lively
B. kind
C. hard-working
D. sad
|
||
While the rest of his family was happily feasting during Spring Festival, Zu Xinming, a Senior 2 student in Shaanxi province, was frowning. "Every time my s leave after dinner, almost half of the dishes are unfinished," he said, and we throw away a lot of food. Nowadays in China, food waste is a widespread problem. Each year, Chinese people throw away the equivalent of about 50 million tons of grain, an amount which could feed 200 million people, according to Xinhua News Agency. One reason is that people are unaware of the issue. "Some of my friends don't care at all when they can't finish the food on their plates," said Zu, "and they even throw it away if they don't like the taste." Gong Tao, an official from the Communist Youth League of China Committee of Central South University in Hunan province, is worried about the decreasing awareness of food waste on his campus in recent years. "Students don't know how much hard work others go through in order to provide their food," Gao told China Education Daily. One deeper factor is the Chinese cultural value of "face". In a Chinese banquet setting, the host feels great shame when guests' plates are empty. "Serving lots of food is the Chinese way of showing respect to guests and displaying generosity," Yu Changjiang, a sociologist at Peking University, told Xinhua. Huge public spending on government banquets is also worsening the situation. Government banquets at the taxpayer's expense have become "a major source of waste", commented People's Daily. The good news is that people are already beginning to take action. On Jan 16, 10 restaurants with 749 outlets in Beijing joined an "eating up" campaign promoted by Xu Xiake, deputy director of China Land and Resources News. These restaurants have begun serving half-sized meals and small dishes. So, how can you help reduce food waste? Discuss with your family regularly about your food preferences and how much you want to eat. Eat all of the food on your plate and in your bowl. And each week, help your parents clean the fridge so that all of the food gets eaten before it goes to waste. How many reasons are mentioned in the passage for the food waste problem in China?
|
[
"5",
"2",
"3",
"4"
] | 2C
|
While the rest of his family was happily feasting during Spring Festival, Zu Xinming, a Senior 2 student in Shaanxi province, was frowning. "Every time my s leave after dinner, almost half of the dishes are unfinished," he said, and we throw away a lot of food. Nowadays in China, food waste is a widespread problem. Each year, Chinese people throw away the equivalent of about 50 million tons of grain, an amount which could feed 200 million people, according to Xinhua News Agency. One reason is that people are unaware of the issue. "Some of my friends don't care at all when they can't finish the food on their plates," said Zu, "and they even throw it away if they don't like the taste." Gong Tao, an official from the Communist Youth League of China Committee of Central South University in Hunan province, is worried about the decreasing awareness of food waste on his campus in recent years. "Students don't know how much hard work others go through in order to provide their food," Gao told China Education Daily. One deeper factor is the Chinese cultural value of "face". In a Chinese banquet setting, the host feels great shame when guests' plates are empty. "Serving lots of food is the Chinese way of showing respect to guests and displaying generosity," Yu Changjiang, a sociologist at Peking University, told Xinhua. Huge public spending on government banquets is also worsening the situation. Government banquets at the taxpayer's expense have become "a major source of waste", commented People's Daily. The good news is that people are already beginning to take action. On Jan 16, 10 restaurants with 749 outlets in Beijing joined an "eating up" campaign promoted by Xu Xiake, deputy director of China Land and Resources News. These restaurants have begun serving half-sized meals and small dishes. So, how can you help reduce food waste? Discuss with your family regularly about your food preferences and how much you want to eat. Eat all of the food on your plate and in your bowl. And each week, help your parents clean the fridge so that all of the food gets eaten before it goes to waste. How many reasons are mentioned in the passage for the food waste problem in China?
