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Why can we record sights and sounds but not scents, feelings, and tastes? To smell, feel, or taste something you are actually interacting directly with that object. Your skin, tongue, or nose is physically touching at least a small amount of whatever you are experiencing. Yes, when you smell shit it is because tiny shit particles are touching the inside of your nose. The This isn't true of sights and sounds. Those are indirect interactions. You don't actually see a thing, you see light bouncing off of that thing. You don't actually hear a thing, you hear sound waves introduced by the thing. A camera or microphone or whatever can grab some of these waves for itself, while still letting the rest go on to be observed by other eyes or ears, so you can record something that you are still experiencing. The recordings can then be played back through light producing and sound producing equipment like TVs, projectors, speakers, etc to duplicate those captured wave patterns. The only way to play back a taste, scent, or feel would be to actually have a thing that tasted/smelled/felt like physically touch you.
Why did Eric Holder say Edward Snowden should be punished after saying Snowden performed a public service? Snowden released classified documents that the intelligence community feels injured national security when released. It was also extremely embarrassing to the country and a political nightmare even if everything they did was technically legal (which is questionable). Some claim that these secrets may have compromised operations in the field, possibly causing loss of life (this cannot be confirmed since said operations would obviously be classified). Also, any terrorists that thought that they had secure communications and learned that the NSA could listen in could go dark or find alternate means of communication. There is always a trade-off between security and freedom. Many believe that the NSA crossed the line and that revealing documents was a good, patriotic deed. Others say that his actions weakened national security and rightly say that he broke the law (there is an argument about ethics and morality here, but he DID illegally reveal classified information).
Why is everything gigantic on Mars? So Vallles Marines, I just read, is ridiculously huge, spanning some 3000kms. In comparison to that, the grand canyon seems like a little crack. Also, Olympos Mons is several times as large as Mount Everest. Is there a reason, like tectonic plates or lower gravity or something, that would explain basic landmarks to be so much more gigantic than they are on earth? Mars has no active tectonic-plate-like activity. While this means that mountains will not form through new activity, it also means that there's no movement of the surface that would over time equalize it as the vertical features are "shaken" to be more flat. With tectonic activity, valley systems would not be so deep and remain stable. Another effect is what keeps planets mostly round: gravity. Gravity imposes a limit to the height of a structure over time. Mars has a much weaker gravity, and can therefore have taller mountains remain stable over time (Olympus Mons). There's also no significant erosion to smooth out features like Valles Marineris. So, no tectonic activity + low gravity + no erosion = vertical structures are more long-lasting and stable. It also means no new features being formed to erase the old ones.
Why when I'm sick to the point of feeling like death can I get in the shower and almost feel complete relief until I shut the water off? I believe the heat from the water basically turns off pain type receptors or senders under the skin, so the discomfort goes away, but only temporarily. A piece of cloth filled with rice then microwaved until toasty warm can provide similar relief if applied to the lower back and chest.
How can a password be "brute forced" or cracked when the system locks up after a few unsuccessful attempts? Wouldn't this prevent a guess and check method? With most brute-force attacks, you bypass the lockout system in some way. One method is to clone the hard drive, and then start to work on the clones. Each clone will lock you out after 4 attempts; but the parent doesn't know about those attempts, nor do the other clones. This means that you get 4 attempts per clone times as many clones as you need; and eventually get in. The other method, used more on websites, is to get access to (usually via hacking and downloading) the login database. Databases don't have any code, so you can then build your own login interface, and start trying passwords.
What makes a cut of meat tender? Does it have to do more with the way the meat is cut/cooked? Or more with the way the animal was raised /fed? The main reason a cut of meat is tender or not is the amount of connective tissue in the meat. Every muscle fiber has a sheath of connective tissue around it, but the muscles that work hardest have tougher sheaths, to support those muscles. You can think of them like a weight lifter's belt - they don't add to the muscle's power, but help its stability and strength. Looking at a cow, pig, or sheep, you can see the muscles around the neck and shoulder do a lot of work, lifting and lowering the head as it goes up and down all day long, grazing on food on the ground. On the other hand the tenderloin just helps the shape of the spine, but it doesn't stretch and contract all day long doing work. The muscles in the shoulder and neck have lots of connective tissue, but the tenderloin has hardly any. You can cook the tenderloin briefly until it's pink and it will be tender and delicious, but you really need to slow cook the shoulder. When you're slow cooking, what you're doing is giving the connective tissue a chance to break down. First it contracts tight, then it breaks down and relaxes. You need to get it to fairly high temperature and keep it there for a while, so you won't be able to get pink meat out, but the tissue itself provides some degree of succulence once it is broken down. When you cook otherwise tender meat to the point of greyness, what you're actually doing is making these sheaths around the muscles squeeze out all the juices from inside the meat, which results in a dense, tough piece of meat. So cook a tender cut briefly, and a tough cut low and slow.
Gambling odds, or "Vegas number" I was listening to teh radio after the warriors loss, and I was curios when you hear things like "Vegas has already spoken" and then you'll hear they have GSW -7, or whatever the number is. Just don't understand how it all works The ideal situation for Vegas is to have half the money bet on one team and half the money bet on the other, so the losers money goes to pay the winners and Vegas keeps an unchanging cut of the bets. With most sporting events, however, that's rather unlikely. In this case most people are expecting the Warriors to beat the Thunder. So to get more people interested in betting on the Thunder there are two options: The points, spread, or points spread in this case means we'll subtract 7 points from Golden State's score (or add it to the Thunder's score) and compare the scores after that calculation to decide the bet. So if the point spread was GSW -7 and the final score was GSW 94 OKC 118 the score for the bet would be GSW 87 OKC 118 (and betters on the Warriors would lose the bet). If the game had been closer (perhaps GSW 104 OKC 98) the spread would still mean OKC would win (in industry terms, the Thunder would be said to have "covered" the spread or won the bet while losing the actual game.
Why is there only 1%, 2%, fat free and whole milk? Whole milk is only about 3.5% milkfat. Heavy cream is about 30-36% milkfat. 80% milkfat is butter.
Why do humans develop mental illness? Hoe come animals don't seem to do develop them like we do? Short answer: some animals definitely have a mental illness. Less short answer: we aren't psychic and they can't tell us, so some animals seem to and probably do have something we would consider things like depression, and anxiety disorders. We just don't humanize them the same way, so we just call the animal anxious, excitable, etc. More detailed: our conception of the inside of an animals mind is constantly changing. It was only in the last few decades that people generally even believed that animals like were even capable of feeling pain. People genuinely thought that all feelings of any kind were part and parcel of the human domain. As we learn more, we of course learned that all higher mammals at the VERY least have physical sensations more or less identical to what humans experience. They just express it differently. Perhaps animals with FAR less developed brains may feel things like pain as well. This is an area of current research. In terms of emotions, also recognize that only has something like mental illness been recognized in the modern sense that you probably mean it. Long ago, people thought they were demons and whatnot. Not as long ago, some mental illnesses were not even recognized as something that even existed. They were attributed to moral or ethical failing, or being weak, or being something other than actually ill. With all this in mind, it is clear that some animals definitely feel things that we would call depression. Social disorders exist in all higher animals. Emotional ones too. But, throwing all THAT aside there is definitely a connection between modern living and greater amounts of depression. Modern pressures are more acute and lingering than they ever have been before. While we spend less time physically sustaining our existence with labor, we spend WAY more time being occupied by things like work. We have less free time, we have less socializing time, we have fewer outlets for our problems. Most animals get plenty of outlets for all those things. But, keep an animal cooped up and bored and you'll quickly find that it behaves just like a depressed person would.
Why is circumcision popular even though not many religions require it? First hand experience. It does not work as a masturbation cure.
Why are there no national/state 911 apps (in the US)? There has been. E911 system has been specced for years. But not all dispatch centers have upgrade their systems. The FCC has a timeframe at 2020 for full completion. And to add, even if the dispatcher got the address, cops wouldn't be there to help her. It'd take 5-10 minutes average in cities. In random lake or something expect more than 15-30
Why are military casualties relatively low in the War in Ukraine, despite being a war that's lasted two years between two European countries fighting with modern weapons? Relatively few soldiers on each side and neither side has gone for an all out assault in the kind of blitzkrieg / desert storm type of offensive.
What makes Snopes the authority on whether claims are true or false? I see Snopes referenced a lot when it comes to the validity of claims on the internet and it never seems to be questioned. How are they confirming these claims and why is their word taken so seriously? They reveal their research process, cite their sources, constantly update their articles when they find new information and most importantly they are not afraid to correct any errors they've made. Basically they practice what good researchers are suppose to do.
Why is the penalty for attempted murder often so much less than that for murder, when often the only difference between attempted murder and successful murder is how successful a doctor or paramedic is in reviving the victim, which has no bearing on the severity of the act itself? Attempted murder isn't necessarily always whether the doctor can revive the victim. It can also be a failed murder plot. It's like the difference between the different degrees of murder and manslaughter. Premeditated murder is punished more severely than provoked murder. Because premeditated murder means there was intent to begin with, provoked murder doesn't necessarily mean the person intended to do any harm, maybe it was due to an emotional state like walking in on your cheating spouse. Just as manslaughter is when you kill someone by accident as in vehicular manslaughter. You didn't mean to run down that pedestrian, but you did. unsuccessful muder could have been a muder of passion like walking in on your cheating spouse, but you failed to kill the person. You would be charged with attempted murder, but likely sentenced to a lighter penalty than actual murder because at most you commited assault with intent to kill. It's all about three things: Intent, Circumstance, and Result. Was it planned or in the heat of the moment? Was the intent to kill or just harm? Was the result death or injury? Or was the entire thing an accident thereby renduring it manslaughter?
