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åŸã£ãŠéåã§xãåãã®ã¯ E i ⥠U ( x ) {\displaystyle E_{i}\geq U(x)} ãæãç«ã€ç¯å²ã«éããããã€ãŸã暪軞ã«xã瞊軞ã«y=U(x)ã®ã°ã©ããæžããå Žåã æ°Žå¹³ç· y = E i {\displaystyle y=E_{i}} ã®äžã«æ²ç· y = U ( x ) {\displaystyle y=U(x)} ãããé åãéåã®ç¯å²ãšãªãããã®äºã€ã®ç·ãé¢ããŠããé åã»ã©éåã®é床ã¯éãã éåã®éãvãšxã®éã«ã¯
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t = t i + m 2 â« x i x d x â² E i â U ( x â² ) {\displaystyle t=t_{i}+{\sqrt {\frac {m}{2}}}\int _{x_{i}}^{x}{\frac {dx'}{\sqrt {E_{i}-U(x')}}}}
ããã§äžè¬è§£ãåŸããããå F ( x ) {\displaystyle F(x)} ãäžããããã°ãããããUãæ±ããäžã®å³èŸºã®ç©åãå®è¡ããå¿
èŠãªãx=h(t)ãšãã圢ã«çŽãã°éåãåŸããããç©åãé¢åãããšããæåã«x=h(t)ã§ã¯ãªãt=g(x)ãšãã圢ã«ãªãã®ãããŸãã¡ãšæãããç¥ããªãããããã§ãå³å¯è§£ãå®ç©åãšããéãã圢ã§åŸãããããšã¯å€§ããªæå³ããã€ã
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ã§ãã倪éœããã®è·é¢rãštã®é¢ä¿ãäžãšåã圢ã®ç©åã§è¡šããã(q,kã宿°ãšã㊠U ( r ) = q r 2 â k r {\displaystyle U(r)={\frac {q}{r^{2}}}-{\frac {k}{r}}} ã第äžé
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ãªããã«ãŒãããããã U ( x ) {\displaystyle U(x)} ã®é¢æ°åœ¢ãå°ãè€éã«ãªã£ãã ãã§ç©åã¯é£ãããªããããã§ãåç¯ã®å®æ§çãªè§£æã¯ U ( x ) {\displaystyle U(x)} ã®ã°ã©ããçšãã ãã§ã§ããããšã«æ³šæããŠã»ãããäŸãã°U(x)ãäžæ¬¡é¢æ°ã®ããã«å±±ãšè°·ãæã€ãããªå Žåã«ã¯éåãå±±ãè¶ããããããšãè°·ã«éã蟌ãããããŸãŸæ¯åããããéèŠãªãã€ã³ãã«ãªãããããã¯åææ¡ä»¶ã® E i {\displaystyle E_{i}} ãå±±ããé«ããã©ãããèŠãã°åããã®ã§ããããŸã宿§çãªæ§è³ªãã°ã©ãã§èª¿ã¹ãŠããç©åã«åãçµãããšã§ãåŒããŸãšããæ¹éãèŠããŠããã
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U ( x ) = k 2 x 2 {\displaystyle U(x)={\frac {k}{2}}x^{2}}
ãã®å Žåãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯0以äžã§ãã( E i = m v i 2 / 2 + k x i 2 / 2 ⥠0 {\displaystyle E_{i}=mv_{i}^{2}/2+kx_{i}^{2}/2\geq 0} )ãå³å¯è§£ã®å
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t = t i + m 2 â« x i x d x â² E i â k 2 x â² 2 {\displaystyle t=t_{i}+{\sqrt {\frac {m}{2}}}\int _{x_{i}}^{x}{\frac {dx'}{\sqrt {E_{i}-{\frac {k}{2}}x'^{2}}}}}
ããšã¯æ°åŠã®åé¡ãšããŠç©åãèšç®ããã°ããã®ã§ã¯ããããèšç®ãç©ççãªèå¯ãå ããªããè¡ãããšã§ãããããã«ã§ããããŸãéåã®ã¹ã±ãŒã«ãç¹åŸŽã¥ããéãèããã宿§çãªè§£æããåããããã«ãéåã®ç¯å²ã¯ E i â k 2 x â² 2 ⥠0 {\displaystyle E_{i}-{\frac {k}{2}}x'^{2}\geq 0} ãæºããé åãå³ã¡ â 2 E i / k †x †2 E i / k {\displaystyle -{\sqrt {2E_{i}/k}}\leq x\leq {\sqrt {2E_{i}/k}}} ãã£ãŠ L := 2 E i / k {\displaystyle L:={\sqrt {2E_{i}/k}}} ãšãããšããã® L {\displaystyle L} ãéåã®(é·ãã®)ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã«ãªãã座æšxããããã®Lã®äœåã(äœå²ã)ããšè¡šãã®ããããããã§
X = x / L {\displaystyle X=x/L}
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¥ãæŽçãããšãäžçªé¢åãªç©åã®éšåããããã«ãªãã被ç©å颿°ããkã E i {\displaystyle E_{i}} ãªã©ã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãåãé€ããã®ã§ããã
t = t i + m 2 â« X i X L d X â² E i â k 2 ( 2 E i / k X â² ) 2 = t i + m 2 E i L â« X i X d X â² 1 â X â² 2 = t i + m 2 E i L ( sin â 1 X â sin â 1 X i ) {\displaystyle t=t_{i}+{\sqrt {\frac {m}{2}}}\int _{X_{i}}^{X}{\frac {LdX'}{\sqrt {E_{i}-{\frac {k}{2}}({\sqrt {2E_{i}/k}}X')^{2}}}}=t_{i}+{\sqrt {\frac {m}{2E_{i}}}}L\int _{X_{i}}^{X}{\frac {dX'}{\sqrt {1-X'^{2}}}}=t_{i}+{\sqrt {\frac {m}{2E_{i}}}}L(\sin ^{-1}X-\sin ^{-1}X_{i})}
åŒã®äžã«çŸãã m 2 E i L {\displaystyle {\sqrt {\frac {m}{2E_{i}}}}L} ãšããä¿æ°ã¯æéã®åäœãæã€ã®ã§ãæéã®ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã«ãªã£ãŠããã¯ããããã T 2 Ï {\displaystyle {\frac {T}{2\pi }}} ãšãã( 2 Ï {\displaystyle 2\pi } ãå
¥ããã®ã¯ãsinã®åšæã 2 Ï {\displaystyle 2\pi } ã§ããããšãçšãã§)ããŸã sin â 1 X i {\displaystyle \sin ^{-1}X_{i}} ã Ï i {\displaystyle \phi _{i}} ãšæžã:
T 2 Ï := m 2 E i L = m 2 E i 2 E i / k = m k , Ï i := sin â 1 X i {\displaystyle {\frac {T}{2\pi }}:={\sqrt {\frac {m}{2E_{i}}}}L={\sqrt {\frac {m}{2E_{i}}}}{\sqrt {2E_{i}/k}}={\sqrt {\frac {m}{k}}},\phi _{i}:=\sin ^{-1}X_{i}}
ãããš t = t i + T 2 Ï ( sin â 1 X â Ï i ) {\displaystyle t=t_{i}+{\frac {T}{2\pi }}(\sin ^{-1}X-\phi _{i})} ãåŸããããããX=ã®åœ¢ã«çŽããš
X = sin ( 2 Ï t â t i T + Ï i ) {\displaystyle X=\sin(2\pi {\frac {t-t_{i}}{T}}+\phi _{i})}
ãšããç°¡åãªåŒã«ãªããã€ãŸã質ç¹ã¯sinã®åœ¢ã®æ¯åãããã®ã§ãããããã«Xãxã«çŽããŠãŸãšãããš
x = L sin ( 2 Ï t â t i T + Ï i ) , T = 2 Ï m k , L := 2 E i k = m v i 2 + 2 k x i 2 k , Ï i := sin â 1 X i = sin â 1 x i L {\displaystyle x=L\sin(2\pi {\frac {t-t_{i}}{T}}+\phi _{i}),T=2\pi {\sqrt {\frac {m}{k}}},L:={\sqrt {\frac {2E_{i}}{k}}}={\sqrt {\frac {mv_{i}^{2}+2kx_{i}^{2}}{k}}},\phi _{i}:=\sin ^{-1}X_{i}=\sin ^{-1}{\frac {x_{i}}{L}}}
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L {\displaystyle L} ãåšæ T {\displaystyle T} ãåæäœçž Ï i {\displaystyle \phi _{i}} ã®åæ¯åãšåŒã°ããã
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ã®ãã®(è€å·ãæã€)ã®+ã®æ¹ã®ãã®ã ããªã®ã§ãäžã®å°åºããåŸãããåŒã¯è«ççã«ã¯dx/dt>0ã®ç¯å²ã§ããä¿èšŒãããªãããããçµæçã«ã¯ãããããããšã«ãã®å¶çŽããšã£ã±ãã£ãé åã§ãè§£ã«ãªã£ãŠããããã®ããšãææ©ã確ãããã«ã¯äžã®è§£ãéåæ¹çšåŒ d 2 x / d t 2 = â k x {\displaystyle d^{2}x/dt^{2}=-kx} ã«ä»£å
¥ããä»»æã®tã§ æ¹çšåŒãæãç«ã£ãŠããããšã確èªããã°ããããŸãåææ¡ä»¶ã«çŽæ¥çµã³ä»ããã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«å æ³å®çã䜿ãsinãå±éããã»ãããããããã
x = L cos Ï i sin ( 2 Ï t â t i T ) + L sin Ï i cos ( 2 Ï t â t i T ) , v = d x d t = 2 Ï L T cos Ï i cos ( 2 Ï t â t i T i ) â 2 Ï L T sin Ï i sin ( 2 Ï t â t i T i ) {\displaystyle x=L\cos \phi _{i}\sin(2\pi {\frac {t-t_{i}}{T}})+L\sin \phi _{i}\cos(2\pi {\frac {t-t_{i}}{T}}),v={\frac {dx}{dt}}=2\pi {\frac {L}{T}}\cos \phi _{i}\cos(2\pi {\frac {t-t_{i}}{T}}i)-2\pi {\frac {L}{T}}\sin \phi _{i}\sin(2\pi {\frac {t-t_{i}}{T}}i)}
ããã§ t = t i {\displaystyle t=t_{i}} ã§ã®åææ¡ä»¶ x = x i , v = v i {\displaystyle x=x_{i},v=v_{i}} ã䜿ã£ãŠäžã«åºãŠãã L , Ï i {\displaystyle L,\phi _{i}} ã®çµåãã衚ããäžã®åŒã« t = t i {\displaystyle t=t_{i}} ã代å
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x i = L sin Ï i , v i = 2 Ï L T cos Ï i {\displaystyle x_{i}=L\sin \phi _{i},v_{i}=2\pi {\frac {L}{T}}\cos \phi _{i}}
ããããã L sin Ï i = x i , L cos Ï i = v i T 2 Ï {\displaystyle L\sin \phi _{i}=x_{i},L\cos \phi _{i}={\frac {v_{i}T}{2\pi }}} ãšãªãã®ã§ããããxã®åŒã«å
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x = v i T 2 Ï sin ( 2 Ï t â t i T ) + x i cos ( 2 Ï t â t i T ) {\displaystyle x={\frac {v_{i}T}{2\pi }}\sin(2\pi {\frac {t-t_{i}}{T}})+x_{i}\cos(2\pi {\frac {t-t_{i}}{T}})}
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£æ§ã¢ãŒã¡ã³ãã Ï {\displaystyle \omega } ã¯ãè§é床ã§ããã
åäœã質ç¹ãå¯ã«çµåãããã®ãšèãããšã è§éåéã¯ããããã®è³ªç¹ã®åã§äžããããã ããå転軞ãåã£ãŠãã®åãã®è§éåéãèãããšã L = â m i r i 2 Ï {\displaystyle L=\sum m_{i}r_{i}^{2}\omega } ( r i {\displaystyle r_{i}} ã¯è³ªç¹iã®å転軞ããã®è·é¢ã m i {\displaystyle m_{i}} ã¯ã質ç¹iã®è³ªéã) (å
šãŠã®è³ªç¹ã¯å¯ã«çµåããŠããã®ã§ãããããåäžã®è§é床ãæã€ããšã«æ³šæã (å°åº?)) ç¹ã«ãx軞ãy軞ãz軞æ¹åã«ã€ããŠèãããšãã®å€ã¯ I k l = â i m i ( x i k x i l â ÎŽ k l r i 2 ) {\displaystyle I_{kl}=\sum _{i}m_{i}(x_{ik}x_{il}-\delta _{kl}r_{i}^{2})} ãåŸãããã ããã¯ãã³ãœã«ã®åœ¢ãããŠããã®ã§ããããæ£ããæ
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( â« S {\displaystyle \int _{S}} ã¯åã®é¢ç©å
šäœã§ã®é¢ç©åã衚ããã ) = Ï â« 0 a r d r â« 0 2 Ï d Ï r 2 {\displaystyle =\sigma \int _{0}^{a}rdr\int _{0}^{2\pi }d\phi r^{2}}
(zè»žã®æ¹åãä¿ã£ãŠåæ±åº§æšãåãã) = Ï 2 Ï â« 0 a r 3 d r {\displaystyle =\sigma 2\pi \int _{0}^{a}r^{3}dr} = Ï Ï 2 a 4 {\displaystyle =\sigma {\frac {\pi }{2}}a^{4}} ãšãªãã ( Ï {\displaystyle \sigma } ã¯ã Ï a 2 {\displaystyle \sigma a^{2}} ã§è³ªéãšãªãããšããããã®çµæãæ£ããæ¬¡å
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= 4 a 4 Ï â« 0 1 u 2 1 â u 2 d u {\displaystyle =4a^{4}\sigma \int _{0}^{1}u^{2}{\sqrt {1-u^{2}}}du} (u = x/a ãšçœ®ãæãããç©åå
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ãã®èšç®ãè¡ãªããšã ç©åã®å€ã Ï / 16 {\displaystyle \pi /16} ã§äžããããããšãåãã ãã£ãŠ I y = Ï 4 Ï a 4 {\displaystyle I_{y}={\frac {\pi }{4}}\sigma a^{4}} ãšãªãã ããã§å転ã«å¯Ÿãã察称æ§ãã I x = I y = Ï 4 Ï a 4 {\displaystyle I_{x}=I_{y}={\frac {\pi }{4}}\sigma a^{4}} ãšãªãããšã«æ³šæã ããã§ã I z = I x + I y {\displaystyle I_{z}=I_{x}+I_{y}} ãšãªã£ãŠãããããã®çåŒã¯åã¿ããªãåäœã«å¯Ÿã㊠äžè¬ã«æãç«ã€ã
(å°åº)
I z = â i m i ( x i 2 + y i 2 ) {\displaystyle I_{z}=\sum _{i}m_{i}(x_{i}^{2}+y_{i}^{2})} , I x = â i m i ( y i 2 + z i 2 ) {\displaystyle I_{x}=\sum _{i}m_{i}(y_{i}^{2}+z_{i}^{2})} , I y = â i m i ( z i 2 + x i 2 ) {\displaystyle I_{y}=\sum _{i}m_{i}(z_{i}^{2}+x_{i}^{2})} ã§ããããåã¿ããªãç©äœã«å¯ŸããŠåã¿ããªãé¢ãšåçŽãªæ¹åã« z軞ãåããšã I x {\displaystyle I_{x}} , I y {\displaystyle I_{y}} ã«ã€ã㊠I x = â i m i y i 2 {\displaystyle I_{x}=\sum _{i}m_{i}y_{i}^{2}} , I y = â i m i x i 2 {\displaystyle I_{y}=\sum _{i}m_{i}x_{i}^{2}} ãæãç«ã€ã(åã¿ããªãã®ã§ z i = 0 {\displaystyle z_{i}=0} ãšãªãã)ãã®ããšãã I z = I x + I y {\displaystyle I_{z}=I_{x}+I_{y}} ãåŸãããã | [
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žç©çåŠã§æ±ããããããªç©äœãæã€æ§è³ªãšããŠã¯ã質éã»é»è·ã»åœ¢ç¶ãããããã®ãã¡é»è·ã«ã€ããŠã¯é»ç£æ°åŠã§æ±ããæ¬é
ç®ã®å€å
žååŠã§ã¯è³ªéãšåœ¢ç¶ã®ã¿ãæ±ãããã®ãããªãååŠçãªç©äœã®ãã¡è³ªéã®ã¿ãæã¡ã倧ãããæããªãç©äœã質ç¹ãšãããå®éã®ç©äœã¯å€§ãããæã€ããéåã®å€§ããã«å¯ŸããŠç©äœã®å€§ãããç¡èŠã§ããã»ã©å°ãããã°è³ªç¹ãšèŠãªããã倧ãããæã€ç©äœã§ããã°åãå ãããšå€åœ¢ããããããªã©ããŠãç©äœã®éåã«å
šãŠã®åã䜿ãããªãäºãå€ãããããã®ãããªèŠå ãæé€ããŠäœçœ®ã®å€åã«ããéåã®ã¿ãèããããã«çæ³åãããç©äœã§ããããã¡ããã質ç¹ãã®ãããªç©äœã¯çŸå®ã«ã¯ãªããããããåçŽåããã¢ãã«ã«ã€ããŠãŸãèããããšã¯ååŠã®æ¬è³ªã®çè§£ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ã",
"title": "ç©äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è€æ°ã®è³ªç¹ã®éãŸãã質ç¹ç³»ãšããã質ç¹ç³»ã®å
ã質ç¹å士ã®çžå¯Ÿçãªäœçœ®é¢ä¿ãåãå ããŠãå€ããã¬ç©äœãåäœãšãããå®éã®ç©äœã¯åãå ãããšå€å°ãªããšãå€åœ¢ããããåãå ããŠãå€åœ¢ãç¡èŠã§ããã»ã©ç¡¬ããã°åäœãšèŠãªããŠããã",
"title": "ç©äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倧ãããæã¡ãåãå ãããšå€åœ¢ããããåãå ããã®ãæ¢ãããšå
ã®ç¶æ
ã«æ»ãç©äœã匟æ§äœãšããã",
"title": "ç©äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°äœãæ¶²äœã®ããã«æ±ºãŸã£ã圢ãæãããæµããç©äœãæµäœãšãããæµäœã«ã€ããŠã¯å€å
žååŠã§ã¯ãªãæµäœååŠã§æ±ãã",
"title": "ç©äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ§ã
ãªéã衚çŸããããã«ãæ°åŠã§ã¯ãã®éãèšå·ãçšããŠè¡šãã以äžã«ä»£è¡šçãªéãšãã®èšå·ã®äŸã以äžã«æããããããã¯åãªãäŸã§ãããæ¬æžã«éããå
šãŠã®éããã®è¡šã«åŸã£ãŠæžã衚ãããŠããããã§ã¯ãªãã t {\\displaystyle t} ã m {\\displaystyle m} ã®ãããªèšå·ãçšããŠéã衚çŸããã®ã¯åé·ãªè¡šçŸãçããŸãšããç®çã§è¡ãããã",
"title": "èšå·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç©çé (physical quantity) ãšã¯ãçŽæ¥çãªãã鿥çãªæž¬å®ãéããŠåççã«æ±ºå®å¯èœãããããªç³» (system) ã®ç¹åŸŽéã§ãããååŠã«ãããç³»ãšã¯ãæãäžè¬çã«ã¯éåããç©äœ(ã®éãŸã)ãšç©äœãéåãã空éã®ããšã§ãããç³»ãç¹åŸŽã¥ããç©çéã¯ç©äœãç©äœã®éå£ã«ä»éããéã§ãã£ããã空éã«ä»éãããã®ã§ãã£ããããããã¯ç©äœãšç©ºéã®é¢ä¿æ§ãæã瀺ããã®ã§ãã£ããæ§ã
ã§ãããæãåºæ¬çãªç©çéãšããŠã¯ãããææšãšãªãç©äœãšç©ºéäžã®äžç¹ãçµã¶è·é¢ãæããããã",
"title": "ç©çé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç©äœãéåããå Žåããã®ç©äœãæãè»è·¡ãšãã®æã
ã®æå»ãçµã³ã€ããŠèããããšãã§ãããç©äœã®éåã«å¯Ÿããæå»ãšããŠã©ã®ãããªãã®ãéžã¶ãã¯å
šãæããã§ã¯ãªãããå·®ãåœãã£ãŠããåçŽãªéåãåºæºã«ããããšã«ãã£ãŠæå»ãå®ãããããšããããšãèªããããåçŽãªéåãã¯ããšãã°å€ªéœãæãæ²ãåšæãæã®æºã¡æ¬ ãã ã£ãããå£ç¯ã®ç§»ãå€ãããããããã¯æèšã®ç§éã®åãã ã£ããæ§ã
ã§ããããã®ãããªæå»ãç¥ãæéãæž¬ãããã®è£
眮ãªããä»çµã¿ã¯ãå°ããæèšããšåŒã°ãããæã
ãæèšãèŠãŠæå»ãç¥ãããšã«ã€ããŠã¯å·®ãåœãã£ãŠäœã®å¶çŽãäžããããªããåŸã£ãŠãçæ³çãªæèšãšããŠä»»æã®é£ç¶çãªæå»ãæ£ç¢ºã«ç€ºããã®ãèããããšãã§ããããã®ãããªä»®æ³çãªæèšã¯å¯äžã€ã«æ±ºãŸã£ãŠããããã§ã¯ãªãæéã®æž¬ãæ¹ã«ãã£ãŠç¡æ°ã®æèšãååšããããããããã®æèšãæãæå»ã«ã€ããŠã®å¯Ÿå¿é¢ä¿ãã¯ã£ãããšããŠãããªããã®å
ã®ã©ããäžã€ã䜿ãã°ããããšã«ãªããå®éã«ã¯ãçŸå®ã«ååšããæèšãšåãæž¬ãæ¹ã®ãã®ãéžã¶ããšã«ãªãã ããã ãã®ãããªçæ³çãªæèšã«ãã£ãŠç¹åŸŽã¥ããããæéãã®ãã®ã¯ãåã«ç©äœã®éåã幟äœåŠçãªèå°ã«ç«ãããããã®éå
·ç«ãŠä»¥äžã®æå³ãæããªãã",
"title": "ç©çé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æèšã«ãã£ãŠæéãæž¬ãããšãã§ããã°ãåæå»ã«ãããç©äœã®äœçœ®ããç©äœã®é床ãå®ããããšãã§ãããé床ã¯ãåç¯ã§ç޹ä»ããããã«ã2 ã€ã®æå»ã«ãããäœçœ®ã®å€åéããã®éã«çµéããæéã§å²ã£ããã®ãšããŠå°å
¥ããããç©äœã®é床 v ( t ) {\\displaystyle v(t)} ã¯ç©äœã®äœçœ® x ( t ) {\\displaystyle x(t)} ãæå» t {\\displaystyle t} ã«ã€ããŠåŸ®åãããã®ãšããŠå®çŸ©ããããç©äœã®äœçœ® x ( t ) {\\displaystyle x(t)} ããã³é床 v ( t ) {\\displaystyle v(t)} ã®å
šäœåã¯æå» t {\\displaystyle t} ã®é¢æ°ãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããã",
"title": "ç©çé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å®çŸ©ã¯ç©äœã®äœçœ®ããã³é床ããã¯ãã«ã§ãã£ãŠãå€ãããªãããã¯ãã«ã倪åã§è¡šãã°æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªãã",
"title": "ç©çé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ§ã«ããŠãé床 v ( t ) {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {v}}(t)} ã®å€åã®å²åãšããŠå é床 a ( t ) {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {a}}(t)} ãã",
"title": "ç©çé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å é床 a ( t ) {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {a}}(t)} ã®å€åã®å²åãšããŠèºåºŠ (jerk)",
"title": "ç©çé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãå®çŸ©ã§ãããé«éã®æé埮åã«ãã£ãŠå®çŸ©ãããéãæšå®ããããã«ã¯ãçŽæ¥çã«ã¯äœçœ®ãšæå»ã®æž¬å®ãæ°å€ãè¡ãå¿
èŠããããããšãã°éåºŠãæž¬å®ããããã«ã¯ãçŽæ¥çã«ã¯ 2 ã€ã®äœçœ®ãšæå»ã®çµãå®ããããšãå¿
èŠãšãªããåæ§ã«å éåºŠãæž¬ãããã«ã¯ 2 ã€ã®æå»ã«ãããé床ãç¥ãå¿
èŠããããããäœçœ®ãšæå»ã®çµã 3 ç¹æž¬å®ããªããã°ãªããªãã",
"title": "ç©çé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååŠã«ãããŠã©ã®çšåºŠãŸã§é«éã®åŸ®åãæ±ããå¿
èŠãããã ããããå
èµ°ã£ãŠèšãã°ããã¥ãŒãã³ååŠã«ãããŠã¯ããæå»ã«ãããç©äœã®äœçœ®ãšéåºŠãæ±ºå®ããããšã§ããã®ç©äœã®æªæ¥ãšéå»ã«ãããéåãå®å
šã«äºæž¬ããããšãã§ããåŸã£ãŠéåãèšè¿°ããã«ã¯ç©äœã®å é床ãåãã£ãŠããã°å
åãšããããšã«ãªãããã®ãã¥ãŒãã³ååŠã®æ§è³ªã¯ãã¥ãŒãã³ã®æ±ºå®æ§åçãšåŒã°ãããå€ãã®ç©äœã®éåã«ã€ããŠããã¥ãŒãã³ååŠã«ãã£ãŠæ£ç¢ºãªäºæž¬ãåŸãããäºå®ã¯ããããã®çŸè±¡ã®èåŸã«ããæ±ºå®æ§åçã®ååšãæã«ç€ºããŠãããšèšããã ããã",
"title": "ç©çé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååŠã«ãããŠåºæ¬ãšãªãéã¯ãäœçœ®ãæéãé床ãå é床ã®ãããªç©äœã®éåãšããŠçŽæ¥æããããéã®ä»ã«ãåã質éãéåéããšãã«ã®ãŒãšãã£ããã®ãããããããã«ã€ããŠã¯ãŸãå¥ã®ç¯ãèšããŠè©³ããè¿°ã¹ãããšã«ããããæ»ãæãã§ããããã©ã®ãããªéã§ããããè¿°ã¹ããã 質éã¯ç©äœã®äºã€ã®ç°ãªãæ§è³ªã決å®ãããäžã€ã¯ç©äœã®åããã«ãããšæ¢ãã«ããã§ãããããäžã€ã¯ç©äœã®éãã§ããã質éã倧ããªç©äœã»ã©åããã¥ãããŸãæ¢ãã¥ãããç©äœã®éãã¯è³ªéã«æ¯äŸãã質éã倧ããã»ã©ç©äœã¯éããªããæèŠçã«ã¯è³ªéã®ãããã®æ§è³ªãç©äœã®ãéãããšããŠæããšãããã",
"title": "ç©çé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åã¯ç©äœã®éåãå€åãããèŠå ã§ãããåã®çºçæºã¯æ§ã
ã§ãããååŠã«ãããŠç¹ã«åã®çºçæºãç¹å®ããããšã¯ãªãããã¥ãŒãã³ååŠã§ã¯ããã¹ãŠã®åã¯ç©äœå士ãçµã¶çžäºäœçšãšããŠèšè¿°ããããæãçŽæçãªäŸã¯ç©äœå士ãè¡çªãããããããšãã«åãæ¥è§Šåã ãããç©ãæã¡éã¶éã«æããéã¿ã¯ãéã°ããè·ç©ã«ãã£ãŠåãŒãããåãåå ãšããŠçããæèŠã§ãããšçè§£ã§ãããä»ã«ä»£è¡šçãªãã®ã¯äžæåŒåãšé黿°åãããã³ç£åã§ããããããã¯ç©äœãæ¥è§ŠããŠããªããŠãåããããéæ¥è§ŠåãšãåŒã°ãã(é éåãšãé éäœçšãšåŒã¶ããšãããããç©çåŠã§ã¯é éãšããèšèã¯ç¹å¥ã®æå³ãæã€ã®ã§ããããã®èªãçšããéã«ã¯æ··åãããªãããæ³šæãã¹ãã ãã)ã åãã®ãã®ã¯åŠäœã«ãã®æ¯ãèããçŽæçã§ããããšãæŠå¿µçãªãã®ã§ãããçŽæ¥çã«åãç¥ããã¹ã¯ãªããããããªãããåãåãŒãããã§ãããç©äœã¯ããã®éåã«å€åãçãããããç©äœã®å é床ãšçµã³ã€ããŠèããããšãã§ãããããã§è³ªéã¯ç©äœã«å ããããåã«å¯ŸããŠã©ãã ãã®å é床ãçãããã®ææšãšããŠçšããããã",
"title": "ç©çé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåéã¯ç©äœã®å¢ãã瀺ãéã§ãããç©äœã®å¢ãã¯ç©äœã®æ¢ãã«ãããç©äœã®éãã«çµã³ä»ããããéåéã¯ç©äœã®è³ªéãšé床ã«é¢ä¿ããéãšããŠå®çŸ©ããããç©äœã®é床ã倧ããã»ã©ããŸããã®è³ªéã倧ããã»ã©ç©äœã®éåéã¯å€§ãããªãããšãã«ã®ãŒã¯ç©äœãåããéã«ç©äœãšããåããããéã§ãããããããŸãç©äœã®éåã®å¢ããç¹åŸŽä»ãããéåéãšãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯ãŸããç¹å®ã®æ¡ä»¶ã®äžã§ãã®ç·éãäžå®ã«ä¿ãããããšãç¥ãããã",
"title": "ç©çé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ç¯ã¯æžãããã§ãããã®ç¯ãç·šéããŠãããæ¹ãå¿ãããåŸ
ã¡ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ç©çé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåã®äžæ³åãšã¯æ¬¡ã®3ã€ã®æ³åã®ããšã§ããã",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "第1æ³åã¯éåãšãããã®ãç©äœãšèŠ³æž¬è
ã®çžå¯Ÿçãªé¢ä¿ã§ããããå¿
èŠãšãªããã€ãŸãç©äœããšãŸã£ãŠããŠãã芳枬è
ãè€éãªéåãããŠããã°ç©äœã¯(芳枬è
ããèŠãŠ)è€éãªéåãããããã®ãããªèŠããäžã®éåãŸã§å«ãããšååŠã¯äžå¿
èŠã«è€éã«ãªã(å°ãªããšãå
¥éã¬ãã«ã§ã¯)ããããé€ãã«ã¯èŠ³æž¬è
ã«ãå¶éãã€ããªããã°ãªããªãã第1æ³åããã®å¶éãšãªããã€ãŸããéåã®ç¬¬2第3æ³åãæãç«ã€ã®ã¯ã第1æ³åãæãç«ã€ãããªèŠ³æž¬è
ã§ããããšãåæã«ããå Žåã«éãããšã«ãªãããã®ãããªèŠ³æž¬è
ãçšãã座æšç³»ãæ
£æ§ç³»ãšãã¶ãæ
£æ§ç³»ã¯éåããã£ãšãç°¡åã«(ãããã¯ãçŽ çŽãã«)èšè¿°ã§ãã座æšç³»ãšèããŠããã",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ç¬¬1æ³åã«è¿°ã¹ãããŠããå
容ã¯ãç©çæ³åã¯å
šãŠã®æ
£æ§ç³»ã«ãããŠçãããæ
£æ§ç³»ã«å¯ŸããŠçéçŽç·éåãããŠããç³»ã¯å
šãŠæ
£æ§ç³»ã§ãããšããã¬ãªã¬ã€ã®çžå¯Ÿæ§åçã«åºã¥ãããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåã®ç¬¬2æ³åãåŒã§è¡šããšãéåæ¹çšåŒ F=maãšãªããããã§ãFã¯ç©äœã«å ããããåã§ãããæ¬¡å
ã®é«ãéåã§ãããäœçœ®rããã¯ãã«ã§æžãããå Žåããã®åŒã¯",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãã圢ã«ãªãã質émã¯ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã§ãããäœçœ®rãšåFã¯ãã¯ãã«ã§ããã",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒè«ã«ãããåæå€åé¡ã®ããç¥ãããçµæãããããæç¹ã§ã® r â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {r}}} ãš v â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {v}}} ãäžããã°ããã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã®è§£ã¯äžæã«ååšãããšããããšãåããããã質ç¹ã®äœçœ®ãšé床ã«ãããã®åŸã®è³ªç¹ã®éåã¯å
šãŠæ±ºå®ãããã",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ãã¥ãŒãã³ã®æ±ºå®æ§åçã®äž»åŒµãããšãããšåãã§ããã",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°åŠçã«ã¯ã r â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {r}}} ã®äžé以äžã®æé埮åãå«ãæ¹çšåŒãèããäºãã§ãããããã¥ãŒãã³ã®æ±ºå®æ§åçã«ããå€å
žååŠã®èšè¿°ã«ã¯ãã®ãããªé«éã®åŸ®åãäžèŠã§ããããšãåãã£ãŠããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "第3æ³åã¯ãåã®é£ãåãã«é¢ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã2äœéã®åã®åãŒãåãã«é¢ããæ³åã§ãããæã
ãå°é¢ã«ç«ã€ãšããèªãã®éãã«ãã£ãŠå°é¢ãæŒããŠããããšã«ãªãããéã«åãã ãã®åã«ãã£ãŠå°é¢ã«æŒãè¿ããŠè²°ã£ãŠããããã«å°é¢ã®äžã§éæ¢ã§ããã®ã§ãããå°é¢ããé¢ããŠè·³ã³äžããããšæãã°ãæ®æ®µãã匷ãåã§å°é¢ã蹎ãããšã«ãããåãã ãã®åãå°é¢ããäžããããè·³ã³äžããããšãã§ããããã«ãªãããã ãã®å Žåã¯ãåäœçšã®åãåããã®ã¯å°é¢ã蹎ã£ãæã ãã§ãããããå°é¢ãé¢ããåŸã¯ãåŒåãšå察æ¹åã®åãåŸããããåã³å°é¢ã«åŒãå¯ããããŠããŸãããšã«ãªãã",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååŠã®äž»èŠãªç®çã¯æ³åã䜿ã£ãŠç©äœã®éåãå®éçãããã¯å®æ§çã«äºæž¬ããããšããéåãã¯ç©äœã®äœçœ®ãã¯ãã« r â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {r}}} ãæéãšãšãã«ã©ãå€åããããèšãæãããš r â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {r}}} ãæéã®ã©ã®ãããªé¢æ° r â ( t ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {r}}(t)} ã«ãªããã§è¡šããããããã§äœæ¥ã¯ r â ( t ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {r}}(t)} ãæºãããéåæ¹çšåŒããæ±ããæ¬¡ã«ãããè§£ããšããäºæ®µéã«åãããã:",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³åãã©ã䜿ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1.(éåæ¹çšåŒã®å°åº)åé¡ãšããç¶æ³ã«ãããŠç©äœãåããåãæ±ãããéåãé»ç£æ°åã®æ³åã䜿ãããè€æ°ã®ç©äœããããåé¡ã§ã¯ç¬¬3æ³åãéèŠãªåãããããç©äœãåããåã¯äžè¬ã«ã¯ãã®äœçœ® r â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {r}}} ããã³æå» t {\\displaystyle t} ã«äŸåããã®ã§ F â = F â ( t , r â ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {F}}={\\vec {F}}(t,{\\vec {r}})} ãšãªãããç¹ã«äœçœ®ãžã®äŸåæ§ãéèŠãªåé¡ãå€ãããã®çµæã第2æ³åã«ä»£å
¥ãããš",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³åãã©ã䜿ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããããéåæ¹çšåŒãæ°åŠçã«ã¯ r â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {r}}} ãæºãã2éåŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã«ä»ãªããªãã",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³åãã©ã䜿ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2.(éåæ¹çšåŒãè§£ã)éåæ¹çšåŒãè§£ããŠéåãæ±ãããåççã«ã¯é©åãªåææ¡ä»¶ãäžããäžã§ãããè§£ãã°ãããäºéãªã®ã§åææ¡ä»¶ã¯åææå»tiã§ã®äœçœ® r â ( t = t i ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {r}}(t=t_{i})} ãšé床 d r â / d t ( t = t i ) {\\displaystyle d{\\vec {r}}/dt(t=t_{i})} ãå¿
èŠãç©ççã«ã¯ããæå»ã®äœçœ®ãšéåºŠãæ±ºãããšããã以éã®éåãå®å
šã«æ±ºãŸãããšãæå³ãã(ããŒã«ãæããå Žåãæããããã°ãããããŒã«ãæããé¢ããç¬éã®äœçœ®ãšé床ã§ãã®åŸã®ã³ãŒã¹ã決ãŸãããã§ãã)ã",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³åãã©ã䜿ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšã¯ãããäºéåŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã¯äºæ¬¡æ¹çšåŒã®ããã«äžè¬çãªè§£ã®å
¬åŒãããããã§ã¯ãªããããã©ãããåãå°ã
è€éã«ãªããšãè§£ãæ¢ç¥ã®é¢æ°ã®çµåãã§è¡šããªãããšãæ®éããããã©ãããããååŠã®åé¡ãšãªãã幞ã\"good news\"ããã:",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³åãã©ã䜿ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®å Žåãããä¿åéããã«ã®ã«ãªããä¿åéãšã¯äœçœ®ãšé床ããã圢ã§çµåããåŒã§ããã®å€ãéåã®åãããçµãããŸã§å€ããã¬äžå®å€ããšããã®ãåãããæ¡ä»¶ãæºããå Žåã«ååšãããããããããšéåã®èªç±åºŠãæžãã®ã§è§£ãããããªã(ä¿åéã®åæ°ãååãªãã2éã®æ¹çšåŒãäžéã«çŽããŠç©åã§è§£ãããšãå¯èœã«ãªã)ãããŸã倧ããªå¶éãšãªãã®ã§å®æ§çæ§è³ªãåããããããªãã代衚çãªä¿åéã®åè£ã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒãéåéãè§éåéã",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³åãã©ã䜿ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¹ãä¿åéãååšããªãéåããããã¯èªç±åºŠã«æ¯ã¹ä¿åéã®æ°ãå°ãªãéåã¯ãããŠãè€éã§ãè§£ãããšã宿§çæ§è³ªãæããããšãé£ããããã®ãããªéåã調ã¹ãã«ã¯èšç®æ©äžã®æ°å€èšç®ãªã©ãå¿
èŠãšãªããå®ã¯ãã®ãããªéåãç¬èªã®èå³ãšéèŠæ§ãæã€ããšãããã代衚çãªã®ã¯ã«ãªã¹çãªéåãšåŒã°ãããã®ã§ãå€ãã®ç ç©¶ããããŠããŠããã",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³åãã©ã䜿ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã®ãããªäºæ
ãããååŠã§ã¯ãŸãä¿åéã®ãããªåºæ¬çãªæŠå¿µãšå³å¯ã«è§£ããåºæ¬çãªéåãæ±ãããã®äžã§å€ãã®éåã«éããæ£ããçŽèгã身ã«ä»ãããåºæ¬çãªéåã«ã¯çå é床éåãæŸç©éåãåéåãæ¥åéåã忝åãªã©ããããå€ãã®çŸè±¡ããããã®éåããè€éåããããã®ãšããŠçè§£ã§ããããã®ç¯çããå€ããã«ãªã¹çãªéåã®ãããªãã®ã¯ãããã®åºç€ãåå身ã«ä»ããåŸã§ãããã°ç¹è«ãšããŠåãçµãã®ãããããŸãéåã®æ³åãããæ°åŠçã«æŽçããè§£æååŠãšãããããã®ããããããã¯ä¿åéã系統çã«æ±ããæ¹æ³ã座æšç³»ãæããæ¹æ³ãªã©åçš®ã®é«çŽãªæè¡ãæäŸããããã«éåååŠãªã©ããé²ãã ç©çã«é²ãã«ã¯å¿
èŠäžå¯æ¬ ãªã®ã§ããããæœè±¡çã§ãããã¥ããé¢ãããããã¯ãããçšåºŠçŽèгã身ã«ä»ããŠããåŠã¶ã®ãããã",
"title": "éåã®äžæ³åãã©ã䜿ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç©çã§ã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒãéåéãªã©ã®ä¿åéãéèŠãªåãããããååŠã«ãããŠãããã¯åæ§ã§ããããç¹ã«èªç±åºŠã®å°ããç³»ã§ã®éåãæ±ãå Žåã«ã¯ãä¿åéã®å©çšã«ããéåãã»ãšãã©æ±ºå®ãããŠããŸãã ãã£ãšãç°¡å(ã§ãããéèŠ)ãªäŸã¯çŽç·äžã®ç²åã®éåã§ããšãã«ã®ãŒãä¿åãããå Žåãç²åã®åº§æšãxãšãããããxã ãã«äŸåããåF(x)ãåãããšãããäŸãã°ã°ãã«ã€ãªãããç²åã§ã¯ãF(x)=âkxã«ãªãããã®ãšãéåæ¹çšåŒã¯",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããxã«ã€ããŠã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒãšã¿ãŠåææ¡ä»¶ ãt=tiã§(x,dx/dt)=(xi,vi)ãã§è§£ãã°ããããããäºéã ãšé¢åãªã®ã§ã䞡蟺ã«dx/dtãæããŠã¿ãããããš",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§åæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®ååŽã䜿ããšã巊蟺ã¯",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§F(x)ã®åå§é¢æ°ã f(x)ãšãããš(åå§é¢æ°ãšã¯df/dx=F(x)ãæºãã颿°f(x)ãäŸãã°f(x)=(k/2)xã¯F(x)=kxã®åå§é¢æ°ã§ããã)",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã®ã§",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "巊蟺ãå³èŸºäž¡æ¹ãšããã颿°ã®åŸ®åãªã®ã§ãå³èŸºã巊蟺ã«ç§»è¡ããŠãŸãšãããš",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã{}ã®äžèº«ã¯æéã«äŸåããªã宿°ãå³ã¡ä¿åéã«ãªããäžèº«ãè¶³ãç®ã§æžãããU(x):=âf(x)ãšãããš",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã以äžã®çµæããŸãšããããç©äœããã®äœçœ®ã ãã«äŸåããåF(x)ã ããåããŠçŽç·éåãããå Žåã«ãU(x) ã dU/dx=âF(x) ãæºãã颿°ãšããŠå®çŸ©ããããã«äœçœ®ãšé床ãåŒæ°ãšãã颿°E(x,dx/dt)ãæ¬¡ã§å®çŸ©ããã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããšãE ã®å€ã¯éåã®éãå€ãå€ãããªã宿°ã«ãªããã€ãŸãE(x,dx/dt)ã¯ä¿åéã§ãããããã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒãšåŒã°ããã ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®å€ã¯åææ¡ä»¶ã§æ±ºãŸããã€ãŸãt=tiã®æã®å€ãšåããªã®ã§ã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯äºã€ã®é
ã®åã«ãªã£ãŠãããæåã®é
(m/2)vã¯éåºŠã§æ±ºãŸãã®ã§éåãšãã«ã®ãŒã äºçªç®ã®é
Uã¯äœçœ®ã§æ±ºãŸãã®ã§äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãŸãã¯ããã³ã·ã£ã«ãšãã«ã®ãŒãšåŒã°ãããéåãšãã«ã®ãŒãšäœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯ãããããåå¥ã«èŠããšéåã®éå€åããã ããããããã®åã¯å€åããªãã宿°ã«ãªãã®ã§ããã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãã«ã®ãŒãä¿åããããšããäºå®ã ããããéåã®æ§åãããªãåããããšãã«ã®ãŒã®å€ãEiãšãããšãéåã®éãåžžã«",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ãæžãæãããš",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŸã£ãŠéåã§xãåãã®ã¯ E i ⥠U ( x ) {\\displaystyle E_{i}\\geq U(x)} ãæãç«ã€ç¯å²ã«éããããã€ãŸã暪軞ã«xã瞊軞ã«y=U(x)ã®ã°ã©ããæžããå Žåã æ°Žå¹³ç· y = E i {\\displaystyle y=E_{i}} ã®äžã«æ²ç· y = U ( x ) {\\displaystyle y=U(x)} ãããé åãéåã®ç¯å²ãšãªãããã®äºã€ã®ç·ãé¢ããŠããé åã»ã©éåã®é床ã¯éãã éåã®éãvãšxã®éã«ã¯",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ãè€å·ã®ã©ã¡ãããšããã¯åææ¡ä»¶ãšæå»ã§æ±ºãŸããäŸãã° v i > 0 {\\displaystyle v_{i}>0} ã®å Žåãvã¯é£ç¶ã«ããå€ãããªãã®ã§ãããªã笊åãå€ããããšã¯ããããã ãã°ããã¯v>0ã®ãŸãŸåãæ¹å(xå¢å ã®æ¹å)ã«åãã笊å·ãå€ããããã®ã¯v=0ãå³ã¡ y = E i {\\displaystyle y=E_{i}} ãš y = U ( x ) {\\displaystyle y=U(x)} 㮠亀ç¹ã倧éæã«ã¯äº€ç¹ã«éãããŸã§ã¯åãæ¹åã«åãã€ã¥ãã亀ç¹ã«éãããšäžç¬v=0ã«ãªããããããé床ã®ç¬Šå·ãå€ãã£ãŠéåãã«åãã äœãããã¯äº€ç¹ã§äº€ããè§åºŠã0ããã倧ããããšãåæãè§åºŠã0ãã€ãŸã y = E i {\\displaystyle y=E_{i}} ãš y = U ( x ) {\\displaystyle y=U(x)} ã æ¥ããå Žåã«ã¯ãã现ããè§£æãå¿
èŠã§ã亀ç¹ã«æ°žé ã«éããªãæãããããéãããšããã§éæ¢ããããšãããããã ãã®äº€ç¹åšå²ã®æ¯ãèãã調ã¹ãã«ã¯éåæ¹çšåŒã«æ»ãã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã®ããšãçŽèгçã«æããã«ã¯ãžã§ããã³ãŒã¹ã¿ãŒã®è»éã®ããã«äžäžããè»éã®äžã«ãããããŒã«ã®éåãã€ã¡ãŒãžããã°ããã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãã«ã®ãŒä¿ååããéåæ¹çšåŒã®è§£ãç©åã®åœ¢ã§åŸããããç°¡åã®ãããåææå»ã§ v i = d x / d t > 0 {\\displaystyle v_{i}=dx/dt>0} ãšããäžã®åŒã§å³èŸºãæ£ã®éã®éåãèãã(è² ã®å Žåãåæ§ã®èãæ¹ã§åãã)ã v = d x / d t {\\displaystyle v=dx/dt} ãå
¥ãããš d x / d t = 2 m ( E i â U ( x ) ) {\\displaystyle dx/dt={\\sqrt {{\\frac {2}{m}}(E_{i}-U(x))}}} å³èŸºã¯æ£ãªã®ã§xãštã®å¯Ÿå¿ã¯äžå¯Ÿäžãšãªããéã«tãxã®é¢æ°ãšã¿ãªããããããš d t / d x = 1 / ( 2 / m ) ( E i â U ( x ) ) {\\displaystyle dt/dx=1/{\\sqrt {(2/m)(E_{i}-U(x))}}} ãšãªãã®ã§ã䞡蟺ãxã§ç©åããŠåææ¡ä»¶(t=tiã§x=xi)ã䜿ããš",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "t = t i + m 2 â« x i x d x â² E i â U ( x â² ) {\\displaystyle t=t_{i}+{\\sqrt {\\frac {m}{2}}}\\int _{x_{i}}^{x}{\\frac {dx'}{\\sqrt {E_{i}-U(x')}}}}",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§äžè¬è§£ãåŸããããå F ( x ) {\\displaystyle F(x)} ãäžããããã°ãããããUãæ±ããäžã®å³èŸºã®ç©åãå®è¡ããå¿
èŠãªãx=h(t)ãšãã圢ã«çŽãã°éåãåŸããããç©åãé¢åãããšããæåã«x=h(t)ã§ã¯ãªãt=g(x)ãšãã圢ã«ãªãã®ãããŸãã¡ãšæãããç¥ããªãããããã§ãå³å¯è§£ãå®ç©åãšããéãã圢ã§åŸãããããšã¯å€§ããªæå³ããã€ã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®å³èŸºã®ç©åãåççã«ã§ããç¹ã«éèŠãªäŸã¯ãã°ãã«ã€ãªãããç©äœ( f ( x ) = â k x , U ( x ) = k x 2 / 2 {\\displaystyle f(x)=-kx,U(x)=kx^{2}/2} ãããäžã§è©³ããæ±ã)ããŸã倪éœã®åšãã®ææã®éåãåŸã§è¿°ã¹ãè§éåéä¿ååŽã䜿ããš1次å
ã®åé¡ã«éå
ã§ãã倪éœããã®è·é¢rãštã®é¢ä¿ãäžãšåã圢ã®ç©åã§è¡šããã(q,kã宿°ãšã㊠U ( r ) = q r 2 â k r {\\displaystyle U(r)={\\frac {q}{r^{2}}}-{\\frac {k}{r}}} ã第äžé
ãé å¿åãæ¬¡ãéåã衚ã)ããããéåžžã«å¹žããªããšã«ãç©åãåç颿°ã§è¡šãããšãã§ããã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããã«ãŒãããããã U ( x ) {\\displaystyle U(x)} ã®é¢æ°åœ¢ãå°ãè€éã«ãªã£ãã ãã§ç©åã¯é£ãããªããããã§ãåç¯ã®å®æ§çãªè§£æã¯ U ( x ) {\\displaystyle U(x)} ã®ã°ã©ããçšãã ãã§ã§ããããšã«æ³šæããŠã»ãããäŸãã°U(x)ãäžæ¬¡é¢æ°ã®ããã«å±±ãšè°·ãæã€ãããªå Žåã«ã¯éåãå±±ãè¶ããããããšãè°·ã«éã蟌ãããããŸãŸæ¯åããããéèŠãªãã€ã³ãã«ãªãããããã¯åææ¡ä»¶ã® E i {\\displaystyle E_{i}} ãå±±ããé«ããã©ãããèŠãã°åããã®ã§ããããŸã宿§çãªæ§è³ªãã°ã©ãã§èª¿ã¹ãŠããç©åã«åãçµãããšã§ãåŒããŸãšããæ¹éãèŠããŠããã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãšããŠã°ãã«ã€ãªããã質ç¹ã®éåãæ±ããããåã¯F(x)=-kxã§äžããããã®ã§ã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "U ( x ) = k 2 x 2 {\\displaystyle U(x)={\\frac {k}{2}}x^{2}}",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å Žåãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯0以äžã§ãã( E i = m v i 2 / 2 + k x i 2 / 2 ⥠0 {\\displaystyle E_{i}=mv_{i}^{2}/2+kx_{i}^{2}/2\\geq 0} )ãå³å¯è§£ã®å
¬åŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããš",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "t = t i + m 2 â« x i x d x â² E i â k 2 x â² 2 {\\displaystyle t=t_{i}+{\\sqrt {\\frac {m}{2}}}\\int _{x_{i}}^{x}{\\frac {dx'}{\\sqrt {E_{i}-{\\frac {k}{2}}x'^{2}}}}}",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšã¯æ°åŠã®åé¡ãšããŠç©åãèšç®ããã°ããã®ã§ã¯ããããèšç®ãç©ççãªèå¯ãå ããªããè¡ãããšã§ãããããã«ã§ããããŸãéåã®ã¹ã±ãŒã«ãç¹åŸŽã¥ããéãèããã宿§çãªè§£æããåããããã«ãéåã®ç¯å²ã¯ E i â k 2 x â² 2 ⥠0 {\\displaystyle E_{i}-{\\frac {k}{2}}x'^{2}\\geq 0} ãæºããé åãå³ã¡ â 2 E i / k †x †2 E i / k {\\displaystyle -{\\sqrt {2E_{i}/k}}\\leq x\\leq {\\sqrt {2E_{i}/k}}} ãã£ãŠ L := 2 E i / k {\\displaystyle L:={\\sqrt {2E_{i}/k}}} ãšãããšããã® L {\\displaystyle L} ãéåã®(é·ãã®)ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã«ãªãã座æšxããããã®Lã®äœåã(äœå²ã)ããšè¡šãã®ããããããã§",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "X = x / L {\\displaystyle X=x/L}",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããŠå
¬åŒã«ä»£å
¥ãæŽçãããšãäžçªé¢åãªç©åã®éšåããããã«ãªãã被ç©å颿°ããkã E i {\\displaystyle E_{i}} ãªã©ã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãåãé€ããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "t = t i + m 2 â« X i X L d X â² E i â k 2 ( 2 E i / k X â² ) 2 = t i + m 2 E i L â« X i X d X â² 1 â X â² 2 = t i + m 2 E i L ( sin â 1 X â sin â 1 X i ) {\\displaystyle t=t_{i}+{\\sqrt {\\frac {m}{2}}}\\int _{X_{i}}^{X}{\\frac {LdX'}{\\sqrt {E_{i}-{\\frac {k}{2}}({\\sqrt {2E_{i}/k}}X')^{2}}}}=t_{i}+{\\sqrt {\\frac {m}{2E_{i}}}}L\\int _{X_{i}}^{X}{\\frac {dX'}{\\sqrt {1-X'^{2}}}}=t_{i}+{\\sqrt {\\frac {m}{2E_{i}}}}L(\\sin ^{-1}X-\\sin ^{-1}X_{i})}",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŒã®äžã«çŸãã m 2 E i L {\\displaystyle {\\sqrt {\\frac {m}{2E_{i}}}}L} ãšããä¿æ°ã¯æéã®åäœãæã€ã®ã§ãæéã®ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã«ãªã£ãŠããã¯ããããã T 2 Ï {\\displaystyle {\\frac {T}{2\\pi }}} ãšãã( 2 Ï {\\displaystyle 2\\pi } ãå
¥ããã®ã¯ãsinã®åšæã 2 Ï {\\displaystyle 2\\pi } ã§ããããšãçšãã§)ããŸã sin â 1 X i {\\displaystyle \\sin ^{-1}X_{i}} ã Ï i {\\displaystyle \\phi _{i}} ãšæžã:",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "T 2 Ï := m 2 E i L = m 2 E i 2 E i / k = m k , Ï i := sin â 1 X i {\\displaystyle {\\frac {T}{2\\pi }}:={\\sqrt {\\frac {m}{2E_{i}}}}L={\\sqrt {\\frac {m}{2E_{i}}}}{\\sqrt {2E_{i}/k}}={\\sqrt {\\frac {m}{k}}},\\phi _{i}:=\\sin ^{-1}X_{i}}",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããš t = t i + T 2 Ï ( sin â 1 X â Ï i ) {\\displaystyle t=t_{i}+{\\frac {T}{2\\pi }}(\\sin ^{-1}X-\\phi _{i})} ãåŸããããããX=ã®åœ¢ã«çŽããš",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "X = sin ( 2 Ï t â t i T + Ï i ) {\\displaystyle X=\\sin(2\\pi {\\frac {t-t_{i}}{T}}+\\phi _{i})}",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããç°¡åãªåŒã«ãªããã€ãŸã質ç¹ã¯sinã®åœ¢ã®æ¯åãããã®ã§ãããããã«Xãxã«çŽããŠãŸãšãããš",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "x = L sin ( 2 Ï t â t i T + Ï i ) , T = 2 Ï m k , L := 2 E i k = m v i 2 + 2 k x i 2 k , Ï i := sin â 1 X i = sin â 1 x i L {\\displaystyle x=L\\sin(2\\pi {\\frac {t-t_{i}}{T}}+\\phi _{i}),T=2\\pi {\\sqrt {\\frac {m}{k}}},L:={\\sqrt {\\frac {2E_{i}}{k}}}={\\sqrt {\\frac {mv_{i}^{2}+2kx_{i}^{2}}{k}}},\\phi _{i}:=\\sin ^{-1}X_{i}=\\sin ^{-1}{\\frac {x_{i}}{L}}}",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åŒã¯æ¯åçãªéåã®åºæ¬ã§ãããæ¯å¹
L {\\displaystyle L} ãåšæ T {\\displaystyle T} ãåæäœçž Ï i {\\displaystyle \\phi _{i}} ã®åæ¯åãšåŒã°ããã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãåºç€ã«ããå
¬åŒã¯å
ã®ãã®(è€å·ãæã€)ã®+ã®æ¹ã®ãã®ã ããªã®ã§ãäžã®å°åºããåŸãããåŒã¯è«ççã«ã¯dx/dt>0ã®ç¯å²ã§ããä¿èšŒãããªãããããçµæçã«ã¯ãããããããšã«ãã®å¶çŽããšã£ã±ãã£ãé åã§ãè§£ã«ãªã£ãŠããããã®ããšãææ©ã確ãããã«ã¯äžã®è§£ãéåæ¹çšåŒ d 2 x / d t 2 = â k x {\\displaystyle d^{2}x/dt^{2}=-kx} ã«ä»£å
¥ããä»»æã®tã§ æ¹çšåŒãæãç«ã£ãŠããããšã確èªããã°ããããŸãåææ¡ä»¶ã«çŽæ¥çµã³ä»ããã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«å æ³å®çã䜿ãsinãå±éããã»ãããããããã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "x = L cos Ï i sin ( 2 Ï t â t i T ) + L sin Ï i cos ( 2 Ï t â t i T ) , v = d x d t = 2 Ï L T cos Ï i cos ( 2 Ï t â t i T i ) â 2 Ï L T sin Ï i sin ( 2 Ï t â t i T i ) {\\displaystyle x=L\\cos \\phi _{i}\\sin(2\\pi {\\frac {t-t_{i}}{T}})+L\\sin \\phi _{i}\\cos(2\\pi {\\frac {t-t_{i}}{T}}),v={\\frac {dx}{dt}}=2\\pi {\\frac {L}{T}}\\cos \\phi _{i}\\cos(2\\pi {\\frac {t-t_{i}}{T}}i)-2\\pi {\\frac {L}{T}}\\sin \\phi _{i}\\sin(2\\pi {\\frac {t-t_{i}}{T}}i)}",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ t = t i {\\displaystyle t=t_{i}} ã§ã®åææ¡ä»¶ x = x i , v = v i {\\displaystyle x=x_{i},v=v_{i}} ã䜿ã£ãŠäžã«åºãŠãã L , Ï i {\\displaystyle L,\\phi _{i}} ã®çµåãã衚ããäžã®åŒã« t = t i {\\displaystyle t=t_{i}} ã代å
¥ãããš",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "x i = L sin Ï i , v i = 2 Ï L T cos Ï i {\\displaystyle x_{i}=L\\sin \\phi _{i},v_{i}=2\\pi {\\frac {L}{T}}\\cos \\phi _{i}}",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããã L sin Ï i = x i , L cos Ï i = v i T 2 Ï {\\displaystyle L\\sin \\phi _{i}=x_{i},L\\cos \\phi _{i}={\\frac {v_{i}T}{2\\pi }}} ãšãªãã®ã§ããããxã®åŒã«å
¥ãããš",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "x = v i T 2 Ï sin ( 2 Ï t â t i T ) + x i cos ( 2 Ï t â t i T ) {\\displaystyle x={\\frac {v_{i}T}{2\\pi }}\\sin(2\\pi {\\frac {t-t_{i}}{T}})+x_{i}\\cos(2\\pi {\\frac {t-t_{i}}{T}})}",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããæå®ããåæå€ããæ±ºãŸãéåã®åŒãšãªãããããŸã§ã§ã°ãã«ã€ãªããã質ç¹ã®éåã¯å®å
šã«è§£ãããããšèšã£ãŠããã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåéã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒéåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§å®çŸ©ãããããã§mã¯ç©äœã®è³ªéã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒéåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ç©äœã®é床ã§ããã ãã®ãšãéåæ¹çšåŒãçšãããšãç©äœã«åãåããŠããªããšãã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒéåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããç©äœã®æã€éåéããæéçã«ä¿åããããšãåããããããéåéä¿ååãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒéåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåéãä¿åããŠããç³»ã§ã¯ç³»ã«ã€ããŠç©äœã®é床ãå€ããã«äœçœ®ã ãããããããšãç©äœã®éåãå€åããªãããšãç¥ãããŠãããäŸãã°ãå
šãåãåããŠããªãç³»ã§ã¯äœçœ®ãå€åããããšããŠãç©äœã®éåã¯å€åãããç©äœã¯éæ¢ãç¶ãããããšããšéåããŠããæ¹åã«çéçŽç·éåãç¶ããããŸãããã1æ¹åã«ã ãäžæ§ãªåãåããŠããç³»ã§ã¯åãåããŠããæ¹åã«ã¯ç©äœã®éåéã¯ä¿åããªããããã以å€ã®æ¹åã«ã€ããŠã¯ç©äœã®éåæ¹çšåŒã¯ç©äœã«äœã®åãåããŠããªããšããšåäžã§ããã®ã§ããã¡ãã®æ¹åã®éåéã¯ä¿åãããããã¯ãã1æ¹åã«åãåããŠããæã«ããã以å€ã®æ¹åã®ç§»åã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ãã®ç©äœã®éåã¯å€åããªãããšãšå¯Ÿå¿ããŠãããç©äœãããæ¹åã«çŽç·çã«ç§»åããããšã䞊é²ãšåŒã³ã䞊é²ã«ãã£ãŠç©äœã®éåãå€åããªãããšãç³»ã®äžŠé²å¯Ÿç§°æ§ãšåŒã¶ãåŸã«è§£æååŠã§ããŒã¿ãŒã®å®çãšåŒã°ããå®çãåŠã¶ãããã®å®çã¯ç³»ã®å¯Ÿç§°æ§ã¯å¿
ããã®å¯Ÿç§°æ§ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããä¿åéãããããšã䞻匵ãããå®éç³»ã®äžŠé²å¯Ÿç§°æ§ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããä¿åéããŸãããéåéã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããããšãåŸã«ç€ºãããã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒéåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããç³»ã®éåéã¯ç©äœãæã€éåéã ãã§ãªãé»ç£å Žãªã©ãæã€éåéãååšãããç³»å
šäœã®éåéä¿åãèãããšãã«ã¯ç©äœã®å Žã®äž¡æ¹ãæã€éåéã®ä¿åãèããªããŠã¯ãªããªããããã¯ãé»ç£æ°åŠãé»ç£æ°åŠIIã§å°å
¥ãããã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒéåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è€æ°ã®ç©äœã«å¯ŸããŠåã
ã®éã«å
å(ããããã®ç©äœã®éã«åãåã®ããšã)ã ããååšããå€çããåãåããŠããªããšãç©äœã®éãŸããæã€å
šéåéã¯ä¿åãããå
šéåéãšã¯ç©äœç³»ã®ããããã®ç²åãæã€éåéãå
šãŠè¶³ãåããããã®ã§ãããããã¯ãããããã®ç©äœã®éåéã«ã€ããŠéåæ¹çšåŒãã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒéåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€äžã§ã( f i {\\displaystyle f_{i}} ã¯ããããã®ç©äœã«ãããå
åãæããiã¯intrinsicã®ç¥ã) ããããã®ç©äœã«ã€ããŠã®éåæ¹çšåŒãå
šãŠè¶³ãåããããšã 巊蟺ã«ã€ããŠã¯",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒéåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(Pã¯å
šéåé)ãæãç«ã¡ã å³èŸºã«ã€ããŠã¯ããããã®åã¯0ãšãªãã ããã¯äœçšåäœçšã®æ³åãããç©äœã«ãããåã¯ãããã倧ãããåãã§å察æ¹åããããŠãã察å¿ããåãæã£ãŠãããç©äœç³»å
šäœã«ã€ããŠè¶³ãåããããšãã«ããããã®å¯äžãæã¡æ¶ããããçµæãšããŠåã0ã«çãããªãããã§ããã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒéåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã質ç¹ã«å¯Ÿã㊠ãã1ç¹ãåãããã®äžç¹ããã®ãã¯ãã«ã r â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {r}}} ãšãã ãã®è³ªç¹ãæã€éåéã p â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {p}}} ãšãããšãã L â = r â à p â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {L}}={\\vec {r}}\\times {\\vec {p}}} ãè§éåéãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒè§éåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç©äœãäžå¿å以å€ã®åãåããªããšããè§éåéã¯æéçã«ä¿åããã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒè§éåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(å°åº) â â t L â = â â t r â à p â + r â à â â t p â {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\partial {}}{\\partial t}}{\\vec {L}}={\\frac {\\partial {}}{\\partial t}}{\\vec {r}}\\times {\\vec {p}}+{\\vec {r}}\\times {\\frac {\\partial {}}{\\partial t}}{\\vec {p}}} = 1 m p â à p â + r â à f ( r ) r â {\\displaystyle ={\\frac {1}{m}}{\\vec {p}}\\times {\\vec {p}}+{\\vec {r}}\\times f(r){\\vec {r}}} = 0 {\\displaystyle =0} ( a â à a â = 0 {\\displaystyle {\\vec {a}}\\times {\\vec {a}}=0} ãçšããã)",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒè§éåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã軞ãäžå¿ãšããè§éåéãä¿åããç³»ã§ã¯ãäžè¬ã«ãã®è»žã«å¯Ÿããå転ã«é¢ããŠç³»ã®ç¶æ
ã¯å€åããªããäŸãã°ã倪éœã®ãŸããã®å°çã®éåãå®å
šãªåéåã§ãã£ããšãããšãããã®éåã¯å°çãå«ãŸããå¹³é¢ã«çŽäº€ããŠå€ªéœãééãã軞ãäžå¿ãšããå転ã«ã€ããŠäžå€ã§ãããããã¯ã倪éœããå°çã«ãããåŒåããå°çãšå€ªéœã®è·é¢ã®ã¿ã«ãã£ãŠãããäžã§è¿°ã¹ããããªè»žãäžå¿ãšããå転ã§ã¯å°çãšå€ªéœã®è·é¢ã¯å€åããªãããã§ããããã®ããšã¯ç³»ã®äžã«å転察称æ§ãããããšã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠãããè§£æååŠã§è¿°ã¹ãããããŒã¿ãŒã®å®çãçšãããšããã®ç³»ã¯å転察称æ§ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããä¿åéãæã€ããšãåãããå®éã«ã¯ãã®ä¿åéãæ£ã«è§éåéã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒè§éåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒè§éåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¹³é¢äžãååŸrã®åäžãè§é床 Ï {\\displaystyle \\omega } ã§éåããŠããç©äœããããšããã ãã®ãšãããã®ç©äœãåã®äžå¿ã«å¯ŸããŠæã€è§éåéãå®çŸ©ã«ãããã£ãŠæ±ããã ãã ããç©äœã®è³ªéã¯mã§ãããšããã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒè§éåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãšãç©äœã®åº§æšã¯æéã®åç¹ãé©åœã«éžã¶ããšã§ã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒè§éåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããããã ããç©äœãéåããå¹³é¢ãxyå¹³é¢ãšããããã®ãšããç©äœã® é床ã¯",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒè§éåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããããã£ãŠãç©äœã®æã€è§éåé L {\\displaystyle L} ã¯",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒè§éåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããããã¯ãè§é床ã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒè§éåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®é¢ä¿ãçšããŠéãã§æžãçŽããš",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒè§éåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããããã¯ç©äœã®äœçœ®ãšç©äœã®é床ãçŽäº€ããŠããããšãããã®2ã€ã®ãã¯ãã«ã®å€§ããã¯2ã€ã®ãã¯ãã«ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ã«çãããªãã®ã§ããã ãŸããç©äœã®äœçœ®ãšé床ãå«ããã¯ãã«ã¯xyå¹³é¢ã«å«ãŸããã®ã§ããã2ã€ã«çŽäº€ãããã¯ãã«ã§ããè§éåéãã¯ãã«ã¯å¿
ãxyå¹³é¢ã«çŽäº€ããããã®ããããã®ãã¯ãã«ã¯zæ¹åãåãã®ã§ããã",
"title": "éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒè§éåé"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã¯å®¹æã«å°ãããã以äžã§ã¯ãã®æ°åŠçæŒç®(æ°åŠIIãŸãã¯æ°åŠIIIã®åæ©çšåºŠ)ã詳ããè¿°ã¹ãã",
"title": "çå é床çŽç·éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŸç©éåã¯çé床éåãšçå é床éåãåæãããã®ãšèããããšãã§ããã",
"title": "æŸç©éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åé床 v 0 {\\displaystyle v_{0}}",
"title": "æŸç©éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åéåºŠã®æ°Žå¹³æå v x = v 0 cos Ξ {\\displaystyle v_{x}=v_{0}\\cos \\theta }",
"title": "æŸç©éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åé床ã®éçŽæå v y = v 0 sin Ξ {\\displaystyle v_{y}=v_{0}\\sin \\theta }",
"title": "æŸç©éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æé«ç¹ã«å°éãããŸã§ã®æé T = v sin Ξ g {\\displaystyle T={\\frac {v\\sin \\theta }{g}}}",
"title": "æŸç©éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æé«ç¹ã®é«ã",
"title": "æŸç©éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžãäžã蚌æããã",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åŒã§ã (äžã§ãã m a r = f r {\\displaystyle ma_{r}=f_{r}} ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã)",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããšã r Ì {\\displaystyle {\\ddot {r}}} ãããŸãã§",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åãåããŠéåããŠããããã«èŠããããšãåãã äžåŒã®ç¬¬1é
ãé å¿åãšåŒã¶ãé å¿åã«ã€ããŠã¯çžå¯Ÿéåã® ãšããã§ãã詳ããæ±ãããŸãã第2é
ã¯éåã衚ããåã§ããã",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãé¢ç©é床ãhãšãããšã",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®é¢ä¿ããäžã®åã¯",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããã®åã¯rã ãã倿°ãšããŠã¿ããšãã«ãã®ç©äœã«ãããå®å¹çãªåãš èããããšãåºæ¥ããä»®ã«ãã®åãããã³ã·ã£ã«ãçšããŠè§£æãããšãããš ãã®ç©äœã®éåãã©ã®ãããªç¯å²ã§è¡ãªãããããç¥ãããšãåºæ¥ãã äŸãã°ã忝åã«ãããŠã¯ããã³ã·ã£ã«ã¯æ¯å¹
ã倧ãããªããšããç¡é㫠倧ãããªãã®ã§éåã¯ç¡éã«å€§ãããªãããšã¯åºæ¥ãªãããã®æ§ãªææ³ãçšã㊠ãã®éåãè§£æããã®ã§ããããã1次å
ã®éåã§ã¯ããåf(x)ãäžãããããšã ãã®äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒU(x)ã¯",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžãããããããã§ã x 0 {\\displaystyle x_{0}} ã¯èªç±ã«éžãã§ãã宿°ã§ããããå®éã«ã¯å€ãã®å Žåã« æ
£çšçãªå€ã決ãŸã£ãŠããéã§ãããäœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®äŸãšããŠãxæ¹åã«äžæ§ãªå-fã åãããšãã®ãã®åã«å¯Ÿããäœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãèšç®ãããå®éã«åŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããš",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãäžããããããã ãã x 0 = 0 {\\displaystyle x_{0}=0} ãšãããããã®äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯è³ªémãæã€ ç©äœã«äžæ§ãªéåãããããšãã®äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®å Žåã«ã€ããŠãäœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãèšç®ããããšãåºæ¥ãã å®éã«èšç®ãããš",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãš",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åã§æžããã颿°ãšãªãããã®é¢æ°ã¯å
žåçã«å³ã®ãããªåœ¢ãããŠããã",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§æšªè»žã¯åéåã®äžå¿ããã®è·é¢ã§ããã瞊軞ã¯ç©äœã®äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã§ããã ããç©äœã¯éåã®éåžžã«çãããšãã«ã®ãŒãæã£ãŠããã®ã§ããã®å³åœ¢äžã§ã¯ åžžã«çãããšãã«ã®ãŒãæã£ãŠå·Šå³ã«ç§»åããããããŠãããã³ã·ã£ã«ãšãã«ã®ãŒã® å³åœ¢ã«è¡çªãããšãã以äžã«é²ãããšãåºæ¥ãªããªãã¯ãããããããã¯ã ãããšãã«ã®ãŒãæã£ãç©äœã¯èªèº«ãæã£ãŠãããšãã«ã®ãŒãããé«ãäœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒ ããã€ç¹ã«ã¯å
¥ã蟌ããªãããšã«ãã£ãŠãããããã§ãäžã®å³åœ¢ã®äžã§ ãšãã«ã®ãŒçã«èš±ãããéåããšãã«ã®ãŒãäœãé ã«èŠãŠããã ãã ããé¢ç©é床ã0ã«çãããšãã«ã¯äžã§æžããå³ãšã¯ç°ãªã£ãå³åœ¢ã è§£æã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªãã",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å Žåãè§£æã¯éåžžã«åçŽã§ãããç©äœã¯å¿
ãäžå¿ã®ç©äœã®éåã«åŒãã€ããã㊠æçµçã«ã¯äžå¿ã®ç©äœãšè¡çªããã",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
ã®å³åœ¢ã«æ»ããšã å³åœ¢äžã§äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãæãäœãç¹ã¯çªªã¿ç¶ã«ãªã£ãŠããããã®ç¹ã®é«ãããã æŽã«äœãå
šãšãã«ã®ãŒãæã£ãç©äœã¯ååšãåŸãªããããã¯å
šãšãã«ã®ãŒã éåãšãã«ã®ãŒãšäœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®åã§ããéåãšãã«ã®ãŒãæ£ã§ããããšãã å
šãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯å¿
ãäžããããç¹ã§ã®äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒããã倧ãããªã£ãŠããªããŠã¯ ãªããªãããã§ãããæãäœã窪ã¿ã«ãããšãã«ã®ãŒãšçãããšãã«ã®ãŒã æã£ãŠããç©äœã¯äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã«æãŸããŠå³åœ¢äžã§åãããšãåºæ¥ãªãããã åžžã«çããååŸæ¹åæåãæã£ãŠéåããããã®éåã¯ãŸãã«åéåã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããã äžæ¹ã窪ã¿ãšãšãã«ã®ãŒ0ã®ç·ã®éã«äœçœ®ãããšãã«ã®ãŒãæã€ç©äœã¯ååŸæ¹åã® æåãå€åãããªããããäžå¿ã®ç©äœããã¯ãªããããšç¡ãããã®ãŸããã äœããã®ä»æ¹ã§å転ããããšãäºæ³ããããåŸã«åããã®ã ããããã¯ãŸãã« äžå¿ã®ãŸãããæ¥åéåããããšã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããããã¯ãå°çãå«ãå
šãŠã®ææã 倪éœã®ãŸãããéåããè»éã衚ããæ
åµã§ãããææã®æ§è³ªãæ±ãäžã§ éåžžã«éèŠãªéåã§ããã æŽã«ããšãã«ã®ãŒ0ããã倧ããå
šãšãã«ã®ãŒãæã€ç©äœã¯ãrã0ã«è¿ã¥ãæ¹åã§ã¯ äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãç¡é倧ãŸã§ååšãããããr=0ãšãªãããšã¯åºæ¥ããé©åœãª äœçœ®ã§ã¯ããããããããã",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãæ¹åã«ã¯äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®å£ãååšããªããããã®ç©äœã¯ç¡éé ãŸã§ é£ãã§ãã£ãŠããŸãããšãåããããããåŸã«åããããšã ããã®ç©äœã¯ åæ²ç·è»éãæãããšãç¥ãããŠãããäŸãã°ã倪éœç³»å€ãã倩äœã飿¥ããŠæ¥ãŠ å€ªéœã®éåã§è»éãæ²ããããŠãã®ãŸãŸé£ã³å»ã£ãŠè¡ããšãã«ã¯ãã®ç©äœã® è»éã¯åæ²ç·ãæãã®ã§ããããŸãããšãã«ã®ãŒ0ã®ãšãã§ã",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãæ¹åã§ã®äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®å£ãååšããªããããç¡éé ãŸã§é£ãã§è¡ãããšã ãããããã®è»éã¯æŸç©ç·ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããšãåŸã«åããã",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãšããŠãr = a = const. ãšããæ
åµã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ãã ãã®ãšãã é¢ç©é床ãäžå®ã§ããããšãã",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåãã ãã®ãšã åŒ",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãè§£ããšã",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããåéåã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºããè§£ãååšããããšãåãã ãŸããäžã®åŒã¯ãã©ã®ãããªaã«å¯ŸããŠãããäžå®ã® Ï {\\displaystyle \\omega } ã察å¿ããããšã瀺ããŠããã ããã¯æ£ã«äžã§ãããåéåã®å Žåã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããã",
"title": "åéå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã忝åã®äŸã瀺ãã",
"title": "忝å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åã«ã¯æ§ã
ãªçš®é¡ãååšããããé éå(å Žã®å)ãšçŽæ¥åãåã®2ã€ã«å€§ããåããããã",
"title": "å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹ã«åäœã«å¯ŸããŠè§éåéãèãããšããæ
£æ§ã¢ãŒã¡ã³ããšããéãå®çŸ©ãããšéœåããããæ
£æ§ã¢ãŒã¡ã³ãã¯æ°åŠçã«ã¯2éã®ãã³ãœã«ã§ããããã¯ãã«ã«ããã£ããšãã«ãã¯ãã«ãåŸããšããåããæã€ãç¹ã«ãã®éã«ã€ããŠã¯ L â = I â Ï â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {L}}={\\vec {I}}{\\vec {\\omega }}} ãŸãã¯ã L i = I i j Ï j {\\displaystyle L_{i}=I_{ij}\\omega _{j}} ãæãç«ã€ã ããã§ãLã¯è§éåéãIã¯æ
£æ§ã¢ãŒã¡ã³ãã Ï {\\displaystyle \\omega } ã¯ãè§é床ã§ããã",
"title": "åäœã®éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åäœã質ç¹ãå¯ã«çµåãããã®ãšèãããšã è§éåéã¯ããããã®è³ªç¹ã®åã§äžããããã ããå転軞ãåã£ãŠãã®åãã®è§éåéãèãããšã L = â m i r i 2 Ï {\\displaystyle L=\\sum m_{i}r_{i}^{2}\\omega } ( r i {\\displaystyle r_{i}} ã¯è³ªç¹iã®å転軞ããã®è·é¢ã m i {\\displaystyle m_{i}} ã¯ã質ç¹iã®è³ªéã) (å
šãŠã®è³ªç¹ã¯å¯ã«çµåããŠããã®ã§ãããããåäžã®è§é床ãæã€ããšã«æ³šæã (å°åº?)) ç¹ã«ãx軞ãy軞ãz軞æ¹åã«ã€ããŠèãããšãã®å€ã¯ I k l = â i m i ( x i k x i l â ÎŽ k l r i 2 ) {\\displaystyle I_{kl}=\\sum _{i}m_{i}(x_{ik}x_{il}-\\delta _{kl}r_{i}^{2})} ãåŸãããã ããã¯ãã³ãœã«ã®åœ¢ãããŠããã®ã§ããããæ£ããæ
£æ§ã¢ãŒã¡ã³ãã®è¡šåŒã§ ããããšãåãã",
"title": "åäœã®éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èšç®äŸ1",
"title": "åäœã®éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããå¹³é¢äžã®å(é¢å¯åºŠ Ï {\\displaystyle \\sigma } ,ååŸa)ã«ã€ããŠæ
£æ§ã¢ãŒã¡ã³ããèšç®ããã åç¹ãåã®äžå¿ãz軞ãåã«åçŽãªæ¹åã«åããš I z = â« S Ï ( x 2 + y 2 ) d x d y {\\displaystyle I_{z}=\\int _{S}\\sigma (x^{2}+y^{2})dxdy}",
"title": "åäœã®éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( â« S {\\displaystyle \\int _{S}} ã¯åã®é¢ç©å
šäœã§ã®é¢ç©åã衚ããã ) = Ï â« 0 a r d r â« 0 2 Ï d Ï r 2 {\\displaystyle =\\sigma \\int _{0}^{a}rdr\\int _{0}^{2\\pi }d\\phi r^{2}}",
"title": "åäœã®éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(zè»žã®æ¹åãä¿ã£ãŠåæ±åº§æšãåãã) = Ï 2 Ï â« 0 a r 3 d r {\\displaystyle =\\sigma 2\\pi \\int _{0}^{a}r^{3}dr} = Ï Ï 2 a 4 {\\displaystyle =\\sigma {\\frac {\\pi }{2}}a^{4}} ãšãªãã ( Ï {\\displaystyle \\sigma } ã¯ã Ï a 2 {\\displaystyle \\sigma a^{2}} ã§è³ªéãšãªãããšããããã®çµæãæ£ããæ¬¡å
ãæã£ãŠããããšããããã)",
"title": "åäœã®éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«ã y軞æ¹åã®å転ã«å¯Ÿããæ
£æ§ã¢ãŒã¡ã³ããèšç®ããã ãã®ãšãã«ã¯ã I y = 4 â« 0 a x 2 a 2 â x 2 Ï d x {\\displaystyle I_{y}=4\\int _{0}^{a}x^{2}{\\sqrt {a^{2}-x^{2}}}\\sigma dx} (1/4 åã«ã€ããŠèšç®ããŠããã4åããã)",
"title": "åäœã®éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"tag": "p",
"text": "= 4 a 4 Ï â« 0 1 u 2 1 â u 2 d u {\\displaystyle =4a^{4}\\sigma \\int _{0}^{1}u^{2}{\\sqrt {1-u^{2}}}du} (u = x/a ãšçœ®ãæãããç©åå
ã®æ°å€ã¯ç¡æ¬¡å
ã§ããããšã«æ³šæã)",
"title": "åäœã®éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"tag": "p",
"text": "= 4 a 4 Ï â« 0 Ï / 2 sin 2 t cos t cos t d t {\\displaystyle =4a^{4}\\sigma \\int _{0}^{\\pi /2}\\sin ^{2}t\\cos t\\cos tdt} ( u = sin t {\\displaystyle u=\\sin t} ãšçœ®ãæããã )",
"title": "åäœã®éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®èšç®ãè¡ãªããšã ç©åã®å€ã Ï / 16 {\\displaystyle \\pi /16} ã§äžããããããšãåãã ãã£ãŠ I y = Ï 4 Ï a 4 {\\displaystyle I_{y}={\\frac {\\pi }{4}}\\sigma a^{4}} ãšãªãã ããã§å転ã«å¯Ÿãã察称æ§ãã I x = I y = Ï 4 Ï a 4 {\\displaystyle I_{x}=I_{y}={\\frac {\\pi }{4}}\\sigma a^{4}} ãšãªãããšã«æ³šæã ããã§ã I z = I x + I y {\\displaystyle I_{z}=I_{x}+I_{y}} ãšãªã£ãŠãããããã®çåŒã¯åã¿ããªãåäœã«å¯Ÿã㊠äžè¬ã«æãç«ã€ã",
"title": "åäœã®éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(å°åº)",
"title": "åäœã®éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"tag": "p",
"text": "I z = â i m i ( x i 2 + y i 2 ) {\\displaystyle I_{z}=\\sum _{i}m_{i}(x_{i}^{2}+y_{i}^{2})} , I x = â i m i ( y i 2 + z i 2 ) {\\displaystyle I_{x}=\\sum _{i}m_{i}(y_{i}^{2}+z_{i}^{2})} , I y = â i m i ( z i 2 + x i 2 ) {\\displaystyle I_{y}=\\sum _{i}m_{i}(z_{i}^{2}+x_{i}^{2})} ã§ããããåã¿ããªãç©äœã«å¯ŸããŠåã¿ããªãé¢ãšåçŽãªæ¹åã« z軞ãåããšã I x {\\displaystyle I_{x}} , I y {\\displaystyle I_{y}} ã«ã€ã㊠I x = â i m i y i 2 {\\displaystyle I_{x}=\\sum _{i}m_{i}y_{i}^{2}} , I y = â i m i x i 2 {\\displaystyle I_{y}=\\sum _{i}m_{i}x_{i}^{2}} ãæãç«ã€ã(åã¿ããªãã®ã§ z i = 0 {\\displaystyle z_{i}=0} ãšãªãã)ãã®ããšãã I z = I x + I y {\\displaystyle I_{z}=I_{x}+I_{y}} ãåŸãããã",
"title": "åäœã®éå"
}
] | null | {{Pathnav|ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãž|èªç¶ç§åŠ|ç©çåŠ|frame=1|small=1}}
{{wikipedia}}
{{wikiversity|Topic:å€å
žååŠ|å€å
žååŠ}}
{{stub}}
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!| ç©çé || èšå· || ç©çé || èšå·
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|| äœçœ® || <math>x, r, q</math>
|| é·ã || <math>L, l, \lambda</math>
|-
|| é¢ç© || <math>S, A</math>
|| äœç© || <math>V, \Omega</math>
|-
|| ååŸ || <math>r, R, a</math>
|| è§åºŠ || <math>\theta, \phi, \psi, \alpha, \beta</math>
|-
|| è§é床 || <math>\omega</math>
|| æå»ããã³æé || <math>t, \tau</math>
|-
|| é床 || <math>v, V, u</math>
|| å é床 || <math>a, \alpha</math>
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|| èºåºŠ || <math>j</math>
|| 質é || <math>m, M, \mu</math>
|-
|| å¯åºŠ || <math>\rho, \sigma</math>
|| å || <math>F, f</math>
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|| éåé || <math>p, \pi</math>
|| åç© || <math>I</math>
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<math>x=L\cos\phi_i\sin(2\pi\frac{t-t_i}{T})+L\sin\phi_i\cos(2\pi\frac{t-t_i}{T}), v=\frac{dx}{dt}=2\pi\frac{L}{T}\cos\phi_i\cos(2\pi\frac{t-t_i}{T}i)-2\pi\frac{L}{T}\sin\phi_i\sin(2\pi\frac{t-t_i}{T}i)</math>
ããã§<math>t=t_i</math>ã§ã®åææ¡ä»¶<math>x=x_i,v=v_i</math>ã䜿ã£ãŠäžã«åºãŠãã<math>L,\phi_i</math>ã®çµåãã衚ããäžã®åŒã«<math>t=t_i</math>ã代å
¥ãããš
<math>x_i=L\sin\phi_i,v_i=2\pi\frac{L}{T}\cos\phi_i</math>
ããããã<math>L\sin\phi_i=x_i, L\cos\phi_i=\frac{v_i T}{2\pi}</math>ãšãªãã®ã§ããããxã®åŒã«å
¥ãããš
<math>x=\frac{v_i T}{2\pi}\sin(2\pi\frac{t-t_i}{T})+x_i\cos(2\pi\frac{t-t_i}{T})</math>
ããããæå®ããåæå€ããæ±ºãŸãéåã®åŒãšãªãããããŸã§ã§ã°ãã«ã€ãªããã質ç¹ã®éåã¯å®å
šã«è§£ãããããšèšã£ãŠããã
== éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒéåé ==
éåéã
:<math>
\vec p = m \vec v
</math>
ã§å®çŸ©ãããããã§mã¯ç©äœã®è³ªéã
:<math>
\vec v
</math>
ã¯ç©äœã®é床ã§ããã
ãã®ãšãéåæ¹çšåŒãçšãããšãç©äœã«åãåããŠããªããšãã
:<math>
\frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{t}} \vec p = m \frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{t}} \vec v = 0
</math>
ãšãªããç©äœã®æã€éåéããæéçã«ä¿åããããšãåããããããéåéä¿ååãšåŒã¶ã
éåéãä¿åããŠããç³»ã§ã¯ç³»ã«ã€ããŠç©äœã®é床ãå€ããã«äœçœ®ã ãããããããšãç©äœã®éåãå€åããªãããšãç¥ãããŠãããäŸãã°ãå
šãåãåããŠããªãç³»ã§ã¯äœçœ®ãå€åããããšããŠãç©äœã®éåã¯å€åãããç©äœã¯éæ¢ãç¶ãããããšããšéåããŠããæ¹åã«çéçŽç·éåãç¶ããããŸãããã1æ¹åã«ã ãäžæ§ãªåãåããŠããç³»ã§ã¯åãåããŠããæ¹åã«ã¯ç©äœã®éåéã¯ä¿åããªããããã以å€ã®æ¹åã«ã€ããŠã¯ç©äœã®éåæ¹çšåŒã¯ç©äœã«äœã®åãåããŠããªããšããšåäžã§ããã®ã§ããã¡ãã®æ¹åã®éåéã¯ä¿åãããããã¯ãã1æ¹åã«åãåããŠããæã«ããã以å€ã®æ¹åã®ç§»åã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ãã®ç©äœã®éåã¯å€åããªãããšãšå¯Ÿå¿ããŠãããç©äœãããæ¹åã«çŽç·çã«ç§»åããããšã䞊é²ãšåŒã³ã䞊é²ã«ãã£ãŠç©äœã®éåãå€åããªãããšãç³»ã®äžŠé²å¯Ÿç§°æ§ãšåŒã¶ãåŸã«[[è§£æååŠ]]ã§ããŒã¿ãŒã®å®çãšåŒã°ããå®çãåŠã¶ãããã®å®çã¯ç³»ã®å¯Ÿç§°æ§ã¯å¿
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ãŸããç³»ã®éåéã¯ç©äœãæã€éåéã ãã§ãªãé»ç£å Žãªã©ãæã€éåéãååšãããç³»å
šäœã®éåéä¿åãèãããšãã«ã¯ç©äœã®å Žã®äž¡æ¹ãæã€éåéã®ä¿åãèããªããŠã¯ãªããªããããã¯ã[[é»ç£æ°åŠ]]ã[[é»ç£æ°åŠII]]ã§å°å
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è€æ°ã®ç©äœã«å¯ŸããŠåã
ã®éã«å
åïŒããããã®ç©äœã®éã«åãåã®ããšãïŒã ããååšããå€çããåãåããŠããªããšãç©äœã®éãŸããæã€å
šéåéã¯ä¿åãããå
šéåéãšã¯ç©äœç³»ã®ããããã®ç²åãæã€éåéãå
šãŠè¶³ãåããããã®ã§ãããããã¯ãããããã®ç©äœã®éåéã«ã€ããŠéåæ¹çšåŒãã
:<math>
\frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{t}} p = f _i
</math>
ãæãç«ã€äžã§ãïŒ<math>f_i</math>ã¯ããããã®ç©äœã«ãããå
åãæããiã¯intrinsicã®ç¥ãïŒ
ããããã®ç©äœã«ã€ããŠã®éåæ¹çšåŒãå
šãŠè¶³ãåããããšã
巊蟺ã«ã€ããŠã¯
:<math>
\frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{t}} P
</math>
ïŒPã¯å
šéåéïŒãæãç«ã¡ã
å³èŸºã«ã€ããŠã¯ããããã®åã¯0ãšãªãã
ããã¯äœçšåäœçšã®æ³åãããç©äœã«ãããåã¯ãããã倧ãããåãã§å察æ¹åããããŠãã察å¿ããåãæã£ãŠãããç©äœç³»å
šäœã«ã€ããŠè¶³ãåããããšãã«ããããã®å¯äžãæã¡æ¶ããããçµæãšããŠåã0ã«çãããªãããã§ããã
== éåã®ä¿åéã®äŸïŒè§éåé ==
ãã質ç¹ã«å¯ŸããŠ
ãã1ç¹ãåãããã®äžç¹ããã®ãã¯ãã«ã<math>\vec r</math>ãšãã
ãã®è³ªç¹ãæã€éåéã<math>\vec p</math>ãšãããšãã
<math>
\vec L = \vec r \times \vec p
</math>
ãè§éåéãšåŒã¶ã
ç©äœãäžå¿å以å€ã®åãåããªããšããè§éåéã¯æéçã«ä¿åããã
(å°åº)
<math>
\frac {\partial {}}{\partial t } \vec L = \frac {\partial {}}{\partial t } \vec r \times \vec p + \vec r \times \frac {\partial {}}{\partial t }\vec p
</math>
<math>
= \frac 1 m \vec p \times \vec p + \vec r \times f(r) \vec r
</math>
<math>
= 0
</math>
(
<math>
\vec a \times \vec a = 0
</math>
ãçšããã)
ãã軞ãäžå¿ãšããè§éåéãä¿åããç³»ã§ã¯ãäžè¬ã«ãã®è»žã«å¯Ÿããå転ã«é¢ããŠç³»ã®ç¶æ
ã¯å€åããªããäŸãã°ã倪éœã®ãŸããã®å°çã®éåãå®å
šãªåéåã§ãã£ããšãããšãããã®éåã¯å°çãå«ãŸããå¹³é¢ã«çŽäº€ããŠå€ªéœãééãã軞ãäžå¿ãšããå転ã«ã€ããŠäžå€ã§ãããããã¯ã倪éœããå°çã«ãããåŒåããå°çãšå€ªéœã®è·é¢ã®ã¿ã«ãã£ãŠãããäžã§è¿°ã¹ããããªè»žãäžå¿ãšããå転ã§ã¯å°çãšå€ªéœã®è·é¢ã¯å€åããªãããã§ããããã®ããšã¯ç³»ã®äžã«å転察称æ§ãããããšã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠãããè§£æååŠã§è¿°ã¹ãããããŒã¿ãŒã®å®çãçšãããšããã®ç³»ã¯å転察称æ§ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããä¿åéãæã€ããšãåãããå®éã«ã¯ãã®ä¿åéãæ£ã«è§éåéã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããã®ã§ããã
* åé¡äŸ
** åé¡
å¹³é¢äžãååŸrã®åäžãè§é床<math>\omega</math>ã§éåããŠããç©äœããããšããã
ãã®ãšãããã®ç©äœãåã®äžå¿ã«å¯ŸããŠæã€è§éåéãå®çŸ©ã«ãããã£ãŠæ±ããã
ãã ããç©äœã®è³ªéã¯mã§ãããšããã
* è§£ç
ãã®ãšãç©äœã®åº§æšã¯æéã®åç¹ãé©åœã«éžã¶ããšã§ã
:<math>
\vec r = (x,y) = r(\cos \omega t ,\sin \omega t ,0)
</math>
ãšãããããã ããç©äœãéåããå¹³é¢ãxyå¹³é¢ãšããããã®ãšããç©äœã®
é床ã¯
:<math>
\vec v = \dot {\vec r }
=r\omega ( -\sin \omega t ,\cos \omega t ,0)
</math>
ã§äžããããããã£ãŠãç©äœã®æã€è§éåé<math>L</math>ã¯
:<math>
\vec L = r(\cos \omega t ,\sin \omega t ,0) \times m r\omega ( -\sin \omega t ,\cos \omega t ,0)
</math>
:<math>
= m r^2 \omega (0, 0, \cos^2 \omega t + \sin ^2 \omega t)
</math>
:<math>
= m r ^2 \omega (0,0,1)
</math>
ãšãªãããããã¯ãè§é床ã
:<math>
|\vec v| = | \vec r| \omega
</math>
ã®é¢ä¿ãçšããŠéãã§æžãçŽããš
:<math>
= m r v (0,0,1) = r p (0,0,1)
</math>
ãåŸããããããã¯ç©äœã®äœçœ®ãšç©äœã®é床ãçŽäº€ããŠããããšãããã®2ã€ã®ãã¯ãã«ã®å€§ããã¯2ã€ã®ãã¯ãã«ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ã«çãããªãã®ã§ããã
ãŸããç©äœã®äœçœ®ãšé床ãå«ããã¯ãã«ã¯xyå¹³é¢ã«å«ãŸããã®ã§ããã2ã€ã«çŽäº€ãããã¯ãã«ã§ããè§éåéãã¯ãã«ã¯å¿
ãxyå¹³é¢ã«çŽäº€ããããã®ããããã®ãã¯ãã«ã¯zæ¹åãåãã®ã§ããã
== çå é床çŽç·éå ==
* '''éãã®å
¬åŒ''': <math>v=v_0+at</math>
* '''äœçœ®ã®å
¬åŒ''': <math>x=x_0+v_0t+\frac{1}{2}at^2</math>
* <math>v^2-{v_0}^2=2a(x-x_0)</math>
以äžã¯å®¹æã«å°ãããã以äžã§ã¯ãã®æ°åŠçæŒç®ïŒæ°åŠâ
¡ãŸãã¯æ°åŠâ
¢ã®åæ©çšåºŠïŒã詳ããè¿°ã¹ãã
* éåæ¹çšåŒ: <math>m\frac{d^2x}{dt^2}=f</math> (ãã ãã<math>\frac{d^2x}{dt^2}=a</math>âŠ(1))
* åŒ(1)ãæé<math>t</math>ã§ç©åããã°ã巊蟺ã¯<math>\int\frac{d^2x}{dt^2}dt=\frac{dx}{dt}</math>ã§ãããå³èŸºã¯<math>\int adt=at+C_0</math>(<math>C_0</math>ã¯ç©å宿°)ããã<math>\frac{dx}{dt}=at+C_0</math>ïŒããŸã<math>t=0</math>ã代å
¥ããã°<math>\frac{dx}{dt}|_{t=0}=C_0</math>ã§ããããã<math>C_0</math>ã¯<math>t=0</math>ã®ãšãã®é床ã§ãããåŸã£ãŠ<math>v=v_0+at</math>âŠ(2)ãå°ãããã
* åŒ(2)ãæé<math>t</math>ã§ç©åããã°ã巊蟺ã¯<math>\int\frac{dx}{dt}dt=x+C_1</math>ã§ãããå³èŸºã¯<math>\int (v_0+at)dt=v_0t+\frac{1}{2}at^2 + C_2</math>(<math>C_1, C_2</math>ã¯ç©å宿°)ããã<math>x=v_0t+\frac{1}{2}at^2 + C_2-C_1</math>ïŒããŸã<math>t=0</math>ã代å
¥ããã°<math>x_{t=0}=C_2-C_1</math>ã§ããããã<math>C_2-C_1</math>ã¯<math>t=0</math>ã®ãšãã®äœçœ®ã§ãããåŸã£ãŠ<math>x=v_0t+\frac{1}{2}at^2 + x_0</math>âŠ(3)ãå°ãããã
* åŒ(2)ã<math>t=\frac{v-v_0}{a}</math>ãšå€åœ¢ããåŒ(3)ã«ä»£å
¥ãããšã<math>x=v_0\frac{v-v_0}{a}+\frac{1}{2}a\frac{(v-v_0)^2}{a^2} + x_0</math>ïŒãã®åŒã«ãããŠã<math>x_0</math>ã巊蟺ã«ç§»é
ããå³èŸºãå±éãã䞡蟺ã«<math>2a</math>ãä¹ãããšã<math>2a(x-x_0)=v^2-{v_0}^2</math>ãåŸãã
== æŸç©éå ==
æŸç©éåã¯çé床éåãšçå é床éåãåæãããã®ãšèããããšãã§ããã
åé床<math>v_0</math>
åéåºŠã®æ°Žå¹³æå<math>v_x=v_0 \cos \theta</math>
åé床ã®éçŽæå<math>v_y=v_0 \sin \theta</math>
æé«ç¹ã«å°éãããŸã§ã®æé<math>T=\frac{v \sin \theta}{g}</math>
æé«ç¹ã®é«ã
== åéå ==
* '''éåæ¹çšåŒã®æ¥µåœ¢åŒè¡šç€º''': <math>ma_r=f_r, ma_\phi=f_\phi \left(a_r=\frac{d^2r}{dt^2}-r\frac{d\phi}{dt}^2, a_\phi=2\frac{dr}{dt}\frac{d\phi}{dt}+r\frac{d^2\phi}{dt^2}\right)</math>âŠ(A)
* '''åéåã®éåæ¹çšåŒ''': <math>mr\frac{d\phi}{dt}^2=-f_r, mr\frac{d^2\phi}{dt^2}=f_\phi</math>âŠ(B)
* '''çéåéåã®éåæ¹çšåŒ''': <math>mr\frac{d\phi}{dt}^2=-f_r</math> (<math>\phi</math>æåã¯0)âŠ(C)
以äžãäžã蚌æããã
** 蚌æ (A)ã®èšŒæ: <math>x=r\cos\phi, y=r\sin\phi</math>ã2éæé埮åãã<math>\frac{d^2x}{dt^2}=(\frac{d^2r}{dt^2}-r\frac{d\phi}{dt}^2)\cos\phi-(2\frac{dr}{dt}\frac{d\phi}{dt}+r\frac{d^2\phi}{dt^2})\sin\phi,\frac{d^2y}{dt^2}=(\frac{d^2r}{dt^2}-r\frac{d\phi}{dt}^2)\sin\phi+(2\frac{dr}{dt}\frac{d\phi}{dt}+r\frac{d^2\phi}{dt^2})\cos\phi</math>âŠ(1)ããŸãã<math>(f_x, f_y)</math>ãš<math>(f_r, f_\phi)</math>ã¯ã<math>f_x=f_r\cos\phi-f_\phi\sin\phi, f_y=f_r\sin\phi+f_\phi\cos\phi</math>âŠ(2)ã<math>(a_x, a_y)</math>ãš<math>(a_r, a_\phi)</math>ã¯ã<math>a_x=a_r\cos\phi-a_\phi\sin\phi, a_y=a_r\sin\phi+a_\phi\cos\phi</math>âŠ(3)ã®é¢ä¿ãããã(1), (2), (3)ããéåæ¹çšåŒ<math>m\frac{d^2x}{dt^2}=f_x, m\frac{d^2y}{dt^2}=f_y</math>ã«ä»£å
¥ãããšã(0)ãåŸãã
** ããã§ã<math>r</math>ãäžå®å€ã§ãã(ããªãã¡ã<math>\frac{dr}{dt}=0, \frac{d^2r}{dt^2}=0</math>)ããšãä»®å®ããã°ãåéåã®éåæ¹çšåŒ(B)ãåŸãããã
** ããã«ã<math>\frac{d\phi}{dt}</math>ãäžå®å€ã§ãã(ããªãã¡ã<math>\frac{d^2\phi}{dt^2}=0</math>)ããšãä»®å®ããã°ãçéåéåã®éåæ¹çšåŒ(C)ãåŸãããã
==== äžæåŒåã«ããéå ====
:<math>
m ( \ddot r - r \dot \theta^2) = f(r)
</math>
ã®åŒã§ã
ïŒäžã§ãã
<math>ma_r=f_r</math>
ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããïŒ
:<math>
f(r) = -G \frac {m m _1} {r^2 }
</math>
ãšãããšã
<math>\ddot r</math>ãããŸãã§
:<math>
m r \dot \theta^2 -G \frac {m m _1} {r^2 }
</math>
ã®åãåããŠéåããŠããããã«èŠããããšãåãã
äžåŒã®ç¬¬1é
ãé å¿åãšåŒã¶ãé å¿åã«ã€ããŠã¯[[å€å
žååŠ#çžå¯Ÿéå|çžå¯Ÿéå]]ã®
ãšããã§ãã詳ããæ±ãããŸãã第2é
ã¯éåã衚ããåã§ããã
ããã§ãé¢ç©é床ãhãšãããšã
:<math>
\frac 1 2 r^2 \dot \theta = h
</math>
ã®é¢ä¿ããäžã®åã¯
:<math>
m r (\frac {2h} {r^2} ) ^2 -G \frac {m m _1} {r^2 }
</math>
:<math>
= m \frac {4h^2} {r^3} -G \frac {m m _1} {r^2 }
</math>
ãšãªãããã®åã¯rã ãã倿°ãšããŠã¿ããšãã«ãã®ç©äœã«ãããå®å¹çãªåãš
èããããšãåºæ¥ããä»®ã«ãã®åãããã³ã·ã£ã«ãçšããŠè§£æãããšãããš
ãã®ç©äœã®éåãã©ã®ãããªç¯å²ã§è¡ãªãããããç¥ãããšãåºæ¥ãã
äŸãã°ã忝åã«ãããŠã¯ããã³ã·ã£ã«ã¯æ¯å¹
ã倧ãããªããšããç¡éã«
倧ãããªãã®ã§éåã¯ç¡éã«å€§ãããªãããšã¯åºæ¥ãªãããã®æ§ãªææ³ãçšããŠ
ãã®éåãè§£æããã®ã§ããããã1次å
ã®éåã§ã¯ããåf(x)ãäžãããããšã
ãã®äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒU(x)ã¯
:<math>
U(x) = -\int _{x _0} ^x f(x') dx'
</math>
ã§äžãããããããã§ã<math>x _0</math>ã¯èªç±ã«éžãã§ãã宿°ã§ããããå®éã«ã¯å€ãã®å Žåã«
æ
£çšçãªå€ã決ãŸã£ãŠããéã§ãããäœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®äŸãšããŠãxæ¹åã«äžæ§ãªå-fã
åãããšãã®ãã®åã«å¯Ÿããäœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãèšç®ãããå®éã«åŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããš
:<math>
U(x) = -\int _{x _0= 0} ^x (-f) dx'
</math>
:<math>
= fx
</math>
ãäžããããããã ãã<math>x_0=0</math>ãšãããããã®äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯è³ªémãæã€
ç©äœã«äžæ§ãªéåãããããšãã®äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã
ããã§ã
:<math>
f(r) = m \frac {4h^2} {r^3} -G \frac {m m _1} {r^2 }
</math>
ã®å Žåã«ã€ããŠãäœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãèšç®ããããšãåºæ¥ãã
å®éã«èšç®ãããš
:<math>
U(r) = - \int _\infty ^r
(m \frac {4h^2} {r'^3} -G \frac {m m _1} {r'^2 }) dr'
</math>
:<math>
= - (m \frac 1 {-2} \frac {4h^2} {r^2} -G(-1) \frac {m m _1} {r })
</math>
:<math>
= m \frac {2h^2} {r^2} -G \frac {m m _1} {r }
</math>
ãšãªãã
:<math>
\frac 1 {r^2}
</math>
ãš
:<math>
- \frac 1 r
</math>
ã®åã§æžããã颿°ãšãªãããã®é¢æ°ã¯å
žåçã«å³ã®ãããªåœ¢ãããŠããã
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ãããããã®è»éã¯æŸç©ç·ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããšãåŸã«åããã
äŸãšããŠãr = a = const. ãšããæ
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\omega = \dot \theta = \textrm{const.}
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m ( \ddot r - r \dot \theta^2) = f(r)
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m ( \ddot r - r \dot \theta^2) = -G \frac {m m _1} {r^2 }
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:<math>
- a \omega^2 = -G \frac {m _1} {a^2 }
</math>
:<math>
a^3 \omega^2 = G m _1
</math>
:<math>
a^3 =\frac { G m _1 } { \omega^2}
</math>
:<math>
a =(\frac { G m _1 } { \omega^2}) ^{1/3}
</math>
ãšãªããåéåã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºããè§£ãååšããããšãåãã
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), <math>\delta</math>(åæäœçž)ã¯åææ¡ä»¶ããæ±ºãŸã)
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** åææ¡ä»¶ã¯<math> x_{t=0}= x_\mathrm{C}+a,\ \frac{dx}{dt}_{t=0}=0</math>ïŒãããäžè¬è§£ãšãã®1éæé埮åã«ä»£å
¥ãããšã<math>x_\mathrm{C}+ A\sin\delta = x_\mathrm{C}+ a,\ A\omega\cos\delta = 0 \quad \therefore A=a,\ \delta=\frac{\pi}{2}</math>.
* (äŸ2) èªç¶é·ã®äœçœ®ãããåé床<math>v_0</math>ãäžããã
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¥ãããšã<math>x_\mathrm{C}+ A\sin\delta = x_\mathrm{C},\ A\omega\cos\delta = v_0 \quad \therefore A=\frac{v_0}{\omega},\ \delta=0</math>.
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<math>
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L = \sum m _i r _i^2 \omega
</math>
(<math>r _i</math>ã¯è³ªç¹iã®å転軞ããã®è·é¢ã<math>m _i</math>ã¯ã質ç¹iã®è³ªéã)
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I _{kl} = \sum _i m _i (x _{ik}x _{il} - \delta _{kl} r _i^{2})
</math>
ãåŸãããã
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I _z = \int _S \sigma (x^2 + y^2 ) dxdy
</math>
(
<math>
\int _S
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ã¯åã®é¢ç©å
šäœã§ã®é¢ç©åã衚ããã
)
<math>
=\sigma \int _0 ^a r dr \int^{2\pi } _0 d\phi r^2
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\sigma
</math>
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ã§è³ªéãšãªãããšããããã®çµæãæ£ããæ¬¡å
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(1/4 åã«ã€ããŠèšç®ããŠããã4åããã)
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(u = x/a ãšçœ®ãæãããç©åå
ã®æ°å€ã¯ç¡æ¬¡å
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<!-- (For this integral, maxima gave \pi / 16. And it must be correct!) -->
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<!-- could be omitted. -->
<math>
= 4 a^4\sigma \int _0 ^{\pi /2} \sin^2 t \cos t \cos t dt
</math>
(
<math>
u = \sin t
</math>
ãšçœ®ãæããã
)
<!--
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ãã®èšç®ãè¡ãªããšã
ç©åã®å€ã
<math>
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ã§äžããããããšãåãã
ãã£ãŠ
<math>
I _y = \frac \pi 4 \sigma a^4
</math>
ãšãªãã
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<math>
I _x = I _y = \frac \pi 4 \sigma a^4
</math>
ãšãªãããšã«æ³šæã
ããã§ã
<math>
I _z = I _x + I _y
</math>
ãšãªã£ãŠãããããã®çåŒã¯åã¿ããªãåäœã«å¯ŸããŠ
äžè¬ã«æãç«ã€ã
(å°åº)
<math>
I _z = \sum _i m _i (x _i^2+y _i^2 )
</math>
,
<math>
I _x = \sum _i m _i (y _i^2+z _i^2 )
</math>
,
<math>
I _y = \sum _i m _i (z _i^2+x _i^2 )
</math>
ã§ããããåã¿ããªãç©äœã«å¯ŸããŠåã¿ããªãé¢ãšåçŽãªæ¹åã«
z軞ãåããšã
<math>I _x</math>,<math>I _y</math>ã«ã€ããŠ
<math>
I _x = \sum _i m _i y _i^2
</math>
,
<math>
I _y = \sum _i m _i x _i^2
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ã(åã¿ããªãã®ã§<math>z _i=0</math>ãšãªãã)ãã®ããšãã
<math>
I _z = I _x + I _y
</math>
ãåŸãããã
{{DEFAULTSORT:ããŠããããã}}
[[Category:å€å
žååŠ|*]]
{{NDC|423|ããŠããããã}} | 2005-01-19T07:36:07Z | 2024-03-17T10:28:39Z | [
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"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Stub",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:鲿",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:ç¯stub",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:NDC",
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#[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXãã£ãããããŒ_éçºè
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#[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXãã£ãããããŒ_getosirixCVS.plãå©çšãã|getosirixCVS.plãå©çšãã]]
== å€éšãªã³ã¯ ==
* [http://www.osirix-viewer.com/ OsiriX Homepage]
[[Category:OsiriX|*]]
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[[Category:ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®ããã¥ã¢ã«|OsiriXããããããããã€ã¶ããã]] | 2005-01-20T12:32:47Z | 2024-02-05T14:17:09Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8 |
1,496 | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriX ã«ã€ã㊠| | ^ >
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----
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriXlogo.jpg|OsiriXããŽ]]</center>
<br>
'''OsiriX''' (ãªã¶ã€ãªã¯ã¹)ã¯ãå»ç𿀿»æ©åš (MRI, CT, PET, PET-CT, ...) ãšå
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* [http://www.newton-graphics.co.jp/ ãã¥ãŒãã³ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã¹]
== åèæžç± ==
* {{Cite book|åæž|author = ææ¬çæš¹|year = 2009|title = æ¶å管ã»èèèµããããµã€ãã€ã¡ãŒãžã³ã°âããªãŒãœãããŠã§ã¢OsiriXã§ã€ãã3Dããã²ãŒã·ã§ã³ |publisher = ãžããåºç|isbn = 978-4892696886 }} http://www.herusu-shuppan.co.jp/book/650_699/688.html
=== æ¥æ¬èªè§£èª¬ã¢ã㪠(iPhone App) ===
* [http://itunes.apple.com/jp/app/osirix-navigator/id380437199?mt=8#/ OsiriX Navigator]
[[http://homepage.mac.com/rossetantoine/osirix/Index2.html ãŠãŒã¶è©äŸ¡ (ãŠãŒã¶ããã®ã³ã¡ã³ããé»åã¡ãŒã«)]]
----
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
| [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriX ã®ä»æ§|>]]
[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/About OsiriX]]
[[es:Documentación en lÃnea de OsiriX/Acerca_de_OsiriX]]
[[fr:Documentation en ligne de OsiriX/A propos d'OsiriX]]
[[Category:OsiriX|About]] | null | 2021-02-05T07:22:15Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Cite book"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX_%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6 |
1,500 | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriX ã®ä»æ§ | < ^ >
OsiriX < ^ > | [
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] | < ^ > | [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriX ã«ã€ããŠ|<]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriX ã®ã·ã¹ãã æ¡ä»¶|>]]
----
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriXlogo.jpg|OsiriXããŽ]]</center>
== æ¬ããã°ã©ã ã®çŸæç¹ã«ãããç¹åŸŽ ==
===DICOM ãã¡ã€ã«ã®ãµããŒã===
* ããããDICOM ãã¡ã€ã« (ãã«ããã¬ãŒã ãŸã§) ã®èªã¿èŸŒã¿ãšè¡šç€º
* MRI/CT ã®æ°ãããã«ããã¬ãŒã åœ¢åŒ (5200 ã°ã«ãŒã) ã®èªã¿èŸŒã¿ãšè¡šç€º
* JPEG å§çž®ãJPEG éå§çž®ãJPEG 2000ãRLE
* Monochrome1, Monochrome2, RGB, YBR, Planar, Palettes, ...
* ä»»æã®éæ¹åœ¢ãã¯ã»ã«ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ããµããŒã
* 8, 12, 16 ããã
* 2D/3D åæ§æããŒã¿ã 'SC' (Secondary Capture) DICOM ãã¡ã€ã«å
* ããããDICOM ã¡ã¿ããŒã¿ã®èªã¿èŸŒã¿ãšè¡šç€º
* DICOM CD/DVD (DICOMDIR 察å¿) èªã¿èŸŒã¿ãšæžãåºã
* DICOM ãã¡ã€ã«ãTIFF, JPEG, Quicktime, RAW, DICOM, PACS ãžæžãåºãã転é
===DICOM ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®ãµããŒã===
* Store User (Store-SCU, DICOM Send)
* Store Provider (STORE-SCP, DICOM Listener)
* Query and Retrieve User (Query and Retrieve studies from a PACS server)
===éDICOM ãã¡ã€ã«ã®ãµããŒã===
* Zeiss (8, 16, 32 ããã) ã®LSM ãã¡ã€ã« (å
±çŠç¹é¡åŸ®é¡)
* BioRadPIC ãã¡ã€ã« (8, 16, 32 ããã) (å
±çŠç¹é¡åŸ®é¡)
* TIFF (8, 12, 16, 32ããã)
* ANALYZE (8, 12, 16, 32ããã)
* PNG, JPEG, PDF (è€æ°ããŒãž), Quicktime, AVI, MPEG, MPEG4
===2D ãã¥ãŒã¢===
* ããŒã«ããŒã®ã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãº
* å3次è£é
* ãã«ãã¹ã©ã€ã¹CT ãMRI (Mean, MIP, ããªã¥ãŒã ã¬ã³ããªã³ã°) ã®Thick Slab
* ROIs: å€è§åœ¢ãåãéçãç©åœ¢ãç¢å°ã ...
* ãã«ããã¿ã³ãã¹ã¯ããŒã«ãã€ãŒã«ããŠã¹ããµãâã
* Custom CLUT (Color Look-Up Tables, ç䌌ã«ã©ãŒè¡šç€º)
* Custom 3x3 ã5x5 ã®ç³ã¿èŸŒã¿ãã£ã«ã¿åŠç (Bone filters, ...)
* Cardiac-CT ãä»ã®æé軞ã·ãªãŒãºã«4D Viewer
* PET-CTãã¥ãŒãžã§ã³ç»åã®éé床調ç¯
* XAã®ç»åãµããã©ã¯ã·ã§ã³
* ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã«ããå€éšæ©èœãµããŒã
===3D åŸåŠç===
* Thick Slab (Mean, MIP, ããªã¥ãŒã ã¬ã³ããªã³ã°) ã§å€æé¢åæ§æ (MPR)
* MIP (æå€§å€æåœ±æ³)
* ããªã¥ãŒã ã¬ã³ããªã³ã°
* ãµãŒãã§ã¹ã¬ã³ããªã³ã°
* èµ€/é3D çŒé¡ã§ç«äœèŠ
* 3D ç»åã®Quicktime (http://www.apple.com/quicktime/), Quicktime VR (http://www.apple.com/quicktime/qtvr/), TIFF, JPEG ãžã®æžãåºã
* ãã¹ãŠã®3D Viewer ãPET-CT ã®'ãã¥ãŒãžã§ã³'ãšCardiac CT ã®'4D ã¢ãŒã'ããµããŒã
===æé©å===
* Altivec (Velocity Engine) ã«ããé«éå (8ã10åãŸã§é«éå)
* G5 (G5 ããã»ããµã§æé«ã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹)
* ãã«ãã¹ã¬ãã
* éåæå
¥å
* ãã«ãããã»ããµå¯Ÿå¿ã«ããé«éå
* Altivec ãšãã«ãã¹ã¬ãã察å¿ã®vImage ã©ã€ãã©ãª
* 2D Viewer ãšãã¹ãŠã®3D Viewer ãOpenGL 察å¿
* ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã«ãŒãã«ããé«éå
* [http://www.apple.com/acg/xgrid X-Grid] (ã°ãªããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°)
===æ¡åŒµæ§ãšç³»çµ±çãªãµãŒã===
* OsiriX ã¯ãã€ãããã¯ãªãã©ã°ã€ã³æ§é ããµããŒã
* B&W ç»åãã«ã©ãŒç»åã®ARGB å€ã«å¯ŸããŠã32bit æµ®åå°æ°ç¹ã§çŽæ¥ãã¯ã»ã«ç»çŽ ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹
* ãŠã€ã³ããŠã®äœæã管ç
* ã³ã³ã¢ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®ãã¹ãŠã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹
* OpneGL ã«ããæç»ã®çæã管ç
* [http://idlastro.gsfc.nasa.gov/homepage.html IDL] ããé«éã[http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/ ImageJ] ãã䜿ããããïŒ
===ãªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ã³ã³ããŒãã³ããåºç€===
* [http://developer.apple.com/cocoa/ Cocoa Framework] (OpenStep, GNUStep, NextStep) -- GUI ç°å¢éçºã®ããã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåãšã¯ã©ã¹ãã©ããããŒã ã
* [http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/gnu/libobjects/objective-c_toc.html Objective-C language] -- C++ ã®é·æãæãããã®è€éæ§ãæé€ãããªããžã§ã¯ãæåèšèªããªããžã§ã¯ãã£ãC èšèªã¯åŒ·åãªã¡ã¢ãªç®¡çæ©èœãæäŸããªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ãã¯ãã¹ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ã§ããã³ã³ãã€ã© [http://gcc.gnu.org/ ââGNU CompilerCollectionââ (GCC)] ã¯ããªããžã§ã¯ãã£ãC ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®ã³ã³ãã€ã«ã«äœ¿çšãããŠããã
* [http://public.kitware.com/VTK/ VTK (Visualization Toolkit)] -- ç§åŠåéã«ãããŠåºãå©çšãããŠãã3D ç»ååŠçã»æç»ã®ããã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹äžã€ã¯ã©ã¹ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ãªã©ã€ãã©ãªããã®ããŒã«ãããã¯3D ããŒã¿ã®æäœã衚瀺ã«èšå€§ãªæ©èœãæäŸã
* [http://itk.org ITK (Insight Toolkit)] -- å»çšç»ååŠçã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªæ¡åŒµã»ãããVTK ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®æ¡åŒµã§ãããåããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã«åºã¥ããŠãããå»çšç»ååéã§èª²é¡ãšãªã£ãŠãããç»åã®åå²ãç°æ©çš®éã®ç»åç»é²ã解決ããããã«éçºããããããã®åŠçã«å¿
èŠãª2D, 3D åŠçã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã äžåŒãæäŸã
* [http://www.pixelmed.com/index.html#PixelMedJavaDICOMToolkit PixelMed] (David Clunie) -- DICOM ããŒã¿ã®èªã¿æžããDICOM ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãšãã¡ã€ã«ãµããŒããDICOM ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ããã£ã¬ã¯ããªæ§é ã»ç»åã»ã¬ããŒãã»ã¹ãã¯ãã«è¡šç€ºã®ãµããŒãåã³DICOM ãªããžã§ã¯ãèªèã®ããã«ãã³ãŒããå®è¡ããã¹ã¿ã³ãã¢ããŒã³ã®DICOM toolkitã
* [http://www.dim.hcuge.ch/papyrus/04_Papyrus_Links_EN.htm Papyrus 3.0] (Digital Imaging Unit) -- ãžã¥ããŒã倧åŠã§éçºãããå
¬éã©ã€ãã©ãªã§ãããã¡ã¿ããŒã¿ãå«ãDICOM ãã¡ã€ã«ã®èªã¿æžãã«å¿
èŠãªæ©èœãæäŸããã
* [http://dicom.offis.de DICOM Offis Toolkit] -- DICOM éä¿¡ãããã³ãŒã«ããµããŒãããã¯ã©ã¹ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ã©ã€ãã©ãªã§ãããPACS ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«ãããDICOM ç»åã®query, send, retrieve ããåä¿¡ãŸã§ãå¯èœã«ããã
* [http://opengl.org OpenGL] -- 3D ç»åæç»æ©èœã®æ¥çæšæºã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã©ã€ãã©ãªã3D ã²ãŒã åžå Žã®æé·ã«äŒŽããOpen GL ã¯PC åžå Žã®ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ããŒãã¡ãŒã«ãŒã«æ¡çšããã3D ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã«ãŒããå©çšããããŒããŠãšã¢åŠçãé«éåãããããŒããŠãšã¢åŠçã®é«éåãå¯èœãšããå¯äžã®ã¯ã©ã¹ãã©ããããŒã ã©ã€ãã©ãªã
* [http://www.libexpat.org/ XML-Expat] -- C èšèªã§èšè¿°ãããXML ããŒãµã©ã€ãã©ãªãXML ææžå
ã®èªã¿èŸŒãŸããããŒã¿ãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ããã°ã©ã ã«äŒéããã¹ããªãŒã åããŒãµã
* [http://www.libtiff.org/index2.html LibTIFF] -- ç»åããŒã¿ã®èšé²ã«åºãå©çšãããŠããTag Image File Format (TIFF) ããµããŒããããœãããŠãšã¢ã
* [http://www.ece.uvic.ca/~mdadams/jasper/ Jasper] -- JPEG-2000 Part-1 standard (ISO/IEC 15444-1) ã§æå®ãããã³ãŒããã¯ããœãããŠãšã¢ããŒã¹ã§å®è¡ãJasPer ãœãããŠãšã¢ã¯C èšèªã§èšè¿°ãããŠããã
* [http://www.ijg.org/ LibJPEG] -- åºãå©çšãããŠããJPEG å§çž®åœ¢åŒçšã®ããªâã©ã€ãã©ãªã
===OsiriX ãªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã®å³è§£===
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriXArchitecture.gif|OsiriXã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£]]</center>
----
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriX ã«ã€ããŠ|<]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriX ã®ã·ã¹ãã æ¡ä»¶|>]]
[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/OsiriX Specifications]]
[[es:Documentación en lÃnea de OsiriX/Especificaciones_de_OsiriX]]
[[fr:Documentation en ligne de OsiriX/Spécifications d'OsiriX]]
[[Category:OsiriX|ããã]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:07:14Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX_%E3%81%AE%E4%BB%95%E6%A7%98 |
1,501 | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriX ã®ã·ã¹ãã æ¡ä»¶ | < ^ >
æé«æ§èœãåŒãåºãã«ã¯:
OsiriX < ^ > | [
{
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},
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX < ^ >",
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}
] | < ^ > MacOS X 10.3 以äžã(vImage ã©ã€ãã©ãªã䜿çšããããã10.3 ãå¿
èŠ) PowerPC G3, G4,G5,ãŸãã¯Intel補ããã»ããµãŒæèŒãã·ã³ã æé«æ§èœãåŒãåºãã«ã¯: 300 ç»å 以äžãåŠçããã«ã¯ã512MB ã®ã¡ã¢ãªå®¹éã 800 ç»å 以äžãåŠçããã«ã¯ã1GB ã®ã¡ã¢ãªå®¹éã 1500 ç»å 以äžãåŠçããã«ã¯ã2GB ã®ã¡ã¢ãªå®¹éã 3000 ç»å 以äžãåŠçããã«ã¯ã4GB ã®ã¡ã¢ãªå®¹éã OsiriX < ^ > | [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriX ã®ä»æ§|<]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriX ã®ããŠã³ããŒããšã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«|>]]
----
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriXlogo.jpg|OsiriXããŽ]]</center>
* MacOS X 10.3 以äžã(vImage ã©ã€ãã©ãªã䜿çšããããã10.3 ãå¿
èŠ)
* PowerPC G3, G4,G5,ãŸãã¯Intel補ããã»ããµãŒæèŒãã·ã³ã (3Dã4D å©çšã«ã¯G5,Intelããã»ããµãŒãæšå¥šïŒ)
'''æé«æ§èœãåŒãåºãã«ã¯''':
* 300 ç»å (classical CT & MRI) 以äžãåŠçããã«ã¯ã512MB ã®ã¡ã¢ãªå®¹éã
* 800 ç»å (multi-slice CT, PET-CT) 以äžãåŠçããã«ã¯ã1GB ã®ã¡ã¢ãªå®¹éã
* 1500 ç»å (multi-slice CT, PET-CT) 以äžãåŠçããã«ã¯ã2GB ã®ã¡ã¢ãªå®¹éã
* 3000 ç»å (4D Viewer ã䜿çšããcardiac CT) 以äžãåŠçããã«ã¯ã4GB ã®ã¡ã¢ãªå®¹éã
----
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriX ã®ä»æ§|<]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriX ã®ããŠã³ããŒããšã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«|>]]
[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/OsiriX System Requirements]]
[[es:Documentación en lÃnea de OsiriX/Requerimientos_de_sistema_para_correr_OsiriX]]
[[fr:Documentation en ligne de OsiriX/SystÚme minimum nécessaire pour OsiriX]]
[[Category:OsiriX|æ¡]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:05:49Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX_%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6 |
1,502 | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriX ã®ããŠã³ããŒããšã€ã³ã¹ããŒã« | < ^ |
OsiriX.pkg ãããã«ã¯ãªãã¯ããŠã衚瀺ãããæç€ºã«åŸããŸãã
OsiriX < ^ | | [
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"title": "ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«"
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{
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] | < ^ | | [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriX ã®ã·ã¹ãã æ¡ä»¶|<]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] |
----
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriXlogo.jpg|OsiriXããŽ]]</center>
== ããŠã³ããŒã ==
===以äžã®ãµã€ãããããŠã³ããŒãã§ããŸã [http://www.osirix-viewer.com/Downloads.html]:===
* OsiriX ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã±âãž + ã¯ã€ãã¯ããã¥ã¢ã« ([http://web.archive.org/20060616103917/homepage.mac.com/rossetantoine/osirix/ContributionOsiriX.html OsiriX.pkg.sit])
* åçš®ãªãã·ã§ã³ [http://web.archive.org/20040731021031/homepage.mac.com/rossetantoine/osirix/Plugins.html OsiriX Plug-ins]
* ãããŒããã£ã¹ãã£ã³ã° [http://web.archive.org/20060616103752/homepage.mac.com/rossetantoine/osirix/OsiriXBroadcasting.sit OsiriXBroadcasting.sit]
* å
šãŠã®ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒã [http://web.archive.org/20040706051002/homepage.mac.com/rossetantoine/osirix/SourceCode.html OsiriX source code]
* æç® [http://web.archive.org/20041220054959/homepage.mac.com/rossetantoine/osirix/JDI-OsiriX.pdf
Reprint of article on OsiriX from September 2004 issue of Journal of Digital Imaging]
===ä»ã®DICOM ãµã³ãã«ç»å===
* [http://149.142.216.30/DICOM_FILES/Index.html Additional DICOM sample image sets (28 - 932 MB)]
== ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã« ==
OsiriX.pkg ãããã«ã¯ãªãã¯ããŠã衚瀺ãããæç€ºã«åŸããŸãã
----
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriX ã®ã·ã¹ãã æ¡ä»¶|<]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] |
[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/Downloading and Installing OsiriX]]
[[es:Documentación en lÃnea de OsiriX/Bajar_e_instalar_OsiriX]]
[[fr:Documentation en ligne de OsiriX/Télécharger et installer OsiriX]]
[[Category:OsiriX|ããããããšãšããããšãã]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:06:16Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX_%E3%81%AE%E3%83%80%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%81%A8%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB |
1,511 | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é DICOMç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã | | ^ >
OsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒãã«ã¯2ã€ã®æ¹æ³ããããŸã:
PACS ããDICOM ã® "store" æ©èœãå©çšããŠç»åãéä¿¡ãããããããã¯OsiriX ã®DICOM query-retrieve æ©èœãå©çšã㊠"åä¿¡" ã§ããŸãã
PACS ç°å¢ãæ§ç¯ãããŠããã°ãOsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒãæãç°¡åãªæ¹æ³ã¯ãOsiriX ã "DICOM Listener" ãšããŠæ©èœãããããšã§ãããã®ç¶æ³ã§ã¯ãDICOM ç»åã¯PACS ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ããOsiriX ã®åäœããŠããMac ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã«éä¿¡ãããŸããã€ãŸããDICOM ç»åãååçã«åä¿¡ãããšããããšã§ãã
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ViTAL Images 瀟ã®Vitrea ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ãCD/DVD ã¡ãã£ã¢ã«DICOMDIR èšé²ããããªãç¹ã§ãDICOM standard ã«æºæ ããŠããŸããããã®ãããªç»åãâã¿ãèªã¿èŸŒãã«ã¯:
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OsiriX | ^ > | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "| ^ >",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒãã«ã¯2ã€ã®æ¹æ³ããããŸã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "PACS ããDICOM ã® \"store\" æ©èœãå©çšããŠç»åãéä¿¡ãããããããã¯OsiriX ã®DICOM query-retrieve æ©èœãå©çšã㊠\"åä¿¡\" ã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ãããã¯ãŒã¯çµç±ã§OsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "PACS ç°å¢ãæ§ç¯ãããŠããã°ãOsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒãæãç°¡åãªæ¹æ³ã¯ãOsiriX ã \"DICOM Listener\" ãšããŠæ©èœãããããšã§ãããã®ç¶æ³ã§ã¯ãDICOM ç»åã¯PACS ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ããOsiriX ã®åäœããŠããMac ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã«éä¿¡ãããŸããã€ãŸããDICOM ç»åãååçã«åä¿¡ãããšããããšã§ãã",
"title": "ãããã¯ãŒã¯çµç±ã§OsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåã«OsiriX åã³PACS ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã®èšå®ãããªããã°ãããŸãã: OsiriX ã® \"Preferences\" ãŠã€ã³ã㊠ã«AETitle ããã³Port çªå·ãå²ãåœãŠãŸããæ¬¡ã« \"芪æãªã\" PACS 管çè
ã«PACS ã®èšå®ãããŠããããŸãããããã®æãOsiriX ã¯å¿
ãåäœããŠããªããšãããŸããã -- DICOM Listener ã¯ãOsiriX ãèµ·åããŠããªããšåäœããŸããã",
"title": "ãããã¯ãŒã¯çµç±ã§OsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ãããã¯ãŒã¯çµç±ã§OsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è€æ°ã®ãŠâã¶ãèšå®ãã:",
"title": "ãããã¯ãŒã¯çµç±ã§OsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã«ããã¡ãŒã¹ããŠãŒã¶ã¹ã€ããã䜿ã£ãŠãã°ã€ã³ã§ãããããªè€æ°ãŠãŒã¶ãç»é²ããŠããå ŽåãåãŠãŒã¶ããããã«ç°ãªãAETitle ããã³Port çªå·ãå²ãåœãŠãã¹ãã§ãã",
"title": "ãããã¯ãŒã¯çµç±ã§OsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(ããŒãžã§ã³ 1.7.1 ã® OsiriX ã¯ãä»ã®ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ããã®ã¯ãšãªã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããŸããã)",
"title": "ãããã¯ãŒã¯çµç±ã§OsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX ã¯ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã CT, MRI è£
眮ã®ãã㪠DICOM æ©åšãšã¯ãšãªãå¯èœã§ããä»ã®æ©åšã« OsiriX ãžã®éä¿¡èšå®ããããŠããªããŠããã¯ãšãªã¯å¯èœã§ããã¯ãšãªãèšå®ããã«ã¯ãç°å¢èšå® (Preferences...) é
ç®ããå Žæ (Locations) ãéžæããŠãçžæåŽã® AETitleãPortçªå·ããã¹ãå (IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹) ã远å ããŸããæ¬¡ã« Query/Retrieve(ãããã¯ããŒã«ããŒã® Query ã¢ã€ã³ã³) ãéžæããŸãã衚瀺ããããŠã€ã³ããŠã§æ¥ç¶ãããå Žæãéžæãå¿
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"title": "ãããã¯ãŒã¯çµç±ã§OsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããªãŒããå®è¡ããå Žåã«ã¯ãçžææ©åšã« OsiriX ãžã®éä¿¡èšå®ãå¿
èŠãšãªããŸããOsiriX åŽã® AETitleãPortçªå·ããã¹ãå (IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹) ã PACS è£
眮 (çžææ©åš) åŽã«èšå®ããŠäžããã",
"title": "ãããã¯ãŒã¯çµç±ã§OsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŒããã£ã¹ã¯ã«DICOM ãã¡ã€ã«ããã£ããããŸãã¯DICOM CD-ROM ãããã°ã \"Local database\" ãŠã€ã³ããŠã® \"Import\" ãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŸããæ¬¡ã«ãã¡ã€ã«ãå«ãã§ãããã¡ã€ã«ããã©ã«ããéžæããŸããè€æ°ãã¡ã€ã«ããã©ã«ãã¯ã âshiftâ ããŒãæŒãããŸãŸã§ã¯ãªãã¯ããªããéžæããŸãããŸãããã¹ã¯ããããããã¡ã€ã«ã \"Local database\" ãŠã€ã³ããŠå
ãžãçŽæ¥ \"ãã©ãã°ã»ã¢ã³ãã»ãããã\" ããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "èšé²ã¡ãã£ã¢ããOsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "èšé²ã¡ãã£ã¢ããOsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ViTAL Images 瀟ã®Vitrea ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ãCD/DVD ã¡ãã£ã¢ã«DICOMDIR èšé²ããããªãç¹ã§ãDICOM standard ã«æºæ ããŠããŸããããã®ãããªç»åãâã¿ãèªã¿èŸŒãã«ã¯:",
"title": "èšé²ã¡ãã£ã¢ããOsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "èšé²ã¡ãã£ã¢ããOsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CD ã®èšé²æ¹åŒã«ã¯ãèšé²ãã¡ã€ã«ãMac ã§èªã¿åºããªããã®ãååšããŸãããã®ãããªã¡ãã£ã¢å
ãã¡ã€ã«ã¯ãOsiriX ã§çŽæ¥éãäºã¯äžå¯èœã§ãããã ãã OsiriX Discussion Group ã«ãããŠãããã€ãã®è§£æ±ºæ³ã玹ä»ãããŠããŸãã:",
"title": "èšé²ã¡ãã£ã¢ããOsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¡ã€ã³ãŠã€ã³ããŠã®ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ããããããæ
å ±ã調ã¹ããããŒã¿ãéžæããŸãã 2D-3D ãã¥ãŒã¢ ã¢ã€ã³ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŠç»åã·ãªãŒãºãéããŸããéãããŠã€ã³ããŠã®ããŒã«ããŒãã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºããã°ã Meta-Data ãã¿ã³ã远å ã§ããŸãã",
"title": "DICOM ç»åã®ãããæ
å ±ã衚瀺ã»ç·šéããã«ã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¿ã³ã远å ããã«ã¯ : ã¡ãã¥ãŒããŒã® ãã©ãŒããã ããã㯠ããŠã¹å³ãã¿ã³ã¯ãªãã¯ã§è¡šç€ºããã ã³ã³ãã¯ã¹ãã¡ãã¥ãŒ ããã ããŒã«ããŒãã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãº... ãéžæããŸãã衚瀺ããããŠã€ã³ããŠãã Meta-Data ã¢ã€ã³ã³ããã©ãã°ããŠãããŒã«ããŒå
ã«ããããããŸãã",
"title": "DICOM ç»åã®ãããæ
å ±ã衚瀺ã»ç·šéããã«ã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®äº ãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŠãŠã€ã³ããŠãéããŸãã",
"title": "DICOM ç»åã®ãããæ
å ±ã衚瀺ã»ç·šéããã«ã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ããåºæ¥äžããã Meta-Data ãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããã°ããããæ
å ±ã衚瀺ãããŠãããã¹ããXML 圢åŒã«æžãåºããŸãã",
"title": "DICOM ç»åã®ãããæ
å ±ã衚瀺ã»ç·šéããã«ã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "DICOM ç»åã®ãããæ
å ±ã衚瀺ã»ç·šéããã«ã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX | ^ >",
"title": "DICOM ç»åã®ãããæ
å ±ã衚瀺ã»ç·šéããã«ã¯"
}
] | | ^ > OsiriX ã«DICOM ç»åãèªã¿èŸŒãã«ã¯2ã€ã®æ¹æ³ããããŸã: ãããã¯ãŒã¯çµç±ã§:
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----
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OsiriX ã¯ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã CT, MRI è£
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=== ç¹èš Vitrea ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ããç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã ===
ViTAL Images 瀟ã®Vitrea ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ãCD/DVD ã¡ãã£ã¢ã«DICOMDIR èšé²ããããªãç¹ã§ãDICOM standard ã«æºæ ããŠããŸããããã®ãããªç»åãâã¿ãèªã¿èŸŒãã«ã¯:
# OsiriX ã®ç°å¢èšå®ã倿Ž: ã¡ãã¥ãŒé
ç®ãã âOsiriXâ - âç°å¢èšå®...â - âCD/DVDâ ãéããŸãã
# äžã®ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã·ã§ããã®æ§ã«ã"Load only files described in the DICOMDIR file" ãã "Load all DICOM files available on the CD/DVD ( this doesn't rely on the DICOMDIR file)" ã«ã©ãžãªãã¿ã³ã®ãã§ãã¯ãåãæ¿ããŸãã
# ãŸããVitrea ãœãããŠãšã¢ã¯ææ°çã«ã¢ããã°ã¬ãŒãããå¿
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=== Mac é察å¿ã®CD ãOsiriX ã§éãã«ã¯ ===
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ãã¡ã€ã«ã¯ãOsiriX ã§çŽæ¥éãäºã¯äžå¯èœã§ãããã ãã [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/osirix/ OsiriX Discussion Group] ã«ãããŠãããã€ãã®è§£æ±ºæ³ã玹ä»ãããŠããŸãã:
* '''Virtual PC'''
# Virtual PC ãèµ·åã
# PC ãšåæ§ã«CD ãå©çšå¯èœãšãªãã
# Virtual PC ã®ç°å¢ããMac ã®ãã©ã«ãã«çŽæ¥ã³ããŒããã
# ã³ããŒããããŒã¿ãOsirix ã§å©çšã
* '''ãã©ãã·ã¥ã¡ã¢ãª''' (iPod Shuffleã§ã)
# USB ããŒãã®ããPC ã§CD ãèªèãããã
# PC ã«ãã©ãã·ã¥ã¡ã¢ãªãæ¥ç¶ã
# ãã©ãã·ã¥ã¡ã¢ãªã«CD ããŒã¿ãã³ããŒããã
# ãã®ãã©ãã·ã¥ã¡ã¢ãªãMac ã«æ¥ç¶ã
# OsiriX ã§ãã©ãã·ã¥ã¡ã¢ãªå
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* '''èªèãããªãCD ã¡ãã£ã¢ãåãåºã'''
# æ¿å
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# CD ã¡ãã£ã¢ãåãåºãã«ã¯ãF12 ããŒãæŒããŸãã
# ããã§ãåãåºããªãå Žåã«ã¯ãMac ãåèµ·åããŠãèµ·åäžã«ããŠã¹å·Šãã¿ã³ãæŒãããŸãŸã§ããŸãã
* '''PC ã§Mac ãšèŠªåæ§ã®é«ã CD ãäœæãã'''
# CD ã«çŒãå Žåã''æãäºææ§ã®é«ã'' ãªãã·ã§ã³ãéžæããã
# Drive Letter Access (DLA) ãœãããŠãšã¢ããã©ãã° & ããããã«ããäœæããããªããªãã
# ã·ã³ã°ã«ã»ãã·ã§ã³ã§çŒãã
# ãã£ã¹ã¯ãã¯ããŒãºããã
# CD-R ã䜿çšããCD-RW ã®äœ¿çšã¯é¿ããã
== DICOM ç»åã®ãããæ
å ±ã衚瀺ã»ç·šéããã«ã¯ ==
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å ±ã調ã¹ããããŒã¿ãéžæããŸãã ''2D-3D ãã¥ãŒã¢'' ã¢ã€ã³ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŠç»åã·ãªãŒãºãéããŸããéãããŠã€ã³ããŠã®ããŒã«ããŒãã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºããã°ã ''Meta-Data'' ãã¿ã³ã远å ã§ããŸãã
ãã¿ã³ã远å ããã«ã¯ : ã¡ãã¥ãŒããŒã® ''ãã©ãŒããã'' ããã㯠ããŠã¹å³ãã¿ã³ã¯ãªãã¯ã§è¡šç€ºããã ''ã³ã³ãã¯ã¹ãã¡ãã¥ãŒ'' ããã ''ããŒã«ããŒãã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãº...'' ãéžæããŸãã衚瀺ããããŠã€ã³ããŠãã ''Meta-Data'' ã¢ã€ã³ã³ããã©ãã°ããŠãããŒã«ããŒå
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[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
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[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/Importing DICOM images into OsiriX and Viewing DICOM headers]]
[[es:Documentación en lÃnea de OsiriX/Importar_imágenes_DICOM_adentro_de_OsiriX]]
[[fr:Documentation en ligne de OsiriX/Importer des images DICOM dans OsiriX]]
[[Category:OsiriX|DICOMãããããã¿ãã]] | null | 2022-05-20T13:02:51Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80_DICOM%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F%E3%82%92%E8%AA%AD%E3%81%BF%E8%BE%BC%E3%82%80 |
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{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "< ^ >",
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{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX ã«ã¯å€ãã®æ©èœããããã°ã©ãã£ã«ã«ãŠãŒã¶ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ (GUI) ãèªåã®å¥œã¿ã«å€æŽã§ããŸããOsiriX ã®ãŠã€ã³ããŠã¯ããã¹ãŠã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºããããšãã§ããŸããããŒã«ããŒã«è¡šç€ºãããããŒã«ã倿Žããã«ã¯ã \"ãã©ãŒããã\" ã¡ãã¥ãŒãã\"ããŒã«ããŒãã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãº...\" ãéžæããŸãããŸããããŒã«ããŒå
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<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_4.1.jpg]]<br>''"Customize" ãŠã€ã³ããŠã衚瀺ãããŒã«ããã©ãã°ã»ã¢ã³ãã»ããããããŠã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºã''</center>
----
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
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[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/Customizing OsiriX windows]]
[[es:Documentación en lÃnea de OsiriX/Configurar_ventanas_OsiriX]]
[[fr:Documentation en ligne de OsiriX/Modifier les fenêtres d'OsiriX]]
[[Category:OsiriX|ãããããããããŸããã]] | null | 2015-08-29T00:59:38Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80_%E5%A4%96%E8%A6%B3%E3%82%92%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BA%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B |
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{
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"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
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"text": "ãã€ã§ãæ°ããã·ãªãŒãºãéãããšãã§ããŸããããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãŠã€ã³ããŠãéãã«ã¯ããã¡ã€ã«ã¡ãã¥ãŒãã \"Local Database\" ãéžæããã ãã§ãã",
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[[es:Documentación en lÃnea de OsiriX/Abrir varios series a la vez]]
[[fr:Documentation en ligne de OsiriX/Ouvrir plusieurs séries simultanément]]
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[[es:Documentación en lÃnea de OsiriX/Ver varios series a la vez]]
[[fr:Documentation en ligne de OsiriX/Examiner plusieurs séries simultanément]]
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1,521 | Java | ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãž > å·¥åŠ > æ
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== ã³ãŒãã®ã£ã©ãªãŒ ==
=== ãšã©ãã¹ããã¹ã®ç¯© ===
:<syntaxhighlight lang=java>
import java.util.*;
public class Main {
public static void eratosthenes(int n) {
boolean[] sieve = new boolean[n + 1];
sieve[0] = false;
sieve[1] = false;
for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
sieve[i] = true;
}
for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
if (sieve[i]) {
System.out.println(i);
for (int j = i * 2; j <= n; j += i) {
sieve[j] = false;
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
eratosthenes(100);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
ãã®Javaã®ã³ãŒãã¯ããšã©ãã¹ããã¹ã®ç¯©ïŒSieve of EratosthenesïŒã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã䜿ã£ãŠãäžããããç¯å²å
ã®çŽ æ°ãèŠã€ããŠåºåããŸãã
# <code>eratosthenes</code>ã¡ãœãã:
#* <code>n</code> 以äžã®çŽ æ°ãèŠã€ããããã«ã<code>boolean</code>é
å <code>sieve</code> ãçšæããŸãã<code>sieve[i]</code> ã <code>true</code> ã®å Žåã<code>i</code> ã¯çŽ æ°ã§ãã
#* åæåã®éã<code>sieve[0]</code> ãš <code>sieve[1]</code> ã <code>false</code> ã«èšå®ãããã以å€ã®èŠçŽ ã <code>true</code> ã«åæåããŸãã
#* 2ãã <code>n</code> ãŸã§ã®åæ°ã«å¯ŸããŠããã®æ°ãçŽ æ°ã§ããå Žåããã®æ°ãåºåãããã®åæ°ã <code>false</code> ã«ããŒã¯ããŸãã
# <code>main</code>ã¡ãœãã:
#* <code>main</code>ã¡ãœããã§ã¯ã<code>eratosthenes</code>ã¡ãœãããåŒã³åºããŠã<code>100</code> 以äžã®çŽ æ°ãèŠã€ããŠåºåããŸãã
å
·äœçã«ã¯ã<code>eratosthenes</code>ã¡ãœããã¯æ¬¡ã®æé ã§åäœããŸãïŒ
* <code>n</code> 以äžã®æ°ã <code>true</code> ã«åæåããŸãã
* 2ãã <code>n</code> ãŸã§ã®åæ°ã«ã€ããŠããã®æ°ãçŽ æ°ã§ããå Žåããã®æ°èªäœãåºåãããã®æ°ã®åæ°ã <code>false</code> ã«ããŸããããã«ãããæ®ã£ã <code>true</code> ã®æ°ã¯çŽ æ°ã«ãªããŸãã
äŸãã°ã<code>eratosthenes(100)</code> ãå®è¡ãããšã<code>100</code> 以äžã®çŽ æ°ãåºåãããŸãã
=== æå€§å
¬çŽæ°ãšæå°å
¬åæ° ===
:<syntaxhighlight lang=java>
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Main {
public static int gcd2(int m, int n) {
return n == 0 ? m : gcd2(n, m % n);
}
public static int gcd(int... ints) {
if (ints.length == 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("At least one argument is required");
}
return Arrays.stream(ints).reduce(Main::gcd2).getAsInt();
}
public static int lcm2(int m, int n) {
return m * n / gcd2(m, n);
}
public static int lcm(int... ints) {
if (ints.length == 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("At least one argument is required");
}
return Arrays.stream(ints).reduce(Main::lcm2).getAsInt();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("gcd2(30, 45) => " + gcd2(30, 45));
System.out.println("gcd(30, 72, 12) => " + gcd(30, 72, 12));
System.out.println("lcm2(30, 72) => " + lcm2(30, 72));
System.out.println("lcm(30, 42, 72) => " + lcm(30, 42, 72));
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
ãã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãæå€§å
¬çŽæ°ïŒGreatest Common Divisor, GCDïŒãšæå°å
¬åæ°ïŒLeast Common Multiple, LCMïŒãèšç®ããããã®é¢æ°ãå®è£
ããŠããŸãã
<code>gcd</code>ããã³<code>lcm</code>ã¡ãœããå
ã®reduceã¡ãœãã:
* <code>Arrays.stream(ints)</code>ã䜿çšããŠ<code>ints</code>ãã¹ããªãŒã ã«å€æãã<code>reduce</code>ã¡ãœããã䜿ã£ãŠ<code>Main::gcd2</code>ãŸãã¯<code>Main::lcm2</code>颿°ã环ç©çã«é©çšããŸãã
* <code>getAsInt()</code>ã¡ãœããã䜿çšããŠçµæãååŸããŸããããã¯ã<code>OptionalInt</code>ã<code>int</code>ã«å€æããæäœã§ãã<code>getAsInt()</code>ã¯ã¹ããªãŒã ã空ã§ãªãããšãåæãšããŠããŸããããã®å Žåã¯åŒæ°ãå°ãªããšã1ã€ä»¥äžããããšãä¿èšŒãããŠããããåé¡ãããŸããã
=== äºåæ³ ===
[[W:äºåæ³|äºåæ³]]
:<syntaxhighlight lang=java>
import java.util.function.Function;
public class Main {
public static double bisection(double low, double high, Function<Double, Double> f) {
double x = (low + high) / 2;
double fx = f.apply(x);
final double epsilon = 1.0e-10;
if (Math.abs(fx) < epsilon) {
return x;
}
if (fx < 0.0) {
low = x;
} else {
high = x;
}
return bisection(low, high, f);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
var result1 = bisection(0, 3, x -> x - 1);
System.out.println(result1);
var result2 = bisection(0, 3, x -> x * x - 1);
System.out.println(result2);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: [[æ§èª²çš(-2012幎床)é«çåŠæ ¡æ°åŠB/æ°å€èšç®ãšã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒ#2åæ³]]ã®äŸã Java ã«ç§»æ€ããŸããã
ãã®Javaã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãäºåæ³ïŒBisection MethodïŒã䜿ã£ãŠäžãããã颿°ã®æ ¹ïŒè§£ïŒãæ±ããæ¹æ³ã瀺ããŠããŸãã
# <code>bisection</code>ã¡ãœãã:
#* äžããããç¯å² <code>low</code> ãã <code>high</code> ã®éã§é¢æ° <code>f</code> ã®æ ¹ãèŠã€ããã¡ãœããã§ãã
#* <code>low</code> ãš <code>high</code> ã®äžéç¹ã <code>x</code> ãšããŠèšç®ãããã®ç¹ã§ã®é¢æ°å€ <code>fx</code> ãååŸããŸãã
#* <code>fx</code> ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ãéåžžã«å°ããïŒãã®å Žåã<code>1.0e-10</code>ããå°ããïŒå Žåã<code>x</code> ãèŠã€ãããšã¿ãªããŠè¿ããŸãã
#* ãã以å€ã®å Žåã<code>fx</code> ã®ç¬Šå·ããã§ãã¯ããŠã<code>x</code> ãæ°ããç¯å²ã®äžå¿ãšããŠã<code>low</code> ãŸã㯠<code>high</code> ãæŽæ°ããååž°çã« <code>bisection</code> ã¡ãœãããåŒã³åºããŸãã
# <code>main</code>ã¡ãœãã:
#* <code>main</code>ã¡ãœããã§ã¯ã<code>bisection</code>ã¡ãœããã䜿çšããŠãäžãããã颿°ã®æ ¹ãæ±ããŸãã
#* äŸãã°ã<code>x - 1</code> ã®é¢æ°ã®æ ¹ã <code>0</code> ãã <code>3</code> ã®ç¯å²ã§èŠã€ããŠåºåãã<code>x^2 - 1</code> ã®é¢æ°ã®æ ¹ãåæ§ã«èŠã€ããŠåºåããŸãã
ãã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãJavaã®<code>Function</code>ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãå©çšããŠã颿°ãåŒæ°ãšããŠæž¡ããäºåæ³ã䜿ã£ãŠé¢æ°ã®æ ¹ãèŠã€ããæ¹æ³ãå®è£
ããŠããŸãã
== çšèªé ==
; abstractïŒæœè±¡ïŒ: ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ãäœæã§ããªãæœè±¡ã¯ã©ã¹ãæœè±¡ã¡ãœãããå®çŸ©ããããã®ä¿®é£Ÿåã
; annotationïŒã¢ãããŒã·ã§ã³ïŒ: ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒãã«ã¡ã¿ããŒã¿ã远å ããããã®æ©èœã
; ArrayïŒé
åïŒ: åãåã®è€æ°ã®èŠçŽ ãä¿æããããã®ããŒã¿æ§é ã
; ArrayListïŒåçé
åïŒ: å¯å€é·é
åãå®çŸããããã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã
; assertïŒã¢ãµãŒãïŒ: æ¡ä»¶ãæ£ããããšããã§ãã¯ããããã«äœ¿çšãããããŒã¯ãŒãã
; binary operatorïŒäºé
æŒç®åïŒ: 2ã€ã®ãªãã©ã³ããæã€æŒç®åã
; booleanïŒè«çå€ïŒ: 2ã€ã®å€ãtrueãŸãã¯falseããæã€ããŒã¿åã
; breakïŒãã¬ãŒã¯ïŒ: ã«ãŒããswitchæããæãåºãããã®ããŒã¯ãŒãã
; byteïŒãã€ãïŒ: 8ãããã®ç¬Šå·ä»æŽæ°åã®ããŒã¿åã
; caseïŒã±ãŒã¹ïŒ: switchæå
ã§ãè©äŸ¡åŒã®å€ãšäžèŽããå Žåã«å®è¡ããããããã¯ã
; catchïŒãã£ããïŒ: tryãããã¯å
ã§çºçããäŸå€ãåŠçããããã®ãããã¯ã
; charïŒæåïŒ: 16ãããUnicodeæåã®ããŒã¿åã
; classïŒã¯ã©ã¹ïŒ: ããŒã¿ãšãã®æäœãå®çŸ©ããããã®æ§é äœã
; class variableïŒã¯ã©ã¹å€æ°ïŒ: ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã§å
±æããã倿°ã
; compilerïŒã³ã³ãã€ã©ïŒ: ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããæ©æ¢°èªã«å€æããããã°ã©ã ã
; constructorïŒã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ïŒ: ãªããžã§ã¯ããäœæããéã«åŒã³åºãããã¡ãœããã
; continueïŒã³ã³ãã£ãã¥ãŒïŒ: ã«ãŒãå
ã§æ¬¡ã®å埩åŠçã«é²ãããã®ããŒã¯ãŒãã
; do-whileïŒdo-whileæïŒ: æ¡ä»¶åŒãfalseã§ãªãéãããããã¯ãå®è¡ãç¶ããã«ãŒãã
; doubleïŒå粟床浮åå°æ°ç¹æ°ïŒ: 64ãããã®æµ®åå°æ°ç¹æ°ã®ããŒã¿åã
; encapsulationïŒã«ãã»ã«åïŒ: ããŒã¿ãšããã«å¯ŸããæäœããŸãšããå€éšããã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãå¶éããæ©èœã
; enhanced for loopïŒæ¡åŒµforã«ãŒãïŒ: é
åãã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®èŠçŽ ã«å¯ŸããŠç¹°ãè¿ãåŠçãè¡ãããã®ç°¡æœãªæ§æã
; enumïŒåæåïŒ: äžé£ã®å®æ°ã衚ãããã®ç¹æ®ãªã¯ã©ã¹ã
; exceptionïŒäŸå€ïŒ: ããã°ã©ã ã®å®è¡äžã«çºçãããšã©ãŒã衚ããªããžã§ã¯ãã
; extendsïŒç¶æ¿ïŒ:ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ç¶æ¿ã«äœ¿çšãããJavaã®ããŒã¯ãŒãã
; finalïŒæçµïŒ:ãã£ãŒã«ããã¡ãœããããŸãã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ã«ä¿®é£ŸåãšããŠä»ããããå€ã®å€æŽããªãŒããŒã©ã€ããçŠæ¢ããã
; finallyïŒæåŸã«ïŒ:äŸå€åŠçãããã¯ã®äžéšã§ãå¿
ãå®è¡ãããã³ãŒããæå®ããããã«äœ¿çšãããããŒã¯ãŒãã
; floatïŒæµ®åå°æ°ç¹æ°ïŒ:å粟床浮åå°æ°ç¹æ°ã衚ãJavaã®ããªããã£ãåã
; forïŒforã«ãŒãïŒ:æå®ãããåæ°ãŸãã¯æ¡ä»¶ã«åºã¥ããŠãã³ãŒããããã¯ãå埩çã«å®è¡ããããã«äœ¿çšãããããŒã¯ãŒãã
; foreachïŒæ¡åŒµforã«ãŒãïŒ:é
åãŸãã¯ã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«å¯ŸããŠãç°¡åãªå埩åŠçãè¡ãããã«äœ¿çšãããJavaã®æ§æã
; genericïŒãžã§ããªãã¯ïŒ:ã¯ã©ã¹ãã¡ãœããã«ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã远å ããç°ãªãããŒã¿åã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããæ±ãæ±çšçãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®æ©èœã
; getterïŒã²ãã¿ãŒïŒ:ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹å€æ°ã®å€ãååŸããããã®ã¡ãœããã
; if-elseïŒæ¡ä»¶åå²ïŒ:æ¡ä»¶ãçã®å Žåã«1ã€ã®ã³ãŒããããã¯ãå®è¡ããããã§ãªãå Žåã«å¥ã®ã³ãŒããããã¯ãå®è¡ããããã«äœ¿çšãããJavaã®æ§æã
; implementsïŒå®è£
ïŒ:ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãå®è£
ããã¯ã©ã¹ã«äœ¿çšãããããŒã¯ãŒãã
; importïŒã€ã³ããŒãïŒ:å¥ã®ããã±ãŒãžå
ã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã䜿çšããããã«ãJavaã«å€éšã¯ã©ã¹ãåã蟌ãããã®ããŒã¯ãŒãã
; instance variableïŒã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹å€æ°ïŒ:ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã®äžéšã§ããããªããžã§ã¯ãã®ç¹å®ã®ç¶æ
ãä¿æããããã«äœ¿çšããã倿°ã
; intïŒæŽæ°ïŒ:32ãããã®æŽæ°ã衚ãJavaã®ããªããã£ãåã
; interfaceïŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ïŒ:ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¡ãœããã®éåã§ãããå®è£
ã¯ã©ã¹ã«ãã£ãŠå®è£
ãããããšãæ³å®ããŠããã
; jarïŒJARãã¡ã€ã«ïŒ:Javaã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãããã±ãŒãžåããããã®æšæºçãªåœ¢åŒã®ã¢ãŒã«ã€ããã¡ã€ã«ã
; java keywordïŒJavaã®ããŒã¯ãŒãïŒ:Javaã®æ§æã§ç¹å¥ãªæå³ãæã€äºçŽèªã
; java runtime environment(JRE): Javaã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå®è¡ããããã®ã©ã³ã¿ã€ã ç°å¢ã
; JDK: JavaéçºããããJavaéçºã«å¿
èŠãªããŒã«ãã³ã³ãã€ã©ããããã¬ãAPIãããã¥ã¡ã³ããå«ãŸããã
; JRE: Javaã©ã³ã¿ã€ã ç°å¢ãJavaã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå®è¡ããããã®ç°å¢ã
; JVM: Javaä»®æ³ãã·ã³ãJavaã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå®è¡ããããã®ä»®æ³ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã
; lambda expression: Java 8ã§å°å
¥ãããç¡å颿°ã®äžçš®ã
; long: Javaã®ããŒã¿åã®äžã€ã§ã64ãããã®ç¬Šå·ä»ãæŽæ°ã衚ãã
; method: ã¯ã©ã¹å
ã§å®è¡ãããã³ãŒããããã¯ã®ããšã
; modifier: ã¯ã©ã¹ãã¡ãœããã倿°ãªã©ã®å±æ§ã倿Žããããã«äœ¿çšãããããŒã¯ãŒãã
; new: ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ãäœæããããã®ããŒã¯ãŒãã
; null: ãªããžã§ã¯ããååšããªãããšã瀺ãå€ã
; NumberFormatException: æååãæ°å€ã«å€æããããšããéã«ãæååãæ°å€ã«å€æã§ããªãå Žåã«ã¹ããŒãããäŸå€ã
; object: ããŒã¿ãã¡ãœãããæã€ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã
; Object-Oriented Programming: ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãã¯ã©ã¹ããªããžã§ã¯ããç¶æ¿ãããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ãªã©ãå©çšããŠããã°ã©ã ãèšèšããæ¹æ³ã
; operator: æŒç®åãç®è¡æŒç®åãæ¯èŒæŒç®åãè«çæŒç®åãªã©ãããã
; package: ã¯ã©ã¹ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãã°ã«ãŒãåããããã®ä»çµã¿ã
; private: ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å€éšããã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããªãã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ä¿®é£Ÿåã
; protected: ãµãã¯ã©ã¹ããã®ã¿ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹å¯èœãªã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ä¿®é£Ÿåã
; public: å
šãŠã®ã¯ã©ã¹ããã¢ã¯ã»ã¹å¯èœãªã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ä¿®é£Ÿåã
; return: ã¡ãœããããå€ãè¿ãããã«äœ¿çšãããããŒã¯ãŒãã
; short: Javaã®ããŒã¿åã®äžã€ã§ã16ãããã®ç¬Šå·ä»ãæŽæ°ã衚ãã
; static: ã¯ã©ã¹ã¬ãã«ã®å€æ°ãã¡ãœããã«äœ¿çšããã修食åã
; String: æååã衚ãã¯ã©ã¹ã
; super: ã¹ãŒããŒã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ãåç
§ããããã®ããŒã¯ãŒãã
; switch: è€æ°ã®æ¡ä»¶åå²ããŸãšããŠè¡šçŸããããã®ããŒã¯ãŒãã
; synchronized: (åæå) ã¹ã¬ããéã§å
±æããããªããžã§ã¯ãã«å¯ŸããŠã1ã€ã®ã¹ã¬ãããå®è¡ããŠãããšãã¯ãä»ã®ã¹ã¬ãããåæã«ãã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããªãããã«ããããã®ããŒã¯ãŒãã§ãã
; this: (this) ãªããžã§ã¯ãèªèº«ãåç
§ããããã®ããŒã¯ãŒãã§ãã
; throw: (äŸå€ãæãã) ã¡ãœããå
ã§æç€ºçã«äŸå€ãæããããã«äœ¿çšãããããŒã¯ãŒãã§ãã
; throws: (äŸå€ãã¹ããŒãã) ã¡ãœãããäŸå€ãæããå¯èœæ§ãããããšã瀺ãããã«äœ¿çšãããããŒã¯ãŒãã§ãã
; transient: (äžæç) ã·ãªã¢ã«åããããªããžã§ã¯ãã®äžéšã§ãªãããšã瀺ãããã«äœ¿çšãããããŒã¯ãŒãã§ãã
; try-catch: (äŸå€åŠç) äŸå€ãçºçããå¯èœæ§ããããããã¯å
ã§ãäŸå€ãææããŠåŠçããããã®æ§æã§ãã
; void: (ç¡å¹) æ»ãå€ãè¿ããªãã¡ãœãããå®çŸ©ããããã®ããŒã¯ãŒãã§ãã
; volatile: (æ®çºæ§) 倿°ã®å€ããè€æ°ã®ã¹ã¬ããããåæã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãããå¯èœæ§ãããããšã瀺ãããã«äœ¿çšãããããŒã¯ãŒãã§ãã
; while: (ã«ãŒã) æ¡ä»¶ã true ã®å Žåããããã¯ãç¹°ãè¿ãå®è¡ããããã®ã«ãŒãæ§æã§ãã
== èèš» ==
<references />
{{stub}}
[[Category:Java|*]]
[[Category:ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª]]
{{NDC|007.64}} | 2005-01-24T10:19:46Z | 2024-02-09T06:19:25Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Wikipedia",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Wiktionary",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Pathnav",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Stub",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:NDC"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/Java |
1,524 | éåååŠ | çµæ¶ãæãç©è³ªã®å
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X = ( 0 1 1 0 ) {\displaystyle X={\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\1&0\end{pmatrix}}} Y = ( 0 â i i 0 ) {\displaystyle Y={\begin{pmatrix}0&-i\\i&0\end{pmatrix}}} Z = ( 1 0 0 â 1 ) {\displaystyle Z={\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\0&-1\end{pmatrix}}}
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P ( s z = 1 ) = | ( | s z = 1 > , | α > ) | 2 = | α 0 | 2 {\displaystyle P(sz=1)=|(|sz=1>,|\alpha >)|^{2}=|\alpha _{0}|^{2}}
åæ§ã«ãsx=1ã«ãªã確çP(sx=1)ã¯
P ( s x = 1 ) = | ( | s x = 1 > , | α > ) | 2 = | α 0 + α 1 2 | 2 {\displaystyle P(sx=1)=|(|sx=1>,|\alpha >)|^{2}=|{\frac {\alpha _{0}+\alpha _{1}}{2}}|^{2}}
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P ( s z = 1 ) = | ( | s z = 1 > , | s x = 1 > ) | 2 = | 2 â 1 / 2 | 2 = 1 2 {\displaystyle P(sz=1)=|(|sz=1>,|sx=1>)|^{2}=|2^{-1/2}|^{2}={\frac {1}{2}}}
ãšãªããå®éšçµæãšãã確çãäžããããã
ããã«ãå®éšäŸãšããŠåãäžãããzæ¹åãåããé»åã¹ãã³ã® u â {\displaystyle {\vec {u}}} æ¹åã®æå s â â