A. 5
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
|
C. 3
|
Retrieved:
virus, a goal that was eventually abandoned in december 2022 after protests against the policy. = = culture and society = = since ancient times, chinese culture has been heavily influenced by confucianism. chinese culture, in turn, has heavily influenced east asia and southeast asia. for much of the country's dynastic era, opportunities for social advancement could be provided by high performance in the prestigious imperial examinations, which have their origins in the han dynasty. the literary emphasis of the exams affected the general perception of cultural refinement in china, such as the belief that calligraphy, poetry and painting were higher forms of art than dancing or drama. chinese culture has long emphasized a sense of deep history and a largely inward - looking national perspective. examinations and a culture of merit remain greatly valued in china today. today, the chinese government has accepted numerous elements of traditional chinese culture as being integral to chinese society. with the rise of chinese nationalism and the end of the cultural revolution, various forms of traditional chinese art, literature, music, film, fashion and architecture have seen a vigorous revival, and folk and variety art in particular have sparked interest nationally and even worldwide. access to foreign media remains heavily restricted. = = = architecture = = = chinese architecture has developed over millennia in china and has remained a vestigial source of perennial influence on the development of east asian architecture, including in japan, korea, and mongolia. and minor influences on the architecture of southeast and south asia including the countries of malaysia, singapore, indonesia, sri lanka, thailand, laos, cambodia, vietnam and the philippines. chinese architecture is characterized by bilateral symmetry, use of enclosed open spaces, feng shui ( e. g. directional hierarchies ), a horizontal emphasis, and an allusion to various cosmological, mythological or in general symbolic elements. chinese architecture traditionally classifies structures according to type, ranging from pagodas to palaces. chinese architecture varies widely based on status or affiliation, such as whether the structures were constructed for emperors, commoners, or for religious purposes. other variations in chinese architecture are shown in vernacular styles associated with different geographic regions and different ethnic heritages, such as the stilt houses in the south, the yaodong buildings in the northwest, the yurt buildings of nomadic people, and the siheyuan buildings in the north. = = = literature = = = chinese literature has its roots in the zhou dynasty's literary tradition. the classical texts of china encompass a wide range of thoughts and subjects, such as the calendar
Original Instruction:
While the rest of his family was happily feasting during Spring Festival, Zu Xinming, a Senior 2 student in Shaanxi province, was frowning. "Every time my s leave after dinner, almost half of the dishes are unfinished," he said, and we throw away a lot of food. Nowadays in China, food waste is a widespread problem. Each year, Chinese people throw away the equivalent of about 50 million tons of grain, an amount which could feed 200 million people, according to Xinhua News Agency. One reason is that people are unaware of the issue. "Some of my friends don't care at all when they can't finish the food on their plates," said Zu, "and they even throw it away if they don't like the taste." Gong Tao, an official from the Communist Youth League of China Committee of Central South University in Hunan province, is worried about the decreasing awareness of food waste on his campus in recent years. "Students don't know how much hard work others go through in order to provide their food," Gao told China Education Daily. One deeper factor is the Chinese cultural value of "face". In a Chinese banquet setting, the host feels great shame when guests' plates are empty. "Serving lots of food is the Chinese way of showing respect to guests and displaying generosity," Yu Changjiang, a sociologist at Peking University, told Xinhua. Huge public spending on government banquets is also worsening the situation. Government banquets at the taxpayer's expense have become "a major source of waste", commented People's Daily. The good news is that people are already beginning to take action. On Jan 16, 10 restaurants with 749 outlets in Beijing joined an "eating up" campaign promoted by Xu Xiake, deputy director of China Land and Resources News. These restaurants have begun serving half-sized meals and small dishes. So, how can you help reduce food waste? Discuss with your family regularly about your food preferences and how much you want to eat. Eat all of the food on your plate and in your bowl. And each week, help your parents clean the fridge so that all of the food gets eaten before it goes to waste. How many reasons are mentioned in the passage for the food waste problem in China?
A. 5
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
|
||
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 percent of what we really mean while words only express 7 percent. So, while your mouth is closed, your body is just saying. Arms. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies. If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you're unhappy. Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are a monitor in class, you can also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little. Legs. Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still. Posture .A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. If you are feeling down>> you normally don't sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. This makes breathing more difficult, which can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable. Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse your lips. You might also use this position to hold back an angry comment you don't wish to show. However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you're not pleased Face. When you lie, you might put on a false face. But that expression would crack briefly, allowing displays of true emotions such as happiness, sadness, disgust and fear to come through. When someone is keeping his arms behind his back, he tries to tell you that .
|
[
"he is not afraid",
"he is outgoing",
"he is angry",
"he is cool"
] | 0A
|
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 percent of what we really mean while words only express 7 percent. So, while your mouth is closed, your body is just saying. Arms. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies. If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you're unhappy. Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are a monitor in class, you can also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little. Legs. Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still. Posture .A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. If you are feeling down>> you normally don't sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. This makes breathing more difficult, which can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable. Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse your lips. You might also use this position to hold back an angry comment you don't wish to show. However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you're not pleased Face. When you lie, you might put on a false face. But that expression would crack briefly, allowing displays of true emotions such as happiness, sadness, disgust and fear to come through. When someone is keeping his arms behind his back, he tries to tell you that .