Why is Heroin on the rise? It seems that Heroin is on the raise. Personally, I am not aware of anyone doing it around. Not sure if it's really on the rise or if the media it making seem that way. Usage has definitely been on the rise, as have deaths due to overdose. Check out this chart. The classic pattern is, someone gets prescribed opiates such as OxyContin, usually for a legitimate pain management purpose. They get addicted and continue to use OxyContin. Sooner or later they can't afford it any more, so they turn to heroin, which is a lot cheaper. Boom, you started off taking OxyContin because you fucked up your back, and now you're a heroin junkie. Of course, not everyone fits this single pattern. Another big pattern is people buying OxyContin for recreational purposes (from people who have it legitimately) and then eventually turn to heroin for the same reason, i.e. its low price.
Why is classroom size considered such a big deal in grades 1-12 yet once you get to college you are thrown into huge 300 person lectures and it's considered normal? It's a big deal in college too. One of the reason small private schools are so expensive is because they offer much smaller classroom sizes. The ability to actually get individual face time with professors is extremely helpful both to your education and your future career.
How does a background investigation to get a job work? Oohh! I did this for a living! I did background checks on chemists, armored car drivers, etc. You fill out your application including work history or include your resume. Your prospective employer then sends it to me. They can get everything including credit check, criminal background, past employment history (most common), and education (also most common). I then call your previous employers and ask them about you. Some tell me you were great, some call you an asshole, some require your signature to speak about you (which you signed on your application), others transfer you to HR where they have 2-3 generic responses: terminated, not eligible/eligible for rehire, gave notice, etc. Typically not eligible/eligible for rehire is legal HR code for if you were a good employee. Sometimes I had to verify responsibilities, hours, and pay. If you're not confident that your boss was tell people you were an assistant manager, don't put it on your resume. It makes you look terrible when your previous boss says, "no. He was just a janitor." If the company closed you're still not safe. I'll call the business next door and ask if they remember you, know anyone who used to work next door, etc. the Chmaber of Commerce will remember all small business owners in a little town and give me their contact info. I will look up who owned the McDonalds franchise that closed, cross check the property address, use the white pages to find the previous owner, and call them at home and ask about you. I do the same for your education. I can call your HS or check a school's registrar database for your degree. If you put HS diploma and you got a GED I had to mark "No high school diploma." This one always killed me because one particular application just had a check box for "graduated from HS?" If it's a diploma mill or you never graduated I make a note of that. For scientists/chemists (pharma company) I would have to call references. I would speak to a grad student's professors. They were the meanest most brutal people. "Student doesn't really stand out. Average." "No personality, wouldn't let them work for me." Just brutal personal attacks. All other references were obviously the persons friends and they gave the answers you'd expect. Background checks are automatic along with credit history. If you turn out to be a child molester we research that to confirm it's you because the system is fairly flawed. Some companies/people would put through "rush" requests which was basically just a note to gather all the info you can and send it within 24 hours. Most times we would have 3-5 days. It was an interesting job and I have a compulsive need to pursue things to the very end so it was good for that. However I don't like "gotcha moments." They don't bring me the joy they bring others. Ironically the company realized I had IT experience so they switched me over to IT work but wouldn't promote me officially (read: pay me appropriately) because I didn't have a degree. Edit: This was years ago that I did this job. Social media was a thing but we didn't really check it and submit anything from it. I do know of several hospital systems that do and will check for anyone getting privileges. Keep your stuff private. It's just good common sense. Edit 2: I didn't hire anyone. I just collected the data. I don't know what the end user did with the data or what specific criteria they cared most about. Edit 3: I'm going to bed. I'm sorry if I didn't answer your question. I tried but my email doesn't show all reply's on mobile. I'm done.
ELI5:Why do some gymnasts wear an elastic belt over their leotard? Most likely to assess and correct hip allignment during their activities. You may see these in dance, ballet, gymnastics ect
Why is it uncomfortable to walk slower (e.g., stuck behind a group on a sidewalk) even if I'm not in a hurry? because it requires you to alter your natural gait and pace. You have a specific stride and when someone is walking slowly in front of you you have to shorten your stride, which disrupts the fluidity of the automatic coordination that allows you to walk without thinking.
is there anything to prevent unknowingly receiving a relative's sperm donation? A similar question has already been asked in relation to offspring of sperm donors engaging in accidental incest, but my question specifically relates to preventing relatives from receiving relatives' sperm donations. I'm aware that in many places sperm can be, and often is, donated anonymously. How do industry employees know if they are giving an anonymous donor's sperm to someone who is biologically related to the donor?? There really aren't any safeguards. Safeguards against 'what-if's tend to only be put into place after some kind of tragedy, so I wouldn't expect to see anything legislated until someone's kid comes out badly inbred. One would suppose that over time this will become a larger and larger problem; as sperm donation is objectively more evolutionary fit behaviour, so a small number of donors with the desire to donate will produce legions of new donors. It's likely that we'll start doing whole genome scans of everyone before it becomes a problem though.
Why is turkey a more common cold cut for sandwiches than chicken, when chicken is a more popular meat? HOLY CRAP! A question from my industry! Yes, i worked the first FOUR years of my engineering career at a factory in rural America that produced approximately 2 million pounds of unsliced turkey deli meat per week. I still work for one of the largest producer of turkey in the world. The answer almost exclusively boils down to economics. Turkey is a lower cost protein to make than chicken (by a small margin...but feed inputs are roughly 70% of the cost of poultry and turkeys are more efficient feed converters. Every little bit counts here). On top of this turkey is incredibly seasonal. Thanksgiving, christmas, and to a lesser extent easter are when turkey producers make their money and spend the rest of the year trying not to lose it. You cant just turn on the giant industro-ag machine that is turkey production for three holidays so production must remain relatively stable year round. People dont buy whole turkeys throughout the year so producers have to get creative. Enter turkey bacon, burgers, and.....deli breast! Essentially...if you want reasonably priced thanksgiving and christmas turkeys...the industry has to find creative ways to sell it year round....the white goes to deli, dark goes to ham, bacon, and burgers. If you have any other questions i would be happy to answer! Poultry is my life! Currently working at a large cooked chicken plant (edited to remove a customer reference...don't want to get make anyone mad...i can't/won't be able to answer questions about specific customers or products) Edit to add a few other economic factors...turkey takes substantially longer to grow than chicken so contracts on pricing are easier to secure. Chicken grows in weeks...so your contract price might look great the first flock...but feed prices change rapidly and if you lock in a year contract on chicken you could be getting screwed. Also, there are higher margin outlets for chicken breast than deli meat. Restaurants dont want to serve turkey because its slow to cook...chicken is fast and with high margins...chicken breasts are incredibly popular at the meat case for grilling. If you can get it in your store, buy a raw turkey tenderloin to marinate and grill! Best cut of meat to grill bar a ribeye! Edit a second time to say thanks for the gold. If you have questions keep asking and i'll answer ALL OF THEM. NOW GO OUT THERE AND ORDER SOME TURKEY! Im headed out for a bit but keep asking. Ill answer all the questions you send me. FINAL EDIT GUYS: My fingers hurt and i need some cold cut turkey to rejuvenate. some people are getting pretty close to figuring out my identity so i've disclosed to much and am gonna stop answering questions. i am not a "heartless animal killing nazi" but i do have a family to feed and a great job i wanna keep! For the vegans/vegetarians out there i know i won't change your opinions but know we are doing the most humane and respectful processes we can. i feed this stuff to my family and eat it almost every day. if you have any turkey specific questions let me know in my private messages and i'll be glad to answer them.
How can LexisNexis only provide full details of your personal file to you (i.e., you can't order someone else's) after filling out lengthy paperwork to prove who you are, but happily sell your information to a company without your consent? From what I know they aren't exactly selling your information, they're making more readily available what's called 'Publically Identifiable Information'. This kind of information is technically accessible to basically anyone, but truly should only be identifiable by the individual- such as old phone numbers, vehicles owned, old addresses, relatives, etc. Most of those are identifiable by Google, social media, Whitepages, even deep digs into the internet but there are so few people out there trying to actively seek 100% of all of that information fraudulently. But where LexisNexis comes into play is more of the in-the-moment quizzes that companies are utilizing. You can only err once during these questions, and the odds that someone fraudulent could correctly guess all of the 3-5 questions about you is very, very slim
How do locksmiths verify that you own a key before making a copy of it? I mean, couldn't you just get a key, make a copy and give the original back? How do they know that you aren't a thief? They don't know you aren't a thief. However some locks and some keys are protected from this with security measures. Locksmiths aren't worried about copying a house key. But if you try to get a key for a high security lock copied, it's not going to happen. These keys will often have writing on them for "do not copy" and use multiple rows of pins. The only time that a locksmith might want to verify your identity is if you are asking them to get into a locked car, house, or business. They need reasonable assurances that you are authorized to be there and to enter the premises. If it turns out that you are lying and the police get involved the locksmith has an out if they took reasonable precautions to ensure you were authorized. Source - I'm an amateur lock smith with about 10 years experience keying, re-pinning, picking, repairing, and bypassing locks. Locks do not keep someone from breaking in to a home or vehicle in any case. They are there to keep honest people honest, and to deter thieves to pick easier targets. If someone wants to steal from you, there is not a lot you can do to stop them short of guarding your property 24x7. However you can take reasonable precautions so you aren't the low hanging fruit when a thief wants to break in. And if someone does want to steal, they are not going to use a locksmith who could be a witness against them. They will simply smash and grab, or con their way on premises. And being a locksmith, if I wanted to break the law and make a key I don't need the original key to copy. I can cut my own key for most locks using a few simple tricks for pin lengths. But I wouldn't bother. Most residential locks can be opened in under 10 seconds by an amateur simply by raking.