u â {\displaystyle {\vec {s}}\cdot {\vec {u}}} ãæž¬ããå Žåã®çµæãèšç®ããŠã¿ããæ³åãã
P ( s â â
u â = 1 ) = | ( | s z = 1 > , | s â â
u â = 1 > ) | 2 {\displaystyle P({\vec {s}}\cdot {\vec {u}}=1)=|(|sz=1>,|{\vec {s}}\cdot {\vec {u}}=1>)|^{2}}
åé¡ã¯ | s â â
u â = 1 > {\displaystyle |{\vec {s}}\cdot {\vec {u}}=1>} ã ãã u â {\displaystyle {\vec {u}}} ã®æåãç座æšã§ã®æ¹å Ξ , Ï {\displaystyle \theta ,\phi } ã䜿ã ( sin Ξ cos Ï , sin Ξ sin Ï , cos Ξ ) {\displaystyle (\sin \theta \cos \phi ,\sin \theta \sin \phi ,\cos \theta )} ãšè¡šããš
s â â
u â = u x X + u y Y + u z Z = ( u z u x â i u y u x + i u y â u z ) = ( cos Ξ e â i Ï sin Ξ e i Ï sin Ξ â cos Ξ ) {\displaystyle {\vec {s}}\cdot {\vec {u}}=u_{x}X+u_{y}Y+u_{z}Z={\begin{pmatrix}u_{z}&u_{x}-iu_{y}\\u_{x}+iu_{y}&-u_{z}\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}\cos \theta &e^{-i\phi }\sin \theta \\e^{i\phi }\sin \theta &-\cos \theta \end{pmatrix}}}
ãã®åºæå€1ã®åºæãã¯ãã«(ã§èŠæ ŒåãããŠãããã®)㯠( cos Ξ 2 e i Ï sin Ξ 2 ) {\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}\cos {\frac {\theta }{2}}\\e^{i^{\phi }}\sin {\frac {\theta }{2}}\end{pmatrix}}}
ããã䜿ããšæ¬¡ãåŸãããå®éšçµæããã¡ããšåçŸããèšç®çµæãšãªãã
P ( s â â
u â = 1 ) = | ( | s z = 1 > , | s â â
u â = 1 > ) | 2 = cos 2 Ξ 2 {\displaystyle P({\vec {s}}\cdot {\vec {u}}=1)=|(|sz=1>,|{\vec {s}}\cdot {\vec {u}}=1>)|^{2}=\cos ^{2}{\frac {\theta }{2}}}
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·äœçæ§é ã«ãããªãæ®éçãªæ§è³ªãè°è«ããäžã§éèŠã§ãããçµæ¶ãæ§æããååã¯äºãã«çžäºäœçšããããæãäž»èŠãªå¹æãåãŒãã®ã¯æè¿æ¥æ Œåç¹äžã®ååã§ãããããé è·é¢ã«ããååå士ã®çžäºäœçšã¯ãããã®éã«ååšããååå士ã®çžäºäœçšãšããŠå«ããããšãã§ããããããŸã§ã§æ±ãã¹ãåé¡ã¯ããªãç°¡çŽ ã«ãªã£ãããçµæ¶ååã®éåãããã»ã©æ¿ãããã®ã§ãªãå Žåã«ã¯(æ°äœååéåè«ã®èããæŽçšããã°ããã®ç¶æ³ã¯çµæ¶å
éšã®æž©åºŠã極ããŠäœãããšã«çžåœãã)ãåååã¯åºå®ããã平衡ç¹è¿åãæ¯åããŠãããšèŠãªãããšãã§ããããã®å Žåãåå 1 〠1 ã€ã®éåã¯ç¬ç«ãªãã®ãšããŠåãæ±ãããšãã§ãã平衡ç¹è¿åã§éåããåå 1 åã®åšãã®ããã³ã·ã£ã«ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯ U {\\displaystyle U} ã¯ããã®å¹³è¡¡ç¹ãåç¹ãšããŠä»¥äžã®ããã«è¡šãããšãã§ããã",
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"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååã®åšãã®ããã³ã·ã£ã«ã¯ x , y , z {\\displaystyle x,y,z} ã® 3 æåã«å¯Ÿå¿ãã 3 ã€ã®èªç±åºŠãæã£ãŠããã ãŸãååã®éåãšãã«ã®ãŒ K {\\displaystyle K} ã¯",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã£ãŠ v x , v y , v z {\\displaystyle v_{x},v_{y},v_{z}} ã® 3 ã€ã®é床æåã«å¯Ÿå¿ãã 3 ã€ã®èªç±åºŠãæã£ãŠããããããã®éåãšãã«ã®ãŒãšããã³ã·ã£ã«ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®åã¯ä»ãç±æ¯åãããåå 1 åãæã€å
šãšãã«ã®ãŒã«å¯Ÿå¿ããååã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®èªç±åºŠã¯åãã㊠6 ãšæ°ããããšãã§ããããªããªããã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯ 3 次å
空éäžãéåããç²åã®äœçœ®ãšé床㮠6 ã€ã®ç¬ç«å€æ° x , y , z , v x , v y , v z {\\displaystyle x,y,z,v_{x},v_{y},v_{z}} ã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºå®ãããããã§ããã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€å
žçãªçµ±èšååŠã«ãããŠãå¹³è¡¡ç¶æ
ã§ã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒçåé
ã®æ³åãæãç«ã€ããšãããç¬ç«ã«æ¯åããçµæ¶ååãããªãç³»ã«ã€ããŠãèªç±åºŠ 1 ã€ã«ã€ã k T / 2 {\\displaystyle kT/2} ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãåé
ãããç³»å
šäœã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒ E {\\displaystyle E} ãšã®éã«",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããé¢ä¿ãæãç«ã€ãããã§ N {\\displaystyle N} ã¯çµæ¶å
éšã«å«ãŸããçµæ¶ååã®æ°ã§ããããŸã k â 1.38 à 10 â 23 [ J / K ] {\\displaystyle k\\simeq 1.38\\times 10^{-23}~\\mathrm {[J/K]} } ã¯ãã«ããã³å®æ°ã T {\\displaystyle T} ã¯ç±ååŠæž©åºŠã§ãã(以äžã枩床ãšã¯ç±ååŠæž©åºŠã®ããšãæããšãã)ããã«ããã³å®æ° k {\\displaystyle k} ãšã¢ãŽã©ã¬ãã宿° N A {\\displaystyle N_{\\mathrm {A} }} ã®ç©ã¯æ°äœå®æ° R {\\displaystyle R} ãäžããã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµæ¶ååã®åæ° N {\\displaystyle N} ãã¢ãŽã©ã¬ãã宿°ãçšããŠç©è³ªé n = N / N A {\\displaystyle n=N/N_{\\mathrm {A} }} ã«çœ®ãæããã°ãäžè¿°ã®é¢ä¿ã¯æ°äœå®æ°ã䜿ã£ãŠä»¥äžã®ããã«æžãçŽãããšãã§ããã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°äœå®æ°ãçšãã圢åŒã§ã¯ååæ°ãçŸããã代ããã«ç©è³ªéãšããéãå®çŸ©ãããããšã«æ³šæãããããã«ããã³å®æ°ãåºæ¬å®æ°ãšããç«å Žã§ã¯åãªã眮ãæãã«éããªãããæ°äœå®æ°ãåºæ¬å®æ°ãšããå Žåããã«ããã³å®æ°ãçšãã圢åŒãäžããã«ã¯ååã®ååšããããããŸã«èªããå¿
èŠãããã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµæ¶ã®1ã¢ã«åœããã®ç±å®¹é C {\\displaystyle C} ã¯ã枩床å€åã«å¯Ÿãããšãã«ã®ãŒã®å¢æžã®å²åãå
šäœã®ç©è³ªéã§å²ã£ããã®ã«çžåœããããã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããããã¯åžžæž© ( T ⌠300 [ K ] {\\displaystyle T\\sim 300~\\mathrm {[K]} } ) ã§ã®çµæ¶ã®æ¯ç±ã®æž¬å®å€ã«äžèŽããããã®æ¯ç±ã¯æž©åºŠäŸåæ§ããªããåžžæž©ã®åºäœã®ã¢ã«æ¯ç±ãã»ãšãã©äžå®ã§ããããšã瀺ããåºäœã®ã¢ã«æ¯ç±ãåžžæž©ã§äžå®ã®å€ãåããšããæ³åã¯ãã¥ãã³=ããã£ã®æ³å (Dulong-Petit law) ãšåŒã°ããããã¥ãã³ãšããã£ã¯ãã®æ³åãå€ãã®ç©è³ªã«ã€ããŠè¯ãç²ŸåºŠã§æãç«ã€ããšãå®éšçã«çºèŠãã人ç©ã§ããã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¥ãã³=ããã£ã®æ³åãæãç«ã€ãããªç³»ã«ã€ããŠãåžžæž©ããé¥ãã«äœæž©ã®é åã«ãããŠãæ¯ç±ãäžå®ã§ããããšãäºæ³ãããããå®éšã«ããäœæž©é åã§ã¯æ¯ç±ã¯ 0 ã«åæããããšã瀺åããçµæãåŸãããŠãããäœæž©é åã§ã®æ¯ç±ã®æž©åºŠäŸåæ§ããã³æ¯ç±ã®å€ã¯ãã¥ãã³=ããã£ã®æ³åããå€ããããšãç¥ãããŠããã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»®ã«æ¯åæ°ã Μ {\\displaystyle \\nu } ã®èª¿åæ¯ååã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯ h Μ {\\displaystyle h\\nu } ã®æŽæ°å n h Μ {\\displaystyle nh\\nu } ããåããªããšãã(ãã ã n {\\displaystyle n} ã¯è² ã§ãªããšãã)ãçµæ¶å
éšã® N {\\displaystyle N} åã®ååãããããæ¯åæ° Μ {\\displaystyle \\nu } ã®èª¿åæ¯ååãšèŠãªããããšãä»®å®ããå
šéšã§ 3 N {\\displaystyle 3N} ã®èªç±åºŠãæã€ 1 次å
èª¿åæ¯ååã®éãŸããšããã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããšãæç±çæ³æ°äœã§ãåååã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãè¡çªãªã©ã«ããå€åããããã«(æ°äœå
šäœã®å
šãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯äžå®)ãåºäœã®åæ¯ååã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã 0 , h Μ , 2 h Μ , 3 h Μ , ... {\\displaystyle 0,h\\nu ,2h\\nu ,3h\\nu ,\\dots } ãšããé£ã³é£ã³ã®å€ãç§»ãå€ãã£ãŠãããšããã ãã㊠3 N {\\displaystyle 3N} åã®æ¯ååã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®å¹³åå€ã¯ãä»®ã«äžèšã®ããã«ããã«ããã³å åã䜿ã£ãŠèšç®ã§ããã¯ããã ãšä»®å®ãã(â» ãã«ããã³å åã«ã€ããŠåãããªããã°ãèšäºãé«çåŠæ ¡ååŠII/ååŠåå¿ã®éããã®åå¿é床è«ã§ã®èª¬æ(髿 ¡~倧åŠåçŽã¬ãã«)ããŸãã¯èšäºãçµ±èšååŠI ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éåãã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãªã³ã°ã®å
¬åŒãçšããçµ±èšååŠã¢ãã«ã«ãã説æ(倧åŠäžçŽ~)ãåç
§ãçµ±èšååŠçã«ã¯ä»ã«ããã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¥ã®æªå®ä¹æ°æ³ãçšããŠãã«ããã³å åã®å°å
¥ãè¡ãæ¹æ³ããã)ã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1åã®æ¯ååããšãã«ã®ãŒ ε n = n h Μ {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{n}=nh\\nu } ããšã確çã Pr ( n ) {\\displaystyle \\operatorname {Pr} (n)} ãšãããã®ç¢ºçããã«ããã³å åã«æ¯äŸãããšããã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®é¢æ°ãéåžžã®æå³ã®ç¢ºçã§ããããã«ã¯ããã¹ãŠã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒç¶æ
ã«ã€ããŠã®åã 1 ã«èŠæ ŒåãããŠããå¿
èŠããããããæ¯äŸä¿æ°ã® Z {\\displaystyle Z} ã¯ã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããªããã°ãªããªã(ãªãããã®Zã®ãããªéåçµ±èšèšç®ã®èŠæ Œåã®ããã®é¢æ°ã®ããšããåé
ä¿æ°ããŸãã¯ãç¶æ
åããšãã)ããã®ãšã確ç Pr ( n ) {\\displaystyle \\operatorname {Pr} (n)} ã¯",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã( exp ( â
) {\\displaystyle \\exp(\\cdot )} ã¯ææ°é¢æ°)ããšãã«ã®ãŒã®æåŸ
å€ âš Îµ â© {\\displaystyle \\langle \\varepsilon \\rangle } ã¯ã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šãããšãã§ãããããã§ãã«ããã³å®æ°ãšæž©åºŠã®ç©ã®éæ°ã β = ( k T ) â 1 {\\displaystyle \\beta =(kT)^{-1}} ãšã(ããã¯é枩床ãšåŒã°ãã)ããšãã«ã®ãŒã®æåŸ
å€ãéæž©åºŠ β {\\displaystyle \\beta } ã«é¢ãã埮åãçšããŠè¡šãã°ã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããã§å
·äœçã«å³èŸºã®å¯Ÿæ°ãèšç®ããã°ãçæ¯çŽæ°ã®åã®å
¬åŒãçšããŠã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãçŽãããããçµå±ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®æåŸ
å€ã¯",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šãããšãã§ããã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åç¯ã§åŸãèª¿åæ¯ååã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®æåŸ
å€ã«ã€ããŠãèª¿åæ¯ååã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒéå h Μ {\\displaystyle h\\nu } ã«æãã颿°",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã©ã³ã¯ååžãšåŒã¶ã枩床ããšãã«ã®ãŒéåã®å€§ããã«æ¯ã¹ãŠå
åå°ããå Žåã k T ⪠h Μ {\\displaystyle kT\\ll h\\nu } ãã 1 ⪠β h Μ {\\displaystyle 1\\ll \\beta h\\nu } ãšããé¢ä¿ãæãç«ã¡ããã©ã³ã¯ååžã¯ã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããåœ¢ã«æŒžè¿ããã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãã©ã³ã¯ååžãå©çšããŠãçµæ¶å
éšã®æ¯ç±ãåŸãããšãèãããçµæ¶ãç¬ç«ãªèª¿åæ¯ååã®éãŸããšèŠãªãæãç°¡åãªå Žåã«ã€ããŠãçµæ¶å
šäœã®å
éšãšãã«ã®ãŒãããããã®èª¿åæ¯ååã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒæåŸ
å€ã®åã«ã»ãšãã©çããããšããã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šãããšãã§ããããã®å Žåãçµæ¶ååã«å¯Ÿããæ¯ç±å®¹éã¯ã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããã®æ¯ç±ã®äœæž©é åã§ã®æ¯ãèãã¯ã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã0 ãžåæãããšããç¹ã§äœæž©é åã«ãããåºäœæ¯ç±ã®æ¯ãèããšåèŽããã髿ž©é åã«ãããŠ(ããã§ãã髿ž©ãšã¯èª¿åæ¯ååã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒéåã«å¯ŸããŠã§ãããåºäœã®èç¹æž©åºŠã«æ¯ã¹ãã°äŸç¶äœæž©ã§ãã)ãæ¯ç±ã¯",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã髿ž©é åã®æ¯ç±ã«ã€ããŠãååæ¯ç± c {\\displaystyle c} ãå®ç©ã¢ã«æ¯ç± C {\\displaystyle C} ã«çŽããšã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããããã¯ãã¥ãã³=ããã£ã®æ³åã«äžèŽãããã€ãŸãããšãã«ã®ãŒã®éååãšããæé ãèžãããšã§äœæž©é åã®æž©åºŠäŸåæ§ãåçŸãã€ã€ãåžžæž©ã§ã¯ãã¥ãã³=ããã£ã®æ³åã«æŒžè¿ãããããªååžãåŸãããããšã«ãªãã",
"title": "å€å
žããã³éåçµ±èšååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããã¯ããç©ççãªå®æ°ãæã€ããšãéåååŠçã«ã©ã®ãããªæå³ãæã€ãã«ã€ããŠèãããç©ççãªå®æ°ãšã¯äŸãã°ãããç©äœã®æã€äœçœ®ãéåéã®ããšã§ãããå€å
žååŠã§ã¯ããç©äœã®ç©ççãªç¶æ
ã¯äœçœ®ãéåéãªã©ãæå®ããããšã«ãã£ãŠåŸãããšãåºæ¥ããããã®éã«ç¹å¥ãªé¢ä¿ã¯ç¡ãã£ãããããã¯ããããã®å€ãé©åœã«åã£ãŠãããéã§ãã£ãã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåååŠçã«ãããç©äœã®ç©ççç¶æ
ãå®ããéã¯ååšããŠããããã®ãããªéãå®ããããšã§ç©äœãã©ã®ãããªç¶æ
ã«ããããæå®ããããšãåºæ¥ããåé¡ãªã®ã¯ãããå Žåã«ãããŠãããã®éã«ç¹æ®ãªé¢ä¿ãããããããããã®éãä»»æã«éžã¶ããšãåºæ¥ãªããªãããšã§ãããéèŠãªäŸãšããŠãããç©äœã®äœçœ®ãšéåéã¯åæã«å®ããããšãåºæ¥ãªãããã®ããšã¯ãå€å
žçã«ã¯äœçœ®ãšéåéã«ã€ããŠãéåéãç©äœã®äœçœ®ãåãã埮å°å€æã«é¢ããä¿åéã«ãªã£ãŠããããšã«ããããã®ããšã«ã€ããŠã¯è§£æååŠã®ããŒã¿ãŒã®å®çã詳ããã®ã§ã詳现ãç¥ããããã°åç
§ããããšããããéåååŠã«ãããŠã¯ãéåéã¯ãã£ããŠåãªã芳念äžã®éã§ã¯ãªããç©è³ªæ³¢ã®æ³¢é·ã«é¢ããå®åšçãªéã§ããããšããäºãéèŠã§ããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãè§£æååŠã®ç¥èãæŽçšããŠãããç©äœã®æã€ãšãã«ã®ãŒEãå€å
žçã«ããã«ããã¢ã³Hãšããéã§è¡šããããããšãçšããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãããç©ççãªç¶æ
ã®å
šãŠãæ°ãäžãããããšããŠãããã®ç¶æ
å
šäœã§åŒµããããã¯ãã«ãåããéåžžãããç©äœãæã€ç©ççãªç¶æ
ã¯ç¡æ°ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãæã¡ããã®ãããªæäœã¯äžå¯èœã«æãããå®éãã®ããšã¯éåååŠã®çºå±ã®åæã«å€§ããªæ°åŠçãªåé¡ãšãªã£ããããããçŸåšã§ã¯ãã¯ãã«ã®å
ç©ã®åãæ¹ãªã©ã工倫ããããšã§ããã®æ§ãªäœæ¥ãå®éå¯èœã§ããããšã瀺ãããŠããã詳ããã¯w:ãã«ãã«ã空éãªã©ãåç
§ã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«å
šãŠã®ç©ççç¶æ
ãæ°ãäžãããããšãããšãããããã®ç¶æ
ã¯ãããšãã«ã®ãŒãæã£ãç¶æ
ãšããŠååšãããäŸãã°ãããç¶æ
Ï 1 {\\displaystyle \\psi _{1}} ããšãã«ã®ãŒ E 1 {\\displaystyle E_{1}} ãæã£ãŠãããšãããæ°åŠçã«ã¯ãã®æ§ãªç¶æ
ã¯ããè¡å H ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}} ãçšããŠ",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šããããããã§ã H ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}} ã¯ãå
šãŠã®æ°ãäžããããç©ççãªç¶æ
ã1ã€ã®åºåºãšããŠæã€ãããªè¡åãšããŠèããããŠãããæŽã« H ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}} ã¯ãããããã®ç©ççç¶æ
ã«å¯ŸããŠå¯Ÿè§åãããŠããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã©ã®å
šãŠã®ç©ççç¶æ
ã«å¯ŸããŠå¯Ÿå¿ãããšãã«ã®ãŒ E 1 {\\displaystyle E_{1}} , E 2 {\\displaystyle E_{2}} , E 3 {\\displaystyle E_{3}} ãªã©ãè¿ããã®ãšããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªè¡å H ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}} ã¯ãå®éã«ãããšãã«ã®ãŒãæã€ç¶æ
ãšããŠã¯ãå€å
žçãªèãæ¹ãšå€åããããšã¯ç¡ãããªããªãã H ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}} ã¯ãå€å
žçã«èããŠããååŠç³»ã®äžã«ååšããç©äœãæã€ãšèãããããšãã«ã®ãŒå€ãå
šãŠæã£ãŠãããã®ãšèããããšãåºæ¥ãããã§ããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããä»®ã«å
šãŠã®éåçç¶æ
ããšãã«ã®ãŒãšããéã ãã§ç¹å®ãããã®ãªãã°ãããååŠç³»ãåãåŸããšãã«ã®ãŒãå
šãŠå®ããããšãéåçç¶æ
ãå
šãŠæ±ããããšã«ãªãããããŸã§ã®è°è«ãããæ°åŠçãªçšèªãçšããŠãŸãšãããšãåºãŠæ¥ãéã§ H ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}} ã¯å
šãŠã®ç©ççãªç¶æ
ã«ãã£ãŠåŒµãããè¡åã§ããç©ççãªç¶æ
ã衚ãã Ï {\\displaystyle \\psi } ã¯ã H ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}} ããããããšã«ãã£ãŠEåããããããªãã¯ãã«ã§ããã®ã§ã H ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}} ã®åºæãã¯ãã«ã§ãããšèããããããã®ãšããšãã«ã®ãŒEã¯ãåºæå€æ¹çšåŒ",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åºæå€ã§ããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŸã§ã®ããšã§ãããããã®éåçç¶æ
ã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒãšãããã 1ã€ã®éã§å®å
šã«åºå¥ãããããšãä»®å®ããŠæ¥ããå®éã«ã¯ãã®ããšã¯å¿
ãããæ£ãããªãããã2ã€ã®éåçç¶æ
ãçãããšãã«ã®ãŒãæã£ãŠããããšãããããã®æã«ã¯ãåã
ã®éåçç¶æ
ã¯äºãã«åºå¥ããããšãåºæ¥ãªããããããããç¶æ
ãæã£ãŠããéåæ°ã¯éåžžãšãã«ã®ãŒã ãã¯ãªããäœçœ®ãéåéãè§éåéãªã©ãå«ãŸããŠããããã®ãããªéãçšããŠãããã®éãåºå¥ããããšãåºæ¥ãããã®ãšãããšãã«ã®ãŒã®å Žåãšåæ§äœçœ®xãéåépãªã©ãéåçç¶æ
ã«ãã£ãŠåŒµããããè¡åãã®ãããªç©ãšãªãããšãäºæ³ããã(ãäœçšçŽ ããšããã)ãããã§ã¯ãããããã®è¡åã«ã€ã㊠x ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {x}}} , p ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {p}}} ãªã©ãçšããŠè¡åãšããã§ãªãéãåºå¥ããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(*泚æ è¡åã§ããããéãq-numberãè¡åã§ããããªãéãc-numberãšåŒã¶ããšããã)",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŸã§ã§äœçœ®xãšéåépãè¡åã§ããããããšãåãã£ãã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã以åã®äž»åŒµã§ãããéåè«ã§ããç©äœã®äœçœ®ãšéåéãåæã«å®ããããšãåºæ¥ãªããšããããšãçšããããšãã«ã®ãŒã®æã«ã¯ãç©äœã®ç©çéãå®ããããšã¯å¯Ÿå¿ããç©çéã衚ããè¡åã察è§åã§ããããšã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããããã®ããšãçšãããšãç©äœã®2ã€ã®ç©çéãåæã«å®ããããªããšãã䞻匵ã¯å¯Ÿå¿ãã2ã€ã®ç©çéãåæã«å¯Ÿè§åãããããªåºåºã®åŒµãæ¿ãæ¹ãååšããªãããšã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããå®éã«æ°åŠçãªèšç®ãããããšã§",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºãã2ã€ã®è¡åA,Bã«ã€ããŠã¯ããããåæã«å¯Ÿè§åãããããªåºåºãåããããšãç¥ãããããã®ããšã¯äœçœ®ãšéåéã衚ããè¡åã«ã€ããŠ",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ããšã瀺ããŠãããããã§ããã®çµæããŸãšããããã«ããã2ã€ã®è¡åA,Bã«å¯ŸããŠãããã®äº€æå [ A , B ] {\\displaystyle [A,B]} ãã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§å®çŸ©ãããæ§è³ª",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«æ³šæããã®ãšãããã®èšå·ãçšãããšäœçœ®ãšéåéã«é¢ããŠ",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ãå®éã«ã¯å®éšçã«ã x ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {x}}} ãš p ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {p}}} ã®äº€æåã«é¢ããŠ",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ããšãç¥ãããŠãããããã§ã ħ {\\displaystyle \\hbar } ã¯ãw:ãã©ã³ã¯å®æ°ãšåŒã°ãåäœã¯ [ J â
s ] {\\displaystyle [J\\cdot s]} ã§äžãããããããã§ãã©ã³ã¯å®æ°ã¯ããããŠå°ããæ°ã§ãããxãpãããçšåºŠå€§ããéãæã€ãããªéåã«ã€ããŠã¯äžã®æ¹çšåŒã®å³èŸºã¯0ãšçãããã®ãšããŠæ±ã£ãŠããããã®ãšãã«ã¯xãšpã¯äº€æå¯èœã§ããã2ã€ã®éãåæã«å®ããããšãåºæ¥ãããã®ããšã¯å€å
žååŠã§ã¯2ã€ã®éãåæã«å®ããããšãå¯èœã§ããããšã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠãããäžã®ãããªx,pã®äº€æé¢ä¿ãå€å
žååŠãšããé©åããŠããããšãåããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŸã§ã§éåçãªç¶æ
Ï {\\displaystyle \\psi } ã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åºææ¹çšåŒã§äžããããããšãåãããxãšpã«ã¯",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®äº€æé¢ä¿ãååšããããšãåãã£ããå®éã«ã¯xãšpã«ã€ããŠäžã®ãããªäº€æé¢ä¿ãæºãããããªè¡åãçšæããããšã¯ãã°ãã°å°é£ã§ããããã®å°é£ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°åŠçææ³ãšããŠããã«ãã«ã空éã®1ã€ãšããŠw:颿°ç©ºéãååšããããšããããããã颿°ç©ºéãšã¯ãã倿°ã«é¢ãã颿°ããã¯ãã«ãšããŠåãææ³ã§ããããã®ãšãããã¯ãã«ã®åã¯é¢æ°ã®åã§è¡šãããããã¯ãã«ã®å
ç©ã¯é©åœãªç¯å²ã§ã®é¢æ°ã®ç©åãçšããã詳ããã¯w:颿°ç©ºéãåç
§ã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªä»æ¹ã§è¡åãšãã¯ãã«ãåããšããåºæç¶æ
ã§ãã Ï {\\displaystyle \\psi } ã¯ãã倿°ã®é¢æ°ãšãªããããã«ããã x ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {x}}} , p ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {p}}} , H ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}} ãªã©ã®è¡åã¯ãã®é¢æ°ã«ããããªãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒãšããŠè¡šããããããªãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã®åãæ¹ã¯å
ã®é¢æ°ã«ãã颿°ããããããå
ã®é¢æ°ã埮åããããšæ§ã
ã ããäžã®äº€æé¢ä¿ãæºãããããªæ¹æ³ã¯ãäŸãã°ãxã«ã€ããŠ",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããç®ã察å¿ãããpã«å¯ŸããŠã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã察å¿ãããããšãããããããäžæ¹ã pã«ã€ããŠ",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããç®ã察å¿ãããxã«å¯ŸããŠã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããŠãåæ§ã®çµæãåŸãããããšãç¥ãããŠãããxãšpãäºãã«å
¥ãæãå¯èœã§ãããšããè§£æååŠã®çµæã«é©åããŠããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»®ã«èªç±ã«åã質émã®ç²åãèãããšã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«å¯ŸããŠ",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã察å¿ããããšãåããããã®ãšãäžã®åºææ¹çšåŒã¯",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã Ï ( x ) {\\displaystyle \\psi (x)} ã«é¢ãã2éåŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã«ãªããããã§ããEã®ããã«æªç¥æ°ãå«ãŸããŠãã圢ã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒãç¹ã«åºæé¢æ°æ¹çšåŒãšåŒã¶ããšãããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŸã§ã§ãéåçãªç¶æ
ãèšç®ããææ³ã1ã€åŸãããããŸããããå€å
žçãªããã«ããã¢ã³ãéžã³ãããã«å¯ŸããŠ",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®çœ®ãæãããããããã«ã€ããŠ",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒãè§£ãã察å¿ããåŸ®åæ¹çšåŒãè§£ãããšã§ãéåçç¶æ
ãèšç®ãããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãæåŸã®åºæå€æ¹çšåŒãæéã«äŸåããªãã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒ (time-independent Schrödinger equation) ãšåŒã¶ãåŸã«éåååŠã«ãããæéçºå±ã®æ¹çšåŒãæ±ããããã®åç§°ã¯ãããšæ¯èŒããŠã®ããšã§ããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1次å
ã®ç³»ã§è³ªémã®ç©äœãã 0 < x < a {\\displaystyle 0<x<a} ã§ã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºããã x < 0 {\\displaystyle x<0} , a < x {\\displaystyle a<x} ã§ã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºãããšããããã®ãšãã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒãè§£ããŠããã®ç³»ã«å¯Ÿããæ³¢å颿°ãæ±ããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŸã«æ³¢å颿°ã0ã§ç¡ãå°ç¹ã§ã¯ãç©äœãèŠã€ããå¯èœæ§ãããããšã解説ããã ããã§ã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®å°ç¹ã§ç²åãèŠã€ãã£ãŠããŸããšããã®å°ç¹ã§ç²åã¯ç¡éã«å€§ãããšãã«ã®ãŒãæã£ãŠããããšã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãããç¡éã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãšãããããªããšã¯èãã¥ããã®ã§ãããã§ã¯ã x < 0 {\\displaystyle x<0} , a < x {\\displaystyle a<x} ã§æ³¢å颿° Ï {\\displaystyle \\psi } ã¯ã0ãšãªãããšã«ããããŸããéåè«ã§ããçšãããã颿°ç©ºéã®èŠè«ã«ãããæ³¢å颿°ã¯é£ç¶ã§ããããšãå¿
èŠãšãªãããã®ããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãå¿
èŠãšãªããããŠããã®ãšãã®ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã¯ 0 < x < a {\\displaystyle 0<x<a} ã§ã V(x)=0ããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããšãåãããããããæºãã Ï ( x ) {\\displaystyle \\psi (x)} ã¯",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããããšãåããããã ããA,Bã¯ä»»æã®å®æ°ã§ããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããæŽã«ã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãçšãããšã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããB = 0ãåããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããnãä»»æã®æŽæ°ãšããŠã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããã£ãŠãããããã®æŽæ°nã«å¯ŸããŠæ³¢å颿° Ï n ( x ) {\\displaystyle \\psi _{n}(x)} ã¯",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããããã ãã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããããŸããäžã§æ³¢å颿°ã®åã®ä»»æå®æ°ããã®ãŸãŸã«ããããããã¯é¢æ°ç©ºéã§ã¯é¢æ°ãã®ãã®ããã¯ãã«ã§ãããããã®å®æ°åã¯ãã¯ãã«ã®æ§è³ªãå€ããªãããšãããã®ãŸãŸã«æ®ãããã®ã§ããããã ããåŸã«åããéããæ³¢å颿°ã®èŠæ Œåãèãããšããã®å®æ°ã¯1éãã«æ±ºãŸãããšã瀺ãããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŽã«ããã®ç³»ã«ãããŠç²åãæã€ããšãåºæ¥ããšãã«ã®ãŒ E n {\\displaystyle E_{n}} ãã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãè§£ãããšã§åŸãããšãåºæ¥ããçãã¯ã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããããæŽæ°nã«å¯ŸããŠ",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«æ¯äŸãããšãã«ã®ãŒãæã€ããã«ãªãããã®ããã«éåçãªç³»ãåãåŸããšãã«ã®ãŒã®ããšããšãã«ã®ãŒæºäœãšåŒã¶ããšãããã",
"title": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã§æ³¢å颿°ãèšç®ããæ¹æ³ãåŸããããã§ã¯ãæ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ªã«ã€ããŠèãããäžã§ã¯ããéåè«çãªç¶æ
ããã¯ãã«ãšèŠãŠãããéåååŠã®æŒç®åããããã«ãã£ãŠåŒµãããè¡åãšããŠæ±ã£ããããã§ã¯äžè¬çã«ããéåè«çãªç¶æ
ãããããã代衚ããéåè«çãªéiãçšããŠ",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžããåŸã«è¿°ã¹ãããéãããã®èšæ³ã¯ãã©ã±ããèšæ³ãšåŒã°ããå
ã¯w:ãã£ã©ãã¯ã«ãããã®ã§ãããããã§ãéåè«çãªç¶æ
ãå®ããiã®ãããªéããã®ç¶æ
ã®éåæ°ãšåŒã¶ãäŸãã°ãç¡é倧ã®ããã³ã·ã£ã«ã«ãã£ãŠæçžãããŠããç²åã§ã¯æŽæ°nãéåæ° ãšãªã£ãŠãããäžè¬ã«ã¯éåæ°ã¯æŽæ°ã®ãããªé¢æ£çãªéã§ããå Žåãä»»æã®å®æ°ã§äžããããé£ç¶çãªéã§ããããšãããã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãããç¶æ
| i > {\\displaystyle |i>} ãšããããšç°ãªãç¶æ
| j > {\\displaystyle |j>} ãåãããã ãããããã®ç¶æ
ã¯ããã«ããã¢ã³æŒç®åã®ãäºãã«ç°ãªã£ãåºæå€ãæã€åºæãã¯ãã«ã§ãããšãããããã§ãããã«ããã¢ã³ã®åºæå€ã¯å¿
ã宿°ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãããšãåããããªããªããããã§ãªããšãã«ã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒãèæ°ã«ãªããããªéåè«çç¶æ
ãååšããããšã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãããã§ãããäžè¬ã«ãè€çŽ æ°ã®è¡åèŠçŽ ãæã£ãŠãããããããã®åºæå€ã宿°ã«ãªãè¡åã®çš®é¡ãšããŠããšã«ããŒãè¡åãããããã(ãšã«ããŒãè¡åã«ã€ããŠã¯ç©çæ°åŠIãåç
§)ãããã§ã¯ãããã«ããã¢ã³ã¯ãšã«ããŒãè¡åã§äžãããããã®ãšãããäžè¬ã«éåè«ã®æŒç®åã¯éåžžãšã«ããŒãæŒç®åã§ããã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŽã«ããããšã«ããŒãè¡åã«å¯ŸããŠãã®è¡åã¯å¿
ã察è§åããããã®åºæãã¯ãã«ã¯äºãã«çŽäº€ããããšãç¥ãããŠããããã®çµæãçšãããšããšã«ããŒãæŒç®åã§ããããã«ããã¢ã³ã®åºæãã¯ãã«ã§ãã | i > {\\displaystyle |i>} ãš | j > {\\displaystyle |j>} ã¯ãäºãã«çŽäº€ããããšãç¥ããããæŽã«ãããããã®ç¶æ
ã®é·ããé©åã«å€æŽããããšã§ãä»»æã®ç¶æ
| i > {\\displaystyle |i>} , | j > {\\displaystyle |j>} ã«ã€ããŠãããã®å
ç©ã ÎŽ i j {\\displaystyle \\delta _{ij}} ãšããããšãåºæ¥ãã ÎŽ i j {\\displaystyle \\delta _{ij}} ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãç©çæ°åŠIãåç
§ãããã§ãç¶æ
ã®é·ãã調æŽããããšãéåç¶æ
ã®èŠæ ŒåãšåŒã¶ããã ããæ
£ç¿çã«ç¶æ
| i > {\\displaystyle |i>} , | j > {\\displaystyle |j>} ã®å
ç©ã¯ < i | j > {\\displaystyle <i|j>} ã®ããã«æžãããšãå€ãããã®èšæ³ãçšãããšãä»»æã® | i > {\\displaystyle |i>} , | j > {\\displaystyle |j>} ã«å¯ŸããŠã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ãããã§ãããç¶æ
| i > {\\displaystyle |i>} ãšããã«å¯Ÿå¿ããæ³¢å颿°f(x)ã®é¢ä¿ãã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§åããããã§ã | x > {\\displaystyle |x>} ã¯å¯Ÿå¿ããç²åãã¡ããã©xã§è¡šããããç¹ã«ããç¶æ
ã§ããããã®èšæ³ã¯ã颿°ç©ºéã®å
ç©ã®å®çŸ©ãšãäžã§è¿°ã¹ãéåè«çç¶æ
ã®å
ç©ã®å®çŸ©ãæŽåçã«ããããšãåããããã®ããšãè¿°ã¹ãããã«ãŸãã颿°ç©ºéã®å
ç©ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æãããããã§ã¯ãäžè¬çã«æ³¢å颿°ãããè€çŽ é¢æ°ã§ãããšããŠèããã颿°ç©ºéã®æ§è³ªã«ãããšããå
f(x),g(x)ã颿°ç©ºéã®å
ãšãããšããããç©å â« {\\displaystyle \\int } ãååšããŠã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãå
f(x),g(x)ã®å
ç©ãšåŒã¶ãããã§ãxã«ã€ããŠã®ç©åã®ç¯å²ã¯ã â â < x < â {\\displaystyle -\\infty <x<\\infty } ãšããããã ããç¡é倧ã®ããã³ã·ã£ã«ãããå Žåã®ããã«ãæ³¢å颿°ã0ãšãªãç¯å²ã«ã€ããŠã¯ç©åããªããŠãããããã®ãšãã«ã¯ç©åç¯å²ã¯ããçãç¯å²ã«ãªãã®ã§ãããããã§ãäžã®èšæ³ãçšãããš",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããããã§ã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãŸãã < i | x >< x | j > {\\displaystyle <i|x><x|j>} ã¯ãä»»æã®xã«ã€ããŠããšããš | j > {\\displaystyle |j>} ã®ç¶æ
ã«ãã£ãç²åããxã§è¡šããããç¹ãééã㊠| i > {\\displaystyle |i>} ã®ç¶æ
ã«å€åããããšã衚ãããŠãããããã§ãäžã§ã¯å
šãŠã®xã«ã€ããŠãã®çµæãè¶³ãåãããŠããã®ã§ãçµå±ããã®çµæã¯ã | j > {\\displaystyle |j>} ã®ç¶æ
ã«ãã£ãç²åãã | i > {\\displaystyle |i>} ã®ç¶æ
ã«å€åããããšæ¹æ³ã®å
šãŠãã€ãããŠãããšèããã®ã§ãããäžã§åŸã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ãããªè¡šåŒã¯ãã¯ãã«ã®å®å
šæ§ãšåŒã°ãããã®ããšé »ç¹ã«ã§ãŠããæ§è³ªã§ãããç¹ã«ããšã«ããŒãæŒç®åã«å¯ŸããŠã¯å¯Ÿå¿ããåºæãã¯ãã«ãå®å
šæ§ã®èŠè«ãæºããããšãç¥ãããŠããããããšã«ããŒãæŒç®åã®åºæãã¯ãã« | i > {\\displaystyle |i>} ã«å¯ŸããŠã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãç¥ãããŠãããããããç¹ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããã¯ãã«ãç¡éåãããšãã«ã¯ãã®æ§è³ªã®æ°åŠçãªèšŒæã¯é£ããå Žåãå€ãã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠãäžã®ããšããåããéãã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã£ãŠãéåè«çãã¯ãã«ã®æ£èŠåãšå¯Ÿå¿ãããããã«ãæ³¢å颿°ã®é·ããã1ã€ã«å®ããå¿
èŠãããããšãåããããã®æ¡ä»¶ã¯å
šãŠã®æ³¢å颿° Ï ( x ) {\\displaystyle \\psi (x)} ã«å¯ŸããŠã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããããšã§æºããããããã®ããšãæ³¢å颿°ã®æ£èŠåãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŸã§ã§ç²åãã©ã®ç¶æ
ã«ããã®ããæå®ããæ¹æ³ãåãã£ããããããã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®åºæç¶æ
㯠| i > {\\displaystyle |i>} ãªã©ã®è¡šç€ºã§è¡šãããããããã®éã¯ã©ãã察å¿ããæ³¢å颿°ãæã€ã®ã§ããããã ãããããã®éã¯ã©ããæ£èŠåãããŠããªããã°ãªããªããæ¬¡ã«ç²åãããç¶æ
ã«ãããšãã«ãç²åãå®éã«ã©ã®äœçœ®ã«ããã®ããç¥ãæ¹æ³ãèãããããã§ããäœçœ®ãšã¯å€å
žçãªåº§æšã®æå³ã§ããã ãããšãã«ã®ãŒåºæå€ãæã£ãç¶æ
ã«ããç²åãå€å
žçã«èŠããšãã«ã¯ã©ã®äœçœ®ã§çºèŠãããã®ããšããæå³ã§ãããä»®ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããšãã«ã®ãŒã®åºæç¶æ
ãå¶ç¶äœçœ®ã®æŒç®åã«å¯ŸããŠãåºæãã¯ãã«ãšãªã£ãŠãããšãããšããã®ç¶æ
ã¯äœçœ®ã®æŒç®åã«å¯ŸããŠãã 1ã€ã®å€ãæã€ããããã®ç¶æ
ã«ããç²åãçºèŠãããäœçœ®ã¯æ±ºå®ããŠãããäžæ¹ãä»®ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããšãã«ã®ãŒã®åºæç¶æ
ãäœçœ®ã®æŒç®åã«å¯ŸããŠåºæãã¯ãã«ãšãªã£ãŠããªãã£ããšãããšããã®ãšãã«ãã®ç²åã¯æ§ã
ãªäœçœ®ã§çºèŠãããããã«æãããå®éå®éšçãªçµæã¯ãã®ãšããã§ãããããäœçœ®ã®åºæç¶æ
ã§ãªãç¶æ
ã«ãããšããã®ç©äœã¯äœçœ®ã®æŒç®åãå€ãåãåŸãäœçœ®å
šäœã§èŠã€ãã確çãããããããŠãå®éã«ã©ã®äœçœ®ã«ãããã¯å®éã«èŠ³æž¬ãããŠã¿ããŸã§ã¯ãç¥ãããšãåºæ¥ãªãã®ã§ããããã®ããšã¯å
šãäžæè°ãªçµæã§ããããäŸãã°éåè«çãªã€ã³ã°ã®å®éšãªã©ã«ãããŠãã®çµæã¯ç¢ºãã«ç¢ºèªãããŠããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ããããšãã«ã®ãŒã®åºæç¶æ
| i > {\\displaystyle |i>} ããããäœçœ®ã«çºèŠãããŠãã®äœçœ®ã«ããããšã確å®ããŠããç¶æ
ã«ç§»è¡ããéçšã¯ã察å¿ããäœçœ®ãxãšãããšã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããããšãäºæ³ãããããããããã®å€ã¯ã¡ããã©ããåºæç¶æ
ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããæ³¢å颿°f(x)ã§ãã£ãã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããšãããæ³¢å颿°f(x)ã¯å¯Ÿå¿ãããšãã«ã®ãŒã®åºæç¶æ
ã«ããç²åãããå Žæxã«çºèŠãããäœçœ®ã«èŠã€ããéçšã«ã€ããŠé¢ä¿ããŠããããšãããããå®éã«ã¯æŽã«ããã®éã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ã2ä¹ããéããã¡ããã©ãã®å¯Ÿå¿ããç¶æ
ã«ããç²åããã®äœçœ®ã«èŠã€ãã確çãšãªã£ãŠããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããã®éã¯ã¡ããã©",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããŠãæ³¢å颿°ã®æ£èŠåãè¡ãªã£ãéã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããããã®ããšã¯P(x)ã確çã衚ããéãšããŠæ±ãããã®æ¡ä»¶ãšãé©åããŠããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ³¢å颿°f(x)ãã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžãããããšããããã®ãšããããç¹xã§ç²åãçºèŠããã確çãèšç®ããããŸãããã®æ³¢å颿°ãæ£ããæ£èŠåãããŠããããšã瀺ãã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããç¹xã§ç²åãçºèŠããã確çP(x)ã«ã€ããŠã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ããšãçšããã°ããããã£ãŠã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããæŽã«ãã¬ãŠã¹ç©åãçšããŠ",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãçšãããšã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããæ£ããæ£èŠåããªãããŠããããšãåãããã¬ãŠã¹ç©åã«ã€ããŠã¯ ç©çæ°åŠIãåç
§ã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éã«ã¯ããç¶æ
| a > {\\displaystyle |a>} ããããç¶æ
| b > {\\displaystyle |b>} ã«ç§»è¡ãã確çã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããããšã¯ãããšãã«ã®ãŒã®åºæç¶æ
ãããäœçœ®ã«ç§»è¡ããå Žåã ãã«ãšã©ãŸãããããåºãå Žåã«ããŠã¯ãŸããç¹ã«äžã®å Žåã«ã€ããŠ",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãaããbãžã®ç¢ºçæ¯å¹
ãšåŒã¶ãæ³¢å颿°ã¯å¯Ÿå¿ãããšãã«ã®ãŒã®åºæç¶æ
ããããäœçœ®ã§è¡šããããç¶æ
ãžã®ç¢ºçæ¯å¹
ãšãããã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äºãã«çŽäº€ããç¶æ
| 1 > {\\displaystyle |1>} , | 2 > {\\displaystyle |2>} , | 3 > {\\displaystyle |3>} ãããã ãã®ãšãã (I) | 1 > {\\displaystyle |1>} (II)",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(III)",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(IV) | 2 > {\\displaystyle |2>} ã§äžããããéåç¶æ
ãšç¶æ
| 1 > {\\displaystyle |1>} ãšã®ç¢ºçæ¯å¹
ãæ±ãããããããã®ç¶æ
ãæ£ããæ£èŠåãããŠããããšã瀺ãã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžããããç¶æ
ãš | 1 > {\\displaystyle |1>} ãšã®å
ç©ãåãã°ãããããããã®1,2,3ã§è¡šããããããããã®ç¶æ
ã¯äºãã«çŽäº€ããŠããããšã«æ³šæããã æ£èŠåãããŠããããšã調ã¹ãã«ã¯ããããã®ç¶æ
ã®å€§ããã1ãšãªã£ãŠããããšã調ã¹ãã°ããã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(I) ç¢ºçæ¯å¹
ã¯",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããæ£èŠåã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãæ£ããããšãåããã (II)",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããæ£èŠåã«ã€ããŠã¯",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãæ£ããããšãåããã (III)",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããæ£èŠåã«ã€ããŠã¯",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãæ£ããããšãåããã (IV) ç¢ºçæ¯å¹
ã¯",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããæ£èŠåã¯",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã£ãŠæ£ããããšãåããã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ããããšãã«ã®ãŒã®åºæç¶æ
| i > {\\displaystyle |i>} ãšã察å¿ããæ³¢å颿°f(x)ã«å¯ŸããŠ",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã©ã®ãããªæå³ãæã€ããèãããããã§ã | f ( x ) | 2 {\\displaystyle |f(x)|^{2}} ãã察å¿ããç²åãxã§èŠã€ãã確çã衚ãããŠããããšãèãããšãäžã®åŒã¯xã®æåŸ
å€ã衚ããåŒãã®ãã®ã§ããããã®ããã < i | x | i > {\\displaystyle <i|x|i>} ã®ãããªxæŒç®åã®å¯Ÿè§æåã¯ã察å¿ããç¶æ
ã«ç²åãååšãããšãã®ç²åãèŠã€ããäœçœ®ã®æåŸ
å€ãšãªãããšãåãããäžæ¹ãäœçœ®æŒç®åã®éå¯Ÿè§æåã¯ããã»ã©ç°¡åãªè§£éã¯æã£ãŠããªãããã ãããããã®éã¯éåååŠçãªæåãªã©ã§ãã䜿ãããã詳ããã¯éåååŠIIãåç
§ã",
"title": "æ³¢å颿°ã®æ§è³ª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éã®ç©ççãªç³»ã¯åžžã«æéã«äŸåããŠå€åããããã®ãããéåçãªç¶æ
ãäœããã®ä»æ¹ã§æéäŸåæ§ãæã€å¿
èŠããããããã§ãéåè«çãªç³»ã®æéäŸåæ§ãèããåã«ãç¹æ®çžå¯Ÿè«ã«ãããŠãæéãšç©ºéãçµ±äžçã«æ±ãæ¹æ³ãåŸãããšãæãã ããäžã®è°è«ã§ç©ºéæ¹åã®æåã«å¯ŸããŠã¯",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(ãã ããi=1,2,3ã) ã®ãããªçœ®ãæããããããšãèãããšãã«ã®ãŒãšæéæ¹åã«åãæ§ãªé¢ä¿ãããããšãèãããšãäžã®çœ®ãæãã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠ",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ãããªçœ®ãæããåºæ¥ãããšãäºæ³ããããäžæ¹ãéåè«çãªç³»ã§ã¯ç¹æ®çžå¯Ÿè«çãªèãæ¹ãé©çšã§ããã®ããšããããšã¯çåãæ®ããäŸãã°ãéåè«ã§ã¯ããç©äœãååšããäœçœ®ã¯èŠ³æž¬ãããåã«åççã«ç¥ãããšãã§ããã芳枬ãããç¬éã«ç©äœã®äœçœ®ã決å®ããããšãç¥ãããŠãããããããããäžç¬ã§ç©äœã®äœçœ®ã決å®ãããã®ãªãããã®ç¬éã«ãã®ç©äœã¯ããšããšç©äœããã£ãå Žæããéåžžã«éãé床ã§ç§»åããŠããããã«æãããã®é床ã¯å
éãè¶
ããŠããŸãããã«æããããã®æ§ãªäºæ
ãèãããšãç¹æ®çžå¯Ÿè«ãšéåååŠããäºãã«é©åãããããšã¯éåžžã«å°é£ã«æããäžã®ãããªçœ®ãæããããçç±ã¯å®ãã§ãªãããã«æãããããããå®éã«ã¯ãã®æ§ãªå°é£ãä¹ãè¶ããŠäžã®2ã€ãé©åãããæ¹æ³ã¯æ¢ã«ç¥ãããŠããããã®çµæãçšãããªã確ãã«äžã®çœ®ãæãã¯æ£ããçµæãäžããããšãç¥ãããã®ã§ããã詳ããã¯å Žã®éåè«ãåç
§ã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®çœ®ãæããå€å
žçãªæ¹çšåŒ",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«å¯ŸããŠçšãããªããéåè«çãªæ¹çšåŒã¯",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«ãªããããã§ã¯ãäžè¬ã«ç³»ã®éåç¶æ
ã匵ããã¯ãã«ã Κ {\\displaystyle \\Psi } ãšæžããŠã äžã®æ¹çšåŒãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãæããã仮㫠Κ {\\displaystyle \\Psi } ãããšãã«ã®ãŒEãæã€ããã«ããã¢ã³ã®åºæç¶æ
ã ã£ã ãšããããã®ãšããäžã®æ¹çšåŒã¯",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããã®åŒã¯éåžžã®æ¹æ³ã§è§£ãããšãåºæ¥ããä»®ã«t=0ã§ã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ãšãããšãäžã®åŒã®è§£ã¯",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããã®ããšã«ãã£ãŠãããæå» t 0 {\\displaystyle t_{0}} ã«ãããŠãããããã«ããã¢ã³ã®åºæç¶æ
ã§åŒµãããç¶æ
ã«ããç©äœãæéçã«ã©ã®ç¶æ
ã«å€åããããåãã£ãããšã«ãªããäžæ¹ãããã«ããã¢ã³ã®åºæç¶æ
ã¯æéã«äŸåããªãã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã«ãã£ãŠèšç®ãããããšãããã©ã®ç¶æ
ãã©ã®ãããªæéçºå±ããããã¯æéã«äŸåããªãã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒãè§£ãããšã«ãã£ãŠæ±ããããããšãåããã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããæéã«äŸåããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒãšãæéã«äŸåããªãã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã¯äºãã«é¢é£ããŠãããä»®ã«ãããç¶æ
Κ ( t ) {\\displaystyle \\Psi (t)} ã®æéçºå±ããã宿°EãçšããŠã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§æžããããšããããã®æã㮠Κ ( t ) {\\displaystyle \\Psi (t)} ãæéã«äŸåããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããšãçµæã¯ã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããæéã«äŸåããªãã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã«çãããªãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¢çæ¡ä»¶ãåŸ®åæ¹çšåŒãè§£ãéã«å¿
èŠã«ãªã£ãŠãããç座æšã«å€æããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã«ãè§åºŠã®åšæçå¢çæ¡ä»¶ãªã©ãå
¥ãããš(è§åºŠã¯äžåšãããšå
ã«æ»ããšããæ¡ä»¶)ãæ°ŽçŽ ååã®ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒãè§£ããããã«ãªãããªããšå€§åŠååŠã§ç¿ããäž»éåæ°ãããæ¹äœéåæ°ããªã©ã®ãéåæ°ããªã©ãå°åºãããã",
"title": "æ°ŽçŽ ååæš¡åã§ã®ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®è§£æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 145,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1次å
äºæžåããã³ã·ã£ã«",
"title": "1次å
äºæžåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãèããããã®ãšãã®ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã¯",
"title": "1次å
äºæžåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 147,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããã®ãšã V ( x ) = â {\\displaystyle V(x)=\\infty } ã®é å ( â â < x < 0 , L < x < â ) {\\displaystyle (-\\infty <x<0,L<x<\\infty )} ã§ã¯ç²å䟵å
¥äžå¯ãªã®ã§ããã®é åã«ãããæ³¢å颿°ã¯ Ï ( x ) = 0 {\\displaystyle \\psi (x)=0} ãšãªããæ³¢å颿° Ï ( x ) {\\displaystyle \\psi (x)} 㯠x = 0 , x = L {\\displaystyle x=0,x=L} ã§ããããé£ç¶ãªã®ã§ã Ï ( 0 ) = Ï ( L ) = 0 {\\displaystyle \\psi (0)=\\psi (L)=0} ãšãªãã 0 †x †L {\\displaystyle 0\\leq x\\leq L} ã«ãããæ³¢å颿°ãèãããš",
"title": "1次å
äºæžåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 148,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Ï ( 0 ) = Ï ( L ) = 0 {\\displaystyle \\psi (0)=\\psi (L)=0} ãã",
"title": "1次å
äºæžåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 149,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããŸã â« 0 L ( Ï ( x ) ) 2 d x = 1 {\\displaystyle \\int _{0}^{L}(\\psi (x))^{2}dx=1} ãšãªãããã«Bãæ±ãããš",
"title": "1次å
äºæžåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 150,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã",
"title": "1次å
äºæžåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 151,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããŸããã®ãšãã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒEã¯",
"title": "1次å
äºæžåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 152,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããšã³ãšã³ã®å€ããšãããšãåããã",
"title": "1次å
äºæžåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 153,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1次å
éæ®µåããã³ã·ã£ã«",
"title": "1次å
éæ®µåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 154,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãèããã",
"title": "1次å
éæ®µåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 155,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é å x < 0 , x †0 {\\displaystyle x<0,x\\leq 0} ã«ãããæ³¢å颿°ããããã Ï â ( x ) , Ï + ( x ) {\\displaystyle \\psi _{-}(x),\\psi _{+}(x)} ãšãã.",
"title": "1次å
éæ®µåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 156,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããã®ã·ã¥ã¬ãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã¯,",
"title": "1次å
éæ®µåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 157,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã.",
"title": "1次å
éæ®µåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 158,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(1) E < V 0 {\\displaystyle E<V_{0}} ã®å Žå",
"title": "1次å
éæ®µåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 159,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããš,ã·ã¥ã¬ãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã¯,",
"title": "1次å
éæ®µåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 160,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è§£ã¯",
"title": "1次å
éæ®µåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 161,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( Ï + ( x ) {\\displaystyle \\psi _{+}(x)} ã® e k + x {\\displaystyle e^{k_{+}x}} ã®é
ã¯çºæ£ã,èŠæ Œåæ¡ä»¶ãæºãããªãé€å€ãã.) æ³¢å颿°ã x = 0 {\\displaystyle x=0} ã§æ»ããã§ããæ¡ä»¶ãã宿°ãå®ãã.",
"title": "1次å
éæ®µåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 162,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã,",
"title": "1次å
éæ®µåããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 163,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåžžã®æ£ç£ç³ããé»åã«è¿ã¥ããŠããé»åã®ç£æ°ã¢ãŒã¡ã³ããå°ããã®ã§ãããŒã¬ã³ãå以å€ã®åã¯é»åã¯ã»ãšãã©åããªãã®ã ããç£ç³ãéåžžã§ãªãå Žåã¯å¥ã§ããã",
"title": "忥µåã®ãã€ãšãã«ã®ãŒãšå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 164,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³ã®ããã«ãç£ç³ã«ãã£ãŠãäžé£ç¶ã§æ¥å³»ãªç£å Žãçºçãããšããé»åã®äžåŽãšäžåŽãšã§ãç£å Žã®åŒ·ããç°ãªãããã®ãããé»åå
šäœãšããŠã¯ãåãåããããšã«ãªã(ãªããåæãšããŠãé»åã«ã¯ãã¹ãã³ããšããç£æ¥µã®ãããªæ§è³ªãããããšããäºãåæã«ããŠãã)ã",
"title": "忥µåã®ãã€ãšãã«ã®ãŒãšå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 165,
"tag": "p",
"text": "N極ã®å
端ã®ãšãã£ãããã¡ãããæ£ç£ç³ãšãS極ã®å
端ã®ããŒãã æ£ç£ç³ãçšæããŠããšãã£ããN極ãšãããŒãã S極ã®è»žãäžèŽããããã®2ã€ã®ç£æ¥µã®ééãããŸãããäžå¯Ÿç£æ¥µãã€ããããã®äžå¯Ÿç£æ¥µã®ãããŸã«ãéãç±ããŠèžçºãããŠçްåãªã©ããé£ã³åºãããéã®ååç·ãæã¡èŸŒããšãå³ã®ããã«ãäžãŸãã¯äžã®ã©ã¡ããã®åãåããäžäžã®2ç®æã«åè£ããããã£ããŠããªãªãæ¹åã«ã¯ç§»åããªããããã¯ãååç·ãã®ãã®ãç£åããã£ãŠããããšã®å®éšç蚌æã§ããã",
"title": "忥µåã®ãã€ãšãã«ã®ãŒãšå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 166,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éã®ååã¯äžæ§ã§ããããŸããä»®ã«é»é¢ããŠããŠãããšããŠããŒã¬ã³ãåãåãããšãããšãããŒã¬ã³ãåã®æ¹åã¯ãå³äžã®æšªåãã«ãªãã",
"title": "忥µåã®ãã€ãšãã«ã®ãŒãšå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 167,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å®éšãã·ã¥ãã«ã³ã»ã²ã«ã©ããã®å®éšãšãããé以å€ã«ããæ°ŽçŽ ã®ååç·ããããªãŠã ååç·ã§ãåæ§ã®å®éšãè¡ãããååç·ãäžæ¹åãŸãã¯äžæ¹åã®ã©ã¡ããã®åãåããããšã確èªãããã",
"title": "忥µåã®ãã€ãšãã«ã®ãŒãšå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 168,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ååç·ãäžäžã«åè£ããçç±ã¯ãååç·ãç£åããã£ãŠããäºã®ããããã§ãããããã®ååã®ç£åã®ç±æ¥ã¯ãããããé»åãç©æ§ãšããŠç£æ°ããã£ãŠããããã§ããããããŠãé»åãã®ãã®ã®ç£æ°ã®ããšãã¹ãã³ãšããã",
"title": "忥µåã®ãã€ãšãã«ã®ãŒãšå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 169,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååç·ã®æšçã«ãªã£ãŠããå ŽæãèŠããš(å³ã®ã5ãã®å Žæ)ãååç·ãäžãŸãã¯äžã®2éãã®äœçœ®ã«åè£ããŠåœãã£ãŠããããšãããé»åã®ãã¹ãã³ãã2éãã®å€ã§ããããšãäºæ³ãããä»ã®ç©ççè«ãããé»åã®ãã¹ãã³ããå®éã«2éãã§ããäºãåãã£ãŠããã",
"title": "忥µåã®ãã€ãšãã«ã®ãŒãšå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 170,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åã¯æ°åŠçã«ã¯ãããåçŽã§ãç·åœ¢ä»£æ°ã«ä»ãªããªããäœããæ±ãç³»ã«ãããã¯ãã«ç©ºéã®æ¬¡å
ãç¡é倧ã«ãªã£ãã颿°ç©ºéã«ãªã£ããããã®ã§ãããããããè€éãã倧ãããããã§ã¯æé次å
(2次å
!)ã®ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°ã§å®å
šã«æ±ãããšãã§ããç³»ããé»åã®ã¹ãã³ããäŸã«ãšããªãããåºç€æ³åãå°å
¥ããã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 171,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é»åã¯ç¹ç²åã§ããäœçœ®ãšãã屿§ãæã€ããå®ã¯ããã ãã§ãªããèªè»¢ããæ£ç£ç³ããæã€ãããªå±æ§ãæã£ãŠãããæ£ç£ç³ãN極ãšS極ãçµã¶ç·ã軞ãšããŠèªè»¢ããŠãããšããããããã«ç£å Žãããããš(1)æ£ç£ç³ã¯ãã®åãã«å¿ãããšãã«ã®ãŒãæã¡ããŸã(2)ç£å Žã軞ãšããŠã³ãã®ããã«ããªã»ãã·ã§ã³(éŠæ¯éå)ãè¡ãã(1)ã¯ç£ç³ã§ããããšããèµ·ãã(2)ã¯((1)ã«å ããŠ)è§éåéãæã€ããšããèµ·ããã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 172,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é»åããåãããæã£ãŠãããç£å Žã®äžã«å
¥ãããš(1)ãã®åãã«å¿ãããšãã«ã®ãŒããã¡ããã€(2)ãã®åããæ£ç£ç³ã®åããšåæ§ã®ããªã»ãã·ã§ã³ãèµ·ããããã®ãããªäºå®ãç§°ããŠãé»åã¯ã¹ãã³ããã€ããšããããåããããã¹ãã³ã®åãããšåŒã¶ãã¹ãã³ã®èµ·æº(Diracã«ãã)ãç©æ§ãšã®é¢ä¿ã¯éèŠãªäž»é¡ãšãªãã®ã ããããã§ã¯éåååŠã®æ³åã説æããäŸãšããŠçšããã ããªã®ã§ãåã« ãé»åã¯äœçœ®ã ãã§ãªããåããšãã屿§ãæã€ã ãšããç¹ã«ã®ã¿çç®ããããã€ããã¯ã¹ã®èª¬æãè¡ãæã«ç©ççãªæå³ ãé»åãæ£ç£ç³ãšã¿ãªããæã®åãã§ããããã€é»åã®ãã€è§éåéã®åãã ã䜿ãããªããè§éåéã®å€§ããã¯äžå®(hbar/2)ã§ãããå€ããããã®ã¯ãã®åãã ãã§ããã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 173,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åããåäœãã¯ãã« s ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {s}}} ã§è¡šãããã®æåã ( s x , s y , s z ) {\\displaystyle (s_{x},s_{y},s_{z})} ãšæžããåäœãã¯ãã«ãªã®ã§ s x 2 + s y 2 + s z 2 = 1 {\\displaystyle s_{x}^{2}+s_{y}^{2}+s_{z}^{2}=1} ãæ®éã«èãããšãã®æå(3ã€ã®å®æ°ãåãç¯å²ã¯ãããã-1ãã1)ãæå®ããã°ã¹ãã³ã®ç¶æ
ãèšè¿°ããããšã«ãªãã¯ãã§ããããšãããã¹ãã³ã¯éåååŠã®æ³åã«åŸãã®ã§ããã¯ãªããªãã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 174,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ãã³ã®åãã®æž¬å®æ¹æ³ã§ä»£è¡šçãªã®ã¯Stern-Gerlachåå®éšãšåŒã°ãããã®ã空éçãªåŸé
ãæã€ç£å Žããããããšã§ã¹ãã³ã®åãã«äŸåããåãé»åã«ãããããã«ããã倧éæã«çè§£ããã«ã¯ãæ£ç£ç³ã«ç£å Žããããããšãèããã°ãããç£å Žãäžæ§ã ãšN極ãšS極ã«ãããåãæ£å察ãã€åã倧ããã«ãªãã®ã§å
šäœãšããŠãã£ã³ã»ã«ããŠããŸããããã§zæ¹åã«åŸé
ãæã€ãã€ãŸãäžã«è¡ãã»ã©åŒ·ããªãç£å Žãããããšãããããããšç£ç³ã®åããz軞æ¹åã®æåããã€( s z â 0 {\\displaystyle s_{z}\\neq 0} )ãªãã°äžåŽã®æ¥µã«ãã倧ããªåããããã®ã§å
šäœã«ãããåãæ®ããé©åã«ç£å Žãèšå®ããããšã§ãè¿äŒŒçã«szã«æ¯äŸããå F â â ( 0 , 0 , k s z ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {F}}\\approx (0,0,ks_{z})} ãç£ç³ã«ãããããã«ã§ããããã®ãããªç£å Žã®äžã«å°ããç£ç³ãé£ã°ããšãç£ç³ã®åãã®zæåã«æ¯äŸããåãããããè»éãããããåŸã£ãŠè»éãäžäžã«ã©ãã ãããããã調ã¹ãã°ç£ç³ã® s z {\\displaystyle s_{z}} ãåããã®ã§ããããã¡ããåãè°è«ãz軞æ¹å以å€ã§ãæãç«ã€ããŸãšãããšã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 175,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã» u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {u}}} æ¹å( u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {u}}} ã¯åäœãã¯ãã«)ã®åŸé
ãæã€ç£å Žã䜿ãããšã§ã s â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {s}}} ã® u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {u}}} æå s u â¡ s â â
u â {\\displaystyle s_{u}\\equiv {\\vec {s}}\\cdot {\\vec {u}}} ãæž¬å®ããããšãã§ããã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 176,
"tag": "p",
"text": "zæ¹åã«åŸé
ãæã€ç£å Žã«ã©ã³ãã ãªåãã®ç£ç³ãããããããããšãããŸããŸsz=1ã ã£ããã®ã®è»éã¯å€§ããäžã«ãããsz=-1ã ã£ããã®ã¯å€§ããäžã«ãããããããŠãã®äžéãç¹ã«sz=0ã«è¿ããã®ã§ã¯è»éã¯ã»ãšãã©ãããªããç£ç³ã®åºå£ã«ç£ç³ãããããšãæç¥ããã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãããã°ãããã«ã¯äžããäžãŸã§ã»ãŒãŸãã¹ããªãç£ç³ãããåŸãæ®ãã§ãããã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 177,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§èå°ã¯æŽã£ãã®ã§ãç£ç³ã®ä»£ãã«åããã°ãã°ãã®é»åãéããŠã¿ãããããšãé©ãã¹ãããšã«ç£ç³ã®å Žåãšã¯å
šãç°ãªãçµæã«ãªããã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã®äžçªäž(sz=1ã«å¯Ÿå¿)ãšäžçªäž(sz=-1ã«å¯Ÿå¿)ã«ããé»åãããªãã®ã§ãããããããsz=1ã®é»åãšsz=-1ã®é»åãããªããã®ãããªçµæã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããããã§ã¯ãšãä»åºŠã¯è£
眮ã90床åããŠãsxã«å¿ããŠè»éãå€ããããã«ããŠã¿ãããããšä»åºŠã¯(åãæºããããé»åãªã®ã«)sx=1ãšsx=-1ã®ãã®ãããªããã®ãããªçµæã«ãªããã€ãŸãäžçªå³ãšå·Šã«ããé»åãããªãã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 178,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯æž¬å®æ³ãå€ããŠãæãç«ã€äžè¬çãªçµæã§ãããå³ã¡ã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 179,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã»é»åã¹ãã³ s â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {s}}} ã® u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {u}}} æ¹åæå s â â
u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {s}}\\cdot {\\vec {u}}} ãæž¬å®ãããšããã®çµæã¯å¿
ã1ã-1ã®ã©ã¡ããã«ãããªããªããæ¬æ¥é£ç¶çãªå€ããšãã¯ãã®é s â â
u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {s}}\\cdot {\\vec {u}}} ã®æž¬å®çµæãã1,-1ãšãã颿£çãªå€ã ãã«ãªãã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 180,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããé£ç¶çã§ããã¯ãç©çéã®æž¬å®å€ã颿£çã«ãªããããšã埮èŠçã¹ã±ãŒã«ã®ç©çã®å€§ããªç¹åŸŽã§ãããäœããããããéã®æž¬å®å€ã颿£çã«ãªãããã§ã¯ãªããäŸãã°é»åã®äœçœ®ã®æž¬å®å€ã¯é£ç¶çãªå€ããšããããããšãã«ã®ãŒã®æž¬å®å€ã¯ç³»ã«ãã£ãŠé£ç¶çãªå Žåã颿£çãªå Žåããäž¡è
ãæ··åããå ŽåããããéåååŠã®å€§ããªææ(ã®äžã€)ã¯ãç©çéã®æž¬å®å€ããšãããå€ã®ã»ãã(ã¹ãã¯ãã«ãšãã)ãæ±ããããã®éŠå°Ÿäžè²«ããèšç®æ³ãšããŠäžããããšã«ããã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 181,
"tag": "p",
"text": "szã®æž¬å®å€ã¯1,-1ããåãåŸãªããšè¿°ã¹ããã§ã¯ãäŸãã°ã¹ãã³ãxæ¹åãåããŠããå Žåã«szãæž¬ããšæž¬å®å€ã¯ã©ããªãã ããããåžžèçãªçã§ãã0ã¯åããªããããã1,-1ã®ã©ã¡ããåãã«ããŠãåŠã§ãããçã¯ã1,-1ãå
šãã©ã³ãã ã«åããã€ãŸãç確çã§1,-1ãçŸããããšãªã(äžåããšã§ã¯åžžèçãªå€0ã¯åããªããã倿°åå®éšãè¡ã£ãå¹³åå€ãšããŠã¯åžžèçãªå€0ã«ãªã)ããã®ããã«ã枬å®çµæã確ççã«ãªãããšã埮èŠçäžçã®æ³åã®ããäžã€ã®å€§ããªç¹åŸŽã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 182,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äœãäžã®å®éšãè¡ãã«ã¯ãã¹ãã³ãxæ¹åãåããç¶æ
ããäœããªããã°ãªããªããã©ãããããå®éšè£
眮èªèº«ãããã£ã«ã¿ããšããŠäœ¿ããäŸãã°äžèšStern-Gerlachã®å®éšã§ã¯sz=1ã®é»åã¯è»éãäžã«æ²ãããã-1ã®ãã®ã¯äžã«æ²ããããããã£ãŠäžã«æ¥ãé»åã ããéããã°ããããã¯å
šãŠsz=1ã§ããããšããããå®éãããäžã€å®éšè£
眮ãçšæããæåã®è£
眮ã§äžã«æ²ããããé»åã ããéããŠszãããäžåºŠæž¬ãããããšã確ãã«å
šãŠã®é»åã§sz=1ã«ãªãã®ã§ããããã¡ããæåã®è£
眮ãšäºã€ã®è£
眮ã®éã«ç£å Žãªã©ãæããŠããŸããšåããå€ããããšããããããã®ãããªãã¹ãã³ã®åããå€ããèŠå ãããªããã°ãäžåºŠç®ãšäºåºŠç®ã®æž¬å®å€ã¯å¿
ãåãå€ã«ãªãã以äžã®ããšãèžãŸã次ã®å®çŸ©ãè¡ãã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 183,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãsz=1ã®ç¶æ
ãåã£ãŠãããé»åãšã¯ãå®éšã«ããsz=1ãšããæž¬å®å€ãåãããã®åŸåããå€ããããŠããªãé»åã®ããšãšããã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 184,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»»æã®åããžã®äžè¬åã¯èªæã§ããããä»»æã®åäœãã¯ãã« u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {u}}} ã«å¯Ÿãã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 185,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã» u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {u}}} æ¹åãåããé»åãšã¯ã s â â
u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {s}}\\cdot {\\vec {u}}} ã®æž¬å®ã§æž¬å®å€1ãåãããã®åŸåããå€ããããŠããªãé»åã§ããã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 186,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å®çŸ©ãæå³ããªãçç±ã¯ãäžèšã®éããã®å®çŸ©ã«åŸãé»åã§ããäžåºŠ s â â
u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {s}}\\cdot {\\vec {u}}} ãæž¬å®ããã°å¿
ã1ãåãããšããå®éšçè£ã¥ããããããã§ãããäœããã®å®çŸ©ã«åŸãé»åã§ u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {u}}} ãšåçŽãªæåãæž¬ã£ãŠã枬å®çµæã¯æ±ºããŠ0ã«ã¯ãªããªãããšãå¿ããŠã¯ãªããªãã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 187,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å®çŸ©ã䜿ããšãäžèšã®ã©ã³ãã æ§ãå®éšã§ç¢ºãããã«ã¯ããŸãStern-Gerachã®è£
çœ®ãæšªã«åããŠsxã®å€ã«å¿ããŠè»éãæ²ããããããã«ããããããŠãå³(sx=1ã«å¯Ÿå¿)ã«æ¥ãé»åã ãã第2ã®è£
眮ã«éããŠszãæž¬ãããããšãååã¯sz=1ãæ®ãååã¯sz=-1ãšãªãã®ã§ããã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 188,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããäžè¬çãªå Žåãã€ãŸã u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {u}}} ãšz軞ãšã®è§åºŠãä»»æã®è§åºŠA( 0 <= A <= Ï {\\displaystyle 0<=A<=\\pi } ) ã®å Žåãè¿°ã¹ãããzæ¹åãåããé»åã¹ãã³ã® u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {u}}} æ¹åã®æå s â â
u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {s}}\\cdot {\\vec {u}}} ãæž¬ããšããããããšã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 189,
"tag": "p",
"text": "枬å®å€ã1ã«ãªã確ç㯠cos 2 ( A / 2 ) {\\displaystyle \\cos ^{2}(A/2)} ã-1ã«ãªã確ç㯠sin 2 ( A / 2 ) {\\displaystyle \\sin ^{2}(A/2)} ãšãªãã(ç¹ã« A = Ï / 2 {\\displaystyle A=\\pi /2} ã®å Žåã«ã¯äžèšã®çµæã«åž°çããããšã«æ³šæ)ã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 190,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªèŠ³æž¬å€ã®é¢æ£åãã©ã説æããããäžã€ã®çŽ çŽãªèãæ¹ã¯ãæ¬æ¥é£ç¶çãªå€ããšããã®ã芳枬éçšã§ã®äœãã®ã¡ã«ããºã ã§é¢æ£çã«ãªããšèãããã®ã¡ã«ããºã ã远æ±ããããšã ãããæ ¹åºã§ã¯é£ç¶ãªãã®ãäœãã®åå ã§é¢æ£åãããšèããã®ã§ããããããéåååŠã§ã¯ãã®ãããªæ¹éã¯ãšããªãã芳枬å€ã颿£åããããšãããæ ¹åºã®æ³åãèªç¶ã®æ¬æ§ã§ãããšæãããããé©åã«èšè¿°ããæ°åŠçãªæ³åãäžããã®ã§ããã以äžã§ãã®æ³åãè¿°ã¹ãããããã¯å¥ã®æ³å(äŸãã°å€å
žååŠ)ããè«ççã«å°ããããã®ã§ã¯ãªããããèªèº«ãããã°ãå
¬çãã§ããããããæ£ãããã©ããã¯å®éšçµæãäºèšã»åçŸã§ãããã«ããå€å®ããããç¹ã«å€å
žååŠãé»ç£æ°åŠã¯ããç¯å²å
ã§å®éšãšåãããšã確ç«ãããçè«ã§ããããããããããã®ãå
¬çãããå°åºãããªããã°ãªããªãã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 191,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžããŸãã¹ãã³ãšããç¹æ®ãªå Žåã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ããäžè¬çãªå Žåãžã®æ¡åŒµã¯ãå°ãªããšã圢åŒäžã¯åçŽãªããšãšãªãã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 192,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ãã³ããã€ç©çéã¯ãã®xæåsxãyæåsy, zæåszã§ãã(äžè¬ã®æ¹åã®æåã¯ãããã®äžæ¬¡çµåãšãªã)ããããã®ç©çéã¯ãã2x2è¡å(Pauliè¡åãšåŒã°ãã)ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããsxã«å¯Ÿå¿ããè¡åãXãšæžããsy,szããããã«å¯Ÿå¿ããè¡åãY,Zãšæžãããšã«ãããšã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 193,
"tag": "p",
"text": "X = ( 0 1 1 0 ) {\\displaystyle X={\\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\\\1&0\\end{pmatrix}}} Y = ( 0 â i i 0 ) {\\displaystyle Y={\\begin{pmatrix}0&-i\\\\i&0\\end{pmatrix}}} Z = ( 1 0 0 â 1 ) {\\displaystyle Z={\\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\\\0&-1\\end{pmatrix}}}",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 194,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã察å¿ãããã®æå³ã¯æ®µéçã«èª¬æããŠããããŸãéèŠãªã®ã¯èŠ³æž¬å€ãåãåŸãå€ã決ããããããšã§ãããç©çészãäŸã«ãšããš",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 195,
"tag": "p",
"text": "szã®æž¬å®å€ã«ãªãããã®ã¯å¯Ÿå¿ããè¡åZã®åºæå€ã®ã¿ãã€ãŸãszã®æž¬å®å€ã1, -1ã«éãããã®ã¯ã察å¿ããZã®åºæå€ã1, -1ã ãã ããã§ããã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 196,
"tag": "p",
"text": "sx, syã«ã€ããŠãåæ§ãã©ã¡ãã察å¿ããè¡åX,Yã®åºæå€ã1, -1ãããªãã®ã§æž¬å®å€ãšããŠã¯1, -1ããçŸããªãã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 197,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè¬çã«èšããšãã¹ãã³ã«éããç©çéã¯ããè¡å(ããäžè¬çã«ã¯ç·åœ¢æŒç®å)ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããã€ãŸããã®ç©çéã®èŠ³æž¬å€ã¯å¯Ÿå¿ããè¡åã®åºæå€ã«éããããéã«ãããšããç©çéããšãããæž¬å®å€ãç¥ããããšæã£ãããããã«å¯Ÿå¿ããè¡åãæ±ããã®åºæå€ãæ±ããã°ããããšããããšã§ããã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 198,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯å¯Ÿå¿ããè¡å(ç·åœ¢æŒç®å)ãã©ãæ±ããããšããçåãåœç¶æµ®ãã¶ããããã¯æ±ãç©çç³»åã
ã®åé¡ã«ãªããåºæ¬çãªã®ã¯æ£æºéååãšåŒã°ããææ³ã§ãå€å
žååŠã®ãã¢ãœã³æ¬åŒ§ãšåŒã°ãããã®ããæŒç®åãæºããã¹ã亀æé¢ä¿ãæšæž¬ãããããæºãããããªæŒç®åãæ¢ããç¹ã«ãã®ãããªææ³ããè§éåéã®äžè¬è«ãå±éã§ããäžã§å°å
¥ããã¹ãã³ã®Pauliè¡åã¯ãã®ç¹å¥ãªå ŽåãšããŠåŸãããã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 199,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äœãåºæ¬çãªç©çéã®è¡åãåããã°ããããã®é¢æ°ã«ãªã£ãŠããç©çéã®è¡åã¯è¡å代æ°ã«ããåŸããããäŸãã° s x + s y {\\displaystyle sx+sy} ãšããç©çéã«å¯Ÿå¿ããè¡å㯠X + Y {\\displaystyle X+Y} ã«ãªãããã®åºæå€ã¯(æ®éã®ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°ã®æ¹æ³ã§èšç®ãããš) ± 2 {\\displaystyle \\pm {\\sqrt {2}}} ãªã®ã§ s x + s y {\\displaystyle sx+sy} ããšããã芳枬å€ã¯ ± 2 {\\displaystyle \\pm {\\sqrt {2}}} ã®ã©ã¡ããã«ãªããåŸã£ãŠæ±ãç³»ã§åºæ¬çãªç©çé(äŸãã°äœçœ®xãšéåép)ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããæŒç®åãåããã°ããã®ç³»ã®ä»»æã®ç©çé(åºæ¬çãªç©çéã®é¢æ°ã«ãªã£ãŠããéãäŸãã°ãšãã«ã®ãŒ p^2/(2m)+V(x))ã察å¿ããè¡åã¯æŒç®åã®ä»£æ°(ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°)ã§åãã£ãŠããŸãã®ã§ããã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 200,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ã颿£çãªèŠ³æž¬å€(ç©çéã«å¯Ÿå¿ããè¡åã®åºæå€)ã®ã©ãã芳枬ããããã®èŠåãè¿°ã¹ãããŸããã¹ãã³ã®ç¶æ
ã¯ã¹ãã³ã®ç©çéã«å¯Ÿå¿ããè¡å(X,Y,Z)ãäœçšãããã¯ãã«ãå³ã¡2è¡1åã®è€çŽ åãã¯ãã« ( α 0 α 1 ) {\\displaystyle {\\begin{pmatrix}\\alpha _{0}\\\\\\alpha _{1}\\end{pmatrix}}} ã§è¡šãããããã㧠α 0 , α 1 {\\displaystyle \\alpha _{0},\\alpha _{1}} ã¯ã©ã¢ããè€çŽ æ°ã ããæ¬¡ã®æ£èŠåæ¡ä»¶ãæºãããã®ãšãã | α 0 | 2 + | α 1 | 2 = 1 {\\displaystyle |\\alpha _{0}~|^{2}+|\\alpha _{1}|^{2}=1} ããã®ãããªè€çŽ åãã¯ãã«ãDiracã«ããããã©ã±ããèšå·ãã䜿ãããã±ããã | α > {\\displaystyle |\\alpha >} ã§è¡šãã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 201,
"tag": "p",
"text": "| α >= ( α 0 α 1 ) {\\displaystyle |\\alpha >={\\begin{pmatrix}\\alpha _{0}\\\\\\alpha _{1}\\end{pmatrix}}}",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 202,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°ã«ãããšãè€çŽ åãã¯ãã«å士ã®éã«ã¯èªç¶ã«å
ç©ãå®çŸ©ããããã±ãã | α >= ( α 0 α 1 ) {\\displaystyle |\\alpha >={\\begin{pmatrix}\\alpha _{0}\\\\\\alpha _{1}\\end{pmatrix}}} ãš | β >= ( β 0 β 1 ) {\\displaystyle |\\beta >={\\begin{pmatrix}\\beta _{0}\\\\\\beta _{1}\\end{pmatrix}}} ã®éã®å
ç© ( | α > , | β > ) {\\displaystyle (|\\alpha >,|\\beta >)} ã¯æ¬¡ã§äžãããã:",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 203,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( | α > , | β > ) = α 0 â β 0 + α 1 â β 1 {\\displaystyle (|\\alpha >,|\\beta >)=\\alpha _{0}^{*}\\beta _{0}+\\alpha _{1}^{*}\\beta _{1}}",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 204,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å
ç©ã¯ãæåã宿°ã®å Žåã«ã¯æ®éã®å®ãã¯ãã«å士ã®å
ç©ã«ãªãããè€çŽ æ°ã®å Žåã«ã¯å·ŠåŽã®èŠçŽ ã«è€çŽ å
±åœ¹ãåããããå®çŸ©ããçç±ã¯ããèªåèªèº«ãšã®å
ç© ( | α > , | α > ) {\\displaystyle (|\\alpha >,|\\alpha >)} ããå¿
ã0以äžã®å®æ°ã«ãªãããã«ããããã§ãããç¹ã«äžèšã®èŠæ Œåæ¡ä»¶ã¯ ( | α > , | α > ) = 1 {\\displaystyle (|\\alpha >,|\\alpha >)=1} ãšæžãããšãã§ããã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 205,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯ããã®ã±ããã®ç©ççæå³ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãããäžã§å°å
¥ãããzåãã®ç¶æ
ããå³ã¡szã芳枬ããã°å¿
ãsz=1ã®çµæãåŸãããç¶æ
ã¯ãè¡åZã®åºæå€1ã®åºæãã¯ãã«(ã§èŠæ Œåããããã®)ã§èšè¿°ããããã€ãŸããszãæž¬å®ããã°ãçµæãå¿
ãsz=1ã«ãªãç¶æ
ã衚ãã±ãããã|sz=1>ãšæžãããšã«ãããšæ¬¡ãæç«:",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 206,
"tag": "p",
"text": "| s z = 1 >= ( 1 0 ) {\\displaystyle |sz=1>={\\begin{pmatrix}1\\\\0\\end{pmatrix}}}",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 207,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(å®éã«ã¯ãã®æåã§1ã®ä»£ããã«çµ¶å¯Ÿå€1ã®ä»»æã®è€çŽ æ° e i Ξ {\\displaystyle e^{i\\theta }} ããããŠãåããªã®ã ãããã®ä»»ææ§ã«ã€ããŠã¯åŸã§è¿°ã¹ãããšããããåäœåºæãã¯ãã«ã®äžã§äžçªæåãç°¡åãªãã®ãéžãã ãšèããŠã»ããã)",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 208,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯äžè¬çã«æ¡åŒµããããå³ã¡ãä»»æã®ç©çéAã«å¯ŸããŠãAãæž¬å®ãããšãã«ç¢ºå®ã«æž¬å®å€aãåŸãããç¶æ
ã¯ãæ°åŠçã«ã¯Aã«å¯Ÿå¿ããè¡å(ãŸãã¯æŒç®å)ã®åºæå€aã®åºæãã¯ãã«(ã§èŠæ Œåããããã®)ã§èšè¿°ãããããã®ãããªç¶æ
ããããç¥ããèšãæ¹ã§ç©çéAã®åºæå€aã®åºæç¶æ
ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 209,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ãã³ã®äŸã«æ»ããšãsxãæž¬å®ããŠå¿
ãsx=1ã®çµæãåŸãããç¶æ
|sx=1>ã¯ãè¡åXã®åºæå€1ã®åºæç¶æ
ãªã®ã§",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 210,
"tag": "p",
"text": "| s x = 1 >= 2 â 1 / 2 ( 1 1 ) {\\displaystyle |sx=1>=2^{-1/2}{\\begin{pmatrix}1\\\\1\\end{pmatrix}}}",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 211,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¿
ãsx=-1ã®çµæãåŸãããç¶æ
ã¯",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 212,
"tag": "p",
"text": "| s x = â 1 >= 2 â 1 / 2 ( 1 â 1 ) {\\displaystyle |sx=-1>=2^{-1/2}{\\begin{pmatrix}1\\\\-1\\end{pmatrix}}}",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 213,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯ãszãæž¬å®ããéã«ãç¶æ
ãszã®åºæç¶æ
ã§ãªãã£ããçµæã¯ã©ããªãã ããããããã§å§ããŠå®éšãšæ¯ã¹ãããèšè¿°ãçŸãããéåååŠãäžããäºèšã¯æ¬¡ã®éãã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 214,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ãã³ã®ç¶æ
| α > {\\displaystyle |\\alpha >} ãszã®åºæç¶æ
ãšã¯éããªãå Žåã«szãæž¬å®ãããšããã®çµæ(枬å®å€ã1ã«ãªãã-1ã«ãªãã)ã¯ã©ã³ãã ãªäºè±¡ãšãªãã確ççã«ããäºèšã§ããªãããã®ç¢ºçã¯ããšã®ç¶æ
ãšåºæç¶æ
ã®å
ç©ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€èªä¹ã§äžãããããäŸãã°sz=1ãšãªã確çP(sz=1)ã¯",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 215,
"tag": "p",
"text": "P ( s z = 1 ) = | ( | s z = 1 > , | α > ) | 2 = | α 0 | 2 {\\displaystyle P(sz=1)=|(|sz=1>,|\\alpha >)|^{2}=|\\alpha _{0}|^{2}}",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 216,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ§ã«ãsx=1ã«ãªã確çP(sx=1)ã¯",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 217,
"tag": "p",
"text": "P ( s x = 1 ) = | ( | s x = 1 > , | α > ) | 2 = | α 0 + α 1 2 | 2 {\\displaystyle P(sx=1)=|(|sx=1>,|\\alpha >)|^{2}=|{\\frac {\\alpha _{0}+\\alpha _{1}}{2}}|^{2}}",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 218,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹ã«åã®äŸãšããŠåãäžãããã¹ãã³ãxæ¹åãåããŠããå Žåã«szãæž¬å®ããçµæã¯ã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 219,
"tag": "p",
"text": "P ( s z = 1 ) = | ( | s z = 1 > , | s x = 1 > ) | 2 = | 2 â 1 / 2 | 2 = 1 2 {\\displaystyle P(sz=1)=|(|sz=1>,|sx=1>)|^{2}=|2^{-1/2}|^{2}={\\frac {1}{2}}}",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 220,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããå®éšçµæãšãã確çãäžããããã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 221,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«ãå®éšäŸãšããŠåãäžãããzæ¹åãåããé»åã¹ãã³ã® u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {u}}} æ¹åã®æå s â â
u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {s}}\\cdot {\\vec {u}}} ãæž¬ããå Žåã®çµæãèšç®ããŠã¿ããæ³åãã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 222,
"tag": "p",
"text": "P ( s â â
u â = 1 ) = | ( | s z = 1 > , | s â â
u â = 1 > ) | 2 {\\displaystyle P({\\vec {s}}\\cdot {\\vec {u}}=1)=|(|sz=1>,|{\\vec {s}}\\cdot {\\vec {u}}=1>)|^{2}}",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 223,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åé¡ã¯ | s â â
u â = 1 > {\\displaystyle |{\\vec {s}}\\cdot {\\vec {u}}=1>} ã ãã u â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {u}}} ã®æåãç座æšã§ã®æ¹å Ξ , Ï {\\displaystyle \\theta ,\\phi } ã䜿ã ( sin Ξ cos Ï , sin Ξ sin Ï , cos Ξ ) {\\displaystyle (\\sin \\theta \\cos \\phi ,\\sin \\theta \\sin \\phi ,\\cos \\theta )} ãšè¡šããš",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 224,
"tag": "p",
"text": "s â â
u â = u x X + u y Y + u z Z = ( u z u x â i u y u x + i u y â u z ) = ( cos Ξ e â i Ï sin Ξ e i Ï sin Ξ â cos Ξ ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {s}}\\cdot {\\vec {u}}=u_{x}X+u_{y}Y+u_{z}Z={\\begin{pmatrix}u_{z}&u_{x}-iu_{y}\\\\u_{x}+iu_{y}&-u_{z}\\end{pmatrix}}={\\begin{pmatrix}\\cos \\theta &e^{-i\\phi }\\sin \\theta \\\\e^{i\\phi }\\sin \\theta &-\\cos \\theta \\end{pmatrix}}}",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 225,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åºæå€1ã®åºæãã¯ãã«(ã§èŠæ ŒåãããŠãããã®)㯠( cos Ξ 2 e i Ï sin Ξ 2 ) {\\displaystyle {\\begin{pmatrix}\\cos {\\frac {\\theta }{2}}\\\\e^{i^{\\phi }}\\sin {\\frac {\\theta }{2}}\\end{pmatrix}}}",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 226,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã䜿ããšæ¬¡ãåŸãããå®éšçµæããã¡ããšåçŸããèšç®çµæãšãªãã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 227,
"tag": "p",
"text": "P ( s â â
u â = 1 ) = | ( | s z = 1 > , | s â â
u â = 1 > ) | 2 = cos 2 Ξ 2 {\\displaystyle P({\\vec {s}}\\cdot {\\vec {u}}=1)=|(|sz=1>,|{\\vec {s}}\\cdot {\\vec {u}}=1>)|^{2}=\\cos ^{2}{\\frac {\\theta }{2}}}",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 228,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŸã§ç¶æ
ã®æ°åŠçãªèšè¿°ãšæž¬å®ã®é¢ä¿ãæžãããæ¬¡ã¯ç¶æ
ã®éåæ³åã§ãããç°¡åãªäŸãšããŠã¹ãã³ã«äžæ§ãªç£å Žããããå Žåãèããã",
"title": "éåè«ã®åºç€æ³åïŒã¹ãã³ãäŸã«ãšã£ãŠ"
}
] | null | {{Pathnav|ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãž|èªç¶ç§åŠ|ç©çåŠ|frame=1|small=1}}
{| style="float:right"
|-
|{{Wikipedia|éåååŠ|éåååŠ}}
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|{{Wikiversity|Topic:éåååŠ|éåååŠ}}
|}
{{stub}}
== éåååŠãšã¯ ==
* [[éåååŠ/éåååŠãšã¯]]
== éåååŠã®çºå± ==
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=== ãã¥ãã³ïŒããã£ã®æ³å ===
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:<math>E = N\times 6 \times \frac{kT}{2} = 3NkT</math>
ãšããé¢ä¿ãæãç«ã€ãããã§ <math>N</math> ã¯çµæ¶å
éšã«å«ãŸããçµæ¶ååã®æ°ã§ããããŸã <math>k \simeq 1.38\times 10^{-23}~\mathrm{[J/K]}</math> ã¯[[w:ãã«ããã³å®æ°|ãã«ããã³å®æ°]]ã<math>T</math> ã¯[[w:ç±ååŠæž©åºŠ|ç±ååŠæž©åºŠ]]ã§ããïŒä»¥äžã枩床ãšã¯ç±ååŠæž©åºŠã®ããšãæããšããïŒããã«ããã³å®æ° <math>k</math> ãš[[w:ã¢ãŽã©ã¬ãã宿°|ã¢ãŽã©ã¬ãã宿°]] <math>N_\mathrm{A}</math> ã®ç©ã¯[[w:æ°äœå®æ°|æ°äœå®æ°]] <math>R</math> ãäžããã
:<math>k =\frac{R}{N_\mathrm{A}}.</math>
çµæ¶ååã®åæ° <math>N</math> ãã¢ãŽã©ã¬ãã宿°ãçšããŠ[[w:ç©è³ªé|ç©è³ªé]] <math>n = N/N_\mathrm{A}</math> ã«çœ®ãæããã°ãäžè¿°ã®é¢ä¿ã¯æ°äœå®æ°ã䜿ã£ãŠä»¥äžã®ããã«æžãçŽãããšãã§ããã
:<math>E = 3NkT = 3nN_\mathrm{A}\frac{R}{N_\mathrm{A}}T = 3nRT.</math>
æ°äœå®æ°ãçšãã圢åŒã§ã¯ååæ°ãçŸããã代ããã«ç©è³ªéãšããéãå®çŸ©ãããããšã«æ³šæãããããã«ããã³å®æ°ãåºæ¬å®æ°ãšããç«å Žã§ã¯åãªã眮ãæãã«éããªãããæ°äœå®æ°ãåºæ¬å®æ°ãšããå Žåããã«ããã³å®æ°ãçšãã圢åŒãäžããã«ã¯ååã®ååšããããããŸã«èªããå¿
èŠãããã
çµæ¶ã®[[w:æ¯ç±å®¹é|1ã¢ã«åœããã®ç±å®¹é]] <math>C</math> ã¯ã枩床å€åã«å¯Ÿãããšãã«ã®ãŒã®å¢æžã®å²åãå
šäœã®ç©è³ªéã§å²ã£ããã®ã«çžåœããããã
:<math>C = \frac{1}{n}\frac{\partial E}{\partial T} = 3R</math>
ãšãªããããã¯åžžæž© (<math>T \sim 300 ~\mathrm{[K]}</math>) ã§ã®çµæ¶ã®æ¯ç±ã®æž¬å®å€ã«äžèŽããããã®æ¯ç±ã¯æž©åºŠäŸåæ§ããªããåžžæž©ã®åºäœã®ã¢ã«æ¯ç±ãã»ãšãã©äžå®ã§ããããšã瀺ããåºäœã®ã¢ã«æ¯ç±ãåžžæž©ã§äžå®ã®å€ãåããšããæ³åã¯'''[[w:ãã¥ãã³ïŒããã£ã®æ³å|ãã¥ãã³ïŒããã£ã®æ³å]]''' (Dulong-Petit law) ãšåŒã°ããããã¥ãã³ãšããã£ã¯ãã®æ³åãå€ãã®ç©è³ªã«ã€ããŠè¯ãç²ŸåºŠã§æãç«ã€ããšãå®éšçã«çºèŠãã人ç©ã§ããã
ãã¥ãã³ïŒããã£ã®æ³åãæãç«ã€ãããªç³»ã«ã€ããŠãåžžæž©ããé¥ãã«äœæž©ã®é åã«ãããŠãæ¯ç±ãäžå®ã§ããããšãäºæ³ãããããå®éšã«ããäœæž©é åã§ã¯æ¯ç±ã¯ 0 ã«åæããããšã瀺åããçµæãåŸãããŠãããäœæž©é åã§ã®æ¯ç±ã®æž©åºŠäŸåæ§ããã³æ¯ç±ã®å€ã¯ãã¥ãã³ïŒããã£ã®æ³åããå€ããããšãç¥ãããŠããã
=== äœæž©ã§ã®åºäœã®æ¯ç± ===
ä»®ã«æ¯åæ°ã <math>\nu</math> ã®[[w:èª¿åæ¯åå|èª¿åæ¯åå]]ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯ <math>h\nu</math> ã®æŽæ°å <math>nh\nu</math> ããåããªããšããïŒãã ã <math>n</math> ã¯è² ã§ãªããšããïŒãçµæ¶å
éšã® <math>N</math> åã®ååãããããæ¯åæ° <math>\nu</math> ã®èª¿åæ¯ååãšèŠãªããããšãä»®å®ããå
šéšã§ <math>3N</math> ã®èªç±åºŠãæã€ 1 次å
èª¿åæ¯ååã®éãŸããšããã
ãããããšãæç±çæ³æ°äœã§ãåååã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãè¡çªãªã©ã«ããå€åããããã«ïŒæ°äœå
šäœã®å
šãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯äžå®ïŒãåºäœã®åæ¯ååã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã <math>0, h\nu, 2h\nu, 3h\nu,\dots</math> ãšããé£ã³é£ã³ã®å€ãç§»ãå€ãã£ãŠãããšããã
ãã㊠<math>3N</math> åã®æ¯ååã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®å¹³åå€ã¯ãä»®ã«äžèšã®ããã«ããã«ããã³å åã䜿ã£ãŠèšç®ã§ããã¯ããã ãšä»®å®ããïŒâ» ãã«ããã³å åã«ã€ããŠåãããªããã°ãèšäºã[[é«çåŠæ ¡ååŠâ
¡/ååŠåå¿ã®éã]]ãã®[[w:åå¿é床è«|åå¿é床è«]]ã§ã®èª¬æïŒé«æ ¡ïœå€§åŠåçŽã¬ãã«ïŒããŸãã¯èšäºã[[çµ±èšååŠI ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå]]ãã®[[w:ã¹ã¿ãŒãªã³ã°ã®å
¬åŒ|ã¹ã¿ãŒãªã³ã°ã®å
¬åŒ]]ãçšããçµ±èšååŠã¢ãã«ã«ãã説æïŒå€§åŠäžçŽïœïŒãåç
§ãçµ±èšååŠçã«ã¯ä»ã«ããã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¥ã®æªå®ä¹æ°æ³ãçšããŠãã«ããã³å åã®å°å
¥ãè¡ãæ¹æ³ãããïŒã
1åã®æ¯ååããšãã«ã®ãŒ <math>\varepsilon_n = nh\nu</math> ããšã[[w:確ç|確ç]]ã <math>\operatorname{Pr}(n)</math> ãšãããã®ç¢ºçããã«ããã³å åã«æ¯äŸãããšããã
:<math>\operatorname{Pr}(n) = \frac{1}{Z}e^{-\frac{\varepsilon_n}{kT}} = \frac{1}{Z}e^{-\frac{nh\nu}{kT}}</math>
ãã®é¢æ°ãéåžžã®æå³ã®ç¢ºçã§ããããã«ã¯ããã¹ãŠã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒç¶æ
ã«ã€ããŠã®åã 1 ã«èŠæ ŒåãããŠããå¿
èŠããããããæ¯äŸä¿æ°ã® <math>Z</math> ã¯ã
:<math>Z = \sum_{m=0}^{\infty} e^{-\frac{\varepsilon_m}{kT}} = \sum_{m=0}^{\infty} e^{-\frac{mh\nu}{kT}}</math>
ãšãªããªããã°ãªããªãïŒãªãããã®Zã®ãããªéåçµ±èšèšç®ã®èŠæ Œåã®ããã®é¢æ°ã®ããšããåé
ä¿æ°ããŸãã¯ãç¶æ
åããšããïŒããã®ãšã確ç <math>\operatorname{Pr}(n)</math> ã¯
:<math>\operatorname{Pr}(n) = \frac{\exp\left(-\frac{nh\nu}{kT}\right)}{\sum_{m=0}^{\infty} \exp\left(-\frac{mh\nu}{kT}\right)}</math>
ãšãªãïŒ<math>\exp(\cdot)</math> ã¯[[w:ææ°é¢æ°|ææ°é¢æ°]]ïŒããšãã«ã®ãŒã®æåŸ
å€ <math>\langle\varepsilon\rangle</math> ã¯ã
:<math>\begin{align}
\langle\varepsilon\rangle &= \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \left\{\varepsilon_n\operatorname{Pr}(n)\right\} \\
&=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \left\{nh\nu
\left(\frac{\exp\left(-\frac{nh\nu}{kT}\right)}{\sum_{m=0}^{\infty} \exp\left(-\frac{mh\nu}{kT}\right)}\right)
\right\}\\
&=\frac{1}{\sum_{m=0}^{\infty} \exp\left(-\frac{mh\nu}{kT}\right)}
\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \left\{nh\nu\exp\left(-\frac{nh\nu}{kT}\right)\right\}
\end{align}</math>
ãšè¡šãããšãã§ãããããã§ãã«ããã³å®æ°ãšæž©åºŠã®ç©ã®éæ°ã <math>\beta = (kT)^{-1}</math> ãšãïŒããã¯[[w:éæž©åºŠ|éæž©åºŠ]]ãšåŒã°ããïŒããšãã«ã®ãŒã®æåŸ
å€ãéæž©åºŠ <math>\beta</math> ã«é¢ãã埮åãçšããŠè¡šãã°ã
:<math>Z(\beta) = \sum_{m=0}^{\infty} \exp\left(-\frac{\varepsilon_m}{kT}\right) = \sum_{m=0}^{\infty} \exp\left(-\frac{mh\nu}{kT}\right)</math>
ããã
:<math>\begin{align}
\langle\varepsilon\rangle &= -\frac{1}{Z(\beta)}\frac{d}{d\beta}Z(\beta)\\
&=-\frac{d}{d\beta}\ln Z(\beta)
\end{align}</math>
ãåŸããããã§å
·äœçã«å³èŸºã®å¯Ÿæ°ãèšç®ããã°ã[[w:çæ¯æ°å|çæ¯çŽæ°]]ã®åã®å
¬åŒãçšããŠã
:<math>\begin{align}
Z(\beta) &= \sum_{m=0}^{\infty}\left(e^{-\beta h\nu}\right)^n\\
&= \left(1 - e^{-\beta h\nu}\right)^{-1}
\end{align}</math>
ãšæžãçŽãããããçµå±ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®æåŸ
å€ã¯
:<math>\begin{align}
\langle\varepsilon\rangle &= \frac{d}{d\beta}\ln \left(1 - e^{-\beta h\nu}\right)\\
&= h\nu\frac{e^{-\beta h\nu}}{1 - e^{-\beta h\nu}}\\
&= \frac{h\nu}{e^{\beta h\nu} - 1}
\end{align}</math>
ãšè¡šãããšãã§ããã
=== ãã©ã³ã¯ååž ===
åç¯ã§åŸãèª¿åæ¯ååã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®æåŸ
å€ã«ã€ããŠãèª¿åæ¯ååã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒéå <math>h\nu</math> ã«æãã颿°
:<math>\frac{1}{e^{\beta h\nu} - 1}</math>
ã'''ãã©ã³ã¯ååž'''ãšåŒã¶ã枩床ããšãã«ã®ãŒéåã®å€§ããã«æ¯ã¹ãŠå
åå°ããå Žåã<math>kT \ll h\nu</math> ãã <math>1 \ll \beta h\nu</math> ãšããé¢ä¿ãæãç«ã¡ããã©ã³ã¯ååžã¯ã
:<math>\frac{1}{e^{\beta h\nu} - 1} \approx e^{-\beta h\nu}</math>
ãšããåœ¢ã«æŒžè¿ããã
ãã®ãã©ã³ã¯ååžãå©çšããŠãçµæ¶å
éšã®æ¯ç±ãåŸãããšãèãããçµæ¶ãç¬ç«ãªèª¿åæ¯ååã®éãŸããšèŠãªãæãç°¡åãªå Žåã«ã€ããŠãçµæ¶å
šäœã®å
éšãšãã«ã®ãŒãããããã®èª¿åæ¯ååã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒæåŸ
å€ã®åã«ã»ãšãã©çããããšããã
:<math>E = 3\langle\varepsilon\rangle = 3N\frac{h\nu}{e^{\beta h\nu} - 1}</math>
ãšè¡šãããšãã§ããããã®å Žåãçµæ¶ååã«å¯Ÿããæ¯ç±å®¹éã¯ã
:<math>c = \frac{1}{N}\frac{dE}{dT} = \frac{1}{N}\frac{d\beta}{dT}\frac{dE}{d\beta} = 3k(\beta h\nu)^2\frac{e^{\beta h\nu}}{(e^{\beta h\nu} - 1)^2}</math>
ãšãªãããã®æ¯ç±ã®äœæž©é åã§ã®æ¯ãèãã¯ã
:<math>c = 3k(\beta h\nu)^2\frac{e^{\beta h\nu}}{(e^{\beta h\nu} - 1)^2} = 3k\frac{(\beta h\nu)^2}{e^{\beta h\nu}} \to 0</math>
ã§ããã0 ãžåæãããšããç¹ã§äœæž©é åã«ãããåºäœæ¯ç±ã®æ¯ãèããšåèŽããã髿ž©é åã«ãããŠïŒããã§ãã髿ž©ãšã¯èª¿åæ¯ååã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒéåã«å¯ŸããŠã§ãããåºäœã®èç¹æž©åºŠã«æ¯ã¹ãã°äŸç¶äœæž©ã§ããïŒãæ¯ç±ã¯
:<math>c = 3ke^{\beta h\nu}\left(\frac{\beta h\nu}{e^{\beta h\nu} - 1}\right)^2 \to 3k</math>
ãšãªãã髿ž©é åã®æ¯ç±ã«ã€ããŠãååæ¯ç± <math>c</math> ãå®ç©ã¢ã«æ¯ç± <math>C</math> ã«çŽããšã
:<math>C = N_\mathrm{A}c \to 3N_\mathrm{A}k = 3R</math>
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</math>
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</math>
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:<math>
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</math>
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AB = BA
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ãæºãã2ã€ã®è¡åA,Bã«ã€ããŠã¯ããããåæã«å¯Ÿè§åãããããªåºåºãåããããšãç¥ãããããã®ããšã¯äœçœ®ãšéåéã衚ããè¡åã«ã€ããŠ
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\hat x \hat p \ne \hat p \hat x
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[A,B] = AB - BA
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[A,B] = - [B,A]
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[\hat x, \hat p] \ne 0
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:<math>
[\hat x, \hat p] = i \hbar
</math>
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<math>\psi</math>ã
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\hat H \psi = E \psi
</math>
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:<math>
[\hat x, \hat p] = i \hbar
</math>
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pã«ã€ããŠ
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\hat p \rightarrow p
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\hat x \rightarrow i\hbar \frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{{p}}}
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H = \frac {p^2} {2m}
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\hat H = -\frac {\hbar ^2}{2m} \frac {\partial ^2}{\partial x ^2}
</math>
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-\frac {\hbar ^2}{2m} \frac {\partial ^2}{\partial x ^2} \psi (x) = E \psi (x)
</math>
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p \rightarrow -i \hbar \frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{{x}}}
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V(x) = 0
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V(x) = \infty
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V(x) = \infty
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V(x)=0ããã
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-\frac {\hbar ^2}{2m} \frac {\partial ^2}{\partial x ^2} \psi (x) = E \psi (x)
</math>
:<math>
\frac {\partial ^2}{\partial x ^2} \psi (x) = -\frac {2mE}{\hbar ^2} \psi (x)
</math>
ãšãªãããšãåãããããããæºãã<math>\psi(x)</math>ã¯
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\psi(x) = A\sin (kx ) + B\cos (kx)
</math>
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k = \sqrt { \frac {2mE}{\hbar ^2} }
</math>
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\psi (0) = \psi(a) = 0
</math>
ãçšãããšã
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\psi (0) = B = 0
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\psi (a) = A\sin (ka) = 0
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ka = n\pi
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\psi _n (x) = A \sin (k _n x)
</math>
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k _n = \frac {\pi n} a
</math>
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:<math>
k _n = \sqrt { \frac {2mE _n}{\hbar ^2} }
</math>
ãè§£ãããšã§åŸãããšãåºæ¥ããçãã¯ã
:<math>
E _n = \frac {\hbar ^2}{2m} k _n^2
</math>
:<math>
= \frac {\hbar ^2}{2m} \{ \frac {\pi n} a \}^2
</math>
:<math>
= \frac {\hbar ^2}{2m} \frac {\pi^2 n^2} {a^2}
</math>
ãšãªããããæŽæ°nã«å¯ŸããŠ
:<math>
n^2
</math>
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:<math>
<i|j> = \delta={ij}
</math>
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:<math>
f(x) = <x|i>
</math>
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f(x),g(x)ã颿°ç©ºéã®å
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\int f^* (x) g(x) dx
</math>
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f(x),g(x)ã®å
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\int f^* (x) g(x) dx = \int dx <i|x><x|j>
</math>
:<math>
= <i|j> = \delta _{ij}
</math>
ãšãªããããã§ã
:<math>
\int dx <i|x><x|j>
</math>
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\int |x><x| = 1
</math>
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\Sigma _i |i><i| = 1
</math>
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:<math>
\int f^* (x) g(x) dx = <i|j> = \delta _{ij}
</math>
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:<math>
\int |\psi(x)|^2 dx =1
</math>
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<x|i>
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<x|i> = f(x)
</math>
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P(x) = |f(x)|^2
</math>
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\int dx |f(x)|^2 = P(x) =1
</math>
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f(x) = \frac 1 {{}^4\sqrt \pi} e^{-x^2/2 }
</math>
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P(x) = |f(x)|^2
</math>
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P(x) = |f(x)|^2
=\frac 1 {\sqrt \pi} e^{-x^2 }
</math>
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:<math>
\int _{-\infty }^{\infty} e^{-x^2} = \sqrt \pi
</math>
ãçšãããšã
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\int dx P(x) = 1
</math>
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</math>
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ãã®ãšãã
(I)
<math>|1></math>
(II)
:<math>
\frac 1 {\sqrt 2} (|1>+|2>)
</math>
(III)
:<math>
\frac 1 {\sqrt 3} (|1>+|2>+|3>)
</math>
(IV)
<math>|2></math>
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:<math>
<1|1> = 1
</math>
ãšãªããæ£èŠåã
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<1|1> = 1
</math>
ãšãªãæ£ããããšãåããã
(II)
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<1|\frac 1 {\sqrt 2} (|1> +|2>)
</math>
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= \frac 1 {\sqrt 2} (1+0) = \frac 1 {\sqrt 2}
</math>
ãšãªããæ£èŠåã«ã€ããŠã¯
:<math>
\frac 1 {\sqrt 2} (<1| +<2|) \frac 1 {\sqrt 2} (|1> +|2>)
</math>
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= \frac 1 2 (1 + 0 + 0 +1) = 1
</math>
ãšãªãæ£ããããšãåããã
(III)
:<math>
<1|\frac 1 {\sqrt 3} (|1> +|2>+|3>)
</math>
:<math>
= \frac 1 {\sqrt 3} (1+0+0) = \frac 1 {\sqrt 3}
</math>
ãšãªããæ£èŠåã«ã€ããŠã¯
:<math>
\frac 1 {\sqrt 3} (<1| +<2|+<3|) \frac 1 {\sqrt 3} (|1> +|2>+|3>)
</math>
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= \frac 1 3 (1 + 0 + 0 +0+1+0 +0+0+1) = 1
</math>
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ç¢ºçæ¯å¹
ã¯
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<1|2> = 0
</math>
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<2|2> = 1
</math>
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<i|x|i> = \int dx x |f(x)|^2
</math>
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\vec p _i \rightarrow
-i \hbar \frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{{x _i}}}
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E \rightarrow
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</math>
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E = H
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i \hbar \frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{t}} = \hat H
</math>
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ã匵ããã¯ãã«ã<math>\Psi</math>ãšæžããŠã
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i \hbar \frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{t}} \Psi = \hat H \Psi
</math>
ãšæžãæãããä»®ã«<math>\Psi</math>ãããšãã«ã®ãŒEãæã€ããã«ããã¢ã³ã®åºæç¶æ
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i \hbar \frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{t}} \Psi = E \Psi
</math>
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:<math>
\Psi (t=0) = \psi
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ãšãããšãäžã®åŒã®è§£ã¯
:<math>
\Psi (t) = e^{-i E t/ \hbar } \psi
</math>
ãšãªãããã®ããšã«ãã£ãŠãããæå»<math>t _0</math>ã«ãããŠãããããã«ããã¢ã³ã®åºæç¶æ
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<math>\Psi(t)</math>ã®æéçºå±ããã宿°EãçšããŠã
:<math>
\Psi(t) = \psi \cdot e^{-i E t/\hbar }
</math>
ã§æžããããšããããã®æãã®<math>\Psi(t)</math>ãæéã«äŸåããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããšãçµæã¯ã
:<math>
E \psi = \hat H \psi
</math>
ãšãªããæéã«äŸåããªãã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã«çãããªãã
== 1次å
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== æ°ŽçŽ ååæš¡åã§ã®ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã®è§£æ³ ==
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èŠã«ãªã£ãŠãããç座æšã«å€æããã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã«ãè§åºŠã®åšæçå¢çæ¡ä»¶ãªã©ãå
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== 1次å
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: <math>\begin{cases}
V(x)=\infty(-\infty<x<0)\\
V(x)=0(0 \le x \le L)\\
V(x)=\infty(L<x<\infty)
\end{cases}</math>
ãèããããã®ãšãã®ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã¯
:<math>E\psi(x) =-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{d^{2}\psi(x)}{dx^2}+V(x)\psi(x)</math>
ãšãªãããã®ãšã<math>V(x)=\infty</math>ã®é å<math>(-\infty<x<0,L<x<\infty)</math>ã§ã¯ç²å䟵å
¥äžå¯ãªã®ã§ããã®é åã«ãããæ³¢å颿°ã¯<math>\psi(x)=0</math>ãšãªããæ³¢å颿°<math>\psi(x)</math>ã¯<math>x=0,x=L</math>ã§ããããé£ç¶ãªã®ã§ã<math>\psi(0)=\psi(L)=0</math>ãšãªãã<math>0 \le x \le L</math>ã«ãããæ³¢å颿°ãèãããš
:<math>E\psi(x) =-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{d^{2}\psi(x)}{dx^2}</math>ïŒ<math>V(x)=0</math>ïŒ
:<math>\frac{d^{2}\psi(x)}{dx^2} = -\frac{2mE}{\hbar^2}\psi(x) = -k^2\psi(x)</math>ïŒ<math>k^2=\frac{2mE}{\hbar^2}</math>ïŒ
:<math>\psi(x)=A\cos kx+B\sin kx</math>
<math>\psi(0)=\psi(L)=0</math>ãã
:<math>\psi(x)=B\sin \frac{n\pi x}{L}</math>ïŒ<math>A=0,k=\frac{n \pi}{L}</math>ïŒ
ãšãªãããŸã<math>\int_0^{L}(\psi(x))^2 dx = 1</math>ãšãªãããã«''B''ãæ±ãããš
:<math>B=\sqrt{\frac{2}{L}}</math>
ãšãªã
:<math>\psi(x)=\sqrt{\frac{2}{L}}\sin \frac{n\pi x}{L}</math>
ãšãªãããŸããã®ãšãã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒ''E''ã¯
:<math>E=\frac{\hbar^2 k^2}{2m}=\frac{\hbar^2 n^2 \pi^2}{2m L^2}</math>
ãšãªãããšã³ãšã³ã®å€ããšãããšãåããã
== 1次å
éæ®µåããã³ã·ã£ã« ==
1次å
éæ®µåããã³ã·ã£ã«
: <math>\begin{cases}
V(x)=0(x<0)\\
V(x)=V_0(0 \leq x)
\end{cases}</math>
ãèããã
é å<math>x<0,x\leq 0</math>ã«ãããæ³¢å颿°ããããã<math>\psi_{-}(x),\psi_{+}(x)</math>ãšããïŒ
ããããã®ã·ã¥ã¬ãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã¯ïŒ
: <math> E\psi_-(x) = -\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{d^{2}\psi_-(x)}{dx^2} </math>
: <math> E\psi_+(x) =-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{d^{2}\psi_+(x)}{dx^2}+V_0\psi_+(x) </math>
ãšãªãïŒ
(1)<math>E < V_0</math>ã®å Žå
: <math> k_-=\sqrt{\frac{2mE}{\hbar}} </math>
: <math> k_+=\sqrt{\frac{2m(V_0-E)}{\hbar}} </math>
ãšãããšïŒã·ã¥ã¬ãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã¯ïŒ
: <math> \frac{d^{2}\psi_-(x)}{dx^2} = -k_-^2\psi_-(x) </math>
: <math> \frac{d^{2}\psi_+(x)}{dx^2} = k_+^2\psi_+(x) </math>
è§£ã¯
: <math> \psi_-(x) = C_-e^{-ik_-x} + C_+e^{ik_-x} </math>
: <math> \psi_+(x) = Ce^{-k_+x} </math>
ïŒ<math>\psi_+(x)</math>ã®<math>e^{k_+x}</math>ã®é
ã¯çºæ£ãïŒèŠæ Œåæ¡ä»¶ãæºãããªãé€å€ããïŒïŒ
æ³¢å颿°ã<math>x=0</math>ã§æ»ããã§ããæ¡ä»¶ãã宿°ãå®ããïŒ
: <math> \psi_-(0) = \psi_+(0) </math>
: <math> \frac{d\psi_-(0)}{dx} = \frac{d\psi_+(0)}{dx} </math>
ããïŒ
: <math> C_- + C_+ = C </math>
: <math> -ik_-C_- + ik_-C_+ = -k_+C </math>
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[[Category:éåååŠ|*]]
{{NDC|423}} | 2005-01-25T10:08:58Z | 2024-03-17T10:35:16Z | [
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"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Wikiversity",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Stub",
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1,551 | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
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[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
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[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/Making fusion images]]
[[es:Documentación en lÃnea de OsiriX/Fusionar imágenes]]
[[fr:Documentation en ligne de OsiriX/Fusionner des images]]
[[Category:OsiriX|ãµããããããããããããããã]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:13:28Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80_%E3%83%95%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F%E3%82%92%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B |
1,552 | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
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OsiriX ã¯ãéDICOM ç»ååã³ã ãŒããŒããµããŒãããŠããŸããDICOM ç»åãšåãããã«åçš®ç»åãé£ç¶ããç»åãæ±ãããšãã§ããŸããèšãæããã°ãåè»¢ãæ¡å€§çž®å°ããŠã€ã³ããŠå€ã®èª¿æŽãã«ã©ãŒç䌌衚瀺 (CLUT) ãã§ãããšããããšã§ãã
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OsiriX < ^ > | [
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"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "äžæŠãOsiriX ã«ããããç»åãåã蟌ãã§ããŸãã°ããããã®ç»åãDICOM 圢åŒãšããŠããã£ã¹ã¯äžã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãPACS ã·ã¹ãã ã«æžãåºããŸããOsiriX ã¯ããããã®ç»åãRAW, JPEG, TIFF, Quicktime 圢åŒã¯ãã¡ããã®ããšãçŽæ¥é»åã¡ãŒã«ã«ããæžãåºãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": ""
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] | < ^ > OsiriX ã¯ãéDICOM ç»ååã³ã ãŒããŒããµããŒãããŠããŸããDICOM ç»åãšåãããã«åçš®ç»åãé£ç¶ããç»åãæ±ãããšãã§ããŸããèšãæããã°ãåè»¢ãæ¡å€§çž®å°ããŠã€ã³ããŠå€ã®èª¿æŽãã«ã©ãŒç䌌衚瀺 (CLUT) ãã§ãããšããããšã§ãã äžæŠãOsiriX ã«ããããç»åãåã蟌ãã§ããŸãã°ããããã®ç»åãDICOM 圢åŒãšããŠããã£ã¹ã¯äžã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãPACS ã·ã¹ãã ã«æžãåºããŸããOsiriX ã¯ããããã®ç»åãRAW, JPEG, TIFF, Quicktime 圢åŒã¯ãã¡ããã®ããšãçŽæ¥é»åã¡ãŒã«ã«ããæžãåºãããšãã§ããŸãã OsiriX < ^ > | [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
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----
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<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_11.1.jpg]]<br>''OsiriX ã§QuickTime ã ãŒããŒãéããŠãããšãã''</center>
----
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
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[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/Opening non-DICOM images and movies]]
[[es:Documentación en lÃnea de OsiriX/Abrir imágenes que no sean DICOM y peliculas]]
[[Category:OsiriX|ã²DICOMããããããã²ããã²ãã]] | null | 2015-08-29T00:59:48Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80_%E9%9D%9EDICOM%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F%E3%82%84%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%82%92%E9%96%8B%E3%81%8F |
1,553 | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é DICOMç»åã«æžãåºã | < ^ >
OsiriX ã¯ãDICOM ç»åãTIFF, JPEG, RAW, DICOM ãQuickTime 圢åŒã«æžãåºããŸããç¹å®ã®åœ¢åŒã«æžãåºãããšã«ãã£ãŠã "PowerPoint" ã "Keynote" ã«ãããã¬ãŒã³ã "Word" æžé¡ãžåã蟌ãããšãå¯èœãªããã§ãã
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OsiriX < ^ > | [
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{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX ã¯ãDICOM ç»åãTIFF, JPEG, RAW, DICOM ãQuickTime 圢åŒã«æžãåºããŸããç¹å®ã®åœ¢åŒã«æžãåºãããšã«ãã£ãŠã \"PowerPoint\" ã \"Keynote\" ã«ãããã¬ãŒã³ã \"Word\" æžé¡ãžåã蟌ãããšãå¯èœãªããã§ãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
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"text": "1 ç»åãæžãåºãã«ã¯ãcommand ã㌠+ C ããŒã§ã¯ãªããããŒãã«ã³ããŒãããããŸã㯠\"2D Viewer\" ã¡ãã¥ãŒãéžæããŸãã \"Export\" ã¡ãã¥ãŒé
ç®ã«ã¯ãç»åä¿ååœ¢åŒ (Tiff, JPEG ç) ãéžæãããµãã¡ãã¥ãŒããããŸããããã©ã«ãã®ç°å¢èšå®ã§ã¯ãåäžã®æ¡ä»¶ (ãµã€ãºãåçãå転ããŠã€ã³ããŠã¬ãã«ç) ã§æžãåºããã¢ãã¿è¡šç€ºãããèšå®ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã 衚瀺ç»åã®æ
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"title": ""
},
{
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"title": ""
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{
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"text": "åãããšãé£ç¶ç»åããŒã¿ã®æžãåºãã«ãåœãŠã¯ãŸããŸãã \"Export to Quicktime\" ãéžæãããããŸãã¯ããŒã«ããŒãã \"Quicktime\" ãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŠæžãåºããŸããQuickTime 圢åŒãžã®æžãåºãã§ã¯ã4D Image fusion ããŒã¿ã®æžãåºããã§ããŸãã:",
"title": ""
},
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å§çž®åœ¢åŒããã¬ãŒã ã¬ãŒãã®å€æŽãã§ããŸããæè¯ç»è³ªã«ã¯JPEG å§çž®ãæšå¥šããŸãã",
"title": ""
},
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
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{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "åç»åãšåãµã€ãºã§ç»åã®æžãåºããèšå®ããããšãã§ããŸãã ç°å¢èšå® (Preferences ...) ãŠã€ã³ã㊠(OsiriX ã¡ãã¥ãŒé
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"title": ""
},
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX < ^ >",
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}
] | < ^ > OsiriX ã¯ãDICOM ç»åãTIFF, JPEG, RAW, DICOM ãQuickTime 圢åŒã«æžãåºããŸããç¹å®ã®åœ¢åŒã«æžãåºãããšã«ãã£ãŠã "PowerPoint" ã "Keynote" ã«ãããã¬ãŒã³ã "Word" æžé¡ãžåã蟌ãããšãå¯èœãªããã§ãã 1 ç»åãæžãåºãã«ã¯ãcommand ã㌠+ C ããŒã§ã¯ãªããããŒãã«ã³ããŒãããããŸã㯠"2D Viewer" ã¡ãã¥ãŒãéžæããŸãã "Export" ã¡ãã¥ãŒé
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ã«è¡šç€ºãããŸãã: åãããšãé£ç¶ç»åããŒã¿ã®æžãåºãã«ãåœãŠã¯ãŸããŸãã "Export to Quicktime" ãéžæãããããŸãã¯ããŒã«ããŒãã "Quicktime" ãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŠæžãåºããŸããQuickTime 圢åŒãžã®æžãåºãã§ã¯ã4D Image fusion ããŒã¿ã®æžãåºããã§ããŸãã: å§çž®åœ¢åŒããã¬ãŒã ã¬ãŒãã®å€æŽãã§ããŸããæè¯ç»è³ªã«ã¯JPEG å§çž®ãæšå¥šããŸãã åç»åãšåãµã€ãºã§ç»åã®æžãåºããèšå®ããããšãã§ããŸãã ç°å¢èšå® ãŠã€ã³ã㊠ãéžæã衚瀺ãŠã€ã³ããŠå
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----
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åãããšãé£ç¶ç»åããŒã¿ã®æžãåºãã«ãåœãŠã¯ãŸããŸãã "Export to Quicktime" ãéžæãããããŸãã¯ããŒã«ããŒãã "Quicktime" ãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŠæžãåºããŸããQuickTime 圢åŒãžã®æžãåºãã§ã¯ã4D Image fusion ããŒã¿ã®æžãåºããã§ããŸãã:
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----
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
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[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/Exporting DICOM images]]
[[es:Documentación en lÃnea de OsiriX/Exportar imágenes DICOM]]
[[Category:OsiriX|DICOMãããã«ãããã]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:11:21Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80_DICOM%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F%E3%81%AB%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%8D%E5%87%BA%E3%81%99 |
1,554 | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é 4Dãã¥ãŒã¢ã䜿çšãã | < ^ >
OsiriX ã¯4D Viewer ããµããŒãããŠããŸããçµæçã«åŸããã1 çäŸäžã®è€æ°ã·ãªãŒãºã衚瀺ã§ããŸããäŸãã°ãcardiac CT ããŒã¿ãã倿çžã®åæ§æã·ãªãŒãºããã·ãã¢ãŒãã§è¡šç€ºããããšãã§ããŸãã âLocal Databaseâ ãŠã€ã³ããŠå
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ã«åã蟌ãŸããããŒã«ããŒã«ãã â4D playerâ ã䜿çšããŠåç»åã®æäœã»é²èЧãã§ããŸãã
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OsiriX < ^ > | [
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"tag": "p",
"text": "< ^ >",
"title": ""
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"title": ""
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"tag": "p",
"text": "è€æ°ã·ãªãŒãºãéžæã㊠â4D Viewerâ ã¢ã€ã³ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ã",
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"text": "OsiriX < ^ >",
"title": ""
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] | < ^ > OsiriX ã¯4D Viewer ããµããŒãããŠããŸããçµæçã«åŸããã1 çäŸäžã®è€æ°ã·ãªãŒãºã衚瀺ã§ããŸããäŸãã°ãcardiac CT ããŒã¿ãã倿çžã®åæ§æã·ãªãŒãºããã·ãã¢ãŒãã§è¡šç€ºããããšãã§ããŸãã âLocal Databaseâ ãŠã€ã³ããŠå
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ã«åã蟌ãŸããããŒã«ããŒã«ãã â4D playerâ ã䜿çšããŠåç»åã®æäœã»é²èЧãã§ããŸãã è€æ°ã·ãªãŒãºãéžæã㊠â4D Viewerâ ã¢ã€ã³ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ã OsiriX < ^ > | [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é_DICOMç»åã«æžãåºã|<]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
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----
OsiriX ã¯4D Viewer ããµããŒãããŠããŸããçµæçã«åŸããã1 çäŸäžã®è€æ°ã·ãªãŒãºã衚瀺ã§ããŸããäŸãã°ãcardiac CT ããŒã¿ãã倿çžã®åæ§æã·ãªãŒãºããã·ãã¢ãŒãã§è¡šç€ºããããšãã§ããŸãã âLocal Databaseâ ãŠã€ã³ããŠå
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<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_14.1.jpg]]<br>''ããŒã«ããŒã® â4D playerâ ã§èª¿ç¯''</center>
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_14.2.jpg]]<br>''â4D playerâ æ©èœã¯MPR ãŠã€ã³ããŠã§ã䜿çšã§ããŸãã''</center>
----
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
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[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/Using the 4-D viewer]]
[[es:Documentación en lÃnea de OsiriX/Utilizar el visualizador 4-D]]
[[Category:OsiriX|4Dã²ããŒããããããã]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:11:07Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80_4D%E3%83%93%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A2%E3%82%92%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B |
1,555 | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é 倿é¢åæ§æåãäœæãã | < ^ >
OsiriX ã¯ã2 ã€ã®ç°ãªãMPR ã¢ãŒãããµããŒãããŠããŸãã: å
žåçãª2D MPR viewer ããã³çŽäº€æé¢ãããªã3D MPR viewer ã®2 çš®é¡ã§ãã
a) å
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2D MPR viewer ã§ã¯ã3D ããªã¥ãŒã å
ã®ä»»ææé¢ãMPR åãšããŠè¡šç€ºã§ããŸãã: ãµããŠã€ã³ããŠA ã«ãããŠé¢å¿é åãèšå®ããŸããèµ€ãåè§æ ãããŠã¹ã®ã¯ãªãã¯/ãã©ãã°ãå©çšããŠãã©ã€ã³äžå¿ãç§»åããŸããæ¬¡ã«ãéãèµ€ç·ãããŠã¹ã¯ãªãã¯ã§å転ãããŸã (X-Yé¢ã®å転) ãéç·ã¯äœæãããç»åæé¢ (ãµããŠã€ã³ããŠC) ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããèµ€ç·ã¯åçŽé¢ (ãµããŠã€ã³ããŠB) ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸãããµããŠã€ã³ããŠB ã«ãããŠãäœææé¢ (ãµããŠã€ã³ããŠC) ã«ãããZ 軞æ¹åã®è§åºŠä¿®æ£ãã§ããŸãã
(ãã®MPR ã¢ãŒãã¯ãããªãã®èšç®åŠçèœãèŠããŸãããã®ãããç»åãååŠçç³»ã«ãã倿ãã§ããããã¹ãŠã®ç»åã¯ç«æ¹ç»çŽ ã«è£éãããŸãã)
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ãã®ã¢ãŒãã¯ãçŽäº€ããè€æ°ã®MPR æé¢ãšããŠã3D ããªã¥ãŒã 衚瀺ãã§ããŸããããŒã«ããŒã«ãã3 åã®ã¹ã©ã€ãã䜿çšããŠçŽäº€æé¢ã倿ŽããŸãã:
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OsiriX < ^ > | [
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "< ^ >",
"title": ""
},
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX ã¯ã2 ã€ã®ç°ãªãMPR ã¢ãŒãããµããŒãããŠããŸãã: å
žåçãª2D MPR viewer ããã³çŽäº€æé¢ãããªã3D MPR viewer ã®2 çš®é¡ã§ãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "a) å
žåçãª2D MPR",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2D MPR viewer ã§ã¯ã3D ããªã¥ãŒã å
ã®ä»»ææé¢ãMPR åãšããŠè¡šç€ºã§ããŸãã: ãµããŠã€ã³ããŠA ã«ãããŠé¢å¿é åãèšå®ããŸããèµ€ãåè§æ ãããŠã¹ã®ã¯ãªãã¯/ãã©ãã°ãå©çšããŠãã©ã€ã³äžå¿ãç§»åããŸããæ¬¡ã«ãéãèµ€ç·ãããŠã¹ã¯ãªãã¯ã§å転ãããŸã (X-Yé¢ã®å転) ãéç·ã¯äœæãããç»åæé¢ (ãµããŠã€ã³ããŠC) ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããèµ€ç·ã¯åçŽé¢ (ãµããŠã€ã³ããŠB) ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸãããµããŠã€ã³ããŠB ã«ãããŠãäœææé¢ (ãµããŠã€ã³ããŠC) ã«ãããZ 軞æ¹åã®è§åºŠä¿®æ£ãã§ããŸãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(ãã®MPR ã¢ãŒãã¯ãããªãã®èšç®åŠçèœãèŠããŸãããã®ãããç»åãååŠçç³»ã«ãã倿ãã§ããããã¹ãŠã®ç»åã¯ç«æ¹ç»çŽ ã«è£éãããŸãã)",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "b) çŽäº€æé¢ãããªã3D MPR",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ã¢ãŒãã¯ãçŽäº€ããè€æ°ã®MPR æé¢ãšããŠã3D ããªã¥ãŒã 衚瀺ãã§ããŸããããŒã«ããŒã«ãã3 åã®ã¹ã©ã€ãã䜿çšããŠçŽäº€æé¢ã倿ŽããŸãã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã§ãã¯ããã¯ã¹ã®ã¯ãªãã¯ã§ãåæé¢ã®è¡šç€ºã»é衚瀺ãéžæããŸãã",
"title": ""
},
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"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX < ^ >",
"title": ""
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] | < ^ > OsiriX ã¯ã2 ã€ã®ç°ãªãMPR ã¢ãŒãããµããŒãããŠããŸãã: å
žåçãª2D MPR viewer ããã³çŽäº€æé¢ãããªã3D MPR viewer ã®2 çš®é¡ã§ãã a) å
žåçãª2D MPR 2D MPR viewer ã§ã¯ã3D ããªã¥ãŒã å
ã®ä»»ææé¢ãMPR åãšããŠè¡šç€ºã§ããŸãã: ãµããŠã€ã³ããŠA ã«ãããŠé¢å¿é åãèšå®ããŸããèµ€ãåè§æ ãããŠã¹ã®ã¯ãªãã¯ïŒãã©ãã°ãå©çšããŠãã©ã€ã³äžå¿ãç§»åããŸããæ¬¡ã«ãéãèµ€ç·ãããŠã¹ã¯ãªãã¯ã§å転ãããŸã (X-Yé¢ã®å転)ãéç·ã¯äœæãããç»åæé¢ (ãµããŠã€ã³ããŠC) ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããèµ€ç·ã¯åçŽé¢ (ãµããŠã€ã³ããŠB) ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸãããµããŠã€ã³ããŠB ã«ãããŠãäœææé¢ (ãµããŠã€ã³ããŠC) ã«ãããZ 軞æ¹åã®è§åºŠä¿®æ£ãã§ããŸãã b) çŽäº€æé¢ãããªã3D MPR ãã®ã¢ãŒãã¯ãçŽäº€ããè€æ°ã®MPR æé¢ãšããŠã3D ããªã¥ãŒã 衚瀺ãã§ããŸããããŒã«ããŒã«ãã3 åã®ã¹ã©ã€ãã䜿çšããŠçŽäº€æé¢ã倿ŽããŸãã: ãã§ãã¯ããã¯ã¹ã®ã¯ãªãã¯ã§ãåæé¢ã®è¡šç€ºã»é衚瀺ãéžæããŸãã OsiriX < ^ > | [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
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----
OsiriX ã¯ã2 ã€ã®ç°ãªãMPR ã¢ãŒãããµããŒãããŠããŸãã: å
žåçãª2D MPR viewer ããã³çŽäº€æé¢ãããªã3D MPR viewer ã®2 çš®é¡ã§ãã
'''a) å
žåçãª2D MPR'''
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_15.1.jpg]]<br>''2D MPR ãŠã€ã³ããŠ''</center>
2D MPR viewer ã§ã¯ã3D ããªã¥ãŒã å
ã®ä»»ææé¢ãMPR åãšããŠè¡šç€ºã§ããŸãã: ãµããŠã€ã³ããŠA ã«ãããŠé¢å¿é åãèšå®ããŸããèµ€ãåè§æ ãããŠã¹ã®ã¯ãªãã¯ïŒãã©ãã°ãå©çšããŠãã©ã€ã³äžå¿ãç§»åããŸããæ¬¡ã«ãéãèµ€ç·ãããŠã¹ã¯ãªãã¯ã§å転ãããŸã (X-Yé¢ã®å転) ãéç·ã¯äœæãããç»åæé¢ (ãµããŠã€ã³ããŠC) ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããèµ€ç·ã¯åçŽé¢ (ãµããŠã€ã³ããŠB) ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸãããµããŠã€ã³ããŠB ã«ãããŠãäœææé¢ (ãµããŠã€ã³ããŠC) ã«ãããZ 軞æ¹åã®è§åºŠä¿®æ£ãã§ããŸãã
(ãã®MPR ã¢ãŒãã¯ãããªãã®èšç®åŠçèœãèŠããŸãããã®ãããç»åãååŠçç³»ã«ãã倿ãã§ããããã¹ãŠã®ç»åã¯ç«æ¹ç»çŽ ã«è£éãããŸãã)
'''b) çŽäº€æé¢ãããªã3D MPR'''
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_16.1.jpg]]<br>''çŽäº€æé¢ãããªã3D MPR ã¢ãŒã''</center>
ãã®ã¢ãŒãã¯ãçŽäº€ããè€æ°ã®MPR æé¢ãšããŠã3D ããªã¥ãŒã 衚瀺ãã§ããŸããããŒã«ããŒã«ãã3 åã®ã¹ã©ã€ãã䜿çšããŠçŽäº€æé¢ã倿ŽããŸãã:
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_16.2.jpg]]<br>''çŽäº€ããåæé¢äœçœ®ã®èª¿ç¯''</center>
ãã§ãã¯ããã¯ã¹ã®ã¯ãªãã¯ã§ãåæé¢ã®è¡šç€ºã»é衚瀺ãéžæããŸãã
----
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
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¥é_3Dåæ§æåãäœæãã|>]]
[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/Multi-planar reconstruction (MPR)]]
[[es:Documentación en lÃnea de OsiriX/Reconstrucción multi-planar (MPR)]]
[[Category:OsiriX|ãããããããããããããããããããã]] | null | 2015-08-29T00:59:40Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80_%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%AD%E9%9D%A2%E5%86%8D%E6%A7%8B%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E3%82%92%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B |
1,556 | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é 3Dåæ§æåãäœæãã | < ^ >
OsiriX ã¯ã3 çš®é¡ã®3D åæ§ææ³ããµããŒãããŠããŸãã:
1) æå€§å€æåœ±æ³ (MIP)
ãã®åæ§ææ³ã¯ãæåœ±çµè·¯ã§æå€§å€ãæããç»çŽ ãåŠç衚瀺ãã âray-tracingâ ææ³ãå©çšããŠããŸããé 圱MRI ã CT åã³éªš CT ã§æçšãªåæ§ææ³ã§ãã
2) ããªã¥ãŒã ã¬ã³ããªã³ã°
ãã®åæ§ææ³ã¯ãåç»çŽ ã®äœçœ®ãå€ã«å¯ŸããŠãé£ç¶ããå
ã®ééã»äžéé床ãèšå®è¡šç€ºãã âray-tracingâ ææ³ãå©çšããŠããŸããMRI åã³CT ã«ãããè»éšçµç¹ç»åã®åæ§æè¡šç€ºã«é©ããŠããŸããæãå©çšãããŠãã3D ææ³ã§ãããå€ãã®å Žé¢ã§ç²Ÿç·»ãªç»åãæäŸã§ããããšã§ãããã
3) ãµãŒãã§ã¹ã¬ã³ããªã³ã°
ãŠãŒã¶ãå®çŸ©ãã âiso-contourâ ã«åºã¥ããŠã衚é¢åãäœæããŸãããã®ææ³ã¯ãä»®æ³å
èŠæ³ã骚CTã«æçšã§ãããã®åæ§ææ³ã«ã¯ã2ã€ã®ç°ãªã衚é¢å€ãèšå®ã§ããŸãã
OsiriX < ^ > | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "< ^ >",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX ã¯ã3 çš®é¡ã®3D åæ§ææ³ããµããŒãããŠããŸãã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1) æå€§å€æåœ±æ³ (MIP)",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åæ§ææ³ã¯ãæåœ±çµè·¯ã§æå€§å€ãæããç»çŽ ãåŠç衚瀺ãã âray-tracingâ ææ³ãå©çšããŠããŸããé 圱MRI ã CT åã³éªš CT ã§æçšãªåæ§ææ³ã§ãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2) ããªã¥ãŒã ã¬ã³ããªã³ã°",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åæ§ææ³ã¯ãåç»çŽ ã®äœçœ®ãå€ã«å¯ŸããŠãé£ç¶ããå
ã®ééã»äžéé床ãèšå®è¡šç€ºãã âray-tracingâ ææ³ãå©çšããŠããŸããMRI åã³CT ã«ãããè»éšçµç¹ç»åã®åæ§æè¡šç€ºã«é©ããŠããŸããæãå©çšãããŠãã3D ææ³ã§ãããå€ãã®å Žé¢ã§ç²Ÿç·»ãªç»åãæäŸã§ããããšã§ãããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "3) ãµãŒãã§ã¹ã¬ã³ããªã³ã°",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŠãŒã¶ãå®çŸ©ãã âiso-contourâ ã«åºã¥ããŠã衚é¢åãäœæããŸãããã®ææ³ã¯ãä»®æ³å
èŠæ³ã骚CTã«æçšã§ãããã®åæ§ææ³ã«ã¯ã2ã€ã®ç°ãªã衚é¢å€ãèšå®ã§ããŸãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX < ^ >",
"title": ""
}
] | < ^ > OsiriX ã¯ã3 çš®é¡ã®3D åæ§ææ³ããµããŒãããŠããŸãã: 1) æå€§å€æåœ±æ³ (MIP) ãã®åæ§ææ³ã¯ãæåœ±çµè·¯ã§æå€§å€ãæããç»çŽ ãåŠç衚瀺ãã âray-tracingâ ææ³ãå©çšããŠããŸããé 圱MRI ã CT åã³éªš CT ã§æçšãªåæ§ææ³ã§ãã 2) ããªã¥ãŒã ã¬ã³ããªã³ã° ãã®åæ§ææ³ã¯ãåç»çŽ ã®äœçœ®ãå€ã«å¯ŸããŠãé£ç¶ããå
ã®ééã»äžéé床ãèšå®è¡šç€ºãã âray-tracingâ ææ³ãå©çšããŠããŸããMRI åã³CT ã«ãããè»éšçµç¹ç»åã®åæ§æè¡šç€ºã«é©ããŠããŸããæãå©çšãããŠãã3D ææ³ã§ãããå€ãã®å Žé¢ã§ç²Ÿç·»ãªç»åãæäŸã§ããããšã§ãããã 3) ãµãŒãã§ã¹ã¬ã³ããªã³ã° ãŠãŒã¶ãå®çŸ©ãã âiso-contourâ ã«åºã¥ããŠã衚é¢åãäœæããŸãããã®ææ³ã¯ãä»®æ³å
èŠæ³ã骚CTã«æçšã§ãããã®åæ§ææ³ã«ã¯ã2ã€ã®ç°ãªã衚é¢å€ãèšå®ã§ããŸãã OsiriX < ^ > | [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é_倿é¢åæ§æåãäœæãã|<]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é_PACSã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãšããŠäœ¿çšãã|>]]
----
OsiriX ã¯ã3 çš®é¡ã®3D åæ§ææ³ããµããŒãããŠããŸãã:
'''1) æå€§å€æåœ±æ³ (MIP)'''
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_17.1.jpg]]<br>''3D MIP åæ§æå''</center>
ãã®åæ§ææ³ã¯ãæåœ±çµè·¯ã§æå€§å€ãæããç»çŽ ãåŠç衚瀺ãã âray-tracingâ ææ³ãå©çšããŠããŸããé 圱MRI ã CT åã³éªš CT ã§æçšãªåæ§ææ³ã§ãã
'''2) ããªã¥ãŒã ã¬ã³ããªã³ã°'''
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_18.1.jpg]]<br>''3D ããªã¥ãŒã ã¬ã³ããªã³ã°''</center>
ãã®åæ§ææ³ã¯ãåç»çŽ ã®äœçœ®ãå€ã«å¯ŸããŠãé£ç¶ããå
ã®ééã»äžéé床ãèšå®è¡šç€ºãã âray-tracingâ ææ³ãå©çšããŠããŸããMRI åã³CT ã«ãããè»éšçµç¹ç»åã®åæ§æè¡šç€ºã«é©ããŠããŸããæãå©çšãããŠãã3D ææ³ã§ãããå€ãã®å Žé¢ã§ç²Ÿç·»ãªç»åãæäŸã§ããããšã§ãããã
'''3) ãµãŒãã§ã¹ã¬ã³ããªã³ã°'''
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_19.1.jpg]]<br>''3D ãµãŒãã§ã¹ã¬ã³ããªã³ã°''</center>
ãŠãŒã¶ãå®çŸ©ãã âiso-contourâ ã«åºã¥ããŠã衚é¢åãäœæããŸãããã®ææ³ã¯ãä»®æ³å
èŠæ³ã骚CTã«æçšã§ãããã®åæ§ææ³ã«ã¯ã2ã€ã®ç°ãªã衚é¢å€ãèšå®ã§ããŸãã
----
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é_倿é¢åæ§æåãäœæãã|<]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é_PACSã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãšããŠäœ¿çšãã|>]]
[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/3-D reconstructions]]
[[es:Documentación en lÃnea de OsiriX/Reconstrucción 3-D]]
[[Category:OsiriX|3Dããããããããããããããã]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:10:52Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80_3D%E5%86%8D%E6%A7%8B%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E3%82%92%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B |
1,557 | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é PACSã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãšããŠäœ¿çšãã | < ^ >
ã¯ããOsiriX ãPACS ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãšããŠå©çšã§ããŸã!ãã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹æã ãã§äœåãã«ããããPACS ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã賌å
¥ãã¹ãã§ã¯ãããŸããã賌å
¥ããªãã§æãŸã£ãæã®äžéšãããããã³ããã·ã¥ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®è³Œå
¥è²»çšã«å
ãŠãã ãã!ã
OsiriX æèŒã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãžããŒã¿ãèªå転éããã«ã¯ãæ€æ»æ©åšã®èšå®ãããã°ãã¿ãŸãã: OsiriX ã®AETitle ãšPort çªå·ãèšå®ããã ãã§ãã (DICOMç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã ãåç
§)
OsiriX < ^ > | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "< ^ >",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ããOsiriX ãPACS ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãšããŠå©çšã§ããŸã!ãã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹æã ãã§äœåãã«ããããPACS ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã賌å
¥ãã¹ãã§ã¯ãããŸããã賌å
¥ããªãã§æãŸã£ãæã®äžéšãããããã³ããã·ã¥ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®è³Œå
¥è²»çšã«å
ãŠãã ãã!ã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX æèŒã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãžããŒã¿ãèªå転éããã«ã¯ãæ€æ»æ©åšã®èšå®ãããã°ãã¿ãŸãã: OsiriX ã®AETitle ãšPort çªå·ãèšå®ããã ãã§ãã (DICOMç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã ãåç
§)",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX < ^ >",
"title": ""
}
] | < ^ > ã¯ããOsiriX ãPACS ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãšããŠå©çšã§ããŸãïŒãã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹æã ãã§äœåãã«ããããPACS ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã賌å
¥ãã¹ãã§ã¯ãããŸããã賌å
¥ããªãã§æãŸã£ãæã®äžéšãããããã³ããã·ã¥ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®è³Œå
¥è²»çšã«å
ãŠãã ããïŒã OsiriX æèŒã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãžããŒã¿ãèªå転éããã«ã¯ãæ€æ»æ©åšã®èšå®ãããã°ãã¿ãŸãã: OsiriX ã®AETitle ãšPort çªå·ãèšå®ããã ãã§ãã OsiriX < ^ > | [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é_3Dåæ§æåãäœæãã|<]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é_2Dã·ãã¯ã»ã¹ã©ãã䜿çšãã|>]]
----
ã¯ããOsiriX ãPACS ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãšããŠå©çšã§ããŸãïŒãã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹æã ãã§äœåãã«ããããPACS ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã賌å
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OsiriX æèŒã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãžããŒã¿ãèªå転éããã«ã¯ãæ€æ»æ©åšã®èšå®ãããã°ãã¿ãŸãã: OsiriX ã®AETitle ãšPort çªå·ãèšå®ããã ãã§ãã ([[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é_DICOMç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã|DICOMç»åãèªã¿èŸŒã]] ãåç
§)
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_20.1.jpg]]<br>''次ã«ããªããéžæããPACS ã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³...''</center>
----
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é_3Dåæ§æåãäœæãã|<]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é_2Dã·ãã¯ã»ã¹ã©ãã䜿çšãã|>]]
[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/Using OsiriX as a PACS workstation]]
[[es:Documentación en lÃnea de OsiriX/Utilizar OsiriX como una estación PACS]]
[[fr:Documentation en ligne de OsiriX/Utiliser OsiriX comme station PACS]]
[[Category:OsiriX|PACSãããããŠãããããšããŠããããã]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:12:01Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80_PACS%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B |
1,573 | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é 2Dã·ãã¯ã»ã¹ã©ãã䜿çšãã | < ^ >
OsiriX ã¯ã2D thick slab ã¢ãŒãããµããŒãããŠããŸãããã«ãã¹ã©ã€ã¹CT ãå©çšããŠããç°å¢ã§ããšãããéèŠãªã¢ãŒãã§ããèšå€§ãªç»åã·ãªãŒãºãå¹çããæäœã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã
Thick slab ã¢ãŒãã¯ããŒã«ããŒã§èª¿ç¯ããŸãã:
ãã®ã¢ãŒãã«ã¯3 çš®é¡ã®ã¢ãŒãããããŸãã:
ã¹ã©ã€ããŒãæäœããŠã¹ã©ã€ã¹ææ°ã調ç¯ããŸãããŠã€ã³ããŠã®å·Šäžé
ã«thick slab ã®æ
å ±ã衚瀺ãããŸãã:
thick slab ã«é¢ããæŽã«è©³ããæ
å ±ã¯ã以äžã®æç®ãåç
§ããŠãã ããã:
OsiriX < ^ > | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "< ^ >",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX ã¯ã2D thick slab ã¢ãŒãããµããŒãããŠããŸãããã«ãã¹ã©ã€ã¹CT ãå©çšããŠããç°å¢ã§ããšãããéèŠãªã¢ãŒãã§ããèšå€§ãªç»åã·ãªãŒãºãå¹çããæäœã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Thick slab ã¢ãŒãã¯ããŒã«ããŒã§èª¿ç¯ããŸãã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ã¢ãŒãã«ã¯3 çš®é¡ã®ã¢ãŒãããããŸãã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ã©ã€ããŒãæäœããŠã¹ã©ã€ã¹ææ°ã調ç¯ããŸãããŠã€ã³ããŠã®å·Šäžé
ã«thick slab ã®æ
å ±ã衚瀺ãããŸãã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "thick slab ã«é¢ããæŽã«è©³ããæ
å ±ã¯ã以äžã®æç®ãåç
§ããŠãã ããã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX < ^ >",
"title": ""
}
] | < ^ > OsiriX ã¯ã2D thick slab ã¢ãŒãããµããŒãããŠããŸãããã«ãã¹ã©ã€ã¹CT ãå©çšããŠããç°å¢ã§ããšãããéèŠãªã¢ãŒãã§ããèšå€§ãªç»åã·ãªãŒãºãå¹çããæäœã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã Thick slab ã¢ãŒãã¯ããŒã«ããŒã§èª¿ç¯ããŸãã: ãã®ã¢ãŒãã«ã¯3 çš®é¡ã®ã¢ãŒãããããŸãã: å¹³åå€ (Mean): å
šã¹ã©ã€ã¹ãå ç®ããŠå¹³åå€ãèšç®ã
æå€§å€: å
šç»çŽ ã®æå€§å€ãåãåºããŠè¡šç€ºã
æå°å€: å
šç»çŽ ã®æå°å€ãåãåºããŠè¡šç€ºã ã¹ã©ã€ããŒãæäœããŠã¹ã©ã€ã¹ææ°ã調ç¯ããŸãããŠã€ã³ããŠã®å·Šäžé
ã«thick slab ã®æ
å ±ã衚瀺ãããŸãã: thick slab ã«é¢ããæŽã«è©³ããæ
å ±ã¯ã以äžã®æç®ãåç
§ããŠãã ããã: Gruden JF, Ouanounou S, Tigges S, Norris SD, Klausner TS. Incremental benefit of maximum-intensity-projection images on observer detection of small pulmonary nodules revealed by multidetector CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002 Jul;179(1):149-57.
Coakley FV, Cohen MD, Johnson MS, Gonin R, Hanna MP. Maximum intensity projection images in the detection of simulated pulmonary nodules by spiral CT. Br J Radiol. 1998 Feb;71(842):135-40.
Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Giraud F, Marquette C-H. Pulmonary nodules: detection with thick-section spiral CT versus conventional CT. Radiology 1993;187:513â520. OsiriX < ^ > | [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
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#Gruden JF, Ouanounou S, Tigges S, Norris SD, Klausner TS. Incremental benefit of maximum-intensity-projection images on observer detection of small pulmonary nodules revealed by multidetector CT. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&DB=pubmed AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002 Jul;179(1):149-57].
#Coakley FV, Cohen MD, Johnson MS, Gonin R, Hanna MP. Maximum intensity projection images in the detection of simulated pulmonary nodules by spiral CT. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9579176 Br J Radiol. 1998 Feb;71(842):135-40].
#Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Giraud F, Marquette C-H. Pulmonary nodules: detection with thick-section spiral CT versus conventional CT. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8475300 Radiology 1993;187:513â520].