A. he is not afraid
B. he is outgoing
C. he is angry
D. he is cool
|
A. he is not afraid
|
Retrieved:
you react when others speak. your words and your silence can impact others in the group. wait to be recognized by the moderator before you speak. you can use the time to reflect on what has already been said. don't interrupt or talk over someone else that is speaking. no side conversations as they are disrespectful to the speaker and distract others that are listening. listen for the content in the statements of others, most importantly if you disagree. what are the speakers trying to communicate? find common ground. what do you agree on? follow the direction of the discussion. don't repeat what has been said already. ask questions to understand perspectives that are different from your own. don't embarrass yourself or disrespect others by making demeaning comments, gestures or facial expressions. know the difference between fact and opinion. both can be valid. the u. s. federal judiciary has compiled information on creating ground rules for civil discourse, including how to interact respectfully with someone who has broken the rules of civility that were agreed upon. as judge robin rosenberg of the u. s. district court, west palm beach, florida said, " civility is a way of communicating with one another, it is the foundation by which we relate to one another, and from that, everything else flows. " engagement in civil discourse rules according to the united states court ground rules in civil discourse : 1. tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. 2. moderate your tone, so that you don ’ t sound aggressive. 3. be conscious and mindful of your facial expressions. 4. be attentive and considerate of your opponent ’ s point of view ; process what is being said and give equal time to opposing opinions. 5. don ’ t repeat yourself. use a variety of evidence. it also provides a way to interact respectfully with those who don't follow the civility rules as follows : 1. respectfully ask for evidence that supports the statements made. 2. stay calm and consider taking a break from the conversation. 3. tell your opponent that you don ’ t know how to interpret his / her facial expression. 4. ask for help in understanding what they mean. 5. ask for equal time, using a polite tone : " may i finish my point? ” 6. express understanding : " i understand ", or " i hear you. " according to the institute for civility in government, civility is about more than just
Original Instruction:
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 percent of what we really mean while words only express 7 percent. So, while your mouth is closed, your body is just saying. Arms. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies. If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you're unhappy. Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are a monitor in class, you can also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little. Legs. Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still. Posture .A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. If you are feeling down>> you normally don't sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. This makes breathing more difficult, which can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable. Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse your lips. You might also use this position to hold back an angry comment you don't wish to show. However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you're not pleased Face. When you lie, you might put on a false face. But that expression would crack briefly, allowing displays of true emotions such as happiness, sadness, disgust and fear to come through. When someone is keeping his arms behind his back, he tries to tell you that .
A. he is not afraid
B. he is outgoing
C. he is angry
D. he is cool
|
||
Since 1936, many female space explorers have followed Russian astronaut Valentina Tereshkova. Let's look at the missions of four important female astronauts to find out what astronauts do in space. In 1983, Sally Ride became the first American women in space. Her team carried out scientific experiments in space and put two communications satellites in space. Satellites make it possible for us to communicate instantly with each other across the world through TV, radio, and telephones. In 1984, Kathryn Sullivan became the first American women to walk in space. During her mission, she discovered important information about the sun's energy and how it affects the climate in very hot and very cold places on Earth. She also took photographs of Earth and measured air pollution. In 1992, Mae Jemison became the first African-American in space. During her mission, she did scientific experiments using the weightless atmosphere. In space, there is no gravity, so everything floats! Dr. Jemison's experiments gave important information about the human body to produce better medicines and healthcare. In 2012, Liu Yang became the first Chinese women in space. She did experiments in space medicine, which look at how astronauts can survive and stay healthy in space. The conditions in space are very hard on the body and space medicine helps astronauts work safely. Liu Yang's mission aimed at _ .
