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HP ProBook
The HP ProBook is a line of business-oriented laptop computers made by Hewlett-Packard (HP Inc.). HP marketed the ProBook series to business users; the list price was lower than that of HP's higher-end EliteBook series.
History
S-Series (discontinued in 2012)
In April 2009, HP introduced the ProBook s-series (standard/essential) notebooks, which consisted of the Intel powered 4410s, 4510s, and 4710s (14", 15.6", and 17.3" screens, respectively) and the AMD powered 4415s and 4515s (14" and 15.6" screens, respectively). This was followed by the introduction of the 13.3" ProBook 4310s in June of the same year.
The s-series was updated in 2010 with Intel Core i3, i5, and i7 processors, a brushed aluminum case, chiclet keyboard, and multi-touch ClickPad. Updates to the line in 2012 included a new exterior aluminum design.
4x1xs
ProBook 4310s
ProBook 4311s
ProBook 4410s
ProBook 4411s
ProBook 4510s
ProBook 4710s
ProBook 4415s
ProBook 4416s
ProBook 4515s
4x2xs
ProBook 4320s
ProBook 4321s
ProBook 4420s
ProBook 4421s
ProBook 4520s
ProBook 4720s
ProBook 4325s
ProBook 4326s
ProBook 4425s
ProBook 4525s
4x3xs
ProBook 4230s
ProBook 4330s
ProBook 4331s
ProBook 4430s
ProBook 4431s
ProBook 4520s
ProBook 4530s
ProBook 4730s
ProBook 4435s
ProBook 4436s
ProBook 4535s
4x4xs
ProBook 4340s
ProBook 4341s
ProBook 4440s
ProBook 4441s
ProBook 4540s
ProBook 4740s
ProBook 4445s
ProBook 4446s
ProBook 4545s
B-Series (discontinued in 2012)
The ProBook B-series was announced on October 13, 2009, replacing the previous HP Compaq B-series with similar design in early models. All models still have a CD drive bay, docking port, pointstick options, screen latches, draining holes, easy-replaceable battery with additional slice options, TPM chip, socketed CPU, WLAN options and 2 RAM slots.
Two AMD powered models were announced in 2009 — the 14" ProBook 6445b and the 15.6" Probook 6545b; Their Intel powered counterparts were announced three months later as the 14" ProBook 6440b and the 15.6" Probook 6540b.; and the next-year upgrade is a AMD-powered 6455b and 6555b, and Intel-based 6450b and 6550b.
The B-series design was updated in 2011 with the Intel-powered 6460b and 6560b, and the AMD-powered 6465b and in 2012 with the Intel-powered 6470b and 6570b, and the AMD-powered 6475b. The updated sibling EliteBook line had an additional magnesium frame under screen top lid, the keyboard LED-backlight, the aluminum bottom-cover, the 17" workstation version and the additional security options.
6x4xb
ProBook 6440b
ProBook 6540b
ProBook 6445b
ProBook 6545b
6x5xb
ProBook 6450b
ProBook 6550b
ProBook 6455b
ProBook 6555b
6x6xb
ProBook 6360b
ProBook 6460b
ProBook 6560b
ProBook 6465b
ProBook 6565b
6x7xb
ProBook 6470b
ProBook 6570b
ProBook 6475b
M-Series (discontinued in 2011)
HP launched the 5310m in September 2009 as a line of compact mid-range 12" and 13" ProBooks without CD-drive bay. The 5310m was enclosed by an aluminum and magnesium case, weighed under four pounds, and was less than an inch thick.
The M-series was updated in September 2010 with a 5320m, closely followed with the release of the 5330m in May 2011 which featured a dual-tone aluminum chassis and Beats Audio.
5x1xm
ProBook 5310m
5x2xm
ProBook 5220m
ProBook 5320m
5x3xm
ProBook 5330m
G-Series
HP launched the G0 series in 2013. The computers are enclosed in an aluminium and magnesium case. The G1 series succeeded in 2014.
The first digit is a class of laptop (4## — entry, 6## — mid-class models), second digit is a display size (#3# for 13.3", #4# for 14.1", #5# for 15.6" and #7# for 17.3"). The third is an additional mark, like a ##5 for AMD-based model.
G0
ProBook 440 G0
ProBook 450 G0
ProBook 470 G0
G1
This line have a low-end siblings (15.6" HP 350 G1 and 14.1" HP 340 G1). The 4## models is entry line. and 6## is a mid-range models with aluminum and magnesium case.
ProBook x360 11 G1 EE
ProBook 430 G1
ProBook 440 G1
ProBook 450 G1
ProBook 470 G1
ProBook 445 G1
ProBook 455 G1
ProBook 640 G1
ProBook 650 G1
ProBook 645 G1
ProBook 655 G1
Pro x2 410 G1
Pro x2 612 G1
G2
This line have similar siblings.
ProBook x360 11 G2 EE
ProBook 430 G2
ProBook 440 G2
ProBook 450 G2
ProBook 470 G2
ProBook 445 G2
ProBook 455 G2
ProBook 640 G2
ProBook 650 G2
ProBook 645 G2
ProBook 655 G2
Pro x2 410 G2
Pro x2 612 G2
G3
ProBook x360 11 G3 EE
ProBook 430 G3
ProBook 440 G3
ProBook 446 G3
ProBook 450 G3
ProBook 470 G3
ProBook 455 G3
ProBook 640 G3
ProBook 650 G3
ProBook 645 G3
ProBook 655 G3
G4
ProBook x360 11 G4 EE
ProBook 430 G4
ProBook 440 G4
ProBook 450 G4
ProBook 470 G4
ProBook 455 G4
ProBook 640 G4
ProBook 650 G4
ProBook 645 G4
ProBook 645 G4 Pakistan
G5
ProBook x360 11 G5 EE
ProBook 430 G5
ProBook 440 G5
ProBook x360 440 G1
ProBook 450 G5
ProBook 470 G5
ProBook 455 G5
ProBook 640 G5
ProBook 650 G5
G6
ProBook x360 11 G6 EE
ProBook 430 G6
ProBook 440 G6
ProBook 450 G6
ProBook 445 G6
ProBook 445R G6
ProBook 455R G6
G7
HP ProBook x360 435 G7 13.3-inch 2-in-1 was announced on January 16, 2020.
ProBook 430 G7
ProBook 440 G7
ProBook 450 G7
ProBook 445 G7
ProBook 455 G7
G8
These are the ProBooks that have been released in Generation 8.
ProBook 430 G8
ProBook 440 G8
ProBook 450 G8
ProBook x360 435 G8
ProBook 445 G8
ProBook 455 G8
ProBook x360 435 G8
ProBook 630 G8
ProBook 640 G8
ProBook 650 G8
ProBook 635 Aero G7
Timeline of releases
See also
Competing laptop lines include:
Acer TravelMate
Dell Latitude and Vostro
Lenovo ThinkPad and ThinkBook
Fujitsu Lifebook
References
External links
HP Official Site
How to Screenshot on HP Laptop
Hp Laptop
ProBook
Consumer electronics brands
Computer-related introductions in 2009 | laptop Build Quality | 0.39 | 14,200 |
Compaq SLT
Compaq SLT was a line of laptop computers made by Compaq. The SLT series was the successor to the Portable III and the predecessor to the more well known Compaq LTE. Two models were produced in the SLT series. The first model, named SLT/286, released on October 17, 1988, is considered to be one of the most notable units in laptop history due to its battery life and superior performance compared to competing models. It is also notable for being Compaq’s first laptop computer. The SLT/286 had a 12 MHz Harris or Intel 80C286 processor (both brands were used throughout the SLT/286’s production) and a grayscale VGA LCD screen, the very first laptop with this feature. The price started at $5,399 for the base-model.
The second model, the SLT 386s/20, was released in 1990, and featured a 386SX 20MHz CPU, versus the 286 12MHz CPU of the SLT/286. It also came with 2MB of RAM standard, compared to the 640KB the SLT/286 came with, and a 60 or 120MB hard disk drive, rather than the 20 or 40MB options the SLT/286 offered.
Docking Station Capability
The SLT line was marketed as a desktop replacement and had a matching docking station, which allowed two standard ISA boards to be used with the SLT.
The docking station retailed for $999.
Models
Battery life
Compaq's main marketing message for the SLT range was its battery life, up to 3-hours minimum. Compaq mentioned this feature in almost all of the SLT literature. Moreover, Compaq released an external battery charger to enable the business user to charge up multiple batteries.
Clones
Victor Technologies offered a clone of the SLT/386 model, model Grid 386PX (BV30E01A). Whilst the Grid 386PX looks slightly different, it was unclear whether the Grid 386PX was a true clone or an alternative OEM product.
Acer also offered a clone, known as the AnyWare 1100LX.
References
SLT
SLT
Computer-related introductions in 1988
Articles containing video clips | laptop Build Quality | 0.389 | 14,201 |
Surface Laptop (1st generation)
The Surface Laptop is a laptop computer designed by Microsoft as part of the company's Surface line of personal computing devices.
The laptop was announced at the #MicrosoftEDU event by Microsoft on May 2, 2017, alongside Windows 10 S and an updated version of Surface Arc Mouse that includes a large capacitive surface. It became available for pre-order on the same day, and began shipping on June 15, 2017.
Configuration
Features
7th generation Intel Kaby Lake CPU.
Intel HD and Iris Graphics GPU
Alcantara fabric keyboard with a 1.5mm travel backlit keys
Windows 10 S operating system
13.5-inch PixelSense display with a 3:2 aspect ratio
14.5 hour battery life
110.6 MBps SSD
Integrated vapor chambers into the aluminum finish
Hardware
The Surface Laptop is the 5th addition to Surface lineup, following the Surface Pro, Surface Hub, Surface Book, and the Surface Studio. Unlike the other products, the Surface Laptop is aimed toward students. Microsoft claims a 14.5-hour battery life when running Windows 10 S, but testing suggests that the battery can be depleted to 50% in just 2.5 hours. It comes in four colors: Platinum, Graphite Gold, Burgundy, and Cobalt Blue as advertised.
It has a 13.5-inch "PixelSense" Display at 2256 × 1504 using a 3:2 aspect ratio. It features a 10-point touch screen along with Surface Pen support. Unlike other ultra-portables by Microsoft, this does not feature any sort of detachment mechanism from the keyboard.
The Surface Laptop uses seventh-generation "Kaby Lake" processors, with both Intel Core i5 and i7 variants. It uses Intel HD Graphics 620 on the Core i5 version, while the Core i7 model uses Intel Iris Plus 640.
Three system memory options are available at purchase: 4, 8, and 16 GB and three SSD options: 128, 256, and 512 GB. These cannot be upgraded in the future. The SSD has a transfer speed of 110.6 Mbit/s, which is quite slow when compared to its competitors.
The Surface Laptop cannot be opened without destroying it, making it impossible to repair or upgrade by anyone except Microsoft.
It has an unremovable battery with a capacity of 45.2 Wh. All other parts are either glued or soldered.
Software
Surface Laptop models used to ship with Windows 10 S, a feature-limited edition of Windows 10 with restrictions on software usage which has now been replaced with Windows 10 in S Mode; users may only install software from Windows Store, and system settings are locked to only allow Microsoft Edge as the default web browser with Bing as its search engine, since third-party web browsers using custom layout engines are banned from Windows Store.
The device may be upgraded to Windows 10 Pro for free, which removes these restrictions.
Timeline
References
External links
1
Computer-related introductions in 2017 | laptop Build Quality | 0.389 | 14,202 |
IBM ThinkPad 750
The IBM ThinkPad 750 is a series of notebook computers from the ThinkPad series manufactured by IBM.
Features
The 750 series included support for Cellular digital packet data. They also included the pop-up keyboard. The RAM could be expanded with an IC DRAM Card that contained ICs from Hitatchi.
Models
750
750C
750CS
750P
Comparison
Reception
A review of the 750C by the Los Angeles Times noted the excellent screen and the keyboard that be lifted up. It also noted the high price.
References
External links
Thinkwiki.de - 750
IBM laptops
ThinkPad | laptop Build Quality | 0.388 | 14,203 |
Dell Inspiron
The Inspiron ( , formerly stylized as inspiron) is a line of consumer-oriented laptop computers, desktop computers and all-in-one computers sold by Dell. The Inspiron range mainly competes against computers such as Acer's Aspire, Asus' Transformer Book Flip, VivoBook and Zenbook, HP's Pavilion, Stream and ENVY, Lenovo's IdeaPad, Samsung's Sens and Toshiba's Satellite.
Types
The Dell Inspiron lineup consists of laptops, desktops and all in ones.
Dell Inspiron laptop computers
Dell Inspiron desktop computers
Dell Inspiron All-in-One
Discontinued:
Dell Inspiron Mini Series netbooks (2008-2010)
See also
Dell's Home Office/Consumer class product lines:
Studio (mainstream desktop and laptop computers)
XPS (high-end desktop and notebook computers)
Studio XPS (high-end design-focus of XPS systems and extreme multimedia capability)
Alienware (high-performance gaming systems)
Adamo (high-end luxury subnotebook)
Dell Business/Corporate class product lines:
Vostro (office/small business desktop and notebook systems)
n Series (desktop and notebook computers shipped with Linux or FreeDOS installed)
Latitude (business-focused notebooks)
Optiplex (business-focused workstations)
Precision (high performance workstations)
References
External links
Dell Inspiron Drivers
Dell laptops
Dell personal computers
Convertible laptops
Consumer electronics brands
Computer-related introductions in 1990 | laptop Build Quality | 0.386 | 14,204 |
Framework Computer
Framework Computer Inc is an American laptop manufacturer. The company positions itself as a proponent of the electronics right to repair movement, and their laptops are designed to be easy to disassemble, with replaceable parts. The company's approach has earned them praise from Louis Rossmann and Linus Sebastian, the latter having invested $225,000 into the company. In November 2021, Time magazine listed the Framework Laptop on their list of the 100 Best Inventions.
Products
For the products repairability and upgradability, the company's website has the guide for the replacement and repair and the marketplace.
Framework Laptop
In July 2021, Framework Computer started to ship their first product Framework Laptop for the US and Canada. In December 2021, Framework Computer started the pre-order for the UK, Germany and France. In February 2022, pre-ordering became available for Ireland, Austria and The Netherlands. Framework Laptop received a 10 out of 10 in iFixit's repairability score. Framework Laptop has the pre-assembled edition, and Framework Laptop DIY Edition to customize, upgrade, and assemble like a desktop. Framework Laptop DIY Edition provides an option without a pre-installed operating system.
Embedded controller firmware
Framework Laptop is using the proprietary firmware BIOS and an open sourced embedded controller (EC) firmware, that is based on CrOS EC. In April 2021, the company mentioned "Open source firmware is well aligned to our mission of building products. We're currently focused on getting the Framework Laptop out into the world in a lower-risk path that uses an off the shelf proprietary BIOS, but we're looking forward to replacing that with an open alternative in the future.". In January 2022, the company open sourced their EC firmware.
The company is developing their BIOS. The initially shipped BIOS version is 3.02. The latest version is 3.07 in Windows, and the beta version in Linux as of January 6, 2022. The support by the Linux Vendor Firmware Service (LVFS) with fwupd is expected. Currently it is in testing state.
A company or individual driven projects
The company launched the Expansion Card Developer Program to opening card development, released documentation, CAD templates, and reference designs for Expansion Cards, all under open source licenses to make it easy for both hardware companies and individual makers to create new card designs. There are a third party company or individual driven projects.
Framework Laptop skins & wraps
Screen protector film
Arts & wallpapers
Magnetic charger expansion card
Dual USB-C expansion card
LTE Cat 4 Cell modem expansion card
Scroll wheels expansion card
A cyberdeck-like keyboard PC that re-purposes the Framework Laptop's motherboard
An EC tool that changes the colors of LEDs and the keyboard layout on the firmware level.
Community relations
The company has their official forum hosted on Discourse and community platform hosted on Discord. The company provided pre-release hardware to developers and maintainers at Fedora Project, elementary OS, NixOS, and Arch Linux to make the Linux experience as smooth as possible on Framework Laptop. Arch Linux has Framework Laptop page on their wiki site.
Partner relations
In January 2022, Intel introduced Framework Computer as one of their partners at the tech event, CES 2022. Framework Computer mentioned that they have a communication with the Intel Linux WiFi driver team, and the Framework Laptop's WiFi and Bluetooth stability to be good starting from Linux kernel version 5.17.
Support
The company supports by knowledge base articles, community forum, QR codes on the products, and inquiry form.
Supported countries and regions
Framework Laptop is available for order in the US and Canada and for pre-order in the UK, Germany and France. The company announced they will add additional countries in 2022, introducing their region selection page. In December 2021, the company announced that they chose the additional supported countries UK, Germany and France based on both the number of people who registered interest through the region selection page and on logistical complexity. In February 2022, pre-ordering became available for Ireland, Austria and The Netherlands.
There are several threads about this topic on the community forum. The company recommended users waiting until the company officially launch in your region before ordering. The company commented "if an import service is used, we will not be able to support your laptop or warranty if something goes wrong hardware-wise or assist when it comes to international customs or VATs".
Linux support
In December 2021, the company released a statement asking users who are not using Ubuntu 21.04.3+ or Fedora 35 to troubleshoot with Framework's Linux community instead of contacting Framework support as no other Linux distribution has been verified by the company for hardware compatibility, mentioning that the company could troubleshoot general product usage issues on a supported OS, but could not troubleshoot OS related issues not related to the product functionality.
Electronics right to repair movement
Framework Laptop is on display as part of the Waste Age: What can Design Do? exhibition displayed at the Design Museum in London from October 2021 to February 2022.
See also
Ethical consumerism
Fairphone
Social enterprise
System76
Purism
Pine64
References
External links
Framework Laptop - ArchWiki, the Arch Linux wiki site
Computer companies of the United States
Consumer electronics brands
American brands
Netbook manufacturers
Online retailers of the United States | laptop Build Quality | 0.385 | 14,205 |
Acer TravelMate
TravelMate is a line of business-oriented laptop computers manufactured by Acer. Of the various notebook series Acer has offered, the TravelMate is designated as a lightweight business and professional computer built to withstand day-to-day activities. Travelmate laptops are well received by reviewers, often, however, they are faulted for a lack of visual appeal. The TravelMate name was previously used by Texas Instruments, which sold its mobile computing division to Acer in 1997. The TravelMate mainly competes against computers such as Dell's Latitude, HP's EliteBook and ProBook, Lenovo's ThinkPad and Toshiba's Portégé.
Overview
Hardware
Depending on the model, the TravelMate series' standard features may include a full specter of actual ports, include an Ethernet adapter, and one or more PC Card slots. They may also include a docking port, an optical drive, and one VGA port. The version with soldered memory is uncommon. The more hi-end models come with professional graphics cards. The TPM chip is also a common option.
As with other laptops, earlier models used CFL backlit LCD screens, later transitioning to LED backlit screens. The classic models may have a pointing stick option, a docking port, fingerprint reader, and other hi-end business features. The curved keyboard layout was only a TravelMate family feature.
Software
The operating system included with the Travelmate has, at various times, been Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10. Several proprietary utilities from Acer are usually provided, which interface with the operating system. These programs include Acer ePower Management for changing the computer's mobile power options, Acer eRecovery Management for flexible data backup, and Acer Launch Manager for configuring the computer's launch keys, which launch user-defined applications. Others utilities manage passwords, file encryption, memory optimization, and network connections. Many models organize these together into an interface called 'Empowering Technology' - with the aim of allow safer, more comfortable and practical use of the notebook.
History
Texas Instruments TravelMate models
TravelMate 3000 (1991)
TravelMate 4000m (1995)
Acer models
TravelMate series
TravelMate 2420
The TravelMate 2420 was a Centrino based laptop computer, featuring either a Celeron M or a Pentium M processor at 1.7 GHz, depending on the region where it was to be distributed. As of April 2007, this model was discontinued by Acer Corp in the USA and Mexico.
In Latin America it included one 256 MB DDR2 SO-DIMM, though in other countries it included one single SO-DIMM module of 512 MB. The Latin American version also included a 40 GB @ 4200 rpm Hard Disk. In other countries the Hard Disk was 80 GB.
As it was based on the Centrino platform, it included a 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet adapter, a Wireless Ethernet adapter, a Bluetooth adapter and one PC Card slot. It also included three USB 2.0 ports, one VGA port, and a CD-RW/DVD-ROM as optical media drive.
TravelMate 5760
The TravelMate 5760 was manufactured in 2011 becoming a rather popular laptop in 2012. It featured the Intel Core i3-2310M dual-core processor at 2.10 GHz. The device came with a hard drive of 250 GB, 320 GB, 500 GB, 640 GB or 750 GB and a 4 GB 1066 MHz DDR3 SDRAM. It was however, able to support up to 8 GB of RAM. It came with the Windows 7 Professional operating system and also featured an HDMI port, three USB 2.0 ports, one VGA port, and one RJ-45 ethernet port.
Travelmate 6292
The Travelmate 6292 was manufactured from 2007-2009. It featured an Intel Centrino duo chip set consisting of 802.11a/g/draft-n, Bluetooth 2.0+edr and an Intel Core 2 Duo processor at 2.0 or 2.2 GHz. The unit came with 2GB of 667 MHz DDR2 SO-DIMM RAM, a 160GB HDD, and Intel GMA X3100 graphics accelerator. The laptop has been praised for its ruggedness, but faulted for its poor visual appeal. This laptop has been a popular choice for making a "Hackintosh" computer, as it had nearly identical hardware to the 2006 clamshell polycarbonate MacBook.
Travelmate P6
Released in 2020 model has a 14" screen and was equipped with 8 ports: 2 USB, 1 USB-C port, HDMI, charging port, 3.5 audio jack, SD reader and Ethernet. This model was described as a solid business machine, but keyboard typing was less comfortable that a typing on a ThinkPad X1 keyboard.
TravelMate TimelineX series
The TimelineX are ranges of laptops focused on ultra-long battery life on the order of 8 hours. In addition to the Travelmate, 'Timeline' has also been available with Acer Aspire.
Acer TravelMate 8172
Acer TravelMate 8371
Acer TravelMate 8331
Acer TravelMate 8372
Acer TravelMate 8471
Acer TravelMate 8431
Acer TravelMate 8472
Acer TravelMate 8473
Acer TravelMate 8481
Acer TravelMate 8552
Acer TravelMate 8571
Acer TravelMate 8531
Acer TravelMate 8572
TravelMate Spin B1
TravelMate Spin B3
References
External links
of Acer TravelMate Notebooks
TravelMate
Consumer electronics brands
Computer-related introductions in 1990
Products introduced in 1990 | laptop Build Quality | 0.385 | 14,206 |
Sony Vaio AR series
Sony VAIO AR series was a range of high-end multimedia notebook computers from Sony introduced in June 2006 as the first laptop with integrated Blu-ray drive (top model, costing $3,499 at launch - double the base model). It replaced the AX Series. It featured a 17" 16:10 widescreen LCD screen, with choice of 1440x900 or 1920x1200 resolutions (full HD 1080p capable). It was replaced by the AW series.
Launch specs were Intel Core Duo T2300, T2400 or T2500 CPUs running at 1.66, 1.86 or 2 GHz, Nvidia GeForce Go 7400 64MB, 7600 128MB, or 7600GT 256MB, with 160GB or RAID0 100Gb hard drives and 1GB of RAM.
These computers have a 17-inch widescreen LCD display and weigh 8.8 pounds (4 kg); because of this, they are the largest of the Sony VAIO computers and are considered to be desktop replacement computers. Being somewhere between a notebook computer and a desktop computer, it has exceptional functionality, considering they have the specifications equivalent to that of a desktop computer. However, as a result of its large size, it has a battery life between 1.5 hours and three hours; this is considered low for a notebook computer but sufficient for a desktop replacement computer.
Included in some models is also a movie pack, which consists of four predesignated feature films saved on the harddrive.
CTO Specifications
Processors:
Intel Core 2 Duo Processor T7250 (2.0 GHz)
Intel Core 2 Duo Processor T8100 (2.1 GHz)
Intel Core 2 Duo Processor T8300 (2.4 GHz)
Intel Core 2 Duo Processor T9300 (2.5 GHz)
Intel Core 2 Duo Processor T9500 (2.6 GHz)
Operating Systems:
Microsoft Windows XP Professional
Microsoft Windows Vista Home Premium
Microsoft Windows Vista Business
Microsoft Windows Vista Ultimate
Memory:
2 GB DDR-SDRAM (DDR2-667, 1 GBx2)
3 GB DDR-SDRAM (DDR2-667, 2GBx1 + 1GBx1)
4 GB DDR-SDRAM (DDR2-667, 2 GBx2)
Hard Drives:
320 GB SATA Hard Disk Drive [5400rpm]
240 GB SATA Hard Disk Drive
400 GB SATA Hard Disk Drive
500 GB SATA Hard Disk Drive
600 GB SATA Hard Disk Drive
640 GB SATA Hard Disk Drive [2x 320GB]
400 GB SATA Hard Disk Drive [7200rpm]
Optical Disk Drives:
DVD±R DL / DVD±RW / DVD-RAM Drive
Blu-ray Disc Read Only Drive
Blu-ray Disc Read and Write Drive
Displays
LCD 17" WXGA+ (XBRITE-HiColor) 1440x900 resolution with integrated video camera
LCD 17" WUXGA (XBRITE-HiColor) 1920x1200 resolution with integrated video camera
Graphics Cards
NVIDIA GeForce 8600M GT GPU with Total Available Graphics Memory of 1279MB (max.) if 2GB System Memory is selected.
NVIDIA GeForce 8600M GT GPU with Total Available Graphics Memory of 1791MB (max.) if 3GB or 4GB System Memory is selected.
Video RAM: 512MB Dedicated Video RAM
Networking
Wireless LAN: Intel PRO/Wireless 4965AGN Network Connection (802.11a/b/g/n) w/ Bluetooth Technology: Integrated Bluetooth Technology
In addition, a Sony VAIO AR has an optional ATI TV Wonder Digital Cable Tuner and an optional extended battery.
External links
VAIO AR main page
References
AR | laptop Build Quality | 0.385 | 14,207 |
Lenovo IdeaCentre A720
The Lenovo IdeaCentre A720 is an all-in-one desktop computer with a 27-inch touchscreen released by Lenovo in 2012.
Specifications and features
The A720 has a 27-inch frameless glossy screen with a resolution of 1920x1080 and capacitive touch technology. The A720's screen is only 24.5mm thick. Lenovo claims it is the slimmest in its class. The hinge connecting the base to the display is key to the design of the A720. The screen is anchored by a base which includes most of the unit's hardware and all of its ports. Lenovo says that this design makes ports more accessible.
The A720 uses a quad-core Intel Core-i7 processor, 8 gigabytes of RAM, and a 1-terabyte hard drive. A DVD-drive comes standard and an upgrade to Blu-ray is an option. Ports include ethernet, two USB 3.0 and two USB 2.0 connections respectively, and HDMI ports for both input and output. The A720's ability to accept HDMI input allows for using the screen with external devices. An internal TV-tuner is optional.
A wireless mouse and keyboard that connect via Wi-Fi are included.
Reviews
A review published in the Bangkok Post stated, "With all its merits, the A720 is not the perfect home computing solution. It is the most expensive on the market, has a very reflective screen, suffers the same service issues as notebooks with its compact form factor, and its touchscreen has few applications (for now). But the screen is fantastic (reflection issues apart), it's plenty powerful and it can be used as a replacement TV, which should win many punters over."
In a review published by ZDNet, James Kendrick wrote, "The 27-inch display is simply gorgeous whether working on the desktop or playing video in full-screen glory. The latter is a key function of the A720, whether using the Blu-ray drive or other video source. There is an optional TV tuner and full remote control to turn the system into an HD TV system. This is such a good desktop PC that it's easy to forget that it supports full touch operation. This is very precise and handles 10 finger touch. The display swivels down at virtually any angle for touch operation, including almost flat on the desktop."
References
Products introduced in 2012
Lenovo | laptop Build Quality | 0.384 | 14,208 |
Elektronika MS 1504
Elektronika MS 1504 () was the first, and reportedly only, laptop computer to be manufactured in the Soviet Union. Produced by the "Integral" Scientific Production Association in 1991, it was a clone of the Toshiba T1100 Plus.
References
Ministry of the Electronics Industry (Soviet Union) computers | laptop Build Quality | 0.383 | 14,209 |
Sony Vaio TT series
The Sony Vaio TT series was a line of high-end ultraportable notebook computers from Sony introduced in September 2008, with high-end features including an ultra-low voltage Core 2 Duo processor with DDR3 SDRAM; an 11.1", 16:9, 1366x768 LED-backlit LCD screen with built-in 0.3 megapixel webcam; choice of 1.8" hard drive or SSD (optionally with RAID); and optional Blu-ray drive. The weight of the laptop is 1.3 kg.
The laptop's base price was $2000, and a configuration with a 1.4 GHz Core 2 Duo U9400 CPU, 4 GB of RAM, two 128 GB SSDs in RAID and Blu-ray writer cost $4,450.
The system sold very poorly in the United States and Europe, due to competition from netbooks costing as little as 10% of the TT's price, and was discontinued less than a year after its introduction. It was replaced in the lineup by the X series, also an 11.1" laptop, but reduced in weight, price and performance, due to the use of the Intel Atom processor and the omission of the optical drive.
It continued to be sold in the Asia Pacific region, where an updated model featuring a U9600 (1.6 GHz) CPU and Windows 7 was released. It was discontinued in early 2010.
The 11-inch MacBook Air, released in October 2010, had similar specifications to the Vaio TT series.
References
TT
Computer-related introductions in 2008 | laptop Build Quality | 0.382 | 14,210 |
Compaq Armada
Armada is a discontinued line of business laptops by Compaq. They started as a more affordable version of the Contura line, but after that, they replaced Contura as a mainstream laptop line, and then the hi-end Compaq LTE line were merged with Armada as a premium 7300 and 7700 sub-lines.
Overview
History
The 3 generations can be classified:
First gen with gray 1100 low-end lines, grey 4100/4200 midrange lines and white 7300 and 7700 hi-end lines with Pentium I (or Pentium MMX) CPU's.
Second gen — the design unification: new 1500/1700 and 3500 models, and redesign of previous generation hi-end lines (7400 and 7800 laptops) — all-gray design and wave in a palmrest (if they exist); except early models of 1500 line, all new models have a Pentium II CPU in a base.
Mid-gen 6500 laptop — first hi-end model without a PointStick; the design was similar to a latest DEC laptops, just because the DEC was acquired in June 1998 by Compaq.
And third gen — E, M and V series with all-flat design, similar to 6500 model, with dark gray case and blue touchpad (or pointstick) buttons.
The last models (100s/110) is a transitive generation between the Armada and Evo lines.
Design
Armada is a line of classic business laptops, with hot-swappable bays (include the easy-removable MultiBay CD/DVD-drive), magnesium alloys (except some models), and have a dual battery and docking stations as common option. Armada E500 (with PC card) is a first laptop with optional fingerprint reader. Some models have a small lifting feets; some models can be ordered with internal power supply, and all of Armada laptops have a screen latches (except 1100 line).
Armada 1100, 4100 and 4200 series
1996-1997 lines. These haves a trackball (or touchpad option for 4100/4200 series), instead of hi-end LTE 5#00 line with pointing stick. Like other Pentium I laptops, soldered RAM placed in the same replaceable board with CPU and can be easily upgraded.
Early-released base models (mid-1996) is a 1110, 1120 and 4110.
The Armada 1100 offers a mainstream feature set in order to provide a compelling price-performance equation for the target market. It is meant to give customers all they need to run standard business applications such as word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, mail, etc... For customers that desire multi-media features, Compaq offers the LTE 5000 and the new Armada 4100 family of notebook computers. Third party external CD solutions are also available.
Armada 1100 series
A affordable version of the Contura 420 & 430C(X) models with same case and base specs and start at less than $2,000. The Armada version has a larger HDD and better CPU, but less warranty and no docking port. They only have a FDD, 8 or 16 MB base RAM and one EDO SODIMM RAM slot (that limited upgradeability up to 24 or 32 MB), and a NiMH battery with up to ~2–3 hours of runtime. This is the last Compaq notebook without a sound card. T models have a TFT display, just like the Contura CX models.
290 x 260 x 38 mm; ~2.3 kg. 10.4" screen (passive for base model, active for T).
Armada 1110 − Pentium (75); CSTN 640x480 screen.
Armada 1120(T) − Pentium (100), CSTN/TN 640x480 screen.
Armada 1130(T) − Pentium (120/133), CSTN/TN 800x600 screen, 16MB RAM soldered. Cirrus Logic GD7548.
Armada 4100 and 4200 series
Mainstream lines; 2 RAM slots, CD drive option, gray plastic case with internal magnesium alloy and speakers in palmrest. Cirrus Logic graphic. Support for up to 3 batteries with promised 12 hours of working (Li-ion batteries also as option); the transportation handle with additional battery inside of them is one of these options.
Supports full-size dock option (Convenience Base) and smallest 4100 series docking base.
302 x 226 x 57 mm (38 mm Slimline); ~2.8 kg (4.13 kg with Dock station). Up to 12.1" screen.
4200 series significant differences: Cardbus slot; non-upgradable CPU; 430TX chipset, C&T 65555 video. 2.4+ kg. Non-compatible with 4100 series 4 GB HDD option; 32 MB of soldered RAM and limit is 96 MB.
Armada 4200T − Pentium MMX (233); 12.1" (800x600).
Armada 4210T − Same as 4200T, instead hard drive.
Armada 4220T − Pentium MMX (266).
Armada 7300 and 7700 series
High-end models with conservative white cases, similar to last gen LTE laptops. Only Pointstick is a pointing option. Both of them have a lifting feets, multiple bay options (include MultiBay) and both of them supports a same docking stations (ArmadaStation, Armada MiniStation (E and EX).). The successors with similar cases is a 7400 and 7800 models (with different case color and with facelifted palmrest).
Armada 7300 series
Slightly more affordable and compact version of 7700 line. New white case with hiding keyboard, MultiBay, palmrest with speakers.
12.1" screens and S3 Aurora64V+ (2MB) video; 305x235x39 mm; ~2.7+ kg (up to 3.2 with CD-rom); up to 128 MB RAM (2 slots), with no soldered.
Armada 7700 series
Successor of LTE 5000 line, starts in end of 1997 with 7750MT model.
White case with no palmrest, speakers on the sides of screen.
~3.3-3.5 kg, 320x242x51 mm; 2 EDO RAM slots + soldered. S3 Aurora video (2 MB).
Armada 1500/1700 series, 3500, 7400 and 7800
Released in the end of 1997 (1500 line) and 1998-1999 (all another lines). They had a new case design with a wavy palmrest.
There were value 1500 and 1700 lines (with touchpad), slim 3500 line and hi-end 7400 and 7800 lines (with pointing stick only). Only 1500/1700 lines can be purchased in consumer electronic shops, and only 1700 had a Windows 98 option instead of Windows 95. The 7400 and 7800 lines were upgraded and facelifted versions of 7300 and 7700 lines with the same dock options; the newer 3500 model had a personal dock option.
Armada 1500 and 1700 series
Both series looked similar (dark-gray bulky cases with touchpad), but had absolute different sizes and platforms (Pentium I or II for 1500 and only Pentium II for 1700). The 1500 models had a CD/DVD bay in right side of laptop, instead of 1700 line with frontal bay placement. Both model lines supported the Convenience Base II dock.