Recently there was news about two girls joined at the head being surgically separated by a team of over 30 surgeons. What is there for 30 surgeons to actually do during a job like this one? 30 people is a lot of people. Hey there, I work in the operating room during spine and neuro-surgery and can give you my run-down of why... 1) Time: A surgery like that takes a lot of time. Most likely 20+ hrs. Although surgeons have been known to operate for that long at one time, it's not the safest way to do things. Splitting the surgery up in to different sections (1 guy will do the exposure and craniotomy and start working on separation until surgeon #2 will come in and begin his part etc...) Anesthesiologists usually work in 8 hr shifts and then a call schedule after that. Same is typical for nurses, scrub techs, etc... so the 30 people probably includes a lot of turnover of that type of staff. 2) Level of complication: Taking on a huge risky, complicated case like that is a lot of stress on the surgeon. Having colleagues that are experts in their own little niches of the surgical field to come in and help makes the surgery safer and builds confidence in the surgical team. You also have to consider all the things that could potentially go wrong in such a big surgery and having the appropriate staff available for Vascular problems etc also probably adds to that number. Those are the two reasons that come to mind. I'm sure someone else can add to them and elaborate.
If cursive writing is no longer taught in schools, how do younger people sign their names? Cursive is still taught, though it's slowly being phased out. The simple answer is that they just write their name. Signatures being in cursive is just a convention. There is no law that says they have to be in cursive.
What separates different types of cheese? What's the difference between how types of cheeses are made? What's done different between a hard cheese, like cheddar, and something soft like brie? Animal the milk it taken from, the fat content of the milk (if the cream has been separated or not), the kind of rennet used, the kind of bacteria cultures used, the amount of moisture squeezed out, the kind of fungal cultures used, the duration it is aged, the way it is aged (humidity, waxed or rapped in cloth, some are aged part of the time submerged in wine or vinegar), and if herbs or spices are used.
How would Puerto Rico becoming a US State work? Would the powers that be of USA want this to happen? What would the impact be to the country as a whole to gain a new state? For what it's worth, I'm from the U.K so I know literally nothing about the things I'm asking. How would Puerto Rico becoming a US State work? Puerto Rico would have a referendum and decide if they want to be a state. Congress would vote if they want to start the statehood process for Puerto Rico Congress and Puerto Rico's territorial congress would work together to create a state constitution. Once that constitution is agreeable to both Congress and Puerto Rico a final vote in Congress happens to admit Puerto Rico as a state. The President signs that bill and The US has 51 states Would the powers that be of USA want this to happen? The biggest hurdle the powers that be would have is adding Puerto Rice adds 2 senators and 4 or 5 congressmen, along with the 6 or 7 electoral votes that go along with those. This would concern one party if the other was more heavily represented in PR also this would diminish the voting power of smaller states especially the 3 vote states. Puerto Rico would also probably be a net taker of federal taxes but that depends on a lot of things. What would the impact be to the country as a whole to gain a new state? Day to day nothing really changes, Puerto Rico is basically a state now. There is free travel to and from the territory and free work access. it would really only effect election time. Taxes would increase for Puerto Ricans as they don't pay Federal Income Tax, but their tax burden may shift around to even that out, it depends on the exact way they are admitted as a state.
Difference between personality traits and psychological disorders Things like ADD, autism, etc. Something is considered a psychological disorder when it has a significant negative impact on the person's life. Feeling sad sometimes is normal, feeling so sad and empty that you can't get out of bed for days is a psychological disorder. This is why we need specially trained people to determine whether someone has a psychological disorder or not on an individual basis. I apologise if this is being taken the wrong way. I don't at all mean to say "you're different to me, therefore you're mentally ill". I thought being to get out of bed for days was pretty obviously pathological and not a personality trait.
What is dry drowning, and how does it happen? I posted this in response to the top comment as their explanation was incorrect but just making a separate post to provide an answer to your question. Your vocal cords, which sit at the top of your airway, are quite sensitive. In dry drowning, water hits the vocal cords which causes spasm - otherwise known as laryngospasm. In basic terms, the vocal cords snap shut in a protective reflex which seals off the airway and lungs. In reality, the victim suffocates rather than drowns - no water enters the lungs. Many people here are describing secondary drowning, which is an inflammatory condition caused by water entering the lungs and causing irritation. Fluid build up occurs within the inflammatory response causing pulmonary oedema, or fluid filled lungs. To confuse things however, laryngospasm can also cause pulmonary oedema. Our breathing works via negative pressure - when we open our rib cage, that stretches the lungs open and creates a small vacuum causing air to rush in. This is how we breathe - we don't 'suck' air in per se, we create a negative pressure environment with the muscles in our rib cage and diaphragm and air rushes in to equalise pressure between our lungs and the external environment. When laryngospasm occurs, the victim may still be using all of those muscles to try to breathe but their airway is sealed shut. So, they are creating a negative pressure environment in their lungs, but with no way for air to get in to equalise the pressure. The victim then ends up drawing fluid from their tissues into their lungs instead, resulting in pulmonary oedema, or fluid filled lungs.
What are the elections in the UK that just happened about? Who are the stories and why are they so demonized? Confused US citizen here Came here to make a post after getting so many comment replies in /r/worldnews asking for an ELI5. So here's the breakdown: Theresa May is the leader of the Conservative party and was the Prime Minister who called an election. She called it when the party has a lead in the polls to try and gain a larger majority to create a "strong and stable" party to lead the EU negotiations. Jeremy Corbyn is the leader of the Labour party who are the main opposition. Corbyn was demonised by the press for his "socialist policies" that involved nationalising most of the UK's services, free tuition fees and large increases in spending. The UK election works on a first past the post system. This means that the UK is divided up into constituencies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. People vote in these constituencies for the candidate they want to represent them, the candidate with the most votes in that region wins and gets a seat in parliament. To get a majority government, a party needs to win 326 seats. This year no party achieved this meaning the parliament is "hung." Conservatives won 319 seats, with Labour winning 261 seats. The Prime Minister must now to meet the Queen to say she will try and form a government. It seems likely that she will ally her party with the Democratic Union Party of Northern Ireland, who won 10 votes, giving them a coaliation os 329 votes which is above the 326 majority. The election has been a little bit surprising due to Labours gain despite Corbyn being demonised by the media and ridiculed by his own party members prior to the election being called. The large gain in Labour support has been credited to a big youth turnout, particularly in student towns like Sheffield and Canterbury. The other factor has been the collapse of the UKIP party whose main policy was Brexit. Support for UKIP was predicted to turn into Conservative votes due to UKIPS right-wing alignment, however Labour have received an equal proportion of this vote in regions that voted leave during the EU referendum. Hopefully this adequately and neutrally explains the situation here. I'm going to try not to devolve into discussing policies, personalities and opinions beyond the surface reports. If anyone has further questions please reply and I'll endeavour to try and fairly respond. Theresa May has now declared her intention to form a government. It's widely speculated that this will be a minority government with some leaning on the DUP. This is different to the last coalition government in 2010 between Conservatives and Liberal Democrats which was a formal coalition government.
Why haven't humans developed a simple and clear signal of romantic interest? The vast majority of animals have some form of mating dance/call/thing; why did humans lose/not have this? So much of human behaviour and communication is cultural/memetic/linguistic rather than instinctual and deterministic, so instead of a single dance/call/song/thing we have thousands and the meaning depends on cultural context. On the other hand, we have all kinds of subtle physiological cues to indicate attraction and arousal. Many of these are conveyed subconsciously, but some people become more skilled at actively identifying them.
The reason why a Television show has an opening on every single episode after the first initial episode of a new season... when it could be replaced with a short title introduction. I've always wondered this since I was a kid, sorry if this has been asked before. A lot of people are not progressing through the season, like on Netflix, but are glancing it during programmed television. It's important to brand identity and recognition by outsiders of glance-watchers. Quick, attach a category filter, before mod-bot arrives!
Why are tanks and armored vehicles usually carried on the back of a truck to the war? I mean why don't they just drive the tank/armored vehicle to the front lines? 1) Tank engine are really strong, which make them ideal in bad terrain, but also make them use a lot of diesel per mile. If you put them on a specially design truck, you can drastically cut your diesel consumption. 2) Tank are really expensive piece of equipment, they are a lot more expansive them these trucks that can carry them around. So if you can cut down on the driving time of your tanks when it's possible, then they will last you longer. Your trucks will last you less time, but they cost a lot less than tanks. 3) Tank can create a lot of damage on road because their contact to the ground is make of steel instead of rubber. That's one of the reason why some urban fighting vehicle are on tires, to limit that problem.
How did people wake up to work before the invention of alarm clocks? I know that some people can just wake up at a specific time each day but was this the case for all people? In the UK, we had a knocker-up , who was a guy with a big stick and would tap on your bedroom window when it was time to get up. No idea who woke him up though.
Why is it that on Reddit practically everyone knows correct grammar while other parts of the Internet don't know any at all? Also, why does there seem to be an increase in English proficiency between barely passing seniors going into adulthood? I want to believe it's because we consider ourselves the most literate of all social media. We write it, so that you can say that you were entertained having "read it". We are also not limited to a mere 140 characters, thus reducing the possibility of a misunderstanding (and consequently nuclear annihilation). When you don't need to purposefully shorten words for the sake of space, you are given more freedom to concisely say with your own style what you want to by providing quality information that literate readers might appreciate. To say "I am laughing out loud" is to put a pox on all of the houses of social media who use lol as their standard form of showing how funny someone thinks a post is. Reddit is also where we can end a long-winded post that people may be too pressed for time to get to the end of, by putting in a TL;DR to sum it all up. Reddit has more class than all other forms of social media.
Why is it impossible to imagine a new colour? A better way to word this would be, "Why it be possible to imagine a hue that is completely outside one's experience, to the point where the neurological circuitry to process such a hue may not even exist?" Anything you can imagine or visualize is necessarily going to be informed by and at least in part based on things you've previously experienced. By the time a person is old enough to ask a question like "Why can't I imagine a new color" their brain has probably already been exposed to every possible color or combination of colors available to them (especially nowadays with such widespread and easy access to video games, television, and digital artistic tools like Photoshop and Paint Tool SAI) and has adjusted itself to recognize and process them. You can't imagine a new color because there's nothing to build it from; it would necessarily have to be derived from a color you already know, or a combination of those colors. Where would you even start? It's as if someone asked you to build a house out of a brand new, never before seen material, but without using any currently known or even hypothetically possible substances or combination of substances whatsoever to create it. You'd need to invent new physics and chemistry before you could even begin. Edit: I want to clarify that I don't necessarily think it is impossible for a person to a new color, either because they weren't exposed to it before, or because of drug use, injury, or some other phenomenon. What I don't think is possible is for a person to a brand new color.