|
[
"providing information about environment",
"protecting astronauts' health in space",
"improving communication on Earth",
"testing the weightless atmosphere"
] | 1B
|
Since 1936, many female space explorers have followed Russian astronaut Valentina Tereshkova. Let's look at the missions of four important female astronauts to find out what astronauts do in space. In 1983, Sally Ride became the first American women in space. Her team carried out scientific experiments in space and put two communications satellites in space. Satellites make it possible for us to communicate instantly with each other across the world through TV, radio, and telephones. In 1984, Kathryn Sullivan became the first American women to walk in space. During her mission, she discovered important information about the sun's energy and how it affects the climate in very hot and very cold places on Earth. She also took photographs of Earth and measured air pollution. In 1992, Mae Jemison became the first African-American in space. During her mission, she did scientific experiments using the weightless atmosphere. In space, there is no gravity, so everything floats! Dr. Jemison's experiments gave important information about the human body to produce better medicines and healthcare. In 2012, Liu Yang became the first Chinese women in space. She did experiments in space medicine, which look at how astronauts can survive and stay healthy in space. The conditions in space are very hard on the body and space medicine helps astronauts work safely. Liu Yang's mission aimed at _ .
A. providing information about environment
B. protecting astronauts' health in space
C. improving communication on Earth
D. testing the weightless atmosphere
|
B. protecting astronauts' health in space
|
Retrieved:
vera florence cooper rubin ( ; july 23, 1928 – december 25, 2016 ) was an american astronomer who pioneered work on galaxy rotation rates. she uncovered the discrepancy between the predicted and observed angular motion of galaxies by studying galactic rotation curves. her work on the galaxy rotation problem was cited by others as evidence for the existence of dark matter. honored throughout her lifetime for her work, she received the bruce medal, the gold medal of the royal astronomical society, and the national medal of science, among others. the vera c. rubin observatory in chile is named in her honor. her legacy is described by the new york times as " ushering in a copernican - scale change " in cosmological theory. rubin is widely regarded as having been one of the select women in science who were overlooked for the nobel prize on the basis of gender discrimination. rubin spent her life advocating for women in science, and was known for her mentorship of aspiring female astronomers. = = early life and education = = vera cooper was born on july 23, 1928, in philadelphia, pennsylvania. she was the younger of two sisters born to a jewish family with roots in eastern europe. as recalled by vera, her father pesach kobchefski was born in " vilna, latvia " ( possibly referring to vilnius, lithuania, then part of the russian empire ), and at the age of seven immigrated with his mother and three siblings to gloversville, new york, reuniting with his father who had immigrated a year or two earlier. pesach soon anglicized his name to pete cooper, and as an adult studied electrical engineering and worked at bell telephone. he married rose applebaum, a second generation american born to a mother who had immigrated from bessarabia ( in present - day moldova and ukraine ) to philadelphia. they met at bell, where rose worked until they married. in 1938 the family moved to washington, d. c., where ten - year - old vera developed an interest in astronomy while watching the stars from her window. " even then i was more interested in the question than in the answer, " she remembered. " i decided at an early age that we inhabit a very curious world. " she built a crude telescope out of cardboard with her father, and began to observe and track meteors. she attended public school at the coolidge senior high school, graduating in 1944. ignoring advice she had received from a high school science teacher to avoid a scientific career and become an artist, the
Original Instruction:
Since 1936, many female space explorers have followed Russian astronaut Valentina Tereshkova. Let's look at the missions of four important female astronauts to find out what astronauts do in space. In 1983, Sally Ride became the first American women in space. Her team carried out scientific experiments in space and put two communications satellites in space. Satellites make it possible for us to communicate instantly with each other across the world through TV, radio, and telephones. In 1984, Kathryn Sullivan became the first American women to walk in space. During her mission, she discovered important information about the sun's energy and how it affects the climate in very hot and very cold places on Earth. She also took photographs of Earth and measured air pollution. In 1992, Mae Jemison became the first African-American in space. During her mission, she did scientific experiments using the weightless atmosphere. In space, there is no gravity, so everything floats! Dr. Jemison's experiments gave important information about the human body to produce better medicines and healthcare. In 2012, Liu Yang became the first Chinese women in space. She did experiments in space medicine, which look at how astronauts can survive and stay healthy in space. The conditions in space are very hard on the body and space medicine helps astronauts work safely. Liu Yang's mission aimed at _ .