1500 series — 310 x 244 x 53 mm; ~3.3 kg. 11.3 STN or 12.1 TN SVGA (800x600) screens. 16 or 32 MB RAM soldered, 1 slot. C&T 68554 video (2MB). USB port. Optional additional battery instead of FDD. The early 1510-1598 models supported only EDO RAM, instead of Pentium II-based 1500 model with the SDRAM option.
1700 series — 318x245x58 mm; 3.6+ kg, up to 14.1" (1024x768); 1 slot + soldered RAM. CD/DVD + FDD (MultiBay)
1700 — Pentium II (233-300); 32 MB soldered, up to 160 MB RAM. 12.1"/13.3/14.1" screen options;
1750 — Pentium II (333-400); 64 MB soldered, up to 192 MB.
Armada 3500
Slim line; 300x236x33mm, ~2 kg; Pentium II (266-366); 12.1/13.3" LCD (800x600/1024x768), Rage LT Pro video. USB; Dock port.
Armada 7400
Hi-end model; 318x244x41 mm. 1999; 13.3" or 14" LCD (1024x768), Pentium II (266-366); CD/DVD-rom, S3 Virge/MX (4MB); 2 RAM slots, up to 256 MB. Magnesium top cover and speakers in wavy palmrest.
Armada 7800
Top model; Facelifted version (but dark gray instead of white) of 77#0 series with another display module and top cover.
Pentium II (266-400); S3 Virge (4 MB); 13.3" or 14" screen; up to 256 MB RAM (2 slots).
Armada 6500
Hi-end series with another case design (Touchpad and big flat palmrest; 305x247x35mm and 2.7+ kg). Successor of DEC's Digital HiNote Ultra 2000. Supports Compaq Mobile6500 Expansion Unit or Compaq Armada6500 Convenience Base.
1998; Pentium II (300-400); 14.1"; 64 mb soldered, up to 320 MB (1 slot). USB. AGP-based 3D RAGE LT Pro (4MB) video.
Armada E, M and V series
Released in 2000; New case design with light blue touchpad buttons.
E is the mainstream series; M is the ultra-mobile series, and V is (V)ersatile.
Armada V300 and E500
Same models with internal differences; 14.7"-based case, with 14.1", 13.3" and 12.1" screens options. 316x254x42 mm.
The Compaq Armada E500 and Armada V300 Series of Personal Computers offer advanced modularity, Intel Pentium II, III, and Celeron processors, AGP port implementation, and extensive multimedia support. The computers provide desktop functionality and connectivity through the optional expansion base, convenience base, or port replicator
Gray flat-shape case with lifting feet. ATI Rage LT Pro graphics card with 4MB VRAM; up to 512MB RAM is supported by the system.
Armada V300 — Touchpad only; Intel Celeron Processor (400-500MHz); 64 or 32 MB RAM soldered onboard.
Armada E500 — Pointstick or Touchpad; Intel Pentium II or III Processor (366MHz-1.0GHz); 64 MB RAM soldered on some models. Supports additional battery instead of FDD. has two PC Card slots (instead of one in V300 model). May have a 15" screen with slightly bigger top casing and extremely thin bezels.
Armada E500s — Intel Pentium III or Celeron Processor (up to 800MHz);
Armada M300
Hi-end thin-and-light ultraportable laptop without a CD- or FDD-disk drive, successor of DEC HiNote Ultra line; they started around $1,999 with base configuration. Intel Pentium II or III Processor (333-600MHz), Touchpad; ATI Rage LT Pro graphics card with 4MB VRAM. Magnesium-alloy case, 1 RAM slot, 64 MB soldered, up to 320MB; 1.6 kg. 11.3" 800x600 or 1024x768 LCD screen. 264x229x23mm.
Armada M700
Thin-and-light version of E700 model. Pointstick or touchpad; Pentium II (from 366) or III (650-1000); 14.1" with up to 1024x768. 2 RAM slots, 64 MB soldered; up to 576MB. CD/DVD drive. ATI Mobility PRO graphics card with 8MB VRAM. Magnesium top cover. 315x250x28mm, ~2.2 kg. They have a positive PC Mag review.
Armada E700
Similar design to the M700 model, but with additional expansion bays. Pentium II or III (400-500), 14" or 15" 1024 × 768 screens. Up to 640 MB (with 128 MB soldered) RAM. 320x260x51 mm, ~4.0 kg.
Armada 100s and 110
Last generation with low-end models only; all another lines have a new branding as a Compaq Evo models. Similar dark-gray cases wit touchpad option only, the blue buttons is only for 110/110s models. Both models have a one CD/DVD and one FDD drive. They don't have a docking port.
Armada 100s
2000; have a sibling low-end version with "Notebook 100" name.
AMD K6-2+ (533); 1 RAM slot, 64 or 32 MB soldered, up to 192 or 160 MB; Trident CyberBlade i7 (8 MB). 800x600 12.1" or 1024x768 13.3" screen options. ~3.1 kg. 297x239x44 mm.
Armada 110
2001; Affordable version of Evo N110 model.
Pentium III(800-850); up to 320 MB RAM (64 soldered); 14.1" 1024x768, or 12.1" 800x600; 318x248x42 mm, ~3.4 kg. ATI RAGE LT Pro (4 MB).; 3.2 kg
Armada 110s − Celeron (700-850) is only difference; Exist the uncommon model with 128 MB of soldered RAM.
Docks
The models that do not support docks: 1100 and 100/110 series.
Convenience Base — Armada 4100 series.
Convenience Base II — For Armada 1500, 1700, and 3500 series.
Convenience Base EM − For (E500)
Port Replicator EM — For (E500)?
Compaq expansion base — ?
Mobile 3500 expansion unit — Armada 3500.
Expansion base mobile unit — Armada M300 (also Evo N200). Have a docking connector to a Convience base EM.
ArmadaStation, Armada MiniStation E, MiniStation EX — for 7000 series (include 7300/7400 and 7700/7800 series).
Mobile6500 Expansion Unit, Armada6500 Convenience Base — 6500 model only.
References
Armada
Computer-related introductions in 1996 | laptop Build Quality | 0.382 | 14,211 |
Sony Vaio AW series
The Vaio AW series is a discontinued range of high-end multimedia laptop computers from Sony introduced in September 2008, replacing the AR Series. They feature an 18.4" 16:9 screen with 1680x945 or LED-backlit 1920x1080 (1080p) screen, NVidia GeForce 9300M GS 256MB or 9600M GT 512MB graphics, Blu-ray drive (Blu-ray burner option), Intel 5100AGN wireless chipset, Core 2 Duo P or T CPUs and a 1.3 megapixel webcam, optional RAID SSD storage (in addition to the hard drive) and HDMI output.
The AW weighs 3.7kg/8.2lbs.
External links
Product info
AW | laptop Build Quality | 0.382 | 14,212 |
MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)
The MacBook Pro with Apple silicon is a line of Macintosh notebook computers introduced in November 2020 by Apple Inc. It is the higher-end model of the MacBook family, sitting above the consumer-focused MacBook Air, and is currently sold with 13-inch, 14-inch, and 16-inch screens. All models from the current lineup use variants of the Apple-designed M1 system on a chip.
The first machine that was part of this family was a revision to the fourth generation of MacBook Pros; it featured the Apple M1.
The fifth-generation MacBook Pro MacBook Pro was released in October 2021 in 14- and 16-inch sizes. Powered by either M1 Pro or M1 Max chips, they are the first to be available only with an Apple silicon system on a chip. In addition to being Apple Silicon-only, this generation re-introduced elements from the previous models which were removed at some point, such as MagSafe and function-keys.
4th generation (Touch Bar, Apple silicon)
On November 10, 2020, Apple introduced a new generation of two-port 13-inch MacBook Pro with a brand new Apple-designed Apple M1 processor, launched alongside an updated MacBook Air and Mac Mini as the first Macs with Apple's new line of custom ARM-based Apple silicon processors. The MacBook Pro with Apple silicon retains the same form factor/ design while adding support for Wi-Fi 6, USB4, and 6K output to run the Pro Display XDR. The number of supported external displays was reduced to one, as the previous generation Intel-based models supported two 4K displays. The FaceTime camera remains 720p but Apple advertises an improved image signal processor for higher quality video.
Technical specifications
5th generation (M1 Pro and M1 Max)
Apple announced a new 14-inch MacBook Pro, replacing the high-end 13-inch Intel MacBook Pro, and a redesigned 16-inch MacBook Pro during an online event on October 18, 2021. They are equipped with the new Apple Silicon chips, M1 Pro and M1 Max, Apple's second ARM-based systems on a chip and their first professional-focused chips. This release addressed many criticisms of the previous generation by reintroducing hard function keys in place of the Touch Bar, an HDMI 2.0 port, a SDXC reader and MagSafe charging. Other additions include a Liquid Retina XDR display with thinner bezels and an iPhone-like notch, ProMotion supporting 120 Hz variable refresh rate, a 1080p webcam, Wi-Fi 6, 3 Thunderbolt 4 ports, and a six-speaker sound system supporting Dolby Atmos. The M1 Pro chip supports up to two external displays, both at 6K resolution, while the M1 Max chip supports up to four displays: three at 6K resolution, and one at 4K resolution. The 16-inch version is bundled with a 140 W GaN power supply that supports USB-C Power Delivery 3.1, though only MagSafe supports full-speed charging as the machine's USB-C ports are limited to 100 W.
Design
The M1 Pro and M1 Max MacBook Pro models feature a thicker and more-squared design than their immediate Intel-based predecessors. The keyboard features full-sized function keys, with the keyboard set in a "double anodized" black well. The MacBook Pro branding has been removed from the bottom of the display bezel and is engraved on the underside of the chassis instead. The models' appearance has been compared to the Titanium PowerBook G4 produced from 2001 to 2003. The choice between silver or space gray color introduced in the fourth generation continues in the fifth.
Reception
Reception to the 2021 MacBook Pro was generally positive. Online personalities such Justine Ezarik (iJustine), Anthony Young of Linus Tech Tips and Marques Brownlee praised the new design, the larger function keys, the new screen and M1 Pro and M1 Max. The Verge gave the models a 9.5/10 score, praising the increased speed and battery life, improved displays and speakers, and the removal of the Touch Bar, but criticized memory upgrade costs as "absurd" and noted only Apple's own apps seemed optimized for the GPUs.
iFixit gave the models a repairability score of 4/10, saying battery replacements are likely easier as it is no longer glued in, and the display and most ports appear modular, though noted speakers are glued in and solid-state storage is permanently soldered.
Technical specifications
Software and operating systems
The macOS operating system has been pre-installed on all Apple silicon MacBook Pro computers since release, starting with version macOS Big Sur.
See also
Comparison of current Macintosh models
MacBook (12-inch)
MacBook Air
Notes
References
External links
– official site
Computer-related introductions in 2020
MacBook
ARM Macintosh computers | laptop Build Quality | 0.381 | 14,213 |
Lenovo IdeaPad U300s
The Lenovo U300s is an Ultrabook-class notebook computer.
Features
The Lenovo U300s features Intel Rapid Start Technology which allows for faster start-up times while conserving battery life. This technology allows the U300s to start almost instantly. The U300s also makes use of m.2 SSDs instead of regular hard drives in order to improve start times.
The U300s' battery can last for up to eight hours. This exceeds the five hours required by Intel's Ultrabook specification.
Design
The U300s weighs 1.58 kilograms and is only 18.3 mm thick. It measures 324mm in width and 216 in depth. As the case of the U300s does not use a tapered design it incorporates full-sized ports as opposed to the "mini" ports used on many other small laptops.
The U300s has an aluminum case with top and bottom panels in "Graphite Grey" with a silver body in between. As of February 2012 Lenovo has plans to release a "Clementine Orange" version of the U300s. The U300s has a small power brick that is slightly larger than a deck of playing cards.
Hardware specifications
The U300s includes a 13-inch display, an Intel U series Core i7 or i5 processor, an SSD with options for 128 or 256 GB of storage. The U300s makes use of Intel's HD Graphics 3000 integrated with the CPU, includes an HDMI port, and supports Intel's WiDi standard for wireless graphics.
The U300s features what Lenovo calls "one-button recovery." Pushing a button on the left side of the case allows the user to restore the computer to factory condition. The OS can be re-installed from the recovery partition.
Reviews
The Computer Shopper wrote that the U300s "delivers on the ultrabook promise of a take-anywhere laptop that doesn't compromise speed or battery life. But the Core i7 CPU and 256GB SSD in our test unit drives up the price too far for most users."
Jack Schofield, writing for ZDNet UK, stated, "The U300s is a convenient machine to carry around. It comes up from sleep in a couple of seconds, and the Flash-memory based SSD (solid state drive) means you start working very quickly. This has been one of the MacBook's advantages for the past decade, and it has taken PC manufacturers far too long to narrow the gap." Addressing some of the drawbacks of the U300s he writes, "As usual with ultraportable PCs, there are a few omissions, too. The U300s lacks an RJ-45 Ethernet port, which I frequently need in hotels, and an SD card slot, which I use all the time for copying files from my digital cameras and audio recorder. Also, there are only two USB ports, though one of these supports USB 3.0."
Riyad Emeran, writing for IT Reviews, wrote in his review of the U300s, "There's no shortage of great looking Ultrabooks on the market, with the likes of the Toshiba Z830 and Asus ZenBook UX31 also vying for your attention. But there is something a bit different about the Lenovo U300s. It feels slightly less indulgent and takes itself a little more seriously, making it potentially more attractive to the business user. It's not perfect, with the reduced size keys on the keyboard being the main bugbear, but you are getting a solid, well designed Ultrabook at a very reasonable price."
The U300s was described by Engadget as being "pared-down and tasteful." It was compared to the Macbook Air in terms of design since, like the Air, it was made from a single sheet of aluminum, and was indicated to be susceptible to scratches, despite the fact that the metal had been sandblasted and anodized. Engadget also criticized the U300s for the lack of a memory card slot, stating that, "it's the only Ultrabook we know of that doesn't have a memory card slot." The keyboard on the laptop received praise and was described as being sturdy and comfortable to type on. The glass touchpad was also received positively, with the reviewer stating that, "it has the best touchpad of any of the new Ultrabooks we've tested."
References
U300s
Subnotebooks | laptop Build Quality | 0.38 | 14,214 |
Sharp Actius MM10 Muramasas
The Sharp Actius MM10 Muramasas was a laptop computer (subnotebook) developed by Sharp Corporation which started selling in 2003. This laptop was named after a sword master, Muramasa Tenji, and is the one of the thinnest computers in the world at 20 mm thick at its maximum. It had a battery life of 2.5 hours, had a 1 GHz Transmeta Crusoe processor, 256 MB of memory, a Wi-Fi module (incorporated into the laptop), a 15 GB hard drive and a $1499 price tag.
References
Actius MM10 Muramasas | laptop Build Quality | 0.38 | 14,215 |
IBM PC Convertible
The IBM PC Convertible (model 5140) is a laptop computer made by IBM, first sold in April 1986. The Convertible was IBM's first laptop-style computer, following the luggable IBM Portable, and introduced the 3½-inch floppy disk format to the IBM product line. Like modern laptops, it featured power management and the ability to run from batteries.
It was replaced in 1991 by the IBM PS/2 L40 SX, and in Japan by the IBM Personal System/55note, the predecessor to the ThinkPad.
Predecessors
IBM had been working on a laptop for some time before the Convertible. In 1983, work was underway on a laptop similar to the Tandy Model 100, codenamed "Sweetpea," but it was rejected by Don Estridge for not being PC compatible. Another attempt in 1984 produced the "P-14" prototype machine, but it failed to pass IBM's human factors tests, especially after poor public reception of the display in the competing Data General-One.
Description
The PC Convertible came in three models: PC Convertible, PC Convertible Model 2 and PC Convertible Model 3. The latter two were released in October 1987 and are primarily distinguished by their LCD panels. The original Convertible used a non-backlit panel which was considered difficult to read. The Model 2 lacked a backlight as well but upgraded to an improved supertwist panel, and the Model 3 included a backlight. The other hardware specifications are largely the same for all three models.
The CPU is an Intel 80C88, the CMOS version of the Intel 8088 CPU. The base configuration included 256 KB of RAM, expandable to 640 KB, dual 720 KB 3.5-inch floppy drives, and a monochrome, CGA-compatible LCD screen. It weighed just over 12 pounds and featured a built-in carrying handle, with a battery rated for 10 hours (4 in the backlit Model 3.)
The first model was introduced at a price of $1,995, the Model 2 at $1,395 with 256K of RAM and $1,900 with 640K, and the Model 3 at $1,695 with 256K of RAM.
The LCD screen displayed 80x24 characters, but has a very wide aspect ratio, so text characters and graphics are compressed vertically, appearing half their normal height. The display is capable of 80x25 text and graphics modes of 640x200 and 320x200 pixels.
The PC Convertible has expansion capabilities through a proprietary ISA bus-based port on the rear of the machine. Extension modules, including a small printer and a video output module, were provided as plastic modules that snap into place. The machine can also take an internal modem, but has no room for an internal hard disk. The concept and the design of the body was made by German industrial designer Richard Sapper.
Pressing the power button on the computer does not turn it off, but puts the machine into "suspend" mode, which will hold the machine's state as long as battery power lasts, to save on boot time. The CMOS 80C88 CPU has a static core, which holds its state indefinitely by stopping the system clock oscillator, and can resume processing when the clock signal is restarted as long as it is kept powered. The system RAM in the Convertible is SRAM rather than DRAM, both for lower power consumption and less circuitry to fit into the cramped laptop case.
Pressing a lever between the two floppy drives just below the display detaches the entire screen from the unit. This feature allows the use of a full-size desktop monitor while at one's desk, an early forerunner of the "docking station" concept, and similar to Apple's PowerBook Duo.
Reception
The machine had difficulty in the marketplace and was seen as a poor value for money, since other laptops in the market had more built-in features, although it enjoyed some success with business users, who saw its battery life and portability as selling points. Even after the release of the Model 3 in October 1987, which fixed some of the machine's issues, lack of built-in features remained a pain point. The parallel, serial and video ports all required adapters, while competing machines included these as integrated features. The Convertible was heavy, not much faster than the Portable it replaced, had no traditional PC expansion ports (such as serial ports and a parallel port) without an add-on, and had a hard-to-read, oddly-shaped LCD screen. It also competed against faster portables based on the Intel 80286 that offered optional hard drives, from companies such as Compaq, and laptops from companies such as Toshiba and Zenith that were lighter and offered similar specifications, sometimes at half the price. The keyboard was also criticized for lacking several important keys.
See also
IBM Portable Personal Computer
IBM PS/2 L40SX
IBM PS/55note
History of laptops
Convertible (computer)
References
External links
IBM-5140 Convertible and collection of old digital and analog computers at oldcomputermuseum.com
5140 Convertible
5140 Convertible
Computer-related introductions in 1986 | laptop Build Quality | 0.38 | 14,216 |
Acer Swift
The Swift is a line of laptop computers produced by Acer. They are designed to be lightweight and thinner than typical laptops. Laptops in the Swift series are the Swift 1, Swift 3, Swift 5 and Swift 7.
The Acer Swift 7 was launched at the IFA 2016 trade show.
List of Acer Aspire Swift models and specifications
S30-10
SF113-31
SF114-31
SF314-51
SF314-52
SF314-52G
SF314-53G
SF314-54G
SF314-55G
SF314-56G
SF314-57G
SF314-58G
SF314-59G
SF314-510G
SF314-511
SF315-51
SF315-51G
SF315-52
SF514-51
SF713-51
Notes:
References
Consumer electronics brands
Acer Inc. laptops | laptop Build Quality | 0.379 | 14,217 |
Samsung DP900
The DP900A7A-S01 is an all-in-one desktop computer with a 27" 3D display developed by Samsung.
Specifications
The Samsung DP900 features an Intel Core i7-2600S 2.8 GHz CPU, 8 GB DDR3 RAM, 1 TB SATA 7200RPM HDD, a Blu-ray/DVD combo drive, wireless keyboard and mouse, a 27" 3D LED display with 16:9 widescreen aspect ratio and full HD resolution (1920 x 1080), and high quality sound optimized by JBL. The graphics card is an AMD Radeon HD 6730M. The DP900 has several ports, including a headphone, a microphone, 4 USB 2.0 and 2 USB 3.0 ports, a multicard slot, an antenna in, HDMI in and out, and a LAN port. The computer also supports Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n) and Bluetooth. The DP900 has been released with the 64-bit Windows 7 Home Premium operating system.
References
IBM PC compatibles | laptop Build Quality | 0.379 | 14,218 |
Lenovo IdeaPad U310
The Lenovo IdeaPad U310 is an Ultrabook-class notebook computer released in 2012. It is the successor to the Lenovo U300s.
The U310 has an aluminum-slab design with an island keyboard and a large touchpad.
Hardware specifications
Christopher Null of Wired wrote, "Surprisingly, the U310 I reviewed performed almost identically in benchmark tests to the U300s I reviewed in November. That’s interesting, because the prior machine featured a 256GB SSD, and the U310 features a slow, 5400rpm 500GB traditional hard drive. It seems the faster CPU and slower hard drive manage to cancel each other out in the end. At about 4 hours, 20 minutes of video playback, even battery life is almost the same as it was last time around."
The U310 has a 13.3-inch 1366x768 resolution screen. The U310 has two USB 3.0 ports and one USB 2.0 port, an HDMI port, a wired ethernet port, and an SD card slot.
Issues
Wireless connectivity issues
Many owners reported poor wireless connectivity, a fact later acknowledged by Lenovo, and allegedly affecting all U310 and U410 models built prior to 23 July 2012. Lenovo suggested that users affected by the issue send their Ultrabook to customer support, however no official recall campaign was issued and malfunctioning units in stock were still sold internationally. After the repair, some users still reported the same issue.
However, despite the statement above, reports continue to come in of laptops manufactured after the date mentioned having the same wireless problem.
Lenovo is in the process of settling a class-action lawsuit to either repair the faulty laptops, refund $100, or give a $250 voucher towards another laptop purchase.
Cracking case and hinge
A number of users throughout the world have reported that the hinges of their Ideapad U310 notebooks were popped out and sometimes cracking sounds could be heard after half of a year or one year's normal usage. So far, Lenovo refused to acknowledge this problem and tried to charge customers for replacing the whole screen, which almost costs as much as a new U310. No official recall campaign was issued.
Reviews
A review in Wired praised the U310 for its "awesome value," "solid performance," and sturdiness while complaining about the screen quality and lack of keyboard backlighting.
References
External links
U310
Subnotebooks | laptop Build Quality | 0.379 | 14,219 |
Samsung Galaxy Book Pro
Samsung Galaxy Book Pro is a notebook computer announced by Samsung Electronics in April 2021. This device has 13.3 inches display with 1080p display and 720p webcam.
References
Samsung Galaxy
Computer-related introductions in 2021 | laptop Build Quality | 0.379 | 14,220 |
Dell Vostro
Dell Vostro is a line of business-oriented laptop and desktop computers manufactured by Dell aimed at small to medium range businesses. From 2013–2015, the line was temporarily discontinued on some Dell websites but continued to be offered in other markets, such as Malaysia and India.
Prior to Vostro, Dell's home and small business computers were sold under the same lines: Dimension for home and small business desktops, and Inspiron for home and small business portables. With the introduction of Vostro, the Dimension line was discontinued, and the Inspiron line changed to include all computers for the home market; regardless of form factor. One marked difference between the Inspiron line and the Vostro line is that the Vostro line is cheaper but comes with shorter technical support hours.
Temporary discontinuation
In July 2013, Dell announced that they would stop manufacturing all Dell Vostro systems. Select models were made available on various Dell outlet channels for a limited time. The discontinuation of Vostro models was reportedly because of changing technology and lesser demand in the corporate world. Subsequently, the Vostro was resurrected onto the market in early 2015.
Current laptops line
The current lineup of Vostro laptops includes Vostro 3000 series that was released on March 9, 2010, Vostro 14 5000 series that was released on October 13, 2015 and Vostro 15 5000 series released on January 20, 2017.
Please note that this list may be incomplete and some of the models that are currently being offered in some markets may be missing.
Also note that new models release on January every year (as of the latest news).
Vostro 3000
Vostro 15 (35##)
The Vostro 15 3000 is a laptop line with a 15-inch display aimed at small and medium business. It is an affordable version of the 5000 15-inch line.
3558 — is a model with a 15.6 inch HD display with anti-glare aimed at small business. The operating system options are the ones offered with the Vostro 3368.
CPU: Intel Core i3 6100U, Core i3 6005U or Core i5 7200U
Display: 15.6" LED-backlit (1366×768) with anti-glare
Memory: DDR3 modules of 4 or 8 GB @ 1600 MHz
Chipset: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 series chipset ko (Sandy Bridge) – Intel HM67
Optical Drive: Dual-layer 8X DVD+/-CD drive
Graphics: Intel HD 4400 or NVIDIA Geforce 2GB
Security Hardware: Security slot
Storage: 1x SATA, 1TB HDD (5400 RPM)
Wireless: DELL Wireless N 1705 @ 2.4 GHz + Bluetooth 4.0
Webcam: Integrated HD 720p webcam (UVC video)
Battery: 4-cell lithium-Ion
Starting Price: $349
3578 —
Vostro 5000
Vostro 13 (53##)
5370 —
Vostro 14 (54##)
The Vostro 14 5000 is a laptop with a 14-inch display aimed at small business.
5459 — Operating system options are Ubuntu or Windows (8.1 and 10), and it is compatible with Windows 7. The starting price is $550.
CPU: Intel Core i3-6100U, i5-6200U or i7-6500U
Display: 14" LED-backlit (1366×768) with anti-glare
Memory: 4 or 8 GB DDR3L @ 1600 MHz (up to 8 GB supported)
Graphics: Intel HD 520, optional Nvidia Geforce 930M, 2 GB/4GB DDR3
Security Hardware: Fingerprint reader (optional)
Storage: 1x SATA (500GB or 1TB (5400 RPM) HDD)
Wireless: Intel 3165AC + BT4.0 (802.11ac + Bluetooth 4.0, dual band 2.4&5 GHz, 1x1)
Webcam: Integrated HD 720p (1.0MP)
Battery: 43 WHr, 3-cell battery
This laptop has since been updated with Intel's Kaby Lake, Kaby Lake R and Whisky Lake processors.
5471 —
5481 — Sept. 2018 with a starting price of $670.
CPU: Intel Core up to i7-8565U (4x 1.8 GHz)
Display: 14" LED-backlit (1366×768 or 1920×1080) with anti-glare
Memory: 8 GB DDR4 (up to 32 GB supported)
Graphics: Intel UHD 620, optional Nvidia GeForce MX130, 2 GB GDDR5
Security Hardware: optional fingerprint reader
Storage: 1x SATA 256GB SSD or 1TB HDD (5400 RPM), 1x M.2 (NVMe)
5491 —
Vostro 15 (55##)
5568 — features Intel Kaby Lake microprocessors
CPU: Intel Core i5-7200U (2x 2.5 GHz, turbo boost up to 3.1 GHz)
Display: 15.6" LED-backlit (1920x1080) with anti-glare
Memory: 8 GB DDR4 @ 1600 MHz (up to 32 GB supported)
Graphics: Intel HD 620, optional Nvidia GeForce 940MX, 2 GB/4GB GDDR5
Security Hardware: fingerprint reader
Storage: 1x SATA 256GB SSD or 1TB HDD (5400 RPM)
Wireless: Intel 3165AC + BT4.0 (802.11ac + Bluetooth 4.1, dual band 2.4&5 GHz, 1x1)
Webcam: Integrated HD 720p (1.0MP)
Battery: 45 WHr, 4-cell battery
5581 — Sept. 2018, starting price is $580.
CPU: Intel Core up to i7-8565U (4x 1.8 GHz)
Display: 15.6" LED-backlit (1920x1080) with anti-glare
Memory: 8 GB DDR4 (up to 32 GB supported)
Graphics: Intel UHD 620, optional Nvidia GeForce MX130, 2 GB GDDR5
Security Hardware: fingerprint reader
Storage: 1x SATA 256GB SSD or 1TB HDD (5400 RPM), 1x M.2 (NVMe)
Battery: 45 WHr, 4-cell battery
Vostro 17 (57##)
5770 —
Discontinued laptops
Vostro 1000
The Vostro 1000 is Dell's 15.4" business laptop using AMD's Socket S1 processors.
CPU: AMD Athlon 64 X2 TK-53, Mobile AMD Sempron 3500+, 3600+
Display: 15.4" 1280x800 WXGA anti-glare
Memory: 1 GB single-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz, up to 2 GB dual-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz
Optical Drive: 8x DVD+/-R drive, 8x DVD+/-RW drive
Graphics: ATI Radeon Xpress 1150, Core: 100 MHz, Memory: 400 MHz, up to 320MB shared memory.
Storage: 1x SATA, 60 GB (5400 rpm), 80 GB (5400 rpm)
Wireless: Dell Wireless 1395
Bluetooth:
Webcam:
Battery: 4-cell lithium-ion
Vostro 1200
Vostro 1220
The Vostro 1220 is Dell's 12.1" business laptop based on the Intel Montevina platform.
CPU: Intel Celeron 900, Core 2 Duo T6600, P8600, P8700, or T9550
Display: 12.1" WXGA w/TrueLife
Memory: 2 GB single-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz, 2, 3, 4, or 8 GB of shared dual-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz
Optical Drive: 8X DVD+/-RW drive, Blu-ray disc combo drive
Graphics: Integrated Intel GMA 4500MHD
Security Hardware: Wave Encryption software
Storage: 1x SATA, 160 GB (5400 RPM), 250, 320, or 500 GB (7200 RPM w/Freefall sensor), or 250 GB encrypted HDD (7200RPM w/Free Fall Sensor and Wave software), 128 GB SSD
Wireless: Dell Wireless 1397 or 1510 mini card, Intel WiFi Link 5100, WiMAX/WiFi Link 5150, or 5300 mini card
Bluetooth: Dell Wireless 365 Bluetooth 2.0
Webcam: Integrated 1.3 MP webcam w/digital mic, optional free video chat software
Battery: 4-cell or 6-cell lithium-ion
Starting Price: $747
Vostro 1320
The Vostro 1320 is Dell's 13.3" business laptop based on the Montevina platform.
CPU: Intel Celeron 900, Core 2 Duo T6600, P7550, P8600, P8700, or T9550
Display: 13.3" WXGA anti-glare, UltraSharp WXGA w/TrueLife
Memory: 2 GB single-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz, 2, 3, 4, or 8 GB of shared dual-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz
Optical Drive: 8X DVD+/-RW drive, Blu-ray disc combo drive
Graphics: Integrated Intel GMA 4500MHD, or NVIDIA GeForce 9300M GS
Security Hardware: Fingerprint reader w/DigitalPersona software, Wave Encryption software
Storage: 1x SATA, 120 GB (5400 RPM), 250 or 320 GB (7200 RPM w/Free Fall Sensor), or 250 GB encrypted hard drive (7200RPM w/Free Fall Sensor and Wave software), 128 GB SSD
Wireless: Dell Wireless 1397 or 1510 mini card, Intel WiFi Link 5100 or 5300 mini card, atherones
Bluetooth: Dell Wireless 355 Bluetooth 2.0
Webcam: Integrated 1.3 MP webcam w/digital mic, optional free video chat software
Battery: 4-cell, 6-cell, or 9-cell lithium-ion
Starting Price: $550
Vostro 1500
The Vostro 1500 is Dell's 15.4" business laptop based on the Montevina platform. The design is based on Inspiron 1520 with a black finish.
CPU: Intel Celeron 900, Core 2 Duo T6600, P7550, P8600, P8700, or T9550
Display: 15.4" WXGA anti-glare LED, WXGA+ anti-glare, WXGA+ w/TrueLife
Memory: 2 GB single-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz, 2, 3, 4, or 8 GB of shared dual-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz
Optical Drive: 8X DVD+/-RW drive, Blu-ray disc combo drive
Graphics: Integrated Intel GMA 4500MHD, or NVIDIA GeForce 9300M GS
Security Hardware: Optional fingerprint reader w/DigitalPersona software, Wave Encryption software
Storage: 1x SATA, 160 GB (5400 RPM), 250 or 320 GB (7200 RPM w/Free Fall Sensor), or 250 GB encrypted hard drive (7200RPM w/Free Fall Sensor & Wave software), 128 GB SSD
Wireless: Dell Wireless 1397 or 1510 mini card, Intel WiFi Link 5100 or 5300 mini card
Bluetooth: Dell Wireless 355 Bluetooth 2.0
Webcam: Integrated 1.3 MP webcam w/digital mic, optional free video chat software
Battery: 4-cell, 6-cell, or 9-cell lithium ion battery
Vostro 1720
The Vostro 1720 is Dell's 17" business laptop based on the Montevina platform. Note: X9000/X9100 may run very hot and not recommended. T9800 CPU recommended when equipped with nVidia GPU (Average CPU temp 85°C-89°C under load).
CPU: Intel Celeron 900, Core 2 Duo T6600, P7550, P8600, P8700, or T9550 (Up to Core 2 duo T9900/X9000/X9100 3.06 GHz 1066FSB E0; confirmed supported with PM45 Chipset, No Core 2 Quad(Q or QX series)
Display: 17" WXGA+ anti-glare LED, UltraSharp WUXGA w/TrueLife
Memory: 2 GB single channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz, 2, 3, 4, or 8 GB of shared dual channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz
Optical Drive: 8X DVD+/-RW drive, Blu-ray disc combo drive
Graphics: Integrated Intel GMA 4500MHD, or NVIDIA GeForce 9600M GS
Security Hardware: Fingerprint reader w/DigitalPersona software, Wave Encryption software
Storage: 1x SATA, 160 GB (5400 RPM), 250 or 320 GB (7200 RPM w/Free Fall Sensor), 250 GB encrypted hard drive (7200RPM w/Free Fall Sensor & Wave software), 128 GB SSD
Wireless: Dell Wireless 1397 or 1510 mini card, Intel WiFi Link 5100 or 5300 mini card
Bluetooth: Dell Wireless 355 Bluetooth 2.0
Battery: 6-cell or 8-cell lithium-ion
Starting Price: $599
Vostro A90 and A90n
The Vostro A90 is Dell's 8.9" business netbook with similar platform as Dell Mini 9. The A90n offers Ubuntu Linux while the A90 offers Windows XP.
CPU: Intel Atom N270
Display: 8.9" WSVGA (1024×600) TN
Memory: 1 GB DDR2 SDRAM @ 533 MHz
Optical Drive: None
Graphics: Integrated Intel GMA 950
Storage: 16 GB solid state drive
Wireless: Wireless 802.11g card
Webcam: Integrated 0.3 MP
Battery: 4-cell (35 WHr) lithium-ion
Starting Price: $219 (Vostro A90n), $309 (Vostro A90)
Vostro V13
The Vostro V13 is Dell's 13.3" business ultraportable with targeted at consumers looking for a budget business ultraportable. The Vostro V13 has a chassis design similar to the Dell Adamo, but it is very cheap at $449, though it ships with Ubuntu and clocks in at a 1.4 GHz Intel solo processor. The processor in the V13 cannot be customized, but the memory can. The base configuration ships with Ubuntu Linux version 9.04, but higher-end configurations ship with Windows 7.