----
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
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[[Category:OsiriX|2Dãã€ã ãããµãããããã]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:10:40Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80_2D%E3%82%B7%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96%E3%82%92%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B |
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{
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"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã©ã°ã€ã³æ©èœã䜿çšããã«ã¯ããã©ã°ã€ã³ãããŠã³ããŒããããããããã¯èªåã§äœæããå¿
èŠããããŸãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€ãã®ãã©ã°ã€ã³ (ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããå«ã) ãOsiriX ã®ãŠãšããµã€ãããããŠã³ããŒãã§ããŸãã:",
"title": "ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã®ããŠã³ããŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãµã€ãããå©çšå¯èœãªãã©ã°ã€ã³:",
"title": "ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã®ããŠã³ããŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "//ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã®äœ¿ç𿹿³ã®èšè¿°ãæ¯éãé¡ãèŽããŸãã",
"title": "ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã®ããŠã³ããŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã®ããŠã³ããŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "//ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã®äœ¿ç𿹿³ã®èšè¿°ãæ¯éãé¡ãèŽããŸãã",
"title": "ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã®ããŠã³ããŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã®éçºã«èå³ãããã°ãOsiriX ãã©ã°ã€ã³éçºããŒã«ãããããã¥ã¢ã« (PluginsManual.pdf) ããµã³ãã«ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãå«ã OsiriX ã® ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒã äžåŒãããŠã³ããŒãããã®ãããã§ãããã",
"title": "èªåã§ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãéçºãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éçºè
ã§ããAntoine M. D. æ°ã:",
"title": "èªåã§ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãéçºãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã®äœæã¯ãšãŠãç°¡åã§ããããå
šéšã¿ããªãã ã£!ãéçºç°å¢ (XCode) ã¯ãã¹ãŠã®Mac ã§äœ¿ãããã䜿ããããã°ãä»å±ã®Developer CD-ROM ããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã ãããã©ã°ã€ã³ã®äœæã«ã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãã£ãCèšèªã«ããèšè¿°ãå¿
èŠãªãã ããªããžã§ã¯ãã£ãC ã¯ãããããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã§ãã€ãããã¯ãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã ããããæ¬åœã£ãJava ã«äŒŒãŠããã©ãããã£ãšããã£ãšé«éã ãã!ã",
"title": "èªåã§ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãéçºãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã©ã°ã€ã³äœæã®è©³çްã«é¢ããŠã¯ãéçºããŒã«ãããã«ä»å±ããããã¥ã¢ã«ãåç
§ãããã OsiriX Divelopers Discussion Group ã«åå ããŠãã ããã",
"title": "èªåã§ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãéçºãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "èªåã§ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãéçºãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãå
¥æããããæ¬¡ã«ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãOsiriX ãèªèã§ããé©åãªå Žæã«é
眮ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX ã«ã¯ã3 ã±æã®é
çœ®å ŽæããããŸãã:",
"title": "ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèšã®ãã¡ãæåã®å Žæ (/Library/Application Support/OsiriX/plugins) ãæšå¥šããŸããããã¯ãå
šãŠã®ãŠãŒã¶ããã©ã°ã€ã³ãå©çšã§ããå Žæã§ãã",
"title": "ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX < ^ >",
"title": "ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã䜿çšãã"
}
] | < ^ > ãã©ã°ã€ã³æ©èœã䜿çšããã«ã¯ããã©ã°ã€ã³ãããŠã³ããŒããããããããã¯èªåã§äœæããå¿
èŠããããŸãã | [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é_ãã£ãšæ©ãåäœããã|<]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é_éçºè
ã«ã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ã¬ããŒããéä¿¡ãã|>]]
----
ãã©ã°ã€ã³æ©èœã䜿çšããã«ã¯ããã©ã°ã€ã³ãããŠã³ããŒããããããããã¯èªåã§äœæããå¿
èŠããããŸãã
==ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã®ããŠã³ããŒã==
å€ãã®ãã©ã°ã€ã³ (ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããå«ã) ãOsiriX ã®ãŠãšããµã€ãããããŠã³ããŒãã§ããŸãã:
<center>http://www.osirix-viewer.com/Plugins.html</center>
ãã®ãµã€ãããå©çšå¯èœãªãã©ã°ã€ã³:
* '''Image Filters'''
** Invert & Web browser
** Duplicate
** Fill Gaps
** T2 Fit Map
//ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã®äœ¿ç𿹿³ã®èšè¿°ãæ¯éãé¡ãèŽããŸãã
* '''ROI Tools'''
** ROI Enhancement
** ROI Creation
** Ejection Fraction Calculation
** Pixel Normalization
* '''Fusion Filters'''
** CT Angio Subtraction
** Ratio T2 Map
//ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã®äœ¿ç𿹿³ã®èšè¿°ãæ¯éãé¡ãèŽããŸãã
* '''Other Filters'''
** OpenGL
==èªåã§ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãéçºãã==
ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã®éçºã«èå³ãããã°ãOsiriX ãã©ã°ã€ã³éçºããŒã«ãããããã¥ã¢ã« ([https://svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/osirix/plugins/_help/ PluginsManual.pdf]) ããµã³ãã«ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãå«ã OsiriX ã® [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXãã£ãããããŒ_éçºè
åã³å¿åãŠãŒã¶ã®SVNã«ããã¢ã¯ã»ã¹| ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒã]] äžåŒãããŠã³ããŒãããã®ãããã§ãããã
éçºè
ã§ããAntoine M. D. æ°ã:
''OsiriX ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã®äœæã¯ãšãŠãç°¡åã§ããããå
šéšã¿ããªãã ã£ïŒãéçºç°å¢ (XCode) ã¯ãã¹ãŠã®Mac ã§äœ¿ãããã䜿ããããã°ãä»å±ã®Developer CD-ROM ããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã ãããã©ã°ã€ã³ã®äœæã«ã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãã£ãCèšèªã«ããèšè¿°ãå¿
èŠãªãã ããªããžã§ã¯ãã£ãC ã¯ãããããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã§ãã€ãããã¯ãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã ããããæ¬åœã£ãJava ã«äŒŒãŠããã©ãããã£ãšããã£ãšé«éã ããïŒã''
ãã©ã°ã€ã³äœæã®è©³çްã«é¢ããŠã¯ãéçºããŒã«ãããã«ä»å±ããããã¥ã¢ã«ãåç
§ãããã [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/osirix-dev/ OsiriX Divelopers Discussion Group] ã«åå ããŠãã ããã
==ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«==
ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãå
¥æããããæ¬¡ã«ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãOsiriX ãèªèã§ããé©åãªå Žæã«é
眮ããŸãã
OsiriX ã«ã¯ã3 ã±æã®é
çœ®å ŽæããããŸãã:
* /Library/Application Support/OsiriX/plugins (æ¥æ¬èªè¡šç€ºã§ã¯ã/ã©ã€ãã©ãª/ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãµããŒã/OsiriX/plugins)
* homeDirectory/Library/Application Support/OsiriX/plugins (æ¥æ¬èªè¡šç€ºã§ã¯ãå©çšè
ã®ããŒã /ã©ã€ãã©ãª/ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãµããŒã/OsiriX/plugins)
* OsiriX/Contents/Plugins (OsiriX æ¬äœã®ããã±ãŒãžå
容ã衚瀺ããŠãContents/Plugins)
äžèšã®ãã¡ãæåã®å Žæ (/Library/Application Support/OsiriX/plugins) ãæšå¥šããŸããããã¯ãå
šãŠã®ãŠãŒã¶ããã©ã°ã€ã³ãå©çšã§ããå Žæã§ãã
==ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã䜿çšãã==
----
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é_ãã£ãšæ©ãåäœããã|<]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é_éçºè
ã«ã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ã¬ããŒããéä¿¡ãã|>]]
[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/Using OsiriX Plugins]]
[[es:Documentación en lÃnea de OsiriX/Utilizar Plugins de OsiriX]]
[[Category:OsiriX|ãµãããããããããã]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:13:37Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80_%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%92%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B |
1,577 | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é éçºè
ã«ã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ã¬ããŒããéä¿¡ãã | < ^ |
誰ãããOsiriX ã æ±ºã㊠ã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ããªãããšãæã¿ãŸããããããäžå¹žã«ããŠã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ããŠããŸã£ãå Žåã«ã¯ãcrash repot ãéçºè
ã«å ±åããããšããéåžžã«æçšã§ãã
ãããå®è¡ããã«ã¯ã Applications (ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³) ãã©ã«ãå
ã® Utilities ãã©ã«ããéããŸãã
ãã®äžã« Console (ã³ã³ãœãŒã«) ãšããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå
¥ã£ãŠããŸãããããããã«ã¯ãªãã¯ããŠèµ·åããŸãã以äžã®å³ã®æ§ãªãŠã€ã³ããŠã衚瀺ããããšæããŸãã:
å©çšå¯èœãã°å
šãŠã衚瀺ãããµã€ããã€ã³ãéããŠããªããã°ãäžæ®µã«ãããã°ã¢ã€ã³ã³ãã¯ããªã¯ããŠããªã¹ã衚瀺ã«åãæ¿ããŸãã
次ã«ã ~/Library/Logs ã®å·Šã«ããäžè§ãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŸãããµããªã¹ã衚瀺ã«åãæ¿ãããŸãã以äžã®å³ã®ããã«è¡šç€ºãããã§ãããã:
次ã«ã CrashReporter ã®å·Šã«ããäžè§ãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŸããæŽã«ãµããªã¹ãã衚瀺ãããåçš®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®crash report ã衚瀺ãããŸãã以äžã®å³ã®ããã«è¡šç€ºãããã§ãããã:
ãã®ãªã¹ããã¹ã¯ããŒã«ããŠã OsiriX.crash.log ãæ¢ããŸãããããã¯ãªãã¯ããŠéžæãããšã以äžã®å³ã®ããã«ã峿 å
ã«å€ãã®ããã¹ãã衚瀺ãããŸãã
ãã®ããã¹ãæåŸã®èšè¿°ããä»åã®OsiriX ãã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ãããã°ã§ãããã®ããã¹ãéšåããã©ãã°ããŠã³ããŒããŸãããããé»åã¡ãŒã«ã«ããŒã¹ãããŠãOsiriX éçºè
å®ãŠã«éä¿¡ããŠãã ããã
OsiriX < ^ | | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "< ^ |",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "誰ãããOsiriX ã æ±ºã㊠ã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ããªãããšãæã¿ãŸããããããäžå¹žã«ããŠã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ããŠããŸã£ãå Žåã«ã¯ãcrash repot ãéçºè
ã«å ±åããããšããéåžžã«æçšã§ãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããå®è¡ããã«ã¯ã Applications (ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³) ãã©ã«ãå
ã® Utilities ãã©ã«ããéããŸãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®äžã« Console (ã³ã³ãœãŒã«) ãšããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå
¥ã£ãŠããŸãããããããã«ã¯ãªãã¯ããŠèµ·åããŸãã以äžã®å³ã®æ§ãªãŠã€ã³ããŠã衚瀺ããããšæããŸãã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å©çšå¯èœãã°å
šãŠã衚瀺ãããµã€ããã€ã³ãéããŠããªããã°ãäžæ®µã«ãããã°ã¢ã€ã³ã³ãã¯ããªã¯ããŠããªã¹ã衚瀺ã«åãæ¿ããŸãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ã ~/Library/Logs ã®å·Šã«ããäžè§ãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŸãããµããªã¹ã衚瀺ã«åãæ¿ãããŸãã以äžã®å³ã®ããã«è¡šç€ºãããã§ãããã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ã CrashReporter ã®å·Šã«ããäžè§ãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŸããæŽã«ãµããªã¹ãã衚瀺ãããåçš®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®crash report ã衚瀺ãããŸãã以äžã®å³ã®ããã«è¡šç€ºãããã§ãããã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãªã¹ããã¹ã¯ããŒã«ããŠã OsiriX.crash.log ãæ¢ããŸãããããã¯ãªãã¯ããŠéžæãããšã以äžã®å³ã®ããã«ã峿 å
ã«å€ãã®ããã¹ãã衚瀺ãããŸãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã¹ãæåŸã®èšè¿°ããä»åã®OsiriX ãã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ãããã°ã§ãããã®ããã¹ãéšåããã©ãã°ããŠã³ããŒããŸãããããé»åã¡ãŒã«ã«ããŒã¹ãããŠãOsiriX éçºè
å®ãŠã«éä¿¡ããŠãã ããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX < ^ |",
"title": ""
}
] | < ^ | 誰ãããOsiriX ã æ±ºã㊠ã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ããªãããšãæã¿ãŸããããããäžå¹žã«ããŠã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ããŠããŸã£ãå Žåã«ã¯ãcrash repot ãéçºè
ã«å ±åããããšããéåžžã«æçšã§ãã ãããå®è¡ããã«ã¯ã Applications (ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³) ãã©ã«ãå
ã® Utilities ãã©ã«ããéããŸãã ãã®äžã« Console (ã³ã³ãœãŒã«) ãšããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå
¥ã£ãŠããŸãããããããã«ã¯ãªãã¯ããŠèµ·åããŸãã以äžã®å³ã®æ§ãªãŠã€ã³ããŠã衚瀺ããããšæããŸãã: å©çšå¯èœãã°å
šãŠã衚瀺ãããµã€ããã€ã³ãéããŠããªããã°ãäžæ®µã«ãããã°ã¢ã€ã³ã³ãã¯ããªã¯ããŠããªã¹ã衚瀺ã«åãæ¿ããŸãã æ¬¡ã«ã ~/Library/Logs ã®å·Šã«ããäžè§ãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŸãããµããªã¹ã衚瀺ã«åãæ¿ãããŸãã以äžã®å³ã®ããã«è¡šç€ºãããã§ãããã: 次ã«ã CrashReporter ã®å·Šã«ããäžè§ãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŸããæŽã«ãµããªã¹ãã衚瀺ãããåçš®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®crash report ã衚瀺ãããŸãã以äžã®å³ã®ããã«è¡šç€ºãããã§ãããã: ãã®ãªã¹ããã¹ã¯ããŒã«ããŠã OsiriX.crash.log ãæ¢ããŸãããããã¯ãªãã¯ããŠéžæãããšã以äžã®å³ã®ããã«ã峿 å
ã«å€ãã®ããã¹ãã衚瀺ãããŸãã ãã®ããã¹ãæåŸã®èšè¿°ããä»åã®OsiriX ãã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ãããã°ã§ãããã®ããã¹ãéšåããã©ãã°ããŠã³ããŒããŸãããããé»åã¡ãŒã«ã«ããŒã¹ãããŠãOsiriX éçºè
å®ãŠã«éä¿¡ããŠãã ããã OsiriX < ^ | | [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é_ãã©ã°ã€ã³ã䜿çšãã|<]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] |
----
誰ãããOsiriX ã '''決ããŠ''' ã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ããªãããšãæã¿ãŸããããããäžå¹žã«ããŠã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ããŠããŸã£ãå Žåã«ã¯ãcrash repot ãéçºè
ã«å ±åããããšããéåžžã«æçšã§ãã
ãããå®è¡ããã«ã¯ã '''Applications (ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³)''' ãã©ã«ãå
ã® '''Utilities'''
ãã©ã«ããéããŸãã
ãã®äžã« '''Console (ã³ã³ãœãŒã«)''' ãšããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå
¥ã£ãŠããŸãããããããã«ã¯ãªãã¯ããŠèµ·åããŸãã以äžã®å³ã®æ§ãªãŠã€ã³ããŠã衚瀺ããããšæããŸãã:
<center>[[ç»å:OSXConsole1.jpg]]</center>
å©çšå¯èœãã°å
šãŠã衚瀺ãããµã€ããã€ã³ãéããŠããªããã°ãäžæ®µã«ãããã°ã¢ã€ã³ã³ãã¯ããªã¯ããŠããªã¹ã衚瀺ã«åãæ¿ããŸãã
次ã«ã '''~/Library/Logs''' ã®å·Šã«ããäžè§ãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŸãããµããªã¹ã衚瀺ã«åãæ¿ãããŸãã以äžã®å³ã®ããã«è¡šç€ºãããã§ãããã:
<center>[[ç»å:OSXConsole2.jpg]]</center>
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"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ±ãããç³»ã®ããã«ããã¢ã³ H ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}} ãã æ£ç¢ºã«è§£ã®æ±ãŸãããã«ããã¢ã³ H ^ 0 {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}_{0}} ãšã 埮å°ãªãºã¬ã衚ãããã«ããã¢ã³ H ^ â² {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}'} ã®åã§è¡šãããå ŽåãèããŸãã",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( λ {\\displaystyle \\lambda } ã¯åŸ®å°éã衚ãä¿æ°ã æçµç㫠λ {\\displaystyle \\lambda } ã®ããã§å±éããã)",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åœç¶ããã«ããã¢ã³ H ^ 0 {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}_{0}} ã¯æ£ç¢ºã«ããšãŸãç©ãšããã®ã§ã ãã®æ³¢åæ¹çšåŒã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«ãšããŸãã",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åœç¶",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠæ±ãããç³»ã®ããã«ããã¢ã³ H ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}} ã« é¢ããæ³¢åæ¹çšåŒã以äžã®ããã«ãšããŸãã",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«æåè«ã§ã¯ãã®æ¹çšåŒã®åºæå€ãšåºæé¢æ°ããããã H ^ 0 {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}_{0}} ã® å Žåããå°ãã ãããããšèããã®ã§ã 以äžã®ããã«ãšãäºãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®ããã«å€æ°ãåã£ãå Žåã«ãç³»ã«çž®éãç¡ããã°ã åºæå€ã¯ã",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºæç¶æ
ã¯ã",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšé 次埮å°é
ãæ±ããŠããäºãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çž®éãååšããå Žåã¯ã W 0 {\\displaystyle W_{0}} ã«ã€ããŠè€æ°ã®ç¶æ
ãååšããŸãã ã§ãããNéã®çž®éãããŠããå Žåã | Ï 0 â© {\\displaystyle \\left|\\psi _{0}\\right\\rangle } ã¯",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããããããã®ç¶æ
ã®éãåããã§è¡šçŸãããŸãã ( | n i â© {\\displaystyle \\left|n_{i}\\right\\rangle } ã¯åºæç¶æ
ã a n i {\\displaystyle a_{n_{i}}} ã¯ããããã®åºæç¶æ
ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããé©åœãªä¿æ°)",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããèæ
®ããŠè§£ããŠãããšæåã®äžæ¬¡ã®åºæå€ W 1 {\\displaystyle W_{1}} ã¯",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããæåã®ããã«ããã¢ã³ã(æåã®ãŒã次ã®åºæç¶æ
ã§)è¡å衚瀺ããå Žåã®åºæå€æ¹çšåŒã§åŸãããŸãã",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«ãã®åºæå€æ¹çšåŒãã a n i {\\displaystyle a_{n_{i}}} ãæ±ãŸãã ããã§å§ã㊠| Ï 0 â© {\\displaystyle \\left|\\psi _{0}\\right\\rangle } ãåŸãããäºãããããŸãã",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠæåã®äžæ¬¡ã®åºæç¶æ
ã¯",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããŠ",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæ±ãŸããŸãã",
"title": "æåè«ã®æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ H 0 {\\displaystyle H_{0}} ã¯æåãåãã(å°ãã ããºã©ããã)åã®ããã«ããã¢ã³ã§ã 察å¿ããæ³¢åæ¹çšåŒãæ£ç¢ºã«è§£ããç©ã§ãã äžæ¹ H â² {\\displaystyle H'} ã¯åããæå(ãºã¬)ã衚ãé
ã§ãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠãã®æåãåããããã«ããã¢ã³ H {\\displaystyle H} ã«ããæ³¢åæ¹çšåŒ",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯æ£ç¢ºã«ã¯è§£ããªãã¯ãã§ãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
ã® H , H â² , H 0 , Ï , E {\\displaystyle H,H',H_{0},\\psi ,E} ã¯ãããã ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»ãã¯ãã«ã»è¡åã§è¡šããã®ã§ã ãŸãããããç°¡åãªãã¯ãã«ãšè¡åã«çœ®ãæããŠè°è«ããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®ã·ã¥ã¬ãã£ã³ã¬ãŒã®æ¹çšåŒãšãã®èŠçŽ ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããç©ãèããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å Žå H 0 {\\displaystyle H_{0}} ããã®ãŸãŸè§£ããšã Ï â = ( 1 0 ) , ( 0 1 ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {\\psi }}={\\begin{pmatrix}1\\\\0\\end{pmatrix}},{\\begin{pmatrix}0\\\\1\\end{pmatrix}}} ã§ãåºæå€ããããã E = E 1 , E 2 {\\displaystyle E=E_{1},E_{2}} ãšãªãæ£ç¢ºã«è§£ãæ±ãŸããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšã«ããæåãåããããã«ããã¢ã³ã®å Žåã§åºæå€ãæ±ããããšã«ããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãåºæå€æ¹çšåŒãèšç®ãããšã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§åºæå€ãå
ã® E 1 {\\displaystyle E_{1}} ãã ε ^ {\\displaystyle {\\hat {\\epsilon }}} ã ãããããšãããšã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã ε {\\displaystyle \\epsilon } ã®äžæ¬¡ã®ãªãŒããŒã§åºæå€æ¹çšåŒãè§£ããšã (çž®éãç¡ãå Žå㯠E 1 â E 2 {\\displaystyle E_{1}\\neq E_{2}} ãªã®ã§)",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ§ã« E 2 {\\displaystyle E_{2}} ããã®ãã㯠ε 2 {\\displaystyle \\epsilon _{2}} ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«ã E 1 + ε 1 {\\displaystyle E_{1}+\\epsilon _{1}} ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããåºæãã¯ãã«ã ä»®ã« Ï â = ( 1 ε ~ ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {\\psi }}={\\begin{pmatrix}1\\\\{\\tilde {\\epsilon }}\\end{pmatrix}}} ãšçœ®ã㊠ã·ã¥ã¬ãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒãè§£ããšã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãæ±ããäºãã§ããŸã ( ε {\\displaystyle \\epsilon } ã®äºä¹ä»¥äžã®é
ã¯ç¡èŠããŠããã®ã«æ³šæ)ã ãã®çµæã¯éåååŠã®çµæãšäžèŽããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
ã®ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°ã«ãããå Žåãããã©ã±ãããšæŒç®åãçšããŠèšç®ããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåãåããŠããªãããã«ããã¢ã³ H ^ 0 {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}_{0}} ã«é¢ãã ã·ã¥ã¬ãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã¯ãã©ã±ãããšæŒç®åãçšããŠ",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãæºåãšããŠãã¹ãŠã®åŸ®å°éã«ä¿æ°Î»ããããäºãšããŸãã ããã«ããæçµçã«Î»ã®ããã§å±éããäºãå¯èœã«ãªããŸãã ã€ãŸãããã«ããã¢ã³ã®æåã«ãã广ã衚ã H ^ â² {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}'} ã¯åŸ®å°éãªã®ã§ã λãã€ããŠè¡šãããæåãåããããã«ããã¢ã³ã¯ã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šãããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠè§£ãã¹ãã·ã¥ã¬ãã£ã³ã¬ãŒã®æ¹çšåŒã¯",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã(W: ãšãã«ã®ãŒåºæå€)ã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§åºæç¶æ
ã® | Ï â© {\\displaystyle \\left|\\psi \\right\\rangle } ãšã åºæå€Wã¯ãæåãåããŠããªãå Žåããå°ããããã¯ããªã®ã§ã ãããã以äžã®ããã«è¡šããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§åŸ®å°éã¯æåã®ç¡ãå Žåããã®ãºã¬ã衚ãã®ã§ã埮å°ã§ãªãé
ã¯ãããã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãæåã®ç¡ãå Žåã®åºæå€ãšåºæç¶æ
ã«ãªãäºã«æ³šæã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠãããã®åºæå€ãšåºæç¶æ
ãè§£ãã¹ãæ¹çšåŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããšä»¥äžã®ããã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããλã®ããã«ã€ããŠå±éãããšä»¥äžã®åæ¹çšåŒãåŸãããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠããããæ±ããã埮å°éã®ãªãŒããŒã®æ¹çšåŒãŸã§è§£ãããšã§ è¿äŒŒè§£ãåŸãŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "0æ¬¡ã®æ¹çšåŒãè§£ããŸãã å
ã0æ¬¡ã®æ¹çšåŒãå±éãããšã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããããã¯æåã®ç¡ãå Žåãšåããªã®ã§åºæå€ãšåºæç¶æ
ã¯ãããã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1æ¬¡ã®æ¹çšåŒãè§£ããŸãã å
ã0æ¬¡ã®æ¹çšåŒãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã®ãå€ããŸãã®ã§ããããå©çšããããã«ã 1æ¬¡ã®æ¹çšåŒã«å·Šãã âš Ï 0 | {\\displaystyle \\left\\langle \\psi _{0}\\right|} ããããŠ",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšåŸ®å°éã®1次ãŸã§ã®åºæå€ãæ±ãŸããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«åºæç¶æ
ãæ±ããããã«",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããçŽæ°ã«çœ®ããŠè§£ãæ±ããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããçŽæ°ã1æ¬¡ã®æ¹çšåŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããš",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã H ^ 0 | k â© = E k | k â© {\\displaystyle {\\hat {H}}_{0}\\left|k\\right\\rangle =E_{k}\\left|k\\right\\rangle } ã§ããäºã«æ³šæã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«ããã«å·Šãã âš m | {\\displaystyle \\left\\langle m\\right|} ããããŸã( m â n {\\displaystyle m\\neq n} )ã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ m â k {\\displaystyle m\\neq k} ã®å Žåã«ã¯ âš m | k â© = 0 {\\displaystyle \\left\\langle m|k\\right\\rangle =0} ãšãªãé
ãæ¶ããã®ã§ã巊蟺ã®sumãæ¶ããŠããäºã«æ³šæã ãããŠã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããçµæãåŸãããç·åœ¢ä»£æ°ã®å ŽåãšåãçµæãšãªããŸãã ãããå
ã®åŒã«ä»£å
¥ããŠåºæç¶æ
ãæžããš",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«"
}
] | null | ==æåè«ã®æŠèŠ==
çŸå®çãªç³»ã§ã¯æ³¢åæ¹çšåŒã®è§£ãã«ãããªããšãŸãäŸãããªããããªãã
äœããã®æ¹æ³ã§è¿äŒŒçã«è§£ãäºãå¿
èŠãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã
ãã®æ¹æ³ãæåè«ã§ãã
æ£ç¢ºã«è§£ããç³»ã®ããã«ããã¢ã³ãå°ãã ããºã©ãã°ã
ãã®åºæé¢æ°ãšåºæå€ãå°ãã ãå€åããã¯ãã§ãã
ãã®ãããè¿äŒŒçã«æ±ãããšããã®ãç®çã«ãªããŸãã
===䜿ã倿°===
æ±ãããç³»ã®ããã«ããã¢ã³<math>\hat H</math>ãã
æ£ç¢ºã«è§£ã®æ±ãŸãããã«ããã¢ã³<math>\hat H_0</math>ãšã
埮å°ãªãºã¬ã衚ãããã«ããã¢ã³<math>\hat H'</math>ã®åã§è¡šãããå ŽåãèããŸãã
:<math>\hat H = \hat H_0 + \lambda \hat H'</math>
(<math>\lambda</math>ã¯åŸ®å°éã衚ãä¿æ°ã
æçµçã«<math>\lambda</math>ã®ããã§å±éããã)
åœç¶ããã«ããã¢ã³<math>\hat H_0</math>ã¯æ£ç¢ºã«ããšãŸãç©ãšããã®ã§ã
ãã®æ³¢åæ¹çšåŒã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«ãšããŸãã
:<math>\hat H_0 \left|\psi_0\right\rangle = W_0 \left|\psi_0\right\rangle</math>
åœç¶
:<math>\left|\psi_0\right\rangle = \left| n \right\rangle</math>
:<math>W_0 = E_n</math>
ãšãªããŸãã
ãããŠæ±ãããç³»ã®ããã«ããã¢ã³<math>\hat H</math>ã«
é¢ããæ³¢åæ¹çšåŒã以äžã®ããã«ãšããŸãã
:<math>\hat H \left|\psi\right\rangle = W \left|\psi\right\rangle</math>
ããã«æåè«ã§ã¯ãã®æ¹çšåŒã®åºæå€ãšåºæé¢æ°ããããã<math>\hat H_0</math>ã®
å Žåããå°ãã ãããããšèããã®ã§ã
以äžã®ããã«ãšãäºãã§ããŸãã
:<math>
\left|\psi\right\rangle
= \left|\psi_0\right\rangle
+ \lambda \left|\psi_1\right\rangle
+ \lambda^2 \left|\psi_2\right\rangle
+ \cdots
</math>
:<math>W = W_0 + \lambda W_1 + \lambda^2 W_2 + \cdots</math>
===çž®éãç¡ãå Žå===
äžã®ããã«å€æ°ãåã£ãå Žåã«ãç³»ã«çž®éãç¡ããã°ã
åºæå€ã¯ã
:<math>W_0 = E_n</math>
:<math>W_s = \left\langle n \right| \hat H' \left| \psi_{s-1} \right\rangle \qquad (s=1,2,\cdots)</math>
:<math>W_1 = \left\langle n \right| \hat H' \left| n \right\rangle</math>
:<math>
W_2
= - \sum_{m \neq n}
\frac{
\left| \left\langle n \right| \hat H' \left| m \right\rangle \right|^2
}{
E_m - E_n
}
</math>
åºæç¶æ
ã¯ã
:<math>\left|\psi_0\right\rangle = \left| n \right\rangle</math>
:<math>
\left|\psi_1\right\rangle
= - \sum_{m \neq n}
\frac{
\left\langle m \right| \hat H' \left| n \right\rangle
}{
E_m - E_n
}
\left| m \right\rangle
</math>
:<math>
\left|\psi_2\right\rangle
= - \frac{
\left\langle m \right| \hat H' \left| n \right\rangle
\left\langle n \right| \hat H' \left| n \right\rangle
}{
( E_m - E_n )^2
}
+ \sum_{k \neq n} \frac{
\left\langle m \right| \hat H' \left| k \right\rangle
\left\langle k \right| \hat H' \left| n \right\rangle
}{
( E_m - E_n )( E_k - E_n )
}
\qquad (m \neq n)
</math>
ãšé 次埮å°é
ãæ±ããŠããäºãã§ããŸãã
===çž®éãããå Žå===
çž®éãååšããå Žåã¯ã<math>W_0</math>ã«ã€ããŠè€æ°ã®ç¶æ
ãååšããŸãã
ã§ãããNéã®çž®éãããŠããå Žåã<math>\left|\psi_0\right\rangle</math>ã¯
:<math>
\left|\psi_0\right\rangle
= a_{n_1}\left|n_1\right\rangle
+ a_{n_2}\left|n_2\right\rangle
+ \cdots
+ a_{n_N}\left|n_N\right\rangle
</math>
ãšããããããã®ç¶æ
ã®éãåããã§è¡šçŸãããŸãã
(<math>\left|n_i\right\rangle</math>ã¯åºæç¶æ
ã
<math>a_{n_i}</math>ã¯ããããã®åºæç¶æ
ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããé©åœãªä¿æ°)
ãããèæ
®ããŠè§£ããŠãããšæåã®äžæ¬¡ã®åºæå€<math>W_1</math>ã¯
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
\left\langle n_1 \right| H' \left|n_1\right\rangle & \cdots & \left\langle n_1 \right| H' \left|n_N\right\rangle \\
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
\left\langle n_N \right| H' \left|n_1\right\rangle & \cdots & \left\langle n_N \right| H' \left|n_N\right\rangle
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
a_{n_1} \\
\vdots \\
a_{n_N}
\end{pmatrix}
= W_1
\begin{pmatrix}
a_{n_1} \\
\vdots \\
a_{n_N}
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
ãšããæåã®ããã«ããã¢ã³ã(æåã®ãŒã次ã®åºæç¶æ
ã§)è¡å衚瀺ããå Žåã®åºæå€æ¹çšåŒã§åŸãããŸãã
ããã«ãã®åºæå€æ¹çšåŒãã<math>a_{n_i}</math>ãæ±ãŸãã
ããã§å§ããŠ<math>\left|\psi_0\right\rangle</math>ãåŸãããäºãããããŸãã
ãããŠæåã®äžæ¬¡ã®åºæç¶æ
ã¯
:<math>
\left|\psi_1\right\rangle
= \sum_{k\neq 1,\cdots,N} a_{n_k} \left| n_k \right\rangle
</math>
ãšããŠ
:<math>
a_{n_k}
= -
\frac{
\left\langle n_k \right| H' \left|n_1\right\rangle a_{n_1}
+ \cdots
+ \left\langle n_k \right| H' \left| n_N \right\rangle a_{n_N}
}{
E_k - W_0
}
</math>
ãšæ±ãŸããŸãã
==æéã«äŸåããªãæåè«==
:<math>H=H_0+H'</math>
ããã§<math>H_0</math>ã¯æåãåãã(å°ãã ããºã©ããã)åã®ããã«ããã¢ã³ã§ã
察å¿ããæ³¢åæ¹çšåŒãæ£ç¢ºã«è§£ããç©ã§ãã
äžæ¹<math>H'</math>ã¯åããæå(ãºã¬)ã衚ãé
ã§ãã
ãããŠãã®æåãåããããã«ããã¢ã³<math>H</math>ã«ããæ³¢åæ¹çšåŒ
:<math>H\psi=E\psi</math>
ã¯æ£ç¢ºã«ã¯è§£ããªãã¯ãã§ãã
===ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°ã«ãããæåè«===
å
ã®<math>H, H', H_0, \psi, E</math>ã¯ãããã
ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»ãã¯ãã«ã»è¡åã§è¡šããã®ã§ã
ãŸãããããç°¡åãªãã¯ãã«ãšè¡åã«çœ®ãæããŠè°è«ããŸãã
次ã®ã·ã¥ã¬ãã£ã³ã¬ãŒã®æ¹çšåŒãšãã®èŠçŽ ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããç©ãèããŸãã
:<math>H\vec\psi=E\vec\psi</math>
:<math>
H_0=\begin{pmatrix}E_1&0\\0&E_2\end{pmatrix},
H'=\begin{pmatrix}\epsilon_1&\epsilon^*_3\\\epsilon_3&\epsilon_2\end{pmatrix}
</math>
:<math>
H=H_0+H'=
\begin{pmatrix}
E_1+\epsilon_1 & \epsilon^*_3 \\
\epsilon_3 & E_2+\epsilon^2
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
ãã®å Žå<math>H_0</math>ããã®ãŸãŸè§£ããšã<math>\vec\psi=\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\end{pmatrix},
\begin{pmatrix}0\\1\end{pmatrix}</math>ã§ãåºæå€ããããã
<math>E=E_1, E_2</math>ãšãªãæ£ç¢ºã«è§£ãæ±ãŸããŸãã
ãšã«ããæåãåããããã«ããã¢ã³ã®å Žåã§åºæå€ãæ±ããããšã«ããŸãã
ãŸãåºæå€æ¹çšåŒãèšç®ãããšã
:<math>
\det\begin{pmatrix}
E_1+\epsilon_1-\kappa & \epsilon^*_3 \\
\epsilon_3 & E_2+\epsilon_2-\kappa
\end{pmatrix}
= 0
</math>
:<math>(E_1+\epsilon_1-\kappa)(E_2+\epsilon_2-\kappa)-|\epsilon_3|^2=0</math>
ããã§åºæå€ãå
ã®<math>E_1</math>ãã<math>\hat\epsilon</math>ã ãããããšãããšã
:<math>\kappa=E_1+\hat\epsilon</math>
ã§ããã<math>\epsilon</math>ã®äžæ¬¡ã®ãªãŒããŒã§åºæå€æ¹çšåŒãè§£ããšã
(çž®éãç¡ãå Žåã¯<math>E_1\neq E_2</math>ãªã®ã§)
:<math>\hat\epsilon=\epsilon_1</math>
ãšãªããŸãã
åæ§ã«<math>E_2</math>ããã®ããã¯<math>\epsilon_2</math>ãšãªããŸãã
ããã«ã<math>E_1+\epsilon_1</math>ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããåºæãã¯ãã«ã
ä»®ã«<math>\vec\psi=\begin{pmatrix}1\\\tilde\epsilon\end{pmatrix}</math>ãšçœ®ããŠ
ã·ã¥ã¬ãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒãè§£ããšã
:<math>\tilde\epsilon=\frac{\epsilon_3}{E_1-E_2}</math>
ãšãªãæ±ããäºãã§ããŸã
(<math>\epsilon</math>ã®äºä¹ä»¥äžã®é
ã¯ç¡èŠããŠããã®ã«æ³šæ)ã
ãã®çµæã¯éåååŠã®çµæãšäžèŽããŸãã
===çž®éãç¡ãå Žåã®æåè«===
å
ã®ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°ã«ãããå Žåãããã©ã±ãããšæŒç®åãçšããŠèšç®ããŸãã
æåãåããŠããªãããã«ããã¢ã³<math>\hat H_0</math>ã«é¢ãã
ã·ã¥ã¬ãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã¯ãã©ã±ãããšæŒç®åãçšããŠ
:<math>\hat H_0 \left| n \right\rangle = E_n \left| n \right\rangle</math>
ãšè¡šããŸãã
ãŸãæºåãšããŠãã¹ãŠã®åŸ®å°éã«ä¿æ°λããããäºãšããŸãã
ããã«ããæçµçã«λã®ããã§å±éããäºãå¯èœã«ãªããŸãã
ã€ãŸãããã«ããã¢ã³ã®æåã«ãã广ã衚ã<math>\hat H'</math>ã¯åŸ®å°éãªã®ã§ã
λãã€ããŠè¡šãããæåãåããããã«ããã¢ã³ã¯ã
:<math>\hat H = \hat H_0 + \lambda \hat H'</math>
ãšè¡šãããŸãã
ãããŠè§£ãã¹ãã·ã¥ã¬ãã£ã³ã¬ãŒã®æ¹çšåŒã¯
:<math>\hat H \left| \psi \right\rangle = W \left| \psi \right\rangle</math>
ãšãªããŸãã(W: ãšãã«ã®ãŒåºæå€)ã
ããã§åºæç¶æ
ã®<math>\left| \psi \right\rangle</math>ãšã
åºæå€Wã¯ãæåãåããŠããªãå Žåããå°ããããã¯ããªã®ã§ã
ãããã以äžã®ããã«è¡šããŸãã
:<math>
\left| \psi \right\rangle =
\left| \psi_0 \right\rangle +
\lambda \left| \psi_1 \right\rangle +
\lambda^2 \left| \psi_2 \right\rangle +
\cdots
</math>
:<math>
W = W_0 + \lambda W_1 + \lambda^2 W_2 + \cdots
</math>
ããã§åŸ®å°éã¯æåã®ç¡ãå Žåããã®ãºã¬ã衚ãã®ã§ã埮å°ã§ãªãé
ã¯ãããã
:<math>\left| \psi_0 \right\rangle = \left| n \right\rangle</math>
:<math>W_0 = E_n</math>
ãšãæåã®ç¡ãå Žåã®åºæå€ãšåºæç¶æ
ã«ãªãäºã«æ³šæã
ãããŠãããã®åºæå€ãšåºæç¶æ
ãè§£ãã¹ãæ¹çšåŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããšä»¥äžã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
:<math>
(\hat H_0+\lambda\hat H')
\left(
\left| \psi_0 \right\rangle +
\lambda \left| \psi_1 \right\rangle +
\lambda^2 \left| \psi_2 \right\rangle +
\cdots
\right)
=
( W_0 + \lambda W_1 + \lambda^2 W_2 + \cdots )
\left(
\left| \psi_0 \right\rangle +
\lambda \left| \psi_1 \right\rangle +
\lambda^2 \left| \psi_2 \right\rangle +
\cdots
\right)
</math>
ãããλã®ããã«ã€ããŠå±éãããšä»¥äžã®åæ¹çšåŒãåŸãããŸãã
:<math>
\lambda^0: \quad (\hat H_0-W_0)\left|\psi_0\right\rangle = 0
</math>
:<math>
\lambda^1: \quad (\hat H_0-W_0) \left|\psi_1\right\rangle
= (W_1-\hat H') \left|\psi_0\right\rangle
</math>
:<math>
\lambda^2: \quad (\hat H_0-W_0) \left|\psi_2\right\rangle
= (W_1-\hat H') \left|\psi_1\right\rangle
+ W_2 \left|\psi_0\right\rangle
</math>
:<math>
\lambda^3: \quad (\hat H_0-W_0) \left|\psi_3\right\rangle
= (W_1-\hat H') \left|\psi_2\right\rangle
+ W_2 \left|\psi_1\right\rangle
+ W_3 \left|\psi_0\right\rangle
</math>
ãããŠããããæ±ããã埮å°éã®ãªãŒããŒã®æ¹çšåŒãŸã§è§£ãããšã§
è¿äŒŒè§£ãåŸãŸãã
'''0æ¬¡ã®æ¹çšåŒ'''ãè§£ããŸãã
å
ã0æ¬¡ã®æ¹çšåŒãå±éãããšã
:<math> \hat H_0 \left| \psi_0 \right\rangle = W_0 \left| \psi_0 \right\rangle </math>
ãšãªããããã¯æåã®ç¡ãå Žåãšåããªã®ã§åºæå€ãšåºæç¶æ
ã¯ãããã
:<math>\left| \psi_0 \right\rangle = \left| n \right\rangle</math>
:<math>W_0 = E_n</math>
ãšè¡šããŸãã
'''1æ¬¡ã®æ¹çšåŒ'''ãè§£ããŸãã
å
ã0æ¬¡ã®æ¹çšåŒãã
:<math>\left\langle\psi_0\right|(\hat H_0-W_0)=0</math>
ãšããã®ãå€ããŸãã®ã§ããããå©çšããããã«ã
1æ¬¡ã®æ¹çšåŒã«å·Šãã<math>\left\langle\psi_0\right|</math>ããããŠ
:<math>
\left\langle\psi_0\right| (\hat H_0 - W_0 ) \left|\psi_1\right\rangle
= \left\langle\psi_0\right| W_1 \left|\psi_0\right\rangle
- \left\langle\psi_0\right| \hat H' \left|\psi_0\right\rangle
</math>
:<math>
\Leftrightarrow
0
= W_1
- \left\langle\psi_0\right| \hat H' \left|\psi_0\right\rangle
</math>
:<math>
\Leftrightarrow
W_1 = \left\langle n \right| \hat H' \left| n \right\rangle
</math>
ãšåŸ®å°éã®1次ãŸã§ã®åºæå€ãæ±ãŸããŸãã
次ã«åºæç¶æ
ãæ±ããããã«
:<math>
\left|\psi_1\right\rangle = \sum_{k\neq n} a^{(1)}_k \left|k\right\rangle
</math>
ãšããçŽæ°ã«çœ®ããŠè§£ãæ±ããŸãã
ãã®ããçŽæ°ã1æ¬¡ã®æ¹çšåŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããš
:<math>
\sum_{k\neq n} a^{(1)}_k (E_k-E_n) \left|k\right\rangle
= ( W_1 - \hat H' ) \left| n \right\rangle
</math>
ãšãªããŸãã
<math>\hat H_0 \left| k \right\rangle = E_k \left| k \right\rangle</math>
ã§ããäºã«æ³šæã
ããã«ããã«å·Šãã<math>\left\langle m\right|</math>ããããŸã(<math>m\neq n</math>)ã
:<math>
a^{(1)}_m ( E_m - E_n ) = - \left\langle m \right| \hat H' \left| n \right\rangle
</math>
ããã§ã¯<math>m\neq k</math>ã®å Žåã«ã¯<math>\left\langle m | k \right\rangle = 0</math>
ãšãªãé
ãæ¶ããã®ã§ã巊蟺ã®sumãæ¶ããŠããäºã«æ³šæã
ãããŠã
:<math>
a^{(1)}_m
= - \frac{
\left\langle m \right| \hat H' \left| n \right\rangle
}{
E_m - E_n
}
</math>
ãšããçµæãåŸãããç·åœ¢ä»£æ°ã®å ŽåãšåãçµæãšãªããŸãã
ãããå
ã®åŒã«ä»£å
¥ããŠåºæç¶æ
ãæžããš
:<math>
\left| \psi_1 \right\rangle
= - \sum_{m\neq n}
\frac{
\left\langle m \right| \hat H' \left| n \right\rangle
}{
E_m - E_n
}
\left| m \right\rangle
</math>
ãšãªããŸãã
==çž®éãããå Žåã®æåè«==
{{stub}}
[[Category:éåååŠ|ãããã«ãããããªããã€ãšããã]] | null | 2022-12-01T04:08:59Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Stub"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E3%81%AB%E4%BE%9D%E5%AD%98%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E6%91%82%E5%8B%95%E8%AB%96 |
1,609 | CGI | ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãž > å·¥åŠ > æ
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{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãž > å·¥åŠ > æ
å ±æè¡ > ããã°ã©ãã³ã° > CGI",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CGI(ã·ãŒãžãŒã¢ã€ãCommon Gateway Interface)ãšã¯ããŠã§ããµãŒããç¬ç«ããå€éšããã»ã¹(CGIããã°ã©ã )ã§ãŠã§ãããŒãžãçæã§ããããã«ããä»çµã¿ã§ããCGIããã°ã©ã ã®èšè¿°ã«ã¯Perlãªã©ã®ã¹ã¯ãªããèšèªãããçšããããŸãããåºæ¬çã«æšæºå
¥åºåãåããŠããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããã°(ããšãã°Cèšèªãã·ã§ã«ã¹ã¯ãªããã§ã)çšããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŠã§ããµãŒãã®Apacheã¯ãPHPã»Perlã»PythonãRubyã®ãããªã¹ã¯ãªããã£ã³ã°èšèªã®ã³ãŒãã ãã§ãªããCèšèªãã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ãå®è¡ã§ããŸã(ãã ãããã€ããªãªã®ã§ããã¹ãã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ããšã«ã³ã³ãã€ã«ããªããå¿
èŠããããåãåããæªãã®ã§ãäŸå€çã«åŠçéåºŠãæ¥µç«¯ã«å¿
èŠãªå Žå以å€ã«ã¯ããã£ãã«Cèšèªã«ãããã€ããªãCGIã«äœ¿çšããããšã¯ãããŸãã)ã",
"title": "æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºãæå³ã§ã®ãCGIãã®ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®å
容ãå®è¡ããããšã®æå³ã¯ãå
·äœçã«ã¯ãŠã§ãããŒãžã§ãŠãŒã¶ããã®å
¥åã«å¿çããããåçãªåºåãè¡ã£ããããããã®æ©æ§ãªã©ãCGIã§ããCGIã®èŠæ Œã¯http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/interface.html(ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã¢ãŒã«ã€ã: https://web.archive.org/web/20070809114039/hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/interface.html )ã§å®ããããŠããŸããããã§åçãšã¯ããšãã°ããã©ãŠã¶ãããªã¯ãšã¹ããåãä»ããæ¥æãããŒãžãšããŠè¡šç€ºããããã®ãåçãªããŒãžã®äžã€ã§ãããŠã£ããããã°ãªã©ãåçãªããŒãžã«å«ãŸããŸããããã«å¯ŸããŠéçãšã¯ãããããçšæããŠããHTMLçã§èšè¿°ãããããã¥ã¡ã³ãããªã¯ãšã¹ããžã®å¿çæã«å€æŽãè¡ããã«é
ä¿¡ããããšãæããŠããŸãã",
"title": "æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "PerlãPHPãªã©çšããŠããèšèªãäœããã¯å¥ãšããŠãçŸåšã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã§å€§èŠæš¡ããããã¯èåãªãŠã§ããµã€ãã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯äœããã®åçãªä»çµã¿ãæããŠãããšèããããŸããCGIã®ä»çµã¿ãçè§£ããããšã¯å€§èŠæš¡ãªããŒã¿ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã§åºçããæè¡çãªèæ¯ãåŠã¶ã®ãšåŒ·ãé¢ä¿ããããšèšããŸãã",
"title": "æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åçãªãŠã§ãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®å®è£
æè¡ã¯ãCGI以å€ã«ã mod_perl ã®ãããªApacheåãã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã FastCGI ã®ãããªå€éšã®åžžé§ããã»ã¹ãšã®é£æºæè¡ããããŸãã ãããã®CGI以å€ã®æ¹æ³ãçšããããã®ã¯ãCGIã«ã¯ãå€éšããã»ã¹ããªã¯ãšã¹ããããããšã«èµ·åããªããã°ãããªãããšããæ¬ ç¹ããããããã»ã¹ã®èµ·åã¯æ¯ç§æ°çŸããæ°åãé床ã§ããã®æ°ã¯æ¯èŒçå°èŠæš¡ã®ãŠã§ããµã€ãã§ã容æã«éããæ°ã§ãããã®ããšããCGIã§ãªã¯ãšã¹ãæ¯ã«ããã»ã¹ãèµ·åããã®ã§ã¯ãªããåçã³ã³ãã³ããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãåžžé§ããã»ã¹ã«çæããã®ãçŸåšã®äž»æµã§ãã ãã®ãŠã£ãããã¯ã¹ããµãŒãã¹ããŠããMediaWikiãPHPã®åžžé§ããã»ã¹ã§å®è£
ãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CGIãè¡ãåçãªäœçšã¯äž»ã«ä»¥äžã®4èŠçŽ ã«ãã£ãŠæãç«ã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŠã§ããµãŒãã§åçã«ã³ã³ãã³ããçæããä»çµã¿ã«ã¯ä»ã«ããŠã§ããµãŒãã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«(mod_perlãªã©)ãFastCGIããããŸãã ãããã®CGIãšå€§ããªéãã¯ãCGIã®ããªã¯ãšã¹ãããšã«æ°ããããã»ã¹ãçæããããšããè² è·ã®å€§ããªåŠçãããŠã§ããµãŒãããã»ã¹å
ã§å®è¡ããããåžžé§ããããã»ã¹ãšãŠã§ããµãŒãã®éã§ã®éä¿¡ãè¡ãããšã§é¿ããŠããç¹ã§ãã",
"title": "æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Apacheã¯CGIãå®è¡ããããã«ã¯ htttpd.conf ã®æžæãã®å¿
èŠããããŸãã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "XAMPPã§ããã°ãå Žæã¯ã\\xampp\\apache\\conf ã®äžã«èšå®ãã¡ã€ã«",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®ã§ãæ¢ã㊠httpd.conf ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã®äžèº«ã®äžèšã®ãããªéšåããäžèšã®ããã«æžæããŸãã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€ãã®GNU/Linuxã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ã /etc/httpd/conf ã« httpd.conf ããããŸãã /etc/httpd.conf ã®ææè
㯠root ããã㯠www ãªã®ã§ãsudo vi /etc/httpd.conf ãªã©ãšãæžèŸŒã¿ä¿è·ããç¶æ
ãç¶æããŠãã ããã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èšå®ã®æ¹æ³ã¯2çš®é¡ãããŸãã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æžãæãå",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æžãæãåŸ",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ScriptAlias ãšããè¡ããäžèšã®ããã«ãªãããã«ãæžãæããŸãã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã©ã¡ãã®æ¹æ³ã§ç·šéããã«ããŠããããApacheããã§ã«ç«ã¡äžããŠãããããã£ããApacheãçµäºããŠãããå床ãç«ã¡äžãçŽããŠäžããã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Apacheã®èµ·åæã«èšå®ãã¡ã€ã«ãèªã¿èŸŒãæ¹åŒã®ãããªã®ã§ãç«ã¡äžãçŽããªããšãèšå®ãåæ ãããªãå ŽåããããŸãã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Apacheãçµäºãããã«ã¯ãã³ãã³ã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ApacheãçµäºããŸãã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³äžã®Xãã¿ã³ãæŒããŠã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ãªã©ã®ãŠã£ã³ããŠãéããã ãã§ã¯ãApacheãçµäºããªãå Žåãæ®éãªã®ã§ãçµäºãããããã«ã¯ã³ãã³ãå
¥åã§ç¢ºå®ã«ããã£ããApacheãçµäºãããŠãã ããã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Apacheãç«ã¡äžããã«ã¯ãã³ãã³ã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ç«ã¡äžãããŸãã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»åŸã®äœæ¥ã®æé»ã®åæãšããŠãApacheãµãŒããŒãç«ã¡äžããã®ãå¿ããªãããã«(ããå¿ããŠãšã©ãŒã«ãªããŸã)ããã£ããšå
ã«ApacheãµãŒããç«ã¡äžããŸãããã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠãããšãã°ãäžèšã®ãããªCèšèªãã¡ã€ã«ãããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«(ãã¡ã¢åž³ãã§è¯ã)ã«æžããŠãã³ã³ãã€ã«(gccã§ãè¯ã)ããŠãå®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«(windowsãªãexeãã¡ã€ã«)ã«ããŸãããã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ãŒãäŸ",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Content-Type: text/html ãšããã®ã¯ãApacheåŽãè§£éã®ããã«å¿
èŠãªæ
å ±ã§ãããããããéãããŠããprintfæã®å
容ããããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ãŸãã¯HTMLãã¡ã€ã«ã§ããããšã宣èšããŠããããã¹ãæã§ãããHTMLããããŒããªã©ãšèšãããŸããwebã§ã®æ
å ±ã®ãããšããããéã®ãéåä¿¡ã¡ãã»ãŒãžæã®äžçš®ã§ãã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠãWindowsçApacheã§ããXAMPPã®å Žåãäžèšã³ãŒãäŸãã³ã³ãã€ã«ããŠåºæ¥äžãã£ãå®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«(ãã¡ã€ã«åãæå®ããªããã°Windowsçgccãªãã a.exe ããšããååã«ãªããŸã)ãã ãã©ã«ã \\xampp\\cgi-bin ã«å
¥ããã°ããã§ãã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "GNU/Linuxçã®çŽ ã®Apacheã®å Žåããã©ã«ã cgi-bin ã®å Žæã¯",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãã®ã§ãããã«a.outãªã©ã®å®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«ããããã°ãã¿ãŸããã§ãããåæèšå®ã§ã¯ãrootææã«ãªã£ãŠãŸãã®ã§ãchownã³ãã³ãã§ææè
ãå€ããŠãã ããã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšã«ãããcgi-bin ãã©ã«ãã«ãã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ãå
¥ããããã®ããšåã«ãŠã§ãã»ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒã§",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããã°ããã§ãã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã¯å®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«åãa.exe以å€ã®å¥ã®ãã¡ã€ã«åãªãã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããã°ããã§ãã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããšã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèšã³ãŒãã®å Žå",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããµãã«ãwebããŒãžã§printfæã®å
容ã衚瀺ãããŸãã(GNU/LinuxçApacheã§ãåæ§ã®çµæã§ããFedora 32 ã§2020幎7æ14æ¥ã«ç¢ºèªã)",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Cèšèªãã€ããªã ããããApacheåŽãHTMLãã¡ã€ã«ãè§£éããŠãããã®ã§ããªã®ã§ãäžèšã®ããã«printfæäžã«HTMLã¿ã°ãæžããŠãã€ããªåããŠããã°ãèªåçã«ApacheãããŸã倿ããŠããã©ãŠã¶ã«HTMLã¿ã°ã®æç€ºéãã«è¡šç€ºã§ããããã«ããŠãããŸãã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ãŒãäŸ",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèšã³ãŒããã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããã€ããªãã¡ã€ã«ããã©ã«ã cgi-bin ã«å
¥ããããšããŠã§ãã»ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒã§ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãããšã倧ããªæåã§ã",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šç€ºãããŸãã (GNU/Linuxã§ãåæ§ã®çµæã§ããFedora 32 ã§2020幎7æ14æ¥ã«ç¢ºèªã)",
"title": "Cèšèªã§CGI"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããèå³ããã®ãCGIã䜿ã£ããµãŒãå
¬éã§ã¯ãªããCGIãã®ãã®ã®æ©èœãäœãããå Žåããã®ããã®CGIã®åçã®ç¥èã¯è²ã
ãšèããããŸãããOSã®ã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ã«æèŒãããŠãã",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããåççãšæãããæ¹æ³ã§ãã(ãªããçè§£ã®ããã«æ¹æ³ã玹ä»ããŠããã ãã§ãããéåžžã®ãµãŒãæ§ç¯ã§ã¯CGIæ©èœèªäœã®æ°èŠã®å®è£
ã¯äžèŠãªäœæ¥ã§ãããã§ã«Apacheãªã©ã®æ¢åã®ãµãŒããœããã«CGIæ©èœãæèŒãããŠããããã§ãã)",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããã³ãã³ãããã³ããã«å®è¡ããããã³ãã³ãåãããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ã«èšè¿°ããŠç¹°ãè¿ã䜿ãããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã Windowsãªãããããã¡ã€ã«ãUnixãŸãã¯Unixã«é¡ããOSãªãã°ã·ã§ã«ã¹ã¯ãªãããšåŒã°ããŸãã",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¬ç§ç®ã§ã¯ããªãã€ã¬ã¯ãã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸããããããã¡ã€ã«ã®è§£èª¬ã¯å¥ã®ç§ç®ã«ãã ããŸã(ããšãã°ãDOSå
¥éããªã©ãåç
§ããŠãã ãã)ã",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã€ã¬ã¯ãã«ã€ããŠã¯ãWindowsã®å Žåãã³ãã³ãããã³ããã§",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå
¥åããã°ãæšæºåºåã«åºãããæååããã®ãŸãŸããªãã€ã¬ã¯ãå
ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã«æžã蟌ãŸããŠä¿åãããŸãã",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãã°å®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«åãhello.exeãã§ããªãã€ã¬ã¯ãå
ãã¡ã€ã«åãridtest.txtããªã",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã³ãã³ãã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éã®æŒç®åã®æ©èœã¯",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CGIçšã®ãŠã§ããµãŒããŒã«ãããŠãCGIããã°ã©ã ã®åºåãåŠçããæ¹æ³ã¯è€æ°ãããŸããäžè¬çã«ã¯ãæå®ãããCGIçšã®ãã©ã«ãå
ã«ããå®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«ããªãã€ã¬ã¯ãããŠå®è¡ããããšã§ããã®åºåãããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ãšããŠæ±ãããšãã§ããŸãããã ãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯çŸä»£ã®å®è£
ã§ã¯ããŸã䜿çšãããŠããŸããã",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éã®çŸå Žã§ã¯ãããå¹ççãªæ¹æ³ãäžè¬çã«æ¡çšãããŠããŸããäŸãã°ãApacheãä»ã®ãŠã§ããµãŒããŒã§ã¯ãCGIããã°ã©ã ã®åºåãçŽæ¥ãã€ãã©ã€ã³ã«æž¡ããä»ã®ããã°ã©ã ãåŠçãšé£æºãããããšãã§ããŸãããã®å Žåããªãã€ã¬ã¯ããäžæãã¡ã€ã«ã®äœæãåé¿ããããŒã¿ã®åŠçãå¹ççã«è¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ãã©ã€ã³ã䜿çšããããšã§ãCGIããã°ã©ã ã®åºåãå¥ã®ããã°ã©ã ãåŠçã«çŽæ¥æž¡ãããšãã§ããŸããããã«ããããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã®ããŒã¿åŠçãè€éãªããŒã¿ãããŒãå®çŸããããšãã§ããŸãããŸãããã€ãã©ã€ã³ã䜿çšããããšã§ãè€æ°ã®ããã°ã©ã ãé£éãããŠããŒã¿ãåŠçããããšãå¯èœã§ãã",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«ãã«ã¬ã³ãã»ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«ããå Žåã",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ããªãŒã ãæå®ãããªãã€ã¬ã¯ãã®ããã®ã³ãã³ãã®æžåŒã¯ã",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããããã§ããªãã€ã¬ã¯ãå
ãã¡ã€ã«ã«ãæžã蟌ãŸããŸãã ãã®æžåŒã¯ãsh ksh bash zsh ã«å
±éã§ãã csh ãšã¯ç°ãªããŸãã",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãã°å®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«å hello ã§ããªãã€ã¬ã¯ãå
ãã¡ã€ã«åã text.txt ãªã",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã³ãã³ãã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããã¹ããªãŒã çªå·ã®æå³ã¯",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "CGIãã®ãã®ã®å®è£
æ¹æ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perl/CGI ã®ããŒãžãèŠãŠãã ããã Perl/ã©ã€ãã©ãªã»ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå ã®ããŒãžãã芧ãã ããã",
"title": "éçºã®åè"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¹ããšãã£ã¿ TeraPad(ãã©ããã)çã®ããã¹ã(æ¡åŒµå *.txt)ã *.cgi ã«å€ããç©ã§ããæžãããŠããå
容ã¯textãªã®ã§ã³ãŒãæå®ã¯ããã¹ããšãã£ã¿ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãªãŒãã³ã§UTF-8ã«å€ããŠããæ¥æ¬èªã䜿ããŸããå€ããªããšæååãããŸãã",
"title": "éçºã®åè"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åäœã確èªãã ãã¹ããªãã®ã確èªãããããå¥çŽãµãŒããŒã«ã¢ããããŒããFFFTPçã§ãããªããŸããçããã«æ¥œããã§ããããŸãããã屿§(ããŒããã·ã§ã³)ã®å€æŽããå¿ããªãã",
"title": "éçºã®åè"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perl/å¶åŸ¡æ§é ã»Perl/ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã»Perl/ã¯ããã« ãã芧ãã ããã",
"title": "éçºã®åè"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "w:ãšã»ã»ã®WWWå
¥éã¯ãè¯ãæ
å ±æºã«ãªããããããŸããã",
"title": "éçºã®åè"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¬æžã§ã¯Apache HTTP ServerãçšããäŸã瀺ããŸãããã»ãã«ãå€ãã®ãŠã§ããµãŒãã§CGIãå©çšå¯èœã§ãã",
"title": "éçºã®åè"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "PHPãPerlãšã¯é¢ä¿ãªããäžè¬ã« Apache ã®èµ·åã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãGNU/Linux(Fedora32)ã®å Žåãã¿ãŒããã«ç»é¢ã§ãã³ãã³ã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãã(CentOS 7 以éã¯ããã®ããã§ãã)",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "httpd ãšã¯linuxã®å ŽåãApache ã®ããšã§ãã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããæã¯",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã³ãã³ãã®ããã§ããã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Apache ãæ£åžžã«åããŠããã確ãããã«ã¯ããã©ãŠã¶ãéããã¢ãã¬ã¹ããŒã«",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "http://localhost",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå
¥åããŸãã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŒãžã§ã³ã«ããããŸãããApacheã®ããŽããŒã¯ã®çŸœã®çµµã®ããwebããŒãžã衚瀺ãããŠããã°ããã¶ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«æåããŠããã§ãããã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Apache ãçµäºããã«ã¯ãGNU/Linuxãªãã¿ãŒããã«ç«¯æ«ã§",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§çµäºããŸãã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æã¯",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§çµäºã§ããã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµäºåŸã«å
çšã® localhost ã®ãªã³ã¯å
ã«ç§»åããŠããäœãèªã¿èŸŒã¿ã§ããªãããºã§ãã(Apacheãçµäºããã®ã§ãèªã¿èŸŒã¿ã§ããªãã®ãæåã) ããããã¢ããããã©ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã°ãããã«ã€ããŠã¯ãããšãã°ãPHP/確å®ã«åäœããããŸã§ããªã©ã«è§£èª¬ããããŸãã(2020幎4æ21æ¥ã®æç¹ã§ã¯ããŸã Apache å°çšã®ããŒãžã¯Wikibooksæ¥æ¬èªçã«ã¯ãããŸãã)ã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "GNU/Linux ã® CentOSç³»ã®å Žåããã©ã«ãéå±€ var/www/html ã«ãç®çã®htmlãã¡ã€ã«ãå
¥ããŸãã(ãªãããã®ãããªãã©ã«ã(ããã«htmlãªã©ãå
¥ãããšãµãŒããŒãå
¬éããŠãããå Žæ)ã®ããšãããã¥ã¡ã³ãã«ãŒã DocumentRoot ãšããã)",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããããç®çã®htmlãã¡ã€ã«ãäœã£ãŠããã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãã°ãserverTest.html ãšãããã¡ã€ã«ãäœã£ãŠããããã®htmlãã¡ã€ã«ãå
¬éãããå Žåã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã³ãã³ãã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "SE Linux ããªã³ã ãšèšå®ãé¢åãªã®ã§ã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§SE Linuxããªãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŠã§ãã»ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒã§ http://localhost/serverTest.html ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããŠãäœæããhtmlã©ããã®å
容ã衚瀺ãããã°ããããŸã§ã¯æåã(å€éšå
¬éããã«ã¯ããŸã äœæ¥ãç¶ãã)",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¡ã€ã«åã®éšå(äŸã§ã¯æ«å°Ÿã® serverTest.html )ã¯ãäœæããhtmlãã¡ã€ã«ã®ãã¡ã€ã«åã«ããŸãã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŠã§ãã»ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒã§ç¢ºèªãçµãã£ãã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§SElinuxã®èšå®ããªã³ã«æ»ãã",
"title": "Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã§CGIããã°ã©ã ãããå Žåã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "perlã ãã§ãªã perl-CGI ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "GNU/Linux ã® Fedoraã®å Žåã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äž¡æ¹ãšãå
¥ããŸããsudo dnf install perl ã ãã§ã¯ãperl-CGI ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŸããã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Fedoraã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããå Žåãdnf ã³ãã³ãã§ã® perl-CGIã®æ«å°Ÿ3æåã®ãCGIãã¯å€§æåã§ãªããã°ãªããŸãã(ã§ãªããšããã±ãŒãžãããŒãžã£ãŒãèªèããŸãã)ã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèšã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãPerlã«ããåçŽãªCGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸã§ããCGIããã°ã©ã ã¯ãåŸè¿°ã®èšå®ãããããšã«ãŠã§ãã»ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒã§é²èЧããŠç¢ºèªã§ããŸãã(ã³ãã³ã端æ«ã§ã¯ç¢ºèªã§ããªãããèãã確èªãå°é£ã)",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "text/htmlã®ããšã®ãšã¹ã±ãŒãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã¯å¿
ã2〠\\n\\n ãšããŠãã ããããã1ã€ã ãã ãšããã©ãŠã¶ã§èŠãŠããšã©ãŒã«ãªãããHello World!ãã衚瀺ãããŸããã(ãã \\n ã 1ã€ã ãã ãšã500 Internal Server Errorãã«ãªããŸãã)",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã®ã¯äœããšãããšãããã¯shebangãšããOSã®æ©èœã§ãã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ã«äœã䜿ãããæå®ããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æžåŒã¯ã³ã¡ã³ãæãšåæ§ã«ã#ãããå§ãŸã圢åŒçã«ã¯ã³ã¡ã³ãã§ãããã³ã¡ã³ãã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§æ¶ããªãã§ãã ãããæ¶ããšåäœããªããªããŸã(äŸãã°ãbash ã®ããã³ããããå®è¡ãããš bash ã¹ã¯ãªãããšã㊠perl ã¹ã¯ãªãããå®è¡ããŠããŸããŸãããããã bash ã®æ§æã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãšã©ãŒã«ãªããŸã)ã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã ãã§ãªãUnixç³»ã®ã·ã§ã«ã¹ã¯ãªãããªã©ä»ã®ããã°ã©ã èšèªã§ãåæ§ã«shebangãèšè¿°ããäºããããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ãHTTPã¬ã¹ãã³ã¹ã»ããããŒã®äžéšã§ããŠã§ãã»ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒãªã©ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã»ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯ãHTMLæ¬äœãšã¯å¥ã«ãåä¿¡ããããšããæ
å ±ã®çš®é¡ãªã©ã®æåããã®ããã« HTTPããããŒãéåä¿¡ããã£ãŠãŸã(Perlã®å Žåã¯ãCGIããããŒããšããããHTTPã¬ã¹ãã³ã¹ã»ããããŒããšåºå¥ããŠããŸãããWebãµãŒããããããŒèŠçŽ ã远å ããå¯èœæ§ãããçºã§ã)ã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®HTTPã¬ã¹ãã³ã¹ã»ããããŒã§éåä¿¡ãããæ
å ±ã®ã²ãšã€ã«ãContent-Type: ãããããŒããããŸãããContent-Type: text/htmlããšããããããŒã«ãã£ãŠãããããããã¹ãã®1ã€ã§ããHTMLãéãããšçžæå
ã«äŒããŠããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTMLã®ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããéãããå Žåã¯ãäžèšã®ããã«æžããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããå®çšçã«ã¯ãäžèšã®ããã«ããã°ã©ã ãæžããã»ããã©ã¯ã§ãããã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "use warnings; ãšã¯äœããšãããšãããã¯ããã°ã©ã äžã«ãšã©ãŒããã£ããèŠåãåºããšããæå³ã§ããPerlã¯ããã°ã©ã èšèªã§ãã®ã§ããšã©ãŒãèµ·ããããŸãããã®ãšã©ãŒã®éã«èŠåãåºããšããæå³ã§ãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãããããã¯ã³ãã³ã端æ«ã§å®è¡ããŠããå Žåã®ããã·ã§ãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŠã§ãã»ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒã§èŠãŠããå Žåããã®ãããªæ°ã®ãããèŠåã¯ããŠãããŸããã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããuse warnings; ã¯èŠåãããã ãã§ãã®ã§ããã®ãŸãŸããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ããŸãããã£ããŠãæ°ãããããŠããã°ã©ã 忢ãããã¯ããŸããã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "use strict; ã¯ãããã°ã©ã ã®åæ¢ãªã©ãå«ããŠããã峿 Œã«å€å®ããã³åŠçœ®ãããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§ãäžèšããã°ã©ã ãã use warnings; ããã³ use strict; ãé€å»ããŠãããŠã§ãã»ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒäžã§è¡šç€ºããäºã¯å¯èœã§ãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã¯ãæ¡åŒµåãããªããã.cgiãã«ããŠãã ããã(æ¡åŒµåã.cgiããŸãã¯ã.plãã«ããªããšãä»åŸã®èšå®ãé¢åã«ãªããŸãã)",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãããã©ã«ãéå±€",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®äžã«é
眮ããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã cgi-bin ãã©ã«ãããŸã äœããŠããªãå Žåãperl-CGIããŸã ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠãªããšæãããã®ã§ããŸãperl-CGIãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããŠãã ããã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ææè
ãrootã«ãªã£ãŠããªã©ã§ãé
眮ã§ããªããªã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ææè
ã倿Žã§ããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åé ã®",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®éšåã¯ãç°å¢ã«ãã£ãŠã¯",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®å ŽåããããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®éšå #!/usr/local/bin/perl ã¯ãperlã®ã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ãåŒåºããŠã¹ã¯ãªãããæž¡ãããã®æç€ºã§ãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããperlã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ã®ãã€ããªã®ååšå Žæããããã«ã¯ãã³ãã³ã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§æ¢ããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠãå¶äœãããµã³ãã«ãã¡ã€ã«ã¯ãã¢ã¯ã»ã¹æš©ã®èšå®ã§ãããã°ã©ã ãšããŠå®è¡å¯èœãã«ãã§ãã¯ããã¯ã¹ãå
¥ããŠãã ãããå³ã¯ãªãã¯ã§çŸãããã€ã¢ãã°ããèšå®ã§ãããšæããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒãžã®ãã¹ãããããªãå Žåã¯ããããã¯è²ã
ãªç°å¢ã§åããããšãæ³å®ãããå Žå(æ¬æžããã®ã±ãŒã¹ã§ã)",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®æ§ã« POSIX ã§ãã¹ã決ãŸã£ãŠãã env(1) ãåŒåºãã(絶察ãã¹ã§ãªã)ã³ãã³ãåã§ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒãæå®ããŸãã ãããããšãenv ã¯ç°å¢å€æ°PATHã®äžããé ã« ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒ ãæ¢ããèŠã€ãã£ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒã«ã¹ã¯ãªãããæž¡ãèµ·åããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããµãŒããApacheã®å ŽåããŸã§ããããã ãã§ã¯åããŸããã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Apacheã¯åæèšå®ã§ã¯ãcgiã¹ã¯ãªãããåãããªãèšå®ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãããªã®ã§ããŸãããã®åæèšå®ãæžãæããå¿
èŠããããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"tag": "p",
"text": "cgiã¹ã¯ãªãããåãããããã«èšå®ã倿Žããããã«ãèšå®ãã¡ã€ã«ã® httpd.conf ãšãããã¡ã€ã«ãæžãæããŠã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããæç« ã远å ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããéåžžã®apacheã§ã¯ããã§ã«ã³ã¡ã³ãã¢ãŠããããç¶æ
ã§",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã®ã§ãåã«åé ã®ã³ã¡ã³ãã¢ãŠãèšå·#ãã¯ããã°ããã ãã§ãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æžãæãã«ãããæ¡åŒµå .cgi ã®ãããã¡ã€ã«ããcgiã¹ã¯ãªãããšããŠåŠçã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããperlãªã©ã§äœ¿ãããæ¡åŒµå ã.plãã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãCGIã¹ã¯ãªãããšããŠå®è¡ããããªããäžèšã® AddHandler ã«",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšã.plãã远å ããã ãã§æžã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã ãã管çè
ãéåžžã§ã¯ root ã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ã§ããã®ãŸãŸã§ã¯ãæžãæãã§ããŸããããªã®ã§GNU/Linuxã®å Žåãã³ãã³ãã§",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã管çè
ãå€ããŠããã管çè
èšå®ãæžãæããããšã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æžãæããçµãã£ãããapache ãç«ã¡äžãçŽããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠããŠã§ãã»ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒã§",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããŠãã ããã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã©ãŠã¶ç»é¢äžã«",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 145,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šç€ºãããŠããŸãããŸãããã®ããŒãžã®ã¿ã€ãã«ãšããŠãã¿ãæ¬ãªã©ã«ãExample Web PageããšæžããŠãããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 147,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯ãããå®çšçãªããã°ã©ã ãèŠãŠãããŸãããã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 148,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèšã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯ãå
¥åããæååããhtmlã®ãã©ãŒã æ©èœã䜿ã£ãŠå¥ãã¡ã€ã«(äŸã§ã¯ catchtest.cgi ) ã«éãããã°ã©ã ã§ãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 149,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â» ãPHP/HTMLãã©ãŒã ããã®ããŒã¿åãåãããšåäœå
容ã¯åãã§ãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 150,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ããã¿ãŒã³ãšããŠ",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 151,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããããªæžåŒã§ãåã« <!DOCTYPE html> ãš EOT ã®ããã ã«ããæ±ºãŸãã®ãã¿ãŒã³ã®ã³ãŒããæžãã ãã§ãå
¥åºåæ©èœã®ãããã¡ãŒã ãç°¡åã«äœããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 152,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 153,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèšã®ã³ãŒãã®é·ç§»å
ã®ããŒãžã¯ãäžèšã®ããã«ã€ãããŸã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 154,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãã° ggggggg ãšãã©ãŠã¶ã«è¡šç€ºãããå
¥åããã¯ã¹ã«ããŠãã¿ã³ãç»é²ããæŒããšã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 155,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šç€ºãããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 156,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããé·ç§»å
ã®ããŒãžã«ããshebangãHTTPã¬ã¹ãã³ã¹ã»ããããŒãå¿ããªãããã«ããŸããã(ç¡ããšãšã©ãŒã«ãªããŸã(Internal Server Error ãªã©) )ã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 157,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèšã³ãŒãã® ifæ ãš elseæ ã¯ã決ãŸãæå¥ã§ãã $msg以å€ã¯ãã¹ãŠãPerlã§ã®æ±ºãŸãæå¥ã§ããSTDINã¯æšæºå
¥åã®ããšã§ãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 158,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã§ã¯ãformã¿ã°ããã®POSTã®åãåãã¯ãæšæºå
¥å STDIN ãéããŠåãåããè¡ããã仿§ã§ãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 159,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç°å¢å€æ°ãšã㊠REQUEST_METHOD ã CONTENT_LENGTH ã QUERY_STRING ãšããç°å¢å€æ°ããããããçšæãããŠããŸãããªã®ã§äžèšã³ãŒãã§ã¯ããã®å€æ°ã¯ãã®ãŸãŸäœ¿ãå¿
èŠããããŸã(åæã«ååãå€ããŠã¯ã€ã±ãã€)ã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 160,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããç°å¢å€æ°ãè±èªã§ environmental variable ãšèšããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 161,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã®ã¯ããããããããç°å¢å€æ° REQUEST_METHOD ã POST ãªãã ã®ãããªæå³ã§ãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 162,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç°å¢å€æ° REQUEST_METHOD ã«ã¯ããã©ãŒã ãåŒã³åºããæã®ãªã¯ãšã¹ãã®çµæãPOSTãŸãã¯GETã®ã©ã¡ãããšããŠå
¥ã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 163,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 164,
"tag": "p",
"text": "eq æŒç®åã¯ããeqã®å·Šå³ã®äž¡èŸºãããæååãšããå Žåã«ã䞡蟺ãçããã?ãã調ã¹ãæŒç®åã§ãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 165,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãœãã== æŒç®åã¯ãäž¡èŸºãæ°å€ãšããå Žåã«çãããã調ã¹ãæŒç®åã§ãã(Cèšèªãšéã£ãŠãPerlã§ã¯å€æ°ã®å®£èšæã«åæå®ãç¡ãã®ã§ãæ¡ä»¶åå²ifæã§ã¯ããããã£ãæŒç®åã®åºå¥ãå¿
èŠã«ãªããŸãã)",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 166,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§ããã£ã㊠eqæŒç®åã®éšåã == æŒç®åã«å€ããŠã¯ãã¡ã§ãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 167,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 168,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã䞡蟺ãçãããªãå Žåã«ã€ããŠã¯ãæåãšããŠè©äŸ¡ããå Žåã«ã¯ ne æŒç®åãæ°å€ãšããŠè©äŸ¡ããå Žåã«ã¯ != æŒç®å ã§ãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 169,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 170,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠãè¡šç€ºçµæã® username ãšããã®ã¯åã«ãåæã«ã€ãããªããžã§ã¯ãåã§ãããåŒã³åºãå
ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã®HTMLã¿ã°ã§åæã«åœåãããªããžã§ã¯ãåã§ãã®ã§ããããã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãåãå€ããã°ãè¡šç€ºçµæã®å·ŠèŸºã®ãã®éšåã¯ååã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 171,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµå±",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 172,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«ããªããžã§ã¯ãåãšäžç·ã«ãPerlã§ã¯ POST ã§åãåã£ãå
容ã管çããä»çµã¿ã§ãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 173,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããé«åºŠãªCGIããã°ã©ã ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 174,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèšã®æžãæ¹ã¯ãä¿¡ããããªãæ€ç© ããŠã³ããŒããã§æ€çŽ¢ããŠãåèã«èŠãŠãã ãããCGIã®ã²ãŒã ã§ãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 175,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¡ãã£ãšå€ãèŠãªããæ§æ ãªãªãžãã«ã§ããprintã¯äžè¬çã«äœ¿ãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ"
}
] | ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãžÂ > å·¥åŠÂ > æ
å ±æè¡Â > ããã°ã©ãã³ã°Â > CGI CGIãšã¯ããŠã§ããµãŒããç¬ç«ããå€éšããã»ã¹ïŒCGIããã°ã©ã ïŒã§ãŠã§ãããŒãžãçæã§ããããã«ããä»çµã¿ã§ããCGIããã°ã©ã ã®èšè¿°ã«ã¯Perlãªã©ã®ã¹ã¯ãªããèšèªãããçšããããŸãããåºæ¬çã«æšæºå
¥åºåãåããŠããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããã°ïŒããšãã°Cèšèªãã·ã§ã«ã¹ã¯ãªããã§ãïŒçšããããšãã§ããŸãã | <small>{{Pathnav|ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãž|å·¥åŠ|æ
å ±æè¡|ããã°ã©ãã³ã°}}</small>
{{Wikipedia|Common Gateway Interface}}
{{Otheruses|CGIã®ä»çµã¿|[[Perl]]ã«ãããCGIããã°ã©ãã³ã°|Perl/CGI}}
'''CGI'''ïŒã·ãŒãžãŒã¢ã€ã'''''C'''ommon '''G'''ateway '''I'''nterface''ïŒãšã¯ã[[w:WebãµãŒã|ãŠã§ããµãŒã]]ãç¬ç«ããå€éšããã»ã¹ïŒCGIããã°ã©ã ïŒã§[[w:ãŠã§ãããŒãž|ãŠã§ãããŒãž]]ãçæã§ããããã«ããä»çµã¿ã§ããCGIããã°ã©ã ã®èšè¿°ã«ã¯[[Perl]]ãªã©ã®[[w:ã¹ã¯ãªããèšèª|ã¹ã¯ãªããèšèª]]ãããçšããããŸãããåºæ¬çã«[[w:æšæºã¹ããªãŒã |æšæºå
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* [[w:æšæºã¹ããªãŒã |æšæºå
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* HTMLã®[[w:ãã©ãŒã (ãŠã§ã)| FORM]] [[w:HTMLèŠçŽ |èŠçŽ ]]
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== Cèšèªã§CGI ==
Apacheã¯CGIãå®è¡ããããã«ã¯ {{code|htttpd.conf}} ã®æžæãã®å¿
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XAMPPã§ããã°ãå Žæã¯ã\xampp\apache\conf ã®äžã«èšå®ãã¡ã€ã«
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<div style="border:red 3px double">éå»ã®ç·šéã§ã'''httpd.conf ã®ææè
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以å€ã«æžèŸŒã¿ããŒããã·ã§ã³ãäžããŠããªãã確èªãã ããã</div>
=== CGI䜿çšèšå®ã®æ¹æ³ ===
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==== <code> <Directory /> </code> ã¿ã°ã®å
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'''æžãæãå'''
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<Directory />
AllowOverride none
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</Directory>
</SyntaxHighlight>
'''æžãæãåŸ'''
* AllowOverride ã®ããšã none ãã ALL ã«æžãæããŸãã
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<SyntaxHighlight lang="apache">
<Directory "C:/xampp/cgi-bin">
AllowOverride All
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Require all granted
</Directory>
</SyntaxHighlight>
==== ScriptAlias ãæžãæããæ¹æ³ ====
ScriptAlias ãšããè¡ããäžèšã®ããã«ãªãããã«ãæžãæããŸãã
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ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"
</SyntaxHighlight>
ã©ã¡ãã®æ¹æ³ã§ç·šéããã«ããŠããããApacheããã§ã«ç«ã¡äžããŠãããããã£ããApacheãçµäºããŠãããå床ãç«ã¡äžãçŽããŠäžããã
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Apacheãçµäºãããã«ã¯ãã³ãã³ã
<SyntaxHighlight lang="bash">
sudo service httpd stop
</SyntaxHighlight>
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'''ã³ãŒãäŸ'''
<syntaxhighlight lang="C">
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
printf("Content-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n");
int a = 3, b = 4;
int c = a + b;
printf("sum %d\n", c);
return 0;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
<code>Content-Type: text/html</code>
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'''ã³ãŒãäŸ'''
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#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
printf("Content-Type: Text/html\r\n\r\n");
int a = 3, b = 4;
int c = a + b;
printf("<h1>sum %d</h1>\n", c);
return 0;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
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; 2> : æšæºãšã©ãŒåºåã®ãªãã€ã¬ã¯ã
ã«ãªããŸãã
CGIçšã®ãŠã§ããµãŒããŒã«ãããŠãCGIããã°ã©ã ã®åºåãåŠçããæ¹æ³ã¯è€æ°ãããŸããäžè¬çã«ã¯ãæå®ãããCGIçšã®ãã©ã«ãå
ã«ããå®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«ããªãã€ã¬ã¯ãããŠå®è¡ããããšã§ããã®åºåãããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ãšããŠæ±ãããšãã§ããŸãããã ãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯çŸä»£ã®å®è£
ã§ã¯ããŸã䜿çšãããŠããŸããã
å®éã®çŸå Žã§ã¯ãããå¹ççãªæ¹æ³ãäžè¬çã«æ¡çšãããŠããŸããäŸãã°ãApacheãä»ã®ãŠã§ããµãŒããŒã§ã¯ãCGIããã°ã©ã ã®åºåãçŽæ¥ãã€ãã©ã€ã³ã«æž¡ããä»ã®ããã°ã©ã ãåŠçãšé£æºãããããšãã§ããŸãããã®å Žåããªãã€ã¬ã¯ããäžæãã¡ã€ã«ã®äœæãåé¿ããããŒã¿ã®åŠçãå¹ççã«è¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã
ãã€ãã©ã€ã³ã䜿çšããããšã§ãCGIããã°ã©ã ã®åºåãå¥ã®ããã°ã©ã ãåŠçã«çŽæ¥æž¡ãããšãã§ããŸããããã«ããããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã®ããŒã¿åŠçãè€éãªããŒã¿ãããŒãå®çŸããããšãã§ããŸãããŸãããã€ãã©ã€ã³ã䜿çšããããšã§ãè€æ°ã®ããã°ã©ã ãé£éãããŠããŒã¿ãåŠçããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
=== GNU/Linux ã®å Žå ===
å®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«ãã«ã¬ã³ãã»ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«ããå Žåã
ã¹ããªãŒã ãæå®ãããªãã€ã¬ã¯ãã®ããã®ã³ãã³ãã®æžåŒã¯ã
<pre>
./å®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«å 1> ãªãã€ã¬ã¯ãå
ã®ãã¡ã€ã«å
</pre>
ã§ããããã§ããªãã€ã¬ã¯ãå
ãã¡ã€ã«ã«ãæžã蟌ãŸããŸãã
ãã®æžåŒã¯ãsh ksh bash zsh ã«å
±éã§ãã csh ãšã¯ç°ãªããŸãã
ããšãã°å®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«å <code>hello</code> ã§ããªãã€ã¬ã¯ãå
ãã¡ã€ã«åã <code>text.txt</code> ãªã
<pre>
./hello 2> text.txt
</pre>
ãšããã³ãã³ãã«ãªããŸãã
ãªããã¹ããªãŒã çªå·ã®æå³ã¯
:<code> 1> </code> ãšãããšæšæºåºåã®ãªãã€ã¬ã¯ãïŒãã£ãã©ã«ãïŒ
:<code> 2> </code> ãšãããšæšæºãšã©ãŒåºåã®ãªãã€ã¬ã¯ã
ã«ãªããŸãã
== éçºã®åè ==
[[Perl/CGI]] ã®ããŒãžãèŠãŠãã ããã
[[Perl/ã©ã€ãã©ãªã»ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå]] ã®ããŒãžãã芧ãã ããã
[[w:ããã¹ããšãã£ã¿|ããã¹ããšãã£ã¿]] [[w:TeraPad|TeraPad]](ãã©ããã)çã®[[w:ããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«|ããã¹ã]](æ¡åŒµå <nowiki>*</nowiki>.txtïŒã <nowiki>*</nowiki>.cgi ã«å€ããç©ã§ããæžãããŠããå
容ã¯textãªã®ã§ã³ãŒãæå®ã¯ããã¹ããšãã£ã¿ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãªãŒãã³ã§UTF-8ã«å€ããŠããæ¥æ¬èªã䜿ããŸããå€ããªããšæååãããŸãã
* ããœã³ã³ã§åæã®æ¡åŒµåã®è¡šç€ºãã衚瀺ãããã«ããªããšã<nowiki>*</nowiki>.cgi.txt ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããŸããååä»ãã¯è±åãšæ°åãã䜿ããŸãããWindowsã®å Žåãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããã«ã®æ€çŽ¢ã§ãæ¡åŒµåãã§èšå®ããŠãã ããã
åäœã確èªãã ãã¹ããªãã®ã確èªãããããå¥çŽãµãŒããŒã«[[w:ã¢ããããŒã|ã¢ããããŒã]]ã[[w:FFFTP|FFFTP]]çã§ãããªããŸããçããã«æ¥œããã§ããããŸãããã屿§(ããŒããã·ã§ã³)ã®å€æŽããå¿ããªãã
[[Perl/å¶åŸ¡æ§é ]]ã»[[Perl/ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹]]ã»[[Perl/ã¯ããã«]] ãã芧ãã ããã
[[w:ãšã»ã»ã®WWWå
¥é]]ã¯ãè¯ãæ
å ±æºã«ãªããããããŸããã
æ¬æžã§ã¯[[w:Apache HTTP Server|Apache HTTP Server]]ãçšããäŸã瀺ããŸãããã»ãã«ãå€ãã®[[w:WebãµãŒã|ãŠã§ããµãŒã]]ã§CGIãå©çšå¯èœã§ãã
== Apache HTTP Server 2.2ã®çµèŸŒã¿ ==
* ãã¡ã€ã«åã¯ãä»¥äžæå®ãªãç©ã¯ãmihon.cgiã[[w:ãã£ã¬ã¯ããª|ãã£ã¬ã¯ããª]](ãã©ã«ããŒ)ã¯ãµãŒããŒã®å Žåãªãã§ãããã§ãããtest-cgiããç¡é£ããç¥ããŸããã
* [[w:ããŒã«ã«ãµãŒããŒ|ããŒã«ã«ãµãŒããŒ]]ã®å Žåãã¢ãããã®æå®ããããã©ã«ããŒã®äžhtdocsãcgi-binã«ãtest-cgiããç¡é£ããç¥ããŸããããtest-cgiãã¯ãŠã€ã³ããŒãºã®å Žåãããããã£ã®æžãæããªã©ã®æå®ãäºææ§ã®å€æŽã確ãå¿
èŠã ã£ããšæããŸãã
* [[w:ããŒã«ã«ãµãŒããŒ|ããŒã«ã«ãµãŒããŒ]]ã®åŒã³åºãå®è¡ã¯ã<nowiki>http://127.0.0.1/test-cgi/mihon.cgi</nowiki>ããšãã<nowiki>http://127.0.0.1/cgi-bin/test-cgi/mihon.cgi</nowiki>ããã¢ãã¬ã¹ãšããŠåŒã³åºããŠãã ããã
* 127.0.0.1ã¯IPv4ã«ãããŠ[[w:localhost|localhost]]ããŒã«ã«ãã¹ãã«åœããã¢ãã¬ã¹ã§ãã
* å¥çŽãµãŒããŒã¯å Žææå®ããã£ãããèª¬ææžããèªãŸãªããšåããŸããããpublic_htmlããtest-cgi/mihon.cgiããããªã©ã
* ã¢ããããã屿§(ããŒããã·ã§ã³)ãå®è¡å¯èœãª700ãŸãã¯755ãŸãã¯ãµãŒããŒæå®ã®å€ã«å€æŽããŸãã
* ããŒã«ã«ã®å Žå32bitãš64bitã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãããã®ã§æ³šæããŠãã ããããŸããã¢ãããã®å Žåãconf ã® httpd.conf ãæžãæãã远å ãªã©å¿
èŠã ã£ããšæããŸããããã¯ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããã¹ã¿ãŒãå
ã®ããã°ã©ã ãããåºæ¥ããšæããŸãã
** <strike>è£è¶³<br>ããã«ã€ããŠã®ããŒã ããŒãžãèŠã€ããŸãããã¢ãã¬ã¹ http://d.hatena.ne.jp/foussin/20110424/1303589811 å宀ã®å宀 443è¡ç®ä»¥äžã¯ã説æãåãã£ãŠããã®è¿œå 倿Žã ãšæããŸããæåã«åããæã¯è§Šããªãæ¹ããããšæããŸãã</strike>(ãªã³ã¯åã)
** StatãæŒããŠãé»ãç®±ãåºãŠããïŒã¡ãã£ãšåŸ
ã£ãŠãã ãããRrestatãæŒããŠåèµ·åã¯åºæ¥ãŸãããïŒåãããStopãããåŸã¯Rrestatã§èµ·åã§ãã
***ãWindowsã§ã¯éç¥é åãUSB æå·®ãçã®â²ã®äžãã«å
¥ã£ãŠããŸãã
* Perl http://www.activestate.com/ ã®äžã® ã¢ã¯ãã£ããã« http://www.activestate.com/activeperl/downloads èªåã®ããœã³ã³ãéžãã§ãããããããŒãžã¯èŠãŠãã ããã
* ããŒã«ã¯Perl64ã®å Žå64ãåã£ãŠPerlãšããŠèŠããŠçœ®ããŠãã ãããããŒã« â ã¢ããã ã®é ã§ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããŠãã ããã
* éå»ã«ãŠã€ã«ã¹å¯ŸçãœãããããŒãã³ãã«ãããŠåäœãããããŸããã§ããããçŸåšã¯æ¹åãããŠãããã®ãšæãããŸãã
* Perlãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãªã©å
¬éãããŠãããªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹(ã¬ãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ïŒreferenceïŒãšãèšã) ãçµã¿åãããŠäžã€ã®ããã°ã©ã ãšããŠçµã¿äžããŸãã
* äžå匷ã®çºããŠã€ã³ããŠãºããæã£ãŠå±
ãªãã®ã§ããããåããŸããã詳ããã¯å çãé¡ãããŸãã
PHPãPerlãšã¯é¢ä¿ãªããäžè¬ã« Apache ã®èµ·åã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãGNU/Linux(Fedora32)ã®å Žåãã¿ãŒããã«ç»é¢ã§ãã³ãã³ã
sudo systemctl start httpd
ã§ãã(CentOS 7 以éã¯ããã®ããã§ãã)
httpd ãšã¯linuxã®å ŽåãApache ã®ããšã§ãã
ãªããæã¯
sudo service httpd start
ãšããã³ãã³ãã®ããã§ããã
Apache ãæ£åžžã«åããŠããã確ãããã«ã¯ããã©ãŠã¶ãéããã¢ãã¬ã¹ããŒã«
http://localhost
ãšå
¥åããŸãã
[[File:Apache Server 2.jpg|thumb|Apache ããŽããŒã¯ã®çŸœ]]
ããŒãžã§ã³ã«ããããŸãããApacheã®ããŽããŒã¯ã®çŸœã®çµµã®ããwebããŒãžã衚瀺ãããŠããã°ããã¶ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«æåããŠããã§ãããã
Apache ãçµäºããã«ã¯ãGNU/Linuxãªãã¿ãŒããã«ç«¯æ«ã§
systemctl stop httpd
ã§çµäºããŸãã
æã¯
service httpd stop
ã§çµäºã§ããã
çµäºåŸã«å
çšã® localhost ã®ãªã³ã¯å
ã«ç§»åããŠããäœãèªã¿èŸŒã¿ã§ããªãããºã§ãã(Apacheãçµäºããã®ã§ãèªã¿èŸŒã¿ã§ããªãã®ãæåã)
ããããã¢ããããã©ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã°ãããã«ã€ããŠã¯ãããšãã°ã[[PHP/確å®ã«åäœããããŸã§]]ããªã©ã«è§£èª¬ããããŸãã(2020幎4æ21æ¥ã®æç¹ã§ã¯ããŸã Apache å°çšã®ããŒãžã¯Wikibooksæ¥æ¬èªçã«ã¯ãããŸããïŒã
GNU/Linux ã® CentOSç³»ã®å Žåããã©ã«ãéå±€ <code> var/www/html </code> ã«ãç®çã®htmlãã¡ã€ã«ãå
¥ããŸãã(ãªãããã®ãããªãã©ã«ãïŒããã«htmlãªã©ãå
¥ãããšãµãŒããŒãå
¬éããŠãããå ŽæïŒã®ããšãããã¥ã¡ã³ãã«ãŒã DocumentRoot ãšããã)
ããããããç®çã®htmlãã¡ã€ã«ãäœã£ãŠããã
ããšãã°ãserverTest.html ãšãããã¡ã€ã«ãäœã£ãŠããããã®htmlãã¡ã€ã«ãå
¬éãããå Žåã
ãŸãã
sudo cp serverTest.html /var/www/html
ãšããã³ãã³ãã«ãªããŸãã
SE Linux ããªã³ã ãšèšå®ãé¢åãªã®ã§ã
sudo setenforce 0
ã§SE Linuxããªãã§ããŸãã
ãŠã§ãã»ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒã§ <code> http://localhost/serverTest.html </code> ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããŠãäœæããhtmlã©ããã®å
容ã衚瀺ãããã°ããããŸã§ã¯æåãïŒå€éšå
¬éããã«ã¯ããŸã äœæ¥ãç¶ããïŒ
ãã¡ã€ã«åã®éšåïŒäŸã§ã¯æ«å°Ÿã® serverTest.html ïŒã¯ãäœæããhtmlãã¡ã€ã«ã®ãã¡ã€ã«åã«ããŸãã
ãŠã§ãã»ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒã§ç¢ºèªãçµãã£ãã
sudo setenforce 1
ã§SElinuxã®èšå®ããªã³ã«æ»ãã
== Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ ==
Perlã§CGIããã°ã©ã ãããå Žåã
perlã ãã§ãªã perl-CGI ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã
GNU/Linux ã® Fedoraã®å Žåã
sudo dnf install perl perl-CGI
ã§äž¡æ¹ãšãå
¥ããŸããsudo dnf install perl ã ãã§ã¯ãperl-CGI ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŸããã
Fedoraã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããå Žåãdnf ã³ãã³ãã§ã® perl-CGIã®æ«å°Ÿ3æåã®ãCGIãã¯å€§æåã§ãªããã°ãªããŸããïŒã§ãªããšããã±ãŒãžãããŒãžã£ãŒãèªèããŸããïŒã
=== ã³ãŒãäŸ ===
äžèšã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãPerlã«ããåçŽãªCGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸã§ããCGIããã°ã©ã ã¯ãåŸè¿°ã®èšå®ãããããšã«ãŠã§ãã»ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒã§é²èЧããŠç¢ºèªã§ããŸããïŒã³ãã³ã端æ«ã§ã¯ç¢ºèªã§ããªãããèãã確èªãå°é£ãïŒ
;ã³ãŒãäŸ
<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl">
#!/usr/bin/perl
print "Content-Type: text/html\n\n";
print "Hello World!\n";
</syntaxhighlight>
::(2020幎6æ2æ¥ã« Fedora 32 ã§ãã©ãŠã¶äž(Firefox 76)ã§ã®åäœã確èªãã¿ããã ãåŸè¿°ã®è¿œå èšå®ãå¿
èŠã)
text/htmlã®ããšã®ãšã¹ã±ãŒãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã¯å¿
ã2〠\n\n ãšããŠãã ããããã1ã€ã ãã ãšããã©ãŠã¶ã§èŠãŠããšã©ãŒã«ãªãããHello World!ãã衚瀺ãããŸããã(ãã \n ã 1ã€ã ãã ãšã500 Internal Server Errorãã«ãªããŸãã)
;解説
* [[shebang]]
#!/usr/bin/perl
ãšããã®ã¯äœããšãããšãããã¯[[shebang]]ãšããOSã®æ©èœã§ãã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ã«äœã䜿ãããæå®ããŸãã
æžåŒã¯ã³ã¡ã³ãæãšåæ§ã«ã#ãããå§ãŸã圢åŒçã«ã¯ã³ã¡ã³ãã§ãããã³ã¡ã³ãã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§æ¶ããªãã§ãã ãããæ¶ããšåäœããªããªããŸãïŒäŸãã°ãbash ã®ããã³ããããå®è¡ãããš bash ã¹ã¯ãªãããšã㊠perl ã¹ã¯ãªãããå®è¡ããŠããŸããŸãããããã bash ã®æ§æã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãšã©ãŒã«ãªããŸãïŒã
Perlã ãã§ãªãUnixç³»ã®ã·ã§ã«ã¹ã¯ãªãããªã©ä»ã®ããã°ã©ã èšèªã§ãåæ§ã«[[shebang]]ãèšè¿°ããäºããããŸãã
{{See also|shebang}}
* shebang ã¯ãå¿
ããã¡ã€ã«ã®ïŒè¡ç®ã«ãªããã°ãããŸãã
* HTTPã¬ã¹ãã³ã¹ã»ããããŒ
Content-Type: text/html
ã¯ãHTTPã¬ã¹ãã³ã¹ã»ããããŒã®äžéšã§ããŠã§ãã»ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒãªã©ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã»ãšãŒãžã§ã³ãã¯ãHTMLæ¬äœãšã¯å¥ã«ãåä¿¡ããããšããæ
å ±ã®çš®é¡ãªã©ã®æåããã®ããã« HTTPããããŒãéåä¿¡ããã£ãŠãŸã(Perlã®å Žåã¯ãCGIããããŒããšããããHTTPã¬ã¹ãã³ã¹ã»ããããŒããšåºå¥ããŠããŸãããWebãµãŒããããããŒèŠçŽ ã远å ããå¯èœæ§ãããçºã§ã)ã
ãã®HTTPã¬ã¹ãã³ã¹ã»ããããŒã§éåä¿¡ãããæ
å ±ã®ã²ãšã€ã«ãContent-Type: ãããããŒããããŸãããContent-Type: text/htmlããšããããããŒã«ãã£ãŠãããããããã¹ãã®ïŒã€ã§ããHTMLãéãããšçžæå
ã«äŒããŠããŸãã
;ã³ãŒãäŸ2
HTMLã®ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããéãããå Žåã¯ãäžèšã®ããã«æžããŸãã
<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl">
#!/usr/bin/perl
print "Content-Type: text/html\n\n";
print "<!DOCTYPE html>\n";
print "<html>\n";
print "<head>\n";
print "<title>Example Web Page</title>\n";
print "</head>\n";
print "<body>\n";
print "<p>Hello, world!</p>\n";
print "</body>\n";
print "</html>\n";
</syntaxhighlight>
ãããå®çšçã«ã¯ãäžèšã®ããã«ããã°ã©ã ãæžããã»ããã©ã¯ã§ãããã
;ã³ãŒãäŸ3
<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl">
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
print <<"EOT";
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example Web Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello, world!</p>
</body>
</html>
EOT
</syntaxhighlight>
;解説
use warnings; ãšã¯äœããšãããšãããã¯ããã°ã©ã äžã«ãšã©ãŒããã£ããèŠåãåºããšããæå³ã§ããPerlã¯ããã°ã©ã èšèªã§ãã®ã§ããšã©ãŒãèµ·ããããŸãããã®ãšã©ãŒã®éã«èŠåãåºããšããæå³ã§ãã
ã§ãããããã¯ã³ãã³ã端æ«ã§å®è¡ããŠããå Žåã®ããã·ã§ãã
ãŠã§ãã»ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒã§èŠãŠããå Žåããã®ãããªæ°ã®ãããèŠåã¯ããŠãããŸããã
ãŸããuse warnings; ã¯èŠåãããã ãã§ãã®ã§ããã®ãŸãŸããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ããŸãããã£ããŠãæ°ãããããŠããã°ã©ã 忢ãããã¯ããŸããã
use strict; ã¯ãããã°ã©ã ã®åæ¢ãªã©ãå«ããŠããã峿 Œã«å€å®ããã³åŠçœ®ãããŸãã
ãªã®ã§ãäžèšããã°ã©ã ãã use warnings; ããã³ use strict; ãé€å»ããŠãããŠã§ãã»ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒäžã§è¡šç€ºããäºã¯å¯èœã§ãã
=== å¿
èŠãªè¿œå èšå® ===
ãã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã¯ãæ¡åŒµåãããªããã.cgiãã«ããŠãã ãããïŒæ¡åŒµåã.cgiããŸãã¯ã.plãã«ããªããšãä»åŸã®èšå®ãé¢åã«ãªããŸããïŒ
ãã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãããã©ã«ãéå±€
/var/www/cgi-bin
ã®äžã«é
眮ããŸãã
ãã cgi-bin ãã©ã«ãããŸã äœããŠããªãå Žåãperl-CGIããŸã ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠãªããšæãããã®ã§ããŸãperl-CGIãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããŠãã ããã
ææè
ãrootã«ãªã£ãŠããªã©ã§ãé
眮ã§ããªããªã
sudo chown ãŠãŒã¶ãŒå /var/www/cgi-bin
ã§ææè
ã倿Žã§ããŸãã
åé ã®
#!/usr/bin/perl
ã®éšåã¯ãç°å¢ã«ãã£ãŠã¯
#!/usr/local/bin/perl
ã®å ŽåããããŸãã
ãã®éšå #!/usr/local/bin/perl ã¯ãperlã®ã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ãåŒåºããŠã¹ã¯ãªãããæž¡ãããã®æç€ºã§ãã
ãããperlã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ã®ãã€ããªã®ååšå Žæããããã«ã¯ãã³ãã³ã
which perl
ã§æ¢ããŸãã
;ã³ãã³ãå®è¡äŸ
$ which perl
/usr/bin/perl
ãããŠãå¶äœãããµã³ãã«ãã¡ã€ã«ã¯ãã¢ã¯ã»ã¹æš©ã®èšå®ã§ãããã°ã©ã ãšããŠå®è¡å¯èœãã«ãã§ãã¯ããã¯ã¹ãå
¥ããŠãã ãããå³ã¯ãªãã¯ã§çŸãããã€ã¢ãã°ããèšå®ã§ãããšæããŸãã
ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒãžã®ãã¹ãããããªãå Žåã¯ããããã¯è²ã
ãªç°å¢ã§åããããšãæ³å®ãããå ŽåïŒæ¬æžããã®ã±ãŒã¹ã§ãïŒ
#!/usr/bin/env perl
ã®æ§ã« POSIX ã§ãã¹ã決ãŸã£ãŠãã env(1) ãåŒåºããïŒçµ¶å¯Ÿãã¹ã§ãªãïŒã³ãã³ãåã§ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒãæå®ããŸãã
ãããããšãenv ã¯ç°å¢å€æ°PATHã®äžããé ã« ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒ ãæ¢ããèŠã€ãã£ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒã«ã¹ã¯ãªãããæž¡ãèµ·åããŸãã
----
ãããããµãŒããApacheã®å ŽåããŸã§ããããã ãã§ã¯åããŸããã
Apacheã¯åæèšå®ã§ã¯ãcgiã¹ã¯ãªãããåãããªãèšå®ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãããªã®ã§ããŸãããã®åæèšå®ãæžãæããå¿
èŠããããŸãã
cgiã¹ã¯ãªãããåãããããã«èšå®ã倿Žããããã«ãèšå®ãã¡ã€ã«ã® httpd.conf ãšãããã¡ã€ã«ãæžãæããŠã
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
ãšããæç« ã远å ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã
ãªããéåžžã®apacheã§ã¯ããã§ã«ã³ã¡ã³ãã¢ãŠããããç¶æ
ã§
#AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
ãšããã®ã§ãåã«åé ã®ã³ã¡ã³ãã¢ãŠãèšå·#ãã¯ããã°ããã ãã§ãã
ãã®æžãæãã«ãããæ¡åŒµå .cgi ã®ãããã¡ã€ã«ããcgiã¹ã¯ãªãããšããŠåŠçã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã
ãªããperlãªã©ã§äœ¿ãããæ¡åŒµå ã.plãã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãCGIã¹ã¯ãªãããšããŠå®è¡ããããªããäžèšã® AddHandler ã«
#AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl
ãšã.plãã远å ããã ãã§æžã¿ãŸãã
ãã ãã管çè
ãéåžžã§ã¯ root ã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ã§ããã®ãŸãŸã§ã¯ãæžãæãã§ããŸããããªã®ã§GNU/Linuxã®å Žåãã³ãã³ãã§
sudo chown ãã°ã€ã³ãŠãŒã¶å /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ã§ã管çè
ãå€ããŠããã管çè
èšå®ãæžãæããããšã«ãªããŸãã
æžãæããçµãã£ãããapache ãç«ã¡äžãçŽããŸãã
ãããŠããŠã§ãã»ãã©ãŠã¶ãŒã§
http://localhost/cgi-bin/ãã¡ã€ã«å.cgi
ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããŠãã ããã
;å®è¡çµæ
ãã©ãŠã¶ç»é¢äžã«
Hello, world!
ãšè¡šç€ºãããŠããŸãããŸãããã®ããŒãžã®ã¿ã€ãã«ãšããŠãã¿ãæ¬ãªã©ã«ãExample Web PageããšæžããŠãããŸãã
=== HTMLãšã®é£åã®äŸ ===
ã§ã¯ãããå®çšçãªããã°ã©ã ãèŠãŠãããŸãããã
äžèšã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯ãå
¥åããæååããhtmlã®ãã©ãŒã æ©èœã䜿ã£ãŠå¥ãã¡ã€ã«(äŸã§ã¯ catchtest.cgi ) ã«éãããã°ã©ã ã§ãã
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl">
#!/usr/bin/env perl
print <<"EOT";
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
<!DOCTYPE html>
<form action="catchTest.cgi" method="post">
ãŠãŒã¶ãŒåãç»é²: <input type="text" name="username">
<input type="submit" value="ç»é²">
</form>
EOT
</syntaxhighlight>
â» ã[[PHP/HTMLãã©ãŒã ããã®ããŒã¿åãåã]]ããšåäœå
容ã¯åãã§ãã
ãã®ããã«ããã¿ãŒã³ãšããŠ
<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl">
#!/usr/bin/env perl
print <<"EOT";
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
<!DOCTYPE html>
# ããã«æžãããHTMLã®ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããæžã
# äžç¥
EOT
</syntaxhighlight>
ãšãããããªæžåŒã§ãåã« <nowiki><!DOCTYPE html></nowiki> ãš <nowiki> EOT </nowiki> ã®ããã ã«ããæ±ºãŸãã®ãã¿ãŒã³ã®ã³ãŒããæžãã ãã§ãå
¥åºåæ©èœã®ãããã¡ãŒã ãç°¡åã«äœããŸãã
----
äžèšã®ã³ãŒãã®é·ç§»å
ã®ããŒãžã¯ãäžèšã®ããã«ã€ãããŸã
;ã³ãŒãäŸ
<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl">
#!/usr/bin/env perl
print "Content-type: text/html\n\n";
$msg = ""
if ($ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'} eq "POST") {
read(STDIN, $msg, $ENV{'CONTENT_LENGTH'});
}
else {
$msg = $ENV{'QUERY_STRING'};
}
print " $msg ãšå
¥åãããŸããã";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ
ããšãã° ggggggg ãšãã©ãŠã¶ã«è¡šç€ºãããå
¥åããã¯ã¹ã«ããŠãã¿ã³ãç»é²ããæŒããšã
username=ggggggg ãšå
¥åãããŸããã
ãšè¡šç€ºãããŸãã
:ïŒä»¥äžãå®è¡çµæïŒ
;解説
ãŸããé·ç§»å
ã®ããŒãžã«ãã[[shebang]]ãHTTPã¬ã¹ãã³ã¹ã»ããããŒãå¿ããªãããã«ããŸãããïŒç¡ããšãšã©ãŒã«ãªããŸã(Internal Server Error ãªã©) ïŒã
äžèšã³ãŒãã® ifæ ãš elseæ ã¯ã決ãŸãæå¥ã§ãã $msg以å€ã¯ãã¹ãŠãPerlã§ã®æ±ºãŸãæå¥ã§ããSTDINã¯æšæºå
¥åã®ããšã§ãã
Perlã§ã¯ãformã¿ã°ããã®POSTã®åãåãã¯ãæšæºå
¥å STDIN ãéããŠåãåããè¡ããã仿§ã§ãã
ç°å¢å€æ°ãšã㊠REQUEST_METHOD ã CONTENT_LENGTH ã QUERY_STRING ãšããç°å¢å€æ°ããããããçšæãããŠããŸãããªã®ã§äžèšã³ãŒãã§ã¯ããã®å€æ°ã¯ãã®ãŸãŸäœ¿ãå¿
èŠããããŸãïŒåæã«ååãå€ããŠã¯ã€ã±ãã€ïŒã
ãªããç°å¢å€æ°ãè±èªã§ environmental variable ãšèšããŸãã
if ($ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'} eq "POST")
ãšããã®ã¯ããããããããç°å¢å€æ° REQUEST_METHOD ã POST ãªãã ã®ãããªæå³ã§ãã
ç°å¢å€æ° REQUEST_METHOD ã«ã¯ããã©ãŒã ãåŒã³åºããæã®ãªã¯ãšã¹ãã®çµæãPOSTãŸãã¯GETã®ã©ã¡ãããšããŠå
¥ã£ãŠããŸãã
{| class="wikitable" style="float: right;"
|+ ç䟡æŒç®å
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | æ°å€ãšããŠè©äŸ¡
! style="text-align:center" | æåãšããŠè©äŸ¡
! æå³
|-
| ==
| style="text-align:center"| eq
|çããå Žåã«ç
|-
| !=
| style="text-align:center"| ne
|çãããªãå Žåã«çã
|-
|}
eq æŒç®åã¯ããeqã®å·Šå³ã®äž¡èŸºãããæååãšããå Žåã«ã䞡蟺ãçãããïŒãã調ã¹ãæŒç®åã§ãã
ãã£ãœãã<nowiki>==</nowiki> æŒç®åã¯ãäž¡èŸºãæ°å€ãšããå Žåã«çãããã調ã¹ãæŒç®åã§ãã(Cèšèªãšéã£ãŠãPerlã§ã¯å€æ°ã®å®£èšæã«åæå®ãç¡ãã®ã§ãæ¡ä»¶åå²ifæã§ã¯ããããã£ãæŒç®åã®åºå¥ãå¿
èŠã«ãªããŸãã)
ãªã®ã§ããã£ã㊠eqæŒç®åã®éšåã <nowiki>==</nowiki> æŒç®åã«å€ããŠã¯ãã¡ã§ãã
ãªãã䞡蟺ãçãããªãå Žåã«ã€ããŠã¯ãæåãšããŠè©äŸ¡ããå Žåã«ã¯ ne æŒç®åãæ°å€ãšããŠè©äŸ¡ããå Žåã«ã¯ != æŒç®å ã§ãã
ããŠãè¡šç€ºçµæã® username ãšããã®ã¯åã«ãåæã«ã€ãããªããžã§ã¯ãåã§ãããåŒã³åºãå
ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã®HTMLã¿ã°ã§åæã«åœåãããªããžã§ã¯ãåã§ãã®ã§ããããã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãåãå€ããã°ãè¡šç€ºçµæã®å·ŠèŸºã®ãã®éšåã¯ååã«ãªããŸãã
çµå±
ãªããžã§ã¯ãå = åãåã£ãå
容
ã®ããã«ããªããžã§ã¯ãåãšäžç·ã«ãPerlã§ã¯ POST ã§åãåã£ãå
容ã管çããä»çµã¿ã§ãã
=== é«åºŠãªäŸ ===
ããé«åºŠãªCGIããã°ã©ã ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl">
#!/usr/local/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use CGI;
my $q = CGI->new;
print $q->header( -charset => "UTF-8" );
print $q->start_html( -title => "Example Web Page" );
print $q->p("Hello, world!");
print $q->end_html;
</syntaxhighlight>
äžèšã®æžãæ¹ã¯ãä¿¡ããããªãæ€ç©ãããŠã³ããŒããã§æ€çŽ¢ããŠãåèã«èŠãŠãã ãããCGIã®ã²ãŒã ã§ãã
ã¡ãã£ãšå€ãèŠãªããæ§æ ãªãªãžãã«ã§ããprintã¯äžè¬çã«äœ¿ãããŠããŸãã
<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl">
#!C:/Perl/bin/perl
#äžã¯å¿
ãäžè¡ç®ã«æžããŠããŒã«ã«ãã¹ã C:\Perl\bin\perl.exeã䜿ããšèšãå®çŸ©ã§ããã³ã¡ã³ããæžããŸããã
print "Content-type:text/html\n\n"; #\næ¹è¡ããµãã€å¿
èŠã§ãã¯ãããŒã¯äžã«æžããŸãã
print <<EOF ;
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>ãŠããš</title>
</head>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff">
<h1>test</h1>
EOF
print "åãããªã<br>\n"; #print ã«ç¶ãç©ãããã°ã©ã ã§ããããããŒãšããã¿ã«åå²ããŠãµãã«ãŒãã³ãšããäºãã§ããŸãã
print <<"EOF" ;
</BODY>
</html>
EOF
exit;
__END__
</syntaxhighlight>
*ç·šéè
ã®çµéšã«ããæèŠãå
¥ãããç¥ããŸãããèªè«ãæŒãä»ããæ°ã¯ãããŸããã
* cgi-lib.pl(èäœæš©ãããšèšããã®ããããã³ãŒããããããããããŒãããã¿ãæžãåºãã«ã¯äŸ¿å©ã§ãããèéãå©ããªããšããé£ç¹ããããŸãã
*æè¿ãCSSã䜿ãäºãå€ããªããŸãããã察å¿ç¶æ³ãå€ããŸããã
*JavaScriptããã£ãããããããŒã®å¯èŠæ§ãäžååã§ãã
* [https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jcode.pl jcode.pl]ïŒèäœæš©ããïŒãããèŠãããŸããæžããèšèªãšåãèšèªãéåžžæ»ã£ãŠããŸããã¡ãŒã«çš[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendmail Sendmail]ã®[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89 JISã³ãŒã]ã«å€æãããã«ã¯éåžžã«äŸ¿å©ã§ããcgiããã¡ãŒã«ãéä¿¡ããªãå Žåã¯å
éšã§èšèªå€æãããªãã®ãªãã°ãããŸãå¿
èŠãšæããŸããã
*ã§ã¯ããã³ãŒããã©ã®æ§ã«çµããæžããŠãããŸããcgi-lib.plïŒèäœæš©ããïŒã䜿ããš$in{'éãããŠããããŒã¿'}ãšè¿ãããŸãã®ã§$In{'éãããŠããããŒã¿'}ãšæžãæããŸãã
<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl">
#!C:/Perl/bin/perl
#äžèšã¯ãµãŒããŒã§åããæã¯ãµãŒããŒã®ä»æ§æžãèŠãŠå€ããŠãã ããã
#!/usr/local/bin/perl
# ãã®cgiã®åå
$this_cgi = "mihon.cgi";
# GETã§ã®åã蟌ã¿ãçŠæ¢ããŸãã1ããŸãã¯ã0
$getin = 0;
# ãã¡ã€ã«ã®ãµã€ãºæå®
$max_size = 100;
&decode;
&header;
&main;
&footer;
exit;
####### ã¡ã€ã³åŠç ######
sub main{
print 'ããªã㯠';
print "$In{'kakikomi'}";
print 'ããšæžã蟌ã¿ããŸãããã<br><br>'; # å
šè§ç©ºçœã¯æååãã®çº ''ã䜿ã£ãŠå²ãã
print << "EOF" ;
<br>
<form action="$this_cgi" method="POST">
<input type="text" name="kakikomi" size="40" maxlength="30">
<input type="submit" value="éä¿¡ãã">
</form>
EOF
}
#######ããããŒåºå
sub header {
print "Content-type:text/html\n\n";
print <<"EOF" ;
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>èŠæ¬1</title>
</head>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff">
EOF
}
#ãã³ãŒãåŠç
sub decode {
my ($query,$pair);
if($ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'} eq 'POST') {
read(STDIN, $query, $ENV{'CONTENT_LENGTH'});
} else {
$query = $ENV{'QUERY_STRING'};
if ($query ne "" && $getin == 1){&err("GET");}
}
my ($saizu)=length $query;
if ($saizu > $max_size){&err("ãšã©ãŒã»ãµã€ãºãªãŒããŒ");}
foreach $pair (split(/&/, $query)) {
my ($key, $value) = split(/=/, $pair);
# æåã®ãã³ãŒã
$value =~ s/%([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/chr(hex($1))/eg;
$value =~ s/\0/0/g;
$value =~ s/</</g;
$value =~ s/>/>/g;
$value =~ s/\r\n/<br>/g; #远å
$value =~ s/\r|\n/<br>/g;
$value =~ tr/+/ /;
$In{$key} = $value;
}
}
### ããã¿ #########
sub footer{
print "<br><br><table border='1'>";
print "<tr><th>ãã©ãŒã èŠçŽ å</th><th>ããŒã¿</th></tr>";
foreach $key (keys %In) {
print "<tr><th>$key</th><td>$In{$key}</td></tr>\n";
}
print "</table><br>";
print <<"EOF" ;
</BODY>
</html>
EOF
exit;
}
###### ãšã©ãŒ ########
sub err{
&header;
print 'ãšã©ãŒ'."<br>\n";
print "$_[0]<br>\n";
&footer;
exit;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
== Perl/CGIããã°ã©ã ã®äŸ2 ==
* å°ãé£ãããªã£ãŠããŸãããHTMLã®ç¥èãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã·ãŒãã®çµã¿èŸŒã¿ããžã£ãã¹ã¯ãªããã®æžã蟌ã¿ã远å ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
* ããã¯ãã¡ã€ã«ããã©ã«ãã®å¥œãŸãããªãç¹ãäžãããšããã£ã¡ããã£ã¡ãããã¯ã«æ¥ãŠããã¯ããã«çšŒåã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãããšã§ãã
* ã€ãŸããããã¯ã®åæ£åãå¿
èŠã«ãªããŸãããã¡ã€ã«ãã³ãã«ã§å¥åã䜿ããã¡ã€ã«ã«ãã£ãŠä»ããŠããã°ããã¡ã€ã«ãã³ãã«ã®è¡çªãèµ·ããªãããã¡ã€ã«ã®è¡çªãåŸ
ã¡æéã®è»œæžã«ãªããšæããŸãã
* ãããèžãŸããäžã§çµãã§èŠãŸããã
* ã©ã³ãã ãã·ãŒããäžããªããã°ã¿ã€ã ãèªåçã«ãªããŸãã
* ãèŠæãããã°ãã£ãšè©³ããæžããŸããããšãããããããªç©ããšæžãå ããŠè©ŠããŠã¿ãã®ãç®çã«çµã¿ãŸããã
<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl">
#!d:/Perl/bin/perl
#äžèšã¯ãµãŒããŒã§åããæã¯ãµãŒããŒã®ä»æ§æžãèŠãŠå€ããŠãã ããã
# ãã®cgiã®åå
$this_cgi = "mihon.cgi";
# GETã§ã®åã蟌ã¿ãçŠæ¢ããŸãã1ããŸãã¯ã0
$getin = 0;
# ãã¡ã€ã«ã®ãµã€ãºæå®
$max_size = 100;
# ã«ãŠã³ã¿ãã¡ã€ã«
$cntfile = './count.cgi';
# ç¡ãæã«èªåçã«äœæãã
unless(-e "$cntfile"){
open (FOUT, "> $cntfile") or &err("ãšã©ãŒã»ãã¡ã€ã«ãäœããŸããã");
close (FOUT);
chmod 0600,$cntfile;
}
#
# ã«ãŠã³ã¿ã®æ¡æ°
$mini_fig = 6;
# èšé²ãã¡ã€ã«ã®åå
$datafile = './kiroku.cgi';
# ç¡ãæã«èªåçã«äœæãã
unless(-e "$datafile"){
open (FOUT, "> $datafile") or &err("ãšã©ãŒã»ãã¡ã€ã«ãäœããŸããã");
close (FOUT);
chmod 0600,$cntfile;
}
#
####--------------------------------------------------------
&decode;
&header;
&main;
&footer;
exit;
######### ã«ãŠã³ã¿åŠç
sub counter {
local($count,$cntup);
# ã«ãŠã³ããã¡ã€ã«ãèªã¿ãã¿
open(CUNT,"< $cntfile") || &err("Open Error: cntfile","in");
eval{flock(CUNT, 1);};
$count = <CUNT>;
close(CUNT);
local($local_time);
local($cnt,$kiroku_day,$keika_day,$today,$yestaday) = split(/<>/, $count);
$local_time = time + (9*60*60);#GMT+9:00è£æ£
if (!$kiroku_day){
$kiroku_day = $local_time - ($local_time % (24*60*60));
}
if ($local_time - $kiroku_day > 24*60*60){
$keika_day += int(($local_time - $kiroku_day)/(24*60*60));
if ($local_time - $kiroku_day > 2*24*60*60){
$yestaday = 0;
}else{$yestaday = $today;}
$kiroku_day = $local_time - ($local_time % (24*60*60));
$today = 0;
}
$today++;
if (!$keika_day){$keika_day = 0; }
if (!$yestaday){$yestaday = 0; }
$cnt++;
open(CUNT,"> $cntfile") || &err("Write Error: cntfile","in");
eval{flock(CUNT, 2);};
print CUNT "$cnt<>$kiroku_day<>$keika_day<>$today<>$yestaday<>\n";
close(CUNT);
# æ¡æ°èª¿æŽ
while(length($cnt) < $mini_fig) { $cnt = '0' . $cnt; }
#æéã®æŽåœ¢
$date_sec = time;
($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year,$wday) = localtime($date_sec);
# local($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year,$wday) = localtime($date_sec); # æ¥æã䜿ããããã«éæŸ
local @week = ('Sun','Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat');
local $m_week = $week[$wday];
$date = sprintf("%04d/%02d/%02d(%s) %02d:%02d:%02d",$year+1900,$mon+1,$mday,$week[$wday],$hour,$min,$sec);
print "<table border=\"0\">\n";
print "<tr><td rowspan=\"3\">\n";
print "<font size=\"6\"class=\"kazu\">$cnt</font><br>\n";
print "</td><td><font size=\"2\">çµé</font></td><td><font size=\"2\">$keika_day</font></td></tr>\n";
print "<tr><td><font size=\"2\">仿¥</font></td><td><font size=\"2\">$today</font></td></tr>\n";
print "<tr><td><font size=\"2\">æšæ¥</font></td><td><font size=\"2\">$yestaday</font></td></tr>\n";
print "<tr><td colspan=\"3\"><font size=\"2\"><form name=\"Watch0\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"watch01\" size=\"25\"></form></font></td></tr>\n";
print "</table><br>\n";
}
##### èšé²éã³
sub asobkiroku {
$detskazu = int(rand(10))+1;
if(6 <= $detskazu){$asobimese = 'ããªãã®åã¡';}else{$asobimese = 'ããªãã®è² ã';}
open(DATS,"< $datafile") || &err("Open Error: datafile","in");
eval{flock(DATS, 1);};
@datas = <DATS>;
close(DATS);
unshift @datas,"$detskazu<>$asobimese<>$In{'kakikomi'}<>$date<>\n";
if(@datas > 10){$#datas = 9;}
open(DATS,"> $datafile") || &err("Write Error: datafile","in");
eval{flock(DATS, 2);};
print DATS @datas;
close(DATS);
foreach (@datas){
($b_detskazu,$b_asobimese,$b_kakikomi,$b_date) = split(/<>/);
if($b_detskazu >=6){
print "<font class=\"kachi\">$b_detskazu $b_asobimese ã³ã¡ã³ã:$b_kakikomi $b_date</font><br>\n";
}else{
print "$b_detskazu $b_asobimese ã³ã¡ã³ã:$b_kakikomi $b_date<br>\n";
}
}
}
####### ã¡ã€ã³åŠç ######
sub main{
&counter;
print 'ããªã㯠';
print "$In{'kakikomi'}";
print 'ããšæžã蟌ã¿ããŸãããã<br><br>'; # å
šè§ç©ºçœã¯æååãã®çº ''ã䜿ã£ãŠå²ãã
&asobkiroku;
print << "EOF" ;
<br>
<form action="$this_cgi" method="POST">
<input type="text" name="kakikomi" size="40" maxlength="30">
<input type="submit" value="éä¿¡ãã">
</form>
EOF
}
#######ããããŒåºå
sub header {
print "Content-type:text/html\n\n";
print <<"EOF" ;
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta tttp-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="taxt/javascript">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<title>èŠæ¬2</title>
<script language="JavaScript">
<!--
function DayWatch() {
var day = new Date();
if ( day.getYear() >= 2000 ){ var year = day.getYear() }
else { var year = day.getYear() +1900 }
var month = day.getMonth()+1;
var date = day.getDate();
if (month < 10) { //æ.æ¥ãäžæ¡ã®æé ã«0ãä»ããåŠç
month = "0" + month;
}
if (date < 10) {
date = "0" + date;
}
var time = new Date();
var hour = time.getHours();
var min = time.getMinutes();
var sec = time.getSeconds();
if (hour < 10) { //æã»åã»ç§ã1æ¡ã®æé ã«0ãä»ããåŠç
hour = "0" + hour;
}
if (min < 10) {
min = "0" + min;
}
if (sec < 10) {
sec = "0" + sec;
}
document.Watch0.watch01.value = year +"/"+month+"/"+date+" "+hour+':'+min+':'+sec;
setTimeout("DayWatch()", 1000);
}
//-->
</script>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
.kazu{
color: #ff0000;
}
.kachi{
color: #0000ff;
}
-->
</style>
</head>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff" onLoad="DayWatch()">
EOF
}
#ãã³ãŒãåŠç
sub decode {
my ($query,$pair);
if($ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'} eq 'POST') {
read(STDIN, $query, $ENV{'CONTENT_LENGTH'});
} else {
$query = $ENV{'QUERY_STRING'};
if ($query ne "" && $getin == 1){&err("GET");}
}
my ($saizu)=length $query;
if ($saizu > $max_size){&err("ãšã©ãŒã»ãµã€ãºãªãŒããŒ");}
foreach $pair (split(/&/, $query)) {
my ($key, $value) = split(/=/, $pair);
# æåã®ãã³ãŒã
$value =~ s/%([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/chr(hex($1))/eg;
$value =~ s/\0/0/g;
$value =~ s/</</g;
$value =~ s/>/>/g;
$value =~ s/\r\n/<br>/g; #远å
$value =~ s/\r|\n/<br>/g;
$value =~ tr/+/ /;
$In{$key} = $value;
}
}
### ããã¿ #########
sub footer{
print "<br><br><table border='1'>";
print "<tr><th>ãã©ãŒã èŠçŽ å</th><th>ããŒã¿</th></tr>";
foreach $key (keys %In) {
print "<tr><th>$key</th><td>$In{$key}</td></tr>\n";
}
print "</table><br>";
print <<"EOF" ;
</BODY>
</html>
EOF
exit;
}
###### ãšã©ãŒ ########
sub err{
if($_[1] ne "in"){
&header;
}
print 'ãšã©ãŒ'."<br>\n";
print "$_[0]<br>\n";
&footer;
exit;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
* äžèšã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯äžè¬çã§ã¯ç¡ãããç¥ããŸãããprintæã§äžæ°ã«æžãåºãã®ã楜ã§ããåããããã§ãã ãªã®ã§ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã¯äœ¿çšããããªãã®ã§ããPerlã§ã¯ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«åããŠçµã¿èŸŒãäºãåºæ¥ãŸãã
* äžèšã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯åçã«åããã«ã¯ã¯ãããŒãšãœãŒããé
åã®äžã®ç¬¬äžå€æ°ãåç
§ããŠãäžŠã¹æ¿ããè¡ã£ãŠããŸãã
* åããªãåèªã¯ããã§ã¯ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã«ã€ããŠã®èšè¿°ã«ãªãã®ã§ããã§ã¯è§ŠããŸããããªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãäºå
žãåç
§ããŠãã ããã
<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl">
#!d:/Perl/bin/perl
#äžèšã¯ãµãŒããŒã§åããæã¯ãµãŒããŒã®ä»æ§æžãèŠãŠå€ããŠãã ããã
# ãã®cgiã®åå
$this_cgi = "mihon.cgi";
# GETã§ã®åã蟌ã¿ãçŠæ¢ããŸãã1ããŸãã¯ã0
$getin = 0;
# ãã¡ã€ã«ã®ãµã€ãºæå®
$max_size = 100;
# ã«ãŠã³ã¿ãã¡ã€ã«
$cntfile = './count.cgi';
# ç¡ãæã«èªåçã«äœæãã
unless(-e "$cntfile"){
open (FOUT, "> $cntfile") or &err("ãšã©ãŒã»ãã¡ã€ã«ãäœããŸããã");
close (FOUT);
chmod 0600,$cntfile;
}
#
# ã«ãŠã³ã¿ã®æ¡æ°
$mini_fig = 6;
# èšé²ãã¡ã€ã«ã®åå
$datafile = './kiroku.cgi';
# ç¡ãæã«èªåçã«äœæãã
unless(-e "$datafile"){
open (FOUT, "> $datafile") or &err("ãšã©ãŒã»ãã¡ã€ã«ãäœããŸããã");
close (FOUT);
chmod 0600,$cntfile;
}
#
# ç»é²ããã¯ãããŒã®åå
$COOKIE_NAME = 'mihon';
# ã¯ãããŒã®æå¹æé
$COOKIE_LIFE = 7;
#åã蟌ã¿ãã¡ã€ã«ã®äžæºåéåžžã¯å¥ãã¡ã€ã«ãšããŠäœããŸãã
$require_txt = "errgo.cgi";
# ç¡ãæã«èªåçã«äœæãã
unless(-e "$require_txt"){
open (FOUT, "> $require_txt") or &err("ãšã©ãŒã»ãã¡ã€ã«ãäœããŸããã");
print FOUT "sub err_go { &err(\"ãšã©ãŒã¯ãšã¹ãããããŸããã\");}\n1;\n"; #ãã¡ã€ã«ã®çµããã«ã¯ã1;ããå¿
èŠãåºæ¥ããã¡ã€ã«ãèŠãŠãã ããã
close (FOUT);
chmod 0600,$require_txt;
}
####--------------------------------------------------------
require './errgo.cgi';
#sub err_go { &err("ãšã©ãŒã¯ãšã¹ãããããŸããã");}
&decode;
&cookie_in;
if($In{'kakikomi'} eq "ãšã©ãŒãŽãŒ"){&err_go;} #ãšã©ãŒãŽãŒãšæžãããæãšã©ãŒã«è¡ãã
&decode;
&cookie_in;
&header;
&main;
&footer;
exit;
######### ã«ãŠã³ã¿åŠç
sub counter {
local($count,$cntup);
# ã«ãŠã³ããã¡ã€ã«ãèªã¿ãã¿
open(CUNT,"< $cntfile") || &err("Open Error: cntfile","in");
eval{flock(CUNT, 1);};
$count = <CUNT>;
close(CUNT);
local($local_time);
local($cnt,$kiroku_day,$keika_day,$today,$yestaday) = split(/<>/, $count);
$local_time = time + (9*60*60);#GMT+9:00è£æ£
if (!$kiroku_day){
$kiroku_day = $local_time - ($local_time % (24*60*60));
}
if ($local_time - $kiroku_day > 24*60*60){
$keika_day += int(($local_time - $kiroku_day)/(24*60*60));
if ($local_time - $kiroku_day > 2*24*60*60){
$yestaday = 0;
}else{$yestaday = $today;}
$kiroku_day = $local_time - ($local_time % (24*60*60));
$today = 0;
}
$today++;
if (!$keika_day){$keika_day = 0; }
if (!$yestaday){$yestaday = 0; }
$cnt++;
open(CUNT,"> $cntfile") || &err("Write Error: cntfile","in");
eval{flock(CUNT, 2);};
print CUNT "$cnt<>$kiroku_day<>$keika_day<>$today<>$yestaday<>\n";
close(CUNT);
# æ¡æ°èª¿æŽ
while(length($cnt) < $mini_fig) { $cnt = '0' . $cnt; }
&dates;
print qq|<table border="0">\n|;
print qq|<tr><td rowspan="3">\n|;
print qq|<font size="6"class="kazu">$cnt</font><br>\n|;
print qq|</td><td><font size="2">çµé</font></td><td><font size="2">$keika_day</font></td></tr>\n|;
print qq|<tr><td><font size="2">仿¥</font></td><td><font size="2">$today</font></td></tr>\n|;
print qq|<tr><td><font size="2">æšæ¥</font></td><td><font size="2">$yestaday</font></td></tr>\n|;
print qq|<tr><td colspan="3"><font size="2"><form name="Watch0"><input type="text" name="watch01" size="25"></form></font></td></tr>\n|;
print qq|</table><br>\n|;
}
###### æ¥ä»ãšæé
sub dates {
#æéã®æŽåœ¢
$date_sec = time;
($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year,$wday) = localtime($date_sec);
# local($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year,$wday) = localtime($date_sec); # æ¥æã䜿ããããã«éæŸ
local @week = ('Sun','Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat');
local $m_week = $week[$wday];
$date = sprintf("%04d/%02d/%02d(%s) %02d:%02d:%02d",$year+1900,$mon+1,$mday,$week[$wday],$hour,$min,$sec);
}
##### èšé²éã³
sub asobkiroku {
$detskazu = int(rand(10))+1;
if(6 <= $detskazu){$asobimese = 'ããªãã®åã¡';}else{$asobimese = 'ããªãã®è² ã';}
open(DATS,"< $datafile") || &err("Open Error: datafile","in");
eval{flock(DATS, 1);};
@datas = <DATS>;
close(DATS);
unshift @datas,"$detskazu<>$asobimese<>$In{'kakikomi'}<>$date<>\n";
if(@datas > 10){$#datas = 9;}
open(DATS,"> $datafile") || &err("Write Error: datafile","in");
eval{flock(DATS, 2);};
print DATS @datas;
close(DATS);
foreach (@datas){
($b_detskazu,$b_asobimese,$b_kakikomi,$b_date) = split(/<>/);
if($b_detskazu >=6){
print "<font class=\"kachi\">$b_detskazu $b_asobimese ã³ã¡ã³ã:$b_kakikomi $b_date</font><br>\n";
}else{
print "$b_detskazu $b_asobimese ã³ã¡ã³ã:$b_kakikomi $b_date<br>\n";
}
}
# å
é ã®èŠçŽ ã«ããäžŠã¹æ¿ã
@keys1 = map {(split /<>/)[0]} @datas;
@new_datas = @datas[sort {$keys1[$b] <=> $keys1[$a]} 0 .. $#keys1];
print "<br><br>\n";
foreach (@new_datas){
($b_detskazu,$b_asobimese,$b_kakikomi,$b_date) = split(/<>/);
if($b_detskazu >=6){
print "<font class=\"kachi\">$b_detskazu $b_asobimese ã³ã¡ã³ã:$b_kakikomi $b_date</font><br>\n";
}else{
print "$b_detskazu $b_asobimese ã³ã¡ã³ã:$b_kakikomi $b_date<br>\n";
}
}
print "<br><br>ã¯ãããŒã¯ $COOKIE{'kakikomi'} ãš $COOKIE{'date'} ã衚\瀺ãããŸãã<br><br>\n"; # è¡šã¯æååããèµ·ããã®ã§\ãå
¥ããŸãã
}
####### ã¡ã€ã³åŠç ######
sub main{
&counter;
print 'ããªã㯠';
print "$In{'kakikomi'}";
print 'ããšæžã蟌ã¿ããŸãããã<br><br>'."\n"; # å
šè§ç©ºçœã¯æååãã®çº ''ã䜿ã£ãŠå²ãã
&asobkiroku;
print << "EOF" ;
<br>
<form action="$this_cgi" method="POST">
<input type="text" name="kakikomi" size="40" maxlength="30">
<input type="submit" value="éä¿¡ãã">
</form>
EOF
}
### ã¯ãããŒã«å€ãã»ãã ####
sub set_cookie{
if ($In{'kakikomi'}){ #æžèŸŒã®æéå®ã
# if (!$In{'coodel'}){
&dates; # æ¥ä»ãšæéã®ãµãã«ãŒãã³
$COOKIE{'kakikomi'} = $In{'kakikomi'};
$COOKIE{'date'} = $date;
# }
}
}
### ã¯ãããŒèªã¿åºã ######
sub cookie_in{
my ($pair, $cpair);
foreach $pair (split(/;\s*/, $ENV{'HTTP_COOKIE'})) {
my ($name, $value) = split(/=/, $pair);
# åäžã®ã¯ãããŒå€ãã%COOKIEã«ãã³ãŒã
if($name eq $COOKIE_NAME) {
foreach $cpair (split(/&/, $value)) {
my ($cname, $cvalue) = split(/#/, $cpair);
$cvalue =~ s/%([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/chr(hex($1))/eg;
$COOKIE{$cname} = $cvalue;
}
last;
}
}
}
### ã¯ãããŒçºè¡ ####
sub cooki_hakkou{
&set_cookie; # ã¯ãããŒã®ã»ãã
my (@cpairs, $cname, $cvalue, $value);
if ($In{'coodel'}){$COOKIE_LIFE = -1;} # ã¯ãããŒæ¶å»
# %COOKIEãåäžã®ã¯ãããŒå€ã«ãšã³ã³ãŒã
foreach $cname (keys %COOKIE) {
$cvalue = $COOKIE{$cname};
$cvalue =~ s/(\W)/sprintf("%%%02X", ord $1)/eg;
push @cpairs, "$cname#$cvalue";
}
$value = join('&', @cpairs);
# ã°ãªãããžæšæºæã®æåå
my @mon_str = qw(Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec);
my @wdy_str = qw(Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat);
my $life = $COOKIE_LIFE * 24 * 60 * 60;
my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year, $wday) = gmtime(time + $life);
my $date = sprintf("%s, %02d-%s-%04d %02d:%02d:%02d GMT",
$wdy_str[$wday], $mday, $mon_str[$mon], $year + 1900, $hour, $min, $sec);
return ("Set-Cookie: $COOKIE_NAME=$value; expires=$date\n");
}
#######ããããŒåºå
sub header {
($my_cookie) = &cooki_hakkou;
print "$my_cookie";
print "Content-type:text/html\n\n";
print <<"EOF" ;
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta tttp-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="taxt/javascript">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<title>èŠæ¬2</title>
<script language="JavaScript">
<!--
function DayWatch() {
var day = new Date();
if ( day.getYear() >= 2000 ){ var year = day.getYear() }
else { var year = day.getYear() +1900 }
var month = day.getMonth()+1;
var date = day.getDate();
if (month < 10) { //æ.æ¥ãäžæ¡ã®æé ã«0ãä»ããåŠç
month = "0" + month;
}
if (date < 10) {
date = "0" + date;
}
var time = new Date();
var hour = time.getHours();
var min = time.getMinutes();
var sec = time.getSeconds();
if (hour < 10) { //æã»åã»ç§ã1æ¡ã®æé ã«0ãä»ããåŠç
hour = "0" + hour;
}
if (min < 10) {
min = "0" + min;
}
if (sec < 10) {
sec = "0" + sec;
}
document.Watch0.watch01.value = year +"/"+month+"/"+date+" "+hour+':'+min+':'+sec;
setTimeout("DayWatch()", 1000);
}
//-->
</script>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
.kazu{
color: #ff0000;
}
.kachi{
color: #0000ff;
}
-->
</style>
</head>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff" onLoad="DayWatch()">
EOF
}
#ãã³ãŒãåŠç
sub decode {
my ($query,$pair);
if($ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'} eq 'POST') {
read(STDIN, $query, $ENV{'CONTENT_LENGTH'});
} else {
$query = $ENV{'QUERY_STRING'};
if ($query ne "" && $getin == 1){&err("GET");}
}
my ($saizu)=length $query;
if ($saizu > $max_size){&err("ãšã©ãŒã»ãµã€ãºãªãŒããŒ");}
foreach $pair (split(/&/, $query)) {
my ($key, $value) = split(/=/, $pair);
# æåã®ãã³ãŒã
$value =~ s/%([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/chr(hex($1))/eg;
$value =~ s/\0/0/g;
$value =~ s/</</g;
$value =~ s/>/>/g;
$value =~ s/\r\n/<br>/g; #远å
$value =~ s/\r|\n/<br>/g;
$value =~ tr/+/ /;
$In{$key} = $value;
}
}
### ããã¿ #########
sub footer{
print "<br><br><table border='1'>";
print "<tr><th>ãã©ãŒã èŠçŽ å</th><th>ããŒã¿</th></tr>";
foreach $key (keys %In) {
print "<tr><th>$key</th><td>$In{$key}</td></tr>\n";
}
print "</table><br>";
#-------ãã¯ãããŒèŠçŽ åã---------
my ($name, $value);
print "<table border='1'>";
print "<tr><th>ã¯ãããŒèŠçŽ å</th><th>ããŒã¿</th></tr>";
while (($name, $value) = each(%COOKIE)) {
print "<tr><td>$name</td><td>$value</td></tr>\n";#\\n
}
print "</table><br>";
print <<"EOF" ;
</BODY>
</html>
EOF
exit;
}
###### ãšã©ãŒ ########
sub err{
if($_[1] ne "in"){
&header;
}
print 'ãšã©ãŒ'."<br>\n";
print "$_[0]<br>\n";
&footer;
exit;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
==ãµãŒããŒæ»æã®é²åŸ¡==
*ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãã€ã³ãã®ç°å¢å€æ°ãçšããŠããã°ã©ã ãå®ããã®ã§ãã
*èšçœ®ã¯åºæ¥ãã ãäžã®æ¹ã«æžããæ¹ãè¯ããšæããŸãã
<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl">
#!D:/Perl/bin/perl
#!/usr/local/bin/perl
#ãã®ããã°ã©ã å
# in_atakka.cgi
#äœæããããã¡ã€ã« atakka.cgi
&in_atakka;
sub in_atakka {
local($c_tim,@tem_atakku,$i,$ma_aru,@tem_atakku_new,$ma_addr,$ma_host,$ma_tim,$ma_kaisu,@new_atakku_new,$count11);
my $get_host = $ENV{'REMOTE_HOST'};
my $get_addr = $ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'};
if ($get_host eq "" || $get_host eq $get_addr) {
$get_host = gethostbyaddr(pack("C4", split(/\./, $get_addr)), 2) || $get_addr;
}
$c_tim = time;
if(!(-e "atakka.cgi")){
open(AT,"> atakka.cgi") || &disp;
close(AT);
}
open(AT,"< atakka.cgi") || &disp;
eval{ flock (AT, 1); };
@tem_atakku = <AT>;
close(AT);
$i=0;
$ma_aru =0;
@tem_atakku_new = (@tem_atakku);
foreach (@tem_atakku){
($ma_addr,$ma_host,$ma_tim,$ma_kaisu) = split(/<>/);
if($ma_addr eq $get_addr && $get_host eq $ma_host && $ma_kaisu > 5){
if($ma_tim + 600 < $c_tim){$ma_kaisu = 0;}else{&disp;}
}
if(!($ma_addr eq $get_addr && $get_host eq $ma_host) && $ma_kaisu > 5){ #5
$i++;
next;
}
if($get_addr eq $ma_addr && $get_host eq $ma_host && $c_tim < $ma_tim + 2){
$ma_kaisu++;
$tem_atakku_new[$i] = "$get_addr<>$get_host<>$c_tim<>$ma_kaisu<>\n";
$ma_aru =1;
last;
}else{
$ma_aru =0;
$ma_kaisu = 0;
unless($#tem_atakku_new < 0 && $ma_kaisu > 5){splice(@tem_atakku_new,$i,1);}
last;
}
$i++;
}
foreach (@tem_atakku_new){
($ma_addr,$ma_host,$ma_tim,$ma_kaisu) = split(/<>/);
if($c_tim > $ma_tim + 600){next;} #çµéæžã¿ã®ã¿ã€ã ã¢ãŠãè
ãæ¶ãã10å
if(@tem_atakku_new > 3 && $c_tim > $ma_tim + 3 && $ma_kaisu <= 2){ #30以äžã®åå è
ã§3ç§ä»¥äžçµéããŠ2å以äžãªãæ¶ãtest 3
next;
}
push @new_atakku_new,"$_";
}
@tem_atakku_new = (@new_atakku_new);
if(!$ma_aru){
if(@tem_atakku_new > 5){&disp("ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãå€ãã®ã§ãåŸ
ã¡ãã ããã");} #50以äžã®åå è
ã®æã¯æ°èŠã«å
¥ãã®ãåŸ
ã£ãŠããããtest 5
push @tem_atakku_new,"$get_addr<>$get_host<>$c_tim<>1<>\n";
}
if(@tem_atakku_new == 0){&disp("exit");}
open(AT,"> atakka.cgi") || &disp("Fail");
eval{ flock (AT, 2); };
$count11 = 0;
foreach (@tem_atakku_new){
if(m/$get_host+/){$count11 = 1;}
}
if(!$count11){close(AT);&disp("exit2");}
print AT @tem_atakku_new;
close(AT);
if(-z "atakka.cgi"){&disp("Fail=0");}
}
sub disp{
print "Content-type:text/html; charset=UTF-8\n\n";
print <<"EOF";
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>ãšã©ãŒ</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h1>éè² è·ã«ãããšã©ãŒãèµ·ãããŸããã</h1>
$_[0]<br>
<h2>10åã»ã©çµã£ããããäžåºŠè©ŠããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã</h2>
<Script Language="JavaScript">
<!--
alert("10åã»ã©çµã£ããããäžåºŠè©ŠããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã");
// End -->
</Script>
<br><br>
</BODY>
</html>
EOF
exit;
}
####æ¬æ
local(@tem_atakku_new,$prit_out,$ma_addr,$ma_host,$ma_tim,$ma_kaisu);
open(AT,"< atakka.cgi") || &disp;
eval{ flock (AT, 1); };
@tem_atakku_new = <AT>;
close(AT);
foreach (@tem_atakku_new){
($ma_addr,$ma_host,$ma_tim,$ma_kaisu) = split(/<>/);
$prit_out .= "($ma_addr,$ma_host,$ma_tim,$ma_kaisu)<br>\n";
}
print "Content-type:text/html; charset=UTF-8\n\n";
print <<"EOF";
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>ã¢ã¿ãã¯ãã§ãã¯</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h1>ãã¡ã€ã«å
容確èª</h1>
$prit_out
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
</BODY>
</html>
EOF
exit;
</syntaxhighlight>
==IPã§ç®¡çè
èå¥==
*èªåã®ä»ã®ïŒ©ïŒ°ãç»é²èå¥ããäºã§äžæ£ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããã«ããããŸãã
*ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªãšïŒã€ã®ããã°ã©ã ã«ããå
±æããŒã¿ã䜿ãã
<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl">
main.cgiãå®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«
ãã©ã«ããŒãhost3ããäœã£ãŠãã ããã
host.cgiãå®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«
in_host.cgi 空ãã¡ã€ã«
host_koushin_ari.txtã空ãã¡ã€ã«
##################### main.cgi #####################
#!D:/Perl/bin/perl
# ãµãŒããŒã«åãããŠäžãã
#!/usr/local/bin/perl
#!C:/Perl/bin/perl
# ãã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã®åå
$this_cgi = "main.cgi";
# ããŒã¿ãŒé
$max_size = 500;
# getçŠæ¢ã1
$getin =1;
# å
¥å£ã§åŒ·åããã
$host_kyuka = 'yes';
# èš±å¯ç®¡çè
å
$ohna_name = 'ãŠã£ãããã¯ã¹';
# ãªãŒããŒãã¹ã®èšå®(倿ŽããŠãã ãã)
$ohna_pas = '0000';
# 管çè
IPã®ç°¡æç»é²ã®åèšè
$aikotoba = 'wikibooks';
# ãã¹ã管ççšå°çšcgi
$host_cgi = "./host3/host.cgi";
# ãã¹ãã®ãã¡ã€ã«
$in_host = "./host3/in_host.cgi";
# ãã¹ã倿Žã»è¿œå ãªã©ã®å ±å
$koshin_fail = './host3/host_koushin_ari.txt';
# èšé²ããŠããIPã®æ° 1åå€ããªããŸãã0ã®æ1å
$ip_kazu = 5;
##########################
&decode;
if($In{'mode'} eq 'nyuryoku'){&nyuryoku;}
if($In{'mode'} eq 'admin'){&admin;}
&syoki;
exit;
######
sub syoki {
&acsesu;
print "Content-type:text/html\n\n";
print <<"EOF" ;
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>ã¡ã€ã³</title>
</head>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff">
<br>
<form action="$this_cgi" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="mode" value="nyuryoku">
<input type="submit" value="管ç宀å
¥ãå£ãž"><br>
</form>
<form action="$host_cgi" method="POST">
<input type="submit" value="ãã¹ã管çæçް"><br>
</form>
<br><br>
$host_mes
<br><br>
EOF
if ($ohna_name eq $In{'kanrisya_name'} && $ohna_pas && $ohna_pas eq $In{'kanrisya_pas'}){ #管çè
ã®ã¿è¡šç€º
if(-e "$koshin_fail"){
open (FIN, "$koshin_fail") or &err("ãšã©ãŒã»ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸãã..koshin_fail");
eval{ flock (FIN, 1); };
$tem_atakku = <FIN>;
close(FIN);
($henkou_time,$mese1,$mese2) = split(/ /, $tem_atakku);
$now_time = time;
if($now_time > $henkou_time + 2*24*60*60){$mese1 = "";$mese2 = "";}else{print "$mese1 $mese2<br>\n";}
}
}else{
print "管çè
äžäžèŽ<br>\n";
}
print "<br><br><table border='1'>";
print "<tr><th>ãã©ãŒã èŠçŽ å</th><th>ããŒã¿</th></tr>";
foreach $key (keys %In) {
print "<tr><th>$key</th><td>$In{$key}</td></tr>\n";
}
print "</table><br>";
print <<"EOF" ;
</BODY>
</html>
EOF
exit;
}
### ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ç®¡ç ##############
sub acsesu {
$host = $ENV{'REMOTE_HOST'};
$addr = $ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'};
(@in_addr) = split(/\s/, $addr);
$addr = $in_addr[0];
$addr_in = $addr;
if ($host eq "" || $host eq $addr) {
$host = gethostbyaddr(pack("C4", split(/\./, $addr)), 2) || $addr;
}
if ($host eq "") {$host = $addr;}
$host_in = $host;
if ($host_kyuka eq 'yes' && (-e "$in_host")){
if(!(-z "$in_host")){
open(IN,"< $in_host") || &err2("Open Error : in_host");
eval{ flock (IN, 1); };
$kanri_ip = <IN>;
close(IN);
chomp $kanri_ip;
(@m_ip) = split(/<>/,$kanri_ip);
$ok = 0;
foreach (@m_ip){
if($_ eq "$host_in $addr_in"){$ok = 1;last;}
}
if($_[0]){return ($ok);}
if(!$ok){
$ohna_pas = "";
$host_mes = "ãã¹ãäžèŽããããŸããã";
}else{
$host_mes = "ãã¹ãäžèŽããããŸãã";
}
}
}
}
#ãã³ãŒãåŠç
sub decode {
my ($query,$pair);
if($ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'} eq 'POST') {
read(STDIN, $query, $ENV{'CONTENT_LENGTH'});
} else {
$query = $ENV{'QUERY_STRING'};
if ($query ne "" && $getin == 1){&err("GET");}
}
my ($saizu)=length $query;
if ($saizu > $max_size){&err("ãšã©ãŒã»ãµã€ãºãªãŒããŒ");}
foreach $pair (split(/&/, $query)) {
my ($key, $value) = split(/=/, $pair);
# æåã®ãã³ãŒã
$value =~ s/%([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/chr(hex($1))/eg;
$value =~ s/\0/0/g;
$value =~ s/</</g;
$value =~ s/>/>/g;
$value =~ s/\r\n/<br>/g; #远å
$value =~ s/\r|\n/<br>/g;
$value =~ tr/+/ /;
$In{$key} = $value;
}
}
sub nyuryoku{
print "Content-type:text/html\n\n";
print <<"EOF" ;
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>管ç宀å
¥ãå£</title>
</head>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#ffff00">
<br>
<form action="$this_cgi" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="mode" value="admin">
<input type="text" name="kanrisya_name" value="" maxlength="30">åå<br>
<input type="text" name="kanrisya_pas" value="" maxlength="30">ãã¹ã¯ãŒã<br>
<input type="text" name="aikotoba" value="" maxlength="30">IPåèšèãã¹ãã倿Žãªãã®å ŽåæžããªããŠãã<br>
<input type="submit" value="éä¿¡">
</form>
</BODY>
</html>
EOF
exit;
}
#####
sub admin{
($okok) = &acsesu(1);
if(!($ohna_name eq $In{'kanrisya_name'} && $ohna_pas eq $In{'kanrisya_pas'})){return;}
if($aikotoba eq $In{'aikotoba'} && !$okok){
$host = $ENV{'REMOTE_HOST'};
($addr) = split(/ /, $ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'});
if ($host eq "" || $host eq $addr) {
$host = gethostbyaddr(pack("C4", split(/\./, $addr)), 2) || $addr;
}
if ($host eq "") { $host = $addr; }
open (IN, "< $in_host") or &err("ãšã©ãŒã»ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸãã in_host");
eval{ flock (IN, 1); };
$f_host = <IN>;
@host_kiroku = <IN>;
close (IN);
chomp $f_host;
(@f_in_host) = split(/<>/, $f_host);
$purasu = 0;
foreach $deta(@f_in_host){
if("$host $addr" eq $deta){$purasu = 1;}
push @new_f_in_host,$deta;
}
if(!$purasu){unshift @new_f_in_host,"$host $addr";}
if($#new_f_in_host > $ip_kazu){$#new_f_in_host = $ip_kazu;}
$new_f_host = join ("<>",@new_f_in_host);
$new_f_host .= "<>\n";
($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year,$wday) = localtime(time) ; #äžæ¬åãå
¥ã
$year += 1900; # $year = $year + 1900 ãšåã
++$mon ;
@youbi=('æ¥','æ','ç«','æ°Ž','æš','é','å');
$mond = sprintf("%02d",$mon);
$mdayd = sprintf("%02d",$mday);
$hourd = sprintf("%02d",$hour);
$mind = sprintf("%02d",$min);
$secd = sprintf("%02d",$sec);
$jikan = "$year幎$mondæ$mdaydæ¥$youbi[$wday]ææ¥$hourdæ$mindå$secdç§";
if($#host_kiroku >= 24){$#host_kiroku = 24;}
unshift @host_kiroku,"$host $addr<>$jikan<>$host<>$ENV{'REMOTE_HOST'}<>$addr<>$ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'}<>\n";
open (OUT, "> $in_host") or &err("ãšã©ãŒã»ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸãã in_host");
eval{ flock (OUT, 2); };
print OUT $new_f_host;
print OUT @host_kiroku ;
close (OUT);
$ima_time = time;
open (FOUT, "> $koshin_fail") or &err("ãšã©ãŒã»ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸãã koshin_fail");
eval{ flock (FOUT, 2); };
print FOUT "$ima_time $host èš±å¯ãã¹ãã®å€æŽããããŸããã";
close (FOUT);
}elsif(!$okok){return;}
print "Content-type:text/html\n\n";
print <<"EOF" ;
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>管ç宀</title>
</head>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#00ffff">
<br>
<form action="$this_cgi" method="POST">
<input type="text" name="kanrisya_name" value="$In{'kanrisya_name'}" maxlength="30"><br>
<input type="text" name="kanrisya_pas" value="$In{'kanrisya_pas'}" maxlength="30"><br>
<input type="submit" value="ãããããŒãžã«å€ãæã£ãŠåž°ã">
</form><br>
管çè
ã®åŠçãè¡ãå Žæã§ãã
EOF
exit;
}
###### ãšã©ãŒ ########
sub err{
if($_[1] ne "in"){
print "Content-type:text/html\n\n";
print <<"EOF" ;
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>ãšã©ãŒ</title>
</head>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff">
EOF
}
print 'ãšã©ãŒ'."<br>\n";
print "$_[0]<br>\n";
print <<"EOF" ;
</BODY>
</html>
EOF
exit;
}
####################### host3/host.cgi #########################
#!D:/Perl/bin/perl
# ãµãŒããŒã«åãããŠäžãã
#!/usr/local/bin/perl
#!C:/Perl64/bin/perl
##### éçºèšé²ãªã© ############
# ver1.01
#
# host.cgi 700(ããŒããã·ã§ã³)
##### èšå® ####################
# ãã®ïœïœïœã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã®åå
$this_cgi = 'host.cgi';
# ãªãŒããŒãã¹ã®èšå®(倿ŽããŠãã ãã)
$ona_pas = 'wiki';
# èš±å¯ç®¡çè
å
$kanre_name = 'ãŠã£ãããã¯ã¹';
$ona_id = 'ããããºã§ãã';
$hozon_fail = 'in_host.cgi';
unless(-e $hozon_fail){
open (FIN, "> $hozon_fail") or &err2("ãšã©ãŒã»ãã¡ã€ã«ãéããŸãã.0");
close (FIN);
}
# æŽæ°æ¡å
ãã¡ã€ã«å
$koshin_fail = 'host_koushin_ari.txt';
# èšé²ããŠããIPã®æ° 1åå€ããªããŸãã0ã®æ1å
$ip_kazu = 5;
# get = 1 GETåãå
¥ãçŠæ¢
$get_no = 1;
#=====================
&loadformdata; #ãã©ãŒã å
¥å
&getoin;
sub getoin{
print "Content-type:text/html;\n\n";
print <<EOF ;
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
<title>èš±å¯ãã¹ã倿Ž</title>
</head>
<body>
EOF
$host = $ENV{'REMOTE_HOST'};
($addr) = split(/ /, $ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'});
if ($host eq "" || $host eq $addr) {
$host = gethostbyaddr(pack("C4", split(/\./, $addr)), 2) || $addr;
}
if ($host eq "") { $host = $addr; }
$disp_ok = 0;
if($FORM{'name'} eq $kanre_name && $FORM{'id'} eq $ona_id && $FORM{'pas'} eq $ona_pas && $FORM{'kanri'} eq $FORM{'kensa'}){
open (IN, "< $hozon_fail") or die;
eval{ flock (IN, 1); };
$f_host = <IN>;
@host_kiroku = <IN>;
close (IN);
chomp $f_host;
(@f_in_host) = split(/<>/, $f_host);
$purasu = 0;
foreach $deta(@f_in_host){
$i = 0;$loop = 0;
foreach (0..$#f_in_host){
$d_no = "d_no$i";
if($FORM{$d_no} eq $deta){$loop = 1;}
$i++;
}
if(!$loop){
if("$FORM{'host_in'}" eq $deta){$purasu = 1;}
push @new_f_in_host,$deta;
}
}
if(!$purasu){unshift @new_f_in_host,"$FORM{'host_in'}";}
if($#new_f_in_host > $ip_kazu){$#new_f_in_host = $ip_kazu;}
$new_f_host = join ("<>",@new_f_in_host);
$new_f_host .= "<>\n";
&get_time;
if($#host_kiroku >= 24){$#host_kiroku = 24;}
unshift @host_kiroku,"$FORM{'host_in'}<>$jikan<>$host<>$ENV{'REMOTE_HOST'}<>$addr<>$ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'}<>\n";
$host_in = $FORM{'host_in'};
open (OUT, "> $hozon_fail") or die;
eval{ flock (OUT, 2); };
print OUT $new_f_host;
print OUT @host_kiroku ;
close (OUT);
$ima_time = time;
open (FOUT, "> $koshin_fail") or die;
eval{ flock (FOUT, 2); };
print FOUT "$ima_time $host èš±å¯ãã¹ãã®å€æŽããããŸããã";
close (FOUT);
$disp_ok = 1;
}
$kensa = sprintf("%04d",int(rand(10000)));
print <<EOF ;
<h2 align="center">èš±å¯ãã¹ã倿Ž</h2><br>
<div align="center">
host = $host<br>
addr = $ENV{'REMOTE_ADDR'}<br><br>
<form action="$this_cgi" method="post">
ååïŒ<input type="text" name="name"><br>
ïŒ<input type="text" name="id"><br>
ãã¹ã¯ãŒãïŒ<input type="password" name="pas"><br>
確èªïŒ<input type=text name="kensa"> <font color=#ff0000>$kensa</font>ãå·Šã«å
¥ããŠãã ãã
<input type=hidden name=kanri value=$kensa><br>
çŸåšã®ãã¹ã $host $addr<br>
èšå®ãã¹ãïŒ<input type=text name="host_in" value="$host $addr" size="50"><br>
<input type=submit value=" é ä¿¡ "><br>
EOF
if($disp_ok == 1){
$i = 0;
foreach (@new_f_in_host){
print "<input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"d_no$i\" value=\"$_\">$_<br>\n";
$i++;
}
}
print <<EOF ;
</form>
EOF
foreach (@host_kiroku){
($host_disp0,$time_disp,$raitu_host,$addr_disp,$host_disp,$addr0_disp) = split(/<>/);
chomp $addr0_disp;
print "$host_disp0 , $time_disp : $raitu_host , $addr_disp , $host_disp , $addr0_disp<br>\n";
}
print "</div></body></html>\n";
exit;
}
### ãã©ãŒã åä¿¡ ##########
sub loadformdata {
$max_size = 200;
my ($query,$pair);
if($ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'} eq 'POST') {
read(STDIN, $query, $ENV{'CONTENT_LENGTH'});
} else {
$query = $ENV{'QUERY_STRING'};
if ($get_no ==1 && $query ne ""){&err2("ãšã©ãŒã»GET çŠæ¢");}
}
my ($saizu)=length $query;
if ($saizu > $max_size){&err2("ãšã©ãŒã»ãµã€ãºãªãŒããŒ");}
foreach $pair (split(/&/, $query)) {
my ($key, $value) = split(/=/, $pair);
# æåã®ãã³ãŒã
$value =~ tr/+/ /;
$value =~ s/%([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/chr(hex($1))/eg;
$value =~ s/\0/0/g;
$value =~ s/&/&/g;
if($value =~ m/</ ){&err2("çŠæ¢ã³ãŒã < ããããŸãã");}
if($value =~ m/>/ ){&err2("çŠæ¢ã³ãŒã > ããããŸãã");}
$value =~ s/"/"/g;
$value =~ s/\x0D\x0A/<br>/g;
$value =~ s/\r|\n/<br>/g; #远å
$value =~ tr/\t//;
$FORM{$key} = $value;
}
(@kennsa) = split(/ /, $FORM{'host_in'});
if($kennsa[2]){&err2("ã³ãŒãã®æžã蟌ã¿éå");}
}
### çŸåšã®æéåºã ###############
sub get_time{
($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year,$wday) = localtime(time) ; #äžæ¬åãå
¥ã
$year += 1900; # $year = $year + 1900 ãšåã
++$mon ;
@youbi=('æ¥','æ','ç«','æ°Ž','æš','é','å');
$mond = sprintf("%02d",$mon);
$mdayd = sprintf("%02d",$mday);
$hourd = sprintf("%02d",$hour);
$mind = sprintf("%02d",$min);
$secd = sprintf("%02d",$sec);
$jikan = "$year幎$mondæ$mdaydæ¥$youbi[$wday]ææ¥$hourdæ$mindå$secdç§";
}
sub err2{
print "Content-type:text/html;\n\n";
print <<EOF ;
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
<title>ãšã©ãŒ</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2 align="center">$_[0]</h2><br>
</body></html>
EOF
exit;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
== é¢é£æžç± ==
* [[Perl]]
* [[PHP]]
* [[HTML]]
* [[CSS]]
* [[JavaScript]]
** [[JavaScript/XMLHttpRequest#Ajax|Ajax]]
[[Category:World Wide Web]]
[[Category:ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª]]
{{NDC|007.64}} | 2005-02-03T12:46:28Z | 2023-09-19T12:47:38Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Code",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:See also",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:NDC",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Pathnav",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Wikipedia",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Otheruses"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/CGI |
1,611 | Perl | Perlã¯ãåºã䜿çšãããŠããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®1ã€ã§ãããã®ååã¯ã"Practical Extraction and Reporting Language"ã®é åèªããæ¥ãŠããŸããPerlã¯ãUNIXã·ã¹ãã ã§æåã«éçºããããããããã¹ãåŠçã«é©ããŠããŸããPerlã¯ãWebéçºãã·ã¹ãã 管çãèªååãããŒã¿åŠçããã€ãªã€ã³ãã©ããã£ã¯ã¹ãªã©ã®ããŸããŸãªçšéã§äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãã ãã®Perlã®æç§æžã§ã¯ãPerlã®åºæ¬çãªæ§æãå¶åŸ¡æ§é ããã¡ã€ã«å
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] | Perlã¯ãåºã䜿çšãããŠããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®1ã€ã§ãããã®ååã¯ã"Practical Extraction and Reporting Language"ã®é åèªããæ¥ãŠããŸããPerlã¯ãUNIXã·ã¹ãã ã§æåã«éçºããããããããã¹ãåŠçã«é©ããŠããŸããPerlã¯ãWebéçºãã·ã¹ãã 管çãèªååãããŒã¿åŠçããã€ãªã€ã³ãã©ããã£ã¯ã¹ãªã©ã®ããŸããŸãªçšéã§äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãã
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Perlã¯ãåºã䜿çšãããŠããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®1ã€ã§ãããã®ååã¯ã"Practical Extraction and Reporting Language"ã®é åèªããæ¥ãŠããŸããPerlã¯ãUNIXã·ã¹ãã ã§æåã«éçºããããããããã¹ãåŠçã«é©ããŠããŸããPerlã¯ãWebéçºãã·ã¹ãã 管çãèªååãããŒã¿åŠçããã€ãªã€ã³ãã©ããã£ã¯ã¹ãªã©ã®ããŸããŸãªçšéã§äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãã
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## [[/ã©ã€ãã©ãªã»ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå#Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå|Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå]]
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# [[/äŸå€åŠç|äŸå€åŠç]]
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# [[/ãŠã§ãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³|ãŠã§ãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³]]
## [[CGI]]
## [[Perl/CGI]]
# [[/ãã«ãã»ããã¥ã¡ã³ã|ãã«ãã»ããã¥ã¡ã³ã]]
# [[/éé²|éé²]]
== å€éšãªã³ã¯ ==
;CPAN :[1] https://www.cpan.org/
;æ¥æ¬èªperldoc :[2] https://perldoc.jp/
[[Category:ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª]]
[[Category:Perl|*]]
{{stub}}
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[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/OsiriX Developer Overview]]
[[Category:OsiriX|ãŠããžãã€ã¯ãã®ãããã]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:08:37Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%99%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81 |
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{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
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"title": "å¿åã«ããã¢ã¯ã»ã¹"
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"paragraph_id": 3,
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"text": "svn co https://svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/osirix osirix (衚瀺ãããæç€ºã«åŸã£ãŠã't' ãŸã㯠'p' å
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[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/OsiriX Anonymous and Developer SVN access]]
[[Category:OsiriX|ããã¯ã€ããããã²ãšããããããã®SVNã«ãããããã]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:08:22Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%99%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC_%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E8%80%85%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E5%8C%BF%E5%90%8D%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B6%E3%81%AESVN%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B9 |
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{
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"title": ""
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"text": "2) ã¢ã¯ãã£ãã¿ãŒã²ããã Unzip Binaries ã«ããŠãã«ãããããªããŸãã",
"title": ""
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"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "3) 次ã«ã¢ã¯ãã£ãã¿ãŒã²ããã Development ã«èšå®ããŠã'Osirix.pbproj' ãã³ã³ãã€ã«ãã«ãããŸãã",
"title": ""
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"paragraph_id": 4,
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"text": "ããã§ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®èµ·åãå¯èœãšãªããŸããããã§ã« OsiriX ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããŠããå Žåã«ã¯ãããããã OsiriX ã®ãŠãŒã¶ããŒã¿ãã©ã«ããããã¯ã¢ããããŠãã ãããæ°ãã«ãã«ããã OsiriX ãèµ·åããå Žåãã³ã³ããªã¯ããèµ·ããå±éºæ§ããããŸãã",
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[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/Building OsiriX]]
[[Category:OsiriX|ã²ããšãã]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:07:22Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%99%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC_OsiriX%E3%82%92%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B |
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{
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*******************************
Welcome to osirix development.
This script will get the stuff you need from cvs to build osirix.
Developers should set SF_USERNAME to use ssh access
Are you a developer using ssh access (y/n)? "n"
cvs -z3 -d:pserver:[email protected]:/cvsroot/osirix login
Password is empty--just hit return when asked for a password
Executing: cvs -z3 -d:pserver:[email protected]:/cvsroot/osirix login
(Logging in to [email protected])
CVS password: "Press return"
Do you want a specific tag? (empty for none or enter tag(eg TRY_RTF_041503) "Press return"
Executing: cvs -z3 -d:pserver:[email protected]:/cvsroot/osirix co osirix
cvs checkout: Updating osirix
U osirix/AdvancedQuerySubview.h
U osirix/AdvancedQuerySubview.m
U osirix/Analyze.h
...
U osirix/pixelmed/DICOMPersonNameAttribute.xcode/lpysher.pbxuser
U osirix/pixelmed/DICOMPersonNameAttribute.xcode/project.pbxproj
****************************
getosirixCVS done.You will have to expand zip files as follows:
find osirix -iname "*.zip" -execdir unzip {} ";"
After that open osirix/OsiriX.pbproj/ and commence the build.
1) compile DCM.framework target FIRST. This will create the OsiriX.framework for OsiriXBurner application
2) compile 'OsirixBurner.xcode' file
3) compile all the PreferencePanes projects located in the 'Preference Panes' folder
4) compile 'Osirix.pbproj' file with OsiriX target
éçºè
ãšããŠç»é²ãããŠãŒã¶åã§ã®ãã°ã€ã³ã§ã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«ãªããŸãã:
*******************************
Welcome to osirix development.
This script will get the stuff you need from cvs to build osirix.
Developers should set SF_USERNAME to use ssh access
Are you a developer using ssh access (y/n)? '''y'''
What is your sourceforge username (setenv SF_USERNAME for a default)? '''jefferis'''
Do you want a specific tag? (empty for none or enter tag(eg TRY_RTF_041503) "Press return for HEAD"
Executing: cvs -z3 -d:ext:[email protected]:/cvsroot/osirix co osirix
The authenticity of host 'cvs.sourceforge.net (66.35.250.207)' can't be established.
DSA key fingerprint is 02:ab:7c:aa:49:ed:0b:a8:50:13:10:c2:3e:92:0f:42.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'cvs.sourceforge.net,66.35.250.207' (DSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
cvs checkout: Updating osirix
U osirix/AdvancedQuerySubview.h
U osirix/AdvancedQuerySubview.m
...
ã¯ãããã®éãïŒã
以äžãperlã¹ã¯ãªããã§ããããã'''getosirixCVS.pl'''ãšãããã¡ã€ã«åã§ä¿åããŸããã¿ãŒããã«ã§å©çšããŠãã ããã:
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
#
# This script was written for fetching the BibDesk CVS tree
# I basically just did a search and replace for osirix
# Greg Jefferis 21 May 2004
print "\n*******************************\n";
print "Welcome to osirix development.\n";
print "This script will get the stuff you need from cvs to build osirix.\n";
print "Developers should set SF_USERNAME to use ssh access\n";
$SFNAME=getSFName();
if ($SFNAME ne "") {
prepdev();
} else {
prepanon();
}
$bibtag=gettag();
getsources();
print "\n****************************\n";
print "getosirixCVS done.";
print "You will have to expand zip files as follows:\n";
print "find osirix -iname \"*.zip\" -execdir unzip {} \";\"\n";
print "After that open osirix/OsiriX.pbproj/ and commence the build.\n";
print << "EOF";
1) compile DCM.framework target FIRST. This will create the OsiriX.framework for OsiriXBurner application
2) compile 'OsirixBurner.xcode' file
3) compile all the PreferencePanes projects located in the 'Preference Panes' folder
4) compile 'Osirix.pbproj' file with OsiriX target
EOF
sub getSFName {
if (defined $ENV{'SF_USERNAME'} ) {
return $ENV{'SF_USERNAME'};
} else {
print "Are you a developer using ssh access (y/n)? ";
$DEV = <STDIN>;
if ( $DEV =~ /^n/ ) {
return "";
} else {
print "What is your sourceforge username (setenv SF_USERNAME for a default)? ";
$SFNAME = <STDIN>;
chomp($SFNAME);
return $SFNAME;
}
}
}
# Set the BIB tag
sub gettag {
if (defined $ENV{'SF_BIB_TAG'} ) {
$bibtag = $ENV{'SF_BIB_TAG'};
} else {
print "Do you want a specific tag? (empty for none or enter tag(eg TRY_RTF_041503) ";
$bibtag = <STDIN>;
}
chomp($bibtag);
if ($bibtag eq "") {
return $bibtag;
} else {
return "-r $bibtag";
}
}
sub prepanon {
$CVS_METHOD = "pserver";
$SFNAME = "anonymous";
$LOGIN = "cvs -z3 -d:$CVS_METHOD:$SFNAME\@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/osirix login";
print "$LOGIN\n";
print "\nPassword is empty--just hit return when asked for a password\n";
tryGet($LOGIN);
}
sub prepdev {
$ENV{'CVS_RSH'} = 'ssh';
$CVS_METHOD = "ext";
}
sub getsources {
$GETMAIN = "cvs -z3 -d:$CVS_METHOD:$SFNAME\@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/osirix co $bibtag osirix";
tryGet($GETMAIN);
# not relevant for osirix
#$GETVENDOR = "cvs -z3 -d:$CVS_METHOD:$SFNAME\@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/osirix co osirix_vendorsrc";
#tryGet($GETVENDOR);
}
sub tryGet {
$toGet = shift;
print "Executing: $toGet\n";
if ( (system $toGet) != 0) { #return of 0 indicates success
print "cvs failed. Check messages above. Should I try again? (y/n)?";
undef $tryAgain;
$tryAgain = <STDIN>;
if ($tryAgain =~ /^y/) {
getsources();
} else {
print "cvs failed. Please read messages above and";
print " try again in a few moments\n";
exit;
}
}
}
[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/Using getosirixCVS.pl]]
[[Category:OsiriX|getosirixCVS.piãããããã]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:08:02Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%99%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC_getosirixCVS.pl%E3%82%92%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B |
1,621 | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXã¡ãã¥ãŒ OsiriX | | ^ >
ãããéžæãããšãçŸåšäœ¿çšããŠããOsiriX ã®ããŒãžã§ã³æ
å ±ã衚瀺ãããŸãããã®ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³å
ã«ã¯ãOsiriX Website ãžã®ãªã³ã¯ãã¿ã³ããããŸãã
OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž ç®æ¬¡ > OsiriXã¡ãã¥ãŒ_OsiriX
ãã®ã¡ãã¥ãŒã«ã¯8 ã€ã®ãµãã¡ãã¥ãŒããããŸãã:
çŸåšäœ¿çšããŠããOsiriX ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãææ°çãã©ããã調ã¹ãŸããææ°çã§ããã°ã以äžã®ããã«è¡šç€ºãããŸãã:
ææ°çã§ãªãå Žåã«ã¯ãæ°ããããŒãžã§ã³ãç¥ãããã¡ãã»ãŒãžã衚瀺ãããŸãã
ãããéžæãããšãOsiriX ãé ãããŸããèµ·åã¯ããŠããŸãããã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³è¡šç€ºãããªããªããŸãã
ä»ã®éããŠããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãé ããŸãããããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯èµ·åããŠããŸãããã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³è¡šç€ºãããªããªããŸãã
OsiriX ãçµäºããŸãã
OsiriX | ^ > | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "| ^ >",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããéžæãããšãçŸåšäœ¿çšããŠããOsiriX ã®ããŒãžã§ã³æ
å ±ã衚瀺ãããŸãããã®ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³å
ã«ã¯ãOsiriX Website ãžã®ãªã³ã¯ãã¿ã³ããããŸãã",
"title": "About OsiriX (OsiriX ã«ã€ããŠ)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž ç®æ¬¡ > OsiriXã¡ãã¥ãŒ_OsiriX",
"title": "About OsiriX (OsiriX ã«ã€ããŠ)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ã¡ãã¥ãŒã«ã¯8 ã€ã®ãµãã¡ãã¥ãŒããããŸãã:",
"title": "Preferences (ç°å¢èšå®)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŸåšäœ¿çšããŠããOsiriX ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãææ°çãã©ããã調ã¹ãŸããææ°çã§ããã°ã以äžã®ããã«è¡šç€ºãããŸãã:",
"title": "Check for Updates (ã¢ããããŒãã確èªãã)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ææ°çã§ãªãå Žåã«ã¯ãæ°ããããŒãžã§ã³ãç¥ãããã¡ãã»ãŒãžã衚瀺ãããŸãã",
"title": "Check for Updates (ã¢ããããŒãã確èªãã)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããéžæãããšãOsiriX ãé ãããŸããèµ·åã¯ããŠããŸãããã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³è¡šç€ºãããªããªããŸãã",
"title": "Hide OsiriX (command-H) (OsiriX ãé ã)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»ã®éããŠããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãé ããŸãããããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯èµ·åããŠããŸãããã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³è¡šç€ºãããªããªããŸãã",
"title": "Hide Others (ä»ãé ã)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX ãçµäºããŸãã",
"title": "Quit OsiriX (command-Q) (OsiriX ãçµäº)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX | ^ >",
"title": "Quit OsiriX (command-Q) (OsiriX ãçµäº)"
}
] | | ^ > | | [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXã¡ãã¥ãŒ_ãã¡ã€ã«_(File)|>]]
----
== About OsiriX (OsiriX ã«ã€ããŠ) ==
ãããéžæãããšãçŸåšäœ¿çšããŠããOsiriX ã®ããŒãžã§ã³æ
å ±ã衚瀺ãããŸãããã®ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³å
ã«ã¯ãOsiriX Website ãžã®ãªã³ã¯ãã¿ã³ããããŸãã
<center>[[ç»å:AboutOsirixSS.jpg]]<br>''OsiriX ããŒãžã§ã³1.5B2 ã®ã¹ãã©ãã·ã¥ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³''</center>
[[OsiriX_ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž ç®æ¬¡]] > [[OsiriXã¡ãã¥ãŒ_OsiriX]]
----
== Preferences (ç°å¢èšå®) ==
ãã®ã¡ãã¥ãŒã«ã¯8 ã€ã®ãµãã¡ãã¥ãŒããããŸãã:
=== [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/Osirix General Preferences (äžè¬)|Osirix General Preferences (äžè¬)]] ===
=== [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/Osirix Viewers Preferences (ãã¥ãŒã¢)|Osirix Viewers Preferences (ãã¥ãŒã¢)]] ===
=== [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/Osirix CD and DVD Preferences (CD and DVD)|Osirix CD/DVD Preferences (CD/DVD)]] ===
=== [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/Osirix Database Preferences (ããŒã¿ããŒã¹)|Osirix Database Preferences (ããŒã¿ããŒã¹)]] ===
=== [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/Osirix Listener Preferences (ãªã¹ããŒ)|Osirix Listener Preferences (ãªã¹ããŒ)]] ===
=== [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/Osirix Locations Preferences (å Žæ)|Osirix Locations Preferences (å Žæ)]] ===
=== [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/Osirix Routing Preferences (ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°)|Osirix Routing Preferences (ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°)]] ===
=== [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/Osirix Protocols Preferences (ãããã³ãŒã«)|Osirix Protocols Preferences (ãããã³ãŒã«)]] ===
== Check for Updates (ã¢ããããŒãã確èªãã) ==
çŸåšäœ¿çšããŠããOsiriX ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãææ°çãã©ããã調ã¹ãŸããææ°çã§ããã°ã以äžã®ããã«è¡šç€ºãããŸãã:
<center>[[ç»å:OsirixUptoDate.jpg]]</center>
ææ°çã§ãªãå Žåã«ã¯ãæ°ããããŒãžã§ã³ãç¥ãããã¡ãã»ãŒãžã衚瀺ãããŸãã
== Hide OsiriX (command-H) (OsiriX ãé ã) ==
ãããéžæãããšãOsiriX ãé ãããŸããèµ·åã¯ããŠããŸãããã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³è¡šç€ºãããªããªããŸãã
== Hide Others (ä»ãé ã) ==
ä»ã®éããŠããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãé ããŸãããããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯èµ·åããŠããŸãããã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³è¡šç€ºãããªããªããŸãã
== Quit OsiriX (command-Q) (OsiriX ãçµäº) ==
OsiriX ãçµäºããŸãã
----
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
| [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXã¡ãã¥ãŒ_ãã¡ã€ã«_(File)|>]]
[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/OsiriX Menu]]
[[Category:OsiriX|ãã«ã]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:08:46Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC_OsiriX |
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"text": "Perl(ããŒã«)ãšã¯ã1987幎ã«ã©ãªãŒã»ãŠã©ãŒã«ãéçºããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããPerlã¯Cèšèªãã¯ãããAWKãsedã®ãããªæ§ã
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"title": "TMTOWTDI"
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"text": "Perlã®ã¢ãããŒã¯There's More Than One Way To Do It.(ããæ¹ã¯äœéãããã)ã§ãç¥ããŠTMTOWTDI(ãã£ã ãã¥ãã£)ãªã©ãšåŒã°ããŸããããã¯ãæ£ããããæ¹ãããã€ååšããŠãããããšããèãæ¹ã§ãPerlã®æè»æ§ã衚ããŠããŸãããã®ããšãããPerlã¯ç¹ã«ããã¹ãåŠçãCGIããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®åéã§å€ãçšããããŠããŸãã",
"title": "TMTOWTDI"
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"text": "Perlã¯Cèšèªãšæ¯ã¹ãŠç°¡æœã§ãããç§»æ€æ§ãé«ãèšèªã§ããCèšèªã§ã¯æ°çŸè¡ã®ããã°ã©ã ãå¿
èŠãªå Žåã§ããPerlã§ã¯æ°è¡ã§æžãããšãã§ããããšããããŸãã",
"title": "TMTOWTDI"
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"text": "äžæ¹ã§ãPerlã®ææ³ã¯çç¥ãå€çšããããç¹æ®å€æ°ãèšå·ã§è¡šãããšããããŸãã®ã§ãPerlã®ããæ¹ã«æ
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"title": "TMTOWTDI"
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"text": "ããã¹ããšãã£ã¿ãçšããŠäŸã«æããããéãã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãäœæã§ããããšãåæãšããŠããŸããããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãã®ãã®ã®æŠå¿µã«ã€ããŠã¯ããã°ã©ãã³ã°(Wikibooks)ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°(Wikipedia)ãåç
§ããŠãã ããã以éãæãã®ãªãå Žåã¯Unix(ããã³Linuxãªã©ã®UnixäºæOS)äžã§ Perl 5.30.0(2019幎05æ22æ¥ ãªãªãŒã¹)以éã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãå©çšããŠãããã®ãšããŠèª¬æããŸã(ãã€ãŠ Perl6 ãšåŒã°ããŠãã Raku ã¯å«ã¿ãŸãã)ã",
"title": "åææ¡ä»¶"
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¬åŒãµã€ãã§ã¯Windowsã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããã±ãŒãžã¯æäŸããŠããŸããã ãã®ããããµãŒãããŒãã£ãŒãæäŸããPerlã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå©çšããããCygwinãWindows Subsystem for Linuxãå©çšããæ¹æ³ããããŸãã",
"title": "å®è¡ç°å¢"
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"text": "ActivePerlã¯ãActiveState瀟(æ§ãœãã©ã¹ç€Ÿ)ãæäŸããWindowsãLinuxãmacOSåãã®Perlã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ãã",
"title": "å®è¡ç°å¢"
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{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Strawberry Perlã¯ãMicrosoft Windowsãã©ãããã©ãŒã çšã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªPerlã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ãã Strawberry Perlã«ã¯ãå®å
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"title": "å®è¡ç°å¢"
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{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "maxOS, FreeBSD, ãã®ä» UNIX ç°å¢ã§ã¯ã»ãšãã©ã®å ŽåãPerlã¯OSã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã©ã³ããšã¯å¥ã«ããã±ãŒãžãšããŠæäŸãããŠããŸãããã¿ãŒããã«ããèµ·åããã³ãã³ãããã³ãã($, %, >ãªã©ã®èšå·)ã«ç¶ããŠperl -vãšå
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"title": "å®è¡ç°å¢"
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"text": "äž»èŠãªUNIXãªãã¯ãPerlããµããŒãããŠãããšæããŸãããããOSã®å
¬åŒããã±ãŒãžã«perlãç¡ãå Žåã§ãã Perl Download - www.perl.orgãããã€ããªããã±ãŒãžãããŠã³ããŒãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "å®è¡ç°å¢"
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{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ããªããã±ãŒãžãååšããªããã©ãããã©ãŒã ã®å Žåã¯Perl Download - www.perl.orgãããœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããããŠã³ããŒããããã«ãããŠå®è¡ããŠãã ããã",
"title": "å®è¡ç°å¢"
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{
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"text": "GNU/Linux ã®å ŽåãLinux Standard Base(LSB; ISO/IEC 23360:2021)ã§ã¯ãæºæ ãããã¹ãŠã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«Perlãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããŠåºè·ããããšã矩åä»ããããŠããŸãã ããããäœããã®çç±ã§ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããªããã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãapt ãªã©ã®ããã±ãŒãžãããŒãžã£ãŒãå©çšããŠã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããå¿
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"title": "å®è¡ç°å¢"
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{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã¯ã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ãŒèšèªã§ããã€ãŸããããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ãããã³ã«ãã³ã³ãã€ã«ãšå®è¡ãè¡ãPerlã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ãŒãåžžã«å¿
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"title": "äœæãå®è¡ã®æµã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒãã®ç·šéã«ã¯å¥œããªããã¹ããšãã£ã¿ã䜿ãããšãã§ããŸãã OSæšæºã®ã¡ã¢åž³(Windows)ãTextEdit(macOS)ãvi(UnixãUnixäºæOS)ãªã©ã§ãååã§ãã Wordãªã©ã®ã¯ãŒãããã»ããµãŒã§ãç·šéã¯å¯èœã§ãããæšæºã§ã¯ãã¬ãŒã³ããã¹ããšããŠä¿åãããªãã®ã§æ³šæããŠãã ããã",
"title": "äœæãå®è¡ã®æµã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã§æžãããã³ãŒããå®è¡ãããå Žåã«ã¯ãããã¹ããšãã£ã¿ã§å®è¡ãããã³ãŒããæžããŠã»ãŒãä¿åããŠãããã³ãã³ã端æ«ããä¿åãããã¡ã€ã«ã perl ã§å®è¡ããããšã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "äœæãå®è¡ã®æµã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã«ããPythonã®å¯Ÿè©±ã¢ãŒãã®ãã㪠REPL( Read-Eval-Print Loop ) ããããŸãã",
"title": "äœæãå®è¡ã®æµã"
},
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¹ããšãã£ã¿ã§hello.plãšãããœãŒã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ãäžèšã®ããã«äœæãã",
"title": "äœæãå®è¡ã®æµã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã¯ãå€ãã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãšåæ§ã«ãPerlã¯æ§é åããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãšããããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãã©ãã€ã ãæ¡çšããŠããŸãã ããã°ã©ã ã®æµãã¯é次ã»åå²ã»å埩ã®3ã€ãåºæ¬ã§ãã ã€ãŸããååãšããŠããã°ã©ã ã¯ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒãã«èšè¿°ãããé ã«å®è¡ãããif ã for ãªã©ã®å¶åŸ¡æ§é ããã£ããšãã ãåå²ã»å埩ããŸãã",
"title": "äœæãå®è¡ã®æµã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã§ã¯ã倿°ã¯ãããŒã¿ãæ ŒçŽããé å(ãªããžã§ã¯ã)ã«ä»ããããååãã§ã(åçåä»ã)ã Perlã§ã¯å€æ°å(äŸã§ã¯x)ã®åã«$, %, @ãªã©ã®æ¥é èŸ(sigil; ã·ãžã«)ãã€ã衚çŸã倿°ãšããŠæ±ããŸãã",
"title": "Perlã®åºæ¬æ©èœã®ç޹ä»"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å¯ŸçãšããŠãããŒã¯ãŒã my ã䜿ã£ãŠã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãã®å€æ°(ã¬ãã·ã«ã«å€æ°)ãšããŠå®£èšããŸãã",
"title": "Perlã®åºæ¬æ©èœã®ç޹ä»"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã§ã¯äŸã«ãããããªæ§é ã®ãªãããã äžã€ã®å€ã®ã¿ãä¿æããããŒã¿(ã¹ã«ã©ãŒãšåŒã³ãŸã)ã®ã»ããé çªã«äžŠãã è€æ°ã®ããŒã¿ãããªãé
åãããŒãšå€ã®ãã¢ãŒè€æ°èšé²ããããã·ã¥ãããè€éãªããŒã¿æ§é ãå®çŸãããªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãªã©ã®ããŒã¿ãæ±ãããšãã§ããŸãã 倿°ã«ã€ããŠã®è©³çްã¯å€æ°ãšããŒã¿ãŒåã§è§£èª¬ããŸãã ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã«ã€ããŠã®è©³çްã¯ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã§è§£èª¬ããŸãã",
"title": "Perlã®åºæ¬æ©èœã®ç޹ä»"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã«ã¯ãè±å¯ãªæ°å€èšç®ã®ããã®æŒç®åãçšæãããŠãããããããçµã¿åãããŠåŒãäœãããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã",
"title": "Perlã®åºæ¬æ©èœã®ç޹ä»"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååãšããŠPerlã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯äžã«æžãããŠãããã®ããé ã«å®è¡ãããŠãããŸãããç¹°ãè¿ãããç¹å®ã®æ¡ä»¶ã«å¿ããŠåäœãåãæ¿ããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "Perlã®åºæ¬æ©èœã®ç޹ä»"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããæ¡ä»¶ãã¿ãããŠããã(ããã§ã¯$x ã 3 ãã倧ãããã©ãã)ãå€å®ããå€å®ã®å
容ã«ããåäœãåãæ¿ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "Perlã®åºæ¬æ©èœã®ç޹ä»"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å埩ã¯ããããããã¯ãç¹°ãè¿ãå¶åŸ¡æ§é ã§ã«ãŒããšãåŒã°ããŸãã",
"title": "Perlã®åºæ¬æ©èœã®ç޹ä»"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®äœæäžã«ãããã°ã©ã å
ã«ã¡ã¢ãæ®ããŠããããããäžæçã«ããåäœãå®è¡ãããªãããã«ãããããšãã£ãèŠæ±ãçããããšããããŸãããã®ãããªãããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ã³ãŒãã«èšèŒããããåäœããªãç®æãã®ããšãäžè¬ã«ã³ã¡ã³ããšåŒã³ãŸãã",
"title": "Perlã®åºæ¬æ©èœã®ç޹ä»"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã®Podã¯ãPlain Old Documentationã®ç¥ã§ãPerlã¹ã¯ãªããã®ããã¥ã¡ã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ãæžãããã®ãã©ãŒãããã§ãã Podã¯ãããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ã«èšè¿°ãããã¹ã¯ãªãããšäžç·ã«é
åžãããããšãäžè¬çã§ãã Podã¯ã人éãèªã¿ãããããã¥ã¡ã³ããäœæããããã«èšèšãããŠããŸãããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ããã°ã©ã ã«ãè§£æå¯èœãªåçŽãªæ§æããããŸãã",
"title": "Perlã®åºæ¬æ©èœã®ç޹ä»"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã¯Perlã§1ãã100ã®éã®çŽ æ°ããã¹ãŠè¡šç€ºããããã°ã©ã ã«Podã«ããããã¥ã¡ã³ããä»å ããäŸã§ãã",
"title": "Perlã®åºæ¬æ©èœã®ç޹ä»"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèšã®äŸã§ã¯ã=head1ã¯ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®èŠåºãã衚ããŸãã NAMEãšSYNOPSISã¯ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®ååãšäœ¿çšäŸã説æããŸãã DESCRIPTIONã¯ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®æ©èœã®è©³çްãªèª¬æã§ãããAUTHORã¯ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®äœè
ã®æ
å ±ãæäŸããŸãã",
"title": "Perlã®åºæ¬æ©èœã®ç޹ä»"
}
] | null | {{Nav}}
<noinclude>:<small>[[ããã°ã©ãã³ã°]] > [[Perl]] > '''ã¯ããã«'''</small></noinclude>
<includeonly>
= ã¯ããã« =
{{å
é ã«æ»ã}}
</includeonly>
== TMTOWTDI ==
'''Perl'''ïŒããŒã«ïŒãšã¯ã[[w:1987幎|1987幎]]ã«[[w:ã©ãªãŒã»ãŠã©ãŒã«|ã©ãªãŒã»ãŠã©ãŒã«]]ãéçºãã[[ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª]]ã§ããPerlã¯[[Cèšèª]]ãã¯ããã[[AWK]]ã[[w:sed|sed]]ã®ãããªæ§ã
ãª[[UNIX/Linuxå
¥é|UNIX]]ã®[[w:ãœãããŠã§ã¢|ãœãããŠã§ã¢]]ã®äŒçµ±ãåãç¶ããå€ãã®åªããæ©èœãåãå
¥ããŠããŸãã
Perlã®ã¢ãããŒã¯'''There's More Than One Way To Do It.'''ïŒããæ¹ã¯äœéããããïŒã§ãç¥ããŠ'''TMTOWTDI'''ïŒãã£ã ãã¥ãã£ïŒãªã©ãšåŒã°ããŸããããã¯ãæ£ããããæ¹ãããã€ååšããŠãããããšããèãæ¹ã§ãPerlã®æè»æ§ã衚ããŠããŸãããã®ããšãããPerlã¯ç¹ã«ããã¹ãåŠçã[[CGI]]ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®åéã§å€ãçšããããŠããŸãã
Perlã¯Cèšèªãšæ¯ã¹ãŠç°¡æœã§ãããç§»æ€æ§ãé«ãèšèªã§ããCèšèªã§ã¯æ°çŸè¡ã®ããã°ã©ã ãå¿
èŠãªå Žåã§ããPerlã§ã¯æ°è¡ã§æžãããšãã§ããããšããããŸãã
äžæ¹ã§ãPerlã®ææ³ã¯çç¥ãå€çšããããç¹æ®å€æ°ãèšå·ã§è¡šãããšããããŸãã®ã§ãPerlã®ããæ¹ã«æ
£ãããŸã§ã«ã¯å°ãæéãããããããããŸãããããããäžè¡ã§ãå€ãã®ã³ãŒããæžããŠPerlã身ã«ã€ããããšããå§ãããŸãã
== åææ¡ä»¶ ==
ããã¹ããšãã£ã¿ãçšããŠäŸã«æããããéãã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãäœæã§ããããšãåæãšããŠããŸããããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãã®ãã®ã®æŠå¿µã«ã€ããŠã¯[[ããã°ã©ãã³ã°|ããã°ã©ãã³ã°(Wikibooks)]]ã[[w:ããã°ã©ãã³ã° (ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿)|ããã°ã©ãã³ã°(Wikipedia)]]ãåç
§ããŠãã ããã以éãæãã®ãªãå Žåã¯UnixïŒããã³[[W:Linux|Linux]]ãªã©ã®UnixäºæOSïŒäžã§
Perl 5.30.0ïŒ2019幎05æ22æ¥ ãªãªãŒã¹ïŒä»¥éã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãå©çšããŠãããã®ãšããŠèª¬æããŸãïŒãã€ãŠ Perl6 ãšåŒã°ããŠãã Raku ã¯å«ã¿ãŸããïŒã
== å®è¡ç°å¢ ==
=== Microsoft Windows ===
Perlå
¬åŒãµã€ãã§ã¯Windowsã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããã±ãŒãžã¯æäŸããŠããŸããã
ãã®ããããµãŒãããŒãã£ãŒãæäŸããPerlã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå©çšãããã[[W:Cygwin|Cygwin]]ã[[W:Windows Subsystem for Linux|Windows Subsystem for Linux]]ãå©çšããæ¹æ³ããããŸãã
==== ActivePerl ====
{{Wikipedia|ActivePerl}}
[[W:ActivePerl|ActivePerl]]ã¯ãActiveStateç€ŸïŒæ§ãœãã©ã¹ç€ŸïŒãæäŸããWindowsãLinuxãmacOSåãã®Perlã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ãã
: 2024幎1æçŸåšãActivePerlã®Perlã³ã¢ã¯v5.38.2ïŒ2023/11/29ãªãªãŒã¹ïŒã§ãã
: [https://www.activestate.com/products/perl/ Download & Install Perl - ActiveState]
==== Strawberry Perl ====
{{Wikipedia|en:Strawberry Perl}}
[[W:Strawberry Perl|Strawberry Perl]]ã¯ãMicrosoft Windowsãã©ãããã©ãŒã çšã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªPerlã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ãã
Strawberry Perlã«ã¯ãå®å
šã«æ©èœããMingw-w64 C/C++ã³ã³ãã€ã©ãªã©ã®ããŒã«ãã§ã€ã³ãå«ãŸããŠããŸãã
Strawberry Perlã¯ãç°å¢å€æ°ã¯ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«æã«èšå®æžã¿ãªã®ã§ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«çŽåŸã«ãã³ãã³ã ããã³ããã»Power shellãããã¯ãWindows Terminalãã䜿ãããšãã§ããŸãã
: 2024幎1æçŸåšãStrawberry Perlã®Perlã³ã¢ã¯v5.38.0ïŒ2023/07/02ãªãªãŒã¹ïŒã§ãã
: [https://strawberryperl.com/ Strawberry Perl for Windows]
=== macOS, FreeBSD, ãã®ä» UNIX ç°å¢ ===
[[w:MacOS|maxOS]], [[w:FreeBSD|FreeBSD]], ãã®ä» [[w:UNIX|UNIX]] ç°å¢ã§ã¯ã»ãšãã©ã®å ŽåãPerlã¯OSã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã©ã³ããšã¯å¥ã«ããã±ãŒãžãšããŠæäŸãããŠããŸããã'''ã¿ãŒããã«'''ããèµ·åããã³ãã³ãããã³ãã(<tt>$</tt>, <tt>%</tt>, <tt><nowiki>></nowiki></tt>ãªã©ã®èšå·)ã«ç¶ããŠ<tt>perl -v</tt>ãšå
¥åããâïŒ[Enter]ãŸãã¯[Return]ïŒããŒãæŒãã以äžã®ããã«è¡šç€ºãããã°perlãå©çšå¯èœã§ãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=tcsh>
% perl -v
This is perl 5, version 38, subversion 2 (v5.38.2) built for amd64-freebsd-thread-multi
Copyright 1987-2023, Larry Wall
Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the
GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit.
Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on
this system using "man perl" or "perldoc perl". If you have access to the
Internet, point your browser at https://www.perl.org/, the Perl Home Page.
% _
</syntaxhighlight>
==== Perlãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããªãUNIXç°å¢ ====
äž»èŠãªUNIXãªãã¯ãPerlããµããŒãããŠãããšæããŸãããããOSã®å
¬åŒããã±ãŒãžã«perlãç¡ãå Žåã§ãã
[https://www.perl.org/get.html Perl Download - www.perl.org]ãããã€ããªããã±ãŒãžãããŠã³ããŒãã§ããŸãã
ãã€ããªããã±ãŒãžãååšããªããã©ãããã©ãŒã ã®å Žåã¯[https://www.perl.org/get.html Perl Download - www.perl.org]ãããœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããããŠã³ããŒããããã«ãããŠå®è¡ããŠãã ããã
=== GNU/Linux ===
GNU/Linux ã®å Žåã[[W:Linux Standard Base|Linux Standard Base]](LSB; ISO/IEC 23360:2021)ã§ã¯ãæºæ ãããã¹ãŠã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«Perlãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããŠåºè·ããããšã矩åä»ããããŠããŸã<ref><code>/usr/bin/perl</code> ã«Perlã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒãå®è¡åœ¢åŒãŸãã¯å®è¡åœ¢åŒãžã®ãªã³ã¯ãæã â [https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_5.0.0/LSB-Languages/LSB-Languages/perllocation.html Linux Standard Base Languages Specification 5.0::7.2. Perl Interpreter Location]ãv5.8.8 以éã§ããããšã矩åä»ããããŠããŸã â[https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_5.0.0/LSB-Languages/LSB-Languages/perlversion.html Linux Standard Base Languages Specification 5.0::7.3. Perl Interpreter Version]ã</ref>ã
ããããäœããã®çç±ã§ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããªããã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãapt ãªã©ã®ããã±ãŒãžãããŒãžã£ãŒãå©çšããŠã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã
詳现ã¯ãå©çšããŠãããã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ããã±ãŒãžãããŒãžã£ãŒã®å©çšæ³ã確èªããŠãã ããã
ãŸããæ¢ã« Perl ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããç°å¢ã§ããææ°ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãç¶æããããã«ããã±ãŒãžãããŒãžã£ãŒãå©çšã㊠update ããããå¿ãããè匱æ§ããããŸãŸäœ¿ããªãããã«ããŸãããã
== äœæãå®è¡ã®æµã ==
=== ããã°ã©ã ã®äœæ ===
Perlã¯ã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ãŒèšèªã§ããã€ãŸããããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ãããã³ã«ãã³ã³ãã€ã«<ref>Perlã§ã³ã³ãã€ã«ãšãã£ãå ŽåãPerlã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒããœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããèªèŸŒã¿å
éšè¡šçŸã«çœ®æããããšã§ããããã¯ç§»æ€æ§ã»çžäºéçšæ§ã®èŠç¹ããã¯å¥œãŸããç¹åŸŽã§ãC/C++ãJavaã®ããã«å®è¡åœ¢åŒãäžé衚çŸããã¡ã€ã«ã«æžåºãããšã§ã¯ãããŸããã</ref>ãšå®è¡ãè¡ãPerlã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ãŒãåžžã«å¿
èŠãªã®ã§ãã
C/C++ãJavaã®ããã«ããã°ã©ã ãã³ã³ãã€ã«ããŠããå®è¡ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããããã°ã©ã ã®ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããïŒPerlã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ãŒãããïŒå¥ã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã«ã³ããŒããŠå®è¡ããã ãã§è¯ãã®ã§ãã
ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒãã®ç·šéã«ã¯å¥œããªããã¹ããšãã£ã¿ã䜿ãããšãã§ããŸãã
OSæšæºã®[[w:ã¡ã¢åž³|ã¡ã¢åž³]]([[w:Microsoft_Windows|Windows]])ã[[w:TextEdit|TextEdit]]([[w:macOS|macOS]])ã[[w:vi|vi]]([[w:UNIX|Unix]]ãUnixäºæOS)ãªã©ã§ãååã§ãã
[[w:Microsoft_Word|Word]]ãªã©ã®ã¯ãŒãããã»ããµãŒã§ãç·šéã¯å¯èœã§ãããæšæºã§ã¯[[W:ãã¬ãŒã³ããã¹ã|ãã¬ãŒã³ããã¹ã]]ãšããŠä¿åãããªãã®ã§æ³šæããŠãã ããã
Perlã§æžãããã³ãŒããå®è¡ãããå Žåã«ã¯ãããã¹ããšãã£ã¿ã§å®è¡ãããã³ãŒããæžããŠã»ãŒãä¿åããŠãããã³ãã³ã端æ«ããä¿åãããã¡ã€ã«ã perl ã§å®è¡ããããšã«ãªããŸãã
=== ãããã¬ãŒ ===
Perlã«ãã[[Python]]ã®å¯Ÿè©±ã¢ãŒãã®ãã㪠REPL( ''Read-Eval-Print Loop'' ) ããããŸãã
;ãããã¬ãŒã®èµ·åäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=console>
% perl -de 1
Loading DB routines from perl5db.pl version 1.77
Editor support available.
Enter h or 'h h' for help, or 'man perldebug' for more help.
main::(-e:1): 1
DB<1> say 2**9
512
DB<2> say "Hello world!"
Hello world!
DB<3> q
% _
</syntaxhighlight>
:çãã³ãŒãã®ç¢ºèªã«ã¯ããã®ãããã°ã¢ãŒãã䟿å©ã§ãã
=== ããã°ã©ã ã®å®è¡ ===
ããã¹ããšãã£ã¿ã§<code>hello.pl</code>ãšãããœãŒã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ãäžèšã®ããã«äœæãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/rUWKfipgtECXJeJe1lIlSg?language=python3 hello.pl]:<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl">
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use v5.30.0;
say "Hello, World";
say "Hello, Perl";
</syntaxhighlight>
;ã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ã§ã®å®è¡:<syntaxhighlight lang=console>
% cat > hello.pl
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use v5.30.0;
say "Hello, World";
say "Hello, Perl";
^D
% perl hello.pl
Hello, World
Hello, Perl
% chmod +x hello.pl
% ./hello.pl
Hello, World
Hello, Perl
% _
</syntaxhighlight>
:[[#say|say]] ã¯ãæååãŸãã¯æååã®ãªã¹ãã衚瀺ïŒããŠæ¹è¡ïŒããçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã§ãã
:Perlã®[[#æååãªãã©ã«|æååãªãã©ã«]]ã¯ã<code>"</code>(ããã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ããŒã¯)ã§å²ã¿ãŸãã
:<code>â</code>(ã·ã³ã°ã«ã¯ãªãŒããŒã·ã§ã³)ã§å²ãã§æååãªãã©ã«ã衚çŸã§ããŸããããã®å Žåã¯æ¹è¡æå(<code>\n</code>)ãªã©ã®[[#ããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ãšã¹ã±ãŒã|ããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ãšã¹ã±ãŒã]]ã倿°(<code>$x</code>, <code>@y</code>ã<code>%z</code>,)ãå±éããããã®ãŸãŸè¡šç€ºããããªã©ã®éãããããŸãã
Perlã¯ãå€ãã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãšåæ§ã«ãPerlã¯[[w:æ§é åããã°ã©ãã³ã°|æ§é åããã°ã©ãã³ã°]]ãšããããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãã©ãã€ã ãæ¡çšããŠããŸãã
ããã°ã©ã ã®æµãã¯é次ã»åå²ã»å埩ã®ïŒã€ãåºæ¬ã§ã<ref>gotoã¯ãããŸãããã倧åè±åºãªã©ã¯ã©ãã«ãšäœµçšããã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡æã§å®çŸã§ãããªã©ãgotoãå¿
èŠã«ãªãã±ãŒã¹ã¯æ¥µããŠå°ãªãã§ã</ref>ã
ã€ãŸããååãšããŠããã°ã©ã ã¯ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒãã«èšè¿°ãããé ã«å®è¡ããã[[<noinclude>Perl/å¶åŸ¡æ§é </noinclude>#if|if]] ã [[<noinclude>Perl/å¶åŸ¡æ§é </noinclude>#for|for]] ãªã©ã®å¶åŸ¡æ§é ããã£ããšãã ãåå²ã»å埩ããŸãã
== Perlã®åºæ¬æ©èœã®çŽ¹ä» ==
=== 倿°ã®å®£èšãšåæå ===
Perlã§ã¯ã倿°ã¯ãããŒã¿ãæ ŒçŽããé åïŒãªããžã§ã¯ãïŒã«ä»ããããååãã§ãïŒ[[W:åçåä»ã|åçåä»ã]]ïŒã Perlã§ã¯å€æ°å(äŸã§ã¯x)ã®åã«$, %, @ãªã©ã®[[#æ¥é èŸ|æ¥é èŸ]]ïŒsigil; ã·ãžã«ïŒãã€ã衚çŸã倿°ãšããŠæ±ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/FL1UJywrp6TZ7K6-soeWzA?language=perl ã³ãŒãäŸïŒãšã©ãŒãšãªããŸãïŒ]:<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl" highlight='6,7' line>
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use v5.12;
#use strict; v5.12以é㯠use strict ãå«ãã§ããã®ã§ä»¥åŸã¯ç¥ããŸã
use warnings;
$x = "Perl";
say "Hello, $x";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Global symbol "$x" requires explicit package name (did you forget to declare "my $x"?) at Main.pl line 6.
Global symbol "$x" requires explicit package name (did you forget to declare "my $x"?) at Main.pl line 7.
Execution of Main.pl aborted due to compilation errors.
</syntaxhighlight>
# [[Shebang|ã·ãã³(shebang!)]]ã§ãã¹ã¯ãªãããå®è¡ããã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒã®äœçœ®ãæããŸãã
#: <code>#!/usr/bin/perl</code>ãšããäŸãèŠãããŸãããperl ã /usr/bin/perl ã§ãªãä»ã®å ŽæïŒäŸãã° /usr/local/bin/perlïŒã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããå¯èœæ§ãããã®ã§<code>#!/usr/bin/env perl</code>ãšããŸãããããã¯ãPATHãéã£ããã£ã¬ã¯ããªã« perl ãšèšãååã®ãããŒãžã£ã³ããŒã¹ã仿ãããããªã¹ã¯ããããšã®æ¹å€ããããŸããã<code>$ perl hello.pl</code>ãããšãã«ãåããªã¹ã¯ãããããªã¹ã¯ãŒãã§ã¯ãããŸãããåå
¥ãããããã®ã§ã¯ãªããšèããããŸãã
# Perl v5.12 以éã®æ©èœãæå¹ã«ããŠããŸãã
# å®å
šã§ã¯ãªãæ§æãå¶éãã Perl ãã©ã°ã strict 㯠Perl5.12 ãããã£ãã©ã«ãã§æå¹ã§ã<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://perldoc.perl.org/strict
|title=strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs - Perldoc Browser
|date=
|accessdate=2022/11/09
}}</ref>ã
#: strict ãæå¹ãªã®ã§ãã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã®äœ¿çšã¯ãšã©ãŒãšãªããŸãã
#: ç¡å¹ã«ããã®ã¯ã no strict; ãšããŸãã
# éžæçãªèŠåã調æŽãã Perl warnings ã§ã<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://perldoc.perl.org/warnings
|title=warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings - Perldoc Browser
|date=
|accessdate=2021/12/11
}}</ref>ã
#: ããã¯ãPerl5.36.0 以éã§ãã£ãã©ã«ãã§æå¹ãªã®ã§ 5.36 ããåã®ã¹ã¯ãªããã§ã¯ãæç€ºçã« use warnings; ãå¿
èŠã§ãã
ãã®å¯ŸçãšããŠãããŒã¯ãŒã <code>my</code> ã䜿ã£ãŠã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãã®å€æ°ïŒã¬ãã·ã«ã«å€æ°ïŒãšããŠå®£èšããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/z8rb2o2Ko36-XbXsQ9lpvg?language=perl ã³ãŒãäŸïŒä¿®æ£åŸïŒ]:<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl" highlight=6 line>
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use v5.12;
# use strict;
use warnings;
my $x = "Perl";
say "Hello, $x";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Hello, Perl
</syntaxhighlight>
:6è¡ç®ãä¿®æ£ããçµæãæ£ããå®è¡ã§ããŸããã
:ãã®æ§ã«ã«ã<code>use v5.12;</code>以éãæå®ããããšã§ã å®å
šã§ãªãã³ãŒããæ©ãæ®µéã§çºèŠã§ããŸãã
Perlã§ã¯äŸã«ãããããªæ§é ã®ãªãããã äžã€ã®å€ã®ã¿ãä¿æããããŒã¿ïŒ'''ã¹ã«ã©ãŒ'''ãšåŒã³ãŸãïŒã®ã»ããé çªã«äžŠãã è€æ°ã®ããŒã¿ãããªã'''é
å'''ãããŒãšå€ã®ãã¢ãŒè€æ°èšé²ãã'''ããã·ã¥'''ãããè€éãªããŒã¿æ§é ãå®çŸãã'''ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹'''ãªã©ã®ããŒã¿ãæ±ãããšãã§ããŸãã
''倿°ã«ã€ããŠã®è©³çްã¯[[<noinclude>Perl/倿°ãããŒã¿æ§é </noinclude><includeonly>#倿°ãšããŒã¿ãŒå</includeonly>|倿°ãšããŒã¿ãŒå]]ã§è§£èª¬ããŸãã''
''ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã«ã€ããŠã®è©³çްã¯[[<noinclude>Perl/ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹</noinclude><includeonly>#ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹</includeonly>|ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹]]ã§è§£èª¬ããŸãã''
=== åŒãšæŒç®å ===
Perlã«ã¯ãè±å¯ãªæ°å€èšç®ã®ããã®æŒç®åãçšæãããŠãããããããçµã¿åãããŠåŒãäœãããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/nbzjaZZ3jpAbPwNCiUerYA?language=perl ã³ãŒãäŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl" highlight=5 line>
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
say 12 + 5;
say 12 - 5;
say 12 * 5;
say 12 / 5;
say 12 % 5;
say 12 ** 5;
say 12 & 5;
say 12 | 5;
say 12 ^ 5;
say 12 << 1;
say 12 >> 1;
say -12;
say +12;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
17
7
60
2.4
2
248832
4
13
9
24
6
-12
12
</syntaxhighlight>
: åå åŸ å°äœ çŽ¯ä¹ ãããéè«çç© ãããéè«çå ãããéæä»çè«çå å³ã·ãã å·Šã·ãã åé
ãã€ãã¹ åé
ãã©ã¹ ã§ã
{{Main|[[<noinclude>Perl/æŒç®å</noinclude><includeonly>#æŒç®å</includeonly>|æŒç®å]]}}
{{ã³ã©ã |use v5.12;ãšuse warnings;|2=ãã©ã°ã use v5.12;ãšuse warnings;ã¯å¿
ãããã°ã©ã åé ã§æå®ããŸãããã
use v5.12;ã®v5.12ã¯ãèªåã®äœ¿ã£ãŠããPERLã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒã®ããŒãžã§ã³ïŒç¹æ®å€æ° $^V ã§ç¢ºèªã§ããŸãïŒã§è¯ãã§ãããã
ãããæå®ããªããšçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã®ã¹ãã«ãã¹çšåºŠã§ãããšã©ãŒãèŠåããªãæãããããªãçµæã«ãªããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/YXKLDVsafNKdeLivSicKsQ?language=perl ä¿®æ£äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl" highlight=1 line>
$x = cyop;
print $x
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
cyop
</syntaxhighlight>
}}
;[https://paiza.io/projects/YXKLDVsafNKdeLivSicKsQ?language=perl ã³ãŒãäŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl" highlight="1,2" line>
use v5.12;
use warnings;
$x = cyop;
print $x</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡æãšã©ãŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Global symbol "$x" requires explicit package name (did you forget to declare "my $x"?) at Main.pl line 4.
Global symbol "$x" requires explicit package name (did you forget to declare "my $x"?) at Main.pl line 5.
Bareword "cyop" not allowed while "strict subs" in use at Main.pl line 4.
Execution of Main.pl aborted due to compilation errors.
</syntaxhighlight>
=== å¶åŸ¡æ§é ===
ååãšããŠPerlã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯'''äžã«æžãããŠãããã®ããé ã«'''å®è¡ãããŠãããŸãããç¹°ãè¿ãããç¹å®ã®æ¡ä»¶ã«å¿ããŠåäœãåãæ¿ããããšãã§ããŸãã
==== æ¡ä»¶åå² ====
ããæ¡ä»¶ãã¿ãããŠããã(ããã§ã¯$x ã 3 ãã倧ãããã©ãã)ãå€å®ããå€å®ã®å
容ã«ããåäœãåãæ¿ããŠããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/R3qff1jSAWSPoXUkHHLpiQ?language=perl ã³ãŒãäŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl" line>
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $x = 5;
if ($x > 3){
say "$x > 3"
} else {
say "$x <= 3"
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
5 > 3
</syntaxhighlight>
==== å埩 ====
å埩ã¯ããããããã¯ãç¹°ãè¿ãå¶åŸ¡æ§é ã§ã«ãŒããšãåŒã°ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/XXmfN6Ueil78HAvDabN0CQ?language=perl ã³ãŒãäŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang="Perl" highlight=6 line>
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
foreach my $num (1 .. 10) {
print "$num ";
}
say ""
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
</syntaxhighlight>
{{See also|[[<noinclude>Perl/å¶åŸ¡æ§é </noinclude><includeonly>#å¶åŸ¡æ§é </includeonly>|å¶åŸ¡æ§é ]]}}
=== ã³ã¡ã³ã ===
ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®äœæäžã«ãããã°ã©ã å
ã«ã¡ã¢ãæ®ããŠããããããäžæçã«ããåäœãå®è¡ãããªãããã«ãããããšãã£ãèŠæ±ãçããããšããããŸãããã®ãããªãããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ã³ãŒãã«èšèŒããããåäœããªãç®æãã®ããšãäžè¬ã«'''ã³ã¡ã³ã'''ãšåŒã³ãŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/BkhWkvSnPy4mvEW-CzjGDQ?language=perl ã³ãŒãäŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl highlight=6 line>
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
# ã·ã£ãŒã以éããè¡æ«ãŸã§å®è¡ãããªã
say "ããã¯ã³ã¡ã³ãã®å€";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
ããã¯ã³ã¡ã³ãã®å€
</syntaxhighlight>
:Perlã§ã¯#以éã®è¡ç«¯ãŸã§ãã³ã¡ã³ããšã¿ãªãããŸããCèšèªã«ãããããªè€æ°è¡ã«ãããã³ã¡ã³ãã¯ãããŸãããã以äžã®ãããªæ¹æ³ã§å®è³ªçãªè€æ°è¡ã³ã¡ã³ããå©çšããããšãã§ããŸãã
=== Podã«ããããã¥ã¡ã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ ===
Perlã®Podã¯ãPlain Old Documentationã®ç¥ã§ãPerlã¹ã¯ãªããã®ããã¥ã¡ã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ãæžãããã®ãã©ãŒãããã§ãã
Podã¯ãããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ã«èšè¿°ãããã¹ã¯ãªãããšäžç·ã«é
åžãããããšãäžè¬çã§ãã
Podã¯ã人éãèªã¿ãããããã¥ã¡ã³ããäœæããããã«èšèšãããŠããŸãããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ããã°ã©ã ã«ãè§£æå¯èœãªåçŽãªæ§æããããŸãã
以äžã¯Perlã§1ãã100ã®éã®çŽ æ°ããã¹ãŠè¡šç€ºããããã°ã©ã ã«Podã«ããããã¥ã¡ã³ããä»å ããäŸã§ãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
=head1 NAME
find_primes.pl - Find all prime numbers between 1 and 100
=head1 SYNOPSIS
perl find_primes.pl
=head1 DESCRIPTION
This program finds all prime numbers between 1 and 100 and prints them to the console.
=head1 AUTHOR
Your Name
=cut
# Initialize an array to hold the prime numbers
my @primes = ();
# Loop through all numbers between 1 and 100
for my $num (1..100) {
my $is_prime = 1;
# Check if the number is divisible by any number other than itself and 1
for my $divisor (2..int($num/2)) {
if ($num % $divisor == 0) {
$is_prime = 0;
last;
}
}
# If the number is prime, add it to the array
push @primes, $num if $is_prime;
}
# Print the prime numbers to the console
print "Prime numbers between 1 and 100:\n";
print join(", ", @primes) . "\n";
</syntaxhighlight>
;HTMLã®ã¬ã³ããªã³ã°äŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=html>
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>find_primes.pl - Find all prime numbers between 1 and 100</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rev="made" href="mailto:[email protected]" />
</head>
<body>
<ul id="index">
<li><a href="#NAME">NAME</a></li>
<li><a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
<li><a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
<li><a href="#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1>
<p>find_primes.pl - Find all prime numbers between 1 and 100</p>
<h1 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h1>
<pre><code>perl find_primes.pl</code></pre>
<h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1>
<p>
This program finds all prime numbers between 1 and 100 and prints them to
the console.