A. providing information about environment
B. protecting astronauts' health in space
C. improving communication on Earth
D. testing the weightless atmosphere
|
||
Maple City has an ordinance that prohibits the location of "adult theaters and bookstores" (theaters and bookstores presenting sexually explicit performances or materials) in residential or commercial zones within the city. The ordinance was intended to protect surrounding property from the likely adverse secondary effects of such establishments. "Adult theaters and bookstores" are freely permitted in the areas of the city zoned industrial, where those adverse secondary effects are not as likely. Storekeeper is denied a zoning permit to open an adult theater and bookstore in a building owned by him in an area zoned commercial. As a result, Storekeeper brings suit in an appropriate court challenging the constitutionality of the zoning ordinance. Which of the following statements regarding the constitutionality of this Maple City ordinance is most accurate?
|
[
"The ordinance is valid, because a city may enforce zoning restrictions on speech-related businesses to ensure that the messages they disseminate are acceptable to the residents of adjacent property. ",
"The ordinance is valid, because a city may enforce this type of time, place, and manner regulation on speech-related businesses, so long as this type of regulation is designed to serve a substantial governmental interest and does not unreasonably limit alternative avenues of communication. ",
"The ordinance is invalid, because a city may not enforce zoning regulations that deprive potential operators of adult theaters and bookstores of their freedom to choose the location of their businesses. ",
"The ordinance is invalid, because a city may not zone property in a manner calculated to protect property from the likely adverse secondary effects of adult theaters and bookstores. "
] | 1B
|
Maple City has an ordinance that prohibits the location of "adult theaters and bookstores" (theaters and bookstores presenting sexually explicit performances or materials) in residential or commercial zones within the city. The ordinance was intended to protect surrounding property from the likely adverse secondary effects of such establishments. "Adult theaters and bookstores" are freely permitted in the areas of the city zoned industrial, where those adverse secondary effects are not as likely. Storekeeper is denied a zoning permit to open an adult theater and bookstore in a building owned by him in an area zoned commercial. As a result, Storekeeper brings suit in an appropriate court challenging the constitutionality of the zoning ordinance. Which of the following statements regarding the constitutionality of this Maple City ordinance is most accurate?
A. The ordinance is valid, because a city may enforce zoning restrictions on speech-related businesses to ensure that the messages they disseminate are acceptable to the residents of adjacent property.
B. The ordinance is valid, because a city may enforce this type of time, place, and manner regulation on speech-related businesses, so long as this type of regulation is designed to serve a substantial governmental interest and does not unreasonably limit alternative avenues of communication.
C. The ordinance is invalid, because a city may not enforce zoning regulations that deprive potential operators of adult theaters and bookstores of their freedom to choose the location of their businesses.
D. The ordinance is invalid, because a city may not zone property in a manner calculated to protect property from the likely adverse secondary effects of adult theaters and bookstores.
|
B. The ordinance is valid, because a city may enforce this type of time, place, and manner regulation on speech-related businesses, so long as this type of regulation is designed to serve a substantial governmental interest and does not unreasonably limit alternative avenues of communication.
|
Retrieved:
similar regulatory arrangements, the phrase in its broadest sense can refer to places, like shopping malls and hotel lobbies, that are privately owned and open to the public, even if they are not legally required to be open to the public. = = opinions = = in 2017, the guardian published a study of the phenomenon in london, facing a lack of response from both landowners and local authorities they questioned on the subject. in reaction to the report, the mayor of london, sadiq khan promised to publish new guidelines on how these spaces are governed. = = see also = = fourth and madison building list of privately owned public spaces in london list of privately owned public spaces in new york city list of privately owned public spaces in san francisco private protected area privatization = = references = = = = external links = = list of privately owned public open spaces in san francisco by the city's planning department privately owned public space in new york city information on the website of the municipal art society
Original Instruction:
Maple City has an ordinance that prohibits the location of "adult theaters and bookstores" (theaters and bookstores presenting sexually explicit performances or materials) in residential or commercial zones within the city. The ordinance was intended to protect surrounding property from the likely adverse secondary effects of such establishments. "Adult theaters and bookstores" are freely permitted in the areas of the city zoned industrial, where those adverse secondary effects are not as likely. Storekeeper is denied a zoning permit to open an adult theater and bookstore in a building owned by him in an area zoned commercial. As a result, Storekeeper brings suit in an appropriate court challenging the constitutionality of the zoning ordinance. Which of the following statements regarding the constitutionality of this Maple City ordinance is most accurate?