CPU: Intel Celeron M 743, Core 2 Solo SU3500 or Core 2 Duo SU7300
Display: 13.3" LED-backlit widescreen (1366×768)
Memory: 2 GB or 4 GB DDR3 SDRAM @ 1066 MHz
Optical Drive: external 8X DVD+/-RW drive (option)
Graphics: Integrated Intel GMA X4500MHD
Storage: 1x SATA (250 GB (5400 RPM), 250 GB (7200 RPM) w/data encryption or 320 GB or 500 GB (7200 RPM))
Wireless: Dell Wireless 1397 802.11b/g or Intel PRO/Wireless 5100 802.11b/g/n
Webcam: Integrated 1.3 MP webcam
Battery: 6-cell (30 Whr) lithium ion
Starting Price: $449
Vostro 3300
The Vostro 3300 is a laptop with a 13.3 inch widescreen display aimed at small business. Dell offers an Intel Core i3 or i5 processor with up to 6 GB DDR3 RAM. The chassis is made of aluminum. The operating system installed is Windows 7 32-bit/64-bit with an XP downgrade as an option. Discrete graphics is an option, and pricing starts at $599. This model has been discontinued by Dell.
CPU: Intel Core i3-350M, Core i5-430M, Core i5-450M or Core i5-520M
Display: 13.3" LED display (1366×768) with anti-glare
Memory: 2 GB, 3 GB, 4 GB, or 6 GB DDR3 @ 1066 MHz (up to 8 GB supported)
Optical Drive: Dual-Layer 8X DVD+/-RW Drive
Graphics: Intel GMA HD or Nvidia Geforce 310M, 512 MB
Security Hardware: Fingerprint reader w/DigitalPersona software (optional)
Storage: 1x SATA (250 GB @7200 RPM (encrypted drive optional), 320 GB (7200 RPM), 500 GB (7200 RPM))
Wireless: Dell Wireless 1520 b/g/n
Webcam: Integrated 2.0 MP webcam
Battery: 4-cell lithium-ion
Starting Price: $599
Vostro 3400
The Vostro 3400 is a laptop with a 14-inch display aimed at small business. It offers updated Core i processors and larger batteries. Pricing starts at $549. Operating system options are the ones offered with the Vostro 3300.
CPU: Intel Core i3-370M or Core i5-450M
Display: 14" LED display (1366×768) with anti-glare
Memory: 3 or 4 GB DDR3 @ 1066 MHz (up to 8 GB supported)
Optical Drive: Dual-Layer 8X DVD+/-RW Drive
Graphics: Intel GMA HD or Nvidia Geforce 310M, 512 MB
Security Hardware: Fingerprint reader w/DigitalPersona software
Storage: 1x SATA 250 GB (7200 RPM) or 320 GB (7200 RPM)
Wireless: Dell Wireless 1520 b/g/n
Webcam: Integrated 1.0 MP (720p HD) webcam
Battery: 6-cell or 9-cell lithium-ion
Starting Price: $549
Vostro 3500
The Vostro 3500 is a laptop with a 15.6 inch display aimed at small business. Operating system options are the ones offered with the Vostro 3300. In some countries Ubuntu can be chosen as the operating system. Vostro 3500 production is discontinued.
CPU: Intel Core i3-350M, Core i5-450M, i5-460M, i5-520M or Core i7-640M
Display: 15.6" LED display (1366×768) with anti-glare
Memory: 2, 3, or 4 GB @ 1066 MHz (up to 8 GB supported)
Chipset: Intel HM57
Optical Drive: Dual-Layer 8X DVD+/-RW Drive
Graphics: Intel GMA HD or Nvidia Geforce 310M, 512 MB
Security Hardware: Fingerprint reader w/DigitalPersona software
Storage: 1x SATA 320 GB, or 500 GB (7200 RPM)
Wireless: Dell Wireless 1520 Wireless-N Half Mini Card (a/b/n = Wi-Fi 4)
Webcam: Integrated 2.0 MP webcam
Vostro 3550
The Vostro 3550 is a laptop with a 15.6 inch display aimed at small business. Operating system options are the same as those offered with the Vostro 3350.
CPU: Intel Core i3-2310M, Core i5-2410M or Core i7-2620M
Display: 15.6" LED display (1366×768) with anti-glare
Memory: PC3-10600 CL9 1.5 V modules - 2, 4 or 8 GB @ 1333 MHz (up to 8 GB officially, but works with 16GB as well)
Chipset: Intel HM67
Optical Drive: Dual-Layer 8X DVD+/-RW Drive
Graphics: Intel HD 3000 + optional ATI Radeon HD6630 (up to 1 GB VRAM)
Security Hardware: Fingerprint reader w/DigitalPersona software
Storage: 1x SATA 250 GB, 320 GB, or 500 GB (7200 RPM)
Wireless: Intel Wireless N-1030 b/g/n
Webcam: Integrated 2.0 MP webcam (UVC video)
Battery: 6-cell lithium-ion
Vostro 3560
The Vostro 3560 is Dell's 15.6" business notebook.
CPU: Core i5-3210M, Core i5-3230M or Core i7-3612QM
Display: 15.6" LED display (1920×1080) TN
Memory: 4GB, 8 GB DDR3 SDRAM @ 1600 MHz
Chipset: Intel HM77
Optical Drive: DVD+/-RW DualLayer
Graphics: Intel HD 4000 + optional ATI Radeon HD7670M (up to 1 GB VRAM)
Storage: 1x SATA 500 GB (7200 RPM)
Wireless: Intel Centrino Wireless-N 2230 (b/g/n = Wi-Fi 4)
Webcam: Integrated 1.3 MP webcam
Battery: 6-cell lithium-ion
Vostro 3700
The Vostro 3700 is a laptop with a 17.3 inch display aimed at small business. Pricing starts at $629. An Intel Core i7 processor is an option on the Vostro 3700, the only Vostro 3000 series laptop to offer this processor. Operating system options are the same as those offered with the Vostro 3300.
CPU: Intel Core i3-350M, Core i5-450M, i5-520M, or Core i7-720QM
Display: 17.3" LED display (1600×900) with anti-glare
Memory: 2GB, 3 GB, 4 GB DDR3 @ 1066 MHz (up to 8 GB supported)
Optical Drive: Dual-Layer 8X DVD+/-RW Drive
Graphics: Intel GMA HD or Nvidia Geforce 310M (512 MB) or Nvidia Geforce 330M GT (1024 MB)
Security Hardware: Fingerprint reader w/DigitalPersona software
Storage: 1× SATA (HDD 250 GB 7200 RPM, 320 GB 7200 RPM, 500 GB 7200 RPM)
Wireless: Dell Wireless 1520 b/g/n
Webcam: Integrated 2.0 MP webcam
Battery: 6-cell lithium-ion
Desktops
First Generation
General
Vostro 200 Slim Tower – Uses Intel Pentium Dual Core or Core 2 Duo
Vostro 200 Mini Tower
Vostro 230 Mini Tower – Uses Intel Dual Core, Core 2 Duo and Core 2 Quad processors
Phase 2 Release
Vostro 400 Mini Tower – Antec EarthWatts EA380 (same case as Vostro 200 Mini Tower)
Vostro 410 Tower – Uses the G33 chipset and features 3 external 5.25" drive bays.
Second Generation
Vostro 220S Slim Tower – Updated DVD/CD/Blu-ray slot case
Vostro 220 Mini Tower
Vostro 420 Tower – Uses the G45 chipset.
Third Generation
Vostro 230 Mini Tower/Desktop/Small Form Factor Desktop – Uses Intel Pentium/Core 2 Duo processors
Vostro 430 Mini Tower – Uses Nehalem Intel Core i5 and Core i7 processors.
Fourth generation
Vostro 260 Mini Tower – uses Sandy Bridge based Intel Pentium/Core i3/i5 processors.
Vostro 460 Mini Tower – uses Sandy Bridge based Intel Core i5/i7 processors.
Fifth generation
Vostro 270 Mini Tower – uses Ivy Bridge based Intel Pentium/Core i3/i5 processors.
Vostro 470 Mini Tower – uses Ivy Bridge based Intel Core i5/i7 processors.
Sixth generation
Dell Vostro 3900 – uses Haswell processors.
Seventh generation
Eight generation
Dell Vostro 3470/3471 Desktop Tower
Width: 3.65" (92.7mm)
Depth: 11.54" (293mm)
Height: 11.42" (290mm)
Starting weight: 9.6 lbs (4.35 kg)
Chipset: Intel B360
Processor: Intel Core i3-8100 (4-Core/4-Thread, 6MB Cache, 3.6GHz)
Operating system: Windows 10 Professional 64-bit English
Memory: 4GB DDR4 2400Mhz (minimum); 32GB DDR4 2400Mhz (maximum)
Hard drive: 3.5" 1TB 7200RPM SATA Hard Drive
Bluetooth: 4.0, 2.4 GHz, 1x1
Graphics: Intel® UHD Graphics 630 with shared graphics memory
Starting price: $389.00-$739.00
Dell Vostro 3670/3671 Desktop Tower
Width: 6.3" (160mm)
Depth: 11.39" (289.4mm)
Height: 14.71" (373.7mm)
Starting weight: 11.6 lbs (5.27 kg)
Chipset: Intel B360
Processor: Intel Core i3-9100 (minimum); Core i7-9700 (maximum)
Operating system: Windows 10 Professional 64-bit English
Memory: 4GB DDR4 2666Mhz (minimum); 32GB DDR4 2666Mhz (maximum)
Hard drive: 256GB M.2 PCIe NVMe Solid State Drive + 1TB 7200 rpm 3.5" SATA Hard Drive
Bluetooth: 4.0, 2.4 GHz, 1x1
Graphics: Intel® UHD Graphics 630; NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050Ti with 4GB GDDR5 Graphics Memory
Starting price: $389.00-$579.00
Ninth generation
Dell Vostro 5090 Desktop
Processor: 9th Gen Intel Core i7-9700 (8-Core, 12MB Cache, up to 4.7GHz with Intel Turbo Boost Technology)
Operating system: Windows 10 Pro 64-bit English
Memory: 8GB DDR4 2666MHz (minimum);
Graphics: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1660Ti 6GB GDDR6
Starting price: $699.00-$1349.00
Dimensions: Mini-tower version of Vostro 3000 series, i.e., no expansion slots
Other Desktops
Dell Vostro A100
Dell Vostro A180
Dell Vostro 270, 270S; 2012-2013
History
Notebooks and laptops
10 July 2007: 1000, 1400, 1500, 1700 (Windows XP or Vista)
18 December 2007: 1200 (Windows XP or Vista)
1 May 2008: 1310, 1510 (Windows XP or Vista)
15 May 2008: 1710 (Windows XP or Vista)
1 July 2009: 1220 (Windows XP and Windows 7)
23 October 2015: Vostro 14 5000 (Ubuntu, Windows 8.1, Windows 10)
Desktops
10 July 2007: 200 (Windows XP or Vista)
2015: Vostro 3900 (Windows 8.1)
2016: Vostro 3468, 3470, 3668, 3670 (Windows 10, Ubuntu)
See also
Dell Inspiron laptop computers
Dell Precision
DellEMC
Dell Technologies
Dell Inspiron desktop computers
Dell XPS
References
External links
Dell Vostro US
Dell's U.K. Vostro Site
Dell Malaysia Vostro laptops
Vostro
Consumer electronics brands
Computer-related introductions in 2013 | laptop Build Quality | 0.379 | 14,221 |
Sony Vaio G series
The Sony Vaio G series was a range of ultraportable subnotebook computers launched in 2007 with a 12.1" display.
Launch specs were a 1024x768 12.1" screen, Windows Vista, Intel Core Solo low-voltage U1500 (1.33 GHz) CPU, Intel GMA 950 graphics, 1GB RAM and a 100GB 5400rpm hard drive. It weighed 1.13 kg and included DVD burner, gigabit ethernet, Bluetooth and 802.11abg wireless. In October 2007 the model was updated with Intel Core 2 Duo U7500 (1.06 GHz) CPU.
One configuration exclusive to the Japan market featured an Intel Celeron SU2300 (1.2 GHz), 2GB-8GB RAM, Core 2 Duo SU9400 (1.4 GHz) or SU9600 (1.6 GHz) CPU, a choice of hard drive or dual SSDs, and Windows 7. It was possible to order a G Series without an optical drive, in which case the weight is reduced to 868 grams.
References
G
Computer-related introductions in 2007 | laptop Build Quality | 0.378 | 14,222 |
Lenovo Flex 10
The Lenovo Flex 10 is a flexible dual-mode laptop computer with a 10.1" screen released in 2014.
Launch
The Flex 10 was released in 2014. It was launched with a starting price of $550 in the United States.
Specifications and performance
The Flex 10 has 10.1-inch screen and supports ten-point multitouch in order to take advantage of Windows 8's touch-enabled features, including gestures. The screen rotates up to 300 degrees in order to support different use modes. Its resolution is 1366 by 768. The display is powered by Intel integrated graphics. The Flex 10's keyboard lays flat against the surface the device is sitting on when it is in "stand mode." A 720P webcam sits above the screen. The Flex 10 is 0.68 inches thick and weighs 2.6 pounds. Models with 4GB and 8GB of memory are available. There are options for both standard Pentium-class and Celeron-class processors from Intel. Hard drives are available with capacities up to 500GB. The Flex 10 includes both Bluetooth 4.0 and Wi-Fi. Ports included one USB 3.0 port, one USB 2.0 port, an HDMI output, and a jack for audio input and output.
The Flex 10 includes software called "Lenovo Energy Manager" that minimises power usage while maximizing battery durability. The Flex 10 includes another piece of software called "Veriface Pro" that uses the built-in camera and facial recognition to log users in without passwords.
Reviews
Writing for NDTV, Jamshed Avari wrote, "As it stands, the Lenovo Flex 10 is a fascinating product but not one we can see a strong target market for. It seems like just another Lenovo form-factor experiment. Pick it up if you love the looks and don't think a tablet would suit your needs..."
A review in the Hindustan Times stated, "The Flex 10 is a device for those who like the feel of a traditional keyboard as well as the thrill of a touchscreen. Thanks to its compact design, it can be carried around easily. However, owing to its low configuration, you will not be able to use resource-hogging software like Photoshop. The notebook is perfect for browsing, responding to mails, making presentations, doing some typing, playing games and watching movies while travelling."
See also
HP Envy x2
References
Flex 10 | laptop Build Quality | 0.376 | 14,223 |
Dell XPS
Dell XPS ("eXtreme Performance System") is a line of consumer-oriented high-end laptop and desktop computers manufactured by Dell.
Overview
The XPS name dates back to 1990 when Dell was more focused on corporate business than consumers. Gateway was number one in the high-end consumer market. In early 1993, there was a staff meeting to address how to pursue this emerging market. At this time, Dell's annual revenue was less than $500 million and Michael Dell was involved in most decisions. At this meeting, it was decided to launch a new high-end product line to compete with Gateway. Vernon Weiss was assigned as product manager to spearhead and manage the marketing of the new product. He worked with Brian Zucker who led the architecture and engineering effort. In September 1993, the first two versions of the XPS line were announced. The first generation of the XPS system was available as either a desktop or a tower case. This new product line was so far ahead of the competition that it was featured on the cover of the October 1993 issue of PC/Computing.
For the next three years, with Vernon Weiss and Brian Zucker continuing to evolve the product line, the XPS systems beat the competition in over 100 magazine reviews and covers, being the first to adopt the latest PC technology available and bring it to the consumers at an attractive price. The XPS mainly competes against computers such as Acer's Aspire, HP's Pavilion and Envy, Lenovo's X1, Samsung's Sens, and Apple MacBook Pro.
From 1997 to 2001, as Dell grew into a large corporation, the XPS line lost its position as the leading-edge performance machines and became essentially just a line for fast computers. In 2005 Dell revamped the XPS line to compete with Alienware (now owned by Dell) and Falcon Northwest.
In 2005, Dell separated its home desktop systems into two lines: Dell Dimension and XPS. Consumer notebooks were also separated into two lines: Inspiron and XPS. While the XPS designation used to mean the hardware was high-end and well suited for gaming, that is no longer the case. For example, the XPS 200 is limited to extremely low-end video cards, while the XPS M140 is only configurable with Intel video, thus making both systems unsuited for gaming or high-end usage.
Dell had considered buying Alienware from 2002, but did not take any action until March 22, 2006 when they purchased the company. Alienware maintained its autonomy in terms of design and marketing. However, Alienware's access to Dell's supply chain management, purchasing power, and economies of scale lowered its operating costs. The XPS line initially had the same specifications as those offered by the Alienware division. In 2008, Dell introduced "Studio XPS" and Dell advertised it as a performance computer line while Alienware was being advertised for gaming. On June 2, 2009, The M17x was introduced as the First Alienware/Dell branded system.
XPS Tower 8000 series
XPS Tower (8940)
The 2020 Dell XPS 8940 features Intel's 10th-generation i5, i7 and i9 CPUs.
XPS Tower (8930)
The 2017 Dell XPS 8930 features Intel's 8th-generation i5 and i7 CPUs on an LGA 1151 socket.
XPS Tower (8910)
Dell XPS Towers were released in July 2016. Three systems were introduced: the XPS Tower, XPS Tower VR, and the XPS Tower Special Edition. All systems are introduced with 6th-generation (Skylake) i5 and i7 CPUs, at least 8 GiB of DDR4 memory, and are designed with an easy to open chassis for simple expandability. One of the main differences from the 8900 is that now the m.2 connector supports 4 PCI-E lanes instead of 1. The VR and Special Edition meet and exceed the minimum recommended specifications for running virtual reality and the Special Edition passed testing for the Oculus Ready and HTC Vive Optimized certification programs.
XPS 8900
The Dell XPS 8900 was released in October 2015. It is designed for moderate to heavy gaming and high-end workstation performance. It features Intel's 6th-generation (Skylake) i5 and i7 CPUs on an LGA 1151 socket. It also includes an upgrade to higher-bandwidth DDR4 memory.
XPS 8700
The Dell XPS 8700 was released in 2013. It was designed for moderate to heavy gaming and high-end workstation performance. It features a Dell 0KWVT8 motherboard with an LGA-1150 socket. It comes with a quad-core Intel Core i7 processor and an Nvidia Geforce GTX 660. A special edition is available with an AMD Radeon R9 270.
System specifications
Memory:
Type: unbuffered, non-ECC, dual-channel DDR3 (Up to 1600 MHz)
Maximum: 32 GiB, with 2, 4 or 8 GiB in base
Video:
Integrated: Intel HD Graphics 4600 (Up to 1.7 GiB system)
Additional:
Nvidia Geforce GTX 660 (1.5 GiB GDDR5)
AMD Radeon R9 270 (2 GiB GDDR5)
Communications:
Network Adapter: 10/100/1000 Mbit/s integrated network card
Wireless: Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n and Bluetooth 4.0
WLAN options (The DW1520 card, and the DW1501 card are IEEE 802.11n certified):
Chip: Broadcom BCM4313 (b/g/n (2.4 GHz) 150 Mbit/s) + FCC ID: QDS-BRCM10 50 + "Dell Wireless 1501 WLAN Half Mini-Card"
Chip: Broadcom BCM4322 (a/b/g/n-draft (2.4 or 5 GHz) 300 Mbit/s) + FCC ID: QDS-BRCM10 31 + "Dell Wireless 1510 Wireless-N WLAN Mini-Card"
Chip: Broadcom BCM43224 (a/b/g/n (2.4 or 5 GHz) 300 Mbit/s) + FCC ID: QDS-BRCM10 41 + "Dell Wireless 1520 Wireless-N WLAN Mini-Card"
Motherboard:
Dell 0KWVT8
CPU:
Intel Core i7 4790 (8 MiB L3 Cache;3.6 GHz Base Clock, Turbo to 4.0 GHz)
Integrated Graphics — Intel HD 4600
XPS 8500
Released on May 2, 2012, the Dell XPS 8500 is the first version in this series to have the third-generation Intel Quad Core i5 and i7 processor added to it. This version of the XPS's motherboard uses the Intel Chipset H77 with socket LGA 1155 and has USB 3.0 ports built into the front. The "Special Edition" version of this desktop, (starting price $999 as of Jan '13), comes standard with such advanced features as an Intel Core i7, Blu-ray drive and a 32 GiB Intel mSATA SSD mounted on the motherboard to enhance the operational speed of the traditional hard disk.
System specifications
Memory:
Type: unbuffered, non-ECC, quad-channel DDR3 (Up to 1600 MHz)
Maximum: 32 GiB, with 2/4/8 GiB in base
Video:
Integrated: Intel HD Graphics 2500/4000 (Up to 1 GiB system)
Additional:
Nvidia Geforce GT 620 – 1 GiB GDDR5
Nvidia Geforce GT 640 – 1 GiB GDDR5
Nvidia Geforce GTX 660 – 1.5 GiB GDDR5
AMD Radeon HD 7570 – 1 GiB GDDR5
AMD Radeon HD 7770 – 2 GiB GDDR5
AMD Radeon HD 7870 – 2 GiB GDDR5
Communications:
Network Adapter: 10/100/1000 Mbit/s integrated network card
Wireless: Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n; Bluetooth 4.0
XPS 8300
This series uses Intel H67 socket 1155 Sandy bridge CPU's, such as i5-2320 and i7-2600K.
Motherboard:
Dell 0Y2MRG (DH67M01 TB0420)
Memory:
Type: unbuffered, non-ECC, quad-channel DDR3
Maximum: 32 GiB, with 2/4/8 GiB in base
WLAN options (The DW1520 card, and the DW1501 card are IEEE 802.11n certified):
Chip: Broadcom BCM4313 (b/g/n (2.4 GHz) 150 Mbit/s) + FCC ID: QDS-BRCM10 50 + "Dell Wireless 1501 WLAN Half Mini-Card"
Chip: Broadcom BCM4322 (a/b/g/n-draft (2.4 or 5 GHz) 300 Mbit/s) + FCC ID: QDS-BRCM10 31 + "Dell Wireless 1510 Wireless-N WLAN Mini-Card"
Chip: Broadcom BCM43224 (a/b/g/n (2.4 or 5 GHz) 300 Mbit/s) + FCC ID: QDS-BRCM10 41 + "Dell Wireless 1520 Wireless-N WLAN Mini-Card"
XPS 8100
Released in 2010, the Dell Studio XPS 8100 was a mid-range, all-purpose PC aimed at home users. It had a Core i5-650 processor, 4 GiB of DDR3 RAM, 1 TB of hard drive space and an NVIDIA GTS 240 graphics card as standard.
XPS One 27"
The Dell XPS One 27" is an all-in-one PC that, hence its name, features a 27-inch screen with a resolution of 2560 pixels wide and a height of 1440 pixels. It is the recipient of CNET's 2012 Editor's Choice Award, and it was also awarded as PCMag's best all-in-one PC of 2012.
CNET editor Rich Brown, who authored the review awarding the XPS One 27" the Editor's Choice Award, noted that it "boasts the highest-display resolution among Windows 8 all-in-ones, and at an aggressive price."
On its page discussing PCMag's selections for the best products of the year, it said that the all-in-one "manages to put almost every technology and feature we're looking for in a compact stylish chassis."
There are reports from many buyers complaining of a quality control issue on the screen. There are dust particles trapped between the screen and the touch panel. Some buyers even received several exchanges or screens replacements and the issue still remains. Some people may not notice but turning the brightness up will show these spots. They look like dead pixels.
Studio XPS
The Studio XPS, also referred to as Studio XPS 435MT, was released November 16, 2008. This is a PC with performance somewhat between the XPS 420 and 630. Its processor is the Intel Core i7. The current Studio XPS models, however, are not as gamer-oriented, with only one PCIe x16 slot and a 475 watt power supply. It has RAID0/1 support, however, as well as the capability of up to 24 GB of RAM. Later this model was renamed to the Studio XPS 9000, later succeeded by a newer version, the Studio XPS 9100.
XPS One 20 and XPS One 24
Released on November 19, 2007, the Dell XPS One is an all-in-one desktop designed for "minimal fuss and maximum cordless connectivity", and ships with the power cord, and a wireless keyboard with a touchpad and wireless mouse prepared to the system. The XPS One comes in 20-inch (XPS One 20) and 24-inch (XPS One 24) models. The 20-inch model has an Intel Core 2 Duo E4500, while the 24-inch model has an Intel Core 2 Quad Q8200. The 20-inch model has 2 GB of dual-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 667 MHz, while the 24-inch model has 4 GB of dual-channel DDR2 SDRAM @ 800 MHz. The XPS One 20 has integrated Intel GMA 3100 graphics, while the XPS One 24 has integrated Intel GMA X4500HD graphics, and can be customized with an nVidia GeForce 9600M GT graphics card when chosen with PRODUCT (RED). The XPS One 20 has a WSXGA (1680×1050) resolution with 16.7 million colors, a 1000:1 contrast ratio, an 80° viewing angle, and a 5 ms response time. The XPS One 24 has a WUXGA (1900×1200) resolution with 16.7 million colors, a 1200:1 contrast ratio, an 89° viewing angle, and a 6 ms response time. The 20-inch model has integrated High Definition Audio and 10 watt stereo speakers, while the 24-inch model has SoundBlaster Audigy HD software with 25 watt premium JBL speakers with an integrated subwoofer. The XPS One 20 and XPS One 24 were subsequently discontinued by Dell.
XPS 18
The Dell XPS 18 was announced in April 2013. It is an all-in-one computer that also functions as a large tablet. It has a screen size of 18.4 inches.
XPS H Series
A system that came out circa 1996/97. It contained an Intel Pentium II (Klamath) CPU, EDO DRAM, and an i440FX chipset.
XPS D series
A system that came out in 1997. It contained an Intel Pentium II (Klamath) CPU, SDRAM, and an i440LX chipset.
XPS R series
A system that was introduced in 1998. It contained an Intel Pentium II (Deschutes) CPU, SDRAM, and an i440BX chipset.
XPS T series
A system that was introduced in 1999. It contained an Intel Pentium III CPU, SDRAM, and an i440BX chipset. An "r" suffix was used for Socket 370 versions, while no suffix was used for Slot 1 versions.
XPS B series
A system that was introduced in 2000. It contained an Intel Pentium III CPU, 128 MB of RDRAM, an ATi RAGE graphics card, and an i820 chipset. An "r" suffix was used for Socket 370 versions, while no suffix was used for Slot 1 versions. Later models (especially the "R" series) had a built in DVD drive.
XPS Gen 2
Included Pentium 4 processor with Hyper-Threading Technology (3.4 GHz, 800 MHz Bus, Microsoft Windows XP Professional, 400 MHz dual-channel DDR SDRAM (400 MHz), Supports SATA and IDE hard drives, 1 AGP Slot, 4 PCI slots, Sound Blaster Audigy², and Dell Wireless Keyboard and Mouse. Video Card included was ATI Radeon 9800 Pro (AGP x8).
It was powered by a 460 watt proprietary power supply and featured decorative LEDs on the front of the case that the user could change the colors of in the BIOS.
XPS Gen 3
Base configuration had a Pentium 4 processor at a speed of 3.0 GHz or higher, 512 MiB of DDR, 400 MHz memory, a single 80 GB 7200 RPM hard drive, an ATI Radeon X800 XT graphics card, and a Sound Blaster Audigy² audio card. It came pre-installed with Windows XP Home Edition.
XPS Gen 4
Base configuration had a Pentium 4 processor at a speed of 3.0 GHz or higher, 512 MiB of DDR2, 533 MHz memory, a single 160 GB 7200 RPM hard drive, an NVIDIA GeForce 6800 graphics card, and a Sound Blaster Audigy² audio card. It came pre-installed with Windows XP Home Edition.
XPS Gen 5
Used a Pentium 4 HT processor with 512 KiB, 1 MiB, or 2 MiB of L2 Cache. It can support up to 8 GiB of DDR2 memory @ 533 MHz or 667 MHz.
XPS 200 series
XPS 200
This model was available from late 2005 to the end of the third quarter of 2006. It was replaced by the XPS 210, which is nearly identical to its predecessor. The main exception in this case is the upgrade to an Intel Core 2 Duo processor and other minor adjustments.
XPS 210
A small-form-factor case that is 67% smaller than the XPS 410. It does not use full-size PCI slots. The XPS 200 is aimed at being a low-impact machine, meaning it blends in better with the room's features. It is more of a multimedia computer than an actual gaming machine, despite the XPS name. The main difference between the XPS 210 and its predecessor, the XPS 200, is the upgrade to the Intel Core 2 Duo processor line. This makes the XPS 210 faster than the XPS 200.
XPS 400 series
XPS 400
This model was available during late 2005 and the first half of 2006. It was replaced by the XPS 410, which is nearly identical with the exception of an optional Intel Core 2 Duo processor and slightly different audio and video card options
XPS 410
The former intermediate model of the XPS series and bigger brother to the Dimension E520. It features a base configuration of an Intel Core 2 Duo processor, and a 2.4 GHz Core 2 Quad is also available as an option. Other base options include the Nvidia GeForce 7300LE, 7200RPM SATA-300 hard drive, and dual-channel DDR2 RAM. The case is nearly identical to that of the Dimension E520, with an additional 3.5-inch drive bay being added. The case is physically taller because of this. The power supply is also slightly more powerful than the Dimension E520 (375 W vs 305 W, respectively and has an added 6 pin PCIe power cable). The XPS 410 replaced the XPS 400. It was replaced by the XPS 420. XPS 410 units were also sold as the Dimension 9200, allowing Dell to continue selling remaining units after the XPS 410 was discontinued.
In an odd twist, the Dimension 9200 was the final desktop in the Dimension line, effectively making an XPS unit the last in the Dimension family.
XPS 420
Now discontinued, it features similar components to the XPS 410, but it used different case design and new features. This was Dell's media based computer featuring the Dell Xcelerator (a simple and effective Video Recorder), and an LCD screen in the case, running Windows Vista SideShow. As usual with the 4XX Line of XPS's, it did not allow for SLI Graphics. The XPS 420 added support for 45 nm Core2 Duo/Quad/ and Extreme CPUs up to the QX9650.
XPS 430
Similar to 420, with DDR3 RAM and without the LCD on the computer chassis.
Studio XPS 435T (or Studio XPS 9000/9100), Studio XPS 435MT
The Dell XPS 435T was a mid-tower desktop that originally shipped with a Nehalem-based Intel Core i7 processor. The system's motherboard used Intel's X58 chipset, allowing for 3 memory channels over 6 available DIMM slots. The XPS 435T is able to support Westmere-based Core i7 and Xeon processors (supporting up to 6 cores) with the latest BIOS update.
The XPS435MT was a smaller Mini Tower version that shared the X58 chipset. Unlike the 435T, the 435MT's BIOS was never updated to support Westmere-based Core i7 or Xeon chips. The motherboard is a variation of the MSI 7591 MicroATX.
XPS 600 series
XPS 600
The former flagship model of the XPS series that features an Intel dual-core Pentium D 950 processor, dual Nvidia GeForce 7900GTX in SLI mode, 7200 RPM SATA hard drive, and dual-channel DDR2 RAM. This case has not changed significantly over the past several generations, with the large aluminum plate on the front. Discontinued a few days after XPS 700 launch and succeeded by the XPS 700.
XPS 625
A version of the XPS 630 but with AMD Phenom II chips and ATI Graphics.
XPS 630
This 2008's desktop at one time filled the gap between the media-oriented XPS 420/430 and the high-end XPS 730x. There is no physical difference(s) between the 630 and the 630i. The marketing concept was to use an "i" to designate systems installed with an Intel chipset, and an "a" for systems with AMD-installed chipsets, but since Intel-based chipsets were the only models ever sold, this designation holds little significance. The 630 features a Dell-modified Nvidia nForce 650i chipset that supports both SLI and CrossFire configurations, but lacks ESA certification (the only ESA-certified component in the 630i is Dell's "Master Input/Output" (or "MIO") printed circuit board). The XPS 630 at one time came standard with an Intel Core 2 Quad Q6600 CPU and dual Nvidia GeForce 8800GT graphics cards.
Problems and solutions
There were several issues with the XPS 630 including problems with the chassis fan control, chassis LED lights, and non-shipment of the LightFX 2.0 lightshow control software. limited PCIe slot configuration (8,8,1,1 unlike OEM Nvidia 650i SLI motherboards which also offer the 16,1,1,1 configuration), constant HDD LED activity, and a reliability issue due to a problem inherent in the Nvidia 650i SLI chipset that can surface when overclocking with 4 or more gigabytes of RAM. The problems resulted in PC PRO revoking their Recommended award for the system.
The July 22, 2009 release of a Softex Media Plug-in has provided some of the features originally advertised in LightFX. BIOS updates were issued to patch the constant HDD LED activity. Some 630i owners have bypassed the aforementioned problems by swapping out the Dell-modified 650i motherboard with OEM motherboards such as the EVGA nForce 780i SLI FTW. The motherboard has 8 lanes wired for each PCIe slot, which can restrict performance if using a single high-performance graphics card. Performance is equivalent to other systems with 650i chipset motherboards when using two graphics cards in SLI mode.
XPS 700 series
XPS 700
Targeted at the gaming community, this model featured the Intel Pentium D Extreme processors in speeds up to 3.7 GHz with dual nVidia GeForce 7900 GTX in SLI mode, a 7200RPM SATA hard drive and dual-channel DDR2 RAM. This desktop was advertised as being overclockable but was not. Dell would later offer a free XPS 720 motherboard upgrade program to all XPS 700 and 710 owners so that these machines could be overclocked with the bios. The aluminum case featured a distinctive "leaning" design. The XPS 700 used significantly larger power supplies (750 watt and 1 kilowatt) than the other XPS models to accommodate higher-end video cards and overclocked CPUs. Unlike its forerunners, it used a BTX motherboard, thereby limiting upgradability. It was replaced by the XPS 710 and many customers were offered a free motherboard upgrade to XPS 720 specification following complaints about the system.
XPS 710
The formal flagship model of the XPS series that features the new Intel Core 2 Duo and Core 2 Extreme processors, as well as Core 2 Quad processors. Other features include dual nVidia GeForce 7950 GX2 in Quad SLI mode, 7200RPM SATA hard drive, dual-channel DDR2 RAM. The XPS 710 uses significantly larger power supplies than the other XPS models to accommodate higher-end video cards and overclocked CPUs. It was replaced by the XPS 720.
XPS 720, XPS 720 H2C
Announced on November 24, 2007, the XPS 720 is the same as the XPS 720 H2C, except it does not have the "dual-stage radiator cooling technology." It comes in two versions, the Red Special Edition, which is the same as the Black normal one, they both come with a 1 kW power supply.
The H2C edition computer has included a dual-stage radiator cooling technology, and a motherboard capable of overclocking its quad core Intel Core 2 Extreme QX6800. The H2C comes standard with dual Nvidia GeForce 8800GTX cards running in SLI at a price of $6,780. The XPS 720 H2C uses slightly higher quality parts than other XPS classes. At the time it was one of the most powerful and fastest pre-built systems an individual could purchase by a significant margin.
XPS 730 H2C
The 730 H2C had H2C (a high-performance cooling system) as standard, which was ideal for gaming and overclocking. Its motherboard, the Nvidia nForce 790i Ultra, was capable of overclocking its quad core Intel Core 2 Extreme QX9770 up to 3.64 GHz. Dual channel DDR3 SDRAM system memory was available in United States and UK. There was a choice of colors also at some outlets. The basic model specs of the PC were: Intel Core 2 Extreme Processor QX9650 (3.46 GHz Overclocked), DUAL 1 GiB ATI Radeon 3870 X2 Crossfire X Graphics Card, 2 GiB Memory, 1 TB 7200rpm Dual HDD. The base price in the UK was £2,499. The system also came with an improved H2C cooling device, seen on ultra high gaming computers. This has since been replaced by the XPS 730x (see above).