Given that polar bears have existed 600,000 years, they must have gone through periods warmer than today (prior to and after the ice age) and somehow survived. But today they are on the endangered species list due to expected climate changes. Are they really in danger? Animal populations can adapt and evolve along with a changing environment if the change happens slow enough. Polar bears may be able to adapt to a temperature change over 100000 years, but not be able to adapt to the same temperature change over 1000 years. Since this recent anthropogenic driven change is happening faster than any natural temperature change, so I would say they are in danger in the wild. I guess we will be able to see them in zoos though.
If a person was raised without any comprehension of language, what would the voice inside their head sound like when thinking about something? Could any advanced thought processes even take place? Language seems to be necessary for complex thought. Children raised in such a way as to not be exposed to a language during critical early years display significant cognitive deficits, in particular a difficulty in learning language when given the opportunity. Many children raised in confinement or "feral children" often never learn to speak a real language and generally have difficulty with a wide range of mental tasks.
How exactly does traffic work? Why are some days stop and go and the next day at the same time absolutely fine? Aside from the obvious like accidents and construction, what causes the slow movement? Differences in acceleration. When you are at a red light, there is a line of cars behind you. You see the light turn green, and so does everyone else. You begin to accelerate, but the cars behind you don't until they see you have began to move. Traffic could essentially be eliminated if all the cars accelerated together at the same time, but humans are not perfectly coordinated enough to ever pull that off. Some days traffic is worse than others because of a "chaos theory" sort of phenomena or "butterfly effect" where one light going red at the right time can put the flow of traffic out of sync. Here is a great video by redditzen CGP Grey. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHzzSao6ypE
What happens if you defend yourself against a bounty hunter? Saw a news article and it made me think of what would happen if i successfully defended myself against a bounty hunter. For instance: The perp has an outstanding charge and did not show up to court. A bounty hunter gets assigned and finds the perp. The perp defends himself against the bounty hunter which results in the death of the bounty hunter. Would the perp receive charges for the death of the bounty hunter(murder/manslaughter)? What is the threshold for identifying yourself as a bounty hunter or any LEO? Thanks Bounty Hunters aren't supposed to attack with deadly force in the first place. In theory, they're supposed to approach peacefully and ask the guy to comply, and can make it clear they're armed if necessary. This way, the perp isn't in the "defending himself" position. If he attacks, he's the one who started the fight.
How do information leaks happen? [Not sure if repost, checked but couldn't find anything related] One I'm especially curious about is government information leaks. Who leaks this kind of information, and how do they get it in the first place? That all depends on which "flavor" of leak you're talking about. There's the Edward Snowden type of leak where someone deliberately shares private and confidential information with the public because they felt the public needed to know. Conscious intent and action. Some leaks aren't intentional at all like the Podesta emails, and are obtained through illicit means like hacking/stealing/espionage. Malicious intent and action. Then there's the flat incompetent/accidental types of leaks like when the boss left the company's failing budget and list of people to get laid off next month on the printer for a bit too long. Genuine accident. There are also tactical leaks used by politicians. You can spot these whenever the reporter is citing "a Senior White House Official" in their report. This lets the White House "react" to this new national issue and put public pressure on political opponents without looking like the bad guys. Wall Street types will also use this to manipulate prices. Day traders are constantly watching company financial reports, and the pros are often looking for insider tips from big companies so they can make their plays ahead of the public. These leaks are often traders calling college buddies that work for Apple's Engineering department looking for key tips like "the next Iphone has a 2hr battery life" so they can sell before it tanks. In all cases, reporters that get the first leaks are often personal or professional friends that have developed a trusting relationship with the leaker, who is trusting that they leak it appropriately, on their schedule, and for maximum impact. Politicians for example, may give a leak to a story, but ask the reporter to sit on it for a couple of days to avoid suspicion. Should the reporter jump to publish early, it fucks the politician and virtually guarantees the end of secret sources for that reporter.
ELI5:what's the difference between the US Coast Guard and the US Navy? There are many differences but the primary one is their mission. The Navy is a naval war force designed to win wars, deter aggression and maintain US armed presence in the seas. The Coast Guard is more for law enforcement and search and rescue. The Navy is under the Department of Defense and the Coast Guard is under the Department of Homeland Security. The Coast Guard is there more for domestic interests than the Navy, although there is certainly some overlap. Theoretically, if the US were to declare war on another country this would radically change Naval actions but have a more limited effect on Coast Guard. I say "theoretically" because Congress passed a law in 2006 giving the President the power to place the Coast Guard under the authority of the Department of Defense during wartime. The President doesn't have to do this, but there are advantages to placing all armed forces under one department in wartime. Hope that helps! The President has had the power to put the Coast Guard under the DoD for a lot longer than 2006, see comments below for details.
ELI5:Why can the POTUS repeatedly call media outlets, such as CNN and MSNBC, 'fake' without getting sued for slander? It is really hard to sue the president for anything. The sense behind this law is so his political enemies can't just tie him down with lawsuits. For serious things the president can be impeached but that is a major political event. The system assumed presidents would be sensible adults. This may have been misguided.
Why are we supposed to "adopt, don't shop"? Why does it matter as long as the pet finds a loving home, right? The idea is that buying animals in a pet shop encourages bad breeding practices. People churn out animals for profit with no thought for the welfare of the animals being bred. If you adopt you are taking in an animal that needs a home, but you are not financially rewarding someone for potentially unscrupulous behavior. There are reputable breeders out there of course, but if you are walking into a pet store it's hard to tell if the animal came from one of these.
Why are the psychological symptoms of autistics so heavily reinforced through accomodation when many other psychological disorders are dealt with by trying to normalise the sufferer, such as vehimently contradicting schizophrenic delusions? Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder, not a psychological disorder. They are accommodated in the same way as giving someone with paralysed legs a wheelchair is accommodating them: it's the only thing that works to improve their lives. Of course there are therapies that can help someone with autism to improve their quality of lives, but sometimes you are going to run into gaps (especially with people on the lower-functioning end of the spectrum) that simply cannot be bridged. Someone who is suffering from delusions is not actually helped by reinforcing those delusions. That often only works to escalate them and make them even more unlikely to take the medication that works.
Why did the Soviet Union have such a hard time feeding its population. Russia, especially, seemed to have a lot of money, plenty of farmland, and a decent infrastructure. So, why did it have trouble filling its grocery stores with food? Because at every level, the incentives were all in favor of people making decisions contrary to the public good. It was a logistical structure built around the premise that people would simply obey their masters because their masters worked for the 'public good'. On the one hand, working harder and innovating didn't yield any rewards. On the other hand, cheating the system . So all up and down the system, you had people who were either withholding the full measure of their capabilities or turning those capabilities to graft. In contrast, an American farmer works harder because he makes more money. He doesn't under-report his production because it wouldn't make any sense to do so - he won't get paid for anything he doesn't report. Similarly, the people transporting, distributing and retailing the food are all primarily interested in getting the most they can to the customer so they can get paid.
Why do languages have homonyms? Bat and bat, muñeca and muñeca. I'm sure there are a ton more in all languages, but why? Did we run out of words so we have to start using some twice? Note, this is not homophones, which sound the same (raise, raze, rays), but homonyms, so the exact same word. EDIT: Also, . There are two ways for a single word to have multiple meanings: One word branched off in the past and the connection between the different meanings is now secondary or obsolete. Two different words converged on the same sound by coincidence. The word "hard" is an example of the first: It can mean strong/rigid, or difficult. The concepts are related - it's to break something that's strong and rigid - so it's an example of a single word with divergent meaning. Another example of the first would be "book." Someone makes a reservation, the reservation was recorded in a book, ergo they "booked" the reservation. Reservations today are not typically recorded in books, but they're still booked. The second (convergence of multiple words) usually happens with simple words - especially ones that are a single syllable. An example would be "mole", which converged from different roots describing either a blemish on skin or a burrowing animal. There's a bunch of other meanings too.
ELi5: Why do many people continue to hear/see sounds and images from a video game they've played recently for hours or days after they've stopped playing? I know there is some basis for asking this question, with Tetris being the ultimate example of unshakable automatic gameplay in a person's head after s/he puts the game away, but my mobile search of ELi5 didn't turn any answers up, so I figured I'd give it a go. This topic is in my head because I played Fallout Shelter on xbox for several hours yesterday (I was sick and bored, what can I say?) and all last night and into today my brain kept "playing" the game even though, as of writing, I haven't opened it in 12 hours. I even startled awake several times during the night in the process of mentally checking on all my rooms, complete with full-on imagined sound effects and images, only to realize after a few moments that I was actually in bed and not playing. Though I've spent a lot of hours playing video games in my life, this has only happened to me with a small number of them, including Tetris (after a few hours of playing my first time in high school, my brain kept obsessively clearing imaginary lines all night and into the next day). Since this doesn't happen with all games, nor does it happen with other extended visual/auditory experiences (like binge-watching a TV show, say), I'm curious what the mechanism may be. My coolest theory is that my brain, not understanding the subject of its autopilot background obsession is just a game and not actually important to my life, is trying hard to sharpen a new skill it's been exposed to in order to rapidly improve at the task in case those skills are needed again. But I think that may be giving it too much credit haha. Anyone know why this very strong, unshakable phenomenon happens sometimes? Funny you mention Tetris several times, this is actually a widely recognized phenomenon aptly called the 'Tetris effect'. There is a respectively named Wikipedia article on it that I would link to if I wasn't on mobile and too lazy to bother with cross app links.