A. The ordinance is valid, because a city may enforce zoning restrictions on speech-related businesses to ensure that the messages they disseminate are acceptable to the residents of adjacent property.
B. The ordinance is valid, because a city may enforce this type of time, place, and manner regulation on speech-related businesses, so long as this type of regulation is designed to serve a substantial governmental interest and does not unreasonably limit alternative avenues of communication.
C. The ordinance is invalid, because a city may not enforce zoning regulations that deprive potential operators of adult theaters and bookstores of their freedom to choose the location of their businesses.
D. The ordinance is invalid, because a city may not zone property in a manner calculated to protect property from the likely adverse secondary effects of adult theaters and bookstores.
|
||
Honesty comes in many forms. First there's self-honesty. Is what people see the real article or do you appear through smoke and mirrors? I find that if I try to be something I'm not, I feel unsure of myself and take out a part from my PBA (personal bank account). I love how singer Judy Garland put it, "Always be a first-class version of yourself, instead of a second-class version of somebody else." Then there's honesty in our actions. Are you honest at school, with your parents, and with your boss? If you've ever been dishonest, I think we all have. Try being honest, and notice how well it makes you feel. Remember, you can't do wrong and feel right. This story by Jeff is a good example of that: In my second year of study, there were three kids in my math class who didn't do well. I was really good at it. I would charge them three dollars for each test that I helped them pass. I'd write on a little piece of paper all the right answers, and hand them off. At first I felt like I was making money, kind of a nice job. I wasn't thinking about how it could hurt all of us. After a while I realized I shouldn't do that anymore, because I wasn't really helping them. They weren't learning anything, and it would only get harder down the road. Cheating certainly wasn't helping me. It takes courage to be honest when people all around you are getting away with cheating on tests, lying to their parents, and stealing at work. But, remember, every act of honesty is a deposit into your PBA and will build strength. Which of the following can best explain Judy Garland's words?
|
[
"Be your true self rather than follow others.",
"Don't copy others or you can't be the first class.",
"Make efforts to be the first instead of the second.",
"Don't learn from others unless they're excellent."
] | 0A
|
Honesty comes in many forms. First there's self-honesty. Is what people see the real article or do you appear through smoke and mirrors? I find that if I try to be something I'm not, I feel unsure of myself and take out a part from my PBA (personal bank account). I love how singer Judy Garland put it, "Always be a first-class version of yourself, instead of a second-class version of somebody else." Then there's honesty in our actions. Are you honest at school, with your parents, and with your boss? If you've ever been dishonest, I think we all have. Try being honest, and notice how well it makes you feel. Remember, you can't do wrong and feel right. This story by Jeff is a good example of that: In my second year of study, there were three kids in my math class who didn't do well. I was really good at it. I would charge them three dollars for each test that I helped them pass. I'd write on a little piece of paper all the right answers, and hand them off. At first I felt like I was making money, kind of a nice job. I wasn't thinking about how it could hurt all of us. After a while I realized I shouldn't do that anymore, because I wasn't really helping them. They weren't learning anything, and it would only get harder down the road. Cheating certainly wasn't helping me. It takes courage to be honest when people all around you are getting away with cheating on tests, lying to their parents, and stealing at work. But, remember, every act of honesty is a deposit into your PBA and will build strength. Which of the following can best explain Judy Garland's words?