</p>
<h1 id="AUTHOR">AUTHOR</h1>
<p>Your Name</p>
</body>
</html>
</syntaxhighlight>
äžèšã®äŸã§ã¯ã<code>=head1</code>ã¯ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®èŠåºãã衚ããŸãã
<code>NAME</code>ãš<code>SYNOPSIS</code>ã¯ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®ååãšäœ¿çšäŸã説æããŸãã
<code>DESCRIPTION</code>ã¯ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®æ©èœã®è©³çްãªèª¬æã§ããã<code>AUTHOR</code>ã¯ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®äœè
ã®æ
å ±ãæäŸããŸãã
== èèš» ==
<references />
{{Nav}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Perl ã¯ããã«}}
[[Category:Perl|ã¯ããã«]]
</noinclude> | 2005-02-05T12:53:20Z | 2024-01-20T06:57:25Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:See also",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Cite web",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Nav",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Wikipedia",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Main",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:ã³ã©ã "
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/Perl/%E3%81%AF%E3%81%98%E3%82%81%E3%81%AB |
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ãããã§ã«ããã€ãªåååçºé»æã§ã®äºæ
ãçŠå³¶ç¬¬äžåååçºé»æäºæ
ããŸãäœ¿çšæžã¿æ žçæã®æçµåŠåå°ã®åé¡ãååçã®ç¹æ€æã®æŸå°ç·è¢«ã°ãã䌎ãäœæ¥ãååç匟ã®åææãšãªããã«ãããŠã ãçæãããåé¡ãªã©ãæ§ã
ãªåé¡ç¹ãããå©çšã«æ¹å€çãªæèŠãããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã«çããç§ãã¡ã®èª²é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ãã¯ã2000幎6æã«æ¿åºãšé»åäŒç€Ÿããã¹ãŠã®åååçºé»æã廿¢ããããšãåæãã2011幎ã«è±åçºã決å®ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã«çããç§ãã¡ã®èª²é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ã€ã¹ã¯ã2011幎5æã«ãè±åçºãã2034幎ãŸã§ã«å®çŸããããšã決å®ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã«çããç§ãã¡ã®èª²é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ã¿ãªã¢ã¯ãåååçºé»æãèšçœ®ããŠããªãã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã«çããç§ãã¡ã®èª²é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥æ¬ãäžåœãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã¯äžçã®æµãã«éè¡ããŠããããœãããšãã«ã®ãŒãã³ãŒãžã§ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã泚ç®ãããŠããããéçºã«åç³çæããã®ä»è³æºãå€éã«äœ¿ãããŠããããšããã倧ããªåé¡ã«ãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã«çããç§ãã¡ã®èª²é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããããã€ãã¯ãå®çãããå»åŠã®çºéã«ãã£ãŠæ»ã®å®çŸ©ãå¿èæ»ãè³å¹¹æ»ãè³æ»ã®3ã€ã«ãªã£ãããèåšç§»æ€ãåé¡ã«ãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã«çããç§ãã¡ã®èª²é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ±ã«ããããŠãã€æ°æã®ããã ã§ã¯ãã€ããŠã§ãæé«ç¥ãšãããŠãã€æãä¿¡ããããŠããã ãŠãã€äººã§ãã£ãã€ãšã¹ã»ããªã¹ãã¯é£äººæãšå
šäžçã®æãããšããåŒåãã¡ã«ãã£ãŠã²ããããããããªã¹ãæã®å®æŽŸã«ã¯ã«ããªãã¯ããããã¹ã¿ã³ããæ£æäŒãªã©ãããã瀟äŒåŠè
ã®ãŠã§ãŒããŒã¯ãããã¹ã¿ã³ãã£ãºã ãšè·æ¥å«çãšãçµã³ã€ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã«çããç§ãã¡ã®èª²é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ã¹ã©ã æã¯ã ãã³ãããåµå§ããã¢ã©ãŒãžã®çµ¶å¯Ÿåž°äŸ(ãã)ã説ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã«çããç§ãã¡ã®èª²é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "仿ã¯ã¬ãŠã¿ãã»ã·ãããŒã«ã¿ãå§ããæ
æ²ãããããšã«ãã£ãŠä»é(ããã)ã«ãªãããšèª¬ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã«çããç§ãã¡ã®èª²é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ(ãã
ããã)ã¯ååãå§ããä»çŸ©(ããã)ãå±ãããç¥é(ãããšã)ã¯ã¢ãããºã ãšç¥éåŽæãããªããæåŠã¯ç¡åžžèгãèœã¯å¹œçãè¶éã¯ãã³ããããããŠããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã«çããç§ãã¡ã®èª²é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "瀟äŒä¿éã¯ãã¥ãŒãã£ãŒã«æ¿çã«ããã瀟äŒä¿éæ³ãããããªããžã®ãããããããå¢å ŽãŸã§ãã®çŠç¥åœå®¶æ¿çãæåã§ãããæ¥æ¬ã®ç€ŸäŒä¿éã¯ã瀟äŒä¿éºãå
¬çæ¶å©ã瀟äŒçŠç¥ãå
¬è¡è¡çã®4æ¬æ±ããæãç«ã£ãŠããã瀟äŒä¿éºã¯ãå¥åº·ä¿éºã»å¹Žéã»ä»è·ä¿éºãªã©ãããªããå¥åº·ä¿éºã¯åºç€å¹Žéãåé¡ã«ãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã«çããç§ãã¡ã®èª²é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ åæåãçºéãããã¹ã³ããææ
ã«èšŽãããã瀟äŒã倧è¡ç€ŸäŒãšããã瀟äŒåŠè
ã®ãªãŒã¹ãã³ã¯å€ç¬ãªçŸ€éã®äžã§è¿ä»£ä»¥åã¯å°å瀟äŒã®äžã§ç掻ããäŒçµ±æååã ã£ãããè¿ä»£ã§ã¯å®æãææ³ãããšã«äž»äœçãªè¡åããå
éšæååãçŸä»£ã¯ãã¹ã³ãã«åããããä»äººæååã«ãªã£ããšå€§è¡åãåæããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åœé瀟äŒã®çžäºäŸåã«ããããµããããéãããããç¥çæææš©ã®åœéçãªå¯Ÿå¿ããåœå
ç£æ¥ã®æµ·å€æµåºã«ããç£æ¥ã®ç©ºæŽåã®åé¡ãèµ·ãã£ãŠããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®å²åŠè
ã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ã¯æç¥ãšè¿°ã¹ãŠããããã¢ãµããšã³ã¹ã¯ç¥æµã®äººãšããæå³ã§ãããå€ä»£äžåœã®ææ³å®¶ååã¯åŠã¶ããšã¯éã§ãããã¿ãªã¯ççãã®ãã®ã ãšå±ããããã©ã³ã¹é©åœã«åœ±é¿ãäžããææ³å®¶ã®ã«ãœãŒã¯é幎æã¯ç¬¬äºã®èªçã§ãããšå±ãããæ¥æ¬ã®é幎ã¯å¢ç人ã§ããèè€ãæ±ããŠãããããŒãžãã«ã»ãã³ãšããããããæå人é¡åŠè
ã®ããŒãã¯ãµã¢ã¢ã§ã¯åäŸãã倧人ãžã®ç§»è¡ã¯ééå瀌ã«ãã£ãŠãããªãããŠããŠèè€ã¯èŠãããªãã£ããšã®èª¿æ»ãããŠãããå¿çåŠè
ã®ãšãªã¯ãœã³ã¯é幎æã®ç¶æ
ãå¿ç瀟äŒçã¢ã©ããªã¢ã ãšåã¥ãããæ¬²æ±äžæºã®ããšããã©ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšããããããè§£æ¶ããããšãé©å¿è¡åãšãããå¿çåŠè
ã®ããã€ãã¯é²è¡æ©å¶ãšåŒãã ãé幎æã¯èªæãç®èŠãããåæ§ã«ã¯èœåãæ°è³ªãæ§æ Œã®3ã€ã®èŠçŽ ããããã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ã圢æãããªããšæé£çãéé£çãã¹ãã¥ãŒãã³ãã»ã¢ãã·ãŒã«ãªãããšããããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æè²åŠè
ããŽã£ã¬ãŒã¹ãã¯é幎æã®çºé課é¡ãæããŠããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "女æ§å·®å¥æ€å»æ¡çŽãåããŠãæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ç·å¥³éçšæ©äŒåçæ³ãè²å
äŒæ¥æ³ãæç«ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥æ¬äººã¯ãåæ¹ç³»ãæé®®ç³»ãäžåœç³»ãæ±åã¢ãžã¢ç³»ãããªãã·ã¢ç³»ã®5ã€ã®æ°æã«ãã£ãŠæ§æãããŠããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥æ¬ã¯ããããã®æåã®çµçç¹ã§éçš®æåãšåŒã°ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "決ããŠ1ã€ã®æ°æã1ã€ã®æåã§ã¯ãªãã倿¥æåãšäŒçµ±æåã®ãµã€ã¯ã«ã¯1200幎ã§ãããæ¥æ¬ã®äŒçµ±çãªé£ç掻ã¯äžæ±äžèã§ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžäžä»¥éã®æ°å®¶ã¯ç«ªç©Žäœå±
ãšé«åºäœå±
ã®åäœã§ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŸä»£ã®åæã§ããæŽãçã¯æ±æžæä»£ã«ãªã£ãŠå®çãããéå£ã®ãŸãšãŸãã¯å¶æã«ãªã£ãŠçŸããŠããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¬ã®æ¥ãšã±ã®æ¥ã¯äŒçµ±æåãæ¯ããŠããããã¬ã®æ¥ãšã±ã®æ¥ã®åºå¥ã¯å¹Žäžè¡äºãééå瀌ã«ãªã£ãŠçŸãããå°æ¹ã蟲æã®ããšããããšãããéœåžã®ããšããã€ã³ãšãããéœåžã®äŒçµ±ã®ããšã ãã€ã³ã¶ã ãšããã京éœã§ã¯ã¿ãã³ã®äžçãå±éãããŠããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ±æžæä»£ã®åœåŠè
ã®è³èçæ·µ(ããã® ãŸã¶ã¡)ã¯ãæž
ãæãå¿ãšèª ã匷調ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥æ¬äººã®ç€ŸäŒè¡åã«ãããŠããã¡ã§ã¯æ¬é³ã§æ¥ããå€ã§ã¯ããŠãŸãã§æ¥ããã蟲家ãåŽååãæäŸãããããšã ãã ãšããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æå人é¡åŠè
ã®ãããã£ã¯ãã¯èé£ç£ã¯ããã«ãã£ãŠå¯Ÿäººé¢ä¿ãæ°ã«ããæ¥ã®æåã圢æãããèé£ç£ã¯çžåŒµãã«ãã£ãŠå®æãå¿ã®ããã©ãããšããçœªã®æåã圢æããããšè«ããã 瀟äŒäººé¡åŠè
ã®äžæ ¹åæã¯ãèŸ²èæ°æã¯å€©åãªã©å
代ã®ç¥æµãçµéšã倧åã«ããã®ã§ããŠç€ŸäŒã圢æãããç©çæ°æã¯æè¡ã次ã
ã«é©æ°ããå
代ã¯ãããŠããããã®ã§ãã瀟äŒã圢æããããšè«ãããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®å²åŠè
ãœã¯ã©ãã¹ã¯äººçã§ãã£ãšã倧åãªããšã¯ããçããããšã ãšè¿°ã¹ããæ¥æ¬ã®ä»£è¡šçãªããªã¹ãæåŸã§ããææ³å®¶ã®å
æéäžã¯åŸäžãžã®æå€§ã®éºç©ã¯ãåãŸããé«å°ãªç涯ãã§ãããšè¿°ã¹ãã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšã¬ã¯ãããã¯ã¹ã¯ICãLSIãè¶
LSIãšæè¡é©æ°ãé²ãã§ããããã€ãã¯ãããžãŒããã€ãªãã¯ãããžãŒãçºéãããæ¥æ¬ã®å·¥æ¥ã¯ã補éãªã©ã®éåé·å€§(ãã
ããã ã¡ããã ã)ãããåå°äœãªã©ã®è»œèçå°(ããã¯ã ããããã)åã®ç£æ¥ã«åãæ¿ãããç£æ¥æ§é ã®ãã€ãã¯åãèµ·ããããããã¯çµæžã®ãœããåããµãŒãã¹åãšãåŒã°ããŠããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŒæ¥ã«ã¯æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãªã©ããããæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿã®åºè³è
ã®è²¬ä»»ã¯æé責任ã§ãããææãšçµå¶ã®åé¢ããªãããŠããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¿åºã®çµæžæŽ»åã®ããšã財æ¿ãšããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "財æ¿ã«ã¯è³æºé
åæ©èœãæåŸåé
åæ©èœãçµæžå®å®åæ©èœãããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¿åºãå®¶èšãäŒæ¥ã«ç©æ¥µçã«ä»å
¥ããããšã¯æ··åçµæžãä¿®æ£è³æ¬äž»çŸ©ãšåŒã°ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç§çšã«ã¯æåŸãåã人ã«å¯Ÿããæ°Žå¹³çå
¬å¹³(ãããžããŠã ãããžã)ãšãæåŸãéã人ã«å¯ŸããåçŽçå
¬å¹³(ããã¡ãããŠã ãããžã)ãæ±ããããŠããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çšã¯çŽæ¥çšãšéæ¥çšã«åããããšãã§ãããçŽæ¥çšã«ã¯æåŸçšãæ³äººçšãªã©ãããã鿥çšã«ã¯æ¶è²»çšãé
çšãªã©ãããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽæ¥çšãšéæ¥çšã®å²åã®ããšãçŽéæ¯ç(ã¡ãã£ãã ã²ãã€)ãšããã鿥çšã®ã»ãã倧ãããªããšåçŽçå
¬å¹³ã厩ããé鲿§ã®åé¡ãèµ·ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãæ ªåŒã瀟åµãçºè¡ããŠèšŒåžåžå Žã§è³éã調éããããšãçŽæ¥éèãšããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éè¡ã§è³éãåããããšã鿥éèãšãããéè¡ãè³éã貞ãåºãããã®äŒç€Ÿãä»ã®äŒç€Ÿã«æ¯æããä»ã®äŒç€Ÿãä»ã®éè¡ã«è³éãé ãå
¥ããããšã«ãã£ãŠé éåµé ããããªãããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥æ¬ã®äžå€®éè¡ã¯æ¥æ¬éè¡ã§ãããæ¥æ¬éè¡ã¯éè¡ã®éè¡ãæ¿åºã®éè¡ãçºåžéè¡ãšãåŒã°ãããæ¥éã®éèæ¿çã«ã¯å
¬å®æ©åæäœãé éæºåçæäœãå
¬éåžå Žæäœãããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éèã®èªç±å以éããã«çµæžåãèµ·ãã財ãã¯ãæµè¡ã£ããããã«åŽ©å£ä»¥éã¯äœå°(ãã
ããã)ãªã©ã®äžè¯åµæš©ãåé¡ãšãªã£ãã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éçšèª¿æŽã«ãã£ãŠæŽŸé£ç€Ÿå¡ãããŒãã¿ã€ããŒãã¢ã«ãã€ããå€åœäººåŽåè
ãå¢å ãããéåŽæ»ãè£éåŽåå¶ãåé¡ã«ãªã£ãŠãããåŽååºæ¬æš©ã«ã¯åŽåæš©ãšåŽåäžæš©ããããåŽåäžæš©ã«ã¯å£çµæš©ãå£äœäº€æžæš©ãäºè°æš©ããããåŽåäžæ³ã«ã¯åŽååºæºæ³ãåŽåçµåæ³ãåŽåé¢ä¿èª¿æŽæ³ãããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ææ²»æã«ã¯è¶³å°Ÿé±æ¯äºä»¶ãåé¡ã«ãªã£ããåå°å
¬å®³èšŽèšã«ã¯æ°Žä¿£ç
ãæ°æœæ°Žä¿£ç
ãã€ã¿ã€ã€ã¿ã€ç
ã忥åžããããããããåœã¯å
¬å®³å¯Ÿçåºæ¬æ³ãæç«ãããç°å¢åºãèšç«ãããPPP(æ±æè
è² æ
ã®åå)ãç·éèŠå¶ãšãã£ãæ¿çããšãããŠãããè¿å¹Žã§ã¯ç°å¢åºæ¬æ³ãç°å¢ã¢ã»ã¹ã¡ã³ãæ³ãæç«ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºæ¬ç人暩ã§ã¯å
Œ
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å ±å
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"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
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"text": "åœæ°äž»æš©ã代衚æ°äž»å¶ãšãã圢ã«ããŠããã®ãåœäŒã§ãããåœäŒã¯åœæš©ã®æé«æ©é¢ã§ãããšãšãã«å¯äžã®ç«æ³æ©é¢ã§ãããäºé¢å¶ãè¡è°é¢ã®åªè¶ãæ¡çšãããŠããããŸããå§å¡äŒå¶åºŠãåœæ¿èª¿æ»æš©ãæã£ãŠãããæ¥æ¬ã¯è°é¢å
é£å¶ãæ¡çšããŠãããè¡æ¿å§å¡äŒãªã©ããããçŸä»£ã«ãããŠã¯è¡æ¿æš©åªäœã®çŸè±¡ãèŠãããå®åæ©æ§ãžã®æ
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"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæŠæ¡çŽãåœéé£åæ²ç« ã§å¹³å䞻矩ããããããŠãããæ¥æ¬åœæ²æ³ã¯æŠäºã®æŸæ£ãæŠåã®äžä¿æãäº€æŠæš©ã®åŠèªãå®ããŠããå¹³åäž»çŸ©ã®æ²æ³ã§ãããæŠåã®äžä¿æãå®ããŠããæ²æ³ã¯æ¥æ¬åœæ²æ³ãšã³ã¹ã¿ãªã«æ²æ³ã ãã§ãããèªè¡éã«ã¯ææ°çµ±å¶ã®å¶åºŠããšãããŠããŠãå
é£ç·ç倧è£ãèªè¡éã®æé«ææ®å®ã§ãããéèŠäºé
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šä¿éäŒè°ã決å®ããããšã«ãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
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"text": "äžè«ã¯ãã¹ã¡ãã£ã¢ã«ãã£ãŠæäœããããå§åå£äœãæ¿æ²»ã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãåãŒããŠãããå¶ééžæã«å¯ŸããŠæ®ééžæããããããã«ã¯æ©å¯éžæãšå¹³çéžæãå«ãŸããŠããŠãå¹³çéžæã«ã¯è°å¡å®æ°äžåè¡¡ã®åé¡ããããéžæå¶åºŠã«ã¯æ¯äŸä»£è¡šå¶ãå°éžæåºå¶ãå€§éžæåºå¶ãªã©ããããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯å°éžæåºæ¯äŸä»£è¡šäžŠç«å¶ãæ¡çšãããŠãããå°éžæåºå¶ã«ã¯æ»ç¥šãã§ããããšããæ¬ ç¹ããããæ¿å
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"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã©ã³ã¹ã®å²åŠè
ãµã«ãã«ã¯ã人éã¯èªç±ã®åã«åŠããããŠããããšè¡šçŸãããèªç±ã«ã¯æå§ããã®èªç±ãšäººæ ŒãšããŠã®èªç±ãããããã€ãã®å²åŠè
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ã¢ãã«ãã¯æš©åšäž»çŸ©çããŒãœããªãã£ãæå±ããããæ°äž»äž»çŸ©çããŒãœããªãã£ããããå¿
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"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
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"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åœé£ã§ã¯äžç人暩宣èšãæ¡æããããåœé人暩èŠçŽã®ããšèŠçŽäººæš©å§å¡äŒãèšç«ããã¢ãã«ããã€ãã®å»æ¢ã«è²¢ç®ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
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"tag": "p",
"text": "䞻暩åœå®¶ã¯å€äº€ãåœéæ¿æ²»ããããªããåœéäžè«ãç¡èŠã§ããªãã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
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"tag": "p",
"text": "第1次åœé£æµ·æŽæ³äŒè°ã§å€§éžæ£å¶åºŠãå®ããããã第3次åœé£æµ·æŽæ³äŒè°ã§ã¯æä»ççµæžæ°Žåãå®ããããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "éºäŒçã«å
±éã®ç¹åŸŽãæã€äººã
ã®éå£ã®ããšã人皮ãšãããæåãå
±æãã人ã
ã®éå£ã®ããšãæ°æãšãããåœéå
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äœæ°åœé10ã幎ã«ãªã£ãã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
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"tag": "p",
"text": "第äºçŠç«äžžä»¥éããã°ãŠã©ãã·ã¥äŒè°ãéšåçæ žå®éšçŠæ¢æ¡çŽãNPTãSALTãINFå
šå»æ¡çŽãSTARTãSTARTIIãCTBTãªã©ãæ¡æãããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "å¢ååè¡¡æ¿çã¯éå£å®å
šä¿éã«ãªã£ãããµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³å¹³åæ¡çŽãšåæã«æ¥ç±³å®å
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±å宣èšã«ãªããæ°ã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³æ³ã«ãªããåšèŸºäºæ
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"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
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"tag": "p",
"text": "è³æ¬äž»çŸ©ãèé£ç£ã®çµæžã§ã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©ãèé£ç£ã®çµæžã§ãããæ žææ¢åã«ããææã®åè¡¡ãããããããããã¥ãŒã屿©ä»¥éãå¹³åå
±åæ¿çã倿¥µåã®æµãã®ãªããã«ã¿äŒè«ã«ãã£ãŠå·æŠãçµçµããããŽã«ããã§ãæ¿æš©ã¯ãã¬ã¹ããã€ã«ããããªã£ããäžåœã¯æ¹é©ã»éæŸæ¿çããããªãã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©åžå Žçµæžã«ãªã£ãã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
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"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "MOSSåè°ãG5ããã©ã¶åæãæ¥ç±³æ§é åè°ãšäº€æžããããªãããŠããã è¿å¹Žã§ã¯2002幎ã«ã·ã³ã¬ããŒã«ãšFTA(èªç±è²¿æåå®)ãçµãã ã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
},
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ååçã«å€ãå
é²åœãšãååçã«å€ãçºå±éäžåœãšã®çµæžæ Œå·®ã®ããšããåååé¡ãšãããååçã®åœã§ã¯çޝç©åµååé¡ãã¢ãã«ã«ãã£ãŒãäžæ¬¡ç£åãªã©ã®åé¡ãæ±ããŠããããšãå€ããããããååçã®åœã®äžã§ããããã«ç³æ²¹ãç£åºã§ãããã©ãããšããçµæžæ Œå·®ããããååçã©ããã®çµæžæ Œå·®ã§ããåååé¡ãããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®ç€ŸäŒãšäººéãšããŠã®åšãæ¹çãæ¹"
}
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== Customize Toolbar (ããŒã«ããŒãã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºãã...) ==
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[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/OsiriX Format Menu]]
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==OsiriX Email==
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ãããéžæãããšãPreview ã§Osirix Quick Manual ã衚瀺ãããŸãã
==OsiriX Online Documentation==
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----
[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/OsiriX Help Menu]]
[[Category:OsiriX|ãã«ã ãžããµ]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:09:09Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC_%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%97_(Help) |
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] | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž ç®æ¬¡ > OsiriXã¡ãã¥ãŒ OsiriX > OsiriX ç°å¢èšå®ãäžè¬ | [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž ç®æ¬¡]] > [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXã¡ãã¥ãŒ_OsiriX|OsiriXã¡ãã¥ãŒ OsiriX]] > [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/Osirix_General_Preferences_(äžè¬)|OsiriX ç°å¢èšå®ãäžè¬]]
----
<br>
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriXPrefsGeneral.jpg]]</center>
<br>
=== èµ·åæã«ã¢ããããŒããèªåçã«ç¢ºèªãã ===
ããããã§ãã¯ãããšãOsiriX ãèµ·åãããã³ã«ãæ°ããããŒãžã§ã³ã®æç¡ã確èªããŸãã
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[[Category:OsiriX|OsiriX General Preferences ãã€ã¯ã]] | null | 2015-08-29T00:59:49Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/Osirix_General_Preferences_(%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC) |
1,654 | å²åŠã»ææ³ | ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãž > å²åŠã»ææ³
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{| style="float:right"
|-
|{{Wikipedia|å²åŠ|å²åŠ}}
|-
|{{Wikiquote|Category:å²åŠè
|å²åŠè
}}
|-
|{{wikiversity|School:å²åŠ|å²åŠ}}
|-
|{{èµæžäžèЧ}}
|-
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== å²åŠã®åé ==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:ãŠã€ããããã}}
[[Category:人æç§åŠ]]
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{{NDC|100|*}} | 2005-02-14T12:03:38Z | 2023-09-28T16:54:47Z | [
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"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Wikiquote",
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"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:èµæžäžèЧ",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:é²æç¶æ³"
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1,655 | æ¥æ¬èª/æå | æ¥æ¬èªã§äœ¿ãããæåã«ã¯ã²ãããªãšã«ã¿ã«ããšæŒ¢åããããŸããæŒ¢åã¯äžåœããå
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ãã®ã»ãã«ããå€åœèªã®ãVããèšãå Žåã«ããŽ+å°æåã®ã¢è¡ãã䜿ãå ŽåããããŸãã(æ¥æ¬èªã®çºé³ã®è¡šèšã§ã¯ãªãããéåžžãã²ãããªã§ã¯èšè¿°ããªã) ããããã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåãè¡ã§ä»£çšãããŸãã | [
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æ¥æ¬èªã§äœ¿ããã[[w:æå|æå]]ã«ã¯'''[[w:平仮å|ã²ãããª]]'''ãš'''[[w:çä»®å|ã«ã¿ã«ã]]'''ãš'''[[w:挢å|挢å]]'''ããããŸããæŒ¢åã¯[[w:äžåœ|äžåœ]]ããå
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="11" | [[wikt:æž
é³|æž
é³]]
||
! colspan="5" | ããŒãå転å
|-
| style="background-color:#eeffff" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffff" | [[wikt:ã¢|ã¢]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:ã€|ã€]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:ãŠ|ãŠ]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:ãš|ãš]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:ãª|ãª]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffff" | [[wikt:a|a]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:i|i]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:u|u]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:e|e]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:o|o]]
|-
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã«|ã«]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã¯|ã¯]]
|| [[wikt:ã±|ã±]]
|| [[wikt:ã³|ã³]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | ka
| ki
| ku
| ke
| ko
|-
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ãµ|ãµ]]
|| [[wikt:ã·|ã·]]
|| [[wikt:ã¹|ã¹]]
|| [[wikt:ã»|ã»]]
|| [[wikt:ãœ|ãœ]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | sa
| si (shi)
| su
| se
| so
|-
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã¡|ã¡]]
|| [[wikt:ã€|ã€]]
|| [[wikt:ãŠ|ãŠ]]
|| [[wikt:ãš|ãš]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã¿|ã¿]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | ta
| ti (chi)
| tu (tsu)
| te
| to
|-
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ãª|ãª]]
|| [[wikt:ã«|ã«]]
|| [[wikt:ã¬|ã¬]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã®|ã®]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | na
| ni
| nu
| ne
| no
|-
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã¯|ã¯]]
|| [[wikt:ã²|ã²]]
|| [[wikt:ãµ|ãµ]]
|| [[wikt:ãž|ãž]]
|| [[wikt:ã»|ã»]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | ha
| hi
| hu (fu)
| he
| ho
|-
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ãŸ|ãŸ]]
|| [[wikt:ã¿|ã¿]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã |ã ]]
|| [[wikt:ã¡|ã¡]]
|| [[wikt:ã¢|ã¢]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | ma
| mi
| mu
| me
| mo
|-
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã€|ã€]]
||
|| [[wikt:ãŠ|ãŠ]]
||
|| [[wikt:ãš|ãš]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | ya
|
| yu
|
| yo
|-
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã©|ã©]]
|| [[wikt:ãª|ãª]]
|| [[wikt:ã«|ã«]]
|| [[wikt:ã¬|ã¬]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | ra
| ri
| ru
| re
| ro
|-
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]<sup>[[#泚æ1|*]]</sup>
||
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]<sup>[[#泚æ1|*]]</sup>
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã¯|ã¯]]
|| [[wikt:ã°|ã°]]<sup>[[#泚æ1|*]]</sup>
||
|| [[wikt:ã±|ã±]]<sup>[[#泚æ1|*]]</sup>
|| [[wikt:ã²|ã²]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | wa
| i (wi)
|
| e (we)
| o (wo)
|-
| style="background-color:#eeffee" |
||
||
||
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" |
||
||
||
|| [[wikt:ã³|ã³]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" |
|
|
|
| n
|}
; <span id="泚æ1">ã/ã°ãã/ã±ã«é¢ããæ³šæ</span>
:* çŸä»£èªã§ã¯ååãšããŠäœ¿çšãããçºé³ã»æåå
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:* 倿¥èªã衚èšããéã«ã«ã¿ã«ãã§'''ãŠã£'''/'''ãŠã€'''ã'''ãŠã§'''/'''ãŠãš'''ãšãããããšããããŸãïŒæ¥æ¬èªã®çºé³ã®è¡šèšã§ã¯ãªãããéåžžãã²ãããªã§ã¯èšè¿°ããªãïŒ
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan=11 | [[wikt:æ¿é³|æ¿é³]]
||
! colspan=5 | ããŒãå転å
|-
| style="background-color:#eeffff" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffff" | [[wikt:ã¬|ã¬]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:ã®|ã®]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:ã°|ã°]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:ã²|ã²]]
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | [[wikt:ãŽ|ãŽ]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffff" | ga
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | gi
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | gu
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | ge
| style="background-color:#ffeeee" | go
|-
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã¶|ã¶]]
|| [[wikt:ãž|ãž]]
|| [[wikt:ãº|ãº]]
|| [[wikt:ãŒ|ãŒ]]
|| [[wikt:ãŸ|ãŸ]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | za
| zi (ji)
| zu
| ze
| zo
|-
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã |ã ]]
|| [[wikt:ã¢|ã¢]]
|| [[wikt:ã¥|ã¥]]
|| [[wikt:ã§|ã§]]
|| [[wikt:ã©|ã©]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã
|ã
]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | da
| di (zi, ji)
| du (zu)
| de
| do
|-
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã°|ã°]]
|| [[wikt:ã³|ã³]]
|| [[wikt:ã¶|ã¶]]
|| [[wikt:ã¹|ã¹]]
|| [[wikt:ãŒ|ãŒ]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | ba
| bi
| bu
| be
| bo
|-
! colspan="11" | [[wikt:åæ¿é³|åæ¿é³]]
||
! colspan="5" | ããŒãå転å
|-
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã±|ã±]]
|| [[wikt:ãŽ|ãŽ]]
|| [[wikt:ã·|ã·]]
|| [[wikt:ãº|ãº]]
|| [[wikt:ãœ|ãœ]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã|ã]]
||
| style="background-color:#eeffee" | pa
|| pi
|| pu
|| pe
|| po
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[wikt:æé³|æé³]]
||
! colspan="3" | ããŒãå転å
|-
|| [[wikt:ãã|ãã]]
|| [[wikt:ãã
|ãã
]]
|| [[wikt:ãã|ãã]]
|
|| [[wikt:ãã£|ãã£]]
|| [[wikt:ãã¥|ãã¥]]
|| [[wikt:ãã§|ãã§]]
|
| kya
| kyu
| kyo
|-
|| [[wikt:ãã|ãã]]
|| [[wikt:ãã
|ãã
]]
|| [[wikt:ãã|ãã]]
|
|| [[wikt:ã·ã£|ã·ã£]]
|| [[wikt:ã·ã¥|ã·ã¥]]
|| [[wikt:ã·ã§|ã·ã§]]
|
| sya (sha)
| syu (shu)
| syo (sho)
|-
|| [[wikt:ã¡ã|ã¡ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã¡ã
|ã¡ã
]]
|| [[wikt:ã¡ã|ã¡ã]]
|
|| [[wikt:ãã£|ãã£]]
|| [[wikt:ãã¥|ãã¥]]
|| [[wikt:ãã§|ãã§]]
|
| tya (cha)
| tyu (chu)
| tyo (cho)
|-
|| [[wikt:ã«ã|ã«ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã«ã
|ã«ã
]]
|| [[wikt:ã«ã|ã«ã]]
|
|| [[wikt:ãã£|ãã£]]
|| [[wikt:ãã¥|ãã¥]]
|| [[wikt:ãã§|ãã§]]
|
| nya
| nyu
| nyo
|-
|| [[wikt:ã²ã|ã²ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã²ã
|ã²ã
]]
|| [[wikt:ã²ã|ã²ã]]
|
|| [[wikt:ãã£|ãã£]]
|| [[wikt:ãã¥|ãã¥]]
|| [[wikt:ãã§|ãã§]]
|
| hya
| hyu
| hyo
|-
|| [[wikt:ã¿ã|ã¿ã]]
|| [[wikt:ã¿ã
|ã¿ã
]]
|| [[wikt:ã¿ã|ã¿ã]]
|
|| [[wikt:ãã£|ãã£]]
|| [[wikt:ãã¥|ãã¥]]
|| [[wikt:ãã§|ãã§]]
|
| mya
| myu
| myo
|-
|| [[wikt:ãã|ãã]]
|| [[wikt:ãã
|ãã
]]
|| [[wikt:ãã|ãã]]
|
|| [[wikt:ãªã£|ãªã£]]
|| [[wikt:ãªã¥|ãªã¥]]
|| [[wikt:ãªã§|ãªã§]]
|
| rya
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{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥æ¬èªã®æ§æè«ã«ã€ããŠã®æŠç¥ãè¿°ã¹ãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ææ³ãšã¯æãå®çŸ©ããä»çµã¿ã§ãããææ³ã«ã¯äºã€ã®æå³ããããšããèšããããäžã€ã¯æ¯èªè©±è
ã«åããææ³ã§ãããããäžã€ã¯ãã®ã¢ãã«ã§ãããã¢ãã«ãšããŠã®ææ³ã劥åœã§ãããªãã°ããã®ææ³ã¯æ¯èªè©±è
ã«æ¿ãã£ãŠæãå®çŸ©ããã以äžã§æ±ãã®ã¯ã¢ãã«ãšããŠã®ææ³ã§ãããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯çŸ©åæè²ã§æ¥æ¬èªã®ææ³ãæããããã®ææ³ã¯äžè¬ã«ãåœææ³ããšåŒã°ããã以äžãåœææ³ãäžæ·ãã«ããŠãå¿
èŠã«å¿ããŠçè«èšèªåŠã®æŠå¿µãå ããŠãããææ³ã«ãã£ãŠãããèšå·åã¯æã§ãããéæ ã§ããããå€å¥ãããããã®ããã«å€å¥ãããæãšãããã®ãäºãç¹åŸŽä»ããããšã¯é£ãããææ³ãåºæ¥äžãããšãããã«ãã£ãŠæãç¹åŸŽä»ããããããããæ¯èªè©±è
ã¯æ¯èªã«ã€ããŠã®çŽèгãæã¡ãããèšå·åãæã§ãããšå€å¥ããããšãã§ãããææ³ãšã¯ããªãã¡ãã®çŽèгã®èšè¿°ã§ãããæ¯èªè©±è
ãæã§ãããšèªå®ããèšå·åã¯ãæžèšèšèªã«ãããŠã¯å¥ç¹(ã)ãããªãªãã§çµããããšã§äŸ¿å®äžãããšæç€ºããããšãã§ããã",
"title": "æãšã¯äœã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æã¯æ§é ãæã€ãæ¯èªè©±è
ãæãçè§£ããã®ã¯ãã®æã«æ§é ãåœãŠåµãããšããè¡çºã§ãããäœæãçºè©±ãããšããã®ã¯æ§é ãæåãé³çŽ ã®çµã¿åããã«æåœ±ãããšããè¡çºã§ãããææ³ã¯ãæã®æ§é ãå®çŸ©ãã驿 Œãªæ§é ãäžé©åãªæ§é ããåºå¥ã§ããªããã°ãªããªãã ææ³ã¯æã®æ§é ã«é¢ããŠãåå§èšå·ãšçµã¿åããæ¹ãå®çŸ©ãããæã®åå§èšå·ã¯èªã§ãããå³å¯ã«ã¯èªããå°ããåäœã§ããæ¥èŸãªã©ã®åœ¢æ
çŽ ãå«ãŸãããåœææ³ã§æ§é ãè¡šãæ¹æ³ã«ã¯æç¯ãçšãããã®ãšå
¥ååæ§é ãããã矩åæè²ãåããè
ã«ã¯æç¯ã銎æã¿æ·±ããšããã¡ãªãããããããæ§é è¡šç€ºã®æ£ç¢ºããšããç¹ã§ã¯å
¥ååæ§é ã®æ¹ãããããŠãããäž¡è
ãçšéã«ãã£ãŠäœ¿ãåããããšã«ããã ææ³ã¯åå§èšå·ãšæ§é ãå®çŸ©ãããæ§é ãè¡šãæ¹æ³ã«ã¯æç¯ãçšãããã®ãšå
¥ååæ§é ãããã矩åæè²ãåããè
ã«ã¯æç¯ã銎æã¿æ·±ããšããã¡ãªãããããããæ§é è¡šç€ºã®æ£ç¢ºããšããç¹ã§ã¯å
¥ååæ§é ã®æ¹ãããããŠãããäž¡è
ãçšéã«ãã£ãŠäœ¿ãåããããšã«ããã æã¯æç¯ããæ§æããããæç¯ã¯èªç«èªãæ žãšããŠä»»æã«ä»å±èªã䌎ãã",
"title": "æ§é ãšæç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è€æ°ã®æç¯ã¯é£æç¯ãæ§æãããæç¯èªäœã¯ããèªäœã®ããªãã¢ã«ãªé£æç¯ãšããããšãã§ãããããããªãã飿ç¯ã®æå€§ã®ãã®ãæã§ããã矩åæè²ã§ã¯åŒ·èª¿ãããªããã飿ç¯ã¯éèŠã§ããã",
"title": "æ§é ãšæç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "修食é¢ä¿ãšè£å©é¢ä¿ã¯ååãšããŠé£æç¯ã«ãã£ãŠå®çŸ©ãããã",
"title": "æ§é ãšæç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "飿ç¯ã®æ§é ã¯éå±€æ§é ããªããæç¯ãšæç¯ã飿ç¯ããªãããŸã飿ç¯ãšé£æç¯ãæ°ããªé£æç¯ããªããæå€§ã®é£æç¯ã§ããæã圢æããããŸã§å埩ããã",
"title": "æ§é ãšæç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®æã®ç¢ºå®æ¹æ³ã«åŸããš",
"title": "æ§é ãšæç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯æ¥æ¬èªã®æã ãšå€å®ããããšãã§ããŸãããã®ãããªæã¯ãæç¯ããšåŒã°ããèŠçŽ ãéãŸã£ãŠäœãããŠããŸããæç¯ã¯ã次ã®||ã§åºåããšãã(åŠæ ¡ã§ã¯ããããå
¥ãããšæãã)ã§æç¯ã«åããããŸãã",
"title": "æ§é ãšæç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªæç¯ã®å¢çéšåã¯ãä»ã«ãã»ãããããã®ãŒããªã©ã®èŠçŽ (ç¬ç«éšã®äžçš®)ãå·®ãæãããšãã§ããäœçœ®ã§ãããæå³ã®ãŸãšãŸããšå¥ã®ãŸãšãŸãã®åãç®ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "æ§é ãšæç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãããããæç¯ã¯ãç¬ç«éšãé€ããŠãä»ã®æç¯ãšäžå®ã®é¢ä¿ãçµãã§ããŸãããããã®é¢ä¿ã¯ã修食ã®é¢ä¿ã䞊ç«ã®é¢ä¿ãè£å©ã®é¢ä¿ã«åããããŸã(修食éšãé修食éšåã«èŠæ±ããããè£å
æåããšããã§ãªãã修食æåãã«åããèãæ¹ããã)ã",
"title": "æ§é ãšæç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®ãã¡ã修食ã®é¢ä¿ãšè£å
ã®é¢ä¿ã¯ããããæç¯ãšãããæç¯ãšã®é¢ä¿ã§ã修食ã®é¢ä¿ã§ã¯ãããæç¯ãåã«æ¥ãŠãè£å
ã®é¢ä¿ã§ã¯ãããæç¯ãåŸã«æ¥ãŸãã",
"title": "æ§é ãšæç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã«æãããããªé¢ä¿ã«ãã£ãŠæç¯ã¯ãã倧ããªã飿ç¯ããæ§æããŸãã",
"title": "飿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "飿ç¯ã¯åç¬ã®æç¯ãšåãããã«ä»ã®æç¯ãšäžå®ã®é¢ä¿ãçµã³ãããã«å€§ããªé£æç¯ãæ§æããŸããæã倧ããªé£æç¯ã¯æã§ãããã®ç¹ã¯äžåŠé«æ ¡ã®åœææ³ã§ã¯è»œèŠãããã¡ãªããã§ããä¿ãåãã®é¢ä¿ããã£ãšãå°ããªæç¯çžäºã®é¢ä¿ããå§ããæå€§ã®é£æç¯ã§ããæãŸã§å®å
šã«è¡ããæã®æ§é ãå
šäœçã«çè§£ããŠããããšã倧äºã§ãã",
"title": "飿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¡ãããããåžžã«å¿
èŠã§ããããã§ã¯ãªãããããããæã®ãããããçŽãããšãããšããªã©ã«ã¯å¿
èŠãªä¿ãåãã®é¢ä¿ã ããåãåºãã°ããã®ã§ããããã®æã«ããæç¢ºã«ç€ºãããéšå以å€ã®æ§é ã«é
æ
®ããŠããããšã倧äºã§ãã",
"title": "飿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã§æããæãæå°ã®ä¿ãåãããã¯ãããŠãæå€§ã®é£æç¯ã§ããæãŸã§ç¶ãããã®ãæ¬¡ã®æ§é ã§ãã",
"title": "飿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠããã®æã®äžéšã§ããããéæã¡ã§ããããéæã¡ãªãã«çœ®ãæãããšä¿ãåãã®é¢ä¿ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«å€ãããŸãã",
"title": "飿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªä¿ãåãã®æ§é ã¯ã次ã®ãããªã(1)ãš(2)ãšã«ãããã察å¿ããè§£éãããããã€å€çŸ©çãªæ(3)ã衚çŸãåããããšãå¯èœã«ããŸãã",
"title": "飿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãèªç¹(ã)ã®åœ¹å²ã®äžã€ã«è§ŠããŠãããŸãããã(3)ã«æ¬¡ã®ãããªèªç¹ãæã€ãšãè§£éã¯(1)ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããã®ã«ç¹å®ãããŸãã",
"title": "飿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ãèªç¹ã飿¥ããæç¯ã®ä¿ãåãé¢ä¿ããã£ã³ã»ã«ããããã§ãããã®ããã«èãããšãèªç¹ãšã¯(ãšãã©ãèšãããããã§ãã)ããªãããªã£ãããããããæãšãããªããšæã£ãŠæã€ããšãããããªãã®ã§ã¯ãªããæã®æ§é ãæç€ºããç©æ¥µçãªåããããŠããããšãããããŸãã",
"title": "飿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æãæ§æããæç¯ã»é£æç¯ã«ã¯ãæã®äžã§ããäžå®ã®åããæ
ã£ãŠãããã®ããããŸãããã®ãããªæç¯ãŸãã¯é£æç¯ããæåããšèšããŸãã",
"title": "æã®æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°",
"title": "æã®æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããæã¯æ¬¡ã®åã€ã®æåããã§ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "æã®æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãã¡ãè¿°éšã¯æã®äžæ žããªãæåãšããããšãã§ããŸã(åæã»è€æã»éæãåç
§)ãè¿°éšã®(é£)æç¯ã¯ä¿®é£Ÿéš(ç¹ã«è£å
æå)ã«ãã修食ãåããŠããã«å€§ããªãè¿°éšç飿ç¯ãäœããŸããè€æãéæã«èŠãããæã«äŒŒãæåã¯ãã®è¿°éšçãªé£æç¯ã§ãã",
"title": "æã®æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¿°éšãçšèšã§ããå Žåã«ã¯é£çšä¿®é£Ÿã®æåãåããäœèšã§ããå Žåã«ã¯é£äœä¿®é£Ÿã®æåãåãããããã¯æ±ºããŠçŽããŸãããåè©ã¯äœèšã§ããè¿°èªçãªæåã䌎ããšçšèšãšããŠæ¯ãèããŸãã®ã§ããåè©+è¿°èªçèŠçŽ ãã®å
šäœã修食ããæåã¯é£çšä¿®é£Ÿæåã§ããé£äœä¿®é£Ÿã®æåã¯çšèšä»¥å€ã§ã¯å¿
ãé£äœæ Œã®å©è©ãã®ãã䌎ããå€åœ¢äžãé£çšä¿®é£Ÿã®æåãšã¯åºå¥ãããŸãã®ã§ãè¿°éšã®åè©ã ãã修食ããå Žåã¯é£äœä¿®é£Ÿã§ãããã®åºå¥ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãããªæŒ¢èªãµå€åè©ã§ç¢ºèªãããŸãã",
"title": "æã®æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äž»éšã¯ãä¿å©è©ãã¯ããå¯å©è©ã䌎ããäž»é¡ããšåŒã°ããæåããå€ãã®å Žåæ Œå©è©ãããããŸãã¯äžéšæ Œå©è©ãã«ããäŒŽãæ ŒæåããæããŸããä»ã®è¿°éšã®ä¿®é£Ÿæåãšæ¯ã¹ãå Žåãäž»éšã¯æ§æäžã®éç«ã£ãç¹åŸŽã瀺ããŸãã",
"title": "æã®æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã«å ããäžåŠæ ¡ã®åœææ³ã§ã¯ãæ¥ç¶éšããšããæåãæããŠããŸãã ããã«ãæã¯ãè©ããšåŒã°ãã客äœçæåãšãèŸããšåŒã°ããäž»äœçéšåããæãç«ã€ãšèããããŸããããããå
ã¿å
ãŸããšããé¢ä¿ãç¹°ãè¿ãããå
¥ãåæ§é ã(ææèª èš)ããªããŸããææ«ã®â ã¯ãé¶èšå·ããšåŒã°ããèŸã§ãã",
"title": "æã®æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªæ§é ã¯çæææ³ã§çšãããããã©ãã«ä»ãæ¬åŒ§ä»ããã§è¡šããæ§é ãšã»ãŒçãããã®ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "æã®æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æã¯è¿°éšãããã€ããããŠè€æ°ã®å Žåã«ã¯çžäºã«ã©ã®ãããªé¢ä¿ã«ãããã«ãã£ãŠäžã€ã«åé¡ãããŸã(åŠæ ¡ææ³ã§ã¯ãäž»éšãšè¿°éšããšæããŠããŸã)ã è¿°éšãäžã€ã ãæã€æãåæãšãããŸãã",
"title": "åæã»è€æã»éæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¿°éšãè€æ°ããããããã䞊ç«ã®é¢ä¿ãšãªã£ãŠããæãéæãšãããŸãã",
"title": "åæã»è€æã»éæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¿°éšãè€æ°ãããé£äœä¿®é£ŸãŸãã¯é£çšä¿®é£Ÿã®é¢ä¿ã«ããæãè€æãšãããŸãã",
"title": "åæã»è€æã»éæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¿°éšãé£çšåœ¢ãé£çšåœ¢+ãã§ããå Žåã圢ã®äžããã ãã§ã¯äžŠç«ã®é¢ä¿ã修食ã®é¢ä¿ã倿ã§ããªãå ŽåããããŸãã",
"title": "åæã»è€æã»éæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æã¯ãæå
šäœããŸãšããŠèãæã«äŒããæ§åŒã瀺ããé³è¿°ãã®æ§è³ªã«ãã£ãŠåã€ã«åé¡ãããŸãã",
"title": "å¹³åæã»çåæã»åœä»€æã»æåæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããæ
å ±ã«ã€ããŠæå®ããŠèãæã«äŒããŸãã",
"title": "å¹³åæã»çåæã»åœä»€æã»æåæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªæããè¯å®æããšèšããŸããããã«å¯Ÿããããæ
å ±ã«ã€ããŠããããæãç«ã£ãŠããªãããšäŒããæããåŠå®æããšèšããŸãã",
"title": "å¹³åæã»çåæã»åœä»€æã»æåæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ææèª èšã®æ§é ã§ã¯ãããŸããããŸãããã®éšåãé³è¿°ã§ããããããäžå¯§ã»æå®ããäžå¯§ã»åŠå®ãã衚ãããååããŠããŸãããã®é³è¿°ããããããå¯å£«å±±ãèŠãããšããéšåãå
ãã§ãŸãšããæã®æ§è³ªã決ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "å¹³åæã»çåæã»åœä»€æã»æåæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¬¡ã®æã¯ãããæ
å ±ã«ã€ããŠããã®å
容ãæç«ãããåŠããèãæã«å°ããæã§ãã諟åŠçåæããªã©ã®ããã«åŒã°ããŸãã",
"title": "å¹³åæã»çåæã»åœä»€æã»æåæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®çåæã®ãå¯å£«å±±ãããäœããšããäžå®èªã«çœ®ãæãããã®ã¯ãäžå®èªã®éšåã®æ
å ±ãèãæã«å°ããæã§ããçåèªçåæããªã©ã®ããã«åŒã°ããŸãã",
"title": "å¹³åæã»çåæã»åœä»€æã»æåæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥æ¬èªã§ã¯ãçåèªçåæã次ã®ããã«æé ã«ããå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããã",
"title": "å¹³åæã»çåæã»åœä»€æã»æåæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çåæã§ã¯é³è¿°ããŸãããããããããå¯å£«å±±/äœãèŠãããšããéšåãå
ãã§ãŸãšããŠããŸãã",
"title": "å¹³åæã»çåæã»åœä»€æã»æåæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæã¯è¿°éšã®æ§è³ªã«ãã£ãŠåºæ¬çã«ã¯äž»ã«ä»¥äžã®åçš®é¡ã«åé¡ã§ããŸãã",
"title": "åæã®ã¿ã€ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¿°éšã修食ããè£å
æåã«ãã£ãŠããã«æ§ã
ãªãã¿ã³ããšããŸãã",
"title": "åæã®ã¿ã€ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã®æã¯ç¡é¡æãšãããŸãããã®ãããªåæã®äžã€ã®æç¯ãäž»é¡ã«ããããšã«ãã£ãп顿ãäœãããšãã§ããŸãããã®éãäž»é¡ã¯æã®äžçªã¯ããã«æ¥ãŸã(äž»èªä»¥å€ã§å
ã®äœçœ®ã«ããå Žåã¯ãä»ãšå¯Ÿæ¯ããæå³ã匷ããªããŸã)ã",
"title": "åæã®ã¿ã€ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "修食éšã®ãã¡ãè¿°éšãå¿
èŠãšããããããªããšäžè¶³ã ãšæãããããããª(質åãåŒãèµ·ãããããª)ãã®ãè£å
æåãšãããŸãã",
"title": "修食ã®é¢ä¿ïŒè£å
æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è£å
æåã«ã¯åè©å¥ãšåŸå±å¥ããããŸããåè©å¥ã¯æ Œå©è©ã䌎ããŸããåŸå±å¥ã¯åŒçšã®ããšããã£ãŠãã䌎ãå Žåãä¿å©è©ãããã䌎ãå Žåãšã圢åŒåè©ãããšããæºäœå©è©ãã®ãã䌎ã£ãŠåè©å¥çžåœã«ãªãå ŽåããããŸãã",
"title": "修食ã®é¢ä¿ïŒè£å
æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ Œå©è©ããããã«ã(é£äœä¿®é£Ÿæåã®äžã§ãã®ãã)ã䌎ãäž»éšã¯åç«ããç¹æ§ãæã€è£å
æåã®äžã€ãšèããããŸãã",
"title": "修食ã®é¢ä¿ïŒè£å
æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "修食éšã®ãã¡ãæã«ããç¶æ³ã®èª¬æããã詳ããããããã«ä»ãå ãããããå¿
é ã§ã¯ãªãæåã修食æå(ä»å éš)ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "修食ã®é¢ä¿ïŒä¿®é£Ÿæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "修食æåã«ã¯ãé£çšä¿®é£Ÿã§ããã«ãé¢ãããè£å
æåã®ä¿®é£Ÿãè¡ããã®ããããŸãã",
"title": "修食ã®é¢ä¿ïŒä¿®é£Ÿæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è£å©ã®é¢ä¿ã«ããçšèšã¯ãäž»éšã®äžå¿ãšãªãè¿°èªã®æå³ãæ§ã
ãªåœ¢ã§è£ããŸãããã®ãããªçšèšãè£å©çšèšãšãããŸãã",
"title": "è£å©ã®é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è£å©çšèšãšãããè£å©ããè¿°èªã¯ããããç¬ç«ã®æç¯ã§ä¿å©è©ãå¯å©è©ã䌎ãããšãã§ããŸãããæå³çã«ã¯ã²ãšã€ã®æåã§ãããããèªç¹ãæã£ãããããŒãºãå
¥ããŠèªãã ãããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã",
"title": "è£å©ã®é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "圢容è©ãåŠå®ããè£å©åœ¢å®¹è©ã¯ç¬ç«ã®æç¯ãæããŸãã",
"title": "è£å©ã®é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¹ã䌌ãé¢ä¿ã§ããåè©ã®åŠå®ã¯ç¬ç«ã®æç¯ãæãããåŠå®ã®å©åè©ãšããŠåè©ã«åŸæ¥ããŠäžæç¯ã圢æããŸããåè©ã®åŠå®åœ¢ã«ä¿å©è©ãå¯å©è©ãå·®ãæãããšããå Žåã«ã¯ãåè©é£çšåœ¢+圢åŒåè©ã+åŠå®å©åè©ãªãããšãã圢ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "è£å©ã®é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è£å©ã»è¢«è£å©ã®é¢ä¿ã«ããåè©ã«äŒŒãŠãããã®ã®ãçµã³ã€ãã匷ãäžã€ã®èª(è€åèª)ã«ãªã£ããã®ãè€ååè©ãšãããŸããè€ååè©ã¯æç¯ãåããããã«ããããå
¥ããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã",
"title": "è£å©ã®é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è£å©çšèšã®ä»£è¡šçãªãã®ã«ã¯äžã«æããåŠå®ã®è£å©åœ¢å®¹è©ã®ä»ãæå®ã®è£å©åè©ãããã(ãåè©+ã§ãã«ç¶ã)ããã¢ã¹ãã¯ãããšããæéã«é¢ããæå³ãæã€ãã®(ãåè©é£çšåœ¢+ãŠ+ããŸã(ã¡ãã)ããªã©)ãå©çã®ç§»åã«é¢ãããã®(ãåè©é£çšåœ¢+ãŠ+ãããããªã©)ããªã©ããããŸãã",
"title": "è£å©ã®é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "䞊ç«ã®é¢ä¿ãé£äœçãªãã®ãšé£çšçãªãã®ããããŸãã",
"title": "䞊ç«ã®é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é£äœçãªäžŠç«æç¯ãä»ã®äžŠç«æç¯ãšãŸãšããããŠé£çšä¿®é£Ÿã®é£æç¯ãšãªãå Žåãé£çšåœ¢ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "䞊ç«ã®é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è€æ°åœ¢ã¯ããæå³ã§äžŠç«è¡šçŸã®çž®çŽãšèŠãããšãã§ããŸãããè±èªã§ã¯-sãã€ããè€æ°åœ¢ã§ã¯the student A and student Bã®ãããªãã®ãthe studentsãšããŠè¡šããããã«ã¯ä»ã®ã¿ã€ãã®ã²ãšã¯å«ãŸããªãã®ã«ããããŠãæ¥æ¬èªã®ãéãã§ã¯ãåŠçAãšåŠçBãšãã®ä¿è·è
ãã®ãããªãã®ããåŠçéããšããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "䞊ç«ã®é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæ Œã®æç¯ã¯ãå§å©ããããçµå©ãããã§ã¯è£å
æåãšããŠé£çšä¿®é£Ÿã®é¢ä¿ã«ããããã§ãããåæã«ãäž»éšãšäžŠç«ã®é¢ä¿ã«ãããšãèŠãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "䞊ç«ã®é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããäºçªç®ã®å©æããšãã眮ãã眮ããªããã§æ¬¡ã®ãããªéããçŸããŸãã",
"title": "䞊ç«ã®é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "䞊ç«ã®é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæçžåœã®ãã®(ç¯)ã¯è£å
æåãšããŠæã«åã蟌ãŸããŠè€æãäœãããšãã§ããã",
"title": "è€æãšäžå€®åã蟌ã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããšã¯æãèªç±ã«é·ãäœãããšãã§ããããšãä¿èšŒãããããããç¹°ãè¿ããšéåžžã«ãããã«ããæã«ãªãã",
"title": "è€æãšäžå€®åã蟌ã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æã®ãããã«ããã®åå ã¯ã次ã®ããã«äž»éšãšè¿°éšã®éã«è£å
æåã§ããç¯ã次ã
ã«åã蟌ãã ãäžå€®åã蟌ã¿ããšããæ§é ã«ãªã£ãŠããããšã«ããã",
"title": "è€æãšäžå€®åã蟌ã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããã«ãããè§£æ¶ããæ¹æ³ãšããŠãã²ãšã€ã«ã¯äž»éšã®åŸã«èªç¹ãæã€ããšããæ¹æ³ãããã",
"title": "è€æãšäžå€®åã蟌ã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããã ãåã蟌ã¿ãç¹°ãè¿ããšèªç¹ã ãã§ã¯ãããã«ãããåé¿ã§ããªãããã®ãããªå Žåã被修食æåã§ããè¿°éšã®çŽåã«äž»éšãæã£ãŠãããšããæ¹æ³ãããã",
"title": "è€æãšäžå€®åã蟌ã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äž»éšãè¿°éšã®è¿ãã«æã£ãŠãããšããæ¹æ³ã¯ããçãæã§ãè§£éãããããå¢ãè¯ãæ¹æ³ã§ããã",
"title": "è€æãšäžå€®åã蟌ã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "è€æãšäžå€®åã蟌ã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "è€æãšäžå€®åã蟌ã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥æ¬èªã®åºæ¬èªé ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãããªãã®ãšèããããŸãã",
"title": "æ¥æ¬èªã®èªé ã¯èªç±ãªã®ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã§ã次ã®ããã«èªé ãå
¥ãæããå Žåãããããããããæ¥æ¬èªã®èªé ã¯èªç±ã ããšèšãããŸãã",
"title": "æ¥æ¬èªã®èªé ã¯èªç±ãªã®ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããæ¬¡ã®ãããªèªé ã¯èš±ãããŸããã",
"title": "æ¥æ¬èªã®èªé ã¯èªç±ãªã®ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãè¿°éšã®åŸã«é£çšæåãããããšãäž»ç¯ã§ã¯å¯èœã§ãããåŸå±ç¯ã§ã¯äžå¯èœã§ãã",
"title": "æ¥æ¬èªã®èªé ã¯èªç±ãªã®ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®ãããªéå衚çŸã§ã¯ãèªé ãå€ãããšè§£éãå€ãããŸãã",
"title": "æ¥æ¬èªã®èªé ã¯èªç±ãªã®ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªããšãããèªé ã®äº€æ¿ã¯ããæåã®æé ãžã®å眮(ã¹ã¯ã©ã³ããªã³ã°)ã§ããããã®å眮ã¯äžå®ã®å¶çŽã«åŸããšèããããŸãã",
"title": "æ¥æ¬èªã®èªé ã¯èªç±ãªã®ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éæã§ã¯ãå
±éããæåãçç¥ãããå ŽåããããäŸãã°",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒéæãšçç¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããäºã€ã®åæãäžã€ã®éæã«ããå Žåã",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒéæãšçç¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãèšããã",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒéæãšçç¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããããã«ãå
±éãããè²·ã£ãŠããããäžã€ã«ãŸãšããããšãã§ããã ãŸãã",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒéæãšçç¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯ã",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒéæãšçç¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããããã«ä»£çšè¡šçŸã®ããããã䜿ãããšãã§ããã",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒéæãšçç¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããããã«ãŸãšããããšãã§ããã ãŸã",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒéæãšçç¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒéæãšçç¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšä»£çšè¡šçŸããããããã䜿ãããšãã§ããã",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒéæãšçç¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãŸãšããããšãã§ãããããã",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒéæãšçç¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒéæãšçç¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšèšãããšã¯ã§ããªãã ãªããäžã®ãããªçç¥ã§",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒéæãšçç¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãçç¥ããŠ",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒéæãšçç¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããæã«ã¯ã倪éãšæ¬¡éã¯ããããèªåã®ãã£ã¢ã³ã»ã«ãã¹ãããšããè§£éãšã次éã倪éã®ãã£ã¢ã³ã»ã«ãã¹ãããšããè§£éã®äºéããããã",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒéæãšçç¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åèæç®:",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒéæãšçç¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¬¡ã®æã§ã¯ãçç¥ãšäžèŠäŒŒãŠãããæ§è³ªã®ç°ãªããããªæåã®ãªããªãæ¹ãèŠãããã",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒè€æãšåäžåè©å¥åé€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æã¯è€æã§ããããã¡ããã©æ¬¡ã®äºã€ã®åæãçµã¿åããããããªããã¡ãããŠããã",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒè€æãšåäžåè©å¥åé€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããã®å Žåãéæã«èŠãããçç¥ãšã¯ç°ãªãã代çšè¡šçŸã®åºçŸã¯äžå¯èœã§ããã",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒè€æãšåäžåè©å¥åé€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªè€æã§ã¯ã察å¿ããäºã€ã®åæã®äž»éšã®ãã¡ã®çæ¹ãå¿
ããªããªããªããã°ãªããªãããã®ãããªãã®ãåäžåè©å¥åé€ãšããã åäžåè©å¥åé€ã¯ãAé¡åŸå±å¥ãšåŒã°ããåŸå±å¥ã§ã¯äžè¬ã«èŠããããŸãã䜿圹æãªã©ã«ãèŠããããšèããããã Aé¡åŸå±å¥ã«ã¯æ Œå©è©ãããã䌎ãäž»éšãçŸããªãããšäžèŠç¹åŸŽä»ããããšãã§ãããã ããããã¯æ£ãããªããäŸãã°ã身äœã®å
šäœãŒéšåã®é¢ä¿ã«ããäž»éšãè€æ°çŸãããããªåæãããšã«ããå Žåã äžã€ã®äž»éšã ããæ¶ããã",
"title": "çç¥ã¯èªç±ãªã®ãïŒè€æãšåäžåè©å¥åé€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¬¡ã®æãèããŠã¿ããã",
"title": "è€æïŒå¯èœæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æã¯å€çŸ©çã§ãããäžã€ã®è§£éã¯ãå³ãå·Šã®ã©ã¡ãããã€ããããšããŠãã§ããªãããšããè§£éã§ãããããäžã€ã®è§£éã¯ãç®ãã€ããããšãããšã©ãããŠãäž¡ç®ãã€ãã£ãŠããŸãããšããè§£éã§ããããã®æã®ãçç®ã ããã«æ Œå©è©ã®ããããããããã€ãããšãè§£éãåè
ãåŸè
ãã«å®ãŸãã",
"title": "è€æïŒå¯èœæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯å¯å©è©ãã ãããšåŠå®ã®å©åè©ããªããã®é¢ä¿ã®çµã³æ¹ãé¢ãããããã§ãŸãåé¡ã«ããŠããæãè€æã§ãããæ¬¡ã®ãããªåæãçµã¿åããããããªãã®ã§ããããšããç¹ã«æ³šç®ãããã",
"title": "è€æïŒå¯èœæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããã®ãŸãŸçµã¿åããããšæ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªãã",
"title": "è€æïŒå¯èœæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æã®äž»éšã«åäžåè©å¥åé€ãèµ·ãããæ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªãã",
"title": "è€æïŒå¯èœæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æã«ãããã«ããã²ãšã€ããçç®ã ãããšããåäžã®åè©å¥ãåé€ãããªããã°ãªããªããããããã䌎ãåè©å¥ãæ®ã£ãå Žåããã§ããªããã®é£çšä¿®é£Ÿæåãšãªãã",
"title": "è€æïŒå¯èœæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¹ãããã䌎ãåè©å¥ãæ®ã£ãå Žåããã€ãããã®é£çšä¿®é£Ÿæåãšãªãã",
"title": "è€æïŒå¯èœæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "詳现ã¯ããã§ã¯çãããäž¡è
ã®ãã¡ããã€ãããã®é£çšä¿®é£Ÿæåã®å Žåã«ãçç®ã ããããªã=äž¡ç®ããšããè§£éã«ãªãã ããŠã以äžã®è©±ã¯å¯èœã®å©åè©ãæã€æ¬¡ã®ãããªå Žåã«ããã®ãŸãŸããŠã¯ãŸãã",
"title": "è€æïŒå¯èœæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªæã¯åæã®ããã«èŠããããè§£éã®ç¹æ§ãèžãŸãããšè€æãšèããããšãã§ããããŸããäŒçµ±çã«å¯èœã®e/rareã¯ä»ã®å©åè©ãšåãã«ããŽãªãŒã«å«ããããŠããã®ããææèª èšã¯åè©ãšåããè©ãã«æå±ã倿Žãããããå¯èœã®å©åè©ãèªç«ããè¿°éšãšåãããã«è€æãæ§æããç¹ã¯ãã®èããšæãåããããã",
"title": "è€æïŒå¯èœæ"
}
] | æ¥æ¬èªã®æ§æè«ã«ã€ããŠã®æŠç¥ãè¿°ã¹ãã | æ¥æ¬èªã®æ§æè«ã«ã€ããŠã®æŠç¥ãè¿°ã¹ãã
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Sano, Masaki.1989. A Condition on LF Representation, Tsukuba English Studies 8.
Koizumi, Masatoshi. 1998. Phrase Structure in Minimalist Syntax. Hituzi Shobo.
Saito, Mamoru. 1985. MIT doctoral dissertation.
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[[ã«ããŽãª:æ°æ]] | 2005-02-17T21:30:53Z | 2024-02-06T02:36:03Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Pathnav",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Kaimei"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%B2/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E9%A2%A8%E5%9C%9F%E3%81%A8%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F |
1,666 | Perl/æ£èŠè¡šçŸ | Perl > Perl/æ£èŠè¡šçŸ
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"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã®æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ã¯ãããããããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ã»ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãè§æ¬åŒ§ã§å²ãŸããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®3çš®é¡ã®æåã¯ã©ã¹ããããŸãã ãããããæåã¯ã©ã¹ããšããçšèªã¯ããã°ãã°è§æ¬åŒ§ã§å²ãŸãã圢åŒã ããæå³ãããã®ãšããŠäœ¿ãããããšãããã®ã§ãæèã«ããã©ã¡ãã衚ããŠããã®ã泚æãå¿
èŠã§ã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã.ã¯ãããã©ã«ãã§ã¯ããããã¯æ¹è¡ãé€ãå
šãŠã®1æåã«ãããããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããŠç¹æ®ãªæå³ãæã€ä»¥äžã®æåãã¡ã¿ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãšåŒã³ãŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®æåèªèº«ãããããã«ã¯ \\+, \\* ã®ããã«ããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ã§ãšã¹ã±ãŒãããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¢ã³ã«ãŒãšã¯é·ããæããªãæ£èŠè¡šçŸã§ãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "代衚çãªãã®ã«ãæååå
é ã«ããããã ^ãæååæ«å°Ÿã«ããããã $ ããããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æååãWikiãã¯æ€çŽ¢å¯Ÿè±¡ã®å
é ã«ããã®ã§ãããããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æååãbooksãã¯æ€çŽ¢å¯Ÿè±¡ã«å«ãŸããŠå±
ããŸããããããå
é ã«ã¯ç¡ãã®ã§ãããããªãã®ã§ãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»ã«ãåèªã®å¢ç(æ£ç¢ºã«ã¯ãåèªã®å
é ãããã¯æ«å°Ÿ)ã«ããããã \\bããã以å€ã®éšåã«ããããã\\B ããããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸãããã®äœçœ®ã«åè§ã¹ããŒã¹ãŸãã¯åèªã®å
é ãããã¯çµãããããå Žåã«ããããããããšã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "dogã®gã®åŸãã«åè§ã¹ããŒã¹ãããã®ã§ãçµæã¯ãããã§ãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "catã®ãªãã«ãaãããããŸãããäœçœ®ãåèªã®å¢çã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ããããããŸããã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ã»ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãšã¯ãæåã®1æåãããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ã§ããæåã®äžŠã³ã®ããšã§ããPerlã¯ãã®ãããªå€ãã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã«ç¹å¥ãªæå³ãæãããŠããããã®ãã¡ã®ããã€ãã¯æåã¯ã©ã¹ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããã€ãŸã,ãã®æåãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã§å®çŸ©ãããç¹å®ã®æåéåã«å±ããŠããã°,ãããã1ã€ã®æåã«ãããããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "/[ ]/ ã®ããã«ãã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ã®å
åŽããã©ã±ããã§å²ãã éšåã¯è§æ¬åŒ§ã§å²ãŸããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã§ãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "/[ - ]/ ã®ããã«ãæåã¯ã©ã¹/[ ]/ã®äžã«ãããŠãã€ãã³ (-) ãçšããããšã«ãããæåã®ç¯å²ãæå®ããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãã°ã/[a-z]/ ãšæžãã°ãè±èªã®å°æåã«ãããããŸãã(ãªã Perl ã®æ£èŠè¡šçŸã§ã¯ã倧æåãšå°æåãåºå¥ããŸãã)",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã㯠/[0-9]/ ãšæžãã°ãå鲿°ã®æ°åã«ãããããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ãã³ã®åã®æåã¯ãåŸãã®æåãããæåã³ãŒãã«ãããŠåã§ãªããã°ãªããŸããã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ãã³èªäœãæåã¯ã©ã¹ã«å«ããã«ã¯ãæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®äžçªåãäžçªåŸãã«èšè¿°ããããããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ã§ãšã¹ã±ãŒãããŸãã(ãªããWindowsç°å¢ã§ã¯è¡šç€ºã§ãããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ã®ä»£ããã«ãé貚èšå·ã®åããŒã¯ã衚瀺ããããããããŸããã)",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éããã©ã±ãã ([) ã« ^ ãåŸçœ®ãããšãåŠå®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã¯ã©ã¹ã衚çŸããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžžæ¬åŒ§ã§æ¬ã£ãéšåã¯ã°ã«ãŒãåãããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã°ã«ãŒãåããéšåã¯åŸããåç
§ããããšãã§ããŸãããããåŸæ¹åç
§ãšãããŸãã åãæ£èŠè¡šçŸå
ã§åŸæ¹åç
§ãè¡ãã«ã¯ã\\1, \\2... ãçšããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããæ£èŠè¡šçŸå€ã§åŸæ¹åç
§ãè¡ãã«ã¯ãã¹ã«ã©ãŒå€æ° $1, $2... ãçšããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "瞊ç·ãçšãããšæ£èŠè¡šçŸãéžæããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèšã®æžåŒäŸã§ã¯ã^ ã $ ã | ãããåªå
é äœãé«ããããabc ã§å§ãŸãæååã def ã§çµããæååã«ãããããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
é ãšæ«å°Ÿã®äž¡æ¹ã«æ¥ããã\"abc\"ãã ã\"def\"ãã ãã«ããããããã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«ããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "s///æŒç®åãçšãããšãæååã®çœ®æãè¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "m//ãšåãããã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ä»¥å€ã®èšå·ãçšããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã®ã¡ã¿ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒããããã¯ãã¿ãŒã³ããããã®ãã®ã®æ¯ãèããå€ããããã«ã修食åãæå®ããããšãã§ããŸããããšãã°ãæ£èŠè¡šçŸãã¢ã«ãã¡ãããã®å€§æåå°æåãåºå¥ããã«ãããããããã«ããããã«ã¯ã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«ãæåŸã®ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥(ãããã¯äœããã®èšå·)ã®åŸã«ãi修食åãä»å ããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "x修食åãä»ãããšæ£èŠè¡šçŸå
ã®ç©ºçœãæ¹è¡ãç¡èŠãããã#ã以éã¯ã³ã¡ã³ããšããŠæ±ãããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãABCããã[0-9]ããã.*?ãã®ããã«ãäœãã«ãããããæ£èŠè¡šçŸã®æ§æãã¢ãã ãšãããŸããæåŸã®ã.*?ãã¯ãã¢ãã ã.ãã«éæå®åã*ããã?ããä»ãããã®ã§ãç¹ã«éæå®åä»ãã¢ãã ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã^ããã$ããã|ãã®ããã«ãäœãã«ãããããããã§ã¯ãªãæ£èŠè¡šçŸã®æ§æãã¢ãµãŒã·ã§ã³ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã®æ§æã¯åºæ¬çã«ã¢ãã ãšã¢ãµãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ã©ã¡ããã«åããããŸãããã ãã\\Qã\\Eã\\uã\\Uã®ãããªç¹æ®ãªã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã¯ã¢ãã ã§ãã¢ãµãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ããããŸããããããã¯æ§æã®ãµããŸããå€ãããã®ã§ãã",
"title": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(?:...)ã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ã¿å(æ£èŠè¡šçŸããŸãšããããš)ã®ã¿ã«äœ¿ãããã«ãã³ã§ãããã£ããã£ãè¡ããªãããããããããéšåãæ£èŠè¡šçŸã®äžã§\\1ã\\2ã®ããã«åç
§ããããåŸãã$1ã$2ã®ãããªå€æ°ã§åç
§ãããããããšãã§ããŸããããã£ããã£ãè¡ãå¿
èŠããªãå Žåã¯ããã®ã«ãã³ã䜿ãããšã§å¹çåãå³ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡åŒµæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«ã¯imsx修食åãä»ããããšãã§ããŸããi修食åãä»ããã«ã¯ãi-msx(iãæå®ãmsxãæå®ããªã)ãšããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡åŒµæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åã«ä¿®é£Ÿåãæå¹ãŸãã¯ç¡å¹ã«ããããã ãã«ãã®ã«ãã³ã䜿ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡åŒµæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãã¯ã¢ã©ãŠã³ãã¢ãµãŒã·ã§ã³ãšã¯ãçŽåŸãŸãã¯çŽåã«ãã¿ãŒã³ãåºçŸããããšããããã¯åºçŸããªãããšã確èªãã確èªããã ãã§äœã«ããããããªãã¢ãµãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ãã",
"title": "æ¡åŒµæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽåŸã«PATTERNãåºçŸããããšã確èªããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡åŒµæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽåŸã«PATTERNãåºçŸããªãããšã確èªããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡åŒµæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®äŸã§ã¯ãã&ã以å€ã®ã&ãããã¹ãŠã&ãã«çœ®æããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡åŒµæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽåã«PATTERNãåºçŸããããšã確èªããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡åŒµæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽåã«PATTERNãåºçŸããªãããšã確èªããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡åŒµæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ãã©ãã¯ããªãPATTRENã«ã®ã¿ãããããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡åŒµæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(?{ CODE })ãšãã圢ã§ãæ£èŠè¡šçŸã®äžã«Perlã®ã³ãŒããåã蟌ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡åŒµæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(??{ CODE })ãšãã圢ã§ã¯ãCODEãè©äŸ¡ããçµæåŸãããæ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡åŒµæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã®æ¡ä»¶æŒç®å?:ã®ããã«ãæ¡ä»¶ãçãåœãã§ãããããããã¿ãŒã³ãå€ããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡åŒµæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã¯",
"title": "æ¡åŒµæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CONDãçã®å Žåã¯TRUEãåœã®å Žåã¯FALSEã®ãã¿ãŒã³ã«ãããããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡åŒµæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ¡åŒµæ§æ"
}
] | Perl > Perl/æ£èŠè¡šçŸ Perlã¯åŒ·å㪠æ£èŠè¡šçŸ ããµããŒãããŠããŸããæ£èŠè¡šçŸãšã¯ã倧ãŸãã«ãããšãæ€çŽ¢ã®æ©èœãé«åºŠåãããããããã®ã§ããPerl以å€ã®JavaãJavaSciptãPHPãªã©ãæ£èŠè¡šçŸããµããŒãããŠããŸãããPerlã¯å€ãããæ£èŠè¡šçŸãæ¬æ Œçã«ãµããŒãããŠããŸãã
ãŸããPerlã®æ¡åŒµæ£èŠè¡šçŸã¯ãPerl Compatible Regular Expressions( PCRE ) ãšããŠPerlã®å€ã§ã䜿ãããšãã§ãããããæ£èŠè¡šçŸã®ãã£ãã¡ã¯ãã¹ã¿ã³ããŒãã®ïŒã€ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã | <noinclude>
{{Nav}}
{{Pathnav|Perl}}
----
</noinclude>
<includeonly>
= æ£èŠè¡šçŸ =
{{å
é ã«æ»ã}}
</includeonly>
{{Main|[https://perldoc.perl.org/5.36.0/perlre perlre(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/docs/perl/5.36.0/perlre.pod perlre(ja)]}}
Perlã¯åŒ·å㪠[[æ£èŠè¡šçŸ]] ããµããŒãããŠããŸããæ£èŠè¡šçŸãšã¯ã倧ãŸãã«ãããšãæ€çŽ¢ã®æ©èœãé«åºŠåãããããããã®ã§ããPerl以å€ã®JavaãJavaSciptãPHPãªã©ãæ£èŠè¡šçŸããµããŒãããŠããŸãããPerlã¯å€ãããæ£èŠè¡šçŸãæ¬æ Œçã«ãµããŒãããŠããŸãã
ãŸããPerlã®æ¡åŒµæ£èŠè¡šçŸã¯ã[[W:Perl Compatible Regular Expressions|Perl Compatible Regular Expressions]]( PCRE ) ãšããŠPerlã®å€ã§ã䜿ãããšãã§ãããããæ£èŠè¡šçŸã®ãã£ãã¡ã¯ãã¹ã¿ã³ããŒãã®ïŒã€ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã
== ãã¿ãŒã³ãããã³ã° ==
=== =~ ===
äºé
æŒç®å <code>=~</code> ã¯ã巊蟺ã®ã¹ã«ã©ãŒåŒãå³èŸºã®ãã¿ãŒã³ãããã«ææããŸãã
æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«é¢ããæäœã§ã¯ãããã©ã«ãã§ <code>$_</code> ãšããæååãæ€çŽ¢ããã倿ŽãããããŸãã
ãã®æŒç®åã¯ããã®ãããªæäœãä»ã®æååã«å¯ŸããŠè¡ãããã«ããŸãã
å³èŸºã¯ãæ€çŽ¢ãã¿ãŒã³ (<code>//</code>)ã眮æ (<code>s///</code>)ããŸãã¯å€æ (<code>tr///</code>) ã§ãã
巊蟺ã¯ãããã©ã«ãã® <code>$_</code> ã®ä»£ããã«æ€çŽ¢ã眮æããŸãã¯å€æãããã¯ãã®ãã®ã§ãã
ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã³ã³ããã¹ãã§äœ¿çšããå Žåãè¿ãå€ã¯éåžžæäœã®æåã衚ããŸãã
ãªã¹ãã³ã³ããã¹ãã§ã®åäœã¯ãç¹å®ã®æŒç®åã«äŸåããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/dF7qJtYsYaCJO5AdHDXVYw?language=perl æ€çŽ¢]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
if ("Wikibooks" =~ /book/) {
print "Match!";
} else {
print "Not match.";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang="text">
Match!
</syntaxhighlight>
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$æ€çŽ¢å¯Ÿè±¡ã®å€æ° =~ /æ€çŽ¢ãããæåå/
</syntaxhighlight>
:æ€çŽ¢ãããæååãã倿°ãå
éšã«å«ãã§ãããã©ããã調ã¹ãéã«ã <code>=~</code> ããã³ <code>/RE/</code> ã䜿ããŸããäžèšã®ã³ãŒãã¯çåœãè¿ãã®ã§ãäž»ã«æ¡ä»¶åå²ãè¡ãéã«çšããããŸãã
=== !~ ===
<code>!~</code>ã¯ã<code>=~</code>ã®è«çå転ããŒãžã§ã³ã§ãã
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
if ("Wikibooks" !~ /books/) {
print "Not match.";
} else {
print "Match!";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Match!
</syntaxhighlight>
:<code>/.../</code> å
ã§ã¯ããã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ (<code>"..."</code>) ãšåããã倿°ããšã¹ã±ãŒãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãè©äŸ¡ãããŸãã
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$bar = "books";
"Wikibooks" =~ /$bar/ # ãããããã
</syntaxhighlight>
=== 眮æ ===
<code>=~</code>æŒç®åã䜿çšãããšãå³èŸºã« <code>s///</code> ãåãããšã§å·ŠèŸºã®æååã眮æããããšãã§ããŸãã
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my $string = "Hello, world!";
$string =~ s/world/Perl/; # "world"ã"Perl"ã«çœ®æ
print $string; # åºå㯠"Hello, Perl!"
</syntaxhighlight>
äžèšã®äŸã§ã¯ã<code>$string</code>å
ã® "world" ã "Perl" ã«çœ®æããŠããŸãã
=== 倿 ===
<code>=~</code>æŒç®åã䜿çšãããšãå³èŸºã« <code>tr///</code> ãåãããšã§å·ŠèŸºã®æååã倿ããããšãã§ããŸãã
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my $string = "hello world";
$string =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/; # ã¢ã«ãã¡ãããã倧æåã«å€æ
print $string; # åºå㯠"HELLO WORLD"
</syntaxhighlight>
ãã®äŸã§ã¯ã<code>$string</code>å
ã®ã¢ã«ãã¡ããããå°æåãã倧æåã«å€æããŠããŸãã
=== ãã¿ãŒã³ã®åºåãæå ===
<code>m</code> ãå眮ãããšæ£èŠè¡šçŸãå²ãèšå·ã«ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ä»¥å€ãçšããããšãã§ããŸãã
<code>[ ]</code>, <code>( )</code>, <code>< ></code>, <code>{ }</code> ãªã©ã®æ¬åŒ§ã¯éãæ¬åŒ§ãšéãæ¬åŒ§ã察å¿ããããã«çšããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$foo =~ m/bar/;
$foo =~ m#bar#;
$foo =~ m@bar@;
$foo =~ m!bar!;
$foo =~ m{bar};
$foo =~ m(bar);
</syntaxhighlight>
å²ã¿èšå·ã«ã·ã³ã°ã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãçšãããšã倿°ããšã¹ã±ãŒãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãè©äŸ¡ãããã®ãé²ãããšãã§ããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$foo = "books";
"Wikibooks" =~ m/$foo/; # ããããã
"Wikibooks" =~ m'$foo'; # ãããããªã
</syntaxhighlight>
== æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®æ§æãšäœ¿ç𿹿³ ==
æåã¯ã©ã¹ã¯ãæåã®éåã衚çŸãããã®éåã®äžã®1æåã«ãããããæ¹æ³ã§ãã
éèŠãªã®ã¯ãæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®ãããã³ã°ããœãŒã¹æååã®ã¡ããã©1æåãæ¶è²»ãããšããããšã§ãïŒãœãŒã¹æååãšã¯ãæ£èŠè¡šçŸãããããããæååã®ããšã§ãïŒã
=== æåã¯ã©ã¹ ===
Perlã®æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ã¯ã[[#ããã|ããã]]ã[[#ããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ã»ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹|ããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ã»ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹]]ã[[#è§æ¬åŒ§ã§å²ãŸããæåã¯ã©ã¹|è§æ¬åŒ§ã§å²ãŸããæåã¯ã©ã¹]]ã®3çš®é¡ã®æåã¯ã©ã¹ããããŸãã
ãããããæåã¯ã©ã¹ããšããçšèªã¯ããã°ãã°è§æ¬åŒ§ã§å²ãŸãã圢åŒã ããæå³ãããã®ãšããŠäœ¿ãããããšãããã®ã§ãæèã«ããã©ã¡ãã衚ããŠããã®ã泚æãå¿
èŠã§ãã
=== ããã ===
ããã <code>.</code> ã¯ãããã©ã«ãã§ã¯ãæ¹è¡ãé€ãå
šãŠã®1æåã«ãããããŸãã
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
if ("dog cat" =~ /..g/) {
print "Match!";
} else {
print "Not match.";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Match!
</syntaxhighlight>
: äŸãã°ãã..gãã¯æååã®æ«å°Ÿã "g" ã§ãã3æåã®åèªïŒä»ã®2æåç®ã¯ä»»æïŒã«ãããããŸãããããã£ãŠã"dog" ã¯ãã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºããã®ã§ãããããŸãã
: ãããããããã1ã€è¿œå ããå ŽåããããããªããªããŸãããªããªãã"g" ã®åã«ã¯2æåãããªãããã§ãã
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
if ("dog cat" =~ /...g/) {
print "Match!";
} else {
print "Not match.";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Not Match.
</syntaxhighlight>
: dogã®ãgãã®åã«ã¯1æå以äžã®æåãããã®ã§ããããã1ã€ã§ããããããŸãã
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
if ("dog cat" =~ /.g/) {
print "Match!";
} else {
print "Not match.";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Match!
</syntaxhighlight>
=== ã¡ã¿ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒ ===
æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããŠç¹æ®ãªæå³ãæã€ä»¥äžã®æåã'''ã¡ã¿ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒ'''ãšåŒã³ãŸãã
+ * ? . ( ) [ ] { } | \ $ ^
ãããã®æåèªèº«ã衚ãã«ã¯ <code>\+</code>, <code>\*</code> ã®ããã«ããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ã§ãšã¹ã±ãŒãããŸãã
=== ã¢ã³ã«ãŒ ===
ãã¢ã³ã«ãŒããšã¯é·ããæããªãæ£èŠè¡šçŸã§ãã
代衚çãªãã®ã«ãæååå
é ã«ããããã <code>^</code>ãæååæ«å°Ÿã«ããããã <code>$</code> ããããŸãã
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
"Wikibooks" =~ /^Wiki/; # ããããã
"Wikibooks" =~ /books$/; # ããããã
"Wikibooks" =~ /Wiki$/; # ãããããªã
</syntaxhighlight>
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
if ("Wikibooks" =~ /^Wiki/) {
print "Match!";
} else {
print "Not match.";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Match!
</syntaxhighlight>
æååãWikiãã¯æ€çŽ¢å¯Ÿè±¡ã®å
é ã«ããã®ã§ãããããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
if ("Wikibooks" =~ /^books/) {
print "Match!";
} else {
print "Not match.";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Not Match.
</syntaxhighlight>
æååãbooksãã¯æ€çŽ¢å¯Ÿè±¡ã«å«ãŸããŠããŸãããå
é ã«ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãããããŸããã
ä»ã«ãåèªã®å¢çïŒæ£ç¢ºã«ã¯ãåèªã®å
é ãããã¯æ«å°ŸïŒã«ããããã <code>\b</code>ããã以å€ã®éšåã«ããããã <code>\B</code> ããããŸããã€ãŸãããã®äœçœ®ã«åè§ã¹ããŒã¹ãŸãã¯åèªã®å
é ãããã¯çµãããããå Žåã«ãããããŸãã
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
"dog cat" =~ /a\b/; # ãããããªã
"dog cat" =~ /g\b/; # ããããã
</syntaxhighlight>
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
if ("dog cat" =~ /g\b/) {
print "Match!";
} else {
print "Not match.";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Match!
</syntaxhighlight>
dogã®gã®åŸãã«åè§ã¹ããŒã¹ãããã®ã§ãçµæã¯ãããã§ãã
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
if ("dog cat" =~ /a\b/) {
print "Match!";
} else {
print "Not match.";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Not Match.
</syntaxhighlight>
catã®ãªãã«ãaãããããŸãããäœçœ®ãåèªã®å¢çã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ããããããŸããã
=== ããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ã»ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ ===
ããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ã»ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãšã¯ãæåã®1æåãããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ã§ããæåã®äžŠã³ã®ããšã§ããPerlã¯ãã®ãããªå€ãã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã«ç¹å¥ãªæå³ãæãããŠããããã®ãã¡ã®ããã€ãã¯æåã¯ã©ã¹ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããã€ãŸãïŒãã®æåãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã§å®çŸ©ãããç¹å®ã®æåéåã«å±ããŠããã°ïŒãããã1ã€ã®æåã«ãããããŸãã
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+ ããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ã»ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹
! èšå· !! æå³
|-
! <code>\d</code>
| 10鲿°æåã«ãããããŸãã
|-
! <code>\D</code>
| 10é²ã§ãªãæ¡ã®æåã«ãããããŸãã
|-
! <code>\w</code>
| åèªæåã«ãããããŸãã
|-
! <code>\W</code>
| åèªä»¥å€ã®æåã«ãããããŸãã
|-
! <code>\s</code>
| ç©ºçœæåã«ãããããŸãã
|-
! <code>\S</code>
| éç©ºçœæåã«ãããããŸãã
|-
! <code>\h</code>
| 暪ã®ç©ºçœæåã«ãããããŸãã
|-
! <code>\H</code>
| 暪æžã以å€ã®æåã«ãããããŸãã
|-
! <code>\v</code>
| 瞊æžãç©ºçœæåã«ãããããŸãã
|-
! <code>\V</code>
| 瞊æžã空çœã§ãªãæåã«ãããããŸãã
|-
! <code>\N</code>
| æ¹è¡ã§ãªãæåã«ãããããŸãã
|-
! <code>\pP</code>,<code>\p{Prop}</code>
| æå®ããã Unicode ããããã£ãæã€æåã«ãããããŸãã
|-
! <code>\PP</code>,<code>P{Ptop}</code>
| æå®ããã Unicode ããããã£ãæããªãæåã«ãããããŸãã
|}
=== è§æ¬åŒ§ã§å²ãŸããæåã¯ã©ã¹ ===
<code>[]</code> ã®å
åŽããã©ã±ããã§å²ãã éšåã¯ãè§æ¬åŒ§ã§å²ãŸããæåã¯ã©ã¹ãã§ãã
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
"Wikibooks" =~ /[abc]/ # a ãš c ã¯å«ãŸããªãããb ã¯å«ãŸããã®ã§ããããã
</syntaxhighlight>
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
if ("Wikibooks" =~ /[abc]/) {
print "Match!";
} else {
print "Not match.";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Match!
</syntaxhighlight>
* æåã¯ã©ã¹ã®ãã€ãã³
<code>[]</code> ã®äžã§ãã€ãã³ <code>-</code> ã䜿ãããšã§ãæåã®ç¯å²ãæå®ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ããšãã°ã<nowiki>/[a-z]/</nowiki> ãšæžãã°ãè±èªã®å°æåã«ãããããŸãã(ãªã Perl ã®æ£èŠè¡šçŸã§ã¯ã倧æåãšå°æåãåºå¥ããŸãã)
ããã㯠<nowiki>/[0-9]/</nowiki> ãšæžãã°ãå鲿°ã®æ°åã«ãããããŸãã
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$foo =~ /[abc]/;
$foo =~ /[a-c]/; # äžã®æãšç䟡
$foo =~ /[01234]/;
$foo =~ /[0-4]/; # äžã®æãšç䟡
</syntaxhighlight>
ãã€ãã³ã®åã®æåã¯ãåŸãã®æåãããæåã³ãŒãã«ãããŠåã§ãªããã°ãªããŸããã
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$foo =~ /[b-a]/; # ãšã©ãŒ
$foo =~ /[5-3]/; # ãšã©ãŒ
$foo =~ /[a-3]/; # ãšã©ãŒ
</syntaxhighlight>
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
if ("Wikibooks" =~ /[a-c]/) {
print "Match!ggg";
} else {
print "Not matchggg.";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Match!
</syntaxhighlight>
;;ãšã¹ã±ãŒã
ãã€ãã³èªäœãæåã¯ã©ã¹ã«å«ããã«ã¯ãæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®äžçªåãäžçªåŸãã«èšè¿°ããããããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ã§ãšã¹ã±ãŒãããŸãã(ãªããWindowsç°å¢ã§ã¯è¡šç€ºã§ãããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ã®ä»£ããã«ãé貚èšå·ã®åããŒã¯ã衚瀺ããããããããŸããã)
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$foo =~ /[-ab]/; # ãã€ãã³ãŸã㯠a ã b ã«ããããã
$foo =~ /[ab-]/; # äžã®æãšç䟡
$foo =~ /[a\-b]/; # äžã®æãšç䟡
</syntaxhighlight>
éããã©ã±ãã ({{tt|[}}) ã« {{tt|^}} ãåŸçœ®ãããšã'''åŠå®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã¯ã©ã¹'''ã衚çŸããããšãã§ããŸãã
;åŠå®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ã¯ã©ã¹:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$foo =~ /[^0-9]/; # æ°å以å€ã«ããããã
</syntaxhighlight>
=== ã°ã«ãŒãå ===
äžžæ¬åŒ§ã§æ¬ã£ãéšåã¯'''ã°ã«ãŒãå'''ãããŸãã
ã°ã«ãŒãåããéšåã¯åŸããåç
§ããããšãã§ããŸããããã'''åŸæ¹åç
§'''ãšãããŸãã
åãæ£èŠè¡šçŸå
ã§åŸæ¹åç
§ãè¡ãã«ã¯ã{{tt|\1}}, {{tt|\2}}... ãçšããŸãã
;åŸæ¹åç
§:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$foo =~ /(abc)\1/; # abc ã2åé£ç¶ããæååã«ããããã
</syntaxhighlight>
ãŸããæ£èŠè¡šçŸå€ã§åŸæ¹åç
§ãè¡ãã«ã¯ãã¹ã«ã©ãŒå€æ° {{tt|$1}}, {{tt|$2}}... ãçšããŸãã
;$1ãã€ãã£ãäžèŽéšååç
§:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
"Wikibooks" =~ /(wiki)/i;
print $1; # 'Wiki' ãšåºåãããã
</syntaxhighlight>
=== éžæ ===
瞊ç·ãçšãããšæ£èŠè¡šçŸãéžæããããšãã§ããŸãã
;ãã¿ãŒã³ã®éžæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$foo =~ /abc|def/; # abc ããã㯠def ã«ããããã
</syntaxhighlight>
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$foo = "defabc" ;
if ($foo =~ /abc|def/) {
print "Match!";
} else {
print "Not match.";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Match!
</syntaxhighlight>
äžèšã®æžåŒäŸã§ã¯ã{{tt|^}} ã {{tt|$}} ã {{tt|{{!}}}} ãããåªå
é äœãé«ããããabc ã§å§ãŸãæååã def ã§çµããæååã«ãããããŸãã
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$foo =~ /^abc|def$/;
</syntaxhighlight>
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$foo = "defabc" ;
if ($foo =~ /^abc|def$/) {
print "Match!";
} else {
print "Not match.";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Not Match.
</syntaxhighlight>
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$foo = "abcdef" ;
if ($foo =~ /^abc|def$/) {
print "Match!";
} else {
print "Not match.";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Match!
</syntaxhighlight>
å
é ãšæ«å°Ÿã®äž¡æ¹ã«æ¥ããã"abc"ãã ã"def"ãã ãã«ããããããã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«ããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
# ã«ãã³ã§äž¡é
ãšãã¯ã¯ãæ¹åŒ
$foo =~ /^(abc|def)$/;
# ãããã¯åé
ã«å±éããæ¹åŒ
$foo =~ /^abc$|^def$/;
</syntaxhighlight>
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$foo = "defabc" ;
if ($foo =~ /^abc$|^def$/) {
print "Match!";
} else {
print "Not match.";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Not Match.
</syntaxhighlight>
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$foo = "def" ;
if ($foo =~ /^abc$|^def$/) {
print "Match!";
} else {
print "Not match.";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Match!
</syntaxhighlight>
;ã³ãŒãäŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$foo = "def555" ;
if ($foo =~ /^abc$|^def$/) {
print "Match!";
} else {
print "Not match.";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Not Match.
</syntaxhighlight>
=== 眮ãæã ===
s///æŒç®åãçšãããšãæååã®çœ®æãè¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$str = "Wikibooks";
$str =~ s/books/pedia/; # $str 㯠"Wikipedia" ã«ãªã
</syntaxhighlight>
m//ãšåãããã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ä»¥å€ã®èšå·ãçšããããšãã§ããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
<pre><nowiki>$foo =~ s/foo/bar/;
$foo =~ s#foo#bar#;
$foo =~ s@foo@bar@;
$foo =~ s!foo!bar!;
$foo =~ s{foo}{bar};
$foo =~ s(foo)(bar);</nowiki></pre>
</syntaxhighlight>
=== 修食å ===
æ£èŠè¡šçŸã®ã¡ã¿ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒããããã¯ãã¿ãŒã³ããããã®ãã®ã®æ¯ãèããå€ããããã«ã修食åãæå®ããããšãã§ããŸããããšãã°ãæ£èŠè¡šçŸãã¢ã«ãã¡ãããã®å€§æåå°æåãåºå¥ããã«ãããããããã«ããããã«ã¯ã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
m/^perl$/i; # perlãPerlãPERLãPeRlãpErLãªã©ã«ãããããã
</syntaxhighlight>
ã®ããã«ãæåŸã®ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ïŒãããã¯äœããã®èšå·ïŒã®åŸã«ãi修食åãä»å ããŸãã
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Perlã®æ£èŠè¡šçŸã®ä¿®é£Ÿå
! i
| 倧æåå°æåã®åäžèŠ (case-'''i'''nsensitive)
|-
! s
| ã.ããæ¹è¡ã«ããããããããã«ãã ('''s'''ingle line)
|-
! m
| è€æ°è¡ãšããŠæ±ã ('''m'''ulti-line)
|-
! x
| æ¡åŒµæ£èŠè¡šçŸã䜿ã ('''ex'''tended)
|-
! e
| Perlã®ã³ãŒããšããŠè©äŸ¡ãã ('''e'''valuation)
|-
! ee
| Perlã®ã³ãŒããšããŠ2åè©äŸ¡ãã ('''e'''valuation and '''e'''valuation)
|-
! g
| é£ç¶ããŠäœåãããã ('''g'''lobal)
|-
! o
| äžåºŠã ãã³ã³ãã€ã«ãã ('''o'''nly '''o'''nce)
|-
|}
=== æ¡åŒµæ£èŠè¡šçŸ ===
x修食åãä»ãããšæ£èŠè¡šçŸå
ã®ç©ºçœãæ¹è¡ãç¡èŠãããã#ã以éã¯ã³ã¡ã³ããšããŠæ±ãããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
# 1ãšåºå
print 1 if "Apple" =~ /
A
p
p
l
e
/x;
</syntaxhighlight>
=== ã¢ãã ãšã¢ãµãŒã·ã§ã³ ===
ãABCããã[0-9]ããã.*?ãã®ããã«ãäœãã«ãããããæ£èŠè¡šçŸã®æ§æã'''ã¢ãã '''ãšãããŸããæåŸã®ã.*?ãã¯ãã¢ãã ã.ãã«éæå®åã*ããã?ããä»ãããã®ã§ãç¹ã«'''éæå®åä»ãã¢ãã '''ãšãããŸãã
ã^ããã$ããã|ãã®ããã«ãäœãã«ãããããããã§ã¯ãªãæ£èŠè¡šçŸã®æ§æã'''ã¢ãµãŒã·ã§ã³'''ãšãããŸãã
æ£èŠè¡šçŸã®æ§æã¯åºæ¬çã«ã¢ãã ãšã¢ãµãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ã©ã¡ããã«åããããŸãããã ãã\Qã\Eã\uã\Uã®ãããªç¹æ®ãªã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã¯ã¢ãã ã§ãã¢ãµãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ããããŸããããããã¯æ§æã®ãµããŸããå€ãããã®ã§ãã
== æ¡åŒµæ§æ ==
=== ã³ã¡ã³ã ===
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
/(?#ããã¯ã³ã¡ã³ã)/
</syntaxhighlight>
=== ã¯ã©ã¹ã¿åå°çšã«ãã³ ===
(?:...)ã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ã¿åïŒæ£èŠè¡šçŸããŸãšããããšïŒã®ã¿ã«äœ¿ãããã«ãã³ã§ãããã£ããã£ãè¡ããªãããããããããéšåãæ£èŠè¡šçŸã®äžã§\1ã\2ã®ããã«åç
§ããããåŸãã$1ã$2ã®ãããªå€æ°ã§åç
§ãããããããšãã§ããŸããããã£ããã£ãè¡ãå¿
èŠããªãå Žåã¯ããã®ã«ãã³ã䜿ãããšã§å¹çåãå³ãããšãã§ããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
"Apple" =~ /^(?:Apple|Banana|Cherry)$/; # AppleãBananaãCherryã«ããã
</syntaxhighlight>
ããã«ã¯imsx修食åãä»ããããšãã§ããŸããi修食åãä»ããã«ã¯ãi-msxïŒiãæå®ãmsxãæå®ããªãïŒãšããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
"aPpLe" =~ /^(?i-msx:Apple|Banana|Cherry)$/;
</syntaxhighlight>
åã«ä¿®é£Ÿåãæå¹ãŸãã¯ç¡å¹ã«ããããã ãã«ãã®ã«ãã³ã䜿ãããšãã§ããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
/A(?i-msx)B/; # Aã¯å€§æåå°æåãåºå¥ããããBã¯åºå¥ããªã
</syntaxhighlight>
=== ã«ãã¯ã¢ã©ãŠã³ãã¢ãµãŒã·ã§ã³ ===
'''ã«ãã¯ã¢ã©ãŠã³ãã¢ãµãŒã·ã§ã³'''ãšã¯ãçŽåŸãŸãã¯çŽåã«ãã¿ãŒã³ãåºçŸããããšããããã¯åºçŸããªãããšã確èªãã確èªããã ãã§äœã«ããããããªãã¢ãµãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ãã
* è¯å®å
èªã¿
çŽåŸã«''PATTERN''ãåºçŸããããšã確èªããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
/(?=PATTERN)/
</syntaxhighlight>
* åŠå®å
èªã¿
çŽåŸã«''PATTERN''ãåºçŸããªãããšã確èªããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
/(?!PATTERN)/
</syntaxhighlight>
次ã®äŸã§ã¯ãã&amp;ã以å€ã®ã&ãããã¹ãŠã&amp;ãã«çœ®æããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$str =~ s/&(?!amp;)/&/g;
</syntaxhighlight>
* è¯å®åŸèªã¿
çŽåã«''PATTERN''ãåºçŸããããšã確èªããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
/(?<=PATTERN)/
</syntaxhighlight>
* åŠå®åŸèªã¿
çŽåã«''PATTERN''ãåºçŸããªãããšã確èªããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
/(?<!PATTERN)/
</syntaxhighlight>
=== éããã¯ãã©ãã¯ãµããã¿ãŒã³ ===
ããã¯ãã©ãã¯ããªã''PATTREN''ã«ã®ã¿ãããããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
(?>PATTERN)
</syntaxhighlight>
=== ã³ãŒããµããã¿ãŒã³ ===
(?{ ''CODE'' })ãšãã圢ã§ãæ£èŠè¡šçŸã®äžã«Perlã®ã³ãŒããåã蟌ãããšãã§ããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
/(?{ print "Hello, world!\n" })/; # Hello, world!ãšè¡šç€º
</syntaxhighlight>
(??{ ''CODE'' })ãšãã圢ã§ã¯ã''CODE''ãè©äŸ¡ããçµæåŸãããæ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ãããããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
"ABC" =~ /^(??{ "A"."B"."C" })$/; # ABCã«ããããã
</syntaxhighlight>
=== æ¡ä»¶ä»ãå±é ===
Perlã®æ¡ä»¶æŒç®å?:ã®ããã«ãæ¡ä»¶ãçãåœãã§ãããããããã¿ãŒã³ãå€ããããšãã§ããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
/(?(COND)TRUE|FALSE)/
</syntaxhighlight>
ãŸãã¯
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
/(?(COND)TRUE)/
</syntaxhighlight>
''COND''ãçã®å Žåã¯''TRUE''ãåœã®å Žåã¯''FALSE''ã®ãã¿ãŒã³ã«ãããããŸãã
===倿===
{{Nav}}
<noinclude>
{{DEFAULTSORT:Perl ãããã²ãããã}}
[[Category:Perl|ãããã²ãããã]]
[[ã«ããŽãª:æ£èŠè¡šçŸ]]
{{stub}}
</noinclude> | 2005-02-20T13:24:27Z | 2024-02-09T01:49:01Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Nav",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Pathnav",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Main",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Tt",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Stub"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/Perl/%E6%AD%A3%E8%A6%8F%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE |
1,678 | OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é ã·ãªãŒãºå
ç»åãã3Dåæ§æåäœæã«å¿
èŠãªé åãæãåºã | ^ >
1) 察象ãšããã·ãªãŒãºãéããŠãROI ã¡ãã¥ãŒããâClosed polygonâ ãéžæããŸã:
2) Thick Slab é
ç®ãèšå®ããŸã:
3) èšå®ããThick Slab åäžã«ROI ç¯å²ãäœæããŸã:
4) âCtrl-Sâ ããŒãããã¯ROI ã¡ãã¥ãŒã®âPropagate to current Thick Slabâ ãéžæããŠãäœæããROI ç¯å²ãçŸåšã®Thick Slab åã«é©çšã»ç¢ºå®ããŸã:
5) âCtrl-Leftâ ããŒãããã¯å³ç¢å°ããŒã§æ¬¡ã®Thick Slab åã衚瀺ããŸã:
6) åæ§ã«ããŠãæåŸã®ç»åãŸã§ROI ç¯å²ãäœæãé©çšã»ç¢ºå®ããŠãããŸã:
7) ãããã®ROIs ç¯å²ã®å€åŽã®ãã¯ã»ã«ãåé€ããŸã:
8) CT ã·ãªãŒãºäŸã§ã¯: âOutsideâ ããã§ãã¯ããŠã å€ã â-1000â ãšããŸã:
9) 以äžã§3D åæ§æåäœæãã§ããŸã:
OsiriX ^ > | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "^ >",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1) 察象ãšããã·ãªãŒãºãéããŠãROI ã¡ãã¥ãŒããâClosed polygonâ ãéžæããŸã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2) Thick Slab é
ç®ãèšå®ããŸã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "3) èšå®ããThick Slab åäžã«ROI ç¯å²ãäœæããŸã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "4) âCtrl-Sâ ããŒãããã¯ROI ã¡ãã¥ãŒã®âPropagate to current Thick Slabâ ãéžæããŠãäœæããROI ç¯å²ãçŸåšã®Thick Slab åã«é©çšã»ç¢ºå®ããŸã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "5) âCtrl-Leftâ ããŒãããã¯å³ç¢å°ããŒã§æ¬¡ã®Thick Slab åã衚瀺ããŸã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "6) åæ§ã«ããŠãæåŸã®ç»åãŸã§ROI ç¯å²ãäœæãé©çšã»ç¢ºå®ããŠãããŸã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "7) ãããã®ROIs ç¯å²ã®å€åŽã®ãã¯ã»ã«ãåé€ããŸã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "8) CT ã·ãªãŒãºäŸã§ã¯: âOutsideâ ããã§ãã¯ããŠã å€ã â-1000â ãšããŸã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "9) 以äžã§3D åæ§æåäœæãã§ããŸã:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "OsiriX ^ >",
"title": ""
}
] | ^ > 1) 察象ãšããã·ãªãŒãºãéããŠãROI ã¡ãã¥ãŒããâClosed polygonâ ãéžæããŸã: 2) Thick Slab é
ç®ãèšå®ããŸã: 3) èšå®ããThick Slab åäžã«ROI ç¯å²ãäœæããŸã: 4) âCtrl-Sâ ããŒãããã¯ROI ã¡ãã¥ãŒã®âPropagate to current Thick Slabâ ãéžæããŠãäœæããROI ç¯å²ãçŸåšã®Thick Slab åã«é©çšã»ç¢ºå®ããŸã: 5) âCtrl-Leftâ ããŒãããã¯å³ç¢å°ããŒã§æ¬¡ã®Thick Slab åã衚瀺ããŸã: 6) åæ§ã«ããŠãæåŸã®ç»åãŸã§ROI ç¯å²ãäœæãé©çšã»ç¢ºå®ããŠãããŸã: 7) ãããã®ROIs ç¯å²ã®å€åŽã®ãã¯ã»ã«ãåé€ããŸã: 8) CT ã·ãªãŒãºäŸã§ã¯: âOutsideâ ããã§ãã¯ããŠã å€ã â-1000â ãšããŸã: 9) 以äžã§3D åæ§æåäœæãã§ããŸã: OsiriX ^ > | [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é æ²é¢ä»»æå€æé¢åæ§æåãäœæãã|>]]
----
1) 察象ãšããã·ãªãŒãºãéããŠãROI ã¡ãã¥ãŒããâClosed polygonâ ãéžæããŸã:
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_ROIMenu.jpg|ROIã¡ãã¥ãŒ]]</center>
2) Thick Slab é
ç®ãèšå®ããŸã:
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_ThicSlab.jpg|ThickSlabèšå®]]</center>
3) èšå®ããThick Slab åäžã«ROI ç¯å²ãäœæããŸã:
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_DrawROI.jpg|ROIäœæ]]</center>
4) âCtrl-Sâ ããŒãããã¯ROI ã¡ãã¥ãŒã®âPropagate to current Thick Slabâ ãéžæããŠãäœæããROI ç¯å²ãçŸåšã®Thick Slab åã«é©çšã»ç¢ºå®ããŸã:
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_Propagate.jpg|ROIé©çš]]</center>
5) âCtrl-Leftâ ããŒãããã¯å³ç¢å°ããŒã§æ¬¡ã®Thick Slab åã衚瀺ããŸã:
6) åæ§ã«ããŠãæåŸã®ç»åãŸã§ROI ç¯å²ãäœæãé©çšã»ç¢ºå®ããŠãããŸã:
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_DrawROI2.jpg|ROIäœæ2]]</center>
7) ãããã®ROIs ç¯å²ã®å€åŽã®ãã¯ã»ã«ãåé€ããŸã:
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_SetPixelTo.jpg|ãã¯ã»ã«å€èšå®]]</center>
8) CT ã·ãªãŒãºäŸã§ã¯: âOutsideâ ããã§ãã¯ããŠã å€ã â-1000â ãšããŸã:
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_SetPixelToDialog.jpg|ãã¯ã»ã«å€èšå®ãŠã€ã³ããŠ]]</center>
9) 以äžã§3D åæ§æåäœæãã§ããŸã:
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriX_CardiacCTExample.jpg|å¿å€§è¡ç®¡3DCT]]<br>''äŸãã°ã骚ãªãã®å¿èéš3D åæ§æåâŠ''</center>
----
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|^]] [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
¥é æ²é¢ä»»æå€æé¢åæ§æåãäœæãã|>]]
[[en:Online OsiriX Documentation/Extract a 3D volume from a series]]
[[Category:OsiriX|ãããããªãããããã3Dããããããããããããã«ã²ã€ãããªããããããã¬ããã]] | null | 2015-08-28T12:13:09Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80_%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E5%86%85%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F%E3%81%8B%E3%82%893D%E5%86%8D%E6%A7%8B%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90%E3%81%AB%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E3%81%AA%E9%A0%98%E5%9F%9F%E3%82%92%E6%8A%9C%E3%81%8D%E5%87%BA%E3%81%99 |
1,685 | ã«ãŒã«ã»ãã«ã¯ã¹ã®å¯ç©å²èг | æŽå²èг > ã«ãŒã«ã»ãã«ã¯ã¹ã®å¯ç©å²èг
仿¥ããããŠãã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©ã®åµèšè
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ãããããã®çµç¹ããçŸåšã®ç€ŸäŒã§ã¯è€éåããŠããŠã瀟äŒã®åºæ¬çæ§é ãããã§ããããšã«ãŒã«ã»ãã«ã¯ã¹ã¯èª¬ããŠããŸãã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŽå²èг > ã«ãŒã«ã»ãã«ã¯ã¹ã®å¯ç©å²èг",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "仿¥ããããŠãã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©ã®åµèšè
ã»ã«ãŒã«ã»ãã«ã¯ã¹ãšããªãŒããªãã»ãšã³ã²ã«ã¹ã確ç«ããå²èгããããå¯ç©å²èгããŸãã¯å²çå¯ç©è«ãšãããããã®ã§ãããã®é
ç®ã§ã¯ã»ãã®å¯ç©è«ãšã®åºå¥ã®ããããã®ãããªé
ç®ã«ããŸããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "人éãéãŸã£ãéåäœãããã瀟äŒã§ã瀟äŒãã€ãããã®ã¯åºæ¬çã«ã¯å®è³ªçã»ç©è³ªçãªäžéšæ§é ãšãã€ããªãã®ãŒã»ç²Ÿç¥çãªäžéšæ§é ã«åãããäžéšæ§é ãšäžéšæ§é ã¯äºãã«åœ±é¿ãããããæ ¹æ¬çãªæ§é ã¯äžéšæ§é ãšããŠããŸãã",
"title": "瀟äŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžéšæ§é ã¯ããçç£ç諞é¢ä¿ããšåŒã°ããããã¯äººéããåŽåã«ãã£ãŠãè³æ¬ãçã¿åºããããããŸãåŽååã«ç¹ããéçšã®ããšããããŸãã",
"title": "äžéšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããã£ãšåŽ©ããŠèª¬æããŸãããã",
"title": "äžéšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å姿代ã人é¡ã¯éå
·ã䜿ãããšãèŠããé£èºçã«æåãææã¯é«åºŠãªãã®ãšãªããŸããããã®éçšã«ãããŠãããéèœaã«äœãã§ãã人é¡ã¯ããã®éèœã«ããããç³ãããã®ã§ãç³åšäœãã«ã¯äºæ¬ ããªãããç²åããªãã®ã§ååšãã€ããããç
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"title": "äžéšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããã®çµç¹ããçŸåšã®ç€ŸäŒã§ã¯è€éåããŠããŠã瀟äŒã®åºæ¬çæ§é ãããã§ããããšã«ãŒã«ã»ãã«ã¯ã¹ã¯èª¬ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "äžéšæ§é "
}
] | æŽå²èг > ã«ãŒã«ã»ãã«ã¯ã¹ã®å¯ç©å²èг 仿¥ããããŠãã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©ã®åµèšè
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{
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},
{
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"text": "çµ±èšåŠã®æç§æž",
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| [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è±èªã®åè©ã¯ãåè©ã ãã§ãã€ã®åäœã(æå¶)ã衚ãããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "play ãäžè¬åè© play ã®çŸåšåœ¢ã§ããç¿æ
£çã«ããã¹ãããããšã衚ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "played ã¯ã play ã®éå»åœ¢ã§ããplay ã¯ã次ã®ããã«åœ¢ãå€ããŠæå¶ã衚ããŸãã",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯ãããããã®æå¶ã®æã€æå³ããã©ã®ããã«ããŠæå¶ãå€ããã®ãåŠç¿ããŸãããã",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãéå»ããçŸåšãã®äºã€ã®æå¶ãåºæ¬ãšãªããŸããæªæ¥è¡šçŸã¯æå¶ã«ã¯å«ãŸããªãããŸããå®äºåœ¢ãé²è¡åœ¢ãæå¶ã§ã¯ãªãçž(aspect)ã«å«ãŸããã",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»çŸåšã®åäœãç¶æ
ãªã©ã衚ããŸãã",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã»ãšãã©ã®åè©ã«ãããŠãå圢ãšå圢ã§ãã ãŸãäž»èªã第3äººç§°åæ°ã®å Žåãèªå°Ÿã« s ãä»ããŸãã",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éå»ã«ãããåäœãç¶æ
ãªã©ã衚ããŸãã",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "beåè©ã®å Žåãåæ°éå»åœ¢ã¯ was, è€æ°éå»åœ¢ã¯wereã§ãã ãŸããèŠåå€åããäžè¬åè©ã¯ãå圢ã®èªå°Ÿã« ed ãä»ããäºã§éå»åœ¢ã«ãªããŸãã ãŸãå圢ã®èªå°Ÿã®çºé³(å€ãã¯èã«é¢é£ããåé³)ã«ãã£ãŠ ed ã®çºé³ãå€åããŸãããã以å€ã®å€åãããåè©ãäžèŠååè©ãšãããŸãã(äžèŠååè©å€å衚ãåç
§ã®ããš)",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éå»å®äºãšããããéå»ããããã«åã«èµ·ãã£ãããšã衚ãæå¶ã§ãã圢ã¯had+éå»åè©ã§ãã",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããéå»ãããåã§ããã°å¿
ããã®åœ¢ããšãèš³ã§ã¯ãããŸãããäŸãã°ã",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ãããªå Žåã¯éå»åœ¢ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æªæ¥ã®åäœãç¶æ
ãªã©ã衚ããŸãã åºæ¬çã«å©åè© will ãããã¯äººç§°ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ shall ãçšããŸãã",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºæ¬æå¶ã®ããããã«ãå®äºæå¶ãã®ããªãšãŒã·ã§ã³ãå ãããŸãã",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®äºæå¶ã¯ãããæç¹ãŸã§ã«ããåäœãç¶æ
ãªã©ãå®äºãã/ç¶ç¶ããŠãã/çµéšããããšããããªã©ã衚ããŸãã",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®äºæå¶ã«ã¯haveå©åè©ãšéå»åè©ãçšããŸãã åè©ã®éå»åè©ã®å€ãã¯éå»åœ¢ãšåã圢ã§ãããäžéšã®åè©ã®éå»åè©ã¯äžèŠåã«å€åããŸãã(äžèŠååè©å€å衚ãåç
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"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºæ¬æå¶åã³ãå®äºæå¶ãã®ããããã«é²è¡åœ¢ã®ããªãšãŒã·ã§ã³ãå ãããŸãã",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é²è¡åœ¢ã¯ããæç¹ã§ã®åäœãç¶ç¶äžã§ããããšãªã©ã衚ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
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play ãäžè¬åè© play ã®çŸåšåœ¢ã§ããç¿æ
£çã«ããã¹ãããããšã衚ããŠããŸãã<br />
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played ã¯ã play ã®éå»åœ¢ã§ããplay ã¯ã次ã®ããã«åœ¢ãå€ããŠæå¶ã衚ããŸãã
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[[Category:è±èªææ³|ãããµã]] | null | 2022-12-03T12:34:22Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95/%E6%99%82%E5%88%B6 |
1,694 | è±èª/å
¥é/æžæ³ | è±èªã¯è¡šé³æåã§ãã26æåã®ã¢ã«ãã¡ããããçµã¿åãããŠåèªãã€ã¥ããã¹ããŒã¹ã空ããŠåèªãäžŠã¹æç« ãçµã¿ç«ãŠãŸãã
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æç« ã®å¡ãæ§è³ªã衚ãèšå·ã§ãããã䜿ãããç©ã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³(ââ)ãããã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³(ââ)ãã«ãã³( () )ãªã©ããããŸããæ¥æ¬èªã§ã®ã«ã®æ¬åŒ§ãæ¬åŒ§ã«çžåœããŸãã
ã¢ãã¹ãããã£(')ã¯äºã€ã®åèªããã£ã€ããŠçç¥ããããçºé³ãçç¥ãããŠããããšã衚ããŸãã
beåè©ãå©åè©ãä»ãç瞮圢
beåè©ãå©åè©+notã®ç瞮圢
+haveã®ç瞮圢
çºé³ã®çç¥(èšãã衚ãã®ã«ã䜿ãããŸããå£èªç) | [
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}
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çæ¯é³ /É/: want
çæ¯é³ /É/: any
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é·æ¯é³ /ÉË/: water
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Bã/b/ïŒbig C
/k/: cake
/s/: centre
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çæ¯é³ /e/: egg
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G
/É¡/: gate
/Ê€/: gem
Hã/h/ïŒhat
I
çæ¯é³ /ɪ/: ink
é·æ¯é³ /aɪ/: icon
匱æ¯é³ /ɪ/: edit Jã/Ê€/: joker
K /k/: kick
L /l/: lemon M /m/: monkey
N /n/: nine
O
çæ¯é³ /É/: hot
çæ¯é³ /Ê/: son
çæ¯é³ /Ê/: wolf
é·æ¯é³ /ÉÊ/: over
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T /t/: toe
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çæ¯é³ /Ê/: full
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çæ¯é³ /É/: bury
é·æ¯é³ /juË/: U
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é·æ¯é³ /uË/: tofu
匱æ¯é³ /É/: survive
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匱æ¯é³ /jÊ/: education
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/Ê/: chef
/k/: character
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th
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[[ã«ããŽãª:æ¥æ¬èª åè©|å]] | 2005-03-05T05:25:00Z | 2023-09-28T15:23:25Z | [
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å ±ã§ããç©ã人ã®ååšãç¥ãããã®ã«çšããããŸããäž»èªã¯beåè©ã®åŸãã«æ¥ãã®ã§ãäž»èªã¯åžžã«äžäººç§°ã§ããããããã«ãåæ°ã®ãã®ã®ååšã¯There is~ãè€æ°ã®ãã®ã®ååšã¯There are~ã§è¡šããŸããä»ã«ããéå»ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãã®ã§ããã°ãThere was[were]~ ãThere used to be~ãšãªããŸãã
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å ±ã衚ããªã)
ifç¯(if clause)ã«ãã£ãŠæ¡ä»¶ãä»®å®ã衚ãã çŸå®ã«åããä»®å®(åå®ä»®æ³)ãããå Žåã«çšããããæ³(Mood)ã仮宿³ãšããããã以å€ã§ããã°çŽèª¬æ³ã§ããã
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ifç¯ã®ä»ã«ãunlessããããŸããã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåã§ã¯ãunless㯠if ~ notãšåãæå³ã«ãªããŸãããå
šãéãæå³ã«è§£éãããå ŽåããããŸããifãæ¡ä»¶ãªã®ã«å¯ŸããŠãunlessã¯åŠå®ã®æ¡ä»¶ãšãããã"é€å€"ãšèšã£ãã»ããæ£ç¢ºããç¥ããŸããã
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ãŸããå
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ãŸãã1)ã®å ŽåããèŠãŸãã
ãã®æã§ã®willã¯äž»èªã®ææãè¡šãæææªæ¥ã§ããããå
ã»ã©ã®èŠåã¯é©çšãããŸããã
次ã«2)ã®å ŽåãèŠãŸãããã
(人質解æŸã«ç¹ãããã ã£ããã圌ã¯100äžãã«ã§ãã身代éãæ¯æãã ãã) ãã®æã®å Žåã¯ãäž»ç¯(he will ~)ããŸãèµ·ããããšã«ãã£ãŠããã®åŸã«äººè³ªè§£æŸãšããåºæ¥äºãèµ·ããã®ã§ãå
ã»ã©ã®èŠåãé©çšãããªãããã§ãã
çŸåšãäžå¿ãšããããšã«å¯Ÿããåå®ä»®æ³ã¯ä»®å®æ³éå»ã§è¡šãã ããšãã°ãI am in your position.ãä»®æ³ããå Žåãªã©ã åå®ä»®æ³ãªã®ã§ãçŸå®ã«åããŠããããšã倧åæã äžçªç°¡åãªåœ¢ãšããŠã¯ã If S V(éå»åœ¢) ~, S would[might/should/could] V(åå) ~.
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éèŠãªå®å衚çŸã«ã If it were not for ~, = ãããã~ããªãã£ããã ããããŸãã
ãã°ãã°ãwithout~ãBut for ~ã«ä»£çšãããŸãã
éå»ã«èµ·ãã£ãäºå®ã«åããä»®æ³ã»ä»®å®ã衚ãå Žåã«ã¯ã仮宿³éå»å®äºãçšããã åºæ¬çãªåœ¢ãšããŠã¯ã If S+had+P.P.~, S+would[should/might/could] have+P.P.~. ãšãªãã
å眮ãããšifãæ¶æ»
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= Had it not been for your help, ~. = Without your help, ~. = But for your help, ~.
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ããã¯åœä»€æã§ãæå¹ã§ããLet's~ã¯Let usã®çç¥åœ¢ã§ãçŽèš³ããã°ãæã
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ã¯ã次ã®åè©æ§æã«æžãæããããŸãã
conj.=æ¥ç¶è©, subj.=äž»èª, verb=åè©
è€æ conj. + subj.1 + verb1 ~, subj.2 + verb2 ~. ãåè©æ§æã«æ¹ããå Žåã ãŸãã¯ãæ¥ç¶è©ãåããã€ã¥ããŠsubj.1ãšsubj.2ãäžèŽããŠããå Žåã¯subj.1ãåããæåŸã«ãverb1ãåè©ã«æžãæãããšããæ©æ¢°çãªæç¶ãã«ãã£ãŠåè©æ§æãäœãããšãã§ããã
è€æ conj. + subj.1 + verb1 ~, subj.2 + verb2 ~. ã«ãããsubj.1ãšsubj.2ãäžèŽããªãå Žåã subj.1ã¯åãããã«æ®ãããšã«ãªãããã®ãšãæ®çããsubj.1ã¯åè©ã®æå³äžã®äž»èªã«ãªã£ãŠããããã®ãããªåè©æ§æã®ããšãç¬ç«åè©æ§æ(absolute participial construction)ãšããã Weather permitting(倩åãèš±ãã°)ã®ãããªæ±ºãŸãæå¥ãããã
æ
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generally speaking(å
šè¬çã«ã¯)
strictly speaking(å³å¯ã«èšãã°)
judging from ~(~ãã倿ããã°)
taking ~ into consideration(~ãèæ
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all things considered(ãã¹ãŠãèæ
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speaking of ~(~ãšèšãã°) ãªã©
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èŠã§ããã«ãé¢ãããæå³äžã®äž»èªã«æ¬ ãåè©ãæžååè©(dangling particle)ãšããã
äžã®æã®å Žåãåè©ã®æå³äžã®äž»èªã¯heã§ãããhis expressionã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãHe being in ~ã®æ¹ãé©åãªã®ã§ããããã®æå³äžã®äž»èªãæãèœã¡ãŠããŸã£ãŠããŸãã æžååè©ã¯ææ³çã«æ£ãããªãã®ã§çšãã¬ããã«ãã¹ãã ãšèšãããŠããã
æäžã®èª(Word), å¥(Phrase), ç¯(Clause)ã匷調ããããã«ã¯ããã€ãã®æ¹æ³ãããã
åäžã®èªå¥ãç¹°ãè¿ãããšã«ãã£ãŠåŒ·èª¿ããæ¹æ³ã
å©åè©do[does; did]ãåè©ã®çŽåã«çœ®ãããšã«ãã匷調ã衚ãããã®å Žåãdo[does; did]ã«åŒ·å¢(stress)ã眮ãããã
çåè©ã匷調ããåã°æ±ºãŸãæå¥ãšãªã£ãŠããèªå¥ããããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããšãäžäœå
šäœ~ããšãã£ãèš³ã«ãªãã
not ... at all, not ... in the leastãªã©ã§åŠå®ã®æå³ã匷調ã§ããã
ç¯ã®äžã®åŒ·èª¿ãããèª, å¥, ç¯ã匷調ããªãèŠçŽ ãšåããŠãé¢ä¿è©ãthatç¯ãªã©ã䜿ãåè£ãããæã®ããšã匷調ããèŠçŽ ãšãã以å€ãåè£ããããåè£æ(cleft sentence)ãšããã髿 ¡ã§ç¿ãIt is[was]+匷調ãããèŠçŽ +that~ã¯ãã®åè£æã®äžçš®ã§ãããåè£æã«ãã匷調ã®äŸãäžã«èšãã匷調ãããèªå¥,ç¯ãªã©ã¯ã€ã¿ãªãã¯ã§è¡šèšããã
æåŸã®æã¯ãåè£æã䜿ããã«æžããšãThe key to success is will power.(æåã®éµã¯æå¿åã§ãã)
åŸè¿°ã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ§æ:ããã§ã¯äž»ãªæ§æãåæããŸãã詳ããã¯ããããã®æ§æã®ããŒãžãèŠãŠãã ããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¡äŸ(説æãç°¡ç¥åãããã以äžã®èšå·ãçšããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è±èªã®æ§æã®åºæ¬ã¯ ãäž»èª+åè©ãã®çµã¿åããã§ãã æé ã«äž»èªããã®æ¬¡ã«è¿°èªãšãªãåè©ãæ¥ãŸãã æ¥æ¬ã§ã®é«çåŠæ ¡ã§ã¯äŒçµ±çã«åºæ¬5æåãšãã5ã€ã®è±æã®åãç¿ããŸãããªããSV,SVC,SVO,SVOO,SVOCã®5ã€ã«SVA,SVOAã®2ã€ãå ãã7æåã«åé¡ããããšããç«å ŽããããŸããããã§ãAã¯å Žæãªã©ã衚ãå¯è©å¥ã§ãã",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "S+V:",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¯è©å¥Mã䌎ããSVMã®åœ¢ã§äœ¿ãããããšãå€ãã",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "S+V+C:",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äž»èª+beåè©+ åè©/代åè©/圢容è©",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äž»èª+beåè©ä»¥å€ã®åè©+åè©/圢容è©",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "S+V+O: Oã¯ç®çèªãšãããåäœã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã衚ããŸããç®çèªãšãªãããã®ã¯ãåè©(Noun)ããã³ããã«ä»£ãããããã®ã§ã代åè©(Pronoun),ååè©,toäžå®è©(to-infinitive),thatç¯(that-clause),wh-ç¯ãªã©ã§ãã ãã®æåããšãåè©ãå®å
šä»åè©ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äž»èª+åè©+åè©/代åè©",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äž»èª+åè©+ååè©/toäžå®è©/wh- + toäžå®è©/thatç¯",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äž»èª+åè©+wh-ç¯",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "S+V+iO+dO:",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "仿¥ã®é«çåŠæ ¡ã«ãããè±ææ³ã§ã¯ãåè©ã代åè©ã«ã¯äž»æ Œã»æææ Œã»ç®çæ Œã®3ã€ã®æ Œããããšç¿ãã",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŽå²çã«ã¯ç®çæ Œã¯æŽã«2ã€ã®æ Œã«åãããã~ããã«ããããã®ã¯å¯Ÿæ Œãã~ã«ãã«ããããã®ã¯èæ Œ(äžæ Œ)ãšããã 鿥ç®çèªiOã¯èæ Œã衚ããçŽæ¥ç®çèªdOã¯å¯Ÿæ Œã衚ãã ãã®æåããšãåè©ãæäžåè©ãšããã",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããaskã¯çŽæ¥ç®çèªãäºéã«åãåè©ã§ãããæäžåè©ã§ã¯ãªããšãããã",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äž»èª+åè©+鿥ç®çèª+ åè©/代åè©",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äž»èª+åè©+鿥ç®çèª+çåè©(what, howãªã©)toäžå®è©",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äž»èª+åè©+鿥ç®çèª+åè©ç¯",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "第4æåã®æã¯ãäžæ Œãto + nounãããã¯for + nounã«ãã£ãŠè¡šãããšã«ãã£ãŠã第3æåã«æžãæããããšãå¯èœã ãšããã",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "toãšforã®ã©ã¡ããçšãããã¯ãåè©ã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºãŸã£ãŠãããã®ãšããŠãã»ã©åé¡ã¯çããªãããã~ã«å¯ŸããŠããšããæ°æã¡ã§ã¯to,ã~ã®ããã«/~ã«ä»£ãã£ãŠããšããæ°æã¡ã§ã¯forã䜿ããããããšãã°ãäžã®2ã€ã®äŸæã®ãã¡ãåŸè
ã¯ã~ã®ããã«ããšããæ°æã¡ã§äœ¿ãããŠãããšèããããããã®ãããªäžæ Œã®äœ¿ããæ¹ããæŽå²çã«ã¯å©çã®äžæ Œãšããã ãªããSVOOã®æãšSVO to Oã®æã¯å
šãåãæå³ãªã®ããšããã°ãããã§ã¯ãªããçžæã«ãšã£ãŠæ°æ
å ±ã§ããæ
å ±ããç¹ã«çŠç¹ãããããæ
å ±ã®å Žåã¯ææ«ã«çœ®ãããåŸåã«ããã®ã§ã2ã€ã®ç®çèªã®ãã¡ãã©ã¡ããæ°æ
å ±ã§ãã©ã¡ãã«éç¹ããããŠè©±ãã®ããèããé©åãªæ§æãéžã¶ã¹ãã§ããã",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããS V iO dOã¯ãdOãiOã®æã«æž¡ã£ãããšãŸã§å«æããäžæ¹ã§ãS V O to Nounã«ã¯ãã®ãããªæå³ã¯å«ãŸããªãã",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "S+V+O+C: ãã®æåã«ãããè£èªã¯ãç®çèªã®ç¶æ
ã衚ãã®ã§ãç®çæ Œè£èªãšåŒã°ããã O+Cã®éšåã ããO+é£çµåè©(linking verb:be,seem,appearãªã©)+CãæãšããŠæå³ãæããäŸãã°ãThey named their first baby William.ã§ããã°ãTheir first baby is William.ãæãç«ã€ã SVOCã®æã¯ãã€ãŸããOCã®éšåã«é£çµåè©ãè±èœãã第2æåãçµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠãããšèããããã",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äž»èª+åè©+ç®çèª+ åè©",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äž»èª+åè©+ç®çèª+ 圢容è©",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äž»èª+åè©+ç®çèª+å¯è©",
"title": "5æå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŠå®ã¯ãæåŠå®ãšèªå¥åŠå®ãå
šäœåŠå®ãšéšååŠå®ãªã©ãšåããããšãã§ããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåŠå® beåè©ãããã¯å©åè©ã®çŽåŸã«åŠå®ã衚ãå¯è©notãããã«æºãããã®(hardlyãªã©)ãæ¿å
¥ããããšã§æå
šäœãåŠå®ããæãã§ãããå©åè©ãå«ãŸãªãäžè¬åè©ã®æã¯ãåè©ã®åã«å©åè©doãè£ã£ãŠããããã®çŽåŸã«notãšç¶ããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããã¢ãã¹ãããã£(')ã䜿ãããšã§\"~ not\"ã\"~n't\"ãšçç¥ããããšãå¯èœã§ãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã ããwill notã¯willn'tã§ã¯ãªãwon'tãshall notã¯shan'tã§ããããŸããamn'tãšã¯ãããªãããšã«æ³šæããããã(ã©ãããŠãam notãçž®ãããå Žåã¯ãaren'tã§ä»£çšããããain'tãšãã)",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ§æã¯è¯å®çã§ããäž»èªãç®çèªã«åŠå®çãªèªãå
¥ããããšã§ãåŠå®æãäœãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èªå¥åŠå® åŠå®ãããèªå¥(ãããã¯ç¯)ã®çŽåã«notã眮ãããšã«ããããã®èªå¥ãåŠå®ããããšãã§ããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è«ççã«é©åãªäœçœ®ããä»ã®å Žæãžnotãç§»åããçŸè±¡ãããããããnotã®è»¢ç§»ãšããããäžã«äŸãæããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®2ã€ã®æã¯ãè«ççã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«æžããæ¹ãæ£ããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããªãã°ãI don't wantã®å Žåã¯ãå®éã«ã¯ã~ããªãããšãæããããã§ãããI don't thinkã®å Žåã¯ã~ã§ãªããšèããŠãããããã§ããã ã²ãã£ãšããããã³ãšããªãããç¥ããªãããã©ã¡ãã\"é¡ã£ãŠãã\"ããšã\"èããŠãã\"ããšã¯äºå®ã§ããã ãã ããã®é¡ã£ãŠããããšãèããŠããããšã®å
容ãåŠå®çãªã®ã§ããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®2äŸã®å Žåã¯ãnotã®è»¢ç§»ãæèããã«èš³ããŠãè§£éã«æ··ä¹±ãçããããšã¯ãªãã ããããæ¬¡ã®äŸã®å Žåã¯ã2éãã®è§£éãååšããæèãããã¯é³å£°ã«ããåŒ·å¢æãã«ã¯ãã©ã¡ããæ£ãããšããããªãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ãnot becauseã®notã転移ããå¯èœæ§ãèæ
®ããæ¬¡ã®2éãã®è§£éãããããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "It+åè©+~(+for~)+toäžå®è©",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "There+beåè©+~",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "There+beåè©ã¯ååšæãšãããçžæã«ãšã£ãŠã®æ°æ
å ±ã§ããç©ã人ã®ååšãç¥ãããã®ã«çšããããŸããäž»èªã¯beåè©ã®åŸãã«æ¥ãã®ã§ãäž»èªã¯åžžã«äžäººç§°ã§ããããããã«ãåæ°ã®ãã®ã®ååšã¯There is~ãè€æ°ã®ãã®ã®ååšã¯There are~ã§è¡šããŸããä»ã«ããéå»ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãã®ã§ããã°ãThere was[were]~ ãThere used to be~ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "there is ã®ç瞮圢ã¯there'sã§ãthere are ã®ç瞮圢ã¯there'reã§ãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããçžæã«ãšã£ãŠã®æ°æ
å ±ã§ãªããã°ãã®æ§æ(ååšæ)ã¯äœ¿ããŸããããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ãããªæã¯äœããŸããã(å®å è©ã¯æ°æ
å ±ã衚ããªã)",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ifç¯(if clause)ã«ãã£ãŠæ¡ä»¶ãä»®å®ã衚ãã çŸå®ã«åããä»®å®(åå®ä»®æ³)ãããå Žåã«çšããããæ³(Mood)ã仮宿³ãšããããã以å€ã§ããã°çŽèª¬æ³ã§ããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ãåã«ãææ¥éšãéãããšããæ¡ä»¶ã®äžã§ã¯è²·ãç©ã«è¡ããªããšããæ¡ä»¶ã瀺ããã«éããŸãããããããã仮宿³ã§ã¯ãããŸããã仿¹ã§ã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æã¯ããç§ãããªãã§ããããšããããšãæãåŸãªããã€ãŸãã©ãèããŠãçŸå®ã«åããã®ã§ã仮宿³ã«ãã£ãŠæãèµ·ãã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ifç¯ã®ä»ã«ãunlessããããŸããã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåã§ã¯ãunless㯠if ~ notãšåãæå³ã«ãªããŸãããå
šãéãæå³ã«è§£éãããå ŽåããããŸããifãæ¡ä»¶ãªã®ã«å¯ŸããŠãunlessã¯åŠå®ã®æ¡ä»¶ãšãããã\"é€å€\"ãšèšã£ãã»ããæ£ç¢ºããç¥ããŸããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèšã®ãããªçç±ã«ãããunlessã¯å¿
ãããif notã§æžãæããããããã§ã¯ãããŸããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¡ä»¶ã瀺ãå Žåãéåžžã«éèŠãªèŠåãšããŠã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããèŠåããããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããæ¡ä»¶ã衚ãç¯ã ãããæã衚ãç¯ã ããããå¯è©ç¯ã§ãªãåè©ç¯ã§ããã°åé¡ãªãæªæ¥è¡šçŸã¯äœ¿ãããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åè©ç¯ãšããŠæ±ãããå Žåã¯ãifã¯ã~ãã©ããããwhenã¯ããã€~ããã®ã(ãšããããš)ããšããæå³ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããå
ã»ã©ã®èŠåã¯ã次ã®ãããªå Žåã«ãã£ããªãç ŽããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã1)ã®å ŽåããèŠãŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æã§ã®willã¯äž»èªã®ææãè¡šãæææªæ¥ã§ããããå
ã»ã©ã®èŠåã¯é©çšãããŸããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«2)ã®å ŽåãèŠãŸãããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(人質解æŸã«ç¹ãããã ã£ããã圌ã¯100äžãã«ã§ãã身代éãæ¯æãã ãã) ãã®æã®å Žåã¯ãäž»ç¯(he will ~)ããŸãèµ·ããããšã«ãã£ãŠããã®åŸã«äººè³ªè§£æŸãšããåºæ¥äºãèµ·ããã®ã§ãå
ã»ã©ã®èŠåãé©çšãããªãããã§ãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŸåšãäžå¿ãšããããšã«å¯Ÿããåå®ä»®æ³ã¯ä»®å®æ³éå»ã§è¡šãã ããšãã°ãI am in your position.ãä»®æ³ããå Žåãªã©ã åå®ä»®æ³ãªã®ã§ãçŸå®ã«åããŠããããšã倧åæã äžçªç°¡åãªåœ¢ãšããŠã¯ã If S V(éå»åœ¢) ~, S would[might/should/could] V(åå) ~.",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å Žåã¯ããå®éã«ã¯ããŒãã£ã«æ¥ãŠããªããããšãåæã«ãªããŸãã ä»ã«ãäŸãæããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æã¯ãäºã€ã®æç« ãé£çµãããŠããŸããã€ãŸããI had enough moneyã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºããããŠãããªãã°ãI could buy the new game.ã§ããã ããããšãã仮宿³ã®æã§ãã åœç¶ããã®ãããªæ¡ä»¶ãæºããããŠããªãããšãåæãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã ã€ãŸããçŸå®ã«ã¯ãããéãç¡ãã£ããããæ°ããã²ãŒã ã¯è²·ããªãã£ããããªã®ã§ãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éèŠãªå®å衚çŸã«ã If it were not for ~, = ãããã~ããªãã£ããã ããããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã°ãã°ãwithout~ãBut for ~ã«ä»£çšãããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éå»ã«èµ·ãã£ãäºå®ã«åããä»®æ³ã»ä»®å®ã衚ãå Žåã«ã¯ã仮宿³éå»å®äºãçšããã åºæ¬çãªåœ¢ãšããŠã¯ã If S+had+P.P.~, S+would[should/might/could] have+P.P.~. ãšãªãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å眮ãããšifãæ¶æ»
ããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "= Had it not been for your help, ~. = Without your help, ~. = But for your help, ~.",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äž»èª+tell,want,expectãªã©+ç®çèª+toäžå®è©",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "make,let,have+ç®çèª+åè©ã®åå makeãletãªã©ã®èªã䜿ãããšã§ãä»äººãç©ã«åããããŠããåè©ã®å圢ãããããããšããæãäœãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯åœä»€æã§ãæå¹ã§ããLet's~ã¯Let usã®çç¥åœ¢ã§ãçŽèš³ããã°ãæã
ã«~ãããããšãªããŸãããæ
£çšå¥ãªã®ã§ã~ãããããšèš³ãããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çåæã¯å©åè©ãæé ã«æã£ãŠããããšã§äœããŸããããããŠäœãããçåæã¯ãyes/noã§çããããçåæã§ããããšãããyes/no questionãããã¯äžè¬çåæãšãããŸãã beåè©ãçšããæã®å Žåã¯ãbeåè©ãæé ã«ç§»åããŸããæäžã«å©åè©ãå«ãŸãªãæã®å Žåã¯ãå©åè©do[does/did]ãæé ã«ãããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ä»ã«ããç¹æ®çåæ,ä»å çåæãªã©ããããŸãã ç¹æ®çåæã¯ãçåæã®æé ã«çåè©ãä»ããŸããçåè©ã¯æ¬¡ã®6çš®é¡ããããäžè¬çã«5W1HãšåŒã°ããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ä»",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Whatã¯ãäœãã衚ãçå代åè©/圢容è©ã§ããææ³çã«ã¯ä»£åè©/圢容è©ã®æ±ããšãªããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çå代åè©whatãè£èªã®å Žå",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çå代åè©whatãç®çèªã®å Žå",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çå代åè©whatãäž»èªã®å Žå",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çå圢容è©ãšããŠäœ¿ãå Žå",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "What+åè©ã®åœ¢ã§äœ¿ããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Whoã¯ã誰ãã衚ãçå代åè©ã§ããWhatãç©äºã«å¯ŸããŠäœ¿ãããã®ã«å¯ŸããŠãWhoã¯äººç©ã«å¯ŸããŠäœ¿ããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "whoãè£èªã®å Žå",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "whoãç®çèªã®å Žå",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "whomãšããçåè©ãååšãããããã»ã©formalãªè±èªä»¥å€ã§ã¯äœ¿ãããªãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "whoãäž»èªã®å Žå",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã®ããã«ãé¢ä¿ä»£åè©whoã¯äž»æ Œã»ç®çæ Œã®ãããããšãããšãã§ãã(ãã ããformalãªè±èªã§ã¯ç®çæ Œã¯whomãšãã)ã®ã ãã屿 Œ(æææ Œ)ããšãããšã¯ã§ããªããwhoã®2æ Œ(屿 Œ)ã¯whoseã§ãããæ¥æ¬èªã®ã誰ã®~ãã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Whereã¯ãã©ããã衚ãåèªã§ããå Žæãå°ããã®ã«äœ¿ããŸãã çåå¯è©ã§ãããææ³çã«ã¯å¯è©ãšããŠæ±ãããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ææ³çã«ã¯å¯è©ã®æ±ãã§ãã®ã§ã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯èª€æãšãªããŸãã(è¿çã\"It is åè©\"ã®åœ¢ã§ããã¹ããªã®ã§) ãã®å Žåã¯ãWhereãçå代åè©ã®Whatã«æããã¹ãã§ãã (æé ã®?ã¯ããã®æãäžèªç¶ããããã¯ææ³çã«èª€ã£ãæã§ããããšã瀺ããŠããŸãã)",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Whenã¯ããã€ãã衚ãçåå¯è©ã§ããæéãå°ããã®ã«äœ¿ããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Whyã¯ããªããã衚ãçåå¯è©ã§ããçç±ãåãã®ã«äœ¿ãããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Howã¯ãã©ããã£ãŠ/ã©ã®ãããª/ã©ã®ãããããªã©ã®æå³ã衚ãçåå¯è©ã§ããæ¹æ³ã»æ§æ
ã»çšåºŠãåãã®ã«äœ¿ãããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããæ°éã衚ãåèªãªã©ãšçµã¿åãããããšã§ãéãèãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Whichã¯ãã©ããã衚ãçå代åè©ã§ããéžæè¢ãããããã®äžããéžã¶æã«äœ¿ããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ææ«ã«ã,å©åè©+äž»èª?ãä»å ããããšã«ãã£ãŠãã~ã§ããããããšãã確èªã®æå³ã®çåæãäœããã è¯å®æã«å¯ŸããŠã¯åŠå®åœ¢ã®å©åè©ããåŠå®æã«å¯ŸããŠã¯åŠå®åœ¢ã§ãªãå©åè©ãä»å ããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã ããäžèŠè¯å®æã«èŠããŠãåŠå®ã®æå³ã衚ãæããéã«äžèŠåŠå®æã ãè¯å®ã®æå³ã衚ãæãããã®ã§æ³šæãããã ãªããä»å çåã¯ã以äžã®ãããªã~ã§ãããããšãã確èªã®æå³ã®çå以å€ã«ã誰ãã®èšèãç¹°ãè¿ãããã誰ãã®èšèããæšè«ããŠãã~ãšããããšã«ãªããŸããããšããçåã衚ãããšãã§ãã(ç¹°ãè¿ãçå)ããã®å Žåã¯ã確èªçåã®å Žåãšã¯éã«ãåŠå®æã«å¯ŸããŠåŠå®åœ¢ã®å©åè©ãä»å ããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åè©ã«ãã£ãŠæä¿®é£Ÿã®å¯è©å¥ãäœããæ¥ç¶è©+äž»èª+åè©~ãšåãåãããããæã®ããšã ããšãã°ã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ã次ã®åè©æ§æã«æžãæããããŸãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "conj.=æ¥ç¶è©, subj.=äž»èª, verb=åè©",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è€æ conj. + subj.1 + verb1 ~, subj.2 + verb2 ~. ãåè©æ§æã«æ¹ããå Žåã ãŸãã¯ãæ¥ç¶è©ãåããã€ã¥ããŠsubj.1ãšsubj.2ãäžèŽããŠããå Žåã¯subj.1ãåããæåŸã«ãverb1ãåè©ã«æžãæãããšããæ©æ¢°çãªæç¶ãã«ãã£ãŠåè©æ§æãäœãããšãã§ããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è€æ conj. + subj.1 + verb1 ~, subj.2 + verb2 ~. ã«ãããsubj.1ãšsubj.2ãäžèŽããªãå Žåã subj.1ã¯åãããã«æ®ãããšã«ãªãããã®ãšãæ®çããsubj.1ã¯åè©ã®æå³äžã®äž»èªã«ãªã£ãŠããããã®ãããªåè©æ§æã®ããšãç¬ç«åè©æ§æ(absolute participial construction)ãšããã Weather permitting(倩åãèš±ãã°)ã®ãããªæ±ºãŸãæå¥ãããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ
£çšäžãæå³äžã®äž»èªãçç¥ããæ
£çšå¥çãªåè©æ§æãããã代衚çãªãã®ãäžã«èšããåŸè¿°ã®æžååè©ãšã¯éããééã£ãçšæ³ã§ã¯ãªãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "generally speaking(å
šè¬çã«ã¯)",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "strictly speaking(å³å¯ã«èšãã°)",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "judging from ~(~ãã倿ããã°)",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "taking ~ into consideration(~ãèæ
®ã«å
¥ãããš)",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "all things considered(ãã¹ãŠãèæ
®ãããš)",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "speaking of ~(~ãšèšãã°) ãªã©",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æå³äžã®äž»èªãå¿
èŠã§ããã«ãé¢ãããæå³äžã®äž»èªã«æ¬ ãåè©ãæžååè©(dangling particle)ãšããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®æã®å Žåãåè©ã®æå³äžã®äž»èªã¯heã§ãããhis expressionã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãHe being in ~ã®æ¹ãé©åãªã®ã§ããããã®æå³äžã®äž»èªãæãèœã¡ãŠããŸã£ãŠããŸãã æžååè©ã¯ææ³çã«æ£ãããªãã®ã§çšãã¬ããã«ãã¹ãã ãšèšãããŠããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æäžã®èª(Word), å¥(Phrase), ç¯(Clause)ã匷調ããããã«ã¯ããã€ãã®æ¹æ³ãããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åäžã®èªå¥ãç¹°ãè¿ãããšã«ãã£ãŠåŒ·èª¿ããæ¹æ³ã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å©åè©do[does; did]ãåè©ã®çŽåã«çœ®ãããšã«ãã匷調ã衚ãããã®å Žåãdo[does; did]ã«åŒ·å¢(stress)ã眮ãããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çåè©ã匷調ããåã°æ±ºãŸãæå¥ãšãªã£ãŠããèªå¥ããããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããšãäžäœå
šäœ~ããšãã£ãèš³ã«ãªãã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"tag": "p",
"text": "not ... at all, not ... in the leastãªã©ã§åŠå®ã®æå³ã匷調ã§ããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¯ã®äžã®åŒ·èª¿ãããèª, å¥, ç¯ã匷調ããªãèŠçŽ ãšåããŠãé¢ä¿è©ãthatç¯ãªã©ã䜿ãåè£ãããæã®ããšã匷調ããèŠçŽ ãšãã以å€ãåè£ããããåè£æ(cleft sentence)ãšããã髿 ¡ã§ç¿ãIt is[was]+匷調ãããèŠçŽ +that~ã¯ãã®åè£æã®äžçš®ã§ãããåè£æã«ãã匷調ã®äŸãäžã«èšãã匷調ãããèªå¥,ç¯ãªã©ã¯ã€ã¿ãªãã¯ã§è¡šèšããã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåŸã®æã¯ãåè£æã䜿ããã«æžããšãThe key to success is will power.(æåã®éµã¯æå¿åã§ãã)",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŸè¿°ã",
"title": "è²ã
ãªæ§æ"
}
] | æ§æïŒããã§ã¯äž»ãªæ§æãåæããŸãã詳ããã¯ããããã®æ§æã®ããŒãžãèŠãŠãã ããã å¡äŸïŒèª¬æãç°¡ç¥åãããã以äžã®èšå·ãçšããã | '''æ§æ'''ïŒããã§ã¯äž»ãªæ§æãåæããŸãã詳ããã¯ããããã®æ§æã®ããŒãžãèŠãŠãã ããã
å¡äŸïŒèª¬æãç°¡ç¥åãããã以äžã®èšå·ãçšããã
{| border="0" cellpadding="10"
|-align=center
|bgcolor=#ff8080|SïŒäž»èªïŒSubjectïŒ
|bgcolor=#cccccc|VïŒåè©ïŒVerbïŒ
|bgcolor=#ccffcc|OïŒç®çèªïŒObjectïŒ
|bgcolor=#ffff99|CïŒè£èªïŒComplementïŒ
|bgcolor=#eeeeee|ïŒããïŒïŒå¯è©ãå¯è©å¥ãªã©
|}
==5æå==
è±èªã®æ§æã®åºæ¬ã¯ããäž»èªïŒåè©ãã®çµã¿åããã§ããã
æé ã«äž»èªããã®æ¬¡ã«è¿°èªãšãªãåè©ãæ¥ãŸãã
æ¥æ¬ã§ã®é«çåŠæ ¡ã§ã¯äŒçµ±çã«åºæ¬ïŒæåãšããïŒã€ã®è±æã®åãç¿ããŸãããªããSV,SVC,SVO,SVOO,SVOCã®ïŒã€ã«SVA,SVOAã®ïŒã€ãå ããïŒæåã«åé¡ããããšããç«å ŽããããŸããããã§ãAã¯å Žæãªã©ã衚ãå¯è©å¥ã§ãã
===äž»èªïŒåè©===
[[SïŒV]]ïŒ
{| border="0" cellpadding="10"
|-align=center
|bgcolor=#ff8080|äž»èª
|bgcolor=#cccccc|åè©
|}
å¯è©å¥Mã䌎ããSVMã®åœ¢ã§äœ¿ãããããšãå€ãã
* I walk.ïŒç§ã¯æ©ãïŒ
* He always goes to school on foot.ïŒåœŒã¯æ¯æ¥åŸæ©ã§åŠæ ¡ã«è¡ãïŒ
* Buddhism spread to China from India.ïŒä»æã¯ã€ã³ãããäžåœã«åºãŸã£ãïŒ
* The plate broke into pieces.ïŒç¿ã¯ç²ã
ã«å²ããïŒ
===äž»èªïŒåè©ïŒè£èª===
[[SïŒVïŒC]]ïŒ
äž»èªïŒbeåè©ïŒ åè©/代åè©/圢容è©
* I am Alice.ïŒç§ã¯ã¢ãªã¹ã§ãïŒ
* I am happy. ïŒç§ã¯å¹žãã§ãïŒ
äž»èªïŒbeåè©ä»¥å€ã®åè©ïŒåè©/圢容è©
* It sounds nice.
* I feel happy.
===äž»èªïŒåè©ïŒç®çèª===
[[SïŒVïŒO]]ïŒ
Oã¯ç®çèªãšãããåäœã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã衚ããŸããç®çèªãšãªãããã®ã¯ãåè©(Noun)ããã³ããã«ä»£ãããããã®ã§ã代åè©(Pronoun),ååè©,toäžå®è©(to-infinitive),thatç¯(that-clause),wh-ç¯ãªã©ã§ãã
ãã®æåããšãåè©ãå®å
šä»åè©ãšãããŸãã
äž»èªïŒåè©ïŒåè©/代åè©
* I eat bread.ïŒç§ã¯ãã³ãé£ã¹ãïŒ
äž»èªïŒåè©ïŒååè©/toäžå®è©/wh- + toäžå®è©/thatç¯
* I like singing.ïŒç§ã¯æãããšã奜ãïŒ
* I like there to be a large audience.
* I don't know which way to choose.
* I don't know how to operate this device.
* We know that the earth goes around the sun.
äž»èªïŒåè©ïŒwh-ç¯
* Please tell me when she will come.
===äž»èªïŒåè©ïŒéæ¥ç®çèªïŒçŽæ¥ç®çèª===
[[SïŒVïŒiOïŒdO]]ïŒ
仿¥ã®é«çåŠæ ¡ã«ãããè±ææ³ã§ã¯ãåè©ã代åè©ã«ã¯'''äž»æ Œã»æææ Œã»ç®çæ Œ'''ã®ïŒã€ã®æ Œããããšç¿ãã
æŽå²çã«ã¯ç®çæ Œã¯æŽã«ïŒã€ã®æ Œã«åããããïœããã«ããããã®ã¯'''å¯Ÿæ Œ'''ããïœã«ãã«ããããã®ã¯'''èæ Œ'''('''äžæ Œ''')ãšããã
'''鿥ç®çèª'''iOã¯'''èæ Œ'''ã衚ãã'''çŽæ¥ç®çèª'''dOã¯'''å¯Ÿæ Œ'''ã衚ãã
ãã®æåããšãåè©ãæäžåè©ãšããã
ãªããaskã¯çŽæ¥ç®çèªãäºéã«åãåè©ã§ãããæäžåè©ã§ã¯ãªããšãããã
äž»èªïŒåè©ïŒéæ¥ç®çèªïŒ åè©/代åè©
*You make me a fool.
*Let me buy you a drink.
*I'll give you some money.
äž»èªïŒåè©ïŒéæ¥ç®çèªïŒçåè©ïŒwhat, howãªã©ïŒtoäžå®è©
*He teaches her how to dance.ïŒåœŒã¯åœŒå¥³ã«ãã³ã¹ã®ä»æ¹ãæããïŒ
äž»èªïŒåè©ïŒéæ¥ç®çèªïŒåè©ç¯
*My teacher taught us that the earth goes around the sun.
*Please tell me when she comes home.
ç¬¬ïŒæåã®æã¯ãäžæ Œãto + nounãããã¯for + nounã«ãã£ãŠè¡šãããšã«ãã£ãŠãç¬¬ïŒæåã«æžãæããããšãå¯èœã ãšããã
* My father gave me a watch.ãâ My father gave a watch to me.
* She baked me cookies.ãâ She baked cookies for me.
toãšforã®ã©ã¡ããçšãããã¯ãåè©ã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºãŸã£ãŠãããã®ãšããŠãã»ã©åé¡ã¯çããªããããïœã«å¯ŸããŠããšããæ°æã¡ã§ã¯to,ãïœã®ããã«/ïœã«ä»£ãã£ãŠããšããæ°æã¡ã§ã¯forã䜿ããããããšãã°ãäžã®ïŒã€ã®äŸæã®ãã¡ãåŸè
ã¯ãïœã®ããã«ããšããæ°æã¡ã§äœ¿ãããŠãããšèããããããã®ãããªäžæ Œã®äœ¿ããæ¹ããæŽå²çã«ã¯'''å©çã®äžæ Œ'''ãšããã
ãªããSVOOã®æãšSVO to Oã®æã¯å
šãåãæå³ãªã®ããšããã°ãããã§ã¯ãªããçžæã«ãšã£ãŠæ°æ
å ±ã§ããæ
å ±ããç¹ã«çŠç¹ãããããæ
å ±ã®å Žåã¯ææ«ã«çœ®ãããåŸåã«ããã®ã§ãïŒã€ã®ç®çèªã®ãã¡ãã©ã¡ããæ°æ
å ±ã§ãã©ã¡ãã«éç¹ããããŠè©±ãã®ããèããé©åãªæ§æãéžã¶ã¹ãã§ããã
* What did your father give you? -My father gave me a watch. â
* What did your father give you? -My father gave a watch to me. Ã
ãŸããS V iO dOã¯ãdOãiOã®æã«æž¡ã£ãããšãŸã§å«æããäžæ¹ã§ãS V O to Nounã«ã¯ãã®ãããªæå³ã¯å«ãŸããªãã
===äž»èªïŒåè©ïŒç®çèªïŒè£èª===
[[SïŒVïŒOïŒC]]ïŒ
ãã®æåã«ãããè£èªã¯ãç®çèªã®ç¶æ
ã衚ãã®ã§ãç®çæ Œè£èªãšåŒã°ããã
OïŒCã®éšåã ããOïŒé£çµåè©(linking verb:be,seem,appearãªã©)ïŒCãæãšããŠæå³ãæããäŸãã°ãThey named their first baby William.ã§ããã°ãTheir first baby ''is'' William.ãæãç«ã€ã
SVOCã®æã¯ãã€ãŸããOCã®éšåã«é£çµåè©ãè±èœããç¬¬ïŒæåãçµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠãããšèããããã
äž»èªïŒåè©ïŒç®çèªïŒ åè©
*They made him president.
*My parents made me what I am.
äž»èªïŒåè©ïŒç®çèªïŒ 圢容è©
*I'll make you happy.
*Please leave the door open.
*You should keep your room clean.
äž»èªïŒåè©ïŒç®çèªïŒå¯è©
*I left a key on the table.
==è²ã
ãªæ§æ==
===åŠå®(negation)===
åŠå®ã¯ãæåŠå®ãšèªå¥åŠå®ãå
šäœåŠå®ãšéšååŠå®ãªã©ãšåããããšãã§ããã
====æåŠå®ãšèªå¥åŠå®====
'''æåŠå®'''
beåè©ãããã¯å©åè©ã®çŽåŸã«åŠå®ã衚ãå¯è©notãããã«æºãããã®(hardlyãªã©)ãæ¿å
¥ããããšã§æå
šäœãåŠå®ããæãã§ãããå©åè©ãå«ãŸãªãäžè¬åè©ã®æã¯ãåè©ã®åã«å©åè©doãè£ã£ãŠããããã®çŽåŸã«notãšç¶ããã
* I am ''not'' angry.ïŒç§ã¯æã£ãŠããŸããïŒ
* I do not know that.ïŒããã¯ç¥ããªãã£ãïŒ
* I do not have a good pen.ïŒç§ã¯ãããã³ãæã£ãŠããªãïŒ
* I cannot swim.ïŒç§ã¯æ³³ããªãïŒ
ãŸããã¢ãã¹ãããã£(')ã䜿ãããšã§"ïœ not"ã"ïœn't"ãšçç¥ããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
* I don't like this book.ïŒãã®æ¬ã¯å¥œããããªãïŒ
* I can't believe it.ïŒä¿¡ããããªãïŒ
ãã ããwill notã¯willn'tã§ã¯ãªãwon'tãshall notã¯shan'tã§ããããŸããamn'tãšã¯ãããªãããšã«æ³šæããããã(ã©ãããŠãam notãçž®ãããå Žåã¯ãaren'tã§ä»£çšããããain'tãšãã)
æ§æã¯è¯å®çã§ããäž»èªãç®çèªã«åŠå®çãªèªãå
¥ããããšã§ãåŠå®æãäœãããšãã§ããŸãã
* I have no money.ïŒç§ã¯ãéãæã£ãŠããªãïŒ
* There is nothing.ïŒããã«ã¯äœããªãïŒ
* No one can do it.ïŒèª°ã«ãã§ããªãïŒ
'''èªå¥åŠå®'''
åŠå®ãããèªå¥(ãããã¯ç¯)ã®çŽåã«notã眮ãããšã«ããããã®èªå¥ãåŠå®ããããšãã§ããã
* I married her not because she was rich.(richã ãããšããããã§ã¯ãªããã)
* Be careful not to fall.
* Not everyone likes him.
====Notã®è»¢ç§»====
è«ççã«é©åãªäœçœ®ããä»ã®å Žæãžnotãç§»åããçŸè±¡ãããããããnotã®è»¢ç§»ãšããããäžã«äŸãæããã
* I don't want to fall asleep.
* I don't think that he is honest.
ãã®ïŒã€ã®æã¯ãè«ççã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«æžããæ¹ãæ£ããã
* I want to not fall asleep.
* I think that he is not honest.
ãªããªãã°ãI don't wantã®å Žåã¯ãå®éã«ã¯ãïœããªãããšãæããããã§ãããI don't thinkã®å Žåã¯ãïœã§ãªããšèããŠãããããã§ããã
ã²ãã£ãšããããã³ãšããªãããç¥ããªãããã©ã¡ãã"é¡ã£ãŠãã"ããšã"èããŠãã"ããšã¯äºå®ã§ããã
ãã ããã®é¡ã£ãŠããããšãèããŠããããšã®å
容ãåŠå®çãªã®ã§ããã
ãã®ïŒäŸã®å Žåã¯ãnotã®è»¢ç§»ãæèããã«èš³ããŠãè§£éã«æ··ä¹±ãçããããšã¯ãªãã
ããããæ¬¡ã®äŸã®å Žåã¯ãïŒéãã®è§£éãååšããæèãããã¯é³å£°ã«ããåŒ·å¢æãã«ã¯ãã©ã¡ããæ£ãããšããããªãã
* I didn't marry George because he was rich.
ããã¯ãnot becauseã®notã転移ããå¯èœæ§ãèæ
®ããæ¬¡ã®ïŒéãã®è§£éãããããã
* I married George not because he was rich.(ãžã§ãŒãžãšçµå©ãããã圌ãéæã¡ã ã£ãããã§ã¯ãªã)
* I did not marry George. This is because he was rich.(ãžã§ãŒãžãéæã¡ã§ããããããçµå©ããªãã£ã)
===Itã仮䞻èªãšããæ§æ===
'''ItïŒåè©ïŒïœïŒïŒforïœïŒïŒtoäžå®è©'''
*äŸæ1ïŒIt makes me happy to play soccer.ïŒãµãã«ãŒãããããšã§ç§ã¯å¹žãã«ãªãïŒ
:ãã®ãšãã®'''Itã¯ã仮䞻èªããšãããtoäžå®è©ã®å
容ãæããItèªäœã¯æå³ã¯æãããïŒãããããšèš³ããŠã¯ãããªãïŒæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ãéã¯toäžå®è©ãæå
šäœã®äž»èªãšæããŠèš³ãã'''äŸæ1ã§ã¯ãto play soccerã®éšåãæå
šäœã®äž»èªã®åããããŠããã®ã§ãäž»èªãããµãã«ãŒãããããšããšããã
*äŸæ2ïŒIt is easy for me to understand English.ïŒç§ã¯è±èªãçè§£ããããšãç°¡åã ïŒ
:äŸæ2ã®å®è³ªäžã®äž»èªã¯ãã¡ããItã§ã¯ãªãto understand Englishã§ããã'''å眮è©forïŒäººïŒorç©ïŒ ãtoäžå®è©ã®åã«ãããšããã®äºº(orç©)ã¯toäžå®è©ã«å¯Ÿããæå³äžã®äž»èªã«ãªãã'''ã€ãŸããäŸæ2ã®å Žåãfor以äžã®éšåã¯ãI understand EnglishïŒç§ã¯è±èªãçè§£ããïŒãšåæã§ããã
===ThereïŒbeåè©===
'''ThereïŒbeåè©ïŒïœ'''
'''ThereïŒbeåè©'''ã¯'''ååšæ'''ãšãããçžæã«ãšã£ãŠã®'''æ°æ
å ±'''ã§ããç©ã人ã®ååšãç¥ãããã®ã«çšããããŸããäž»èªã¯beåè©ã®åŸãã«æ¥ãã®ã§ãäž»èªã¯åžžã«äžäººç§°ã§ããããããã«ãåæ°ã®ãã®ã®ååšã¯There isïœãè€æ°ã®ãã®ã®ååšã¯There areïœã§è¡šããŸããä»ã«ããéå»ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãã®ã§ããã°ãThere was[were]ïœ ãThere used to beïœãšãªããŸãã
*There is an apple.ïŒããããããïŒ
*There are some people.ïŒäœäººã人ãããïŒ
*There used to be a castle on the hill.
*There will be an answer.
there is ã®ç瞮圢ã¯there'sã§ãthere are ã®ç瞮圢ã¯there'reã§ãã
ãªããçžæã«ãšã£ãŠã®æ°æ
å ±ã§ãªããã°ãã®æ§æ(ååšæ)ã¯äœ¿ããŸããããã
*There is ''the'' apple on the table.
ã®ãããªæã¯äœããŸããã(å®å è©ã¯æ°æ
å ±ã衚ããªã)
===æ¯èŒæ§æ===
===æ¡ä»¶ã»ä»®å®===
ifç¯(if clause)ã«ãã£ãŠæ¡ä»¶ãä»®å®ã衚ãã
çŸå®ã«åããä»®å®(åå®ä»®æ³)ãããå Žåã«çšããããæ³(Mood)ã仮宿³ãšããããã以å€ã§ããã°çŽèª¬æ³ã§ããã
* If it rains tomorrow, I won't go shopping.
ããã¯ãåã«ãææ¥éšãéãããšããæ¡ä»¶ã®äžã§ã¯è²·ãç©ã«è¡ããªããšããæ¡ä»¶ã瀺ããã«éããŸãããããããã仮宿³ã§ã¯ãããŸããã仿¹ã§ã
* If I were[was] you, I wouldn't do that.(ç§ãããªãã ã£ããããããªãµãã«ã¯ããªãã®ã«ã)
ãã®æã¯ããç§ãããªãã§ããããšããããšãæãåŸãªããã€ãŸãã©ãèããŠãçŸå®ã«åããã®ã§ã仮宿³ã«ãã£ãŠæãèµ·ãã£ãŠããŸãã
====çŽèª¬æ³ã«ãããŠæ¡ä»¶ã瀺ã====
ifç¯ã®ä»ã«ãunlessããããŸããã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåã§ã¯ãunless㯠if ïœ notãšåãæå³ã«ãªããŸãããå
šãéãæå³ã«è§£éãããå ŽåããããŸããifãæ¡ä»¶ãªã®ã«å¯ŸããŠãunlessã¯åŠå®ã®æ¡ä»¶ãšãããã"é€å€"ãšèšã£ãã»ããæ£ç¢ºããç¥ããŸããã
* You may watch this film unless you are under 16.(16æ³ä»¥äžã§ããå Žåãé€ããŠããã®æ ç»ãèŠãŠãã)
* You may watch this film if you are not under 16.(16æ³ä»¥äžã§ãªãã®ã§ããã°ããã®æ ç»ãèŠãŠãã)
äžèšã®ãããªçç±ã«ãããunlessã¯å¿
ãããif notã§æžãæããããããã§ã¯ãããŸããã
æ¡ä»¶ã瀺ãå Žåãéåžžã«éèŠãªèŠåãšããŠã
æ¡ä»¶ã»æã衚ãå¯è©ç¯å
ã§ã¯æªæ¥è¡šçŸã¯äœ¿ããçŸåšæå¶ã§ä»£çšãã
ãšããèŠåããããŸãã
* If it rains tomorrow, I won't go shopping.(åæ²)
* Please tell me when she comes back.
ããããæ¡ä»¶ã衚ãç¯ã ãããæã衚ãç¯ã ããããå¯è©ç¯ã§ãªãåè©ç¯ã§ããã°åé¡ãªãæªæ¥è¡šçŸã¯äœ¿ãããŸãã
* I'll study if it will rain tomorrow.(ææ¥éšãéããã©ããã調ã¹ãã€ããã )
* Please tell me when she will come back.(圌女ããã€æ»ãã®ããæããŠãã ãã)
åè©ç¯ãšããŠæ±ãããå Žåã¯ãifã¯ãïœãã©ããããwhenã¯ããã€ïœããã®ã(ãšããããš)ããšããæå³ã«ãªããŸãã
ãŸããå
ã»ã©ã®èŠåã¯ã次ã®ãããªå Žåã«ãã£ããªãç ŽããŸãã
1) åçŽæªæ¥ã§ã¯ãªãæææªæ¥ã衚ãå Žå
2) äž»ç¯ã®åºæ¥äºã«ãã£ãŠifç¯å
ã®åºæ¥äºãåŒãèµ·ããããå Žå
ãŸãã1)ã®å ŽåããèŠãŸãã
* If you will study abroad, I'll help you.
ãã®æã§ã®willã¯äž»èªã®ææãè¡šãæææªæ¥ã§ããããå
ã»ã©ã®èŠåã¯é©çšãããŸããã
次ã«2)ã®å ŽåãèŠãŸãããã
* If it will lead to the release of the hostages, he will pay even one million dollars in ransom.
(人質解æŸã«ç¹ãããã ã£ããã圌ã¯100äžãã«ã§ãã身代éãæ¯æãã ãã)
ãã®æã®å Žåã¯ãäž»ç¯(he will ïœ)ããŸãèµ·ããããšã«ãã£ãŠããã®åŸã«äººè³ªè§£æŸãšããåºæ¥äºãèµ·ããã®ã§ãå
ã»ã©ã®èŠåãé©çšãããªãããã§ãã
====仮宿³(1) 仮宿³éå»====
çŸåšãäžå¿ãšããããšã«å¯Ÿããåå®ä»®æ³ã¯ä»®å®æ³éå»ã§è¡šãã
ããšãã°ãI am in your position.ãä»®æ³ããå Žåãªã©ã
åå®ä»®æ³ãªã®ã§ã'''çŸå®ã«åããŠãã'''ããšã倧åæã
äžçªç°¡åãªåœ¢ãšããŠã¯ã
If S V(éå»åœ¢) ïœ, S would[might/should/could] V(åå) ïœ.
* If you came to the party, you would have a good time.
ãã®å Žåã¯ããå®éã«ã¯ããŒãã£ã«æ¥ãŠããªããããšãåæã«ãªããŸãã
ä»ã«ãäŸãæããŸãã
*If I had enough money, I could buy the new game.ïŒãããéããã£ãããæ°ããã²ãŒã ãè²·ããã®ã«ïŒ
ãã®æã¯ãäºã€ã®æç« ãé£çµãããŠããŸããã€ãŸããI had enough moneyã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºããããŠãããªãã°ãI could buy the new game.ã§ããã ããããšãã仮宿³ã®æã§ãã
åœç¶ããã®ãããªæ¡ä»¶ãæºããããŠããªãããšãåæãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã
ã€ãŸããçŸå®ã«ã¯ãããéãç¡ãã£ããããæ°ããã²ãŒã ã¯è²·ããªãã£ããããªã®ã§ãã
éèŠãªå®å衚çŸã«ã
If it were not for ïœ, ïŒ ããããïœããªãã£ããã
ããããŸãã
* If it were not for water, no living thing could live.
ãã°ãã°ãwithoutïœãBut for ïœã«ä»£çšãããŸãã
* Without water,ïœ
* But for water,ïœ
====仮宿³(2) 仮宿³éå»å®äº====
éå»ã«èµ·ãã£ãäºå®ã«åããä»®æ³ã»ä»®å®ã衚ãå Žåã«ã¯ã仮宿³éå»å®äºãçšããã
åºæ¬çãªåœ¢ãšããŠã¯ã
If S+had+P.P.ïœ, S+would[should/might/could] have+P.P.ïœ.
ãšãªãã
* If you had come to the party, you would have a good time.
å眮ãããšifãæ¶æ»
ããã
* Had you come to the party, you would have a good time.
* If it had not been for your help, I couldn't have finished the work.
= Had it not been for your help, ïœ.
= Without your help, ïœ. = But for your help, ïœ.
====仮宿³(3) ifç¯ã«ãããªãä»®å®====
===ç®çèªïŒtoäžå®è©===
äž»èªïŒtellïŒwantïŒexpectãªã©ïŒç®çèªïŒtoäžå®è©
===äœ¿åœ¹æ§æ===
make,let,have+ç®çèª+åè©ã®åå
makeãletãªã©ã®èªã䜿ãããšã§ãä»äººãç©ã«åããããŠããåè©ã®å圢ãããããããšããæãäœãããšãã§ããŸãã
*I let him know.ïŒåœŒã«ç¥ãããïŒ
ããã¯åœä»€æã§ãæå¹ã§ããLet'sïœã¯Let usã®çç¥åœ¢ã§ãçŽèš³ããã°ãæã
ã«ïœãããããšãªããŸãããæ
£çšå¥ãªã®ã§ãïœãããããšèš³ãããŸãã
*Let's play tennis.ïŒããã¹ãããããïŒ
*Let me do it.ïŒç§ã«ãããŠäžãããïŒ
===çåæ===
====äžè¬çåæ(Yes/No question)====
çåæã¯å©åè©ãæé ã«æã£ãŠããããšã§äœããŸããããããŠäœãããçåæã¯ãyes/noã§çããããçåæã§ããããšãããyes/no questionãããã¯äžè¬çåæãšãããŸãã
beåè©ãçšããæã®å Žåã¯ãbeåè©ãæé ã«ç§»åããŸããæäžã«å©åè©ãå«ãŸãªãæã®å Žåã¯ãå©åè©do[does/did]ãæé ã«ãããŸãã
*Are you a student?
*Do you like coffee?
*Can you speak Japanese?
*Did you read my mail?
====ç¹æ®çåæ====
ãã®ä»ã«ããç¹æ®çåæ,ä»å çåæãªã©ããããŸãã
ç¹æ®çåæã¯ãçåæã®æé ã«çåè©ãä»ããŸããçåè©ã¯æ¬¡ã®6çš®é¡ããããäžè¬çã«5W1HãšåŒã°ããŸãã
*WhatïŒäœ/äœã®ïŒãããããçå代åè©/çå圢容è©
*WhoïŒèª°ã/誰ãïŒãããã çå代åè©
*WhereïŒã©ãã«[ã§/ãž]ïŒãçåå¯è©
*WhenïŒãã€ã«ïŒããããã çåå¯è©
*WhyïŒãªãïŒãããããããçåå¯è©
*HowïŒã©ããã£ãŠïŒããããçåå¯è©
ãã®ä»
*WhichïŒã©ãïŒ
*WhoseïŒèª°ã®ïŒ
=====çå代åè©/圢容è©what=====
Whatã¯ãäœãã衚ãçå代åè©/圢容è©ã§ããææ³çã«ã¯ä»£åè©/圢容è©ã®æ±ããšãªããŸãã
çå代åè©whatãè£èªã®å Žå
*What is that?ïŒããã¯äœïŒïŒ
*What are those?ïŒãããã¯äœã§ãããïŒ
çå代åè©whatãç®çèªã®å Žå
*What are you doing?ïŒäœãããŠããã®ïŒïŒ
*What does it mean?ïŒã©ãããæå³ïŒïŒ
*What can I do?ïŒäœãã§ããïŒïŒ
çå代åè©whatãäž»èªã®å Žå
*What made you think so?ïŒã©ãããŠããæãã®ããïŒ
çå圢容è©ãšããŠäœ¿ãå Žå
ãWhatïŒåè©ã®åœ¢ã§äœ¿ããŸãã
*What time is it?ïŒä»äœæïŒïŒ
*What sport[colour/season] do you like the best?ïŒã©ã®ã¹ããŒã[è²/å£ç¯]ãäžçªå¥œãã§ãããïŒ
=====çå代åè©who=====
Whoã¯ã誰ãã衚ãçå代åè©ã§ããWhatãç©äºã«å¯ŸããŠäœ¿ãããã®ã«å¯ŸããŠãWhoã¯äººç©ã«å¯ŸããŠäœ¿ããŸãã
whoãè£èªã®å Žå
*Who are you?ïŒããªãã¯èª°ïŒïŒ
*Who is it?
whoãç®çèªã®å Žå
ãwhomãšããçåè©ãååšãããããã»ã©formalãªè±èªä»¥å€ã§ã¯äœ¿ãããªãã
*Who did you send it to?
*Who do you work for?
*Who is she playing tennis with?
whoãäž»èªã®å Žå
*Who did it?ïŒèª°ãããïŒïŒ
以äžã®ããã«ãé¢ä¿ä»£åè©whoã¯äž»æ Œã»ç®çæ Œã®ãããããšãããšãã§ãã(ãã ããformalãªè±èªã§ã¯ç®çæ Œã¯whomãšãã)ã®ã ãã屿 Œ(æææ Œ)ããšãããšã¯ã§ããªããwhoã®ïŒæ Œ(屿 Œ)ã¯whoseã§ãããæ¥æ¬èªã®ã誰ã®ïœãã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã
=====çåå¯è©where=====
Whereã¯ãã©ããã衚ãåèªã§ããå Žæãå°ããã®ã«äœ¿ããŸãã
çåå¯è©ã§ãããææ³çã«ã¯å¯è©ãšããŠæ±ãããŸãã
*Where is my bag?ïŒç§ã®ããã°ã¯ã©ãïŒïŒ
*Where do you live?ïŒã©ãã«äœãã§ããã®ïŒïŒ
*Where are you going?ïŒã©ãã«è¡ãã®ïŒïŒ
ææ³çã«ã¯å¯è©ã®æ±ãã§ãã®ã§ã
*? ''Where'' is the capital of Japan?
ã¯èª€æãšãªããŸãã(è¿çã"It is åè©"ã®åœ¢ã§ããã¹ããªã®ã§)
ãã®å Žåã¯ãWhereãçå代åè©ã®Whatã«æããã¹ãã§ãã
(æé ã®?ã¯ããã®æãäžèªç¶ããããã¯ææ³çã«èª€ã£ãæã§ããããšã瀺ããŠããŸãã)
=====çåå¯è©when=====
Whenã¯ããã€ãã衚ãçåå¯è©ã§ããæéãå°ããã®ã«äœ¿ããŸãã
*When did you come to Japan?
*When will he leave for China?
=====çåå¯è©why=====
Whyã¯ããªããã衚ãçåå¯è©ã§ããçç±ãåãã®ã«äœ¿ãããŸãã
*Why is that boy crying?
*Why didn't you send e-mail to me yesterday?
*Why do you want to go abroad?
=====çåå¯è©how=====
Howã¯ãã©ããã£ãŠ/ã©ã®ãããª/ã©ã®ãããããªã©ã®æå³ã衚ãçåå¯è©ã§ããæ¹æ³ã»æ§æ
ã»çšåºŠãåãã®ã«äœ¿ãããŸãã
*How are you?
*How is the weather?
*How about tea?
*How do you go to school?
ãŸããæ°éã衚ãåèªãªã©ãšçµã¿åãããããšã§ãéãèãããšãã§ããŸãã
*How many?
*How much?
=====çå代åè©which=====
Whichã¯ãã©ããã衚ãçå代åè©ã§ããéžæè¢ãããããã®äžããéžã¶æã«äœ¿ããŸãã
*Which way to go to city hall?
*Which shoes do you like?
====ä»å çåæ(Tag question)====
ææ«ã«ã,å©åè©ïŒäž»èª?ãä»å ããããšã«ãã£ãŠããïœã§ããããããšãã確èªã®æå³ã®çåæãäœããã
è¯å®æã«å¯ŸããŠã¯åŠå®åœ¢ã®å©åè©ããåŠå®æã«å¯ŸããŠã¯åŠå®åœ¢ã§ãªãå©åè©ãä»å ããã
* You are a doctor, aren't you?
* You can see a myriad of stars, can't you?
* Your daughter will be sixteen next month, won't she?
* There isn't any light in that cave, is there?
ãã ããäžèŠè¯å®æã«èŠããŠãåŠå®ã®æå³ã衚ãæããéã«äžèŠåŠå®æã ãè¯å®ã®æå³ã衚ãæãããã®ã§æ³šæãããã
ãªããä»å çåã¯ã以äžã®ãããªãïœã§ãããããšãã確èªã®æå³ã®çå以å€ã«ã誰ãã®èšèãç¹°ãè¿ãããã誰ãã®èšèããæšè«ããŠããïœãšããããšã«ãªããŸããããšããçåã衚ãããšãã§ãã(ç¹°ãè¿ãçå)ããã®å Žåã¯ã確èªçåã®å Žåãšã¯éã«ãåŠå®æã«å¯ŸããŠåŠå®åœ¢ã®å©åè©ãä»å ããã
===åè©æ§æ(Participial Construction)===
åè©ã«ãã£ãŠæä¿®é£Ÿã®å¯è©å¥ãäœããæ¥ç¶è©ïŒäž»èªïŒåè©ïœãšåãåãããããæã®ããšã
ããšãã°ã
* If you turn to the left, you will see the post office.
ã¯ã次ã®åè©æ§æã«æžãæããããŸãã
* Turning to the left, you will see the post office.