How come when we drink orange juice or something similar after we brush our teeth the juice tastes horrible? One of the chemicals in toothpaste (and other products) binds to your sweet taste buds so they don't work as well. This makes orange juice taste very bitter and sour. It also isn't just juice, but anything that is mildly sweet but also sour or bitter. There are a lot of chemicals that do this. Your taste buds are kind of like puzzle pieces. Some of them are in the sweet shape, some bitter, some sour, some salty, and some savory. Sugars will attach to your taste buds and make them send a signal to your brain that you are eating something sweet. But some chemicals are close to the right shape, but not quite. So instead they get stuck on your taste bud without activating it and get in the way of anything else activating your taste bud. Over time they fall off, but till then you can't taste something. A few chemical is a fruit called Miracle Berry. It is like the chemical in toothpaste, but instead of blocking sweet it blocks sour. If you chew on the berries for 10 minutes, for 30 minutes after you can't taste sour anymore. And other fruits will taste incredibly sweet.
What is a "snap vote", what is its purpose, and how does it work? I'm not from the UK, so I'm unfamiliar with their government setup. Is this to replace existing MPs or are there empty slots? What laws allow the PM to just announce this? In the US election dates are fixed. We know that there will be a presidential election in 2020, no matter WHAT. It will not be early, it will not be late, if the president is shot or otherwise removed the presidency will go down the order of succession until the next election date rolls around. Other countries, particularly those that follow the commonwealth system, are not like this. Election day happens with the government decides that it will happen. There are certain limits, such as it must happen every X years, but there is no guarantee as to what date the election will happen on. In Canada (for example) the liberal government was elected on October 19, 2015. The next election must be called within 5 years but could happen sooner. You may have noticed that the US elections are very lengthy and drawn out, and that does not happen in other countries. This system of "calling" an election is part of the reason. Since we don't know exactly when an election will happen, the time period between calling the election and holding the election is fairly short. Wheres everyone in America knows exactly when the next election will be held. So this process of calling an election leads to some things that an American might find somewhat odd. Mainly there's the notion that if the government is going to do anything tremendously important, if circumstances change significantly or if parliament just can't get it's shit together, an election should be called. In the case of the UK, the whole Brexit thing is a big fucking deal. So they've decided to hold an actual election before they make the process final. This allows some parties to campaign on not going through with it, and they have a "mandate" to go aginst the recent referendum if they win. If the government can't pass a budget, like happened a few years ago in the US. That would trigger a new election in a parliamentary country. Also if the PM dies or is otherwise changed, a new election does not need to happen, but it's customary that one would, where as in the US the VP would simply step up and become president.
What is the FBI/CIA's survelliance policy in terms of individual citizen's rights? This is a very old incident, it happened back in 2011. The guy didn't sell the device and the FBI didn't sue him. Rather, the FBI asked for him to return the device and he did. He then sued the FBI alleging that his civil rights had been violated because the FBI did not have a warrant to place the device. At the time there was no constitutional warrant requirement to attach a GPS device so your car so he lost. Since then the Supreme Court issued a ruling in United States v. Jones, 132 S.Ct. 945 (2012) where it held that the 4th Amendment required law enforcement to get a warrant before installing a GPS device tracking device on your car.
With the plan of Japan to drill the earth's crust to reach the mantle, what is the process of getting permissions and from whom (since no one "owns" the earth)? The short version is their proposed drill sites are in the territorial waters of the US, Costa Rica, and Mexico. So they need to get permission from whichever government controls the drill site they settle on. The long is: The earth is "owned." Every government owns (or controls who owns) all of the land directly underneath it. Obviously this isn't infinite, the nature of the Earth being a sphere means that if you went down deep enough there would be overlapping claims, but present technology doesn't let us drill anywhere close to where that would become an issue. Governments also own the ocean up to 200 miles off their shore, as well as the land underneath that ocean. Once you get outside of that 200 mile zone you are in international waters. Here things start to get unclear. Most of the world has agreed to a treaty known as the Law of the Sea Convention. That convention sets up how things are to function within the 200 mile limit, and created a commission known as the International Seabed Authority (ISA) that is supposed to determine when entities are allowed to conduct undersea drilling in international waters. The problem here is that the US has agreed to everything in the Law of the Sea Convention the provisions creating the ISA. Since the US doesn't recognize the ISA and the US effectively controls most of the Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans the ISA has very little authority. As of right now this isn't a problem, because the technology does not exist to drill in international waters and so far the ISA's activities have been limited to authorizing a handful of deep sea surveys that went nowhere. As to the Japanese company in question - they have 3 proposed drill sites, all of which are within the territorial waters of the US, Costa Rica, or Mexico. So the answer is simple. They have to secure permission to drill from the government that controls whatever site they eventually decide to drill at. If they were drilling on the land, they would need to comply with whatever regulations were applicable to such drilling in the country where it was being carried out.
Why do some armed forces wear Mechanix gloves? Availability, durability, price, etc. I wore them because they were cheap enough that I didn't care if I lost them, but versatile enough to protect my hands when I needed them. Also, my unit purchased a shit load, so I got a bunch of pairs for free.
What would happen to your body during a prolonged use of an NSAID? PA here. The main side effects of NSAIDs: Stomach trouble. NSAIDs (except Celebrex) reduce your stomach's ability to build its mucosal protection, allowing stomach acid to first irritate and then damage the stomach lining. NSAID-induced gastritis and ulcers are a thing. Kidney trouble. NSAIDs are excreted through the kidneys, and long-term use, especially by someone who already has sick kidneys (like diabetics) can cause failure. Change your NSAID periodically to mitigate this effect, and get blood labs to check in with them. Blood thinning. NSAIDs interfere with platelets and reduce your ability to clot. This is why people at risk of cardiac disease take baby aspirin. But heavy NSAID use can cause bruising and definitely shouldn't be done if you're on a blood thinner already. And of course, people can be allergic. People who already have asthma seem to be particularly susceptible to airway reactions from NSAIDs. There's a long list of other, less common side effects, but these are the major problems often encountered when we give NSAIDs to a patient on a long-term basis.
Besides cannabis, are there any objects that naturally contain THC? Not true. Humans and other animals have endocannabanoid receptors and produce two different cannabanoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). These both act on different receptors in the brain regulating things like pain response etc. THC and CBD are phytocannabanoids and will act on the endocannabanoid receptors. THC binds to the same receptor as AEA and CBD binds to the same receptor as 2-AG.
Pleading not guilty and then being found guilty. If someone's pleads not guilty to a crime (trial-worthy) and then through the court proceedings they're found guilty (no plea deal), shouldn't they also then be convicted of obstruction of justice or Perjury, or some other serious offense....? Assuredly this can then be overturned if the ruling is repealed... Let's assume this is a clear-cut, non-circumstantial case. e.g. They're caught on tape + DNA evidence + credible eye witness. A guilty plea is not under oath and is not testimony. It's also not a factual claim; in the context of a trial, it's really a statement that you're going to require the government to meet its obligation to convict you. So it's not perjury, which is false testimony.
Why do worms always congregate on the sidewalk after it rains? Worms can't stay above ground long on dry days, they'd dehydrate and die. When it rains they take that opportunity to try and cover a long (for a worm) distance to try and find some better dirt. Some of them end up on the sidewalk and get disoriented, they're not well adapted to an environment where they can't just burrow back down. The old claim that they come up to breathe isn't true, worms can survive fully submerged for a long time.
Why do places like Costco and Walmart mark your receipt at the door before to leave? Always confused me, and I don't see a logical purpose behind it. Guessing, but it's to make sure you can't come back in, collect the same goods as are on your receipt and leave with them a second time. If you try to leave with goods and a marked receipt, they know you're trying to steal them.
Why does reading in a moving vehicle cause motion sickness in some individuals? A little late to the party but I read something interesting on it a while back. The idea that prevails currently is that your brain has 3 (and a half?) ways of knowing whether or not you're moving. 1) it's telling your legs to move and they are 2) your inner ear says you are 3) your vision says you are (and a half: your peripheral vision says you are). If there is a mismatch on any of these fronts ie: you're in a car reading (legs say they're not moving, direct vision says you're not, peripheral says you are, and inner ear says it's confused depending on how bad the driver is) your brain wants to know why. Because your brain hasn't evolved as much as our modes of transportation have it can come up with only one explanation, you're being poisoned. The fastest way your brain has to get you unpoisoned is to forcefully eject whatever nasty thing you put in your face back out of your face bits. How much your brain actually believes it's being poisoned varies from person to person so not everybody gets car/ motion sick. Tldr Brain: wtf is happening guys? Legs/ears/eyes: yes things are a happen Brain: uuuuuhhhhh poison? Idk man just to be safe empty out whatever we just ate and we'll call it good.
Why can we have dozens of normal interactions and a few positive ones every day, but we fixate on the one negative one for hours? Because your brain's primary directive is survival. Good things, positive things, are normal and help your survival. In these cases, your brain did what it was supposed to, increase your chances of survival. But when a negative experience occurs, your brain turns on it's memory and activates other things which help you later on. This is your brain trying to prevent that negative thing from happening again. Whether it's social anxiety or being mugged. You think about it and feel strongly about it, because your brain wants you to, because it wants to prevent it from happening. That's why you think about what you could have done. Your brain wants to prepare you for if it happens again. It's simple survival. Everything we do or think has to do somehow with survival. Friends, food, sex, drugs, depression even. Depression is like your body going into a low energy state to protect itself. It doesn't care that that ends up making you suicidal. Suicidal thoughts are themselves a coping mechanism.