A. Be your true self rather than follow others.
B. Don't copy others or you can't be the first class.
C. Make efforts to be the first instead of the second.
D. Don't learn from others unless they're excellent.
|
A. Be your true self rather than follow others.
|
Retrieved:
to work, and the requirement that one's profession be " clean ", i. e. without prospect for dishonesty. talmudic teachings define as fraud - every mode of taking advantage of a man's ignorance, whether jew or gentile ; as theft - gains obtained by betting or gambling, or by raising the price of food through speculation ; as usury - advantages derived from loans of money or of other items ; as a sin provoking god's punishment - every breach of promise in commerce ; as a culpable transgression - every act of carelessness which exposes men or things to danger or damage. the mesillat yesharim, considered a foundational mussar text, devotes much discussion to honesty in business, and the role this plays as regards character development in general ; see for example ch 11. rabbi yisrael lipkin salanter ( 19th century ), founder of the musar movement in eastern europe, put a great deal of emphasis on business ethics, and taught that just as one checks carefully to make sure their food is kosher, so too should one check to see if his money is earned in a kosher fashion. the chofetz chaim ’ s first published work concerned honesty in weights and measures. some examples in chassidic thought follow ; for further resources here see and. based on a maamar of the lubavitch rebbe, menachem mendel schneerson, it is learned that meditation and prayer, while spiritually transformative, do not match the power of doing business ethically ( padah b ’ shalom, 5739 ). the admor of belz, rabbi aharon rokeach, in discussing the angels descending and ascending on the ladder seen in the dream of ya'akov, notes that the gematria value of sulam, ladder, is equivalent to that of kesef, money. the teaching here is that while a few are able to ascend spiritually in the way they earn and spend their money others, instead, descend here. indeed, therefore, " nowhere in the whole field of human activity are the lusts and needs that need separation and religious guidance greater than in this field of human activity ". the " shelah ", isaiah horowitz, states ( in sha'ar haotiyot ) that " the mezzuzah that we affix to the doorpost is connected to the things that we bring in and take out of
Original Instruction:
Honesty comes in many forms. First there's self-honesty. Is what people see the real article or do you appear through smoke and mirrors? I find that if I try to be something I'm not, I feel unsure of myself and take out a part from my PBA (personal bank account). I love how singer Judy Garland put it, "Always be a first-class version of yourself, instead of a second-class version of somebody else." Then there's honesty in our actions. Are you honest at school, with your parents, and with your boss? If you've ever been dishonest, I think we all have. Try being honest, and notice how well it makes you feel. Remember, you can't do wrong and feel right. This story by Jeff is a good example of that: In my second year of study, there were three kids in my math class who didn't do well. I was really good at it. I would charge them three dollars for each test that I helped them pass. I'd write on a little piece of paper all the right answers, and hand them off. At first I felt like I was making money, kind of a nice job. I wasn't thinking about how it could hurt all of us. After a while I realized I shouldn't do that anymore, because I wasn't really helping them. They weren't learning anything, and it would only get harder down the road. Cheating certainly wasn't helping me. It takes courage to be honest when people all around you are getting away with cheating on tests, lying to their parents, and stealing at work. But, remember, every act of honesty is a deposit into your PBA and will build strength. Which of the following can best explain Judy Garland's words?
A. Be your true self rather than follow others.
B. Don't copy others or you can't be the first class.
C. Make efforts to be the first instead of the second.
D. Don't learn from others unless they're excellent.
|
||
It doesn't matter when or how much a person sleeps, but everyone needs some rest to stay alive.That's what all doctors thought, until they heard about Al Herpin.Al Herpin, it was said, never slept. Could this be true? The doctors decided to see this strange man themselves. Al Herpin was 90 years old when the doctors came to his home in New Jersey. They thought for sure that he got some sleep of some kind.So they stayed with him and watched every movement he made. But they were surprised. Though they watched him hour after hour and day after day, they never saw Herpin sleeping.In fact, he did not even own a bed. He never needed one. The only rest that Herpin sometimes got was sitting in a comfortable chair and reading newspapers. The doctors were puzzled by this strange continuous sleeplessness.They asked him many questions, hoping to find an answer.They found only one answer that might explain his condition.Herpin remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he was born.But that was all.Was this the real reason? No one could be sure. Herpin died at the age of 94. The doctors came to visit Herpin, expecting _ .