====åè©æ§æã®äœãæ¹====
''conj.''=æ¥ç¶è©, ''subj.''=äž»èª, ''verb''=åè©
è€æ ''conj.'' + ''subj.''1 + ''verb''1 ïœ, ''subj.''2 + ''verb''2 ïœ. ãåè©æ§æã«æ¹ããå Žåã
ãŸãã¯ãæ¥ç¶è©ãåããã€ã¥ããŠsubj.1ãšsubj.2ãäžèŽããŠããå Žåã¯''subj.''1ãåããæåŸã«ã''verb''1ãåè©ã«æžãæãããšããæ©æ¢°çãªæç¶ãã«ãã£ãŠåè©æ§æãäœãããšãã§ããã
* While I was waiting for a bus, I was spoken to by a stranger. â Waiting for a bus, I was spoken to by a stranger.
====ç¬ç«åè©æ§æ(Absolute Participial Construction)====
è€æ ''conj.'' + ''subj.''1 + ''verb''1 ïœ, ''subj.''2 + ''verb''2 ïœ. ã«ããã''subj.''1ãš''subj.''2ãäžèŽããªãå Žåã
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Weather permitting(倩åãèš±ãã°)ã®ãããªæ±ºãŸãæå¥ãããã
* It being very hot, I was reluctant to go to school.
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strictly speakingïŒå³å¯ã«èšãã°ïŒ
judging from ïœïŒïœãã倿ããã°ïŒ
taking ïœ into considerationïŒïœãèæ
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all things consideredïŒãã¹ãŠãèæ
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speaking of ïœïŒïœãšèšãã°ïŒããªã©
====æžååè©(Dangling Participle)====
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* Being in times of trouble, his expression was bitter.
äžã®æã®å Žåãåè©ã®æå³äžã®äž»èªã¯heã§ãããhis expressionã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãHe being in ïœã®æ¹ãé©åãªã®ã§ããããã®æå³äžã®äž»èªãæãèœã¡ãŠããŸã£ãŠããŸãã
æžååè©ã¯ææ³çã«æ£ãããªãã®ã§çšãã¬ããã«ãã¹ãã ãšèšãããŠããã
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æäžã®èª(Word), å¥(Phrase), ç¯(Clause)ã匷調ããããã«ã¯ããã€ãã®æ¹æ³ãããã
====èªå¥ã«ãã匷調====
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* It grows '''colder and colder'''.
* I tried to persuade him into studying '''over and over again'''.
=====å©åè©doã«ãã匷調=====
å©åè©do[does; did]ãåè©ã®çŽåã«çœ®ãããšã«ãã匷調ã衚ãããã®å Žåãdo[does; did]ã«åŒ·å¢(stress)ã眮ãããã
*He said he would come, and he '''did''' come.
=====çåè©ã®åŒ·èª¿=====
çåè©ã匷調ããåã°æ±ºãŸãæå¥ãšãªã£ãŠããèªå¥ããããæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããšãäžäœå
šäœïœããšãã£ãèš³ã«ãªãã
* Where '''on earth''' have you been?
* Who '''in the world''' did it?
* What '''the hell''' will happen?
=====åŠå®ã®æå³ã®åŒ·èª¿=====
not ⊠at all, not ⊠in the leastãªã©ã§åŠå®ã®æå³ã匷調ã§ããã
* I can'''not''' understand it '''at all'''.
* He is '''not in the least''' interested in Engilish literature.
====åè£æ(Cleft Sentence)====
ç¯ã®äžã®åŒ·èª¿ãããèª, å¥, ç¯ã匷調ããªãèŠçŽ ãšåããŠãé¢ä¿è©ãthatç¯ãªã©ã䜿ãåè£ãããæã®ããšã匷調ããèŠçŽ ãšãã以å€ãåè£ãããã'''åè£æ'''(cleft sentence)ãšããã髿 ¡ã§ç¿ãIt is[was]ïŒåŒ·èª¿ãããèŠçŽ ïŒthatïœã¯ãã®åè£æã®äžçš®ã§ãããåè£æã«ãã匷調ã®äŸãäžã«èšãã匷調ãããèªå¥,ç¯ãªã©ã¯ã€ã¿ãªãã¯ã§è¡šèšããã
* '''It was''' John '''that[who]''' broke the window.(èªã®åŒ·èª¿)
* '''It was''' ''because he was rich'' '''that''' she didn't marry him.(ç¯ã®åŒ·èª¿)
* '''What holds''' ''the key to success'' is will power.
æåŸã®æã¯ãåè£æã䜿ããã«æžããšãThe key to success is will power.(æåã®éµã¯æå¿åã§ãã)
====å眮ã«ãã匷調====
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ãªããåã°ããã¯èå¥åããŒãã«ã®å®äœãã®ãã®ã§ãããããããã¯ã«çµã³ä»ããããã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãã«ããããšã¯ã§ããŸãããèšãæãããšãlocal倿°ã«ã¯ã§ãããmy倿°ã«ã¯ã§ããŸããã
ãŸããç¹å®ã®ããŒã¿åã®ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã代å
¥ãããšããã®ããŒã¿åã«éå®ããŠå¥åãå®çŸ©ã§ããŸã: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯Perlã®å€æ°ãšããŒã¿æ§é ã«ã€ããŠã®åºæ¬çãªäºé
ãåŠã³ãŸããå¿çšçãªäºé
ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã§è§ŠããŸãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã§ã¯ã倿°ã¯ãããŒã¿ãæ ŒçŽããé å(ãªããžã§ã¯ã)ã«ä»ããããååãã§ãã åããªããžã§ã¯ãã2ã€ä»¥äžã®å€æ°ãæã瀺ãããšããããŸãããé
åã®èŠçŽ ã®ããã«ãåäœã§ã¯ååããªããªããžã§ã¯ãããããŸãã 倿°ãçšããããšã«ãããããŒã¿ãããæè»ã«æ±ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "倿°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倿°ã®å©çšã®åœ¢æ
ã¯å€§ããåããŠå®£èšã代å
¥ãåç
§ã®3çš®ã§ãã",
"title": "倿°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã«ã¯3ã€ã®çµã¿èŸŒã¿ããŒã¿åããããŸãã",
"title": "倿°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倿°ã®ããŒã¿åã¯ãæ¥é èŸ( sigil ; ã·ãžã«)ã«ãã£ãŠåºå¥ããŸãã",
"title": "倿°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã¯ãå
éšã«æ§é ããããªãããã äžã€ãã®å€ãä¿æã§ããããŒã¿åã§ãæ¥é èŸã¯ã$(ãã«ããŒã¯;Scalar ã® S)ã§ãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã¯ãæŒç®ååŒãè©äŸ¡ããã«åœãããæŒç®åããšã«ãªãã©ã³ãã®åã匷å¶çã«å€æããŸãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯ãç䟡ãªä»£å
¥æŒç®åã«ããå®è£
ã§ãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸå€çã«ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãæŒç®åã¯æ°å€ã«ãæååã«ãäœçšããŸãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªæååããªãã©ã³ãã«åã£ããšãã®ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããããžã«ã«ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããšåŒã³ãŸãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é
åã¯ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã®éåã§ãæŽæ°ã®ã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ã§ããããã®èŠçŽ ã¹ã«ã©ãŒãåç
§ã§ããããŒã¿åã§ãæ¥é èŸã¯ã@(ã¢ããããŒã¯;array ã® a)ã§ãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åœããåã®ããã§ãããåçåä»ãã®èšèªã®äžã§ã¯ãæå€ãšå°æ°æŽŸã§ãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ã»ããPythonãé
åã®ä»£å
¥ã¯å¥åäœæã§ããå°æ°æŽŸã§ãããPHPãPerlãšåãã§ãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é
åã«ãªãã©ã«ã¯ãããŸããã é
åãªãã©ã«é¢šã«èŠãããã®ã¯ãªã¹ãã§ãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã¹ãã¯ãã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»é
åãããã·ã¥ã®ãããªããŒã¿åã§ã¯ãªãæžåŒã§ãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é
å倿°ã®åæåã«ãªã¹ãã䜿ãããã®ã§çŽããããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã¹ãã¯ãè€æ°ã®å€æ°ãäžæ¬å®£èšããããå€å€ä»£å
¥ã«ã€ããããŸãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é
åãšãªã¹ãã¯äŒŒéã£ãŠããŸããåºå¥ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãã«",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "qwæŒç®åã䜿ã£ãŠ",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "qwæŒç®åã¯ã空çœã§åºåã£ãæåã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãåãåããåºåãããæååãèŠçŽ ãšãããªã¹ããè¿ããŸãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "10,4,2ã®ããã«åºåãæåãã€ããŠåºåãããå ŽåãçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ° join ã䜿ãããç¹æ®å€æ°$,ã䜿ããŸãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "sort颿°ã䜿ããšãé
åãäžŠã¹æ¿ããäºãã§ããŸãã äžŠã¹æ¿ããããšãã§ããŸãããæ°å€ã®é
åã§ãã£ãŠãèŸæžé ã«äžŠã¹æ¿ããŠããŸããŸãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ã©ã€ã¹ã¯ãé
åãããã·ã¥ã®éšåéåãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹æ¹æ³ãæäŸããŸãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã·ã¥ã¯ãããŒãšãªãæååãšã¹ã«ã©ãŒã®å€ããã¢ã®éåã®ããŒã¿åã§ããããã·ã¥ã¯é
åãšã¯éã£ãŠãé åºã¯äžå®ã§ãªãããšãä¿èšŒãããŸãã ããã·ã¥å€æ°ã®æ¥é èŸã¯ % ã§ãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã§ã¯ãæŒç®åã«ãã£ãŠãªãã©ã³ãã®åãæ±ºãŸãã®ã§ãããã«åãããŠæé»ã®å倿ãèµ·ãããŸãã ããã¯ãæç€ºçãªåå€æã®æéãçãäžæ¹ãããã°ã©ããŒã®æå³ãšã¯ç°ãªã倿ãè¡ãªãããå±ãããå«ãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãæ±ãããŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãHello Worldã ã®ãããªæååãPerl ã§æ±ãå Žåã\"(ããã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³)ã§å²ã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "Perlãæ±ãããŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã·ã³ã°ã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ ' ' ã§æååãå²ãããšãåºããŸããã",
"title": "Perlãæ±ãããŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®2ç¹ãããã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ã§å²ãã å Žåãšç°ãªããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãæ±ãããŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãPerlã§ã¯æŒç®åããªãã©ã³ããæé»ã«å€æããã®ã§ãæŒç®åããšã®ãªãã©ã³ãåã®çè§£ã倧åã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãæ±ãããŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåžžãåŒçšç¬Šã§å²ãŸããæååã¯ããªãã©ã«å€ãšããŠèããããŠããŸãããPerlã§ã¯æŒç®åãšããŠæ©èœããæ§ã
ãªçš®é¡ã®è£éããã¿ãŒã³ãããã®æ©èœãæäŸããŸãã Perlã§ã¯ããããã®åäœã®ããã«éåžžã®åŒçšç¬ŠãçšæãããŠããŸãããä»»æã®åŒçšç¬Šãéžæããæ¹æ³ãçšæãããŠããŸãã æ¬¡ã®è¡šã§ã¯ã{}ã¯åºåãæåã®ãã¢ã衚ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãæ±ãããŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã®æ°å€ã¯ãå
éšçã«ã¯ãã€ãã£ããªæŽæ°ã»ãã€ãã£ããªæµ®åå°æ°ç¹æ°ã»æ°å€ã瀺ãæååã§èšæ¶ããŸãã æ°å€ãªãã©ã«ã¯ã10鲿°ã2鲿°(0bãå眮), 8鲿°(0ãããã¯0oãå眮), 16鲿°(0xãå眮)ã«ãã£ãŠæ°å€ã衚çŸã§ããŸãã ãŸããææ°è¡šçŸãå¯èœã§ãã",
"title": "Perlãæ±ãããŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã¯ãæ°å€ãšããŠã®éæ°(NaN)ãšç¡é倧(Inf)ããµããŒãããŠããŸãã ãã ãã倧æŠã®NaNãInfãè¿ããããªæŒç®ã§ã¯äŸå€ãäžãã£ãŠæ¥ãŸãããæ°å€ãªãã©ã«ãšããŠã® NaN ã Inf ã¯ãªãã\"NaN\" ãš \"Inf\" ãã€ãããŸãã ãã®ãšãã倧æåå°æåãåããåçŽãªå
é äžèŽãªã®ã§ã以äžã®ãããªå°ãé¢åãªç¶æ³ãããããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãæ±ãããŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倿° $n ããããšãã $n != $n ãçãªã NaNãabs($n) == \"Inf\" ãçãªã Inf ãŸã㯠-Inf ã§ãã",
"title": "Perlãæ±ãããŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã«éãããæ°å€èšç®ã«ã¯èª€å·®ã䌎ããŸãã äŸãã°ã0.01 ã 100 åè¶³ããŠã 1 ã«ã¯ãªããŸããã ãããä¿èšŒããæ¹æ³ã¯ããã€ããããŸãããããã§ã¯ã«ãã³ã®å ç®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã玹ä»ããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãæ±ãããŒã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã°ã©ããŒã倿°ã宣èšããªããŠããããã€ãã®å€æ°ã¯æ©èœã決ãŸã£ãŠããŠãäºåã«Perlã«çšæãããŠããããã®ãããªå€æ°ãç¹æ®å€æ°ãããã¯åŠçç³»å®çŸ©æžã¿å€æ°ãšèšããŸãã",
"title": "ç¹æ®å€æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãã°ç¹æ®å€æ° $0 ã¯ãããã°ã©ã åã代å
¥ãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ç¹æ®å€æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倿°ã颿°ã宿°ãªã©ããåŒã®äžã§ã©ã®ããã«è©äŸ¡ããããæ±ºå®ãããã®ã§ãã 倧å¥ãããšã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»ã³ã³ããã¹ããšãªã¹ãã»ã³ã³ããã¹ãããããã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»ã³ã³ããã¹ãã«ããããå€ã¯ã¹ã«ã©ãŒãšããŠããªã¹ãã»ã³ã³ããã¹ãã«ããããå€ã¯ãªã¹ããšããŠè©äŸ¡ãããŸãã ã³ã³ããã¹ããšå®éã®ããŒã¿ãé£ãéã£ãŠããå Žåãæ¬¡ã®ãããªèŠåã§è©äŸ¡ãããŸãã",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã©ã®ããã«ã³ã³ããã¹ããæäŸããããã以äžã«ããã€ãäŸã瀺ããŸãã",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "代å
¥åŒã¯å³èŸºã«ã巊蟺ãšåãã³ã³ããã¹ããæäŸããŸã:",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é
åã¯ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»ã³ã³ããã¹ãã§è©äŸ¡ããããšãã®èŠçŽ æ°ãè¿ãã®ã§ãçµæãšããŠ$numberã«ã¯3ã代å
¥ãããŸãã ãã ããã®ãããªçµæã«ãªãã®ã¯é
åã ãã§ãã åè¿°ãããšããããªã¹ããã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»ã³ã³ããã¹ãã§è©äŸ¡ããããšãæåŸã®èŠçŽ ãè¿ãããŸã:",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã $foo ã«ä»£å
¥ãããŸãããæ®ãã®2ã€ã®å€æ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã察å¿ããå³èŸºå€ããªãçºæªå®çŸ©ãšãªããŸãã ãããã£ãŠãããã¯æ¬¡ã®ã³ãŒããšç䟡ã§ã:",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã©ã¯ãŒã宣èšããããµãã«ãŒãã³ã¯ãããã©ã«ãã§åŒæ°ã«ãªã¹ãã»ã³ã³ããã¹ããæäŸããŸã:",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è§£éãããŸãã",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸããæ¬åŒ§ã®ãªããµãã«ãŒãã³åŒã³åºãã¯ãªã¹ãæŒç®åãšããŠæ±ãããŸãã",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããã",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè§£éããããã®ãªãããã©ã¯ãŒã宣èšã«ãããã¿ã€ããä»å ããããšã«ãã£ãŠåé
æŒç®åãšããŠè§£éãããããšãã§ããŸã:",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»ã³ã³ããã¹ãã¯ããã«",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«çްåãããè©äŸ¡ãããŸãã",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é·ãã«å¶éã®ãªãæååãšããŠæ±ãããŸãã",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°å€ã¯ãã®ãŸãŸæååã«å€æãããæªå®çŸ©å€ã¯ç©ºæååã«ãªããŸãããªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãæååã«ãªããŸãããæååãšããŠåŠçããããªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãåã³ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã«æ»ãããšã¯ã§ããŸãã:",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°å€ãªãã©ã«ãšããŠè§£éã§ããæååã¯æ°å€ãšããŠæ±ãããŸãããã以å€ã®æåããããšããã§è§£éãçµäºããŸãã",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ifãwhileãªã©ã®å¶åŸ¡æ§æã修食æãandãorãªã©ã®è«çæŒç®åãæäŸããã³ã³ããã¹ãã§ãã",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åœãšãªããã®ã¯:",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãããæ®ãã¯å
šãŠçãšè§£éãããŸãã",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæåå'0'ããšã¯'0'ãšããæååã®ããšã§ãããæ°å€ã³ã³ããã¹ãã§0ãšè§£éãããæååå
šãŠã®ããšã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§æ³šæããŠãã ããã æ¬¡ã®ãã®ã¯å
šãŠçãšãªããŸã:",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è©äŸ¡ããçµæãæšãŠãããŠããŸãã®ã§ãå€ãæåŸ
ããªãã³ã³ããã¹ãã§ããæ»ãå€ã®ãªã颿°åŒã³åºããªã©ãå¯äœçšãç®çãšããŠäœ¿ãããŸãã å¯äœçšããªãã³ãŒãã¯ãperlã«-wã¹ã€ãããã€ããŠå®è¡ãããšèŠåãçºããããŸã:",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã§ã¯ç°ãªãããŒã¿åã«å¯ŸããŠåãèå¥åãäžããããšãã§ããŸã:",
"title": "åã°ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "PerlåŠçç³»ã¯å
éšã«èå¥åããŒãã«ãšåŒã°ããããã·ã¥ãæã£ãŠããŸãããã®ããŒã¯èå¥åã§ããã察å¿ããå€ã¯åã°ãããšããããŒã¿æ§é ã§ããåã°ããã¯åãèå¥åãæã€ãã¹ãŠã®ããŒã¿åãžã®ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãæ ŒçŽããŠããŸããã€ãŸãäžèšã®äŸã ãšèå¥å'foo'ã®åã°ããã«ã¯ã¹ã«ã©ãŒãé
åãããã·ã¥ããµãã«ãŒãã³ãšãã4ã€ã®ããŒã¿åãžã®ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãæ ŒçŽãããŠããŸããåã°ããã¯èå¥åã®åã«'*'ãšãããã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãä»å ããŠè¡šçŸãããŸã:",
"title": "åã°ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åã°ããèªèº«ã¯ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãæ ŒçŽããããã·ã¥ã§ãããããŒã¯ããŒã¿åã®ååã§ã:",
"title": "åã°ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åã°ãããããŒã¿æ§é ã®äžã€ã§ãããã代å
¥ãè©äŸ¡ãã§ããŸããåã°ããã«å¥ã®åã°ããã代å
¥ãããšã倿°ã®å¥å(ãšã€ãªã¢ã¹)ãå®çŸ©ããããšãåºæ¥ãŸã:",
"title": "åã°ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ãã€ãŠPerlã«ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ããªãã£ãé ããµãã«ãŒãã³ã«åŒæ°ãåç
§æž¡ãããã®ã«å©çšãããŠããŸããããŸãããã¡ã€ã«ãã³ãã«ãšãã©ãŒãããã«ã¯ãã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãååšããªãã®ã§ãããããåãæž¡ãããå Žåã®å¯äžã®ææ®µã§ããããŸããã",
"title": "åã°ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŸåšã§ã¯ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãå©çšã§ããã®ã§ãåã°ããã䜿ãå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããããã¡ã€ã«ãã³ãã«ããã©ãŒãããã«é¢ããŠãIOã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãªã©ã§ãªããžã§ã¯ããšããŠæ±ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "åã°ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããåã°ããã¯èå¥åããŒãã«ã®å®äœãã®ãã®ã§ãããããããã¯ã«çµã³ä»ããããã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãã«ããããšã¯ã§ããŸãããèšãæãããšãlocal倿°ã«ã¯ã§ãããmy倿°ã«ã¯ã§ããŸããã",
"title": "åã°ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããç¹å®ã®ããŒã¿åã®ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã代å
¥ãããšããã®ããŒã¿åã«éå®ããŠå¥åãå®çŸ©ã§ããŸã:",
"title": "åã°ãã"
}
] | ããã§ã¯Perlã®å€æ°ãšããŒã¿æ§é ã«ã€ããŠã®åºæ¬çãªäºé
ãåŠã³ãŸããå¿çšçãªäºé
ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã§è§ŠããŸãã
| <noinclude>
{{Nav}}
:<small>[[ããã°ã©ãã³ã°]] > [[Perl]] > 倿°ãããŒã¿æ§é </small>
ããã§ã¯Perlã®å€æ°ãšããŒã¿æ§é ã«ã€ããŠã®åºæ¬çãªäºé
ãåŠã³ãŸããå¿çšçãªäºé
ã«ã€ããŠã¯[[Perl/ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹|ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹]]ã§è§ŠããŸãã
</noinclude>
<includeonly>
= 倿°ãšããŒã¿å =
{{å
é ã«æ»ã}}
</includeonly>
== 倿° ==
Perlã§ã¯ã倿°ã¯ãããŒã¿ãæ ŒçŽããé åïŒãªããžã§ã¯ãïŒã«ä»ããããååãã§ãã
åããªããžã§ã¯ããïŒã€ä»¥äžã®å€æ°ãæã瀺ãããšããããŸãããé
åã®èŠçŽ ã®ããã«ãåäœã§ã¯ååããªããªããžã§ã¯ãããããŸãã
倿°ãçšããããšã«ãããããŒã¿ãããæè»ã«æ±ãããšãã§ããŸãã
倿°ã®å©çšã®åœ¢æ
ã¯å€§ããåããŠ'''宣èš'''ã'''代å
¥'''ã'''åç
§'''ã®3çš®ã§ãã
=== ããŒã¿å ===
Perlã«ã¯3ã€ã®çµã¿èŸŒã¿ããŒã¿åããããŸãã
;[[#ã¹ã«ã©ãŒ|ã¹ã«ã©ãŒ]]
:;æåå:ãµã€ãºã¯åããã䜿çšå¯èœãªã¡ã¢ãªéã«å¶éãããŸã
:;æ°å€
::;æŽæ°:åŠçç³»åºæã®ãã€ãã£ããªæŽæ°
::;æµ®åå°æ°ç¹æ°:åŠçç³»åºæã®ãã€ãã£ããªæŽæ°
::;æååã§è¡šçŸãããæ°å€:äžèšã®æŽæ°ã»æµ®åå°æ°ç¹æ°ãPerlã®æ°å€ãªãã©ã«ã§è¡šçŸãããã®ïŒâNaNâ âInfâ ãªã©ãå«ãŸããŸãïŒ
:;åç
§:ããã«ã€ããŠã¯ [[#ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹|ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹]] ã§èª¬æããŸã
;[[#é
å|é
å]]:ã«ã©ãŒã0ããå§ãŸãçªå·ã§ã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãããé åºä»ãã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³
;[[#ããã·ã¥|ããã·ã¥]]:ã¹ã«ã©ãŒå€ãé¢é£ããæååããŒã§ã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãããé åºä»ãã§ãªãã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³
=== æ¥é èŸ ===
倿°ã®ããŒã¿åã¯ãæ¥é èŸïŒ ''sigil'' ; ã·ãžã«ïŒã«ãã£ãŠåºå¥ããŸãã
:{| class="wikitable"
|+倿°ã®çš®é¡ãšæ¥é èŸ
|-
! çš®é¡ !! æ¥é èŸ !! 説æ
|-
| ã¹ã«ã©ãŒ ||style="text-align:center"| '''$''' || æ°å€ãæååãªã©ã®å€ãïŒã€ã ãä¿æããŸãã
|-
| é
å ||style="text-align:center"| '''@''' || è€æ°ã®å€ããé åºä»ãã§ä¿æããŸãã
|-
| ããã·ã¥ ||style="text-align:center"| '''%''' || è€æ°ã®å€ããéè€ããªãããŒã«çµã³ã€ãä¿æããŸãã
|-
| ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ ||style="text-align:center"| '''$''' || ã¹ã«ã©ãŒãé
åãããã¯ããã·ã¥ã®ã¡ã¢ãªäžã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãä¿æããŸãã
|-
|colspan=3 style="text-align:right;font-size: 0.7rem"|ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã¯ãç¹æ®ãªã¹ã«ã©ãŒãªã®ã§æ¥é èŸã¯åã<code>$</code>ã§ãã
|}
== ããŒã¿åã®çš®é¡ ==
=== ã¹ã«ã©ãŒ ===
ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã¯ãå
éšã«æ§é ããããªãããã äžã€ãã®å€ãä¿æã§ããããŒã¿åã§ã[[#æ¥é èŸ|æ¥é èŸ]]ã¯ã<code>$</code>ïŒãã«ããŒã¯ïŒScalar ã® SïŒã§ãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/2OElPALIaRY3LNpTYwho7g?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $name = "倪é";# ã¬ãã·ã«ã«å€æ° $name ã "倪é" ã§åæå
my $age = 30; # ã¬ãã·ã«ã«å€æ° $age ã 30 ã§åæå
say $name;
say $age;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
倪é
30
</syntaxhighlight>
:ã¹ã«ã©ãŒå€æ°ã®æ¥é èŸã¯ã<code>$</code>ïŒãã«ããŒã¯ïŒScalar ã® SïŒã§ãã
:æ°åŠã§ã¯ãã¹ã«ã©ãŒãã®å¯ŸçŸ©èªã¯ããã¯ãã«ãã§ãããPerlã§ã¯ãããªã¹ããããã¹ã«ã©ãŒãã®å¯ŸçŸ©èªã§ãã
:æ°åŠçã«ã¯ãã£ããããŸããããæååãã¹ã«ã©ãŒã§ãã
:倿°ã瀺ããŠããå€ãæ°å€ãæååãã¯ãå€åŽã«ããæ
å ±ãåãã«ããæ±ºãŸããŸãã
:äžèšã³ãŒãã§ã¯ããnameããšããåç§°ã®ã¹ã«ã©ãŒå€æ° $name ãšããageããšããåç§°ã®ã¹ã«ã©ãŒå€æ° $age ããããŸãã
::ã¹ã«ã©ãŒå€æ° $name ã¯ãæåå "倪é" ãä¿æãã
::ã¹ã«ã©ãŒå€æ° $age ã¯ãæ°å€ïŒæŽæ°ïŒ 30 ãä¿æããŸãã
:ãã®ããã«ãäžã€ã®å€æ°ã¯ãåäžã®å€ãä¿æã§ããŸãã
==== ã¹ã«ã©ãŒãªãã©ã«ã®è¡šèš ====
;æååãªãã©ã«:<code>âABC and Zâ</code> ã <code>'ABC and Z'</code>ã®ããã«ã<code>â</code>ïŒããã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ããŒã¯ïŒã<code>â</code>ïŒã·ã³ã°ã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ããŒã¯ïŒã§å²ã¿ãŸãã
;æ°å€:<code>â</code>ã<code>â</code>å²ãå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããããå²ãã§ãå®è¡æã«æ°å€ãšããŠè§£éãããŸãããŸããNaN ã Inf ã®ãããªç¹æ®ãªå€ã¯ã<code>â</code>ã<code>â</code>å²ãå¿
èŠããããŸãã
==== 倿°åãå«ãèå¥åã®èŠçŽ ====
#èå¥åã®å
é ã¯ãè±å€§æåã»è±å°æåããã㯠â_â
#èå¥åã®ïŒæåç®ä»¥éã¯ãè±å€§æåã»è±å°æåã»'0'..'9' ããã㯠â_â
#èå¥åã®é·ãã¯ã1æå以äž251æå以äž
#;èå¥åã®æ£èŠè¡šçŸ
#:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]{0,250}
</syntaxhighlight>
;äžæ£ãªèå¥åã®äŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
123age
new-word
ãã©ãã°
</syntaxhighlight>
#å
é ã«æ°åã¯äœ¿ããªã
#â-âã¯å€æ°åã«äœ¿ããªã
#è«å€
==== æŒç®åäž»å°ã®ååŒ·å¶ ====
Perlã¯ãæŒç®ååŒãè©äŸ¡ããã«åœãããæŒç®åããšã«ãªãã©ã³ãã®åã匷å¶çã«å€æããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/h3XUo9yP3z96UFLePJjLfQ?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $age = 30; say __LINE__ . ": $age";
$age = $age . "1"; say __LINE__ . ": $age";
$age = $age + 1; say __LINE__ . ": $age";
$age = $age x 3; say __LINE__ . ": $age";
$age = $age / 302; say __LINE__ . ": $age";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
5: 30
6: 301
7: 302
8: 302302302
9: 1001001
</syntaxhighlight>
: ãã®ããã«ãæŒç®åã«ãã£ãŠãªãã©ã³ããæ°å€ãšè§£éããããæååãšè§£éããããããŸãã
: éã«èšããšãæŒç®åãèŠãã°ãªãã©ã³ãïŒãšåŒã®å€ïŒã®åãããããŸãã
次ã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯ãç䟡ãªä»£å
¥æŒç®åã«ããå®è£
ã§ãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/w5aDaniOTJwoq-51B50UDQ?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $age = 30; say __LINE__ . ": $age";
$age .= "1"; say __LINE__ . ": $age";
$age += 1; say __LINE__ . ": $age";
$age x= 3; say __LINE__ . ": $age";
$age /= 302; say __LINE__ . ": $age";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
5: 30
6: 301
7: 302
8: 302302302
9: 1001001
</syntaxhighlight>
äŸå€çã«ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãæŒç®åã¯æ°å€ã«ãæååã«ãäœçšããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/8y9G_F_piLGJyifRhOEDeA?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $n = 3; say __LINE__ . ": $n";
$n++; say __LINE__ . ": $n";
$n++; say __LINE__ . ": $n";
my $s = "K";say __LINE__ . ": $s";
$s++; say __LINE__ . ": $s";
$s++; say __LINE__ . ": $s";
$s = "BY"; say __LINE__ . ": $s";
$s++; say __LINE__ . ": $s";
$s++; say __LINE__ . ": $s";
$s++; say __LINE__ . ": $s";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
5: 3
6: 4
7: 5
9: K
10: L
11: M
13: BY
14: BZ
15: CA
16: CB
</syntaxhighlight>
: 5-7 ã®æ°å€ã®ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã¯ãéåæãããŸããã
: 9-11 ã®ïŒæåã®æååã®ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã¯ããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã³ãŒããå¢ããŠããïŒïŒïŒãšæããŸããã
: 14-16 ã®ïŒæåã®æååã®ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã§ã¯ãæ¡äžããããŠããŸãïŒ
ãã®ãããªæååããªãã©ã³ãã«åã£ããšãã®ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããããžã«ã«ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããšåŒã³ãŸãã
{{ã³ã©ã |ã»ãã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãšã®éã|2=C/C++ãšéãPerlã§ã¯å€æ°å®£èšã§ã«ãint ã double ãªã©ã®åãæå®ããããšã¯ãããŸããã
Perlã§ã¯ãã¹ã«ã©ãŒå€æ°ã«æŽæ°ã»æµ®åå°æ°ç¹æ°ã»æååããªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã®éã§æé»ã®å€æãåãããã§ãã
;ã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãã®ã¹ã«ã©ãŒå€æ°ã®å®£èš:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my $倿°å = åæå€;
</syntaxhighlight>
: äŸãã°ãprint 颿°ã®åŒæ°ã«æŽæ°ãæž¡ãããã°ãèªåçã«å鲿°ã®æååã«å€æãããŸãã
: ãã®ããã«ãæŒç®åã»é¢æ°ã»ãµãã«ãŒãã³ãã¡ãœãããé©å®å€æããŸãã
: ããã¯ãPerlãåèã«ããAWKãšåãç¹åŸŽã§ãã
ãŸããPerlã§ãããŒã¿åããšãããš
* ã¹ã«ã©ãŒ
* é
å
* ããã·ã¥
* ïŒã³ãŒãïŒ
* ïŒãã¡ã€ã«ãã³ãã«ïŒ
* ïŒãã©ãŒãããïŒ
ãªã©ã®ããšã§ãæ¥é èŸãªã©ã§åºå¥ãããŸãã
}}
=== é
å ===
é
åã¯ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã®éåã§ãæŽæ°ã®ã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ã§ããããã®èŠçŽ ã¹ã«ã©ãŒãåç
§ã§ããããŒã¿åã§ã[[#æ¥é èŸ|æ¥é èŸ]]ã¯ã<code>@</code>ïŒã¢ããããŒã¯ïŒarray ã® aïŒã§ãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/sNyDvYypxngMQChjKmzQTw?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my @ary = ("倪é", 30); # é
å倿° @ary ãããªã¹ã ("倪é" 30) ã§åæå
say __LINE__ . ": $ary[0]"; # é
å倿° @ary ã® 0 çªç®ã®èŠçŽ ãåç
§
say __LINE__ . ": $ary[1]"; # é
å倿° @ary ã® 1 çªç®ã®èŠçŽ ãåç
§
say __LINE__ . ": $ary[-1]"; # é
å倿° @ary ã® -1 çªç®ïŒæåŸïŒã®èŠçŽ ãåç
§
say __LINE__ . ": $ary[-2]"; # é
å倿° @ary ã® -1 çªç®ïŒæåŸãã 2 çªç®ïŒã®èŠçŽ ãåç
§
say @ary; # ãã®ãŸãŸæåååãããšãèŠçŽ ãæåååãããã®ãåºåãæåãªãé£çµ
{ local $, = ";" ; say @ary; } # {} ã§ã¹ã³ãŒããåã£ãŠ local ã§åºåãæåã°ããŒãã«å€æ° $, ãããŒã«ã©ã€ãºããã®ã§
say @ary; # ã¹ã³ãŒããæãããšå
éã
say __LINE__ . ": \@ary = @ary"; # æååäžã§å±éãããšãåºåãæåã¯ïŒæåã®ç©ºçœ
say __LINE__ . ": \@ary = @{[@ary]}";# ãããŒã«ãŒæŒç®å @{[åŒ]} ã§ãåã
$ary[1] = 25; # ïŒçªãã®èŠçŽ ã« 25 ã代å
¥
say __LINE__ . ": \@ary = @ary"; # 眮æãã
$ary[1]++; # ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ã
say __LINE__ . ": \@ary = @ary"; # å¢ãã
$ary[1] = "ABC"; # ïŒçªãã®èŠçŽ ã« "ABC" ã代å
¥
say __LINE__ . ": \@ary = @ary"; # 眮æãã
$ary[1]++; # ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ã
say __LINE__ . ": \@ary = @ary"; # å¢ããïŒ
push @ary, "XYZ"; # push ã¯é
åã®æ«å°Ÿã«è¿œå
say __LINE__ . ": \@ary = @ary"; # å¢ããïŒéãæå³ã§ïŒ
unshift @ary, "UVW"; # unshift ã¯é
åã®å
é ã«è¿œå
say __LINE__ . ": \@ary = @ary"; # å¢ããïŒãŸãéãæå³ã§ïŒ
my $x = shift @ary; # shift ã¯å
é èŠçŽ ã®ååºã
say __LINE__ . ": $x"; # æ»å€ã¯ååºããå€
say __LINE__ . ": \@ary = @ary"; # å
é ããªããªã£ã
my $y = pop @ary; # pop ã¯æ«å°ŸèŠçŽ ã®ååºã
say $y; # æ»å€ã¯ååºããå€
say __LINE__ . ": \@ary = @ary"; # æ«å°Ÿããªããªã£ã
my $z = @ary; # ã¹ã«ã©å€æ°ãžé
å倿°ã代å
¥ãããš
say __LINE__ . ": \$z = $z"; # èŠçŽ æ°ãå
¥ã
push @ary, qw(A B C D); # ãªã¹ããpushïŒqw/STRING/ã®äŸïŒ
say __LINE__ . ": \@ary = @ary"; # å±éãããŠè¿œå ããã
foreach my $el(@ary) { # foreach ã«ãŒãã¯å
é ããé äœèŠçŽ ã«ãããã¯ãé©çš
say __LINE__ . ": \$el = $el";
}
foreach (@ary) { # ã«ãŒã倿°ã宣èšããªããŠã $_ ã§èŠçŽ ãåç
§ã§ãã
say __LINE__ . ": \$_ = $_";
}
say __LINE__ . ": \$_ = $_" foreach (@ary); # åãæå³
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
7: 倪é
8: 30
9: 30
10: 倪é
倪é30
倪é;30
倪é30
16: @ary = 倪é 30
17: @ary = 倪é 30
20: @ary = 倪é 25
23: @ary = 倪é 26
26: @ary = 倪é ABC
29: @ary = 倪é ABD
32: @ary = 倪é ABD XYZ
35: @ary = UVW 倪é ABD XYZ
38: UVW
39: @ary = 倪é ABD XYZ
XYZ
43: @ary = 倪é ABD
46: $z = 2
49: @ary = 倪é ABD A B C D
52: $el = 倪é
52: $el = ABD
52: $el = A
52: $el = B
52: $el = C
52: $el = D
56: $_ = 倪é
56: $_ = ABD
56: $_ = A
56: $_ = B
56: $_ = C
56: $_ = D
59: $_ = 倪é
59: $_ = ABD
59: $_ = A
59: $_ = B
59: $_ = C
59: $_ = D
</syntaxhighlight>
:[[#æ¥é èŸ|æ¥é èŸ]]ã¯ã<code>@</code>ïŒã¢ããããŒã¯ïŒarray ã® aïŒã§ãã
:é
åã®èŠçŽ ã«ã¯ã¹ã«ã©ãŒãå
¥ããïŒã€ã®é
åã«æååãæ°å€ããªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãæ··åšããããšãã§ããŸãã
==== é
å倿°ã®ä»£å
¥ã®æå³è« ====
;[https://paiza.io/projects/p8KNkM1toBAaE-FDrQB-Yg?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
my @x = 1..10;
say __LINE__ . ":\@x --> @x";
my @y = @x;
say __LINE__ . ":\@y --> @y";
$y[$_] *= 2 foreach (0..$#y);
say __LINE__ . ":\@x --> @x";
say __LINE__ . ":\@y --> @y";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
6:@x --> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
9:@y --> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
12:@x --> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
13:@y --> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
</syntaxhighlight>
: Perlã§ãé
å倿°å士ã®ã³ããŒã¯ãå
šãŠã®èŠçŽ ã®äžå¯Ÿäžã®è€è£œã§ãã
åœããåã®ããã§ãããåçåä»ãã®èšèªã®äžã§ã¯ãæå€ãšå°æ°æŽŸã§ãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/XtC3FJgpWRmvjsDT7XZ5xQ?language=ruby Rubyã®äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=ruby line>
x = Array(1..10)
puts "#{__LINE__}:x --> #{x}"
y = x
puts "#{__LINE__}:y --> #{y}"
y.map!{|i| i * 2}
puts "#{__LINE__}:x --> #{x}"
puts "#{__LINE__}:y --> #{y}"
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
2:x --> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
5:y --> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
8:x --> [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20]
9:y --> [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20]
</syntaxhighlight>
: Rubyã§ã¯ãé
åã®ä»£å
¥ã¯å¥åãäœãããšã«ãªããåããªããžã§ã¯ãã瀺ããŸãã
: ãã®ãããçæ¹ã®å€æ°ãã€ããé
åèŠçŽ ã®å€ãæžæãããšã仿¹ããåç
§ããŠãæžæãããŸãã
: è€è£œã欲ããå Žåã¯ãArray$clone ãã€ãããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/k7MsUa_QJF7FK2CqX2uO6A?language=javascript JavaScriptã®äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=js>
let x = [...Array(10)].map((_, i) => i + 1)
console.log(`x --> ${x}`)
let y = x
console.log(`y --> ${y}`)
for (let i = 0, len = y.length; i < len; i++)
y[i] *= 2
console.log(`x' --> ${x}`)
console.log(`y' --> ${y}`)
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
x --> 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
y --> 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
x' --> 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20
y' --> 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20
</syntaxhighlight>
: JavaScriptãé
åã®ä»£å
¥ã¯å¥åãäœãããšã«ãªããåããªããžã§ã¯ãã瀺ããŸãã
: ãã¯ããçæ¹ã®å€æ°ãã€ããé
åèŠçŽ ã®å€ãæžæãããšã仿¹ããåç
§ããŠãæžæãããŸãã
: è€è£œã欲ããå Žåã¯ãArray$concat ãç¡åŒæ°ã§ã€ãããŸãã
ãã®ã»ããPythonãé
åã®ä»£å
¥ã¯å¥åäœæã§ããå°æ°æŽŸã§ãããPHPãPerlãšåãã§ãã
==== é
åãªãã©ã« ====
é
åã«ãªãã©ã«ã¯ãããŸããã
é
åãªãã©ã«é¢šã«èŠãããã®ã¯[[#ãªã¹ã|ãªã¹ã]]ã§ãã
=== ãªã¹ã ===
ãªã¹ãã¯ãã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»é
åãããã·ã¥ã®ãããªããŒã¿åã§ã¯ãªãæžåŒã§ãã
é
å倿°ã®åæåã«ãªã¹ãã䜿ãããã®ã§çŽããããã®ã§ããã
:*ãé
å倿°ãã¯ããããªã¹ã倿°ãã¯ãããŸããã
:*ããªã¹ããè¿ã颿°ããšã¯ãããŸããããé
åãè¿ã颿°ããšã¯ãããŸããã
:*ããªã¹ãã³ã³ããã¹ãããšã¯ãããŸãããé
åã³ã³ããã¹ããšã¯ãããŸããã
ãªã¹ãã¯ãè€æ°ã®å€æ°ãäžæ¬å®£èšããããå€å€ä»£å
¥ã«ã€ããããŸãã
é
åãšãªã¹ãã¯äŒŒéã£ãŠããŸããåºå¥ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/wYmelul05QQHTPX0s65TIA?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.12; # v5.12 㯠use strict ã®æ©èœãå«ãã§ããŸãã
use warnings;
my @name = ("倪é", "次é");
my ($name1, $name2) = @name;
say $name[1];
say "$name[1]";
say @name;
say "@name";
my ($x, $y) = (123, 999);
say "$x $y"
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
次é
次é
å€ªéæ¬¡é
å€ªé æ¬¡é
123 999
</syntaxhighlight>
ãªãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my @name = ("倪é", "次é");
print ">$name<\n";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
><
</syntaxhighlight>
:ãšã©ãŒã«ã¯ãªããŸãããã<code>$name</code>ã¯è¡šç€ºãããŸããã
ã€ãã«
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl highlight="1,2">
use v5.12; # v5.12 㯠use strict ã®æ©èœãå«ãã§ããŸãã
use warnings;
my @name = ("倪é", "次é");
print ">$name<\n";
</syntaxhighlight>
;ãšã©ãŒè¡šç€º:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Global symbol "$name" requires explicit package name (did you forget to declare "my $name"?) at Main.pl line 5.
Execution of Main.pl aborted due to compilation errors.
</syntaxhighlight>
:ãšïŒã€ã®ãã©ã°ããè£ããšããšã©ãŒãçºèŠããŠãããŸãã
::<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.12;
use warnings;
</syntaxhighlight>
:ã®ïŒã€ã¯å¿
ãæå®ããŸãããã
::<code>use v5.12;</code>ã®<code>v5.12</code>ã¯ããã®ããŒãžã§ã³ããstrictããã£ãã©ã«ãåãããã®ã§äœ¿ããŸãããã2010/04/16 ãªãªãŒã¹ãªã®ã§ã³ã¬ããå€ããªãªãŒã¹ã䜿ã£ãŠããå¯èœæ§ã¯2022幎11æçŸåšãªããšæããŸãããŸãã<code>use v5.12;</code>ããã° say ã䜿ããããã«ãªããŸãã
[[#qw|qw]]æŒç®åã䜿ã£ãŠ
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my @name = qw(å€ªé æ¬¡é);
say $name[1];
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
次é
</syntaxhighlight>
qwæŒç®åã¯ã空çœã§åºåã£ãæåã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãåãåããåºåãããæååãèŠçŽ ãšãããªã¹ããè¿ããŸãã
;ãªã¹ãã®æååå:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my @ary = (10,4,2);
say @ary ;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
1042
</syntaxhighlight>
:ãã®ããã«ããªã¹ãã®èŠçŽ ã¯æåååãããåŸãåºåãæåãªãã«é£çµãããŸãã
==== åºåãæå ====
<code>10,4,2</code>ã®ããã«åºåãæåãã€ããŠåºåãããå ŽåãçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ° [[#join|join]] ã䜿ãããç¹æ®å€æ°<var>$,</var>ã䜿ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/y9Qw_wFxNW2qXe2UAUu6AQ?language=perl join ãš $,]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.12; # v5.12 㯠use strict ã®æ©èœãå«ãã§ããŸãã
use warnings;
my @ary = (10, 4, 2, 8);
say join "," , @ary;
{
local $, = "'";
say @ary;
}
say @ary;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
10,4,2,8
10'4'2'8
10428
</syntaxhighlight>
: $, ã¯ã°ããŒãã«ãªç¹æ®å€æ°ãªã®ã§ãäžæŠå€ãå€ãããšèªåçã«ã¯å
ã«æ»ããªãã®ã§ãã³ãŒããããã¯ã§ã¹ã³ãŒããåã£ãŠlocal宣èšããããšã§å€ã埩垰ã§ããããã«ããŸãã
==== sort颿°ã«ããäžŠã¹æã ====
sort颿°ã䜿ããšãé
åãäžŠã¹æ¿ããäºãã§ããŸãã
äžŠã¹æ¿ããããšãã§ããŸãããæ°å€ã®é
åã§ãã£ãŠãèŸæžé ã«äžŠã¹æ¿ããŠããŸããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/H1YiOKjiF1FyAD0ARDBrsA?language=perl èŸæžé ã«ãœãŒã]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.12; # v5.12 㯠use strict ã®æ©èœãå«ãã§ããŸãã
use warnings;
my @ary = (10, 4, 2, 8);
say "0: @ary";
say "1: @{[ sort @ary ]}";
say "2: @{[ sort { $a <=> $b } @ary ]}";
say "3: @{[ sort { $b <=> $a } @ary ]}";
say "4: @{[ sort { $b cmp $a } @ary ]}";
say "5: @{[ sort { $a cmp $b } @ary ]}";</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
0: 10 4 2 8
1: 10 2 4 8
2: 2 4 8 10
3: 10 8 4 2
4: 8 4 2 10
5: 10 2 4 8
</syntaxhighlight>
:<code>1:</code>ãèŸæžé ã«ãªãçç±ã¯ãæ¯èŒãæååãšããŠè¡ãªãããããã§ãã
:<code>2:</code>ã®<code>{$a <=> $b}</code>ã远å éšåã§ããã<var>$a</var>? <code><=></code>? <var>$b</var> ãä»ãŸã§ãšæ°é
ãéããŸãã
: sort颿°ã¯Perl4ã®é ãããããããŸãªã<var>@_</var>ã䜿ããšããã§ãããéå»ã®ã³ãŒããšã®åŸæ¹äºææ§ãããã®åœ¢åŒã§æ®ã£ãŠããŸãã
:: ãããã¿ã€ã($$)ãäœ¿ãæ¹æ³ãçšæãããŸããããç¡å颿°ã䜿ããªãã®ã§åé·ãªè¡šçŸã«ãªããååç©ºéæ±æãšããæå³ã§ã¯ $a $b ãšããåè² ã§ãã
: <var>$a</var>ãš<var>$b</var>ã¯ãããã±ãŒãžå
ã«æå±ããŠããã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã§ãïŒsub ã®ããã« @_ ã§åŒæ°ãåãåãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã䜿ã£ãŠããŸãïŒã
: <code><=></code> ã¯å®å®è¹æŒç®åãšããããäºé
æŒç®åã§ã倧ãªãïŒ1ïŒã»çããïŒ0ïŒã»å°ãªãïŒ-1ïŒãè¿ããŸãã
: sort ã¯äžŠã¹æ¿ãã®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã®ãæ¯èŒãã®éšåã«ãã®ãããã¯ã䜿ããŸãã
:: <var>$a</var>ãš<var>$b</var>ã¯ããã®ãããªåºèªã§ãã use strict ã®ãã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã䜿ãããŠããŸããã®ãã§ãã¯ãããæããŠããŸããŸãã
:: <var>$a</var>ãš<var>$b</var>ã¯ãsort 以å€ã§ã¯äœ¿ã£ãŠã¯ãããŸããã
:: <var>$a</var>ãš<var>$b</var>ã¯ãsort 以å€ã§ã¯äœ¿ã£ãŠã¯ãããŸããã
:<code>3:</code>ã®<code>{$b <=> $a}</code>ã倿Žéšåã§ããå·Šå³ã®é
ãå
¥ãæ¿ããã®ã§éé ã«ãœãŒããããŸãã
:<code>4:</code>ã®<code>{$b cmp $a}</code>ã倿Žéšåã§ããæ¯èŒæŒç®åãæååæ¯èŒæŒç®åãšããã®ã§ãèŸæžéé ã«ãœãŒããããŸãã
:<code>5:</code>ã®<code>{$a cmp $b}</code>ã倿Žéšåã§ããå·Šå³ã®é
ãå
¥ãæ¿ããŸããããããã³ãŒããããã¯ãæž¡ããªãã£ããšãã®ãã£ãã©ã«ãåäœã§ãã
=== ã¹ã©ã€ã¹ ===
ã¹ã©ã€ã¹ã¯ãé
åãããã·ã¥ã®éšåéåãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹æ¹æ³ãæäŸããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/L-0XdL9AI2_uwxFw2wsskw?language=perl ã¹ã©ã€ã¹ã®äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line>
use v5.12; # v5.12 㯠use strict ã®æ©èœãå«ãã§ããŸãã
use warnings;
my @ary = map { $_ * 10 } 0..9;
my %hash;
$hash{$_} = uc $_ foreach "a".."f";
print <<EOS;
\@ary --> @ary
\@ary[1,4] --> @ary[1,4]
\@ary[1..4] --> @ary[1..4]
\@ary[0,1,4..6] --> @ary[0,1,4..6]
\@ary[9,0] --> @ary[9,0]
\%hash --> @{[ map {"$_=>$hash{$_},"} sort keys %hash ]}
\@hash{"a","b"} --> @{[ @hash{"a","b"} ]}
\@hash{"d".."f"} --> @{[ @hash{"d".."f"} ]}
\@hash{"f","a"} --> @{[ @hash{"f", "a"} ]}
\@hash{qw(b e e f)} --> @{[ @hash{qw(b e e f)} ]}
\@hash{"f","a"} --> @{[ @hash{"f","a"} ]}
EOS
say __LINE__ . ": \@ary --> @ary";
@ary[3..5] = 5..7;
say __LINE__ . ": \@ary --> @ary";
@ary[5..9] = 5..100;
say __LINE__ . ": \@ary --> @ary";
say __LINE__ . qq(: \%hash --> @{[ map {"$_=>$hash{$_},"} sort keys %hash ]});
@hash{"a".."c"} = "AA".."AC";
say __LINE__ . qq(: \%hash --> @{[ map {"$_=>$hash{$_},"} sort keys %hash ]});
delete @hash{"b", "e"};
say __LINE__ . qq(: \%hash --> @{[ map {"$_=>$hash{$_},"} sort keys %hash ]});
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
@ary --> 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
@ary[1,4] --> 10 40
@ary[1..4] --> 10 20 30 40
@ary[0,1,4..6] --> 0 10 40 50 60
@ary[9,0] --> 90 0
%hash --> a=>A, b=>B, c=>C, d=>D, e=>E, f=>F,
@hash{"a","b"} --> A B
@hash{"d".."f"} --> D E F
@hash{"f","a"} --> F A
@hash{qw(b e e f)} --> B E E F
@hash{"f","a"} --> F A
24: @ary --> 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
26: @ary --> 0 10 20 5 6 7 60 70 80 90
28: @ary --> 0 10 20 5 6 5 6 7 8 9
30: %hash --> a=>A, b=>B, c=>C, d=>D, e=>E, f=>F,
32: %hash --> a=>AA, b=>AB, c=>AC, d=>D, e=>E, f=>F,
34: %hash --> a=>AA, c=>AC, d=>D, f=>F,
</syntaxhighlight>
:é
åã®å Žåã¯ã<code>@ é
å倿° [ ãªã¹ã ]</code>ã®åœ¢åŒã§ããªã¹ãã®èŠçŽ ãæ·»åãšããŠå¯Ÿå¿ããå€ãªã¹ããããããŸãã
:ããã·ã¥ã®å Žåã¯ã<code>@ ããã·ã¥å€æ° { ãªã¹ã }</code>ã®åœ¢åŒã§ããªã¹ãã®èŠçŽ ãããŒãšããŠå¯Ÿå¿ããå€ã®ãªã¹ããããããŸãã
:é
åãããã·ã¥ããã¹ã©ã€ã¹ã¯å·ŠèŸºå€ã®ãªã¹ãã§ãã¹ã©ã€ã¹ã巊蟺ã«ãªã¹ãã代å
¥ãããšãé
åãããã·ã¥ã®å
å®¹ãæžãæããããšãã§ããŸãã
:ã¹ã©ã€ã¹ã®åŒæ°ã®ãªã¹ãã¯ã<code>,</code>ã§åºåã£ãå€ã<code>..</code>ã§ç€ºããç¯å²ïŒããžã«ã«ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããå«ãïŒãqw//ã颿°ã®æ»å€ãªã©æ§ã
ãªããªãšãŒã·ã§ã³ãããããã®ã§ã匷åãªè¡šçŸåãæã¡ãŸãããåæã«ããºã«çã«é£è§£ãªã³ãŒããæžããããšãæå³ããŠããŸãã
=== ããã·ã¥ ===
ããã·ã¥ã¯ãããŒãšãªãæååãšã¹ã«ã©ãŒã®å€ããã¢ã®éåã®ããŒã¿åã§ããããã·ã¥ã¯é
åãšã¯éã£ãŠãé åºã¯äžå®'''ã§ãªã'''ããšãä¿èšŒãããŸãã
ããã·ã¥å€æ°ã®æ¥é èŸã¯ <code>%</code> ã§ãã
;æ§æ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
%ããã·ã¥å€æ° = (
"ããŒ1" => å€1,
"ããŒ2" => å€2,
ïŒ
ïŒ
"ããŒn" => å€n,
);
</syntaxhighlight>
: ããŒããPerlã®èå¥åãšããŠæå¹ãªãã°
;æ§æ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
%ããã·ã¥å€æ° = (
ããŒ1 => å€1,
ããŒ2 => å€2,
ïŒ
ïŒ
ããŒn => å€n,
);
</syntaxhighlight>
:ãšæžããŸãã
: ããŒããPerlã®èå¥åãšããŠæå¹ã«ããã°
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my %myHash = ("Key1" => 3, "Key2" => 4);
say $myHash{"Key1"};
</syntaxhighlight>
:ã¯
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my %myHash = (Key1 => 3, Key2 => 4);
say $myHash{Key1};
</syntaxhighlight>
: ãšæžãããšãã§ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/9t_u-eXFuIh5QHinLgQu6Q?language=perl ã³ãŒãäŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my %hash = (
Tom => 18,
Joe => 16,
);
say __LINE__ . qq(: \$hash{Tom} -> $hash{Tom});
say __LINE__ . qq(: \$hash{Joe} -> $hash{Joe});
##say __LINE__ . qq(: \$hash{Sam} -> $hash{Sam});
$hash{Tom}++;
say __LINE__ . qq(: \$hash{Tom} -> $hash{Tom});
$hash{Joe}++;
say __LINE__ . qq(: \$hash{Joe} -> $hash{Joe});
say __LINE__ . qq(: \%hash -> %hash);
say __LINE__ . qq(: \@{[%hash]} -> @{[%hash]});
$hash{Sam} = 0;
say __LINE__ . qq(: \@{[%hash]} -> @{[%hash]});
say __LINE__ . qq(: \@{[keys %hash]} -> @{[keys %hash]});
say __LINE__ . qq(: \@{[values %hash]} -> @{[values %hash]});
say __LINE__ . qq!: \@{[map { "\$_:\$hash{\$_}" } keys %hash]} -> @{[map { "$_:$hash{$_}" } keys %hash]}!;
foreach my $k(keys %hash) {
$hash{$k}++;
}
say __LINE__ . qq!: \@{[map { "\$_:\$hash{\$_}" } keys %hash]} -> @{[map { "$_:$hash{$_}" } keys %hash]}!;
foreach (keys %hash) {
$hash{$_}++;
}
say __LINE__ . qq!: \@{[map { "\$_:\$hash{\$_}" } keys %hash]} -> @{[map { "$_:$hash{$_}" } keys %hash]}!;
$hash{$_}++ foreach (keys %hash);
say __LINE__ . qq!: \@{[map { "\$_:\$hash{\$_}" } keys %hash]} -> @{[map { "$_:$hash{$_}" } keys %hash]}!;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
10: $hash{Tom} -> 18
11: $hash{Joe} -> 16
15: $hash{Tom} -> 19
17: $hash{Joe} -> 17
19: %hash -> %hash
20: @{[%hash]} -> Joe 17 Tom 19
23: @{[%hash]} -> Tom 19 Sam 0 Joe 17
24: @{[keys %hash]} -> Tom Sam Joe
25: @{[values %hash]} -> 19 0 17
26: @{[map { "$_:$hash{$_}" } keys %hash]} -> Tom:19 Sam:0 Joe:17
31: @{[map { "$_:$hash{$_}" } keys %hash]} -> Tom:20 Sam:1 Joe:18
36: @{[map { "$_:$hash{$_}" } keys %hash]} -> Tom:21 Sam:2 Joe:19
39: @{[map { "$_:$hash{$_}" } keys %hash]} -> Tom:22 Sam:3 Joe:20
</syntaxhighlight>
: ãã®ããã«ãããŒã«å¯Ÿå¿ããå€ãè¿ããŸãã
: <code> => </code> æŒç®åã¯ã³ã³ãæŒç®åãšåãåããããŸãããå·Šãªãã©ã³ãã®å€ãå¿
ãæååãšããŠæ±ããããããã·ã¥ãçæãããšãã«å€ãçšããããŸãããŸããã³ã³ãã䜿ããããããŒãšå€ã®å¯Ÿå¿ãæç¢ºã«ãªããšããå©ç¹ããããŸãã
: ããã·ã¥ã¯ããŒãšå€ãé¢é£ä»ãããããªã¹ãã§ãã
:; å€ã®åç
§: <code>$ããã·ã¥å€æ° { ã㌠}</code>
:: å€ã®åç
§ã巊蟺å€ã«ãããšãæ¢åã®ããã·ã¥ãšã³ããªãŒã®å€ã®æŽæ°ããããã¯ååšããªãããŒãæã£ããšã³ããªãŒã远å ã§ããŸãã
:; ãšã³ããªãŒã®åé€: <code>delete $ããã·ã¥å€æ° { ã㌠}</code>
;ããã·ã¥ã®é åº:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
%age = (
Tom => 30,
Joe => 20,
);
print <<EOS;
@{[%age]}
EOS
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ(1):<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Tom 30 Joe 20
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ(2):<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Joe 20 Tom 30
</syntaxhighlight>
: å®è¡ãããã³ã«ã'''å®è¡çµæ(1)'''ãš'''å®è¡çµæ(2)'''ãã©ã³ãã ã«åºåãããŸãã
: é
åã¯ããŒã¿ã®äžŠã³é ãæ±ºãŸã£ãŠããŸãããããŒãšå€ããã¢ã«ãªã£ãŠãããšããããšã®ã¿ãä¿èšŒãããããŒã¿ã®é çªã¯ä¿èšŒãããŸããïŒä¿èšŒãããªãã©ããããã»ãã¥ãªãã£åŒ·åã®ãããåç
§ãããã³ã«é åºãå€ãããŸã<ref>PHPãRubyã§ã¯ããã·ã¥ãé åºã¯ä¿èšŒãããŸããPerlã§ã¯ããã®ãããªçšéã« Tie::Hash ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã䜿ããŸã</ref>ïŒã
: ç¹ã« Perl 5.18.0 以éã¯ãããã·ã¥å®è£
ã«å¯Ÿãããã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã è€éåæ»æã( ''Algorithmic Complexity Attacks'' )ã«å¯ŸããŠååãªåŒ·åºŠãåŸããããããã·ã¥ã·ãŒãã®ã©ã³ãã åããããã·ã¥ãã©ããŒãµã«ã®ã©ã³ãã åãããã±ããé åºã®æ¹ä¹±ããæ°ããããã©ã«ãã®ããã·ã¥é¢æ°ãã代æ¿ããã·ã¥é¢æ° Siphashããªã©ã®ã»ãã¥ãªãã£åŒ·åãè¡ãªãããŠããŸã<ref>[https://perldoc.perl.org/perlsec#Algorithmic-Complexity-Attacks Algorithmic Complexity Attacks]</ref>ã
* ä»èšèªã®é¡äŒŒæ©èœ
*;JsvaScript:Objectãªããžã§ã¯ãïŒã«ãŒããªããžã§ã¯ãïŒãããã·ã¥ïŒé£æ³é
åïŒã§ããããobjectã¯ãããã¿ã€ããå«ãã®ã§ Mapãªããžã§ã¯ãã®ã»ããããè¿ãã§ãã
*;Python:èŸæžå
*;Ruby:Hashã¯ã©ã¹
*;AWK:AWKã®é
åã¯é£æ³é
åã§ãã
{{See also|[[W:飿³é
å|飿³é
å]]}}
== Perlãæ±ãããŒã¿ ==
Perlã§ã¯ãæŒç®åã«ãã£ãŠãªãã©ã³ãã®åãæ±ºãŸãã®ã§ãããã«åãããŠæé»ã®å倿ãèµ·ãããŸãã
ããã¯ãæç€ºçãªåå€æã®æéãçãäžæ¹ãããã°ã©ããŒã®æå³ãšã¯ç°ãªã倿ãè¡ãªãããå±ãããå«ãã§ããŸãã
<!-- UNIXæéåå£«ã æ¯èŒãããšã > ã§ãªã gt ã§æ¯èŒããŠããã³ãŒããUNIXæéã®æ¡äžãã§è
ã£ãäºäŸ -->
;[https://paiza.io/projects/UqA5AgE_a4ozEEiu9eORwA?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.12; # v5.12 㯠use strict ã®æ©èœãå«ãã§ããŸãã
use warnings;
my $x = 52;
my $y = "nd street";
say $x + $y;
say $x . $y;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
52
52nd street
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡æãšã©ãŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Argument "nd street" isn't numeric in addition (+) at Main.pl line 6.
</syntaxhighlight>
: <code>use warnings;</code>ã§èŠåãæå¹ã«ããã®ã§ãæååã0ã«æé»å€æãããããšãææãããŠããŸãã
=== æååãªãã©ã« ===
ãHello Worldã ã®ãããªæååãPerl ã§æ±ãå Žåã<code>"</code>ïŒããã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ïŒã§å²ã¿ãŸãã
;äŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
"Hello World"
</syntaxhighlight>
ã·ã³ã°ã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ <nowiki>' '</nowiki> ã§æååãå²ãããšãåºããŸããã
# <code>\n</code>ãªã©ã®ããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ãšã¹ã±ãŒãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã眮æãããªãã
# 倿°ãåŒãå±éãããªãã
ãã®ïŒç¹ãããã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ã§å²ãã å Žåãšç°ãªããŸãã
=== ååŒ·å¶ ===
;[https://paiza.io/projects/qxauxcep2Ky84CdIPvuvWw?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
my $x = "123";
my $y = 654;
say $x . $y;
say $x + $y;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
123654
777
</syntaxhighlight>
: <code>.</code>(ããªãªã ; æååé£çµæŒç®å) ã¯ã䞡蟺ãæååã«æé»ã®ãã¡ã«å€æããŠé£çµããæååãè¿ããŸãã
: <code>+</code>(ãã©ã¹ ; æ°å€å ç®æŒç®å) ã¯ãäž¡èŸºãæ°å€ã«æé»ã®ãã¡ã«å€æããŠåãè¿ããŸãã
ãã®ããã«ãPerlã§ã¯æŒç®åããªãã©ã³ããæé»ã«å€æããã®ã§ãæŒç®åããšã®ãªãã©ã³ãåã®çè§£ã倧åã«ãªããŸãã
=== åŒçšç¬ŠãšåŒçšç¬Šé¡äŒŒæŒç®å ===
éåžžãåŒçšç¬Šã§å²ãŸããæååã¯ããªãã©ã«å€ãšããŠèããããŠããŸãããPerlã§ã¯æŒç®åãšããŠæ©èœããæ§ã
ãªçš®é¡ã®è£éããã¿ãŒã³ãããã®æ©èœãæäŸããŸãã
Perlã§ã¯ããããã®åäœã®ããã«éåžžã®åŒçšç¬ŠãçšæãããŠããŸãããä»»æã®åŒçšç¬Šãéžæããæ¹æ³ãçšæãããŠããŸãã
次ã®è¡šã§ã¯ã{}ã¯åºåãæåã®ãã¢ã衚ããŠããŸãã
:{| class=wikitable
|+ åŒçšç¬ŠãšåŒçšç¬Šé¡äŒŒæŒç®å
|- style="text-align:center"
! æ
£çšè¡šèš !! æ±çšè¡šèš !! æå³ !! 倿°ãåŒã®å±é
|- style="text-align:center"
| <nowiki>''</nowiki> || q{} || ãªãã©ã« || äžå¯
|- style="text-align:center"
| "" || qq{} || ãªãã©ã« || å¯
|- style="text-align:center"
| `` || qx{} || ã³ãã³ã || å¯<sup>â </sup>
|- style="text-align:center"
| || qw{} || åèªãªã¹ã || äžå¯
|- style="text-align:center"
| // || m{} || ãã¿ãŒã³ããã || å¯<sup>â </sup>
|- style="text-align:center"
| || qr{} || ãã¿ãŒã³ || å¯<sup>â </sup>
|- style="text-align:center"
| || s{}{} || 眮æ || å¯<sup>â </sup>
|- style="text-align:center"
| || tr{}{} || 倿 || äžå¯<sup>â¡</sup>
|- style="text-align:center"
| || y{}{} || 倿 || äžå¯<sup>â¡</sup>
|- style="text-align:center"
| || <<EOF || ãã¢ããã¥ã¡ã³ã || å¯<sup>â </sup>
|- style="text-align:right;font-size:9pt"
| colspan=4|â :<nowiki>''</nowiki> ãããªãã¿ã§ãªãå Žåã«éããŸãã<hr>â¡:äžå®ã®æ¡ä»¶ã§å¯ tr ã®é
ç®åç
§ã
|}
=== æ°å€ ===
Perlã®æ°å€ã¯ãå
éšçã«ã¯ãã€ãã£ããªæŽæ°ã»ãã€ãã£ããªæµ®åå°æ°ç¹æ°ã»æ°å€ã瀺ãæååã§èšæ¶ããŸãã
æ°å€ãªãã©ã«ã¯ã10鲿°ã2鲿°ïŒ0bãå眮ïŒ, 8鲿°ïŒ0ãããã¯0oãå眮ïŒ, 16鲿°ïŒ0xãå眮ïŒã«ãã£ãŠæ°å€ã衚çŸã§ããŸãã
ãŸããææ°è¡šçŸãå¯èœã§ãã
;[https://www.mycompiler.io/view/IstR4leXqMQ äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.34;
use warnings;
print <<EOS;
42\t--> @{[ 42 ]}
0b1101\t--> @{[ 0b1101 ]}
0177\t--> @{[ 0177 ]}
0o333\t--> @{[ 0o333 ]}
0xff\t--> @{[ 0xff ]}
3.14\t--> @{[ 3.14 ]}
5.00e3\t--> @{[ 5e3 ]}
EOS</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
42 --> 42
0b1101 --> 13
0177 --> 127
0o333 --> 219
0xff --> 255
3.14 --> 3.14
5.00e3 --> 5000
</syntaxhighlight>
==== éæ°:NaNãšç¡é倧:Inf ====
Perlã¯ãæ°å€ãšããŠã®éæ°(NaN)ãšç¡é倧(Inf)ããµããŒãããŠããŸãã
ãã ãã倧æŠã®NaNãInfãè¿ããããªæŒç®ã§ã¯äŸå€ãäžãã£ãŠæ¥ãŸãããæ°å€ãªãã©ã«ãšããŠã® NaN ã Inf ã¯ãªãã"NaN" ãš "Inf" ãã€ãããŸãã
ãã®ãšãã倧æåå°æåãåããåçŽãªå
é äžèŽãªã®ã§ã以äžã®ãããªå°ãé¢åãªç¶æ³ãããããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/D2Oj39_YCmTg8PB9fTj7Qw?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line>
use v5.30.0; # v5.12 以é㯠use strict ã®æ©èœãå«ãã§ããŸãã
use warnings;
eval { my $x = 1.0/0.0 }; # JavaScript, Ruby ã§ã¯ç¡é倧ãããã
warn $@ if $@; # Perl ã§ã¯ãIllegal division by zero
eval { my $x = 0.0/0.0 }; # JavaScript, Ruby ã§ã¯éæ°ãããã
warn $@ if $@; # Perl ã§ã¯ãIllegal division by zero
say 0+"information";
say 0+"nano";
my $huge = 10**1010;
say $huge;
say -$huge;
say $huge - $huge;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡æã®èŠå:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Illegal division by zero at Main.pl line 4.
Illegal division by zero at Main.pl line 7.
Argument "information" isn't numeric in addition (+) at Main.pl line 10.
Argument "nano" isn't numeric in addition (+) at Main.pl line 11.
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Inf
NaN
Inf
-Inf
NaN
</syntaxhighlight>
: æ°å€ãšããŠã®ç¡é倧㯠âInfâ ã«ãéæ°ã¯ âNaNâ ã«æ£èŠåãããŸãã
: åçŽãªæååããæ°å€ãžã®å€æïŒPerlãåžžã
è¡ãæé»ã®åŒ·å¶å€æã§ãïŒç¡é倧ãéæ°ã«è»¢ãã§ããŸãå±ããããããšã瀺ããŠããŸãã
倿° <code>$n</code> ããããšãã <code>$n != $n</code> ãçãªã NaNã<code>abs($n) == "Inf"</code> ãçãªã Inf ãŸã㯠-Inf ã§ãã
==== æŒç®èª€å·®ãšç²ŸåºŠä¿èšŒ ====
Perlã«éãããæ°å€èšç®ã«ã¯èª€å·®ã䌎ããŸãã
äŸãã°ã0.01 ã 100 åè¶³ããŠã 1 ã«ã¯ãªããŸããã
ãããä¿èšŒããæ¹æ³ã¯ããã€ããããŸãããããã§ã¯[[W:ã«ãã³ã®å ç®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã |ã«ãã³ã®å ç®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ]]ã玹ä»ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/D2Oj39_YCmTg8PB9fTj7Qw?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30; # v5.12 以é㯠use strict ã®æ©èœãå«ãã§ããŸãã
use warnings;
my ( $delta, $iter ) = ( 0.01, 100 );
my $sum = 0.0;
$sum += $delta foreach ( 1 .. $iter );
say sprintf "çŽ æŽãªå®è£
:\t\t%.55f", $sum;
$sum = 0;
my $c = 0;
foreach ( 1 .. $iter ) {
my $y = $delta - $c;
my $t = $sum + $y;
$c = ( $t - $sum ) - $y;
$sum = $t;
}
say sprintf "ã«ãã³ã®å ç®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã :\t%.55f", $sum;
use List::Util qw(sum);
my @v;
push @v, $delta foreach ( 1 .. $iter );
say sprintf "List::Util::sum:\t%.55f", List::Util::sum @v;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
çŽ æŽãªå®è£
: 1.0000000000000006661338147750939242541790008544921875000
ã«ãã³ã®å ç®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã : 1.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
List::Util::sum: 1.0000000000000006661338147750939242541790008544921875000
</syntaxhighlight>
: List::Utilã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®sumããçŽ æŽãªå®è£
ãšåãå€ãšããã®ã¯ãããã§ããã
== ç¹æ®å€æ° ==
{{Main|[https://perldoc.jp/docs/perl/5.36.0/perlvar.pod#SPECIAL32VARIABLES perlvar(ja) ç¹æ®å€æ°]}}
ããã°ã©ããŒã倿°ã宣èšããªããŠããããã€ãã®å€æ°ã¯æ©èœã決ãŸã£ãŠããŠãäºåã«Perlã«çšæãããŠããããã®ãããªå€æ°ãç¹æ®å€æ°ãããã¯åŠçç³»å®çŸ©æžã¿å€æ°ãšèšããŸãã
=== ããã°ã©ã å ===
ããšãã°ç¹æ®å€æ° $0 ã¯ãããã°ã©ã åã代å
¥ãããŠããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/M_V-0hGHWrCeTZn4CAU_Fg?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.12; # v5.12 㯠use strict ã®æ©èœãå«ãã§ããŸãã
use warnings;
say $0;
say `ps -x`;
$0 = "(secret)";
say $0;
say `ps -x`;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Main.pl
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
10 ? S 0:00 /bin/sh ./exec_command
11 ? S 0:00 perl Main.pl
12 ? R 0:00 ps -x
(secret)
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
10 ? S 0:00 /bin/sh ./exec_command
11 ? S 0:00 (secret)
13 ? R 0:00 ps -x
</syntaxhighlight>
: $0 ã¯ãå€ãåç
§ããã ãã§ãªãäžæžãããããšãã§ããŸãã
: å€ãäžæžããããšãPerlã®ã¹ã¯ãªããããåç
§ã§ããå€ãå€ããã ãã§ãªããç°å¢ãæžæããŸãã
=== $^O:OSå ===
=== $^T:ããã»ã¹éå§æå» ===
=== $^V:perlã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ããŒãžã§ã³ ===
=== $$:ããã»ã¹ID ===
;[https://paiza.io/projects/D2p_VZ75c-QrePGlXzyFkg?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.12; # v5.12 㯠use strict ã®æ©èœãå«ãã§ããŸãã
use warnings;
print <<EOS;
\$^O: $^O\t-- OSå
\$^T: $^T\t-- ããã»ã¹ã®éå§æå»ïŒãšããã¯ããã®éç®ç§ïŒ
\$^V: $^V\t-- perl ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒããŒãžã§ã³
\$\$: $$\t-- Process ID
EOS
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
$^O: linux -- OSå
$^T: 1668142037 -- ããã»ã¹ã®éå§æå»ïŒãšããã¯ããã®éç®ç§ïŒ
$^V: v5.30.0 -- perl ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒããŒãžã§ã³
$$: 11 -- Process ID
</syntaxhighlight>
== ã³ã³ããã¹ã ==
倿°ã颿°ã宿°ãªã©ããåŒã®äžã§ã©ã®ããã«è©äŸ¡ããããæ±ºå®ãããã®ã§ãã<br>
倧å¥ãããšã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»ã³ã³ããã¹ããšãªã¹ãã»ã³ã³ããã¹ãããããã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»ã³ã³ããã¹ãã«ããããå€ã¯ã¹ã«ã©ãŒãšããŠããªã¹ãã»ã³ã³ããã¹ãã«ããããå€ã¯ãªã¹ããšããŠè©äŸ¡ãããŸãã<br>
ã³ã³ããã¹ããšå®éã®ããŒã¿ãé£ãéã£ãŠããå Žåãæ¬¡ã®ãããªèŠåã§è©äŸ¡ãããŸãã
* ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»ã³ã³ããã¹ãã«ãªã¹ããããããå Žåããªã¹ãã®æåŸã®èŠçŽ ãè©äŸ¡ãããŸãïŒã³ã³ãæŒç®åã®çºïŒã
* ãªã¹ãã»ã³ã³ããã¹ãã«ã¹ã«ã©ãŒãããããå Žåããã®ã¹ã«ã©ãŒ1åã ããèŠçŽ ãšãããªã¹ãã§ãããšè§£éãããŸãã
ã©ã®ããã«ã³ã³ããã¹ããæäŸããããã以äžã«ããã€ãäŸã瀺ããŸãã
代å
¥åŒã¯å³èŸºã«ã巊蟺ãšåãã³ã³ããã¹ããæäŸããŸãïŒ
;[https://paiza.io/projects/-1wL6n-2U8mVA779Za8svw?language=perl ã³ãŒãäŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my @array = qw(Foo Bar Baz);
my $var = @array;
print $var
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
3
</syntaxhighlight>
: qw ã¯ãã€ã¥ãäžžã«ãã³å
ãã¹ããŒã¹ã§åºåã£ãŠãªã¹ãåããæŒç®åã§ãã
<noinclude>
{{See also|[[Perl/æŒç®å#ã¯ãªãŒãæŒç®å]]}}
</noinclude>
<includeonly>
{{See also|[[#ã¯ãªãŒãæŒç®å]]}}
</includeonly>
é
åã¯ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»ã³ã³ããã¹ãã§è©äŸ¡ããããšãã®èŠçŽ æ°ãè¿ãã®ã§ãçµæãšããŠ$numberã«ã¯3ã代å
¥ãããŸãã<br>
ãã ã'''ãã®ãããªçµæã«ãªãã®ã¯é
åã ã'''ã§ãã
åè¿°ãããšããããªã¹ããã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»ã³ã³ããã¹ãã§è©äŸ¡ããããšãæåŸã®èŠçŽ ãè¿ãããŸãïŒ
;[https://paiza.io/projects/RjdQUDGdP17kuN2nMeYSWA?language=perl ã³ãŒãäŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my $var = qw(Foo Bar Baz);
my ($foo, $bar, $baz) = 'Foo';
print <<EOS;
$var
($foo), ($bar), ($baz)
EOS
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Baz
(Foo), (), ()
</syntaxhighlight>
: å³èŸºã¯ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã§ããã巊蟺ããªã¹ãå€ãæåŸ
ããŠããçºã1ã€ã®èŠçŽ 'Foo'ã®ã¿ãæã€ãªã¹ããšè§£éãããŸãã
ããã $foo ã«ä»£å
¥ãããŸãããæ®ãã®2ã€ã®å€æ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã察å¿ããå³èŸºå€ããªãçºæªå®çŸ©ãšãªããŸãã<br>
ãããã£ãŠãããã¯æ¬¡ã®ã³ãŒããšç䟡ã§ãïŒ
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my ($foo, $bar, $baz) = ('Foo', undef, undef);
</syntaxhighlight>
ãã©ã¯ãŒã宣èšããããµãã«ãŒãã³ã¯ãããã©ã«ãã§åŒæ°ã«ãªã¹ãã»ã³ã³ããã¹ããæäŸããŸãïŒ
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
sub user_func;
user_func 'foo', 'bar', 'baz';
</syntaxhighlight>
ããã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è§£éãããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
user_func('foo', 'bar', 'baz');
</syntaxhighlight>
ã€ãŸããæ¬åŒ§ã®ãªããµãã«ãŒãã³åŒã³åºãã¯ãªã¹ãæŒç®åãšããŠæ±ãããŸãã
ãããããã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
user_func('foo'), 'bar', 'baz'
</syntaxhighlight>
ãšè§£éããããã®ãªãããã©ã¯ãŒã宣èšã«ãããã¿ã€ããä»å ããããšã«ãã£ãŠåé
æŒç®åãšããŠè§£éãããããšãã§ããŸãïŒ
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
sub user_func($); # å®è£
ã«ããããã¿ã€ããå¿
èŠ
user_func 'foo', 'bar', 'baz';
</syntaxhighlight>
<noinclude>
{{See also|[[Perl/颿°#ãããã¿ã€ã]]}}
</noinclude>
<includeonly>
{{See also|[[#ãããã¿ã€ã]]}}
</includeonly>
ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»ã³ã³ããã¹ãã¯ããã«
* [[#æååã³ã³ããã¹ã|æååã³ã³ããã¹ã]]
* [[#æ°å€ã³ã³ããã¹ã|æ°å€ã³ã³ããã¹ã]]
* [[#çåœå€ã³ã³ããã¹ã|çåœå€ã³ã³ããã¹ã]]
* [[#ç¡å¹ã³ã³ããã¹ã|ç¡å¹ã³ã³ããã¹ã]]
ã«çްåãããè©äŸ¡ãããŸãã
=== æååã³ã³ããã¹ã ===
é·ãã«å¶éã®ãªãæååãšããŠæ±ãããŸãã
æ°å€ã¯ãã®ãŸãŸæååã«å€æãããæªå®çŸ©å€ã¯ç©ºæååã«ãªããŸãããªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãæååã«ãªããŸãããæååãšããŠåŠçããããªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãåã³ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã«æ»ãããšã¯ã§ããŸããïŒ
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my ($var, $refvar, $refstr);
$var = 'foo';
$refvar = \$var; #$$refvar eq 'foo'
$refstr = "$refvar"; # æååãšããŠæ ŒçŽ
$$refstr; #ãšã©ãŒ; $refstrã¯ãã¯ããªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã§ã¯ãªã
</syntaxhighlight>
=== æ°å€ã³ã³ããã¹ã ===
æ°å€ãªãã©ã«ãšããŠè§£éã§ããæååã¯æ°å€ãšããŠæ±ãããŸãããã以å€ã®æåããããšããã§è§£éãçµäºããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/qrQ43FcSOdswPr0C7otw1A?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight="6,8,10">
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
say sprintf __LINE__ . ": %d", 0 + '12345';
say sprintf __LINE__ . ": %d", 0 + '12345abcde';
say sprintf __LINE__ . ": %d", 0 + '123.45e2';
say sprintf __LINE__ . ": %d", 0 + '0b11000000111001';
say sprintf __LINE__ . ": %d", 0 + '012345';
say sprintf __LINE__ . ": %#x", 0 + '0x12345';
say sprintf __LINE__ . ": %#o", oct '12345';
say sprintf __LINE__ . ": %#x", hex '12345';
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡æãšã©ãŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Argument "12345abcde" isn't numeric in addition (+) at Main.pl line 6.
Argument "0b11000000111001" isn't numeric in addition (+) at Main.pl line 8.
Argument "0x12345" isn't numeric in addition (+) at Main.pl line 10.
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
5: 12345
6: 12345
7: 12345
8: 0
9: 12345
10: 0x12345
11: 012345
12: 0x12345
</syntaxhighlight>
: å
é ã«'0'ããã£ãŠã8鲿°ãšã¯è§£éãããŸãããâ0xâãå
é ã«ãããš16鲿°ãšããŠè©äŸ¡ãããŸãã
: åºæ°ãæç€ºããŠå€æããã«ã¯ oct() 颿°ã hex() 颿°ãå©çšããŸãã
{{See also|[[#oct|oct]]|[[#hex|hex]]|[[#sprintf|sprintf]]}}
=== çåœå€ã³ã³ããã¹ã ===
ifãwhileãªã©ã®å¶åŸ¡æ§æã修食æãandãorãªã©ã®è«çæŒç®åãæäŸããã³ã³ããã¹ãã§ãã
åœãšãªããã®ã¯ïŒ
* æ°å€ <code>0</code>
** èŠçŽ æ°0ã®é
å
** èŠçŽ æ°0ã®ãªã¹ã
** èŠçŽ æ°0ã®ããã·ã¥
* æåå <code>'0'</code>
* 空æåå <code><nowiki>''</nowiki></code>
* æªå®çŸ©å€ <code>undef</code>
ã§ãããæ®ãã¯å
šãŠçãšè§£éãããŸãã
'''ãæåå'0'ããšã¯'0'ãšããæååã®ããšã§ãããæ°å€ã³ã³ããã¹ãã§0ãšè§£éãããæååå
šãŠã®ããšã§ã¯ãªã'''ã®ã§æ³šæããŠãã ããã<br>
次ã®ãã®ã¯å
šãŠçãšãªããŸãïŒ
'0.0';
'aaa';
'0 but true';
=== ç¡å¹ã³ã³ããã¹ã ===
è©äŸ¡ããçµæãæšãŠãããŠããŸãã®ã§ãå€ãæåŸ
ããªãã³ã³ããã¹ãã§ããæ»ãå€ã®ãªã颿°åŒã³åºããªã©ãå¯äœçšãç®çãšããŠäœ¿ãããŸãã<br>
å¯äœçšããªãã³ãŒãã¯ãperlã«-wã¹ã€ãããã€ããŠå®è¡ãããšèŠåãçºããããŸãïŒ
'literal';
== åã°ãã ==
Perlã§ã¯ç°ãªãããŒã¿åã«å¯ŸããŠåãèå¥åãäžããããšãã§ããŸã:
$foo = 'bar';
@foo = ( 'bar', 'baz' );
%foo = ( bar => 'baz' );
sub foo { return 'bar' };
PerlåŠçç³»ã¯å
éšã«èå¥åããŒãã«ãšåŒã°ããããã·ã¥ãæã£ãŠããŸãããã®ããŒã¯èå¥åã§ããã察å¿ããå€ã¯''åã°ãã''ãšããããŒã¿æ§é ã§ããåã°ããã¯åãèå¥åãæã€ãã¹ãŠã®ããŒã¿åãžã®ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãæ ŒçŽããŠããŸããã€ãŸãäžèšã®äŸã ãšèå¥å'foo'ã®åã°ããã«ã¯ã¹ã«ã©ãŒãé
åãããã·ã¥ããµãã«ãŒãã³ãšãã4ã€ã®ããŒã¿åãžã®ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãæ ŒçŽãããŠããŸããåã°ããã¯èå¥åã®åã«'*'ãšãããã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãä»å ããŠè¡šçŸãããŸã:
*foo;
åã°ããèªèº«ã¯ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãæ ŒçŽããããã·ã¥ã§ãããããŒã¯ããŒã¿åã®ååã§ã:
*foo{SCALAR}; # \$foo
*foo{ARRAY}; # \@foo
*foo{HASH]; # \%foo
*foo{CODE}; # \&foo
*foo{GLOB}; # \*foo; èªåèªèº«ãžã®ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹
*foo{IO}; # ãã¡ã€ã«ãã³ãã«
*foo{FORMAT} # ãã©ãŒããã
=== åã°ãããžã®ä»£å
¥ ===
åã°ãããããŒã¿æ§é ã®äžã€ã§ãããã代å
¥ãè©äŸ¡ãã§ããŸããåã°ããã«å¥ã®åã°ããã代å
¥ãããšã倿°ã®å¥åïŒãšã€ãªã¢ã¹ïŒãå®çŸ©ããããšãåºæ¥ãŸã:
$foo = 'FOO';
@foo = ( 'FOO', 'BAR' );
*bar = *foo;
$bar = 'BAR';
push( @bar, 'BAZ' );
print $foo, "\n"; #BAR
print @foo, "\n"; #FOOBARBAZ
ããã¯ãã€ãŠPerlã«ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ããªãã£ãé ããµãã«ãŒãã³ã«åŒæ°ãåç
§æž¡ãããã®ã«å©çšãããŠããŸããããŸãããã¡ã€ã«ãã³ãã«ãšãã©ãŒãããã«ã¯ãã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãååšããªãã®ã§ãããããåãæž¡ãããå Žåã®å¯äžã®ææ®µã§ããããŸããã
for ( $i = 0; getline( *line ) != -1; $i++ ) {
print "line $i: $line";
}
sub getline {
local (*l) = @_;
return defined( $l = <STDIN> ) ? length( $l ) : -1;
}
çŸåšã§ã¯ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãå©çšã§ããã®ã§ãåã°ããã䜿ãå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããããã¡ã€ã«ãã³ãã«ããã©ãŒãããã«é¢ããŠãIOã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãªã©ã§ãªããžã§ã¯ããšããŠæ±ãããšãã§ããŸãã
ãªããåã°ããã¯èå¥åããŒãã«ã®å®äœãã®ãã®ã§ãããããããã¯ã«çµã³ä»ããããã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãã«ããããšã¯ã§ããŸãããèšãæãããšã'''local倿°ã«ã¯ã§ãããmy倿°ã«ã¯ã§ããŸããã'''
ãŸããç¹å®ã®ããŒã¿åã®ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã代å
¥ãããšããã®ããŒã¿åã«éå®ããŠå¥åãå®çŸ©ã§ããŸã:
$foo = 'FOO';
@foo = ( 'FOO', 'BAR' );
*bar = \@foo; #é
åã®ã¿å¥åãå®çŸ©
$bar = 'BAR';
push( @bar, 'BAZ' );
print $foo, "\n"; #FOO
print @foo, "\n"; #FOOBARBAZ
*qux = \&Foo::Bar::baz; # Foo::Barã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®baz颿°ãqux颿°ãšããŠã€ã³ããŒããã
{{Nav}}
<noinclude>
{{DEFAULTSORT:Perl ãžããã ãŠãããããã}}
[[Category:Perl|ãžããã ãŠãããããã]]
</noinclude> | 2005-03-05T14:57:24Z | 2024-03-03T10:50:35Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Nav",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:ã³ã©ã ",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:See also",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Main"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/Perl/%E5%A4%89%E6%95%B0%E3%80%81%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0 |
1,705 | çµ±èšåŠåºç€/確ç | 確çãšããèšèã¯, 仿¥ã§ã¯ãããããªå Žé¢ã§äœ¿ããã. éæ°Žç¢ºçã, åæ Œç¢ºç, äºæ
ã®èµ·ãã確ç, å®ããã®åœéžç¢ºçãªã©ãã®äœ¿ããæ¹ã¯å€å²ã«æž¡ã. 倧æµã®å Žå確çäœ%(ããŒã»ã³ã)ãšããããã«, ããŒã»ã³ã衚瀺ãããã, %ãšã¯æ¬æ¥per centã€ãŸã100ããããããã?ãšããå€ã瀺ãèšå·ã§ãã. äŸãã°, éæ°Žç¢ºçã§èããŠã¿ããš, éæ°Žç¢ºç40%ãšã¯, åããããªå€©æ°å³ã«ãªã£ãæ¥ã100æ¥ãã£ããšããã, ãã®å
40æ¥ã¯éšãéããšããããšã«ãªã. 100æ¥ããã40æ¥ãšããããšã¯, 1æ¥ããã 40/100=0. 4 ã®å²åã§èµ·ããŠããããšã«ãªã. å¿
ãéšãéããšèšãããŠãã100%ã§ããã°, 100÷100=1ã®å²åã§èµ·ãããšããããšã§, å¿
ãéããªããšèšããã0%ã§ããã°, 0÷100=0 ã®å²åã§èµ·ãããšããäºæž¬ã«ãªã. ã€ãŸã確çãšããã®ã¯0ãã1ãŸã§ã®å€ãåã.
確çãšããã®ã¯ãã®ããã«ãããç©äºãèµ·ããå²åããšããŠèãããã.
æšæ¬ç©ºéã§å®çŸ©ãããšãã, æšæ¬ç©ºéãäºè±¡ãšããã®ã¯ãèµ·ããããçµæ(æšæ¬ç¹)ã®éåãã ã£ã. ããäºè±¡Aãèµ·ãã確ç P(A) ãšã¯, å®éšã沢山繰ãè¿ããæã«, Aãèµ·ããå²åã®äºã§ãã.
äŸãã°, ã³ã€ã³æãã§ããã°, 衚ãåºã確çã¯1/2ã§ãã. 1åã³ã€ã³ãæããŠè¡šãåºããšãããš, å
š1åã®è©Šè¡äž, 1å衚ãåºãã®ã§, 衚ãåºãå²åã¯1÷1=1ã«ãªã. ãã1åæããŠ, ãŸã衚ãåºããšãããš, 衚ãåºãŠããå²åã¯2÷2=1ã§ãã. å
šç¶, 1/2ãšéãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã?ãšæãããããç¥ããªã. ãããéèŠãªã®ã¯ã沢山ãç¹°ãè¿ããæã«ãšããããšã§ãã. ã³ã€ã³æãã10å,100åãšç¹°ãè¿ããšãéããªã1/2ã«è¿ã¥ãã®ã§ããã
次ã®3ã€ã®åŒã®äºã確çã®å
¬çãšãã.
ãããã®æ§è³ªãæã€ P(x) ã®äºã確ç(ç¢ºçæž¬åºŠ)ãšãã. æåã«ã€ããŠã P1 , P2 , P3 ã¯, ãããã説æããããã®äŸ¿å®äžã®çªå·ã§ãã.
P1 ã®åŒã¯, 確ç㯠0 ãã 1 ãŸã§ã®å€ãåããšããæå³ã§ãã. 説æãããšãã確çãšããã®ã¯, å®éšåæ°ã«å¯ŸããŠãã®äºè±¡ãèµ·ããŠãããå²åãã§ãã. äžã®äžã«ã¯ãåæ Œç¢ºç 120 %ãã®ãããªå€ãªèšèãããã, åããããªå®åã®äººã 100 人éãŸã£ãŠå
¥åŠè©Šéšãªã©ãåéšã㊠120 äººåæ Œãããªã©ãšããå€ãªããšã¯ãªã. 100 人ããåéšããŠããªãã®ãªã, åæ Œãã人æ°ã®æå€§å€ã 100 人ã§ãã, å²åã®æå€§å€ã 1 ã§ãã.
P2 ã®åŒãèŠãŠãã ãã. æšæ¬ç©ºé Ω ã¯èµ·ããåŸãå
šãŠã®çµæã®éåãªã®ã§, å®éšãäœåºŠç¹°ãè¿ããŠã, Ω ã«å«ãŸããæšæ¬ç¹ã®ãã¡ã®ã©ãã 1 ã€ããå¿
ããèµ·ããŠãã. ãããã£ãŠ, æšæ¬ç©ºéãšããäºè±¡ãèµ·ãã確ç㯠1 ãšãªã.
P3 ã®åŒãäžçªåããã«ãããããããªã. ã Ï -å æ³æ§(ãããŸãã»ããã)ããšããé£ããååãã€ããŠãã.
èåäºè±¡ãšã¯äœã ã£ããæãåºããš, Aj â© Ak = Ï ã®æ, å³ã¡, Ajãš Akã«éãªããç¡ããšã, ãã® Ajãš Akã¯èåäºè±¡ã«ãªã. äºãã«èåãšã¯ã©ãããæå³ãªã®ããšããã°, j â k ã®æ Ajãš Akãèåäºè±¡, å³ã¡, ã©ã® 2 ã€ã®äºè±¡ãåã£ããšããŠã, äºãã«éãªããªããšããæå³ã§ãã.
巊蟺ã«ãã â k = 1 â A k {\displaystyle \bigcup _{k=1}^{\infty }A_{k}} ã¯Akã«éãªããç¡ãã®ã§, ããããã®Akã«å«ãŸããæšæ¬ç¹ã¯, ãã®åéåãåããšããæäœã§éãªãç¡ãè¶³ãã, â k = 1 â A k {\displaystyle \bigcup _{k=1}^{\infty }A_{k}} ãšããäžã€ã®éåã«ãªã. å³èŸºã¯, åAkã«äžãããã確çP(Ak)ããã®ãŸãŸè¶³ããªãããšããæå³ã§ãã. éãªããç¡ãããããè¶³ããã®ã§ãã. éãªãããããšç°¡åã«ã¯è¶³ããªã.
ãã£ã3ã€ã®ç¢ºçã®å
¬çãããããããªäºãåãã.
ãŸã A1 = Ω ãšãšã, k ⥠2 ã®ãšã㯠Ak = Ï ãšãã. ãã®æ, P3 ã®åŒã¯
ã ãã, P1 , P2 ã®æ¡ä»¶ãã, P(Ï )=0 ãšããã.
ãŸãã¯, P(Ï )=0 ãšããåŒãåŸããã. ãããã, P3 ã®åŒã«ã€ããŠããå°ãæ¡ä»¶ãå³ããã㊠k > n ã®ãšã㯠Ak = Ï ãšãããš, P3 ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«æžãæãããã.
k > n ã®ãšãã¯, P(Ak )= P(Ï) =0 ã§ããããšã䜿ã£ã. ãªãã ãåããã©ãããšãããŠããšæããããããããªãã, æ°åŠã§ã¯æåã«æ±ºããŠããçŽæäºã¯å°ãªãæ¹ããã, ãã®å°ãªãçŽæäºããããã«å€ãã®äºå®ãå°ãåºããã?ãšããããšãæ°åŠã®é¢çœãã§ããã.
å·®äºè±¡ A - B ã«ã€ã㊠(A - B) ⪠(A â© B) = A ã〠(A - B) â© (A â© B) = Ï ãªã®ã§
ãšãªã.
ããã§, A â B ã§ããã° A â© B=B ãªã®ã§
ãšãªã.
ãŸã, A = Ω ã§ããã°, å·®äºè±¡ Ω - B ã¯, äºè±¡Bã®è£äºè±¡ B ã®äºãªã®ã§
ãšãªã. ãããŸã§æ¥ãŠ, åã®è¯ãæ¹ã¯æ°ä»ãããç¥ããªãã
ãã
ã§ãã. ãã®äžçåŒãå°ããŸã§, P1 ã®äžçåŒ 0 †P(A) †1 ã¯, å·ŠåŽã®äžçå·ãã䜿ã£ãŠãªãããšã«æ³šç®ãããš, P1 ã®å³åŽã®äžçå·ã¯äœåãšããããšã§, P1 ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãæžãæãããã.
A ⪠B = (A - B) ⪠B ã〠(A - B) â© B = Ï ã§ãããåäºè±¡ A ⪠B ã«ã€ããŠ
ãšãªã. ãã®åŒã¯å æ³å®çãšãåŒã°ãã.
P(A)>0 ã®ãšã
ãæ¡ä»¶ä»ã確çãšãã.
P(B|A)ã¯, å
šäºè±¡ãΩ ããAã«åãæ¿ãããšãã®äºè±¡Bã®èµ·ãã確çãšèããããšãã§ãã. å³ã¡, P(B|A)ã¯äºè±¡Aãå¿
ãèµ·ãããšããæ¡ä»¶ã®å
ã§ã®äºè±¡Bã®èµ·ãã確çã§ãã.
ãã®ãšã, Aã¯å
šäºè±¡ãšèããã®ã ãã
ã§ãã. ããã¯, 確çã®å
¬çã® P2 ã«åœããåŒã«ãªã. Aãåºå®ãããšã P(x|A)ãšãã颿°ã P1 ã P3 ãæºãã, 確çãšãªãããšãåãã.
å®çŸ©åŒã®åæ¯ãæã£ãçåŒ
ã乿³å®çãšèšã. æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確çã®å®çŸ©ã§ã¯ P(A)>0 ãä»®å®ããã, ãã®ããã«èŠãŠã¿ããš P(A) ⥠0 ã«æ¡åŒµããŠãåé¡ãªããšåãã. å®çŸ©ã®é
ã§ã¯, äœæ
ãã®ãããªçްããæ¡ä»¶ãã€ãããããã®ããšèšãã°, å²ãç®ã«ãã㊠0 ã§å²ããšããæäœã¯èªããããŠãªãããã§ãã. åæ°ã®åæ¯ã« 0 ãæ¥ãããšã¯é¿ããªããã°ãªããªã.
äºè±¡AãšBã
ãæºãããšãAãšBã¯ç¬ç«ã§ãããšèšã.
0< P(A)<1 ã®ãšã
ãšãªã. ããã§,
ãšãªãã®ã§çµå±
ã€ãŸã, Bã®èµ·ãã確çã¯Aãèµ·ãããã©ããã«å¯ããªããšããããšã§ãã. P(A) = 1 or 0 ã®æã¯, A ãå¿
ãèµ·ããã, å¿
ãèµ·ããªãã£ããããã®ã§, ãã®å Žå B ã®èµ·ãã確çãš A ã¯é¢ä¿ããªã.
èŠãç®ãå
šãåãç®±ã 2 ã€ãã. ç®±1 ãš ç®±2ãšãã.
å
¥ã£ãŠãããšãã. ã©ã¡ãã®ç®±ãåãããªãã, æãå
¥ããŠçãäžã€ã ãåãã ããŠã¿ããšèµ€ãçã ã£ã. ãã®å Žå, éžãã ç®±ãç®±1ã§ãã確çã¯ããã€ã ããã?ç®±ãéžã¶ç¢ºçã¯ã©ã¡ããçãã(1/2) ã§ãããšãã. ç®±1ã®æ¹ãèµ€çãåºããããã§ããã®ã§, ç®±1ã®æ¹ãéžãã§ããå¯èœæ§ã¯é«ããã ãã. ããªãã¡, èµ€çãåºããšããäºã決å®ããåŸã§ã¯, ç®±1ãšç®±2ã®ã©ã¡ããéžãã ã?ãšãã確çã¯çãããªãããã§ãã. ãã®ãããªç¢ºçãã©ã®ããã«èª¿ã¹ããããã ããã?ãšããã®ããã®ç¯ã®ç®çã§ãã.
B1, B2, ... , Bn ãäºãã«èåäºè±¡ã§, B1âªB2âª...âªBn = Ωã§ãããšãã.
ã®2ã€ã®åŒãã,
ãšããã. ããããã€ãºã®å®çãšãã.
ãã®åŒã®å³èŸºã®ååã®æå³ã¯, Biãèµ·ããŠAãèµ·ãã確çã§ãã. ãããP(A)ã§å²ã£ãŠãã. ããªãã¡ A ãçµæãšããŠèµ·ãããšãã«, Bi ãèµ·ããŠãã確çãšããæå³ã§ãã. P(Bi)ãäºå確ç, P(Bi|A)ãäºåŸç¢ºçãšãã.
æåã®åé¡ã«æ»ããš, ç®±i ãéžã¶ãšããäºè±¡ã Bi, èµ€çãåºããšããäºè±¡ã A ãšãã.
ãšãªã, ç®±1ãéžãã§ãã確çã¯, ã»ãŒ 0.82 ããããšèšããã®ã§ãã.
ããäžã€ããã€ãºã®å®çãç¥ããªããšæ£ãã倿ãåºæ¥ãªãäŸãæããŠãããã
ã10000人ã«1人ã®å²åã§ãããç
æ°ãããããŸãããã®ç
æ°ã«ããã£ãŠãããã©ãããå€å¥ããããã®ããæ€æ»ã¯ã99ããŒã»ã³ãã®ç²ŸåºŠãæã£ãŠããããããããªãããã®æ€æ»ã§ç
æ°ã«ããã£ãŠãããšãããããšããããªããç
æ°ã§ãã確çã¯ã©ã®ãããã ããã?ã
ããããããã€ãºã®å®çãç¥ããªããš99ããŒã»ã³ããšçããŠããŸãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã ããããããã§ãå®éã«ããã€ãºã®å®çãçšããŠèšç®ããŠã¿ãŠæ¬²ãããç
æ°ã«ããã£ãŠããªãã®ã«æ€æ»ãééãããšããå¯èœæ§ã®ã»ããé«ããæ£ããã¯1ããŒã»ã³ãã«ãæºããªããšããããšãåããã ããã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "確çãšããèšèã¯, 仿¥ã§ã¯ãããããªå Žé¢ã§äœ¿ããã. éæ°Žç¢ºçã, åæ Œç¢ºç, äºæ
ã®èµ·ãã確ç, å®ããã®åœéžç¢ºçãªã©ãã®äœ¿ããæ¹ã¯å€å²ã«æž¡ã. 倧æµã®å Žå確çäœ%(ããŒã»ã³ã)ãšããããã«, ããŒã»ã³ã衚瀺ãããã, %ãšã¯æ¬æ¥per centã€ãŸã100ããããããã?ãšããå€ã瀺ãèšå·ã§ãã. äŸãã°, éæ°Žç¢ºçã§èããŠã¿ããš, éæ°Žç¢ºç40%ãšã¯, åããããªå€©æ°å³ã«ãªã£ãæ¥ã100æ¥ãã£ããšããã, ãã®å
40æ¥ã¯éšãéããšããããšã«ãªã. 100æ¥ããã40æ¥ãšããããšã¯, 1æ¥ããã 40/100=0. 4 ã®å²åã§èµ·ããŠããããšã«ãªã. å¿
ãéšãéããšèšãããŠãã100%ã§ããã°, 100÷100=1ã®å²åã§èµ·ãããšããããšã§, å¿
ãéããªããšèšããã0%ã§ããã°, 0÷100=0 ã®å²åã§èµ·ãããšããäºæž¬ã«ãªã. ã€ãŸã確çãšããã®ã¯0ãã1ãŸã§ã®å€ãåã.",
"title": "確çã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "確çãšããã®ã¯ãã®ããã«ãããç©äºãèµ·ããå²åããšããŠèãããã.",
"title": "確çã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æšæ¬ç©ºéã§å®çŸ©ãããšãã, æšæ¬ç©ºéãäºè±¡ãšããã®ã¯ãèµ·ããããçµæ(æšæ¬ç¹)ã®éåãã ã£ã. ããäºè±¡Aãèµ·ãã確ç P(A) ãšã¯, å®éšã沢山繰ãè¿ããæã«, Aãèµ·ããå²åã®äºã§ãã.",
"title": "確çã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°, ã³ã€ã³æãã§ããã°, 衚ãåºã確çã¯1/2ã§ãã. 1åã³ã€ã³ãæããŠè¡šãåºããšãããš, å
š1åã®è©Šè¡äž, 1å衚ãåºãã®ã§, 衚ãåºãå²åã¯1÷1=1ã«ãªã. ãã1åæããŠ, ãŸã衚ãåºããšãããš, 衚ãåºãŠããå²åã¯2÷2=1ã§ãã. å
šç¶, 1/2ãšéãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã?ãšæãããããç¥ããªã. ãããéèŠãªã®ã¯ã沢山ãç¹°ãè¿ããæã«ãšããããšã§ãã. ã³ã€ã³æãã10å,100åãšç¹°ãè¿ããšãéããªã1/2ã«è¿ã¥ãã®ã§ããã",
"title": "確çã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "確çã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®3ã€ã®åŒã®äºã確çã®å
¬çãšãã.",
"title": "確çã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®æ§è³ªãæã€ P(x) ã®äºã確ç(ç¢ºçæž¬åºŠ)ãšãã. æåã«ã€ããŠã P1 , P2 , P3 ã¯, ãããã説æããããã®äŸ¿å®äžã®çªå·ã§ãã.",
"title": "確çã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "P1 ã®åŒã¯, 確ç㯠0 ãã 1 ãŸã§ã®å€ãåããšããæå³ã§ãã. 説æãããšãã確çãšããã®ã¯, å®éšåæ°ã«å¯ŸããŠãã®äºè±¡ãèµ·ããŠãããå²åãã§ãã. äžã®äžã«ã¯ãåæ Œç¢ºç 120 %ãã®ãããªå€ãªèšèãããã, åããããªå®åã®äººã 100 人éãŸã£ãŠå
¥åŠè©Šéšãªã©ãåéšã㊠120 äººåæ Œãããªã©ãšããå€ãªããšã¯ãªã. 100 人ããåéšããŠããªãã®ãªã, åæ Œãã人æ°ã®æå€§å€ã 100 人ã§ãã, å²åã®æå€§å€ã 1 ã§ãã.",
"title": "確çã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "P2 ã®åŒãèŠãŠãã ãã. æšæ¬ç©ºé Ω ã¯èµ·ããåŸãå
šãŠã®çµæã®éåãªã®ã§, å®éšãäœåºŠç¹°ãè¿ããŠã, Ω ã«å«ãŸããæšæ¬ç¹ã®ãã¡ã®ã©ãã 1 ã€ããå¿
ããèµ·ããŠãã. ãããã£ãŠ, æšæ¬ç©ºéãšããäºè±¡ãèµ·ãã確ç㯠1 ãšãªã.",
"title": "確çã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "P3 ã®åŒãäžçªåããã«ãããããããªã. ã Ï -å æ³æ§(ãããŸãã»ããã)ããšããé£ããååãã€ããŠãã.",
"title": "確çã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èåäºè±¡ãšã¯äœã ã£ããæãåºããš, Aj â© Ak = Ï ã®æ, å³ã¡, Ajãš Akã«éãªããç¡ããšã, ãã® Ajãš Akã¯èåäºè±¡ã«ãªã. äºãã«èåãšã¯ã©ãããæå³ãªã®ããšããã°, j â k ã®æ Ajãš Akãèåäºè±¡, å³ã¡, ã©ã® 2 ã€ã®äºè±¡ãåã£ããšããŠã, äºãã«éãªããªããšããæå³ã§ãã.",
"title": "確çã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "巊蟺ã«ãã â k = 1 â A k {\\displaystyle \\bigcup _{k=1}^{\\infty }A_{k}} ã¯Akã«éãªããç¡ãã®ã§, ããããã®Akã«å«ãŸããæšæ¬ç¹ã¯, ãã®åéåãåããšããæäœã§éãªãç¡ãè¶³ãã, â k = 1 â A k {\\displaystyle \\bigcup _{k=1}^{\\infty }A_{k}} ãšããäžã€ã®éåã«ãªã. å³èŸºã¯, åAkã«äžãããã確çP(Ak)ããã®ãŸãŸè¶³ããªãããšããæå³ã§ãã. éãªããç¡ãããããè¶³ããã®ã§ãã. éãªãããããšç°¡åã«ã¯è¶³ããªã.",
"title": "確çã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "確çã®å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ã3ã€ã®ç¢ºçã®å
¬çãããããããªäºãåãã.",
"title": "確çã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸã A1 = Ω ãšãšã, k ⥠2 ã®ãšã㯠Ak = Ï ãšãã. ãã®æ, P3 ã®åŒã¯",
"title": "確çã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã ãã, P1 , P2 ã®æ¡ä»¶ãã, P(Ï )=0 ãšããã.",
"title": "確çã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã¯, P(Ï )=0 ãšããåŒãåŸããã. ãããã, P3 ã®åŒã«ã€ããŠããå°ãæ¡ä»¶ãå³ããã㊠k > n ã®ãšã㯠Ak = Ï ãšãããš, P3 ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«æžãæãããã.",
"title": "確çã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "k > n ã®ãšãã¯, P(Ak )= P(Ï) =0 ã§ããããšã䜿ã£ã. ãªãã ãåããã©ãããšãããŠããšæããããããããªãã, æ°åŠã§ã¯æåã«æ±ºããŠããçŽæäºã¯å°ãªãæ¹ããã, ãã®å°ãªãçŽæäºããããã«å€ãã®äºå®ãå°ãåºããã?ãšããããšãæ°åŠã®é¢çœãã§ããã.",
"title": "確çã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å·®äºè±¡ A - B ã«ã€ã㊠(A - B) ⪠(A â© B) = A ã〠(A - B) â© (A â© B) = Ï ãªã®ã§",
"title": "確çã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã.",
"title": "確çã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§, A â B ã§ããã° A â© B=B ãªã®ã§",
"title": "確çã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã.",
"title": "確çã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸã, A = Ω ã§ããã°, å·®äºè±¡ Ω - B ã¯, äºè±¡Bã®è£äºè±¡ B ã®äºãªã®ã§",
"title": "確çã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã. ãããŸã§æ¥ãŠ, åã®è¯ãæ¹ã¯æ°ä»ãããç¥ããªãã",
"title": "確çã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã",
"title": "確çã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãã. ãã®äžçåŒãå°ããŸã§, P1 ã®äžçåŒ 0 †P(A) †1 ã¯, å·ŠåŽã®äžçå·ãã䜿ã£ãŠãªãããšã«æ³šç®ãããš, P1 ã®å³åŽã®äžçå·ã¯äœåãšããããšã§, P1 ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãæžãæãããã.",
"title": "確çã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "A ⪠B = (A - B) ⪠B ã〠(A - B) â© B = Ï ã§ãããåäºè±¡ A ⪠B ã«ã€ããŠ",
"title": "確çã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã. ãã®åŒã¯å æ³å®çãšãåŒã°ãã.",
"title": "確çã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "P(A)>0 ã®ãšã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæ¡ä»¶ä»ã確çãšãã.",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "P(B|A)ã¯, å
šäºè±¡ãΩ ããAã«åãæ¿ãããšãã®äºè±¡Bã®èµ·ãã確çãšèããããšãã§ãã. å³ã¡, P(B|A)ã¯äºè±¡Aãå¿
ãèµ·ãããšããæ¡ä»¶ã®å
ã§ã®äºè±¡Bã®èµ·ãã確çã§ãã.",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãšã, Aã¯å
šäºè±¡ãšèããã®ã ãã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãã. ããã¯, 確çã®å
¬çã® P2 ã«åœããåŒã«ãªã. Aãåºå®ãããšã P(x|A)ãšãã颿°ã P1 ã P3 ãæºãã, 確çãšãªãããšãåãã.",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®çŸ©åŒã®åæ¯ãæã£ãçåŒ",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã乿³å®çãšèšã. æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確çã®å®çŸ©ã§ã¯ P(A)>0 ãä»®å®ããã, ãã®ããã«èŠãŠã¿ããš P(A) ⥠0 ã«æ¡åŒµããŠãåé¡ãªããšåãã. å®çŸ©ã®é
ã§ã¯, äœæ
ãã®ãããªçްããæ¡ä»¶ãã€ãããããã®ããšèšãã°, å²ãç®ã«ãã㊠0 ã§å²ããšããæäœã¯èªããããŠãªãããã§ãã. åæ°ã®åæ¯ã« 0 ãæ¥ãããšã¯é¿ããªããã°ãªããªã.",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äºè±¡AãšBã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºãããšãAãšBã¯ç¬ç«ã§ãããšèšã.",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "0< P(A)<1 ã®ãšã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã. ããã§,",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã®ã§çµå±",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸã, Bã®èµ·ãã確çã¯Aãèµ·ãããã©ããã«å¯ããªããšããããšã§ãã. P(A) = 1 or 0 ã®æã¯, A ãå¿
ãèµ·ããã, å¿
ãèµ·ããªãã£ããããã®ã§, ãã®å Žå B ã®èµ·ãã確çãš A ã¯é¢ä¿ããªã.",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èŠãç®ãå
šãåãç®±ã 2 ã€ãã. ç®±1 ãš ç®±2ãšãã.",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
¥ã£ãŠãããšãã. ã©ã¡ãã®ç®±ãåãããªãã, æãå
¥ããŠçãäžã€ã ãåãã ããŠã¿ããšèµ€ãçã ã£ã. ãã®å Žå, éžãã ç®±ãç®±1ã§ãã確çã¯ããã€ã ããã?ç®±ãéžã¶ç¢ºçã¯ã©ã¡ããçãã(1/2) ã§ãããšãã. ç®±1ã®æ¹ãèµ€çãåºããããã§ããã®ã§, ç®±1ã®æ¹ãéžãã§ããå¯èœæ§ã¯é«ããã ãã. ããªãã¡, èµ€çãåºããšããäºã決å®ããåŸã§ã¯, ç®±1ãšç®±2ã®ã©ã¡ããéžãã ã?ãšãã確çã¯çãããªãããã§ãã. ãã®ãããªç¢ºçãã©ã®ããã«èª¿ã¹ããããã ããã?ãšããã®ããã®ç¯ã®ç®çã§ãã.",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "B1, B2, ... , Bn ãäºãã«èåäºè±¡ã§, B1âªB2âª...âªBn = Ωã§ãããšãã.",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®2ã€ã®åŒãã,",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã. ããããã€ãºã®å®çãšãã.",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åŒã®å³èŸºã®ååã®æå³ã¯, Biãèµ·ããŠAãèµ·ãã確çã§ãã. ãããP(A)ã§å²ã£ãŠãã. ããªãã¡ A ãçµæãšããŠèµ·ãããšãã«, Bi ãèµ·ããŠãã確çãšããæå³ã§ãã. P(Bi)ãäºå確ç, P(Bi|A)ãäºåŸç¢ºçãšãã.",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåã®åé¡ã«æ»ããš, ç®±i ãéžã¶ãšããäºè±¡ã Bi, èµ€çãåºããšããäºè±¡ã A ãšãã.",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã, ç®±1ãéžãã§ãã確çã¯, ã»ãŒ 0.82 ããããšèšããã®ã§ãã.",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããäžã€ããã€ãºã®å®çãç¥ããªããšæ£ãã倿ãåºæ¥ãªãäŸãæããŠãããã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã10000人ã«1人ã®å²åã§ãããç
æ°ãããããŸãããã®ç
æ°ã«ããã£ãŠãããã©ãããå€å¥ããããã®ããæ€æ»ã¯ã99ããŒã»ã³ãã®ç²ŸåºŠãæã£ãŠããããããããªãããã®æ€æ»ã§ç
æ°ã«ããã£ãŠãããšãããããšããããªããç
æ°ã§ãã確çã¯ã©ã®ãããã ããã?ã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããããã€ãºã®å®çãç¥ããªããš99ããŒã»ã³ããšçããŠããŸãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã ããããããã§ãå®éã«ããã€ãºã®å®çãçšããŠèšç®ããŠã¿ãŠæ¬²ãããç
æ°ã«ããã£ãŠããªãã®ã«æ€æ»ãééãããšããå¯èœæ§ã®ã»ããé«ããæ£ããã¯1ããŒã»ã³ãã«ãæºããªããšããããšãåããã ããã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç"
}
] | null | ==確çã®å°å
¥==
===確çãšã¯===
確çãšããèšèã¯, 仿¥ã§ã¯ãããããªå Žé¢ã§äœ¿ããã. éæ°Žç¢ºçã, åæ Œç¢ºç, äºæ
ã®èµ·ãã確ç, å®ããã®åœéžç¢ºçãªã©ãã®äœ¿ããæ¹ã¯å€å²ã«æž¡ã. 倧æµã®å Žå確çäœïŒ
ïŒããŒã»ã³ãïŒãšããããã«, ããŒã»ã³ã衚瀺ãããã, ïŒ
ãšã¯æ¬æ¥per centã€ãŸã100ãããããããïŒãšããå€ã瀺ãèšå·ã§ãã. äŸãã°, éæ°Žç¢ºçã§èããŠã¿ããš, éæ°Žç¢ºç40ïŒ
ãšã¯, åããããªå€©æ°å³ã«ãªã£ãæ¥ã100æ¥ãã£ããšããã, ãã®å
40æ¥ã¯éšãéããšããããšã«ãªã. 100æ¥ããã40æ¥ãšããããšã¯, 1æ¥ããã 40/100=0. 4 ã®å²åã§èµ·ããŠããããšã«ãªã. å¿
ãéšãéããšèšãããŠãã100ïŒ
ã§ããã°, 100÷100=1ã®å²åã§èµ·ãããšããããšã§, å¿
ãéããªããšèšããã0ïŒ
ã§ããã°, 0÷100=0 ã®å²åã§èµ·ãããšããäºæž¬ã«ãªã. ã€ãŸã確çãšããã®ã¯0ãã1ãŸã§ã®å€ãåã.
確çãšããã®ã¯ãã®ããã«ãããç©äºãèµ·ãã'''å²å'''ããšããŠèãããã.
===å²åãšç¢ºç===
[[çµ±èšåŠ_åºç€_æšæ¬ç©ºé|æšæ¬ç©ºé]]ã§å®çŸ©ãããšãã, æšæ¬ç©ºéãäºè±¡ãšããã®ã¯ãèµ·ããããçµæïŒæšæ¬ç¹ïŒã®éåãã ã£ã. ããäºè±¡''A''ãèµ·ãã'''確ç''' ''P''(''A'') ãšã¯, å®éšã沢山繰ãè¿ããæã«, ''A''ãèµ·ããå²åã®äºã§ãã.
äŸãã°, ã³ã€ã³æãã§ããã°, 衚ãåºã確çã¯1/2ã§ãã. 1åã³ã€ã³ãæããŠè¡šãåºããšãããš, å
š1åã®è©Šè¡äž, 1å衚ãåºãã®ã§, 衚ãåºãå²åã¯1÷1=1ã«ãªã. ãã1åæããŠ, ãŸã衚ãåºããšãããš, 衚ãåºãŠããå²åã¯2÷2=1ã§ãã. å
šç¶, 1/2ãšéãã®ã§ã¯ãªããïŒãšæãããããç¥ããªã. ãããéèŠãªã®ã¯ã沢山ãç¹°ãè¿ããæã«ãšããããšã§ãã. ã³ã€ã³æãã10å,100åãšç¹°ãè¿ããšãéããªã1/2ã«è¿ã¥ãã®ã§ããã
===確çã®å
===
====èšå·ã®å®çŸ©====
: Ωãæšæ¬ç©ºé, ''A''ãäºè±¡ãšãã.
: ''P''(''x'') ã¯, äºè±¡ ''x'' ãç¬ç«å€æ°ãšã, 宿°å€ãåã颿°ãšãã.
: ''A''<sub>1</sub>, ''A''<sub>2</sub>, âŠã¯äºè±¡ã®åãšãã.
====確çã®å
====
次ã®3ã€ã®åŒã®äºã'''確çã®å
¬ç'''ãšãã.
: ''P''<sub>1</sub> : ä»»æã®äºè±¡''A''ã«å¯Ÿã 0 ≤ ''P''(''A'') ≤ 1
: ''P''<sub>2</sub> : ''P''(Ω)=1
: ''P''<sub>3</sub> : ''A''<sub>1</sub>, ''A''<sub>2</sub>, ⊠ãäºãã«èåäºè±¡ã§ãããšã <math> P(\bigcup^{\infty}_{k=1} A_k)=\sum^{\infty}_{k=1} P(A_k)</math>( σ-å æ³æ§)
ãããã®æ§è³ªãæã€ ''P''(''x'') ã®äºã'''確çïŒç¢ºç枬床ïŒ'''ãšãã. æåã«ã€ããŠã ''P''<sub>1</sub> , ''P''<sub>2</sub> , ''P''<sub>3</sub> ã¯, ãããã説æããããã®äŸ¿å®äžã®çªå·ã§ãã.
''P''<sub>1</sub> ã®åŒã¯, 確ç㯠0 ãã 1 ãŸã§ã®å€ãåããšããæå³ã§ãã. 説æãããšãã確çãšããã®ã¯, å®éšåæ°ã«å¯ŸããŠãã®äºè±¡ãèµ·ããŠãããå²åãã§ãã. äžã®äžã«ã¯ãåæ Œç¢ºç 120 ïŒ
ãã®ãããªå€ãªèšèãããã, åããããªå®åã®äººã 100 人éãŸã£ãŠå
¥åŠè©Šéšãªã©ãåéšã㊠120 äººåæ Œãããªã©ãšããå€ãªããšã¯ãªã. 100 人ããåéšããŠããªãã®ãªã, åæ Œãã人æ°ã®æå€§å€ã 100 人ã§ãã, å²åã®æå€§å€ã 1 ã§ãã.
''P''<sub>2</sub> ã®åŒãèŠãŠãã ãã. æšæ¬ç©ºé Ω ã¯èµ·ããåŸãå
šãŠã®çµæã®éåãªã®ã§, å®éšãäœåºŠç¹°ãè¿ããŠã, Ω ã«å«ãŸããæšæ¬ç¹ã®ãã¡ã®ã©ãã 1 ã€ããå¿
ããèµ·ããŠãã. ãããã£ãŠ, æšæ¬ç©ºéãšããäºè±¡ãèµ·ãã確ç㯠1 ãšãªã.
''P''<sub>3</sub> ã®åŒãäžçªåããã«ãããããããªã. ã σ -å æ³æ§ïŒãããŸãã»ãããïŒããšããé£ããååãã€ããŠãã.
:ç·åèšå·ãåããã«ãããšæã人ã¯
: ''P''(''A''<sub>1</sub> ∪ ''A''<sub>2</sub> ∪ ⊠)=''P''(''A''<sub>1</sub>)+''P''(''A''<sub>2</sub>)+âŠ
:ãšããåŒã ãšæããšãã.
èåäºè±¡ãšã¯äœã ã£ããæãåºããš, ''A''<sub>j</sub> ∩ ''A''<sub>k</sub> = φ ã®æ, å³ã¡, ''A''<sub>j</sub>ãš ''A''<sub>k</sub>ã«éãªããç¡ããšã, ãã® ''A''<sub>j</sub>ãš ''A''<sub>k</sub>ã¯èåäºè±¡ã«ãªã. äºãã«èåãšã¯ã©ãããæå³ãªã®ããšããã°, j ≠ k ã®æ
''A''<sub>j</sub>ãš ''A''<sub>k</sub>ãèåäºè±¡, å³ã¡, ã©ã® 2 ã€ã®äºè±¡ãåã£ããšããŠã, äºãã«éãªããªããšããæå³ã§ãã.
巊蟺ã«ãã<math>\bigcup^{\infty}_{k=1} A_k </math>ã¯''A''<sub>k</sub>ã«éãªããç¡ãã®ã§, ããããã®''A''<sub>k</sub>ã«å«ãŸããæšæ¬ç¹ã¯, ãã®åéåãåããšããæäœã§éãªãç¡ãè¶³ãã, <math>\bigcup^{\infty}_{k=1} A_k </math>ãšããäžã€ã®éåã«ãªã. å³èŸºã¯, å''A''<sub>k</sub>ã«äžãããã確ç''P''(''A''<sub>k</sub>)ããã®ãŸãŸè¶³ããªãããšããæå³ã§ãã. éãªããç¡ãããããè¶³ããã®ã§ãã. éãªãããããšç°¡åã«ã¯è¶³ããªã.
:èåäºè±¡ã§ç¡ãå Žåã®ç¢ºçã®åã®åãæ¹ã¯, ãŸãåŸã»ã©èª¬æãã.
==確çã®å¿çš==
ãã£ã''3''ã€ã®ç¢ºçã®å
¬çãããããããªäºãåãã.
===空äºè±¡ã®ç¢ºç===
ãŸã ''A''<sub>1</sub> = Ω ãšãšã, k ≥ 2 ã®ãšã㯠''A''<sub>k</sub> = φ ãšãã. ãã®æ, ''P''<sub>3</sub> ã®åŒã¯
:''P''(Ω)=''P''(Ω)+''P''(φ)+''P''(φ) âŠ
ã ãã, ''P''<sub>1</sub> , ''P''<sub>2</sub> ã®æ¡ä»¶ãã, ''P''(φ )=0 ãšããã.
: ''P''<sub>3</sub> ã®æ¡ä»¶ã«ã€ããŠå°ãè£è¶³ãã. ä»»æã®äºè±¡''x''ã«å¯Ÿã㊠''x'' ∩ φ = φ ã§ãã. ã€ãŸã, 空äºè±¡ãšä»ã®äºè±¡ã®å
±ééšåïŒç©äºè±¡ïŒã¯, 空äºè±¡ã§ãã. 空äºè±¡å士ã®å
±ééšåã空äºè±¡ã§ãã. ããã¯, 空äºè±¡ãšä»»æã®äºè±¡''x''ã¯èåäºè±¡ã§ããããšã瀺ããŠãã. ãããã£ãŠ, ''P''<sub>3</sub> ã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºãã, ''P''<sub>3</sub> ã®åŒã䜿ãããšããããšã«ãªã.
===æéå æ³æ§===
ãŸãã¯, ''P''(φ )=0 ãšããåŒãåŸããã. ãããã, ''P''<sub>3</sub> ã®åŒã«ã€ããŠããå°ãæ¡ä»¶ãå³ããã㊠k > n ã®ãšã㯠''A''<sub>k</sub> = φ ãšãããš, ''P''<sub>3</sub> ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«æžãæãããã.
: ''P''<sub>4</sub> : ''A''<sub>1</sub>, ''A''<sub>2</sub>, ⊠, ''A''<sub>n</sub> ãäºãã«èåäºè±¡ã§ãããšã <math> P(\bigcup^n_{k=1} A_k)=\sum^n_{k=1} P(A_k)</math>ïŒæéå æ³æ§ïŒ
''k'' > ''n'' ã®ãšãã¯, ''P''(''A''<sub>k</sub> )= ''P''(φ) =0 ã§ããããšã䜿ã£ã.
ãªãã ãåããã©ãããšãããŠããšæããããããããªãã, æ°åŠã§ã¯æåã«æ±ºããŠããçŽæäºã¯å°ãªãæ¹ããã, ãã®å°ãªãçŽæäºããããã«å€ãã®äºå®ãå°ãåºãããïŒãšããããšãæ°åŠã®é¢çœãã§ããã.
===å·®äºè±¡ãšè£äºè±¡===
å·®äºè±¡ ''A'' - ''B'' ã«ã€ã㊠(''A'' - ''B'') ⪠(''A'' â© ''B'') = ''A'' ã〠(''A'' - ''B'') ∩ (''A'' ∩ ''B'') = φ ãªã®ã§
:''P''(''A'')=''P''(''A'' - ''B'')+''P''(''A'' ∩ ''B'')
:''P''(''A'' - ''B'')=''P''(''A'')-''P''(''A'' ∩ ''B'')
ãšãªã.
ããã§, ''A'' â ''B'' ã§ããã° ''A'' ∩ ''B''=''B'' ãªã®ã§
:''P''(''A'')=''P''(''A'' - ''B'')+''P''(''B'') ≥ ''P''(''B'')
ãšãªã.
ãŸã, ''A'' = Ω ã§ããã°, å·®äºè±¡ Ω - ''B'' ã¯, äºè±¡''B''ã®è£äºè±¡ ''B''<sup>c</sup> ã®äºãªã®ã§
:''P''(''B''<sup>c</sup>)=''P''(Ω)-''P''(''B'') = 1-''P''(''B'')
ãšãªã.
ãããŸã§æ¥ãŠ, åã®è¯ãæ¹ã¯æ°ä»ãããç¥ããªãã
:''P''(''B''<sup>c</sup>)= 1-''P''(''B'') ≥ 0
ãã
:''P''(''B'') ≤ 1
ã§ãã. ãã®äžçåŒãå°ããŸã§, ''P''<sub>1</sub> ã®äžçåŒ 0 ≤ ''P''(''A'') ≤ 1 ã¯, å·ŠåŽã®äžçå·ãã䜿ã£ãŠãªãããšã«æ³šç®ãããš, ''P''<sub>1</sub> ã®å³åŽã®äžçå·ã¯äœåãšããããšã§, ''P''<sub>1</sub> ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãæžãæãããã.
:P<sub>1</sub>′: ä»»æã®äºè±¡''A''ã«å¯Ÿã ''P''(''A'') ≥ 0
===åäºè±¡===
''A'' ∪ ''B'' = (''A'' - ''B'') ∪ ''B'' ã〠(''A'' - ''B'') ∩ ''B'' = φ ã§ãããåäºè±¡ ''A'' ∪ ''B'' ã«ã€ããŠ
:''P''(''A'' ∪ ''B'') = ''P''(''A'' - ''B'')+''P''(''B'') = ''P''(''A'')+''P''(''B'')-''P''(''A'' ∩ ''B'')
ãšãªã. ãã®åŒã¯å æ³å®çãšãåŒã°ãã.
:ç¹ã«''A''ãš''B''ãèåäºè±¡ã§ãããšãã«''P''(''A''∩''B'')=''P''(φ)=0 ãªã®ã§, ããã¯æéå æ³æ§ ''P''<sub>4</sub> ã®åŒã«ãªã.
==æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç==
===å®çŸ©===
''P''(''A'')>0 ã®ãšã
:<math>P(B|A)=\frac{P(A\cap B)}{P(A)}</math>
ã'''æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確ç'''ãšãã.
''P''(''B''|''A'')ã¯, å
šäºè±¡ãΩ ãã''A''ã«åãæ¿ãããšãã®äºè±¡''B''ã®èµ·ãã確çãšèããããšãã§ãã. å³ã¡, ''P''(''B''|''A'')ã¯äºè±¡''A''ãå¿
ãèµ·ãããšããæ¡ä»¶ã®å
ã§ã®äºè±¡''B''ã®èµ·ãã確çã§ãã.
ãã®ãšã, ''A''ã¯å
šäºè±¡ãšèããã®ã ãã
:<math>P(A|A)=\frac{P(A \cap A)}{P(A)}=\frac{P(A)}{P(A)}=1</math>
ã§ãã. ããã¯, 確çã®å
¬çã® ''P''<sub>2</sub> ã«åœããåŒã«ãªã. ''A''ãåºå®ãããšã ''P''(''x''|''A'')ãšãã颿°ã ''P''<sub>1</sub> ã ''P''<sub>3</sub> ãæºãã, 確çãšãªãããšãåãã.
===乿³å®ç===
å®çŸ©åŒã®åæ¯ãæã£ãçåŒ
:''P''(''A''∩ ''B'') = ''P''(''A'')''P''(''B''|''A'')
ã'''乿³å®ç'''ãšèšã. æ¡ä»¶ä»ã確çã®å®çŸ©ã§ã¯ ''P''(''A'')>0 ãä»®å®ããã, ãã®ããã«èŠãŠã¿ããš ''P''(''A'') ≥ 0 ã«æ¡åŒµããŠãåé¡ãªããšåãã. å®çŸ©ã®é
ã§ã¯, äœæ
ãã®ãããªçްããæ¡ä»¶ãã€ãããããã®ããšèšãã°, å²ãç®ã«ãã㊠0 ã§å²ããšããæäœã¯èªããããŠãªãããã§ãã. åæ°ã®åæ¯ã« 0 ãæ¥ãããšã¯é¿ããªããã°ãªããªã.
===ç¬ç«æ§===
äºè±¡''A''ãš''B''ã
:''P''(''A'' ∩ ''B'')=''P''(''A'')''P''(''B'')
ãæºãããšã''A''ãš''B''ã¯'''ç¬ç«'''ã§ãããšèšã.
0< ''P''(''A'')<1 ã®ãšã
:<math>P(B|A)=\frac{P(A\cap B)}{P(A)}=P(B)</math>
ãšãªã.
ããã§,
:''P''(''A''<sup>c</sup>∩ ''B'') = ''P''(''B'')-''P''(''A''∩ ''B'')
:= ''P''(''B'')-''P''(''A'')''P''(''B'') = (1-''P''(''A'')'')''P''(''B'')
:= ''P''(''A''<sup>c</sup>)''P''(''B'')
ãšãªãã®ã§çµå±
:<math>P(B|A^c)=\frac{P(A^c \cap B)}{P(A^c)}=P(B)</math>
ã€ãŸã, ''B''ã®èµ·ãã確çã¯''A''ãèµ·ãããã©ããã«å¯ããªããšããããšã§ãã.
''P''(''A'') = 1 or 0 ã®æã¯, ''A'' ãå¿
ãèµ·ããã, å¿
ãèµ·ããªãã£ããããã®ã§, ãã®å Žå ''B'' ã®èµ·ãã確çãš ''A'' ã¯é¢ä¿ããªã.
===ãã€ãºã®å®ç===
èŠãç®ãå
šãåãç®±ã 2 ã€ãã. ç®±1 ãš ç®±2ãšãã.
:ç®±1ã«ã¯èµ€çã 9 å, çœçã 1å
:ç®±2ã«ã¯èµ€çã 2 å, çœçã 8å
å
¥ã£ãŠãããšãã. ã©ã¡ãã®ç®±ãåãããªãã, æãå
¥ããŠçãäžã€ã ãåãã ããŠã¿ããšèµ€ãçã ã£ã. ãã®å Žå, éžãã ç®±ãç®±1ã§ãã確çã¯ããã€ã ãããïŒç®±ãéžã¶ç¢ºçã¯ã©ã¡ããçãã(1/2) ã§ãããšãã.
ç®±1ã®æ¹ãèµ€çãåºããããã§ããã®ã§, ç®±1ã®æ¹ãéžãã§ããå¯èœæ§ã¯é«ããã ãã. ããªãã¡, èµ€çãåºããšããäºã決å®ããåŸã§ã¯, ç®±1ãšç®±2ã®ã©ã¡ããéžãã ãïŒãšãã確çã¯çãããªãããã§ãã.
ãã®ãããªç¢ºçãã©ã®ããã«èª¿ã¹ããããã ãããïŒãšããã®ããã®ç¯ã®ç®çã§ãã.
''B''<sub>1</sub>, ''B''<sub>2</sub>, ⊠, ''B''<sub>n</sub> ãäºãã«èåäºè±¡ã§,
''B''<sub>1</sub>∪''B''<sub>2</sub>∪âŠ∪''B''<sub>n</sub> = Ωã§ãããšãã.
:<math>P(B_i|A)=\frac{P(A\cap B_i)}{P(A)}=\frac{P(B_i\cap A)}{P(A)}=\frac{P(B_i)P(A|B_i)}{P(A)} </math>
:<math>P(A)=P(A\cap\Omega) = P(A\cap (\bigcup^{n}_{k=1}B_i)) = \sum^{n}_{i=1} P(A \cap B_i) =\sum^{n}_{i=1} P(B_i)P(A |B_i) </math>
ã®2ã€ã®åŒãã,
:<math>P(B_i|A)= \frac{P(B_i)P(A|B_i)}{\sum^{n}_{i=1} P(B_i)P(A |B_i)}</math>
ãšããã. ããã'''ãã€ãºã®å®ç'''ãšãã.
ãã®åŒã®å³èŸºã®ååã®æå³ã¯, ''B''<sub>i</sub>ãèµ·ããŠ''A''ãèµ·ãã確çã§ãã. ããã''P''(''A'')ã§å²ã£ãŠãã.
ããªãã¡ ''A'' ãçµæãšããŠèµ·ãããšãã«, ''B''<sub>i</sub> ãèµ·ããŠãã確çãšããæå³ã§ãã.
''P''(''B''<sub>i</sub>)ã'''äºå確ç''', ''P''(''B''<sub>i</sub>|A)ã'''äºåŸç¢ºç'''ãšãã.
æåã®åé¡ã«æ»ããš, ç®±i ãéžã¶ãšããäºè±¡ã ''B''<sub>i</sub>, èµ€çãåºããšããäºè±¡ã A ãšãã.
:<math>P(A)= \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{9}{10}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2}{10}= \frac{11}{20}</math>
:<math>P(B_1|A)= \frac{(1/2)\cdot (9/10)}{(11/20)}= \frac{9}{11}=0.8181\cdots</math>
ãšãªã, ç®±1ãéžãã§ãã確çã¯, ã»ãŒ 0.82 ããããšèšããã®ã§ãã.
ããäžã€ããã€ãºã®å®çãç¥ããªããšæ£ãã倿ãåºæ¥ãªãäŸãæããŠãããã
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æ°ã«ããã£ãŠãããã©ãããå€å¥ããããã®ããæ€æ»ã¯ã99ããŒã»ã³ãã®ç²ŸåºŠãæã£ãŠããããããããªãããã®æ€æ»ã§ç
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== èèš» ==
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== å€éšãªã³ã¯ ==
{{Wikipedia}}
{{wikiversity|Topic:HTML|HTML}}
{{stub}}
[[Category:HTML|*]]
[[Category:ããŒã¯ã¢ããèšèª]]
{{NDC|007.64}} | 2005-03-09T08:48:19Z | 2023-09-30T09:33:22Z | [
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[[it:Libro di cucina/Ricette/Spaghetti alla carbonara]] | null | 2020-07-29T11:42:30Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Wikipedia"
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"title": "DNA"
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空æ°ã¯æãããããšäžæããŠãå·ãããšäžéããã空æ°ã®å¡(空æ°å¡)ãäžæãããšãäžç©ºã¯æ°å§ãäœãã®ã§ç©ºæ°å¡ã¯èšåŒµããŠå·ããããã®æž©åºŠãäžããå²åã¯ã -1°C/100mã§ããããä¹Ÿç¥æç±æžçãšãããäžæããŠã枩床ãäžãããšããããŠé²ç¹ã«éããæ°Žæ»Žãã§ãã¯ãããé²ãã§ããããã®ãšãç±ãæŸåºãããã®ã§ãå²åã¯ã-0.5°C/100mãšãªãããããæ¹¿æœ€æç±æžçãšããããã®ããã«é²ã¯äžææ°æµã®ãããšããã«çºçããããã¯äœæ°å§ãšãªããéã«ç©ºæ°å¡ãäžéãããšé²ã¯æ¶ããŠããŸãããã®å Žæã¯æŽå€©ã§ããããšãå€ããããã¯é«æ°å§ãšãªãã
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å倪平æŽé«æ°å§ãæ¥æ¬å
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容ããŸãšãããã®ã§ããã",
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"text": "å°çã®è¡šé¢ã¯ã倧æ°åãæ°Žåã岩ç³åã®3ã€ã«åããããšãã§ããã ãã®ãã¡ã倧æ°åãšæ°Žåãé€ãããã®ããåºäœå°çãšèšãã",
"title": "å°è¡šã®æ§å"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãå°åœ¢ã®å€åã«ã¯ãå°çå
éšã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãã倪éœãšãã«ã®ãŒãæ·±ãé¢ãã£ãŠããããšããããã",
"title": "å°è¡šã®æ§å"
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"text": "å°çã®é«ã500mæ¯ã®é¢ç©ã枬ã£ãŠã¿ããšãæšé«0mãã500mã®é¢ç©ãš-4500mãã-5000mãããã®é¢ç©ãç®ç«ã£ãŠå€§ããããããã®é«ãå°åã倧éžå°åãäœããšããããæµ·æŽå°åã§ãããå¢çã¯ã海岞ç·ã§ã¯ãªããæ°Žæ·±1000mã®ãšããã§ããã",
"title": "倧éžãšæµ·æŽã®å§¿"
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"text": "å°çã®å
éšã¯ãå°æ®»ããã³ãã«ãæ žã®äžã€ã«åããããã",
"title": "ãã¬ãŒãã®åã"
},
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"text": "å°äž70kmããå
ã«ãå°éæ³¢ã®éããé
ããªãå Žæããããããããäœé床局ãšããã äœé床局ã¯ãå°äž250kmãŸã§ç¶ããŠãããäœé床局ãšãæ·±ã600kmããããŸã§ã®ãã³ãã«äžéšã®æãããå±€ãåãããŠã¢ã»ãã¹ãã§ã¢ãšãããäœé床局ã®äžã®ãããå±€ããªãœã¹ãã§ã¢ãšããããã¬ãŒãã«ããããšãããŠãããå°ç衚é¢ã¯ããã€ãã®ãã¬ãŒãã«ããããŠããããã¬ãŒãã¯åžžã«åããŠããããããã®å¢çã§ã¯ãã¬ãŒãåå£«ãæŒãåã£ãããé¢ããŠæ¡å€§ããããããéã£ããããŠããã",
"title": "ãã¬ãŒãã®åã"
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"text": "ãã¬ãŒããæŒãåã£ãŠããå¢çã§ã¯ããã¬ãŒããæ²ã¿èŸŒãã§æµ·æºãã§ãããã倧éžãè¡çªããŠå±±èãã§ãããããããã®èãæ¹ããã¬ãŒããã¯ããã¯ã¹ãšããã",
"title": "ãã¬ãŒãã®åã"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "æµ·æŽãã¬ãŒããæ²ã¿èŸŒããšããã§ã¯ãæµ·æºãã§ããç«å±±æŽ»åãçãã§ã島匧ãçºéããããã®ä»è¿ã§ã¯ãå°éããå°æ®»ã®å€åãçãã§ããããã®ãããªãšããã島匧-æµ·æºç³»ãšãããæ¥æ¬åå³¶ããã®1ã€ã§ããã 島匧-æµ·æºç³»ã®ç«å±±ã¯ãæµ·æºãã100~300km以äžé¢ããŠãããç«å±±ååžã®æµ·æºåŽã®éçç·ãç«å±±åç·ãšãããæµ·æºãšã»ãŒå¹³è¡ããŠããããã¬ãŒãã®æ²ã¿èŸŒã¿ã«ãã匷ãå§åã®ãããéèµ·ããå°åºã§ãã°ããã§ããŠã倧山èãã§ãããåã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¢ã³ãã¹å±±èã¯ããã®ããã«åœ¢æããããã€ã³ã倧éžãããã¬ãŒãã®åãã«ãã£ãŠããŠãŒã©ã·ã¢å€§éžãšè¡çªãããã©ã€å±±èãã§ãããããã©ã€å±±èã§ã¯ãæ°åã¡ãŒãã«ã®é«å°ããã¢ã³ã¢ãã€ããªã©ã®åç³ãçºèŠããããã€ã³ãã¯ãçŸåšããŠãŒã©ã·ã¢å€§éžãæŒãç¶ããããã©ã€å±±èã¯éèµ·ãç¶ããŠããã",
"title": "ãã¬ãŒãã®åã"
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{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽ46å幎åãå®å®ç©ºéã®äžã«ãããæéã¬ã¹ã®æ¿ããããŸãããåçž®ããåå§å€ªéœã圢æããããåå§å€ªéœã®åšãã«ã¯ãæéç©è³ªããåå§å€ªéœãšãšãã«å転ããŠãããããããåå§å€ªéœç³»æé²ã§ããããã®äžã®åäœåŸ®ç²åã埮ææãšãã°ãã1~10kmã圢æããã埮ææããè¡çªããåäœãç¹°ãè¿ãã倧ãããªã£ãŠãåå§ææãèªçãããåå§å°çããã®ããã«èªçããã埮ææãè¡çªããå°çã§ã¯ã枩床ãäžæããæ°Žèžæ°ãäºé
žåççŽ ãçªçŽ ãäž»æåãšãããåå§å€§æ°ãèªçããã倧æ°ãçºçããå°çã®è¡šé¢ã¯ããŸããŸã髿ž©ã«ãªãã1500~4700°Cã«ãéããããã岩ç³ã溶ãããã°ããªãŒã·ã£ã³ã圢æãããããã°ããªãŒã·ã£ã³å
ã§ã¯ãéãç©è³ªãšè»œãç©è³ªãåãããããã±ã«ãéã§ã§ãããã³ãã«ãšå²©ç³è³ªã®ãã³ãã«ãã§ãããå°çã«è¡çªãã埮ææã®æ°ãæžã£ãŠã衚é¢ãå·åŽããŠãå°æ®»ãã§ããããŸããæ°Žèžæ°ãå·ããŠãéšã«ãªããåå§æµ·æŽã圢æãããå°è¡šã®æž©åºŠã100~200°CçšåºŠã«å·ãããããäºé
žåççŽ ã¯ãåå§æµ·æŽäžã«æº¶ã蟌ãã ã",
"title": "å°çã®åœ¢æ"
},
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "çåœã®èªçã«ã€ããŠã¯ããã£ãŠããªãéšåãå€ããããã©ãŒã®å®éšãããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãªã©ããçåœãèªçãããšèããããã",
"title": "å°çã®åœ¢æ"
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{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ææã¯ãåºäœè¡šé¢ãæã€å°çåææãšãã¬ã¹ç¶ã®è¡šé¢ãæã€æšæåææã«åããããããããã¯ãææãèªçãããšãã®åå§å€ªéœããã®è·é¢ãé¢ä¿ããŠãããšèããããã",
"title": "ææã®ç¹åŸŽ"
},
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ååŸ2400kmã®å°ããªææã§ãæŒéã¯300~400°Cãå€ã¯ãæ°·ç¹äž170°Cã§ãããæ°Žã倧æ°ã¯ãªããæµžé£äœçšããªãã®ã§ãã¯ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒãªã©ãèªçåœæã®å§¿ããã®ãŸãŸæ®ã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ææã®ç¹åŸŽ"
},
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ååŸ6000kmã§ãå°çãšã»ãŒåã倧ããã§ããã倧æ°ã®96%ãäºé
žåççŽ ãå ããŠããŠãæ°å§ã¯90æ°å§ã§ãããäºé
žåççŽ ã®æž©å®€å¹æã«ãããè¡šé¢æž©åºŠã¯æ°Žæããé«ã460°Cã«ããªã£ãŠããããã®ãããªç°å¢ã§ã¯ãæ¶²äœã®æ°Žã¯ååšã§ãããæ°äœã®æ°Žã玫å€ç·ã«ãã£ãŠæ°ŽçŽ ãšé
žçŽ ã«åè§£ãããå®å®ç©ºéã«éããŠãã£ãŠããŸããç«å±±æŽ»åã«ããå°åœ¢ã¯èŠãããããå°çã®ãããªãã¬ãŒã掻åã¯ååšããªããšèããããŠããã",
"title": "ææã®ç¹åŸŽ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååŸ3400kmã§ãå°çã®çŽååã§ãããéåãå°ãããããæ°å§ã¯0.006æ°å§çšåºŠã§ããã倧æ°ã®ã»ãšãã©ãäºé
žåççŽ ã§ããããå
ããªãããæž©å®€å¹æãå°ããããŸãã倪éœããé ããããå¹³åæ°æž©ã¯-58°Cã§ãããèªè»¢è»žã®åŸããèªè»¢åšæãå°çãšã»ãŒåããªã®ã§ãå£ç¯å€åãã¿ããããç«æã«ã¯ãäºé
žåççŽ ãåã£ã極å ãšããããå Žæããããæ¥µå ã¯å£ç¯ã«ãã£ãŠå€§ãããç°ãªãã ãŸããç«æã®å°åœ¢ã«ã¯ã浞é£ã®è·¡ãã¿ãããéå»ã«ã¯æ¶²äœã®æ°Žãååšãããšèããããã",
"title": "ææã®ç¹åŸŽ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倪éœç³»æå€§ã®ææã§ãããååŸãå°çã®11å以äžã§ã倧æ°ã®90%ãæ°ŽçŽ ã10%ãããªãŠã ã§ãããããã¯ã倪éœã®ååŠçµæã«è¿ããæšæã®ãããªæšæåææã¯å²©ç³ãæ°·ã®åšãã«ããªãŠã ãäž»æåãšããã¬ã¹ãåãå²ãã§ããã®ãç¹åŸŽã§ãããæšæã«ã¯çžæš¡æ§ãèŠãããæãããšãããäžææ°æµãæããšãããäžéæ°æµã§ãããæšæã«ã¯å€§èµ€æãšãã倧ããªæžŠãããã160幎è¿ãååšãç¶ããŠããã",
"title": "ææã®ç¹åŸŽ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倪éœç³»ã§æãå¯åºŠã®å°ããææãååŸãå°çã®9åã»ã©ãã倧ããªææã ããæ°ŽçŽ ã96%ãå ãããããããåæãæ°Žã«æµ®ãã¹ããæµ®ããŠããŸãã»ã©ã§ãããåæã«ãæšæã®ãããªçžæš¡æ§ãèŠãããããŸããæ°·ã岩ç³ã§ã§ãããªã³ã°ãããããã®ãããªãªã³ã°ã¯ãæšæåææã§ã¯ã©ã®ææã§ã芳枬ãããŠããããåæã®ããã¯ç¹ã«é¡èã§ãããåæã®è¡æã®ã²ãšã€ã«ã¿ã€ã¿ã³ãšããè¡æããããæ¿ã倧æ°ãæã£ãŠããããã®è¡šé¢ã«ã¯ã¡ã¿ã³ã®æµ·ãåºãã£ãŠãããšæšæž¬ãããŠããã",
"title": "ææã®ç¹åŸŽ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååŸãå°çã®4åçšåºŠã§ã倧æ°ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ãããå°ãªããã¡ã¿ã³ãããªãŠã ãå€ãããã®ããããéã£ãœãèŠããã倪éœç³»ã®æãå€åŽã®å¥çæã¯ãå°çåææã«ãæšæåææã«ãå±ããŠããªãææã§ãã£ãããä»ã§ã¯æºææãšããŠæ±ãããã倪éœç³»ã§å¯äžæææ¢æ»æ©ãè¿ã¥ããŠããªãã®ã§ã詳ããããŒã¿ã¯ããããªãããã¡ã¿ã³ã®åã£ã衚é¢ãæã£ãŠããããšãããã£ãŠããããŸããè»éãå€åçã§ãããæµ·çæã®å
åŽã«ããããšããããªã©ãä»ã®ææãšã¯ãç°ãªã£ãç¹åŸŽãæã£ãŠãããå¥çæã®å€åŽã«ã¯ææãæ§æã§ããªãã£ã埮ææã沢山ååšããŠãããšèããããŠããã",
"title": "ææã®ç¹åŸŽ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŸåšãŸã§ãå°çãçåœã®ååšã確èªã§ããŠããå¯äžã®ææã§ããã倪éœç³»ã®äžã§ã¯ãéæãšç«æã䌌ããããªç¹åŸŽãæã£ãŠããããéæã¯æž©å®€å¹æã§æ°Žãèžçºãã倱ãããŠããŸã£ããéã«ç«æã¯æž©å®€å¹æãå°ãªã倪éœããé ãããæ°Žãæ°·ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸã£ããäžæ¹ã倪éœããé©åºŠãªè·é¢ã«ããå°çã¯æ°Žãæ¶²äœãšããŠååšããäºé
žåççŽ ãæ¶²äžã«æº¶ã蟌ã¿ãé©åºŠã«æž©æãªç°å¢ãç¶æã§ããã®ã ã",
"title": "ææã®ç¹åŸŽ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°çã®åšãã®å€§æ°ã®å±€ã倧æ°åãšãããäžã«è¡ãã«é£ããŠèããªããå®å®ç©ºéãŸã§ã€ãªãã£ãŠãããåäœé¢ç©ã«ä¿ã倧æ°ã®éããæ°å§ãšããã1æ°å§ã¯1013hPaã§ãæ°Žéæ±760mmã®å§åã«åœããã倧æ°ã¯ã700kmã»ã©äžç©ºãŸã§åºãã£ãŠãããããããäžã¯ã ãã ãåžèã«ãªããå®å®ç©ºéãšãªãã倧æ°ã®å¯åºŠã¯å°è¡šä»è¿ã§æãé«ããé«ãå±±ãªã©ã§ã¯äœããªãããŸãã倧æ°åã¯æž©åºŠå€åã®æ§åã«ãã£ãŠãããã€ãã«åããããã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
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"tag": "p",
"text": "çªçŽ ã78%ãå ããé
žçŽ ã21%ã§ãããæ®ãã¯ã¢ã«ãŽã³ã0.9%ã0.03%ãäºé
žåççŽ ã0.002%ãããªã³ã0.0005%ãããªãŠã ãå ããããŸããæ°Žèžæ°ã¯å Žæã«ãã£ãŠå€åãã空æ°äžã®3ããŒã»ã³ããå ããããšãããã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "倪éœãšã¯ãååŸ696000kmã®ææã§ãããäžå¿ã¯éåžžã«é«å§ã§ãæ°ŽçŽ ååæ žãããªãŠã ååæ žã«å€åããæ žèååå¿ãèµ·ãããŠãããè¡šé¢æž©åºŠã¯6000KçšåºŠã§ããã倪éœããåºãŠããæŸå°ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯ãå¯èŠå
ç·(æ³¢é·0.4ã0.7ãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ã®é»ç£æ³¢)ãäžå¿ã§ã玫å€ç·ãèµ€å€ç·ããããªãã«ããããããã ãXç·ããã€ã¯ãæ³¢ãªã©ãæ··ãã£ãŠãããå°çãåããå€ªéœæŸå°ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãæ¥å°ãšããã倧æ°åäžé¢ã§å€ªéœã«çŽè§ãª1å¹³æ¹ã¡ãŒãã«ã®é¢ãåäœæéã«åããæ¥å°é(çŽéæ¥å°éãšãã)ã倪éœå®æ°ãšããããã®å€ã¯ã1.4kW/1å¹³æ¹ã¡ãŒãã«ã§ããããã®ååã¯ã倧æ°äžã§åžåããããåå°ããããããå°çå
šäœãåããæ¥å°éãEãšãããšãEã¯ã倪éœå®æ°Ãå°çã®æé¢ç©(4Ïr^2)ã§ãã(å°çã®ååŸãrãååšçãÏãšãã)ãå
·äœçã«ã¯ãE=1.77Ã10^14kWã§ããã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ç±ã倧æ°åå€ã«éããªãç¶æ
ãæž©å®€å¹æãšãããè¿å¹Žã¯æž©å®€å¹æã«ããå¹³åæ°æž©ãäžããã€ã€ããã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "å€ªéœæŸå°ã®ãã¡ãå°è¡šã«å°éããã®ã¯çŽ50%ã§ãããå°è¡šã§åžåããããšãã«ã®ãŒã®å
ãèµ€å€æŸå°ã«ãã£ãŠçŽæ¥å€§æ°åã«æ»ãããã®ã¯ããäžéšã«éããªãã倧éšåã¯æž©å®€å¹æã§å€§æ°äžã«æ»ãããããçµå±å€§æ°åå€ã«æŸå°ãããããããã£ãŠãå°çå
šäœãšãããåŸããšãã«ã®ãŒãšæŸåºããããšãã«ã®ãŒã¯é£ãåã£ãŠãããããããå±å°çã«èŠããèµ€éä»è¿ã¯æ¥å°éã¯å€ããæ¥µä»è¿ã¯ãå°ãªãã¯ãã ããèµ€éä»è¿ã¯éåžžã«æããæ¥µä»è¿ã§ã¯ãå¯ããªããªããã°ãªããªãã(å°è¡šã®1å¹³æ¹ã¡ãŒãã«ãåããæ¥å°éãIãšããçŽéæ¥å°éãIoãšãããšãã®é¢ä¿ã¯ãI=IoÃsinΞãšãªãã)ãããããã®ããã«ã¯ãªã£ãŠããªããããã¯ãç±ã®èŒžéãèµ·ãã£ãŠããããã ããã ã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é«ç·¯åºŠãšäœç·¯åºŠã§ã¯ãæ¥å°éãšå°çæŸå°éãé転ããã®ã§ãç±ã®èŒžéãèµ·ãããèµ€éä»è¿ã𿥵ã§ã®å¯Ÿæµãèµ·ãããšèããããããå®éã¯è»¢åå(ã³ãªãªãªã®åãšããã)ãåããŠããããã倧ããåããŠ3ã€ã®åŸªç°ãã§ããã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ãªãªãªã®åãšã¯ãäžåŠã§ç¿ã£ã転ååãšåçã¯åãã§ãå°çãèªè»¢ããŠããããã«ãå°çã®èªè»¢ãšäžç·ã«å°è¡šã«ãã芳枬è
ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ãååçã®å ŽåãéåããŠããç©äœãé²è¡æ¹åã«å¯ŸããŠå³åãã«æ²ããæ§ã«èŠããã(ãç©çãç§ç®ã§ãããšããã®)èŠããã®å ã®çŸè±¡ã®äžçš®ã§ããã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããå³å³ã§ã¯åç€ã«ãã£ãŠã³ãªãªãªã®åã®åçã説æããããå®éã®å°çã¯åç€ã§ã¯ãªããŠç圢ã«è¿ãç«äœç©ãªã®ã§ã忥µã»å極ã«è¿ãé«ç·¯åºŠå°æ¹ã»ã©ã³ãªãªãªã®åã匷ããèµ€éã§ã¯ã³ãªãªãªã®åã¯0(ãŒã)ã«ãªãã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããã³ãªãªãªã®åã®åãã¯ãååçã®å Žåã«ãé²è¡æ¹åã«å¯ŸããŠå³åãã§ãããååçã§ã¯ãã³ãªãªãªã®åã¯ãé²è¡æ¹åã«å¯ŸããŠå·Šåãã«ãªãã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããªããã³ãªãªãªã®åã®å€§ããã¯ãé床ã«ãæ¯äŸããããŸãããã®ãããäžç©ºã§ã¯äžè¬çã«é¢šéã倧ãããªãã®ã§ãäžç©ºã®é¢šã«ã€ããŠã¯ã³ãªãªãªã®åãç¡èŠã§ããªãã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžç©ºã®é¢šãåŒãèµ·ããåã¯ãæ°å§ã®å·®ã«ããå(ãæ°å§åŸåºŠåããšãã)ãšãã³ãªãªãªã®åãšã®ã2ã€ã®åã§ãããäžç©ºã§ã¯ãå°é¢ã®æ©æŠã®åœ±é¿ãç¡ããããäžç©ºã®é¢šã«ã¯æ©æŠåã¯æãããªãã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éèŠãªäºãšããŠããã®2ã€ã®å(æ°å§åŸåºŠåãšã³ãªãªãªå)ã®åããšã颚éã®åããšã¯ãã»ãŒéã£ãŠãããåºæ¬çã«ãæ°å§åŸåºŠåãšã³ãªãªãªåã®åã®å€§ããã¯é£ãåã£ãŠããã颚éã¯ããã2ã€ã®åã®åãã«åçŽã§ããã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªé¢šãå°è¡¡é¢š(ã¡ãããµã)ãšããã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãœããå°äžä»è¿ã§ã¯ãæ©æŠåã®åœ±é¿ã«ãããå°äžé¢šãšããã«æããåãšã¯å³å³ã®ãããªé¢ä¿ã«ãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°äžã®é¢šã¯ãå£ç¯ã«ãã£ãŠå€åããããšãå€ããå¬ã¯å€§éžãå€ã¯æµ·æŽã«é«æ°å§ãçºéãããååçã¯éžå°ãå€ããå£ç¯å€åãã¯ã£ããããŠãããéžãšæµ·ã®ãã©ã³ã¹ã«ãã£ãŠå£ç¯é¢šã®å€§ãããéãã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠãæµ·æŽããéžå°ã«å£ç¯é¢šãå¹ãã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1æ¥åšæã§å¹ã颚ã§ãããæŒã¯ãéžå°ã髿ž©ã§ãæµ·ãäœæž©ã®ãããæµ·é¢šãå¹ããå€ã¯ãéžå°ãäœæž©ã§æµ·ã髿ž©ã«ãªããããéžé¢šããµããæµ·é¢šãšéžé¢šãå€ãããšããäžæçã«é¢šãæ¢ãŸãããšãããããããæåªãå€åªãšããã",
"title": "倧æ°ãšç±åæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç§ãã¡ã®æ¥åžžçæŽ»ã«æ·±ãé¢ãã£ãŠããæ°è±¡ã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ããã",
"title": "æ°è±¡å€åãšãã®èŠå "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "空æ°ã¯æãããããšäžæããŠãå·ãããšäžéããã空æ°ã®å¡(空æ°å¡)ãäžæãããšãäžç©ºã¯æ°å§ãäœãã®ã§ç©ºæ°å¡ã¯èšåŒµããŠå·ããããã®æž©åºŠãäžããå²åã¯ã -1°C/100mã§ããããä¹Ÿç¥æç±æžçãšãããäžæããŠã枩床ãäžãããšããããŠé²ç¹ã«éããæ°Žæ»Žãã§ãã¯ãããé²ãã§ããããã®ãšãç±ãæŸåºãããã®ã§ãå²åã¯ã-0.5°C/100mãšãªãããããæ¹¿æœ€æç±æžçãšããããã®ããã«é²ã¯äžææ°æµã®ãããšããã«çºçããããã¯äœæ°å§ãšãªããéã«ç©ºæ°å¡ãäžéãããšé²ã¯æ¶ããŠããŸãããã®å Žæã¯æŽå€©ã§ããããšãå€ããããã¯é«æ°å§ãšãªãã",
"title": "æ°è±¡å€åãšãã®èŠå "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "空æ°ãäžæããå Žåã¯ã",
"title": "æ°è±¡å€åãšãã®èŠå "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é²ç²ãæé·ãã1mmååŸã®éšç²ãéªã®çµæ¶ãšãªããæ°·æ¶ãå«ãé²ãå·ããéšãå«ãŸãªãé²ãæããéšãšããã",
"title": "æ°è±¡å€åãšãã®èŠå "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥æ¬ã«ã¯äžå¹ŽãéããŠãå€åã«å¯ãã§ããã",
"title": "æ¥æ¬ã®å€©æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¬ãã·ããªã¢é«æ°å§ããåå³¶æ¹é¢ã«çºéããŠããæž©åž¯äœæ°å§ã«å¯æ°ãå¹ã蟌ããããããå西å£ç¯é¢šã§ããããã®ãšãã®ç¶æ
ãè¥¿é«æ±äœãšããã也ç¥ãã空æ°ã¯ãæ¥æ¬æµ·ã§æ¹¿æ°ãå«ã¿ãæ¥æ¬æµ·åŽã«éªãéãããããããŠã倪平æŽåŽã§ä¹Ÿç¥ããã",
"title": "æ¥æ¬ã®å€©æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2æããã«ãªããšæµ·æŽãšå€§éžã®æž©åºŠå·®ãå°ãããªããå£ç¯é¢šã匱ãŸãããããŠã3æäžæ¬é äœæ°å§ãšé«æ°å§(ç§»åæ§é«æ°å§)ã亀äºã«ééãããäœæ°å§ãæ¥æ¬æµ·åŽãééããå颚ãå¹ãããã«ãªããç¹ã«æ¥å
ã«å¹ã匷ãåé¢šãæ¥äžçªãšããã",
"title": "æ¥æ¬ã®å€©æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¢
éšã¯ãæ±ã¢ãžã¢ã«ç¹åŸŽçãªçŸè±¡ã§ãããæ¢
éšåç·ãšããåæ»åç·ã®äžçš®ãééããããªããŒãã¯æµ·æ°å£ãåªå¢ãšãªãã",
"title": "æ¥æ¬ã®å€©æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å倪平æŽé«æ°å§ãæ¥æ¬å
šäœãèŠãã倩æ°ã¯å¿«æŽãå€ãããã®ãšã匱ãå颚ãå¹ããåé«åäœåã®æ°å§é
眮ãšãªãã",
"title": "æ¥æ¬ã®å€©æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€ããç§ã«ãããŠçºçããç±åž¯äœæ°å§ã§ã颚éã17.2mæ¯ç§ä»¥äžã®ç©ã§ããã å°é¢šã®æžŠå·»ãã¯ååçã§ã¯å·Šå·»ããååçã§ã¯å³å·»ãã§ããããã®ããé²è¡æ¹åã®å³åŽã§ã¯é¢šéã«å ããŠé²è¡é床ãå ããã®ã§é¢šéã¯å€§ãããªãã",
"title": "æ¥æ¬ã®å€©æ°"
}
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[[Category:å°çç§åŠ|é«ããããããã²ã]] | null | 2019-07-18T22:53:26Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:-",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Pathnav"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E7%B7%8F%E5%90%88B_%E5%9C%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E9%87%8E |
1,767 | ãã€ãèª åçŽç¬¬16課 | <第15課 | 第17課>
Vielen Dank fÃŒr deine BemÃŒhungen im Voraus!
Wir werden morgen ins Kino gehen.
Seine Tochter wird in Wien Kunstgeschichte studieren.
Ich werde in das Stadtzentrum umziehen.
Mehrere Leute werden in das Ausland reisen.
Woerter åèª:
Bemerkungen: Jede Zeile hat einziges Wort und seine Uebersetzung(en).
æªæ¥ã®åºæ¥äºã衚ãã«ã¯ãæªæ¥æå¶ãçšããã æªæ¥åœ¢ã¯ã話æ³ã®å©åè© werden ã®çŸåšåœ¢ãšæ¬åè©ã®äžå®åœ¢ã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æããã
æªæ¥ã®æç¹ã衚ãèšèã䌎ã£ãçŸåšåœ¢ã®æã«ãã£ãŠãå°æ¥ã®ããšã衚çŸããããšãå€ãã
話æ³ã®å©åè©ãçšããæã®æªæ¥åœ¢ã¯ã次ã®åœ¢ããšãã
æéã«ãããã衚çŸã以äžã«ç€ºã
frÃŒh æ©ããæ©ãã« spÀt é
ããé
ãã« gleich ã¡ããã© ebenfalls ãã€ã immer ãã€ã irgendwann ãã€ã jetzt ããŸãçŸåš nun ã㟠schon ãã noch ãŸã
Er stand immer frÃŒh auf.
Die Kinder dÃŒrfen nicht so spÀt drauÃen sein.
Diese Idee kam mir gleich.
Sie macht noch die Hausaufgabe.
Irgendwann können wir uns wiedersehen.
Ich rufe jetzt den Chef an.
Nun habe ich keinen Spaà mit seiner Rede.
Wir haben dieses Buch schon zweimal gelesen.
Unsere Nachbarn machen ab heute Urlaub. Sie werden nach Spanien fahren.
<第15課 | 第17課> | [
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"tag": "p",
"text": "<第15課 | 第17課>",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Vielen Dank fÃŒr deine BemÃŒhungen im Voraus!",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Wir werden morgen ins Kino gehen.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Seine Tochter wird in Wien Kunstgeschichte studieren.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Ich werde in das Stadtzentrum umziehen.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Mehrere Leute werden in das Ausland reisen.",
"title": ""
},
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"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Woerter åèª:",
"title": ""
},
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"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Bemerkungen: Jede Zeile hat einziges Wort und seine Uebersetzung(en).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æªæ¥ã®åºæ¥äºã衚ãã«ã¯ãæªæ¥æå¶ãçšããã æªæ¥åœ¢ã¯ã話æ³ã®å©åè© werden ã®çŸåšåœ¢ãšæ¬åè©ã®äžå®åœ¢ã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æããã",
"title": "åè©ïŒæªæ¥æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æªæ¥ã®æç¹ã衚ãèšèã䌎ã£ãçŸåšåœ¢ã®æã«ãã£ãŠãå°æ¥ã®ããšã衚çŸããããšãå€ãã",
"title": "åè©ïŒæªæ¥æå¶"
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"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "話æ³ã®å©åè©ãçšããæã®æªæ¥åœ¢ã¯ã次ã®åœ¢ããšãã",
"title": "åè©ïŒæªæ¥æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åè©ïŒæªæ¥æå¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æéã«ãããã衚çŸã以äžã«ç€ºã",
"title": "衚çŸïŒæéã«ãããã衚çŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "frÃŒh æ©ããæ©ãã« spÀt é
ããé
ãã« gleich ã¡ããã© ebenfalls ãã€ã immer ãã€ã irgendwann ãã€ã jetzt ããŸãçŸåš nun ã㟠schon ãã noch ãŸã ",
"title": "衚çŸïŒæéã«ãããã衚çŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Er stand immer frÃŒh auf.",
"title": "衚çŸïŒæéã«ãããã衚çŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Die Kinder dÃŒrfen nicht so spÀt drauÃen sein.",
"title": "衚çŸïŒæéã«ãããã衚çŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Diese Idee kam mir gleich.",
"title": "衚çŸïŒæéã«ãããã衚çŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Sie macht noch die Hausaufgabe.",
"title": "衚çŸïŒæéã«ãããã衚çŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Irgendwann können wir uns wiedersehen.",
"title": "衚çŸïŒæéã«ãããã衚çŸ"
},
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"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Ich rufe jetzt den Chef an.",
"title": "衚çŸïŒæéã«ãããã衚çŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Nun habe ich keinen Spaà mit seiner Rede.",
"title": "衚çŸïŒæéã«ãããã衚çŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Wir haben dieses Buch schon zweimal gelesen.",
"title": "衚çŸïŒæéã«ãããã衚çŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Unsere Nachbarn machen ab heute Urlaub. Sie werden nach Spanien fahren.",
"title": "衚çŸïŒæéã«ãããã衚çŸ"
},
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"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "<第15課 | 第17課>",
"title": "衚çŸïŒæéã«ãããã衚çŸ"
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] | ïŒç¬¬15課 | 第17èª²ïŒ Vielen Dank fÃŒr deine BemÃŒhungen im Voraus! Wir werden morgen ins Kino gehen. Seine Tochter wird in Wien Kunstgeschichte studieren. Ich werde in das Stadtzentrum umziehen. Mehrere Leute werden in das Ausland reisen. Woerterãåèª: Bemerkungen:ãJede Zeile hat einziges Wort und seine Uebersetzung(en). | [[ãã€ãèª/åçŽ/第15課|ïŒç¬¬15課]] | [[ãã€ãèª/åçŽ/第17課|第17課ïŒ]]
'''Vielen Dank fÃŒr deine BemÃŒhungen im Voraus!'''
Wir werden morgen ins Kino gehen.<!-- Lietionssubtitel -->
Seine Tochter wird in Wien Kunstgeschichte studieren.
Ich werde in das Zentrum umziehen.
Mehrere Leute werden in das Ausland reisen.
Wir werden morgen ins Kino gehen.
:ç§ãã¡ã¯ææ¥æ ç»é€šã«è¡ãã
Seine Tochter wird in Wien Kunstgeschichte studieren.
:圌ã®åšã¯ãŠã£ãŒã³ïŒã®å€§åŠïŒã§çŸè¡å²ãå匷ããã
Ich werde in das Stadtzentrum umziehen.
:ç§ã¯è¡ã®äžå¿ã«åŒè¶ããããã
Mehrere Leute werden in das Ausland reisen.
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:Ich werde ..... machen können.
:Du wirst ..... machen können
:Er/Sie/Es wird ..... machen können
:Wir werden ..... machen können.
:Ihr werdet ..... machen können
:Sie werden ..... machen können
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==衚çŸïŒæéã«ãããã衚çŸ==
æéã«ãããã衚çŸã以äžã«ç€ºã
frÃŒh æ©ããæ©ãã«
spÀtãé
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gleichãã¡ããã©
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immerããã€ã
irgendwannããã€ã
jetztãããŸãçŸåš
nunãããŸ
schonããã
nochããŸã
Er stand immer frÃŒh auf.
:
Die Kinder dÃŒrfen nicht so spÀt drauÃen sein.
:
Diese Idee kam mir gleich.
:
Sie macht noch die Hausaufgabe.
:
Irgendwann können wir uns wiedersehen.
:
Ich rufe jetzt den Chef an.
:
Nun habe ich keinen Spaà mit seiner Rede.
:
Wir haben dieses Buch schon zweimal gelesen.
:
Unsere Nachbarn machen ab heute Urlaub. Sie werden nach Spanien fahren.
:
[[ãã€ãèª/åçŽ/第15課|ïŒç¬¬15課]] | [[ãã€ãèª/åçŽ/第17課|第17課ïŒ]]
[[Category:ãã€ãèª åçŽ|16]] | null | 2015-08-09T02:32:21Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E8%AA%9E_%E5%88%9D%E7%B4%9A%E7%AC%AC16%E8%AA%B2 |
1,768 | ãã€ãèª åçŽç¬¬18課 | <第17課 | 第19課>
Vielen Dank fÃŒr deine BemÃŒhungen im Voraus!
FÌge hier den Satz ein, der dir gefÀllt!
...
Wörter åèª:
neue und grundlegende Wörter in unserem Kursbuch, etwa 20 fÌr jede Lektion.
Welche Idee hast du, welche Wörter man hier angeben muss? Was ist dein Vorschlag? Bitte fÌge ihn ein!
Bemerkungen: Jede Zeile hat ein einziges Wort und seine Ãbersetzung(en).
Grammatik ææ³:
ãã€ãèªã®æã§ã¯äžè¬ã«äž»èªãçç¥ããããšã¯ã§ããªã(ãã®äŸå€ãåœä»€æ³ã§ãã)ããããã£ãŠãç¹ã«åäœäž»ãããªãæãææ³äžã®äž»èªãå¿
èŠãšããããã®ãããªãšããäžæ§åæ°ä»£åè© es ãäž»èªãšããŠäœ¿ãããããã®ãã㪠es ããé人称㮠es ãšããã
é人称㮠es ã¯ã倩åãææ
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ãªã©ã衚çŸãããšãã«äœ¿ãããããã® es ã¯å
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<第17課 | 第19課> | [
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},
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èŠãšããããã®ãããªãšããäžæ§åæ°ä»£åè© es ãäž»èªãšããŠäœ¿ãããããã®ãã㪠es ããé人称㮠es ãšããã",
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ãäºæ
ãªã©ã衚çŸãããšãã«äœ¿ãããããã® es ã¯å
·äœçãªãã®ãæãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã匷ããŠèšãã°ããäœãããããããªããã®ããšã§ãããã¹ããã®ã§ããã",
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] | ïŒç¬¬17課 | 第19èª²ïŒ Vielen Dank fÃŒr deine BemÃŒhungen im Voraus! FÃŒge hier den Satz ein, der dir gefÀllt! Kapiteltitelsatzãç« ã®å¯é¡ ... Wörterãåèª: neue und grundlegende Wörter in unserem Kursbuch, etwa 20 fÃŒr jede Lektion. Welche Idee hast du, welche Wörter man hier angeben muss? Was ist dein Vorschlag? Bitte fÃŒge ihn ein! Bemerkungen:ãJede Zeile hat ein einziges Wort und seine Ãbersetzung(en). Grammatik ææ³: | [[ãã€ãèª/åçŽ/第17課|ïŒç¬¬17課]] | [[ãã€ãèª/åçŽ/第19課|第19課ïŒ]]
'''Vielen Dank fÃŒr deine BemÃŒhungen im Voraus!'''
<pre>
Es regnet.
Es tut mir leid.
Es gibt viele Gelegenheiten fÃŒr junge Leute.
+1
</pre>
'''FÌge hier den Satz ein, der dir gefÀllt!'''
:ïŒæåïŒ
* Kapiteltitelsatzãç« ã®å¯é¡
*
*
*
...
Wörterãåèª:
<pre>
der Regen éš
der Schneeãéª
der Sonnenscheinãæ¥å
die Wolkeãé²
der Regenschauer éãéš
der Hagelãé¹
bewölktãæã
heiterãæŽãã
das Wetterãã倩æ°
regnenãéšãéã
schneienãéªãéã
scheinenãïŒå€ªéœãïŒèŒã
hagelnãé¹ãéã
der Regenschirmãå
der Regenbogenãã«ã
gutes / schlechtes Wetterãããå€©æ° /ãæªã倩æ°
Wind 颚
wehenãå¹ã
blasenãå¹ã
windstillãç¡é¢šã®ã/ 颚ããªã
</pre>
neue und grundlegende Wörter in unserem Kursbuch, etwa 20 fÌr jede Lektion.
Welche Idee hast du, welche Wörter man hier angeben muss? Was ist dein Vorschlag? '''Bitte fÌge ihn ein!'''
Bemerkungen:ãJede Zeile hat ein einziges Wort und seine Ãbersetzung(en).
Grammatik ææ³:
:ErklÀrung mit BeispielsÀtzen. Wir bedanken uns bei dir fÌr deine BeispielsatzvorschlÀge.
