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question
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| choices
sequence | answer
class label 4
classes |
|---|---|---|
Which of the following does not occur with increasing age?
| [
"A reduction in lean body mass",
"A reduction in bone density",
"An increased appetite",
"Impaired immune function"
]
| 2C
|
Intestinal lactase deficiency leads to lactose maldigestion which subsequently can lead to lactose intolerance, i.e. causing clinical symptoms. Infants and children normally express sufficient lactase levels as not to experience clinical symptoms. Overall, adults can be classified as lactase-persisters or lactase non-persisters. What is the approximate percentage of Lactase non-persisters worldwide?
| [
"45%-50%",
"70%-75 %",
"10%-15%",
"30%-35%"
]
| 1B
|
Which of the treatments below has not demonstrated efficacy in BED
| [
"Cognitive Behavioural Therapy",
"Antidepressants (Fluoxetine, Sertraline)",
"Antiobesity agents (Orlistat, Sibutramine)",
"Benzodizepines (Diazepam, Alprazolam)"
]
| 3D
|
Bariatric surgery is used for obesity treatment but how much is the incidence of type 2 diabetes reduced in obese individuals after surgery?
| [
"80-90%",
"No reduction in the incidence",
"Approximately 50 %",
"None of the options given is correct"
]
| 0A
|
Which of the following foods do not contain free sugars
| [
"Cows' milk",
"Natural unsweetened orange juice",
"Honey",
"Agave nectar"
]
| 0A
|
What characteristic is not representative of a type IIb muscle fibre?
| [
"Low oxidative capacity",
"High fatigue resistance",
"High motor unit strength",
"Fast contractile speed"
]
| 1B
|
Which of the following statements is not true?
| [
"Vegan diets are likely to be deficient in protein",
"Cereals are deficient in lysine",
"Legumes are deficient in methionine",
"Dairy products are rich source of tryptophan"
]
| 0A
|
Observational epidemiology studies have produced useful in identifying health effects of many food contaminants, but not for assessing risk, because:
| [
"It is never possible to know whether observed effects are caused by the contaminant",
"Human exposure though food is usually much less than exposures that have been studied",
"Controlled animal studies provide more reliable information",
"Reliable dose-response data are difficult to acquire and often unavailable"
]
| 3D
|
What is the density of fat free mass?
| [
"0.900 g/cm3",
"0.730 g/cm3",
"1.100 g/cm3",
"None of the above"
]
| 2C
|
It is possible to reduce (though not eliminate) information bias in assessment of dietary intake by
| [
"gathering information about many different aspects of people's dietary habits.",
"collecting data about dietary intake at the onset of a study, before people have experienced symptoms of disease.",
"collecting data on all possible confounders.",
"making sure that the study sample is representative of the population."
]
| 1B
|
Which of the factors below is NOT considered a risk factor for Eating Disorders
| [
"Perfectionism traits",
"Female gender",
"Dieting during adolescence",
"Parental anxiety"
]
| 3D
|
Which of the following is not a function of vitamin D?
| [
"Lipid-soluble antioxidant in cell membranes",
"Fast responses to increase calcium absorption with no change in gene expression",
"Regulation of differentiation of adipocytes",
"Regulation of bone turnover"
]
| 0A
|
Which of the following amino acids cannot provide a substrate for gluconeogenesis?
| [
"Leucine",
"Tryptophan",
"Histidine",
"isoleucine"
]
| 0A
|
What nutritional strategies will not improve performance during prolonged endurance type exercise?
| [
"Carbohydrate loading",
"Tapering",
"The classic glycogen loading regime",
"Exogenous carbohydrate ingestion during exercise"
]
| 2C
|
Which of the following is not a reason for increased risk of vitamin or mineral deficiencies among older people in high income countries?