|
[
"to cure him of his sleeplessness",
"to find that his sleeplessness was not really true",
"to find out why some old people didn't need any sleep",
"to find a way to free people from the need of sleeping["
] | 1B
|
It doesn't matter when or how much a person sleeps, but everyone needs some rest to stay alive.That's what all doctors thought, until they heard about Al Herpin.Al Herpin, it was said, never slept. Could this be true? The doctors decided to see this strange man themselves. Al Herpin was 90 years old when the doctors came to his home in New Jersey. They thought for sure that he got some sleep of some kind.So they stayed with him and watched every movement he made. But they were surprised. Though they watched him hour after hour and day after day, they never saw Herpin sleeping.In fact, he did not even own a bed. He never needed one. The only rest that Herpin sometimes got was sitting in a comfortable chair and reading newspapers. The doctors were puzzled by this strange continuous sleeplessness.They asked him many questions, hoping to find an answer.They found only one answer that might explain his condition.Herpin remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he was born.But that was all.Was this the real reason? No one could be sure. Herpin died at the age of 94. The doctors came to visit Herpin, expecting _ .
A. to cure him of his sleeplessness
B. to find that his sleeplessness was not really true
C. to find out why some old people didn't need any sleep
D. to find a way to free people from the need of sleeping[
|
B. to find that his sleeplessness was not really true
|
Retrieved:
sleep epidemiology is an emerging branch of the discipline of epidemiology. it is a growing field of scientific enquiry, with the first documented modern epidemiological survey being conducted in 1979. there is extensive interest in sleep research in the uk, europe and worldwide. in the uk and us this manifests itself in research centres which often have sleep laboratories where the sleep patterns and conditions of individuals can be observed, as well as the effect of various treatments. similarly assessment and treatment of sleep disorders is evident in health care and clinical centres, sometimes in partnership with universities. = = introduction = = there is growing recognition of the importance of sleep on our health and well - being. the field of research into sleep has been mostly led by the discipline of psychology, focussing for example on rapid eye movement sleep, dreaming and memory consolidation studies. clinical and medical professionals have taken less interest in the causes and consequences of good and poor sleep. it is often used as a sign of existing disease, such as depression. more recently pulmonology has developed methods for identifying sleep - disordered breathing, such as obstructive sleep apnea. as a consequence the field of sleep medicine has become an increasingly popular sub - specialty of medicine. in order to provide evidence for this medical specialty, sleep epidemiology provides data on the incidence and prevalence of good and poor sleep. this then allows the collection of evidence for the causes and consequences of the quantity and quality of sleep in the population. studies provide the direction for research into interventions on sleep to improve health and well - being. the us dominates in this field. sleep epidemiology has provided evidence for the association between sleep and various diseases, particularly metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. it is also related to known risk factors for disease such as obesity. = = related fields = = sleep epidemiology draws upon fields such as : sleep medicine, statistics, psychology, epidemiology, economics, biology, and mathematics = = journals = = stanford journal of sleep epidemiology [ 1 ] = = see also = = epidemiology sleep = = references = = = = external links = = british sleep society [ 2 ] sleep research society [ 3 ]
Original Instruction:
It doesn't matter when or how much a person sleeps, but everyone needs some rest to stay alive.That's what all doctors thought, until they heard about Al Herpin.Al Herpin, it was said, never slept. Could this be true? The doctors decided to see this strange man themselves. Al Herpin was 90 years old when the doctors came to his home in New Jersey. They thought for sure that he got some sleep of some kind.So they stayed with him and watched every movement he made. But they were surprised. Though they watched him hour after hour and day after day, they never saw Herpin sleeping.In fact, he did not even own a bed. He never needed one. The only rest that Herpin sometimes got was sitting in a comfortable chair and reading newspapers. The doctors were puzzled by this strange continuous sleeplessness.They asked him many questions, hoping to find an answer.They found only one answer that might explain his condition.Herpin remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he was born.But that was all.Was this the real reason? No one could be sure. Herpin died at the age of 94. The doctors came to visit Herpin, expecting _ .
A. to cure him of his sleeplessness
B. to find that his sleeplessness was not really true
C. to find out why some old people didn't need any sleep
D. to find a way to free people from the need of sleeping[
|
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