==éäººç§°æ§æ==
ãã€ãèªã®æã§ã¯äžè¬ã«äž»èªãçç¥ããããšã¯ã§ããªãïŒãã®äŸå€ãåœä»€æ³ã§ããïŒããããã£ãŠãç¹ã«åäœäž»ãããªãæãææ³äžã®äž»èªãå¿
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ãªã©ã衚çŸãããšãã«äœ¿ãããããã® es ã¯å
·äœçãªãã®ãæãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã匷ããŠèšãã°ããäœãããããããªããã®ããšã§ãããã¹ããã®ã§ããã
:Es schneit. éªãéã£ãŠãããâãããéªãéããã
:Es tut mir leid. ãæ°ã®æ¯ã§ãïŒæ®å¿µã§ããâãããç§ãã€ããããã
:Es gibt Möglichkeiten. å¯èœæ§ããããâãããå¯èœæ§ãäžããã
[[ãã€ãèª/åçŽ/第17課|ïŒç¬¬17課]] | [[ãã€ãèª/åçŽ/第19課|第19課ïŒ]]
[[Category:ãã€ãèª åçŽ|18]] | null | 2015-08-09T02:37:04Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E8%AA%9E_%E5%88%9D%E7%B4%9A%E7%AC%AC18%E8%AA%B2 |
1,772 | é«çåŠæ ¡ååŠ | ååŠãå匷ãããšãã«æäœéç¥ã£ãŠãããªããã°ãªããªãããš | [
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] | null | {{pathnav|é«çåŠæ ¡ã®åŠç¿|é«çåŠæ ¡çç§|frame=1}}
== çŸè¡èª²çš ==
* [[é«çåŠæ ¡ ååŠåºç€]]
* [[é«çåŠæ ¡ ååŠ]]
== æ§èª²çš ==
* [[é«çåŠæ ¡ååŠI]] {{鲿|50%|2015-12-06}}
* [[é«çåŠæ ¡ååŠII]] {{鲿|25%|2015-12-06}}
* [[é«çåŠæ ¡çç§åºç€]] {{鲿|00%|2015-12-06}}
== è³æ ==
ååŠãå匷ãããšãã«æäœéç¥ã£ãŠãããªããã°ãªããªãããš
* [[å
çŽ èšå·]]ïŒåšæè¡šïŒ {{鲿|100%|2015-12-06}}
* [[åååŒ]] {{鲿|75%|2015-12-06}}
* [[ååŠåŒé]] {{鲿|25%|2015-12-06}}
== å匷æ³ãªã© ==
* [[åŠç¿æ¹æ³/髿 ¡ååŠ]]{{鲿|25%|2015-12-06}}
* [[倧åŠåéšååŠ]]ïŒæªå®æïŒ {{鲿|00%|2015-12-06}}
[[ã«ããŽãª:é«çåŠæ ¡ååŠ|*]]
[[Category:çç§æè²|é«ããã]]
[[Category:ååŠ|é«ããã]]
[[category:髿 ¡çç§|ããã]] | 2005-03-21T19:58:42Z | 2023-07-27T16:34:50Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Pathnav",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:鲿"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6 |
1,773 | é«çåŠæ ¡çç©/çç©I/现èã®æ§é ãšã¯ããã | é«çåŠæ ¡çç© > çç©I > 现è
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衚ç®ç³»ã«ã¯ã衚ç®ãæ°åãæ ¹æ¯(root hair)ãªã©ãããã 衚ç®ã¯ãäžå±€ã®è¡šç®çްèãããªãã现èå£ã®è¡šé¢ãã¯ãã¯ã©()ãšåŒã°ããåºãå±€ãèŠã£ãŠãããå
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ç¶ç®¡æç³»ã¯æšéš(xylem)ãšåž«éš(phloem)ãããªãã æšéšã«ã¯å°ç®¡(vessel)ãŸãã¯ä»®å°ç®¡(tracheid)ããããæ ¹ã§åžåãããæ°Žåãé€åã®éãéãšãªã£ãŠããã åž«éšã«ã¯åž«ç®¡(sieve tube)ããããèã§å
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衚ç®ç³»ãšç¶ç®¡æç³»ä»¥å€ã¯ãã¹ãŠåºæ¬çµç¹ç³»ãšåŒã°ããã èã§ã¯çްé·ã现èãå¯éããæµç¶çµç¹(ãããããããããpalisade parenchyma)ãããŸãã¯çްèã©ããã®éé(ãããŸ)ããããŠããŠæ°äœã®éãéãšãªã£ãŠããæµ·ç¶¿ç¶çµç¹(spongy tissue)ãªã©ãã¿ãããã èãæ ¹ã§ã¯äžå¿éšã§é€åã®è²¯èµãè¡ãé«(ãããpith)ããåšèŸºéšã§å
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åç©ã®çµç¹ã¯äžç®çµç¹(epithelium tissue)ãçµåçµç¹(connective tissue)ãççµç¹(muscle tissue)ãç¥çµçµç¹(neural tissue)ãããã
äžç®çµç¹ã¯äœã®å€é¢ãäœè¡šé¢ãæ¶å管ã®å
衚é¢ãªã©ãããã£ãŠããçµç¹ã§ãããå现èã¯çŽ°èæ¥ç(cell adhesion)ã«ããçµåãããäœå
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骚(⻠硬骚(ãããã€))ã¯éªšçµç¹ã§ããã骚çµç¹ã¯ãªã³é
žã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãšã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãªã©ãåºè³ªãšããŠã§ããŠããã骚ã®åºè³ªã骚åºè³ªãšããã垰宀äœå
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ççµç¹ã¯çèã圢äœãç¹ç¶ç¶ã®çµç¹ã§ãããçèã¯äŒžã³ããçž®ãã ããããéªšæ Œãåããéªšæ Œç(skeletal muscle)ãå¿èãåããå¿ç(cardiac muscle)ã¯æšªçŽç(striated muscle)ã§æ§æãããå
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å¹³æ»çã¯ãäžã€ã®ç¹ç¶ãäžã€ã®çްèã§ãããäžã€ã®æ žããã¡ãç¹ç¶ã¯çŽ¡é圢ãããŠãããå¹³æ»çã¯äžéæçã§ããæå¿ã§ã¯åãã¯å€ãããªããå¹³æ»çã®åçž®é床ã¯ããããæç¶æ§ããããç²åŽãã«ãããå¹³æ»çã«ã暪ããŸã¯ãªãã
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暪çŽçã«ã¯ææã®æšªããŸããããããããèŠããã»ããæåž¯ãšãããæãèŠããã»ããæåž¯ãšãããã¢ã¯ãã³ãšããªã·ã³ãšãã2çš®é¡ã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªããã§ããŠãããæåž¯ã®äžå€®ã¯Zèã§ä»åãããŠããã
ç¥çµçµç¹ã¯ãã¥ãŒãã³(neuron)ãšãã现èã§æ§æãããŠããããã¥ãŒãã³ã¯æ žã®ãã现èäœ(cell body)ãšã现èäœãã䌞ã³ãäžæ¬ã®é·ã軞玢(ãããããaxon)ã现èäœããçãæåããããæš¹ç¶çªèµ·(ãã
ããããšã£ããdendrite)ãããªãã軞玢ã«ã¯éãã€ããŠãããç¥çµé(ããããããã)ãšãããç¥çµéã¯æ žãæã£ãŠãããã·ã¥ã¯ã³çްèãšããäžã€ã®çްèã§ããã
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ã·ããã¹ã«ã¯ãå°ããªéé(ãããŸããããã)ããããã·ããã¹éé(ãããã)ãšããã
ã·ããã¹ããæ¬¡ã®ãã¥ãŒãã³ãžãšä¿¡å·ãäŒããæ¹æ³ã¯ãååŠç©è³ªã®åæ³ã«ããããã®ã·ããã¹ã§ã®åæ³ç©ãç¥çµäŒéç©è³ªãšãããè»žçŽ¢ã®æ«ç«¯ããåæ³ããããã«ã¢ãã¬ããªã³ãã¢ã»ãã«ã³ãªã³ãåæ³ããããè»žçŽ¢ã®æ«ç«¯ã«ã·ããã¹å°è(ãããã»ã)ãšããèšããã éšåããããããã«äŒéç©è³ªãå«ãŸããŠãããååãåŽã§ããæ¬¡ã®ãã¥ãŒãã³ã®çްèèã«ã¯ãäŒéç©è³ªãåãåãå容äœãããããã®ããå容äœãšäŒéç©è³ªãåå¿ããŠãä¿¡å·ã次ã®ãã¥ãŒãã³ã«äŒããã
亀æç¥çµã®æ«ç«¯ããã¯ãã«ã¢ãã¬ããªã³ãåæ³ããããå¯äº€æç¥çµã®æ«ç«¯ããã¯ã¢ã»ãã«ã³ãªã³ãåæ³ããããçèãåããç¥çµã§ããéåç¥çµã®æ«ç«¯ããã¯ã¢ã»ãã«ã³ãªã³ãåæ³ãããã
| [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é«çåŠæ ¡çç© > çç©I > 现è",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°çã«ããçç©ã®çš®é¡ã¯ãååã®ä»ããããŠããçš®ã175äžçš®ã»ã©ã§ããã ãã®å
šãŠã®çç©ã¯çްè(ãããŒã)ããæãç«ã£ãŠããã 现èã¯çç©ã®æ©èœäžã»æ§é äžã®åºæ¬åäœã§ããã äŸãã°ããã®äœã¯200çš®é¡ä»¥äž60å
åã®çްèããã§ããŠãããšããããŠããã ãã®çްèã¯æ¶å管ãªãé£ã¹ç©ã®æ¶ååžåããã现èãããã 骚ãªã骚ãäœãåºã现èãããã",
"title": "å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããŒãžã§ã¯ã 现èã®åºæ¬çãªæ©èœãšæ§é ã 现èãäœçްèåè£(somatic mitosis)ã«ãã£ãŠååããŠããããšã 现èãåäœãäœã£ãŠããããšã ãªã©ãæ±ãã",
"title": "å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èã®å€§ããã¯ãã®ã»ãšãã©ãèçŒã§ã¯èŠããªãã»ã©å°ããã é¡åŸ®é¡ã®çºéã«ãã£ãŠèгå¯ã§ããåè§£èœãé«ãŸãã 现èã®å
éšæ§é ãåŸã
ã«æããã«ãªã£ãŠãã£ãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èã¯çç©ã®çš®é¡ãããã ã®éšäœã«ãã£ãŠããŸããŸãªå€§ããã§ååšããŠããã 以äžã«é¡åŸ®é¡ã®åè§£èœãšçްèãªã©ã®å€§ãããæããã â»åè§£èœ(æ¥è¿ãã2ç¹ãèŠåããããšã®ã§ããæå°è·é¢)",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èã®èŠãç®ãåãã¯ããŸããŸã«ç°ãªãããåºæ¬çãªæ©èœãæ§é ã¯åãã§ããã 现èã¯æ ž(ãããnucleus)ãšçްè質(ãããŒããã€ãcytoplasm)ãããããå²ã现èè(ãããŒããŸããcell membrane)ãããªãã现èèã«å
ãŸããå
éšã®ç©è³ªã®ãã¡ããæ žãé€ããéšåã®ããšã现è質ãšããã ãŸããæ žãšçްè質ãåãããŠå圢質(ãããããã€ãprotoplasm)ãšãåŒã¶ãã€ãŸãã现èèã«å
ãŸããå
éšã®ç©è³ªã®ããšãå圢質ãšããã 现è質ã«ã¯ãæ žãå§ããšããŠãããã³ã³ããªã¢ãªã©ãããŸããŸãªæ©èœãšæ§é ããã€å°ããªåšå®ãããããããã现èå°åšå®(ãããŒããããããããorganelle)ãšåŒã¶ã 现èå°åšå®ã©ããã®éã¯ãæ°Žã»ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãªã©ã§æºããããŠãããããã现è質åºè³ª(ãããŒãã〠ããã€ãcytoplasmic matrix)ãšåŒã¶ããã®çްè質åºè³ªã«ã¯ãé
µçŽ ãªã©ã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãã¢ããé
žãã°ã«ã³ãŒã¹ãªã©ãå«ãŸããŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ žã¯ã1ã€ã®çްèããµã€ã1ã€ãã£ãŠãããå
éšã«æè²äœ(chromosome)ãããã æè²äœã¯ãDNAãšã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãããªãã DNAãéºäŒåã®æ
å ±ãæã£ãŠããã 现èåè£(cell division)ã®éã«DNAã¯è€è£œãããæ°ãã现èã«åé
ãããã é¡åŸ®é¡ã§æ žã芳å¯ããå Žåã¯ãé
¢é
žã«ãŒãã³ãé
¢é
žãªã«ã»ã€ã³æ¶²ãªã©ã®è²çŽ ã§ãæè²äœãèµ€è²ã«æè²ã§ããã ããããããã®æè²çŸè±¡ããããæè²äœããšããååã®ç±æ¥ã§ããã æ žã¯ã1~æ°åã®æ žå°äœ(nucleolus)ãå«ã¿ããã®éãæ žæ¶²(nuclear sap)ãæºãããŠããã æ žã®è¡šé¢ã«ã¯æ žè(ãããŸããnuclear membrane)ãããã æ žèã¯ãäºéã®èãèã§ã§ããŠãããæ žèå(ãããŸããããnuclear pore)ãšåŒã°ãã倿°ã®åããããæ žãžã®ç©è³ªã®åºå
¥ãã«é¢ãã£ãŠããã DNAãéºäŒåã®æ¬äœã§ããããæè²äœã¯DNAãå«ãã§ãããæ žãæè²äœãå«ãã§ãããããæ žãéºäŒã«æ·±ãé¢ãã£ãŠããã®ã§ããã åºæ¬çã«ã¯1ã€ã®çްèã1ã€ã®æ žããã€ãã äŸå€ãšããŠãããšãã°ããã®èµ€è¡çã®ããã«æ žããããªã现èãããã ãŸãããã®éªšæ Œçã®ç现èã®ããã«1ã€ã®çްèãè€æ°ã®æ žããã€ãã®ãããã æ žã¯çްèå°åšå®ã®åããå¶åŸ¡ããŠããããã®ãã现èã®çåã墿®ã«å¿
èŠãªãã®ã§ããã ãªã®ã§ãèµ€è¡çã®ããã«æ žã倱ã£ã现èã¯é·ãçãç¶ããããšã¯ã§ãããåè£ããããšãã§ããªãã æ žã®äžã«ããDNAãããã®ãããªã现èå°åšå®ã®å¶åŸ¡ãè¡ã£ãŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¢ã¡ãŒããã¬ã©ã¹æ¿ã§æ žãããç(ãžã)ãšãæ žããªãçãšã«åæãããšãæ žãããçã¯å¢æ®ã§ããæ žããªãçã¯æ»ã¬ã(ã¢ã¡ãŒãã®åæå®éš1)",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¢ã¡ãŒãã®æ žãã¬ã©ã¹ç®¡ã§åžãåããæ žãšçްè質ãšã«åãããšãäž¡æ¹ãšãæ»ã¬ã(ã¢ã¡ãŒãã®åæå®éš2)",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«æ žã¯çްèã®çåã墿®ã«å¿
èŠã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çç©ã®çްèã«ã¯ãæ žããããªãåæ žçްèãšãæ žããã€çæ žçŽ°èãšãããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倧è
žèãªã©ã®çްèé¡ãããŠã¬ã¢ãªã©ã®ã·ã¢ããã¯ããªã¢(ã©ã³è»é¡)ã®çްèã¯ãæ žãæããªãã ãããã®çç©ã®çްèãæè²äœãšããã«å«ãŸããDNAã¯ãã£ãŠãããããããå
ãæ žèããã£ãŠããªãã®ã§ãæ žããªãã ãã®ãããªãæ žã®ãªã现èã®ããšãåæ žçްè(prokaryotic cell)ãšåŒã¶ã ãŸããåæ žçްèã§ã§ããçç©ãåæ žçç©(prokaryote)ãšåŒã¶ã åæ žçްèã®æè²äœãšããã«å«ãŸããDNAã¯çްè質åºè³ªã®äžã«ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ žçްèã¯ãããã³ã³ããªã¢ãèç·äœãªã©ãæããªãã åæ žçްèã¯ãçæ žçްèãããå°ããå
éšæ§é ãåçŽã§ããã ã·ã¢ããã¯ããªã¢ã¯ãããã³ã³ããªã¢ãšèç·äœãæããªãåæ žçç©ã§ããããå
åæãè¡ãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«å¯ŸããŠãæè²äœãæ žèã«å
ãŸããŠãã现èãçæ žçްè(eukaryotic cell)ãšåŒã¶ã ãŸããçæ žçްèã§ã§ããçç©ãçæ žçç©(eukaryote)ãšåŒã¶ã ã»ãŒãã¹ãŠã®çæ žçç©ã§ã¯çæ žçŽ°èã«ããã³ã³ããªã¢ãèŠãããã ãŸããæ€ç©ã®å Žåãçæ žçްèã«èç·äœãèŠãããã ããã³ã³ããªã¢ããã³èç·äœã¯ãç¬èªã®DNAãæã¡ããããå«ã现èã®æ žã®DNAãšã¯éºäŒæ
å ±ãç°ãªãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããããããããã³ã³ããªã¢ããã³èç·äœã¯ã å®ã¯ããšããšããã®åãå
¥ãå
ã®çްèãšã¯å¥ã®çç©ã ã£ããã åãå
¥ãå
ã®çްèã«å
¥ã蟌ã¿å
±çããããã«ãªã£ãã®ã ããããšæãããŠããã ãããŠãããã³ã³ããªã¢ãŸãã¯èç·äœãåã蟌ãã çµæãçç©çã«çæ žçŽ°èãåºãŠãããã®ã ãšæãããŠãã 现èãããã³ã³ããªã¢ãŸãã¯èç·äœãåã蟌ãåã¯ããã®çްèã¯åæ žçŽ°èã ã£ãã®ã ãããšæãããŠããããã®ãããªèª¬ãã现èå
å
±ç説ãŸãã¯åã«å
±ç説ãšããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã³ã³ããªã¢(mitochondria)ã¯åç©ãšæ€ç©ã®çްèã«ååšãã é·ã1ÎŒm~æ°ÎŒmãå¹
0.5ÎŒmçšåºŠã®ç²ç¶ã®çްèå°åšå®ã§ãã ååŠåå¿ã«ãã£ãŠé
žçŽ ãæ¶è²»ããŠææ©ç©ãåè§£ããšãã«ã®ãŒãåŸãåŒåž(respiration)ãè¡ãã ããã³ã³ããªã¢ã®åœ¢ã¯ç圢ãŸãã¯åçåœ¢ã®æ§é äœã§ã å€åŽã«ããå€èãšå
åŽã«ããã²ã ç¶ã®å
èãšã®2éèããã€ã å
èãã²ã ç¶ã«ãªã£ãéšåãã¯ãªã¹ã(cristae)ãå
èã«å²ãŸãã空éãæºããæ¶²äœããããªãã¯ã¹(matrix)ãšåŒã¶ã åŒåžã«é¢ããé
µçŽ ãã¯ãªã¹ããšãããªãã¯ã¹ã«ãµããŸããŠããããã®é
µçŽ ã§ææ©ç©ãåè§£ããã ããã³ã³ããªã¢ã®å
èã§ATPãšããç©è³ªãåæããã åæ žçç©ãåŒåžãè¡ããããããåæ žçްèã®åŒåžã¯ããã£ããŠããã³ã³ããªã¢ã«ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(â» æç§æžã®ç¯å²å€:)èŠ³å¯æã®ããã³ã³ããªã¢ã®æè²ã¯ãã€ãã¹ã°ãªãŒã³ã«ãã£ãŠç·è²ã«æè²ã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èç·äœ(chloroplast)ã¯æ€ç©ã®çްèã«ååšããçŽåŸ5~10ÎŒmãåã2~3ÎŒmã®åžã¬ã³ãºåœ¢ã®åšå®ã§ããã å
ãšãã«ã®ãŒã䜿ã£ãŠæ°Žãšäºé
žåççŽ ããçæ°Žåç©ãåæããå
åæ(photosynthesis)ãè¡ãã èç·äœã«ã¯ãã©ã³ã€ã(thylakoid)ãšåŒã°ããæå¹³(ãžããºã)ãªè¢ç¶ã®æ§é äœãããã ãã©ã³ã€ããç©ã¿éãªã£ãŠã°ã©ã(grana)ãšåŒã°ãããŸãšãŸããäœã£ãŠããã äžéšã®çްé·ãå»¶ã³ããã©ã³ã€ããè€æ°ã®ã°ã©ãéãçµãã§ããã ãã®éãã¹ããã(stroma)ãšåŒã°ããæ¶²äœãæºãããŠããã ããã«ããã®åšããå
èãšå€èã®2éèãå²ãã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããèç·äœã¯ã¯ãããã£ã«(chlorophyll)ãšããç·è²ã®è²çŽ ããµããã§ããã æ£ç¢ºã«èšããšãã¯ãããã£ã«ã¯ç·è²ã®å
ãåå°ããŠãã»ãã®è²ã®å
ãåžåããè²çŽ ã§ããã ãã®ã¯ãããã£ã«ã®åå°ç¹æ§ã®ãããæ€ç©ã¯ç·è²ã«èŠããã ãã©ã³ã€ãã®èããã¯ãããã£ã«ãªã©ã®è²çŽ ããµããã§ãããããã«ãã£ãŠå
ãšãã«ã®ãŒãåžåããŠããã ãããŠãã¹ãããã«ããé
µçŽ ã®åãã«ãã£ãŠãå
åæã®ææ©ç©åæãè¡ã£ãŠããã èç·äœã¯ãã¹ãããã«ç¬èªã®DNAãæã£ãŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¶²è(ããã»ããvacuole)ã¯äž»ã«æ€ç©çްèã«ã¿ãããç©è³ªã貯èµãããæµžéå§ã調ç¯ãããããã äžéã®æ¶²èèã§å
ãŸããå
éšãçŽ°èæ¶²(cell sap)ãæºãããŠããã äžéšã®æ€ç©çްèã¯ã¢ã³ãã·ã¢ã³(anthocyan)ãšåŒã°ããèµ€ã»éã»çŽ«è²ã®è²çŽ ãå«ãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èèã¯çްè質ã®å€åŽã«ããåã5nm~10nmçšåºŠã®èãèã§ãããäž»ã«ãªã³è質ãšã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã§æ§æãããå
žåçãªçäœèã§ããã现èãžã®ç©è³ªã®åºå
¥ãã®èª¿ç¯ãè¡ãããªã³è質ã«ã¯æ°Žã«æº¶ãããã芪氎æ§ã®éšåãšãæ°Žã«æº¶ãã«ããçæ°Žæ§ã®éšåããããçæ°Žæ§ã®éšåãå
åŽã«åããåã£ããäºéè(ã«ãã
ããŸããbilayer)ã«ãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæ°Žãšæ²¹ããšããèšèããä»²ã®æªãããšã®è¡šçŸãšããŠçšããããããã«ãæ°Žãšæ²¹ã¯æº¶ãåããªãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«çްèèãå€éšã«å¯ŸããŠçæ°Žæ§(ããããã)ã®éšåã ããåºããŠãããã现èèã¯çæ°Žç(ããããŠã)ã§ããããã®ããã现èèã¯ãæ°Žã«æº¶ããªãããã®ããã现èèã«ãã£ãŠã现èããŸããããä»åãããããããã®çްèãæº¶ãåããªãããã«ãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èèã®ãšããã©ããã«ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãååžããŠããããã®(现èèã«ãã)ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãã现èãžã®ç©è³ªã®åºå
¥ãã®èª¿ç¯ã«é¢ãã£ãŠããã现èèã¯ãç¹å®ã®ç©è³ªã®ã¿ãééãšããæ§è³ªãããããã®æ§è³ªã®ããšãéžæçééæ§(ãããããŠã ãšãããã)ãšããã(åæãæ°ç ã®å°éãçç©ãã«ãéžæçééæ§ãã®çšèªããã)",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ã¯ããŒã¹æº¶æ¶²ãªã©ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ã现èèã¯åéæ§ (â»ã现èãžã®ç©è³ªã®åºå
¥ãããåç
§) ã«è¿ãæ§è³ªã瀺ãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èèã«ã¯ããšããã©ããã«ã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«(ion channel)ãããããããªãŠã Naãã«ãªãŠã Kãªã©ç¹å®ã®ã€ãªã³ã®ã¿ãéžæçã«ééãããã(â» çç©IIã§ã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ãç¿ãã®ã§ãã€ãã§ã«å€ªåã)",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã现èã®ãšããã©ããã«ã¯å容äœ(ãã
ãããããreceptor)ããããç¹å®ã®ç©è³ªããã®åºæ¿ãåãåããå容äœã®çš®é¡ããšã«åãåããç©è³ªã®çš®é¡ãéãããã®ããåãåããåºæ¿ã®çš®é¡ãã¡ãããå容äœã®æè³ªã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã现èèäžã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã«ããªãªãŽç³ãªã©ã®å€ç³é¡ã§åºæ¥ãŠããç³é(ãšãããsugar chain)ãä»ããŠããå Žåãããã现èã©ããã®èå¥(ããã¹ã€)ãªã©ã®æ
å ±äº€æãã现èã©ããã®çµåãªã©ã«åœ¹ç«ã£ãŠããããªããããã®ABOåŒè¡æ¶²åã®éãã¯ãèµ€è¡çã®çްèèã®ç³éã®éãã«ãããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èãç°ç©ãæ¶ååžåããé£äœçš(ãããããã)ã®éã«ãã现èèãé¢ãã£ãŠãããç°ç©ã«çްèèãåãä»ãããšã§ãç°ç©ãå
ãã§åã蟌ããé£äœçšã®ããšã飲é£äœçšãšãèšã£ããããšã³ããµã€ããŒã·ã¹ãšãããããã¯ããã¡ãŒãžãã¢ã¡ãŒããªã©ã®é£äœçšã¯ããã®ãããªçްèèã®åãã«ãããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èå£(ãããŒããžããcell wall)ã¯æ€ç©çްèãèé¡ãåæ žçç©ã«èŠããã现èèã®å€åŽã§çްèãå®ãåºãèã§ããã圢ãä¿ã€åããæã€ãåç©çްèã«ã¯èŠãããªãã 现èå£ã¯ãã»ã«ããŒã¹ãäž»æåãšããŠãããã»ã«ããŒã¹ãšãã¯ãã³ãªã©ã®çæ°Žåç©ã«ãã£ãŠãªããã€å
šéæ§ (â»ã现èãžã®ç©è³ªã®åºå
¥ãããåç
§) ã®æ§é ã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èã¯ã1665幎ãã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ãããŒãã»ããã¯ã«ãã£ãŠçºèŠãããã 圌ã¯ãèªäœã®é¡åŸ®é¡ãçšããŠã軜ããŠåŒŸåã®ããã³ã«ã¯ã®èçã芳å¯ãããšããã 倿°ã®äžç©ºã®æ§é ãããããšãç¥ã£ãããããä¿®éé¢ã®å°éšå±(cellãã»ã«)ã«ã¿ããŠã现è(cell)ãšåŒãã ã 圌ã芳å¯ããã®ã¯ãæ»ãã æ€ç©çްèã®çްèå£(ãããŒããžããcell wall)ã§ãã£ããã ãã®åŸã1674幎ããªã©ã³ãã®ã¬ãŒãŠã§ã³ããã¯ã«ããã¯ãããŠçãã现èã®çްèã芳å¯ãããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "19äžçŽã«å
¥ããšã现èãšçåœæŽ»åã®é¢é£æ§ãæ°ä»ãããã¯ãããã ãŸã1838幎ããã€ãã®ã·ã¥ã©ã€ãã³ãæ€ç©ã«ã€ããŠã ç¿1839幎ããã€ãã®ã·ã¥ã¯ã³ãåç©ã«ã€ããŠã ãå
šãŠã®çç©ã¯çްèããæãç«ã€ããšãã现è説(cell theory)ãæå±ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«åŸããã€ãã®ãŠã£ã«ãã§ãŒã®ãå
šãŠã®çްèã¯ä»ã®çްèã«ç±æ¥ããããšããèãã«ããã现èèª¬ã¯æµžéããŠãã£ãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¬ãŒãŠã§ã³ããã¯ã现èãçºèŠããŠããåœæã®çç©åŠã®æ¥çã§ã¯ããã°ããã埮çç©ã®çºçã«ã€ããŠã¯ã芪ãªãã«ç¡çç©ããèªç¶ã«åŸ®çç©ãçºçããã ãããšããèªç¶çºç説ãä¿¡ããããŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã19äžçŽã«ãã©ã³ã¹ã®çååŠè
ãã¹ããŒã«ããå³ã®ãããªSåç¶ã«å£ã®æ²ã£ããã©ã¹ã³(äžè¬ã«ãçœé³¥ã®éŠãã©ã¹ã³ããšãã)ã䜿ã£ãå®éšã§èªç¶çºç説ãééã£ãŠããäºã蚌æããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã察ç
§å®éšãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现è質åºè³ªã«ã¯ãäžèŠãããšæ¶²äœä»¥å€ã«äœãç¡ãããã«èŠããããå®ã¯ç¹ç¶ç¶ã®æ§é ãããããã®çްè質åºè³ªã«ååšããŠããç¹ç¶ç¶ã®æ§é ã现èéªšæ Œ(ãããŒã ãã£ãããcytoskeleton)ãšããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èéªšæ Œã«ã¯ã埮å°ç®¡(ã³ããããããmicrotubule)ãäžéåŸãã£ã©ã¡ã³ã(intermadiate filament)ãã¢ã¯ãã³ãã£ã©ã¡ã³ã(actin filament)ã®3çš®é¡ãããã ãã®çްèéªšæ Œã«ãã£ãŠã现èå°åšå®ã¯åºå®ãããŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã现èå°åšå®ãæ¶²èãªã©ã现èå
ã§éåããŠååœ¢è³ªãæµåããŠããããã«èŠããçç±ã¯ã现èéªšæ ŒãåããŠçްèå°åšå®ãªã©ãéãã§ããããã§ããããšãè¿å¹Žã«åãã£ãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èå°åšå®ã«ãããŠãå°ããããŠå
åŠé¡åŸ®é¡ã§ã¯èŠãããªãããé»åé¡åŸ®é¡ã§ãªãèŠãããæ§é ããããã€ãååšããŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŽã«ãžäœãäžå¿äœã¯ãå°ãããããããå
åŠé¡åŸ®é¡ã§ã¯èŠãããªãããé»åé¡åŸ®é¡ã§èŠãããšãã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŽã«ãžäœ(Golgi body)ã¯é
µçŽ ããã«ã¢ã³ãªã©ã®åæ³ã«é¢äžããã»ãã现èå
ã§å©çšãããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®ä¿®é£Ÿãè¡ãã äžéèã®å¹³ããªè¢ç¶ã®å±€ãããã€ãéãªã£ãæ§é ãããŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžå¿äœ(centrosome)ã¯äž»ã«åç©çްèã«ã¿ãããã¹ãæ¯ãç¹æ¯ã圢æãããã现èåè£ã®éã®çŽ¡éäœåœ¢æã®èµ·ç¹ãšãªãã 埮å°ç®¡ãšãã管ç¶ã®æ§é äœã3ã€éãŸãããããç°ç¶ã«9ã€éãŸãäžå¿å°äœãäœãã ãã®äžå¿å°äœã2ã€LåçŽäº€ããŠäžå¿äœãäœãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ã³ãã«ãšã³ã¶ãªã©ã®ãããªããŠã€ã«ã¹ããšããçš®é¡ã®ç©ãååšããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯çç©ãšéçç©ãšã®äžéçãªååšã§ãããã»ãšãã©ã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯0.3ÎŒm以äžã®å€§ããã§ããã倧è
žè (çŽ3ÎŒm)ãªã©ã®çްèã®å€§ãããšæ¯ã¹ãŠããšãŠãå°ããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯ãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®æ®»ãšããã®æ®»ã«ã€ã€ãŸããæ žé
žããã€æ§é ã§ã现èãæã£ãŠããªãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯éºäŒç©è³ªãšããŠæ žé
žããã¡ãåç¬ã§ã¯å¢æ®ã§ããªãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®å¢æ®ã¯ãä»ã®çç©ã®çãã现èã®äžã«äŸµå
¥ããŠããã®çްèã®äžã«ããç©è³ªãå©çšããŠè¡ããæ»ãã 现è(äŸ:å ç±åŠçãªã©ãã现è)ã®äžã§ã¯ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯å¢æ®ã§ããªãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŠã€ã«ã¹èªäœã¯æŽå²çã«ã¯ã次ã®ããã«çºèŠãããã(ç§ç®ãç§åŠãšäººéçæŽ»ãã®ç¯å²)",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãçŽ çŒãã®é¶åšã®æ¿ã䜿ã£ãŠæ°Žã濟éãããšããã®é¶æ¿ã«ã¯çްèããã埮ç¬ãªç©Žã空ããŠããã®ã§ã现èã®ãµããŸããæ°Žãæµããšã现èãé€ããŠæ°Žã ããééãããŠæ¿Ÿéã§ããçºèŠãããããã®æ¿Ÿéåšã«ãããèµ€ç¢èãªã©ã®ç
åèãæ¿Ÿéã§ããäºãçºèŠããããããããã¿ãã³ã¢ã¶ã€ã¯ç
ã®ç
åäœã¯ãæ°Žãšãã£ããã«ãã®é¶æ¿ãééããäºããã·ã¢ã®ç§åŠè
ã€ã¯ããã¹ããŒã«ãã1980幎代ã«çºèŠãããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®äºããã现èããã埮å°ãªååšãä¿¡ããããããã«ãªã£ãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åŸã1930幎代ã«ãã€ãã®ç§åŠè
ã«ã¹ã«ãªã©ã«ãã£ãŠçºæãããé»åé¡åŸ®é¡ã®çºéã«ããã现èãæ åçã«èгå¯ã§ããããã«ãªã£ãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã1930幎代ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ç§åŠè
ã¹ã¿ã³ã¬ãŒãã¿ãã³ã¢ã¶ã€ã¯ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®çµæ¶åã«æåããŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现è質åºè³ªã¯ã现èå°åšå®ã®éãæºãããæ°Žã»ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãªã©ãå«ãŸããæ§ã
ãªååŠåå¿ãè¡ãããŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãªã«ããã¢ã®èã®çްèã芳å¯ãããšã现è質åºè³ªã®äžãé¡ç²ãæµåããŠããããããå圢質æµå(ãããããã€ãã
ãã©ããprotoplasmic streamingã现è質æµå)ãšåŒã¶ãå圢質æµåã¯çããŠãã现èã§ã®ã¿èŠãããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èã¯ããã®äžã«æ°Žãæ é€åãåãå
¥ã䜿ããªããšçããŠãããªãã 以äžã§ã¯çްèãžã®ç©è³ªã®åºå
¥ãã«ã€ããŠæ±ãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°æã§éèãå»ãã§å¡©ãããããšãæ°ŽãåºãŠããŠéèããããªãããããŸãããã¡ã¯ãžã«å¡©ãããããšçž®ãã§ãããšãã話ãèããããå®éã«èŠãããšãããã ãããå®ã¯ããã®äºã€ã¯åãçŸè±¡ã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžå®ä»¥äžã®å€§ããã®ååã®ã¿ãééãããæ§è³ªãåéæ§(ã¯ããšããããsemipermeability)ãšåŒã¶ã ãŸããåéæ§ã瀺ãèãåéè(ã¯ããšããŸããsemipermeable membrane)ãšåŒã¶ã溶質ã§ãã£ãŠããäžå®ä»¥äžã®å€§ãããªããåéèã¯éããªãã现èèã¯åéèã®æ§è³ªããã£ãŠãããã»ããã³èãåéèã§ãããæº¶åªãæ°Žã®å Žåã¯ãåéèã¯æ°Žååãéããäžè¬ã«ãã·ã§ç³ã¯çްèèãéããªãã®ãæ®éã§ãããå°¿çŽ ãã°ãªã»ãªã³ã¯çްèèãéãã®ãæ®éã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«å¯ŸããŠãååã®å€§å°ã«ãããå
šãŠééãããæ§è³ªãå
šéæ§(ãããšããããnon-selective permeability)ãšåŒã¶ã ãŸããå
šéæ§ã瀺ãèã'å
šéè(ãããšããŸããpermiable membrane)ãšåŒã¶ããçŽã¯å
šéèã§ãããæ€ç©ã®çްèå£ã¯å
šéèã§ããã现èèãšçްèå£ãééããªãããã«ã现èèã¯åç©ã»æ€ç©ã®äž¡æ¹ã«ãããåéèã§ããã现èå£ã¯æ€ç©ã«ãããªãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¿åºŠã®ç°ãªã氎溶液ããããããšãç©è³ªãé«ãæ¿åºŠããäœãæ¿åºŠã®æº¶æ¶²ãžç§»åããæ¿åºŠãåäžã«ãªãçŸè±¡ãæ¡æ£(ãããããdiffusion)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åéèãã¯ããã§æ¿åºŠã®äœãæº¶æ¶²ãšæ¿åºŠã®é«ãæº¶æ¶²ãæ¥è§Šããããšãæ¡æ£ã«ãã£ãŠã溶åªã®æ°Žã¯ç§»åããåéèãéã£ãŠæ¿åºŠã®äœãæ¹ããé«ãæ¹ãžãšæ°Žã¯ç§»åããããã®çŸè±¡ã浞é(ãããšããosmosis)ãšåŒã¶ãäž¡æ¶²ã®æ¿åºŠãåãã«ãªããŸã§ã溶åªã®æ°Žãèãéã£ãŠç§»åããã倧ããã®å€§ããæº¶è³ªã¯åéèãéããªãã®ã§ããããã«å€§ããã®å°ããååã§ããæ°Žååãç§»åããã®ã§ããã 説æã®ç°¡ååã®ãããæº¶è³ªååã¯å€§ãããåéèãéããªãå Žåã§ãããšããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "浞éã®ãããæ¿åºŠã®äœã溶液ããæ¿åºŠã®é«ãæº¶æ¶²ãžæº¶åªãç§»åãããããã«åãå§åãæµžéå§(ãããšããã€ãosmotic pressure)ãšåŒã¶ãæº¶æ¶²ã®æ¿åºŠã®å·®ã倧ããã»ã©ã浞éå§ã¯å€§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "浞éå§ãåŒã§è¡šãã°ã浞éå§ãP(åäœ[Pa]ãã¹ã«ã«ãªã©)ãæ¿åºŠå·®ãC(åäœ[mol/L]ãªã©)ãšãããš(ãmolããšã¯ãã¢ã«ãã§ååæ°ã®åäœã§ã6.02Ã10å)ãåŒã¯",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â» çç©Iã®ç¯å²ãè¶
ãããããã詳ããã¯ã枩床ãTãKããšããŠ(ãKããšã¯ã±ã«ãã³ãšãããæž©åºŠã®åäœ)ãæ°äœå®æ°(ããããŠããã)ãšããæ¯äŸä¿æ°ãRãšããŠã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(ããã¡ã³ããããã®åŒããšããã)",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãããR=0.082 (Lã»æ°å§)/(Kã»mol)ã (ç©çãååŠãªã©ã§ãæ°äœã®ç¶æ
æ¹çšåŒã PV = nRT ãšããã®ãç¿ããã±ã«ãã³ãšã¯ã絶察é¶åºŠãã€ãã¹273°Cã0Kãšãã絶察枩床ã®ããšã§ããããã®ããšãããåããããã«ãèªè
ã¯é«æ ¡ç©çã髿 ¡ååŠãå匷ããªããã°ãªããªãªãã)",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã®æ°Žé¢ã®é«ããåãã ã£ãå Žåãåéèã«ããæ¥è§Šã§ã¯æµžéã«ãšã£ãŠçæ¹ã®æ°Žãå¢ããã¶ãããããŠããçæ¹ã®æ°Žãæžã£ãã¶ããæ°Žé¢ã®é«ãã«éããçããã®ã§ãã€ãŸãæ°Žäœå·®ãçããã®ã§ããã®æ°Žäœå·®ããæµžéå§ã®å€§ãããæž¬ãããæ°Žé¢ã®é«ããåãã«ããããã«ã¯ãå€éšããããããå ããªããšãããªãããã®ãããã®éåã«ããåã®å€§ããããããã¯ãã®ãããã®åãå§åã«æç®ãããã®ããæµžéå§ã®å€§ããã§ããããã®ãšãã®ããããã®åã«çžåœããå§åã§ã浞éå§ã枬ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åéèã§ãªããèãªãã§ããã®ãŸãŸæ¿åºŠã®ããæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãæ¥è§Šããå Žåã¯ãæ°Žäœå·®ã¯çããªãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èãæº¶æ¶²ã«æµžãããšãã现èãžã®æ°Žã®åºå
¥ããçãããããæ¿åºŠãåè¡¡ãã现èã®äœç©ãå€åããªããªãã°ããã®æº¶æ¶²ãç匵液(ãšãã¡ãããããisotonic solution)ãšåŒã¶ã ããã«å¯Ÿãã现èããæ°ŽãåºãŠããè±æ°ŽããŠã现èã®äœç©ãæžå°ãããããªæº¶æ¶²ãé«åŒµæ¶²(ããã¡ãããããHypertonic solution)ãšåŒã³ã éã«ã现èãžæ°Žãå
¥ã£ãŠããã现èã®äœç©ãå¢å ãããããªæº¶æ¶²ãäœåŒµæ¶²(ãŠãã¡ãããããhypotonic solution)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã®èµ€è¡çã¯ã0.9%(=9g/L)ã®é£å¡©æ°Žãšç匵ã§ãããã0.9%ãã®ã%ããšã¯è³ªéããŒã»ã³ãã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ€ç©çްèã§ã¯çްèèã®ãŸãããå
šéæ§ã®çްèå£ãå²ãã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èãæ°Žãåžåããåã®ããšããåžæ°Žåããšããããã®å§åã®ããšãåžæ°Žå§(ãã
ããããã€)ãšãããåžæ°Žå§ã®åŒã¯ã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€ãã®æ€ç©çްèã¯éåžžæãããé«åŒµã§ããããã®ãããéåžžæã§ãæ€ç©çްèã§ã¯å圢質ãèšåŒµããŠããã现èå£ããã®èšå§ãçããŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èå£ãã现è質ãé¢ããçŽåã»çŽåŸã®ããšãéçå圢質åé¢ãšããããã®ãšãã®å€æ¶²ã®æº¶æ¶²æ¿åºŠã®ããšãéçæ¿åºŠãšããã ãªããå圢質ããã³å圢質ããå
åŽã®éšåã®ããšãããããã©ã¹ããšãããããããã©ã¹ãã现èå£ããé¢ããŠããŸãçŸè±¡ã®ããšããå圢質åé¢ã®ããšã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èèã¯ãç¹å®ã®ç©è³ªã®ã¿ãééãããŠããããã®ãããªæ§è³ªãéžæçééæ§(ãããããŠã ãšãããããSelective permeability)ãšåŒã¶ã现èèã«ååšãã茞éã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªããã©ã®ç©è³ªãééãããŠãã©ã®ç©è³ªãééãããªããã®éžæãè¡ã£ãŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "茞éã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã«ã¯ãã©ãããçš®é¡ãããããšãããšãåŸè¿°ããããã£ãã«ããããã³ãããããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠãéžæçééæ§ã«ã¯ãæ¿åºŠåŸé
ã«åŸã£ãŠæ¡æ£ã«ããç©è³ªãééãããåå茞é(ãã
ã©ãããããpassive transport)ãšã ãã£ãœããæ¿åºŠåŸé
ã«éãã£ãŠç©è³ªãééãããèœå茞é(ã®ãã©ãããããactive transport)ãšããã2çš®é¡ã®èŒžéãããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èœå茞éã®äŸãšããŠã¯ãåŸè¿°ãããããªãŠã ãã³ããªã©ãããããªãããããªãŠã ãã³ãã«ãã£ãŠã€ãªã³ã茞éããããšããATPã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãæ¶è²»ããããã®ããã«ãèœå茞éã§ã¯ããªã«ãã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãæ¶è²»ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãœãã(èœå茞éã§ã¯ãªã)åå茞éã®äŸãšããŠã¯ãåŸè¿°ãããã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ã«ããåå茞éãªã©ãããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€çްèçç©ã§ã¯ãã»ãšãã©ã®çްèã§ãã©ã®çްèãã现èã®å
å€ã®ãããªãŠã æ¿åºŠãæ¯ã¹ãŠã¿ããšã现èå
ã®ãããªãŠã æ¿åºŠã¯äœãã现èå€ã®ãããªãŠã æ¿åºŠã¯é«ãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ã€ãŸãã现èã®åãã«ãã£ãŠããããªãŠã ãæåºãããŠããããã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããå€çްèåç©ã§ã¯ããã¹ãŠã®çްèã§ãã©ã®çްèãã现èå
å€ã®ã«ãªãŠã æ¿åºŠãæ¯ã¹ãŠã¿ããšã现èå
ã®ã«ãªãŠã æ¿åºŠãé«ãã现èå€ã®ã«ãªãŠã æ¿åºŠãäœãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ã€ãŸãã现èã®åãã«ãã£ãŠãã«ãªãŠã ãæåºãããŠããããã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èèã«ããATPåè§£é
µçŽ (ãããªãŠã -ã«ãªãŠã ATPã¢ãŒãŒ)ãšããé
µçŽ ãã现èå
ã«å
¥ãããã ãããªãŠã ã现èå€ã«æåºããŠããã£ãœãã现è倿¶²ããã«ãªãŠã ã现èå
ã«åã蟌ãã§ããã®ã§ããããªãããã®é
µçŽ (ãããªãŠã -ã«ãªãŠã ATPã¢ãŒãŒ)ã¯ã现èèã貫éããŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â» æ€å®æç§æžã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãããããªãŠã -ã«ãªãŠã ATPã¢ãŒãŒãã®ããšããNa-K ATPã¢ãŒãŒããšãèšè¿°ããŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯ãã©ãããåçãªã®ãã説æã®ããããŸãã现èå
ã®ãããªãŠã ãæŸåºããåã®ç¶æ
ã ãšãããã(ä»®ã«ãã®ç¶æ
ããç¶æ
1ããšããã)",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªãŠã -ã«ãªãŠã ATPã¢ãŒãŒã¯ã现èå
ã®Naãçµåãããšããã®ãšãå¥ã®ATPã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãæŸåºãããŠãATPããADPã«ãªãããã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒããã®é
µçŽ (ãããªãŠã -ã«ãªãŠã ATPã¢ãŒãŒ)ã䜿ã£ãŠããã®é
µçŽ (ãããªãŠã -ã«ãªãŠã ATPã¢ãŒãŒ)ã®ç«äœæ§é ãå€ããããã®çµæããããªãŠã ã现èå€ã«æŸåºããŠããŸãã(ä»®ã«ãã®ãããªãŠã æŸåºåŸã®ç¶æ
ããç¶æ
2ããšããã)",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ã现èå€ã®ã«ãªãŠã ãçµåãããšããŸãç«äœæ§é ãå€ããããã®çµæãã«ãªãŠã ã现èå
ã«åã蟌ãã(ä»®ã«ãã®ã«ãªãŠã åã蟌ã¿åŸã®ç¶æ
ããç¶æ
3ããšããã)",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠãŸããé
µçŽ ã¯ãæåã®ç¶æ
ã«ãã©ãã(ã€ãŸããç¶æ
1ã«æ»ãããã ããATPã¯æ¶èããŠADPã«ãªã£ããŸãŸã§ããã)",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµæçã«ããã®é
µçŽ (ãããªãŠã -ã«ãªãŠã ATPã¢ãŒãŒ)ã¯ãATPã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãæ¶èããäºã«ããããããªãŠã ã现èå€ã«æŸåºããã«ãªãŠã ã现èå
ã«åã蟌ãã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªä»çµã¿ãããããªãŠã ãã³ããšããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãããã®èŒžéã¯ããšãã«ã®ãŒã䜿ã£ãŠãããããã®ã€ãªã³ã®æ¿åºŠå·®ã«ãããã£ãŠèŒžéããã®ã§ããã®ãããªèŒžéãèœå茞éãšããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠããã®ãããªãŠã ãã³ãã®çµæããããªãŠã ã€ãªã³ã¯çްèå€(è¡ããã ãªã©)ã§æ¿åºŠãé«ãã(è¡ããã ãªã©ãšæ¯èŒããŠ)ã«ãªãŠã ã€ãªã³ã¯çްèå
ã§æ¿åºŠãé«ããªãã(â» åæã®å°éçç©ã®æç§æžã«ãæ¯èŒå¯Ÿè±¡ãšããŠãè¡ãããããšæžãããŠããã)",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãã°ããã®èµ€è¡çã§ã¯ãèœå茞éã«ãã£ãŠã倿¶²(è¡ããã)ãããèµ€è¡çå
ã®ã«ãªãŠã ã€ãªã³Kæ¿åºŠãé«ããèµ€è¡çå
ã®ãããªãŠã ã€ãªã³Naæ¿åºŠãäœãããã£ãœããè¡ãããã§ã¯ãã«ãªãŠã æ¿åºŠKãäœãããããªãŠã æ¿åºŠNaãé«ããã€ãŸãèµ€è¡çã§ã¯ãèœå茞éã«ãã£ãŠNaã现èå€ãžãšæåºããŠãèœå茞éã«ãã£ãŠKã现èå
ãžãšåãå
¥ããŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªãèœå茞éã«ãã£ãŠã现èå
å€ã§NaãKã®èŒžéããã³æ¿åºŠèª¿ç¯ãããæ©æ§ã®ããšãããããªãŠã ãã³ãããšããã ãã®çµæã现èå
å€ã§NaãKã®æ¿åºŠå·®ããããããçããŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èœå茞éã«ã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒãå¿
èŠã§ãããATPãããšãã«ã®ãŒãäŸçµŠãããŠããã现èèã«ããATPåè§£é
µçŽ (Na/K-ATPã¢ãŒãŒ)ãããããªãŠã ãã³ããªã©ã®èœå茞éã®æ£äœã§ããã(â» åèæžã«ãã£ãŠã¯ããããªãŠã ãã³ããšATPåè§£é
µçŽ ãåäžèŠããŠãã€ãã£ãŠããæ¬ãããã)",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãããã®ãããªçްèã«ããèœå茞éã§ãã€ãªã³ã茞éãããã³ãã®ããšããã€ãªã³ãã³ãããšããã(æ±äº¬æžç±ã®å°éçç©(çç©IIçžåœ)ã®æ€å®æç§æžã«ãã€ãªã³ãã³ããã®èšèŒãã ) ããããªãŠã ãã³ããããã€ãªã³ãã³ãã®äžçš®ã§ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããªãŠã ãã³ãã®æ©æ§ã§ã¯ã ATPåè§£é
µçŽ ã«ã现èå
ã®3ã€ã®ãããªãŠã ã€ãªã³(Na)ããã³ããšçµåããŠãããATPã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã«ãã£ãŠATPåè§£é
µçŽ ã®åœ¢ãå€ããããã©ã¯çްèå€ã«3ã€ã®NaãæåºããããããŠçްèå€ã®ã«ãªãŠã (K)ãATPåè§£é
µçŽ ã«çµåãããšã圢ãå€ããã现èå
ãžãšKãåºãããããŠããŸãATPåè§£é
µçŽ ã«ã现èå
ã®3ã€ã®Naããã³ããšçµåããŠãåãããã«ç¹°ãè¿ããŠãã£ãŠã现èå
å€ã§ã€ãªã³ã茞éããŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èèã«ã¯ããšããã©ããã«ã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«(ion channel)ãšããééãã管ã®ãããªéè·¯ç¶ã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã现èè(è質äºéå±€)ããšããã©ãã貫éããŠãããã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ã®éããéã«ãããªãŠã Naãã«ãªãŠã Kãªã©ç¹å®ã®ã€ãªã³ã®ã¿ãéžæçã«ééãããã(â» çç©IIã§ã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ããç¿ãã®ã§ãã€ãã§ã«å€ªåã)",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ééã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªååã®ç«äœæ§é ãååçã«å€åããããšã§ãééãè¡ãããŠããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ã®éãããšãã«ããããªãŠã ãªã©å¯Ÿè±¡ã®ã€ãªã³ãééãããã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ãéããã°ã察象ã€ãªã³ã¯éããªãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(ãããªãŠã ãã³ããªã©ã®)èœå茞éãšã¯éããã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ã§ã¯ãæ¿åºŠã®é«äœã«éãã£ãŠãŸã§èŒžéãããèœåã¯ç¡ãã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°Žã¯ãªã³è質ã®éãééã§ããããããšã¯å¥ã«ããã£ãšå€§éã«ãæ°Žååãšäžéšã®(黿°çã«)äžæ§å°åå(ã°ãªã»ããŒã«ãªã©)ã ããééãããã£ãã«ããããã¢ã¯ã¢ããªã³(aquaporinãAQP)ãšãããã¢ã¯ã¢ããªã³ã¯ãæ°Žåå以å€ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²äžã®ã€ãªã³ã¯é®æããã(ã°ãªã»ããŒã«ã®ééã«ã€ããŠã¯ã â» åèæç®: â» åèæç®: LODISHãªã©èãåå现èçç©åŠ ç¬¬7çãã翻蚳åºç:æ±äº¬ååŠå人ã翻蚳:ç³æµŠç« äžãªã©ã2016幎第7çã415ããŒãž)",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èµ€è¡çãè
èã®çŽ°å°¿ç®¡äžç®çްèãªã©ã«ã¢ã¯ã¢ããªã³ã¯ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãœããã«ãšã«ã®åµã«ã¯ã¢ã¯ã¢ããªã³ãç¡ããããæ°Žãééãããäœèª¿æ¶²ã®äžã§ãèšåŒµããªãã(ããæ£ç¢ºã«ãããšãã«ãšã«ã®åµã«ããã¢ã¯ã¢ããªã³ãšåœ¢ã®äŒŒãé«ååããããããããããã®é«ååããæ°Žãééããäœçšããããªãã(â» åèæç®: â» åèæç®: LODISHãªã©èãåå现èçç©åŠ ç¬¬7çãã翻蚳åºç:æ±äº¬ååŠå人ã翻蚳:ç³æµŠç« äžãªã©ã2016幎第7çã415ããŒãž) ãã®ãããæ¥æ¬ã®é«æ ¡çç©ã®æç§æžã§ã¯ããã®ã«ãšã«åµã«ããé«ååã¯ãã¢ã¯ã¢ããªã³ã§ã¯ãªãããšåé¡ãããŠããã )",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¢ã¯ã¢ããªã³ãçºèŠããããŒã¿ãŒ ã¢ã°ã¬ã2003幎ã®ããŒãã«ååŠè³ãåè³ããã",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å现èçç©ãéãŸã£ãŠããããã1ã€ã®åäœã®ãããªç©ãäœã£ãŠç掻ããŠããå Žåãããã现è矀äœ(ãããŒã ãããããcell colony)ãšããã 现è矀äœã®çç©ã«ã¯ãã¯ã³ã·ã§ãŠã¢ããŠãŒããªãããã«ããã¯ã¹ãããã ãã«ããã¯ã¹(ãªãªãã²ãã¯ãª)ã¯ãã¯ã©ããã¢ãã¹ã®ãããªçްèãæ°çŸåããã€ãŸã£ã矀äœã§ããã",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã«ããã¯ã¹ã§ã¯ãåãã®åæ¥åãèµ·ããŠãããå
åæããã现èãææ§çæ®ãããçæ®çŽ°èãç¡æ§çæ®ãããçæ®çŽ°èãªã©ã忥ãããŠããã 现èã©ããã¯å圢質ã®ç³žã§é£çµ¡ããã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现è矀äœã®åæ¥åããå€çްèçç©ã®åšå®ã«äŒŒãŠããç¹ããããããã矀äœã¯ãã»ãã®çްèãšå¥ããŠããæ é€ããããã°çããŠãããç¹ãç°ãªãã",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŸåšã®å€çްèçç©ã®èµ·æºã¯ãããããããã®ãããªçްè矀äœã§ããããšãã説ããDNAãªã©ååã®ç³»çµ±ã®è§£æããæåã§ããã",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¿ããã³ãªã«ãã¯ãå现èçç©ãšå€çްèçç©ã®ãäž¡æ¹ã®ç¹åŸŽããã€ãã¿ããã³ãªã«ãã®äžçã«ã¯ãå现èçç©ã®ææãšãå€çްèçç©ã®ææãããã芪ã®åå®äœããæŸåºãããèåãåºèœããã¢ã¡ãŒãã®ãããªå现èã®çç©ã«ãªããã¢ã¡ãŒãç¶ã®çްèã¯ã现èãªã©ãé£ã¹ãŠæé·ãããé£ã¹ç©ãç¡ããªããªã©ããŠçåãé£ãããªããšããã®ã¢ã¡ãŒãç¶ã®å现èã©ãããéåããŠäžã€ã®äœãã€ãããå°ããªãã¡ã¯ãžã®ããã«ãªã£ãŠãç§»åããã",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"tag": "p",
"text": "墿®ãããšãã¯ããã®ãç¶ã®åå®äœã圢æããŠãèåãæŸåºããã",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çç©ã®é²åã®ç ç©¶ã«ãã¿ããã³ãªã«ãããããçšãããããå现èçç©ããå€çްèçç©ãžã®é²åã®åèã«ãªãããšèããããŠããã",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹å®ã®æ©èœã圢æ
ã«åãããåã®çްèããæªåå()ã®çްèãšåŒã¶ã æªååã®çްèã¯ãããã ã®éšäœã«ãã£ãŠç¹å®ã®æ©èœã圢æ
ãæã€ããã«ãªãããããåå(differentiation)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååãã现èã¯ããããäžèŠåã«æ··ãã£ãŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã åã圢æ
ãæ©èœããã€çްèãèŠåçã«éãŸã£ãŠããããããçµç¹(tissue)ãšåŒã¶ã ãŸããããã€ãã®çš®é¡ã®çµç¹ãç¹å®ã®æ©èœãæããããã«éãŸã£ãŠããããããåšå®(organ)ãšåŒã¶ã ããã«ãããã®åšå®ãããã€ãéãŸã£ãŠ1ã€ã®çç©ãããªãã¡åäœ(individual)ã圢æããŠããã",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµç¹ã圢æãã现èã¯ãåãçš®é¡ã®çްèã©ããã§æ¥çããããããšãã°è€æ°ã®çµç¹ãåè§£ããããšã«å¹é€ãããšãåãçµç¹ã©ããã§éåãããã",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ€ç©ã®çµç¹ã¯ãåè£çµç¹(meristem)ãšæ°žä¹
çµç¹(permanent tissue)ãšã«åããããšãã§ããã",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åè£çµç¹ã«ã¯ãèé éšãæ ¹ç«¯éšã§ãããããªçްèãžã®ååãäŒžé·æé·ãè¡ãé 端åè£çµç¹(ã¡ãããã ã¶ããã€ããããapical meristem)ãç¶ç®¡æã®å
éšã§å°ç®¡ã垫管ãªã©ãžã®ååãè¥å€§æé·ãè¡ã圢æå±€(ãããããããcambium)ããããã",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°žä¹
çµç¹ã¯è¡šç®ç³»(epidermal system)ãç¶ç®¡æç³»(vascular system)ãåºæ¬çµç¹ç³»(ground tissue system)ã®3ã€ã®çµç¹ç³»ãããªãã",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"tag": "p",
"text": "衚ç®ç³»ã«ã¯ã衚ç®ãæ°åãæ ¹æ¯(root hair)ãªã©ãããã 衚ç®ã¯ãäžå±€ã®è¡šç®çްèãããªãã现èå£ã®è¡šé¢ãã¯ãã¯ã©()ãšåŒã°ããåºãå±€ãèŠã£ãŠãããå
éšãä¿è·ãããæ°Žã®èžçºãé²ãã§ããã æ°å(stoma)ã¯ãèãèã«ã¿ããã2ã€ã®å蟺现èã察ã«ãªã£ãŠã§ããŠãããèžæ£ãè¡ã£ãŠããã æ ¹æ¯(root hair)ã¯ãæ ¹ã§æ°Žåãé€åã®åžåãè¡ã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¶ç®¡æç³»ã¯æšéš(xylem)ãšåž«éš(phloem)ãããªãã æšéšã«ã¯å°ç®¡(vessel)ãŸãã¯ä»®å°ç®¡(tracheid)ããããæ ¹ã§åžåãããæ°Žåãé€åã®éãéãšãªã£ãŠããã åž«éšã«ã¯åž«ç®¡(sieve tube)ããããèã§å
åæãããçæ°Žåç©ã®éãéãšãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"tag": "p",
"text": "衚ç®ç³»ãšç¶ç®¡æç³»ä»¥å€ã¯ãã¹ãŠåºæ¬çµç¹ç³»ãšåŒã°ããã èã§ã¯çްé·ã现èãå¯éããæµç¶çµç¹(ãããããããããpalisade parenchyma)ãããŸãã¯çްèã©ããã®éé(ãããŸ)ããããŠããŠæ°äœã®éãéãšãªã£ãŠããæµ·ç¶¿ç¶çµç¹(spongy tissue)ãªã©ãã¿ãããã èãæ ¹ã§ã¯äžå¿éšã§é€åã®è²¯èµãè¡ãé«(ãããpith)ããåšèŸºéšã§å
åæãè¡ã£ããåè§ã»åå£ãšãªãæ€ç©ãæ¯ããç®å±€(cortex)ãªã©ãã¿ãããã",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ã»ãŒç¯å²å€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åç©ã®çµç¹ã¯äžç®çµç¹(epithelium tissue)ãçµåçµç¹(connective tissue)ãççµç¹(muscle tissue)ãç¥çµçµç¹(neural tissue)ãããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžç®çµç¹ã¯äœã®å€é¢ãäœè¡šé¢ãæ¶å管ã®å
衚é¢ãªã©ãããã£ãŠããçµç¹ã§ãããå现èã¯çŽ°èæ¥ç(cell adhesion)ã«ããçµåãããäœå
ã®çµç¹ãä¿è·ããŠãããæ¯ã»ã€ãã»çŸœæ¯ãªã©ãäžç®çµç¹ã§ãããäžç®çµç¹ã«ã¯ç®èã®è¡šç®(epidermis)ãå°è
žã®å
å£ãªã©ã®åžåäžç®ãæ¯çްè¡ç®¡()ãæ±è
ºã»èè
ºãªã©ã®è
ºäžç®ããªã©ããããããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 145,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµåçµç¹ã¯çµç¹ãåšå®ã®éãæºãããŠãããããçµåãããæ¯æãããããã骚(Bone)ãè
±(tendon)ãè¡æ¶²(blood)ãç®èã®çç®(dermis)ãªã©ãçµåçµç¹ã§ããã çµåçµç¹ã®åé¡ã§ã¯ã倧ããåé¡ãããšãè 質æ§(ãããã€ãã)çµåçµç¹ãç¹ç¶æ§çµåçµç¹ã骚çµç¹ãè»éªšçµç¹ãè¡æ¶²ãªã©ã«åé¡ãããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"tag": "p",
"text": "骚(⻠硬骚(ãããã€))ã¯éªšçµç¹ã§ããã骚çµç¹ã¯ãªã³é
žã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãšã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãªã©ãåºè³ªãšããŠã§ããŠããã骚ã®åºè³ªã骚åºè³ªãšããã垰宀äœå
ã®çµç¹ãåšå®ãæ¯æããŠããã骚现èããã€ã骚質äžã«è¡ç®¡ãšç¥çµã®éãããŒããŒã¹ç®¡ãäœæ¬ãæã¡ããã®ãŸããã«éªšçްèãããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 147,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è»éªšã¯ã«ã«ã·ãŠã ã«ä¹ããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 148,
"tag": "p",
"text": "骚ã®ãã¡ãã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãè±å¯ãªã®ã¯ã硬骚ã®ã»ãã§ããã髿 ¡çç©ã§ã¯ã硬骚ã®ããšãåã«ã骚ããšãã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 149,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è»éªšã¯è»éªšçµç¹ã§ãããè»éªšè³ªãšè»éªšçްèããã§ããŠããã匟åãããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 150,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è
±(ãã)ã¯ç¹ç¶æ§çµåçµç¹ã§ãããè
±ã¯éªšãšçèãã€ãªãåãããããèèªçްèãç¹ç¶æ§çµåçµç¹ã§ãããè¡æ¶²ã¯ãè¡ããã(plasma)ãšè¡ç(blood cell)ãããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 151,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è 質æ§(ãããã€ãã)çµåçµç¹ã«ã¯ããžãã®ç·ããããè 質æ§(ãããã€ãã)çµåçµç¹ã®åºè³ªã¯ãŒã©ãã³ç¶ã§ããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 152,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 153,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ççµç¹ã¯çèã圢äœãç¹ç¶ç¶ã®çµç¹ã§ãããçèã¯äŒžã³ããçž®ãã ããããéªšæ Œãåããéªšæ Œç(skeletal muscle)ãå¿èãåããå¿ç(cardiac muscle)ã¯æšªçŽç(striated muscle)ã§æ§æãããå
èãåããå
èç(visceral muscle)ã¯å¹³æ»ç(smooth muscle)ã§æ§æãããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 154,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¹³æ»çã¯ãäžã€ã®ç¹ç¶ãäžã€ã®çްèã§ãããäžã€ã®æ žããã¡ãç¹ç¶ã¯çŽ¡é圢ãããŠãããå¹³æ»çã¯äžéæçã§ããæå¿ã§ã¯åãã¯å€ãããªããå¹³æ»çã®åçž®é床ã¯ããããæç¶æ§ããããç²åŽãã«ãããå¹³æ»çã«ã暪ããŸã¯ãªãã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 155,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éªšæ Œçã¯åçž®é床ã倧ãããç²åŽãããããéªšæ Œçã¯æå¿ã§åãããéæçã§ãããéªšæ Œçã«ã¯æšªçŽãããã®ã§ã暪çŽçã«åé¡ãããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 156,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¿çã¯äžéæçã§ãããæå¿ã§ã¯åãã¯å€ãããªããå¿çã«ã¯æšªçŽãããã®ã§ã暪çŽçã«åé¡ãããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 157,
"tag": "p",
"text": "暪çŽçã«ã¯ææã®æšªããŸããããããããèŠããã»ããæåž¯ãšãããæãèŠããã»ããæåž¯ãšãããã¢ã¯ãã³ãšããªã·ã³ãšãã2çš®é¡ã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªããã§ããŠãããæåž¯ã®äžå€®ã¯Zèã§ä»åãããŠããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 158,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 159,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¥çµçµç¹ã¯ãã¥ãŒãã³(neuron)ãšãã现èã§æ§æãããŠããããã¥ãŒãã³ã¯æ žã®ãã现èäœ(cell body)ãšã现èäœãã䌞ã³ãäžæ¬ã®é·ã軞玢(ãããããaxon)ã现èäœããçãæåããããæš¹ç¶çªèµ·(ãã
ããããšã£ããdendrite)ãããªãã軞玢ã«ã¯éãã€ããŠãããç¥çµé(ããããããã)ãšãããç¥çµéã¯æ žãæã£ãŠãããã·ã¥ã¯ã³çްèãšããäžã€ã®çްèã§ããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 160,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¥ãŒãã³å
ãä¿¡å·ãäŒããæ¹åã¯ã现èäœã®ã»ãããå§ãŸããè»žçŽ¢ã®æ«ç«¯ãžãšä¿¡å·ãåããããã¥ãŒãã³å
ã®ä¿¡å·äŒéã®æ¹æ³ã¯é»æ°ã«ãããã®ã§ããã现èèãšãããªãŠã ãã³ããªã©ã®ã€ãªã³ã®åãã«ãããã®ã§ããããã®ãããäžè¬ã®éå±å°ç·ãªã©ã®é»æ°åè·¯ãšã¯éãããã¥ãŒãã³ã§ã®ä¿¡å·ã®æ¹åã¯äžæ¹åã«ããäŒãããªãã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 161,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã€ã®ãã¥ãŒãã³ã®è»žçŽ¢ã®å
端ãšãä»ã®ãã¥ãŒãã³ãšã®éã®æ¥åéšãã·ããã¹ãšãããäžã€ã®ç¥çµã®ä¿¡å·ã¯ãã·ããã¹ãçµãŠãã€ãã®ç¥çµãžãšäŒããããŸããç¥çµãšçèãšã®éã®ããšãã·ããã¹ãšããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 162,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã·ããã¹ã«ã¯ãå°ããªéé(ãããŸããããã)ããããã·ããã¹éé(ãããã)ãšããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 163,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã·ããã¹ããæ¬¡ã®ãã¥ãŒãã³ãžãšä¿¡å·ãäŒããæ¹æ³ã¯ãååŠç©è³ªã®åæ³ã«ããããã®ã·ããã¹ã§ã®åæ³ç©ãç¥çµäŒéç©è³ªãšãããè»žçŽ¢ã®æ«ç«¯ããåæ³ããããã«ã¢ãã¬ããªã³ãã¢ã»ãã«ã³ãªã³ãåæ³ããããè»žçŽ¢ã®æ«ç«¯ã«ã·ããã¹å°è(ãããã»ã)ãšããèšããã éšåããããããã«äŒéç©è³ªãå«ãŸããŠãããååãåŽã§ããæ¬¡ã®ãã¥ãŒãã³ã®çްèèã«ã¯ãäŒéç©è³ªãåãåãå容äœãããããã®ããå容äœãšäŒéç©è³ªãåå¿ããŠãä¿¡å·ã次ã®ãã¥ãŒãã³ã«äŒããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 164,
"tag": "p",
"text": "亀æç¥çµã®æ«ç«¯ããã¯ãã«ã¢ãã¬ããªã³ãåæ³ããããå¯äº€æç¥çµã®æ«ç«¯ããã¯ã¢ã»ãã«ã³ãªã³ãåæ³ããããçèãåããç¥çµã§ããéåç¥çµã®æ«ç«¯ããã¯ã¢ã»ãã«ã³ãªã³ãåæ³ãããã",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 165,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç¯å²å€: åç©ã®çµç¹"
}
] | é«çåŠæ ¡çç© > çç©I > 现è | <small> [[é«çåŠæ ¡çç©]] > çç©I > 现è </small>
== å°å
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=== 现èã®æ©èœãšæ§é ===
==== 现èã®åºæ¬æ§é ====
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ç®åã®æåã«ã¯ãè§£æåŠåºç€/ããä»ããããšãæšå¥šãããŸãã",
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] | ãã®æ¬ã¯en:Calculusã翻蚳ããããšã«ããäœæãããŠããŸããããéäžã§æŸæ£ããã翻蚳ã«ããèšäºãšæ°èŠå·çããããã®ãæ··ãã£ãŠããŸãããŸã ãŸã æªå®æã§ãã®ã§ãæ°èŠç¿»èš³ã»æ°èŠå·çãšãã«æè¿ãããŸãã æ°ããããŒãžãäœããšãã®ãåé
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*[[/åžžåŸ®åæ¹çšåŒ|åžžåŸ®åæ¹çšåŒ]]
*[[/ååŸ®åæ¹çšåŒ|ååŸ®åæ¹çšåŒ]]
*[[/ããŒãªãšå€æ|ããŒãªãšå€æ]]
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== å€éšãªã³ã¯==
*[http://www.math.wisc.edu/~keisler/calc.html Elementary Calculus: An Approach Using Infinitesimals] a free text
*[http://www.math.umn.edu/~garrett/calculus/ First-Year Calculus Notes] a GPL'd text
*[http://math.furman.edu/~dcs/book/ Difference Equations to Differential Equations: An Introduction to Calculus] another GPL'd text
[[Category:è§£æåŠ|*]] | 2005-03-25T03:11:47Z | 2024-03-15T20:29:50Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:åä¿è·S",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Pathnav"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E |
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ããããçŽæçã«ã¯ xãå°ããéžã¹ã°ãgã¯ãããã§ã倧ããã§ãããšããããšãåããã§ããããäŸãã°ã g(x) ã 10 ã«ããããã°ãxã 10ã«åãã°ããã®ã§ãã ãã®å Žåã xãåå 0 ã«è¿ã(ããããxâ 0 ã§ããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã)åãã°ãg(x) ããããã§ã倧ããã§ããŸãã
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ãã®èšæ³ã¯ã極éã®èšæ³ã«åãããã ãã®ãã®ã§ãå®éã«ã¯ x = 0 ã§ã®æ¥µéã¯ååšããªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ãããâ ãšããæ¥µéãååšããããã§ã¯ãããŸããããâã¯æ°ã§ã¯ãããŸããã
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ãå®çŸ©ããŸãããã¡ãã x=3 ã§ãx+3=6 ã§ãããããŸãšããŠãg(x) = x+3ãšæžãããšãã§ããŸããx=3 ã§ãå®çŸ©ãããŠããã®ã§ã f(x) ãšã¯å¥ã®é¢æ°ã§ããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã f(x) ã® x=3 ã§ã®æ¥µéã§ãã 6 ã g(3) ã®å€ãšããŠãé£ç¶ãªé¢æ°ã«ãªããŸããã æç颿°ã§ã¯ããã®ãããªäžé£ç¶æ§ã®é€å»ãå¯èœã§ãã忝ã0ã«ãªããªããšãã¯ããã®ãããªæäœã«ãããªããŠãé£ç¶é¢æ°ãåŸãããšãã§ããŸãã忝ã 0 ã«ãªããšãã«ã0 ã§å²ããšããããšãé¿ããããã«ããããã£ãæ°ãã颿° g(x) ãçšæããå¿
èŠããããŸãã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿°ã®é
ç®ã§ã颿°ã«ã€ããŠã®åŸ©ç¿ãããŸãããããã§ã¯ãè§£æåŠã®æ ¹æ¬ãšãªã極é(limit)ã®æŠå¿µãåŠã³ãŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿° f(x) = xãèããŸãããã®é¢æ°ã¯ãf(2)=4 ãšãªããŸãããã®é¢æ°ãå°ãããã£ãŠæ¬¡ã®ãããªé¢æ°ãèããŠã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®é¢æ°ã¯ x â 2 ã®æã§ã¯ãæåã«å®çŸ©ãã颿° f(x) = x ãšåãå€ãåããŸãããšããã x = 2 ã®æã§ã¯ã忝ã0ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã®ã§é¢æ°ã®å€ã¯å®çŸ©ãããŠããŸããã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "x â 2ã§ããå®çŸ©ãããŠããªã颿°ã§ãããäžã€ã ã確ããªäºããããŸããããã¯ãx ã 2ã«è¿ä»ãããš f(x)ã®å€ã 4ã«è¿ä»ããšããããšã§ãããã®äºã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šçŸããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f(x)ã® x=2ã§ã®å€ãèããŠããããã§ã¯ãªããx=2ã®è¿ãã§ã®å€ãèããŠããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ãããä»ã®äŸã§ã¯ãx=2ã¯ã颿°ãå®çŸ©ãããŠããªãç¹ã§ãããã颿°ãå®çŸ©ãããŠããç¹ x=15ã x=1000000ã§ãåãäºãèããããŸããxãããå€ã«è¿ä»ããæã«ãf(x)ããã©ã®ãããªåããèŠããã?ãšããåé¡ã§ããxãcã«è¿ä»ãããšããå¿
ããf(x)ãLã«è¿ä»ãå ŽåããLã¯xãcã«è¿ä»ããæã®é¢æ°f(x)ã®æ¥µéã§ãããããšãããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "xã c ã«è¿ä»ããæã® f(x)ã®æ¥µéã Lã§ãããšããããšãæ°åŒã§",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šçŸããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹°ãè¿ãã«ãªããŸãããx=cã§ã® f(x)ã®å€ãèããŠããããã§ã¯ãªããxãcã«è¿ä»ããæã® f(x)ã®å€ã«æ³šç®ããŠããã®ã§ãx=cã§f(x)ãå®çŸ©ãããŠãããã©ããã¯é¢ä¿ãããŸãããçŽæçã«ã¯ãxãcã«éããªãè¿ä»ããŠãã£ãæã«ãf(x)㯠Lã«éããªãè¿ã¥ããŠãããšããããšã§ãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æ¥µéã®æŠå¿µã¯ããããŸã§è¡šçŸãã«ããã£ãç¯å²ã§ã®é¢æ°ã®æ§è³ªã衚çŸã§ããããã«ãªããŸããäŸãã° é¢æ° f(x) = 1/xã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ãŸãããã®é¢æ°ã¯ xã倧ãããªãã°ãªãã»ã©ã1/xã¯å°ãããªã£ãŠããã0ã«è¿ä»ããŠãããŸãã1/x ã 0ã«ãªããšããããšã¯ãããŸããã®ã§ãããã衚çŸããããšã¯é£ããã§ããããããæ¥µéãšããèšèãçšããããšã«ãã£ãŠãxãéããªã倧ãããããšãã«ã1/xã®æ¥µé㯠0ã§ãããšããããšãã§ããããã«ãªããŸããéããªã倧ããªæ°ãšããæ°ã¯ãããŸããããxãéããªã倧ããããæã« xãã©ã®æ°ã«èŸ¿ãã€ãã®ã?ãšããå¿é
ãããå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸãããéèŠãªã®ã¯ãxãã©ããããšãã« f(x)ãã©ã®ããã«æ¯ãèãã?ã§ãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "xãéããªã倧ãããããšããããšã x â âã®ããã«è¡šããŸãããã®æã1/xã0ã«è¿ä»ããŠãããšããããšãæ°åŒã§æžããš",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è§£æåŠãçè§£ããäžã§æåã®é£é¢ã¯æ¥µéã®å®çŸ©ãçè§£ããããšã§ãã äœãç¡ãæä»£ãè³¢ãæ°åŠè
éã§ãããæ¥µéã«ãã£ããããå®çŸ©ãäžãããŸã§ã«150幎ãã®æ³æãè²»ãããŸããã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ®ã©ã®å Žåãæ¥µéã®å®çŸ©ã¯ãçŽæçãªãã®ã§ç¹ã«åé¡ãããŸããã ããããéããªãè¿ä»ããšã¯ã©ãããããšã§ãããã? ã©ã®ããã«è¿ä»ãããéããªãè¿ä»ããããšã«ãªãã®ã§ãããã? äŸãã°æ¬¡ã®é¢æ°ã®æ¥µéã¯ã©ããªãã§ãããã?",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽæã§ã¯f(0) = 0/0ã ãšæããããããŸããããããããã®æ¥µé㯠1ã§ãããã®ããã«çŽæãšæ°åŠçãªçããç°ãªãå Žåãæ°åŠçãªçãã§çŽåŸããã«ã¯ã©ããããããã§ãããã?",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(ã€ãã·ãã³ã»ãã«ã¿è«æ³)",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»»æã®æ£ã®æ°Îµã«å¯Ÿããããæ°ÎŽãååšã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã°",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããšããLã¯ãxãcã«è¿ä»ããæã® f(x)ã®æ¥µé(limit)ãšãããŸãã ãŸãããã®ããã«ãäžçåŒãšä»»æã®æ°Îµããããæ°ÎŽãçšããŠãäžè¿°ã®åŒã§æ¥µéãå®çŸ©ããæ¹æ³ããã³ããã®å®çŸ©åŒãåºã«è§£æåŠãªã©ã§ã®ä»ã®å®çã蚌æããè«æ³ãã€ãã·ãã³ã»ãã«ã¿è«æ³(ε-ÎŽ logic)ãšèšããŸããäžè¬çã«ã¯ããε-ÎŽè«æ³ããšç¥èšããŸãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽæçãªå®çŸ©ãšã圢åŒçãªå®çŸ©ã®éã®éããçè§£ããããšã¯ãšãŠãéèŠã§ããçŽæçãªå®çŸ©ã§ã¯f(x)ã¯Lã«è¿ããšè¡šçŸããéšåãã圢åŒçãªå®çŸ©ã§ã¯f(x)ãšLã®å·®ã¯ãä»»æã®æ£ã®æ°Îµãããå°ããããšãªã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³å¯ãªæ°åŠçè°è«ãããéã«ã¯ãäžã«æãããããªãäžéè¿°èªè«çã®èšå·ã䜿ã£ã簡䟿ãªè¡šèšã䜿ãããšããããŸãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã â {\\displaystyle \\forall } ã¯å
šç§°èšå·(universal quantifier)ãšããããä»»æã®~ã«å¯ŸããŠããæå³ããèšå·ã§ãã â {\\displaystyle \\exists } ã¯ååšèšå·(existential quantifier)ãšãããããã~ãååšããããæå³ããèšå·ã§ãããs.t.ãã¯è±èªã®ãsuch thatãã®ç¥ã§ããã°ãã°ååšèšå·ãšçµã¿åãããŠçšããŸãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1)次ã®åŒã§ãε = 0.01ã®æãÎŽã¯ããã€ã«ãããè¯ãã§ãããã?",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãæåã«ã極éã®å®çŸ©ã®æåŸã®åŒã« f(x)㚠εã代å
¥ããŸãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããæŽçãããš",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸããæ¥µéã®å®çŸ©ã®æåã®åŒã«åœ¢ãåãããããã«å€åœ¢ããŸãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã|-0.04| ãš 0.04 ã®ãã¡å°ããæ¹ã ÎŽãšããŸãããã¡ããã0.04以äžã®æ£ã®æ°ã§ããã°äœãÎŽã«éžãã§ãæ§ããŸãããÎŽã«ã¯æ²¢å±±ã®éžã³æ¹ããããŸãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®çŸ©ã®åŒãããäžåºŠèªã¿è¿ããŠã¿ãŠãã ãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã°",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯æãç«ã£ãŠããŸãããε = 0.01ã«å¯ŸããŠã確ãã«ãå°ãªããšã1ã€ã®ÎŽãååšããŠããããšã«ãªããŸããÎŽ=0.03ãšåã£ãŠããÎŽ=0.00001ãšåã£ãŠã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2)xã4ã«è¿ä»ãããšãã®f(x) = x + 7 ã®æ¥µéã¯ããã€ã§ããã?",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªåé¡ã«çããå Žåã2ã®ããšãå¿
èŠã§ãããŸã第äžã«ããã®æ¥µéãããã€ã«ãªãããæ±ºããªããã°ãªããŸãããããã¯ãçŽæçãªæ¥µéã®å®çŸ©ã®ãšãã®ããã«ãçŽæãæšæž¬ã圹ç«ã€éšåã§ãããã®åŸããã®æ°ã極éãšãªãããšã蚌æããªããã°ãªããŸããããã®åé¡ã§ã¯ãçãã¯11ã§ããã11ã«ãªãããšããæ¥µéã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©ãçšããŠããããæ¥µéãšãªãããšã蚌æããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã§ãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽæç: xã4ã«è¿ä»ãããšãf(x) = x + 7ã¯4 + 7 = 11ã«è¿ä»ãã®ã§ã極éã¯11ãšèšãããã§ãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "圢åŒç: ä»»æã®Îµã«å¯ŸããŠãÎŽãååšããŠ",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã°",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åé¡ã«é¢ããŠèšãã°ãÎŽ = εãšåãã°åé¡ãããŸããã(ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹ã«é¢ããŠã¯ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹ãåç
§ããŠãã ããã)ãããŠæ¬¡ã®ããšã蚌æããªããã°ãªããŸããã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã°",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã®ã§",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªããã¡ãŸããããã§åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©ã«æ²¿ã£ã蚌æãã§ããŸããã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "3)xã4ã«è¿ä»ããæã® f(x) = x2ã®æ¥µéã¯ããã€ã§ããã?",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "圢åŒç: ãŸã2ã€ã®æé ãèžã¿ãŸãããçŽæçãªæ¹æ³ã§ f(x)ã®æ¥µé㯠16ã ãããšäºæ³ãã§ãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããã«ÎŽãåããŸãããã®ÎŽã¯åžžã«0ãã倧ããäºã確èªããŠãã ããã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšã¯",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã°",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããšã瀺ãã°ããããšã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§äžçåŒãçšããããšã«ãã£ãŠ",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã®ã§",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã蚌æãçµãããŸããã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "4) xã 0ã«è¿ä»ãããšãã®sin(1/x)ã®æ¥µéãååšããªãããšã瀺ããŸãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èçæ³ãçšããŸããæ¥µéãååšãããšä»®å®ãããããpãšãççŸãå°ããŸããp < 0ã§ãããªãã°Îµ=1ãšãšããšãã©ã㪠Ύ > 0ãæã£ãŠããŠãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãšããšãã 0 < | x n | < ÎŽ {\\displaystyle 0<|x_{n}|<\\delta } ãæºãããããªèªç¶æ°nãååšããŸãããããã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸããããε=1ã®ãšãã圢åŒçãªå®çŸ©ã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºãããããªÎŽã¯äžã€ãååšããªãããšã«ãªããæ¥µéãå®çŸ©ã§ããªãããšã«ãªããŸãã®ã§ççŸãšããããšã«ãªããŸãããããã£ãŠãp <0ã§ã¯ãããŸããã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "p ⥠0ã§ãããšä»®å®ããå Žåãåæ§ã«ãε=1ã®ãšã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãšããšãã 0 < | x n | < ÎŽ {\\displaystyle 0<|x_{n}|<\\delta } ãæºãããããªèªç¶æ°nãååšã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³ã¡ p < 0ã§ããªãã p ⥠0ã§ããããŸããããæ¥µépã¯ååšããªãããšã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®é¢æ° sin(1/x)ã¯ãäœçžæ°åŠè
ã®æ«(topologist's comb)ãšããŠç¥ãããæåãªé¢æ°ã§ãã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "5)xã0ã«è¿ä»ãããšããx sin(1/x)ã®æ¥µéã¯ã©ããªãã§ãããã?",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯0ã«ãªããŸããä»»æã®Îµ > 0ã«å¯ŸããŠã ÎŽ = ε ãšéžã¶ãš ä»»æã®xã«å¯ŸããŠã0 < |x| < ÎŽãªãã° |x sin(1/x) -0| †|x| < εãšãªãã蚌æãçµãããŸããã",
"title": "極éã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è»ã®é転ãäŸã«ãšããŸããèµ°è¡è·é¢ãæéã«æ¯äŸããè»ã«ä¹ã£ãŠãããšããŸããæéãæšªè»žã«ãšããèµ°è¡è·é¢ã瞊軞ã«åã£ãŠã°ã©ããæãã°çŽç·ãæžããŸãããã®è»ã®éããæ±ããããšãã¯ãèµ°è¡è·é¢Ã·æéãèšç®ããããšã«ããç°¡åã«æ±ãŸããŸããããã¯ãã°ã©ãã§èšãã°ãçŽç·ã®åŸãã«ããããŸãã",
"title": "極éãã埮åãž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããæ®éã¯è»ãšãããã®ã¯éããªã£ããé
ããªã£ããããŠèµ°ããããã°ã©ãã¯çŽç·ã«ã¯ãªãããéããæ±ããããšã¯é£ãããªããŸãã ããã§ãç¬éã§ã®éããšãããã®ãæ±ãããšããããšãããŸããéããæ±ããã«ã¯äºç¹å¿
èŠã§ããäºã€ã®æå»ã§ã®äœçœ®ããéããæ±ããŸããã°ã©ãã§èšããšãã°ã©ãäžã®äºç¹ãåããã®äºç¹ãçµã¶çŽç·ã®åŸããæ±ãããšããããšã«ãªããŸããããã¯ããã®äºç¹éã§ã®å¹³åã®éããæ±ãããšããããšã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "極éãã埮åãž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§åŸ®å(derivation)ã®åºæ¬çãªèãæ¹ã«è¡ãçããŸãã ãã®äºç¹éãéããªãè¿ä»ããæã«ãå¹³åã®éããã©ããªãããèããŸããã€ãŸãã2ã€ã®ç¹ããšãå¹³åã®éããæ±ãããã®äºç¹éãã2ã€ã®ç¹ãéžã³å¹³åã®éããæ±ããããã«ãã®äºç¹éãã2ã€ã®ç¹ãéžã³ãå¹³åã®éããæ±ã...ãšããããšãç¹°ãè¿ããŠãäºç¹éã®è·é¢ãéããªãè¿ä»ããæã«ãå¹³åã®éã(çŽç·ã®åŸã)ã®æ¥µéãã©ããªãããšããããšãèŠãŠãããŸãã",
"title": "極éãã埮åãž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®é
ç®ã§ã¯é¢æ°ã®é
ç®ã§çŽæçã«è¿°ã¹ãé£ç¶æ§ã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©ãããŸãããšãŠãç°¡åãªå®çŸ©ã§ãã",
"title": "é£ç¶æ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f(x)ã cã§é£ç¶(continuous)ã§ãããšã¯ã",
"title": "é£ç¶æ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ããšãšããŸãã",
"title": "é£ç¶æ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿°ããæ¥µéã cã§å®çŸ©ã§ããªãã£ããããã®çåŒãæãç«ããªãå Žåãfã¯cã§é£ç¶ã«ã¯ãªããªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã",
"title": "é£ç¶æ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é£ç¶æ§ã®çŽæçãªèãæ¹ãšã©ã®ããã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããã®ããèããŠã¿ãŠãã ãããé£ç¶æ§ãçè§£ããããã«ã颿°ã®ã°ã©ããæããŠèããŠã¿ãŠãã ããããããããåºéå
ã®ã©ãã§ãããã®çåŒãæãç«ã£ãŠãããªãã°ããã®åºéå
ã§ã¯éçãé¢ããã«ã°ã©ãããªããããšãã§ããããšãããããŸããéã«ãéäžã§é¢æ°fã®å€ãé£ãã§ããããããšããã®å Žæã§å®çŸ©ã®çåŒã¯æãç«ã¡ãŸããããéçãé¢ããã«ã°ã©ãããªããããšãã§ããŸããã",
"title": "é£ç¶æ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "é£ç¶æ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯æ¥µéã§ããããšã®èšŒæãããæ¥µéå€ãã¿ã€ãããšããããšã«æ³šç®ããŸãããããŸã§ã®èšŒæã§ãããŸãæåã«ã極éã®å€ãèŠã€ããããšããå§ããŸãããã©ããã£ãŠæ¥µéå€ãèŠã€ããã®ã§ããã?",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿°ãããç¹cã§é£ç¶ã§ãããªãã°ãé£ç¶æ§ã®å®çŸ©ããç¹cã«è¿ä»ããæã®é¢æ°ã®å€ã®æ¥µéã¯ãåã«cã§ã®é¢æ°ã®å€ã«çãããªããŸããå€é
åŒãäžè§é¢æ°ã察æ°é¢æ°ãææ°é¢æ°ãªã©ã¯ããã®å®çŸ©åå
šäœã§é£ç¶ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿°f(x)ãcã§é£ç¶ã§ãªãå Žåãæç颿°ã ãš c ã®è¿ãã§ã¯é£ç¶ã§ãcã®æã ããå€ç«ããŠäžé£ç¶ã«ãªã£ãŠããäºãå€ãã§ãããããã£ãå Žåã¯ãcãé€ããŠå€ãäžèŽãããããªã䌌ããããªé¢æ°g(x)ãèŠã€ããããšæãããšããããŸããæ¥µéã®å®çŸ©ãããããšãxãcã«è¿ä»ããæã®æ¥µéãååšãããªãã°",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºãããªããã°ãªããŸããã ãã®ãããªå Žåãäžé£ç¶ã«ãªã£ãŠããç¹ã®éšåãåããŠãå
ã®é¢æ°ã«è¿ãé£ç¶ãªé¢æ°ãæ¢ããããªããŸããé£ç¶ã®å®çŸ©ã«ããã°ãcã§ã®å€ããå
ã®é¢æ°ã®cã§ã®æ¥µéã«äžèŽããªããã°ãªããŸããã",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿° g(x) ã¯ãcãé€ããŠãf(x)ãšçãã颿°ã§ãã f(x) ã®æ¥µéã®å®çŸ©ã¯ã0 < |x - c| < ÎŽ ãšããéåã®äžã§ãããŠããŸãããx = cã®æããã®äžçåŒã¯æãç«ããªãã®ã§ãcã§ã®æ¥µéã¯cã§ã®é¢æ°ã®å€ã«ãããŸããã ãããã£ãŠãc ã§ã®æ¥µé㯠f(x) ãš g(x) ã§çãããªããŸããã€ãŸããæ°ãã颿° g(x) ã¯é£ç¶ãªã®ã§ãcã§ã®å€ã¯ããã®æ¥µéã«çãããªããã°ãããªãã®ã§ãã",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåŸã«ã極éå€ãååšããªãäŸãããã€ããããŠãããŸãã",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ã£ãã: 颿°ãå®çŸ©ãããŠããªãå Žæã«(åºã)ã®ã£ãããããããšããããŸããäŸãã°",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãf (x) 㯠-4 †x †4 ã§ã¯å®çŸ©ãããŠããªããšãããã®åºéã«å«ãŸããç¹ã«ã¯è¿ä»ãããããããŸãããåºéã®ç«¯ç¹ x = ±4 ã§ã極éãååšããªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ãããæ¥µéãååšããããã«ã¯ãäž¡åŽãããã®ç¹ã«è¿ä»ãå¿
èŠããããŸããã°ã©ãäžã§å€ç«ããç¹ãªã©ã§ã¯æ¥µéãååšããªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "段差: ã°ã©ããéåããŠæ¥ã«é«ããå€ãããããªå Žåã§ãããã®ãããªç¹ã§ã颿°ã¯é£ç¶ã§ã¯ãããŸããããæ¥µéãååšããŸãããåº(floor)颿°ã®ãããªã°ã©ãã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çºæ£:",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "xã 0 ã«è¿ä»ãããšãå€ããããã§ã倧ãããªããŸãããã®å Žåãæ¥µéå€ã¯ãããŸããã",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¯å: ããã°ã©ãããx軞ã«å¹³è¡ãªç·ãšäœåºŠã亀ãããäžãžè¡ã£ããäžã«è¡ã£ãããç¹°ãè¿ããããªå Žåã§ãã å®éã«ããèµ·ãããæ¥µéãç¡ãããšããããããŸããã°ã©ãã¯ããxã®å€ã«è¿ä»ãããšããŠããç¡éã«äžäžéåãç¹°ãè¿ããŸãã ããããªãããxãè¿ä»ããã«ã€ããæ¯åã®é«ã(æ·±ã)ãéããªãå°ãããªã£ãŠããæã¯æ¥µéãååšããŸãã ãã䜿ãããæ¯åã®äŸãšããŠãäžè§é¢æ°ãçšãããã®ããããŸããæ¥µéã®ç¡ãæ¯åã®äŸãšããŠ",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãã颿°ãèããããŸãã",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "sin 颿°ã®ã°ã©ãã¯ãç¡éã«æ¯åããŸãããã®æ¯åã®èµ·ãã£ãŠãã (1, â) ãšããåºéã 1/x ãšãã倿ãçšã㊠(0, 1) ã«å
¥ããŸãããããšããã®æéåºéã®äžã«ãç¡éåã®æ¯åãè©°ã蟌ãããšãã§ããããã«ãªããŸããå®éããã® f(x) ã§ x ã 0 ã«è¿ä»ããŠãããšãç¡éåã®æ¯åãèµ·ãããŸãã",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç
çãªã°ã©ã: ããã§ã¯ 2 ã€ã®äŸãèããŸãã",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã f ã ä»»æã®æçæ°qã«å¯Ÿã宿° f(q)=2 ãåãå Žåãf ã¯ãä»»æã® q0 ã§é£ç¶ã«ãªããŸããä»»æã« ε > 0 ãåããšãä»»æã® ÎŽ > 0 ã«å¯Ÿãã 0< |q-q0| < ÎŽ ãæºãã q 㯠| f(q) â f(q0) | = |2â2| = 0 < ε ãæºãããŸãããããã£ãŠã f 㯠q0 ã§é£ç¶ã§ãã",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2 ã€ç®ã®äŸãšããŠã 次ã®ãããªé¢æ°ãèããŸãã",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
çšå®çŸ©ããã f ãšäŒŒãŠããŸãããä»åºŠã¯ç¡çæ°ã®æã¯ 0 ãšããå€ãåãããã«å®çŸ©ãããŠããŸããgã«ã¯é£ç¶ãªç¹ã¯ãããŸããã x ã宿°ãšããŠã g ã x ã§é£ç¶ã§ãªãããšã瀺ããŸãã ε = 1 ãšããŸãã ãã g ã x ã§é£ç¶ãããšãããšã |x-y| < ÎŽ ãªãã° |g(x)â g(y)|<1 ãšãªããã㪠Ύãååšããçã§ãããããã ÎŽ ãã©ããªã«å°ãããšã£ãŠãã |g(x) â g(y)|=2 ãšãªããã㪠y ãååšããŸãã x ãæçæ°ãªãã°ã y ã«ç¡çæ°ããšãã x ãç¡çæ°ãªãã°ã y ã«æçæ°ãåãã°ããããã§ãããããã£ãŠã g ã¯å
šãŠã®å®æ°ã§é£ç¶ã§ã¯ãããŸããã",
"title": "極éãã¿ã€ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "lim x â c f ( x ) , lim x â c g ( x ) {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\rightarrow c}f(x),\\ \\lim _{x\\rightarrow c}g(x)} ãååšãããšãã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»®å®ããã lim x â c f ( x ) = α , lim x â c g ( x ) = β {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\rightarrow c}f(x)=\\alpha ,\\ \\lim _{x\\rightarrow c}g(x)=\\beta } ãšããããã®ãšãã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ε > 0 {\\displaystyle \\epsilon >0} ãä»»æã«åã£ãŠããã ε 2 > 0 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\epsilon }{2}}>0} ãããæ¥µéã®å®çŸ©ãããã宿° ÎŽ 1 , ÎŽ 2 {\\displaystyle \\delta _{1},\\delta _{2}} ãååšããŠ",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "0 < | x â c | < ÎŽ 1 â | f ( x ) â α | < ε 2 {\\displaystyle 0<|x-c|<\\delta _{1}\\Rightarrow |f(x)-\\alpha |<{\\frac {\\epsilon }{2}}}",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "0 < | x â c | < ÎŽ 2 â | g ( x ) â β | < ε 2 {\\displaystyle 0<|x-c|<\\delta _{2}\\Rightarrow |g(x)-\\beta |<{\\frac {\\epsilon }{2}}}",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "絶察å€ãå€ãã°ã â ε 2 < f ( x ) â α < ε 2 , â ε 2 < g ( x ) â β < ε 2 {\\displaystyle -{\\frac {\\epsilon }{2}}<f(x)-\\alpha <{\\frac {\\epsilon }{2}},\\ -{\\frac {\\epsilon }{2}}<g(x)-\\beta <{\\frac {\\epsilon }{2}}}",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠ â ε < f ( x ) + g ( x ) â ( α + β ) < ε ⺠| { f ( x ) + g ( x ) } â ( α + β ) | < ε {\\displaystyle -\\epsilon <f(x)+g(x)-(\\alpha +\\beta )<\\epsilon \\iff |\\{f(x)+g(x)\\}-(\\alpha +\\beta )|<\\epsilon }",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã ÎŽ = min ÎŽ 1 , ÎŽ 2 {\\displaystyle \\delta =\\min {\\delta _{1},\\delta _{2}}} ãšããã°äžã®åŒãæãç«ã€ãããªãã¡ãã宿° ÎŽ {\\displaystyle \\delta } ãååšããŠä»»æã® ε > 0 {\\displaystyle \\epsilon >0} ã«å¯Ÿã㊠0 < | x â c | < ÎŽ â | { f ( x ) + g ( x ) } â ( α + β ) | < ε . {\\displaystyle 0<|x-c|<\\delta \\Rightarrow |\\{f(x)+g(x)\\}-(\\alpha +\\beta )|<\\epsilon .}",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªãã¡2çªç®ã®åŒã蚌æãããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºãã颿°ãf(x), g(x), h(x) ããããx ã c ã«è¿ä»ããæã« f(x) ãš h(x) ã®æ¥µéãååšã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã°ã g(x) ã®æ¥µéãååšã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãããããã¯ãã¿ãã¡ã®åç(Squeeze theorem)ãšãããŸããããã¯ãããããªå Žé¢ã§äœ¿ãããŸãã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³å³ã®äžè§åœ¢ABCã«ãããŠâ ACBãçŽè§ãšããŸãã AC=AE=1ãšããC ãã E ãŸã§å匧ãæãããŠããŸãã E ãã AC ã«éãããåç·ã®è¶³ã D ã§ãã â BAC ã®å€§ããã x ãšããŸãã(匧床æ³ã§åäœã¯ã©ãžã¢ã³ã§ããx ã¯æ£ã§ããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã)",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããšãED = sin(x) ã BC = tan(x) ã§ããé¢ç©ãæ¯ã¹ããš",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããäžçåŒãåŸãããŸãããããæŽçããŠ",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŸã 0<x< Ï/2 ã§ããããã®äžçåŒã®å·ŠèŸºãšäžèŸºã¯å¶é¢æ°ãªã®ã§ããã®äžçåŒã¯ âÏ/2 < x <0ã§ãæãç«ã€ãšããããŸããå³ã¡ã 0<|x|<Ï/2ãšããåºéã§ãã®äžçåŒãèããŸãã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãx â 0 ãšãããšã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§ãã¯ãã¿ãã¡ã®åçãã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ãã¿ãã¡ã®åçèªäœãšãŠã䟿å©ãªéå
·ã§ããããã® sin(x) ãš x ã®æ¯ã 1 ã«åæãããšããäºå®ããšãŠã圹ã«ç«ã€éå
·ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããæ¡ä»¶ãããä»»æã® ε ã«å¯ŸããŠããã ÎŽ1 ã ÎŽ2 ãååšããŠã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸããÎŽ1 ã ÎŽ2ã®ãã¡å°ããæ¹(çãããã°ãã®å€)ã ÎŽãšããŸãã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã°",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããããšãã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãèšããŸãããã€ãŸããg(x) ã αã«åæããŸãã",
"title": "極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãããŠãx ãã0ã«è¿ã¥ãããšãã®æ¥µéã¯ã©ããªãã§ãããã?",
"title": "ç¡é倧 â ã«ã€ããŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ã忝ã 0 ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãããå®çŸ©ãããŠããŸããã",
"title": "ç¡é倧 â ã«ã€ããŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããçŽæçã«ã¯ xãå°ããéžã¹ã°ãgã¯ãããã§ã倧ããã§ãããšããããšãåããã§ããããäŸãã°ã g(x) ã 10 ã«ããããã°ãxã 10ã«åãã°ããã®ã§ãã ãã®å Žåã xãåå 0 ã«è¿ã(ããããxâ 0 ã§ããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã)åãã°ãg(x) ããããã§ã倧ããã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ç¡é倧 â ã«ã€ããŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã",
"title": "ç¡é倧 â ã«ã€ããŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžããŸãã",
"title": "ç¡é倧 â ã«ã€ããŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®èšæ³ã¯ã極éã®èšæ³ã«åãããã ãã®ãã®ã§ãå®éã«ã¯ x = 0 ã§ã®æ¥µéã¯ååšããªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ãããâ ãšããæ¥µéãååšããããã§ã¯ãããŸããããâã¯æ°ã§ã¯ãããŸããã",
"title": "ç¡é倧 â ã«ã€ããŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžé£ç¶(discontinuous)ãšã¯ã颿°ãããç¹ã§é£ç¶ã§ç¡ãããšããããŸããäŸãã°ã",
"title": "äžé£ç¶ãªé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ãx = 3ã«é€å»å¯èœãªäžé£ç¶ç¹(removable discontinuity)ãæã¡ãŸãã",
"title": "äžé£ç¶ãªé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãé€å»å¯èœã(removable)ãšããã®ã¯ãå°ãæãå ããã ãã§äžé£ç¶ãªãšãããé£ç¶ã«ãã颿°ãåŸããããšããæå³ã§ããç¹ã«ãã®é¢æ°ã®å Žåã¯ãxâ 3ã®æã¯ãçŽåããããšã§ f(x) = x+3 ã«ãªããŸãã ãããf(3)=6 ã§ãã£ããªãã°ãé£ç¶ãªé¢æ°ã«ãªããŸããå³ã¡ãæ°ãã颿°",
"title": "äžé£ç¶ãªé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãå®çŸ©ããŸãããã¡ãã x=3 ã§ãx+3=6 ã§ãããããŸãšããŠãg(x) = x+3ãšæžãããšãã§ããŸããx=3 ã§ãå®çŸ©ãããŠããã®ã§ã f(x) ãšã¯å¥ã®é¢æ°ã§ããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã f(x) ã® x=3 ã§ã®æ¥µéã§ãã 6 ã g(3) ã®å€ãšããŠãé£ç¶ãªé¢æ°ã«ãªããŸããã æç颿°ã§ã¯ããã®ãããªäžé£ç¶æ§ã®é€å»ãå¯èœã§ãã忝ã0ã«ãªããªããšãã¯ããã®ãããªæäœã«ãããªããŠãé£ç¶é¢æ°ãåŸãããšãã§ããŸãã忝ã 0 ã«ãªããšãã«ã0 ã§å²ããšããããšãé¿ããããã«ããããã£ãæ°ãã颿° g(x) ãçšæããå¿
èŠããããŸãã",
"title": "äžé£ç¶ãªé¢æ°"
}
] | null | {{prevnext|prev=颿°}}
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颿° f(x) = x<sup>2</sup>ãèããŸãããã®é¢æ°ã¯ãf(2)=4 ãšãªããŸãããã®é¢æ°ãå°ãããã£ãŠæ¬¡ã®ãããªé¢æ°ãèããŠã¿ãŸãã
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center><math>f(x) = \frac{x^2(x-2)}{x-2}.</math></center></td></tr></table>
ãã®é¢æ°ã¯ x ≠ 2 ã®æã§ã¯ãæåã«å®çŸ©ãã颿° f(x) = x<sup>2</sup> ãšåãå€ãåããŸãããšããã x = 2 ã®æã§ã¯ã忝ã0ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã®ã§é¢æ°ã®å€ã¯å®çŸ©ãããŠããŸããã
x ≠ 2ã§ããå®çŸ©ãããŠããªã颿°ã§ãããäžã€ã ã確ããªäºããããŸããããã¯ãx ã 2ã«è¿ä»ãããš f(x)ã®å€ã 4ã«è¿ä»ããšããããšã§ãããã®äºã
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center><math>\qquad\lim_{x\to 2} f(x) = 4.</math></center></td></tr></table>
ãšè¡šçŸããŸãã
f(x)ã® x=2ã§ã®å€ãèããŠããããã§ã¯ãªããx=2ã®è¿ãã§ã®å€ãèããŠããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ãããä»ã®äŸã§ã¯ãx=2ã¯ã颿°ãå®çŸ©ãããŠããªãç¹ã§ãããã颿°ãå®çŸ©ãããŠããç¹ x=15ã x=1000000ã§ãåãäºãèããããŸããxãããå€ã«è¿ä»ããæã«ãf(x)ããã©ã®ãããªåããèŠãããïŒãšããåé¡ã§ããxãcã«è¿ä»ãããšããå¿
ããf(x)ãLã«è¿ä»ãå ŽåããLã¯xãcã«è¿ä»ããæã®é¢æ°f(x)ã®'''極é'''ã§ãããããšãããŸãã
xã c ã«è¿ä»ããæã® f(x)ã®æ¥µéã Lã§ãããšããããšãæ°åŒã§
ã
:<math>\lim_{x\to c} f(x) = L.</math>
ãšè¡šçŸããŸãã
ç¹°ãè¿ãã«ãªããŸãããx=cã§ã® f(x)ã®å€ãèããŠããããã§ã¯ãªããxãcã«è¿ä»ããæã® f(x)ã®å€ã«æ³šç®ããŠããã®ã§ãx=cã§f(x)ãå®çŸ©ãããŠãããã©ããã¯é¢ä¿ãããŸãããçŽæçã«ã¯ãxãcã«éããªãè¿ä»ããŠãã£ãæã«ãf(x)㯠Lã«éããªãè¿ã¥ããŠãããšããããšã§ãã
ãã®æ¥µéã®æŠå¿µã¯ããããŸã§è¡šçŸãã«ããã£ãç¯å²ã§ã®é¢æ°ã®æ§è³ªã衚çŸã§ããããã«ãªããŸããäŸãã° é¢æ° f(x) = 1/xã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ãŸãããã®é¢æ°ã¯ xã倧ãããªãã°ãªãã»ã©ã1/xã¯å°ãããªã£ãŠããã0ã«è¿ä»ããŠãããŸãã1/x ã 0ã«ãªããšããããšã¯ãããŸããã®ã§ãããã衚çŸããããšã¯é£ããã§ããããããæ¥µéãšããèšèãçšããããšã«ãã£ãŠãxãéããªã倧ãããããšãã«ã1/xã®æ¥µé㯠0ã§ãããšããããšãã§ããããã«ãªããŸããéããªã倧ããªæ°ãšããæ°ã¯ãããŸããããxãéããªã倧ããããæã« xãã©ã®æ°ã«èŸ¿ãã€ãã®ãïŒãšããå¿é
ãããå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸãããéèŠãªã®ã¯ãxãã©ããããšãã« f(x)ãã©ã®ããã«æ¯ãèããïŒã§ãã
xãéããªã倧ãããããšããããšã x → ∞ã®ããã«è¡šããŸãããã®æã1/xã0ã«è¿ä»ããŠãããšããããšãæ°åŒã§æžããš
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center><math>\qquad\lim_{x\to \infin} \frac{1}{x} = 0.</math></center></td></tr></table>
ãšãªããŸãã
=='''極é'''ã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©==
è§£æåŠãçè§£ããäžã§æåã®é£é¢ã¯æ¥µéã®å®çŸ©ãçè§£ããããšã§ãã
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éã§ãããæ¥µéã«ãã£ããããå®çŸ©ãäžãããŸã§ã«150幎ãã®æ³æãè²»ãããŸããã
æ®ã©ã®å Žåãæ¥µéã®å®çŸ©ã¯ãçŽæçãªãã®ã§ç¹ã«åé¡ãããŸããã
ããããéããªãè¿ä»ããšã¯ã©ãããããšã§ããããïŒãã©ã®ããã«è¿ä»ããã'''éããªã'''è¿ä»ããããšã«ãªãã®ã§ããããïŒ
äŸãã°æ¬¡ã®é¢æ°ã®æ¥µéã¯ã©ããªãã§ããããïŒ
:<math>\lim_{x \to 0} f(x) = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac {\sin(x)} {x}. </math>
çŽæã§ã¯''f''(0) = 0/0ã ãšæããããããŸããããããããã®æ¥µé㯠1ã§ãããã®ããã«çŽæãšæ°åŠçãªçããç°ãªãå Žåãæ°åŠçãªçãã§çŽåŸããã«ã¯ã©ããããããã§ããããïŒ
; 圢åŒçãªå®çŸ© :
ïŒã€ãã·ãã³ã»ãã«ã¿è«æ³ïŒ
ä»»æã®æ£ã®æ°εã«å¯Ÿããããæ°δãååšã
:<math>0 < \left| x - c \right| < \delta</math>
ãªãã°
:<math>\left| f(x) - L \right| < \varepsilon</math>
ãšãªããšãã''L''ã¯ã''x''ã''c''ã«è¿ä»ããæã® ''f(x)''ã®æ¥µéïŒlimitïŒãšãããŸãã
ãŸãããã®ããã«ãäžçåŒãšä»»æã®æ°εããããæ°δãçšããŠãäžè¿°ã®åŒã§æ¥µéãå®çŸ©ããæ¹æ³ããã³ããã®å®çŸ©åŒãåºã«è§£æåŠãªã©ã§ã®ä»ã®å®çã蚌æããè«æ³ãã€ãã·ãã³ã»ãã«ã¿è«æ³ïŒε-δ logicïŒãšèšããŸããäžè¬çã«ã¯ããε-δè«æ³ããšç¥èšããŸãã
çŽæçãªå®çŸ©ãšã圢åŒçãªå®çŸ©ã®éã®éããçè§£ããããšã¯ãšãŠãéèŠã§ããçŽæçãªå®çŸ©ã§ã¯''f(x)''ã¯''L''ã«è¿ããšè¡šçŸããéšåãã圢åŒçãªå®çŸ©ã§ã¯''f(x)''ãš''L''ã®å·®ã¯ãä»»æã®æ£ã®æ°εãããå°ããããšãªã£ãŠããŸãã
:ãä»»æã®ãïŒarbitraryïŒãšããèšèã¯ããæãã€ãããã®ãªãäœã§ãããšããæå³ã§ããä»»æã®æ£ã®æ°εã¯ãε=100ã§ãããã§ãããε=1ã§ãããã§ãããε=0.000001ã§ãããã§ããã©ããªæ£ã®æ°ãæã£ãŠããŠããå®çŸ©ã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºããå Žåã«ã''L''ãæ¥µéãšåŒã¶ã®ã§ãã
:ãä»»æã®ãã¯ãå
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å³å¯ãªæ°åŠçè°è«ãããéã«ã¯ãäžã«æãããããªãäžéè¿°èªè«çã®èšå·ã䜿ã£ã簡䟿ãªè¡šèšã䜿ãããšããããŸãã
:<math>\lim_{x \to c} f(x) =L \Leftrightarrow (\forall \varepsilon >0 \ \exists \delta >0 \ s.t. \ 0 < \left| x - c \right| < \delta \Rightarrow \left| f(x) - L \right| < \varepsilon)</math>
ããã§ã<math>\forall</math>ã¯å
šç§°èšå·ïŒuniversal quantifierïŒãšããããä»»æã®ïœã«å¯ŸããŠããæå³ããèšå·ã§ãã<math>\exists</math>ã¯ååšèšå·ïŒexistential quantifierïŒãšããããããïœãååšããããæå³ããèšå·ã§ãããs.t.ãã¯è±èªã®ãsuch thatãã®ç¥ã§ããã°ãã°ååšèšå·ãšçµã¿åãããŠçšããŸãã
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1)次ã®åŒã§ãε = 0.01ã®æãδã¯ããã€ã«ãããè¯ãã§ããããïŒ
:<math>\lim_{x \to 8} \frac {x} {4}=2 </math>
ãŸãæåã«ã極éã®å®çŸ©ã®æåŸã®åŒã« f(x)ãš εã代å
¥ããŸãã
:<math>\left| \frac {x} {4} - 2 \right| < 0.01</math>
ãããæŽçãããš
:<math>7.96<x<8.04</math>
ãšãªããŸããæ¥µéã®å®çŸ©ã®æåã®åŒã«åœ¢ãåãããããã«å€åœ¢ããŸãã
:<math>-0.04<x-8<0.04</math>
ããã§ã|-0.04| ãš 0.04 ã®ãã¡å°ããæ¹ã δãšããŸãããã¡ããã0.04以äžã®æ£ã®æ°ã§ããã°äœãδã«éžãã§ãæ§ããŸãããδã«ã¯æ²¢å±±ã®éžã³æ¹ããããŸãã
å®çŸ©ã®åŒãããäžåºŠèªã¿è¿ããŠã¿ãŠãã ãã
:<math>0 < \left| x - c \right| < 0.04</math>
ãªãã°
:<math>\left| f(x) - L \right| < 0.01</math>
ã¯æãç«ã£ãŠããŸãããε = 0.01ã«å¯ŸããŠã確ãã«ãå°ãªããšã1ã€ã®δãååšããŠããããšã«ãªããŸããδ=0.03ãšåã£ãŠããδ=0.00001ãšåã£ãŠã
:<math>\left| f(x) - L \right| < 0.01</math>
ã§ããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã
2)''x''ã4ã«è¿ä»ãããšãã®''f(x)'' = ''x'' + 7 ã®æ¥µéã¯ããã€ã§ãããïŒ
ãã®ãããªåé¡ã«çããå Žåã2ã®ããšãå¿
èŠã§ãããŸã第äžã«ããã®æ¥µéãããã€ã«ãªãããæ±ºããªããã°ãªããŸãããããã¯ãçŽæçãªæ¥µéã®å®çŸ©ã®ãšãã®ããã«ãçŽæãæšæž¬ã圹ç«ã€éšåã§ãããã®åŸããã®æ°ã極éãšãªãããšã蚌æããªããã°ãªããŸããããã®åé¡ã§ã¯ãçãã¯11ã§ããã11ã«ãªãããšããæ¥µéã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©ãçšããŠããããæ¥µéãšãªãããšã蚌æããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã§ãã
çŽæç: ''x''ã4ã«è¿ä»ãããšã''f(x)'' = x + 7ã¯4 + 7 = 11ã«è¿ä»ãã®ã§ã極éã¯11ãšèšãããã§ãã
圢åŒç: ä»»æã®εã«å¯ŸããŠãδãååšããŠ
:<math>\left| x - 4 \right| < \delta</math>
ãªãã°
:<math>\left| f(x) - 11 \right| < \epsilon</math>
ãã®åé¡ã«é¢ããŠèšãã°ãδ = εãšåãã°åé¡ãããŸãããïŒδã®éžã³æ¹ã«é¢ããŠã¯[[è§£æåŠåºç€_ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹|ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹]]ãåç
§ããŠãã ãããïŒãããŠæ¬¡ã®ããšã蚌æããªããã°ãªããŸããã
:<math>\left| x - 4 \right| < \delta = \epsilon </math>
ãªãã°
:<math>\left| f(x) - 11 \right| < \epsilon </math>
ãæãç«ã€ã
:|''x'' - 4| < ε
ã§ããã®ã§
:|''f(x)'' - 11| = |''x'' + 7 - 11| = |''x'' - 4| < ε
ããªããã¡ãŸããããã§åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©ã«æ²¿ã£ã蚌æãã§ããŸããã
3)''x''ã4ã«è¿ä»ããæã® ''f(x)'' = ''x''²ã®æ¥µéã¯ããã€ã§ãããïŒ
圢åŒç: ãŸã2ã€ã®æé ãèžã¿ãŸãããçŽæçãªæ¹æ³ã§ ''f(x)''ã®æ¥µé㯠16ã ãããšäºæ³ãã§ãã
:δ = <math> \sqrt{\epsilon+16}</math> −4
ãšãªãããã«δãåããŸãããã®δã¯åžžã«0ãã倧ããäºã確èªããŠãã ããã
ããšã¯
:<math>\left| x - 4 \right| < \delta = \sqrt{\epsilon + 16} - 4</math>
ãªãã°
:<math>\left| x^2 - 16 \right| < \epsilon</math>
ãšãªãããšã瀺ãã°ããããšã«ãªããŸãã
äžè§äžçåŒãçšããããšã«ãã£ãŠ
:|x + 4| = |(x - 4) + 8| ≤ |x - 4| + 8 < δ + 8
ãšãªããŸãã®ã§
:<math>\begin{matrix}
\left| x^2 - 16 \right| & = & \left| x - 4 \right| \cdot \left| x + 4 \right| \\ \\
\ & < & (\delta) \cdot (\delta + 8) \\ \\
\ & = & (\sqrt{16 + \epsilon} - 4) \cdot (\sqrt{16 + \epsilon} + 4) \\ \\
\ & = & (\sqrt{16 + \epsilon})^2 - 4^2 \\ \\
\ & = & \epsilon \end{matrix}</math>
ãšãªãã蚌æãçµãããŸããã
4) ''x''ã 0ã«è¿ä»ãããšãã®''sin(1/x)''ã®æ¥µéãååšããªãããšã瀺ããŸãã
èçæ³ãçšããŸããæ¥µéãååšãããšä»®å®ããããã''p''ãšãççŸãå°ããŸãã''p'' < 0ã§ãããªãã°ε=1ãšãšããšãã©ã㪠δ > 0ãæã£ãŠããŠãã
:<math>x_n=\frac{2(-1)^{n-1}}{(2n-1)\pi}</math>
ãšãšããšãã
<math> 0 < |x_n| < \delta</math>
ãæºãããããªèªç¶æ°''n''ãååšããŸãããããã
:<math>\left|\sin\left( \frac{1}{x_n} \right) - p \right|=\left|1-p\right|=1-p > 1=\epsilon</math>
ãšãªããŸããããε=1ã®ãšãã圢åŒçãªå®çŸ©ã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºãããããªδã¯äžã€ãååšããªãããšã«ãªããæ¥µéãå®çŸ©ã§ããªãããšã«ãªããŸãã®ã§ççŸãšããããšã«ãªããŸãããããã£ãŠã''p'' <0ã§ã¯ãããŸããã
''p'' ≥ 0ã§ãããšä»®å®ããå Žåãåæ§ã«ãε=1ã®ãšã
:<math>x_n=\frac{2(-1)^{n}}{(2n-1)\pi}</math>
ãšãšããšãã
<math> 0 < |x_n| < \delta</math>
ãæºãããããªèªç¶æ°''n''ãååšã
:<math>\left|\sin\left( \frac{1}{x_n} \right) - p \right|=\left|-1-p\right|=1+p \ge 1= \epsilon</math>
ãšãªããŸãã
å³ã¡ ''p'' < 0ã§ããªãã ''p'' ≥ 0ã§ããããŸããããæ¥µé''p''ã¯ååšããªãããšã«ãªããŸãã
ãã®é¢æ° ''sin(1/x)''ã¯ãäœçžæ°åŠè
ã®æ«(topologist's comb)ãšããŠç¥ãããæåãªé¢æ°ã§ãã
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ããã¯0ã«ãªããŸããä»»æã®ε > 0ã«å¯ŸããŠã δ = ε ãšéžã¶ãš ä»»æã®''x''ã«å¯ŸããŠã0 < |x| < δãªãã° |x sin(1/x) -0| ≤ |x| < εãšãªãã蚌æãçµãããŸããã
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<math>\lim_{x \rightarrow c} f(x), \ \lim_{x \rightarrow c} g(x)</math> ãååšãããšãã
* <math>\lim_{x \rightarrow c} f(x)g(x) = \lim_{x \rightarrow c} f(x) \cdot \lim_{x \rightarrow c} g(x)</math>
* <math>\lim_{x \rightarrow c} \{ f(x) + g(x) \} = \lim_{x \rightarrow c} f(x) \ + \ \lim_{x \rightarrow c} g(x)</math>
* <math>\lim_{x \rightarrow c} kf(x) = k \, \lim_{x \rightarrow c} f(x)</math>
* <math>\lim_{x \rightarrow c} g(x) \neq 0 \Rightarrow \lim_{x \rightarrow c} \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = \frac{ \displaystyle \lim_{x \rightarrow c} f(x) }{ \displaystyle \lim_{x \rightarrow c} g(x) }</math>
=== ç·åœ¢æ§ã®èšŒæ ===
ä»®å®ããã<math>\lim_{x \rightarrow c} f(x) = \alpha, \ \lim_{x \rightarrow c} g(x) = \beta</math> ãšããããã®ãšãã
<math>\epsilon > 0</math> ãä»»æã«åã£ãŠããã<math>\frac{\epsilon}{2} > 0</math> ãããæ¥µéã®å®çŸ©ãããã宿° <math>\delta_1, \delta_2</math> ãååšããŠ
<math>0 < |x - c| < \delta_1 \Rightarrow |f(x) - \alpha| < \frac{\epsilon}{2}</math>
<math>0 < |x - c| < \delta_2 \Rightarrow |g(x) - \beta| < \frac{\epsilon}{2}</math>
絶察å€ãå€ãã°ã<math>- \frac{\epsilon}{2}< f(x) - \alpha < \frac{\epsilon}{2}, \ - \frac{\epsilon}{2} < g(x) - \beta < \frac{\epsilon}{2}</math>
ãããã£ãŠ <math>-\epsilon < f(x) + g(x) - (\alpha + \beta) < \epsilon \iff |\{ f(x) + g(x) \} - (\alpha + \beta)| < \epsilon</math>
ããã§ã<math>\delta = \min{ \delta_1, \delta_2 }</math> ãšããã°äžã®åŒãæãç«ã€ãããªãã¡ãã宿° <math>\delta</math> ãååšããŠä»»æã® <math>\epsilon > 0</math> ã«å¯Ÿã㊠<math>0 < |x - c| < \delta \Rightarrow |\{ f(x) + g(x) \} - (\alpha + \beta)| < \epsilon.</math>
ããªãã¡2çªç®ã®åŒã蚌æãããã®ã§ããã
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ãæºãã颿°ãf(x), g(x), h(x) ããããx ã c ã«è¿ä»ããæã« f(x) ãš h(x) ã®æ¥µéãååšã
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ã§ããã°ã g(x) ã®æ¥µéãååšã
:<math> \lim_{x \rightarrow c} g(x) = \alpha </math>
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ããã§ãx → 0 ãšãããšã
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ãªã®ã§ãã¯ãã¿ãã¡ã®åçãã
:<math>\lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin(x)}{x} = 1 </math>
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:<math>\lim_{x \rightarrow c} f(x) = \lim_{x \rightarrow c} h(x) = \alpha </math>
ãšããæ¡ä»¶ãããä»»æã® ε ã«å¯ŸããŠããã δ<sub>1</sub> ã δ<sub>2</sub> ãååšããŠã
:0<|x-c|<δ<sub>1</sub> ãªãã°ã |f(x)-α|<ε
:0<|x-c|<δ<sub>2</sub> ãªãã°ã |h(x)-α|<ε
ãšãªããŸããδ<sub>1</sub> ã δ<sub>2</sub>ã®ãã¡å°ããæ¹ïŒçãããã°ãã®å€ïŒã δãšããŸãã
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ãªãã°
: f(x)−α < g(x)−α < h(x)−α
: −ε < f(x)−α < ε
: −ε < h(x)−α < ε
ã§ããããšãã
:−ε < f(x)−α < g(x)−α < h(x)−α < ε
ãšãªãã
:|g(x)-α|<ε
ãèšããŸãããã€ãŸããg(x) ã αã«åæããŸãã
==ç¡é倧 ∞ ã«ã€ããŠ==
:<math> g(x) = \frac {1}{x^2} </math>
ã«ãããŠã''x'' ãã0ã«è¿ã¥ãããšãã®æ¥µéã¯ã©ããªãã§ããããïŒ
:<math>\qquad g(0) = \frac {1}{0^2} </math>
ã¯ã忝ã 0 ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãããå®çŸ©ãããŠããŸããã
ããããçŽæçã«ã¯ ''x''ãå°ããéžã¹ã°ã''g''ã¯ãããã§ã倧ããã§ãããšããããšãåããã§ããããäŸãã°ã g(x) ã 10<sup>6</sup> ã«ããããã°ãxã 10<sup>-3</sup>ã«åãã°ããã®ã§ãã
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ããã
:<math>\lim_{x\to 0} g(x) = \lim_{x\to 0} \frac {1}{x^2} = \infty</math>
ãšæžããŸãã
ãã®èšæ³ã¯ã極éã®èšæ³ã«åãããã ãã®ãã®ã§ãå®éã«ã¯ x = 0 ã§ã®æ¥µéã¯ååšããªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã∞ ãšããæ¥µéãååšããããã§ã¯ãããŸãããã∞ã¯æ°ã§ã¯ãããŸããã
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:<math>f(x) = \frac {x^2-9} {x-3}</math>
ã¯ãx = 3ã«'''é€å»å¯èœ'''ãªäžé£ç¶ç¹ïŒremovable discontinuityïŒãæã¡ãŸãã
ãã®ãé€å»å¯èœãïŒremovableïŒãšããã®ã¯ãå°ãæãå ããã ãã§äžé£ç¶ãªãšãããé£ç¶ã«ãã颿°ãåŸããããšããæå³ã§ããç¹ã«ãã®é¢æ°ã®å Žåã¯ãx≠3ã®æã¯ãçŽåããããšã§ f(x) = x+3 ã«ãªããŸãã
ãããf(3)=6 ã§ãã£ããªãã°ãé£ç¶ãªé¢æ°ã«ãªããŸããå³ã¡ãæ°ãã颿°
:<math>g(x) = \left\{\begin{matrix} x + 3, & \mbox{if }x \ne 3 \\ 6, & \mbox{if }x = 3 \end{matrix}\right. </math>
ãå®çŸ©ããŸãããã¡ãã x=3 ã§ãx+3=6 ã§ãããããŸãšããŠãg(x) = x+3ãšæžãããšãã§ããŸããx=3 ã§ãå®çŸ©ãããŠããã®ã§ã f(x) ãšã¯å¥ã®é¢æ°ã§ããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã
f(x) ã® x=3 ã§ã®æ¥µéã§ãã 6 ã g(3) ã®å€ãšããŠãé£ç¶ãªé¢æ°ã«ãªããŸããã
æç颿°ã§ã¯ããã®ãããªäžé£ç¶æ§ã®é€å»ãå¯èœã§ãã忝ã0ã«ãªããªããšãã¯ããã®ãããªæäœã«ãããªããŠãé£ç¶é¢æ°ãåŸãããšãã§ããŸãã忝ã 0 ã«ãªããšãã«ã0 ã§å²ããšããããšãé¿ããããã«ããããã£ãæ°ãã颿° g(x) ãçšæããå¿
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*[http://wims.unice.fr/wims/wims.cgi?module=home&search_keywords=limit&search_category=X Online interactive exercises on limits]
{{prevnext|prev=颿°}}
[[ã«ããŽãª:極é (æ°åŠ)|ãããããããã]] | 2005-03-25T03:37:56Z | 2024-02-06T05:10:25Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Prevnext"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E/%E6%A5%B5%E9%99%90 |
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±ååœã§å€§äŒæ¥ã«ããçç£ã®éäžãç¶ããŸããããããç¬å è³æ¬äž»çŸ©çµæžãšãããŸããç«¶åä»ç€Ÿã®æ¯ã®æ ¹ãæ¢ããããã«ãèµ€åã«ãªã£ãŠãŸã§ååãå®äŸ¡ã§å£²ãç¶ããå€§äŒæ¥ã«ããåžå Žã®ç¬å ãç¶ããŸãããããããŠè³æ¬äž»çŸ©ã®çºå±ããŠãããšãŒããã諞åœãã¢ããªã«ã»ã¢ãžã¢ã»ã©ãã³ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§æ€æ°å°ç²åŸç«¶äºãç¹°ãåºããŸããããã®çµæã1914幎ã«åçºããç¬¬äžæ¬¡äžç倧æŠã§ãã",
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ã«ã€ããŠãã€ã®ãªã¹ã®çµæžåŠè
ãžã§ã³ã»ã¡ã€ããŒãã»ã±ã€ã³ãº(John Maynard Keynes)ã¯èæžãéçšã»å©åããã³è²šå¹£ã®äžè¬çè«ã(1936幎å)ã§ãæå¹éèŠãäžååã§ããããšææããåœå®¶ã«ããé©åãªæå¹éèŠæäœãããªãã¡å
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ããæãåºãããã1933幎ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯ãã¥ãŒãã£ãŒã«(æ°èŠèãçŽã)æ¿çã宿œãããŸããããã¥ãŒãã£ãŒã«æ¿çã§ã¯ç€ŸäŒæ¹é©ç«æ³ãè¡ããã瀟äŒä¿éæ³(Social Security Act)ã蟲æ¥èª¿æŽæ³(Agricultural Adjustment Act)ãå
šåœç£æ¥åŸ©èæ³(National Industrial Recovery Act)ãå
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"text": "1867幎ããã€ãã®çµæžåŠè
ã»å²åŠè
ã«ãŒã«ã»ãã«ã¯ã¹(Karl Heinrich Marx)ã¯èæžãè³æ¬è«ãã§ãè³æ¬äž»çŸ©ã®æã€åºæã®ççŸãå°æ¥æ°ãã瀟äŒäœå¶ãçããšææããŸãããåãããã€ãã®çµæžåŠè
ã»å²åŠè
ã®ããªãŒããªãã»ãšã³ã²ã«ã¹(Friedrich Engels)ãèæžãå®¶æã»ç§æè²¡ç£ã»åœå®¶ã®èµ·æºããªã©ã§ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©ã»å
±ç£äž»çŸ©ãå±ããŸããã",
"title": "瀟äŒäž»çŸ©çµæžã®çè«ãšå®è·µå²"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã«ã¯ã¹ãã®çè«ãèæ¯ãšããŠã1917幎ã«ãã·ã¢é©åœã§ãœããšã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©æ¿æš©ãèªçããŸããããã·ã¢ã¯1921幎ããæ°çµæžæ¿ç(ããããÐÐŸÐ²Ð°Ñ ÑкПМПЌОÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐŸÐ»ÐžÑОка)ãæšé²ãã1928幎ã«ãœããšãé£éŠã¯ç¬¬äžæ¬¡5ã«å¹Žèšç»ã«ãã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©çµæžã®å°å
¥ãé²ããŸãããããã«ç¶ãã1945å¹Žã«æ¬¡ã
ãšç¬ç«ããã¢ãžã¢ãæ±ãšãŒãããã®åœã
ãããã«1949å¹Žã«æç«ããäžåœã§ã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©çµæžãå°å
¥ãããŸããã",
"title": "瀟äŒäž»çŸ©çµæžã®çè«ãšå®è·µå²"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æžã£ãŠããŸããäžçã§æåã®ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©çµæžã®åœã ã£ããœããšã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©å
±ååœé£éŠããäžæ¯æ°ããè±åºã§ããªããªã£ãŠããŸã£ããã1991幎ã«ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©çµæžããããŸããããšãŒãããã§ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©çµæžããšãåœã¯ãããããŸããããæé®®æ°äž»äž»çŸ©äººæ°å
±ååœããã¥ãŒãå
±ååœã§ã¯ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©çµæžäœå¶ãç¶ããŠããŸãããŸããäžè¯äººæ°å
±ååœããããã 瀟äŒäž»çŸ©å
±ååœãã©ãªã¹äººæ°æ°äž»å
±ååœã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©åœã§ãããåžå Žçµæžãåãå
¥ãè¿å¹Žã¯ãã®å²åãé«ãŸã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "çŸåšã®ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©çµæž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã ããäžåç±³ã§ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœã«ããæ°èªç±äž»çŸ©ã«åºã¥ãæ¿æ²»ã»çµæžãžã®ä»å
¥ãžã®åçºããã21äžçŽã«å
¥ããšåç±³å·ŠæŽŸæ¿æš©ãæç«ããäž»èŠäŒæ¥(ç¹ã«ç³æ²¹ãªã©ã®é±ç£è³æº)ã®åœæåãæ Œå·®æ¯æ£ãªã©ãçµæžæ¿çã®äžéšã«ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©æ¿çãå°å
¥ããŠããåœãçŸããããã«ãªããŸããããããã®åœã
ã®äžã«ã¯ãããªã®ããã«æ¿æ²»ã®å®å®ãšçµæžæé·ã«ææãäžãããšãããããã°ããããºãšã©ã®ããã«æ¿æ²»çµæžã®æ··ä¹±ã«é¥ã£ãŠããåœããããŸãã",
"title": "çŸåšã®ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©çµæž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1997幎ãéŠæž¯ãã€ã®ãªã¹ããäžåœã«è¿éãããŸããããã®ãšãããäžåœã¯äžåœäºå¶åºŠãšããå¶åºŠãç¶ããŠããŸããäžåœäºå¶åºŠã¯ãäžåœãšãã1ã€ã®åœã§ãããªããéŠæž¯ãè³æ¬äž»çŸ©çµæžã®åºåãšããŠåå±
ãããå¶åºŠã®ããšã§ãã",
"title": "çŸåšã®ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©çµæž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžåœã¯1978幎ãããã³ã»ã·ã¢ãªãã³(é§å°å¹³)ã«ãã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©åœã§ãããªããåžå ŽçµæžåãåŸã
ã«é²ããç©æ¥µçã«æµ·å€è³æ¬ãå°å
¥ããéæŸæ¿çãé²ããŠããŸããããã¯1993å¹Žã®æ²æ³æ¹æ£ã§ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©åžå ŽçµæžãšææåãããŸããããœããšãé£éŠãæ¿æ²»æ¹é©ããçµæžæ¹é©ãç®æããã®ã«å¯Ÿããäžåœã¯çµæžæ¹é©ããæ¿æ²»æ¹é©ãç®æããŠãããšãããŸãããã ã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©åžå Žçµæžã®äœçœ®ã¥ãã¯ã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©çµæžãè³æ¬äž»çŸ©çµæžã«äžŠã¶çµæžäœå¶ã®ã²ãšã€ãªã®ãã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©çµæžããè³æ¬äž»çŸ©çµæžãžç§»è¡ããéäžã®åœ¢ãªã®ãã§æèŠãåãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "çŸåšã®ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©çµæž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "仿¹ãè³æ¬äž»çŸ©çµæžã®äœå¶ã§ããè²§å¯ã®æ Œå·®ã»å€±æ¥ãªã©ã«ä»£è¡šããããåžå Žã®å€±æãã®è§£æ¶ã®ãã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©çæ¿çãå°å
¥ããããšããããŸããäŸãšããŠã¯ã以äžã®ãããªãã®ããããããŸãã",
"title": "çŸåšã®ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©çµæž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã詊ã¿ã¯1980幎代ã«å
¥ããšã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¬ãŒã¬ããã¯ã¹ãã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ãµããã£ãªãºã ã«å
žåçãªæ°èªç±äž»çŸ©æ¿çã«ãã£ãŠè»¢æããŠãããŸããããããã2000幎代ã«ã¯æ Œå·®ã®æ¡å€§ãªã©ãèæ¯ãšããŠæ°èªç±äž»çŸ©ãæ¹å€ãããããã«ãªããšãçŠç¥æ¿çãå¯è£å±€ãžã®èª²çšãªã©ã®æ¿çãèŠçŽãããåœããããŸãã",
"title": "çŸåšã®ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©çµæž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŸåšã®ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©çµæžãšãã®çè«ã¯ã倧ãªãå°ãªããã«ã¯ã¹çµæžåŠã®åœ±é¿äžã«ãããŸãããã®ããã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©çµæžã«ã€ããŠç¥ãããã«ããŸããã«ã¯ã¹çµæžåŠã®çè«ãæŒãããŠãããŸãããã",
"title": "çè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããåèãŸã§ã«ä»¥äžã®ãªã³ã¯ãæ²èŒããŸãã",
"title": "çè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æå€ãããããŸãããããè³æ¬è«ãã«ãŠç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©ãå
±ç£äž»çŸ©ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã»ãšãã©èªãããŠããŸããããã®ãããããè³æ¬è«ãã¯ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©ã»å
±ç£äž»çŸ©ã®çµå
ž äºã
ãã®ãããªèšè¿°ãããããã¹ããæžè©ã¯ãç§ãè³æ¬è«ãèªãã ããšãããŸããã宣èšã§ããããããæ¬ãè²·ã£ãŠããŸã£ããéæ»ã§å€æ¬å±ã«å©ã売ããè³æºãã¿ãšããŠãªãµã€ã¯ã«ã«åºããæ¹ããããããã·ã§ãã",
"title": "çè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããããè³æ¬è«ãã®ç¬¬äžã®ç®çã¯è³æ¬äž»çŸ©ã®ä»çµã¿ã®åæã§ãããããŠè³æ¬äž»çŸ©ã®çµçãè³æ¬äž»çŸ©ã«å
åšããççŸã®å¢å€§ã«ãããèªå£ããšããŠè«ããããŠããŸãã",
"title": "çè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éåŠæŽŸã¯å®éåŒèµã®åŒåãã¡ã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æãããç ç©¶åŠæŽŸã§ãããã«ã¯ã¹çµæžåŠãã瀟äŒäž»çŸ©ã€ããªãã®ãŒãæé€ãããã®ã§ãããããå³å¯ã«ã¯ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©çµæžåŠã«ã¯å«ããŸãããããã«ã¯ã¹çµæžåŠãèªãããã§ã¯æ¬ ãããŸããããã®ãããããã§ç޹ä»ããŠãããŸãããã",
"title": "çè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¿æ²»ã瀟äŒãå²åŠãªã©ãçµæžä»¥å€ã®ç¹ã«ã€ããŠã¯æ¬¡ãåºç€æç®ãšãªãã§ãããã",
"title": "çè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éç§°ãã°ã«ã³ããªãã»ã(ç¬: Grundrisse)ãããæå³ãåæãã«ã¯ã¹ãšåŸæãã«ã¯ã¹ãã€ãªããã®ã§ããããããéåžžã«éèŠããç ç©¶è
ãããŸãã",
"title": "çè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã«ã¯ã¹ã®ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©è«ãèªãããŠããã®ã¯ããã®ããŽãŒã¿ç¶±é æ¹å€ãã®æ¹ã§ããããŽãŒã¿ç¶±é æ¹å€ããšã¯ãåœæã®ãã€ãç€ŸäŒæ°äž»åŽåå
ãäœæããç¶±é æ¡ããã«ã¯ã¹ãæ¹è©ããããã€ãåŽåè
å
ç¶±é è©æ³šããããã³ããã«é¢é£ããæçŽããããŸãã",
"title": "çè«"
}
] | çµæžåŠïŒçŸä»£çµæžã®å€å®¹ïŒçµæžã®å€å®¹ïŒäžççµæžã®å€å®¹ïŒç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©çµæž | [[çµæžåŠ]]ïŒ[[çµæžåŠ_çŸä»£çµæžã®å€å®¹|çŸä»£çµæžã®å€å®¹]]ïŒ[[çµæžåŠ_çŸä»£çµæžã®å€å®¹_çµæžã®å€å®¹|çµæžã®å€å®¹]]ïŒ[[çµæžåŠ_çŸä»£çµæžã®å€å®¹_çµæžã®å€å®¹_äžççµæžã®å€å®¹|äžççµæžã®å€å®¹]]ïŒç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©çµæž
----
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</div>
{{stub}}
[[Category:çµæžåŠ|*]] | null | 2022-05-01T12:07:05Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Stub"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E5%AD%A6_%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%89%E5%AE%B9_%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%89%E5%AE%B9_%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%89%E5%AE%B9_%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88 |
1,794 | è§£æåŠåºç€/ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹ | ä»»æ(â)ã®æ£ã®æ°Îµã«å¯Ÿãããã(â)æ°ÎŽãååšã
ãªãã°
ãšãªããšããLã¯ãxãcã«è¿ä»ããæã® f(x)ã®æ¥µéãšãããŸãã
èšãæããã°ãæ£ã®æ°Îµãäžããããšãé©åœãªÎŽãéžã¶äºã«ãã£ãŠ
ãªãã°
ãšãªãããšã蚌æã§ããŸãã
ããã«èšãã°ããã®ãããªèšŒæãå
šãŠã®(â)ε > 0ã«å¯ŸããŠå¯èœã§ãã
ãã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©ã¯ã極éãæ±ããã«ã¯å°ãäžäŸ¿ã§ããæ¥µéLãèŠã€ããããã®æ¹æ³è«ã¯äžãããããæ°å€ã極éã§ãããã©ãããå€å®ããã®ã«ã ã䜿ããŸããçŽæçãªæ¥µéã®å®çŸ©ãã䌌ããããªåé¡ããã®é¡æšãæãã¯ãããã¿ã«ã®å®çãªã©ã®å®çãçšããŠæ¥µéãäºæ³ãã圢åŒçãªå®çŸ©ãçšããŠããã®å€ã極éã§ãããåŠãã瀺ãããšãã§ããŸãã
â:å
šç§°èšå·ãä»»æãå
šãŠ
â:ååšèšå·ãååšããã
xã c=9ã«è¿ä»ããæã®ãf(x) = x + 5 ã®æ¥µéãæ¢ãäºãèããŸããæ¥µéL 㯠9+5=14 ã§ããããšãåãã£ãŠããŠãããã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«èšŒæã§ããŸãã
ÎŽ = ε ãšéžã¹ã° (ãã®éžã³æ¹ããã®ããŒãžã®äž»é¡ã§ãã)
ãªãã°
ãšããããšã蚌æã§ããããã§ãã
å®ã¯ã蚌æã®åŒãéã«èŸ¿ãäºã«ãã£ãŠãÎŽãéžã³ãŸããã
ãã®å Žåã
ãã
ãšãªããŸãã
ãããã£ãŠÎŽ = εãšéžã¹ã°ã蚌æèªäœããã®ããã«ç°¡åã«ã§ããŸãããã®äŸã¯ãšãŠãç°¡åãªäŸãªã®ã§ãäžè¬ã«ã¯ããäžæãã¯ã¯è¡ããŸããã
xã 2ã«è¿ä»ãããšããf(x) = x2 - 9 ã®æ¥µéãL = â5ã§ããããšã蚌æããŸãã
ãªãã°
ã瀺ãããšãå¿
èŠã§ãã
ããã§ããéã«èŸ¿ã£ãŠÎŽãæ¢ããŸãããŸãæåã«ãxã䜿ãã㫠Ύ㚠εã®é¢ä¿ã衚ãããšãèããŸãã
ãŸãäžè§äžçåŒãçšããŠ
ãšãªãããšãèããã°
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ãæºããããã« ÎŽãéžã¹ã°ãããšåãããŸãããã®æåŸã®æ¹çšåŒã¯ãè«ççã«åºãŠããããã§ã¯ãªããããããã®äžçåŒãèŠæ¯ã¹ãŠåã«ãã®ããã«éžã¹ã°ã蚌æãäžæããããšããã ãããšããçŽæçãªãã¯ããã¯ã§ãããã®æ¹çšåŒã®è§£ãšããŠÎŽãéžãã§ããã蚌æã®æåŸã®æ®µéã§ããã®éã«èŸ¿ã£ãŠåŸãããæ¹çšåŒã䜿çšããŸãã
ÎŽã®äºæ¬¡æ¹çšåŒã ãšæã£ãŠãÎŽãæ£ã®æ°ã§ããããšã«æ³šæããŠè§£ããš
ãšãªããŸãã
ãã®å€ãçšããŠã極éã§ããããšã®èšŒæãè¡ããŸãã
ãªãã°
xã 0ã«è¿ä»ãããšã f(x) = sin ( x ) x {\displaystyle {\frac {\sin(x)}{x}}} ã®æ¥µéã L = 1 ã«ãªãããšã瀺ããŠãã ããã
xã0ã«è¿ä»ãããšããf(x) = 1/x ã æ¥µéãæããªãããšã瀺ããŠãã ããã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»»æ(â)ã®æ£ã®æ°Îµã«å¯Ÿãããã(â)æ°ÎŽãååšã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã°",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããšããLã¯ãxãcã«è¿ä»ããæã® f(x)ã®æ¥µéãšãããŸãã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èšãæããã°ãæ£ã®æ°Îµãäžããããšãé©åœãªÎŽãéžã¶äºã«ãã£ãŠ",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã°",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããšã蚌æã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«èšãã°ããã®ãããªèšŒæãå
šãŠã®(â)ε > 0ã«å¯ŸããŠå¯èœã§ãã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åœ¢åŒçãªå®çŸ©ã¯ã極éãæ±ããã«ã¯å°ãäžäŸ¿ã§ããæ¥µéLãèŠã€ããããã®æ¹æ³è«ã¯äžãããããæ°å€ã極éã§ãããã©ãããå€å®ããã®ã«ã ã䜿ããŸããçŽæçãªæ¥µéã®å®çŸ©ãã䌌ããããªåé¡ããã®é¡æšãæãã¯ãããã¿ã«ã®å®çãªã©ã®å®çãçšããŠæ¥µéãäºæ³ãã圢åŒçãªå®çŸ©ãçšããŠããã®å€ã極éã§ãããåŠãã瀺ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â:å
šç§°èšå·ãä»»æãå
šãŠ",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â:ååšèšå·ãååšããã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "xã c=9ã«è¿ä»ããæã®ãf(x) = x + 5 ã®æ¥µéãæ¢ãäºãèããŸããæ¥µéL 㯠9+5=14 ã§ããããšãåãã£ãŠããŠãããã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«èšŒæã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ÎŽ = ε ãšéžã¹ã° (ãã®éžã³æ¹ããã®ããŒãžã®äž»é¡ã§ãã)",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã°",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããããšã蚌æã§ããããã§ãã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®ã¯ã蚌æã®åŒãéã«èŸ¿ãäºã«ãã£ãŠãÎŽãéžã³ãŸããã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å Žåã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠÎŽ = εãšéžã¹ã°ã蚌æèªäœããã®ããã«ç°¡åã«ã§ããŸãããã®äŸã¯ãšãŠãç°¡åãªäŸãªã®ã§ãäžè¬ã«ã¯ããäžæãã¯ã¯è¡ããŸããã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "xã 2ã«è¿ä»ãããšããf(x) = x2 - 9 ã®æ¥µéãL = â5ã§ããããšã蚌æããŸãã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã°",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã瀺ãããšãå¿
èŠã§ãã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ããéã«èŸ¿ã£ãŠÎŽãæ¢ããŸãããŸãæåã«ãxã䜿ãã㫠Ύ㚠εã®é¢ä¿ã衚ãããšãèããŸãã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãäžè§äžçåŒãçšããŠ",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããšãèããã°",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã®ã§",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºããããã« ÎŽãéžã¹ã°ãããšåãããŸãããã®æåŸã®æ¹çšåŒã¯ãè«ççã«åºãŠããããã§ã¯ãªããããããã®äžçåŒãèŠæ¯ã¹ãŠåã«ãã®ããã«éžã¹ã°ã蚌æãäžæããããšããã ãããšããçŽæçãªãã¯ããã¯ã§ãããã®æ¹çšåŒã®è§£ãšããŠÎŽãéžãã§ããã蚌æã®æåŸã®æ®µéã§ããã®éã«èŸ¿ã£ãŠåŸãããæ¹çšåŒã䜿çšããŸãã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ÎŽã®äºæ¬¡æ¹çšåŒã ãšæã£ãŠãÎŽãæ£ã®æ°ã§ããããšã«æ³šæããŠè§£ããš",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å€ãçšããŠã極éã§ããããšã®èšŒæãè¡ããŸãã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã°",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "xã 0ã«è¿ä»ãããšã f(x) = sin ( x ) x {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\sin(x)}{x}}} ã®æ¥µéã L = 1 ã«ãªãããšã瀺ããŠãã ããã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "xã0ã«è¿ä»ãããšããf(x) = 1/x ã æ¥µéãæããªãããšã瀺ããŠãã ããã",
"title": "ÎŽã®éžã³æ¹"
}
] | null | == δã®éžã³æ¹ ==
===圢åŒçãªæ¥µéã®å®çŸ©===
ä»»æ(â)ã®æ£ã®æ°εã«å¯Ÿãããã(â)æ°δãååšã
:<math>0 < \left| x - c \right| < \delta</math>
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:<math>\left| f(x) - L \right| < \epsilon</math>
ãšãªããšãã''L''ã¯ã''x''ã''c''ã«è¿ä»ããæã® ''f(x)''ã®æ¥µéãšãããŸãã
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:<math>0 < \left| x - c \right| < \delta</math>
ãªãã°
:<math>\left| f(x) - L \right| < \epsilon</math>
ãšãªãããšã蚌æã§ããŸãã
ããã«èšãã°ããã®ãããªèšŒæã'''å
šãŠã®(â)'''ε > 0ã«å¯ŸããŠå¯èœã§ãã
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===äŸ1===
''x''ã ''c''=9ã«è¿ä»ããæã®ã''f(x)'' = ''x'' + 5 ã®æ¥µéãæ¢ãäºãèããŸããæ¥µé''L'' 㯠9+5=14 ã§ããããšãåãã£ãŠããŠãããã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«èšŒæã§ããŸãã
δ = ε ãšéžã¹ã°ãïŒãã®éžã³æ¹ããã®ããŒãžã®äž»é¡ã§ããïŒ
:<math>\left| x - 9 \right| < \delta</math>
ãªãã°
:<math>\begin{matrix}
\left| (x + 5) - 14 \right| & = & \left| x - 9 \right| \\
\ & < & \delta \\
\ & = & \epsilon \end{matrix}</math>
ãšããããšã蚌æã§ããããã§ãã
å®ã¯ã蚌æã®åŒãéã«èŸ¿ãäºã«ãã£ãŠãδãéžã³ãŸããã
:<math>\left| f(x) - L \right| < \epsilon</math>
ãã®å Žåã
:<math>\left| x - 9 \right| < \epsilon</math>
ãã
:<math>\left| x - 9 \right| < \delta</math>
ãšãªããŸãã
ãããã£ãŠδ = εãšéžã¹ã°ã蚌æèªäœããã®ããã«ç°¡åã«ã§ããŸãããã®äŸã¯ãšãŠãç°¡åãªäŸãªã®ã§ãäžè¬ã«ã¯ããäžæãã¯ã¯è¡ããŸããã
===äŸ2===
''x''ã 2ã«è¿ä»ãããšãã''f(x)'' = ''x''² - 9 ã®æ¥µéã''L'' = −5ã§ããããšã蚌æããŸãã
:<math>\left| x - 2 \right| < \delta</math>
ãªãã°
:<math>\left| f(x) - L \right| = \left| x^2 - 4 \right| < \epsilon</math>
ã瀺ãããšãå¿
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ããã§ããéã«èŸ¿ã£ãŠδãæ¢ããŸãããŸãæåã«ã''x''ã䜿ããã« δãš εã®é¢ä¿ã衚ãããšãèããŸãã
:<math>\left| x^2 - 4 \right| < \epsilon </math>
:<math>\left| x - 2 \right| \cdot \left| x + 2 \right| < \epsilon </math>
ãŸãäžè§äžçåŒãçšããŠ
:<math>\left|x + 2 \right| = \left|x-2+4\right| < \left|x-2\right|+4 = \delta + 4 </math>
ãšãªãããšãèããã°
:<math>\left| x - 2 \right| \cdot \left| x + 2 \right| < \delta \cdot (\delta +4) </math>
ãšãªãã®ã§
:<math>(\delta) \cdot (\delta + 4) = \epsilon </math>
ãæºããããã« δãéžã¹ã°ãããšåãããŸãããã®æåŸã®æ¹çšåŒã¯ãè«ççã«åºãŠããããã§ã¯ãªããããããã®äžçåŒãèŠæ¯ã¹ãŠåã«ãã®ããã«éžã¹ã°ã蚌æãäžæããããšããã ãããšããçŽæçãªãã¯ããã¯ã§ãããã®æ¹çšåŒã®è§£ãšããŠδãéžãã§ããã蚌æã®æåŸã®æ®µéã§ããã®'''éã«èŸ¿ã£ãŠåŸããã'''æ¹çšåŒã䜿çšããŸãã
:ãã®äŸã§ã¯ã''x''ãδã«ãäžçå· < ããçå· = ã«çœ®ãæããŸãããèè¶³ã§ãã |x-2| = δã§ã¯ãªã|x-2| < δãªã®ã§ããããã δã®éžã³æ¹ãå¯èœã«ãªããŸããäžã®æ¹çšåŒãå
ã«ã蚌æã蟿ããšããã®ãããªδã®éžã³æ¹ã§ãããšããããšããããããã§ãããã
δã®äºæ¬¡æ¹çšåŒã ãšæã£ãŠãδãæ£ã®æ°ã§ããããšã«æ³šæããŠè§£ããš
:<math>\delta = \frac{-4 + \sqrt{16 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot \epsilon}}{2 \cdot 1} = -2 + \sqrt{4 - \epsilon}</math>
ãšãªããŸãã
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ãã®å€ãçšããŠã極éã§ããããšã®èšŒæãè¡ããŸãã
:<math>\left| x - 2 \right| < \delta</math>
ãªãã°
:<math>\begin{matrix}
\left| f(x) - L \right| & = & \left| x^2 - 4 \right| \\
\ & = & \left| x - 2 \right| \cdot \left| x + 2 \right| \\
\ & \le & (\delta) \cdot (\delta + 4) \\
\ & < & (\sqrt{4 - \epsilon} - 2) \cdot (\sqrt{4 - \epsilon} + 2) \\
\ & = & (\sqrt{4 - \epsilon})^2 - (2)^2 \\
\ & = & \epsilon \end{matrix}</math>
===äŸ3===
''x''ã 0ã«è¿ä»ãããšã ''f(x)'' = <math>\frac{\sin(x)}{x}</math> ã®æ¥µéã ''L'' = 1 ã«ãªãããšã瀺ããŠãã ããã
===äŸ4===
''x''ã0ã«è¿ä»ãããšãã''f(x)'' = 1/''x'' ã æ¥µéãæããªãããšã瀺ããŠãã ããã
[[Category:è§£æåŠ|ãŠããã®ããã²ãã]] | null | 2011-09-24T11:51:02Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E/%CE%B4%E3%81%AE%E9%81%B8%E3%81%B3%E6%96%B9 |
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å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©ããã宿°é¢æ°ãäžæ¬¡é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã宿°åãåã®åŸ®åã®æ³åãå°ããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã
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{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŽå²çã«ã¯åŸ®å(differentiation)ã®ç ç©¶ã¯ãæ²ç·ã®æ¥ç·ã®åé¡ããå§ãŸããŸãããæ²ç·ãšããã®äžã®ç¹ãäžããããæããã®ç¹ã§ã®æ²ç·ã®æ¥ç·ã®åŸãã調ã¹ãã«ã¯ã©ããããããã§ãããã?",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹å¥ãªå Žåã ããæãããªè§£çãåŸãããŸããäŸãã°ã çŽç· y = m x + c ã¯ããã®äžã®ã©ããªç¹ã§ããããèªèº«ãæ¥ç·ã«ãªãã®ã§åŸã㯠m ã§ããæŸç©ç· y = xã®å Žåã¯ãåç¹ (0,0) ã§ã®æ¥ç·ã¯ y=0 ãªã®ã§ããã®åŸã㯠0 ã§ãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã y = sin x + x 2 {\\displaystyle y=\\sin x+x^{2}} ã® x = 1.5 ã§ã®æ¥ç·ã®åŸãã¯ã©ã®ããã«æ±ãããããã®ã§ãããã?",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããç¥ãããã®ç°¡åãªæ¹æ³ãåŸ®åæ³ã§ãã颿° f(x) ã埮åããŠåŸããã颿°ã«å€ãå
¥ãããšãå
ã®é¢æ°ã®ãã®ç¹ã§ã®æ¥ç·ã®åŸããæ±ãŸããŸãããã®ããã«åŸ®åããŠåŸããã颿°ãå°é¢æ°(derivative)ãšåŒã³ã f â² ( x ) {\\displaystyle f^{\\prime }(x)} ã®ããã«æžããããµã·ããããã£ãããããf(x)ã®å°é¢æ°ãããf(x)ã®åŸ®åããªã©ãšåŒã³ãŸããåæ°ã®ãããªèšæ³ãšããŠ",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã©ãçšããããŸããããããåæ°ã®ããã«åæ¯ãšååãšãããããªåãæ¹ã¯ã§ããŸããã®ã§æ³šæããŠãã ãããåé¡ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãšãŠãåãããããèšæ³ã§ãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŸ®åæŒç®å(埮åäœçšçŽ ãdifferential operator)ãšããŠæ±ãããæã¯",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã©ã®èšæ³ãããçšããããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã埮åã®èšå·ã®åŸã«ä»ãããã€ããªãã£ããããŠããæ¬åŒ§ [ ] ã¯ãæ®ã©ã®å Žåã¯ãããŸãããäŸãã°ã颿°ã®ç©ã®åŸ®å D(fg) ãæ±ãå Žåãªã©ã D fg ãšè¡šèšãããšã D(fg) ãªã®ãã (Df)gãªã®ãåããã«ããã®ã§æç€ºããããã«æ¬åŒ§ãçšãããããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ã f(x) = 3x + 5 ã§ããã°ã f'(x) = 3 ã«ãªããŸãã xãäœããšããããšã¯æ°ã«ããå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®å Žåã¯",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã® f(x) ã¯ãå
šåºéã§é£ç¶ãªã®ã§ãã x = 0 ã®æã§å°ã£ãŠããŠã峿¥µéã® lim x â 0 + f â² ( x ) {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\to 0^{+}}f'(x)} ãšå·Šæ¥µéã® lim x â 0 â f â² ( x ) {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\to 0^{-}}f'(x)} ãäžèŽããªãã®ã§ f'(0) ãå®çŸ©ãããŸããããããŠã f'(x) 㯠x=0 ã®æã§äžé£ç¶ã«ãªããŸãããã®çš®é¡ã®åŸ®åäžå¯èœãªç¹ã®äºããå°ç¹(cusp)ãšãããŸãã 颿°ã¯ãç¡é倧ã«çºæ£ããããç¡éã«æ¯åãããããããšãããããããã€ã埮åå¯èœãšã¯éããŸããã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äºç¹ (x1, y1)ã(x2, y2)ã®éã®å¹³åå€åçãšã¯",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããšã§ããããããã®äºç¹ãã颿° f(x) ã®äžã®ç¹ã§ããã°ã f(xi) = yi ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžããŠã¿ããš",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãããŸã y ã®æ¹ãã¿ãŠã¿ããš",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠãå¹³åå€åç m ã¯ãäºã€ã®å€æ°(Î x ãš x1)ãçšããŠæ¬¡ã®ããã«æžã衚ããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠãããäžç¹ã§ã®æ¥ç·ã®åŸãã調ã¹ããã®ã§ãx2 ã x1 ã«è¿ä»ããŸããããã¯ã€ãŸããÎ x ã 0 ã«è¿ä»ãããšããããšã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Î x ãš x ãçšããŠã颿° f(x) ã® ç¹ x ã§ã®æ¥ç·ã®åŸã(埮åä¿æ°ãè±:differential coefficient)ãæ¥µéã®ãšãã®ããã«å®çŸ©ãããš",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããå°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©ã§ããå³èŸºã®æ¥µéãååšãããªãã°ã f(x) 㯠x ã§åŸ®åå¯èœ(differentiable)ãšãã x ã§ã® f(x) ã®åŸ®åä¿æ°ãã f â² ( x ) {\\displaystyle f'(x)} ãšæžããŸããæèŠçãªèª¬æãããŸããšãäºç¹éã®å·® Î x ã 0 ã«è¿ä»ããŠãããšããæ¥ç·ã®åŸãã®æ¥µéããã®åŒã®å³èŸºã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç°¡åãªé¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ãæ±ããŠã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ãå
ã®é¢æ° f(x) ãçŽç·ã®åŒã§ããããããèªèº«ã®åŸãã«ãªããŸãããå®çŸ©ããæåŸ
ãããçµæã§ãããã®äŸã§ã¯ãx ã«ãããªã宿°ã«ãªããŸããããåœç¶ãªããäžè¬ã®æ²ç·ã§ã¯æ¥ç·ã®åŸãã x ã«ãã£ãŠå€ãããŸãããããæ¬¡ã®äŸã§èŠãŠã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŸç©ç· y=x ã®å°é¢æ°ã¯ çŽç· y=mx+c ã®åœ¢ã«ãªããŸããããããããã®å°é¢æ°ã®ç€ºããŠãããã®ã¯æ¥ç·ã®åŸãã§ãã£ãŠãæ¥ç·ãã®ãã®ã§ã¯ãªããšããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ãããæ¥ç·ã®åŸãã¯ã x ã«ãã£ãŠå€ãã£ãŠãããŸãã x=aã§ã®æ¥ç·ã®åŸã㯠f â² ( a ) = 2 a {\\displaystyle f'(a)=2a} ãšãªããŸãããã x=a ã§ã®æ¥ç·ã®åŒã¯ y = 2axâa ãšãªããŸãããã®æ¥ç·ãã(a, a) ãéãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããããããŠãæ¥ç·ã®å€æ° x ãšãå°é¢æ°ã®å€æ° x ãæ··åããªãã§ãã ããã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°é¢æ°ã®èšæ³ã¯ãæ°åŠã®äžã§ããçµæ§ãç¹åŸŽçãªãã®ã§ããæããã䜿ãããèšæ³ã¯ã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãããã®èšæ³ã¯ã x ã®å€åéã«å¯ŸããŠã y ã®å€åéã¯ã©ã®ããããªã®ã?ãšããæå³ã衚ããšèããããŸããæãã¯ãy ã®åŸ®å°éã x ã®åŸ®å°é ã§å²ã ãšããæå³ã衚ãèšæ³ãšèŠãäºãã§ããŸãããããã«ããå°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©ãççŽã«è¡šããèšæ³ã§ãã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããèšå·ãããèŠãããŸããããã¯ã x ã«é¢ããŠåŸ®åãããšããæå³ã§ãã d y d x {\\displaystyle {\\frac {dy}{dx}}} ã® é¡åãšæã£ãŠãã ããã y ã®éšåã®è¡šçŸãé·ããªã£ããããå Žåã«äŸ¿å©ã§ãã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "埮åãåŠãã§ããå
ã«ãdy ã dx ã¯åæ°ã®ååã忝ã®ããã«åãã¯ãªããŠèããããšãã§ãããããããªããšæããããããŸããã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«ããŸãã§åæ°ã®éæ°ã§ãåã£ããã®ãããªèšå·ãèŠãããã§ãããã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æãã¯ã極座æš(polar coordinates system)ãçšãã埮åã§",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ãããªãã®ã«ãåºäŒãã§ãããã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f ( x ) = y = x 2 {\\displaystyle f(x)=y=x^{2}} ã®åŸ®åã衚ãèšæ³ãšããŠã次ã®ãããªãã®ããããŸãããå
šãŠåãæå³ã§ãã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©ãçšããŠã次ã®é¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ãæ±ããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äœããã¿ãŒã³ã®ãããªãã®ãããããŸããã? x ã®åœ¢ã®åŸ®åã¯ãã¹ãä¹é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã®é
ç®ã§æ±ããŸãã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¯åã埮åãå®çŸ©éãå°ãã®ã¯é¢æ°ã倧å€ã§ãããããã£ãŠãäžè¬ã®é¢æ°ã埮åããããããã«ã埮åã®æ§è³ªããããã調ã¹ãŠããããããçšããŠåŸ®åãè¡ãã°ã楜ã«èšç®ã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã埮åã®æŒç®èŠåãç¥ãããšã§ãããªãå€ãã®é¢æ°ã埮åã§ããããã«ãªããŸããæãç°¡åãªèŠåã®ããã€ãã¯äžæ¬¡é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã«é¢ãããã®ã§ãã®ã§ãäžæ¬¡é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã¯ãã®åŸãã«ãªããšããæ§è³ªãšäœµããŠèãããšåãããããããšæããŸãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ç¹å¥ãªå Žåãšã㊠x ã x ã§åŸ®åãããš d x d x = 1 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {dx}{dx}}=1} ãšãªããŸããåæ°ã ãšæã£ãŠçŽåãããšããšåãã«èŠããŸãããåæ°ãšã¯éãå°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©ããæ±ããããçµæã§ãã®ã§ã誀解ããªãããã«çè§£ããŠãã ããã d d x {\\displaystyle {\\frac {d}{dx}}} ã§äžã€ã®èšå·ãªã®ã§ãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããããŸãã§åæ°ãæ±ãæã®ãããªèšç®èŠåãç®ã«ããããšã«ãªããšæããŸãããåæ°ãšèª€è§£ããŠããŸããšããã®ãã¡ãdxã dyãå®éã«ã¯äœãªã®ããšèãã¯ããããšãã«èºãåå ã«ããªããŸããæ··ä¹±ããå Žåã¯å®çŸ©ã«æ»ã£ãŠã¿ãŠãã ããã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºæ¬çãªé¢æ°ã«ã€ããŠã®åŸ®åã®èŠåãããã€ãåŠã³ãŸããããããããã£ãšè€éãªé¢æ°ã«ã€ããŠåŸ®åããããã®èŠåãåŠã³ãŸããè€éãªé¢æ°ã¯ãç°¡åãªé¢æ°ã«åè§£ããŠèãããšåããããããªããŸãã®ã§ããã®ããã®ææ®µãšããŠãããã§ã¯å®æ°åã®åŸ®åãšåã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠåŠã³ãŸãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ã宿° c ã¯ã埮åèšå·ã®å€ã«åºããŸãã埮åã®å®çŸ©ã«æ»ãã°ãååã宿° c ã§ãããããã® c ãæ¥µéæäœã®å€ã«åºãããšãã§ãããšããããšããæãç«ã¡ãŸãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "xã®åŸ®åã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããšã¯æ¢ã«åŠãã éãã§ãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ä»åºŠã¯ 3xã®åŸ®åãèããŸãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšèããã°ã次ã®åã®åŸ®åã䜿ã£ãŠã確ãããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åŒã¯è€å·åé ã§ãã巊蟺ã + ãªãå³èŸºã+ 巊蟺ãâãªãå³èŸºãâã§ãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ã宿°åããåã®åŸ®åã®æ³åã¯ãæ°åŠçã«ãšãŠãéèŠãªæ§è³ªã§ã埮åãç·åœ¢æ§(linearity)ãæã€ããšãæå³ããŸãã è¶³ãç®ãè¡ã£ãŠãã埮åãããŠããäžã€äžã€ã®é
ã«ã€ããŠåŸ®åãè¡ã£ãŠããè¶³ãç®ãè¡ã£ãŠãçµæã¯å€ãããŸãããç·åœ¢æ§ã¯è€éãªèšç®ããšãŠãç°¡åã«ããã®ã§ãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åã®åŸ®åã®æ³åãã宿°åã®åŸ®åã®æ³åã䜿ãããšãèããŠãå€é
åŒãåè§£ããŠãããš xã®åŸ®åãšããåé¡ã«åž°çãããŸãããã®éšåã解決ããã®ããã®å
¬åŒã§ãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ãæ¢ã«ç¢ºèªããããã« x ã®åŸ®åã¯ã2x = 2x ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®èŠåã¯ãææ°ã åæ°ã è² ã®æ°ã®æ(äžè¬ã«å®æ°ã®æ)ãæãç«ã¡ãŸãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€é
åŒã¯åé
åŒã®åãªã®ã§ããã®èŠåãšã宿°åã®åŸ®åãåã®åŸ®åã®èŠåã䜿ãããšã§ãã©ããªåŸ®åãã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã®èŠåã«ãããå€é
åŒã®åŸ®åãã§ããããã«ãªããŸããããããã®å
¬åŒãçºããŠããã ãã§ã¯èšç®åã¯èº«ã«ä»ããªãã®ã§ããããããªå€é
åŒãå®éã«åŸ®åããŠã¿ãããšã倧åã§ããããã§ã¯ããã®æé ã詳ãã説æããŸãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãšããŠ",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãèšç®ããŠã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåã«ãåã®åŸ®åã®æ³åãçšããŠåé
åŒã«åããŸãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¬¡ã®é
ãšå®æ°é
ã¯",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "髿¬¡ã®é
ã¯å®æ°åã®åŸ®åã®èŠåãçšããŠã埮åã®å€ã«åºããŸãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¹ãä¹ã®åŸ®åæ³åã«ãããããããã®åé
åŒã®åŸ®åãæ±ãŸããŸãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšã¯ã代æ°èšç®ãããŠåŒãç°¡åããŸãšããŠãæçµçã«",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããè§£çãåŸãããŸãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "埮åã䜿ãæã®äŸ¿å©ãªèŠåã¯ãã£ã𿲢山ãããŸããããå°ãé«åºŠãªææ³ã«é¢ããŠã¯ããã®åŸã®ã埮åã®å
¬åŒããšããé
ç®ã§åŠã³ãŸãã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©ããã宿°é¢æ°ãäžæ¬¡é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã宿°åãåã®åŸ®åã®æ³åãå°ããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "back to è§£æåŠåºç€",
"title": "埮åã®æŒç®èŠå"
}
] | null | ==ã¯ããã«==
===埮åã®èæ¯===
æŽå²çã«ã¯'''埮å'''ïŒdifferentiationïŒã®ç ç©¶ã¯ãæ²ç·ã®æ¥ç·ã®åé¡ããå§ãŸããŸãããæ²ç·ãšããã®äžã®ç¹ãäžããããæããã®ç¹ã§ã®æ²ç·ã®æ¥ç·ã®åŸãã調ã¹ãã«ã¯ã©ããããããã§ããããïŒ
ç¹å¥ãªå Žåã ããæãããªè§£çãåŸãããŸããäŸãã°ã çŽç· ''y = m x + c'' ã¯ããã®äžã®ã©ããªç¹ã§ããããèªèº«ãæ¥ç·ã«ãªãã®ã§åŸã㯠''m'' ã§ããæŸç©ç· ''y = x<sup>2</sup>''ã®å Žåã¯ãåç¹ (0,0) ã§ã®æ¥ç·ã¯ y=0 ãªã®ã§ããã®åŸã㯠0 ã§ãã
ãããã<math>y = \sin x + x^2</math> ã® x = 1.5 ã§ã®æ¥ç·ã®åŸãã¯ã©ã®ããã«æ±ãããããã®ã§ããããïŒ
ãããç¥ãããã®ç°¡åãªæ¹æ³ãåŸ®åæ³ã§ãã颿° f(x) ã埮åããŠåŸããã颿°ã«å€ãå
¥ãããšãå
ã®é¢æ°ã®ãã®ç¹ã§ã®æ¥ç·ã®åŸããæ±ãŸããŸãããã®ããã«åŸ®åããŠåŸããã颿°ã'''å°é¢æ°'''ïŒderivativeïŒãšåŒã³ã<math>f^{\prime}(x)</math>ã®ããã«æžããããµã·ããããã£ãããããf(x)ã®å°é¢æ°ãããf(x)ã®åŸ®åããªã©ãšåŒã³ãŸããåæ°ã®ãããªèšæ³ãšããŠ
:<math>\frac{df}{dx}</math>
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} f </math>
ãªã©ãçšããããŸããããããåæ°ã®ããã«åæ¯ãšååãšãããããªåãæ¹ã¯ã§ããŸããã®ã§æ³šæããŠãã ãããåé¡ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãšãŠãåãããããèšæ³ã§ãã
åŸ®åæŒç®åïŒåŸ®åäœçšçŽ ãdifferential operatorïŒãšããŠæ±ãããæã¯
:<math>D_x[f(x)]</math>
:<math>D f(x)</math>
ãªã©ã®èšæ³ãããçšããããŸãã
ãªãã埮åã®èšå·ã®åŸã«ä»ãããã€ããªãã£ããããŠããæ¬åŒ§ [ ] ã¯ãæ®ã©ã®å Žåã¯ãããŸãããäŸãã°ã颿°ã®ç©ã®åŸ®å ''D(fg)'' ãæ±ãå Žåãªã©ã ''D fg'' ãšè¡šèšãããšã ''D(fg)'' ãªã®ãã ''(Df)g''ãªã®ãåããã«ããã®ã§æç€ºããããã«æ¬åŒ§ãçšãããããŸãã
äŸãã°ã f(x) = 3x + 5 ã§ããã°ã f'(x) = 3 ã«ãªããŸããã''x''ãäœããšããããšã¯æ°ã«ããå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããã
:<math>f(x) = \left|x\right|</math> ïŒçµ¶å¯Ÿå€ã®ã€ãã颿°ïŒ
ã®å Žåã¯
:<math>f'(x) = \left\{ \begin{matrix} -1, & x < 0 \\ \times , & x = 0 \\ 1, & x > 0 \end{matrix} \right. .</math>
ãšãªããŸãã
ãã® ''f''(''x'') ã¯ãå
šåºéã§é£ç¶ãªã®ã§ãã ''x'' = 0 ã®æã§å°ã£ãŠããŠã峿¥µéã®<math>\lim_{x \to 0^{+}} f'(x)</math> ãšå·Šæ¥µéã® <math>\lim_{x \to 0^{-}} f'(x)</math>ãäžèŽããªãã®ã§ f'(0) ãå®çŸ©ãããŸããããããŠã f'(x) 㯠''x''=0 ã®æã§äžé£ç¶ã«ãªããŸãããã®çš®é¡ã®åŸ®åäžå¯èœãªç¹ã®äºããå°ç¹(''cusp'')ãšãããŸãã 颿°ã¯ãç¡é倧ã«çºæ£ããããç¡éã«æ¯åãããããããšãããããããã€ã埮åå¯èœãšã¯éããŸããã
===å¹³åå€åç===
äºç¹ (x<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>1</sub>)ã(x<sub>2</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>)ã®éã®å¹³åå€åçãšã¯
:<math>m = \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x} = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}</math>
ã®ããšã§ããããããã®äºç¹ãã颿° f(x) ã®äžã®ç¹ã§ããã°ã f(x<sub>i</sub>) = y<sub>i</sub> ãšãªããŸãã
:<math>\Delta x = x_2 - x_1\ </math>
ãšæžããŠã¿ããš
:<math>x_2 = x_1 + \Delta x\ </math>
ãšãªããŸãããŸã y ã®æ¹ãã¿ãŠã¿ããš
:<math>y_2 = f(x_2) = f(x_1 + \Delta x\ )</math>
:<math>y_1 = f(x_1)</math>
ã§ãã
ãããã£ãŠãå¹³åå€åç ''m'' ã¯ãäºã€ã®å€æ°ïŒΔ x ãš x<sub>1</sub>ïŒãçšããŠæ¬¡ã®ããã«æžã衚ããŸãã
:<math>m = \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x} = \frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1} = \frac{f(x_1+\Delta x)-f(x_1)}{\Delta x}</math>
ãããŠãããäžç¹ã§ã®æ¥ç·ã®åŸãã調ã¹ããã®ã§ãx<sub>2</sub> ã x<sub>1</sub> ã«è¿ä»ããŸããããã¯ã€ãŸããΔ x ã 0 ã«è¿ä»ãããšããããšã«ãªããŸãã
Δ ''x'' ãš ''x'' ãçšããŠã颿° f(x) ã® ç¹ ''x'' ã§ã®æ¥ç·ã®åŸãïŒåŸ®åä¿æ°ãè±ïŒdifferential coefficientïŒã[[è§£æåŠåºç€/極é|極é]]ã®ãšãã®ããã«å®çŸ©ãããš
:<math>\lim_{\Delta x \to 0}\left[\frac{f(x+\Delta x)-f(x)}{\Delta x}\right]</math>
ãšãªããŸãã
==å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©==
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center><math>f'(x) = \lim_{\Delta x \to 0}\left[\frac{f(x+\Delta x)-f(x)}{\Delta x}\right]</math></center></td></tr></table>
ãããå°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©ã§ããå³èŸºã®æ¥µéãååšãããªãã°ã f(x) 㯠''x'' ã§åŸ®åå¯èœïŒdifferentiableïŒãšãã ''x'' ã§ã® f(x) ã®åŸ®åä¿æ°ãã<math>f'(x)</math>ãšæžããŸããæèŠçãªèª¬æãããŸããšãäºç¹éã®å·® Δ x ã 0 ã«è¿ä»ããŠãããšããæ¥ç·ã®åŸãã®æ¥µéããã®åŒã®å³èŸºã«ãªããŸãã
===å°é¢æ°ã®äŸ===
ç°¡åãªé¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ãæ±ããŠã¿ãŸãã
{|
|<math>f(x)\,</math>
| = <math>2 x + 1</math>
|-
|<math>f'(x)\,</math>
| = <math>\lim_{\Delta x \to 0}\left( \frac{ (2(x+\Delta x)+1) - (2x+1)}{\Delta x} \right)</math>
|-
|
| = <math>\lim_{\Delta x \to 0} 2 </math>
|-
|
| = 2
|}
ããã¯ãå
ã®é¢æ° f(x) ãçŽç·ã®åŒã§ããããããèªèº«ã®åŸãã«ãªããŸãããå®çŸ©ããæåŸ
ãããçµæã§ãããã®äŸã§ã¯ã''x'' ã«ãããªã宿°ã«ãªããŸããããåœç¶ãªããäžè¬ã®æ²ç·ã§ã¯æ¥ç·ã®åŸãã ''x'' ã«ãã£ãŠå€ãããŸãããããæ¬¡ã®äŸã§èŠãŠã¿ãŸãã
{|
|-
|<math>f(x)\,</math>
| = <math>x^2\,</math>
|-
|<math>f'(x)\,</math>
| = <math>\lim_{\Delta x \to 0}\left[\frac{(x+\Delta x)^2-x^2}{\Delta x}\right]</math>
|-
|
| = <math>\lim_{\Delta x \to 0}\left(\frac{x^2+2x\Delta x+\Delta x^2-x^2}{\Delta x}\right)</math>
|-
|
| = <math>\lim_{\Delta x \to 0}\left(\frac{2x\Delta x+\Delta x^2}{\Delta x}\right)</math>
|-
|
| = <math>\lim_{\Delta x \to 0}\left(2x+\Delta x\right)</math>
|-
|
| = <math>2x</math>
|}
æŸç©ç· ''y=x<sup>2</sup>'' ã®å°é¢æ°ã¯ çŽç· ''y=mx+c'' ã®åœ¢ã«ãªããŸããããããããã®å°é¢æ°ã®ç€ºããŠãããã®ã¯æ¥ç·ã®åŸãã§ãã£ãŠãæ¥ç·ãã®ãã®ã§ã¯ãªããšããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ãããæ¥ç·ã®åŸãã¯ã ''x'' ã«ãã£ãŠå€ãã£ãŠãããŸãã
''x=a''ã§ã®æ¥ç·ã®åŸã㯠<math>f'(a) = 2a</math> ãšãªããŸãããã ''x=a'' ã§ã®æ¥ç·ã®åŒã¯ ''y = 2ax−a<sup>2</sup>'' ãšãªããŸãããã®æ¥ç·ãã(a, a<sup>2</sup>) ãéãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããããããŠãæ¥ç·ã®å€æ° ''x'' ãšãå°é¢æ°ã®å€æ° ''x'' ãæ··åããªãã§ãã ããã
:ã¡ãªã¿ã«åŸã§åºãŠãããç©ã®åŸ®åæ³åã䜿ã£ãŠã f(x)=x<sup>2</sup> ã®åŸ®åã¯
::<math>f(x)=x^2 = x x </math>
::<math>f'(x) = x + x = 2x </math>
:ãšãªãäžã®çµæãšäžèŽããŸãã
===å°é¢æ°ã®èšæ³ã«ã€ããŠ===
å°é¢æ°ã®èšæ³ã¯ãæ°åŠã®äžã§ããçµæ§ãç¹åŸŽçãªãã®ã§ããæããã䜿ãããèšæ³ã¯ã
:<math> \frac{dy}{dx}</math>
ã§ãããã®èšæ³ã¯ã ''x'' ã®å€åéã«å¯ŸããŠã ''y'' ã®å€åéã¯ã©ã®ããããªã®ãïŒãšããæå³ã衚ããšèããããŸããæãã¯ã''y'' ã®åŸ®å°éã ''x'' ã®åŸ®å°é ã§å²ã ãšããæå³ã衚ãèšæ³ãšèŠãäºãã§ããŸãããããã«ããå°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©ãççŽã«è¡šããèšæ³ã§ãã
:<math>\frac{d}{dx}</math>
ãšããèšå·ãããèŠãããŸããããã¯ã ''x'' ã«é¢ããŠåŸ®åãããšããæå³ã§ãã<math> \frac{dy}{dx}</math> ã® é¡åãšæã£ãŠãã ããã ''y'' ã®éšåã®è¡šçŸãé·ããªã£ããããå Žåã«äŸ¿å©ã§ãã
埮åãåŠãã§ããå
ã«ã''dy'' ã ''dx'' ã¯åæ°ã®ååã忝ã®ããã«åãã¯ãªããŠèããããšãã§ãããããããªããšæããããããŸããã
:<math>\frac {dx}{dy}</math>
ã®ããã«ããŸãã§åæ°ã®éæ°ã§ãåã£ããã®ãããªèšå·ãèŠãããã§ãããã
æãã¯ã極座æšïŒpolar coordinates systemïŒãçšãã埮åã§
:<math>\frac{d\theta}{dr}</math>
ã®ãããªãã®ã«ãåºäŒãã§ãããã
<math>f(x) = y = x^{2}</math>ã®åŸ®åã衚ãèšæ³ãšããŠã次ã®ãããªãã®ããããŸãããå
šãŠåãæå³ã§ãã
* <math>\frac{dy}{dx} = 2x</math>
* <math>\frac{d}{dx} x^{2} = 2x</math>
* <math>dy = 2x dx</math>
* <math>f'(x) = 2x</math>
* <math>D(f(x)) = 2x</math>
===æŒç¿===
å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©ãçšããŠã次ã®é¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ãæ±ããŠã¿ãŸãããã
#<math>f(x)=2x+3</math>
#<math>f(x)=x^3</math>
#<math>f(x)=x^4</math>
==== è§£ç ====
#<math>f'(x)=\lim_{\Delta x \to 0}\frac{(2(x+\Delta x)+3)-(2x+3)}{\Delta x}
=\lim_{\Delta x \to 0}\frac{2 \Delta x}{\Delta x} =\lim_{\Delta x \to 0} 2 =2</math>
#<math>f'(x)=\lim_{\Delta x \to 0}\frac{(x+\Delta x)^3-x^3}{\Delta x}
= \lim_{\Delta x \to 0}\frac{3x^2 \Delta x+3x(\Delta x)^2+(\Delta x)^3}{\Delta x}
= \lim_{\Delta x \to 0}(3x^2 +3x\Delta x +(\Delta x)^2)=3x^2</math>
#<math>f'(x)=\lim_{\Delta x \to 0}\frac{(x+\Delta x)^4-x^4}{\Delta x}
= \lim_{\Delta x \to 0}\frac{4x^3 \Delta x+6x^2(\Delta x)^2+4x(\Delta x)^3+(\Delta x)^4}{\Delta x}
= \lim_{\Delta x \to 0}(4x^3+6x^2\Delta x+4x(\Delta x)^2+(\Delta x)^3) =4x^3</math>
äœããã¿ãŒã³ã®ãããªãã®ãããããŸãããïŒ x<sup>n</sup> ã®åœ¢ã®åŸ®åã¯ãã¹ãä¹é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã®é
ç®ã§æ±ããŸãã
==埮åã®æŒç®èŠå==
æ¯åã埮åãå®çŸ©éãå°ãã®ã¯é¢æ°ã倧å€ã§ãããããã£ãŠãäžè¬ã®é¢æ°ã埮åããããããã«ã埮åã®æ§è³ªããããã調ã¹ãŠããããããçšããŠåŸ®åãè¡ãã°ã楜ã«èšç®ã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã埮åã®æŒç®èŠåãç¥ãããšã§ãããªãå€ãã®é¢æ°ã埮åã§ããããã«ãªããŸããæãç°¡åãªèŠåã®ããã€ãã¯äžæ¬¡é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã«é¢ãããã®ã§ãã®ã§ãäžæ¬¡é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã¯ãã®åŸãã«ãªããšããæ§è³ªãšäœµããŠèãããšåãããããããšæããŸãã
===宿°é¢æ°ã®åŸ®å===
<center><math>\frac{d}{dx}\left[c\right]=0</math></center>
====äŸ====
:<math>\frac{d}{dx}\left[3\right]=0</math>
===äžæ¬¡é¢æ°ã®åŸ®å===
<div align="center" style="padding: 1em 10em;"><math>\frac{d}{dx}\left[mx+c\right]=m</math></div>
ãã®ç¹å¥ãªå Žåãšã㊠''x'' ã ''x'' ã§åŸ®åãããš<math>\frac{dx}{dx} = 1</math>ãšãªããŸããåæ°ã ãšæã£ãŠçŽåãããšããšåãã«èŠããŸãããåæ°ãšã¯éãå°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©ããæ±ããããçµæã§ãã®ã§ã誀解ããªãããã«çè§£ããŠãã ããã<math>\frac{d}{dx}</math>ã§äžã€ã®èšå·ãªã®ã§ãã
ããããããŸãã§åæ°ãæ±ãæã®ãããªèšç®èŠåãç®ã«ããããšã«ãªããšæããŸãããåæ°ãšèª€è§£ããŠããŸããšããã®ãã¡ã''dx''ã ''dy''ãå®éã«ã¯äœãªã®ããšèãã¯ããããšãã«èºãåå ã«ããªããŸããæ··ä¹±ããå Žåã¯å®çŸ©ã«æ»ã£ãŠã¿ãŠãã ããã
=== 宿°åãšåã®åŸ®å ===
åºæ¬çãªé¢æ°ã«ã€ããŠã®åŸ®åã®èŠåãããã€ãåŠã³ãŸããããããããã£ãšè€éãªé¢æ°ã«ã€ããŠåŸ®åããããã®èŠåãåŠã³ãŸããè€éãªé¢æ°ã¯ãç°¡åãªé¢æ°ã«åè§£ããŠèãããšåããããããªããŸãã®ã§ããã®ããã®ææ®µãšããŠãããã§ã¯å®æ°åã®åŸ®åãšåã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠåŠã³ãŸãã
===宿°åã®åŸ®å===
<div align="center" style="padding: 1em 10em;"><math>\frac{d}{dx}\left[cf(x)\right] = c \frac{d}{dx}\left[f(x)\right]</math></div>
ãã®ããã«ã宿° ''c'' ã¯ã埮åèšå·ã®å€ã«åºããŸãã埮åã®å®çŸ©ã«æ»ãã°ãååã宿° ''c'' ã§ãããããã® ''c'' ãæ¥µéæäœã®å€ã«åºãããšãã§ãããšããããšããæãç«ã¡ãŸãã
====äŸ====
x<sup>2</sup>ã®åŸ®åã
:<math>\frac{d}{dx}\left[x^2\right]=2x</math>.