Why would Assad’s regime use chemical weapons, as opposed to conventional ones, which don't generate anywhere near the same international uproar and are presumably equally lethal, albeit less horrifically so? Every town exists for a reason. Some enterprise is producing something of value to someone outside the borders of the community, bringing in cash to support the town's local economy. If you flatten the town, your country loses it's largest producer of widgets. Generations of experience, tools and machinery evaporated. You still need widgets, but now someone has to kick out millions to rebuild the factory and the town around it to produce them within the country again, and even then it'll be a year before you're in production. Until you're producing again you'll have to pay double the price for imported widgets, which is made even more complicated when the US has 1000ft of freedom parked off your coast, enforcing a trade embargo. However, if you hit them with chemical weapons the property damage is trivial. Sure you lose the people, but they were lost anyway. With them out of the way more... cooperative people can be shipped in and widget production can begin as soon as they figure out where the light switches are. For experience, you can recruit cash-motivated foreigners like fabrication-mercenaries to train the new folks.
Do Glasses 'worsen' eye-sight? I have glasses, and I do admit, I got them yesterday... now, the thing is.. if I take them off, I can't see anything, at all... it all looks worse/blurry now! Is it because I'm already getting use to the glasses and anything other than them is weird? They do not worsen eyesight. But they make your eyes' job easier. Once you take them off, the eyes have to work hard to get a good image again. Since you have glasses, presumably they can't adjust sufficiently to see 'great' but they will work to get back to 'the best you can do.' The glasses do not contribute any lasting harm.
ELI5:Why do non-cyrillic languages not have direct phonetic translations? Why do languages that never natively used the cyrillic alphabet not have directly phonetic translations? For example in Mandarin, Xi is pronounced SHE... Why is it not translated phonetically? I think the word you're looking for is "transliterated" rather than "translated." Transliterations are the transformation of non-Latin script into its Latin equivalent. In the case of languages like Mandarin, there is a convention which is followed when transliterating names. However, the languages which use the Cyrillic alphabet aren't the only ones which usually garner phonetic transliterations. I read and write Hindi; the Latin-script derivations of Hindi are usually phonetic when read aloud by a somewhat knowledgeable English speaker. While I'm not familiar with Mandarin, I would guess that in some cases, transliterations don't always follow English conventions due to the presence of sounds or sound combinations which we don't have in our language. For instance, in Arabic, there is are multiple letters which approximate the "th" sound.
What are the cognitive benefits of reading? Why are we better off reading a book than watching an episode of a TV show, for instance? Do these benefits spill over into everyday life? I'm looking for answers related to the actual process of reading a book of any kind, not so much the raw knowledge that nonfiction has to offer. According to Patterns of Reading Practice 1996 by Terrance D. Paul practicing reading is the number one predictor of school performance and standardized test scores, beating socioeconomic status and parental education. Reading seems to be the brain's equivalent of weight training - you don't have to lift a lot of weight, but you have to practice it regularly and you'll get tremendous academic gains. Now, that doesn't sound that surprising when you consider that reading is done in basically every class. Being good at it because you have practiced doing it isn't that surprising either - practice a sport, an instrument, etc. and you'll get better and it will be easier, and eventually it will be fun rather than a chore. Doing something beneficial when it is also fun compounds the gains. Extensive reading is going to expose people to more words, which allows for understanding on another level - if you lack the word for something, then you can't have as many subtleties of meaning. Reading an hour a day will expose you to 4 million words per year. So vocabulary building is an essential benefit of reading, that is applicable in a variety of ways to learning. Reading allows people to experience things vicariously - reading will allow you to climb Mt. Everest from your armchair. Reading allows communication of knowledge, philosophy, etc. in ways that allow for re-reading, allowing comprehension that could be missed in seeing a video, lecture, etc. that happens and is gone. Going further, taking notes, writing in the book, figuring out just what the author is getting at and the devices they're using to get there can allow for a more complete understanding. There is a denseness in the highly literate work that would lead to confusion in a TV show, where the expectation is that it will be seen once and be gone. Reading can be slower and more deliberate.
What's the process to get into U.S from Mexico legally (immigrate)? It depends. The US will offer x amount of work visas every year for jobs where there are a shortage of American workers (it could be working on farms or being a doctor), student visas and travel visas (you don't need a visa to visit the US if you are Mexican) After you get your foot in the door you are only allowed to stay for until your visa expires. After that you are supposed to return. If you want to legally stay, you have to apply for permanent resident status (which means you are not a citizen, but are legally entitled to stay permanently [a green card]). This can by done a few ways. First, you can apply based on family ties, if you marry an American you can apply, if you are unmarried but are the offspring of an US citizen, etc. If you posses extraordinary capabilities or training, if it is of the national interest or if you belong to a group that is being persecuted and your country's government does not have control of the situation, or are a refugee you can apply for refugee status. If you belong to the last group the state department will investigate your case and grant or deny you asylum; all require an interview with US Citizenship and Immigration Services. Employers can also petition the government to grant x amount of visas to do x job because these jobs require workers to be in the US for extended periods of time and there are not enough people in the US that can do it. All th is does not grant you citizenship, it grants you the right to live in the US, you do not serve on jury duty, there are certain benefits you are not eligible for but you are fully protected by the constitution (even if you are here illegally). Generally, if you h ave no special skills then you will not be granted a green card.
Why do undercover cops still drive the ubiquitous "cop" car, and wear uniforms? You know when you see those black Ford sedans with the antennas out of the top? They're missing that cop paintjob, but when you pass them they're just sitting there in full uniform, in what is supposed to be an undercover police car. Why not have a fleet of PT Cruisers and Priuses and Escalades and Civics with plainclothes officers in them? Are the cops not allowed to be that sneaky? Those aren't undercover cops. They are just cops in unmarked cars. Generally police officers who aren't on patrol or doing traffic enforcement drive an unmarked car because it's less conspicuous. They aren't trying to hide, they just don't necessarily want to stand out or cause a commotion.
Why are they trying to remove Earth monitoring from NASA's budget? Neil Degrasse Tyson just mentioned his opinion on the matter in an AMA. What's the back story? A cynical view would be that they do not want to document climate change. A scientist recently complained that observations made years ago on arctic regions are no longer available online since the Trump administration to over. Without the ability to refer to how things were how can we tell they changed?
The American university system What exactly is a GPA and how does uni work over there? You seem to take loads of different subjects and not graduate within a specific timeframe. Here in the U.K. you apply for a certain subject and that's pretty much all you study and then you graduate, most courses are three years. In the US each class is worth a number of credits. The courses that are more time intensive are worth more credits. Your grade for that class is both a letter grade and a numerical grade. An A is a 4, B is a 3, C is a 2 etc.. So your GPA is the average of your grades. If i take a three credit class and get an A each of those credits counts as a 4. For my degree I will need a certain number of credits in different types of classes. Students can take any course that they satisfy the prerequisites for whether it goes toward their degree or not. Since we pay for each course ourselves. We can change which credits we are collecting to go for a different degree or multiple degrees if we choose to. That's the basics.
What is the point of underwear? It adds an extra layer of clothing protection from sweat and assorted bodily fluids. It makes the outer clothing last a bit longer. Notice how you buy more underwater than pants every year?
What happens if we're isolated for a long time? This guy probably has some mental illness, but he willingly lived in the woods alone for 27 years. They didn't find out much about his psychological state because he doesn't like to talk to anyone, but he had to spend time in jail for stealing some stuff while he was in the woods. Because of the noise and crowds, he said it was torture. Sorry this doesn't really answer your question, but it's the only example I know of of someone who was willingly isolated for a long period of time! https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/03/23/north-pond-hermit-finishes-court-program-maine/kaf019uywApzNZiFRBo9EO/story.html
What is the significance of the order of the alphabet? In general, there is no reason it's in that order. It needs to be in some order, since having a consistent order is necessary for many tasks such as sorting. The order for the current alphabet was adapted from an alphabet written by a monk in 1011 ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byrhtferth ) I'm not sure where he got his ordering. But it doesn't matter what the order is, as long as there is a consistently agreed upon ordering.
What's at the bottom of quicksand? That, or the bones of people past.
Is there a reason why the windows on airplanes are so low relative to where the seats are? Ideally, from an engineering point of view (especially with regard to preventing things like fatigue), there wouldn't be any windows at all. But it took designers a while to understand the risks. If you look at passenger aircraft from the first half of the 20th Century, they look more like buses, with big windows and lots of natural light in the cabin. Moving into the jet era, it soon became apparent that having big windows, or windows with square corners, or too many windows, or (seemingly) anything other than tiny, reinforced, rounded portholes, in a straight line on a certain point on the curve of the fuselage, could (and sadly did) lead to catastrophic failure and thus to crashes. So we end up with the kind of compromise we have now. If you think of the loads placed on an aircraft, and then imagine having to tell the engineers that you also need to punch a series of holes in it so people can have light, the least-worst solution with regard to not compromising the fuselage's integrity is to have them be small, rounded, and in a neat line along one particular part of the wall, which doesn't at all correspond with where you want to put the passenger cabin floor. If that makes it harder to see out of them, well, that's just tough, say the engineers, because while that's annoying, it's even more annoying to have the plane break up and fall out of the sky.
Why are soda cans 330 ml? Why not 300 or 350 ml, which is more pleasing to eye? In the US a standard tin for most things, from peas to beer, was 12oz. 12 US fluid ounces is 350ml. In Europe this was rounded down to 330ml to make it roughly 1/3 litre.
Why is it that the only way to get rid of garlic smell on my fingers is to rub them on stainless steel? I had personally never heard of this before so I had to look it up, "It makes sense that the sulfur from the onion/garlic/fish would be attracted to and bind with one or more of the metals in stainless steel. Formation of such compounds is what makes stainless steel stainless, after all. Onions and garlic contain amino acid sulfoxides, which form sulfenic acids, which then form a volatile gas (propanethiol S-oxide), which forms sulfuric acid upon exposure to water. These compounds are responsible for burning your eyes while cutting onions and also for their characteristic scent."
ELI5:How are some people charged for breaking US laws when they haven't even stepped a foot in the US to begin with. You're one to talk
Why do phone scammers call and ask if I'm over the age of 30 and unless one answers in the affirmative, they won't try to take their money and they'll just hang up instead? Old people would tend to have higher credit limits on their credit cards, so managing to get the card of someone under 30 might not be worth their time and effort.