XPS 730X, XPS 730X H2C
Released on November 16, 2008, the XPS 730X is essentially an XPS 730 with the new Intel Core i7 which also used the new Intel X58 chipset Motherboards.
The XPS 730X H2C was the higher-end version of the 730X that made use of H2Ceramic cooling and often shipped with factory-overclocked Core i7 Extreme Edition processors.
The 730X also integrates Alienware's AlienFX and a new theatre lighting system. The internals of the 730X have also been redone for ease of upgrades, although most of the inside remains the same. The 730X supported a Tri-Channel of 6 GB of DDR3. The graphics card support was either a dual or single NVIDIA Geforce GTX 285, or a single ATI Radeon HD 4870 X2. The 730X originally shipped with Windows Vista, but eventually offered Windows 7 near the end of its availability.
Dell internally discontinued the XPS 730X and XPS 730X H2C in its US online store on August 1, 2009 and cancelled any remaining orders after August 15, 2009. It has been mentioned that this was done to focus more attention for customers seeking gaming computers, such as Alienware. The desktop was officially discontinued on September 17, 2009 (see Dell XPS 730x).
Dell returned to develop their XPS performance line. The three new laptops, released in October 2010, have many new features and specifications from the old models. They feature JBL speakers with Waves MaxxAudio 3 technology, and have integrated 3D graphics. The line is the first to be Skype-certified for video chat. They have Intel i5 and i7 processors. The X-Fi upgrade offered by Dell is not actually a hardware upgrade but a software-based processing package which "provides premium audio quality, effects and features".
XPS 11
XPS 11 (9P33)
Dell announced the XPS 11 in June 2013. It features an 11.6-inch screen that can be folded backwards almost 360 degrees to act as a tablet. It shipped with Windows 8.1 and a "Haswell" Intel Core i5 processor.
XPS 12
XPS 12 (9Q23)
The XPS 12 is a convertible laptop. The convertible mirrors the general aesthetic of the Dell XPS 13 ultrabook and other models in the XPS lineup, although the hybrid swaps out its predecessors' aluminum look for a carbon-fiber exterior. The lid and exterior edge are framed by a machined aluminum edge, while the interior consists of a magnesium-alloy palm rest coated in matte black paint. The Dell XPS 12's body was made with a fingerprint-resisting coating. It possesses a hinged, flip-screen LCD. Applying a push to the top of the screen frees the 12.5 inches, 1920×1080 resolution, 400-nit brightness display from the magnetic locks that hold it in place. The convertible's 1.7 GHz Core i5-3317U processor sports Intel HD Graphics 4000 integrated graphics, which combine with 4 GiB of RAM and a 128 GB solid-state drive and Core i5 processor, but ups the memory to 8 GiB and the storage to 256 GB. Some models configuration includes the Core i7 processor, 8 GiB of RAM, and the 256 GB SSD.
XPS 12 (9Q33)
In July 2013, Dell released its XPS 12 with Intel Haswell (4th Generation) processor. This upgrade came as a boost in the Ultrabook's performance as well as battery life. Dell also added near field communication in this device.
XPS 12 (9250)
In 2015, Dell released a new XPS 12 with Intel Skylake Core M processors. The hinge system was removed and replaced with a fully detachable display. The device has a 4K Ultra HD (3860×2160) display, a kickstand and an 8MP rear camera and a 5MP front camera. The new XPS 12 has an all-metal build from the new XPS 13.
XPS 13
XPS 13 (L321X, Early 2012)
The Dell XPS 13 was unveiled at CES 2012. It is the company's first Ultrabook, a term coined by Intel. The XPS 13 features a 13.3-inch screen (1366×768 Non-Touch Corning Gorilla Glass) and uses flash memory to help with fast booting. The XPS 13 features certain unique design elements. The edges are rounded and the bottom is made of carbon fibre, with a gentle silicone surface treatment. A battery level indicator was also present, and is functional when powered off. Note: Intel Chipset is 2nd generation I series.
Dell also offers a developer's version of the XPS 13 running Ubuntu Linux.
XPS 13 (L322X, Early 2013)
The slightly heavier, revised version of L321X. Difference with the previous version include: 4-8 DDR3L RAM, up to 1600 MHz, Mobile Intel 7 series express chipset QS77 (Panther Point, 3rd generation I series), Intel HD 4000 graphics instead of 3000, two USB 3.0 ports, an upgraded wireless card, and a 13.3-inch HD WLED, HD/FHD TrueLife with Gorilla glass LCD.
XPS 13 (9333, Late 2013)
Released in 2013. Includes a 13.3" LED backlit touch screen display with 1920×1080 resolution and Corning Gorilla Glass, Intel Core fourth generation i5-4200U or i7-4500U processor (with integrated chipset and Intel HD 4400 Graphics), Windows 8.1 (64-bit), 4 or 8 GiB Dual Channel DDR3 1600 MHz RAM, 128 or 256 GB mSATA SSD, Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 7260 + Bluetooth wireless, and 55 WHr 6-Cell Battery. However, Dell has not fixed the issue with this generation – a high pitched noise emitting from the keyboard area to the right.
XPS 13 (9343, Early 2015)
Announced at CES and released in January 2015, the latest XPS 13 comes with the new Intel Broadwell processors and a renovated 3200×1800 touchscreen of 13.3" set in a very thin frame, and claims up to 15 hours of battery life and many other
XPS 13 (9350, Late 2015)
Released in October 2015, the 9350 is similar to the 9343 but with the new Intel Skylake processor (6th generation I series) and a Thunderbolt 3 (with USB 3.1 Gen 2 support) in lieu of the mini-DisplayPort. There was also another model with i7-6560 CPU and Iris 540 graphics released later for better graphics performance. One of the biggest improvements was an increase in available integrated RAM memory to 16 GiB DDR3L (in highest versions). It was criticized for the placement of the webcam in the bottom bezel.
XPS 13 (9360, Late 2016 and Late 2017)
Released in October 2016, the 9360 is similar to the 9350 but with the new Intel Kaby Lake processor (7th generation U series) or, in some models from late 2017 onwards, Intel's 8th generation (Kaby Lake-R) U series processors. The XPS 13 Developer Edition comes preloaded with Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.
XPS 13 2-in-1 (9365, Early 2017)
The 9365 is similar to the late 2016 XPS 13 (9360) but with a flexible hinge allowing it to fold over into tablet mode.
The laptop also features face recognition to login.
XPS 13 (9370, Early 2018)
Released in January 2018, the 9370 has an entirely new design refresh, with a smaller footprint and lighter chassis. The battery capacity dropped from 60 watt-hours to 52 watt-hours, most likely due to the smaller form factor. This refresh has Intel's 8th generation Core i5 and Core i7 processors, and starts at $USD999, $USD200 more than the 9360. Dell has dropped the barrel-style connector, previously used to charge the device, and now includes two Thunderbolt 3, a micro SD card reader, one USB-C port and one headphone jack. Dell is also offering a model in white, which uses a different palm rest material than the previous carbon fiber palm rest and deck on the 9360.
XPS 13 (9380, Early 2019)
Released in January 2019, the 9380 has the webcam back at the top of its monitor. Dell again includes two Thunderbolt 3, a micro SD card reader, one USB-C port and one headphone jack. This refresh has Intel's 8th generation Core i3-8145U, i5-8265U, and Core i7-8565U processors, codenamed Whiskey Lake. The base i3 model starts at $949 (USD) but with only 4 GB of RAM, and goes up all the way to $1,659 (USD) with the i7 model.
XPS 13 2-in-1 (7390, Mid 2019)
The XPS-13 2-in-1 is one of the first in the line-up to be offered with a 10th generation 10 nm Intel Ice Lake processor with Intel Iris Plus integrated graphics. It has a new 13.4 inch screen with aspect ratio of 16:10, and was launched in August 2019. This model has a soldered SSD which cannot be upgraded, and unlike the 2017 model which is silent and fanless, this model does have two fans for active cooling.
XPS 13 (7390, Late 2019)
Following the launch of the XPS 13 2-in-1, the refreshed XPS was offered with a new 10th generation 14 nm Comet Lake processor up to an 6-core i7-10710U with Intel UHD integrated graphics. It is physically identical to the early 2019 XPS 13 9380.
XPS 13 (9300, Early 2020)
The XPS 13 (9300), like the 2-in-1 7390 updates to the new 10th generation 10 nm Intel Ice Lake processors up to an i7-1065G7, features a new 13.4" inch screen with an aspect ratio of 16:10 and a front-facing webcam supporting Windows Hello facial recognition. Compared to the previous XPS 13 7390, it has a better battery life, larger touchpad and larger keys albeit with slightly reduced travel. It was launched during CES 2020.
XPS 13 (9310, Late 2020)
The XPS 13 (9310) was released on September 30, 2020 in USA and Canada. It has the same chassis as the previous generation and features Intel's new 11th generation 10 nm Tiger Lake processors along with support for Thunderbolt 4.
XPS 13 2-in-1 (9310, Late 2020)
The XPS 13 2-in-1 (9310) was released on September 30, 2020 in USA and Canada along with the 9310. It has almost the same build as the late 2019 2-in-1; the weight has decreased, at 2.8 pounds from 2.9, and the keyboard layout was tweaked. It features Intel's new 11th generation 10 nm Tiger Lake processors, which use Intel's improved Intel Iris Xe integrated graphics.
XPS 13 (9305, Mid 2021)
The XPS 13 (9305) returns to a 16:9 aspect ratio screen based upon the Intel 11th gen i5 and i7 processors. While similar to the 9310, the 9305 includes an additional USB-C port (3 in total) and utilizes an earlier generation chassis with a narrower keyboard (2019 era). The 9305 is intended to be a lower cost model; the screen only comes in 1080p resolution and the maximum hard drive and memory sizes are 512GB and 16GB respectively.
XPS 14
XPS 14 (L401X)
This XPS was released in the summer of 2011 and is a 14-inch HD WLED screen with resolution up to 1366×768 (touch screen iCESs optional) bundled in Intel Core i3-360M processor (2.4 GHz, 2Core/4Threads, 3M cache), 4 GiB 1333 MHz DDR3 SDRAM. Its base-price at release is $USD999 and comes with i3 360 m . it can be customized up to the intel core i7 740Qm . It is equipped with a 2011 1 GiB NVIDIA GeForce GT 420M Graphics (for Core-i5 processors) and GT 425M (for Core-i7 processors). It can also be customized with up to 8 GiB of DDR3 memory. The computer can either have a 500 GB 7200 RPM SATA hard drive, or a 256 GB solid state drive. This laptop has a sleek anodized aluminium LCD back cover. It also had World's first camera with Hi-Definition Video Streaming with Skype (2.0MP, H.264 Camera), JBL 2.0 Speakers with Waves MaxxAudio v3.0 enhancement for a 6-Way audio performance, Biometric – Fast Access facial recognition system.
XPS 14 (L421X)
The XPS 14 was released in the summer of 2012 and is a 14-inch laptop. Its base-price at release is $USD999 and it can be customized up to the third generation Intel Core i7. It is equipped with a 2012 NVIDIA GT 630M (on higher models) or Intel HD graphics 4000 (on the base model), and can be customized with up to 8 GiB of DDR3 memory. The computer can either have a 500 GB 7200 RPM SATA hard drive, or a 256 GB SSD. This laptop is an ultrabook featuring a long battery life (claimed to be 9hours) and a sleek aluminium unibody shell.
XPS 15
XPS 15 (L501X/L502X, October 2010 )
The XPS 15 was released in October 2010 and is a 15.6-inch laptop. Its base-price at release is $849 and it can be customized up to the Intel Core i7. It is equipped with a 2010 NVIDIA GT 435M or 420M video card, and can be customized with up to 8 GiB of DDR3 memory. This made it a good gaming laptop for its time. The base model comes with 500 GB 7200 rpm SATA hard drive, but options include a 640 GB 7200 RPM SATA hard drive, or a 256 GiB SSD. It also contains a 16x DVD/Blu-ray reader/burner, and a 9-in-1 media card reader. The screen resolution is either 1366×768 or 1920×1080. The Nvidia graphics card used in Dell 15 (L501x) turns off or on automatically for specific applications demanding dedicated graphics. It has integrated JBL 2.1 Speakers + Waves MaxxAudio enhancement. It is equipped with 2 MP webcam. It has two USB 3.0 ports and one eSATAp port. The following year the XPS 15 (L502x) had both its processor and graphics card upgraded, with the processor being upgraded from the Arrandale to the Sandy Bridge chipset and the graphics upgraded to either a Nvidia 525M or 540M with 1 or 2 GiB of RAM respectively.
XPS 15 (L521X, Summer 2012)
The Dell XPS 15 L521X was first released in Summer 2012. Includes a 15.6-inch screen (1920x1080 Corning Gorilla Glass FHD WLED with TrueLife) and was much thinner than its predecessor. Its design was similar to Dell XPS 13 L321X and Dell XPS 14 L421X: the edges are rounded and the bottom is made of carbon fiber, with a gentle silicone surface treatment. It features Intel HM77 Express Chipset with Intel Core i5/i7 (3rd generation, up to i7-3632QM) CPU, from 4 to 16 GiB replaceable DDR3 memory (2 slots), GeForce GT630M / GT640M with 1 GiB / 2 GiB of GDDR5 and one mSATA mini card slot paired with classic 2.5 inch SATA slot.
XPS 15 (9530, October 2013)
The Dell XPS 15 Touch Screen laptop (9530, using Haswell) was first released in October 2013, is a high-end notebook. It was the fourth generation XPS 15, which has taken many of the design elements of the Ivy Bridge Edition XPS 15 but fixes the cooling/throttling, adds a Haswell CPU and an updated GeForce GT 750M, no optical drive, and a relatively high-resolution 3200×1800 display. The XPS 15 shipped with Windows 8.1. Worth mention is that there are three different models of the new XPS 15 available right now. The base model XPS 15 comes with a 1920×1080 touchscreen display (it is unclear if this is a TN panel or not), 500 GB HDD with 32 GiB msata SSD cache, dual-core i5-4200H CPU, 8 GiB RAM, integrated HD 4400 Graphics, and a 61Wh battery. A mid-range model has a quad-core i7-4702HQ CPU, 3200×1800 PPS (similar to IPS) touchscreen, 16 GiB RAM, GT 750M GDDR5 GPU, a 1 TB HDD with 32 GiB SSD cache, and a 61 Wh battery. The high-end edition is mostly the same as the mid-range model but replaces the HDD with a 512 GB mSATA SSD and adds a larger 91 Wh battery in place of the 2.5" drive. There is also higher resolution 4k 3840x2160, slightly better CPU - i7-4712HQ.
The 9530 has been criticized for the instability of 802.11ac Wi-Fi. Currently this model has an issue with respect to an annoying electrical/hissing noise called 'Coil Whine'.
XPS 15 (9550, October 2015)
On October 8, 2015, Dell refreshed the XPS 15 (9550) with the Skylake microarchitecture. A 15.6-inch UltraSharp™ InfinityEdge display is included to fit into the body of a relatively small notebook that responds well to standard Windows 8.1 swipes and commands. Edge-to-edge Gorilla Glass NBT covers the screen. The chiclet-keys of backlight keyboard are matte black and feature a slightly concave surface area. This redesigned model offers PCIe SSDs up to 1 TB, up to 32 GiB of DDR4 RAM through two SODIMM slots, GeForce GTX 960M with 2 GiB GDDR5, a 3×3 802.11ac Wi-Fi card, and featuring Thunderbolt 3 through Type-C, though this port is only able to achieve Thunderbolt 2 speeds.
XPS 15 (9560, Early 2017)
A slightly updated model 9560 was released in February 2017. The new model aligned with the previous model 9550 in terms of dimension and exterior ports, but inside the CPU and GPU were upgraded to Kaby Lake and GTX 1050, respectively. This model suffered from many thermal issues at high work loads, causing the computer to not be able to use all of its power.
XPS 15 2-in-1 (9575, Early 2018)
The XPS 15 2-in-1 (9575) is similar to the XPS 15 (9560) but with a flexible hinge allowing it to fold over into tablet mode. This convertible laptop features the 8th Generation Intel mobile processors with AMD GPUs integrated into the chip package. It was announced at CES 2018. This XPS 15 utilizes LPDDR3 RAM, which is soldered and not upgradable.
XPS 15 (9570, May 2018)
The XPS 15 (9570) is the updated version of the XPS 15 (9560) model. This new model brings options for the new Coffee Lake quad-core Core i5, hexa-core Core i7 and Core i9 processors, with the option for the latter, the eight-core Core i9-8950HK, being clocked at 2.9 GHz, with a boost clock of 4.8 GHz and the ability to be overclocked as well. This new model also comes with an option for the NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050Ti graphics card, and has the optional fingerprint scanner integrated into the power button. The webcam placement has also been shifted to be underneath the DELL logo on the bottom of the display. The non-touch Full HD variant also now offers 100% sRGB color space coverage on its IPS display, and its Thunderbolt 3 port now supports all four PCIe lanes, unlike the previous models, which only had support for two lanes.
XPS 15 (7590, 2019)
The XPS 15 (7590) was released with an OLED display option (the UltraSharp 4K Ultra HD (3840 x 2160)). It features 9th Gen Intel Core processors (up to Core i9-9980HK), Wi-Fi 6 technology, and optional NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1650 GPU. It supports up to 64 GiB of memory with a bandwidth of 2666 MHz, as well as 2 TB PCIe SSD storage. Launched on 27 June.
As of 2019, Dell has revamped their naming code system.
7xxx= 7 series being the most premium offer.
5xxx= 5 series being the premium offer after 7xxx series.
XPS 15 (9500, 2020)
The biggest changes in XPS 15 (2020) are that Dell goes all USB-C and 16:10 display aspect ratio. The XPS 15 also got a smaller and higher resolution webcam of 720p, and more powerful speakers that aim up out of the laptop. It also got updated inside, including 10th Gen Intel Comet Lake CPU,
up to 64 GiB DDR4 RAM, up to 2 TB PCIe3 x4 SSD storage, Intel UHD Graphics + Nvidia GTX 1650 Ti GPU. DELL also offers two types of 15.6-inch Infinity Edge display (1920 x 1200 or 3840 x 2400), and two different capacity batteries (56 Wh or 86 Wh). Size: 13.57 x 9 x 0.7 inches, Weight: 4 pounds (non-touch, 56Whr battery), 4.5 pounds (touch, 86Whr battery). That makes it thinner and lighter than the previous version.
XPS 15 (9510, 2021)
The 2021 XPS 15 comes equipped with up to the Intel’s 11th Gen Tiger Lake Core i9-11900H and 3050 Ti. It features up to 64GB of DDR4-3200 and up to 4TB of m.2 SSD storage, but it can be upgraded to hold a maximum of two 4TB SSDs. The XPS 15 offers display options for either a 4K UHD+ (3840x2400) InfinityEdge touch display with a VESA DisplayHDR400 certification, or FHD (1920 x 1200) panels, plus a 3.5K (3456 x 2160) InfinityEdge OLED touch display option. Ports have also been upgraded, the XPS 15 offers two Thunderbolt 4 ports and a regular USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-C port.
Comparison
XPS 15z
XPS 15z (L511Z)
The XPS 15z was released in May 2011 and is a 15.6-inch laptop. It is branded as the thinnest 15 inch PC on the market. It is noted for having a very similar design to the current generation Apple Macbook Pro computer, and even sported a silver aluminum casing. Its base-price at release is US$999 (A$1399) and it can be customized up to the dual-core Intel Core i7. it is equipped with a NVIDIA GeForce GT 525M 1 GiB video card (Australian version is equipped with 2 GiB video RAM), and can be customized up to 8 GiB of DDR3 memory. The computer can either have a 750 GB 7200 RPM hard drive or a 256 GB solid state drive. It also contains a 8x slot-loading CD/DVD reader/burner. The American version has a base screen resolution of 1366×768, while the Australian release is 1920×1080 pixels. On 6 September 2011, Dell upgraded the choices for the optional extra Core i5 and i7 processors. Throughout its production, the XPS 15z was plagued with DCP latency related sound spikes due to faulty network drivers provided by Dell. The solution was to use third party drivers, as discovered by a community of forum users. Another chronic issue was the lower right corner of the LCD going dim at random times. Replacement of the entire LCD assembly would only temporarily solve this problem. Production of the XPS 15z ceased in the first half of 2012, but its design was carried on by the XPS 14z.
XPS 17
XPS 17 (L701X)
The Dell XPS 17, released in October 2010, was a desktop replacement laptop in the XPS Laptop line. It was priced at $949 for the base configuration, but can be customized heavily. Options include a processor upgrade up to the new Intel Core i7-840QM (Nehalem-based), an Nvidia GeForce GT 555 3 GiB graphics card, up to 16 GiB of DDR3 RAM memory, 1.28 TB Hard Drive space (2×0.64 TB @ 7200 RPM), a 17.3-inch 1600×900 resolution screen, and a Blu-ray Disc drive. It also has an LCD upgrade of 1920×1080 (Full HD) and 3D display kit.
XPS 17 (L702X)
Same as L701X, except this model contains the second-generation Intel Core i7 (Sandy Bridge-based) processors and capability for Full HD Display and Full HD 3D Display. Also, the discrete graphics have been improved to Nvidia GeForce GT 550M 1 GiB or GT 555M 3 GiB graphics card for Full HD 3D Display; Can be customized with up to 16 GiB of DDR3 RAM (8 GiB × 2) or 32 GiB (4 slots @ 8 GiB) of RAM with the 3D model only Model: HMT41GS6MFR8C (Hynix) Issues have been reported with the charging port and the charger falling out with the only slight movements.
XPS 17 (9700, 2020)
On May 14, 2020, Dell reintroduced a new XPS 17, with thinner bezels and new thermal designs. It offers Intel's latest 10th Gen Core i9 45 W processors, 64 GiB of RAM, and 2 TB of storage.
XPS 17 (9710, 2021)
In May 2021 Dell introduced an updated XPS 17. It now offers Intel's latest 11th Gen Core i5, i7, i9 processors.
XPS M1730
The XPS M1730 was announced on October 5, 2007 as the newest 17-inch XPS laptop computer. Compared to its predecessor, the XPS M1710, the model M1730 was physically redesigned with a completely new chassis available in a grey, white, blue, or red. Like the M1710, the M1730 offered unique user- and software-changeable LED lighting in the touchpad, fan outlets/inlets, as well as the lid and speaker grilles. Also like its predecessor, it featured a 17-inch widescreen. From the components angle, it supported overclockable Intel Core 2 Extreme processors (2.8 GHz to 3.4 GHz overclocked via the X7900 or X9000 Processor), dual NVIDIA GeForce 9800M GTX video cards in SLI, up to two 7200 RPM SATA hard drives available in RAID, and up to 8 GiB DDR2 SDRAM . A Blu-ray Disc Drive was an option in some models. New with this latest version was a built in optional AGEIA physics card to enable PhysX enhanced titles take advantage of hardware accelerated physics, the option for 64 GB solid state drives, a back lit keyboard including a number pad, and a Logitech gaming LCD display above the keyboard.
Criticism
The M1730 has been criticized for its increase in weight and size compared to previous models, and for having only marginal performance gains in select games. The last complaint is likely due to a late Nvidia release of a mobile version of the 8800M video card which Dell added to the list of options following the release of the M1730.
Upgrades
Following the initial release of the M1730, the option to have dual 8800M GTX graphics cards in SLI was made available. This is said to have a 174% power increase (as quoted by Dell) over the dual 8700M GTs in SLI which were previously the highest available option. More recently an option to have dual 9800M GT and 9800M GTX graphics cards in SLI has been added to the line.
The 9800M GTX SLI is currently the highest supported graphics card with 1 GiB GDDR3 VRAM for the M1730, as opposed to the 9800M GT SLI and 8800M GTX SLI only with 512 MB of available Video Memory and slightly higher amount of stream processors. Thus, performs slightly better than the 9800M GT and 8800M GTX cards. The availability of the 9800M GTX SLI is rare, and may only be purchased in limited Dell direct outlets and on eBay. And in most cases, they are either out of stock, not on sale any longer or selling the previous 9800M GT and 8800M GTX graphics cards.
XPS M1530
This 15.4-inch laptop, released on November 28, 2007, features the Santa Rosa platform. The XPS M1530 is almost identical in design to the XPS M1330 except that it has 4 different colors (blue, black, pink and red) and it is a bit thicker and heavier with a 15.4-inch CCFL or LED screen. It can be configured with Intel Core 2 Duo mobile processors up to T7800 (2.6 GHz) / T9500 (2.6 GHz, 6 MiB L2 cache) / X9000 (2.8 GHz), up to 8 GiB DDR2 SDRAM at 667 MHz, up to 320 or 500 GB 5400 rpm or with faster 160, 240 or 320 GB 7200 rpm hard drive or an optional 128 GB SSD, and can be configured with a 128 MiB DDR2 Geforce 8400GS or 256 MiB DDR3 8600M GT GPU. Wireless draft-n is also available (802.11n). The XPS M1530 includes a biometric fingerprint reader and a 2 MP webcam. Another option for this laptop is a glossy 1920×1200 display, even though it is 9 inches smaller than Dell's 24 inch monitor. The system weight starts at 2.62 kg (5.78 lbs) and is dependent upon configuration. The laptop contains an internal slot for a Dell mobile broadband card.
XPS M1530 is no longer available for purchase on Dell's website as of early August 2009. Dell became aware that the problem was limited to Nvidia chip production, the BIOS was updated to A12 which improves thermal control but does not prevent it from reoccurring. The problem associated with Nvidia GPU's was the chip material used could not stand high temperatures.
XPS M1330
This 13.3-inch high-end laptop, released on June 26, 2007, features the Santa Rosa platform. This 13.3-inch screen either with CCFL or WLED; the WLED-backlit version has a 0.3 MP camera, as opposed to the 2 MP camera with the CCFL screen, but the model with WLED screen is thinner and brighter than the previous XPS 1210 version. Moreover, XPS 1330 can also feature a biometric fingerprint reader, usually found in business class laptops like the Latitude series. The XPS M1330 also offers the NVIDIA GeForce Go 8400M GS graphics card as an option. Originally, it could only be configured with Intel Core 2 Duo mobile processors up to T7700 (2.4 GHz), but could later be configured with processors up to the Intel Core 2 Duo T9500. Noted for its light weight of only 1.8 kg, the XPS M1330 is also available in the product red line along with other Dell computers.
XPS M1330 is no longer available for purchase on Dell's USA website as of early August 2009. It has been replaced by the M1340 (Studio XPS 13).
Problems
The most reported issue with M1330 laptops has been overheating. Dell became aware of the problem and found that it was limited to Nvidia chip production G84- and G86-GPU's, as a result, the BIOS was updated to A12, which improves thermal control but does not prevent it from reoccurring. The problem associated with Nvidia GPU's was the chip material used could not stand high temperatures. This problem was exacerbated by poor thermal contact between the chip and the heat pipe (the gap is too big). Some people have overcome the graphics chip over-heating problem by fashioning a heat sink using a copper plate and thermal paste to fill the gap between the heat pipe and the graphics chip.
Also, there have been several cases reported involving M1330 laptops to be cosmetically defective in manufacture, such as loose hinge covers and unusually and uneven gaps between plastic parts, as well as customer complaints concerning "CPU whine".
Studio XPS 13 (M1340)
Similar to the Studio XPS 16 but trimmed down into a 13.3-inch 720p 16:10 aspect ratio screen, it has an illuminated QWERTY keyboard and includes leather accents on the lid. Its full body is piano black and silver.
The Studio XPS graphics offerings are currently the integrated Nvidia 9400M G (same as used in MacBook Air and 13-inch MacBooks) and the more powerful Nvidia GeForce 9500M GE (which is composed of an integrated GeForce 9400M G and discrete GeForce 9200M GS with 256 MB of GDDR3 memory). When configured with the 9500M GE you are able to switch between the 9400M G running standalone and the 9400M G with the 9200M GS in Windows Vista, without logging out and back in like you must with Apple products due to the availability of Hybrid SLI. Although this model is still available in Europe with the 512 MB nVidia GeForce 210M graphics card and the NVIDIA GeForce MCP79MX Chipset.
Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo P7350, P8600, P8700, P8800, P9500, P9600 or P9700.
Memory:3, 4, 6, or 8 GiB of shared dual channel DDR3 SDRAM @ 1066 MHz.
Chipset: Nvidia 730i
Graphics: integrated Nvidia GeForce 9400M G with 256 MB of graphics memory, or integrated 9400M + discrete GeForce 9200M (referred to officially as a "9500M").
Display: 13.3" Edge-to-Edge with CCFL-backlit, 1280×800 resolution or 13.3" Edge-to-Edge with LED-backlit, 1280×800 resolution and TrueLife.
Storage: 1 x SATA (250 GB, 320 GB or 500 GB HDD at 7200 RPM or 256 GB Solid State Drive)
Optical Drive: 8X slot-load dual-layer DVD+/-RW drive or 2X tray-load Blu-ray Disc Combo drive.
Battery: 6-cell (56 Wh) or 6-cell (56 Wh) w/additional 9-cell (85 Wh) Lithium-ion battery.
Camera: 1.3 MP or 2 MP webcam.
Wi-Fi Card: Dell Wireless 1510 802.11a/b/g/draft/n half-mini card.
Bluetooth: Dell Wireless Bluetooth Internal 370 (2.1 EDR).
I/O ports: 1 USB 2.0 port, 1 USB/eSATA Combo port, 1 Gigabit Ethernet port, 1 VGA output, 1 HDMI output, 1 DisplayPort output, 2 headphone jack, 1 microphone jack, 1 54 mm Express Card slot, 1 8-in-1 memory card reader, 1 IR receiver and 1 power adapter connecter.
XPS M1340 is no longer available for purchase on Dell's USA website as of March 2010. No replacement 13-inch Studio XPS has been announced.
Studio XPS 16
Studio XPS 16 (M1640)
Released early January 2009, it features a 15.6-inch 720p or a 16.0-inch 1080p 16:9 aspect ratio screen. It is equipped with either a 512 MiB ATI Radeon HD 3670 or 1024 MiB ATI Radeon HD 4670 graphics card, an Intel Core 2 Duo processor, a DVD+/- RW or a Blu-ray ROM combo drive, and Windows Vista or Windows 7. It has an illuminated QWERTY keyboard and leather accents on the lid are optional. Its full body is onyx black and silver.
Studio XPS 16 (M1645)
Same as above, featuring a quad core Intel Core i7 Clarksfield processor on an intel PM55 chipset mainboard and a 1 GB ATI Mobility Radeon HD 4670 or 5730. Some of these XPS systems were found to have throttling issues when demanding applications like games were run on them. Dell was able to provide a fix for the issue with the help of community input. The fix involved bios updates and a more powerful AC adapter. Other laptops were also found to suffer from the same throttling issue.
Studio XPS 16 (M1647)
Same as above, featuring a dual core Intel Core i5 or Intel Core i7 Clarksfield processor. The M1647 motherboard still uses the Intel PM55 chipset (as the M1645) but overall the motherboard uses less power than its predecessor.
Gen 3
XPS M2010
The XPS M2010 was announced on May 31, 2006 as a top-of-the-line briefcase-styled mobile desktop with a 20.1-inch widescreen with a WSXGA+ resolution and TrueLife. The outside of the case had a leather-like appearance. The XPS M2010 used an ATI Mobility Radeon X1800 graphics with 256 MiB of graphics memory and had support for dual hard drives. The laptop could be customized with an Intel Core 2 Duo T2500, T5600, T7400 or T7600 and 1 GiB, 2 GiB or 4 GiB of DDR2 SDRAM @ 667 MHz (Although machine can take 2x2 GiB @ 677 MHz RAM, it will only operate at 3.25 GiB @ 500 MHz due to chipset limitation as well as FSB limitation). The laptop expanded to a full desktop set, including a detachable bluetooth keyboard, bluetooth mouse, and radio-frequency Media Center remote. It was praised for the high quality sound system which included 8 separate ¾" speakers below the screen and a 1¾" subwoofer on the bottom of the machine, ported to the right hand side. While the computer could be folded and carried as a briefcase with its built-in carrying handle, at 18.3 lb it was generally considered too heavy to be a true desktop replacement.
XPS M1710
The XPS M1710 was announced on April 18, 2006 as a higher-end 17-inch WUXGA TrueLife widescreen XPS desktop replacement available in black or red. The system was marketed to gamers, sharing a chassis design and many components with the lower end Inspiron E1705/9400 and the Precision M90 mobile workstation. The base design featured an Intel Core Duo processor, NVIDIA GeForce Go 7900GS or 7900 GTX, 7200 RPM SATA hard drive, DDR2 SDRAM, a magnesium alloy case including a 1 inch subwoofer complimenting the two treble heavy stereo speakers. User configurable multicolor LED lighting was present in the touchpad, fans, speakers and lid with the ability to have them change color/intensity via Dell QuickSet software or via QuickSet plugins to music with bass giving more red-shifted changes and treble more blue-shifted (an SDK developer kit for custom dynamic link libraries could be obtained for integration to many system processes and even games). Technical support was segregated for the XPS line with access to an "exclusive" XPS-branded segment of DELL's business support division. The unit was built on the foundation of a Precision M90 chassis. Later models offered the Core 2 Duo processor, the Nvidia GeForce 7950GTX GPU, and optional Blu-ray and/or an unlocked Core 2 Duo processor, which could be overclocked "officially" to 3.16 GHz, although at least 3.5Ghz has been reported as possible. As the mainboard used the Intel 945 chipset, the XPS M1710 could not address more than 3.25 GiB of RAM though Dell specified "up to 4 GB RAM". This computer was replaced by the XPS M1730. The chipset although capable of AHCI operation was never implemented by Dell, leaving any future SATA hard drive upgrade paths crippled to IDE legacy operation, protocols, and bandwidth. Further evidence of untapped capacity involves the use of replacing the video cards with a Dell Precision Quadro FX 1600M (essentially an 8700M GT with comparable performance to the flagship DX9 7950 Go GTX card), allowing for DirectX 10 functionality in a laptop not designed to do so (with the card being unidentified, but the LCD verified by the BIOS, leaving argument that some design foresight was in place for at least a path to using the Quadro FX 1600 and even FX 3600M in this machine in a BIOS revision).
Note that there are severe overheating problems with the graphics card in this model., and just like the Precision M90, GPU failures due to cracking in the type of solder used on the Nvidia chipsets to bind them to the substrate were common, and settled via a class-action lawsuit with Nvidia in later years.
XPS M1210
A high performance ultra-portable (12.1-inch screen) notebook featuring a new case design, Intel Core Duo processor technology, an optional dedicated NVIDIA GeForce 7400 Go video card and an optional integrated web camera (1.3 megapixel). The M1210 also has optional WWAN (wireless wide area networking) features supporting 3G broadband services. With the standard battery, the laptop weights 1.9 kilograms. Unlike other 12-inch notebook computers, the M1210 features a built-in optical drive rather than an external. This model was discontinued as of July 31, 2007.