ãšãªãããšã¯æ¢ã«åŠãã éãã§ãã
ããã§ä»åºŠã¯ 3x<sup>2</sup>ã®åŸ®åãèããŸãã
:{|
|-
|<math>\frac{d}{dx}\left[3x^2\right]</math>
| = <math>3\frac{d}{dx}\left[x^2\right]</math>
|-
|
| = <math>3\times2x\,</math>
|-
|
| = <math>6x\,</math>
|-
|}
ããã¯ã
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{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€é
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"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ y=(x+5) ã®ãããªé¢æ°ãèããŸããããã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«å±éããŠããã埮åããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å Žåã¯ã 2 ä¹ãªã®ã§å±éãããã»ã©èŠã§ã¯ãããŸãããããããã10 ä¹ãªã©ã«ãªã£ãŠãããšããšãŠã倧å€ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã ããã§ãå±éããªããŠã埮åãèšç®ããããšãã§ããåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãšåŒã°ããæ¹æ³ãåŠã³ãŸããäžã®é¢æ°ã¯ u=(x+5) ãšçœ®ãæããŠã¿ããšæ¬¡ã®ãããªè¡šçŸã§æžãäºãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸããäžã®åŒãäžã®åŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããš",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã¯ããã®ããã«ãy ã u ã ãã§è¡šããã颿°ãšããŠæžããã u ã x ã ãã§è¡šããã颿°ãšããŠæžããããããªå Žåã«äœ¿ãããšãã§ãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "d y d x = d y d u â
d u d x {\\displaystyle {\\frac {dy}{dx}}={\\frac {dy}{du}}\\cdot {\\frac {du}{dx}}}",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãªããŸãã 以äžã®ãããªãè€æ°ã®é¢æ°ãåæãããåæé¢æ°ã埮åãããšãã«ããã®å°é¢æ°ããããããã®å°é¢æ°ã®ç©ã§äžãããããšããé¢ä¿åŒã®ããšããé£éåŸ(ããããã€ãè±: chain rule)ãšãããŸãã ãã®å
¬åŒã䜿ã£ãŠãå
çšã®é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãèšç®ããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠ",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããå±éããŠãã埮åããå ŽåãšäžèŽããŠããããšãããããŸãã åæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åããããå°ãè€éãªåŒã§äœ¿ã£ãŠã¿ãŸããäŸãã°",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åŒã«ãããŠ",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããŠã¿ããšã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸããããåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã«ããã°ãã®é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã¯",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«è€éãªé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠåŠã³ãŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãèšç®ããããã«å±éããŠãå€é
åŒã®åŸ®åãè¡ãããšãã§ããŸãããèšç®ã倧å€ã«ãªããŸããããã§ãã®é¢æ°ãf(x) = (x+5)ãšg(x) = (x + 2)ã®ç©ãšèŠãŠæ¬¡ã®å
¬åŒã䜿ãããšã«ãããéãã«ç°¡åã«èšç®ããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžããã®å
¬åŒãå°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©ã«æ»ã£ãŠèšŒæããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãçžæ®ºããé
ãä»ãå ãããšãã䜿ãå€ãããææ³ãçšããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å ããé
ã¯ãå·®ãåŒãã㊠0 ã«ãªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³èŸºãäºã€ã®åæ°ã«åããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããã®ååã¯ãå
±éã®å åã§ããããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§æ¥µéãåã£ãŠã¿ããš",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãå
¬åŒã瀺ããŸããã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "3ã€ã®é¢æ°ã®ç©ã§ããã°",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸããããã€ã®é¢æ°ã®ç©ã§ãã£ãŠãã2ã€ã®æã®ç©ã®åŸ®åãç¹°ãè¿ã䜿ãäºã«ãããåããããªå
¬åŒãå°ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã¯ãåã®åŸ®åãèããŸãã颿°ã®åã¯",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšèŠãäºãã§ãããã®å³èŸºã¯ã颿°å士ã®ç©ãšèŠãäºãã§ããŸãã®ã§ãåã®åŸ®åã¯ãç©ã®åŸ®åã®ç¹å¥ãªå ŽåãšèŠãäºãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç©ã®åŸ®åãšåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãšã¹ãä¹é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã䜿ã£ãŠãåã®åŸ®åãèšç®ããŠã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãè² ã®æ¬¡æ°ã®éšåãåã³åæ°ã®è¡šçŸã«æ»ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãåã®åŸ®åãšåŒã°ããå
¬åŒãåŸãããŸããã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èŠããã®ã¯å°ã倧å€ãããããŸãããååãåŒãç®ã«ãªãããšã«æ³šæããŸãããã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "泚æ: è¶³ãç®ãåŒãç®ãæãã¯å®æ°åã®æã¯ã埮åãšèšç®é åºãå
¥ãæ¿ããããšãã§ããŸãããè¶³ãç®ãå
ã«è¡ã埮åããŠãã埮åããŠããè¶³ãç®ãããŠãåãã§ãããããããç©ãåã®æã¯åŸ®åãšèšç®é åºãå
¥ãæ¿ããããšã¯ã§ããªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ææ°é¢æ° e ã®åŸ®åãæ±ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ææ°æ³å a = a aãçšããããšã«ãã:",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã p = eâ1 ãšãããš",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸããããã§ã lnã¯èªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ã®åº eãåºãšãã察æ°é¢æ°ã§ãããèªç¶å¯Ÿæ°(natural logarithm)ãšãããŸãã 察æ°èšå·ããåºãçç¥ããlogãšããèšå·ãçšããããšããããŸãã ãã®åŒã®éæ°ãèãããš",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ã®åº eã®å®çŸ©ãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããh â 0 ã®æ p â 0 ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³ã¡ã次ã®å
¬åŒãåŸãããŸããã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸããææ°é¢æ° e 㯠埮åããŠãå€ãããªã颿° f â² ( x ) = f ( x ) {\\displaystyle f'(x)=f(x)} ã§ããããã¯ãšãŠãéèŠãªæ§è³ªã§ãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ææ°é¢æ°ã§ããåºã e ã§ã¯ãªãã a > 0 ã ã£ããã©ããªãã§ãããã?ã€ãŸã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãèšç®ããŸãã察æ°é¢æ°ãçšã㊠e = c ãšãªãããšã«æ³šæãããš",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãã圢ã«ãªããŸããããšã¯ãåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã«ãã£ãŠã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãããããã£ãŠã次ã®å
¬åŒãåŸãããŸããã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "a = e ãšãããšãã«ã å
çšã®å
¬åŒãšåãã«ãªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "察æ°é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãèšç®ããŸããææ°é¢æ°ãšå¯æ¥ãªé¢ä¿ã«ããã®ã§ãææ°é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãçšãããšãšãŠã容æã«èšç®ã§ããŸãã ãŸããæ¬¡ã®ããã« å€æ° y ãå®çŸ©ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³èŸºã® lnã 察æ°é¢æ°ã§ããln ãçšããæã¯ãåºã e ã®å¯Ÿæ°é¢æ°ãå³ã¡ãèªç¶å¯Ÿæ°é¢æ°ã§ããåºã e ã§ç¡ããšããªã©ã¯ãlog ãªã©ãçšããŸãã®ã§ãç¹ã«ãåºã e ã§ããäºãæç€ºãããå Žåãªã©ã¯ã ln ã䜿ãããŸãã log ãšãã衚èšã«æ
£ããŠããå Žå㯠log ã ãšæã£ãŠé ããŠæ§ããŸãããæ¥æ¬ã®åŠæ ¡ã§ã¯ã åºã e ã§ã log ãçšããŠæããããšãå€ãã§ãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "y ã® x ã«ãã埮åãæ±ããããã«æ¬¡ã®ãããªå€åœ¢ãè¡ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠã 䞡蟺ã x ã§åŸ®åããŸãã ç¹ã«å·ŠèŸºã«ã¯ x ããããŸãããã y 㯠x ã®é¢æ°ãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããŠããããšãèããŠãåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã䜿ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "x = e ãšããé¢ä¿ãåã³äœ¿ããš",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãªããŸããããæ¬¡ã®å
¬åŒãåŸãããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºããe ã§ç¡ãå Žåã®å¯Ÿæ°é¢æ°ã¯ãåºã®å€æå
¬åŒãçšããäºã«ãã£ãŠ",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã1 / ln(b) ã¯å®æ°ã§ãããã埮åã®å€ã«åºãäºãã§ã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãããããã£ãŠæ¬¡ã®å
¬åŒãåŸãããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãµã€ã³ãã³ãµã€ã³ãã¿ã³ãžã§ã³ããã»ã«ã³ããã³ã»ã«ã³ãã®åŸ®åãèšç®ããŸãããããã®é¢æ°ã¯ãæ°åŠã ãã§ãªããç©çãå·¥åŠãªã©ã®å¿çšåéã§ãéåžžã«ããã¿ãããŸããæ¥µåº§æšã®è¡šçŸããè€çŽ å¹³é¢äžã®ç·ç©åãªã©ããããããªå Žé¢ã§ãããã®é¢æ°ã«åºäŒããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã®èšç®ã®ä»æ¹ã¯ãããããããŸããäžè§é¢æ°ã®å
ã®å®çŸ©ã«æ»ã£ãŠèšç®ããããšãã§ããŸããããããããç°¡åãªæ¹æ³ãšããŠãããã§ã¯ãªã€ã©ãŒã®å
¬åŒ:",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãçšãã埮åã玹ä»ããŸãã ããã§ i = â 1 {\\displaystyle i={\\sqrt {-1}}} ã§ãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å
¬åŒãçšãããšããµã€ã³ãšã³ãµã€ã³ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è¡šãããããšã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ææ°é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãçšããã°",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸããããæ¬¡ã®çµæãåŸãããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããçšããŠãã¿ã³ãžã§ã³ãã®åŸ®åãèšç®ã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããé¢ä¿åŒã«ãåã®åŸ®åãçšããã°",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãããŸã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãã衚çŸãå¯èœã§ãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã©ã¡ãã®è¡šçŸãéèŠã§ããåºãŠããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã»ã«ã³ãã®åŸ®åã¯åæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åããæ±ããŠã¿ãŸãã(ãã¡ããåã®åŸ®åã䜿ã£ãŠãããŸããŸããã)",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®çŸ©ãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãããã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®åŒã®åŸ®åã¯ããããã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠ",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããæ¬¡ã®å
¬åŒãåŸãŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ã»ã«ã³ãã®å Žåãåãã§ãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ã¿ã³ãžã§ã³ãã®å Žåã¯ãã¿ã³ãžã§ã³ãã®åŸ®åãšåãæ¹æ³ãçšããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éäžè§é¢æ°ã®ã¢ãŒã¯ãµã€ã³ãã¢ãŒã¯ã³ãµã€ã³ãã¢ãŒã¯ã¿ã³ãžã§ã³ã ã®åŸ®åãèšç®ããŸããããã㯠sinãcosãtanã®ããã«ã衚èšãããŸãã éæ°ã衚ãæã® â1 ä¹ãªã©ãšçŽããããäºããã arcsinãarccosãarctan ã®ãããªè¡šèšããããããšãå€ããªã£ãŠããŸããäžè§é¢æ°ã®é颿°ãªã®ã§ãäžè§é¢æ°ã®å€ãåãã£ãŠãããšãã«ãè§åºŠãæ±ãã颿°ã§ãã䜿ããšãã«ã¯å®çŸ©åãå€åã«æ°ãä»ããªããšãããŸããã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãæåã«ã arcsin ã®åŸ®åããèšç®ããŸãã ããã§ã¯ã第äžè±¡éã®å Žåã®ã¿èããŸããããªãã¡",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®æã«éããŸããä»ã®è±¡éã«ããå Žåãªã©ã笊å·ã«æ°ãä»ããŠäŒŒããããªèšç®ãããŠãã ããã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãæåã«ãæ¢ã«ç¥ã£ãŠãã颿°ã®åŸ®åã䜿ãããã«",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããŸãããããŠäž¡èŸºã x ã§åŸ®åããŸããå³èŸºã¯ãåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã§ãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "dy / dx ã«ã€ããŠè§£ããŠã¿ããš",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã䜿ããšæ¬¡ã®å
¬åŒãåŸãããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åããããªæ¹æ³ã§ãarccos ã arctan ã®åŸ®åãèšç®ã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŸã§ã«åŠãã ã埮åã®æ³åãçšããŠæ¬¡ã®åŸ®åãèšç®ããŠãã ããã",
"title": "ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€é
åŒã®åŸ®åã¯é
ãåããŠåé
åŒã«ããŠèšç®ããŸããããããŠãåã®åŸ®åãçšã㊠æç颿°ã®åŸ®åãè¡ããŸããã",
"title": "ãã®ä»ãåç颿°ã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠãsin x, cos x, tan x, e, ln x ãªã©ã®ãããªä»ã®é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãå¿
èŠã«ãªãããšãããã§ããããå
çšã¯ãäžè§é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã§ãªã€ã©ãŒã®å
¬åŒãªã©ã®äŸ¿å©ãªå
¬åŒãæã£ãŠããŠèšç®ãããŸãããã å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©",
"title": "ãã®ä»ãåç颿°ã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãçšããŠããããã®åŸ®åãæ±ããããªãã§ãããã?",
"title": "ãã®ä»ãåç颿°ã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "sin x ã«é¢ããŠã¯ã次ã®ãããªèšŒæãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã®ä»ãåç颿°ã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å ã¿ã«ã",
"title": "ãã®ä»ãåç颿°ã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ã極éãåç
§ããŠãã ããã",
"title": "ãã®ä»ãåç颿°ã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "cos x {\\displaystyle \\cos x} ã tan x {\\displaystyle \\tan x} ã®åŸ®åã åãããã«æ±ããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã",
"title": "ãã®ä»ãåç颿°ã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠ"
}
] | null | == ãã䜿ããã埮åã®èŠå ==
=== åæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®å ===
å€é
åŒã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠã¯ãåé
ã§åŠã³ãŸãããäŸãã°
:<math>\frac{d}{dx}(3x^3 - 6x^2 + x) = 9x^2 - 12x + 1</math>
ãšãªããŸãã
ããã§ã¯ ''y=(x+5)<sup>2</sup>'' ã®ãããªé¢æ°ãèããŸããããã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«å±éããŠããã埮åããããšãã§ããŸãã
:<math>y=x^2 + 10x + 25</math>
:<math>f'(x) = 2x+ 10</math>
ãã®å Žåã¯ã 2 ä¹ãªã®ã§å±éãããã»ã©èŠã§ã¯ãããŸãããããããã10 ä¹ãªã©ã«ãªã£ãŠãããšããšãŠã倧å€ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
ããã§ãå±éããªããŠã埮åãèšç®ããããšãã§ãã'''åæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®å'''ãšåŒã°ããæ¹æ³ãåŠã³ãŸããäžã®é¢æ°ã¯ u=(x+5) ãšçœ®ãæããŠã¿ããšæ¬¡ã®ãããªè¡šçŸã§æžãäºãã§ããŸãã
:<math>y = y(u) = u^2</math>
:<math>u = u(x) = x + 5</math>
ã€ãŸããäžã®åŒãäžã®åŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããš
:<math>y = y(u(x))</math>
ãšãªãããã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
'''åæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®å'''ã¯ããã®ããã«ã''y'' ã ''u'' ã ãã§è¡šããã颿°ãšããŠæžããã ''u'' ã ''x'' ã ãã§è¡šããã颿°ãšããŠæžããããããªå Žåã«äœ¿ãããšãã§ãã
<center>
<math>\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dy}{du} \cdot \frac{du}{dx}</math><br>
</center>
ãã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
以äžã®ãããªãè€æ°ã®é¢æ°ãåæãããåæé¢æ°ã埮åãããšãã«ããã®å°é¢æ°ããããããã®å°é¢æ°ã®ç©ã§äžãããããšããé¢ä¿åŒã®ããšããé£éåŸïŒããããã€ãè±: chain ruleïŒãšãããŸãã
ãã®å
¬åŒã䜿ã£ãŠãå
çšã®é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãèšç®ããŠã¿ãŸãããã
:<math>\frac{dy}{du} = 2u</math>
:<math>\frac{du}{dx} = 1</math>
ãããã£ãŠ
:<math>\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dy}{du} \cdot \frac{du}{dx} = 2u\cdot 1 = 2(x+5) = 2x + 10</math>
ãšãªããå±éããŠãã埮åããå ŽåãšäžèŽããŠããããšãããããŸãã
åæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åããããå°ãè€éãªåŒã§äœ¿ã£ãŠã¿ãŸããäŸãã°
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} \sqrt{1 + x^2}</math>
ã®åŒã«ãããŠ
:<math>y = y(u) = \sqrt{u}</math>
:<math>u = u(x) = 1+x^2</math>
ãšããŠã¿ããšã
:<math>\frac{dy}{du} = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{u}}</math>
:<math>\frac{du}{dx} = 2x</math>
ãšãªããŸããããåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã«ããã°ãã®é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã¯
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} \sqrt{1 + x^2} = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{1 + x^2}}\cdot 2x = \frac{x}{\sqrt{1 + x^2}}</math>
ãšãªããŸãã
===ç©ã®åŸ®åãšåã®åŸ®å===
ããã«è€éãªé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠåŠã³ãŸãã
:<math>h(x) = (x^2+5)^5 \cdot (x^3 + 2)^3</math>
ãã®é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãèšç®ããããã«å±éããŠãå€é
åŒã®åŸ®åãè¡ãããšãã§ããŸãããèšç®ã倧å€ã«ãªããŸããããã§ãã®é¢æ°ã''f''(''x'') = (''x''<sup>2</sup>+5)<sup>5</sup>ãš''g''(''x'') = (x<sup>3</sup> + 2)<sup>3</sup>ã®ç©ãšèŠãŠæ¬¡ã®å
¬åŒã䜿ãããšã«ãããéãã«ç°¡åã«èšç®ããããšãã§ããŸãã
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center>'''ç©ã®åŸ®åã®å
¬åŒ'''<br>
<math>\frac{d}{dx}\left[ f(x) \cdot g(x) \right] = f'(x) \cdot g(x)+f(x) \cdot g'(x)\,\!</math><br>
</center></td></tr></table>
以äžããã®å
¬åŒãå°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©ã«æ»ã£ãŠèšŒæããŸãã
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} \left[ f(x) \cdot g(x) \right] = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{ f(x+h)\cdot g(x+h) - f(x) \cdot g(x)}{h}</math>
ããã§ãçžæ®ºããé
ãä»ãå ãããšãã䜿ãå€ãããææ³ãçšããŸãã
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} \left[ f(x) \cdot g(x) \right] = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{ f(x+h)\cdot g(x+h) \mathbf{- f(x) \cdot g(x+h) + f(x) \cdot g(x+h)} - f(x) \cdot g(x)}{h}</math>
å ããé
ã¯ãå·®ãåŒãã㊠0 ã«ãªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã
å³èŸºãäºã€ã®åæ°ã«åããŸãã
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} \left[ f(x) \cdot g(x) \right] = \lim_{h \to 0} \left[ \frac{ f(x+h)\cdot g(x+h) - f(x) \cdot g(x+h) }{h} + \frac{f(x) \cdot g(x+h) - f(x) \cdot g(x)}{h} \right]</math>
ããããã®ååã¯ãå
±éã®å åã§ããããŸãã
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} \left[ f(x) \cdot g(x) \right] = \lim_{h \to 0} \left[ g(x+h) \frac{ f(x+h) - f(x) }{h} + f(x) \frac{g(x+h) - g(x)}{h} \right]</math>
ããã§æ¥µéãåã£ãŠã¿ããš
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} \left[ f(x) \cdot g(x) \right] = f'(x) \cdot g(x) + f(x) \cdot g'(x)</math>
ãšãªãå
¬åŒã瀺ããŸããã
3ã€ã®é¢æ°ã®ç©ã§ããã°
: <math>\frac{d}{dx}[fgh] = f(x) g(x) h'(x) + f(x) g'(x) h(x) + f'(x) g(x) h(x) </math>
ãšãªããŸããããã€ã®é¢æ°ã®ç©ã§ãã£ãŠãã2ã€ã®æã®ç©ã®åŸ®åãç¹°ãè¿ã䜿ãäºã«ãããåããããªå
¬åŒãå°ãããšãã§ããŸãã
次ã¯ãåã®åŸ®åãèããŸãã颿°ã®åã¯
:<math>\frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = f(x) \cdot g(x)^{-1}</math>
ãšèŠãäºãã§ãããã®å³èŸºã¯ã颿°å士ã®ç©ãšèŠãäºãã§ããŸãã®ã§ãåã®åŸ®åã¯ãç©ã®åŸ®åã®ç¹å¥ãªå ŽåãšèŠãäºãã§ããŸãã
ç©ã®åŸ®åãšåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãšã¹ãä¹é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã䜿ã£ãŠãåã®åŸ®åãèšç®ããŠã¿ãŸãã
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = f'(x) \cdot g(x)^{-1} - f(x) \cdot g'(x) \cdot g(x)^{-2}</math>
ããã§ãè² ã®æ¬¡æ°ã®éšåãåã³åæ°ã®è¡šçŸã«æ»ããŸãã
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = \frac{f'(x) \cdot g(x)}{g(x)^2} - \frac{ f(x) \cdot g'(x) }{g(x)^{2}}</math>
ããã§ã'''åã®åŸ®å'''ãšåŒã°ããå
¬åŒãåŸãããŸããã
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center>'''åã®åŸ®åã®å
¬åŒ'''<br>
<math> \frac{d}{dx} \left[{f(x)\over g(x)}\right] = \frac{f'(x) \cdot g(x) - f(x) \cdot g'(x)}{g(x)^2}\,\!</math><br>
</center></td></tr></table>
èŠããã®ã¯å°ã倧å€ãããããŸãããååãåŒãç®ã«ãªãããšã«æ³šæããŸãããã
'''泚æ''': è¶³ãç®ãåŒãç®ãæãã¯å®æ°åã®æã¯ã埮åãšèšç®é åºãå
¥ãæ¿ããããšãã§ããŸãããè¶³ãç®ãå
ã«è¡ã埮åããŠãã埮åããŠããè¶³ãç®ãããŠãåãã§ãããããããç©ãåã®æã¯åŸ®åãšèšç®é åºãå
¥ãæ¿ããããšã¯'''ã§ããªã'''ããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã
===ææ°é¢æ°ã®åŸ®å===
<!-- ãã®é
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ææ°é¢æ° e<sup>x</sup> ã®åŸ®åãæ±ããŸãã
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} e^x = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{e^{x+h} - e^{x}}{h}</math>
ææ°æ³å ''a''<sup>''b'' + ''c''</sup> = ''a''<sup>''b''</sup> ''a''<sup>''c''</sup>ãçšããããšã«ãã:
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} e^x = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{e^{x} e^{h} - e^{x}}{h} = e^x \cdot \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{e^{h} - 1 }{h}</math>
ããã§ã p = e<sup>h</sup>−1 ãšãããš
:<math>\frac{e^{h} - 1 }{h}=\frac{p}{\ln(p+1)}</math>
ãšãªããŸããããã§ã lnã¯èªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ã®åº eãåºãšãã察æ°é¢æ°ã§ãããèªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ïŒnatural logarithmïŒãšãããŸãã 察æ°èšå·ããåºãçç¥ããlogãšããèšå·ãçšããããšããããŸãã
ãã®åŒã®éæ°ãèãããš
:<math>\frac{\ln(p+1)}{p} = \ln\left((p+1)^{\frac{1}{p}}\right)</math>
èªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ã®åº eã®å®çŸ©ãã
:<math>\lim_{p \to 0} (p+1)^{\frac{1}{p}} = e</math>
ãšãªãã''h'' → 0 ã®æ ''p'' → 0 ã§ããã
:<math>\lim_{h \to 0}\frac{e^{h} - 1 }{h} = \lim_{p \to 0} \frac{p}{\ln(p+1)} = 1</math>
ãšãªããŸããã
å³ã¡ã次ã®å
¬åŒãåŸãããŸããã
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center>'''ææ°é¢æ°ã®åŸ®å'''<br>
<math>\frac{d}{dx}e^x = e^x\,\!</math><br>
</center></td></tr></table>
ã€ãŸããææ°é¢æ° e<sup>x</sup> 㯠埮åããŠãå€ãããªã颿° <math>f'(x) = f(x) </math> ã§ããããã¯ãšãŠãéèŠãªæ§è³ªã§ãã
ææ°é¢æ°ã§ããåºã ''e'' ã§ã¯ãªãã ''a'' > 0 ã ã£ããã©ããªãã§ããããïŒã€ãŸã
:<math>\frac{d}{dx}a^x</math>
ãèšç®ããŸãã察æ°é¢æ°ãçšã㊠''e''<sup>ln(''c'')</sup> = ''c'' ãšãªãããšã«æ³šæãããš
:<math>a^x = e^{x \cdot \ln(a)} </math>
ãšãã圢ã«ãªããŸããããšã¯ãåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã«ãã£ãŠã
:<math>\frac{d}{dx}e^{x \cdot \ln(a)} = \left[ \frac{d}{dx} x\cdot \ln(a) \right] e^{x \cdot \ln(a)} = \ln(a) a^x </math>
ãšãªããŸãããããã£ãŠã次ã®å
¬åŒãåŸãããŸããã
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center>'''ææ°é¢æ°ã®åŸ®å'''<br>
<math>\frac{d}{dx}a^x = \ln\left(a\right)a^x\,\!</math><br>
</center></td></tr></table>
''a'' = ''e'' ãšãããšãã«ã å
çšã®å
¬åŒãšåãã«ãªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã
===察æ°é¢æ°ã®åŸ®å===
察æ°é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãèšç®ããŸããææ°é¢æ°ãšå¯æ¥ãªé¢ä¿ã«ããã®ã§ãææ°é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãçšãããšãšãŠã容æã«èšç®ã§ããŸãã
ãŸããæ¬¡ã®ããã« å€æ° ''y'' ãå®çŸ©ããŸãã
:<math>y = \ln\left(x\right)</math>
å³èŸºã® lnã 察æ°é¢æ°ã§ããln ãçšããæã¯ãåºã ''e'' ã®å¯Ÿæ°é¢æ°ãå³ã¡ãèªç¶å¯Ÿæ°é¢æ°ã§ããåºã ''e'' ã§ç¡ããšããªã©ã¯ãlog ãªã©ãçšããŸãã®ã§ãç¹ã«ãåºã ''e'' ã§ããäºãæç€ºãããå Žåãªã©ã¯ã ln ã䜿ãããŸãã log ãšãã衚èšã«æ
£ããŠããå Žå㯠log ã ãšæã£ãŠé ããŠæ§ããŸãããæ¥æ¬ã®åŠæ ¡ã§ã¯ã åºã ''e'' ã§ã log ãçšããŠæããããšãå€ãã§ãã
''y'' ã® ''x'' ã«ãã埮åãæ±ããããã«æ¬¡ã®ãããªå€åœ¢ãè¡ããŸãã
:<math>e^y = x</math>
ãããŠã 䞡蟺ã ''x'' ã§åŸ®åããŸãã ç¹ã«å·ŠèŸºã«ã¯ ''x'' ããããŸãããã ''y'' 㯠''x'' ã®é¢æ°ãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããŠããããšãèããŠãåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã䜿ããŸãã
:<math> \frac{dy}{dx} \cdot e^y = 1</math>
''x'' = ''e''<sup>''y''</sup> ãšããé¢ä¿ãåã³äœ¿ããš
:<math> \left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right) \cdot x = 1 </math>
ã«ãªããŸããããæ¬¡ã®å
¬åŒãåŸãããŸãã
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center>'''èªç¶å¯Ÿæ°é¢æ°ã®åŸ®å'''<br>
<math>\frac{d}{dx}\ln\left(x\right) = \frac{1}{x}\,\!</math><br>
</center></td></tr></table>
åºãã''e'' ã§ç¡ãå Žåã®å¯Ÿæ°é¢æ°ã¯ãåºã®å€æå
¬åŒãçšããäºã«ãã£ãŠ
:<math>\log_b(x) = \frac{\ln(x)}{\ln(b)} </math>
ãšãªãã1 / ln(''b'') ã¯å®æ°ã§ãããã埮åã®å€ã«åºãäºãã§ã
:<math>\frac{d}{dx}\log_b(x) = \frac{1}{\ln(b)} \cdot \frac{d}{dx} \ln(x) </math>
ãšãªããŸãããããã£ãŠæ¬¡ã®å
¬åŒãåŸãããŸãã
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center>'''察æ°é¢æ°ã®åŸ®å'''<br>
<math>\frac{d}{dx}\log_b\left(x\right) = \frac{1}{x\ln\left(b\right)}\,\!</math><br>
</center></td></tr></table>
===äžè§é¢æ°ã®åŸ®å===
ãµã€ã³ãã³ãµã€ã³ãã¿ã³ãžã§ã³ããã»ã«ã³ããã³ã»ã«ã³ãã®åŸ®åãèšç®ããŸãããããã®é¢æ°ã¯ãæ°åŠã ãã§ãªããç©çãå·¥åŠãªã©ã®å¿çšåéã§ãéåžžã«ããã¿ãããŸããæ¥µåº§æšã®è¡šçŸããè€çŽ å¹³é¢äžã®ç·ç©åãªã©ããããããªå Žé¢ã§ãããã®é¢æ°ã«åºäŒããŸãã
ãããã®é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã®èšç®ã®ä»æ¹ã¯ãããããããŸããäžè§é¢æ°ã®å
ã®å®çŸ©ã«æ»ã£ãŠèšç®ããããšãã§ããŸããããããããç°¡åãªæ¹æ³ãšããŠãããã§ã¯ãªã€ã©ãŒã®å
¬åŒ:
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center>'''ãªã€ã©ãŒã®å
¬åŒ'''<br>
<math>e^{i\,x} = \cos(x) + i\,\sin(x)\,\!</math><br>
</center></td></tr></table>
ãçšãã埮åã玹ä»ããŸãã
ããã§<math>i = \sqrt{-1}</math>ã§ãã
ãã®å
¬åŒãçšãããšããµã€ã³ãšã³ãµã€ã³ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è¡šãããããšã«ãªããŸãã
:<math>\sin(x) = \frac{e^{i\,x} - e^{-i\,x}}{2i}</math>
:<math>\cos(x) = \frac{e^{i\,x} + e^{-i\,x}}{2}</math>
ææ°é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãçšããã°
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} \sin(x) = \frac{i\,e^{i\,x} + i\,e^{-i\,x}}{2i}</math>
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} \cos(x) = \frac{i\,e^{i\,x} - i\,e^{-i\,x}}{2}</math>
ãšãªããŸããããæ¬¡ã®çµæãåŸãããŸãã
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center>'''ãµã€ã³ãšã³ãµã€ã³ã®åŸ®å'''<br>
<math>\frac{d}{dx} \sin(x) = \cos(x)\,\!</math><br>
<math>\frac{d}{dx} \cos(x) = -\sin(x)\,\!</math><br>
</center></td></tr></table>
ãããçšããŠãã¿ã³ãžã§ã³ãã®åŸ®åãèšç®ã§ããŸãã
:<math>\tan(x) = \frac{\sin(x)}{\cos(x)}</math>
ãšããé¢ä¿åŒã«ãåã®åŸ®åãçšããã°
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} \tan(x) = \frac{\cos^2(x) + \sin^2(x)}{\cos^2(x)} = 1 + \left(\frac{\sin(x)}{\cos(x)}\right)^2 = 1 + \tan^2(x)</math>
ãšãªããŸãããŸã
:<math>\cos^2(x) + \sin^2(x) = 1</math> ã§ããããšãæãåºãã°
{|
|-
|<math>\frac{\cos^2(x) + \sin^2(x)}{\cos^2(x)}</math>
|<math>=\frac{1}{\cos^2(x)}</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\sec^2(x)\,</math>
|-
|}
ãšãã衚çŸãå¯èœã§ãã
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center>'''ã¿ã³ãžã§ã³ãã®åŸ®å'''<br>
<math>\frac{d}{dx} \tan(x) = \sec^2(x) = 1 + \tan^2(x)</math><br>
</center></td></tr></table>
ã©ã¡ãã®è¡šçŸãéèŠã§ããåºãŠããŸãã
ã»ã«ã³ãã®åŸ®åã¯åæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åããæ±ããŠã¿ãŸããïŒãã¡ããåã®åŸ®åã䜿ã£ãŠãããŸããŸãããïŒ
å®çŸ©ãã
:<math>\sec(x) = \frac{1}{\cos(x)}</math>
ã§ãããã
:<math>\sec(x) = \frac{1}{u}</math>
:<math>u(x) = \cos(x)</math>
ãããã®åŒã®åŸ®åã¯ããããã
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} \sec(x) = \frac{-1}{u^2} \cdot \frac{du}{dx}</math>
:<math>\frac{du}{dx} = -\sin(x)</math>
ãããã£ãŠ
:<math>\frac{d}{dx} \sec(x) = \frac{\sin(x)}{\cos^2(x)}</math>
ãšãªããæ¬¡ã®å
¬åŒãåŸãŸãã
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center>'''ã»ã«ã³ãã®åŸ®å'''<br>
<math>\frac{d}{dx} \sec(x) = \sec(x) \tan(x)\,\!</math><br>
</center></td></tr></table>
ã³ã»ã«ã³ãã®å Žåãåãã§ãã
:<math>\csc(x) = \frac{1}{\sin(x)}</math>
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center>'''ã³ã»ã«ã³ãã®åŸ®å'''<br>
<math>\frac{d}{dx} \csc(x) = -\csc(x) \cot(x)\,\!</math><br>
</center></td></tr></table>
ã³ã¿ã³ãžã§ã³ãã®å Žåã¯ãã¿ã³ãžã§ã³ãã®åŸ®åãšåãæ¹æ³ãçšããŸãã
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center>'''ã³ã¿ã³ãžã§ã³ãã®åŸ®å'''<br>
<math>\frac{d}{dx} \cot(x) = -\csc^2(x) = -\left(1+\cot^2(x)\right)</math><br>
</center></td></tr></table>
===éäžè§é¢æ°ã®åŸ®å===
éäžè§é¢æ°ã®ã¢ãŒã¯ãµã€ã³ãã¢ãŒã¯ã³ãµã€ã³ãã¢ãŒã¯ã¿ã³ãžã§ã³ã ã®åŸ®åãèšç®ããŸããããã㯠sin<sup>−1</sup>ãcos<sup>−1</sup>ãtan<sup>−1</sup>ã®ããã«ã衚èšãããŸãã éæ°ã衚ãæã® −1 ä¹ãªã©ãšçŽããããäºããã arcsinãarccosãarctan ã®ãããªè¡šèšããããããšãå€ããªã£ãŠããŸããäžè§é¢æ°ã®é颿°ãªã®ã§ãäžè§é¢æ°ã®å€ãåãã£ãŠãããšãã«ãè§åºŠãæ±ãã颿°ã§ãã䜿ããšãã«ã¯å®çŸ©åãå€åã«æ°ãä»ããªããšãããŸããã
ãŸãæåã«ã arcsin ã®åŸ®åããèšç®ããŸãã
ããã§ã¯ã第äžè±¡éã®å Žåã®ã¿èããŸããããªãã¡
:<math>0<x<1, 0<y<\frac{\pi}{2}</math>
ã®æã«éããŸããä»ã®è±¡éã«ããå Žåãªã©ã笊å·ã«æ°ãä»ããŠäŒŒããããªèšç®ãããŠãã ããã
:<math>y=\arcsin(x)</math>
ãŸãæåã«ãæ¢ã«ç¥ã£ãŠãã颿°ã®åŸ®åã䜿ãããã«
:<math>x = \sin(y)</math>
ãšããŸãããããŠäž¡èŸºã ''x'' ã§åŸ®åããŸããå³èŸºã¯ãåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã§ãã
:<math>1 = \cos(y) \cdot \frac{dy}{dx}</math>
''dy'' / ''dx'' ã«ã€ããŠè§£ããŠã¿ããš
:<math>\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{\cos(y)} </math>
:<math>\sin^2(y)+\cos^2(y)=1</math>
ã䜿ããšæ¬¡ã®å
¬åŒãåŸãããŸãã
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center>'''arcsinã®åŸ®å'''<br>
<math>\frac{d}{dx} \arcsin(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\,\!</math><br>
</center></td></tr></table>
åããããªæ¹æ³ã§ãarccos ã arctan ã®åŸ®åãèšç®ã§ããŸãã
<table WIDTH="75%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center>'''arccos ã®åŸ®å'''<br>
<math>\frac{d}{dx} \arccos(x) = \frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\,\!</math><br>
</center></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<center>'''arctan ã®åŸ®å'''<br>
<math>\frac{d}{dx} \arctan(x) = \frac{1}{1+x^2}\,\!</math><br>
</center></td></tr></table>
===æŒç¿===
ãããŸã§ã«åŠãã ã埮åã®æ³åãçšããŠæ¬¡ã®åŸ®åãèšç®ããŠãã ããã
# <math>D[(x^3 + 5)^{10}]</math>
# <math>D[x^3 + 3x]</math>
# <math>D[(x+4)\cdot (x+2)\cdot (x-3)]</math>
# <math>D[\frac{x+1}{3x^2}]</math>
# <math>D[3\cdot x^3]</math>
# <math>D[2^x]</math>
# <math>D[e^{x^2}]</math>
# <math>D[ e^{2^x} ]</math>
# <math>D[ x^x ]</math>
==== æŒç¿åé¡ã®çã ====
# <math>30 x^{2} \cdot ( x^3 + 5 )^{9}</math>
# <math>3\cdot x^2+3</math>
# <math>(x - 3)\cdot (x + 2) + (x + 4)\cdot (x + 2) + (x - 3)\cdot (x + 4)</math>
# <math>\frac{3x^2 - 6x^2 - 6x}{9x^4}</math>
# <math>9\cdot x^2</math>
# <math>\ln(2) \cdot 2^x</math>
# <math>2x \cdot e^{x^2}</math>
# <math>\ln(2) \cdot 2^x \cdot e^{2^x}</math>
# <math>[\ln(x) + 1] \cdot x^x</math>
==ãã®ä»ãåç颿°ã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠ==
å€é
åŒã®åŸ®åã¯é
ãåããŠåé
åŒã«ããŠèšç®ããŸããããããŠãåã®åŸ®åãçšã㊠æç颿°ã®åŸ®åãè¡ããŸããã
ãããŠãsin ''x'', cos ''x'', tan ''x'', e<sup>''x''</sup>, ln ''x'' ãªã©ã®ãããªä»ã®é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãå¿
èŠã«ãªãããšãããã§ããããå
çšã¯ãäžè§é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã§ãªã€ã©ãŒã®å
¬åŒãªã©ã®äŸ¿å©ãªå
¬åŒãæã£ãŠããŠèšç®ãããŸãããã
å°é¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©
:<math>f'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}</math>,
ãçšããŠããããã®åŸ®åãæ±ããããªãã§ããããïŒ
sin ''x'' ã«é¢ããŠã¯ã次ã®ãããªèšŒæãã§ããŸãã
<table WIDTH="60%"><tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #D6D6FF; padding: 1em;" valign=top>
<math> f(x) = \sin{x}</math>
<br><math> f'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0}{\sin(x+h)-\sin{x} \over h}</math>
<math> = \lim_{h \to 0}{2\cos(x+h/2)\sin(h/2) \over h}</math>
<br><math> = \lim_{h \to 0} \cos(x+h/2){\sin(h/2) \over (h/2)}</math>
<br><math> = \cos{x}</math>
</td></tr></table>
å ã¿ã«ã
:<math>\lim_{h \to 0}{\sin(h/2)\over (h/2)} = 1 </math>
ã¯ã[[è§£æåŠåºç€/極é#極éãæ±ããããã®éå
·|極é]]ãåç
§ããŠãã ããã
===æŒç¿===
<math>\cos x</math> ã <math>\tan x</math> ã®åŸ®åã åãããã«æ±ããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã
==å€éšãªã³ã¯==
* [http://wims.unice.fr/wims/wims.cgi?module=home&search_keywords=derivative&search_category=X Online interactive exercises on derivatives]
<small>'''back to [[è§£æåŠåºç€#åŸ®åæ³|è§£æåŠåºç€]]'''</small>
[[Category:è§£æåŠ|ã²ãµãã«]]
[[en:Calculus/More Differentiation Rules]] | null | 2013-07-24T23:46:45Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E/%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%EF%BC%92 |
1,838 | ãã€ãèª åçŽç¬¬17課 | <第16課 | 第18課>
Berlin ist die gröÃte Stadt in Deutschland.
Sein Haus ist am gröÃten.
Ihr neues Buch ist interessanter als ihr FrÃŒheres.
Am liebsten esse ich Obst.
Wörter åèª:
Grammatik ææ³: Thema: Komparativ und Superlativ der Adjektive und Adverben
ãã€ãèªã®åœ¢å®¹è©ã«ã¯ãæ¯èŒçŽãæäžçŽããããããã«ãã£ãŠçšåºŠã®å·®ãçŸããæäžçŽã¯ãå®å è©ãšãšãã«çšããã
圢容è©ã®æ¯èŒçŽãæäžçŽã®äœãæ¹ã«ã¯ãèŠåå€åãšäžèŠåå€åããããã»ãšãã©ã®åœ¢å®¹è©ã¯èŠåå€åããã以äžãã®äŸã瀺ãã
å€å衚:Tafel
èŠåå€åãã圢容è©ã®ãªãã«ã¯ãèªå¹¹ãå€é³ãããã®ãããã
äžèŠåå€åãã圢容è©ã¯å°ãªãããéèŠãªãã®ãå€ãã
åè©ã修食ããå Žå
æ¯èŒçŽãæäžçŽã®åœ¢å®¹è©ããåçŽåæ§ãåè©åããŠçšããããšãã§ããã......
ãã€ãèªã§ã¯å¯è©ã«ãæ¯èŒçŽãšæäžçŽããããå¯è©ã®æ¯èŒçŽãšæäžçŽã¯ã圢容è©ãšåã圢ã§ããããã ãæäžçŽã®å Žå㯠圢容è©ãåè©åãããã®ã䌎ã(äžæ§æ±ã)ã
am besten am wenigsten am letzten am mindesten am meisten
<第16課 | 第18課> | [
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"text": "ãã€ãèªã®åœ¢å®¹è©ã«ã¯ãæ¯èŒçŽãæäžçŽããããããã«ãã£ãŠçšåºŠã®å·®ãçŸããæäžçŽã¯ãå®å è©ãšãšãã«çšããã",
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"text": "圢容è©ã®æ¯èŒçŽãæäžçŽã®äœãæ¹ã«ã¯ãèŠåå€åãšäžèŠåå€åããããã»ãšãã©ã®åœ¢å®¹è©ã¯èŠåå€åããã以äžãã®äŸã瀺ãã",
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"tag": "p",
"text": "åè©ã修食ããå Žå",
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] | ïŒç¬¬16課 | 第18èª²ïŒ Berlin ist die gröÃte Stadt in Deutschland. Sein Haus ist am gröÃten. Ihr neues Buch ist interessanter als ihr FrÃŒheres. Am liebsten esse ich Obst. Wörterãåèª: Grammatik ææ³:
Thema: Komparativ und Superlativ der Adjektive und Adverben ãã€ãèªã®åœ¢å®¹è©ã«ã¯ãæ¯èŒçŽãæäžçŽããããããã«ãã£ãŠçšåºŠã®å·®ãçŸããæäžçŽã¯ãå®å è©ãšãšãã«çšããã 圢容è©ã®æ¯èŒçŽãæäžçŽã®äœãæ¹ã«ã¯ãèŠåå€åãšäžèŠåå€åããããã»ãšãã©ã®åœ¢å®¹è©ã¯èŠåå€åããã以äžãã®äŸã瀺ãã å€å衚ïŒTafel èŠåå€åãã圢容è©ã®ãªãã«ã¯ãèªå¹¹ãå€é³ãããã®ãããã äžèŠåå€åãã圢容è©ã¯å°ãªãããéèŠãªãã®ãå€ãã åè©ã修食ããå Žå æ¯èŒçŽãæäžçŽã®åœ¢å®¹è©ããåçŽåæ§ãåè©åããŠçšããããšãã§ãããâŠâŠ | [[ãã€ãèª/åçŽ/第16課|ïŒç¬¬16課]] | [[ãã€ãèª/åçŽ/第18課|第18課ïŒ]]
<pre>
* Berlin ist die gröÃte Stadt in Deutschland. <!--Kapitaltitelsatzãç« ã®å¯é¡-->
* Sein Haus ist am gröÃten.
* Ihr neues Buch ist interessanter als ihr FrÃŒhes.
* Am liebsten esse ich Obst.
</pre>
Berlin ist die gröÃte Stadt in Deutschland.
:ãã«ãªã³ã¯ãã€ãã§ãã£ãšã倧ããªéœåžã§ãã
Sein Haus ist am gröÃten.
:圌ã®å®¶ãäžçªå€§ãã
Ihr neues Buch ist interessanter als ihr FrÃŒheres.
:åœŒå¥³ã®æ°ããæ¬ã¯ã以åã®ãã®ããé¢çœãã
Am liebsten esse ich Obst.
:ç§ã¯æç©ãäžçªå¥œãã§é£ã¹ãŸãã
Wörterãåèª:
Grammatik ææ³:
Thema: Komparativ und Superlativ der Adjektive und Adverben
'''ãã€ãèªã®åœ¢å®¹è©ã«ã¯ãæ¯èŒçŽãæäžçŽãããã'''ããã«ãã£ãŠçšåºŠã®å·®ãçŸããæäžçŽã¯ãå®å è©ãšãšãã«çšããã
圢容è©ã®æ¯èŒçŽãæäžçŽã®äœãæ¹ã«ã¯ãèŠåå€åãšäžèŠåå€åããããã»ãšãã©ã®åœ¢å®¹è©ã¯èŠåå€åããã以äžãã®äŸã瀺ãã
å€å衚ïŒTafel
;RegelmÀssige VerÀnderung
<pre>
schön, schöner, am schönsten
klein, kleiner, am kleinsten
bequem, bequemer, am bequemsten
wenig, weniger, am wenigsten
</pre>
èŠåå€åãã圢容è©ã®ãªãã«ã¯ãèªå¹¹ãå€é³ãããã®ãããã
;RegelmÀssige VerÀnderung, aber mit Umlaut
<pre>
groÃ, gröÃer, am gröÃten
lang, lÀnger, am lÀngsten
kurz, kÃŒrzer, am kÃŒrzesten
...
</pre>
äžèŠåå€åãã圢容è©ã¯å°ãªãããéèŠãªãã®ãå€ãã
;UnregelmÀÃige VerÀnderung
<pre>
viel, mehr, am meisten
gut, besser, am besten
</pre>
;Mit Nomen
åè©ã修食ããå Žå
æ¯èŒçŽãæäžçŽã®åœ¢å®¹è©ããåçŽåæ§ãåè©åããŠçšããããšãã§ãããâŠâŠ
==å¯è©ã®æ¯èŒçŽãšæäžçŽ==
;Komparativ und Superlativ des Adverbs
'''ãã€ãèªã§ã¯å¯è©ã«ãæ¯èŒçŽãšæäžçŽãããã'''å¯è©ã®æ¯èŒçŽãšæäžçŽã¯ã圢容è©ãšåã圢ã§ããããã ãæäžçŽã®å Žå㯠圢容è©ãåè©åãããã®ã䌎ãïŒäžæ§æ±ãïŒã
am besten
am wenigsten
am letzten
am mindesten
am meisten
[[ãã€ãèª/åçŽ/第16課|ïŒç¬¬16課]] | [[ãã€ãèª/åçŽ/第18課|第18課ïŒ]]
[[Category:ãã€ãèª åçŽ|17]] | null | 2015-08-09T02:33:36Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E8%AA%9E_%E5%88%9D%E7%B4%9A%E7%AC%AC17%E8%AA%B2 |
1,839 | çµ±èšåŠåºç€/確çååž | ã³ã€ã³æãã®è¡šãšè£ãªã©ã®ããã«, èšèã§äºè±¡ã衚ãã®ã¯äžäŸ¿ãªã®ã§ç¢ºç倿°ãšãããã®ãå°å
¥ãã. äŸãã°,
ãªã©ã®ããã«æ±ºãã. ãã®ããã«æšæ¬ç©ºéäžã§å®çŸ©ããã宿°å€é¢æ° X ã確ç倿°ãšãã. æšæ¬ç¹ã«å¯ŸããŠç¢ºçãäžããããŠããããšãèããã°, 確ç倿°ã®ããããã®å€ã«å¯ŸããŠã確çãäžããããŠãããšããããšã«ãªã. å³ã¡, 確ç倿°ã¯, ãã®åãå€ã確ççã«æ±ºãŸã倿°ãšãèšãã. 確ç倿°ãçšããããšã«ãã, ãããŸã§P({衚})=1/2 ãªã©ãšæžããŠããæã¯, P(X=1)=1/2 ã®ããã«æžãã. ãã®ããã«, èšèã§ã¯ãªã宿°å€ã§äºè±¡ã衚çŸããããšã«ããæ°åŠçã«ã¯ãšãŠãæ±ãæããã®ãšãªã.
ãµã€ã³ãã§ããã°, 確ç倿°ã¯ {1,2,3,4,5,6}ã®6ã€ã®å€ãåã. æ°æž©ãªã©ã§ããã°, 10床, 20床ã®ãããªå€ãããã°, 9.87床ã®ããã«äžéå端ãªå€ãããé£ç¶ãªå€ãåããšããŠãããšããã. ã³ã€ã³æãããµã€ã³ãã®ããã«é£ã³é£ã³ã®å€ãåãå Žåã®ç¢ºç倿°ã颿£å確ç倿°ã颿£ç¢ºç倿°ãšãã. äžæ¹, é£ç¶ãªå€ãåã確ç倿°ãé£ç¶å確ç倿°ãé£ç¶ç¢ºç倿°ãšãã.
颿£å確ç倿°ã®åãå€ã¯æéåãšã¯éãã, å¯ç®ç¡éå(èªç¶æ°ã®åæ°)ã®å Žåããã.
{xi}(1â€i<â)ãå€ã«åã颿£å確ç倿° X ã ãããšã,
ã«ãã£ãŠé¢æ° f ãå®çŸ©ããããšãã§ãã. ãã® f ã確ç質é颿°ãšãã. 確çã«ãã£ãŠå®çŸ©ãããŠããããšãã
ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãããšãåãã.
颿£åã®å Žåãšåãããã«ãé£ç¶åãå®çŸ©ããããã«ã¯, é£ç¶å確ç倿° X ã«å¯ŸããŠ
ãæºãã颿°fãèããã°ãã. ãã® f ã確çå¯åºŠé¢æ°ãšãã.
颿£åãšåãããã«, 確çã§å®çŸ©ãããŠããããšãã,
ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãããšãåãã.
f ã確ç質é颿°ã確çå¯åºŠé¢æ°ãšããŠ
ã«ãã£ãŠå®çŸ©ããã颿° F(x)ã, fã®çޝç©ååžé¢æ°ãååžé¢æ°ãšåŒã¶. ãã®çޝç©ååžé¢æ°ãçšããã°
ãšè¡šãããšãã§ãã.
颿£å確ç倿°ã«å¯Ÿãã环ç©ååžé¢æ°ã¯
é£ç¶å確ç倿°ã«å¯Ÿãã环ç©ååžé¢æ°ã¯
ãšè¡šçŸã§ãã. 环ç©ååžé¢æ°ã®å€ãåããã° P(a < X †b) ã®å€ãèšç®ã§ããã®ã§, 环ç©ååžé¢æ°ã®å€ãæ°è¡šã«ãŸãšããŠãã, 確çã®èšç®ãè¡ããšããããšããã°ãã°è¡ããã.
fã確ç質é颿°ãšãããšãã
ãæåŸ
å€ãšããã
ã忣ãšããã忣ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã
ãæãç«ã€ã®ã§ããããçšããŠèšç®ããŠãããã
åæ§ã«ãfã確çå¯åºŠé¢æ°ãšãããšãã
ãæåŸ
å€ãšããã
ã忣ãšããã忣ã«ã€ããŠã¯é¢æ£åã®ãšããšåæ§ã«ã
ãæãç«ã€ã®ã§ããããçšããŠèšç®ããŠãããã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ã€ã³æãã®è¡šãšè£ãªã©ã®ããã«, èšèã§äºè±¡ã衚ãã®ã¯äžäŸ¿ãªã®ã§ç¢ºç倿°ãšãããã®ãå°å
¥ãã. äŸãã°,",
"title": "確ç倿°ãšã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã©ã®ããã«æ±ºãã. ãã®ããã«æšæ¬ç©ºéäžã§å®çŸ©ããã宿°å€é¢æ° X ã確ç倿°ãšãã. æšæ¬ç¹ã«å¯ŸããŠç¢ºçãäžããããŠããããšãèããã°, 確ç倿°ã®ããããã®å€ã«å¯ŸããŠã確çãäžããããŠãããšããããšã«ãªã. å³ã¡, 確ç倿°ã¯, ãã®åãå€ã確ççã«æ±ºãŸã倿°ãšãèšãã. 確ç倿°ãçšããããšã«ãã, ãããŸã§P({衚})=1/2 ãªã©ãšæžããŠããæã¯, P(X=1)=1/2 ã®ããã«æžãã. ãã®ããã«, èšèã§ã¯ãªã宿°å€ã§äºè±¡ã衚çŸããããšã«ããæ°åŠçã«ã¯ãšãŠãæ±ãæããã®ãšãªã.",
"title": "確ç倿°ãšã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãµã€ã³ãã§ããã°, 確ç倿°ã¯ {1,2,3,4,5,6}ã®6ã€ã®å€ãåã. æ°æž©ãªã©ã§ããã°, 10床, 20床ã®ãããªå€ãããã°, 9.87床ã®ããã«äžéå端ãªå€ãããé£ç¶ãªå€ãåããšããŠãããšããã. ã³ã€ã³æãããµã€ã³ãã®ããã«é£ã³é£ã³ã®å€ãåãå Žåã®ç¢ºç倿°ã颿£å確ç倿°ã颿£ç¢ºç倿°ãšãã. äžæ¹, é£ç¶ãªå€ãåã確ç倿°ãé£ç¶å確ç倿°ãé£ç¶ç¢ºç倿°ãšãã.",
"title": "確ç倿°ãšã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿£å確ç倿°ã®åãå€ã¯æéåãšã¯éãã, å¯ç®ç¡éå(èªç¶æ°ã®åæ°)ã®å Žåããã.",
"title": "確ç倿°ãšã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "{xi}(1â€i<â)ãå€ã«åã颿£å確ç倿° X ã ãããšã,",
"title": "確ç質é颿°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãã£ãŠé¢æ° f ãå®çŸ©ããããšãã§ãã. ãã® f ã確ç質é颿°ãšãã. 確çã«ãã£ãŠå®çŸ©ãããŠããããšãã",
"title": "確ç質é颿°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãããšãåãã.",
"title": "確ç質é颿°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿£åã®å Žåãšåãããã«ãé£ç¶åãå®çŸ©ããããã«ã¯, é£ç¶å確ç倿° X ã«å¯ŸããŠ",
"title": "確çå¯åºŠé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºãã颿°fãèããã°ãã. ãã® f ã確çå¯åºŠé¢æ°ãšãã.",
"title": "確çå¯åºŠé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿£åãšåãããã«, 確çã§å®çŸ©ãããŠããããšãã,",
"title": "確çå¯åºŠé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãããšãåãã.",
"title": "確çå¯åºŠé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f ã確ç質é颿°ã確çå¯åºŠé¢æ°ãšããŠ",
"title": "环ç©ååžé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãã£ãŠå®çŸ©ããã颿° F(x)ã, fã®çޝç©ååžé¢æ°ãååžé¢æ°ãšåŒã¶. ãã®çޝç©ååžé¢æ°ãçšããã°",
"title": "环ç©ååžé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šãããšãã§ãã.",
"title": "环ç©ååžé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿£å確ç倿°ã«å¯Ÿãã环ç©ååžé¢æ°ã¯",
"title": "环ç©ååžé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é£ç¶å確ç倿°ã«å¯Ÿãã环ç©ååžé¢æ°ã¯",
"title": "环ç©ååžé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šçŸã§ãã. 环ç©ååžé¢æ°ã®å€ãåããã° P(a < X †b) ã®å€ãèšç®ã§ããã®ã§, 环ç©ååžé¢æ°ã®å€ãæ°è¡šã«ãŸãšããŠãã, 確çã®èšç®ãè¡ããšããããšããã°ãã°è¡ããã.",
"title": "环ç©ååžé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "fã確ç質é颿°ãšãããšãã",
"title": "æåŸ
å€ãšåæ£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæåŸ
å€ãšããã",
"title": "æåŸ
å€ãšåæ£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã忣ãšããã忣ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã",
"title": "æåŸ
å€ãšåæ£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã®ã§ããããçšããŠèšç®ããŠãããã",
"title": "æåŸ
å€ãšåæ£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ§ã«ãfã確çå¯åºŠé¢æ°ãšãããšãã",
"title": "æåŸ
å€ãšåæ£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæåŸ
å€ãšããã",
"title": "æåŸ
å€ãšåæ£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã忣ãšããã忣ã«ã€ããŠã¯é¢æ£åã®ãšããšåæ§ã«ã",
"title": "æåŸ
å€ãšåæ£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã®ã§ããããçšããŠèšç®ããŠãããã",
"title": "æåŸ
å€ãšåæ£"
}
] | null | == 確ç倿°ãšã¯ ==
ã³ã€ã³æãã®è¡šãšè£ãªã©ã®ããã«, èšèã§äºè±¡ã衚ãã®ã¯äžäŸ¿ãªã®ã§ç¢ºç倿°ãšãããã®ãå°å
¥ãã. äŸãã°,
:''X''({衚})=1
:''X''({è£})=0
ãªã©ã®ããã«æ±ºãã. ãã®ããã«æšæ¬ç©ºéäžã§å®çŸ©ããã宿°å€é¢æ° ''X'' ã'''確ç倿°'''ãšãã.
æšæ¬ç¹ã«å¯ŸããŠç¢ºçãäžããããŠããããšãèããã°, 確ç倿°ã®ããããã®å€ã«å¯ŸããŠã確çãäžããããŠãããšããããšã«ãªã. å³ã¡, 確ç倿°ã¯, ãã®åãå€ã確ççã«æ±ºãŸã倿°ãšãèšãã.
確ç倿°ãçšããããšã«ãã, ãããŸã§''P''({衚})=1/2 ãªã©ãšæžããŠããæã¯, ''P''(''X''=1)=1/2 ã®ããã«æžãã. ãã®ããã«, èšèã§ã¯ãªã宿°å€ã§äºè±¡ã衚çŸããããšã«ããæ°åŠçã«ã¯ãšãŠãæ±ãæããã®ãšãªã.
ãµã€ã³ãã§ããã°, 確ç倿°ã¯ {1,2,3,4,5,6}ã®6ã€ã®å€ãåã. æ°æž©ãªã©ã§ããã°, 10床, 20床ã®ãããªå€ãããã°, 9.87床ã®ããã«äžéå端ãªå€ãããé£ç¶ãªå€ãåããšããŠãããšããã. ã³ã€ã³æãããµã€ã³ãã®ããã«é£ã³é£ã³ã®å€ãåãå Žåã®ç¢ºç倿°ã'''颿£å確ç倿°'''ã'''颿£ç¢ºç倿°'''ãšãã. äžæ¹, é£ç¶ãªå€ãåã確ç倿°ã'''é£ç¶å確ç倿°'''ã'''é£ç¶ç¢ºç倿°'''ãšãã.
颿£å確ç倿°ã®åãå€ã¯æéåãšã¯éãã, å¯ç®ç¡éåïŒèªç¶æ°ã®åæ°ïŒã®å Žåããã.
== 確ç質é颿° ==
{x<sub>i</sub>}(1≤i<∞)ãå€ã«åã颿£å確ç倿° ''X'' ã ãããšã,
:f(x<sub>i</sub>) = ''P''(''X''=x<sub>i</sub>)
ã«ãã£ãŠé¢æ° ''f'' ãå®çŸ©ããããšãã§ãã. ãã® ''f'' ã'''確ç質é颿°'''ãšãã. 確çã«ãã£ãŠå®çŸ©ãããŠããããšãã
:f(x<sub>i</sub>) ≥ 0
:<math> \sum^{\infty}_{i=1} f(x_i) = 1 </math>
ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãããšãåãã.
== 確çå¯åºŠé¢æ° ==
颿£åã®å Žåãšåãããã«ãé£ç¶åãå®çŸ©ããããã«ã¯, é£ç¶å確ç倿° ''X'' ã«å¯ŸããŠ
:<math>P(a \le X \le b) = \int^b_a f(x) dx </math>
ãæºãã颿°''f''ãèããã°ãã. ãã® ''f'' ã'''確çå¯åºŠé¢æ°'''ãšãã.
:颿£åãšéã£ãŠé£ç¶åã®ç¢ºçã®è¶³ãåããã¯Σã§ã¯ãªãç©åã§è¡šãããŠããããšã«æ³šæ.
颿£åãšåãããã«, 確çã§å®çŸ©ãããŠããããšãã,
:f(x) ≥ 0
:<math> \int^{\infty}_{-\infty} f(x) dx = 1 </math>
ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãããšãåãã.
== 环ç©ååžé¢æ° ==
''f'' ã確ç質é颿°ã確çå¯åºŠé¢æ°ãšããŠ
:<math>F(x) = f(X \le x)</math>
ã«ãã£ãŠå®çŸ©ããã颿° ''F''(''x'')ã, ''f''ã®'''环ç©ååžé¢æ°'''ã'''ååžé¢æ°'''ãšåŒã¶.
ãã®çޝç©ååžé¢æ°ãçšããã°
:<math>P(a < X \le b) = F(b) - F(a) </math>
ãšè¡šãããšãã§ãã.
颿£å確ç倿°ã«å¯Ÿãã环ç©ååžé¢æ°ã¯
:<math> F(x) = \sum_{x_i \le x} f(x_i) </math>
é£ç¶å確ç倿°ã«å¯Ÿãã环ç©ååžé¢æ°ã¯
:<math>F(a) = \int^a_{-\infty} f(x) dx </math>
ãšè¡šçŸã§ãã. 环ç©ååžé¢æ°ã®å€ãåããã° P(a < X ≤ b) ã®å€ãèšç®ã§ããã®ã§, 环ç©ååžé¢æ°ã®å€ãæ°è¡šã«ãŸãšããŠãã, 確çã®èšç®ãè¡ããšããããšããã°ãã°è¡ããã.
== æåŸ
å€ãšåæ£ ==
''f''ã確ç質é颿°ãšãããšãã
:<math>E(X):= \sum_{i=1}^\infty x_if(x_i)</math>
ã'''æåŸ
å€'''ãšããã
:<math>V(X):= \sum_{i=1}^\infty (x_i-E(X))^2 f(x_i)</math>
ã'''忣'''ãšããã忣ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã
:<math>\begin{align}
V(X)&= \sum_{i=1}^\infty (x_i^2-2x_iE(X)+(E(X))^2) f(x_i) \\
&= \sum_{i=1}^\infty x_i^2 f(x_i)-2E(X)\sum_{i=1}^\infty x_if(x_i)+(E(X))^2\sum_{i=1}^\infty f(x_i) \\
&= E(X^2)-2E(X)E(X)+(E(X))^2 \\
&= E(X^2)-(E(X))^2
\end{align}</math>
ãæãç«ã€ã®ã§ããããçšããŠèšç®ããŠãããã
åæ§ã«ã''f''ã確çå¯åºŠé¢æ°ãšãããšãã
:<math>E(X):=\int_{-\infty}^\infty xf(x) dx</math>
ã'''æåŸ
å€'''ãšããã
:<math>V(X):= \int_{-\infty}^\infty (x-E(X))^2f(x) dx</math>
ã'''忣'''ãšããã忣ã«ã€ããŠã¯é¢æ£åã®ãšããšåæ§ã«ã
:<math>\begin{align}
V(X)&= \int_{-\infty}^\infty (x^2-2xE(X)+(E(X))^2) f(x) dx \\
&= \int_{-\infty}^\infty x^2 f(x) dx-2E(X)\int_{-\infty}^\infty xf(x) dx+(E(X))^2\int_{-\infty}^\infty f(x) dx \\
&= E(X^2)-2E(X)E(X)+(E(X))^2 \\
&= E(X^2)-(E(X))^2
\end{align}</math>
ãæãç«ã€ã®ã§ããããçšããŠèšç®ããŠãããã
[[ã«ããŽãª:確çååž]] | 2005-04-06T09:28:15Z | 2024-03-08T14:05:04Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E/%E7%A2%BA%E7%8E%87%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83 |
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çŽæ°ã調ã¹ããšãã«éèŠãªããšã¯ã次㮠2ã€ã§ãã
äŸãã°ãçæ¯çŽæ°ã§ããã°ãäžã§å®çŸ©ããSn(r) 㯠r>1ã®æã«ãnââãšããå Žåãæéãªå€ã«åæããŸããã(+âã«çºæ£ããŸãã)Sn(r) ã®åé
r 㯠i ã倧ãããªãã«ã€ã倧ãããªã£ãŠããããšããããããŸãã
|r| < 1 ã®æã®æ¹ãé¢çœãçµæãåŸãããŸããé
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|r| < 1 ã®æã¯ã r 㯠nââ ã§ 0ã«åæããã®ã§ãã®åŒãåŸãããŸãã
ä»ã®çŽæ°ã§ããçæ¯çŽæ°ã®å ŽåãšäŒŒããããªè©äŸ¡ãããŠãããŸãã
ããããçæ¯çŽæ°ãšéã£ãŠåãç°¡åã«è¡šããããã®ã¯å°ãªããæ®ã©ã®å Žåã«åããã®ã¯ããã®çŽæ°ãåæãããã©ãã?ã ãã§ãã çæ¯çŽæ°ãšç³ã¿èŸŒã¿çŽæ°ã®å Žåã ãã¯ãæ¯èŒçç°¡åã«åæå
ãŸã§æ±ãŸãã®ã§ãã
çŽæ°ãåæãããšããé
an 㯠n ââ ã§ 0 ã«åæããäºã¯ããããã§ãããéã«é
ã 0 ã«åæãããããšãã£ãŠãçŽæ°ãåæãããšã¯éããŸããã
次ã®ãããªèª¿åçŽæ°ãèããŠã¿ãŸãããã å ã¿ã«èª¿åçŽæ°ãšããã®ã¯é
ã 1/n ã§è¡šãããçŽæ°ã®äºã§ãã
â n = 1 2 m 1 n = 1 + 1 2 + 1 3 + 1 4 + 1 5 + 1 6 + 1 7 + 1 8 + ... + 1 2 m {\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{2^{m}}{\frac {1}{n}}=1+{\frac {1}{2}}+{\frac {1}{3}}+{\frac {1}{4}}+{\frac {1}{5}}+{\frac {1}{6}}+{\frac {1}{7}}+{\frac {1}{8}}+\ldots +{\frac {1}{2^{m}}}}
mââ ã®æã æåŸã®åŒãç¡é倧ã«çºæ£ããããããã®èª¿åçŽæ°ã¯çºæ£ãããšããããŸãã ãŸãã倧äœã©ã®ãããã®éãã§çºæ£ããã®ããããããŸããåãããã«éšååãæ¬¡ã®ããã«äžããè©äŸ¡ããäºãã§ããŸãã
æãã¯
äžã®åŒãèŠããšããããšãããéšååã¯å€§äœ log m ãšåããããã®éãã§å¢å ããŠããããšãåãããŸãããšãŠããã£ãããªéãã§ãã
äžã®æ¹æ³ã«æ³šç®ããŠãã ããã調åçŽæ°ã®åææ§ã調ã¹ãããã«ãçºæ£ãããšåãã£ãŠããæ°åãšæ¯ã¹ãŠããŸãã ããã¯åææ§ã®å€å®ã«ããçšããããã©ããªæ°åã§ãã£ãŠã䌌ããããªå€å®æ³ãåãäºãã§ããŸãã
çŽæ°ã®åææ§ã調ã¹ãã«ã¯ãããããªæ¹æ³ããããŸãããã©ããããã§è¿°ã¹ããããªèãæ¹ãæ ¹åºã«ãããŸãã
å®ç: åé
ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ãåã£ãçŽæ° â n = 1 â | a n | {\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\left|a_{n}\right|} ãåæãããªãã°ã â n = 1 â a n {\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }a_{n}} ãåæããã
ãã®å®çã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºãããããšããçŽæ° â n = 1 â a n {\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }a_{n}} ã¯çµ¶å¯ŸåæãããšãããŸãã
åæã¯ããŸããã絶察åæããªãçŽæ°ã®äŸãšããŠã¯ã1-(1/2)+(1/3)-(1/4) ... ããããŸãããã®åé
ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ãåã£ããã®ã¯ãäžã§ã¿ã調åçŽæ°ãªã®ã§çºæ£ããŠããŸãããã®çŽæ°ã¯ ln(2) ã«åæããŸãã
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çŽæ°ã絶察åæããŠãããšããé
ã®åãåãé çªãã©ã®ããã«å€ããŠãåãå€ã«åæããŸãã
çŽæ°ãæ¡ä»¶åæããŠãããšããé
ã®é åºãå€ãããšä»»æã®å€ã«åæããããçºæ£ããããã§ããŸãã
äŸãã°ãçŽæ° 1-(1/2)+(1/3)-(1/4) ... ã¯æ¡ä»¶åæããŸãããæ£ã®é
ãšè² ã®é
ã«ãããæ£ã®é
ãè¶³ãã100 ãè¶
ãããšããã§ãè² ã®é
ãè¶³ãã100ããå°ãããªã£ããšããã§ããŸã100ãè¶
ãããŸã§æ£ã®é
ãè¶³ã...ãšããããšãç¹°ãè¿ããŠããã°ã100ã«åæããçŽæ°ãã§ãããããŸãã
æéåã®é
ã®åãåãå Žåã¯èªç±ã«é åºã倿Žã§ããã®ã§ãããç¡éåãåãå Žåã¯ãã®ãããªãé
ã®é åºãã«æ°ãã€ããªããã°ãªããªãå ŽåããããŸãããããã£ãæå³ã§çµ¶å¯ŸåæããçŽæ°ã¯æ±ãããããããããè¿°ã¹ãåææ§ã®å€å®æ³ã®æ¡ä»¶ãå
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ã§ãããšä»®å®ããŠãããããã®ãã絶察åæãèããŠã®ããšã§ããå
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ã§ããçŽæ°ã§ããã°ã絶察åæãããã+âã«çºæ£ãããã®ã©ã¡ããã§ãã
æ£é
çŽæ° â n = 1 â a n {\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }a_{n}} ã«å¯Ÿã
ãšããæ¥µéããããšããŸãããã®æ
ãšããããšãèšããŸãã
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ãªãã°
ãªã®ã§ããã®çŽæ°ã¯åæããŸãã
f(x) ã¯æ£ã®å€ãåãå調æžå°é¢æ°ã§ãããšããŸãã çŽæ°
ãèãããšããã®çŽæ°ã¯ã次ã®åºçŸ©ç©å
ãåæãããšãããã€ããã®æã«éãåæããŸãã
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ãããã£ãŠãp>1 ã®æããã®åºçŸ©ç©åã¯åæãããšããããçŽæ°ãåæãããšããããŸãã
ãã®å€å®æ³ã®æ£åœæ§ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãããšããããŸãã
åºçŸ©ç©åããã®ããã«åã«åå²ããåŸã«ãf(x)ãå調æžå°ã§ããããšãèããã°ãåé
ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è©äŸ¡ã§ãããšããããŸãã
ãã®äžçåŒã®åãåãã°ãåºçŸ©ç©åã®åææ§ãšãçŽæ°ã®åææ§ãåå€ã§ãããšããããŸãã
ãæéã®å€ã«åæãããªãã°ãΣan ãåæããŸãã
ã§ãããªãã° an ãçºæ£ããŸãã
äŸ
ã®æã倧ã㪠n ã«å¯ŸããŠããã®äžè¬é
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cn = n ãšæ¯ã¹ãŠ
ãšãªãã®ã§ãçŽæ° Σ anã¯çºæ£ããŸãã
æ°å an ã®é
ã®æ£è² ã®ç¬Šå·ã1é
ããšã«å
¥ãæ¿ãããšããã€ãŸã
ãæºãããšãããã®æ°åã®åãäº€ä»£çŽæ°ãšãããŸããäº€ä»£çŽæ°ã¯ã
ãæºãããšãåæããŸãã
ãŸããã®ãšããçŽæ°ã®åæå
ãšéšååãšã®èª€å·®ã®å€§ããã¯ãéšååã«å«ãŸããªãã£ãæåã®é
ãããå°ãããªããŸããããªãã¡ã
幟äœçŽæ°ãšã¯ã
ã®ããã«ãããçŽæ°ã®ããšã§ããæ¥æ¬èªã§ã¯çæ¯çŽæ°ãšããããšãå€ãã§ãããã®ããŒãžã®æåã«èŠãããã«ã幟äœçŽæ°ã¯ | r | < 1 {\displaystyle |r|<1} ã®ãšãåæãããã®åæå
ã¯
ã§ãã
次ã®åœ¢ã®çŽæ°
ãç³ã¿èŸŒã¿çŽæ°ãšããã ãã®åœ¢ã®çŽæ°ã¯æéåãå±éãããš
ãšãªããåãæã¡æ¶ãããšã§
ãšãªãããããã£ãŠã
ãšãªãã®ã§ã極éã®ååšã«ãã£ãŠåæãå€å®ããããšãã§ããã
ãã®ä»ã®å€å®æ³ãååšããããå€ãã®çŽæ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãããã®å€å®æ³ã§ååã§ãããã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽæ°(æãã¯ç¡éçŽæ°)ãšããã®ã¯ãé
ã®åã§æžãããŠãããã®ã§ããç§åŠãå·¥åŠãæ°åŠã®ãããããªåé¡ã«çŸããçŽæ°ã®äžã€ã«çæ¯çŽæ°(æãã¯å¹ŸäœçŽæ°)ãšåŒã°ããçŽæ°ããããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": ". . . {\\displaystyle ...} ã¯ããã®åãç¡éã«ç¶ãããšã瀺ããŠããŸãã çŽæ°ã調ã¹ããšãã«ããäœ¿ãæ¹æ³ãšããŠã¯ãæåã®né
ã®åã調ã¹ããšããæ¹æ³ããããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ãçæ¯çŽæ°ãèãããšããæåã® né
ã®åã¯",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã äžè¬ã«ç¡éçŽæ°ã調ã¹ããšãã«ã¯ããã®ãããªéšååããšãŠã圹ã«ç«ã¡ãŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽæ°ã調ã¹ããšãã«éèŠãªããšã¯ã次㮠2ã€ã§ãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ãçæ¯çŽæ°ã§ããã°ãäžã§å®çŸ©ããSn(r) 㯠r>1ã®æã«ãnââãšããå Žåãæéãªå€ã«åæããŸããã(+âã«çºæ£ããŸãã)Sn(r) ã®åé
r 㯠i ã倧ãããªãã«ã€ã倧ãããªã£ãŠããããšããããããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "|r| < 1 ã®æã®æ¹ãé¢çœãçµæãåŸãããŸããé
ã®æ°ã¯ç¡éãªã®ã«æéãªå€ã«åæããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ãçæ¯æ°åã®åã®å
¬åŒãèãããšåãããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "|r| < 1 ã®æã¯ã r 㯠nââ ã§ 0ã«åæããã®ã§ãã®åŒãåŸãããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»ã®çŽæ°ã§ããçæ¯çŽæ°ã®å ŽåãšäŒŒããããªè©äŸ¡ãããŠãããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããçæ¯çŽæ°ãšéã£ãŠåãç°¡åã«è¡šããããã®ã¯å°ãªããæ®ã©ã®å Žåã«åããã®ã¯ããã®çŽæ°ãåæãããã©ãã?ã ãã§ãã çæ¯çŽæ°ãšç³ã¿èŸŒã¿çŽæ°ã®å Žåã ãã¯ãæ¯èŒçç°¡åã«åæå
ãŸã§æ±ãŸãã®ã§ãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽæ°ãåæãããšããé
an 㯠n ââ ã§ 0 ã«åæããäºã¯ããããã§ãããéã«é
ã 0 ã«åæãããããšãã£ãŠãçŽæ°ãåæãããšã¯éããŸããã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®ãããªèª¿åçŽæ°ãèããŠã¿ãŸãããã å ã¿ã«èª¿åçŽæ°ãšããã®ã¯é
ã 1/n ã§è¡šãããçŽæ°ã®äºã§ãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â n = 1 2 m 1 n = 1 + 1 2 + 1 3 + 1 4 + 1 5 + 1 6 + 1 7 + 1 8 + ... + 1 2 m {\\displaystyle \\sum _{n=1}^{2^{m}}{\\frac {1}{n}}=1+{\\frac {1}{2}}+{\\frac {1}{3}}+{\\frac {1}{4}}+{\\frac {1}{5}}+{\\frac {1}{6}}+{\\frac {1}{7}}+{\\frac {1}{8}}+\\ldots +{\\frac {1}{2^{m}}}}",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "mââ ã®æã æåŸã®åŒãç¡é倧ã«çºæ£ããããããã®èª¿åçŽæ°ã¯çºæ£ãããšããããŸãã ãŸãã倧äœã©ã®ãããã®éãã§çºæ£ããã®ããããããŸããåãããã«éšååãæ¬¡ã®ããã«äžããè©äŸ¡ããäºãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æãã¯",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®åŒãèŠããšããããšãããéšååã¯å€§äœ log m ãšåããããã®éãã§å¢å ããŠããããšãåãããŸãããšãŠããã£ãããªéãã§ãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®æ¹æ³ã«æ³šç®ããŠãã ããã調åçŽæ°ã®åææ§ã調ã¹ãããã«ãçºæ£ãããšåãã£ãŠããæ°åãšæ¯ã¹ãŠããŸãã ããã¯åææ§ã®å€å®ã«ããçšããããã©ããªæ°åã§ãã£ãŠã䌌ããããªå€å®æ³ãåãäºãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽæ°ã®åææ§ã調ã¹ãã«ã¯ãããããªæ¹æ³ããããŸãããã©ããããã§è¿°ã¹ããããªèãæ¹ãæ ¹åºã«ãããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®ç: åé
ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ãåã£ãçŽæ° â n = 1 â | a n | {\\displaystyle \\sum _{n=1}^{\\infty }\\left|a_{n}\\right|} ãåæãããªãã°ã â n = 1 â a n {\\displaystyle \\sum _{n=1}^{\\infty }a_{n}} ãåæããã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å®çã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºãããããšããçŽæ° â n = 1 â a n {\\displaystyle \\sum _{n=1}^{\\infty }a_{n}} ã¯çµ¶å¯ŸåæãããšãããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæã¯ããŸããã絶察åæããªãçŽæ°ã®äŸãšããŠã¯ã1-(1/2)+(1/3)-(1/4) ... ããããŸãããã®åé
ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ãåã£ããã®ã¯ãäžã§ã¿ã調åçŽæ°ãªã®ã§çºæ£ããŠããŸãããã®çŽæ°ã¯ ln(2) ã«åæããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«çµ¶å¯ŸåæããŠããªãããã©ãåæããå ŽåãçŽæ°ã¯æ¡ä»¶åæãããšãããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽæ°ã絶察åæããŠãããšããé
ã®åãåãé çªãã©ã®ããã«å€ããŠãåãå€ã«åæããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽæ°ãæ¡ä»¶åæããŠãããšããé
ã®é åºãå€ãããšä»»æã®å€ã«åæããããçºæ£ããããã§ããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ãçŽæ° 1-(1/2)+(1/3)-(1/4) ... ã¯æ¡ä»¶åæããŸãããæ£ã®é
ãšè² ã®é
ã«ãããæ£ã®é
ãè¶³ãã100 ãè¶
ãããšããã§ãè² ã®é
ãè¶³ãã100ããå°ãããªã£ããšããã§ããŸã100ãè¶
ãããŸã§æ£ã®é
ãè¶³ã...ãšããããšãç¹°ãè¿ããŠããã°ã100ã«åæããçŽæ°ãã§ãããããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æéåã®é
ã®åãåãå Žåã¯èªç±ã«é åºã倿Žã§ããã®ã§ãããç¡éåãåãå Žåã¯ãã®ãããªãé
ã®é åºãã«æ°ãã€ããªããã°ãªããªãå ŽåããããŸãããããã£ãæå³ã§çµ¶å¯ŸåæããçŽæ°ã¯æ±ãããããããããè¿°ã¹ãåææ§ã®å€å®æ³ã®æ¡ä»¶ãå
šãŠæ£ã®é
ã§ãããšä»®å®ããŠãããããã®ãã絶察åæãèããŠã®ããšã§ããå
šãŠãæ£ã®é
ã§ããçŽæ°ã§ããã°ã絶察åæãããã+âã«çºæ£ãããã®ã©ã¡ããã§ãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ£é
çŽæ° â n = 1 â a n {\\displaystyle \\sum _{n=1}^{\\infty }a_{n}} ã«å¯Ÿã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããæ¥µéããããšããŸãããã®æ",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããããšãèšããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã°",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§ããã®çŽæ°ã¯åæããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f(x) ã¯æ£ã®å€ãåãå調æžå°é¢æ°ã§ãããšããŸãã çŽæ°",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãèãããšããã®çŽæ°ã¯ã次ã®åºçŸ©ç©å",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåæãããšãããã€ããã®æã«éãåæããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ã宿°pã«å¯ŸããŠã颿°",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãèããã°",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠãp>1 ã®æããã®åºçŸ©ç©åã¯åæãããšããããçŽæ°ãåæãããšããããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å€å®æ³ã®æ£åœæ§ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãããšããããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºçŸ©ç©åããã®ããã«åã«åå²ããåŸã«ãf(x)ãå調æžå°ã§ããããšãèããã°ãåé
ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è©äŸ¡ã§ãããšããããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®äžçåŒã®åãåãã°ãåºçŸ©ç©åã®åææ§ãšãçŽæ°ã®åææ§ãåå€ã§ãããšããããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæéã®å€ã«åæãããªãã°ãΣan ãåæããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãããªãã° an ãçºæ£ããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸ",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®æã倧ã㪠n ã«å¯ŸããŠããã®äžè¬é
㯠0 ã«åæããŸããã調åçŽæ°ã®äžè¬é
cn = n ãšæ¯ã¹ãŠ",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã®ã§ãçŽæ° Σ anã¯çºæ£ããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°å an ã®é
ã®æ£è² ã®ç¬Šå·ã1é
ããšã«å
¥ãæ¿ãããšããã€ãŸã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºãããšãããã®æ°åã®åãäº€ä»£çŽæ°ãšãããŸããäº€ä»£çŽæ°ã¯ã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºãããšãåæããŸãã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããã®ãšããçŽæ°ã®åæå
ãšéšååãšã®èª€å·®ã®å€§ããã¯ãéšååã«å«ãŸããªãã£ãæåã®é
ãããå°ãããªããŸããããªãã¡ã",
"title": "åææ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "幟äœçŽæ°ãšã¯ã",
"title": "幟äœçŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«ãããçŽæ°ã®ããšã§ããæ¥æ¬èªã§ã¯çæ¯çŽæ°ãšããããšãå€ãã§ãããã®ããŒãžã®æåã«èŠãããã«ã幟äœçŽæ°ã¯ | r | < 1 {\\displaystyle |r|<1} ã®ãšãåæãããã®åæå
ã¯",
"title": "幟äœçŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãã",
"title": "幟äœçŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®åœ¢ã®çŽæ°",
"title": "ç³ã¿èŸŒã¿çŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãç³ã¿èŸŒã¿çŽæ°ãšããã ãã®åœ¢ã®çŽæ°ã¯æéåãå±éãããš",
"title": "ç³ã¿èŸŒã¿çŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããåãæã¡æ¶ãããšã§",
"title": "ç³ã¿èŸŒã¿çŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããããã£ãŠã",
"title": "ç³ã¿èŸŒã¿çŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã®ã§ã極éã®ååšã«ãã£ãŠåæãå€å®ããããšãã§ããã",
"title": "ç³ã¿èŸŒã¿çŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ä»ã®å€å®æ³ãååšããããå€ãã®çŽæ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãããã®å€å®æ³ã§ååã§ãããã",
"title": "ç³ã¿èŸŒã¿çŽæ°"
}
] | null | ==ã¯ããã«==
çŽæ°ïŒæãã¯ç¡éçŽæ°ïŒãšããã®ã¯ãé
ã®åã§æžãããŠãããã®ã§ããç§åŠãå·¥åŠãæ°åŠã®ãããããªåé¡ã«çŸããçŽæ°ã®äžã€ã«çæ¯çŽæ°ïŒæãã¯å¹ŸäœçŽæ°ïŒãšåŒã°ããçŽæ°ããããŸãã
:<math> r + r^2 + r^3 + r^4 + \cdots</math>
<math>...</math>ã¯ããã®åãç¡éã«ç¶ãããšã瀺ããŠããŸãã
çŽæ°ã調ã¹ããšãã«ããäœ¿ãæ¹æ³ãšããŠã¯ãæåã®né
ã®åã調ã¹ããšããæ¹æ³ããããŸãã
äŸãã°ãçæ¯çŽæ°ãèãããšããæåã® né
ã®åã¯
:<math>S_n(r) = \sum_{i=1}^{n} r^i </math>
ãšãªããŸãã
äžè¬ã«ç¡éçŽæ°ã調ã¹ããšãã«ã¯ããã®ãããªéšååããšãŠã圹ã«ç«ã¡ãŸãã
çŽæ°ã調ã¹ããšãã«éèŠãªããšã¯ã次㮠2ã€ã§ãã
*ãã®çŽæ°ã¯åæããã®ãïŒ
*åæãããšãããäœã«åæããã®ãïŒ
äŸãã°ãçæ¯çŽæ°ã§ããã°ãäžã§å®çŸ©ããS<sub>n</sub>(r) 㯠r>1ã®æã«ãn→∞ãšããå Žåãæéãªå€ã«åæããŸãããïŒ+∞ã«çºæ£ããŸããïŒS<sub>n</sub>(r) ã®åé
r<sup>i</sup> 㯠i ã倧ãããªãã«ã€ã倧ãããªã£ãŠããããšããããããŸãã
|r| < 1 ã®æã®æ¹ãé¢çœãçµæãåŸãããŸããé
ã®æ°ã¯ç¡éãªã®ã«æéãªå€ã«åæããŸãã
:<math>\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} S_n(r) = \frac{r}{1-r} </math>
ããã¯ãçæ¯æ°åã®åã®å
¬åŒãèãããšåãããŸãã
:<math>S_n(r) = \sum_{i=1}^{n} r^i = \sum_{i=1}^{n}\left( r\frac{1-r^i}{1-r}- r\frac{1-r^{i-1}}{1-r}\right)= r \frac{1-r^n}{1-r}</math>
|r| < 1 ã®æã¯ã r<sup>n</sup> 㯠n→∞ ã§ 0ã«åæããã®ã§ãã®åŒãåŸãããŸãã
ä»ã®çŽæ°ã§ããçæ¯çŽæ°ã®å ŽåãšäŒŒããããªè©äŸ¡ãããŠãããŸãã
ããããçæ¯çŽæ°ãšéã£ãŠåãç°¡åã«è¡šããããã®ã¯å°ãªããæ®ã©ã®å Žåã«åããã®ã¯ããã®çŽæ°ãåæãããã©ããïŒã ãã§ãã
çæ¯çŽæ°ãšç³ã¿èŸŒã¿çŽæ°ã®å Žåã ãã¯ãæ¯èŒçç°¡åã«åæå
ãŸã§æ±ãŸãã®ã§ãã
==åææ§==
çŽæ°ãåæãããšããé
''a''<sub>''n''</sub> 㯠''n'' →∞ ã§ 0 ã«åæããäºã¯ããããã§ãããéã«é
ã 0 ã«åæãããããšãã£ãŠãçŽæ°ãåæãããšã¯éããŸããã
次ã®ãããªèª¿åçŽæ°ãèããŠã¿ãŸãããã å ã¿ã«èª¿åçŽæ°ãšããã®ã¯é
ã 1/''n'' ã§è¡šãããçŽæ°ã®äºã§ãã
<math>\sum_{n=1}^{2^m} \frac{1}{n} = 1+ \frac{1}{2}+ \frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{8}+ \ldots + \frac{1}{2^m}</math>
:<math> > 1 + \frac{1}{2}+ \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}+ \ldots + \frac{1}{2^m}</math>
:<math> = 1+\frac{1}{2}+ \frac{1}{4}\cdot 2+ \frac{1}{8}\cdot 4+ \ldots+ \frac{1}{2^m}\cdot 2^{m-1} </math>
:<math> = 1+\frac{1}{2}+ \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} + \ldots+ \frac{1}{2} = 1+\frac{m}{2}</math>
''m''→∞ ã®æã æåŸã®åŒãç¡é倧ã«çºæ£ããããããã®èª¿åçŽæ°ã¯çºæ£ãããšããããŸãã
ãŸãã倧äœã©ã®ãããã®éãã§çºæ£ããã®ããããããŸããåãããã«'''éšåå'''ãæ¬¡ã®ããã«äžããè©äŸ¡ããäºãã§ããŸãã
:<math>1+\frac{m}{2} < \sum_{n=1}^{2^m} \frac{1}{n} <1+m </math>
æãã¯
:<math>1+\frac{\log_2 m}{2}< \sum_{n=1}^m \frac{1}{n} < 1+ \log_2 m</math>
äžã®åŒãèŠããšããããšãããéšååã¯å€§äœ log ''m'' ãšåããããã®éãã§å¢å ããŠããããšãåãããŸãããšãŠããã£ãããªéãã§ãã
äžã®æ¹æ³ã«æ³šç®ããŠãã ããã調åçŽæ°ã®åææ§ã調ã¹ãããã«ãçºæ£ãããšåãã£ãŠããæ°åãšæ¯ã¹ãŠããŸãã
ããã¯'''åææ§ã®å€å®'''ã«ããçšããããã©ããªæ°åã§ãã£ãŠã䌌ããããªå€å®æ³ãåãäºãã§ããŸãã
<!--
å
å®¹ãæªããã®ã§ã³ã¡ã³ãã¢ãŠã
This is a ''convergence test'' (also known as the direct comparison test) we can apply to any pair of series.
* If ''b''<sub>''n''</sub> converges and |''a''<sub>''n''</sub>|≤|''b''<sub>''n''</sub>| then ''a''<sub>''n''</sub> converges.
* If ''b''<sub>''n''</sub> diverges and |''a''<sub>''n''</sub>|≥|''b''<sub>''n''</sub>| then ''a''<sub>''n''</sub> diverges.
-->
çŽæ°ã®åææ§ã調ã¹ãã«ã¯ãããããªæ¹æ³ããããŸãããã©ããããã§è¿°ã¹ããããªèãæ¹ãæ ¹åºã«ãããŸãã
===絶察åæ===
å®ç: åé
ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ãåã£ãçŽæ° <math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty \left| a_n \right|</math> ãåæãããªãã°ã <math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n</math> ãåæããã
ãã®å®çã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºãããããšããçŽæ° <math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n</math> ã¯'''絶察åæãã'''ãšãããŸãã
åæã¯ããŸããã絶察åæããªãçŽæ°ã®äŸãšããŠã¯ã1-(1/2)+(1/3)-(1/4) ... ããããŸãããã®åé
ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ãåã£ããã®ã¯ãäžã§ã¿ã調åçŽæ°ãªã®ã§çºæ£ããŠããŸãããã®çŽæ°ã¯ ln(2) ã«åæããŸãã
ãã®ããã«çµ¶å¯ŸåæããŠããªãããã©ãåæããå ŽåãçŽæ°ã¯'''æ¡ä»¶åæ'''ãããšãããŸãã
çŽæ°ã絶察åæããŠãããšããé
ã®åãåãé çªãã©ã®ããã«å€ããŠãåãå€ã«åæããŸãã
çŽæ°ãæ¡ä»¶åæããŠãããšããé
ã®é åºãå€ãããšä»»æã®å€ã«åæããããçºæ£ããããã§ããŸãã
äŸãã°ãçŽæ° 1-(1/2)+(1/3)-(1/4) ... ã¯æ¡ä»¶åæããŸãããæ£ã®é
ãšè² ã®é
ã«ãããæ£ã®é
ãè¶³ãã100 ãè¶
ãããšããã§ãè² ã®é
ãè¶³ãã100ããå°ãããªã£ããšããã§ããŸã100ãè¶
ãããŸã§æ£ã®é
ãè¶³ãâŠãšããããšãç¹°ãè¿ããŠããã°ã100ã«åæããçŽæ°ãã§ãããããŸãã
æéåã®é
ã®åãåãå Žåã¯èªç±ã«é åºã倿Žã§ããã®ã§ãããç¡éåãåãå Žåã¯ãã®ãããªãé
ã®é åºãã«æ°ãã€ããªããã°ãªããªãå ŽåããããŸãããããã£ãæå³ã§çµ¶å¯ŸåæããçŽæ°ã¯æ±ãããããããããè¿°ã¹ãåææ§ã®å€å®æ³ã®æ¡ä»¶ãå
šãŠæ£ã®é
ã§ãããšä»®å®ããŠãããããã®ãã絶察åæãèããŠã®ããšã§ããå
šãŠãæ£ã®é
ã§ããçŽæ°ã§ããã°ã絶察åæãããã+∞ã«çºæ£ãããã®ã©ã¡ããã§ãã
===æ¯ã«ããå€å®æ³===
æ£é
çŽæ° <math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n</math> ã«å¯Ÿã
:<math> \lim_{n \to \infty } \frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n} = r</math>
ãšããæ¥µéããããšããŸãããã®æ
*''r''<1 ãªãã°çŽæ°ã¯åæããŸãã
*''r''>1 ãªãã°çŽæ°ã¯çºæ£ããŸãã
*''r''=1 ãªãã°ããã®å€å®æ³ã§ã¯åæãããã©ãã倿ã§ããŸããã
ãšããããšãèšããŸãã
äŸãã°
:<math>a_n=\frac{n!n!}{(2n)!}</math>
ãªãã°
:<math>\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}=\frac{(n+1)^2}{(2n+1)(2n+2)}=\frac{n+1}{4n+2} \to \frac{1}{4}</math>
ãªã®ã§ããã®çŽæ°ã¯åæããŸãã
===ç©åã«ããå€å®æ³===
''f''(''x'') ã¯æ£ã®å€ãåãå調æžå°é¢æ°ã§ãããšããŸãã
çŽæ°
:<math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty f(n)</math>
ãèãããšããã®çŽæ°ã¯ã次ã®åºçŸ©ç©å
:<math>\int_1^\infty f(x)dx</math>
ãåæãããšãããã€ããã®æã«éãåæããŸãã
äŸãã°ã宿°''p''ã«å¯ŸããŠã颿°
:<math>f(x)=\frac{1}{x^p}</math>
ãèããã°
*''p''=1 ã®æã¯ã調åçŽæ°ãªã®ã§çºæ£ããŸãã
*''p''<1 ã®æã¯ã調åçŽæ°ã®æããããåé
ã倧ããã®ã§çºæ£ããŸãã
*''p''>1 ã®æã¯ãåæããŸããããã¯æ¬¡ã®èšç®ããããããŸãã
:<math>\begin{matrix}\int_1^\infty x^{-p}dx & = & \lim_{s \to \infty}\int_1^s x^{-p}dx & \\
& = & \lim_{s \to \infty } \left. \frac{-1}{(p-1)x^{p-1}} \right|^s_1 & \\
& = & \lim_{s \to \infty } \left( \frac{1}{p-1}-\frac{1}{(p-1)s^{p-1}} \right)
& =\frac{1}{p-1} \end{matrix}</math>
ãããã£ãŠã''p''>1 ã®æããã®åºçŸ©ç©åã¯åæãããšããããçŽæ°ãåæãããšããããŸãã
ãã®å€å®æ³ã®æ£åœæ§ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãããšããããŸãã
:<math>\int_1^\infty f(x)dx=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \int_n^{n+1} f(x)dx</math>
åºçŸ©ç©åããã®ããã«åã«åå²ããåŸã«ã''f''(''x'')ãå調æžå°ã§ããããšãèããã°ãåé
ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è©äŸ¡ã§ãããšããããŸãã
:<math>f(n) \ge \int_n^{n+1} f(x)dx \ge f(n+1)</math>
ãã®äžçåŒã®åãåãã°ãåºçŸ©ç©åã®åææ§ãšãçŽæ°ã®åææ§ãåå€ã§ãããšããããŸãã
===é
ã®æ¥µéã®æ¯èŒã«ããå€å®===
* çŽæ° Σ ''b''<sub>n</sub> ãåæã
:<math> \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{|a_n|}{b_n}</math>
ãæéã®å€ã«åæãããªãã°ãΣ''a''<sub>n</sub> ãåæããŸãã
* ''c''<sub>n</sub> ãçºæ£ã
:<math> \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{|a_n|}{c_n} > 0</math>
ã§ãããªãã° ''a''<sub>n</sub> ãçºæ£ããŸãã
'''äŸ'''
:<math>a_n=n^{-\frac{n+1}{n}}</math>
ã®æã倧ã㪠''n'' ã«å¯ŸããŠããã®äžè¬é
㯠0 ã«åæããŸããã調åçŽæ°ã®äžè¬é
''c''<sub>n</sub> = ''n''<sup>−1</sup> ãšæ¯ã¹ãŠ
:<math>\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{|a_n|}{c_n} = \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{n}{n^{\frac{n+1}{n}}} =
\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac {1}{n^{\frac {1}{n}}}=1>0</math>
ãšãªãã®ã§ãçŽæ° Σ ''a''<sub>n</sub>ã¯çºæ£ããŸãã
=== äº€ä»£çŽæ° ===
æ°å ''a''<sub>n</sub> ã®é
ã®æ£è² ã®ç¬Šå·ã1é
ããšã«å
¥ãæ¿ãããšããã€ãŸã
:<math>a_n=(-1)^n |a_n| \,</math>
ãæºãããšãããã®æ°åã®åãäº€ä»£çŽæ°ãšãããŸããäº€ä»£çŽæ°ã¯ã
:<math>\lim_{n \to \infty}a_n=0</math> ã〠<math>\ |a_{n+1}| < |a_n|</math>.
ãæºãããšãåæããŸãã
ãŸããã®ãšããçŽæ°ã®åæå
ãšéšååãšã®èª€å·®ã®å€§ããã¯ãéšååã«å«ãŸããªãã£ãæåã®é
ãããå°ãããªããŸããããªãã¡ã
:<math>\left| \sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n - \sum_{n=1}^m a_n \right| < |a_{m+1}|</math>
== 幟äœçŽæ° ==
幟äœçŽæ°ãšã¯ã
:<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty ar^n</math> ãŸã㯠<math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty ar^{n-1}</math>
ã®ããã«ãããçŽæ°ã®ããšã§ããæ¥æ¬èªã§ã¯çæ¯çŽæ°ãšããããšãå€ãã§ãããã®ããŒãžã®æåã«èŠãããã«ã幟äœçŽæ°ã¯<math>|r|<1</math>ã®ãšãåæãããã®åæå
ã¯
:<math>\ S = \frac{a}{1-r}. </math>
ã§ãã
==ç³ã¿èŸŒã¿çŽæ°==
次ã®åœ¢ã®çŽæ°
:<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty( b_n - b_{n+1})</math>
ãç³ã¿èŸŒã¿çŽæ°ãšããã
ãã®åœ¢ã®çŽæ°ã¯æéåãå±éãããš
:<math>\sum_{n=0}^k (b_n - b_{n+1})= (b_0 - b_1) + (b_1 - b_2) + \dots + (b_{k-1} - b_k)</math>
ãšãªããåãæã¡æ¶ãããšã§
:<math>\sum_{n=0}^k (b_n - b_{n+1})= b_0 - b_k</math>
ãšãªãããããã£ãŠã
:<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty (b_n - b_{n+1}) =
\lim_{k \to \infty} \sum_{n=0}^k (b_n - b_{n+1}) =
\lim_{k \to \infty} (b_0 - b_k) = b_0 - \lim_{k \to \infty} b_k</math>
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[[Category:è§£æåŠ|ããããã]] | null | 2013-03-11T07:21:37Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E/%E7%B4%9A%E6%95%B0 |
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ã¹ã©ã€ããŒãæäœããŠãCurved-MPRäœæã«é©ããã·ãªãŒãºå
ç»åãéžæããŸãã
2) ROI ã¡ãã¥ãŒããŒãã Open Poligon (F12) ãããã¯éç (F14) ããŒã«ãéžæããŸãã
3) éžæããROI ããŒã«ã䜿çšããŠãäœæãããæ²é¢ã«åãããæ²ç·ãæããŠãããŸãã
4) 2D-3D ã¡ãã¥ãŒãã 2-D Curved MPR ãéžæããŸãã
5) 衚瀺ãããèšå®ãŠã€ã³ããŠãã thick slab ã®èšå®ããããªããŸãããŸãããã§ãã¯ããã¯ã¹ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŠèšå®ãããã°ã
æ²é¢ã«å¯ŸããŠçŽäº€ããæé¢ãåæã«äœæããäºãå¯èœã§ããèšå®ãå®äºãããã OK ãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŸãã
6) äœæããã倿é¢åæ§æåãå¥ãŠã€ã³ããŠã§è¡šç€ºãããŸããæ²é¢ä»»æå€æé¢åæ§æåã®åºæ¥äžããã§ãã
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OsiriX < ^ > | [
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ç»åãéžæããŸãã 2) ROI ã¡ãã¥ãŒããŒãã Open Poligon (F12) ãããã¯éç (F14) ããŒã«ãéžæããŸãã 3) éžæããROI ããŒã«ã䜿çšããŠãäœæãããæ²é¢ã«åãããæ²ç·ãæããŠãããŸãã 4) 2D-3D ã¡ãã¥ãŒãã 2-D Curved MPR ãéžæããŸãã 5) 衚瀺ãããèšå®ãŠã€ã³ããŠãã thick slab ã®èšå®ããããªããŸãããŸãããã§ãã¯ããã¯ã¹ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŠèšå®ãããã°ã æ²é¢ã«å¯ŸããŠçŽäº€ããæé¢ãåæã«äœæããäºãå¯èœã§ããèšå®ãå®äºãããã OK ãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŸãã 6) äœæããã倿é¢åæ§æåãå¥ãŠã€ã³ããŠã§è¡šç€ºãããŸããæ²é¢ä»»æå€æé¢åæ§æåã®åºæ¥äžããã§ãã çŽäº€æé¢äœæãèšå®ããŠããå Žåã«ã¯ãçŽäº€æé¢ã®å€æé¢åæ§æåã®ãŠã€ã³ããŠãåæã«è¡šç€ºãããŸãã OsiriX < ^ > | [[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
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----
'''Curved-MPR ã®äœææ³'''
1) ''ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãŠã€ã³ããŠ''ãã察象ãšããã·ãªãŒãºãéžæããŸãã
''ã¹ã©ã€ããŒ''ãæäœããŠãCurved-MPRäœæã«é©ããã·ãªãŒãºå
ç»åãéžæããŸãã
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriXCurvedMPR01.jpg]]</center>
2) ''ROI ã¡ãã¥ãŒããŒ''ãã ''Open Poligon (F12)'' ãããã¯''éç (F14)'' ããŒã«ãéžæããŸãã
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriXCurvedMPR02.jpg]]</center>
3) éžæãã''ROI ããŒã«''ã䜿çšããŠãäœæãããæ²é¢ã«åãããæ²ç·ãæããŠãããŸãã
<center>[[Image:OsiriXCurvedMPR03.jpg]]</center>
4) ''2D-3D ã¡ãã¥ãŒ''ãã ''2-D Curved MPR'' ãéžæããŸãã
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriXCurvedMPR04.jpg]]</center>
5) 衚瀺ãããèšå®ãŠã€ã³ããŠãã ''thick slab'' ã®èšå®ããããªããŸãããŸãã''ãã§ãã¯ããã¯ã¹''ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŠèšå®ãããã°ã
æ²é¢ã«å¯ŸããŠ''çŽäº€ããæé¢''ãåæã«äœæããäºãå¯èœã§ããèšå®ãå®äºãããã ''OK'' ãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŸãã
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriXCurvedMPR05.jpg]]</center>
6) äœæããã倿é¢åæ§æåãå¥ãŠã€ã³ããŠã§è¡šç€ºãããŸããæ²é¢ä»»æå€æé¢åæ§æåã®åºæ¥äžããã§ãã
çŽäº€æé¢äœæãèšå®ããŠããå Žåã«ã¯ãçŽäº€æé¢ã®å€æé¢åæ§æåã®ãŠã€ã³ããŠãåæã«è¡šç€ºãããŸãã
<center>[[ç»å:OsiriXCurvedMPR06.jpg]]</center>
----
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž|OsiriX]] <br>
[[OsiriX ãªã³ã©ã€ã³è§£èª¬ææž/OsiriXå
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[[Category:OsiriX|ãããããã«ãããããããããããããããããããããã]] | null | 2015-08-29T00:59:41Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/OsiriX_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8/OsiriX%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80_%E6%9B%B2%E9%9D%A2%E4%BB%BB%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%AD%E9%9D%A2%E5%86%8D%E6%A7%8B%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E3%82%92%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B |
1,850 | ãžã§ãŒã¯é/é»çãžã§ãŒã¯ | äžè¬ã«é»çãžã§ãŒã¯ã¯ããé»çããã蟌ãã®ã«ââã¯äœäººå¿
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Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ããã°ã©ã(Programmers) ãå¿
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Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®äžçµ¶è³æè
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Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ãã©ã³ãããå¥è
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{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè¬ã«é»çãžã§ãŒã¯ã¯ããé»çããã蟌ãã®ã«ââã¯äœäººå¿
èŠã§ãã?ããšãã質åã«ãââã«é¢é£ããé¢çœãçããè¿ããšãã圢åŒã®ãžã§ãŒã¯ã®ããšã§ããæ¥æ¬ã§ããã°ãå¯åžãªã©ã§è¡ãããŠããå°åãåçã®ãããªãã®ãšæã£ãŠãããšæããŸãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããã®ã¯",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãã圢ã§ã®ãžã§ãŒã¯ã§ãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®äŸã¯é»çãžã§ãŒã¯ã®ååãšããŠçšãããããã®ã®äžã€ã§ãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã®é»çãžã§ãŒã¯ãåç
§ããŠãã ããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«ããé»çãžã§ãŒã¯ã®äžèЧã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã®ãããããªé»çãžã§ãŒã¯ãå
ã«äœãããŸããã äžã«ã¯ãŠã£ãã¡ãã£ã¢ã³ã®èªäœã®ãã®ããããããããŸããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåããŠåãä»ããããã«äœäººã®ç¡ç¥è«è
(atheists) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "A"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»ç(lightbulb) ãåããŠåãä»ããããã«äœäººã®ADD(Attention Deficit Disorder) ã®åäŸãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "A"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããããã«äœäººã®ä¿³åª(actors) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "A"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåããŠåãä»ããã®ã«äœäººã®é¬éè¡åž«(alchemists) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "A"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®ã¢ã«ãææãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "A"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®ãã¹ææãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "B"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãå€ããã®ã«äœäººã®ãããã¹ãä¿¡è
(Baptists) ãå¿
èŠããª?",
"title": "B"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ããŒã·ã¹ã(bassists) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "B"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®ãã€ã¯ä¹ã(biker) ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "B"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåããŠåãä»ããããã«äœäººã®å®å(bureaucrats) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "B"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ããã·ã¥æ¿æš©ã®ã¡ã³ããŒãäœäººå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "B"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®ããã·ã¥ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "B"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çããã蟌ãã®ã«äœäººã®ã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢äºº(Californians) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "C"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çããã蟌ãã®ã«äœäººã®å€§å·¥(carpenters) ãå¿
èŠã ã?",
"title": "C"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ã«ã³ããªãŒãã¥ãŒãžãã¯(Country and Western) ã®ææã¯äœäººå¿
�",
"title": "C"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãå€ããããã«ã³ã³ãµã«ã¿ã³ã(Consultants) ã¯äœäººå¿
�",
"title": "C"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãå€ããããã«äœäººã®ã¯ãªã¹ãã£ã³(Christians) ãå¿
�",
"title": "C"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ã¯äœäººã®ã«ã€ããã©ã¯ã¿ãŒ(Chiropractors) ãå¿
�",
"title": "C"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãä»ããã®ã«äœäººã®ãããããã(Deadheads:ãã³ãGrateful Deadã®ãã¡ã³)ãå¿
èŠãšããŸãã?",
"title": "D"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãä»ããã®ã«äœäººã®ãã©ãŽã³ããŒã«(Dragon Ball) ã®ç»å Žäººç©ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "D"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãä»ããã®ã«äœäººã®ãã©ããŒ(drummers) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "D"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãä»ããã®ã«å®å䞻矩è
(existentialists) ã¯äœäººå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "E"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãå€ããããã«äœäººã®çµæžåŠè
(economists) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "E"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãã€ããã®ã«äœäººã®ã€ã®ãªã¹äºº(Englishmen) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "E"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®emo kidsãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "E"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®çŠé³æŽŸ(evangelicals) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "E"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®é£ã人(fishermen) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "F"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ãäœäººã®ãã©ã³ã¯ã»ã¶ãã(Frank Zappas) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "F"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ãã©ã³ã¹äºº(French) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "F"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çããã蟌ãã®ã«äœäººã®ãã§ããã¹ã(feminists) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "F"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ãã£ã³ã©ã³ã人(Finnish)ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "F"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®æ¶é²å£«(firefighter) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "F"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ãç¢æã¡(Go players) ã¯äœäººå¿
�",
"title": "G"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåããŠåãä»ããã®ã«ãäœæ±ã®ç¥æ§(gods) ãå¿
èŠããã?",
"title": "G"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãä»ããã®ã« äœå¹ã®ã°ã«ãŒ(grues) ãå¿
�",
"title": "G"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®æµ®æµªè
(hobos) ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "H"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ããŒãŽã¡ãŒã倧åŠã®ææã¯äœäººå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "H"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ãã ã¹ã¿ãŒã¯äœå¹å¿
èŠã ãã?",
"title": "H"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«å¿
èŠãªã¢ã€ã«ã©ã³ã人(Irishmen) ã¯äœäºº?",
"title": "I"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãã€ããã®ã«äœäººã®ã€ã¿ãªã¢äºº(Italian) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "I"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:1åã®é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®æ¥æ¬äººèгå
客ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "J"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:1åã®é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®æ¥æ¬äººãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "J"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:1åã®é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®æ¥æ¬äººãµã©ãªãŒãã³ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "J"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ãŠãã€äººã®æ¯èŠªãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "J"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ãžã£ã°ã©ãŒ(juggler) ãå¿
�",
"title": "J"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ã¯ãªã³ãŽã³äºº(Klingons) ãå¿
�",
"title": "K"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®åžæž(librarian) ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "L"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®åŒè·å£«(lawyer) ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "L"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ã¬ãºãã¢ã³(lesbian) ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "L"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãä»ãã(screw) ã®ã«äœäººã®ãªãã©ã«ã»ã¢ãŒã(liberal arts) ã®ææãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "L"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "L"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ãã«ã¯ã¹äž»çŸ©è
(Marxists) ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "M"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãä»ãã(screw in) ã®ã«äœäººã®ç·ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "M"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:寿åœã®ããé»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ãã€ã¯ããœããã®ããã°ã©ããå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "M"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ãã€ã¯ããœããã®ãšã³ãžãã¢ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "M"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®å°äºº(midgets) ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "M"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ããããªã¹ã(minimalists) ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "M"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®æ ç»ç£ç£ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "M"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ãã«ã·ã¹ã(narcissists) ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "N"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®2ã¡ãããããŒãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "N"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®åååãšã³ãžãã¢ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "N"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ã€ã³ããŒ(New Yorkers) ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "N"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«å€§éªäººã¯äœäººå¿
�",
"title": "O"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ãªããžã§ã¯ããã£ã©ã¯äœäººå¿
�",
"title": "O"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®ãã³ã¯ããã«ãŒãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "P"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çã亀æããã®ã«ãã³ãã³ã¹ããç¥ã人(Pentecostals) ãäœäººå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "P"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "P"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®èŠå®(policeman) ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "P"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®å¿çåŠè
ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "P"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ããã°ã©ã(Programmers) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "P"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®è©©äºº(poets) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "P"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®äžçµ¶å察è
(pro-lifers) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "P"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®äžçµ¶è³æè
(pro-choicers) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "P"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®æ£çŽãªæ¿æ²»å®¶ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "P"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®ç«æäººãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "Q"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®ãœé£äººãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "R"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãä»ããã®ã«äœäººã®èäœåŽåè
(rednecks) ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "R"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:çºå
ããã«ã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®ã¹ããŒã ãã«ãŒããŒãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "S"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®ãœãã©ãææãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "S"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ã·ã¥ã«ã¬ã¢ãªã¹ã(surrealists) ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "S"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«çµ±èšåŠè
(statistician)ã¯äœäººå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "S"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãå€ããã®ã«äœäººã®ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©è
(socialists)ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "S"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãå€ããã®ã«äœäººã®ãœã·ã£ã²ãã£ã©(social game character)ãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "S"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãå€ããã®ã«äœäººã®Sloane Rangersãå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "S"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®ãããŒã«ææãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "T"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ã¿ãã¬ã€(tough guys) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "T"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ãã©ã³ãããå¥è
(trumpet players) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "T"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ãããã·ãŒåçé¢ä¿è
ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "T"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®æ³¥æ£(thieves) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "T"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:\"é»çã亀æããã«ã¯äœäººã®ãŠãã¿ãªã¢ã³ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?\"",
"title": "U"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ãäœäººã®çŸè¡é€šã®å®¢(art museum visitors) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "V"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ãäœäººã®ãŠã§ã€ã¿ãŒ/ãŠã§ã€ãã¬ã¹(waiters/waitresses) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "W"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ãäœäººã®ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã³(wikipedian) ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "W"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ãçŠ
å§(Zen monk) ã¯äœäººå¿
èŠã?",
"title": "Z"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "()ã®äžã«é©åœãªåèªãå
¥ããã",
"title": "æ±çšçãªãã®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ãäœå¹ã®(åç©å)ãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "æ±çšçãªãã®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Q:é»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ãäœäººã®(倧åŠå)ã®åŠçãå¿
èŠã§ãã?",
"title": "æ±çšçãªãã®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é»çãžã§ãŒã¯ã¯ããé»çãåãæããããšããã®ãããšããšã ãããå£ã«ãã³ããå¡ãããªã©ã®æŽŸçäœåãããã",
"title": "掟çäœå"
}
] | äžè¬ã«é»çãžã§ãŒã¯ã¯ããé»çããã蟌ãã®ã«ââã¯äœäººå¿
èŠã§ããïŒããšãã質åã«ãââã«é¢é£ããé¢çœãçããè¿ããšãã圢åŒã®ãžã§ãŒã¯ã®ããšã§ããæ¥æ¬ã§ããã°ãå¯åžãªã©ã§è¡ãããŠããå°åãåçã®ãããªãã®ãšæã£ãŠãããšæããŸãã ããããã®ã¯ ãšãã圢ã§ã®ãžã§ãŒã¯ã§ãã æ¬¡ã®äŸã¯é»çãžã§ãŒã¯ã®ååãšããŠçšãããããã®ã®äžã€ã§ãã ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã®é»çãžã§ãŒã¯ãåç
§ããŠãã ããã ããã«ããé»çãžã§ãŒã¯ã®äžèЧã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã®ãããããªé»çãžã§ãŒã¯ãå
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__NOTOC__
{| border="0" id="toc" style="margin: 0 auto;" align=center
| '''Table of contents:'''
[[#A|A]] [[#B|B]] [[#C|C]] [[#D|D]] [[#E|E]] [[#F|F]] [[#G|G]] [[#H|H]] [[#I|I]] [[#J|J]] [[#K|K]] [[#L|L]] [[#M|M]] [[#N|N]] [[#O|O]] [[#P|P]] [[#Q|Q]] [[#R|R]] [[#S|S]] [[#T|T]] [[#U|U]] [[#V|V]] [[#W|W]] [[#X|X]] [[#Y|Y]] [[#Z|Z]]
|}
== A ==
QïŒé»çãåããŠåãä»ããããã«äœäººã®[[w:ç¡ç¥è«|ç¡ç¥è«è
]](atheists) ãå¿
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:AïŒäžèŠã§ããç¡ç¥è«è
ã¯æéã«ã¯å±
ãŸãããå€ãªå®æã«ã²ã£ããã£ã人éãšéã£ãŠã
QïŒé»ç(lightbulb) ãåããŠåãä»ããããã«äœäººã®[[w:æ³šææ¬ é¥é害|ADD]](Attention Deficit Disorder) ã®åäŸãå¿
èŠã§ããïŒ
:AïŒèªè»¢è»ã«ä¹ãã«(ride bikes) è¡ããïŒ
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QïŒé»çãåãæ¿ããããã«äœäººã®[[w:俳åª|俳åª]](actors) ãå¿
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:AïŒ1人ã ãã§ãã圌çã¯ã¹ãããã©ã€ãã®å
±æããšãŠãå«ãããã
QïŒé»çãåããŠåãä»ããã®ã«äœäººã®[[w:é¬éè¡|é¬éè¡åž«]](alchemists) ãå¿
èŠã§ããïŒ
:AïŒã©ãã«åãä»ããã€ããïŒ
QïŒé»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®ã¢ã«ãææãå¿
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:A1ïŒç¡çã§ãããããªé«ããŸã§å±ããŸããã
:A2ïŒ2人ã§ãã1人ãé»çãåãããã1人ããããªãã«ã¯å°ãé«éããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã£ãŠïŒããšèšããŸãã
== B ==
QïŒé»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®ãã¹ææãå¿
èŠã§ããïŒ
:AïŒç¡çšã§ãã圌ãã¯ç·ã®äžã®ç·ãªã®ã§ãæéãæ©ããŠåãããããããããã«æã€æ¹ãéžã³ãŸãã
QïŒé»çãå€ããã®ã«äœäººã®[[w:ãããã¹ãæäŒ|ãããã¹ãä¿¡è
]](Baptists) ãå¿
èŠããªïŒ
:AïŒå€ããïŒãç¡çã ãã
QïŒé»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®[[w:ããŒã·ã¹ã|ããŒã·ã¹ã]](bassists) ãå¿
èŠã§ããïŒ
:AïŒç¡çã[[w:ããŒããŒãã£ã¹ã|ããŒããŒãã£ã¹ã]]ãªãå·Šæã§ã§ããã®ã«ã
QïŒé»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®ãã€ã¯ä¹ã(biker) ãå¿
èŠãïŒ
:AïŒ2人ã1人ãé»çãåæ¿ãããã1人ãã¹ã€ããã蹎ã£é£ã°ãã
QïŒé»çãåããŠåãä»ããããã«äœäººã®[[w:å®å|å®å]](bureaucrats) ãå¿
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:AïŒ2人ã é»çãå·®ã蟌ãã®ã«1人ãšãããã§çããã®ã«1人ã
QïŒé»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ããã·ã¥æ¿æš©ã®ã¡ã³ããŒãäœäººå¿
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:é»çãåãæ¿ããªããã°ãªããªãããšãåŠå®ããã®ã«1人ã
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:ãã§ã€ããŒå¯å€§çµ±é ãšååããããªããŒãã³ã»ã€ã³ãã¹ããªãŒãºç€Ÿã«å¯ŸããŠãé»ç1ã€ã«100äžãã«ãæ¯æãæã¯ããæŽããã®ã«1人ã
:ããã·ã¥ããã©ã€ãã¹ãŒãå§¿ã§ç±³åœæã«èº«ãå
ãã§é»çãåãæ¿ããŠããã·ãŒã³ã瀺ãåçãæ®åœ±ããæ®µåããæŽããã®ã«1人ã
:æåŸã«ãããã·ã¥ã«å¯ŸããŠãé»çããã£ã€ããœã±ããã«ãã蟌ãããšãšããã®åœããã£ã€ãã€ãã¡ããããšã®éãã説æããã®ã«1人ã
QïŒé»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®ããã·ã¥ãå¿
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== C ==
QïŒé»çããã蟌ãã®ã«äœäººã®[[w:ã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢|ã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢äºº]](Californians) ãå¿
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:AïŒã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢äººãªããœã±ãããããªã㊠[[w:颚å|济槜]](hot tubs) ã«ãã蟌ãã ãããã
QïŒé»çããã蟌ãã®ã«äœäººã®[[w:倧工|倧工]](carpenters) ãå¿
èŠã ãïŒ
:AïŒãããããã¯ã[[:en:w:electrician|黿°å·¥]]ã®ä»äºã ããã倧工ãããªããŠã
QïŒé»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ã«ã³ããªãŒãã¥ãŒãžãã¯(Country and Western) ã®ææã¯äœäººå¿
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QïŒé»çãå€ããããã«[[:en:w:Consultant|ã³ã³ãµã«ã¿ã³ã]](Consultants) ã¯äœäººå¿
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QïŒé»çãå€ããããã«äœäººã®[[w:ã¯ãªã¹ãã£ã³|ã¯ãªã¹ãã£ã³]](Christians) ãå¿
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QïŒé»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ã¯äœäººã®[[w:ã«ã€ããã©ã¯ãã£ãã¯|ã«ã€ããã©ã¯ã¿ãŒ]](Chiropractors) ãå¿
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== D ==
QïŒé»çãåãä»ããã®ã«äœäººã®[[w:ãããããã|ãããããã]]ïŒDeadheads:ãã³ã[[:en:w:Grateful Dead|Grateful Dead]]ã®ãã¡ã³ïŒãå¿
èŠãšããŸããïŒ
:AïŒ20001人ã§ãã ãŸã1人ã¯é»çãåãä»ããŸãããã®å Žã§2000人ããã®ä»ã§18000人ããã®å§¿ãèŠãŠãçãå°œããŸãã
:â»ç±ççãªãã¡ã³ãå€ããã³ãã®ããã§ãã
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QïŒé»çãåãä»ããã®ã«äœäººã®[[w:ãã©ãŽã³ããŒã«|ãã©ãŽã³ããŒã«]](Dragon Ball) ã®ç»å Žäººç©ãå¿
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QïŒé»çãåãä»ããã®ã«äœäººã®[[w:ãã©ããŒ|ãã©ããŒ]](drummers) ãå¿
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:AïŒ5人ã§ããåãä»ãã«1人ãšã[[:en:w:Neil Peart|ããŒã«ã»ããŒã]]ã ã£ããã©ããããïŒãèªãåãã®ã4人ã
== E ==
QïŒé»çãåãä»ããã®ã«[[w:å®å䞻矩|å®å䞻矩è
]](existentialists) ã¯äœäººå¿
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QïŒé»çãå€ããããã«äœäººã®[[w:çµæžåŠè
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QïŒé»çãåãã€ããã®ã«äœäººã®[[w:ã€ã®ãªã¹|ã€ã®ãªã¹äºº]](Englishmen) ãå¿
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QïŒé»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®[[w:çŠé³æŽŸ|çŠé³æŽŸ]](evangelicals) ãå¿
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== F ==
QïŒé»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®[[w:é£ã|é£ã人]](fishermen) ãå¿
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QïŒé»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«ãäœäººã®[[w:ãã©ã³ã¯ã»ã¶ãã|ãã©ã³ã¯ã»ã¶ãã]](Frank Zappas) ãå¿
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-->
== I ==
QïŒé»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«å¿
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== J ==
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QïŒ"How many Jewish mothers does it take to change a lightbulb?"
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== K ==
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== L ==
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-->
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QïŒ"How many liberal arts professors does it take to screw in a light bulb?"
:AïŒ"6 to write papers on how electricity is inherently destrictive to light bulbs, 19 to denounce light bulbs as a dead white male invention, 5 to declare the act of installing a light bulb is a rape analogy (why else would they call it 'screwing'?), 3 to backstab the first 6 during a faculty meeting, and 4 to accuse the administration of sexism—2 of them using lawyers. All 37 say that the other 36 are taking the subject too lightly. In the meantime, it doesn't occur to ''a single one'' to find a ladder and change the goddamned bulb."
-->
== M ==
QïŒé»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®[[w:ãã«ã¯ã¹äž»çŸ©|ãã«ã¯ã¹äž»çŸ©]]è
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QïŒ"How many Matrixists does it take to change a lightbulb?"
:AïŒ"There is no lightbulb."
-->
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QïŒ"How many men does it take to screw in a lightbulb?"
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-->
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QïŒ"How many [[:en:w:Microsoft|Microsoft]] Programmers does it take to replace a burnt out bulb?"
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-->
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QïŒ"How many [[:en:w:Microsoft|Microsoft]] Engineers does it take to change a lightbulb?"
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-->
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QïŒ"How many [[:en:w:minimalism|minimalists]] does it take to change a lightbulb?"
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-->
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QïŒ"How many movie directors does it take to change a lightbulb?"
:AïŒ"Just one, but he wants to do it thirty-two times and when he's finished everyone will think that his last lightbulb was much better."
-->
== N ==
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QïŒ"How many nuclear engineers does it take to change a light bulb?"
:AïŒ"Seven. One to install the new bulb and six to figure out what to do with the old one for the next 10,000 years."
-->
QïŒé»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«äœäººã®ã€ã³ããŒ(New Yorkers) ãå¿
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QïŒ"How many New Yorkers does it take to change a light bulb?"
:AïŒ"NONE OF YOUR GODDAM BUSINESS!!!"
-->
== O ==
QïŒé»çãåãæ¿ããã®ã«[[w:倧éª|倧éª]]人ã¯äœäººå¿
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== P ==
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QïŒHow many Pentecostals does it take to change a lightbulb?
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-->
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QïŒ"How many [[:en:w:people|people]] does it take to change a lightbulb?"
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-->
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QïŒ"How many Psychologists does it take to change a lightbulb?"
:AïŒ"Just one. But the bulb has to really WANT to change."
:AïŒ"Ten. One to change it, and the other nine to relate to the experience."
-->
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QïŒ"How many pro-lifers does it take to screw in a light bulb?"
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-->
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QïŒ"How many pro-choicers does it take to screw in a light bulb?"
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-->
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QïŒ"How many honest politicians does it take to screw in a light bulb?"
:AïŒ"As soon as we find one, we'll let you know."
-->
== Q ==
QïŒé»çã亀æããã®ã«äœäººã®ç«æäººãå¿
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QïŒ"How many [[:en:w:redneck|rednecks]] does it take to screw in a light bulb?"
:AïŒ"One, it only takes one person to use a [[:en:w:hammer|hammer]]."