ELI5:How did the term "fine" come to mean both something extremely detailed, pure and exact, as well as "just ok"? These sorts of words sort of go through a cycle of fading in their meaning. Because fine means things like pure and exact, describing something as being "fine" means "really good". But if we start using that word too much, over time it loses its impact, and describing something as being fine no longer actually sounds that remarkable any more. And so eventually it just becomes run of the mill. You can see this with lots of other synonyms for "really good". If you say something is "awesome" now, the reader/listener has to infer from context whether that means "ok" or "really good". For example, someone might say "awesome, thanks!" in response to "here's the link to that report you were looking for", and also to "I got us two tickets to your favourite band's sold out show you thought you'd missed". And even in that example, while you could "awesome, thanks" to the latter and have just how really awesome it is come across in your voice, in writing you'd probably worry about "awesome thanks" coming across as dismissive and would instead write "HOLY FUCKING SHIT that's so fucking awesome you are my hero man, thank you so fucking much!!!!!! Heart-emoji partyhat-emoji face-with-loveheart-eyes-emoji music-note-emoji heart-emoji heart-emoji" Because awesome on its own just doesn't mean what it used to. Also commonly seen in English is bad words coming in to replace the overused words for "really good". Even "awesome" would have in times past included a connotation of inducing fear, as would words like "terrific". "Sick" can be good, as can "wicked" and "bitchin'". Over time some of those words might become commonplace (probably not ones though), and then fade into mediocrity as "fine" already has and "awesome" is currently doing. All this is just a wonderful feature of language, that as people use it, meanings change, almost without us noticing. It's why "literally" now also means "figuratively" and "ironic" means like a million different things depending on context.
How do Top Gear keep "The Stig" character secret? They don't show who he is. That's about it. Then there are dozens of rumors so even if the real guy is revealed, people wouldn't know until it was confirmed somehow. Anyways, the Stig has been revealed several times in the shows history. When the identity is revealed they "kill off" the Stig and replace it with a new one. They aren't able to keep it secret for long.
Why so many websites have "age checks" that don't really do anything? I think it's more of a liability thing. It's so that if someone underage accesses some content they're not supposed to, and that person's parents try to sue the website, the website can say "Well it's not our fault, we asked them their age and they said they were at least 18!"
How can they show faces on shows like "To Catch A Predator" when the people explicitly ask not to be on TV? I have been on a recent kick of watching NBC Dateline's To Catch A Predator. From what I understand, when filming people in public, for the most part you require consent from the individual to show that film publicly. Youtube prank videos, social experiments, Television shows, etc. all show examples of people that either consent to their face being shown publicly, or examples of blurred out faces due to lack of consent. My question is: How is it that there are some criminals on "To Catch a Predator" that explicitly say, while on camera, "I don't want to be filmed" and hide their faces, yet NBC (or whoever) still have the right to show their faces? Is it because they are incarcerated and therefore lose that right? From what I understand, when filming people in public, for the most part you require consent from the individual to show that film publicly. Largely, if you are outside and in public, you have a right to capture images in plain view. There can be restrictions on locations available to plain view from public, but which are areas with an expectation of privacy (from the street into someone's bedroom window, or a locker room, for instance). The rules for private property can vary based on the consent of the owner, you can't trespass and film, since you're violating their expectation of privacy (well, and trespassing). Rules for conversations may differ, for instance wiretap laws may prohibit recording conversation without the consent of all parties. That being said, public recording has been somewhat contentious of late, and what your rights are, versus how your rights are presented to you (for instance by police or offended persons) may vary. Additionally, more specific laws for your jurisdiction may vary.
Why do humans need to learn how to swim while many other mammals seem to instinctively know how? Humans also instinctively know how to swim. It's just that we're too smart to realize it and start fumbling and panicking like crazy in water, instead of letting basic instincts kick in. Nobody ever taught me how to tread water and stay afloat for example, but I sure know how to do it!
: As an overweight male, why it's better for me to gain muscle via weights to lose weight than to do just cardio & reducing calorie intake It isn't. You should do weights and cardio and reduce caloric intake. Better yet do some intermittent fasting, cut out all sugar, drop carbs to around 100-150 grams per day, and increase good fat intake. If you can restrict all consumption of anything but water to a 10 hour period every day you will be even more successful. It's a synergistic effect. Larger muscles consume more energy which means less of your caloric intake gets stored as fat.
Why does it "hurt" when you swing at a baseball but miss? Basically your brain analyses from past experience how much force you need to swing with to hit the ball, and usually goes overboard because you want to hit it hard. If you're just swinging in the air without an aim to hit anything, you're using less force. Not connecting with the ball means the bat has excess force from the energy you put into it, making it swing further than expected because the force hasn't been transferred to the ball, and overextending or otherwise stretching our muscles which causes the pain.
How did the sword become so popular? The sword (or some version of it) is everywhere. It's in video games, movies, books and throughout history it seems that the sword over most all other weapons retains some sort of use even after they become obsolete weapons of war. So how did the sword become so popular? Were there other weapons that were more popular in different periods of history for various purposes? Does the use of armor lessen the popularity of sword use? The sword is a side arm which meant that it could be carried in normal daily life, and it would often mark the wearer as landed gentry who might kill you for dishonoring him. Dueling with swords was popular long after the sword itself became obsolete. It was a status symbol for thousands of years and when things are symbols for that long it's hard to get over them. As side arms go the sword is more or less perfect. Because the center of gravity is close to the hand the sword allows much freer and faster motion than other weapons such as the axe. One could argue that axe plus shield is about as good as sword plus shield but a lone sword would almost certainly defeat a lone axe. Sword of course are not terribly useful against armor and that is why the main weapon in the middle ages would be pole arms. But you can't walk around town carrying a halberd. Swords could still be useful enough against most armor if you could use it as a lever or get into weak spots.
How exactly does dry cleaning work? (And are dry clean-only labels a scam?) I've always been a bit confused on this one - even more with places that offer BOTH dry cleaning and basic laundering. Dry Cleaning Shop Owner reporting in! Cabtab314 is correct, (we use a solvent called Perc in the UK), and yes because Perc is a solvent the garments get thoroughly "wet" but the solvent evaporates in the dry cleaning process. In regards to your other question, we have a huge issue with dry clean labels... Many companies put Dry Clean only on their brand because it has a reputation for being a gentler clean, even though solvent is heavier than water and the machine uses the same/similar mechanical action as a washing machine, the solvent just doesn't take as much life from the garment. Sadly though, many clothes get the dry clean classification approved before they add a lot of the decorations. Dresses with beading that has been glued on will generally... Not... End... Well... But yes, you can wash a lot of dry clean only garments, just on a cold wash with a very small amount of detergent. Suit jackets with padded shoulders look dreadful if you wash them though! I hate this industry sometimes! 😂
Why do countries which aren't even at war, spend billions upon billions of dollars every year to fund the military Well if you have a really large military, thats a pretty big deterrent for anyone to go to war against you. You have a huge military, ready to go and kick some ass. If you have a large military and someone else doesn't if you choose to go to war, you can smash them. You're ready to go, you can get in tons and tons of sucker punches, if not a knockout, before the other side can even get into the game. So two things: Having a large military is as much about NOT going to war as it is about the potential to win one if it ever does happen, both outcomes are good. to further add on, since at least the late 1800s "mobilization" was one of the most important aspect of a military. That is the first country to be able to get their military together, ready, and in the action, has a decisive advantage. Spending large amounts of money and having a large ready to go military provides that. This was a huge lesson of the Franco-Prussian War , and WWI, and after how effective and mandatory military planners saw it in those conflicts, the thought of not being very very ready is just wrong.
Why does the 72 hour hold for a voluntary psychiatric commitment exclude weekends and holidays? Chances are, even if your girlfriend went in voluntarily, if she is placed on a hold, then she will be held involuntarily for 72 hours. If she readily admits to being a danger to herself or others, she will very likely be put on a hold and transferred to a facility for treatment. If she does not meet the criteria for a hold, she should be released, as far as I'm aware. I'm certain recommendations will be made for her to follow and resources will be made known to her. You are correct, those 72 hours will not begin until she is given a Psych eval at the emergency room by whoever is on at that time. The Psychiatrist will write his recommendations, whether that is a hold or otherwise and she will be either released outright or released to a facility for processing and treatment. This is a tough situation to be in, hang in there, both of you. Source(s): Was an EMT, family who work in hospitals.
How do Casinos Prevent Money Laundering? Op, I've seen you try to correct several people answering your question correctly. Don't ask a question you're not going to listen to the answer to.
Why do you sometimes get the urge to jump when you stand on the edge of something extremely high? I'm not 100% sure about this, but I read an interesting theory a while back that basically goes like this: Imagine you're holding a baby. You have a sudden, crazy urge to drop the baby. You imagine dropping the baby and how much it'll hurt him/her. Imagining what would happen causes you to hold onto the baby more tightly, as you're suddenly more aware of what the negative consequences of dropping the baby would be. It's similar to when you're on the edge of something very high. You look over the edge and feel an irrational urge to jump. You imagine what would happen if you stepped off (you die). With you becoming more aware/focused on the danger of falling off, you are therefore more cautious and therefore less likely to actually jump/fall off.
Why do employers ask you to resign instead of just firing you? In the U.S., in most places, at least, if you resign then it is harder to get unemployment. If they fire you, it is easier to get unemployment. Also, for higher end jobs or jobs under contract/with union protections, there are often ways to contest being fired, which can make the process longer and more expensive. If you resign, that's avoided. It can also make it harder for you to come back later and claim that they wronged you in some way as part of lawsuit since they can say that you left voluntarily.