| [
"Low income so decreased ability to purchase nutrient-rich foods",
"Decreased mobility and little time spend outdoors in the sunshine",
"Decreased intrinsic factor in the stomach",
"High nutrient requirements for tissue turnover"
]
| 3D
|
Which of the following is not considered a diagnostic feature of Anorexia Nervosa
| [
"Depressive symptoms",
"Significant Weight Loss",
"Body Image Distortion",
"Fear of becoming fat"
]
| 0A
|
Which of the following is not a function of vitamin A
| [
"Synthesis of the blood clotting proteins",
"Activation of vitamin D receptors",
"Activation of thyroid hormone receptors",
"Regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation"
]
| 0A
|
Which of the following is not a beneficial effect of exercise in people with diabetes:
| [
"Reduction of triglycerides",
"Hypoglycaemia",
"increase of insulin sensitivity",
"help controlling hypertension"
]
| 1B
|
Which of the following cannot be a substrate for gluconeogenesis?
| [
"Glutamic acid",
"Aspartic acid",
"Palmitic acid",
"Galactose"
]
| 2C
|
The intake of which minerals is not affected by high intakes of foods containing phytic acid?
| [
"Calcium",
"Potassium",
"Zinc",
"Iron"
]
| 1B
|
The pathogenesis of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes includes all the following mechanisms except for:
| [
"Increased glucose production by the liver",
"Impaired insulin secretion",
"Decreased glucose uptake from the skeletal muscle",
"All of the options given are correct"
]
| 3D
|
Inviduals suffering from inhalant allergies may also react to cross- reacting food allergens. A person suffering from a natural latex allergy might not react to one of the following allergens
| [
"avocado",
"mango",
"peach",
"figs"
]
| 3D
|
Which of the following in not a zinc-dependent enzyme?
| [
"Superoxide dismutase",
"Alkaline phosphatase",
"Glutathione peroxidase",
"DNA polymerase"
]
| 2C
|
Occasionally infants are born without a normally functioning immune system. What are the signs most suggestive of a severe combined immunodeficiency?
| [
"Recurrent severe infections",
"Family history of unexplained death in infancy",
"Generalised spread of the Tuberculosis strain BCG after vaccination",
"All of the options given are correct"
]
| 3D
|
Which life-style factors do not confound the interpretation of the health of vegetarians compared with meat-eaters?
| [
"Smoking habit",
"Social class/position",
"Physical activity",
"Age"
]
| 3D
|
Which of the following has not at one point in the past few decades been considered as a cause of the oedema of kwashiorkor?
| [
"Altered composition of intestinal bacteria",
"Low intake of antioxidant nutrients",
"Sudden weaning from the breast",
"Iron deficiency"
]
| 3D
|
Which of the following is not a non-coding RNA?
| [
"mRNA",
"tRNA",
"rRNA",
"miRNA"
]
| 0A
|
The UNICEF model of the causes of malnutrition identifies several levels of causes: immediate, underlying and basic. Which of the following is not one of the underlying causes in the UNICEF model?
| [
"Insufficient rainfall for agriculture",
"Inadequate access to food",
"Inadequate care for mothers and children",
"Insufficient health services and unhealthy environment"
]
| 0A
|
Which of the following proteins is not involved in the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine?
| [
"NPC1L1",
"LDL receptor",
"ACAT2",
"ABCG5/G8"
]
| 1B
|
Which of the following statements is not true?
| [
"Docosahexaenoic acid can be synthesised from linolenic acid in vegans",
"Docosahexaenoic acid is absent from vegan diets",
"Lack of docosahexaenoic acid in vegans causes visual and cognitive impairment",
"Microalgae can be used to synthesise docosahexaenoic acid"
]
| 2C
|
The WHO made a strong recommendation that the maximum intake of free sugars by individuals within populations should be
| [
"<5%",
"5-10%",
"<10%",
">10%"
]
| 2C
|
Which diseases are not less frequent among vegetarians?
| [
"Respiratory diseases",
"Colorectal cancer",
"Ischaemic heart disease",
"Diverticular disease"
]
| 0A
|
Although theoretically any food protein could act as a food allergen, there are eight major food allergens in Europe and North America which account for most of the allergic triggers observed in childhood. Which of the allergens pairings contains an allergen, which is not part of the group of eight major allergens?
| [
"Cow's milk, egg",
"Mustard seeds, lamb,",
"Soy, peanuts",
"Fish, shellfish"
]
| 1B
|
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