-->
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<div class="references-small"><references/></div>
[[Category:ãžã§ãŒã¯|é»çãžã§ãŒã¯]] | 2005-04-09T07:41:58Z | 2024-01-20T04:12:01Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E9%9B%86/%E9%9B%BB%E7%90%83%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF |
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"text": "ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ç¹æã®ãªã³ã¯è²Œããã«ããŽãªåé¡ãªã©ã®ã¡ã³ããã³ã¹äœæ¥ã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãããªãã®ããããŸããããã¯é èªã§ããŠã£ãåã(Wikify) ãšãåŒã°ããŸãããŠã£ãåã¯ãšãã«ä»ã®ããŒãžãžã®ãªã³ã¯ãããããšãæãçšèªã§ãããããŒã¯ã¢ããå
šè¬ã«ã€ããŠäœ¿ãããå Žåãããããã§ãã",
"title": "èåã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã©ããããŸããä»ã¯æå³ã®åãããªãèšèãæ²¢å±±åºãŠãããããããŸããããããŸãæ°ã«ããããšã¯ãããŸããããšãããããèåãäœæ¥ã¯ãã¹ãŠã®åç¹ã§ããã倧åãªäœæ¥ã§ããããšã¯é ã«çœ®ããŠãããŠäžããã",
"title": "èåã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¥ã£ãŠããããšãè¶³ããŠã¿ãŸããããçæ²¡å¹Žææ¥ãæããŠãã人ç©èšäºããæŽå²ãèæ¯ããã®åŸã®æä»£ãžã®åœ±é¿ããŸã æžãããŠããªãèšäºãå€ãã§ãããŸãã説æãå°»åããã³ãã«ãªã£ãŠããŸã£ãŠããèšäºãªã©ãããã§ããããäœåãªã¹ããªã©ãä»ããŠãããšãã«ã¯ãéèŠãªäœåãæãèœã¡ãŠããããšããããŸãã",
"title": "ããå ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããèšäºãæ¢ãäžçªç°¡åãªæ¹æ³ã¯ããµãã¹ã¿ãã«ã«ããŽã©ã€ãºãããŠããèšäºãèŠãããšã§ãããã®ã«ããŽãªã«ã¯ãä»ã®ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã³ãã¡ããå®çŸ©ããæžãããŠããªãããšæã£ãé
ç®ãéããããŠããŸããåŠçæä»£ã«ããã£ãé
ç®ããèå³ãæã£ãŠããé
ç®ãããã°ãã²ãéããŠã¿ãŠãã ããããã®é
ç®ã®ååŠè
ãæŠå¿µãçè§£ããããã«ãå¿
èŠãªã®ã«äžè¶³ããŠããæ
å ±ã«ãã£ãšæ°ä»ãããšã§ããããããããããšãå®çŸ©ãã®ãã®ãæ£ç¢ºã§ãªãã£ãããäžæã説æã§ããŠããªãããšããããããããŸãããç·šéã¯å€§èã«!ã©ãã©ãèšè¿°ãè¶³ããŠãã£ãŠãã ãããèªä¿¡ããããªããå
ã®èšäºã®å圢ãçããŠããå¿
èŠãããããŸããã(ãã ãèäœæš©ãã¯ãããšããæš©å©ã«ã ãã¯æ³šæããŠãã ãããããŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã«éããããŠã£ããããžã§ã¯ãã¯æš©å©äŸµå®³ã«ã¯å€§å€æ
éãªå§¿å¢ãåã£ãŠããŸããã©ããã®ãŠã§ãããŒãžã®ã³ããŒãªããŠã®ã¯ãã¡ã§ã)",
"title": "ããå ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§éèŠãªäºã¯ãåºå
žãæèšããããšã§ãããã®äºæãæ¬åœã«æ£ããã®ãæ€èšŒãã人ã«ãšã£ãŠãåºå
žãæèšãããŠãããšããäºã¯éåžžã«å©ããããšã§ãããŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã§ã¯æžç±ã»ãŠã§ããµã€ããªã©ã®å€éšã®æ
å ±ãããšã«èšäºã«ããŠããããšããšãŠãéèŠèŠããŠããŸãããªããªãããŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã®èšäºã«ã¯ãäžç«æ§ã»å®¢èгæ§ãä¿ã¡ããäžçªæåã«èšäºãæžãå§ããç·šéè
ã®äž»èгçãªèããæžãçŸç§ãµã€ãã§ã¯ãªãããšããç®çã®ããšã§æ¯æ¥äžçäžã®èšäºãç«ã¡äžãããç·šéãéããŠããŸããã§ãããããããããå çãããããªãšæã£ãæ¹ã¯ããèªèº«ã®è©³ããåéã®äžã§åºå
žã®æèšãç¡ãã»å°ãªãèšäºã«ã¯ä»ãè¶³ããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã詳ããã¯ã#åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ããã芧ãã ããã",
"title": "ããå ç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºå
žãæèšããäºã¯ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã«ãããŠãšãŠãéèŠãªäºã§ãããã¡ããéã瀺ããŠãããå
äººãžæ¬æã瀺ããšããæå³ããããŸãããèšäºã®ä¿¡ãŽããæ§ã確ä¿ãããšããæå³åãããããŸãããŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã¯ããèªäœãä¿¡çšæ§ãæã£ãŠããããã§ã¯ãããŸããããã®ãããæžã蟌ãŸããŠããå
容ãäºå®ã§ããããšã確èªããããã«ãåºå
žãå¿
èŠãªã®ã§ãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºå
žã®ç€ºãæ¹ã¯åŠè¡åéãåŠäŒãå³å¯ã«ã¯å人ã«ãã£ãŠãéããŸããããåèæç®ãåæããæ¹æ³ã(ãžã§ãã©ã«ã»ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹)ãšãæ¬æã®äžã«æ³šéãå
¥ããæ¹æ³ã(ã€ã³ã©ã€ã³ã»ãµã€ããŒã·ã§ã³)ãªã©æ§ã
ãªæ¹æ³ããããããããã«å©ç¹ããããŸããäž¡è
ãæè¡·ãããåå¥åç
§æ³ããšãããã®ãããããããŒããŒãæ¹åŒãããã³ã¯ãŒããŒæ¹åŒããªã©ãæåã§ããå°éå®¶ã®æ¹ã¯ããããã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã§è¡ãããã°ãããšæããŸãããããã§ã¯ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã§ãã䜿ãããåå¥åç
§æ³ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã§ãã䜿ãããåå¥åç
§æ³ã§ã¯ãæ¬æäžã«åŒçšé ã«æç®çªå·ãæ¯ããæåŸã«ãèæ³šããåèæç®ãç¯ãèšããŸãããèæ³šãç¯ã«ã¯åŒçšé ã«åç
§ç®æã衚瀺ããããåèæç®ãç¯ã«ã¯æžèªæ
å ±ãç®æ¡æžãã§åæããŸãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºå
žã®æèšã«ã¯HTMLã¿ã°ããã³ãã¬ãŒããå€ã䜿ããŸããæ¬ç¯ã§ã¯ãããã«ã€ããŠã説æããŸããæ
£ããã°ããã»ã©é£ãããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸãããçŠããã«æ°é·ã«åãçµã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åèæç®ã«é¢ããæ
å ±ã§ããæžç±ã§ããã°èè
ã»æžåã»çºè¡æã»åè¡å¹Ž(ããã°ISBNã³ãŒã)ãæèšããŸããéèªãçŽèŠã®å Žåã¯å·»ã»å·æ°ãªã©ãæèšããŸãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ããã®ããã«æèšããŸãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€ãã®å Žåãåèæç®ãç¯ã«ã¯æžç±ãéèªã«é¢ããæ
å ±ã眮ããæ°èããŠã§ããµã€ãã«é¢ããæ
å ±ã¯è泚ã«å
¥ã蟌ãã§ããŸããŸãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¡ãã«è©³ããæžåŒã玹ä»ãããŠããŸãã®ã§ãå¿
ãäºåã«åç
§ããŠãããŸãããã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¬æã«æç®çªå·ããµãããã«ã¯ãåŒçšç®æãæèšããHTMLã¿ã°(Refã¿ã°)ãçªå·ãæ¯ãããç®æã«è²Œãä»ããŠãããŸãããèæ³šãç¯ã«ã¯ã<references/>ããŸãã¯ã{{Reflist}}ããšããã¿ã°ã眮ããŠãããŸãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã<ref>ããšã</ref>ãã§å²ãŸããéšåã«åŒçšç®æã«é¢ããæ
å ±ãè©°ã蟌ã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãRef nameããšããã¿ã°ããããŸããäžã€ã®ç®æãæ°ãæã§åŒçšããããã®ã¿ã°ã§ããå®éã«ã¯ãã¡ãã®æ¹ããã䜿ãããŸãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¡ãã¯æåã®ç®æãã<ref name=\"XX\">ãš</ref>ããšããããã«ããŸãããXXãã®æã«ã¯é©åœãªã¿ã€ãã«ãã€ããŸãããã以éã®ç®æã«ã¯ã<ref name=\"XX\"/>ããæ¿å
¥ããŠãããŸãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Refã¿ã°ããç®ãã ãšãããšããã¡ãã¯ãäžèº«ãã«ããããŸãã倧æµã¯ãŸããäžèº«ããäœãã貌ãä»ããåã«Refã¿ã°ã§ãå
ããã®ãæ®éã§ãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã©ã®è³æã®ã©ãããåŒçšããã®ããæèšããŸãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ã以äžã®ããã«è¡šèšããŸãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°èãªãèŠåºãã»çºè¡æã»èšäºã®æ¥ä»ã»é²èЧæ¥(ããã°èè
ãURLã)ããŠã§ããµã€ããªãURLã»ã¿ã€ãã«ã»çºè¡æã»(æ²èŒæ¥)ã»é²èЧæ¥(ããã°èè
)ãæèšããŸãããCite newsããCite webããšãããã³ãã¬ãŒãã䜿ããšäŸ¿å©ã§ãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2ã€ã®ãã³ãã¬ãŒãã¯äŒŒãŠããŠãã©ã¡ãã䜿ãã®ãæé©ãªã®ãåãããªãå Žåã¯ããCite nwesãã¯æ¿æ²»ã»çµæžã»äºä»¶ã»äºæ
ãªã©åœå
å€ã®åºæ¥äºãæã瀺ãå
å®¹ã®æããCite webãã¯èžèœã»ã¹ããŒãã»æå(äŸãã°ãã²ãŒã ãã¢ãã¡ãªã©äžè¬çã«èº«è¿ãªã«ã«ãã£ãŒ)ãªã©ã§ãã®ãã³ãã¬ãŒãã䜿ãããšãå€ãã§ãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã³ãã¬ãŒãã®äžèº«ã®åºæ¬ã¯ãã|ã(ãã€ã â»)ãåŒæ°ã(瀺ãããå
å®¹ã®æåå)ã=ãã®åŸã«æ
å ±ãå
¥åããŠãããŸãã(â»ã|ãã¯ãäžè¬çã«ããŒãã£ã«ã«ããŒãªã©ãšåŒã°ãããããŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã§ã¯ãã€ããšåŒã¶ã)",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "{{Cite news |url=ãã.jp |title=ãŠã£ãè±åããããâ³è³ãåè³ããŸãã |newspaper=ãŠã£ããŠã£ãæ°è |date=2021-11-15 |author=ãŠã£ã倪é |accessdate=2021-11-22}}",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "{{Cite web |url=ãã.jp |title=ãŠã£ãåéžæããâ³å€§äŒã§åªåããŸãã |publisher=âââã¹ããŒã |date=2021-05-15 |accessdate=2021-05-20 }}",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â»æ¥ä»ã¯ã20XX-01-11ãã®ããã«èšå
¥ããã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
¥åãããšããã®ããã«è¡šç€ºãããŸãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºå
žã®ã|~~=ãã¯é åºãææ§ã«ããæ±ºãŸã£ãŠããªãã®ã§ãæ§ã
ãªèšäºãé²èЧããŠãããšãããã©ãã©ãªåºå
žã®èšèŒé åºã«åºäŒããŸãã ãããåºå
žã®ã¿ã€ãã«ãURLãªã©ããã©ãã©ãªèšäºãæ ¡æ£ãããå Žåã¯ããããã¯çްéšã®ç·šéã§ããã«ãã§ãã¯ãå
¥ããåºæ¥ãã ãã倿Žãå
¬éããæŒãåæ°ãæžãããããã«ãããã¬ãã¥ãŒãå®è¡ããããŠãäœåºŠãåºæ¥äžããã確èªããŠãããæçµçã«å€æŽãå
¬éããŸãããã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã¯åºå
žã®äœ¿ãæ¹ã®äŸã§ããæ®µèœåãã衚瀺ã®ä»æ¹ãªã©ãå®éã®ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã®ããŒãžãšã¯ç°ãªãéšåããããŸããããããããããã£ãæãã§ããåºå
žã¯æ
£ãã倧äºãªã®ã§ãç¹°ãè¿ããŠæ
£ããŠããããšãéèŠã§ãã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãžã§ã³ã»ãã²ãã²ã»ã¹ãã¹(è±:John hogehoge Smithã19XX幎1æ1æ¥ - )ã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœåºèº«ã®ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ç ç©¶è
ãJAWPç ç©¶ææé·ã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "19XX幎ã«ã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢å·ãµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³ã«çãŸããã19XX幎ã«é£ã³çŽã§ã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢å€§åŠããŒã¯ã¬ãŒæ ¡ã«å
¥åŠã忥åŸã¯ã¹ã¿ã³ãã©ãŒã倧åŠã«ãããŠãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã«ã€ããŠç ç©¶ã2000幎ããã¯æ±äº¬ã®JAWPç ç©¶æã«æãããŠæ¥æ¥ãæ ç¹ãæ¥æ¬ã«ç§»ããã",
"title": "åºå
žãä»ããŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããé¢é£ããç»åã貌ãããšããèšäºã®å
å®ã®ããã®å€§åãªå çã«ãªããŸããåºæ¬çã«ã¯[[ç»å:貌ããããã¡ã€ã«å|thumb|ç»åã®èª¬æ]]ãšããæé¢ã§ãç»åã衚瀺ãããããšãã§ããŸãããã®æé¢(ã¿ã°)ã«ã€ããŠã詳ãã説æã¯ãw:Wikipedia:ç»åã®è¡šç€ºãèŠãŠãã ããã",
"title": "ç»åã貌ã£ãŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "泚æç¹ãããã€ãæããŸããšã",
"title": "ç»åã貌ã£ãŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "衚瀺ã§ããã®ã¯ãæ¥æ¬èªçã«ããç»åã ãã§ã¯ãããŸãããããŠã£ãã¡ãã£ã¢ã³ã¢ã³ãº(WikimediaCommons, éç§°ã³ã¢ã³ãº)ãã«ããç»åãããŠã£ãããã£ã¢å
ã«ããã®ãšåãæèŠã§ãã®ãŸãŸè¡šç€ºãããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ç»åã貌ã£ãŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ²èŒã®ä»æ¹ã¯ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢å
ã«ç»åãããã®ãšåããã[[ç»å:貌ããããã¡ã€ã«å|thumb|ç»åã®èª¬æ]]ãšãã£ãã¿ã°ãæžãããšã«ãªããŸããHTMLã䜿ã£ãŠããŒã ããŒãžãäœã£ãããšã®ããæ¹ã¯ããã~ãšããã£ã¬ã¯ããªãæå®ããªããšãããªãããããšæããããããŸãããããŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã®äžã§ã¯ç»ååã ãã§å€§äžå€«ã§ããã ãŸããããšæã£ãŠãã£ãŠã¿ãŠãã ããã",
"title": "ç»åã貌ã£ãŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ãã³ã¢ã³ãºã«æ¬²ããç»åããªãå Žåã«ã¯ãèªåã®æããçµµãèªåã§æ®ã£ãåçããããã¯å€éšãµã€ãããæã£ãŠãããããªãã¯ãã¡ã€ã³ãªãã¡ã€ã«ãã¢ããããŒãããããšãã§ããŸãããŸãã¯ãããŽã®è¿ãã«ãããã¢ããããŒãããšããæåãã¯ãªãã¯ããŠãã ãã(衚瀺ãããŠããªãå Žåã«ã¯ãw:ç¹å¥:Uploadãå©çšããŠãã ãã)ã",
"title": "ç»åã貌ã£ãŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¢ããããŒãçšã®ç»é¢ã衚瀺ããããããŸãã¯ããã«æžããŠããæ³šæãäžèªããŠãã ãããèäœæš©ããã¡ã€ã«ã®çš®é¡ã«ã€ããŠã®æ³šæãªã©ã倧åãªããšãæžãããŠããŸããåæã§ãããããªãã\"Browse\" ããã㯠\"åç
§\" ãšãããã¿ã³ãæŒããŠãã¢ããããŒããããç»åãéžæããŠãã ããã",
"title": "ç»åã貌ã£ãŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¢ããããŒããããç»åã®ãã¡ã€ã«åãå€ãããå Žåã«ã¯ãæ²èŒãããã¡ã€ã«åãæ¬ã«æ°ãããã¡ã€ã«åãèšå
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éã«æ±ºããŠãã ããã",
"title": "ç»åã貌ã£ãŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ãããã¡ã€ã«ã®æŠèŠãæ¬ã«å¿
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"title": "ç»åã貌ã£ãŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã®åºå
žãã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ãã®ããããã§ãæ¬ ããŠããå Žåããã®ç»åã¯åºæ¬çã«ã¯åé€ãããããšãšãªããŸãã®ã§ã©ããæ³šæããŠäžããã",
"title": "ç»åã貌ã£ãŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ã»ããç»åã«ã€ããŠã®ç°¡åãªèª¬æããããšãªãããã§ããããããšãã°ãèªåã§æ®ã£ãåçã§ããã°ãæ®åœ±å Žæãæ¥æãæ®åœ±å¯Ÿè±¡ã«ã€ããŠã®ç°¡åãªèª¬æ(ãââçââåžã«ããââã®åçããªã©)ããããšã衚瀺ãããšãã®ãã£ãã·ã§ã³ãä»ãããããªããªã©ã®å©ç¹ãçãŸããŸãã",
"title": "ç»åã貌ã£ãŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããçŸåšã¯æ¥æ¬èªçã«ç»åãã¢ããããŒãããããæ¹ããããŠã£ãã¡ãã£ã¢ã³ã¢ã³ãºã«ç»åãã¢ããããŒããããšããæ¹åã«å€ããã€ã€ãããŸããã³ã¢ã³ãºã«ç»åãã¢ããããŒãããããšã«ãããä»èšèªçãä»ã®ãŠã£ãã¡ãã£ã¢ãããžã§ã¯ããšãç»åãå
±æããããšãã§ããŸããæ¥æ¬èªã§ã®ãã¡ã€ã«åãéæšå¥šã ã£ãããšããæ±ºãŸããããã®ã§ãä»åã¯ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢æ¬äœãžã®ã¢ããããŒãã説æããŸããããæ
£ããŠããããã²ã³ã¢ã³ãºãžã®ã¢ããããŒããæ€èšããŠã¿ãŠãã ããããŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã«ãã説æããŒãžãåèã«ãªãã§ãããã",
"title": "ç»åã貌ã£ãŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã¯ãã³ã¢ã³ãºã«ç»åãã¢ããããŒããããšãã®æš¡ç¯äŸã§ããããŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã§ãåãåœ¢ã§æžãã°å¿
èŠãªæ
å ±ãæžããããã§ãããã",
"title": "ç»åã貌ã£ãŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "{{<ã³ããŒã©ã€ãã»ã¿ã°>}} ã³ããŒã©ã€ãã»ã¿ã°ã貌ã£ãŠãã ãããæ¥æ¬èªçã§ããã°ã{{PD}} ã {{GFDL}} ã®ããããã§ãã",
"title": "ç»åã貌ã£ãŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥æ¬èªçã§ã¯ãPDãšGFDLãCC BY-SAããããã¯ãããã«æºããããªãŒã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ã®ç»åãã䜿ããŸããããããã§ã¢ãŠãŒã¹ (Fairuse) ãªã©ãä»ã®ã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ã®ç»åã䜿ããèšèªç/å§åйãããžã§ã¯ãããããŸããæ¥æ¬èªçãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã«é©åããªãã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ã®ãã®ãæ¥æ¬èªçã«ã¢ããããŒãããŠããŸããšåé€ãããŸãã®ã§ã泚æããŸãããããŠã£ãã¡ãã£ã¢ã³ã¢ã³ãºã§ã¯ãCCã¯OK, Fairuseã¯äžå¯ãšãªã£ãŠããŸããã€ãŸããè±èªçã§ Fairuse ãšãªã£ãŠããç»åãæ¥æ¬èªçã§è¡šç€ºããããšã¯ãçŸåšã¯æ®å¿µãªããã§ããŸããã",
"title": "ç»åã貌ã£ãŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåžžã®èšäºãšéããç»åããŒãžã¯ç§»åæ©èœã䜿ã£ãç§»åãã§ããŸããããã®ãããç»åã®ãã¡ã€ã«åãå€ããããã«ã¯ãä¿åããŠå¥åã§åã³ã¢ããããŒãããªããŠã¯ãªããŸãããåçŽãªç¶Žãã®ééãã ãã§ãªãããã¡ã€ã«åããå
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ã«ããåé€ãããŸãã",
"title": "ç»åã貌ã£ãŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã§ã¯ç»åã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠããŸããããé³å£°ãã¡ã€ã«ãGIFã¢ãã¡ãåç»ãªã©ä»ã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã¡ã€ã«ã«ã€ããŠããåºæ¬çã«ã¯åæ§ã§ã(åºå
žãšã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ãå¿ããªãã§äžãã)ã詳ããã¯ããŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã®w:Wikipedia:ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢FAQãªã©ãèŠãŠã¿ãŠäžããã",
"title": "ç»åã貌ã£ãŠã¿ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããäžã€ãå çã®æ¹æ³ãšããŠã¯ä»èšèªçããæ
å ±ãæã£ãŠæ¥ããšããæ¹æ³ããããŸãããŠã£ãããã£ã¢ããŽããŒã¯ã®äžã®æ¹ã«ã次ã®ãããªããã¯ã¹ã«å
¥ã£ãæååãããã°ã¯ãªãã¯ããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "翻蚳"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Englishãªãè±èªçã®ãFrançaisãªããã©ã³ã¹èªçã®è©²åœããŒãžã«è¡ãããšãã§ããŸãããŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã¯ãGFDLãšCC BY-SAã«åŸã£ãŠæžãããŠããã®ã§ãèŠçŽæ¬ã«ããæ³šæããã°ãä»èšèªçã®ããŒãžãã³ããŒãããã翻蚳ããŠãæ§ããŸããããã ããèŠçŽæ¬ãžã®èšèŒãæ ããšããã£ããã®ç¿»èš³ãGFDLãšCC BY-SAã®èŠä»¶ãæºãããŠããªããšããŠåé€ãããããšãããããŸãã®ã§ãä»èšèªçã®ããŒãžã翻蚳ããããšæã£ãå Žåã¯ããŸãã¯äžåºŠw:Wikipedia:翻蚳FAQã«ç®ãéããŠäžããã",
"title": "翻蚳"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "翻蚳"
}
] | ïŒå
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯æåã«ãPRINTæã䜿ã£ãŠãç»é¢ã«æåã衚瀺ãããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå
¥åããŠã¿ãŠãã ãããå
¥åæã®æåã¢ãŒãã¯ãçŽæ¥å
¥åã¢ãŒãã§å
¥åããŠãã ãããWindowsã®å Žåãå³äžã«ãæåå
¥åã¢ãŒãã®åãæ¿ãã®ã¿ããããã®ã§ããããã¯ãªãã¯ããŠãçŽæ¥å
¥åã¢ãŒããéžãã§ãããäžèšã®PRINTæãå
¥åããŠãã ããã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«äžèšã®PRINTæãå
¥åããRUN(ãã©ã³ããšããããèµ·åãããã®æå³)ãå®è¡ãããš(å®è¡æ¹æ³ã¯æ©çš®ã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããŸãã®ã§ãããããã®æ©çš®ãåèã«ããŠãã ãã)ãç»é¢ã« Hello BASIC ãšè¡šç€ºãããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ§ã«ãæ°ããè¡ã§ãç»é¢ã®å·Šç«¯ã«ã«ãŒãœã«ãããç¶æ
ã§ã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«å
¥åããŠã¿ãŠ(æåŸã«EnterããŒãå
¥åããŠæ¹è¡ããŸããæ©çš®ã«ãã£ãŠã¯RETURNããŒãCRããŒãšãèšããŸãã以äžãåããªã®ã§çç¥ããŸã)ãRUNãå®è¡ãããš(å®è¡æ¹æ³ã¯ããããã®æ©çš®ãåèã«ããŠãã ãã)ã5 ãšèšç®ã®çµæã衚瀺ãããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãPRINTåœä»€ã¯ããã®çŽåŸã«ãããã®ãç»é¢ã«è¡šç€ºããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããBASICã§ã¯ãåœä»€ãå®è¡ããããšãRUN(ã©ã³)ãšèšããŸããè±èªã®ãèµ°ãã RUN ãšåãåèªã§ããã©ã³ãã³ã°(èµ°ã)ãã©ã³ããŒ(èµ°è
)ã®ã©ã³ãšåãã§ãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãœãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãRUNã§å®è¡ãããšãç»é¢ã«\"2+3\"ãšãã®ãŸãŸè¡šç€ºãããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸããäºéåŒçšç¬Š \" \" ã¯ããåŒçšç¬Šå
ã®æååããç»é¢ã«ãã®ãŸãŸè¡šç€ºããããšããæå³ã®èšå·ã§ãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ãããprintããšããèªãããã¹ã衚瀺åœä»€ã«çšããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã¯å€ãã§ãããŸããä»ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããæååã衚瀺ããå Žåã¯ãäºéåŒçšç¬Š \" \" ã§ ãããã®ããæ®éã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããäºéåŒçšç¬Šã§ããããªããšã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ããšã©ãŒã®ããæãªã®ã§å®è¡äžå¯èœãçãªå ±åã ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒããå ±åããããããããã¯ããŸã£ããäºæãã¬æ°å€ãæåã衚瀺ããããªã©ã®ãšã©ãŒãèµ·ãããŸã(äŸãã°undefined)ã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€ãBASICã§ã¯ãããã°ã©ã ã¯ãè¡çªå·+åœä»€ãã®åœ¢ã§ããããŸããè¡çªå·ãã€ããªãã§å
¥åãããšãåè¿°ã®ããã«ãåœä»€ãå³å®è¡ããŠãçµäºãããŸããå
é ã«è¡çªå·ãã€ããããšã§åããŠãåœä»€ãçµã¿åããããããã°ã©ã ããšããŠå®è¡ã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã0æªæºã®æ°ãå°æ°ãåæ°ã¯è¡çªå·ã«ã§ããŸããã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åè¡ã®æåã«ã€ããŠããæ°åãè¡çªå·ã§ãã10ããã¯ãããŠ10ãã€å¢ãããŠããã®ãäžè¬çã§ããããããã°ãåŸããç°¡åã«è¡ãæ¿å
¥ããããšãã§ããŸã(ãã ã9è¡ãŸã§)ãPRINT ã¯åç¯ã§èª¬æããéãç»é¢ã«æåãåºåããåœä»€ã§ããæåŸã® END ã¯ããã°ã©ã ã®çµäºã衚ãåœä»€ã§ãçç¥å¯èœãªBASICãå€ãã§ãããããã§ãªããã°å¿
ãå
¥ããããã«ããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
¥åããã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãš(è¡çªå·ãªãã§)å
¥åãããšå®è¡ããŸãã ãã®ããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ããããšãç»é¢ã«ã3+5= 8ããšè¡šç€ºãããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "10è¡ã®æåŸã«ã€ããŠãã ; ã¯ããæ¹è¡ããªããããšãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã«éç¥ããŸãããããåãé€ããšãå®è¡ãããšãã«ã3+5=ããšã8ããå¥ã®è¡ã«è¡šç€ºãããŠããŸããŸãããããå©çšããŠãäžè¡å空çœã«ããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããå€ãBASICã§ã¯ã:ããçšãããšæ¬¡ã®ããã«ãæžããŸãããçŸåšã§ã¯æšå¥šãããŸããã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŸåšãäžéšã®(åçŸ)BASICã§ã¯ã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«èšè¿°ããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããENDã¯ããã°ã©ã ã®çµäºã衚ãåœä»€ã§ããã®ã§ãããšãã°ã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ãããªããã°ã©ã ã ãšãã3+5=ãã衚瀺ããåã«ããããªãçµäºããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«ãè¡çªå·ãé çªã©ããã§ã¯ãªãå Žåãã©ã®è¡ãåªå
ããŠå®è¡ããã®ã§ãããã?",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŸä»£ã®GUI察å¿ã®BASICã§ã¯ãè¡çªå·ã®ãªããã®ãå€ãã®ã§ããããã®çç±ã®ã²ãšã€ããããããããã®ãããªãè¡çªå·ãšé åºã®ã¡ããå Žåã®æ··ä¹±ãé²ããããªã©ããããªãã®çç±ãããã®ã§ãããã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠããããŠãã®å€ãBASICã®å Žåãè¡çªå·ã®å°ããé ããå
ã«å®è¡ãããšæããŸã(ããã€ãã®åçŸBASICãœããã§ç¢ºèª)ããã®å Žåãç¹ã«ãšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžãªã©ã¯ãåºãããŸããã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããå€ãBASICã§ã¯ããœãããŠã§ã¢ã®å
éšã§ã¯ãããã°ã©ã ã®å®è¡ã®ããããã«(ã€ãŸãRUNåœä»€ã®çŽåŸã«)ããŸãè¡çªå·ã«ããšã¥ããŠäžŠã¹æ¿ããè¡ã£ãŠã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«äžŠã¹æ¿ããŠããããããããã£ãšãäžããé ã«å®è¡ãããŠããã®ã§ãããã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸãããããã®å€ãBASICã¯ãããã°ã©ã ãæåã«å®è¡ããéããŸãäžŠã¹æ¿ããè¡ã£ãŠããã®ã§ãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããè¡æ°ã10è¡ãŠãã©ã®å°ãªãããã°ã©ã ãªããããã§ãããŸããŸããããæ°ã®å©ãã䟿å©ãªæ©èœã§ãããã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããããçŸè¡ãåè¡ãããããã°ã©ã ãäžŠã¹æ¿ãããšãªããšãäžŠã¹æ¿ãã«ã¯æéãæããã®ã§ãããã°ã©ã ã®å®è¡ãçµãããŸã§ã®æéãé·åŒããŠããŸããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å察ã«èšããšãè¡çªå·ã®ãªãBASICã®å Žåããã®ã¶ãé«éåãããŠããå¯èœæ§ããããŸã(äžŠã¹æ¿ãã®æéãçããã®ã§)ã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«èšããšãè¡çªå·ã®ããBASICã®äœ¿ãéã¯ãåŠçã«æéãæãã£ãŠãããã®ã§ãåŠçã®é åºã確å®ã«ãŸã¡ãããªããèªå以å€ã®ä»ã®ããã°ã©ããŒã«ãäŒããããããªããã°ã©ã ãæžããšãã«ã¯ãããããããè¡çªå·ã®ããBASICã䟿å©ãããããŸããã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãã£ã¿ã®ãªãå€ãBASICã§ã¯ã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå
¥åãããšãããã°ã©ã (ããã°ã©ã ãªã¹ã)ãå
é ã®è¡ãããã衚瀺ããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå
¥åãããš10è¡ç®ã ããã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå
¥åãããš20è¡ç®ä»¥éãã¹ãŠãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå
¥åãããšå
é ã®è¡ãã20è¡ç®ãŸã§ãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå
¥åãããš20è¡ç®ãã30è¡ç®ã衚瀺ããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå
¥åãããšãæ¹è¡ãããã³ã«è¡çªå·ã10ãã€å¢ãããŠèªåçã«è¡šç€ºããŸããèªå衚瀺ã忢ãããã®ã¯BREAKããŒãæŒããŸã(æ©çš®ã«ãã£ãŠã¯STOPããŒããCTRL+STOPããŒãåææŒããªã©ãæäœãå€å°ç°ãªããŸã)ã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»ã§ãããããã°ã©ã ã®å®è¡çµæã®ç»é¢ãšãããã°ã©ã èšè¿°çšã®ãšãã£ã¿ç»é¢ãšã¯ãå¥ã
ã®ç»é¢ã«åãããŠããã®ãæ®éã§ãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããæã®ããœã³ã³ã§ã¯ã衚瀺ãŠã€ã³ããŠãæšæºã§ã¯1ã€ãããããŸããã§ãããããããããŠã£ã³ããŠããšããæŠå¿µãããªããæã®å€ãããã°ã©ã èšèªã§ã¯ãå®è¡çµæã®è¡šç€ºç»é¢ãšããšãã£ã¿ç»é¢ãšããåãã²ãšã€ã®ç»é¢ã ã£ããããŸãããããã³ãã³ãå
¥åæ©èœãããã°ã©ã èšè¿°æ©èœãå
ŒããŠãããããããã¯ããœã³ã³æ¬äœã«ããã¬ããŒã¹ã€ãã(å°åã®ã¬ããŒã¹ã€ãããã€ããŠããããã)ã«ãããã³ãã³ãå
¥åã¢ãŒã(ãã¿ãŒããã«ã¢ãŒãããšãã)ãšããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã¢ãŒããšãåãæ¿ãããããŠããŸããã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŸä»£ã§ããWindowsã®ã³ãã³ãããã³ããã®ãããªãOSä»å±ã®ã³ãã³ãå
¥åçšã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãæ®éããŠã£ã³ããŠã¯1ã€ã ãã§ããããã®ãã£ãã²ãšã€ã®ãŠã£ã³ããŠããå®è¡çµæã®è¡šç€ºç»é¢ãšãã³ãã³ãå
¥åç»é¢ãšãå
ŒããŠããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°ããBASICã§ã¯ãããã°ã©ã ãç·šéããããã®ãšãã£ã¿ãæã£ãŠããããããå
¥åã«äœ¿ããŸãããšãã£ã¿ã®æŠèŠãäœ¿ãæ¹èªäœã¯çç¥ããŸãããŸããæ¬¡ã®ããã«ãè¡çªå·ãçç¥ãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã°ã©ã ã®å®è¡ã¯ãRUNã§ã¯ãªãããšãã£ã¿ã®ã¡ãã¥ãŒãããå®è¡ããéžæããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€ãBASICã®ããã«ãåœä»€ãå®è¡ããŠãå³çµäºãããã«ã¯ãäžã«ã¯ãçŽæ¥å
¥åã(äŸ: ã€ããã£ãšã€ã ãŠã£ã³ã㊠)ãç°¡åã«ã§ããæ°ããBASICããããŸãããã»ãšãã©ã®æ°ããBASICã§ã¯ãšãã£ã¿ã®ã¡ãã¥ãŒãã察å¿ããé
ç®ãéžã¶å¿
èŠããããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯è¡çªå·ä»ãã®å€ãBASICã®æžåŒã§èª¬æããŸãã",
"title": "å€ãBASICã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â» ä»ã®ããã°ã©ã èšèªã§ãã䌌ããããªææ³ã®èšèªã¯ãå€ããããŸããä»ã®ããã°ã©ã èšèªã«ããããã®ã¯ãäž»ã«ã",
"title": "æåã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãã",
"title": "æåã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "泚é(ã¡ã
ãããã)ãã€ããã«ã¯REMã䜿ããŸãããã¬ã ããšèªã¿ãŸããæ³šéãšã¯ãäœãå®è¡ããªãããšããåœä»€ã§ãããã°ã©ã ã®èª¬æãæžãããããããã°(ãšã©ãŒã®åå ããããäœæ¥ã®ããš)ãªã©ã§äžæçã«åœä»€ãå®è¡ãããªãããã«ãããšãããªã©ã«äœ¿ããŸãã",
"title": "泚éïŒã³ã¡ã³ãïŒ REM"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ãããšã10è¡ç®ã¯äœãå®è¡ããã20è¡ç®ãå®è¡ãããŠãç»é¢ã«ã2ããšã ã衚瀺ããŸãã 30è¡ã¯ENDåœä»€ã§ãããã®åœä»€ã§å®è¡ãçµäºããŸãã",
"title": "泚éïŒã³ã¡ã³ãïŒ REM"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ã¯ããœããç³»ã®BASICã§ã¯ãã¢ãã¹ãããã£ãŒã代ããã«äœ¿ããŸãã",
"title": "泚éïŒã³ã¡ã³ãïŒ REM"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç»é¢ã«è¡šç€ºãããã«ã¯ PRINTæã䜿ããŸãããããªã³ãããšèªã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "衚瀺 PRINT"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "PRINTã®åŸã«ç¶ããã®ãç»é¢ã«è¡šç€ºããŸããæååãæ°å€ã倿°ãªã©",
"title": "衚瀺 PRINT"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "衚瀺 PRINT"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "PRINTã«ç¶ã宿°ã倿°ãç»é¢ã«è¡šç€ºããŸããã©ã®ãããªåã§ãã£ãŠã衚瀺ãããŸããæ°å€ãæåãªã©ããŸãã;ã»ãã³ãã³ã倿°æ«å°Ÿã«çœ®ãäºã«ãã£ãŠææ«ã®æ¹è¡ãè¡ãããŸãããã€ãŸãäºã€ã®PRINTæãã²ãšã€ãšããŠé£ç¶ã«è¡šç€ºããããšãåºæ¥ãŸããäžè¬çãªæ³šæãšããŠãPRINTæã¯é«åºŠãªå
éšåŠçãè¡ãããã«åŠçãé
ããªããŸãã",
"title": "衚瀺 PRINT"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倿°ã¯ãæ°å€ãæåãªã©ã®ããŒã¿ãå
¥ããŠããç®±ã®ãããªãã®ã§ãã",
"title": "倿°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倿°ã®ååã«ã¯ã以äžã®ãããªèŠåããããŸãã",
"title": "倿°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããå€ãBASICãç°¡æãªBASICã§ã¯ãæ©çš®ã«ãã£ãŠå€æ°åã®é·ãã«ã2æå以äžãã8æå以äžããšããå¶éããããŸãã",
"title": "倿°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŒããŒãããå
¥åããã«ã¯ãINPUTæã䜿ããŸãã",
"title": "å
¥å INPUT"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å
¥å INPUT"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "10 INPUT A ã§ã¯ãæ°å€å€æ°Aã« ããŒããŒãããå
¥åããæ°å€ã代å
¥ããŸãã",
"title": "å
¥å INPUT"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªæžãæ¹ãåºæ¥ãŸãã",
"title": "å
¥å INPUT"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
¥åãä¿ãæååã衚瀺ããŠãããå
¥åã«å
¥ããŸãã",
"title": "å
¥å INPUT"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倿°ã¯ãæ°å€ãæåãªã©ã®ããŒã¿ãå
¥ããŠããç®±ã®ãããªãã®ã§ãã",
"title": "代å
¥ãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯ã倿° A ã« 12ã倿° B ã« 3 ã代å
¥ããè¶³ãç®ã»åŒãç®ã»æãç®ã»å²ãç®ã®çµæã衚瀺ããç©ã§ã(é ã«ã15 9 36 4 ãšè¡šç€ºãããŸã)ã",
"title": "代å
¥ãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倿°ãžã®ä»£å
¥ã¯ = ã䜿çšããŸããäžã®ããã°ã©ã ã§ã¯çŽæ¥æ°åã代å
¥ããŸããããèšç®åŒ(倿°ã䜿çšãããã®ãå«ã)ãè©äŸ¡ããå€ã代å
¥ããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "代å
¥ãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "BASICã«ããã代å
¥ãšã¯ããèšå·=ã®å³èŸºã®èšç®åŒãè©äŸ¡ããå€ããèšå·=ã®å·ŠèŸºã®å€æ°ã«å²åœãŠãããšããæå³ã§ãã",
"title": "代å
¥ãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã",
"title": "代å
¥ãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããåœä»€ã¯ãšã©ãŒã«ãªããŸãã ããªããã代å
¥å
ã®å€æ°ã¯ãèšå·=ã®å·ŠèŸºã«ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã",
"title": "代å
¥ãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããå³èŸºã«ããèšç®åŒããèšå·=ã®å·Šã«ãã倿°ã«ä»£å
¥ããã®ã§ã",
"title": "代å
¥ãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«ãèªåèªèº«ãçšããåŒã代å
¥ããããšãã§ããŸããããããA+1=Aããšããé åºã ãšããšã©ãŒã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "代å
¥ãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "代å
¥ãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãå®è¡ãããšãèšç®çµæ(12+1)ã®ã13ãã衚瀺ãããã§ãããã",
"title": "代å
¥ãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã倿°ãžã®ä»£å
¥ã¯ãLETãåœä»€ã§ã",
"title": "代å
¥ãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯",
"title": "代å
¥ãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§ãããJISèŠæ ŒBASICãé€ããŠãã»ãšãã©ã®æ°æ§ã®BASICãåãããLETã¯çç¥å¯èœã§ãã",
"title": "代å
¥ãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èšç®ã®èšå·ã¯ãè¶³ãç®ã«ã¯+ãåŒãç®ã«ã¯-ãæãç®ã«ã¯*ãå²ãç®ã«ã¯,/ ã®èšå·ãå²ãåœãŠãããŠããŸããäœãã¯ãMODã(ã¢ãžã§ã)ã§ãã",
"title": "代å
¥ãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¬åŒ§()ã䜿ãäºãåºæ¥ãŸããèšç®ã®é åºã«è¿·ã£ããæ¬åŒ§ã䜿ãããã«ããŸãããã",
"title": "代å
¥ãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°æ¥çã«ãLETæã®ããä»ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®åŠç¿ã®ããšãèããŠãLETæãã€ãã£ãŠäžèšã®ããã°ã©ã ãæžããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "代å
¥ãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å©çšè
ããããŒããŒãã§æ°å€ãå
¥åããŠãããã«ã¯ãINPUT æã䜿ããŸãã INPUTåœä»€ã䜿ã£ãŠæ°å€ãŸãã¯æåå(倿°å$)ãå
¥åãããå Žåã",
"title": "å
¥ååœä»€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããŸãã",
"title": "å
¥ååœä»€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(ããã°ã©ã äŸ)",
"title": "å
¥ååœä»€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã¯",
"title": "å
¥ååœä»€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å
¥ååœä»€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãã°ãäžã®ããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ããããšã«ã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãå®è¡ãããšãããã»ã©å
¥åãã倿°ãåºããããããŸããã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®çç±ã¯ãã¡ã¢ãªå
ã«ã以åã«äœ¿çšãã倿°ãããã®ãŸãŸæ®ã£ãŠããããã§ãã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸããããã°ã©ã ãçµäºããŠããããã ãã§ã¯å€æ°ã®å
å®¹ã¯æ¶å»ãããŸããã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åœä»€ NEW ã䜿ããšãBASICã§æ±ã£ãŠãã倿°ã«ãã¹ãŠãŒã 0 ã代å
¥ããåæå(ãããã)ããŸãã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããäžã®ç¯ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å®è¡çŽåŸã«ããŸã£ããå¥ã®ããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ããå¿
èŠããã£ããšããŠãããã§ãåã倿°åã®å€æ°ã䜿ãããŠãããšãããããã®å€æ°ã¯åæåãããŠããªããšããšã©ãŒã®åå ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããŸãã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸã£ããå¥ã®ããã°ã©ã ã§ããåã倿°åãAãããBããããŸã£ããå¥ã®å
容ã§äœ¿ãããšããããŸãã®ã§ãå¿
èŠã«å¿ã㊠NEW åœä»€ã䜿ããŸãããã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžããŠå®è¡ããã°ããã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å®è¡åã«ã©ããªããã°ã©ã ã§å€æ°ãAããçšããŠããããããããåæåã§ããŸãã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããäžèšã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å®è¡çµæãšããŠãèšç®çµæãšããŠã16ãã衚瀺ãããŸãã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å ŽåãªããããããNEWã§å€æ°AãåæåããªããŠãããã®æ¬¡ã®è¡ã§ A=7ãšèšè¿°ããŠããã®ã§ããã€ã¯åæåã®å¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãããäœãããšããããã°ã©ã ãè€éã«ãªã£ãŠãããšããã€ãã倿°ã®åæ°ãå€ããªãã倿°ã²ãšã€ãã€åæåãããã®ã倧å€ã«ãªãå ŽåããããŸãããåæ°ãå€ããšäžã€ã¥ã€åæåããæ¹æ³ã ãšãåæåããããã倿°ãåºãŠæ¥ããããããŸããã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§ãããã®ããã NEW åœä»€ã§ããã£ãã«ããã¹ãŠã®å€æ°ãåæåããŠããŸããŸããããåæåããã察象ã¯ããã®BASICã§æ±ã£ãŠããã倿°ãã ãã§ãã®ã§ãå®å¿ããŠãå¹³æ°ã§ãã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããäžèšã®ããã«ãããèšç®éäžã«ãNEWãå
¥ãããšã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(ããŸãããããªãããã°ã©ã )",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã°ã©ã ãªããPRINTåœä»€ã§ã9ãã衚瀺ããããããŸãããªããªãAãåæåãããŠããŸããAã«0ã代å
¥ãããŠããããã§ãã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããçŸåšã®ããã°ã©ã èšèªã§ã¯ãNEWåœä»€ã¯å¥ã®æå³ã§äœ¿ãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããèšç®äœæ¥ã®ãšãã«ãåæã®ç¬éã®ç¶æ
ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããæ°å€ã®ããšããç§åŠæè¡çšèªã§ãåæå€ã(ãããã¡ãinitial value ã€ãã·ã£ã« ããªã¥ãŒ)ãšãããŸãããã¡ãã³ã³ãœãããªã©ã®ã²ãŒã æ¥çãªã©ã§ããã²ãŒã éå§ç¶æ
ã®äž»äººå
¬ã®ã©ã€ã(çåœå)å€ãšãã®æ°å€ããŸãšããŠãåæãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒããªã©ãšãããŸããããããšåãããšã§ãã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çç§ãªã©ã§ã¯ãããšãã°ããŒã«ãæããç¬éã®ããŒã«ã®é床ã®ããšãåæé床ããšèšããŸãã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããçŸä»£ã®ããã°ã©ã èšèªã®ãªãã®åœä»€æã®èªå¥ã§ããinitããªã©ã®èªå¥ããã£ãããããã¯ãããããããåæå€(â» è±èªã§ initial value )ã®ããšãããããŸããã",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "倿°ã®åæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããææ¥ æŽãã ã£ããªããé è¶³ãããã§ãªããéšã ã£ãããªããæå®€ã§èªç¿ããã®ãããªå Žåãããæ¡ä»¶åå²(ããããã ã¶ãã)ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå² IF THEN ELSE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã°ã©ã äžã§ããæ¡ä»¶ã«åœãŠã¯ãŸããã§å®è¡ããå
容ãå€ãããšãã«ã¯ IF~THEN~ELSEæ ã䜿çšããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå² IF THEN ELSE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¡ä»¶åå²ã§ã¯ IF ãšããèªå¥ãã»ãŒããªãã䜿ãã®ã§ãæ¡ä»¶åå²åœä»€ã®ããšããIFæããšãèšããŸãããIFããšã¯ããã€ãããšèªã¿ãããã ãã ãªãã°ãããšããæå³ã®è±èªã®æ¥ç¶è©ã§ã(æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãäžåŠæ ¡ã®è±èªã®ææ¥ã§ æ¥ç¶è© IF ãç¿ãã§ããã)ã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå² IF THEN ELSE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"tag": "p",
"text": "THEN ã¯ãããã§ããã°ããããšããæå³ã§ããELSE ã¯ãããã§ãªããã°ããããšããæå³ã§ãããªããTHENã¯ããŒã³ããšèªã¿ãELSEã¯ããšã«ã¹ããšèªã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå² IF THEN ELSE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã»ãã®ããã°ã©ã èšèªã§ããæ¡ä»¶åå²åœä»€ã®ããšãæ®éã¯ãIFæããšèšããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå² IF THEN ELSE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§äœ¿ã£ãŠããA > Bã® > ã¯æ¯èŒæŒç®å(ã²ãã ããããã)ãšãããæ°å€ã®æ¯èŒã«äœ¿ããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå² IF THEN ELSE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»ã®ããã°ã©ã èšèªã§ããIFæ ã®èãæ¹ãš æ¯èŒæŒç®å ã®èãããã¯ãã»ãŒããªãã䜿ããŸãããªã®ã§ãããŸããã®BASICã®åŠç¿ã§ãæ¯èŒæŒç®åã®èãæ¹ãããã£ãããšçè§£ããŸãããã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå² IF THEN ELSE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"tag": "p",
"text": "IFæã¯ãIFãšTHENã®éã«æ¡ä»¶åŒãæžããTHENããæ¡ä»¶åŒãæç«ãããšãã®åœä»€ãæžããŸãããããŠæç«ããªãã£ããšãã®ããšã¯ãã®åŸãã«ELSEã«ç¶ããŠæžããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå² IF THEN ELSE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸã®30è¡ç®ã¯ããã A > Bãæç«ããã°PRINT \"A is bigger than B\"ãå®è¡ããããæç«ããªããã°PRINT \"B is bigger than A\"ãå®è¡ãããšããæå³ã§ãããŸããæååã®å Žåã¯ã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå² IF THEN ELSE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"tag": "p",
"text": "PRINTåœä»€ã®å ŽåãPRINTãçç¥(THEN \"å
容\"ã®ããã«)ã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå² IF THEN ELSE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããELSEã¯çç¥ã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå² IF THEN ELSE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è€æ°è¡ã«ããã£ãŠããæžããªããã®ãå®è¡ããããå ŽåãGOTOåœä»€(åŸè¿°)ã䜿ãè¡ãé£ã°ãå¿
èŠããããŸã(ãã®å ŽåãGOTOãšæžãã®ãçç¥ããŠãè¡çªå·ã ãã§ãæžããŸã)ã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå² IF THEN ELSE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¡æ¡ä»¶ã§ãžã£ã³ãããŸãã",
"title": "åå² GOTO"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¡ä»¶åå²ã§ã¯ãªãã匷å¶ã®åå²ã«ã¯GOTOåœä»€ã䜿ããŸãããGOTOãã¯ããŽãŒ ãã¥ãŒããšèªã¿ãŸããGOTOã®åŸã«è¡çªå·ãå
¥ãããšã察å¿ããè¡ã®åœä»€ãå®è¡ããŸãã",
"title": "åå² GOTO"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ãããš20è¡ç®ãã¹ãããããã30è¡ç®ãå®è¡ãããŠãç»é¢ã«ã2ããšã ã衚瀺ããŸãã",
"title": "åå² GOTO"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ãããšãç»é¢ã«ã2ãã1ããšè¡šç€ºããŸãããããã®ããã«GOTOã®é£ã³å
ãå
¥ãçµãã ããã°ã©ã ã¯ãã¹ãã²ãã£ã»ããã°ã©ã ããšåŒã°ããŠããä»ã®äººãèŠãŠãããã°ã©ã ã®æ§é ãäžç®ã§ã¯ææ¡ãã¥ãããããã«ãéåžžã®ããã°ã©ã ã§ã¯ çŠãæ(ããããŠ) ãšãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "åå² GOTO"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ãããšãç»é¢ã«ã1ãã2ãã衚瀺ãç¶ããŸãããã®ããã«ãçµäºããã«ãå®è¡ãç¶ãããããã°ã©ã ããç¡éã«ãŒãããšåŒã³ãŸããè¡šç€ºãæ¢ããã«ã¯ãå€ãBASICã§ã¯AUTOåœä»€ãæ¢ãããšããšåæ§ã«ãBREAKããªã©ã®ããŒãæŒããŠãã ãããæ°ããBASICã§ã¯ã¡ãã¥ãŒããã忢ããéžæããŸã(Visual Basicãªã©ã§ã¯ç¡éã«ãŒããæžããšãã®ãŸãŸåçç¡çšã§å¿çäžèœã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããã®ããããŸãã®ã§ãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã匷å¶çµäºãããããCTRL+ALT+DELãããªã©ããŠOSãã匷å¶çµäºãããŠãã ãã)ã",
"title": "åå² GOTO"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°ããBASICã§ãGOTOåœä»€ã¯äœ¿çšã§ããŸãããæšå¥šã¯ãããŸããã",
"title": "åå² GOTO"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 145,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã©ãããŠãGOTOæã䜿ãå¿
èŠã®ããå Žåã«ã¯ãREMæãªã©ã«ããã³ã¡ã³ãæ©èœã掻çšããŸããããGOTOæã®åã®è¡ã§ãREMæã«ãã説æã§ãGOTOæã®è¡ãå
ã説æãããããããã¯åŠçããããšããŠããå
容ãªã©ãèšè¿°ãããšãä»ã®äººãããã°ã©ã å
å®¹ãææ¡ãããããªãã§ãããã",
"title": "åå² GOTO"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åå² GOTO"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 147,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã°ã©ã äžã§åãåŠçãç¹°ãè¿ãå Žåã«ã¯ãFOR~NEXT æã䜿çšããŸãã",
"title": "ç¹°ãè¿ã FOR NEXT"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 148,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®äŸã¯ãFORããNEXTã®éãç¹°ãè¿ããŸããåæ°ã¯ã1ãã5ãŸã§ã®5åãããSTEPãæå®ããŠããã°ãå¢éå€ã®èšå®ãã§ããŸãã ãããå®è¡ãããšä»¥äžã®æ§ã«è¡šç€ºãããŸãã",
"title": "ç¹°ãè¿ã FOR NEXT"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 149,
"tag": "p",
"text": "FORã®çŽåŸã®å€æ°(äžèšã®å Žåã¯N)ãšãNEXTã®çŽåŸã®å€æ°ã¯ãåã倿°ã§ãªããã°ãªããŸããã",
"title": "ç¹°ãè¿ã FOR NEXT"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 150,
"tag": "p",
"text": "FOR æã®æ§æã¯ä»¥äžã®æ§ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "ç¹°ãè¿ã FOR NEXT"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 151,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®æã®ãã¡ããSTEP 倿Žéãã¯çç¥ã§ããŸããçç¥ããããšãã«ã¯å€æ°ã¯1ã¥ã€å€åããŸãã",
"title": "ç¹°ãè¿ã FOR NEXT"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 152,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倿°ãåæå€ããæçµå€ãŸã§å€åãããã®åå€ããšã« NEXT ãŸã§ã®æãå®è¡ãããŸãã",
"title": "ç¹°ãè¿ã FOR NEXT"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 153,
"tag": "p",
"text": "INPUTæã§æ¯åããŒã¿å
¥åããã®ã¯å€§å€ã§ãã",
"title": "DATAæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 154,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã°ã©ã ã®äžã«èšé²ããããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã DATAæãREADæãRESTOREæ ã§ãã",
"title": "DATAæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 155,
"tag": "p",
"text": "20è¡ã§DATAæãã1åèªã¿èŸŒãã§å€æ°Aã«ä»£å
¥ããŸãã30è¡ã§è¡šç€ºããŸãããã®äŸã§ã¯ã1ãã衚瀺ãããŸããããæ¬¡ã«èªã¿èŸŒãã ãªãã2ããèªã¿èŸŒãŸããŸãã",
"title": "DATAæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 156,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "DATAæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 157,
"tag": "p",
"text": "10è¡ã®RESTOREã§DATAæã®èªã¿èŸŒã¿å
ãæå®ããŸããããã§ã¯50è¡ããèªã¿èŸŒã¿ãŸãã20è¡ã§èªãã§ã30è¡ã§è¡šç€ºããã®äŸã§ã¯ã4ãã衚瀺ãããŸããæ®é㯠FOR NEXTæãªã©ã䜿ã£ãŠ é£ç¶ããŠèªã¿èŸŒã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "DATAæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 158,
"tag": "p",
"text": "DATAæã®èãæ¹ã¯ããã¡ã€ã«æäœã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã·ã£ã«ãã¡ã€ã«ãšäŒŒãŠããŸãã",
"title": "DATAæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 159,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "DATAæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 160,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åãå
容ã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯ããŸãšããŠãµãã«ãŒãã³ã«ããäºãã§ããŸããGOSUBã§ãã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³ãGOSUB"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 161,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã°ã©ã ã®åããè¡çªå·ã§æžããŸãã 110 120 200 210 220 130 150 ãé çªã«æ³šç®ã RETURNã䜿ããšGOSUBã®æ¬¡ã«æ»ããŸã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³ãGOSUB"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 162,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿°ã¯ãµãã«ãŒãã³ã«äŒŒãŠããŸããçµã¿èŸŒãŸãããµãã«ãŒãã³ã®ããã«æã£ãŠãã ããã",
"title": "颿° ()"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 163,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ABS()ã¯çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ãè¿ã颿°ã§ãã",
"title": "颿° ()"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 164,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»ã«ãè²ã
ãªé¢æ°ããããŸãã",
"title": "颿° ()"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 165,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŸã§ã®èª¬æã§ãæ°å€ã®ã¿ãæ±ããŸãããããã§ã¯ãæåã®å
¥åã衚瀺ãæäœã説æããŸãã",
"title": "æååæäœ $"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 166,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåã衚ãæã¯\"\"ã§å²ã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "æååæäœ $"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 167,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåã衚ãæåå倿°ã§ã¯ã倿°åã®æ«å°Ÿã«$ãä»ããŸãã",
"title": "æååæäœ $"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 168,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æã®è¶³ãç®ãåºæ¥ãŸãã",
"title": "æååæäœ $"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 169,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåã®å
¥åãšè¡šç€º",
"title": "æååæäœ $"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 170,
"tag": "p",
"text": "BASICã§ã¯æååã®äŸ¿å©ãªé¢æ°ããããŸãã",
"title": "æååæäœ $"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 171,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ASC(x$) RIGHT$(x$,y) LEFT$(x$,y) MID$(x$,y,z) LEN(x$) STR$(x) VAL(x$) CHR$(x) TAB(x)",
"title": "æååæäœ $"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 172,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŸã§ã¯æ°å€ã®æŽæ°ã§è¡ããŸããã",
"title": "æµ®åå°æ°ç¹ #"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 173,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å²ãç®ã§å²ãåããªããšãã«æ±ãå°æ°ç¹ã®åŠçãæµ®åå°æ°ç¹ã®å®æ°ã倿°ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸãã誀差ã«ã€ããŠãã",
"title": "æµ®åå°æ°ç¹ #"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 174,
"tag": "p",
"text": "BASICã§ã¯å°æ°ç¹ãä»ãããšãå°æ°ç¹ä»ãã®å®æ°ãšããŠæ±ãããŸãã",
"title": "æµ®åå°æ°ç¹ #"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 175,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒã®èšç®ã§ã¯èª€å·®ãçºçããŸãã 誀差ã®çšåºŠã¯æ©çš®ã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããŸãã",
"title": "æµ®åå°æ°ç¹ #"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 176,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æµ®åå°æ°ç¹ #"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 177,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äœæé²ã®ãããªãã®ãäœããšãã«äœ¿ããŸããåããããªå€æ°ãããããäœããšãã«ã倿°ãå€ããŠå€§å€ã§ããããã§é
å倿°(ã¯ãã〠ãžããã)ã䜿ããŸãã",
"title": "é
å DIM"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 178,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äœ¿ãæ¹ã¯ãæåã«é
å倿°ã宣èšããŸããäŸãã° DIM a(3)ãšæžãããªãã倿°a(1) a(2) a(3)ã®3åã®é
å倿°ã䜿ããããã«ãªããŸã(BASICã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠã¯a(0)ã䜿ãããã®ããããŸã)ã",
"title": "é
å DIM"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 179,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãDIMããšã¯æ¬¡å
DIMENSION ã®ç¥ã®ããšã§ããDIMã®éšåããé
å宣èšã®åœä»€ã§ããDIM a(3)ã®ãaãã®éšåã¯å€æ°åã§ãã®ã§ãã¹ã€ã«bã§ãcã§ããããŸããŸããã",
"title": "é
å DIM"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 180,
"tag": "p",
"text": "DIM a(3)ã®ã«ãã³ãšã«ãã³å
ã®éšåããæ·»ãåã(ããã)ãšèšããŸãã",
"title": "é
å DIM"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 181,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é
å倿°ã®äŸ¿å©ãªæã¯ãæ°å€ã§æžããéšåã«æ°å€å€æ°ã䜿ã£ãŠãäŸãã°ãa(i)ã®ããã«äœ¿ãäºãã§ããã«ãŒããªã©ãšçµåãããã°å€æ°ã®å€æ°ãäžåºŠã«æ±ãããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã",
"title": "é
å DIM"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 182,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ãäžæ¬¡å
é
åã®äŸã§ãã",
"title": "é
å DIM"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 183,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ã3人ã®ååãšçªå·ãå
¥åããŠã衚瀺ããããã°ã©ã ã³ãŒãã§ããé
åã䜿ãããšã«ãããç°¡æœã«æžãããšãåºæ¥ãŸããç°¡åã«äººæ°ãå€ãããããšãåºæ¥ãŸããæ¹è¯ããŠäœæé²ã®ããã«äœãå€ããããšã容æã§ãã",
"title": "é
å DIM"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 184,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é
åã«ã¯ããã®ãããªäžæ¬¡å
é
åã®ä»ã«äºæ¬¡å
ã3次å
é
åããããŸãã",
"title": "é
å DIM"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 185,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ãå§ããŠã®äººãé°å²æ°ãã€ãããããã«åºæ¬ã®äžã®åæ©ãæäœéã«æžããŸããããããŠãåçŽãšå¿çšã¯å¥ã®æ¬ã«ã€ã¥ããŸãã",
"title": "ããšãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 186,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŸåšã§ã¯æ§é åBASICããããŸããããã¯æ¡ä»¶æãæç«ããã°THENããENDIFãããã¯ELSEãŸã§ã®éšåãå®è¡ããŠãæç«ããªããã°ELSEããENDIFãŸã§ãå®è¡ãããã®ã§ãäŸã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯",
"title": "è£è¶³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 187,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžããŠãéåžžã«èŠããããªããŸãããã ããå¿
ããã䜿ãããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸãããå€ãBASICã§ã¯1è¡ã§æžãæ¹æ³ãã䜿ããŸããã",
"title": "è£è¶³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 188,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(:)ã§åºåã£ãŠãäžè¡ã«å€ãã®ã³ãã³ããæžãäºãã§ããŸãããã ããããã¯å€ãBASICã®ææ³ãªã®ã§ããŸã䜿ããªãæ¹ãè¯ãã§ãããã",
"title": "è£è¶³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 189,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "è£è¶³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 190,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åãçŽç·ãªã©ã®ç»åã衚瀺ããããé³å£°ã鳎ãããããªã©ã®æ©èœã®åœä»€ã¯ãBASIC察å¿ã®ããœã³ã³ãäœã£ãŠããäŒç€Ÿããšã«éã£ãŠããŸãããããŒããŠã§ã¢åŽã®æ§èœã«ãé¢ä¿ããããšã§ããããã®ããã仿§çµ±äžããããªãã£ãã®ã§ãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 191,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžå¿ãBASICã®åœéèŠæ ŒãååšããŠããŸãããå®éã«ã¯ããã®èŠæ Œã«åŸã£ãŠãªãBASICãå€ãã§ãããããããç¹ã«ãç»å衚瀺ãé³å£°ãªã©ã®ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿ã®æ©èœã§ã¯ããã®ãããªèŠæ Œå€ã®ä»æ§ãå€ãã§ãããã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 192,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®wikibooksæ¥æ¬èªçãBASICãã§ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®èªè
ã察象ã«ããŠããããšããããæ¥æ¬ã§æ®åããæ¥æ¬ç£ããœã³ã³ã®ããŒããŠã§ã¢ãæ³å®ããŠãBASICã®ãç»å衚瀺ãé³å£°ãªã©ã®ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿ã®ããã°ã©ã ãèšè¿°ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 193,
"tag": "p",
"text": "N88BASICäºæã®BASICãªãã°ãç»åãã€ãããšãã¯ã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 194,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«èšè¿°ããããšã§ãç»åã§çŽç·ãåŒããŸãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 195,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
容ã¯ã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 196,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãã æ°ãã€ããããšãšããŠãç»é¢ã®å·Šäžã座æš(0,0)ã§ããå³äžã«è¡ãã«ã€ããŠã座æšã®å€ã倧ãããªããŸãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 197,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è²çªå·ã¯ãäžè¬ã«ã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 198,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããè²çªå·ã®ããšãããã¬ããçªå·ããšããããŸãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 199,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èæ¯è²ãæšæºèšå®ã§ã¯é»ã§ããããããè²çªå·ã0(é»)ã ãšãç·ãèŠããªããããããŸããã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 200,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ãéè²ã®çŽç·ãåŒããŸãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 201,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ãèµ€è²ã®çŽç·ãåŒããŸãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 202,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 203,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããšãé·æ¹åœ¢ã®æ ç·ã®ã¿ãæããŸãããã®é·æ¹åœ¢ã®å¯Ÿè§ç·ã®åº§æšãã(100,130)ãã(200,230)ãšããããã§ãã Bã¯BOXã®æå³ã§ãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 204,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åœä»€ LINE (100,130)-(200,230),2,B ã§ã¯ã察è§ç·ã¯ãæãããŸããããŸããå¡ãã€ã¶ããããããŸããã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 205,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¡ãã€ã¶ããããã«ã¯ããBãã§ã¯ãªããBFãã«ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 206,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Fã¯FILLã®æå³ã§ãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 207,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æžåŒã¯",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 208,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 209,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãã°ã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 210,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã(250,180)座æšãäžå¿ãšããååŸ50ã®èµ€ã(è²çªå·: 2)åãæžããŸãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 211,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å匧ãæãã«ã¯ã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 212,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®æ§æãå©çšããŸãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 213,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è§åºŠã®æž¬ãæ¹ã¯ãæ°åŠã®xy座æšã§ã®è§åºŠã®æž¬ãæ¹ãšåãã§ãå³ã0床ãšããŠãåæèšãŸãã(å·ŠãŸãã)ã§ããè§åºŠã®åäœã¯ãã©ãžã¢ã³ ã§ããçŽ3.14ã§ååã«ãªããŸã(BASICã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãéããããããŸãããããããã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ããšã«ç¢ºèªããŠãã ããã)ã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 214,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸã ã©ãžã¢ã³ãç¿ã£ãŠããªãäžåŠçã®ããã¯ããã®ç¯ã¯é£ã°ããŸãããã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 215,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãã°ãåå匧ãæãããŸãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 216,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥å(ã ãã)ãŸãã¯æ¥ååŒ§ãæžãã«ã¯ã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 217,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 218,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CIRCLEåœä»€ã¯ã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 219,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããæžåŒã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 220,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¯çã¯ãçžŠãšæšªã®æ¯çã§ããã1ã ãšæ£åã«ãªããŸãã1ãã倧ãããšçžŠé·ã®æ¥åã«ãªãã1ããå°ãããšæšªé·ã®æ¥åã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 221,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¡ãã€ã¶ãã«ã¯ã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 222,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 223,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åœä»€ãPSETãã䜿ããšãæå®ããäœçœ®ã«ãç¹ãã²ãšã€è¿œå ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 224,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æžåŒã¯",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 225,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 226,
"tag": "p",
"text": "PSETã®æŽ»çšæ¹æ³ã¯éåžžãæ¬¡ã®ããã«ãFORæãªã©ã®ç¹°ãè¿ãæãšãã¿ããããŠãèšç®åŒãªã©ã®çµæã®äœå³ãããã®ã«äœ¿çšããã§ãããã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 227,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 228,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå
¥åãããšãããããããšããããŒããšãã®é³ã鳎ãããŸããããŒãé³ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 229,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ãã«ãã¡ãã£ã¢é¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 230,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãRND()ãã§ã0ãã1ãŸã§ã®å°æ°ãå«ãä¹±æ°ãçºçãããŸãã",
"title": "ä¹±æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 231,
"tag": "p",
"text": "RND(1)ã®ããã«ãæ¬åŒ§ã®äžã«æ°åãå
¥ããŠäœ¿çšããŸãã",
"title": "ä¹±æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 232,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«äœ¿çšããŸãã",
"title": "ä¹±æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 233,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãµã€ã³ããã€ããã«ã¯(1ãã6ã®æŽæ°ã ããåºãããã°ã©ã ãã€ããã«ã¯)ãä¹±æ°åœä»€ã«ãæŽæ°åã®åœä»€ãªã©ãšçµã¿åãããŸãã",
"title": "ä¹±æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 234,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãŒããããŠããŸãããINPUT åœä»€ã䜿ã£ãŠEnterããŒãæŒãããšã«æ¬¡ã®ä¹±æ°ã衚瀺ãããŠããŸããRND()ã¯ãå®éã«ã¯1ã®å€ãçæãããããšã¯ãã»ãšãã©ç¡ããšæãããã®ã§ãã®ããã°ã©ã ã«ãªããŸããå²ã蟌ã¿ããŒ(BREAKããŒãESCããŒ)ã§å®è¡ãçµäºããŸãã",
"title": "ä¹±æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 235,
"tag": "p",
"text": "BASICã¯ã圢åŒçã«ã¯ãBASICã¯ããã°ã©ã èšèªã§ãããšããŠåé¡ãããŠããŸããããããå®éã«ã¯ãå€ãBASICã21äžçŽã«åçŸããBASICã§ã¯ãä»ã®ããã°ã©ã èšèªã«ã¯ãªããç»åè¡šç€ºã®æ©èœãå
å®ããŠããŸããããã¯ã©ãããäºããšãããšãåçŸBASICã§ã¯ãç»å衚瀺ã®åœä»€ãå®è¡ããéã«ã¯ãOSã®ç»åè¡šç€ºã®æ©èœãåŒã³åºããŠã䜿ã£ãŠããã®ã§ããäžè¬çã«ãããã°ã©ã ãéããŠã®ç»å衚瀺ã«ã€ããŠã®ä»æ§ã¯ãåOSããšã«ãã©ãã©ã§ãããã®ãããBASICã®ã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿èªäœã®äœæè
ã¯ãããããã®OSããšã«ãBASICã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ãäœããªããå¿
èŠããããŸãããã®ãããåçŸBASICã«ã¯ãWindowsçããã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ã®äœãããŠãªãåçŸBASICããããŸãã",
"title": "1970ã80幎代ã®ããœã³ã³äºæ
ãèæ¯ã«ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 236,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããå®éã®å€ãBASICã®æµè¡ãã1970幎代ããã¯ã21äžçŽã®ä»ãšã¯ããœã³ã³è²©å£²ã®ç¶æ³ãéã£ãŠããŸãã1970幎代ããã®åœæã¯ããŸã OS(ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã° ã·ã¹ãã )ãé«åºŠåããåã ã£ãããšããããããã«ãOSãšããœã³ã³æ¬äœããã£ã€ããŠè²©å£²ãããŠããããšãããã1970幎代ããã¯ãBASICã販売ãããŠããããœã³ã³ãšäžç·ã«ãOSãšäžç·ã«ããœã³ã³æ¬äœã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠããç¶æ
ã§ã販売ãããŠããŸããã",
"title": "1970ã80幎代ã®ããœã³ã³äºæ
ãèæ¯ã«ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 237,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããå®éã®1970ã80幎代ã«åžè²©ãããŠããããœã³ã³ã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠããBASICã§ã¯ãç»é¢ã«åãçŽç·ãªã©ã衚瀺ãããããç»å衚瀺ã®åœä»€ãããã¶ãŒé³ã鳎ãããªã©åœä»€ãªã©ããç°¡åã«ããã°ã©ã èšè¿°ã§ããããã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "1970ã80幎代ã®ããœã³ã³äºæ
ãèæ¯ã«ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 238,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¬æ¥ãç»å衚瀺ã®ããã®åŠçã¯ããã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ã®çš®é¡ããšã«ãè§£å床ããã©ãã©ã ã£ããããã®ã§ãããœã³ã³å
éšåäœãåããå¿
èŠãããã®ã§ããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã®æ©èœã䜿ã£ãŠãç»åã衚瀺ãããããããšã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "1970ã80幎代ã®ããœã³ã³äºæ
ãèæ¯ã«ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 239,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããåœæã®BASICã§ã¯ããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã®ä»çµã¿ããæèããå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããã§ããããªããªããç¹å®äŒæ¥ã®ããœã³ã³ã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸããç¶æ
ã§BASICãé
åžãããŠããã®ã§ããã®ç¹å®äŒæ¥ã®ãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ãã¹ããŒã«ãŒãšãã£ãããŒããŠã§ã¢ããç°¡åã«å¶åŸ¡ã§ããããã«ãBASICãæ¹è¯ããŠãã£ãã®ã§ãã",
"title": "1970ã80幎代ã®ããœã³ã³äºæ
ãèæ¯ã«ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 240,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªäºæ
ã®ãããããããåœæã®ã»ãšãã©ã®æ¶è²»è
ã¯ããããããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã° ã·ã¹ãã ããæŠå¿µããç¥ããŸããã§ããã",
"title": "1970ã80幎代ã®ããœã³ã³äºæ
ãèæ¯ã«ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 241,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãBASICã®æ©èœã®èæ¯ã«ã¯ã1970ã80å¹Žåœæã®ããœã³ã³äºæ
ããããŸãã",
"title": "1970ã80幎代ã®ããœã³ã³äºæ
ãèæ¯ã«ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 242,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1970å¹Žåœæã¯ãåããœã³ã³äŒç€Ÿã®BASICãæåããç¹å®ã®èªç€Ÿããœã³ã³ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããç¶æ
ã§ãããœã³ã³ã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠããŠè²©å£²ãããŠããã®ã§ãBASICããçŽæ¥ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã®æ©èœãå©çšã§ããããã§ãããã®ããã1970幎ããã®BASICã®æ©èœã¯ãçŸåšã®ãããã°ã©ã èšèªããšã¯ãããéã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "1970ã80幎代ã®ããœã³ã³äºæ
ãèæ¯ã«ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 243,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠ21äžçŽã®çŸåšãããã°ã©ã ã§ç»åã衚瀺ãããããããã¯é³å£°ã鳎ãããããªã©ã®ããã°ã©ã ãèšè¿°ãããå Žåã«ã¯ããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã®æ©èœã掻çšããå¿
èŠããããŸããOSã®æ©èœã䜿ãããã®ã³ãã³ã矀ã§ãããAPIã(ãšãŒ ã㌠ã¢ã€)ãšãããŸããã€ãŸããåçŸBASICã®ã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿äœæè
ã¯ã(ãããã)APIãé§äœ¿ããŠãåçŸBASICã®ç»å衚瀺ãé³å£°æ©èœãªã©ããäœã£ãŠããã®ã§ãã",
"title": "1970ã80幎代ã®ããœã³ã³äºæ
ãèæ¯ã«ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 244,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã«ã¯ããŠã£ã³ããŠãºãããã¯OSããªããã¯ã¹ãªã©ãè²ã
ãšãããŸãããããããã®OSããšã«ä»çµã¿ãéãã®ã§ãããã°ã©ã ã®èšè¿°äœæ¥ããããããã®OSããšã«ãããã°ã©ã ãåããå¿
èŠããããŸãã",
"title": "1970ã80幎代ã®ããœã³ã³äºæ
ãèæ¯ã«ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 245,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè¿°ã®ãããªããœã³ã³äºæ
ãã1970幎é ãšçŸä»£ã§ã¯å€§ããéãã®ã§ããã¯ãBASICã ãã§ã¯ãé«åºŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãäœãããšããŠããããŸãç°¡åã«ã¯äœããªããªã£ãŠããŸããŸããã",
"title": "1970ã80幎代ã®ããœã³ã³äºæ
ãèæ¯ã«ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 246,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§ãããã21äžçŽã®çŸä»£ã®äººããç¬åŠã§BASICãåŠã¶å Žåã¯ããã£ããŠå€ãBASICã ãã§æºè¶³ããã«ããªãã¹ããCèšèªãåŠãã ããããã«ããã®åŸã®æä»£ã®ä»ã®ããã°ã©ã èšèªãåŠã³ãŸãããã",
"title": "1970ã80幎代ã®ããœã³ã³äºæ
ãèæ¯ã«ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 247,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åèãªã³ã¯"
}
] | æ
å ±æè¡ > ããã°ã©ãã³ã° > BASIC ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªBASICïŒããŒã·ãã¯ïŒã®äœ¿çšæ³ | <small>[[æ
å ±æè¡]] > [[ããã°ã©ãã³ã°]] > BASIC</small>
----
ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª[[w:BASIC|BASIC]]ïŒããŒã·ãã¯ïŒã®äœ¿çšæ³
== ã¯ããã« ==
=== BASICã®åé¡ ===
BASICã«ã¯å€§ããåããŠã以äžã®ããã«åé¡ãããŸãïŒãã ãBASICã¯æ°å€ã®æ¹èšãããã®ã§ãããã¯åé¡ã®äžäŸïŒã
;ããŒããã¹BASIC (DTBASIC):
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ãæããŸãããã®ææã®BASICã¯æè²çšãç ç©¶çšéãäž»ã§ãããåºæ¬çãªæ°å€èšç®ãå¶åŸ¡æ§é ãæäŸããTinyFORTRANã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ãšããŠã®æ§æ Œã匷ãTSSç°å¢ã§å®è¡ãããŸããã
;ãã€ã³ã³BASIC (MicrocomputerBASIC):
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ãæããŸãããããã®å®è£
ã¯ãããŒããŠã§ã¢ã«ç¹åããæ©èœãæ¡åŒµãå«ãŸããŠãããããã¹ãã ãã§ãªãããžãã¹ã§ãåºãå©çšãããŸããã
:代衚çãªå®è£
ã«ã¯ãN88-BASICãF-BASICãMSX-BASICãªã©ããããŸãã
;JISèŠæ ŒBASIC:
:ANSI X3.60-1978ãAmerican National Standard for the Programming Language Minimal BASICããæ¥æ¬èªã«ç¿»èš³ãã JIS C 6207-1982ãé»åèšç®æ©ããã°ã©ã èšèª åºæ¬BASICã1982å¹Žã«æ¥æ¬å·¥æ¥èŠæ Œã«ãã£ãŠ JIS C 6207-1982 ãšããŠå¶å®ãããJISèŠæ ŒBASICã
:ãã€ã³ã³BASICãåºã«ããŠãããããã€ãã®æ©èœãææ³ã远å ãããŸãããã»ã³ã¿ãŒè©ŠéšïŒæ°åŠïŒã®åºé¡ã«äœ¿ãããã®ã§ãæ¥æ¬ã®åŠæ ¡ã§äœ¿çšãããŸããã
:1993幎㫠JIS X 3003-1993ãé»åèšç®æ©ããã°ã©ã èšèª Full BASIC (The Programming Language Full BASIC)ãã«æ¹èšãã廿¢ã
;Visual Basic
:Visual Basicã¯ã1991幎ã«ãã€ã¯ããœããã«ãã£ãŠéçºãããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ãããã€ã³ã³BASICãããŒã¹ã«éçºãããŠãããGUIïŒã°ã©ãã£ã«ã«ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ïŒãäœæããããã®æ©èœã远å ãããŠããŸããVisual Basicã¯ãWindowsã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®éçºã«åºã䜿ãããŠããŸãã
æ¥æ¬èªãŠã£ãããã¯ã¹ã®æ¬ããŒãžãBASICãã§ã¯ãäž»ã«ãã€ã³ã³BASICãJISèŠæ ŒBASICãåºæºã«ãææ³ã説æããŠããŸãã
ãã®çç±ã¯ããã€ã³ã³BASICã¯ææ³ãåçŽã§å
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== æŽå² ==
BASICïŒBeginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction CodeïŒã¯ãããŒããã¹å€§åŠã®ãžã§ã³ã»ã±ã¡ããŒãšããŒãã¹ã»ã«ãŒãã«ãã£ãŠéçºãããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ãååŠè
ã容æã«åŠç¿ã§ããããã«èšèšãããŸããããã®èªçããå§ãŸãããã€ã¯ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®å°é ãåçšããŒãžã§ã³ã®ç»å ŽãçµãŠãæ§ã
ãªé²åãéããŠããŸãããæ¬ç¯ã§ã¯ãBASICèšèªã®çºå±ãšæŽå²çãªå€é·ã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãŸãã
;1964幎: ããŒããã¹å€§åŠã§ããžã§ã³ã»ã±ã¡ããŒïŒJohn KemenyïŒãšããŒãã¹ã»ã«ãŒãïŒThomas KurtzïŒã«ãã£ãŠéçºãããBASICã®æåã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã䜿çšããããããã¯ãåŠçã容æã«ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãåŠã¶ããšãç®çãšããŠããã
;1965幎: BASICã®æåã®åçšããŒãžã§ã³ãDartmouth BASICããªãªãŒã¹ãããã
;1970幎: ãžã§ã³ã»ã±ã¡ããŒãšããŒãã¹ã»ã«ãŒãã«ããæ¹èšçã®BASICããªãªãŒã¹ãããã
;1971幎: Altair BASICããªãªãŒã¹ããããã€ã¯ããœããã®åµæ¥è
ã§ãããã«ã»ã²ã€ããšããŒã«ã»ã¢ã¬ã³ã«ãã£ãŠéçºãã;ããããã¯ãåããŠã®ãã€ã¯ããœããã®è£œåãšãªã£ãã
;1975幎: ãã€ã¯ããœãããBASICã³ã³ãã€ã©ã®æåã®ããŒãžã§ã³ããªãªãŒã¹ããããã¯åŸã«ãMicrosoft BASICããšããŠç¥ãããããã«ãªãã
;1977幎: Apple IIããªãªãŒã¹ãããBASICãæšæºã§æèŒãããæåã®ããŒãœãã«ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®1ã€ãšãªã£ãã
;1979幎: ANSIã«ããBASICã®æšæºåã詊ã¿ããããã倱æã«çµãã£ãã
;1982幎: MicrosoftãMSXã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿çšã«MSX-BASICããªãªãŒã¹ã
;1987幎: ANSIãBASICã®æšæºåãæ¿èªããANSI X3.113-1987ãšããŠå
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20 B=3
30 IF A > B THEN PRINT "A is bigger than B" ELSE PRINT "B is bigger than A"
</syntaxhighlight>
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{| class="wikitable"
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| A '''>=''' B || Aã¯Bä»¥äž || Aâ§B
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| A '''<=''' B || Aã¯Bä»¥äž || AâŠB
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| A '''<>''' B || AãšBã¯çãããªã || Aâ B
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10 GOTO 30
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30 PRINT "2"
40 END
</syntaxhighlight>
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10 GOTO 40
20 PRINT "1"
30 GOTO 60
40 PRINT "2"
50 GOTO 20
60 END
</syntaxhighlight>
ãã®ããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ãããšãç»é¢ã«ã2ãã1ããšè¡šç€ºããŸãããããã®ããã«GOTOã®é£ã³å
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10 PRINT "1"
20 PRINT "2"
30 GOTO 10
40 END
</syntaxhighlight>
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30 J=J+N
40 PRINT "N=";N;" J=";J
50 NEXT N
60 END
</syntaxhighlight>
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N= 1 J= 1
N= 2 J= 3
N= 3 J= 6
N= 4 J= 10
N= 5 J= 15
</syntaxhighlight>
FOR æã®æ§æã¯ä»¥äžã®æ§ã«ãªããŸãã
FOR 倿°=åæå€ TO æçµå€ STEP 倿Žé
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</syntaxhighlight>
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10 RESTORE 50
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30 PRINT A
40 DATA 1,2,3
50 DATA 4,5,6
</syntaxhighlight>
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120 GOSUB 200
130 PRINT A
150 END
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210 A=A*2
220 RETURN
</syntaxhighlight>
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90 NEXT I
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== åèãªã³ã¯ ==
{{stub}}
[[Category:BASIC|*]]
[[Category:ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª]]
{{NDC|007.64}} | 2005-05-01T15:58:02Z | 2024-01-31T00:22:07Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Stub",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:NDC",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:-"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/BASIC |
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f ( x ) = x {\displaystyle f(x)={\sqrt {x}}} ã g ( x ) = x 2 + x + 1 {\displaystyle g(x)=x^{2}+x+1} ãšããããã®åæé¢æ°ã¯ã f ( g ( x ) ) = x 2 + x + 1 {\displaystyle f(g(x))={\sqrt {x^{2}+x+1}}} ã§ããã
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f â² ( x ) = 1 2 x {\displaystyle f'(x)={\frac {1}{2{\sqrt {x}}}}}
g â² ( x ) = 2 x + 1 {\displaystyle g'(x)=2x+1}
ãªã®ã§ã f ( g ( x ) ) â² = f â² ( g ( x ) ) g â² ( x ) = 2 x + 1 2 x 2 + x + 1 {\displaystyle {f(g(x))}'=f'(g(x))g'(x)={\frac {2x+1}{2{\sqrt {x^{2}+x+1}}}}}
ã§ããã
â»é¢æ° f , g {\displaystyle f,g} ã®åæé¢æ°ã ( f â g ) ( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) {\displaystyle (f\circ g)(x)=f(g(x))} ãšæžãããšãããã
åæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã¯ã©ã€ããããã®èšæ³ãçšããŠã y = f ( u ) , u = g ( x ) {\displaystyle y=f(u),u=g(x)} ã®ãšãã d y d x = f ( g ( x ) ) â² {\displaystyle {\frac {dy}{dx}}=f(g(x))'} ã f â² ( u ) = d y d u {\displaystyle f'(u)={\frac {dy}{du}}} ã g â² ( x ) = d u d x {\displaystyle g'(x)={\frac {du}{dx}}} ãªã®ã§ã
ãšæžãããšãã§ããã
ãŸãã以äžã®å
¬åŒãæãç«ã€ã
( f â 1 ( y ) ) â² = 1 ( f ( x ) ) â² {\displaystyle (f^{-1}(y))'={\frac {1}{(f(x))'}}}
å°åº
y = f ( x ) {\displaystyle y=f(x)} ãšçœ®ããšã x = f â 1 ( y ) {\displaystyle x=f^{-1}(y)} ã§ã y â y 0 {\displaystyle y\to y_{0}} ã®ãšã x â x 0 {\displaystyle x\to x_{0}} ã§ããããã
ãŸãã
x a {\displaystyle x^{a}} ã®ææ°ãæŽæ° m {\displaystyle m} ã®ãšãã ( x m ) â² = m x m â 1 {\displaystyle (x^{m})'=mx^{m-1}} ãæãç«ã€ã®ã¯æ¢ã«èšŒæããã æ¬¡ã¯ã x > 0 {\displaystyle x>0} ãšããŠææ°ãæçæ°ã®ãšããèããã
ãªããææ°ãæŽæ°ã§ããå Žåãã环ä¹ããšåŒã¶ã®ã«å¯Ÿããææ°ãæçæ°(宿°)ã§ããå Žåããåªä¹(ã¹ãããã)ããšåŒã¶ãæçæ°ã¯æŽæ°ãå«ãã®ã§ã环ä¹ã¯åªä¹ã®ç¹å¥ãªå Žåãæãã
[1] n {\displaystyle n} ãèªç¶æ°ãšãããšã y = x 1 n {\displaystyle y=x^{\frac {1}{n}}} ã®ãšãã x = y n {\displaystyle x=y^{n}} ãæãç«ã€ã®ã§ãé颿°ã®å°é¢æ°ã®åŒãã
[2] m {\displaystyle m} ãæŽæ°ãšãããšãæçæ° p {\displaystyle p} ã«ã€ããŠ
ããã
ãªã®ã§ã[1]ãšåæé¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ã®åŒãã
ãæãç«ã€ã
ãã£ãŠãæçæ° p {\displaystyle p} ã«ã€ã㊠( x p ) â² = p x p â 1 {\displaystyle (x^{p})'=px^{p-1}} ãæãç«ã€ã
ãšãªãã
å°åº
ã«æ³šæãããšã
ãšãªããçµæãåŸãããã
tan x {\displaystyle \tan x} ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã
ããã§ k = h x {\displaystyle k={\frac {h}{x}}} ãšçœ®ããšã
kã0ã«è¿ã¥ããŠãããšã ( 1 + k ) 1 k {\displaystyle (1+k)^{\frac {1}{k}}} ã¯ã
1.1 1 0.1 = 2.5937424601 {\displaystyle 1.1^{\frac {1}{0.1}}=2.5937424601}
1.01 1 0.01 = 2.7048138294215260932671947108075 {\displaystyle 1.01^{\frac {1}{0.01}}=2.7048138294215260932671947108075}
1.001 1 0.001 = 2.7169239322358924573830881219476 {\displaystyle 1.001^{\frac {1}{0.001}}=2.7169239322358924573830881219476}
1.0001 1 0.0001 = 2.7181459268252248640376646749131 {\displaystyle 1.0001^{\frac {1}{0.0001}}=2.7181459268252248640376646749131}
0.9 1 â 0.1 = 2.8679719907924413133222572312408 {\displaystyle 0.9^{\frac {1}{-0.1}}=2.8679719907924413133222572312408}
0.99 1 â 0.01 = 2.7319990264290260038466717212578 {\displaystyle 0.99^{\frac {1}{-0.01}}=2.7319990264290260038466717212578}
0.999 1 â 0.001 = 2.719642216442850365397553464404 {\displaystyle 0.999^{\frac {1}{-0.001}}=2.719642216442850365397553464404}
0.9999 1 â 0.0001 = 2.7184177550104492651837311208356 {\displaystyle 0.9999^{\frac {1}{-0.0001}}=2.7184177550104492651837311208356}
(èšç®:Windowsä»å±é»å)
ãšãªããäžå®ã®å€ã«è¿ã¥ããŠãã(蚌æã¯æ°åŠIIIã®ç¯å²ã§ã¯ã§ããªã)ã ãã®äžå®ã®å€ãããªãã¡
lim k â 0 ( 1 + k ) 1 k = 2.718281828... {\displaystyle \lim _{k\to 0}(1+k)^{\frac {1}{k}}=2.718281828...}
ãeã§è¡šãããããšã lim k â 0 ( 1 + k ) 1 k = e {\displaystyle \lim _{k\to 0}(1+k)^{\frac {1}{k}}=e}
ããããäžã®åŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããšã
ç¹ã« a = e {\displaystyle a=e} ã®ãšãã
( log e x ) â² = 1 x {\displaystyle (\log _{e}x)'={\frac {1}{x}}}
eãåºãšãã察æ°ãèªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ãšããã eã¯ãèªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ã®åºããŸãã¯ããã€ãã¢æ°ããšåŒã°ããããšãå€ãã æ°åŠã§ã¯ã log e x {\displaystyle \log _{e}x} ã®eãçç¥ããŠlog xãšæžãã æ°åŠä»¥å€ã®åéã§ã¯ãåžžçšå¯Ÿæ°ãšåºå¥ããããã«ãln xãçšããããããšãããã
ãŸãã log | x | {\displaystyle \log |x|} ã®åŸ®åã¯ã
x>0ã®ãšã
x<0ã®ãšã
ãã£ãŠã ( log | x | ) â² = 1 x {\displaystyle (\log |x|)'={\frac {1}{x}}}
ãŸããåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åæ³ããã { l o g | f ( x ) | } â² = f â² ( x ) f ( x ) {\displaystyle \{log|f(x)|\}'={\frac {f'(x)}{f(x)}}} ãæãç«ã€ããšããããã
lim k â 0 ( 1 + k ) 1 k = e {\displaystyle \lim _{k\to 0}(1+k)^{\frac {1}{k}}=e} ãšå
ã»ã©å®çŸ©ãããããã®å®çŸ©åŒã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«æžãæããããã
lim x â â ( 1 + 1 x ) x = e {\displaystyle \lim _{x\to \infty }(1+{\frac {1}{x}})^{x}=e}
lim x â â â ( 1 + 1 x ) x = e {\displaystyle \lim _{x\to -\infty }(1+{\frac {1}{x}})^{x}=e}
äžã®äºã€ã®åŒã¯ k = 1 x {\displaystyle k={\frac {1}{x}}} ãšçœ®ãæãããšããããã e {\displaystyle e} ã®å®çŸ©åŒã®çåŽæ¥µéã®å Žåã衚ããŠããããšããããã
ãããã®åŒãå©çšããããšã§ãä»ãŸã§è§£ããªãã£ããã¿ãŒã³ã®æ¥µéãæ±ããããããã«ãªãã
äŸé¡) lim x â 0 log ( 1 â x ) x {\displaystyle \lim _{x\to 0}{\frac {\log(1-x)}{x}}} ã®æ¥µéãæ±ãã
è§£ç)
lim x â 0 log ( 1 â x ) x = lim x â 0 log ( 1 â x ) 1 x {\displaystyle \lim _{x\to 0}{\frac {\log(1-x)}{x}}=\lim _{x\to 0}\log(1-x)^{\frac {1}{x}}}
â x = k {\displaystyle -x=k} ãšãããš x â 0 {\displaystyle x\rightarrow 0} ã®ãšã k â 0 {\displaystyle k\rightarrow 0} ãªã®ã§ã
(äžåŒ) = lim k â 0 v log ( 1 + k ) â 1 k = lim k â 0 â log ( 1 + k ) 1 k {\displaystyle =\lim _{k\to 0}v\log(1+k)^{-{\frac {1}{k}}}=\lim _{k\to 0}-\log(1+k)^{\frac {1}{k}}}
ããã§ã察æ°é¢æ°ã¯é£ç¶é¢æ°ãªã®ã§ãlogãšlimãå
¥ãæ¿ããŠãè¯ãã
(äžåŒ) = â log { lim k â 0 ( 1 + k ) 1 k } = â log e = â 1 {\displaystyle =-\log\{\lim _{k\to 0}(1+k)^{\frac {1}{k}}\}=-\log e=-1}
ãã£ãŠãåæããŠæ¥µéå€ã¯-1ã§ããã
y = a x ( a > 0 ) {\displaystyle y=a^{x}(a>0)}
䞡蟺ã®èªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ããšããšã
log y = x log a {\displaystyle \log y=x\log a}
䞡蟺ãxã§åŸ®åãããšã
y â² y = log a {\displaystyle {\frac {y'}{y}}=\log a}
y â² = y log a {\displaystyle y'=y\log a}
y â² = a x log a {\displaystyle y'=a^{x}\log a}
ç¹ã«a=eã®å Žå
( e x ) â² = e x {\displaystyle (e^{x})'=e^{x}}
e x {\displaystyle e^{x}} ã®xãç
©éãªå Žåã e x = e x p ( x ) {\displaystyle e^{x}=exp(x)} ã®ããã«è¡šãå ŽåãããããŸãã䞡蟺ã®èªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ããšã£ãŠãã埮åããæäœã察æ°åŸ®åæ³ãšåŒã¶ã
埮åä¿æ°ã®å®çŸ©åŒãçšããŠæ¥µéãæ±ããããšãã§ããã
äŸé¡) lim x â 0 e x â 1 x {\displaystyle \lim _{x\to 0}{\frac {e^{x}-1}{x}}} ãæ±ãã
è§£ç)
lim x â 0 e x â 1 x = lim x â 0 e x â e 0 x â 0 {\displaystyle \lim _{x\to 0}{\frac {e^{x}-1}{x}}=\lim _{x\to 0}{\frac {e^{x}-e^{0}}{x-0}}}
ããã§ã埮åä¿æ°ã®å®çŸ©åŒ f â² ( a ) = lim x â a f ( x ) â f ( a ) x â a {\displaystyle f'(a)=\lim _{x\to a}{\frac {f(x)-f(a)}{x-a}}} ããã f ( x ) = e x {\displaystyle f(x)=e^{x}} ãšãããš f â² ( x ) = e x {\displaystyle f'(x)=e^{x}} ã§
(äžåŒ) = f â² ( 0 ) = e 0 = 1 {\displaystyle =f'(0)=e^{0}=1}
ãã£ãŠãåæããŠæ¥µéå€ã¯1ã§ããã
x a {\displaystyle x^{a}} ã®ææ°ãæçæ° p {\displaystyle p} ã®ãšãã ( x p ) â² = p x p â 1 {\displaystyle (x^{p})'=px^{p-1}} ãæãç«ã€ã®ã¯æ¢ã«èšŒæããã æåŸã«ã x > 0 {\displaystyle x>0} ãšããŠææ°ã宿°ã®ãšããèããã
y = x a {\displaystyle y=x^{a}} ã® a {\displaystyle a} ã¯å®æ°ã§ãããšããã 䞡蟺ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ã®èªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ããšã£ãŠ
䞡蟺ãxã§åŸ®åããŠã
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æåã¯ææ°ãèªç¶æ°ã®å Žåã®ã¿ã ã£ãã®ã«æ¯ã¹ãããäžè¬ã®ç¯å²ã§äžåŒãæãç«ã€ããšãããã£ãããã®ããã«ããåŒãããäžè¬ã«èšããããã«ããã®ããæ°åŠã®çºå±æ§ã§ããééå³ã§ããã
å°é¢æ°f'(x)ãf(x)ã®ç¬¬1次å°é¢æ°ãšããã
å°é¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ã第2次å°é¢æ°ãšããã
å°é¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ã第3次å°é¢æ°ãšããã
äžè¬ã«ã颿°f(x)ãnå埮åããŠåŸããã颿°ã第n次å°é¢æ°ãšããã
y ( n ) , f ( n ) , d n y d x n , d n d x n f ( x ) {\displaystyle y^{(n)},f^{(n)},{\frac {d^{n}y}{dx^{n}}},{\frac {d^{n}}{dx^{n}}}f(x)}
ã®ããããã§è¡šãã ãŸããnã1,2,3ã®æã¯ãããã y â² , y â²â² , y â²â²â² {\displaystyle y',y'',y'''} ã f â² ( x ) , f â²â² ( x ) , f â²â²â² ( x ) {\displaystyle f'(x),f''(x),f'''(x)} ãšè¡šãã
2次以äžã®å°é¢æ°ã髿¬¡å°é¢æ°ãšããã
(äŸ) f ( x ) = x 5 {\displaystyle f(x)=x^{5}} ã®ç¬¬3次å°é¢æ°ã¯
f â² ( x ) = 5 x 4 {\displaystyle f'(x)=5x^{4}}
f â²â² ( x ) = 20 x 3 {\displaystyle f''(x)=20x^{3}}
f â²â²â² ( x ) = 60 x 2 {\displaystyle f'''(x)=60x^{2}}
ãªã®ã§ 60 x 2 {\displaystyle 60x^{2}} ã§ããã
y = f ( x ) {\displaystyle y=f(x)} ã®åœ¢ã§è¡šããã颿°ãéœé¢æ°ãšåŒã¶ã
ããã«å¯Ÿã F ( x , y ) = 0 {\displaystyle F(x,y)=0} ã®åœ¢ã§è¡šããã颿°ãé°é¢æ°ãšåŒã¶ã
äŸãã°ãåã®æ¹çšåŒã¯é°é¢æ°è¡šç€ºããã颿°ã§ããã
éœé¢æ°ãšé°é¢æ°ã¯äºãã«äºãã®åœ¢ãžãšå€åœ¢ã§ããããå€åœ¢ãããšåŒãç
©éã«ãªãå Žåããããããã§ã F ( x , y ) {\displaystyle F(x,y)} ãåæé¢æ°ãšèŠåããŠåŸ®åããããšãèããã
(äŸ)åã®æ¹çšåŒ x 2 + y 2 = 4 {\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}=4} ã«ã€ããŠã d d x y {\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dx}}y} ãæ±ããã
ãã®åŒãyã«ã€ããŠè§£ããš y = ± 4 â x 2 {\displaystyle y=\pm {\sqrt {4-x^{2}}}} ã§ãããããã®åŒã埮åããããšãããšåŒãç
©éã§åä»ã§ããã
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ãã¯ãã«ã§ç¿ã£ãããã«ãçŽç·ã®æ¹çšåŒã¯åªä»å€æ°tãçšããŠäžæ¬¡é¢æ° x = f ( t ) , y = g ( t ) {\displaystyle x=f(t),y=g(t)} ã§è¡šãããããããåªä»å€æ°è¡šç€ºããšåŒãã ã
äžè¬ã«ãåªä»å€æ°è¡šç€º x = f ( t ) , y = g ( t ) {\displaystyle x=f(t),y=g(t)} ã¯æ²ç·ã衚ããããã§ãããæ²ç·ãã¯åã«æ²ãã£ãç·ã®ããšã§ã¯ãªããçŽç·ãå«ãäžè¬çãªç·ã®ããšã§ããã
x = f ( t ) , y = g ( t ) {\displaystyle x=f(t),y=g(t)} ãxã§åŸ®åãããã 颿°f,gãäžè§é¢æ°ã®å Žåçã髿 ¡ç¯å²ã§ã¯tãæ¶å»ã§ããªãããšãããã®ã§ãåªä»å€æ°è¡šç€ºã®ãŸãŸåŸ®åããããšãèããã y = g ( t ) ⺠t = g â 1 ( y ) {\displaystyle y=g(t)\iff t=g^{-1}(y)} ãããtãyã®åŒãšèãããš x = f ( t ) {\displaystyle x=f(t)} ã¯åæé¢æ°ãšèŠåããã
ãã£ãŠãåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åæ³ãã
ã§ããã
ããã§ãé颿°ã®åŸ®åæ³ãã
ã§ããã®ã§ã
ãæãç«ã€ã
ãªãã d 2 d x 2 y {\displaystyle {\frac {d^{2}}{dx^{2}}}y} 㯠d y d x {\displaystyle {\frac {dy}{dx}}} ã«åã³åªä»å€æ°æ²ç·ã®åŸ®åæ³ãçšããããšã§ã d d t ( d y d x ) d x d t {\displaystyle {\frac {{\frac {d}{dt}}({\frac {dy}{dx}})}{\frac {dx}{dt}}}} ã®ããã«èšç®ã§ããã
颿° f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} äžã®ç¹ ( a , f ( a ) ) {\displaystyle (a,f(a))} ã«ãããæ¥ç·ã®åŸã㯠f â² ( a ) {\displaystyle f'(a)} ã§ããã®ã§ãæ¥ç·ã®æ¹çšåŒã¯
y â f ( a ) = f â² ( a ) ( x â a ) {\displaystyle y-f(a)=f'(a)(x-a)}
ãšãªãã
ãŸããæ¥ç¹ãéãæ¥ç·ã«åçŽãªçŽç·ãæ³ç·(ã»ããã)ãšããã åçŽãªçŽç·å士ã¯åŸãã®ç¬Šå·ãéã§ãããåŸãã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ãéæ°ã§ããã®ã§ãæ³ç·ã®æ¹çšåŒã¯
y â f ( a ) = â 1 f â² ( a ) ( x â a ) {\displaystyle y-f(a)=-{\frac {1}{f'(a)}}(x-a)}
ãšãªãã
f â² ( a ) {\displaystyle f'(a)} 㯠f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} ã®ç¹ ( a , f ( a ) ) {\displaystyle (a,f(a))} ã§ã®åŸãã衚ãã
ãã£ãŠã
ã§ããã
ãŸãã f â² ( a ) = 0 {\displaystyle f'(a)=0} ã§ã a {\displaystyle a} ã®ååŸã§ f â² ( x ) {\displaystyle f'(x)} ã®ç¬Šå·ã + {\displaystyle +} ãã â {\displaystyle -} ã«å€ãããªãã°ã f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} ã¯ç¹ ( a , f ( a ) ) {\displaystyle (a,f(a))} ã§å¢å ããæžå°ã«è»¢ããããã®ãšãã® f ( a ) {\displaystyle f(a)} ãæ¥µå€§å€(ãããã ãã¡)ãšããã ãŸãã â {\displaystyle -} ãã + {\displaystyle +} ã«å€ãããªãã°ã f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} ã¯ç¹ ( a , f ( a ) ) {\displaystyle (a,f(a))} ã§æžå°ããå¢å ã«è»¢ããã®ã§ããã®ãšãã® f ( a ) {\displaystyle f(a)} ãæ¥µå°å€(ããããããã¡)ãšããã æ¥µå€§å€ã𿥵å°å€ããŸãšããŠæ¥µå€(ãããã¡)ãšããã f â² ( a ) = 0 {\displaystyle f'(a)=0} ã§ãã£ãŠããååŸã§ç¬Šå·ãå€ãããªããã° f ( a ) {\displaystyle f(a)} ã¯æ¥µå€ã§ã¯ãªãã
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·åãå€ããç¹ã®ããšã倿²ç¹(ãžãããããŠã)ãšãããäžã®èå¯ããã倿²ç¹ã¯ç¬¬äºæ¬¡å°é¢æ°ã®ç¬Šå·ãå€ããç¹ã§ããããšãããããæ¥µå€ã®å Žåãšåæ§ã«ãããšã f â²â² ( a ) = 0 {\displaystyle f''(a)=0} ã§ãã£ãŠãã笊å·ãå€ãããªããã°å€æ²ç¹ã§ã¯ãªãã
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å ±ã¯æ¥µå€ãšåæ§ã«éèŠãªã®ã§ã墿žè¡šã«ãç¬¬äºæ¬¡å°é¢æ°ã®æ¬ãã€ããã倿²ç¹ãèšå
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(ååŠãåç
§ã)
æ°çŽç·äžãéåããç©äœãæå» t {\displaystyle t} ã®ãšãäœçœ® x ( t ) {\displaystyle x(t)} ã«ãããšããããã®ç©äœã®éåºŠãæ±ããã æå»ã t {\displaystyle t} ãã t + h {\displaystyle t+h} ã«ç§»åãããšããç©äœã¯ x ( t ) {\displaystyle x(t)} ãã x ( t + h ) {\displaystyle x(t+h)} ã®äœçœ®ã«ç§»åããããã®ãšãã®å¹³åã®é床㯠Πx Î t = x ( t + h ) â x ( t ) ( t + h ) â t = x ( t + h ) â x ( t ) h {\displaystyle {\frac {\Delta x}{\Delta t}}={\frac {x(t+h)-x(t)}{(t+h)-t}}={\frac {x(t+h)-x(t)}{h}}} ããã§ã Î t = h {\displaystyle \Delta t=h} ãªã®ã§ã h {\displaystyle h} ãéããªã 0 ã«è¿ã¥ããã°ããã®ç©äœã®ç¬éã®éåºŠãæ±ãããããæå» t {\displaystyle t} ã®ãšãã®ç©äœã®ç¬éã®é床ã v ( t ) {\displaystyle v(t)} ãšããã°ã v ( t ) = lim h â 0 x ( t + h ) â x ( t ) h = x â² ( t ) = d x d t {\displaystyle v(t)=\lim _{h\to 0}{\frac {x(t+h)-x(t)}{h}}=x'(t)={\frac {dx}{dt}}} ã§ããã
åæ§ã«ãå é床ã«ã€ããŠããæå» t {\displaystyle t} ã®ãšãã®ç©äœã®å é床ã a ( t ) {\displaystyle a(t)} ãšããã°
a ( t ) = lim Î t â 0 Î v Î t = lim Î h â 0 x â² ( t + h ) â x â² ( t ) h = x â²â² ( t ) = d 2 x d t 2 {\displaystyle a(t)=\lim _{\Delta t\to 0}{\frac {\Delta v}{\Delta t}}=\lim _{\Delta h\to 0}{\frac {x'(t+h)-x'(t)}{h}}=x''(t)={\frac {d^{2}x}{dt^{2}}}}
ããã¯ãå¹³é¢äžãéåããç©äœã«ãæ¡åŒµã§ãããæå» t {\displaystyle t} ã®ãšãã®ç©äœã®äœçœ®ãã¯ãã«ã x â ( t ) = ( x ( t ) , y ( t ) ) {\displaystyle {\vec {x}}(t)=(x(t),y(t))} ã§äžãããããšãããã®ç©äœã®é床ãã¯ãã« v â {\displaystyle {\vec {v}}} 㯠v â = lim Î t â 0 Î x â Î t = d x â d t = ( d x d t , d y d t ) {\displaystyle {\vec {v}}=\lim _{\Delta t\to 0}{\frac {\Delta {\vec {x}}}{\Delta t}}={\frac {d{\vec {x}}}{dt}}=\left({\frac {dx}{dt}},{\frac {dy}{dt}}\right)} ã§ãããåæ§ã«å é床ãã¯ãã« a â {\displaystyle {\vec {a}}} ã«ã€ããŠãã a â = ( d 2 x d t 2 , d 2 x d t 2 ) {\displaystyle {\vec {a}}=\left({\frac {d^{2}x}{dt^{2}}},{\frac {d^{2}x}{dt^{2}}}\right)} ã
äŸãã°ãè§é床 Ï {\displaystyle \omega } ã§åç¹ãäžå¿ã«ååŸ r {\displaystyle r} ã®åéåããç©äœã t = 0 {\displaystyle t=0} ã§ x â ( 0 ) = ( r , 0 ) {\displaystyle {\vec {x}}(0)=(r,0)} ã«ãããšãããã®ç©äœã®æå» t {\displaystyle t} ã®ãšãã®äœçœ®ãã¯ãã« x â ( t ) {\displaystyle {\vec {x}}(t)} 㯠x â ( t ) = r ( cos Ï t sin Ï t ) {\displaystyle {\vec {x}}(t)=r\left({\begin{aligned}\cos \omega t\\\sin \omega t\end{aligned}}\right)} ã§ãããé床ãã¯ãã«ã¯ã v â = d x â d t = r Ï ( â sin Ï t cos Ï t ) {\displaystyle {\vec {v}}={\frac {d{\vec {x}}}{dt}}=r\omega \left({\begin{aligned}-\sin \omega t\\\cos \omega t\end{aligned}}\right)} ãå é床ãã¯ãã«ã¯ a â = d 2 x â d 2 t = â r Ï 2 ( cos Ï t sin Ï t ) = â Ï 2 x â ( t ) {\displaystyle {\vec {a}}={\frac {d^{2}{\vec {x}}}{d^{2}t}}=-r\omega ^{2}\left({\begin{aligned}\cos \omega t\\\sin \omega t\end{aligned}}\right)=-\omega ^{2}{\vec {x}}(t)} ããããããäœçœ®ãã¯ãã« x â ( t ) {\displaystyle {\vec {x}}(t)} ãšé床ãã¯ãã« v â ( t ) {\displaystyle {\vec {v}}(t)} ã¯çŽè¡ããäœçœ®ãã¯ãã« x â ( t ) {\displaystyle {\vec {x}}(t)} ãšå é床ãã¯ãã« a â ( t ) {\displaystyle {\vec {a}}(t)} ã¯éåãã§ããã | v â ( t ) | = r Ï {\displaystyle |{\vec {v}}(t)|=r\omega } ã | a â ( t ) | = r Ï 2 {\displaystyle |{\vec {a}}(t)|=r\omega ^{2}} ãæç«ããããšãåããã
ãŸããåéåã® x {\displaystyle x} æå ãŸã㯠y {\displaystyle y} æåã ãã«æ³šç®ããã°ãããã¯åæ¯åã§ããã
埮åä¿æ° f â² ( a ) {\displaystyle f'(a)} 㯠lim h â 0 f ( a + h ) â f ( a ) h = f â² ( a ) {\displaystyle \lim _{h\to 0}{\frac {f(a+h)-f(a)}{h}}=f'(a)} ãªã®ã§ã | h | {\displaystyle |h|} ãååå°ãããšãã f ( a + b ) â f ( a ) h â f â² ( a ) {\displaystyle {\frac {f(a+b)-f(a)}{h}}\fallingdotseq f'(a)} ã§ãããããªãã¡ã f ( a + h ) â f ( a ) + f â² ( a ) h {\displaystyle f(a+h)\fallingdotseq f(a)+f'(a)h} ãæãç«ã€ããããäžæ¬¡è¿äŒŒåŒãšåŒã¶ã
ãŸãã a = 0 , h = x {\displaystyle a=0,h=x} ãšãããšã | x | {\displaystyle |x|} ãå°ãããšã f ( x ) â f ( 0 ) + f â² ( 0 ) x {\displaystyle f(x)\fallingdotseq f(0)+f'(0)x} ã§ããã
g ( x ) = p x 2 + q x + r {\displaystyle g(x)=px^{2}+qx+r} ãšããã f ( a + h ) â g ( a + h ) {\displaystyle f(a+h)\fallingdotseq g(a+h)} ãšèŠåãããšã«ããã f ( a + h ) â f ( a ) + f â² ( a ) h + f â²â² ( a ) 2 h 2 {\displaystyle f(a+h)\fallingdotseq f(a)+f'(a)h+{\frac {f''(a)}{2}}h^{2}} ãåŸãããããããäºæ¬¡è¿äŒŒåŒãšåŒã¶ã
äžæ¬¡è¿äŒŒåŒãšäºæ¬¡è¿äŒŒåŒãèŠæ¯ã¹ããšãn次è¿äŒŒåŒã¯né
ç®ãŸã§ã®æéçŽæ°ã«ãªãããšãäºæ³ã§ãããããã§ãè¿äŒŒåŒã®æ¬¡æ°ãç¡éã«å€§ããããŠãããšãè¿äŒŒå€ã§ã¯ãªãçã«æ£ç¢ºãªå€ãåŸããããéã«èšããšãçã«æ£ç¢ºãªå€ãæ±ããç¡éçŽæ°ãããé
ã§æã¡åãããšã§ãè¿äŒŒåŒãšããŠæ©èœããããã®ç¡éçŽæ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã€ã©ãŒçŽæ°ããåç
§ã
颿° f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} 㯠[ a , b ] {\displaystyle [a,b]} ã§é£ç¶ã ( a , b ) {\displaystyle (a,b)} ã§åŸ®åå¯èœãšããã
f ( a ) = f ( b ) {\displaystyle f(a)=f(b)} ãªãã° f â² ( c ) = 0 {\displaystyle f'(c)=0} ãšãªãç¹ a < c < b {\displaystyle a<c<b} ãååšããã
蚌æ
颿° f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} ã«ã¯æå€§å€ãŸãã¯æå°å€ã a < x < b {\displaystyle a<x<b} ã®ç¯å²ã«äžã€ä»¥äžååšãããæå€§å€ãŸãã¯æå°å€ã§ã¯é¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ã¯ 0 ãªã®ã§ããã®ç¹ãéžã³ c {\displaystyle c} ãšãããšã f â² ( c ) = 0 {\displaystyle f'(c)=0} ãšãªãã
颿° f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} 㯠[ a , b ] {\displaystyle [a,b]} ã§é£ç¶ã ( a , b ) {\displaystyle (a,b)} ã§åŸ®åå¯èœãšããããã®ãšãã f ( b ) â f ( a ) b â a = f â² ( c ) {\displaystyle {\frac {f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}}=f'(c)} ãšãªã a < c < b {\displaystyle a<c<b} ãååšããã
蚌æ
g ( x ) = f ( x ) â A x {\displaystyle g(x)=f(x)-Ax} ãšããã宿° A {\displaystyle A} ã g ( a ) = g ( b ) {\displaystyle g(a)=g(b)} ãæºããããã«å®ããã
ãããã£ãŠã f ( a ) â A a = f ( b ) â A b {\displaystyle f(a)-Aa=f(b)-Ab} ããã A = f ( b ) â f ( a ) b â a {\displaystyle A={\frac {f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}}} ã§ããã
ããã§ã颿° g ( x ) {\displaystyle g(x)} ã«å¯ŸããŠããã«ã®å®çãçšããããšã«ããã g â² ( c ) = 0 {\displaystyle g'(c)=0} ãšãªã a < c < b {\displaystyle a<c<b} ãååšããã g â² ( x ) = f â² ( x ) â A {\displaystyle g'(x)=f'(x)-A} ã§ããããã f â² ( c ) = A = f ( b ) â f ( a ) b â a {\displaystyle f'(c)=A={\frac {f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}}} ãšãªã a < c < b {\displaystyle a<c<b} ãååšããããšããããã
颿° f ( x ) , g ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x),g(x)} 㯠[ a , b ] {\displaystyle [a,b]} ã§é£ç¶ã ( a , b ) {\displaystyle (a,b)} ã§åŸ®åå¯èœãšããããã®ãšãã { g ( b ) â g ( a ) } f â² ( c ) = { f ( b ) â f ( a ) } g â² ( c ) {\displaystyle \{g(b)-g(a)\}f'(c)=\{f(b)-f(a)\}g'(c)} ãšãªã c â ( a , b ) {\displaystyle c\in (a,b)} ãååšãããããã«ã g â² ( c ) â 0 , g ( a ) â g ( b ) {\displaystyle g'(c)\neq 0,\,g(a)\neq g(b)} ãšããã°ã f ( b ) â f ( a ) g ( b ) â g ( a ) = f â² ( c ) g â² ( c ) {\displaystyle {\frac {f(b)-f(a)}{g(b)-g(a)}}={\frac {f'(c)}{g'(c)}}} ãšãªã c â ( a , b ) {\displaystyle c\in (a,b)} ãååšããã
蚌æ
h ( t ) = { f ( b ) â f ( a ) } g ( t ) â { g ( b ) â g ( a ) } f ( t ) {\displaystyle h(t)=\{f(b)-f(a)\}g(t)-\{g(b)-g(a)\}f(t)} ãšãããããã§ã h ( t ) {\displaystyle h(t)} 㯠[ a , b ] {\displaystyle [a,b]} ã§é£ç¶ã ( a , b ) {\displaystyle (a,b)} ã§åŸ®åå¯èœã h ( a ) = h ( b ) {\displaystyle h(a)=h(b)} ãªã®ã§ããã«ã®å®çããã h â² ( c ) = 0 {\displaystyle h'(c)=0} ãšãªã c â ( a , b ) {\displaystyle c\in (a,b)} ãååšããã h â² ( c ) = 0 {\displaystyle h'(c)=0} ãå€åœ¢ã㊠{ g ( b ) â g ( a ) } f â² ( c ) = { f ( b ) â f ( a ) } g â² ( c ) {\displaystyle \{g(b)-g(a)\}f'(c)=\{f(b)-f(a)\}g'(c)} ãåŸããããã«ã g â² ( c ) â 0 , g ( a ) â g ( b ) {\displaystyle g'(c)\neq 0,\,g(a)\neq g(b)} ãªãã°ã f ( b ) â f ( a ) g ( b ) â g ( a ) = f â² ( c ) g â² ( c ) {\displaystyle {\frac {f(b)-f(a)}{g(b)-g(a)}}={\frac {f'(c)}{g'(c)}}} ã§ããã
f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} ãåºé I {\displaystyle I} ã§ n {\displaystyle n} å埮åå¯èœãªé¢æ°ãšãããä»»æã® a , x â I {\displaystyle a,x\in I} ã«å¯ŸããŠã Ο {\displaystyle \xi } ã a , x {\displaystyle a,x} ã®äžéã«ååšããŠã
f ( x ) = f ( a ) + f â² ( a ) 1 ! ( x â a ) + f â²â² ( a ) 2 ! ( x â a ) 2 + ⯠+ f ( n â 1 ) ( a ) ( n â 1 ) ! ( x â a ) n â 1 + f ( n ) ( Ο ) n ! ( x â a ) n . {\displaystyle f(x)=f(a)+{\frac {f'(a)}{1!}}(x-a)+{\frac {f''(a)}{2!}}(x-a)^{2}+\cdots +{\frac {f^{(n-1)}(a)}{(n-1)!}}(x-a)^{n-1}+{\frac {f^{(n)}(\xi )}{n!}}(x-a)^{n}.}
蚌æ
F ( x ) = f ( x ) â [ f ( a ) + f â² ( a ) 1 ! ( x â a ) + f â²â² ( a ) 2 ! ( x â a ) 2 + ⯠+ f ( n â 1 ) ( a ) ( n â 1 ) ! ( x â a ) n â 1 ] {\displaystyle F(x)=f(x)-\left[f(a)+{\frac {f'(a)}{1!}}(x-a)+{\frac {f''(a)}{2!}}(x-a)^{2}+\cdots +{\frac {f^{(n-1)}(a)}{(n-1)!}}(x-a)^{n-1}\right]} ãšããã F ( x ) {\displaystyle F(x)} ãšé¢æ° ( x â a ) n {\displaystyle (x-a)^{n}} ã«å¯ŸããŠãã³ãŒã·ãŒã®å¹³åå€ã®å®çãé©çšãããšã F ( a ) = 0 {\displaystyle F(a)=0} ããã F ( x ) ( x â a ) n = F ( x ) â F ( a ) ( x â a ) n â ( a â a ) n = F â² ( x 1 ) n ( x 1 â a ) n â 1 {\displaystyle {\frac {F(x)}{(x-a)^{n}}}={\frac {F(x)-F(a)}{(x-a)^{n}-(a-a)^{n}}}={\frac {F'(x_{1})}{n(x_{1}-a)^{n-1}}}} ãšãªã x 1 {\displaystyle x_{1}} ã a , x {\displaystyle a,x} ã®äžéã«ååšããã F â² ( a ) = F â²â² ( a ) = ⯠= F ( n â 1 ) ( a ) = 0 {\displaystyle F'(a)=F''(a)=\cdots =F^{(n-1)}(a)=0} ã§ãããããå³èŸºã«ãåæ§ã«ã³ãŒã·ãŒã®å¹³åå€ã®å®çãé©çšããããšã§ã F ( x ) ( x â a ) n = F â² ( x 1 ) n ( x 1 â a ) n â 1 = F â²â² ( x 2 ) n ( n â 1 ) ( x 2 â a ) n â 2 = ⯠= F ( n ) ( Ο ) n ! {\displaystyle {\frac {F(x)}{(x-a)^{n}}}={\frac {F'(x_{1})}{n(x_{1}-a)^{n-1}}}={\frac {F''(x_{2})}{n(n-1)(x_{2}-a)^{n-2}}}=\cdots ={\frac {F^{(n)}(\xi )}{n!}}} ãšãªã x 1 , x 2 , ⯠, Ο {\displaystyle x_{1},x_{2},\cdots ,\xi } ã a , x {\displaystyle a,x} ã®äžéã«ååšããã F ( n ) ( x ) = f ( n ) ( x ) {\displaystyle F^{(n)}(x)=f^{(n)}(x)} ã ããã F ( x ) = f ( n ) ( Ο ) n ! ( x â a ) n {\displaystyle F(x)={\frac {f^{(n)}(\xi )}{n!}}(x-a)^{n}} ãåŸãã
颿° g ( x ) {\displaystyle g(x)} ã«å¯ŸããŠã lim x â a f ( x ) g ( x ) = 0 {\displaystyle \lim _{x\to a}{\frac {f(x)}{g(x)}}=0} ãšãªããããªé¢æ° f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} ãäžè¬ã« o g {\displaystyle og} ãšè¡šãã
ã©ã³ããŠèšå·ã«ã€ããŠæ¬¡ãæãç«ã€ã
ã©ã³ããŠã®èšå·ã¯äžè¬ã«ã¯éã颿°ãåãèšå·ã§è¡šããŠããã®ã§æ³šæãå¿
èŠã§ãããäŸãã° 1. ã¯ä»»æã® f = o h , g = o h {\displaystyle f=oh,\,g=oh} ã§ãã颿°ã«ã€ããŠã lim x â a f + g h = 0 {\displaystyle \lim _{x\to a}{\frac {f+g}{h}}=0} ãšããæå³ã§ããã
2. 㯠f = o h {\displaystyle f=oh} ãšãããšã k f h â 0. {\displaystyle {\frac {kf}{h}}\to 0.} 3. 㯠f g â 0 , g h â 0 {\displaystyle {\frac {f}{g}}\to 0,\,{\frac {g}{h}}\to 0} ãªãã°ã f h = f g g h â 0 {\displaystyle {\frac {f}{h}}={\frac {f}{g}}{\frac {g}{h}}\to 0} ãšãªãããã f = o h . {\displaystyle f=oh.}
ã©ã³ããŠã®èšå·ã«ã€ããŠã x {\displaystyle x} ãã©ãã«è¿ã¥ãããšãã( x â a {\displaystyle x\to a} )ãšããããšã¯éèŠã ããæèããæãããªå Žåã¯çç¥ãããã
ãã€ã©ãŒã®å®çã«ãããå³èŸºæåŸã®é
ãå°äœé
ãšãããããã R n {\displaystyle R_{n}} ãšæžãã f ( n ) ( x ) {\displaystyle f^{(n)}(x)} ã x = a {\displaystyle x=a} ã§é£ç¶ãªãã°ã lim x â a R n ( x â a ) n = lim Ο â a f ( n ) ( Ο ) n ! = f ( n ) ( a ) n ! . {\displaystyle \lim _{x\to a}{\frac {R_{n}}{(x-a)^{n}}}=\lim _{\xi \to a}{\frac {f^{(n)}(\xi )}{n!}}={\frac {f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}}.}
ããã¯ã lim x â a R n â f ( n ) ( a ) n ! ( x â a ) n ( x â a ) n = 0 {\displaystyle \lim _{x\to a}{\frac {R_{n}-{\frac {f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}}(x-a)^{n}}{(x-a)^{n}}}=0} ãšæžããããã R n = f ( n ) ( a ) n ! ( x â a ) n + o ( x â a ) n . {\displaystyle R_{n}={\frac {f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}}(x-a)^{n}+o{(x-a)^{n}}.}
ããªãã¡ã
f ( x ) = f ( a ) + f â² ( a ) 1 ! ( x â a ) + f â²â² ( a ) 2 ! ( x â a ) 2 + ⯠+ f ( n ) ( a ) n ! ( x â a ) n + o ( x â a ) n {\displaystyle f(x)=f(a)+{\frac {f'(a)}{1!}}(x-a)+{\frac {f''(a)}{2!}}(x-a)^{2}+\cdots +{\frac {f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}}(x-a)^{n}+o(x-a)^{n}}
挞è¿å±éãçšãããšæ¥µéã®åé¡ãç°¡åã«è§£ãããšãåºæ¥ããäŸãã°ã lim x â 0 e x â e â x x = lim x â 0 ( 1 + x + o x ) â ( 1 â x + o x ) x = lim x â 0 2 + o x x = 2. {\displaystyle \lim _{x\to 0}{\frac {e^{x}-e^{-x}}{x}}=\lim _{x\to 0}{\frac {(1+x+ox)-(1-x+ox)}{x}}=\lim _{x\to 0}2+{\frac {ox}{x}}=2.}
äŸ
α {\displaystyle \alpha } ã宿°ãšããã f ( x ) = ( 1 + x ) α {\displaystyle f(x)=(1+x)^{\alpha }} ã«ã€ããŠã f ( n ) ( 0 ) = α ( α â 1 ) ⯠( α â n + 1 ) {\displaystyle f^{(n)}(0)=\alpha (\alpha -1)\cdots (\alpha -n+1)} ãªã®ã§ã
( 1 + x ) α = â k = 0 n ( α k ) x k + o x n {\displaystyle (1+x)^{\alpha }=\sum _{k=0}^{n}{\binom {\alpha }{k}}x^{k}+ox^{n}}
ãã ãã ( α k ) = α ( α â 1 ) ⯠( α â k + 1 ) k ! , ( α 0 ) = 1 {\displaystyle {\binom {\alpha }{k}}={\frac {\alpha (\alpha -1)\cdots (\alpha -k+1)}{k!}},\,{\binom {\alpha }{0}}=1} ã¯äžè¬äºé
ä¿æ°ã
äŸãã°ã
1 + x = 1 + 1 2 x + o x {\displaystyle {\sqrt {1+x}}=1+{\frac {1}{2}}x+ox}
1 1 + x = 1 â 1 2 x + o x {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {1+x}}}=1-{\frac {1}{2}}x+ox}
ãªã©ããããã¯è¿äŒŒå
¬åŒãšããŠããã䜿ãããã
ãã€ã©ãŒã®å®çã«ãããŠã颿° f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} ãåºé I {\displaystyle I} ã§ç¡éå埮åå¯èœ(ä»»æã®æ¬¡æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ãååšããããš)ã§å°äœé
ã lim n â â R n = 0 {\displaystyle \lim _{n\to \infty }R_{n}=0} ãªãã°ã
f ( x ) = â n = 0 â f ( n ) ( a ) n ! ( x â a ) n . {\displaystyle f(x)=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}}(x-a)^{n}.}
ããããã€ã©ãŒçŽæ°ãšãããç¹ã« a = 0 {\displaystyle a=0} ã®ãã®ããã¯ããŒãªã³çŽæ°ãšããã
ããã€ãã®é¢æ°ã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éãæ±ãããã
f ( x ) = e x {\displaystyle f(x)=e^{x}} ãšãããšã f ( n ) ( x ) = e x , f ( n ) ( 0 ) = 1 {\displaystyle f^{(n)}(x)=e^{x},f^{(n)}(0)=1} ã§ã | R n | = | e Ο n ! x n | < e | x | n ! | x | n {\displaystyle |R_{n}|=\left|{\frac {e^{\xi }}{n!}}x^{n}\right|<{\frac {e^{|x|}}{n!}}|x|^{n}} ãããä»»æã® x {\displaystyle x} ã«å¯ŸããŠã lim n â â R n = 0 {\displaystyle \lim _{n\to \infty }R_{n}=0} ãšãªããããªãã¡ã
e x = â n = 0 â 1 n ! x n . {\displaystyle e^{x}=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{n!}}x^{n}.}
sin x , cos x {\displaystyle \sin x,\cos x} ã«ã€ããŠãåãããã«èšç®ããŠã
sin x = â n = 0 â ( â 1 ) n ( 2 n + 1 ) ! x 2 n + 1 , cos x = â n = 0 â ( â 1 ) n ( 2 n ) ! x 2 n {\displaystyle \sin x=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{n}}{(2n+1)!}}x^{2n+1},\,\cos x=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{n}}{(2n)!}}x^{2n}}
ãåŸãã | [
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"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ã埮åã»ç©åã®èãã§åŠãã 埮åã®æ§è³ªã«ã€ããŠãã詳ããæ±ããç¹ã«ã颿°ã®åãå·®ãç©ãåãæŽã«åæé¢æ°ããé颿°ã®å°é¢æ°ã«ã€ããŠè©³ããæ±ãããŸããäžè§é¢æ°ãªã©ã®è€éãªé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠãããã§ãŸãšããã",
"title": ""
},
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"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿° f ( x ) {\\displaystyle f(x)} ãä»»æã®ç¹xã§æ¥µéå€",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæã€ãšãã颿° f ( x ) {\\displaystyle f(x)} ã¯åŸ®åå¯èœãšèšãã颿° f' ãã颿°fã®å°é¢æ°ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿° f ( x ) {\\displaystyle f(x)} ã埮åå¯èœãªãã°ãé£ç¶é¢æ°ã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(蚌æ) fã埮åå¯èœãšãããšã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§ãfã¯é£ç¶ã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ã颿°ã®åãå·®ãç©ãåã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠæ±ãããããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ä»¥éã®èšç®ã§åžžã«çšããããå
容ã§ããã®ã§ãååã«ç¿çããŠããå¿
èŠãããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f,gã埮åå¯èœãªé¢æ°ãšããããã®ãšããfãšgã®åã«ã€ããŠæ¬¡ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ã颿°ã®åã埮åããŠåŸãããå°é¢æ°ã¯ãããããã®é¢æ°ã®åãè¶³ãåããããã®ã«çããããšã衚ããŠããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°åº",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
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"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ã颿°ã®å®æ°åã®å°é¢æ°ã«ã€ããŠèããã颿°ã®å®æ°åããããã®ã埮åãããã®ã¯ã宿°åããåã®é¢æ°ã«å¯Ÿããå°é¢æ°ã宿°åãããã®ã«ãªããå
·äœçã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®åŒãæãç«ã€ã ( a f ) â² = a f â² {\\displaystyle (af)'=af'} (aã¯å®æ°)",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°åº",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç©ã«é¢ããŠã¯ãåã宿°åãšæ¯ã¹ãŠèšç®çµæãããè€éã«ãªããå
·äœçã«ã¯æ¬¡ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ãããããã®é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãšãã以å€ã®é¢æ°ãšã®ç©ãåŸããããšããããšã衚ããŠãããããã¯å°åºãèŠãªããšãªããããªãããããããªãããç¥ããªãããããå°åºãæ€èšããããšãéèŠã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°åº",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã lim h â 0 f ( x + h ) = f ( x ) {\\displaystyle \\lim _{h\\rightarrow 0}f(x+h)=f(x)} ã«æ³šæãããšã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°åŠIIã§ç¿ã£ãããã«ãnãèªç¶æ°ãšãããšãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ãæ°åŠIIã§ã¯æ±ããªãã£ãäžåŒã®å°åºãè¡ãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(å°åºãã®1)",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãäºé
å®çã«ãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åŒããåŒ(1)ã®å³èŸºã«ä»£å
¥ãããš",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(å°åºãã®2)",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[1] n = 1 {\\displaystyle n=1} ã®ãšã 巊蟺ã¯",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãããå³èŸºã¯",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§ã n = 1 {\\displaystyle n=1} ã®ãšã1ã¯æãç«ã€ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[2] n = k {\\displaystyle n=k} ã®ãšã ( x k ) â² = k x k â 1 {\\displaystyle (x^{k})'=kx^{k-1}} ãæãç«ã€ãšä»®å®ããã n = k + 1 {\\displaystyle n=k+1} ã®ãšããç©ã®å°é¢æ°ã®åŒãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠã n = k + 1 {\\displaystyle n=k+1} ã®ãšãã1ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[1] [2]ããããã¹ãŠã®èªç¶æ° n {\\displaystyle n} ã«ã€ããŠ1ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åã®å°é¢æ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯æ¬¡åŒãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åŒã«ã€ããŠããããå°åºãæ€èšããããšãå¿
èŠã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°åº",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããåã®å°é¢æ°ã®åŒãšãç©ã®å°é¢æ°ã®åŒãããæ¬¡ã®å
¬åŒãå°ãããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åŒã¯ãç©ã®åŒãšåã®åŒããçŽæ¥åŸãåŒã ããããçŸãã圢ã§ããã®ã§ãèŠããŠãããšäŸ¿å©ãªããšãããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°åº",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "x a {\\displaystyle x^{a}} ã®ææ°ãèªç¶æ° n {\\displaystyle n} ã§ãããšãã ( x n ) â² = n x n â 1 {\\displaystyle (x^{n})'=nx^{n-1}} ã§ããã®ã¯æ¢ã«èšŒæããã ããã§ã¯ãææ°ãæŽæ°ã®å Žåãèããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[1] m {\\displaystyle m} ãè² ã®æŽæ°ã®ãšã n = â m {\\displaystyle n=-m} ãšããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãšã n {\\displaystyle n} ã¯æ£ã®æŽæ°ã§ãåã®å°é¢æ°ã®åŒãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[2] m = 0 {\\displaystyle m=0} ã®ãšãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠãæŽæ° m {\\displaystyle m} ã«ã€ã㊠( x m ) â² = m x m â 1 {\\displaystyle (x^{m})'=mx^{m-1}} ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæé¢æ°ãšã¯ã2ã€ã®é¢æ° f , g {\\displaystyle f,g} ãçšããŠã h ( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) {\\displaystyle h(x)=f(g(x))} ãšããåœ¢ã§æžãããšãã§ãã颿°ã®ããšã§ãããåæé¢æ°ã¯ãäžãããã倿°ã«å¯Ÿãã颿°ãšèŠãããšãã§ããå°é¢æ°ãåãããšãå¯èœã§ãããå
·äœçã«ã¯ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°åº",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f ( x ) = x {\\displaystyle f(x)={\\sqrt {x}}} ã g ( x ) = x 2 + x + 1 {\\displaystyle g(x)=x^{2}+x+1} ãšããããã®åæé¢æ°ã¯ã f ( g ( x ) ) = x 2 + x + 1 {\\displaystyle f(g(x))={\\sqrt {x^{2}+x+1}}} ã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åæé¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ãæ±ããŠã¿ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f â² ( x ) = 1 2 x {\\displaystyle f'(x)={\\frac {1}{2{\\sqrt {x}}}}}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "g â² ( x ) = 2 x + 1 {\\displaystyle g'(x)=2x+1}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§ã f ( g ( x ) ) â² = f â² ( g ( x ) ) g â² ( x ) = 2 x + 1 2 x 2 + x + 1 {\\displaystyle {f(g(x))}'=f'(g(x))g'(x)={\\frac {2x+1}{2{\\sqrt {x^{2}+x+1}}}}}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â»é¢æ° f , g {\\displaystyle f,g} ã®åæé¢æ°ã ( f â g ) ( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) {\\displaystyle (f\\circ g)(x)=f(g(x))} ãšæžãããšãããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã¯ã©ã€ããããã®èšæ³ãçšããŠã y = f ( u ) , u = g ( x ) {\\displaystyle y=f(u),u=g(x)} ã®ãšãã d y d x = f ( g ( x ) ) â² {\\displaystyle {\\frac {dy}{dx}}=f(g(x))'} ã f â² ( u ) = d y d u {\\displaystyle f'(u)={\\frac {dy}{du}}} ã g â² ( x ) = d u d x {\\displaystyle g'(x)={\\frac {du}{dx}}} ãªã®ã§ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããšãã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã以äžã®å
¬åŒãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( f â 1 ( y ) ) â² = 1 ( f ( x ) ) â² {\\displaystyle (f^{-1}(y))'={\\frac {1}{(f(x))'}}}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°åº",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "y = f ( x ) {\\displaystyle y=f(x)} ãšçœ®ããšã x = f â 1 ( y ) {\\displaystyle x=f^{-1}(y)} ã§ã y â y 0 {\\displaystyle y\\to y_{0}} ã®ãšã x â x 0 {\\displaystyle x\\to x_{0}} ã§ããããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "x a {\\displaystyle x^{a}} ã®ææ°ãæŽæ° m {\\displaystyle m} ã®ãšãã ( x m ) â² = m x m â 1 {\\displaystyle (x^{m})'=mx^{m-1}} ãæãç«ã€ã®ã¯æ¢ã«èšŒæããã æ¬¡ã¯ã x > 0 {\\displaystyle x>0} ãšããŠææ°ãæçæ°ã®ãšããèããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããææ°ãæŽæ°ã§ããå Žåãã环ä¹ããšåŒã¶ã®ã«å¯Ÿããææ°ãæçæ°(宿°)ã§ããå Žåããåªä¹(ã¹ãããã)ããšåŒã¶ãæçæ°ã¯æŽæ°ãå«ãã®ã§ã环ä¹ã¯åªä¹ã®ç¹å¥ãªå Žåãæãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[1] n {\\displaystyle n} ãèªç¶æ°ãšãããšã y = x 1 n {\\displaystyle y=x^{\\frac {1}{n}}} ã®ãšãã x = y n {\\displaystyle x=y^{n}} ãæãç«ã€ã®ã§ãé颿°ã®å°é¢æ°ã®åŒãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[2] m {\\displaystyle m} ãæŽæ°ãšãããšãæçæ° p {\\displaystyle p} ã«ã€ããŠ",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§ã[1]ãšåæé¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ã®åŒãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠãæçæ° p {\\displaystyle p} ã«ã€ã㊠( x p ) â² = p x p â 1 {\\displaystyle (x^{p})'=px^{p-1}} ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°åº",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«æ³šæãããšã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããçµæãåŸãããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "tan x {\\displaystyle \\tan x} ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ k = h x {\\displaystyle k={\\frac {h}{x}}} ãšçœ®ããšã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "kã0ã«è¿ã¥ããŠãããšã ( 1 + k ) 1 k {\\displaystyle (1+k)^{\\frac {1}{k}}} ã¯ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1.1 1 0.1 = 2.5937424601 {\\displaystyle 1.1^{\\frac {1}{0.1}}=2.5937424601}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1.01 1 0.01 = 2.7048138294215260932671947108075 {\\displaystyle 1.01^{\\frac {1}{0.01}}=2.7048138294215260932671947108075}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1.001 1 0.001 = 2.7169239322358924573830881219476 {\\displaystyle 1.001^{\\frac {1}{0.001}}=2.7169239322358924573830881219476}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1.0001 1 0.0001 = 2.7181459268252248640376646749131 {\\displaystyle 1.0001^{\\frac {1}{0.0001}}=2.7181459268252248640376646749131}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "0.9 1 â 0.1 = 2.8679719907924413133222572312408 {\\displaystyle 0.9^{\\frac {1}{-0.1}}=2.8679719907924413133222572312408}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "0.99 1 â 0.01 = 2.7319990264290260038466717212578 {\\displaystyle 0.99^{\\frac {1}{-0.01}}=2.7319990264290260038466717212578}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "0.999 1 â 0.001 = 2.719642216442850365397553464404 {\\displaystyle 0.999^{\\frac {1}{-0.001}}=2.719642216442850365397553464404}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "0.9999 1 â 0.0001 = 2.7184177550104492651837311208356 {\\displaystyle 0.9999^{\\frac {1}{-0.0001}}=2.7184177550104492651837311208356}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(èšç®:Windowsä»å±é»å)",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããäžå®ã®å€ã«è¿ã¥ããŠãã(蚌æã¯æ°åŠIIIã®ç¯å²ã§ã¯ã§ããªã)ã ãã®äžå®ã®å€ãããªãã¡",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "lim k â 0 ( 1 + k ) 1 k = 2.718281828... {\\displaystyle \\lim _{k\\to 0}(1+k)^{\\frac {1}{k}}=2.718281828...}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãeã§è¡šãããããšã lim k â 0 ( 1 + k ) 1 k = e {\\displaystyle \\lim _{k\\to 0}(1+k)^{\\frac {1}{k}}=e}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããäžã®åŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããšã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹ã« a = e {\\displaystyle a=e} ã®ãšãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( log e x ) â² = 1 x {\\displaystyle (\\log _{e}x)'={\\frac {1}{x}}}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "eãåºãšãã察æ°ãèªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ãšããã eã¯ãèªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ã®åºããŸãã¯ããã€ãã¢æ°ããšåŒã°ããããšãå€ãã æ°åŠã§ã¯ã log e x {\\displaystyle \\log _{e}x} ã®eãçç¥ããŠlog xãšæžãã æ°åŠä»¥å€ã®åéã§ã¯ãåžžçšå¯Ÿæ°ãšåºå¥ããããã«ãln xãçšããããããšãããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã log | x | {\\displaystyle \\log |x|} ã®åŸ®åã¯ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "x>0ã®ãšã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "x<0ã®ãšã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠã ( log | x | ) â² = 1 x {\\displaystyle (\\log |x|)'={\\frac {1}{x}}}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åæ³ããã { l o g | f ( x ) | } â² = f â² ( x ) f ( x ) {\\displaystyle \\{log|f(x)|\\}'={\\frac {f'(x)}{f(x)}}} ãæãç«ã€ããšããããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "lim k â 0 ( 1 + k ) 1 k = e {\\displaystyle \\lim _{k\\to 0}(1+k)^{\\frac {1}{k}}=e} ãšå
ã»ã©å®çŸ©ãããããã®å®çŸ©åŒã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«æžãæããããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "lim x â â ( 1 + 1 x ) x = e {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\to \\infty }(1+{\\frac {1}{x}})^{x}=e}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "lim x â â â ( 1 + 1 x ) x = e {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\to -\\infty }(1+{\\frac {1}{x}})^{x}=e}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®äºã€ã®åŒã¯ k = 1 x {\\displaystyle k={\\frac {1}{x}}} ãšçœ®ãæãããšããããã e {\\displaystyle e} ã®å®çŸ©åŒã®çåŽæ¥µéã®å Žåã衚ããŠããããšããããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®åŒãå©çšããããšã§ãä»ãŸã§è§£ããªãã£ããã¿ãŒã³ã®æ¥µéãæ±ããããããã«ãªãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸé¡) lim x â 0 log ( 1 â x ) x {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\to 0}{\\frac {\\log(1-x)}{x}}} ã®æ¥µéãæ±ãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è§£ç)",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"tag": "p",
"text": "lim x â 0 log ( 1 â x ) x = lim x â 0 log ( 1 â x ) 1 x {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\to 0}{\\frac {\\log(1-x)}{x}}=\\lim _{x\\to 0}\\log(1-x)^{\\frac {1}{x}}}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â x = k {\\displaystyle -x=k} ãšãããš x â 0 {\\displaystyle x\\rightarrow 0} ã®ãšã k â 0 {\\displaystyle k\\rightarrow 0} ãªã®ã§ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(äžåŒ) = lim k â 0 v log ( 1 + k ) â 1 k = lim k â 0 â log ( 1 + k ) 1 k {\\displaystyle =\\lim _{k\\to 0}v\\log(1+k)^{-{\\frac {1}{k}}}=\\lim _{k\\to 0}-\\log(1+k)^{\\frac {1}{k}}}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã察æ°é¢æ°ã¯é£ç¶é¢æ°ãªã®ã§ãlogãšlimãå
¥ãæ¿ããŠãè¯ãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(äžåŒ) = â log { lim k â 0 ( 1 + k ) 1 k } = â log e = â 1 {\\displaystyle =-\\log\\{\\lim _{k\\to 0}(1+k)^{\\frac {1}{k}}\\}=-\\log e=-1}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠãåæããŠæ¥µéå€ã¯-1ã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"tag": "p",
"text": "y = a x ( a > 0 ) {\\displaystyle y=a^{x}(a>0)}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"tag": "p",
"text": "䞡蟺ã®èªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ããšããšã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"tag": "p",
"text": "log y = x log a {\\displaystyle \\log y=x\\log a}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"tag": "p",
"text": "䞡蟺ãxã§åŸ®åãããšã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"tag": "p",
"text": "y â² y = log a {\\displaystyle {\\frac {y'}{y}}=\\log a}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"tag": "p",
"text": "y â² = y log a {\\displaystyle y'=y\\log a}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"tag": "p",
"text": "y â² = a x log a {\\displaystyle y'=a^{x}\\log a}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹ã«a=eã®å Žå",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( e x ) â² = e x {\\displaystyle (e^{x})'=e^{x}}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"tag": "p",
"text": "e x {\\displaystyle e^{x}} ã®xãç
©éãªå Žåã e x = e x p ( x ) {\\displaystyle e^{x}=exp(x)} ã®ããã«è¡šãå ŽåãããããŸãã䞡蟺ã®èªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ããšã£ãŠãã埮åããæäœã察æ°åŸ®åæ³ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"tag": "p",
"text": "埮åä¿æ°ã®å®çŸ©åŒãçšããŠæ¥µéãæ±ããããšãã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸé¡) lim x â 0 e x â 1 x {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\to 0}{\\frac {e^{x}-1}{x}}} ãæ±ãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è§£ç)",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"tag": "p",
"text": "lim x â 0 e x â 1 x = lim x â 0 e x â e 0 x â 0 {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\to 0}{\\frac {e^{x}-1}{x}}=\\lim _{x\\to 0}{\\frac {e^{x}-e^{0}}{x-0}}}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã埮åä¿æ°ã®å®çŸ©åŒ f â² ( a ) = lim x â a f ( x ) â f ( a ) x â a {\\displaystyle f'(a)=\\lim _{x\\to a}{\\frac {f(x)-f(a)}{x-a}}} ããã f ( x ) = e x {\\displaystyle f(x)=e^{x}} ãšãããš f â² ( x ) = e x {\\displaystyle f'(x)=e^{x}} ã§",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(äžåŒ) = f â² ( 0 ) = e 0 = 1 {\\displaystyle =f'(0)=e^{0}=1}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 145,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠãåæããŠæ¥µéå€ã¯1ã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 147,
"tag": "p",
"text": "x a {\\displaystyle x^{a}} ã®ææ°ãæçæ° p {\\displaystyle p} ã®ãšãã ( x p ) â² = p x p â 1 {\\displaystyle (x^{p})'=px^{p-1}} ãæãç«ã€ã®ã¯æ¢ã«èšŒæããã æåŸã«ã x > 0 {\\displaystyle x>0} ãšããŠææ°ã宿°ã®ãšããèããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 148,
"tag": "p",
"text": "y = x a {\\displaystyle y=x^{a}} ã® a {\\displaystyle a} ã¯å®æ°ã§ãããšããã 䞡蟺ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ã®èªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ããšã£ãŠ",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 149,
"tag": "p",
"text": "䞡蟺ãxã§åŸ®åããŠã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 150,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠ",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 151,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 152,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåã¯ææ°ãèªç¶æ°ã®å Žåã®ã¿ã ã£ãã®ã«æ¯ã¹ãããäžè¬ã®ç¯å²ã§äžåŒãæãç«ã€ããšãããã£ãããã®ããã«ããåŒãããäžè¬ã«èšããããã«ããã®ããæ°åŠã®çºå±æ§ã§ããééå³ã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 153,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 154,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 155,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°é¢æ°f'(x)ãf(x)ã®ç¬¬1次å°é¢æ°ãšããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 156,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°é¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ã第2次å°é¢æ°ãšããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 157,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°é¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ã第3次å°é¢æ°ãšããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 158,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè¬ã«ã颿°f(x)ãnå埮åããŠåŸããã颿°ã第n次å°é¢æ°ãšããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 159,
"tag": "p",
"text": "y ( n ) , f ( n ) , d n y d x n , d n d x n f ( x ) {\\displaystyle y^{(n)},f^{(n)},{\\frac {d^{n}y}{dx^{n}}},{\\frac {d^{n}}{dx^{n}}}f(x)}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 160,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããããã§è¡šãã ãŸããnã1,2,3ã®æã¯ãããã y â² , y â²â² , y â²â²â² {\\displaystyle y',y'',y'''} ã f â² ( x ) , f â²â² ( x ) , f â²â²â² ( x ) {\\displaystyle f'(x),f''(x),f'''(x)} ãšè¡šãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 161,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2次以äžã®å°é¢æ°ã髿¬¡å°é¢æ°ãšããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 162,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(äŸ) f ( x ) = x 5 {\\displaystyle f(x)=x^{5}} ã®ç¬¬3次å°é¢æ°ã¯",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 163,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f â² ( x ) = 5 x 4 {\\displaystyle f'(x)=5x^{4}}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 164,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f â²â² ( x ) = 20 x 3 {\\displaystyle f''(x)=20x^{3}}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 165,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f â²â²â² ( x ) = 60 x 2 {\\displaystyle f'''(x)=60x^{2}}",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 166,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§ 60 x 2 {\\displaystyle 60x^{2}} ã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 167,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 168,
"tag": "p",
"text": "y = f ( x ) {\\displaystyle y=f(x)} ã®åœ¢ã§è¡šããã颿°ãéœé¢æ°ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 169,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«å¯Ÿã F ( x , y ) = 0 {\\displaystyle F(x,y)=0} ã®åœ¢ã§è¡šããã颿°ãé°é¢æ°ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 170,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ãåã®æ¹çšåŒã¯é°é¢æ°è¡šç€ºããã颿°ã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 171,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éœé¢æ°ãšé°é¢æ°ã¯äºãã«äºãã®åœ¢ãžãšå€åœ¢ã§ããããå€åœ¢ãããšåŒãç
©éã«ãªãå Žåããããããã§ã F ( x , y ) {\\displaystyle F(x,y)} ãåæé¢æ°ãšèŠåããŠåŸ®åããããšãèããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 172,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(äŸ)åã®æ¹çšåŒ x 2 + y 2 = 4 {\\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}=4} ã«ã€ããŠã d d x y {\\displaystyle {\\frac {d}{dx}}y} ãæ±ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 173,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åŒãyã«ã€ããŠè§£ããš y = ± 4 â x 2 {\\displaystyle y=\\pm {\\sqrt {4-x^{2}}}} ã§ãããããã®åŒã埮åããããšãããšåŒãç
©éã§åä»ã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 174,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®yã«ã€ããŠã®çåŒããå
ã®æ¹çšåŒã®yã¯ãxã®åŒãå¥ã®æåã§çœ®æãããã®ããšèããããã®ã§ãåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åæ³ãå©çšãããšå
ã®åœ¢ã®ãŸãŸåŸ®åãã§ããã å
ã®æ¹çšåŒã®äž¡èŸºãxã§åŸ®åãããšã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 175,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 176,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 177,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªãã¡",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 178,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 179,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããç
©éã«ãªãã®ã§yãxã®åŒã«çŽãå¿
èŠã¯ãªãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 180,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 181,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¯ãã«ã§ç¿ã£ãããã«ãçŽç·ã®æ¹çšåŒã¯åªä»å€æ°tãçšããŠäžæ¬¡é¢æ° x = f ( t ) , y = g ( t ) {\\displaystyle x=f(t),y=g(t)} ã§è¡šãããããããåªä»å€æ°è¡šç€ºããšåŒãã ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 182,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè¬ã«ãåªä»å€æ°è¡šç€º x = f ( t ) , y = g ( t ) {\\displaystyle x=f(t),y=g(t)} ã¯æ²ç·ã衚ããããã§ãããæ²ç·ãã¯åã«æ²ãã£ãç·ã®ããšã§ã¯ãªããçŽç·ãå«ãäžè¬çãªç·ã®ããšã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 183,
"tag": "p",
"text": "x = f ( t ) , y = g ( t ) {\\displaystyle x=f(t),y=g(t)} ãxã§åŸ®åãããã 颿°f,gãäžè§é¢æ°ã®å Žåçã髿 ¡ç¯å²ã§ã¯tãæ¶å»ã§ããªãããšãããã®ã§ãåªä»å€æ°è¡šç€ºã®ãŸãŸåŸ®åããããšãèããã y = g ( t ) ⺠t = g â 1 ( y ) {\\displaystyle y=g(t)\\iff t=g^{-1}(y)} ãããtãyã®åŒãšèãããš x = f ( t ) {\\displaystyle x=f(t)} ã¯åæé¢æ°ãšèŠåããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 184,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠãåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åæ³ãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 185,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 186,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãé颿°ã®åŸ®åæ³ãã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 187,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã®ã§ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 188,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 189,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã d 2 d x 2 y {\\displaystyle {\\frac {d^{2}}{dx^{2}}}y} 㯠d y d x {\\displaystyle {\\frac {dy}{dx}}} ã«åã³åªä»å€æ°æ²ç·ã®åŸ®åæ³ãçšããããšã§ã d d t ( d y d x ) d x d t {\\displaystyle {\\frac {{\\frac {d}{dt}}({\\frac {dy}{dx}})}{\\frac {dx}{dt}}}} ã®ããã«èšç®ã§ããã",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 190,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 191,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 192,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿° f ( x ) {\\displaystyle f(x)} äžã®ç¹ ( a , f ( a ) ) {\\displaystyle (a,f(a))} ã«ãããæ¥ç·ã®åŸã㯠f â² ( a ) {\\displaystyle f'(a)} ã§ããã®ã§ãæ¥ç·ã®æ¹çšåŒã¯",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 193,
"tag": "p",
"text": "y â f ( a ) = f â² ( a ) ( x â a ) {\\displaystyle y-f(a)=f'(a)(x-a)}",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 194,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 195,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããæ¥ç¹ãéãæ¥ç·ã«åçŽãªçŽç·ãæ³ç·(ã»ããã)ãšããã åçŽãªçŽç·å士ã¯åŸãã®ç¬Šå·ãéã§ãããåŸãã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ãéæ°ã§ããã®ã§ãæ³ç·ã®æ¹çšåŒã¯",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 196,
"tag": "p",
"text": "y â f ( a ) = â 1 f â² ( a ) ( x â a ) {\\displaystyle y-f(a)=-{\\frac {1}{f'(a)}}(x-a)}",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 197,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 198,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 199,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f â² ( a ) {\\displaystyle f'(a)} 㯠f ( x ) {\\displaystyle f(x)} ã®ç¹ ( a , f ( a ) ) {\\displaystyle (a,f(a))} ã§ã®åŸãã衚ãã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 200,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 201,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 202,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã f â² ( a ) = 0 {\\displaystyle f'(a)=0} ã§ã a {\\displaystyle a} ã®ååŸã§ f â² ( x ) {\\displaystyle f'(x)} ã®ç¬Šå·ã + {\\displaystyle +} ãã â {\\displaystyle -} ã«å€ãããªãã°ã f ( x ) {\\displaystyle f(x)} ã¯ç¹ ( a , f ( a ) ) {\\displaystyle (a,f(a))} ã§å¢å ããæžå°ã«è»¢ããããã®ãšãã® f ( a ) {\\displaystyle f(a)} ãæ¥µå€§å€(ãããã ãã¡)ãšããã ãŸãã â {\\displaystyle -} ãã + {\\displaystyle +} ã«å€ãããªãã°ã f ( x ) {\\displaystyle f(x)} ã¯ç¹ ( a , f ( a ) ) {\\displaystyle (a,f(a))} ã§æžå°ããå¢å ã«è»¢ããã®ã§ããã®ãšãã® f ( a ) {\\displaystyle f(a)} ãæ¥µå°å€(ããããããã¡)ãšããã æ¥µå€§å€ã𿥵å°å€ããŸãšããŠæ¥µå€(ãããã¡)ãšããã f â² ( a ) = 0 {\\displaystyle f'(a)=0} ã§ãã£ãŠããååŸã§ç¬Šå·ãå€ãããªããã° f ( a ) {\\displaystyle f(a)} ã¯æ¥µå€ã§ã¯ãªãã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 203,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¬¬äºæ¬¡å°é¢æ°ã®å³åœ¢çãªæå³ãèããŠã¿ãããå°é¢æ°ã¯åç¹ã§ã®æ¥ç·ã®åŸãã衚ããŠãããç¬¬äºæ¬¡å°é¢æ°ã¯å°é¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ã ãããæ¥ç·ã®åŸãã®å€åçãããªãã¡ã°ã©ãã®æ²ããå
·åã衚ããŠããããšã«ãªããç¬¬äºæ¬¡å°é¢æ°ãæ£ã®ãšãã¯åŸããå¢å ããŠããã®ã ããã°ã©ãã¯äžã«åžãè² ã®ãšãã¯äžã«åžãšãªãã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 204,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã°ã©ãã®æ²ããå
·åãå€ããç¹ã®ããšã倿²ç¹(ãžãããããŠã)ãšãããäžã®èå¯ããã倿²ç¹ã¯ç¬¬äºæ¬¡å°é¢æ°ã®ç¬Šå·ãå€ããç¹ã§ããããšãããããæ¥µå€ã®å Žåãšåæ§ã«ãããšã f â²â² ( a ) = 0 {\\displaystyle f''(a)=0} ã§ãã£ãŠãã笊å·ãå€ãããªããã°å€æ²ç¹ã§ã¯ãªãã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 205,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿°ã®ã°ã©ããæžããšãã«ã¯ã倿²ç¹ã®æ
å ±ã¯æ¥µå€ãšåæ§ã«éèŠãªã®ã§ã墿žè¡šã«ãç¬¬äºæ¬¡å°é¢æ°ã®æ¬ãã€ããã倿²ç¹ãèšå
¥ãããšããã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 206,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 207,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(ååŠãåç
§ã)",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 208,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°çŽç·äžãéåããç©äœãæå» t {\\displaystyle t} ã®ãšãäœçœ® x ( t ) {\\displaystyle x(t)} ã«ãããšããããã®ç©äœã®éåºŠãæ±ããã æå»ã t {\\displaystyle t} ãã t + h {\\displaystyle t+h} ã«ç§»åãããšããç©äœã¯ x ( t ) {\\displaystyle x(t)} ãã x ( t + h ) {\\displaystyle x(t+h)} ã®äœçœ®ã«ç§»åããããã®ãšãã®å¹³åã®é床㯠Πx Î t = x ( t + h ) â x ( t ) ( t + h ) â t = x ( t + h ) â x ( t ) h {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\Delta x}{\\Delta t}}={\\frac {x(t+h)-x(t)}{(t+h)-t}}={\\frac {x(t+h)-x(t)}{h}}} ããã§ã Î t = h {\\displaystyle \\Delta t=h} ãªã®ã§ã h {\\displaystyle h} ãéããªã 0 ã«è¿ã¥ããã°ããã®ç©äœã®ç¬éã®éåºŠãæ±ãããããæå» t {\\displaystyle t} ã®ãšãã®ç©äœã®ç¬éã®é床ã v ( t ) {\\displaystyle v(t)} ãšããã°ã v ( t ) = lim h â 0 x ( t + h ) â x ( t ) h = x â² ( t ) = d x d t {\\displaystyle v(t)=\\lim _{h\\to 0}{\\frac {x(t+h)-x(t)}{h}}=x'(t)={\\frac {dx}{dt}}} ã§ããã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 209,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ§ã«ãå é床ã«ã€ããŠããæå» t {\\displaystyle t} ã®ãšãã®ç©äœã®å é床ã a ( t ) {\\displaystyle a(t)} ãšããã°",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 210,
"tag": "p",
"text": "a ( t ) = lim Î t â 0 Î v Î t = lim Î h â 0 x â² ( t + h ) â x â² ( t ) h = x â²â² ( t ) = d 2 x d t 2 {\\displaystyle a(t)=\\lim _{\\Delta t\\to 0}{\\frac {\\Delta v}{\\Delta t}}=\\lim _{\\Delta h\\to 0}{\\frac {x'(t+h)-x'(t)}{h}}=x''(t)={\\frac {d^{2}x}{dt^{2}}}}",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 211,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ãå¹³é¢äžãéåããç©äœã«ãæ¡åŒµã§ãããæå» t {\\displaystyle t} ã®ãšãã®ç©äœã®äœçœ®ãã¯ãã«ã x â ( t ) = ( x ( t ) , y ( t ) ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {x}}(t)=(x(t),y(t))} ã§äžãããããšãããã®ç©äœã®é床ãã¯ãã« v â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {v}}} 㯠v â = lim Î t â 0 Î x â Î t = d x â d t = ( d x d t , d y d t ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {v}}=\\lim _{\\Delta t\\to 0}{\\frac {\\Delta {\\vec {x}}}{\\Delta t}}={\\frac {d{\\vec {x}}}{dt}}=\\left({\\frac {dx}{dt}},{\\frac {dy}{dt}}\\right)} ã§ãããåæ§ã«å é床ãã¯ãã« a â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {a}}} ã«ã€ããŠãã a â = ( d 2 x d t 2 , d 2 x d t 2 ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {a}}=\\left({\\frac {d^{2}x}{dt^{2}}},{\\frac {d^{2}x}{dt^{2}}}\\right)} ã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 212,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ãè§é床 Ï {\\displaystyle \\omega } ã§åç¹ãäžå¿ã«ååŸ r {\\displaystyle r} ã®åéåããç©äœã t = 0 {\\displaystyle t=0} ã§ x â ( 0 ) = ( r , 0 ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {x}}(0)=(r,0)} ã«ãããšãããã®ç©äœã®æå» t {\\displaystyle t} ã®ãšãã®äœçœ®ãã¯ãã« x â ( t ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {x}}(t)} 㯠x â ( t ) = r ( cos Ï t sin Ï t ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {x}}(t)=r\\left({\\begin{aligned}\\cos \\omega t\\\\\\sin \\omega t\\end{aligned}}\\right)} ã§ãããé床ãã¯ãã«ã¯ã v â = d x â d t = r Ï ( â sin Ï t cos Ï t ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {v}}={\\frac {d{\\vec {x}}}{dt}}=r\\omega \\left({\\begin{aligned}-\\sin \\omega t\\\\\\cos \\omega t\\end{aligned}}\\right)} ãå é床ãã¯ãã«ã¯ a â = d 2 x â d 2 t = â r Ï 2 ( cos Ï t sin Ï t ) = â Ï 2 x â ( t ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {a}}={\\frac {d^{2}{\\vec {x}}}{d^{2}t}}=-r\\omega ^{2}\\left({\\begin{aligned}\\cos \\omega t\\\\\\sin \\omega t\\end{aligned}}\\right)=-\\omega ^{2}{\\vec {x}}(t)} ããããããäœçœ®ãã¯ãã« x â ( t ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {x}}(t)} ãšé床ãã¯ãã« v â ( t ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {v}}(t)} ã¯çŽè¡ããäœçœ®ãã¯ãã« x â ( t ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {x}}(t)} ãšå é床ãã¯ãã« a â ( t ) {\\displaystyle {\\vec {a}}(t)} ã¯éåãã§ããã | v â ( t ) | = r Ï {\\displaystyle |{\\vec {v}}(t)|=r\\omega } ã | a â ( t ) | = r Ï 2 {\\displaystyle |{\\vec {a}}(t)|=r\\omega ^{2}} ãæç«ããããšãåããã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 213,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããåéåã® x {\\displaystyle x} æå ãŸã㯠y {\\displaystyle y} æåã ãã«æ³šç®ããã°ãããã¯åæ¯åã§ããã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 214,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 215,
"tag": "p",
"text": "埮åä¿æ° f â² ( a ) {\\displaystyle f'(a)} 㯠lim h â 0 f ( a + h ) â f ( a ) h = f â² ( a ) {\\displaystyle \\lim _{h\\to 0}{\\frac {f(a+h)-f(a)}{h}}=f'(a)} ãªã®ã§ã | h | {\\displaystyle |h|} ãååå°ãããšãã f ( a + b ) â f ( a ) h â f â² ( a ) {\\displaystyle {\\frac {f(a+b)-f(a)}{h}}\\fallingdotseq f'(a)} ã§ãããããªãã¡ã f ( a + h ) â f ( a ) + f â² ( a ) h {\\displaystyle f(a+h)\\fallingdotseq f(a)+f'(a)h} ãæãç«ã€ããããäžæ¬¡è¿äŒŒåŒãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 216,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã a = 0 , h = x {\\displaystyle a=0,h=x} ãšãããšã | x | {\\displaystyle |x|} ãå°ãããšã f ( x ) â f ( 0 ) + f â² ( 0 ) x {\\displaystyle f(x)\\fallingdotseq f(0)+f'(0)x} ã§ããã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 217,
"tag": "p",
"text": "g ( x ) = p x 2 + q x + r {\\displaystyle g(x)=px^{2}+qx+r} ãšããã f ( a + h ) â g ( a + h ) {\\displaystyle f(a+h)\\fallingdotseq g(a+h)} ãšèŠåãããšã«ããã f ( a + h ) â f ( a ) + f â² ( a ) h + f â²â² ( a ) 2 h 2 {\\displaystyle f(a+h)\\fallingdotseq f(a)+f'(a)h+{\\frac {f''(a)}{2}}h^{2}} ãåŸãããããããäºæ¬¡è¿äŒŒåŒãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 218,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¬¡è¿äŒŒåŒãšäºæ¬¡è¿äŒŒåŒãèŠæ¯ã¹ããšãn次è¿äŒŒåŒã¯né
ç®ãŸã§ã®æéçŽæ°ã«ãªãããšãäºæ³ã§ãããããã§ãè¿äŒŒåŒã®æ¬¡æ°ãç¡éã«å€§ããããŠãããšãè¿äŒŒå€ã§ã¯ãªãçã«æ£ç¢ºãªå€ãåŸããããéã«èšããšãçã«æ£ç¢ºãªå€ãæ±ããç¡éçŽæ°ãããé
ã§æã¡åãããšã§ãè¿äŒŒåŒãšããŠæ©èœããããã®ç¡éçŽæ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã€ã©ãŒçŽæ°ããåç
§ã",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 219,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å°é¢æ°ã®å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 220,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿° f ( x ) {\\displaystyle f(x)} 㯠[ a , b ] {\\displaystyle [a,b]} ã§é£ç¶ã ( a , b ) {\\displaystyle (a,b)} ã§åŸ®åå¯èœãšããã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 221,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f ( a ) = f ( b ) {\\displaystyle f(a)=f(b)} ãªãã° f â² ( c ) = 0 {\\displaystyle f'(c)=0} ãšãªãç¹ a < c < b {\\displaystyle a<c<b} ãååšããã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 222,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 223,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿° f ( x ) {\\displaystyle f(x)} ã«ã¯æå€§å€ãŸãã¯æå°å€ã a < x < b {\\displaystyle a<x<b} ã®ç¯å²ã«äžã€ä»¥äžååšãããæå€§å€ãŸãã¯æå°å€ã§ã¯é¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ã¯ 0 ãªã®ã§ããã®ç¹ãéžã³ c {\\displaystyle c} ãšãããšã f â² ( c ) = 0 {\\displaystyle f'(c)=0} ãšãªãã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 224,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 225,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿° f ( x ) {\\displaystyle f(x)} 㯠[ a , b ] {\\displaystyle [a,b]} ã§é£ç¶ã ( a , b ) {\\displaystyle (a,b)} ã§åŸ®åå¯èœãšããããã®ãšãã f ( b ) â f ( a ) b â a = f â² ( c ) {\\displaystyle {\\frac {f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}}=f'(c)} ãšãªã a < c < b {\\displaystyle a<c<b} ãååšããã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 226,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 227,
"tag": "p",
"text": "g ( x ) = f ( x ) â A x {\\displaystyle g(x)=f(x)-Ax} ãšããã宿° A {\\displaystyle A} ã g ( a ) = g ( b ) {\\displaystyle g(a)=g(b)} ãæºããããã«å®ããã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 228,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠã f ( a ) â A a = f ( b ) â A b {\\displaystyle f(a)-Aa=f(b)-Ab} ããã A = f ( b ) â f ( a ) b â a {\\displaystyle A={\\frac {f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}}} ã§ããã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 229,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã颿° g ( x ) {\\displaystyle g(x)} ã«å¯ŸããŠããã«ã®å®çãçšããããšã«ããã g â² ( c ) = 0 {\\displaystyle g'(c)=0} ãšãªã a < c < b {\\displaystyle a<c<b} ãååšããã g â² ( x ) = f â² ( x ) â A {\\displaystyle g'(x)=f'(x)-A} ã§ããããã f â² ( c ) = A = f ( b ) â f ( a ) b â a {\\displaystyle f'(c)=A={\\frac {f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}}} ãšãªã a < c < b {\\displaystyle a<c<b} ãååšããããšããããã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 230,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 231,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿° f ( x ) , g ( x ) {\\displaystyle f(x),g(x)} 㯠[ a , b ] {\\displaystyle [a,b]} ã§é£ç¶ã ( a , b ) {\\displaystyle (a,b)} ã§åŸ®åå¯èœãšããããã®ãšãã { g ( b ) â g ( a ) } f â² ( c ) = { f ( b ) â f ( a ) } g â² ( c ) {\\displaystyle \\{g(b)-g(a)\\}f'(c)=\\{f(b)-f(a)\\}g'(c)} ãšãªã c â ( a , b ) {\\displaystyle c\\in (a,b)} ãååšãããããã«ã g â² ( c ) â 0 , g ( a ) â g ( b ) {\\displaystyle g'(c)\\neq 0,\\,g(a)\\neq g(b)} ãšããã°ã f ( b ) â f ( a ) g ( b ) â g ( a ) = f â² ( c ) g â² ( c ) {\\displaystyle {\\frac {f(b)-f(a)}{g(b)-g(a)}}={\\frac {f'(c)}{g'(c)}}} ãšãªã c â ( a , b ) {\\displaystyle c\\in (a,b)} ãååšããã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 232,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 233,
"tag": "p",
"text": "h ( t ) = { f ( b ) â f ( a ) } g ( t ) â { g ( b ) â g ( a ) } f ( t ) {\\displaystyle h(t)=\\{f(b)-f(a)\\}g(t)-\\{g(b)-g(a)\\}f(t)} ãšãããããã§ã h ( t ) {\\displaystyle h(t)} 㯠[ a , b ] {\\displaystyle [a,b]} ã§é£ç¶ã ( a , b ) {\\displaystyle (a,b)} ã§åŸ®åå¯èœã h ( a ) = h ( b ) {\\displaystyle h(a)=h(b)} ãªã®ã§ããã«ã®å®çããã h â² ( c ) = 0 {\\displaystyle h'(c)=0} ãšãªã c â ( a , b ) {\\displaystyle c\\in (a,b)} ãååšããã h â² ( c ) = 0 {\\displaystyle h'(c)=0} ãå€åœ¢ã㊠{ g ( b ) â g ( a ) } f â² ( c ) = { f ( b ) â f ( a ) } g â² ( c ) {\\displaystyle \\{g(b)-g(a)\\}f'(c)=\\{f(b)-f(a)\\}g'(c)} ãåŸããããã«ã g â² ( c ) â 0 , g ( a ) â g ( b ) {\\displaystyle g'(c)\\neq 0,\\,g(a)\\neq g(b)} ãªãã°ã f ( b ) â f ( a ) g ( b ) â g ( a ) = f â² ( c ) g â² ( c ) {\\displaystyle {\\frac {f(b)-f(a)}{g(b)-g(a)}}={\\frac {f'(c)}{g'(c)}}} ã§ããã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 234,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 235,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f ( x ) {\\displaystyle f(x)} ãåºé I {\\displaystyle I} ã§ n {\\displaystyle n} å埮åå¯èœãªé¢æ°ãšãããä»»æã® a , x â I {\\displaystyle a,x\\in I} ã«å¯ŸããŠã Ο {\\displaystyle \\xi } ã a , x {\\displaystyle a,x} ã®äžéã«ååšããŠã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 236,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f ( x ) = f ( a ) + f â² ( a ) 1 ! ( x â a ) + f â²â² ( a ) 2 ! ( x â a ) 2 + ⯠+ f ( n â 1 ) ( a ) ( n â 1 ) ! ( x â a ) n â 1 + f ( n ) ( Ο ) n ! ( x â a ) n . {\\displaystyle f(x)=f(a)+{\\frac {f'(a)}{1!}}(x-a)+{\\frac {f''(a)}{2!}}(x-a)^{2}+\\cdots +{\\frac {f^{(n-1)}(a)}{(n-1)!}}(x-a)^{n-1}+{\\frac {f^{(n)}(\\xi )}{n!}}(x-a)^{n}.}",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 237,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 238,
"tag": "p",
"text": "F ( x ) = f ( x ) â [ f ( a ) + f â² ( a ) 1 ! ( x â a ) + f â²â² ( a ) 2 ! ( x â a ) 2 + ⯠+ f ( n â 1 ) ( a ) ( n â 1 ) ! ( x â a ) n â 1 ] {\\displaystyle F(x)=f(x)-\\left[f(a)+{\\frac {f'(a)}{1!}}(x-a)+{\\frac {f''(a)}{2!}}(x-a)^{2}+\\cdots +{\\frac {f^{(n-1)}(a)}{(n-1)!}}(x-a)^{n-1}\\right]} ãšããã F ( x ) {\\displaystyle F(x)} ãšé¢æ° ( x â a ) n {\\displaystyle (x-a)^{n}} ã«å¯ŸããŠãã³ãŒã·ãŒã®å¹³åå€ã®å®çãé©çšãããšã F ( a ) = 0 {\\displaystyle F(a)=0} ããã F ( x ) ( x â a ) n = F ( x ) â F ( a ) ( x â a ) n â ( a â a ) n = F â² ( x 1 ) n ( x 1 â a ) n â 1 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {F(x)}{(x-a)^{n}}}={\\frac {F(x)-F(a)}{(x-a)^{n}-(a-a)^{n}}}={\\frac {F'(x_{1})}{n(x_{1}-a)^{n-1}}}} ãšãªã x 1 {\\displaystyle x_{1}} ã a , x {\\displaystyle a,x} ã®äžéã«ååšããã F â² ( a ) = F â²â² ( a ) = ⯠= F ( n â 1 ) ( a ) = 0 {\\displaystyle F'(a)=F''(a)=\\cdots =F^{(n-1)}(a)=0} ã§ãããããå³èŸºã«ãåæ§ã«ã³ãŒã·ãŒã®å¹³åå€ã®å®çãé©çšããããšã§ã F ( x ) ( x â a ) n = F â² ( x 1 ) n ( x 1 â a ) n â 1 = F â²â² ( x 2 ) n ( n â 1 ) ( x 2 â a ) n â 2 = ⯠= F ( n ) ( Ο ) n ! {\\displaystyle {\\frac {F(x)}{(x-a)^{n}}}={\\frac {F'(x_{1})}{n(x_{1}-a)^{n-1}}}={\\frac {F''(x_{2})}{n(n-1)(x_{2}-a)^{n-2}}}=\\cdots ={\\frac {F^{(n)}(\\xi )}{n!}}} ãšãªã x 1 , x 2 , ⯠, Ο {\\displaystyle x_{1},x_{2},\\cdots ,\\xi } ã a , x {\\displaystyle a,x} ã®äžéã«ååšããã F ( n ) ( x ) = f ( n ) ( x ) {\\displaystyle F^{(n)}(x)=f^{(n)}(x)} ã ããã F ( x ) = f ( n ) ( Ο ) n ! ( x â a ) n {\\displaystyle F(x)={\\frac {f^{(n)}(\\xi )}{n!}}(x-a)^{n}} ãåŸãã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 239,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颿° g ( x ) {\\displaystyle g(x)} ã«å¯ŸããŠã lim x â a f ( x ) g ( x ) = 0 {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\to a}{\\frac {f(x)}{g(x)}}=0} ãšãªããããªé¢æ° f ( x ) {\\displaystyle f(x)} ãäžè¬ã« o g {\\displaystyle og} ãšè¡šãã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 240,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã©ã³ããŠèšå·ã«ã€ããŠæ¬¡ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 241,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã©ã³ããŠã®èšå·ã¯äžè¬ã«ã¯éã颿°ãåãèšå·ã§è¡šããŠããã®ã§æ³šæãå¿
èŠã§ãããäŸãã° 1. ã¯ä»»æã® f = o h , g = o h {\\displaystyle f=oh,\\,g=oh} ã§ãã颿°ã«ã€ããŠã lim x â a f + g h = 0 {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\to a}{\\frac {f+g}{h}}=0} ãšããæå³ã§ããã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 242,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2. 㯠f = o h {\\displaystyle f=oh} ãšãããšã k f h â 0. {\\displaystyle {\\frac {kf}{h}}\\to 0.} 3. 㯠f g â 0 , g h â 0 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {f}{g}}\\to 0,\\,{\\frac {g}{h}}\\to 0} ãªãã°ã f h = f g g h â 0 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {f}{h}}={\\frac {f}{g}}{\\frac {g}{h}}\\to 0} ãšãªãããã f = o h . {\\displaystyle f=oh.}",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 243,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã©ã³ããŠã®èšå·ã«ã€ããŠã x {\\displaystyle x} ãã©ãã«è¿ã¥ãããšãã( x â a {\\displaystyle x\\to a} )ãšããããšã¯éèŠã ããæèããæãããªå Žåã¯çç¥ãããã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 244,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ã©ãŒã®å®çã«ãããå³èŸºæåŸã®é
ãå°äœé
ãšãããããã R n {\\displaystyle R_{n}} ãšæžãã f ( n ) ( x ) {\\displaystyle f^{(n)}(x)} ã x = a {\\displaystyle x=a} ã§é£ç¶ãªãã°ã lim x â a R n ( x â a ) n = lim Ο â a f ( n ) ( Ο ) n ! = f ( n ) ( a ) n ! . {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\to a}{\\frac {R_{n}}{(x-a)^{n}}}=\\lim _{\\xi \\to a}{\\frac {f^{(n)}(\\xi )}{n!}}={\\frac {f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}}.}",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 245,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ã lim x â a R n â f ( n ) ( a ) n ! ( x â a ) n ( x â a ) n = 0 {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\to a}{\\frac {R_{n}-{\\frac {f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}}(x-a)^{n}}{(x-a)^{n}}}=0} ãšæžããããã R n = f ( n ) ( a ) n ! ( x â a ) n + o ( x â a ) n . {\\displaystyle R_{n}={\\frac {f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}}(x-a)^{n}+o{(x-a)^{n}}.}",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 246,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªãã¡ã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 247,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f ( x ) = f ( a ) + f â² ( a ) 1 ! ( x â a ) + f â²â² ( a ) 2 ! ( x â a ) 2 + ⯠+ f ( n ) ( a ) n ! ( x â a ) n + o ( x â a ) n {\\displaystyle f(x)=f(a)+{\\frac {f'(a)}{1!}}(x-a)+{\\frac {f''(a)}{2!}}(x-a)^{2}+\\cdots +{\\frac {f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}}(x-a)^{n}+o(x-a)^{n}}",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 248,
"tag": "p",
"text": "挞è¿å±éãçšãããšæ¥µéã®åé¡ãç°¡åã«è§£ãããšãåºæ¥ããäŸãã°ã lim x â 0 e x â e â x x = lim x â 0 ( 1 + x + o x ) â ( 1 â x + o x ) x = lim x â 0 2 + o x x = 2. {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\to 0}{\\frac {e^{x}-e^{-x}}{x}}=\\lim _{x\\to 0}{\\frac {(1+x+ox)-(1-x+ox)}{x}}=\\lim _{x\\to 0}2+{\\frac {ox}{x}}=2.}",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 249,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸ",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 250,
"tag": "p",
"text": "α {\\displaystyle \\alpha } ã宿°ãšããã f ( x ) = ( 1 + x ) α {\\displaystyle f(x)=(1+x)^{\\alpha }} ã«ã€ããŠã f ( n ) ( 0 ) = α ( α â 1 ) ⯠( α â n + 1 ) {\\displaystyle f^{(n)}(0)=\\alpha (\\alpha -1)\\cdots (\\alpha -n+1)} ãªã®ã§ã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 251,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( 1 + x ) α = â k = 0 n ( α k ) x k + o x n {\\displaystyle (1+x)^{\\alpha }=\\sum _{k=0}^{n}{\\binom {\\alpha }{k}}x^{k}+ox^{n}}",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 252,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã ãã ( α k ) = α ( α â 1 ) ⯠( α â k + 1 ) k ! , ( α 0 ) = 1 {\\displaystyle {\\binom {\\alpha }{k}}={\\frac {\\alpha (\\alpha -1)\\cdots (\\alpha -k+1)}{k!}},\\,{\\binom {\\alpha }{0}}=1} ã¯äžè¬äºé
ä¿æ°ã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 253,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 254,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1 + x = 1 + 1 2 x + o x {\\displaystyle {\\sqrt {1+x}}=1+{\\frac {1}{2}}x+ox}",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 255,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1 1 + x = 1 â 1 2 x + o x {\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{\\sqrt {1+x}}}=1-{\\frac {1}{2}}x+ox}",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 256,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã©ããããã¯è¿äŒŒå
¬åŒãšããŠããã䜿ãããã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 257,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ã©ãŒã®å®çã«ãããŠã颿° f ( x ) {\\displaystyle f(x)} ãåºé I {\\displaystyle I} ã§ç¡éå埮åå¯èœ(ä»»æã®æ¬¡æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ãååšããããš)ã§å°äœé
ã lim n â â R n = 0 {\\displaystyle \\lim _{n\\to \\infty }R_{n}=0} ãªãã°ã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 258,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f ( x ) = â n = 0 â f ( n ) ( a ) n ! ( x â a ) n . {\\displaystyle f(x)=\\sum _{n=0}^{\\infty }{\\frac {f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}}(x-a)^{n}.}",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 259,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããã€ã©ãŒçŽæ°ãšãããç¹ã« a = 0 {\\displaystyle a=0} ã®ãã®ããã¯ããŒãªã³çŽæ°ãšããã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 260,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã€ãã®é¢æ°ã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éãæ±ãããã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 261,
"tag": "p",
"text": "f ( x ) = e x {\\displaystyle f(x)=e^{x}} ãšãããšã f ( n ) ( x ) = e x , f ( n ) ( 0 ) = 1 {\\displaystyle f^{(n)}(x)=e^{x},f^{(n)}(0)=1} ã§ã | R n | = | e Ο n ! x n | < e | x | n ! | x | n {\\displaystyle |R_{n}|=\\left|{\\frac {e^{\\xi }}{n!}}x^{n}\\right|<{\\frac {e^{|x|}}{n!}}|x|^{n}} ãããä»»æã® x {\\displaystyle x} ã«å¯ŸããŠã lim n â â R n = 0 {\\displaystyle \\lim _{n\\to \\infty }R_{n}=0} ãšãªããããªãã¡ã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 262,
"tag": "p",
"text": "e x = â n = 0 â 1 n ! x n . {\\displaystyle e^{x}=\\sum _{n=0}^{\\infty }{\\frac {1}{n!}}x^{n}.}",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 263,
"tag": "p",
"text": "sin x , cos x {\\displaystyle \\sin x,\\cos x} ã«ã€ããŠãåãããã«èšç®ããŠã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 264,
"tag": "p",
"text": "sin x = â n = 0 â ( â 1 ) n ( 2 n + 1 ) ! x 2 n + 1 , cos x = â n = 0 â ( â 1 ) n ( 2 n ) ! x 2 n {\\displaystyle \\sin x=\\sum _{n=0}^{\\infty }{\\frac {(-1)^{n}}{(2n+1)!}}x^{2n+1},\\,\\cos x=\\sum _{n=0}^{\\infty }{\\frac {(-1)^{n}}{(2n)!}}x^{2n}}",
"title": "åèäºé
"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 265,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãã",
"title": "åèäºé
"
}
] | ããã§ã¯ã埮åã»ç©åã®èãã§åŠãã 埮åã®æ§è³ªã«ã€ããŠãã詳ããæ±ããç¹ã«ã颿°ã®åãå·®ãç©ãåãæŽã«åæé¢æ°ããé颿°ã®å°é¢æ°ã«ã€ããŠè©³ããæ±ãããŸããäžè§é¢æ°ãªã©ã®è€éãªé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠãããã§ãŸãšããã | {{pathnav|é«çåŠæ ¡ã®åŠç¿|é«çåŠæ ¡æ°åŠ|é«çåŠæ ¡æ°åŠIII|pagename=åŸ®åæ³|frame=1|small=1}}
ããã§ã¯ã[[é«çåŠæ ¡æ°åŠII/埮åã»ç©åã®èã|埮åã»ç©åã®èã]]ã§åŠãã 埮åã®æ§è³ªã«ã€ããŠãã詳ããæ±ããç¹ã«ã颿°ã®åãå·®ãç©ãåãæŽã«åæé¢æ°ããé颿°ã®å°é¢æ°ã«ã€ããŠè©³ããæ±ãããŸããäžè§é¢æ°ãªã©ã®è€éãªé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠãããã§ãŸãšããã
== æ§ã
ãªå°é¢æ° ==
=== 颿°ã®å°é¢æ° ===
颿°<math>f(x)</math>ãä»»æã®ç¹''x''ã§æ¥µéå€
:<math>
f'(x) := \lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}
</math>
ãæã€ãšãã颿°<math>f(x)</math>ã¯'''埮åå¯èœ'''ãšèšãã颿°'' f' '' ãã颿°''f''ã®'''å°é¢æ°'''ãšåŒã¶ã
==== 埮åå¯èœãªé¢æ°ã¯é£ç¶é¢æ°====
颿°<math>f(x)</math>ã埮åå¯èœãªãã°ãé£ç¶é¢æ°ã§ããã
ïŒèšŒæïŒ
''f''ã埮åå¯èœãšãããšã
:<math>
\lim_{h\to 0}(f(x+h)-f(x)) = \lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}h =\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}\lim_{h\to 0}h = f'(x)\times 0 = 0
</math>
ãªã®ã§ã''f''ã¯é£ç¶ã§ããã
ããã§ã¯ã颿°ã®åãå·®ãç©ãåã®åŸ®åã«ã€ããŠæ±ãããããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ä»¥éã®èšç®ã§åžžã«çšããããå
容ã§ããã®ã§ãååã«ç¿çããŠããå¿
èŠãããã
=== åã»å·®ã®å°é¢æ° ===
f,gã埮åå¯èœãªé¢æ°ãšããããã®ãšããfãšgã®åã«ã€ããŠæ¬¡ãæãç«ã€ã
:<math>
\{f(x) \pm g(x)\}' = f'(x) \pm g'(x)
</math>
ããã¯ã颿°ã®åã埮åããŠåŸãããå°é¢æ°ã¯ãããããã®é¢æ°ã®åãè¶³ãåããããã®ã«çããããšã衚ããŠããã
å°åº
{|
|-
|<math>\{f(x) \pm g(x) \}'</math>
|<math>=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac {f(x+h) \pm g (x+h) - (f(x) \pm g (x))} h</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac {f(x+h) - f(x) \pm g (x+h) \mp g (x)} h</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac {f(x+h) - f(x)} h \pm \frac { g (x+h) - g (x)} h</math>
|-
|
|<math>= f'(x) \pm g'(x)</math>
|}
=== 宿°åã®å°é¢æ° ===
次ã«ã颿°ã®å®æ°åã®å°é¢æ°ã«ã€ããŠèããã颿°ã®å®æ°åããããã®ã埮åãããã®ã¯ã宿°åããåã®é¢æ°ã«å¯Ÿããå°é¢æ°ã宿°åãããã®ã«ãªããå
·äœçã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®åŒãæãç«ã€ã<math>
(af)' = af'
</math>
(aã¯å®æ°)
å°åº
{|
|-
|<math>(af)'</math>
|<math>=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac {af(x+h) - af(x) } h</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} a \frac {f(x+h) - f(x) } h</math>
|-
|
|<math>=a \lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac {f(x+h) - f(x) } h</math>
|-
|
|<math>=af'</math>
|}
=== ç©ã®å°é¢æ° ===
ç©ã«é¢ããŠã¯ãåã宿°åãšæ¯ã¹ãŠèšç®çµæãããè€éã«ãªããå
·äœçã«ã¯æ¬¡ãæãç«ã€ã
:<math>
(fg)' = f'g + fg'
</math>
ããã¯ãããããã®é¢æ°ã®åŸ®åãšãã以å€ã®é¢æ°ãšã®ç©ãåŸããããšããããšã衚ããŠãããããã¯å°åºãèŠãªããšãªããããªãããããããªãããç¥ããªãããããå°åºãæ€èšããããšãéèŠã§ããã
å°åº
{|
|-
|<math>\{f(x) g(x)\}'</math>
|<math>=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac {f(x+h) g (x+h) - (f(x) g (x))} h</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac {f(x+h) g (x+h) -f(x+h) g (x) + f(x+h) g (x) - f(x) g (x)} h</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac {f(x+h) (g (x+h) - g (x)) + g (x) (f(x+h)
- f(x))} h</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac {f(x+h) (g (x+h) - g (x))} h + \frac {g (x) (f(x+h)- f(x))} h</math>
|}
ããã§ã<math>\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} f(x+h) =f(x)</math>ã«æ³šæãããšã
{|
|-
|<math>( f g)'</math>
|<math>= f'g + fg'</math>
|}
=== 环ä¹ã®å°é¢æ° I ===
æ°åŠâ
¡ã§ç¿ã£ãããã«ãnãèªç¶æ°ãšãããšãã
:<math>
\frac{d}{dx}x^n = nx^{n-1}
</math>
ã§ããã
ããã§ã¯ãæ°åŠâ
¡ã§ã¯æ±ããªãã£ãäžåŒã®å°åºãè¡ãã
ïŒå°åºãã®1ïŒ
:<math>
\frac{d}{dx}x^n =\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{(x+h)^n-x^n}{h} \qquad (1)
</math>
ããã§ãäºé
å®çã«ãã
:<math>
(x+h)^n = \sum_{k=0}^{n} {}_{n}C_{k}x^{n-k}h^k
</math>
ãã ã
:<math>
{}_{n}C_{k} := \frac{n!}{(n-k)!k!} \qquad
0! := 1
</math>
ãªã®ã§ã
:<math>
(x+h)^n = x^n + nx^{n-1}h + \sum_{k=2}^{n} {}_{n}C_{k}x^{n-k}h^k
</math>
ãã®åŒããåŒïŒïŒïŒã®å³èŸºã«ä»£å
¥ãããš
:<math>\frac{d}{dx}x^n = \lim_{h\to 0}\left(nx^{n-1} + \sum_{k=2}^{n} {}_{n}C_{k}x^{n-k}h^{k-1}\right) = nx^{n-1} </math>
ã§ããã
ïŒå°åºãã®2ïŒ
:<Math>
(x^n)' = n x^{n-1}
</Math>ãâ ãšããã
:
[1] <Math>n = 1</Math>ã®ãšã
巊蟺ã¯
:<Math>( x ^ 1 )' = 1</Math>
ã§ãããå³èŸºã¯
:<Math>1 \cdot x^0 = 1</Math>
ãªã®ã§ã<Math>n=1</Math>ã®ãšãâ ã¯æãç«ã€ã
:
[2] <Math>n=k</Math>ã®ãšã<Math>(x^k)' = k x^{k-1}</Math>ãæãç«ã€ãšä»®å®ããã
<Math>n=k+1</Math>ã®ãšããç©ã®å°é¢æ°ã®åŒãã
:<Math>( x^{k+1} )' = (x^k \cdot x)' = (x^k)' \cdot x + x^k \cdot (x)' = (kx^{k-1}) \cdot x + x^k \cdot 1 = kx^k + x^k = (k+1)x^k</Math>
ãã£ãŠã<Math>n=k+1</Math>ã®ãšããâ ãæãç«ã€ã
[1] [2]ããããã¹ãŠã®èªç¶æ°<Math>n</Math>ã«ã€ããŠâ ãæãç«ã€ã
<span id="åã®å°é¢æ°"></span>
=== åã®å°é¢æ° ===
åã®å°é¢æ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯æ¬¡åŒãæãç«ã€ã
:<math>
\left( \frac 1 f\right)' = - \frac {f ' } { (f)^2 }
</math>
ãã®åŒã«ã€ããŠããããå°åºãæ€èšããããšãå¿
èŠã§ããã
å°åº
{|
|-
|<math>\left( \frac 1 f\right)'</math>
|<math>=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac { \frac{1}{f(x+h)} - \frac{1}{f(x)} } h</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac {\frac {f(x)-f(x+h)}{f(x+h)f(x)} } h</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac 1 { f(x+h)f(x)} \frac {f(x)-f(x+h)}{h}</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} -\frac 1 { f(x+h)f(x)} \frac {f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}</math>
|-
|
|<math> = - \frac {f'} {(f)^2}</math>
|}
ãŸããåã®å°é¢æ°ã®åŒãšãç©ã®å°é¢æ°ã®åŒãããæ¬¡ã®å
¬åŒãå°ãããã
:<math>\left( \frac g f\right)' = \frac {g'f - gf' } {(f)^2}</math>
ãã®åŒã¯ãç©ã®åŒãšåã®åŒããçŽæ¥åŸãåŒã ããããçŸãã圢ã§ããã®ã§ãèŠããŠãããšäŸ¿å©ãªããšãããã
å°åº
{|
|-
|<math>\left( \frac g f\right)'</math>
|<math>=\left( g \frac 1 f\right)'</math>
|-
|
|<math>= g' \frac{1}{f} + g \left( \frac 1 f\right)'</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \frac{g'}{f} - g \frac{f'}{f^2}</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \frac{g'f}{f^2} - \frac{gf'}{f^2}</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \frac {g'f - gf' } {(f)^2}</math>
|}
=== 环ä¹ã®å°é¢æ° â
¡ ===
<Math>x^a</Math>ã®ææ°ãèªç¶æ°<Math>n</Math>ã§ãããšãã<Math>(x^n)' = n x^{n-1}</Math>ã§ããã®ã¯æ¢ã«èšŒæããã
ããã§ã¯ãææ°ãæŽæ°ã®å Žåãèããã
[1] <Math>m</Math>ãè² ã®æŽæ°ã®ãšã<Math>n=-m</Math>ãšããã
ãã®ãšã<Math>n</Math>ã¯æ£ã®æŽæ°ã§ãåã®å°é¢æ°ã®åŒãã
:<Math>(x^m)' = (x^{-n})' = (\frac{1}{x^n})' = -\frac{(x^n)'}{(x^n)^2} = -\frac{nx^{n-1}}{x^{2n}} = -nx^{n-2n-1} = -nx^{-n-1} = mx^{m-1}</Math>
ãæãç«ã€ã
:
[2] <Math>m=0</Math>ã®ãšãã
:<Math>(x^m)' = (1)' = 0, mx^{m-1} = 0</Math>
ãªã®ã§
:<Math>(x^m)' = mx^{m-1}</Math>
ãæãç«ã€ã
ãã£ãŠãæŽæ°<Math>m</Math>ã«ã€ããŠ<Math>(x^m)' = mx^{m-1}</Math>ãæãç«ã€ã
=== åæé¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ° ===
åæé¢æ°ãšã¯ã2ã€ã®é¢æ°<math>f,g</math>ãçšããŠã<math>h(x) = f(g(x))</math>ãšããåœ¢ã§æžãããšãã§ãã颿°ã®ããšã§ãããåæé¢æ°ã¯ãäžãããã倿°ã«å¯Ÿãã颿°ãšèŠãããšãã§ããå°é¢æ°ãåãããšãå¯èœã§ãããå
·äœçã«ã¯ã
:<math>
( f(g(x)) )'= f'(g(x)) g'(x)
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ã
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{|
|-
|<math>(f(g(x)))'</math>
|<math>= \lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac {f(g(x+h)) - f(g(x))}{h}</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac {f(g(x+h)) - f(g(x))}{g(x+h) -g(x)}\cdot \frac {g(x+h) -g(x)}{h}</math>
|-
|
|<math>g(x+h) - g(x) = u, g(x) = j</math>ãšãããšã<math>g(x+h) = u + j</math>ã<math>x\rightarrow 0</math>ã®ãšã<math>u \rightarrow 0</math>ãªã®ã§ã
|-
|
| <math>= \lim_{u\rightarrow 0} \frac {f(u+j) - f(j)}{u}\cdot \lim_{h\rightarrow 0}\frac {g(x+h) -g(x)}{h}</math>
|-
|<math>= f'(g(x)) g'(x)</math>
|}
ãšãªãã
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;äŸ
<math>f(x) = \sqrt x</math>ã<math>g(x) = x^2 + x + 1</math>ãšããããã®åæé¢æ°ã¯ã<math>f(g(x)) = \sqrt{x^2 + x + 1}</math>ã§ããã
ãã®åæé¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ãæ±ããŠã¿ããã
<math>f'(x) = \frac{1}{2 \sqrt x}</math>
<math>g'(x) = 2x + 1</math>
ãªã®ã§ã<math>{f(g(x))}' = f'(g(x))g'(x) = \frac{2x+1}{2 \sqrt{x^2 + x + 1}}</math>
ã§ããã
â»é¢æ°<math>f,g</math>ã®åæé¢æ°ã<math>(f \circ g)(x) = f(g(x))</math>ãšæžãããšãããã
åæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åã¯ã©ã€ããããã®èšæ³ãçšããŠã<math>y = f(u),u = g(x)</math>ã®ãšãã<math>\frac{dy}{dx} = f(g(x))'</math>ã<math>f'(u) = \frac{dy}{du}</math>ã<math>g'(x) = \frac{du}{dx}</math>ãªã®ã§ã
:<math>\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dy}{du} \frac{du}{dx}</math>
ãšæžãããšãã§ããã
ãŸãã以äžã®å
¬åŒãæãç«ã€ã
:<Math>\frac{d}{dx} f(ax+b) = af'(ax+b)</Math>
:<Math>\frac{d}{dx} \{ g(x) \}^n = n \{ g(x) \}^{n-1} g'(x)</Math>
=== é颿°ã®å°é¢æ° ===
<math>( f^{-1}(y) )' = \frac{1}{( f(x) )'}</math>
å°åº
<math>y=f(x)</math>ãšçœ®ããšã<math>x=f^{-1}(y)</math>ã§ã
<math>y \to y_0</math>ã®ãšã<math>x \to x_0</math>ã§ããããã
{|
|-
|<math>( f^{-1}(y) )'</math>
|<math>= \lim_{y \to y_0} \frac{ f^{-1}(y) - f^{-1}(y_0) }{ y - y_0 }</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \lim_{x \to x_0} \frac{ x - x_0 }{ f(x) - f(x_0) }</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \lim_{x \to x_0} \frac{1}{ \frac{f(x) - f(x_0) }{x - x_0} }</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \frac{1}{( f(x) )'}</math>
|}
ãŸãã
{|
|-
|<math>( f(x) )'</math>
|<math>= \lim_{x \to x_0} \frac{ f(x) - f(x_0) }{ x - x_0 }</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \lim_{y \to y_0} \frac{ y - y_0 }{ f^{-1}(y) - f^{-1}(y_0) }</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \lim_{y \to y_0} \frac{1}{ \frac{f^{-1}(y) - f^{-1}(y_0) }{y - y_0} }</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \frac{1}{( f^{-1}(y) )'}</math>
|}
=== åªä¹ã®å°é¢æ° â
===
<Math>x^a</Math>ã®ææ°ãæŽæ°<Math>m</Math>ã®ãšãã<Math>(x^m)' = mx^{m-1}</Math>ãæãç«ã€ã®ã¯æ¢ã«èšŒæããã
次ã¯ã<Math>x>0</Math>ãšããŠææ°ãæçæ°ã®ãšããèããã
ãªããææ°ãæŽæ°ã§ããå Žåãã环ä¹ããšåŒã¶ã®ã«å¯Ÿããææ°ãæçæ°ïŒå®æ°ïŒã§ããå Žåãã'''åªä¹'''ïŒã¹ããããïŒããšåŒã¶ãæçæ°ã¯æŽæ°ãå«ãã®ã§ã环ä¹ã¯åªä¹ã®ç¹å¥ãªå Žåãæãã
[1] <Math>n</Math>ãèªç¶æ°ãšãããšã<Math>y=x^{\frac{1}{n}}</Math>ã®ãšãã<Math>x=y^n</Math>ãæãç«ã€ã®ã§ãé颿°ã®å°é¢æ°ã®åŒãã
:<Math>\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{\frac{dx}{dy}} = \frac{1}{ny^{n-1}} = \frac{1}{n} \cdot \frac{1}{(x^{\frac{1}{n}})^{n-1} } = \frac{1}{n} x^{\frac{1}{n} - 1}</Math>
[2] <Math>m</Math>ãæŽæ°ãšãããšãæçæ°<Math>p</Math>ã«ã€ããŠ
:<Math>p=\frac{m}{n}</Math>
ããã
:<Math>x^p = x^{\frac{m}{n}} = (x^{\frac{1}{n}})^m</Math>
ãªã®ã§ã[1]ãšåæé¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ã®åŒãã
:<Math>\frac{d}{dx} x^p = \frac{d}{dx} (x^{\frac{1}{n}})^m = m(x^{\frac{1}{n}})^{m-1} \cdot (x^{\frac{1}{n}})' = mx^{\frac{m}{n} - \frac{1}{n}} \cdot \frac{1}{n} x^{\frac{1}{n}-1} = \frac{m}{n} x^{\frac{m}{n} - 1} = px^{p-1}</Math>
ãæãç«ã€ã
ãã£ãŠãæçæ°<Math>p</Math>ã«ã€ããŠ<Math>(x^p)' = px^{p-1}</Math>ãæãç«ã€ã
=== äžè§é¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ° ===
*<math>(\sin x )' = \cos x</math>
*<math>(\cos x )' = -\sin x</math>
*<math>(\tan x )' = \frac {1}{\cos^2 x}</math>
ãšãªãã
å°åº
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*<math>\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac {\sin (\frac{h}{2})} {(\frac{h}{2})} = 1</math>
*å æ³å®ç<math>\sin(a+b)= \sin a \cos b + \cos a \sin b</math>ãš<math>\sin(a-b)= \sin a \cos b - \cos a \sin b</math>ãã<math>\sin(a+b)-\sin(a-b)=2\cos a\sin b \qquad(\mathrm{where} \quad a=x+h/2,b=h/2)</math>
ã«æ³šæãããšã
{|
|-
|<math>(\sin x )'</math>
|<math>=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac {\sin(x+h) - \sin (x) } h</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac {2\cos (x+ \frac{h}{2}) \sin (\frac{h}{2}) } h</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \cos(x+ \frac{h}{2}) \frac {\sin (\frac{h}{2})} {\frac{h}{2}}</math>
|-
|
|<math> = \cos x</math>
|}
ãšãªããçµæãåŸãããã
{|
|-
|<math>(\cos x )'</math>
|<math>= \left\{ \sin\left(x + \frac{\pi}{2}\right) \right\}'</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \cos\left(x + \frac{\pi}{2}\right)*\left(x + \frac{\pi}{2}\right)'</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \cos\left(x + \frac{\pi}{2}\right)</math>
|-
|
|<math>= - \sin x</math>
|}
<math> \tan x</math>ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã
{|
|-
|<math>(\tan x )'</math>
|<math>= \left(\frac {\sin x}{\cos x} \right)'</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \frac {\cos x \cos x - \sin x ( - \sin x ) }{\cos ^2 x}</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \frac {\sin ^2 x + \cos ^2 x }{\cos ^2 x}</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \frac {1}{\cos ^2 x} ( = \sec^2 x)</math>
|}
:ãªãã<math> \frac{1}{\tan x} \left( = \cot x \right)</math>ã«ã€ããŠã
:{|
|-
|<math>\left( \frac{1}{\tan x} \right)'</math>
|<math>= \left(\frac {\cos x}{\sin x} \right)'</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \frac { \sin x ( - \sin x ) -\cos x \cos x}{\sin ^2 x}</math>
|-
|
|<math>= - \frac {\sin ^2 x + \cos ^2 x }{\sin ^2 x}</math>
|-
|
|<math>= - \frac {1}{\sin ^2 x} </math>
|}
=== 察æ°é¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ° ===
{|
|-
|<math>(\log _a x)'</math>
|<math>= \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\log _a (x+h) - \log _a x}{h}</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\log _a \frac{x+h}{x} }{h}</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\log _a \left( 1+ \frac{h}{x} \right)}{h}</math>
|}
ããã§<math>k = \frac{h}{x}</math>ãšçœ®ããšã
{|
|-
|<math>\lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\log _a \left(1+ \frac{h}{x} \right)}{h}</math>
|<math>=\lim_{k \to 0} \frac{\log _a (1+k)}{xk}</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\lim_{k \to 0} \frac{1}{xk} \log _a (1+k)</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\lim_{k \to 0} \frac{1}{x} \log _a (1+k)^{\frac{1}{k} }</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\frac{1}{x} \log _a \left(\lim_{k \to 0} (1+k)^{\frac{1}{k} }\right)</math>
|}
kã0ã«è¿ã¥ããŠãããšã<math>(1+k)^{\frac 1 k}</math>ã¯ã
<math>1.1^{\frac{1}{0.1} }=2.5937424601</math>
<math>1.01^{\frac{1}{0.01} }=2.7048138294215260932671947108075</math>
<math>1.001^{\frac{1}{0.001} }=2.7169239322358924573830881219476</math>
<math>1.0001^{\frac{1}{0.0001} }=2.7181459268252248640376646749131</math>
<math>0.9^{\frac{1}{-0.1} }=2.8679719907924413133222572312408</math>
<math>0.99^{\frac{1}{-0.01} }=2.7319990264290260038466717212578</math>
<math>0.999^{\frac{1}{-0.001} }=2.719642216442850365397553464404</math>
<math>0.9999^{\frac{1}{-0.0001} }=2.7184177550104492651837311208356</math>
(èšç®ïŒWindowsä»å±é»å)
ãšãªããäžå®ã®å€ã«è¿ã¥ããŠããïŒèšŒæã¯æ°åŠIIIã®ç¯å²ã§ã¯ã§ããªãïŒã
<!-- äžå¿ã髿 ¡ç¯å²ã§åæã®èšŒæã¯ã§ããã¿ããã§ãã -->
ãã®äžå®ã®å€ãããªãã¡
<math>\lim_{k \to 0} (1+k)^{\frac{1}{k} } = 2.718281828... </math>
ã'''e'''ã§è¡šãããããšã
<math>\lim_{k \to 0} (1+k)^{\frac{1}{k} } = e</math>
ããããäžã®åŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããšã
{|
|-
|<math>(\log _a x)'</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \frac{1}{x} \log _a \left(\lim_{k \to 0}(1+k)^{\frac{1}{k} }\right)</math>
|-
|
|<math>= \frac{1}{x} \log _a e</math>
|}
ç¹ã«<math>a=e</math>ã®ãšãã
<math>(\log _e x)'=\frac{1}{x}</math>
eãåºãšãã察æ°ãèªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ãšããã<br>
eã¯ãèªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ã®åºããŸãã¯ããã€ãã¢æ°ããšåŒã°ããããšãå€ãã<br>
æ°åŠã§ã¯ã<math>\log _e x</math>ã®eãçç¥ããŠlog xãšæžãã<br>
æ°åŠä»¥å€ã®åéã§ã¯ãåžžçšå¯Ÿæ°ãšåºå¥ããããã«ãln xãçšããããããšãããã
ãŸãã<math>\log |x| </math>ã®åŸ®åã¯ã
xïŒ0ã®ãšã
{|
|-
|<math>(\log |x|)'</math>
|<math>=(\log x)'</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\frac{1}{x}</math>
|}
xïŒ0ã®ãšã
{|
|-
|<math>(\log |x|)'</math>
|<math>=\{ \log (-x) \} '</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\frac{1}{-x} * (-1)</math>
|-
|
|<math>=\frac{1}{x}</math>
|}
ãã£ãŠã<math>(\log |x|)' = \frac{1}{x}</math>
ãŸããåæé¢æ°ã®åŸ®åæ³ããã<Math>\{ log |f(x)| \}' = \frac{f'(x)}{f(x)}</Math>ãæãç«ã€ããšããããã
==== ãã€ãã¢æ°eã®çµ¡ã極é ====
<math>\lim_{k \to 0} (1+k)^{\frac{1}{k} } = e</math>ãšå
ã»ã©å®çŸ©ãããããã®å®çŸ©åŒã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«æžãæããããã
<Math>\lim_{x \to \infty} (1+\frac{1}{x})^x = e</Math>
<Math>\lim_{x \to -\infty} (1+\frac{1}{x})^x = e</Math>
äžã®äºã€ã®åŒã¯<Math>k=\frac{1}{x}</Math>ãšçœ®ãæãããšããããã<Math>e</Math>ã®å®çŸ©åŒã®çåŽæ¥µéã®å Žåã衚ããŠããããšããããã
ãããã®åŒãå©çšããããšã§ãä»ãŸã§è§£ããªãã£ããã¿ãŒã³ã®æ¥µéãæ±ããããããã«ãªãã
äŸé¡ïŒ<Math>\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{ \log(1-x) }{x}</Math>ã®æ¥µéãæ±ãã
è§£çïŒ
<Math>\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\log(1-x)}{x} = \lim_{x \to 0} \log(1-x)^{\frac{1}{x}}</Math>
<Math>-x=k</Math>ãšãããš<Math>x \rightarrow 0</Math>ã®ãšã<Math>k \rightarrow 0</Math>ãªã®ã§ã
ïŒäžåŒïŒ<Math>= \lim_{k \to 0}v\log(1+k)^{-\frac{1}{k}} = \lim_{k \to 0} -\log(1+k)^{\frac{1}{k}}</Math>
ããã§ã察æ°é¢æ°ã¯é£ç¶é¢æ°ãªã®ã§ãlogãšlimãå
¥ãæ¿ããŠãè¯ãã
ïŒäžåŒïŒ<Math>= -\log \{\lim_{k \to 0} (1+k)^{\frac{1}{k}} \} = -\log e = -1</Math>
ãã£ãŠãåæããŠæ¥µéå€ã¯-1ã§ããã
=== ææ°é¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ° ===
<math>y=a^x(a>0)</math>
䞡蟺ã®èªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ããšããšã
<math>\log y = x \log a</math>
䞡蟺ãxã§åŸ®åãããšã
<math>\frac{y'}{y} = \log a</math>
<math>y' = y \log a</math>
<math>y' = a^x \log a</math>
ç¹ã«a=eã®å Žå
<math>(e^x)' = e^x</math>
<Math>e^x</Math>ã®xãç
©éãªå Žåã<Math>e^x=exp(x)</Math>ã®ããã«è¡šãå Žåãããã<br>ãŸãã䞡蟺ã®èªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ããšã£ãŠãã埮åããæäœã'''察æ°åŸ®åæ³'''ãšåŒã¶ã
==== 埮åä¿æ°ã𿥵é ====
埮åä¿æ°ã®å®çŸ©åŒãçšããŠæ¥µéãæ±ããããšãã§ããã
äŸé¡ïŒ<Math>\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{e^x-1}{x} </Math>ãæ±ãã
è§£çïŒ
<Math>\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{e^x-1}{x} = \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{e^x-e^0}{x-0}</Math>
ããã§ã埮åä¿æ°ã®å®çŸ©åŒ<Math>f'(a) = \lim_{x \to a} \frac{f(x)-f(a)}{x-a}</Math>ããã<Math>f(x) = e^x</Math>ãšãããš<Math>f'(x) = e^x</Math>ã§
ïŒäžåŒïŒ<Math>= f'(0) = e^0 = 1</Math>
ãã£ãŠãåæããŠæ¥µéå€ã¯1ã§ããã
=== åªä¹ã®å°é¢æ° â
¡ ===
<Math>x^a</Math>ã®ææ°ãæçæ°<Math>p</Math>ã®ãšãã<Math>(x^p)' = px^{p-1}</Math>ãæãç«ã€ã®ã¯æ¢ã«èšŒæããã
æåŸã«ã<Math>x>0</Math>ãšããŠææ°ã宿°ã®ãšããèããã
<Math>y=x^a</Math>ã®<Math>a</Math>ã¯å®æ°ã§ãããšããã
䞡蟺ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ã®èªç¶å¯Ÿæ°ããšã£ãŠ
:<math>\log |y| = a \log |x|</math>
䞡蟺ãxã§åŸ®åããŠã
:<math>\frac{y'}{y}=a \cdot \frac{1}{x}</math>
ãã£ãŠ
:<Math>y' = a \cdot \frac{1}{x} \cdot x^a = ax^{a-1}</Math>
ãæãç«ã€ã
æåã¯ææ°ãèªç¶æ°ã®å Žåã®ã¿ã ã£ãã®ã«æ¯ã¹ãããäžè¬ã®ç¯å²ã§äžåŒãæãç«ã€ããšãããã£ãããã®ããã«ããåŒãããäžè¬ã«èšããããã«ããã®ããæ°åŠã®çºå±æ§ã§ããééå³ã§ããã
*åé¡äŸ
**åé¡
**#<math>\frac{d}{dx} x\,\sin x</math>
**#<math>\frac{d}{dx} e^{x}\,\cos x^2</math>
**#<math>\frac{d}{dx} \sin (\cos x)</math>
**#<math>\frac{d}{dx} x\,\log x-x</math>
**#<math>\frac{d}{dx} {{1}\over{\cos ^2x}}</math>
**#<Math>\frac{d}{dx} \frac{e^x - e^{-x}}{e^x + e^{-x}}</Math>
**#<Math>\frac{d}{dx} x^x \,(x>0)</Math>
**#<Math>\frac{d}{d\theta} \cos^{\frac{5}{7}} \theta</Math>
**#<Math>\frac{d}{dt} t^{e+\pi}</Math>
**#<Math>\lim_{x \to \infty} (1+\frac{3}{x})^x</Math>
**#<Math>\lim_{x \to \infty} (\frac{x}{x+1})^x</Math>
**#<Math>\lim_{x \to 1} \frac{\log x}{x-1}</Math>
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**#<math>\sin x+x\,\cos x</math>
**#<math>e^{x}\,\cos x^2-2\,x\,e^{x}\,\sin x^2</math>
**#<math>-\sin x\,\cos (\cos x)</math>
**#<math>\log x</math>
**#<math>{{2\,\sin x}\over{\cos ^3x}}</math>
**#<Math>\frac{4}{e^x + e^{-x}}</Math>
**#<Math>x^x\,(\log x +1)</Math>
**#<Math>-\frac{5 \sin \theta}{7 \sqrt [7] {\cos^2 \theta}}</Math>
**#<Math>(e+\pi) t^{e+\pi-1}</Math>
**#<Math>e^3</Math>
**#<Math>\frac{1}{e}</Math>
**#<Math>0</Math>
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**#<Math>16x^2-9y^2=-4</Math>
**#<Math>x^{\frac{3}{5}}+y^{\frac{3}{5}}=1</Math>
**#<Math>x=3t-2, y=t^2+5</Math>
**#<Math>x=9\cos \theta, y=6\sin \theta</Math>
**#<Math>x=\frac{4}{\cos \theta}, y=7\tan \theta</Math>
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æå»ã <math>t</math> ãã <math>t+h</math> ã«ç§»åãããšããç©äœã¯ <math>x(t)</math> ãã <math>x(t+h)</math> ã®äœçœ®ã«ç§»åãã<ref>ããã§ã <math>x</math> ã¯é¢æ°ã§ããããšã«æ³šæããã</ref>ããã®ãšãã®å¹³åã®é床㯠<math>\frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t} = \frac{x(t+h)-x(t)}{(t+h)-t} = \frac{x(t+h)-x(t)}{h}</math>
ããã§ã<math>\Delta t = h</math> ãªã®ã§ã <math>h </math> ãéããªã 0 ã«è¿ã¥ããã°ããã®ç©äœã®ç¬éã®éåºŠãæ±ãããããæå» <math>t</math> ã®ãšãã®ç©äœã®ç¬éã®é床ã <math>v(t)</math> ãšããã°ã
<math>v(t) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{x(t+h)-x(t)}{h} = x'(t) = \frac{dx}{dt}</math> ã§ããã
åæ§ã«ãå é床ã«ã€ããŠããæå» <math>t</math> ã®ãšãã®ç©äœã®å é床ã <math>a(t)</math> ãšããã°
<math> a(t) = \lim_{\Delta t \to 0}\frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} =\lim_{\Delta h \to 0} \frac{x'(t+h)-x'(t)}{h} = x''(t) = \frac{d^2x}{dt^2}</math>
ããã¯ãå¹³é¢äžãéåããç©äœã«ãæ¡åŒµã§ãããæå» <math>t</math> ã®ãšãã®ç©äœã®äœçœ®ãã¯ãã«ã <math>\vec x(t) = (x(t),y(t))</math> ã§äžãããããšãããã®ç©äœã®é床ãã¯ãã« <math>\vec v</math> 㯠<math>\vec v = \lim_{\Delta t \to 0}\frac{\Delta \vec x}{\Delta t}=\frac{d \vec x}{dt} = \left(\frac{dx}{dt},\frac{dy}{dt}\right)</math> ã§ãããåæ§ã«å é床ãã¯ãã« <math>\vec a</math> ã«ã€ããŠãã <math>\vec a = \left(\frac{d^2x}{dt^2},\frac{d^2x}{dt^2}\right)</math>ã
äŸãã°ãè§é床 <math>\omega</math> ã§åç¹ãäžå¿ã«ååŸ <math>r</math> ã®åéåããç©äœã <math>t=0</math> ã§ <math>\vec x(0) =(r,0)</math> ã«ãããšãããã®ç©äœã®æå» <math>t</math> ã®ãšãã®äœçœ®ãã¯ãã« <math>\vec x(t)</math> 㯠<math>\vec x (t) = r\left(\begin{align} \cos \omega t \\ \sin\omega t\end{align}\right)</math> ã§ãããé床ãã¯ãã«ã¯ã<math>\vec v = \frac{d\vec x}{dt} = r\omega\left(\begin{align} -\sin \omega t \\ \cos\omega t\end{align}\right)</math>ãå é床ãã¯ãã«ã¯<math>\vec a = \frac{d^2\vec x}{d^2t} = -r\omega^2\left(\begin{align} \cos \omega t \\ \sin\omega t\end{align}\right) = -\omega^2 \vec x(t)</math>ããããããäœçœ®ãã¯ãã« <math>\vec x(t)</math> ãšé床ãã¯ãã« <math>\vec v(t)</math> ã¯çŽè¡ããäœçœ®ãã¯ãã« <math>\vec x(t)</math> ãšå é床ãã¯ãã« <math>\vec a(t)</math> ã¯éåãã§ããã<math>|\vec v(t)| = r\omega</math> ã <math>|\vec a(t)| = r\omega^2</math> ãæç«ããããšãåããã
ãŸããåéåã® <math>x</math> æå ãŸã㯠<math>y</math> æåã ãã«æ³šç®ããã°ãããã¯åæ¯åã§ããã
=== è¿äŒŒåŒ ===
埮åä¿æ°<Math>f'(a)</Math>ã¯<Math>\lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h} = f'(a)</Math>ãªã®ã§ã<Math>|h|</Math>ãååå°ãããšãã<Math>\frac{f(a+b)-f(a)}{h} \fallingdotseq f'(a)</Math>ã§ãããããªãã¡ã<Math>f(a+h) \fallingdotseq f(a)+f'(a)h</Math>ãæãç«ã€ãããã'''äžæ¬¡è¿äŒŒåŒ'''ãšåŒã¶ã
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<Math>g(x)=px^2+qx+r</Math>ãšããã<Math>f(a+h) \fallingdotseq g(a+h)</Math>ãšèŠåãããšã«ããã<Math>f(a+h) \fallingdotseq f(a)+f'(a)h + \frac{f''(a)}{2}h^2</Math>ãåŸããããããã'''äºæ¬¡è¿äŒŒåŒ'''ãšåŒã¶ã
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=== ãã«ã®å®ç ===
颿° <math>f(x)</math> 㯠<math> [a,b]</math> ã§é£ç¶ã <math>(a,b)</math> ã§åŸ®åå¯èœãšããã
<math>f(a) = f(b)</math> ãªãã° <math> f'(c) = 0</math> ãšãªãç¹ <math>a<c<b</math> ãååšããã
'''蚌æ'''
颿° <math>f(x)</math> ã«ã¯æå€§å€ãŸãã¯æå°å€ã <math>a < x <b</math> ã®ç¯å²ã«äžã€ä»¥äžååšãããæå€§å€ãŸãã¯æå°å€ã§ã¯é¢æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ã¯ 0 ãªã®ã§ããã®ç¹ãéžã³ <math>c</math>ãšãããšã <math>f'(c) = 0</math> ãšãªãã
=== å¹³åå€ã®å®ç ===
颿° <math>f(x)</math> 㯠<math> [a,b]</math> ã§é£ç¶ã <math>(a,b)</math> ã§åŸ®åå¯èœãšããããã®ãšãã <math>\frac{f(b)-f(a)}{b-a} = f'(c)</math> ãšãªã <math> a< c <b</math> ãååšããã
'''蚌æ'''
<math>g(x) = f(x) - Ax</math> ãšããã宿° <math>A</math> ã <math>g(a)=g(b)</math> ãæºããããã«å®ããã
ãããã£ãŠã <math>f(a) - Aa = f(b) - Ab </math> ããã <math>A = \frac{f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}</math> ã§ããã
ããã§ã颿° <math>g(x)</math> ã«å¯ŸããŠããã«ã®å®çãçšããããšã«ããã <math> g'(c) = 0</math> ãšãªã <math>a<c<b</math> ãååšããã<math>g'(x) = f'(x)-A</math>ã§ããããã<math>f'(c) = A = \frac{f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}</math> ãšãªã <math>a<c<b</math> ãååšããããšããããã
=== ã³ãŒã·ãŒã®å¹³åå€ã®å®ç ===
颿° <math>f(x),g(x)</math> 㯠<math> [a,b]</math> ã§é£ç¶ã <math>(a,b)</math> ã§åŸ®åå¯èœãšããããã®ãšãã<math> \{g(b)-g(a)\}f'(c) = \{f(b) - f(a)\}g'(c)</math> ãšãªã <math>c\in (a,b)</math> ãååšãããããã«ã <math>g'(c) \neq 0,\,g(a)\neq g(b)</math> ãšããã°ã
<math>\frac{f(b)-f(a)}{g(b)-g(a)}=\frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}</math>
ãšãªã <math>c\in (a,b)</math> ãååšããã
'''蚌æ'''
<math>h(t) = \{f(b)-f(a)\}g(t) - \{g(b)-g(a)\}f(t)</math> ãšãããããã§ã <math> h(t)</math> 㯠<math> [a,b]</math> ã§é£ç¶ã <math> (a,b)</math> ã§åŸ®åå¯èœã <math> h(a) = h(b)</math> ãªã®ã§ããã«ã®å®çããã<math>h'(c)=0</math> ãšãªã <math>c\in (a,b)</math> ãååšããã<math>h'(c)=0</math> ãå€åœ¢ã㊠<math>\{g(b)-g(a)\}f'(c) = \{f(b) - f(a)\}g'(c)</math> ãåŸããããã«ã <math>g'(c) \neq 0,\,g(a)\neq g(b)</math> ãªãã°ã
<math>\frac{f(b)-f(a)}{g(b)-g(a)}=\frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}</math>ã§ããã
=== ãã€ã©ãŒã®å®çïŒçºå±ïŒ ===
<math>f(x)</math> ãåºé <math>I</math> ã§ <math>n</math> å埮åå¯èœãªé¢æ°ãšãããä»»æã® <math>a,x \in I</math> ã«å¯ŸããŠã<math>\xi</math> ã <math>a,x</math> ã®äžéã«ååšããŠã
<math>f(x) = f(a) + \frac{f'(a)}{1!}(x-a) + \frac{f''(a)}{2!}(x-a)^2 + \cdots + \frac{f^{(n-1)}(a)}{(n-1)!}(x-a)^{n-1} + \frac{f^{(n)}(\xi)}{n!}(x-a)^n.</math>
'''蚌æ'''
<math>F(x) = f(x) - \left[f(a) + \frac{f'(a)}{1!}(x-a) + \frac{f''(a)}{2!}(x-a)^2 + \cdots + \frac{f^{(n-1)}(a)}{(n-1)!}(x-a)^{n-1} \right] </math> ãšããã<math>F(x)</math> ãšé¢æ° <math>(x-a)^n</math> ã«å¯ŸããŠãã³ãŒã·ãŒã®å¹³åå€ã®å®çãé©çšãããšã<math>F(a) = 0</math> ããã<math>\frac{F(x)}{(x-a)^n} = \frac{F(x) - F(a)}{(x-a)^n - (a-a)^n} = \frac{F'(x_1)}{n(x_1 - a)^{n-1}}</math> ãšãªã <math>x_1</math> ã <math>a,x</math> ã®äžéã«ååšããã<math>F'(a) = F''(a) = \cdots = F^{(n-1)}(a) = 0</math> ã§ãããããå³èŸºã«ãåæ§ã«ã³ãŒã·ãŒã®å¹³åå€ã®å®çãé©çšããããšã§ã <math>\frac{F(x)}{(x-a)^n} = \frac{F'(x_1)}{n(x_1 - a)^{n-1}} = \frac{F''(x_2)}{n(n-1)(x_2-a)^{n-2}} = \cdots = \frac{F^{(n)}(\xi)}{n!}</math> ãšãªã <math>x_1,x_2,\cdots, \xi</math> ã <math>a,x</math> ã®äžéã«ååšããã<math>F^{(n)}(x) = f^{(n)}(x)</math> ã ããã <math>F(x) = \frac{f^{(n)}(\xi)} {n!} (x-a)^n</math> ãåŸãã
==== ã©ã³ããŠã®èšå· ====
颿° <math>g(x) </math> ã«å¯ŸããŠã <math>\lim_{x\to a} \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = 0 </math> ãšãªããããªé¢æ° <math>f(x) </math> ãäžè¬ã« <math>og </math> ãšè¡šãã
ã©ã³ããŠèšå·ã«ã€ããŠæ¬¡ãæãç«ã€ã
# <math>oh + oh = oh</math>
# <math>koh = oh</math> (<math>k</math> ã¯å®æ°)
# <math>f = og, g = oh</math> ãªãã°ã <math>f = oh</math>
ã©ã³ããŠã®èšå·ã¯äžè¬ã«ã¯éã颿°ãåãèšå·ã§è¡šããŠããã®ã§æ³šæãå¿
èŠã§ãããäŸãã° 1. ã¯ä»»æã®<math>f = oh,\, g=oh</math> ã§ãã颿°ã«ã€ããŠã<math>\lim_{x\to a}\frac{f+g}{h} = 0</math> ãšããæå³ã§ããã
2. 㯠<math>f = oh</math> ãšãããšã<math>\frac{kf}{h} \to 0.</math> 3. 㯠<math>\frac f g \to 0,\, \frac g h \to 0</math> ãªãã°ã<math>\frac f h = \frac f g \frac g h \to 0 </math> ãšãªãããã<math>f = oh .</math>
ã©ã³ããŠã®èšå·ã«ã€ããŠã<math>x</math> ãã©ãã«è¿ã¥ãããšããïŒ<math>x \to a</math>ïŒãšããããšã¯éèŠã ããæèããæãããªå Žåã¯çç¥ãããã
==== 挞è¿å±é ====
ãã€ã©ãŒã®å®çã«ãããå³èŸºæåŸã®é
ãå°äœé
ãšãããããã <math>R_n</math> ãšæžãã<math>f^{(n)}(x)</math> ã <math>x = a</math> ã§é£ç¶ãªãã°ã<math>\lim_{x\to a} \frac{R_n}{(x-a)^{n}} = \lim_{\xi \to a} \frac{f^{(n)}(\xi)}{n!} = \frac{f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}.</math>
ããã¯ã <math>\lim_{x\to a} \frac{R_n - \frac{f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}(x-a)^n}{(x-a)^{n}} = 0</math> ãšæžããããã <math>R_n = \frac{f^{(n)}(a)}{n!} (x-a)^n + o{(x-a)^n}. </math>
ããªãã¡ã
<math>f(x) = f(a) + \frac{f'(a)}{1!}(x-a) + \frac{f''(a)}{2!}(x-a)^2 + \cdots + \frac{f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}(x-a)^n + o(x-a)^n</math>
挞è¿å±éãçšãããšæ¥µéã®åé¡ãç°¡åã«è§£ãããšãåºæ¥ããäŸãã°ã <math>\lim_{x\to 0} \frac{e^x - e^{-x}}{x} = \lim_{x\to 0} \frac{(1 + x + ox) - (1 - x + ox)}{x} = \lim_{x\to 0} 2 + \frac{ox}{x} = 2. </math>
'''äŸ'''
<math>\alpha</math> ã宿°ãšããã<math>f(x) = (1+x)^\alpha</math> ã«ã€ããŠã <math>f^{(n)}(0) = \alpha(\alpha-1) \cdots (\alpha - n + 1) </math> ãªã®ã§ã
<math>(1+x)^\alpha = \sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{\alpha}{k} x^k + ox^n </math>
ãã ãã<math>\binom{\alpha}{k} = \frac{\alpha(\alpha-1) \cdots (\alpha - k + 1)}{k!},\, \binom{\alpha}{0} = 1</math> ã¯äžè¬äºé
ä¿æ°ã
äŸãã°ã
<math>\sqrt{1+x} = 1 + \frac 1 2 x + ox</math>
<math>\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x}} = 1 - \frac 1 2 x + ox</math>
ãªã©ããããã¯è¿äŒŒå
¬åŒãšããŠããã䜿ãããã
==== ãã€ã©ãŒçŽæ° ====
ãã€ã©ãŒã®å®çã«ãããŠã颿° <math>f(x)</math> ãåºé <math>I</math> ã§ç¡éå埮åå¯èœïŒä»»æã®æ¬¡æ°ã®å°é¢æ°ãååšããããšïŒã§å°äœé
ã <math>\lim_{n \to \infty} R_n = 0</math> ãªãã°ã
<math>f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}(x-a)^n .</math>
ããããã€ã©ãŒçŽæ°ãšãããç¹ã« <math>a=0</math> ã®ãã®ããã¯ããŒãªã³çŽæ°ãšããã
ããã€ãã®é¢æ°ã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éãæ±ãããã
<math>f(x) = e^x</math>ãšãããšã<math>f^{(n)}(x) = e^x,f^{(n)}(0) = 1</math> ã§ã<math>|R_n| = \left|\frac{e^\xi}{n!}x^n\right| < \frac{e^{|x|}}{n!}|x|^n</math> ãããä»»æã® <math>x</math> ã«å¯ŸããŠã <math>\lim_{n \to \infty} R_n = 0</math> ãšãªããããªãã¡ã
<math>e^x = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac 1 {n!} x^n.</math>
<math>\sin x,\cos x</math> ã«ã€ããŠãåãããã«èšç®ããŠã
<math>\sin x = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^n}{(2n+1)!} x^{2n+1},\, \cos x = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^n}{(2n)!} x^{2n}</math>
ãåŸãã
== èæ³š ==
<references/>
{{DEFAULTSORT:ãããšããã€ããããããIII ã²ãµãã»ã}}
[[Category:é«çåŠæ ¡æ°åŠIII|ã²ãµãã»ã]]
[[Category:埮åç©ååŠ]] | 2005-05-03T05:33:14Z | 2024-03-21T12:36:40Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Pathnav"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6III/%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E6%B3%95 |
1,889 | æ§èª²çš(-2012幎床)é«çåŠæ ¡æ°åŠB | 倪åæ
2003ã2012å¹Žã®æ°åŠBã¯
ã§æ§æãããŠããã
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[[Category:æ°åŠæè²]]
[[Category:é«çåŠæ ¡æ°åŠB|*]] | 2005-05-03T05:50:17Z | 2024-03-19T15:08:30Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Pathnav"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E8%AA%B2%E7%A8%8B(-2012%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6)%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6B |
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