Gen 2
Inspiron XPS Gen 2/XPS M170 – This successor to the Inspiron XPS, had replaced the desktop Pentium 4 with a Pentium M processor, which provided almost the same level of performance as the desktop Pentium 4 and reduced the weight from 9.06 lb to 8.6 lb. It featured a 17-inch widescreen display at the same resolution as the first generation. Due to the use of a mobile processor, this laptop was thinner and lighter than most other high performance gaming notebooks of its time. It has a design very similar to the XPS M1710. It was initially given the Nvidia GeForce 256 MiB 6800 Ultra Go GPU which was a Dell exclusive at the time. The laptop was rebranded as XPS M170 soon after the GeForce Go 7800 GTX was incorporated. The Inspiron 9300 was based on it, being substantially the same laptop with an ATI Mobility Radeon X300 in the base model.
XPS M140 – The lower end model XPS computer that has a chassis identical to a Dell Inspiron E1405 laptop. This model features a choice of several Intel mobile processors, 14.1-inch widescreen and between 512 MiB to 2 GiB of RAM. This model being more media-oriented than gaming currently does not feature a dedicated graphics card. This model has been replaced by the E1405, a 14.1-inch laptop physically similar the M140. It features the newer Intel Core Duo processors and Intel's 945 chipset. It is no longer classified as an XPS laptop, however.
Gen 1
Inspiron XPS – The first XPS laptop, which was a rebranded Inspiron 9100, was a very heavy desktop-replacement laptop starting at 9.06 pounds without power supply (which added an additional 2.5 pounds). This was because it was offered with either a 3.4 GHz desktop Pentium 4 HT "Prescott" processor, or the 3.4 GHz "Gallatin" Pentium 4 Extreme Edition processor at the same clock speed, which gave off tremendous amounts of heat due to their high clock speeds and inefficient microarchitecture, despite a very large copper-based heatsink that spanned the width of the unit with three fans. Other features included a 1920×1200 15.4-inch LCD, and subwoofer integrated into the bottom of the battery casing, with the 12-cell battery (the 16-cell battery does not include a subwoofer.) Earlier models came with an ATI Mobility Radeon 9700 with 128 MB of memory, and later models with the Mobility Radeon 9800 with 256 MB of memory. The Mobility Radeon 9800 was based on the R420 core, the same as early ATI Radeon X700 and X800 desktop graphics cards, but with half the pixel pipelines disconnected.
A popular modification to the GPU was to bridge two traces in the top right corner of the PCB surrounding the exposed core with a conductive pen to unlock these pipelines. This could only be done on cores made before week 43 of 2004. Dell promised graphics card upgradeability, but only delivered the arguably small 9700 to 9800 step for 9700 owners (at a rather steep $399 price tag, including technician to install it), and never delivered the promised upgrade to the 9800 owners.
This model also suffers from a whine on the headphone and microphone jacks that are located on the left of the unit. This is because of shared space with the leftmost fan, and the spinning of said fan causes interference. There is no known fix than to otherwise use a USB, FireWire/1394 or PCMCIA-based audio device or card for sound output.
XPS 10
The XPS 10 was an ARM-based convertible tablet with a keyboard stand, similar to Microsoft's Surface RT. The tablet, which ran Windows RT, was unveiled on August 30, 2012 and discontinued in September 2013.
Special Editions
Dell has introduced a handful of "speciality" models which were based upon particular models in the XPS series, but had unique characteristics. These included custom cases and higher-performance parts (processors, video cards, etc.). Some of these models are considerably rare because they were produced in limited quantities and were either extremely expensive or give-away only (as was the case of the XPS X-Men Edition, see below).
XPS 600 Renegade
The first example of a special edition in Dell's XPS series was the XPS 600 Renegade released in early 2006, which included an Intel Pentium D Extreme Edition 965 processor that was overclocked at the factory from 3.73 GHz to 4.26 GHz. Despite the overclock, Dell honored Intel's warranty for the processor. The case featured an air-brush paint job completed by Mike Lavallee. Most notably, the machine was the first commercially available system to feature a Quad-SLI configuration, with four custom NVIDIA GeForce 7900GTX graphics cards with 512 MiB of memory. It also included a Western Digital hard drive spinning at 10,000 RPM. The XPS 600 Renegade had an introduction price of $9,930.
XPS X-Men Give Away
In 2007 Dell announced a special X-Men version XPS desktop system that was going to be given away. The system had a value of around $10,000 and featured a one-of-a-kind quad NVIDIA video cards and Intel Pentium 965 Extreme Edition processor. The case resembled a standard XPS 710 series with X-Men artwork on the side.
W.O.W. M1730
At CES in 2008, Dell announced a World of Warcraft edition of the M1730 laptop. This version of the M1730 cost around $4,500 and featured an overclockable Intel Extreme Edition Core 2 Duo processor, NVIDIA SLI DX10 graphics cards, PhysX card, with a Full HD 17-inch widescreen. It also came pre-loaded with World of Warcraft and Burning Crusade expansion, as well as other limited edition merchandise including a custom backpack.
(PRODUCT)RED
In March 2008, Dell introduced the XPS RED as a part of the (PRODUCT)RED line of products. A portion of the profits made on this special edition are being put towards research for a cure for the AIDS virus.
Awards
The Dell XPS 13 and 15 laptops won the COMPUTEX d&i awards in 2016
Dell XPS 15 (9500): Best in Class, Rated 5/5
"The Dell XPS 15 is easily the best 15-inch laptop on the market, and in a lot of ways it's the best laptop period." — TechRadar
Dell XPS 17 (9700): Editor's Choice, Rated 4.5/5
"If you were waiting for a bigger screen with this design, you’re finally getting one (and getting the performance to match)." — Tom's Hardware
Dell XPS 15 7590: The best laptops for 2020
"The XPS 15 is easily the best all-around 15-inch laptop on the market today, making it the ultimate video-editing laptop too." — Digital Trends
References
External links
Official Dell XPS Website
Official Dell E3 Product Page (Requires Flash)
Dell M2010 US Business configurator – may expire/change
Dell UK store configurator; different options available. May expire/change
Dell XPS Generation 2 FAQ. Subject to change
Service manuals
Dell M1730
Dell M2010
Dell XPS 7590 Service manual
XPS 15 9500 Service Manual
Dell XPS M1730 product details
Dell XPS M1330 product Details
XPS
XPS
Consumer electronics brands
Convertible laptops
Ultrabooks
Computer-related introductions in 2008 | laptop Build Quality | 0.375 | 14,224 |
Outbound laptop
The Wallaby laptop manufactured by Outbound Systems is an Apple Macintosh-compatible laptop computer. It is powered by a 15-MHz Motorola 68000 processor. Later versions increased the clock speed to 20 MHz.
Outbound Systems Inc. was located in Boulder, Colorado; but, due to their kangaroo logo, many believed that it was an Australian company.
Laptop
The Outbound laptop was introduced in 1989 and was significantly lighter, at just over 4 kg, and easier to carry than Apple's own Macintosh Portable released at around the same time. Due to Apple's refusal to license the Macintosh Toolbox in read-only memory (ROM), Outbound users had to install a Mac ROM to make the computer work. The ROM was typically removed from an older Mac, a process that would render the donor Mac unusable. Even with this additional cost, a typical price of $4,000 USD compared favorably to that of the Mac Portable.
The Outbound featured a built-in pointing device located below the keyboard, named the Trackbar (with earlier models referring to it under the trademark of Isopoint); it was a cylinder that scrolled up and down and slid left and right. It ran on standard camcorder batteries, rather than the expensive custom batteries commonly found in most portable computers around this time.
Notebook
The Outbound laptop was succeeded by the Outbound notebook in 1991.
The Notebook ran on the same style of lead-acid camcorder batteries as the earlier Laptop, and had a 9.7" passive-matrix monochrome LCD display. It used a 2.5" IDE hard drive, which was unusual for the time, as Apple didn't start using IDE drives in PowerBooks until the PowerBook 150 in 1994. The Notebook had an internal microphone and speaker, headphone jack, two serial ports, ADB port, and SCSI port. The Notebook's SCSI port was unique in that it supported the Outbound Outrigger full-page external monochrome monitor, which attached via the SCSI port.
The Notebook's CPU, RAM, Mac ROM, and optional 68882 FPU were mounted on a removable daughtercard. This permitted easy RAM installation and optional upgrades; the daughtercard could simply be swapped out for another one with a faster CPU, or an FPU inserted into the available socket. The daughtercard had four 30-pin SIMM sockets. Due to the Notebook's design, only 4MB of RAM could be addressed by the Mac system software, even in System 7; additional RAM would appear as a "Silicon Disk" which was an Outbound specific RAM disk.
End of Outbound Systems
Apple's introduction of the PowerBook in 1991 led to the demise of the Mac-compatible laptop aftermarket. Probably more significant than the increased competition, was the fact that Outbound was using ROMs under a licensing agreement with Apple. Apple refused to license the use of subsequent proprietary ROMs to Outbound and so the company's ability to manufacture laptops ended when the 68000 processors required by the ROMs became difficult to obtain. For a short time after Outbound went out of business, a small group of former employees set up a company, PerFit, to handle service and warranty issues. PerFit ceased operations in 1994.
External links
Outbound Laptop on AppleFritter – review with pictures
Outbound Laptop on LowEndMac - specifications
Outbound Notebook on Obsolete Computer Museum - review and pictures of the Notebook model
Article describing the Outbound Laptop (in French; via Wayback Machine)
What's Outbound got that Apple doesn't? (via Wayback Machine)
Macintosh clones
Portable computers
68k architecture
History of computing hardware
Computer-related introductions in 1989
Products introduced in 1989 | laptop Build Quality | 0.375 | 14,225 |
IBM ThinkPad 240
IBM ThinkPad 240 is an ultra-portable laptop computer designed and produced by IBM from June 1999 to 2001. It is one of the few ThinkPad 200 series models made available in America and was the smallest and lightest ThinkPad model produced to date. The 240 series was discontinued, and it (as well as the 570 series) was replaced with the ThinkPad X series in 2000.
Features
The first 240 series models included the 300 MHz Mobile Celeron processor, 64 MB built-in RAM and one slot for memory expansion (maximum 320 MB). The laptop also was one of the first to feature the Mini PCI card slot. No built-in optical drive or diskette drive was included due to size limitations. External drive access was via a USB 1.0 port and/or the IBM external floppy drive connector. The unit shipped either with a standard 6 GB hard disk drive or with the 12 GB upgrade option.
All 240 series models feature a 10.4 TFT display, and the first models featured NeoMagic MagicGraph128XD graphics chips with 2 MB of video memory. The 240 is capable of displaying up to SVGA (800x600) on the TFT display, with XGA output available to an external monitor. All 240s also have audio controllers and VGA ports to connect to external display devices.
Models
Reception
A review from the South China Morning Post in December 1999 appreciated the compactness and portability of the ThinkPad 240. It also noted the short battery life and that it only has a single Type II PC Card slot.
Transmeta Crusoe
At the June 2000 PC Expo in New York, IBM demonstrated a ThinkPad 240 with a Transmeta Crusoe. In November, it was announced that IBM would not be using the Transmeta CPU in a 240. According to a source close to Transmeta, this was due to pressure from Intel.
References
Further reading
A retro 'ThinkPad Classic' could be a killer laptop not crippled by insane thinness
ThinkWiki.de
ThinkPad 240 internals & maintenance
ThinkPad 240 Hardware Maintenance Manual
ThinkPad 240X Hardware Maintenance Manual
ThinkPad 240
240 | laptop Build Quality | 0.374 | 14,226 |
List of computer hardware manufacturers
Current notable computer hardware manufacturers:
Cases
List of computer case manufacturers:
Aigo
AMAX Information Technologies
Antec
AOpen
ASRock
Asus
be quiet!
CaseLabs (defunct)
Chassis Plans
Cooler Master
Corsair
Dell
Deepcool
DFI
ECS
EVGA Corporation
Foxconn
Fractal Design
Gigabyte Technology
IBall
Lian Li
MSI
MiTAC
NZXT
Phanteks
Razer
Rosewill
Seasonic
Shuttle
SilverStone Technology
Thermaltake
XFX
Zalman
Rack-mount computer cases
AMAX Information Technologies
Antec
AOpen
Laptop computer cases
Clevo
MSI
Motherboards
Top motherboard manufacturers:
ASRock
Asus
Biostar
EVGA Corporation
Gigabyte Technology
MSI (Micro-Star International)
Intel
List of motherboard manufacturers:
Acer
ACube Systems
Albatron
AMAX Information Technologies
AOpen
Chassis Plans
DFI (industrial motherboards), stopped producing LanParty motherboards in 2009
ECS (Elitegroup Computer Systems)
EPoX (partially defunct)
First International Computer
Foxconn
Fujitsu
Gumstix
Intel (NUC and server motherboards)
Lanner Inc (industrial motherboards)
Leadtek
Lite-On
NZXT
Pegatron
PNY Technologies
Powercolor
Sapphire Technology
Shuttle Inc.
Simmtronics
Supermicro
Tyan
VIA Technologies
Vigor Gaming
ZOTAC
Defunct:
BFG Technologies
Chaintech
Soyo Group Inc
Universal Abit (formerly ABIT)
Chipsets for motherboards
AMD
Redpine Signals
Intel
Nvidia
ServerWorks
Silicon Integrated Systems
VIA Technologies
Central processing units (CPUs)
Note: most of these companies only make designs, and do not manufacture their own designs.
Top x86 CPU manufacturers:
AMD
Intel
List of CPU manufacturers (most of the companies sell ARM-based CPUs, assumed if nothing else stated):
Arm Ltd. (sells designs only)
Apple Inc. (ARM-based CPUs)
Broadcom Inc. (ARM-based, e.g. for Raspberry Pi)
Fujitsu (its ARM-based CPU used in top supercomputer, still also sells its SPARC-based servers)
Hitachi (its own designs and ARM)
Hygon (x86-based)
HiSilicon (acquired by Huawei), stopped making its ARM-based design
IBM (now only designs two architectures)
Ingenic Semiconductor (MIPS-based)
Marvell (its ThunderX3 ARM-based)
MCST (its own designs and SPARC)
MediaTek (ARM chips, and MIPS chips)
Nvidia (sells ARM-based, and bought the ARM company)
Qualcomm (ARM-based)
Rockchip (ARM-based)
Amlogic (ARM-based)
Allwinner (ARM-based)
Samsung (ARM-based)
SiFive (RISC-V-based, e.g. HiFive Unleashed)
Texas Instruments (its own designs and ARM)
Via (formerly Centaur Technology division), its own x86-based design
Wave Computing (previously MIPS Technologies), licenses MIPS CPU design
Zhaoxin (its own x86 design based on Via's)
Acquired or defunct:
Cyrix (its own x86-based)
Freescale (acquired by NXP Semiconductors), PowerPC-based
Motorola (its own designs)
NexGen (acquired by AMD)
Oracle (previously Sun Microsystems), both made SPARC CPUs, but Oracle laid off that department
Rise Technology
SigmaTel (acquired by Freescale)
Tilera (its own design)
Transmeta (its own x86-based)
WinChip
Hard disk drives (HDDs)
Internal
List of current hard disk drive manufacturers:
Seagate Technology
Toshiba
Western Digital
External
Note: the HDDs internal to these devices are manufactured only by the internal HDD manufacturers listed above.
List of external hard disk drive manufacturers:
ADATA
Buffalo Technology
Freecom
G-Technology brand of Western Digital
Hyundai
IoSafe-Hard drive safes
LaCie (brand of Seagate)
LG
Maxtor (brand of Seagate)
Promise Technology
Samsung
Seagate Technology
Silicon Power
Sony
Toshiba
Transcend Information
TrekStor
Verbatim Corporation
Western Digital
Drive controller and RAID cards
3ware
Adaptec
Asus
Areca Technology
ATTO Technology
Dell
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Intel
LG
LSI
PNY
Promise Technology
StarTech.com
Solid-state drives (SSDs)
Many companies manufacture SSDs but only six companies actually manufacture the Nand Flash devices that are the storage element in most SSDs.
Optical disc drives (ODDs)
List of optical disc drive manufacturers:
Asus
Hitachi-LG Data Storage (HLDS)
LG Electronics
Panasonic
Philips & Lite-on Digital Solutions Corporation
Optiarc
Pioneer
Sony Corporation
TEAC
Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology
Fans
Aigo
Antec
Arctic
be quiet!
Corsair
Cooler Master
Deepcool
Delta Electronics
Ebm-papst
Inventec
Minebea (NMB)
Nidec
Noctua
Scythe
Thermaltake
Zalman
Fan controllers
Asus (bundled with top of the range ROG motherboards)
Corsair
GELID Solutions
NZXT
Scythe
Thermaltake
Zalman
Cooler Master
Computer cooling systems
List of computer cooling system manufacturers:
Aigo
AMD
Antec
Arctic
Asetek
Asus
be quiet!
Cooler Master
Corsair
Deepcool
ebm-papst
Fractal Design
Foxconn
GELID Solutions
Gigabyte Technology
Hama Photo
Intel
Nidec
Noctua
NZXT
Saint-Gobain (tubing system)
SilverStone Technology
Thermalright
Thermaltake
Vigor Gaming
Zalman
Non-refillable liquid cooling (AiO)
List of non-refillable liquid cooling manufacturers:
Cooler Master "Seidon Series"
Corsair "H-Series"
Deepcool "CAPTAIN Series" "MAELSTROM Series"
EKWB
EVGA Corporation
Fractal Design "Kelvin Series"
Lian Li
NZXT "Kraken Series"
SilverStone Technology "Tundra Series"
Thermaltake "Water2.0 Series"
Zalman "SKADI series" "Reserator 3 Max" "LQ series" "Reserator 3 Max Dual"
Zotac (stopped producing water coolers)
Refillable liquid cooling kits
List of refillable liquid cooling kits manufacturers:
Thermaltake
Water block
List of water block manufacturers:
Corsair
EKWB
EVGA Corporation
Thermaltake
Zalman
Video-card cooling
List of graphics card cooling manufacturers:
Arctic
Cooler Master
Corsair
Deepcool "v series"
EVGA Corporation
GELID Solutions
Zotac
Computer monitors
List of companies that are actively manufacturing and selling computer monitors:
Alienware
Apple
Acer
AOC Monitors
Asus
AOpen
BenQ
Chassis Plans
Dell
Eizo
Fujitsu
Hewlett-Packard
Iiyama (company)
Gateway
HannStar
Lenovo
LG
MSI
NEC
Philips
Planar Systems
Samsung
Sharp
Sony
Tatung Company
ViewSonic
Video cards (graphics cards)
List of video card manufacturers:
Asrock
Asus
AMD
Biostar
Chaintech
Club 3D
Diamond Multimedia
ECS
ELSA Technology
EVGA Corporation
Foxconn
Gainward
Gigabyte Technology
HIS
Hercules Computer Technology, Inc.
Leadtek
Matrox
Nvidia
MSI
Palit
PNY
Point of View
PowerColor
S3 Graphics
Sapphire Technology
SPARKLE
XFX
Zotac
BFG (defunct)
EPoX (defunct)
Oak Technology (defunct)
3dfx Interactive (defunct)
Graphics processing units (GPUs)
Advanced Micro Devices
ARM Holdings (Mali GPUs, first designed by acquired Falanx)
ATI Technologies (Acquired by Advanced Micro Devices)
Broadcom Limited
Imagination Technologies (PowerVR)
Intel
Matrox
Nvidia
Qualcomm
Via (S3 Graphics division)
Vivante Corporation
ZiiLABS
Tseng Labs(acquired by ATI)
XGI
3dfx Interactive (Bankrupt)
Keyboards
List of keyboard manufacturers:
A4Tech
Alps
Amkette
Arctic
Behavior Tech Computer (BTC)
Chassis Plans
Cherry
Chicony Electronics
Corsair
Cooler Master
CTI Electronics Corporation
Das Keyboard
Fujitsu–Siemens
Gigabyte Technology
G.Skill
Hama Photo
HyperX
IBall
intex
Kensington Computer Products Group
Key Tronic
Lite-On
Logitech
Microsoft
Razer
Saitek
Samsung
SteelSeries
Targus
Terabyte
Thermaltake
Trust
TypeMatrix
Umax
Unicomp
Happy Hacking Keyboard
Drop (company)
Mouse
List of mouse manufacturers:
A4Tech
Acer
Alienware
Arctic
Asus
Behavior Tech Computer (BTC)
Belkin
Cooler Master
Corsair
Creative Technology
CTI Electronics Corporation
Fellowes, Inc.
Flextronics
General Electric
Gigabyte Technology
Hama Photo
IBall
intex
TVS Electronics
Kensington Computer Products Group
Key Tronic
Labtec
Lite-On
Logitech
Mad Catz
Microsoft
Mitsumi
OCZ Technology
Razer
Saitek
Samsung
SilverStone Technology
Sony
SteelSeries
Targus
Terabyte
Toshiba
Trust
Umax
Verbatim Corporation
Zalman
Mouse pads
List of mouse pad manufacturers:
A4Tech
Acer
Alienware
Corsair
Logitech
Razer
SteelSeries
Targus
Trust
Verbatim Corporation
Joysticks
List of Joystick manufacturers:
Saitek
Logitech
CTI Electronics Corporation
Microsoft
Thrustmaster
Sony
Speakers
List of computer speaker manufacturers:
Altec Lansing
AOpen (stopped making speakers)
Auzentech
Behringer
Bose Corporation
Cemex
Cerwin-Vega
Corsair
Creative Technology
Edifier
General Electric
Gigabyte Technology
Hama Photo
Harman International Industries (acquisition)
(division: Harman Kardon, JBL)
Hercules
IBall
Intex
Klipsch
Logic
Logitech
M-Audio
MartinLogan
Philips
Plantronics (acquisitions)
Razer
Shuttle Inc.
Sonodyne
Sony
SteelSeries
Teufel
Trust
Yamaha
Modems
List of modem manufacturers:
3Com
Agere Systems
Alcatel
Aopen
Arris Group
Asus
AVM GmbH
Belkin International, Inc.
Coolpad
D-Link
Cisco
Huawei
JCG
Linksys
Microcom
Motorola
Netgear
Netopia
Telebit
TP-Link
USRobotics
Zhone Technologies
Zoom Telephonics
ZyXEL
Network interface cards (NICs)
List of network card manufacturers:
3Com
Asus
Atheros
Belkin
Chelsio Communications
Cisco
CNet
D-Link
Gigabyte Technology
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
IBM
Intel
JCG
Linksys
Ralink
Mellanox
Netgear
Raza Microelectronics
Solarflare
StarTech.com
TP-Link
USRobotics
Zoom
Chipsets for network cards
ASIX
Atheros
Aquantia
Broadcom
Emulex
Fujitsu
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Intel
LSI Corporation
Nvidia
Marvell Technology Group
Mellanox
Proxim
Qlogic
Qualcomm
Ralink
Realtek
Solarflare
VIA Technologies
Winbond
There are a number of other companies (AMD, Microchip, Altera, etc) making specialized chipsets as part of other ICs, and they are not often found in PC hardware (laptop, desktop or server). There are also a number of now defunct companies (like 3com, DEC, SGI) that produced network related chipsets for us in general computers.
Power supply units (PSUs)
List of power supply unit (PSU) manufacturers:
ADATA
Antec
Arctic
be quiet!
Cooler Master
Corsair
Deepcool
Delta Electronics
Dynex
EVGA Corporation
Fractal Design
Foxconn
FSP Group
Gigabyte Technology
Lian-Li
Lite-On
Maplin
NZXT
OCZ Technology
PC Power and Cooling
Seasonic
Seventeam
SilverStone
StarTech.com
Super Flower
Thermaltake
Trust
XFX
Xilence
Zalman
Random-access memory (RAM) modules
Note that the actual memory chips are manufactured by a small number of DRAM manufacturers. List of memory module manufacturers:
ADATA
Apacer
Asus
Axiom
Buffalo Technology
Chaintech
Corsair
Dataram
Fujitsu
G.Skill
GeIL
HyperX
IBM
Infineon
Kingston Technology
Lenovo
Crucial
Mushkin
Netlist
PNY
Rambus
Ramtron International
Rendition
Renesas Technology
Samsung Semiconductor
Sandisk
Sea Sonic
SK Hynix
Silicon Power
Super Talent
Toshiba
Transcend
Virtium
Wilk Elektronik
Winbond
Wintec Industries Inc.
Random-access memory (RAM) chips
List of current DRAM manufacturers:
Micron Technology
Samsung Semiconductor
SK hynix
ChangXin Memory Technologies
Nanya Technology
Powerchip Semiconductor (as a foundry)
Winbond (specialty and mobile DRAM)
List of former or defunct DRAM manufacturers:
NEC, Hitachi, later Elpida Memory (went bankrupt, bought by Micron)
Mitsubishi, later Elpida
Siemens, spun off Infineon Technologies, spun off Qimonda (went bankrupt, IP bought by Micron and others)
Inotera, bought by Micron
Intel (Intel 1103)
Mostek
Mosel Vitelic Inc (ProMOS Technologies spun off from Mosel Vitelic)
Toshiba (DRAM business sold to Micron)
Vanguard International Semiconductor Corporation
List of fabless DRAM companies:
Rambus
In addition, other semiconductor manufacturers include SRAM or eDRAM embedded in larger chips.
Headphones
List of headphone manufacturers:
AKG Acoustics
Altec Lansing
Amkette
Andrea Electronics
Asus
Audio-Technica
Beats Electronics
Beyerdynamic
Biostar
Bose Corporation
Bush (brand)
Corsair
Creative Technology
Edifier
Fostex
Grado Labs
Hercules
IHome
JBL
JLab Audio
JVC (brand of JVCKenwood)
Klipsch Audio Technologies
Koss Corporation
Meze Headphones
Microsoft
Monster Cable
Panasonic
Philips
Plantronics
Plantronics Gamecom
Razer
Roccat
Samsung
Sennheiser
Shure
Skullcandy
SMS Audio
Sonodyne
Sony
Stax Earspeakers
SteelSeries
Thermaltake
Technics (brand)
Thinksound
Thrustmaster
Turtle Beach Systems
Ultrasone
V-Moda
Yamaha
Image scanners
List of image scanner manufacturers:
Brother
Canon
Fujitsu
Kodak
Lexmark
Microtek
Mustek Systems
Panasonic
Plustek
Ricoh
Seiko Epson
Umax
Visioneer
XEROX
Sound cards
List of sound card manufacturers:
Ad Lib, Inc.
Gravis
Analog Devices
Asus
Aureal Semiconductor
Auzentech
C-Media
Conrad
Creative Technology
Diamond Multimedia
Avid Audio
E-MU Systems
Ensoniq
ESS Technology
Focusrite
Hercules
HT Omega
Korg
Lexicon
M-Audio
MOTU
PreSonus
Razer
Realtek
Roland
Speedlink
StarTech.com
Silicon Integrated Systems
TerraTec
Turtle Beach
VIA Technologies
Yamaha
TV tuner cards
List of TV tuner card manufacturers:
AVerMedia
Asus
Diamond Multimedia
EVGA Corporation
EyeTV
Gigabyte Technology
Hauppauge Computer Works
KWorld
Leadtek
Micro-Star International
Pinnacle Systems
Plextor
Powercolor
TerraTec
Umax
USB flash drives
List of USB flash drive manufacturers:
ADATA
Aigo
Apacer
ATP Electronics
Corsair
Crucial Technology
Imation
IronKey
Kingston Technology
Konami
Lexar
Maxell
Netac
OCZ
PNY
Quantum Corporation
Ritek
Super Talent
Samsung
SanDisk
Seagate
Silicon Power
Sony
Strontium Technology
Toshiba
Transcend
TrekStor
Umax
Verbatim
VisiOn
Wilk Elektronik
Webcams
List of webcam manufacturers:
A4Tech
Behavior Tech Computer
Canon
Creative Technology
D-Link
FaceVsion
General Electric
Hama Photo
Hewlett-Packard
iMicro
Intel
Labtec
Lenovo
Logitech
Kodak
Microsoft
Philips
Samsung
Silicon Power
Trust
TP-Link
See also
List of computer system manufacturers
List of laptop brands and manufacturers
List of flash memory controller manufacturers
List of solid-state drive manufacturers
Market share of personal computer vendors
List of computer hardware manufacturers in the Soviet Union
References
Computing-related lists
Lists of information technology companies
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Toshiba T1200
The Toshiba T1200 was a laptop manufactured by the Toshiba Corporation, first made in 1987. It was an upgraded version of the Toshiba T1100 Plus.
It was equipped with an Intel 80C86 processor at of which 384 kB could be used for LIM EMS or as a RAMdisk, CGA graphics card, one 720 kB 3.5" floppy drive and one 20 MB hard drive (Some models had two floppy drives and no harddrive controller card.) MS-DOS 3.30 was included with the laptop. It was the first laptop with a swappable battery pack. Its original price was 6499 USD.
The T1200's hard drive had an unusual 26-pin interface made by JVC, incompatible with ST506/412 or ATA interfaces. Floppy drives were connected using similar 26-pin connectors.
The computer had many unique functions, such as Hard RAM - a small part of RAM was battery-backed and could be used as non-volatile hard drive. Another function allowed to suspend the system or power control the hard drive (which was still dependent on the hard disk's on/off switch).
The Toshiba T1200xe is a later model of this laptop. It had a 12 MHz 80C286 processor and a 20 MB hard disk drive. It also had 1 MB of RAM expandable to 5 MB.
See also
Toshiba T1100
Toshiba T1000
Toshiba T3100
Toshiba T1000LE
External links
Computer Museum article on the Toshiba T1200
IBM PC compatibles
T1200 | laptop Build Quality | 0.373 | 14,228 |
MacBook (2015–2019)
The 12-inch MacBook (marketed as the new MacBook, also known colloquially as the Retina MacBook) is a Macintosh notebook computer developed and sold by Apple Inc. In Apple's product line it was considered a more premium device compared to the second-generation MacBook Air (at the time consisting of 11.6-inch and 13.3-inch models that were larger and heavier, while lacking the high-resolution "Retina" screen and having thicker bezels), and sat below the performance range MacBook Pro.
It was introduced in March 2015. It was more compact than any other notebook in the MacBook family at the time and included a Retina display, fanless design, a shallower "Butterfly" keyboard, and a single USB-C port for power and data. It was discontinued in July 2019, being largely supplanted by the third-generation MacBook Air with Retina display.
Overview
The MacBook was announced at an Apple special event on March 9, 2015, and was released a month later on April 10. It employed Intel's Broadwell Core M processors at a TDP of around 4.5 Watt to allow for a fanless design and a logic board that is much smaller than in previous MacBooks. It had a similar appearance to the MacBook Air, but was thinner and lighter, offered (at the time of introduction) more storage and memory and a higher-resolution 2304×1440 Retina display, but lower processor and graphics performance. The MacBook has at times been available in space gray, silver, and gold finishes.
The MacBook has only two ports, a 3.5 mm headphone jack and a single, multi-purpose USB-C port; it was the first Mac with USB-C. The port supports transmission speeds of up to 5 Gbit/s, and can be used for data, and audio/video output, and charging; it was the first MacBook without MagSafe charging. Apple markets an adapter that can provide a full-size USB connector, and a "Digital AV Multiport Adapter" with a charging pass-through, full-size USB port, and HDMI output. Although Thunderbolt 3 technology uses USB-C connectors, the MacBook's USB-C port does not support Thunderbolt. It was one of only two Macs, along with the 2012 Mac Pro, to not support Thunderbolt since it was introduced to Macs in 2011. Thunderbolt devices, such as storage media and the Apple Thunderbolt Display, are not compatible. Shortly after the MacBook's introduction, various companies began announcing cables and adapters for the USB-C port.
Despite its small size, it features a full-sized keyboard and a large trackpad. The MacBook introduced a new Butterfly keyboard, with traditional scissor mechanism keys replaced with a new, Apple-designed butterfly mechanism, making the keyboard thinner and, as Apple claims, individual keys more stable. The keyboard's backlight no longer consisted of a row of LEDs and a light guide panel, but instead used a single LED for each key. It also introduced the Force Touch trackpad, a solid-state trackpad that measures pressure sensitivity, and replicates a click with haptic feedback. The trackpad was later brought to the Magic Trackpad 2 and the 2015 MacBook Pro. A similar technology (3D Touch) is also used in the Apple Watch and introduced with the iPhone 6S.
The aluminum enclosure was 13.1 mm at its thickest point at the hinge end. The battery was custom-designed to fill the available space in the small enclosure. It uses a new 39.7 watt-hour lithium-polymer terraced battery cell which was advertised to provide "all day" battery life. Apple claimed nine hours of Internet browsing or ten hours of iTunes movie playback. The battery was improved in the 2016 refresh, with Apple claiming ten hours for Internet browsing, and eleven hours of iTunes movie playback. The MacBook did not include any beryllium, BFRs, or PVCs in its construction. The display was made of arsenic-free glass. It was made of recyclable materials such as aluminum and glass, meets Energy Star 6.1 standards, and was rated EPEAT Gold.
On April 19, 2016, Apple updated the MacBook with Skylake Core M processors, Intel HD 515 graphics, faster memory, longer battery life, faster storage and a new rose gold finish.
On June 5, 2017, Apple updated the MacBook with Intel Kaby Lake m3, i5, and i7 processors (previously known as m3, m5, and m7). It featured the second-generation butterfly keyboard, which introduced new symbols for the control and option keys. It also features faster storage and memory.
On October 30, 2018, Apple quietly eliminated two color options (rose gold and the original gold) and added a new color option (new gold) to match the MacBook Air's 2018 color scheme.
On July 9, 2019, Apple quietly discontinued the MacBook line.
On June 30, 2021, Apple added the Early 2015 model MacBook to its "vintage products" list, making it eligible for only limited product support.
Design
Externally, the MacBook follows the design of the MacBook Air with a tapered aluminum enclosure. It has a flush screen with black bezels similar to the MacBook Pro. The Apple logo on the rear of the display is glossy and opaque, rather than backlit and white as seen on every Apple notebook since the 1999 PowerBook G3 and 2001 iBook. It is the thinnest and lightest notebook Apple has produced to date, 0.52 inches (1.32 cm) at its thickest point, and 2.03 pounds (0.92 kg).
The letters on the MacBook's keyboard and the model name at the bottom of the screen bezel are in the San Francisco typeface, whereas previous notebooks made by Apple used VAG Rounded.
Apple's introduction of a gold MacBook finish had been cited as an example of positioning itself as a luxury-style brand. The choice follows the introduction of the gold iPhone 5S after Apple found that gold was seen as a popular sign of a luxury among Chinese customers.
Reception
Reception for the MacBook was mixed. Critics praised the design and overall quality of the product, with some regarding it as a potential successor to the MacBook Air, as the Air had an aging design and low resolution screen. However, Apple continued to offer the MacBook Air while selling the MacBook at considerably higher price. Several described the MacBook as a limited first-generation proof-of-concept design for early adopters, and recommended against buying the MacBook until it reached greater maturity, and its price dropped sufficiently for mainstream adoption. The slow performance of the Intel Core M processor was regarded as the new MacBook's main deficiency, relative to the cheaper and faster MacBook Air and MacBook Pro. Among the other criticisms of the new MacBook are the lack of various popular ports, particularly USB Type-A ports, and that it only contains a single port which limits data transfer and overall convenience without the use of an adapter.