Are the White House press briefings usually this hostile? It always appears Spicer is upset with media and vise versa. I never heard any briefings under Obama administration so I just don't know if this is normal. To be the White House press secretary is the highest level of bullshit artist a man can attain. It is their whole job to spin the President's daily actions and inactions into something everyone can understand. The good ones are like lawyers, they never lie, but get real creative when telling their truth. Since most of the reporters in the room are regulars, a rapport and trust is established. Relationships can be be leveraged so the WH can ask a reporter with a hot lead: "Sit on this for a week and we'll give you an exclusive", or "Please don't fuck this deal up for us, if you spin it our way, we'll bring you along to Kandahar". Sean Spicer seems to lack the artistry and charm it takes to develop an individual relationship that gets reporters to forgive briefing fuckups. If he was more friendly, perhaps folks in the room would be more willing ignore the "Largest Inauguration" claims and move on in the spirit of cooperation. But he's not. He isn't the first shit press secretary we've had, nor will he be the last. However, he does seem to be on-track to be the longest-serving shit press secretary, so there's that.
ELI5:How do documentaries like Drugs, Inc. convince drug dealers to film them? Documentarian here, though definitely not for that type of thing. I would imagine it is a mix of a) finding the right person who wants to talk, which may be after asking a lot of people who refuse, b) offering them money, and c) offering them anonymity. I've never seen that particular series, but I assume the faces and names are removed. You would have to do it the right way, and of course there are moral questions involved, but I'm sure there is a way to do it that can ensure anonymity. As for point a), I think people are surprised how often you might find people who want to paint their particular situation in realistic terms. But again, I imagine it also is a matter of looking a lot for that one person in so many who consent to it... or essentially say screw it, free money. I can tell someone they get $1,000 for 15 minutes of their time and we'll blur their face. 1 out of 10 drug dealers (or maybe more) will say yes. I'm guessing. But if I started, after really doing my research and having a good lawyer, that's how I would try.
Why does being molested as a child trigger so many predictable negative behaviors later in life? There are numerous predictable negative outcomes that are a consequence of childhood sexual abuse. What is it about that particular type of abuse that changes people on such a fundamental level? Why is it SO psychologically damaging? Does the brain actually change as a result? Please ELI5. You lose a sense of yourself as a being separate from the abuser. Your self worth only comes from your relationship with that person. This carries into other relationships. Abusers are good at convincing you that they love you, but they also hurt you. You associate love with abuse. Ypu both want to be loved and fear how much pain love brings. This carries into other relationships. Most times, other people know what's going on but dont help you. You learn thst you can't trust anyone. This carries into other relationships. You get manipulated into keeping quiet. This teaches you to not share anything with anyone. This carries into other relationships. Basically, abuse (whether sexual or emotional or physical) screws up how you relate to everyone on the most fundamental levels. This is especially true when the abuser is within the child's circle of trust (which is the vast majority of cases, the kidnap-rape situation happens, but not nearly so much). I feel like I didn't convey just how fundamental the twisting is in these situations. I've been in therapy for decades trying to change my learned behaviors and... it's only a little bit effective.
10% of Switzerland's population are millionaires? I was browsing percentage of people who are millionaires in each country and I noticed that Switzerland had a very high percentage of people who were millionaires, much much higher than other countries, so I was wondering what would be the reason for that? Do they have better opportunities for talented people? % of people who are millionaires in each country > Two main reason: 1) Switzerland stayed out of WWI and WWII, and 2) they experience great economic freedom with low tax burden – especially for foreign millionaires. 1) Wars are extremely costly. When most of Europe and the western world ruined just about all of the wealth they attained during the industrial revolution Switzerland did not. Before Switzerland wasn't a rich country, after it was. Some claim it's because they stole gold from the Jews but that's just a tiny fraction of the bigger picture. 2) A lot of countries in Europe have economic problems and as a result increase taxes. Rich people are the first to jump ship when a country experience difficulties and they are not known to love high taxes. Switzerland have open doors for tax refugees and as a result a lot of rich people relocate there.
Why do you need a Master's Degree to become a librarian, especially when the median salary is barely above $50,000? On Jeopardy tonight, one of the contestants stated that he obtained a Masters Degree online just to become a librarian. It depends on what type of Librarian you are talking about. Librarians assistants are generally just the people who learn about librarian functions and are the people who put the books away, do general checkout functions, so on and so forth. Librarians, are generally like supervisors. They oversee the librarian's assistants and do daily work such as general supervision, overseeing a libraries general functions in addition to just checking out books, and organizing the Libraries overall day to day affairs. Ordering new books, processing new releases, so on and so forth... Librarian Managers are usually overseeing multiple installations, or even non-traditional library resources. Sometimes Museums will have libraries or specialty function libraries such as University libraries. Also, this is where you will start to get into special functions such as document maintenance, archival and care. Larger institutions such as University libraries have VERY LARGE collections, spanning 100s of thousands of pieces, in multiple different departments, more than 1 single Librarian and their assistants can adequately manage. Then you have Librarian Directors. When Libraries get so large that they have multiple departments, you need a Director level, who typically will be overseeing the business side of opening and maintaining either large University Libraries, or entire systems of local libraries. Take a single City... You could have 20 or more libraries within a system that serves that city, as well as manages several school library's contents and local municipal libraries. You'll have 1 Director, Several Managers, and at least 2-5 Librarians per library itself. That level of staffing, needs proper management. So when you are getting your Masters in Library Science, some of the courses are also business management skills as well as advanced Librarians systems classes. Document restoration, special documents care, archival systems... these are not simple procedures that can just be taught on the fly, several years of education is needed to make sure that not only does the library stay properly stocked, but also that you can handle the challenges of maintaining books, relics, artifacts and everything else that may walk in your door. edit: In addition to my normal post, like I said there are many other positions inside libraries that require specialized training and having someone that has been properly trained is a necessity, regardless of how much you make. /u/maybeitsmeh - Handles copyright, contracts, resources used in courses, assists professors and course designers, has spoken on learning topics and libraries as a part of legislation for the state, has co-authored books, and participates in research. /u/efs001 - I took management, legal issues for librarians, and digital preservation course in addition to the traditional reference, information organization, and collection development. I also took classes in archival description and arrangement, archival appraisal, and metadata which are very applicable to my job. I also help my patrons navigate copyright issues that are quite complex when you work in an archive. edit 2: Woot! FP of ELI5 w/ top comment. First time ever! edit 3: WOW! Actual FP! amazing! I've never been here before... I feel everyone deserves puppies! edit 4: This comment went gold! thank you anonymous redditor!
just why salt and pepper are added to so many recipes. Holy shit! Table salt is amazing! It does two incredibly important things in cooking: It breaks down and releases sodium when it dissolves in your mouth. The sodium bonds to one of the major flavour receptors in your mouth (i.e. salty flavour). This has a synergistic effect on other foods; particularly savoury flavours (see point 2). It draws moisture out of foods, speeding up the caramelisation of sugars/carbohydrates in food. In food chemistry terms, these are called Malliard reactions. In ELI5 terms, it helps foods (particularly meats) brown and give that delicious seared flavour. These seared flavours activate other flavour receptors (particularly umami/savoury receptors, and sweetness receptors). It's like a sensory gang-bang in your mouth. Pepper contains glutamic acid (an umami/savoury flavour) and activates heat sensors in your mouth. It's like a bit of nitro for your taste buds.
(Eli5) what's the difference between all wheel drive, symmetrical all wheel drive (remember this from a commercial, Subaru I think) and 4 wheel drive? First 4WD vs AWD. 4WD is generally used in Trucks and SUVs and is generally not an "all the time" thing, it is just engaged when it is necessary. What takes place is a mechanical locking of the differentials to ensure that all 4 wheels rotate "as one". what this means is all 4 wheels are rotating the same amount which aids significantly in loss of traction scenarios, but you definitely DON'T WANT during daily driving. Wheels need to be able to rotate at individual speeds especially when making turns otherwise tires will get destroyed at best, or at worst you'll end up in an accident or end up destroying the vehicle's drivetrain. AWD utilizes limited slip differentials to enable the engine to drive all 4 wheels at once, which is a happy medium for cars that often find themselves in icy situations. LSDs allow the wheels to rotate at different speeds. now what Subaru offers that others don't: symmetry. The vast majority of a manufacturers lineup is front wheel drive vehicles and then for a premium, you can add AWD functionality. What does this mean? They take their front wheel drive car and slap on a drive shaft and an extra differential and tada, AWD. Subaru only makes AWD vehicles (except for the BRZ which is RWD only) and therefore they make the vehicle with the purpose of being AWD from the beginning. Now in the average vehicle, you have a transversely mounted engine which means the power from the engine comes out towards the driver's side front wheel, That power then needs to turn 90 degrees back towards the rear of the car, 90 degrees again towards the passenger's side, then once in the center, 90 degrees again towards the rear of the car. Every time you have to change the direction of the power, you lose power and create lag. Subaru's use of a boxer engine allows them to not need to change power direction at all before heading towards the rear of the car... therefore the entire drive train and by consequence power output is completely symmetrical. What does this actually buy you? Well Subaru claims a better AWD system; at any rate it certainly buys you more of your engine's power making it to the wheels and slightly quicker.
What causes the 'beating' sound in your ear when you lie in bed with your ear against the pillow? You're hearing your own heartbeat.
Why is there a statute of limitations? The difficulty of prosecuting a crime years after the event is absolute pain in the backside. Do you recall what you had for breakfast a week ago Do you recall what you had for breakfast a week and 21 years ago. Human memory is fragile. that's the first point Then we get into the logistic of a trial 20+ years after the event now officer Murphy the officer who discovered the crime and took information is in Alaska and retired officer jimmy has degenerative brain disorder, officer jones was on his first few days and had no idea what was going down. officer tom died three year after the crime Getting them in for this case also cost money and court time that is needed for all of today's crimes (all of today's crimes that the state or crown can win other wise the DA or CPS will drop the case) The witnesses are even harder to track, even if they can recall it. and we do kinda need them to have the look of a trial that any defense lawyer can't just break over his knee. Edit can you tell I did one of these...

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