The keyboard received considerable criticism as being poor for long-term use: developer Marco Arment described the notebook's build and small size as "absolutely amazing, revolutionary, and mind-blowing... until you need to use the keyboard for something." He also criticised the trackpad as worse than on previous MacBooks, and said that he would be returning the model he had bought.
A report by AppleInsider had claimed that the updated butterfly keyboard fails twice as often as previous models, often due to particles stuck beneath the keys. Repairs for stuck keys have been estimated to cost more than $700. In May 2018,
two class action lawsuits were filed against Apple regarding the keyboard issue with one alleging a "constant threat of nonresponsive keys and accompanying keyboard failure" and accusing Apple of not alerting consumers to the issue. In June 2018, Apple announced a Service Program to "service eligible MacBook and MacBook Pro keyboards, free of charge".
Technical specifications
Supported OSes
Supported macOS releases
Supported Windows versions
See also
MacBook Air
MacBook Pro
References
External links
– official site
MacBook
x86 Macintosh computers
Computer-related introductions in 2015
Products and services discontinued in 2019 | laptop Build Quality | 0.373 | 14,229 |
HP Pavilion dv5
The HP Pavilion dv5 was a model series of laptop/mobile computers manufactured by Hewlett-Packard Company that features a 15.4" diagonal display. The HP Pavilion dv4 features a 14.1" and the HP Pavilion dv7 a 17" display. The dv5 series has been discontinued, being partially replaced by the dv6 (16") series, and released again as a 14.5" model in 2010.
Models
dv5se (Special Edition) - Features the Renewal Imprint finish
dv5t - Uses An Intel Processor
dv5z - Uses An AMD Processor
Weight And Dimensions
Note: Weight varies by configuration
Customizable Features
The following are customizable features only available in the United States (HP CTO Notebooks). Information retrieved on the HP store website, November 2008.
References
HP dv5tse Information webpage
HP dv5t Information webpage
HP dv5z Information webpage
HP dv5 14.5-Inch Edition, 2010
See also
Hewlett-Packard
HP Pavilion
Pavilion dv5 | laptop Build Quality | 0.373 | 14,230 |
Grid Compass
The Grid Compass (written GRiD by its manufacturer GRiD Systems Corporation) was one of the first laptop computers.
History
Development began in 1979, and the main buyer was the U.S. government. NASA used it on the Space Shuttle during the early 1980s, as it was powerful, lightweight, and compact. The military Special Forces also purchased the machine, as it could be used by paratroopers in combat.
Along with the Gavilan SC and Sharp PC-5000 released the following year, the GRiD Compass established much of the basic design of subsequent laptop computers, although the laptop concept itself owed much to the Dynabook project developed at Xerox PARC from the late 1960s. The Compass company subsequently earned significant returns on its patent rights as its innovations became commonplace.
Competitors
The portable Osborne 1 computer sold at around the same time as the GRiD, was more affordable and more popular, and ran the popular CP/M operating system. But, unlike the Compass, the Osborne was not a laptop and lacked the Compass's refinement and small size.
Models
The Compass ran its own operating system, GRiD-OS. Its specialized software and high price (US$8,000–$10,000) meant that it was limited to specialized applications;
Compass
The initial model, the 1101, was introduced in April 1982; Former 1100 model (testing version without modem) were extremely rare and hard to find. The computer was designed by British industrial designer Bill Moggridge.
Design
The design used a clamshell case (where the screen folds flat to the rest of the computer when closed), which was made from a magnesium alloy. The computer featured an Intel 8086 processor, a electroluminescent display, 340-kilobyte magnetic bubble memory, and a 1,200 bit/s modem. Devices such as hard drives and floppy drives could be connected via the IEEE-488 I/O (also known as the GPIB or General Purpose Instrumentation Bus). This port made it possible to connect multiple devices to the addressable device bus. It weighed 5 kg (11 lb). The power input is ~110/220 V AC, 47–66 Hz, 75 W.
Compass II
The Compass II was released in 1984; known a 1121, 1129, 1131 and 1139 models.
References
External links
InfoWorld Aug 2, 1982
InfoWorld Nov 8, 1982
Laptops
History of computing hardware
RadioShack
Products introduced in 1982 | laptop Build Quality | 0.373 | 14,231 |
IdeaPad
IdeaPad (stylized as ideapad) is a line of consumer-oriented laptop computers designed, developed and marketed by Lenovo. The IdeaPad mainly competes against computers such as Acer's Aspire, Dell's Inspiron and XPS, HP's Pavilion, Envy and Stream, Samsung's Sens and Toshiba's Satellite.
History
The IdeaPad laptops were announced in January 2008. The first three models in the product line were the Y710, the Y510, and the U110. Some of the features that defined these first three models were widescreens, VeriFace facial recognition, frameless screens, touch controls, and Dolby speaker systems.
The IdeaPad design marked a deviation from the business-oriented ThinkPad laptops, towards a more consumer-oriented look and feel. Among these changes were a glossy screen and the absence of the traditional ThinkPad TrackPoint. Notebook Review said the keyboard had a ‘"distinctive ThinkPad feel" and "the touchpad and touchpad buttons were smooth and responsive."
On September 21, 2016, Lenovo confirmed that their Yoga series is not meant to be compatible with Linux operating systems, that they know it is impossible to install Linux on some models, and that it is not supported. This came in the wake of media coverage of problems that users were having while trying to install Ubuntu on several Yoga models, including the 900 ISK2, 900 ISK For Business, 900S, and 710, which were traced back to Lenovo intentionally disabling and removing support for the AHCI storage mode for the device's solid-state drive in the computer's BIOS, in favor of a RAID mode that is only supported by Windows 10 drivers that come with the system. (This is also noted to make creation of Windows installation media more difficult than it normally is, as the process requires extracting a storage driver and loading it during the Windows installation process, or else the installer will not see the SSD.)
As of February 2020, Lenovo IdeaPad S940 is the world's cheapest 4K laptop. This IdeaPad notebook, made of aluminium, is the world's first laptop to feature a curved Contour Display.
Current model lines
IdeaPad 1 series (? - current)
IdeaPad 3 series (? - current)
IdeaPad 5 series (? - current)
Flex series (? - current)
The Lenovo IdeaPad Flex is a dual-mode laptop line by Lenovo; Unlike the Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga line of devices the keyboard does not bend back entirely to allow use as a tablet, it's only a dual-mode laptop (except some models). Its keyboard rotates behind the display beyond 300 degrees in order to put the device into "stand mode." Stand mode brings the user closer to the screen for watching videos and using touch-enabled apps and removes the visual distraction from the keyboard. Some models have orange accents, a feature often found in Lenovo's designs.
Early Ideapad Flex has a screen-inch oriented numbering scheme (like "Flex 11", "Flex 13"), current models have an additional market positioning numbering - 3 for low-cost line, 5 for mainstream models, 7 for more expensive line (e.g "Flex 5 11", "Flex 5 13", "Flex 7 13").
According to a review from NDTV Gadgets, "It's clear that Lenovo allocated most of this device's cost to its more visible features. In terms of functionality, it is best thought of as a modern-day netbook: good enough for surfing the Web, creating basic documents and watching movies now and then, but not suitable for any serious work."
Gaming series (? - current)
IdeaPad Gaming 3 was announced in April, 2020.
Discontinued series
Series overview
The old ideaPad comes in a variety of series, with differing purposes:
Yoga series – ''Convertible Entertainment Ultrabooks and Laptops, Convert between four different modes ..." US Lenovo website
Y series – "Premium Multimedia Laptops, High-performance laptops for multimedia and gaming ... feature the fastest processors, the latest discrete graphics technology, high resolution displays..." US Lenovo website
Z series – "Mainstream Entertainment Laptops ... strike ... balance between performance, colorful design, and affordability..." US Lenovo website
Flex series – "Mainstream Multimode Laptops ... thin, light multimode notebooks feature 10-point multitouch displays and all-day battery life." US Lenovo website
U series – "Designer Laptops/Ultrabooks ... meant to be shown off with everyday use." US Lenovo website
A series – "Multimode Android Laptops ... Lenovo-customized Android operating system ... [with] ... two different modes, laptop mode ... and stand mod." UK Lenovo site
S series – "Entry-Level Ultraportables ... give you smart performance, good battery life and clean designs..." UK Lenovo site
100 series – "Ideapad 100 Series laptops are engineered for productivity with an affordable price..."
IdeaPad 130, 330, 530 and 730 lines (2019 - 2020)
IdeaPad 730 Series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 730 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 730 series are respectively an 13-inch laptop designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2019. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core i7 processors. Inches of laptop:
IdeaPad 730s (13")
IdeaPad 530 Series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 530 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 530 series are respectively an 15-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2019. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core processors.
Inches of laptop:
IdeaPad 530s (15")
IdeaPad 330 Series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 330 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 330 series are respectively an 14-inch, 15-inch and 17-inch laptop designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2019. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core processors.
Inch of laptop:
IdeaPad 330 (17")
IdeaPad 330 (15")
IdeaPad 330 (14")
IdeaPad 330s (15")
IdeaPad 330s (14")
IdeaPad 130 Series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 130 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 130 series are respectively an 11-inch, 14-inch and 15-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2019. Both make use of Intel Core processors.
Inches of laptop:
IdeaPad 130s (11")
IdeaPad 130s (14")
IdeaPad 130 (15")
IdeaPad 130 (14")
IdeaPad 120, 320, 520 and 720 lines (2018 - 2019)
IdeaPad 720 Series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 720 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 720 series are respectively an 13-inch laptop designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2018. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core i7 processors. The 720 series uses an Nvidia GeForce video card.
Inches of laptop:
IdeaPad 720s (15")
IdeaPad 720s (14")
IdeaPad 520 Series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 520 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 520 series are respectively an 14-inch and 15-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2018. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core processors. The 520 series uses an AMD Radeon video card.
Inches of laptop:
IdeaPad 520s (14")
IdeaPad 520 (15")
IdeaPad 320 Series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 320 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 320 series are respectively an 14-inch, 15-inch and 17-inch laptop designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2018. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core processors.
Inch of laptop:
IdeaPad 320s (14")
IdeaPad 320s (15")
IdeaPad 320 (17")
IdeaPad 320 (15")
IdeaPad 120 Series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 120 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 120 series are respectively an 11-inch and 14-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2018. Both make use of Intel Core processors.
Inches of laptop:
IdeaPad 120s (14")
IdeaPad 120s (11")
IdeaPad 110, 310, 510 and 710 lines (2017 - 2018)
IdeaPad 710 Series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 710 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 710 series are respectively an 13-inch laptop designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2017. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core i7 processors. The 700 series uses an Nvidia GeForce video card.
Inches of laptop:
IdeaPad 710s Plus (13")
IdeaPad 710s (13")
IdeaPad 510 Series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 510 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 510 series are respectively an 14-inch and 15-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2017. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core processors. The 510 series uses an AMD Radeon video card.
Inches of laptop:
IdeaPad 510s (14")
IdeaPad 510 (15")
IdeaPad 310 Series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 310 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 310 series are respectively an 15-inch laptop designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2017. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core processors.
Inch of laptop:
IdeaPad 310 (15")
IdeaPad 110 Series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 110 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 110 series are respectively an 11-inch, 14-inch, 15-inch and 17-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2017. Both make use of Intel Core processors.
Inches of laptop:
IdeaPad 110 (17")
IdeaPad 110 (15")
IdeaPad 110 (14")
IdeaPad 110s (11")
IdeaPad 100, 300, 500 and 700 lines (2015 - 2017)
IdeaPad 700 Series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 700 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 700 series are respectively an 15-inch and 17-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2015. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core i7 processors. The 700 series uses an Nvidia GeForce video card.
Inches of laptop:
IdeaPad 700 (17")
IdeaPad 700 (15")
IdeaPad 500 Series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 500 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 500 series are respectively an 14-inch and 15-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2015. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core i7 processors. The 500 series uses an AMD Radeon video card.
Inches of laptop:
IdeaPad 500 (15")
IdeaPad 500s (14")
IdeaPad 500 (14")
IdeaPad 300 Series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 300 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 300 series are respectively an 14-inch, 15-inch and 17-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2015. It has no multi-touch displays. Both make use of Intel Core i7 processors. The 300 series uses an AMD Radeon video card.
Inches of laptop:
IdeaPad 300 (17")
IdeaPad 300 (15")
IdeaPad 300 (14")
IdeaPad 100 Series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 100 series was a class of home and office PCs. The IdeaPad 100 series are respectively an 11-inch, 15-inch and 17-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in the United States in 2015. Both make use of Intel Core i5 processors.
Inches of laptop:
IdeaPad 100s (14")
IdeaPad 100s (11")
IdeaPad 100 (15")
IdeaPad 100 (14")
305 series
The Lenovo IdeaPad 305 series was a class of home and small business professional PCs. The IdeaPad 305 series are respectively an 14-inch and 15-inch laptops designed specifically. It was developed by Lenovo in 2015. Both make use of Intel Core i3 or i5 processors. The 305 series uses an AMD Radeon video card.
Inches of laptop:
IdeaPad 305 (14")
IdeaPad 305 (15")
G series
U series (2008-2014)
The IdeaPad U series was a line of a "high-fashion"-oriented laptops with mainstream performance and consumer-grade quality. They had a different screen sizes: a netbook-like laptops (11.1"-12", 2008-2010 years), and long-running 13", 14" and 15" series of models – with integrated, or entry-level discrete GPUs, and low-power processors.
V series
“Combining security and productivity features with a simple design, powerful technology, and all-day battery life, Lenovo V Series laptops are perfect for small business professionals who demand long-term performance and reliability.”
Z Series (2010-2012)
The IdeaPad Z Series laptops were designed primarily for entry-level multimedia users. The first Z Series IdeaPad laptops were the Z360, Z460 and Z560, with 13-inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch screens respectively.
The 2011 IdeaPad laptops launched by Lenovo were the Intel Sandy Bridge processor based Z370, Z470, Z570, and AMD Llano APU processor based Z575.
Features
Y series (2008-2016)
The first laptops in the IdeaPad Y Series line were showcased in CES 2008.
These were the IdeaPad Y710 and Y510 laptops, with 17-inch and 15-inch screens, respectively. The Y series is a line of ordinary laptops with gaming-oriented appearance – a marked difference from ThinkPads.
The laptops in the IdeaPad Y Series were Y400, Y450, Y460, Y460p, Y470, Y480, Y510, Y560, Y560p, Y570, Y580 and Y560d. The current models offered in a "Legion" subbrand, and comes with a 14", 15" and 17" screens.
The notable models of Y series is the 2016's Y900 with a slim mechanical keyboard, 2013's Y400 and Y500 with an advanced UltraBay with optional secondary discrete graphic card, and 2008's Y710 with optional "Lenovo Game Zone" module.
Ideapad Yoga series
Ideapad Yoga is an obsolete derivative of an Ideapad line. But currently, after producing a few shared laptop models, the Yoga line was divided into a different market niche.
IdeaPad Yoga 13
The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 13 is a hybrid notebook/tablet computer created by Lenovo and first announced at the International CES 2012 in January. The 13-inch Yoga was released by Lenovo on Oct. 26, 2012 at a price of $1,099. Best Buy released an alternative version of the Yoga 13 with an Intel Core i5 processor (vs. Lenovo's base model's i3 processor) and no Microsoft Office (whereas Lenovo's base model includes Microsoft Office). Its smaller cousin, Yoga 11, which runs Windows RT (as opposed to the Yoga 13, running Windows 8), was released in December 2012 for $799. With products such as Yoga 11 and 13, Lenovo has been able to take more than 40% of the American retail market of computers priced at least $900 that run Microsoft's Windows 8.
In an editors' review, CNET stated that, "The Yoga works best as a full-time laptop and part-time tablet, because when it's folded back into a slate, you still have the keyboard pointing out from the back of the system. Although the keyboard and touch pad are deactivated in this mode, it's still not ideal. Plus, despite the hype, Windows 8 is still not a 100-percent tablet-friendly OS, and there are some frustrations that span all the Windows 8 tablet-style devices we've tested. The Yoga certainly seems to be everyone's choice for a great Windows 8 ambassador – both Microsoft and Intel have touted it as a best-in-class example, and Best Buy is currently featuring it in a television ad."
IdeaPad Yoga 11
The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11 is a hybrid laptop/tablet Windows RT based computer released in late 2012. The Yoga 11 and Yoga 13 computers both get their names from their unique design that enables the devices to rotate their screen backwards to become tablet devices. According to PC Pro, "The hybrid design is immensely flexible. Prop the Yoga 11 up in 'tent mode', and the touchscreen can be angled just so. Lay the keyboard facing the desk, and the screen can be tilted back and forth while sturdy-feeling hinges keep the display from flopping backwards. Fold the screen all the way back, and hidden magnets hold it clamped shut against the underside, transforming it into a tablet." The Yoga 11 has slim chassis with a matte orange exterior finish and an all-black interior that weighs 2.79 pounds. It has a full-size QWERTY keyboard. According to TechRadar, the "large, well-cushioned keys offer a far better experience than Microsoft Surface, and there's a large trackpad as well."
The Yoga 11 is powered by a quad-core Nvidia Tegra 3 that runs at a maximum clockspeed of 1.3 GHz and features an integrated graphics processor. The Tegra 3 is also found in numerous Android-based tablets. 2 GB of RAM comes standard. This relatively small amount of RAM is sufficient due to the reduced memory requirements of Windows RT applications. The Yoga 11 is sold with solid-state drives in 32 GB and 64 GB capacities. The Yoga 11 runs the Windows RT operating system. Microsoft Office 2013 ships pre-installed. Like all Windows RT devices, the Yoga 11 cannot run software designed for earlier versions of Windows, only apps designed for the new Metro interface are compatible. The Yoga 11 has an 11.6-inch glossy screen that makes use of IPS technology and runs at a resolution of 1366×768. The screen has a maximum brightness of only 344 nits, but has a measured contrast ratio of 1,146:1. There two USB 2.0 ports, an SD card reader, a 3.5 mm headphone jack, and a standard HDMI output. There is a built-in 720P webcam.
In its review TechRadar stated, "The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11 is a stylish, lightweight and durable laptop that neatly doubles as a tablet. At 11 inches, it's portable and thin enough to be used in tablet form, but like its bigger brother, having the keys on the reverse affecting your grip makes it far from ideal.If you're looking for a laptop form factor for work, which doubles as a tablet for basic apps and sofa surfing, then the Yoga 11 is worth serious consideration, although we'd advise you to head to your nearest PC superstore to give it the once over. It's not for everyone, and we'd primarily recommend it to someone looking for a small Windows 8 laptop who doesn't want to miss out on enjoying all the touchscreen goodness that Windows 8 has to offer."
IdeaPad Yoga 11S
The IdeaPad Yoga 11S is a compact ultralight hybrid notebook/tablet computer scheduled for release in 2013. Like the Yoga 13 and the Yoga 11 the Yoga 11S gets its name from its ability to take on various form factors due to its screen being mounted on a special two-way hinge. The Yoga 11S runs the full version of Microsoft's Windows 8 operating system. The Yoga 11s will ship in the United States in June 2013 with a starting price of $799.
Like other models in the IdeaPad Yoga line, the Yoga 11S has a convertible form factor. Its screen can flip into a range of positions that allow it to serve as a regular laptop and tablet device as well as being able to function in "tent mode" and "stand mode." Like the Yoga 11, the 11S will be available in silver and clementine orange. The Yoga 11S can be configured with processors as powerful as Intel's "Ivy Bridge" Core i7 processor, will support up to a 256 GB SSD, and can hold as much as 8 GB of RAM. The Yoga 11S has an 11.6" display with available options for resolutions of 1366×768 pixels and 1600×900 pixels.
CNET writes, "The 11-inch Yoga – Lenovo's clever laptop/tablet hybrid – had a great physical design, but ran the lame Windows RT operating system. The 13-inch Yoga ran full Windows 8, but was a bit too large for tablet duties. The upcoming Yoga 11S may be the "just right" marriage of the two: the smaller and lighter 11-inch chassis, but running full Windows 8 – while still keeping the unique folding design."
IdeaPad Yoga Tablet
The IdeaPad Yoga Tablet is an Android tablet with a multi-mode device with a rear kickstand designed to allow it to be placed upright for viewing videos and other media or tilted for easier text entry. The Yoga Tablet has a round battery that can last as long as 18 hours. It comes in models with 10-inch and 8-inch screens. Internal storage varies from 16 gigabytes to 32 gigabytes.
An upgraded version was added in February 2014, called Lenovo Yoga Tablet 10 HD+, which featured a Full HD display and a Qualcomm Snapdragon processor.
Currently the combined Ideapad Yoga line has been discontinued, and Lenovo Yoga brand is now an actual self-standing product line.
Miix series (2013-20??)
The Lenovo Miix was a series of multi-mode computing devices that function as both a tablet and a notebook computer. The Miix line started with simple Miix branding, in 2015 - 20** called as "IdeaPad Miix", and then again rebranded to simply "Miix" in 20**, following to discontinuation in 20**.
Former Miix line uses a Intel Atom CPUs, last models can have a ARM-based CPU.
S series (2008-?)
The first laptop in Lenovo's netbook IdeaPad S Series was scheduled for launch in September 2008 but was delayed, with an estimated release date indicated as November. Ultimately, the laptop was released in September in China, but in October in the United States.
S series line starts with a S10 laptop, low-cost, Intel Atom powered 10.2 inch subnotebook. Couple of further S-series laptops gets an Atom CPU, but, once Atom line was discontinued, main line of lightweight S series laptops switches to a low-power AMD A-series, Intel Celeron, Pentium and low-cost versions of Y-series CPUs.
C series
IdeaPad C340 was announced in February 2019.
L series
IdeaPad L340 was announced in April 2019.
See also
LePad
IdeaPhone
References
External links
Lenovo's Official web site for IdeaPad notebooks
Consumer electronics brands
Computer-related introductions in 2008
Products introduced in 2008 | laptop Build Quality | 0.372 | 14,232 |
ThinkBook
ThinkBook is a line of business-oriented laptop computers and tablets designed, developed and marketed by Lenovo.
The ThinkBook line is marketed towards small business users and gets the same market position as Lenovo's ThinkPad E series. The ThinkBook does not have a TrackPoint, physical touchpad buttons, and has a simplified keyboard layout. However, the ThinkBook has an aluminum case (instead of a plastic Thinkpad E case).
13s and 14s
The first product lineup launched in 2019 with the ThinkBook 13s and 14s. Both laptops include TPM 2.0 security chips, fingerprint readers, webcam shutters similar to those on ThinkPads, and dedicated buttons for Skype. They support 8th Generation Intel Core processors, AMD Radeon 540X graphics, M.2 SSD storage, USB-C Docks, and run Windows 10 Pro. The ThinkBook 13s has a 13-inch screen and the 14s has a 14-inch screen.
See also
Lenovo IdeaPad
IBM/Lenovo ThinkCentre
IBM/Lenovo ThinkPad
HP ProBook
Dell Vostro
References
External links
Official Lenovo ThinkBook website
Think
Consumer electronics brands
Computer-related introductions in 2019
Products introduced in 2019 | laptop Build Quality | 0.371 | 14,233 |
HP Pavilion dv7
The HP Pavilion dv7 was a model series of laptops manufactured by Hewlett-Packard from 2008 that featured a 17.3" diagonal display. The HP Pavilion dv4 featured a 14.1" and the HP Pavilion dv5 a 15.4" display. The DV7 had bays for two hard drives, but was supplied with one; if a second hard drive was fitted then a hard drive hardware kit of bracket, connector cable, Mylar shield, and screws was required.
As of August 2012, most Pavilion laptops (namely the Pavilion M4, M6, dv6 and dv7 series) have been upgraded, rebranded and integrated into the premium HP Envy lineup with the newer Microsoft Windows 8 operating system. The Pavilion dv7 as such is therefore out of production.
Models
dv7t - Uses An Intel Processor
dv7z - Uses An AMD Processor
dv7-1000 to dv7-1400 series
Model produced alongside dv5 series. Display 17.0" CCFL WXGA+ (1440 × 900) or WSXGA+ (1680 × 1050).
dv7-1000 to dv7-2300 series
Model produced alongside dv6 series. Display 17.3" LED HD+ (1600 × 900), BrightView or flush glass AntiGlare. New look. MediaPlay button has been removed from the capacitive board.
dv7-3000 to dv7-3300 series
Very similar to the dv7-2000. In addition, was introduced a models with an Intel i5 and i7 processors and Nvidia discrete graphics — GeForce G 105M (512 MB) or GeForce GT 230M (1024 MB).
dv7-4000 to dv7-4300 series
Model produced alongside dv6-3000 series. Completely changed the design and construction, reducing the amount of gadget link in used in previous models. This will remove an ExpressCard slot, remote control, capacitive board, built-in TV tuner. Introduced island keyboard and "ClickPad" touchpad without buttons. New motherboard and cooling system reduced the amount of available ports on the left side of the computer. Introduced switchable graphics.
dv7-5000 series
Intel-based notebooks:
Processors: II-generation Intel Core i7 Quad
Graphics: Intel HD Graphics (UMA), switchable ATI Mobility Radeon HD 5650 1024 MB or ATI Mobility Radeon HD 5470 512 MB
dv7-6000 to dv7-6100 series
Display 17.3" LED HD+ (1600x900) BrightView or FullHD (1920×1080) AntiGlare. New look. Touchpad with mechanical switch. Quad speakers and subwoofer. eSATA combo port was removed.
dv7-6b00
dv7-6c00
dv7-7000 and dv7-7100 series
Some design changes. Quad speakers (two in the lid) and subwoofer. Supports III-generation Intel Core processors and mSATA SSD drive. Now supports two USB 3.0 ports. Second headphone jack was removed.
ENVY dv7-7200 and dv7-7300
The Pavilion brand was renamed to the brand ENVY. Laptops are sold with Microsoft Windows 8 operating system. For this reason, changed the motherboard. Added some new CPUs. Other specifications are the same as the DV7-7000 series notebooks.
In 2015. HP released a new series of HP Envy Laptops including the dv3, dv5 and dv7 models. The models feature a fingerprint sensor, a lifted hinge, Bang and Olufsen speakers and new Intel Core i processors based on the Skylake architecture. HP claims that this laptop is a very thin laptop.
References
Pavilion dv7 | laptop Build Quality | 0.371 | 14,234 |
MacBook (2006–2012)
The MacBook is a line of Macintosh notebook computers designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Inc. from May 2006 to February 2012. A new line of computers by the same name was released in 2015, serving the same purpose as an entry-level laptop. It replaced the iBook series of notebooks as a part of Apple's transition from PowerPC to Intel processors. Positioned as the low end of the MacBook family, below the premium ultra-portable MacBook Air and the powerful MacBook Pro, the MacBook was aimed at the consumer and education markets. It was the best-selling Macintosh ever. For five months in 2008, it was the best-selling laptop of any brand in US retail stores. Collectively, the MacBook brand is the "world's top-selling line of premium laptops."
There have been four separate designs of the MacBook. The original model used a combination of polycarbonate and fiberglass casing which was modeled after the iBook G4. The second type was introduced in October 2008 alongside the 15-inch MacBook Pro; the MacBook shared the more expensive laptop's unibody aluminium casing, but omitted FireWire. A third design, introduced in late 2009, had a polycarbonate unibody casing.
On July 20, 2011, the MacBook was discontinued for consumer purchase as it had been effectively superseded by the MacBook Air which had a lower entry price. Apple continued to sell the MacBook to educational institutions until February 2012.
1st generation: Polycarbonate
The original MacBook, available in black or white colors, was released on May 16, 2006, and used the Intel Core Duo processor and 945GM chipset, with Intel's GMA 950 integrated graphics on a 667 MHz front side bus. Later revisions of the MacBook moved to the Core 2 Duo processor and the GM965 chipset, with Intel's GMA X3100 integrated graphics on an 800 MHz system bus. Sales of the black polycarbonate MacBook ceased in October 2008, after the introduction of the aluminum MacBook.
While thinner than its predecessor – the iBook G4 – the MacBook is wider than the 12-inch model due to its widescreen display. In addition, the MacBook was one of the first (the first being the MacBook Pro) to adopt Apple's MagSafe power connector and it replaced the iBook's mini-VGA display port with a mini-DVI display port. The iBook's discrete graphics chip was initially replaced by an integrated Intel GMA solution, though the latest revisions of the MacBook were upgraded with the more powerful Nvidia GeForce 9400M and later the 320M.
While the MacBook Pro largely followed the industrial design standard set by the PowerBook G4, the MacBook was Apple's first notebook to use features now standard in its notebooks – the glossy display, the sunken keyboard design and the non-mechanical magnetic latch. With the late 2007 revision, the keyboard received several changes to closely mirror the one which shipped with the iMac, by adding the same keyboard short-cut to control multimedia, and removing the embedded numeric keypad and the Apple logo from the command keys.
A more expensive black model was offered until the introduction of the unibody aluminum MacBook. The polycarbonate MacBook was the only Macintosh notebook (until the new 2015 model) to be offered in more than one color since the iBook G3 (Clamshell).
Ports
The ports are all on the left edge; on early models, from left to right, they are the MagSafe power connector, Gigabit Ethernet, mini-DVI, FireWire 400, 2 USB 2.0 ports, audio in, audio out and Kensington Security Slot.
For the unibody polycarbonate MacBook (2009), the ports from left to right are the MagSafe power connector, Gigabit Ethernet, Mini DisplayPort, 2 USB 2.0 ports, audio out and Kensington Security Slot.
On the front, there is a power light and an infrared receiver, while on the right edge, there is only the optical drive.
User serviceability
The polycarbonate Intel MacBook is easier for users to fix or upgrade than its predecessor. Where the iBook required substantial disassembly to access internal components such as the hard drive, users only need to remove the battery and the RAM door to access or replace the internal hard disk drive. Apple provides do-it-yourself manuals for these tasks.
Quality problems
In February 2007, the MacBook was recalled because the graphics card and hard drive caused the computer to overheat, forcing the unit to shut down.
Some early polycarbonate MacBook models suffered from random shutdowns; Apple released a firmware update to resolve them.
There were also cases reported of discolored or chipping palmrests. In such cases, Apple asked affected owners to contact AppleCare.
There were problems with batteries on some models from 2007 not being read by the MacBook. This is caused by a logic board fault and not a fault with the battery.
In February 2010, Apple announced a recall for MacBooks bought between 2006 and 2007 for hard drive issues. This is caused by heat and other problems.
Model specifications
Apple used the A1181 code, printed on the case, for this family of models, though 17 variations may be counted if color is included.
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width: 100%;"
|-
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="9"| Table of models for MacBook A1181 family
|-
!style="background:#ffdead;width:8%;"|Model
!style="background:#ffdead;width:11.5%;"|Mid 2006
!style="background:#ffdead;width:11.5%;"|Late 2006
!style="background:#ffdead;width:11.5%;"|Mid 2007
!style="background:#ffdead;width:11.5%;"|Late 2007 (Santa Rosa)
!style="background:#ffdead;width:11.5%;"|Early 2008
!style="background:#ffdead;width:11.5%;"|Late 2008(White)
!style="background:#ffdead;width:11.5%;"|Early 2009 (White)
!style="background:#ffdead;width:11.5%;"|Mid 2009 (White)
|-
!style="width:8%;"|Component
! Intel Core Duo
!colspan=7| Intel Core 2 Duo
|-
! Release date
|May 16, 2006
|November 8, 2006
|May 15, 2007
|November 1, 2007
|February 26, 2008
|October 14, 2008
|January 21, 2009
|May 27, 2009
|-
! Model numbers
|MA254*/A MA255*/A MA472*/A
|MA699*/A MA700*/A MA701*/A
|MB061*/A MB062*/A MB063*/A
|MB061*/B MB062*/B MB063*/B
|MB402*/A MB403*/A MB404*/A
|MB402*/B
|MB881*/A
|MC240*/A
|-
! Model identifier
|MacBook1,1
|colspan=2|MacBook2,1
|MacBook3,1
|MacBook4,1
|MacBook4,2
|colspan=2|MacBook5,2
|-
! Display
|colspan=8|13.3-inch glossy widescreen LCD, 1280 × 800 pixel resolution (WXGA, 16:10 = 8:5 aspect ratio)
|-
! Front side bus
|colspan=3|667 MHz
|colspan=3|800 MHz
|colspan=2|1066 MHz
|-
! Processor
|1.83 GHz or 2 GHz Intel Core Duo (T2400/T2500)
|1.83 GHz or 2 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo (T5600/T7200)
|2 GHz or 2.16 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo (T7200/T7400)
|2 GHz or 2.2 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo (T7300/T7500)
|2.1 GHz or 2.4 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo (T8100/T8300)
|2.1 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo (T8100)
|2 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo (P7350)
|2.13 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo (P7450)
|-
! MemoryTwo slots forDDR2 SDRAM
|512 MB (two 256 MB) 667 MHz PC2-5300Expandable to 2 GB
|512 MB (two 256 MB) or 1 GB (two 512 MB) 667 MHz PC2-5300Expandable to 4 GB (3 GB usable)5
|1 GB (two 512 MB) 667 MHz PC2-5300Expandable to 4 GB (3 GB usable)5
|colspan=2|1 GB (two 512 MB) or 2 GB (two 1 GB) 667 MHz PC2-5300Expandable to 6 GB (4 GB supported by Apple)
|1 GB (two 512 MB) 667 MHz PC2-5300Expandable to 6 GB (4 GB supported by Apple)
|2 GB (two 1 GB) 667 MHz PC2-5300Expandable to 8 GB 800 Mhz PC2-6400 (4 GB supported by Apple)6
|2 GB (two 1 GB) 800 MHz PC2-6400Expandable to 8 GB (4 GB supported by Apple)6
|-
! GraphicsShared with system memory
|colspan=3|Intel GMA 950 using 64 MB RAM (up to 224 MB in Windows through Boot Camp).
|colspan=3|Intel GMA X3100 using 144 MB RAM (up to 384 MB available in Windows through Boot Camp)
|colspan=2|Nvidia GeForce 9400M using 256 MB RAM
|-
! rowspan=2| Hard drive2
|60 or 80 GBOptional 100 or 120 GB
|60, 80, 120 GBOptional 160 or 200 GB, 4200-rpm
|80, 120, 160 GBOptional 200 GB, 4200-rpm
|80, 120, 160 GBOptional 250 GB
|120, 160, 250 GB
|120 GBOptional 160 or 250 GB
|120 GBOptional 160, 250, 320 GB
|160 GBOptional 250, 320, 500 GB
|-
| colspan="8" | Serial ATA 5400-rpm unless specified
|-
! Combo drive3Base model only
|8× DVD read, 24× CD-R and 10× CD-RW recording
|colspan=4|8× DVD read, 24× CD-R and 16× CD-RW recording
|colspan=3| N/A
|-
! Internal slot-loading SuperDrive3
|8× double-layer discs reads. 4× DVD±R & RW recording. 24× CD-R and 10× CD-RW recording
|2.4× DVD+R DL writes, 6× DVD±R read, 4× DVD±RW writes, 24× CD-R, and 10× CD-RW recording
|colspan=6|4× DVD+R DL writes, 8× DVD±R read, 4× DVD±RW writes, 24× CD-R, and 10x CD-RW recording
|-
! Connectivity
| Integrated AirPort Extreme 802.11a/b/gGigabit EthernetBluetooth 2.0 + EDR
| Integrated Airport Extreme 802.11a/b/g/n Gigabit EthernetBluetooth 2.0 + EDR
|colspan=4| Integrated Airport Extreme 802.11a/b/g/n Gigabit EthernetBluetooth 2.0 + EDR
| colspan="2" | Integrated Airport Extreme 802.11a/b/g/n Gigabit EthernetBluetooth 2.1 + EDR
|-
! Peripherals
|colspan=8| 2 × USB 2.01 × Firewire 4001 × Optical digital / analog audio line-in1 × Optical digital / analog audio line-out
|-
! Camera
|colspan=8| iSight Camera (640 × 480 0.3 MP)
|-
! Video out
|colspan=6| Mini DVI-I (integrated digital + analog)
|colspan=2| Mini DVI-D (digital-only, no analog)
|-
! Original Operating system
|colspan=3|Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger
| colspan="5" |Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard
|-
! Latest release operating system
|Mac OS X 10.6.8 Snow Leopard
|colspan=5|Mac OS X 10.7.5 Lion
|colspan=2|OS X 10.11 El Capitan
|-
! Battery
| colspan="8" | 55-watt-hour removable lithium-polymer
|-
! Weight'|colspan=2| ||
|colspan=5|
|-
! Dimensions
|colspan=8|1.08 in × 12.78 in × 8.92 in (27.5 mm × 325 mm × 227 mm)
|}Notes:1 Requires the purchase of a wireless-N enabler software from Apple in order to enable the functionality. Also enabled in Mac OS X 10.6 and later.
2 Hard drives noted are options available from Apple. As the hard drive is a user-replaceable part, there are custom configurations available, including use of 7200-rpm drives or SSDs.
3 Given optical drive speed is its maximum.
4 Beginning with the early 2008 revision, the Apple Remote became an optional add-on.
5 Expandable to 4 GB, with 3.3 GB usable.
6 Expandable to 8 GB, but with only 6 GB working stably with a Mac OS X older than 10.6.6 due to a software bug.
1st generation: Aluminum Unibody
On October 14, 2008, Apple announced a MacBook featuring a new Nvidia chipset at a Cupertino, California press conference with the tagline: "The spotlight turns to notebooks". This MacBook was still the first generation MacBook because it only replaced the black polycarbonate models to be the new higher-spec MacBook. It was replaced by the 13-inch MacBook Pro the following year.
The chipset brought a 1066 MHz system bus, use of DDR3 system memory, and integrated Nvidia GeForce 9400M graphics. Other changes include a display which uses LED backlights (replacing the fluorescent tube backlights used in the previous model) and arsenic-free glass, a new Mini DisplayPort (replacing the polycarbonate MacBook's mini-DVI port), a multi-touch glass trackpad which also acts as the mouse button, and the removal of the FireWire 400 port (thus it doesn't support Target Disk Mode, used for data transfers or operating system repairs without booting the system).
There was only one product cycle of the aluminum MacBook, as Apple rebranded the next revision in June 2009 as a 13-inch MacBook Pro using the same chassis with an added FireWire port and SD card slot.
Design
The design had stylistic traits of the MacBook Air which were also implemented into the design of the MacBook Pro. This model is thinner than the original polycarbonate MacBooks, and it made use of a unibody aluminum case with tapered edges. The keyboard of the higher-end model included a backlight.
Reception
Although Gizmodo concluded it to be "our favorite MacBook to date," they did claim, at this time, its display was inferior to that found on the MacBook Pro and MacBook Air, alleging a smaller viewing angle, washed-out colors, and dimmer backlighting. Similarly, AppleInsider and Engadget concluded it "may well be Apple's best MacBook to date" and "these are terrific choices—not only from an industrial design standpoint, but in specs as well" respectively, while also drawing attention to a lower quality display as compared with the MacBook Pro and MacBook Air. Charlie Sorrel of Wired News reached a similar conclusion about the MacBook display, citing its poor contrast and lack of vertical angle in comparison with the MacBook Pro and even the older white MacBook. Peter Cohen wrote an article discussing the loss of the FireWire port for Macworld, saying "The absence of FireWire ports is certainly an inconvenience for some users. But it shouldn’t be considered a deal-breaker for most of us, anyway."
Model specifications Notes:1 Hard drives noted are options available from Apple. As the hard drive is a user-replaceable part, there are custom configurations available, including use of 7,200-rpm drives and SSDs.
2 Given optical drive speed is its maximum.
2nd generation: Polycarbonate Unibody
On October 20, 2009, Apple released the second generation MacBook that introduced a new polycarbonate (plastic) unibody design, faster DDR3 memory, a multi-touch trackpad, an LED-backlit display, and a built-in seven-hour battery. The polycarbonate unibody MacBook, like its aluminum predecessor, lacks FireWire and, like the 13-inch MacBook Pro, has a combined audio in/out port. There is no infrared port and the Apple Remote is not included. On May 18, 2010, the MacBook was refreshed with a faster processor, a faster graphics card, improved battery life, and the ability to pass audio through the Mini DisplayPort connector. On July 20, 2011, the MacBook was discontinued for consumer purchases, but was still available to educational institutions until February 2012. It was the last Mac to use a plastic shell, as every Mac since has used aluminum.
Design
Unlike the MacBook Air, the MacBook follows the same design first seen in the MacBook Pro; however, it is rounder on the edges than previous laptops in the MacBook line. This model has an all-white fingerprint-resistant glossy palm rest, unlike the grayish surface of its predecessor, and uses a multi-touch glass trackpad like the one found on the MacBook Pro. The video-out port is Mini DisplayPort. The bottom of the MacBook features a rubberized non-slip finish. This was prone to peeling off and Apple offered free replacements fitted by authorised agents until at least 2015 internationally. The built-in battery of the late 2009 revision, a feature introduced earlier in the year with the MacBook Pro, is claimed by Apple to last seven hours compared with five hours in the older models. However, in tests conducted by Macworld, the battery was found to last only about four hours while playing video at full brightness with AirPort turned off. However, Apple's battery life was calculated with the brightness at the middle setting and while browsing websites and editing word documents, not with video and at full brightness. Gizmodo also reached about the same conclusion in their tests, but with AirPort turned on. The battery included in the mid-2010 model holds an additional five watt-hours over the previous model's and is claimed to last up to ten hours.
Reception
Despite being hailed by Slashgear as "one of the best entry-level notebooks Apple have produced," the unibody MacBook has received criticism for its lack of a FireWire port and SD card slot. Nilay Patel of Engadget added that the USB ports were easily dented and the bottom of the laptop became worn and discolored after a few days. He also drew particular attention to the fact that the price was not lowered, stating the small price difference between the MacBook and the MacBook Pro makes it a "wasted pricing opportunity." However, most critics agree that the unibody MacBook's display is significantly better than its predecessor's. AppleInsider states the new display "delivers significantly better color and viewing angle performance" than the previous MacBook, but still "not as vivid and wide-angle viewable as the MacBook Pro screens."
Model specifications
|}Notes:''
1 Memory noted are the options available from Apple. As memory is a user-replaceable part, there are custom configurations possible, including use of two 2 GB RAM modules, for 4 GB of RAM, two 4 GB RAM modules, for 8 GB of RAM, and two 8 GB RAM modules, for 16 GB of RAM. Modules must be PC3-8500S, CL 7, 1.5 volts. Also possible: 2 + 1 = 3 GB; 4 + 1 = 5 GB; 8 + 1 = 9 GB; 4 + 2 = 6 GB; 8 + 2 = 10 GB; 8 + 4 = 12 GB. Modules may be 1Rx8 or 2Rx8.
2 Hard drives noted are options available from Apple. As the hard drive is a user-replaceable part, there are custom configurations possible, including capacities up to 2 TB and SSDs. For rotating drives, 5,400 rpm is recommended, for power and cooling reasons.
3 Noted optical drive speed is its maximum. It is possible to replace the optical drive with a caddy which accommodates an SSD or a second hard drive. Look for caddies which are intended for MacBook A1342 models; there are similar (but slightly different) caddies which are intended for Mac mini models.
Criticisms and defects
The rubber bottom of unibody MacBooks have been known to peel off. Apple has noticed this as a flaw and will replace the bottom for free, with or without a warranty. Some consumers have also reported defects in their LCD displays in mid-2010–2011 models.
The MagSafe power adapter of MacBooks has been known to fray, break, and stop working. Following a lawsuit, Apple replaces these adapters for US residents with affected adapters, purchased (or received as a gift) with computers or as an accessory.
Some MacBooks are affected by the iSeeYou vulnerability, potentially allowing their iSight cameras to record the user without the user's knowledge.
Supported operating systems
See also
Comparison of Macintosh models
MacBook family
MacBook (12-inch)
MacBook Air
MacBook Pro
References
External links
MacBook Developer Note
MacBook Buyer's Guide
Another Blog all about the Macbook with diagrams
Computer-related introductions in 2006
X86 Macintosh computers
Products and services discontinued in 2012 | laptop Build Quality | 0.37 | 14,235 |
Samsung Ativ Book 9
The ATIV Book 9 is a brand for group of computers that are part of ATIV laptop computer product line from Samsung Electronics Inc. Book 9 is the flagship product of ATIV line up and is designed with performance and portability in mind. All models come with either Intel Core i5 or i7 CPUs and solid-state drive(SSD) storage. The thinnest model of being thickness, ATIV Book 9 is among the thinnest laptop computers in the world.
A group of Book 9 models come with different specifications. As of February, 2014, there are three 13-inch models and two 15-inch models in the ATIV Book 9 line up. Book 9 Plus model has a 13.3" touchscreen panel with qHD+ (3200 x 1800) resolution display and aluminum single-shell body. Book 9 consists of 13.3" display size model with FHD (1920 x 1080) resolution and magnesium enclosure, and 15.6" display size model with FHD resolution display with single-shell body. Two additional models with plastic enclosure is also offered; Book 9 Lite with 13.3" HD resolution display and Book 9 Style with 15.6" FHD resolution display. An updated version was released in 2015 The ATIV Book 9, Book 9 Pro, Book 9 Plus and Book 9 Spin.
History
First Generation
The first Book 9 was introduced as Series9 at January 6, 2011 at the Consumer Electronics Show(CES) on and won the Best of CES award in the Laptop category. It featured world's first enclosure that is made out of aerospace grade duralumin with thickness and in weight. The first model had Sandy Bridge Intel Core i5 processor, 128GB solid-state drive(SSD) and a 13.3" HD (1366 x 768) display with 300 nit of brightness.
On May 4, 2011, Samsung Electronics also introduced 11.6" display version of the Series9 in Korea market. It had same design identity, specification and exterior material as the 13.3" model except the display size and CPU of Intel Core i3-380UM. The thickness remained the same but the weight was lighter at . Two months later, an updated CPU version with Intel Core i5-2537M was introduced to the Korean market to test the market perception of a smaller screen laptop. The original intention was to compete against MacBook Air line up with same screen size models, but due to sluggish demand of smaller screen size model, the 11-inch model was ceased by the end of the year and consequently, the global release was canceled as well. Newly developed 15-inch model superseded the 11-inch model in order to meet the larger-screen preference of the Korean market and later, it was introduced worldwide.
Second Generation
The second generation of Series9 was announced to the public at the CE Show on January 8, 2012. The new model had same display size of 13.3" but the resolution was stepped up from HD (1366 x 768) to HD+ (1600 x 900) and the brightness was increased from 300 nit to 400 nit. Design was refined and the material of the enclosure was changed from duralumin to aluminium single-shell body. Subsequently, the weight was reduced from to and the thickness was reduced from to . The user was offered a choice of 128GB SSD as well as larger 256GB SSD for the storage. It was introduced with Sandy Bridge Intel Core i5 processor at the CE Show but 3 months later, it was upgraded to the Ivy Bridge Intel Core i5 processor before the hitting the market. Magnesium enclosure version with exact same design was also released in August 2012. Although the second generation Series9 didn't win the Best of CE Show award as its predecessor had, it was the final contender in the laptop category.
In March 2012, the 15.0" display version of the Series9 was announced to the market with HD+ resolution display. It had same specification as its 13.3" counterpart but introduced to the market with Ivy Bridge Intel Core i5 processor from the beginning. The Magnesium enclosure version was also introduced in July 2012.
Third Generation
At the beginning of 2013, Samsung Electronics changed the marketing name of all of its computer line up to ATIV and consequently, Series9 became ATIV Book 9.
Between March and April 2013, all the models with 13.3" displays were upgraded from HD+ to FHD (1920 x 1080).
On June 20, 2013, during the "Samsung Premiere 2013: Galaxy & ATIV" event at London, ATIV Book 9 Plus and ATIV Book 9 Lite was introduced to public. Book 9 Plus featured Haswell Intel Core i5 processor and 13.3" qHD+ (3200 x 1800) resolution display with touchscreen panel. Although it was equipped with qHD+ display, initial advertisement showed it as having FHD resolution display due to lack of qHD+ driver support of Windows 8.0. This issue has been resolved with the arrival of Windows 8.1 and all Book 9 Plus models currently have an option to choose qHD+ resolution once the Windows 8.1 is installed even though the previous advertisement showed FHD in its specification.
Book 9 Lite has plastic enclosure but it still retains the "Thin & Light" design identity of Book 9 family. It is equipped with AMD quad-core A6-1450 APU with Radeon HD8250 GPU and HD resolution display. The performance of the APU was relatively low but the overall speed was compensated by the SSD. It was marketed toward casual computer users who mainly use the device for web browsing and email checking, not computation-intensive application users.
On January 7, 2014, Samsung Electronics announced the new ATIV Book 9 2014 Edition at CES 2014. The screen size was increased from 15.0" to 15.6" from the previous 15 inch Book 9 and the resolution was upgraded from HD to FHD as well. It was announced as the world's first laptop PC to have native lossless audio up to 24bit/192 kHz, such as FLAC and ALAC, playback feature. Due to 48 kHz audio playback limitation of Windows operating system, a dedicated lossless audio player software, S Player+, was also developed and shipped with the product. It also marketed as having the longest battery running time of 14 hours in 15-inch class laptop computers. This model also was a final contender to the throne at the Best of CE Show laptop category. Although announced in January 2014, it had not yet marketed, till end of May 2014.
Later in the same month, Book 9 Style, another 15 inch Book 9 was introduced to the Korean market. It had similar design and specification as Book 9 2014 Edition, except having plastic enclosure and lack of lossless sound playback feature. However, it was equipped with two powerful speakers with 4W of output each. Also the exterior has leather-like texture finish with faux stitch design on the edge of the computer.
All the new Book 9 models that are announced in 2014 include new features such as high current USB port for tablet charging, AptX codec for high quality audio transmission over Bluetooth, Dolby Virtual 5.1 surround sound effect and remote controllable audio port.
Design
The main design philosophy of ATIV Book 9 is "Thin & Light" and the design motive came from bent sheet of a paper to hint its thin and lightness. In order to make the product durable while maintaining the light weight, aerospace grade duralumin was chosen for enclosure. The design philosophy and the motive remained the same during the second and third iteration of the design but the material was changed to aluminium due to better manufacturability and easiness of putting fine details. Later, a magnesium variant was also added to offer an even lighter option.
Initially, the line up included 11-inch screen-size model and 13-inch screen-size model but the 11-inch version was dropped by the end of 2011 due to the low popularity in Korean market. Instead, 15-inch model superseded 11-inch one in early 2012. The screen size was slightly increased from 15.0 inch to 15.6 inch in 2014 but the thickness remained the same at .
The first plastic enclosure version with 13-inch screen, Book 9 Lite, was added to the line up in 2013. It had similar design identity with other models in the line up, it was configured to have low cost CPU with plastic exterior in order to meet the demand from those who preferred the sleek design of Book 9 yet conscious about budget. The 15-inch version of the Book 9 Lite was released to the market in 2014 with the marketing name of "Book 9 Style", however, this model had same configuration as Book 9 2014 Edition in terms of performance.
Awards
2014 Consumer Reports #1 Rank in 15-16 inch Laptop Category
2014 PC Magazine Reader's Choice Award
2013 iF Design Award
2012 iF Design Award
2012 Good Design Award
2011 DFA(Design For Asia) Award 'Bronze' prize
2011 IDEA Design Award - Final List
2011 CES Innovation Awards
2011 TCO Design Award
Specifications
13-inch models
11-inch and 15-inch models
Timeline of ATIV Book 9
Notes
References
External links
Samsung computers | laptop Build Quality | 0.37 | 14,236 |
Netbook
The marketing term netbook identified small and inexpensive laptops that were sold from 2007 to around 2013; these were generally low-performance. While the name has fallen out of use, machines matching their description remain an important part of the market for laptops running Microsoft Windows. Similarly, most lower-end Chromebooks run on hardware which would have been described as "Netbooks" when the term was current, and inexpensive tablets (running either Windows or Android) when used with an external keyboard are functionally equivalent to netbooks.
At their inception in late 2007 as smaller-than-typical notebooks optimized for low weight and low cost—netbooks began appearing with the omission of certain features (such as an optical drive), featuring smaller screens and keyboards, and a reduction of computing power when compared to a full-sized laptop. Over the course of their evolution, netbooks have ranged in size from below 5" screen diagonal to 12". A typical weight is (). Often significantly less expensive than other laptops, by mid-2009, netbooks began to be offered by some wireless data carriers to their users "free of charge", with an extended service-contract purchase.
Soon after their appearance, netbooks grew in size and features, and converged with smaller laptops and subnotebooks. By August 2009, when comparing two Dell models, one marketed as a netbook and the other as a conventional laptop, CNET called netbooks "nothing more than smaller, cheaper notebooks", noting: "the specs are so similar that the average shopper would likely be confused as to why one is better than the other", and "the only conclusion is that there really is no distinction between the devices". In an attempt to prevent cannibalizing the more lucrative laptops in their lineup, manufacturers imposed several constraints on netbooks; however this would soon push netbooks into a niche where they had few distinctive advantages over traditional laptops or tablet computers (see below).
By 2011 the increasing popularity of tablet computers (particularly the iPad)—a different form factor, but with improved computing capabilities and lower production cost—had led to a decline in netbook sales. At the high end of the performance spectrum, ultrabooks, ultra-light portables with a traditional keyboard and display have been revolutionized by the 11.6-inch MacBook Air, which made fewer performance sacrifices albeit at a considerably higher production cost.
Capitalizing on the success of the MacBook Air, and in response to it, Intel promoted Ultrabook as a new high-mobility standard, which some analysts have hailed as succeeding where netbooks failed. As a result of these two developments, netbooks of 2011 had kept price as their only strong point, losing in the design, ease-of-use and portability department to tablets (and tablets with removable keyboards) and to Ultrabook laptops in the features and performance field.
By the end of 2012 few machines were marketed as "netbooks". Many netbook products were replaced on the market by Chromebooks, a hardware- and software-specification in the form of a netbook and a variation on the network-computer concept. HP re-entered the non-Chromebook netbook market with the Stream 11 in 2014, although the term "netbook" is seldom in use anymore. Some specialised computers have also been released more recently with form factors comparable to netbooks, such as the GPD Win and its successor, the GPD Win 2.
History
While Psion had unrelated netBook line of machines, the use of the broad marketing term "netbook", began in 2007 when Asus unveiled the Asus Eee PC. Originally designed for emerging markets, the device weighed about and featured a display, a keyboard approximately 85% the size of a normal keyboard, a solid-state drive and a custom version of Linux with a simplified user interface geared towards consumer use. Following the Eee PC, Everex launched its Linux-based CloudBook; Windows XP and Windows Vista models were also introduced and MSI released the Wind—others soon followed suit.
The OLPC project followed the same market goals laid down by the eMate 300 eight years earlier. Known for its innovation in producing a durable, cost- and power-efficient netbook for developing countries, it is regarded as one of the major factors that led more top computer hardware manufacturers to begin creating low-cost netbooks for the consumer market.
When the first Asus Eee PC sold over 300,000 units in four months, companies such as Dell and Acer took note and began producing their own inexpensive netbooks. And while the OLPC XO-1 targets a different audience than do the other manufacturers' netbooks, it appears that OLPC is now facing competition. Developing countries now have a large choice of vendors, from which they can choose which low-cost netbook they prefer.
By late 2008, netbooks began to take market share away from notebooks. It was more successful than earlier "mini notebooks," most likely because of lower cost and greater compatibility with mainstream laptops.
Having peaked at about 20% of the portable computer market, netbooks started to slightly lose market share (within the category) in early 2010, coinciding with the appearance and success of the iPad. Technology commentator Ross Rubin argued two and a half years later in Engadget that "Netbooks never got any respect. While Steve Jobs rebuked the netbook at the iPad's introduction, the iPad owes a bit of debt to the little laptops. The netbook demonstrated the potential of an inexpensive, portable second computing device, with a screen size of about 10 inches, intended primarily for media consumption and light productivity." Although some manufacturers directly blamed competition from the iPad, some analysts pointed out that larger, fully fledged laptops had entered the price range of netbooks at about the same time.
The 11.6-inch MacBook Air, introduced in late 2010, compared favorably to many netbooks in terms of processing power but also ergonomics, at 2.3 pounds being lighter than some 10-inch netbooks, owing in part to the integration of the flash storage chips on the main logic board. It was described as a superlative netbook (or at least as what a netbook should be) by several technology commentators, even though Apple has never referred to it as such, sometimes describing it—in the words of Steve Jobs—as "the third kind of notebook." The entry level model had a MSRP of $999, costing significantly more than the average netbook, as much as three or four times more.
In 2011 tablet sales overtook netbooks for the first time, and in 2012 netbook sales fell by 25 percent, year-on-year. The sustained decline since 2010 had been most pronounced in the United States and in Western Europe, while Latin America was still showing some modest growth. In December 2011, Dell announced that it was exiting the netbook market. In May 2012, Toshiba announced it was doing the same, at least in the United States. An August 2012 article by John C. Dvorak in PC Magazine claimed that the term "netbook" is "nearly gone from the lexicon already", having been superseded in the market place largely by the more powerful (and MacBook Air inspired) Ultrabook—described as "a netbook on steroids"—and to a lesser extent by tablets. In September 2012 Asus, Acer and MSI announced that they will stop manufacturing 10-inch netbooks. Simultaneously Asus announced they would stop developing all Eee PC products, instead focusing on their mixed tablet-netbook Transformer line.
With the introduction of Chromebooks, major manufacturers produced the new laptops for the same segment of the market that netbooks serviced. Chromebooks, a variation on the network computer concept, in the form of a netbook, require internet connections for full functionality. Chromebooks became top selling laptops in 2014. The threat of Google Chrome OS based Chromebooks prompted Microsoft to revive and revamp netbooks with Windows 8.1 with Bing. HP re-entered the non-Chromebook netbook market with the Stream 11 in 2014..
Educational Use
In Australia, the New South Wales Department of Education and Training, in partnership with Lenovo, provided Year 9 (high school) students in government high schools with Lenovo S10e netbooks in 2009, Lenovo Mini 10 netbooks in 2010, Lenovo Edge 11 netbooks in 2011 and a modified Lenovo X130e netbook in 2012, each preloaded with software including Microsoft Office and Adobe Systems' Creative Suite 4. These were provided under Prime Minister Kevin Rudd's Digital Education Revolution, or DER. The netbooks ran Windows 7 Enterprise. These netbooks were secured with Computrace Lojack for laptops that the police can use to track the device if it is lost or stolen. The NSW DET retains ownership of these netbooks until the student graduates from Year 12, when the student can keep it. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago—Prime Minister Kamla Persad Bisseser—is also providing HP laptops to form 1 Students (11-year-olds) with the same police trackable software as above.
Greece provided all 13-year-old students (middle school, or gymnasium, freshmen) and their teachers with netbooks in 2009 through the "Digital Classroom Initiative". Students were given one unique coupon each, with which they redeemed the netbook of their choice, up to a €450 price ceiling, in participating shops throughout the country. These netbooks came bundled with localised versions of either Windows XP (or higher) or open source (e.g. Linux) operating systems, wired and wireless networking functionality, antivirus protection, preactivated parental controls, and an educational software package.
Trademarks
In 1996 Psion started applying for trademarks for a line of netBook products that was later released in 1999. International trademarks were issued (including and ) but the models failed to gain popularity and are now discontinued (except for providing accessories, maintenance and support to existing users). Similar marks were recently rejected by the USPTO citing a "likelihood of confusion" under section 2(d).
Despite expert analysis that the mark is "probably generic", Psion Teklogix issued cease and desist letters on 23 December 2008. This was heavily criticised, prompting the formation of the "Save the Netbooks" grassroots campaign which worked to reverse the Google AdWords ban, cancel the trademark and encourage continued generic use of the term. While preparing a "Petition for Cancellation" of they revealed that Dell had submitted one day before on the basis of abandonment, genericness and fraud. They later revealed Psion's counter-suit against Intel, filed on 27 February 2009.
It was also revealed around the same time that Intel had also sued Psion Teklogix (US & Canada) and Psion (UK) in the Federal Court on similar grounds. In addition to seeking cancellation of the trademark, Intel sought an order enjoining Psion from asserting any trademark rights in the term "netbook", a declarative judgment regarding their use of the term, attorneys' fees, costs and disbursements and "such other and further relief as the Court deems just and proper".
On June 2, 2009, Psion announced that the suit had been settled out of court. Psion's statement said that the company was withdrawing all of its trademark registrations for the term "Netbook" and that Psion agreed to "waive all its rights against third parties in respect of past, current or future use" of the term.
Hardware
Netbooks typically have less powerful hardware than larger laptop computers and do not include an optical disc drive that contemporaneous laptops often had. Netbooks were some of the first machines to substitute a solid-state storage devices instead of a hard drive, as these were smaller, required less power, and were more shock-resistant. Unlike modern solid state drives, these early models often did not offer better performance.
Almost all netbooks supported Wi-Fi and some supported Mobile broadband. Some also include ethernet and/or modems.
Most netbooks used x86 processors. Most early networks used processors from the Intel Atom line, but some used competing processors from AMD, including Fusion netbook processors, or VIA Technologies, including the C7 and Nano. Some very low cost netbooks use a system-on-a-chip Vortex86 processor meant for embedded systems. A few netbook used non-x86 processors based on ARM or MIPS architectures.
Operating systems
Windows
Microsoft announced on April 8, 2008 that, despite the impending end of retail availability for the operating system that June, it would continue to license low-cost copies of Windows XP Home Edition to OEMs through October 2010 (one year after the release of Windows 7) for what it defined as "ultra low-cost personal computers"—a definition carrying restrictions on screen size and processing power. The move served primarily to counter the use of low-cost Linux distributions on netbooks and create a new market segment for Windows devices, whilst ensuring that the devices did not cannibalize the sales of higher-end PCs running Windows Vista. In 2009, over 90% (96% claimed by Microsoft as of February 2009) of netbooks in the United States were estimated to ship with Windows XP.
For Windows 7, Microsoft introduced a new stripped-down edition intended for netbooks known as "Starter", exclusively for OEMs. In comparison to Home Premium, Starter has reduced multimedia functionality, does not allow users to change their desktop wallpaper or theme, disables the "Aero Glass" theme, and does not have support for multiple monitors.
For Windows 8, in a ploy to counter Chrome OS-based netbooks and low-end Android tablets, Microsoft began to offer no-cost Windows licenses to OEMs for devices with screens smaller than 9 inches in size. Additionally, Microsoft began to offer low-cost licenses for a variant of the operating system set up to use Microsoft's Bing search engine by default.
Windows CE has also been used in netbooks, due to its reduced feature set.
Android
Google's Android software platform, designed for mobile telephone handsets, has been demonstrated on an ASUS Eee PC and its version of the Linux operating system contains policies for mobile internet devices including the original Asus Eee PC 701. ASUS has allocated engineers to develop an Android-based netbook. In May 2009 a contractor of Dell announced it is porting Adobe Flash Lite to Android for Dell netbooks. Acer announced Android netbooks to be available in Q3/2009. In July 2009, a new project, Android-x86, was created to provide an open source solution for Android on the x86 platform, especially for netbooks.
Chrome OS
In 2011, Google introduced Chrome OS, a Linux-based operating system designed particularly for netbook-like devices marketed as "Chromebooks". The platform is designed to leverage online services, cloud computing, and its namesake Chrome web browser as its shell—so much so that the operating system initially used a full screen web browser window as its interface, and contained limited offline functionality. Later versions of Chrome OS introduced a traditional desktop interface and a platform allowing "native" packaged software written in HTML, JavaScript, and CSS to be developed for the platform.
Other
Netbooks have sparked the development of several Linux variants or completely new distributions, which are optimized for small screen use and the limited processing power of the Atom or ARM processors which typically power netbooks. Examples include Ubuntu Netbook Edition, EasyPeasy, Joli OS and MeeGo. Both Joli OS and MeeGo purport to be "social oriented" or social networking operating systems rather than traditional "office work production" operating systems. Netbook users can also install other UNIX-based operating systems such as FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and Darwin.
Since 2010, major netbook manufacturers no longer install or support Linux in the United States. The reason for this change of stance is unclear, although it coincides with the availability of a 'netbook' version of Windows XP, and a later Windows 7 Starter and a strong marketing push for the adoption of this OS in the netbook market. However, companies targeting niche markets, such as System76 and ZaReason, continue to pre-install Linux on the devices they sell.
The Cloud operating system attempts to capitalize on the minimalist aspect of netbooks. The user interface is limited to a browser application only.
Mac OS X has been demonstrated running on various netbooks as a result of the OSx86 project, although this is in violation of the operating system's end-user license agreement. Apple has complained to sites hosting information on how to install OS X onto non-Apple hardware (including Wired and YouTube) who have reacted and removed content in response. One article nicknamed a netbook running OS X a "Hackintosh." The Macbook Air can be considered an expensive netbook.
Use
A June 2009 NPD study found that 60% of netbook buyers never take their netbooks out of the house.
Special "children's" editions of netbooks have been released under Disney branding; their low cost (less at risk), lack of DVD player (less to break) and smaller keyboards (closer to children's hand sizes) are viewed as significant advantages for that target market. The principal objection to netbooks in this context is the lack of good video performance for streaming online video in current netbooks and a lack of speed with even simple games. Adults browsing for text content are less dependent on video content than small children who cannot read.
Netbooks are a growing trend in education for several reasons. The need to prepare children for 21st-century lifestyles, combined with hundreds of new educational tools that can be found online, and a growing emphasis on student centered learning are three of the biggest contributing factors to the rising use of netbook technology in schools. Dell was one of the first to mass-produce a ruggedised netbook for the education sector, by having a rubber outlay, touchscreen and network activity light to show the teacher the netbook is online.
Netbooks offer several distinct advantages in educational settings. First, their compact size and weight make for an easy fit in student work areas. Similarly, the small size make netbooks easier to transport than heavier, larger sized traditional laptops. In addition, prices ranging from $200–$600 mean the affordability of netbooks can be a relief to school budget makers. Despite the small size and price, netbooks are fully capable of accomplishing most school-related tasks, including word processing, presentations, access to the Internet, multimedia playback, and photo management.
See also
References
External links
"The rise of the Netbook" article at CNET
"The State of the Netbook" article at Ars Technica
"The Netbook Effect: How Cheap Little Laptops Hit the Big Time" article at Wired
"Light and Cheap, Netbooks Are Poised to Reshape PC Industry" article at New York Times
"5 Tips to Boost the Laptop Speed"
Appropriate technology
Cloud clients
Information appliances
Japanese inventions | laptop Build Quality | 0.369 | 14,237 |
Toshiba T1000LE
The Toshiba T1000LE was a Toshiba laptop made in 1990 as a member of their LE/SE/XE family. It used a 9.54/4.77 MHz Intel 80C86, with the clock speed being switchable by using function keys on the keyboard. The laptop came with a 20 MB hard drive, 1 MB of RAM, a 1.44M/720K switchable 3.5" floppy drive, and a blue-on-white, back-lit, "Toshiba Graphics" 640x400 STN LCD. The laptop came with a choice of either MS-DOS 3.3 or 4.01 stored in a socketed ROM. The laptop's RAM was expandable to 2 MB, 3 MB, 5 MB, or 9 MB with 1 MB, 2 MB, 4 MB, and 8 MB proprietary memory cards, respectively.
The Toshiba T1000LE was discontinued prior to 1994.
Specifications
Features
The Toshiba T1000LE was one of the first laptops to include both a hard drive and a Ni-CD battery. Previous laptops did not have enough power to run a hard drive from battery power (exceptions include the Toshiba T1200, which had a proprietary 26-pin JVC hard drive, and the Macintosh Portable, which used a lead-acid battery, instead of a Ni-CD).
The laptop has a notable lack of expansion ports, consisting of a RS-232 port, a printer port, and the docking connector. The computer used the docking connector to connect to a Toshiba DeskStation II, giving it extra capabilities.
Unlike the original Toshiba T1000, this model does not have a handle that flips out of the bottom, nor a display that tilts 180 degrees.
Reliability Problems
As these laptops age further, with the oldest models being over 30 years old now, reliability becomes more of an issue. These laptops have a few known issues, none of which have a known fix as of yet. Most of these problems plague many other Toshiba portables from the era.
The most common of these issues is where the system will boot for about 1 second and then turn off again, with a power supply error indicated by the LEDs. It is suspected this is damage caused by leaking electrolytic capacitors in the system. All of these models will have leaking capacitors on the motherboard, so it is important to replace them and clean the area near their original placement as soon as possible.
The original Conner 20 MB 2.5" HDD is also known to have a failure common with other small hard drives of the era, where the rubber gasket sealing the drive can rot away, exposing the platters to air and gumming them up with a difficult to remove gooey substance. The drives are practically unrepairable once this happens, and the data can only be recovered by a data recovery specialist.
There is some debate as to whether or not these models need a good Ni-CD battery to boot.
See also
ELKS
Intel 8086
MS-DOS
Toshiba T1000
References
IBM PC compatibles
T1000LE | laptop Build Quality | 0.369 | 14,238 |
Skytone Alpha-400
The Skytone Alpha-400 is a Linux-based low-cost netbook with a 7 in 800×480 LCD screen, introduced in 2008. Its measurements (length×width×depth) are 210×140×32 mm and it weighs 0.65 kg.
It is made in China by Skytone and Exon International Technology Co Ltd, with the former providing the Linux software and the latter producing the hardware. It uses a Chinese Ingenic Jz4730 336 MHz MIPSII-compatible one core 32-bit system-on-a-chip (SoC) with 128 MiB of SDRAM, and a 1–2 GB solid state drive.
The Skytone Alpha-400 was designed with low cost and child-friendliness in mind, with some versions being sold for as little as $130 retail. There is an option to swap the standard theme with a children's theme. It also comes with applications geared toward children, and a Flash player to play animated children's songs. The Flash player is not built into the browser, so Flash-dependent sites such as YouTube will not work, but a standalone Flash player is available to run .swf files and can be used to play Flash based games and such.
Alternative names
The Skytone Alpha is often marketed, sometimes in slightly altered form, under many different brand names.
A non-exhaustive list of variants:
3k Razorbook 400 (also with Windows CE and more flash memory)
Bestlink/Belco Alpha 400
Belco 450R
CherryPal Africa
CnMBook
CnM Lifestyle CnMbook
Datacask Jupiter 0708l
Elonex ONEt (ONEt+ with 2 GB NAND flash)
Exon PC701-LX
HiVision MiniNote/NB0700
Impulse NPX-9000
Impulse TNX-9500
iPC400 — available in Greece
IDA 400 — available in India
JAY-tech Jee-PC 400S
Letux 400 (uses Debian)
Maplin miniBook
Novatech Minibook
PC701-LX
Sakar MiniBook / PC-01017
Semprotech T70AM04
Semprotech T70DJ10
Silverstar E-PC
Skytone Alpha 400
SurfOne INOS1
Trendtac 700 EPC
Yinlips Micro PC
Features
The Skytone Alpha-400 uses a customized version of Linux, based on a 2.4.x kernel, with a user-friendly interface optimized for children.
The Linux desktop is implemented as Kiosk software, meaning that nothing the user can do can modify the available applications, and no new applications can be (easily) added or removed.
Browsing can be done through the use of the built in browser called Bon Echo, an Alpha release of Mozilla Firefox 2, using the built-in 10/100 BASE-T Ethernet port, or the integrated 802.11 Wireless LAN, but the browser does not support Flash, meaning that Flash intensive tools, such as YouTube, cannot be used. However, recently Exon, the original design manufacturer of most of these devices, announced full support for YouTube and most Flash enabled websites.
The device sports three USB ports, a small but fully functioning keyboard, a touchpad, stereo speakers, and a 2 cell 2.1 Ah battery.
The Skytone Alpha's processor uses as little as 0.2 W of power, and does not have a heat sink, and thus no ventilation openings. Some versions have extra features like a VGA video port, or a USB On-The-Go port.
Available distributions
The default OS, based on CELinux with the matchbox window manager and an Asus Eee PC inspired interface.
Xenium This project seems to have been abandoned.
3MX based on the default OS, Xenium and Debian. Comes with the jwm window manager. Release 3.1 now available provides good functionality including wi-fi stumbler, aircrack-ng, a web server, and a good range of browser alternatives.
Debian etch
So far, all distributions for this device use the 2.4.20-celf3 kernel. The kernel itself is not on the root file system itself, and gets loaded by u-boot.
Other similar devices by Exon/Skytone
The successor of the device, the Alpha 400P, comes with a 416 MHz XScale, fifth generation ARM architecture, SoC (likely a Marvell PXA27x), USB 2.0 and up to 256 MiB of DDR2 memory. Another similar device comes with the 248 MHz ARM SoC AK7802Q216, 64/128 MiB of DDR RAM and Windows CE 5.0.
Skytone announced another device called Alpha 680 running Android that features a 533 MHz Jade Tech Z228 ARM CPU. The Alpha-680 has a rotatable touchscreen that can be turned and flipped over, so that the unit becomes a tablet computer.
Another similar machine produced by Exon, but not sold by Skytone, comes with an x86 legacy compatible 800 MHz DM&P PDX-600 SoC CPU and is thus able to run Windows XP.
It uses a XGI Volari Z9s GPU without 3D acceleration. As it is usually sold with Windows XP pre-installed, its default configuration has 512 MiB DDR2 SDRAM and 4/8 GB flash. It is also available with a built-in 0.3 Mpixel camera. This version was first presented at CES 2009.
Known issues
The 3G support is limited to few USB 3G modems as a result of the old kernel. The same is true for the Wi-Fi module. The Ath5k driver used in the device for the ZD1211B module had been replaced since 2.6.18 for providing an unstable connection. As it is running 2.4.20, the old driver is still in use.
While it is possible to install gnash in order to obtain Flash support, it has been reported that the processor is too slow, so that it can take near enough to ten minutes or more for something to load.
The default distribution does not provide root access per default, but it is possible to install a root terminal through the software manager.
See also
Dingoo, a Chinese handheld game system based on the same Ingenic Xburst processor
References
Linux-based devices
Netbooks | laptop Build Quality | 0.369 | 14,239 |
MBC-550
The Sanyo MBC-550 is a small and inexpensive personal computer in "pizza-box" style, featuring an Intel 8088 microprocessor and running a version of MS-DOS. Sold by Sanyo, it was the least expensive early IBM PC compatible.
The MBC-550 has much better video display possibilities than the CGA card (8 colors at 640x200 resolution, vs CGA's 4 colors at 320x200 or 2 colors at 640x200), but it is not completely compatible with the IBM-PC. The computer lacks a standard BIOS, having only a minimal bootloader in ROM that accesses hardware directly to load a RAM-based BIOS. The diskette format (FM rather than MFM) used is not completely compatible with the IBM PC, but special software on an original PC or PC/XT (but not PC/AT) can read and write the diskettes, and software expecting a standard 18.2 Hz clock interrupt has to be rewritten.
The MBC-550 was also the computer for NRI training. Starting by building the computer, the NRI promised you would be "qualified to service and repair virtually every major brand of computer". NRI advertised in Popular Mechanics and Popular Science throughout 1985.
The MBC-550 is less PC compatible than the IBM PCjr. Its inability to use much PC software was a significant disadvantage; InfoWorld reported in August 1985 that Sanyo "has initiated a campaign to sell off" of MBC-550 inventory. The company's newer computers were, an executive claimed, 99% PC compatible.
Soft Sector Magazine
SOFT SECTOR was a magazine for people who owned Sanyo MBC-550 and 555 DOS computers. (But much of the content equally applied to most IBM clones at the time.) A typical issue includes news, reviews, how-to's, technical advice and education, tips and tricks, as well as BASIC language programs that you could copy from the printed page, and adapt to suit your needs.
Models
MBC-550 : 1 x 5.25" disk drive (160 KB)
MBC-555 : 2 x 5.25" disk drive (160 KB)
MBC-555-2 : 2 x 5.25" disk drive (360 KB)
MBC-555-3 : 2 x 5.25" disk drive (720 KB)
References
Sanyo products
IBM PC compatibles | laptop Build Quality | 0.369 | 14,240 |
IBM ThinkPad 350
The IBM Thinkpad 350 series was a notebook computer series introduced in 1993 by IBM as part of their Thinkpad laptop series. It was the successor to the IBM ThinkPad 300. With only 2 models ever made in the series, it was succeeded in 1994 by the IBM Thinkpad 360 series.
History
The 350 was announced in June 1993. The 125MB disk version started shipping in June 1993, the 250MB version started shipping in July.
Features
The 350 series shipped with IBM PC-DOS 5.02 as the included operating system.
Both models in the series came with an Intel 486SL running at 25 MHz, and a CT-65530 video controller with 1 MB of video memory. Both models also had a standard 4 MB of RAM that was on a proprietary IC DRAM Card. If a user wanted to upgrade the ram, the 350 ThinkPads supported an IC DRAM Card size up to 20 MB.
Both in the series came with a 125 or 250 MB standard hard drive, and a non-removable 1.44 MB floppy drive. Both models also had a battery life up to 9 hours.
In March 1994, IBM cut the prices by 12%.
The 350 is identical to the PS/Note 425 and the 350C is identical to the PS/Note 400SL/25.
Models
IBM ThinkPad 350 — The first model in the series, it introduced a Intel 486SL running at 25 MHz, a monochrome 9.5" STN display with 640x480 resolution, 4 MB of ram on an IC DRAM Card, a non-removable 3.5" 1.44 MB floppy drive and a 250 MB hard disk drive. The 350 weighed 5.2lb in total, and started at $2,099. Other features included: Trackpoint II, Type II PCMIA slot.
IBM ThinkPad 350C — Basically the same as the first, and also the second and last in the series, it only had 1 notable change to a 9.2" STL LCD 640x480 256 color display. It also added the additional option of a 125 MB hard drive alongside the 250 MB option. It weighed 5.7lbs, a .5lb gain from the base 350 model. The 350C started at a price of $1,999 with the highest being $2,399.
Comparison
Reception
A review by the Los Angeles Times considered the ThinkPad 350 not an impressive machine due the fact it was bundling IBM DOS instead of MS-DOS or Microsoft Windows. A review of the 350C by InfoWorld noted the good screen and the relatively short battery life.
References
ThinkPad 350
350 | laptop Build Quality | 0.368 | 14,241 |
Sharp PC-5000
The Sharp PC-5000 was a pioneering laptop computer, announced by Sharp Corporation of Japan in 1983. It employed a clamshell design in which the display closes over the keyboard, like the earlier GRiD Compass and contemporary Gavilan SC.
The PC-5000 was largely IBM PC-compatible, with the same 4.77-MHz Intel 8088 processor as the IBM PC, and ran MS-DOS 2.0 (in ROM). It had 128 kilobytes of internal memory (it was one of the few computers to use bubble memory), which could be expanded by the use of plug-in cartridges. The cartridge slots also accepted ROM cartridges containing software, such as the Extended BASIC programming language and the EasyPac software suite, which contained the EasyWrite II word processor, EasyReport reports program, and EasyComm terminal software for use with the internal modem. It featured a 640×80-pixel (80-character by 8-line) LCD display, a full-travel keyboard, and an external dual 5.25-inch floppy disk drive. A notable feature of the computer was its built-in thermal printer, which could also be purchased separately and attached to the machine. It is perhaps due to this attachment that the case design of the PC-5000 owes much to that of electronic typewriters of its time.
While far more portable than the popular Compaq Portable or Osborne 1 computers, the machine weighed 5 kg (11 lb).
Sharp succeeded the PC-5000 with the fully IBM-compatible PC-7000 in late 1985.
Reception
Your Computer magazine selected the PC-5000 as one of the best personal computers of 1983. Creative Computing chose the PC-5000 as the best notebook portable between $1000 and $2500 for 1984, although criticizing the difficulty of finding the computer in stores and questionable support from Sharp and third-party vendors.
References
External links
Article about the PC-5000
Review of the PC-5000 from 1984
Vintage-computer page about the PC-5000
Old-computers page about the PC-5000
PC-5000
History of computing hardware
Computer-related introductions in 1983
Japanese inventions | laptop Build Quality | 0.368 | 14,242 |
One A110
The A110 is a netbook computer by One. It is built on a reference design by Quanta Computer and was announced to run Linpus Linux. However, some or all of the first batch have actually been delivered with a modified Ubuntu Linux installed, using SquashFS to fit the system in the 2GB Flash memory.
Hardware specifications
VIA C7-M-ULV Processor (1.0 GHz, 400-MHz FSB, max. 3.5 Watt)
7-inch display 800×480 (with external VGA port)
512 MB DDR2 PC400 RAM
64 MB VX800 S3 integrated graphics card
2 GB Flash Memory
2× USB 2.0 ports
1× Microphone-in jack
1× Speaker jack
56 kbit/s Modem
10/100 Mbit/s LAN
WLAN
3-in-1 Cardreader, SD/MMC/MS
Height: 2.8 cm
Width: 24.3 cm
Depth: 17.1 cm
Weight: 950 g
A second model called A120 is available with 4 GB of flash memory (compared to the 2 GB of the A110), a webcam and Windows XP.
References
External links
One Official Site
Official site
Subnotebooks
Linux-based devices
Netbooks | laptop Build Quality | 0.368 | 14,243 |
Compaq Presario 1200
The Compaq Presario 1200 was a line of notebook computers produced between 1998 and 2000 by Compaq as part of Compaq Presario line. They were originally noted for their AMD processors, light weight and 12-inch LCD screens, while later models included a shift to Intel processors and other changed features. The label of "Compaq Presario 1200" includes a vast set of model numbers and revisions, many of which are not totally compatible, even though the machines share the same general Presario model number.
Specification
The range came with Toshiba HDDs and optical media drives, available as 24X CD-ROMs or 4X DVD-ROMs. Hard drives ranged from 3 to 10 GB and ran at a slow 3300 RPM across the range. This could have been due to noise limitations, as the series is noted for its low noise output. Screens were available as 12.1 / 13.0 inch LCDs yet screen housing varied from model to model. The 1245 and 1246 had very different screen housing to the 1200 and the 1200XL which came with the 13 inch screen. The 1200 also had a silver housing whereas all other models came in black. Screens for this series are notable for their banding and white edges which appear more evident as the machine ages, the backlight at the sides clearly visible. Memory expansion was available on the bottom of the units, allowing up to 128MB of additional SODIMM memory to be added. All models came equipped with a Floppy Disk Drive, VGA output and PC Card slot as standard. They also came with on-board JBL stereo speakers and Synaptics touchpads. These systems were preinstalled with Windows 98, Windows Me or Windows 2000 Professional. They were supplied with a Quick Restore disc which returned the system to its factory condition in the event of change of ownership, wish to reinstall the OS or system failure.
These later models are often noted for having a silver display lid instead of the original black lid.
Processors
Many original models of the Presario 1200 series ran on AMD K6-2 processors, which was quite an adventurous move at a time when AMD was very much second place to the dominant market leader Intel. The chips were notable for their inclusion of 3D-NOW technology, enabling marked performance increases from the original K6. The chips came in a variety of speeds, ranging from 333 MHz to 550 MHz, however performance varied only slightly between models.
A number of Presario 1200 series notebooks exist with Celeron, Pentium II or Pentium III processors as well, primarily found in the later designs.
Models
1200-(????)
Priced at £1200, the 1200 contained a Type 2 Cardbus slot, PS2 serial port, 1 x USB port, and 3 x Game MRI Slots.
processor: 500 MHz AMD K6-2
RAM: 64 MB
Storage: 1 GB Toshiba HDD
CD drive, 3.5" Floppy Disk Drive
Screen: 12.1" LCD
Lithium Ion battery
Onboard speakers
1200-XL125
Originally priced at $1,699, the 1200-XL125 (designated with model number "12XL125") had:
processor: 533 MHz AMD K6-2+ (some had the K6-III CPU)
RAM: 64 MB on-board (expandable to 192 MB)
Storage: 6 GB Toshiba HDD
6x Toshiba DVD-ROM drive
Screen: 13.3" LCD
Video: Trident CyberBlade i7
1 x Type II/III PCMCIA card slot
56K Modem
JBL stereo speakers
1200-XL300
The 1200-XL300 (designated with model number "12XL325") is one of the newer models in the 1200 series. The features in the 1246 are generally mirrored in the 1200-XL325, with the most notable differences being the change to an Intel processor architecture. Physical differences include a silver lid, different display hinge configuration, and a slightly rearranged motherboard layout. These changes render this generation of Presario 1200 distinctly incompatible at the component level with most of its predecessors. The major differences in the hardware of the 1200-XL325 were:
processor: 650 MHz Intel Pentium III mobile
RAM: 64 MB on-board (expandable to 320 MB)
Storage: 6 GB HDD
DVD-ROM drive
1 x Type II/III PCMCIA card slot
No CompactFlash slot as in the 1245
1200-XL405A
The 1200-XL405A (designated with model number "12XL405A") is another model using an Intel processor. It is similar in layout to the XL325 above. The motherboard is equipped with a Socket-370 ZIF CPU socket and uses a VIA PLE133 chipset (comprising the VT8601 North Bridge and VT82C686A South Bridge) with graphics provided via the Trident Cyberblade-i1 controller (8mb VRAM) integrated into the VT8601 circuitry.
processor: 700 MHz Intel Celeron (Coppermine, 128 kB L2 cache)
RAM: 64 MB on-board; 1 x SDRAM SO-DIMM PC100 slot
Storage: 6 GB HDD
24x CD-ROM drive
1 x Type II/III PCMCIA card slot
No CompactFlash slot as in the 1245
There is a Model named "12XL420" Which has a mix of parts from the 502 and 405 as well as the XL302 listed below, This model Has a 700mhz Coppermine Celeron in a Socket 370, an Askey Modem, CDxDVD-ROM (Labeled as 'DVD' on the lid, System Information lists it as a CD-ROM), Silver lid (Like the 502A) And has a floppy drive, As well as a Trident Cyberblade i1 GPU such as the XL405A.
1200-XL502A
Although similar in hardware to the XL405A, the XL502A (model number "12XL502A") is an upgraded model, based on its brother. Most notorious is the inclusion of a MiniPCI slot on the bottom, the presence of a slightly faster processor, and the color of the case (silver lid was maintained, the rest of the case is all-black). Firsts units of this model originally came with a Ni-MH battery pack, while later ones came with a more dependable Li-Ion one. Both types were available for purchase, and obviously they fitted in all of the 1200-series. One interesting thing about this specific model is its support for Pentium III processors up to 1Ghz, but only for Coppermine cores and at the expense of massive heat & battery power draw increase.
processor: 766 MHz Intel Celeron (Coppermine, 128 kB L2 cache)
RAM: 64 MB on-board; 1 x SDRAM SO-DIMM PC133 slot (max.memory up to 320MB)
Storage: 6 GB HDD
24x CD-ROM drive
MiniPCI slot (allowing for example a wireless card, but no antenna nor connectors were installed in the case)
1 x Type II/III PCMCIA card slot
There is a 1200-XL302 (with model number "12XL302") too. It is equipped similar to the XL502A - with the difference of an Celeron processor with 600 MHz and an AsKey modem in the MiniPCi slot.
1215
1220
The Compaq Presario 1220 was manufactured in 1998 and was part of a limited amount of Compaq computers that utilized a Cyrix processor.
processor: 200 MHz Cyrix 200GXm
RAM: 32 MB;
Storage: 4.1 GB HDD
20× CD-ROM drive, 3.5" floppy disk drive
Phone (RJ-11) jack
VGA video output
Stereo speakers
SCSI connector
PS/2 Keyboard & Mouse Port
Operating System: Windows 95 preinstalled
1230
The Compaq Presario 1230 was manufactured in 1998, had an MMX Intel processor and was known for its "3D sound" speakers.
processor: 266 MHz MMX Intel
RAM: 64 MB
Storage: 4 GB HDD
24× CD-ROM drive, 3.5" floppy disk drive
Phone (RJ-11) jack
VGA video output
3D sound speakers
USB 1.0 port
PS/2 Keyboard & Mouse Port
Operating System: Windows 98 preinstalled
1245
Priced at an RRP of £1000, the 1245 came equipped with:
processor: 333 MHz AMD K6-2
RAM: 32MB On-board (expandable to 160MB)
Storage: 3.0 GB Toshiba HDD
24x Toshiba CD-ROM drive, 3.5" Floppy Disk Drive
Screen: 12.1" LCD
PC Card slot
VGA video output
Serial Port
NIMH battery
JBL stereo speakers
1246
The next model up from the 1245, the 1246 offered a new processor, bigger HDD, CF card slot and fold-down feet for desktop operation. Aesthetically, the 1246 was almost identical to the 1245. Screens were the same, cases were highly similar and many components were interchangeable with those of the 1245 (such as the LCD inverters, processors and housing). In addition to the aforementioned 1245 spec, the 1246 offered:
processor: 400 MHz AMD K6-2
Storage: 4.3 GB Toshiba HDD
Dual motherboard fans
CF card slot in addition to PC card slot
Fold-down desktop mounted feet
L-Ion Battery
1260
Almost technically identical to the 1245, the 1260 borrowed its 333 MHz AMD K6-2 processor, 64MB RAM and ATI Rage II Graphics chip.
processor: 333 MHz AMD K6-2
RAM: 64 MB SO-DIMM
Storage: 4 GB Toshiba HDD
24X Toshiba CD-Rom Drive, Floppy Disk Drive
Cardbus PCMCIA Slot
Operating System: Windows 98 preinstalled
Known Problems
Compaq Presario 1200 laptops are often found with damaged power jacks. Some of these power jacks appear to have been blown in half due to some sort of short; others rip their copper traces off of the motherboard due to stress placed on the power jack. Presario 1200 laptops typically have four tiny copper rings embedded in the motherboard behind the power jack that can be used to reattach a slightly damaged power jack and repair the failing unit.
The LCD Power Inverter cable (which runs through the hinge from the base to the screen), is very susceptible to damage, given the strain of bending when closing the lid. The cable is a 6-strand ribbon variety, and therefore soldering is all but impossible.
See also
Compaq Presario
AMD K6-2
References
External links
HP Compaq Corporate Website
Presario 1200 | laptop Build Quality | 0.367 | 14,244 |
Acer Aspire
Acer Aspire (stylised as Λspire or ΛSPIRE) is a series of personal computers by Acer Inc. aimed at casual household users. The Aspire series covers both desktop computers and laptops. Acer developed the series to range from essentials to high performance. The Aspire mainly competes against computers such as Asus' Transformer Book Flip, VivoBook and Zenbook, Dell's Inspiron and XPS, HP's Pavilion, Spectre, Stream and Envy, Lenovo's IdeaPad, Samsung's Sens and Toshiba's Satellite.
The Aspire series was first brought to the market in 1999 when the Aspire 1151 was introduced and featured a 200 MHz Intel Pentium. The Aspire series then replaced the AcerPower series in 2002 and became one of Acer's main series.
Switch tablets
Acer Aspire Switch is a series of two-in-one tablet computers running Windows 8, with a tablet and detachable keyboard sold together.
List of Acer Aspire Switch Models
SW3-013
SW3-013P
SW3-016
SW3-016P
SW5-011
SW5-012
SW5-012P
SW5-014
SW5-014P
SW5-015
SW5-111
SW5-111P
SW5-171
SW5-171P
SW5-173
SW5-173P
SW5-271
SW7-272
SW7-272P
Switch 10
Acer Aspire Switch 10 was announced in April 2014. It is a 10.1-inch two-in-one, with a resolution display and Intel Atom Z3745 processor. A second-generation Acer Aspire Switch 10 was then launched in October 2014 It was given a different display resolution of , and a different Intel Atom Z3735F processor.
Switch 11
Acer Aspire Switch 11 was announced in September 2014, as a larger 11.6-inch version, that was planned for release in November. There are two models of the Acer Aspire Switch 11: The Acer Aspire Switch 11 SW5-111 with an Intel Atom Z3735 processor, 2GB RAM, and a resolution display, and the Acer Aspire Switch 11 SW5-171 with an Intel Core i3 processor, 4GB RAM, and a resolution display.
Laptop models
Acer Markets their Aspire laptops under many different sub series such as Aspire E series, Aspire F series, Aspire M series, Aspire P series, Aspire R series, Aspire S series, Aspire V Nitro series, Aspire V series and Aspire VX series.
All-in-Ones models
List of Acer Aspire All-in-Ones Models
5600U
5920G
7600U
A3-600
C20-220 Elxan
C20-720
C22-720
C22-760
C22-860
C24-760
C24-865
C24-963
U27-880
U5-610
U5-620
U5-710
Z1100
Z1110
Z1-211
Z1220
Z1-601
Z1-602
Z1-611
Z1-612
Z1620
Z1-621
Z1-621G
Z1-622
Z1-623
Z1650
Z1-751
Z1-752
Z1800
Z1801
Z1810
Z1811
Z1850
Z20-730
Z20-780
Z22-780
Z24-880
Z3100
Z3101
Z3-105
Z3-115
Z3170
Z3171
Z3280
Z3-600
Z3-601
Z3-605
Z3-610
Z3-613
Z3-615
Z3620
Z3-700
Z3-705
Z3-710
Z3-711
Z3-715
Z3730
Z3731
Z3760
Z3761
Z3770
Z3771
Z3800
Z3801
Z5101
Z5600
Z5610
Z5700
Z5710
Z5730
Z5751
Z5760
Z5761
Z5770
Z5771
Z5801
ZC-102
ZC-105
ZC-106
ZC-107
ZC-602
ZC-605
ZC-606
ZC-610
ZC-700
ZC-700G
ZS600
ZS600G
5100 series
Desktop models
Aspire is a series of personal computers by Acer Inc. aimed at the casual household user or for small business use. The Aspire series covers both desktop computers and laptops. Acer developed the series in order to cover from essentials to high performances.
The AcerPower S series was replaced by the Aspire desktop series in 2002. The AcerPower S Series consisted of two types: the AcerPower Se Series and the AcerPower Sn Series desktop. As of July 2019 Acer offers three desktop Aspire model lines.
References
External links
Aspire
Aspire
Consumer electronics brands
Ultrabooks | laptop Build Quality | 0.367 | 14,245 |
PB286LP
The PB286LP, released in 1989, was Packard Bell's first laptop computer. The laptop featured an 80C286 processor clocked at 12 MHz and 1 MB of RAM, along with a single ISA expansion slot. Packard Bell released the PB286LP in 1989 among a slew of products aimed at the corporate market. Technology writers gave it mostly positive reviews, although some noted its 16-lb weight as hefty and its monochrome LCD as somewhat flawed. Originally only capable of CGA-mode graphics, the laptop was updated in 1990 to support VGA. Packard Bell discontinued the PB286LP in 1991, in favor of more-compact, notebook-sized computers.
Development and specifications
The PB286LP was the first laptop of Packard Bell, a defunct trademark of Teledyne Technologies revived as a computer manufacturer by Beny Alagem, Alex Sandel and Jason Barzilay in 1986. The laptop was announced in November 1988 amid a barrage of computers aimed at the corporate market. The PB286LP, which features an 80C286 processor clocked at 12 MHz—downclockable to 6 MHz—was marketed to existing buyers of 80286-based personal computers. It arrived stock with 1 MB of RAM SIMMs, expandable up to 5 MB. Packard Bell included a single full-length ISA expansion slot to offer users a means of expanding and upgrading the laptop. The laptop carries a 1.44 MB floppy disk drive and was optioned with either a 20 MB or a 40 MB hard disk drive. Conner and TEAC manufactured the hard and floppy drives respectively. In addition the PB286LP had an optional 2400-bps modem.
The systems chipset of the PB286LP was manufactured by Intel, while the BIOS was provided by Award. The PB286LP's video chipset was designed in-house by Packard Bell and has an interface eight bits wide and support for both double-scan CGA and MDA. The laptop's monochrome LCD measures 9.7 inches diagonally with an aspect ratio of 1.6:1. Its removable nickel–cadmium battery battery had a claimed battery life of three hours in 1990. Packard Bell allowed users to enable a battery-conservation feature that turns off the laptop's LCD and spins down the hard disk drive after several minutes without use.
The laptop's dimensions measured 3.2 in by 12.8 in by 13.5 in (height, width and depth). Its nominal weight on announcement was originally under 15 lb, later 7 lb. However, after production, the laptop had grown to between 16 and 18 lb— in one reviewer's write-up, the laptop weighed 20 lb. The Ni-Cd battery takes up roughly 3.5 lb of the weight.
In April 1990, the laptop received an update in the form of the PB286LP-VGA, bumping the stock RAM from 1 MB to 2 MB and adding VGA support to its video chipset. Both the PB286LP and PB286LP-VGA were manufactured in Taiwan.
Reception
Reviewers of the PB286LP frequently noted its heft; Bruce Brown of PC Magazine called it "on the high side" for a clamshell laptop in its processor class but wrote that its long battery life warranted it. He found it a strong contender for a 286 laptop and called its LCD "exceptionally clear" and "terrific for text", albeit with occasional flickering in graphical modes. Brown liked the keyboard but found reservation with the lack of an unshifted asterisk key, making for "minor aggregation" for "heavy file manipulators". In several benchmarks measuring the speed of the laptop's memory chips, the speed of its hard disks and its processor's ability to perform floating point and non–floating point computations, the PB286LP gave middle-of-the-road results compared to 34 other 286-based laptops. Despite this, Brown rated the laptop "a good bet" for buyers seeking a long battery life while not needing advanced graphical capability.
John Diebold of PC World called the PB286LP "a nice little generic laptop" with "OK performance" and an "impressive battery life". He found the quality of Packard Bell's support line unreliable, on the other hand, with him and his editors at PC World unable to so much as leave a message in their computerized answering machine. In a comparison between the PB286LP and lunchbox computer by Semi-Tech Microsystems, Gene Wilburn of Computing Canada found that he preferred the latter despite its lack of a battery and slower 10 MHz processor because of STM's inclusion of a plasma display and a more standard keyboard.
In Personal Computing, reviewer Christopher O'Malley wrote that, in stark contrast with Packard Bell's other offerings, the PB286LP was "fast and fashionable", performing as well as or even better than its contemporaries in its processor class, such as Toshiba's T1600 or Compaq's SLT/286. O'Malley discovered that its battery could last up to approximately four hours in an average use case scenario and rated the machine overall an "exceptionally good buy" when considering that its street price of around US$2,500 was $1,000 less than comparable laptops. Unlike Brown, the reviewer called the PB286LP's display a letdown because of its lack of VGA comparability and "persistent ghosting ... and an occasional case of the shakes". O'Malley criticized the laptop's dearth of accessories and single ISA slot and decried the lack of upgrade path to a 40 MB hard drive for purchasers of the 20 MB version of the laptop. O'Malley also found its keyboard somewhat cramped. In conclusion, however, he wrote that, "as it is, the Packard Bell offers an impressive mix of price and performance", and while not "the state-of-the-art machine that the SLT/286 and ProSpeed 286 are", "it may be the best full-featured 286 laptop you'll find for less than $3,000".
Eva J. Blinder of Home Office Computing gave the follow-up PB286LP-VGA three stars out of four, liking the keyboard's tactility and calling the LCD "reasonably readable". She kept it from earning a perfect score for several unspecified design flaws, however.
Legacy
The laptop was succeeded by the PB286NB, a much more compact notebook computer that weighed only six pounds, in November 1990. The PB286LP line was discontinued the following year.
See also
Packard Bell Statesman
Citations
References
Computer-related introductions in 1989
IBM PC compatibles
Packard Bell laptops | laptop Build Quality | 0.367 | 14,246 |
Surface Laptop SE
The Surface Laptop SE is a laptop computer manufactured by Microsoft. Unveiled on November 9, 2021, it is an entry-level model in the Surface Laptop series positioned exclusively towards the education market. It is scheduled to be released in early-2022.
Specifications
The Surface Laptop SE has a plastic body and shares some components (such as the keyboard) with the Surface Laptop Go. Microsoft stated that it was designed to be more repairable than other Surface models, with replacement parts (such as batteries, displays, keyboards, and motherboards) to be available through its service partners for on-site repairs.
The device uses an Intel Celeron CPU, with configurations using either a Celeron N4020 with 4 GB of RAM and 64 GB of internal storage, or the N4120 with 8 GB of RAM and 128 GB of internal storage. It has two USB ports, one of which is USB-C. Unlike other Surface models, the Laptop SE uses a round, non-magnetic power connector. It includes a 10.1-inch screen at 1366×768 resolution, and a one-megapixel webcam.
It ships with Windows 11 SE, a variant of the operating system with optimizations for the education market.
Timeline
References
External links
SE
Computer-related introductions in 2021 | laptop Build Quality | 0.365 | 14,247 |
Fujitsu Lifebook
Lifebook is a line of laptop computers made by Fujitsu, which also offers a range of notebooks and tablet PCs within the same Lifebook family.
History
In partnership with Poqet Computer Corporation, Fujitsu launched the world's first hand-held, one-pound, IBM/PC-XT-compatible computer in 1989. Fujitsu launched its first single-spindle convertible Tablet PC, the Lifebook T3000 Series, in October 2003. The Lifebook T3010 was an important launching pad for Fujitsu's present-day tablet PCs.
Models
Fujitsu divides its Lifebook family into three model segments: all-round, advanced and superior.
According to the company, the all-round models are designed for users running standard office applications and are suitable for everyday all-round use from picture editing, e-mailing and surfing the internet through the use of multimedia applications. Lifebook models in the all-round sector include the A-/AH-series, the SH-series, the LH-series and the NH-series.
Advanced models are designed for high mobility and security. Most of the advanced models are designed for advanced processing and include a port replicator. Models from the T, S, E and P-series are in the advanced segment.
Superior Lifebook models are designed for the mobile professional user, as well as industries such as healthcare, services, research and education. Models in the superior category come from the T, P and S-series.
Fujitsu also offers a tablet PC under the Stylistic brand name.
See also
Bento Note
Modular design
References
Computer-related introductions in 1989
Laptops
X86-based computers | laptop Build Quality | 0.365 | 14,248 |
Compaq Contura
The Contura was a line of notebook computers produced by Compaq. Released in 1992, the Contura was Compaq's first attempt at making an affordable, entry-level laptop computer.
Contura series
The main Contura series included models 3/20, 3/25, 3/25c, 4/25, 4/25c, 4/25cx, 400, 400C, 400CX, 410, 410C, 410CX, 420C, 420CX, 430C, and 430CX. These were standard-size notebooks, not ultra-portable subnotebook computers. The "X" designation denoted an active matrix screen.
3/20
386SL running at 20 MHz
Display: VGA monochrome
RAM: 2 MB
40 MB or 84 MB hard disk
External trackball attached to the side of the laptop
3/25c
386SL running at 25 MHz
Display: VGA color
RAM: 4 MB
80 MB or 120 MB hard disk
External trackball attached to the side of the laptop
4/25
486SL running at 25 MHz
Display: VGA monochrome
RAM: 4 MB
120 MB or 200 MB hard disk
External trackball attached to the side of the laptop
4/25c
486SL running at 25 MHz
Display: VGA color
RAM: 4 MB
120 MB or 200 MB hard disk
External trackball attached to the side of the laptop
4/25cx
486SL running at 25 MHz
Display: VGA color (active matrix)
RAM: 4 MB
120 MB or 200 MB hard disk
Integrated trackball
Contura Aero series
The Compaq Contura Aero 4/25 and 4/33c were among the earliest subnotebook computers that acted as a precursor to netbooks. They were released in 1994 and originally ran MS-DOS and Windows 3.1. They were also able to run Windows 95 after its release in 1995. They were similar to the Armada line of laptop computers, but smaller. Although the 4/25's GPU can produce color, the datasheet for the device states it is incapable of producing color graphics. This does not apply to the 4/33c.
4/25
i486SX-S (SL enhanced 486SX) running at 25 MHz
Display: Passive matrix gray scale VGA (16 shades (640x480) high resolution, 64 shades (320x200) low resolution, color capable when using an external VGA monitor)
RAM: 4 MB built-in (expandable to a maximum of 8 MB or 12 MB using an optional 4 or 8MB Compaq branded module, or 20 MB using a third party 16 MB module)
256 KB video memory (512 KB exists in the system, but is not accessible by the GPU.)
84 MB, 170 MB or 250 MB 2.5" IDE hard disk drive
1 PCMCIA slot (Type II)
1 ECP/EPP 1.9 capable parallel port
1 RS-232 serial port (16550 UART)
1.5 x 10.25 x 7.5 inches (3.8 x 26 x 19 cm)
Integrated trackball
4/33c
i486SX-S (SL enhanced 486SX) running at 33 MHz
Display: Passive matrix color VGA (16 colors (640x480) high resolution, 256 colors (320x200) low resolution)
RAM: 4 MB built-in (expandable to a maximum of 8 or 12 MB using an optional 4 MB or 8 MB Compaq branded module, or 20 MB using a third party 16 MB module)
256 KB video memory (512 KB exists in the system, but is not accessible by the GPU.)
84 MB, 170 MB or 250 MB 2.5" IDE hard disk drive
1 PCMCIA slot (Type II)
1 ECP/EPP 1.9 capable parallel port
1 RS-232 serial port (16550 UART)
1.7 x 10.25 x 7.5 inches (4.3 x 26 x 19 cm)
Integrated trackball
Aero handhelds
Compaq Aero 1500 Palm-size PC
Compaq Aero 2100 Color Palm-size PC
Compaq Aero 8000 Handheld PC Pro
This line of palm-sized PCs from Compaq was first succeeded by the Compaq C-Series and then by the Aero 1550 Pocket PC. The line of handheld devices starting from the Aero 1550 Pocket PC were finally moulded into the iPAQ line of handheld devices, which was handled by Hewlett-Packard, after their acquisition of Compaq.
In popular culture
The Compaq Contura 4/25cx was used and seen in the 1995 Season 2, Episode 8 of Friends.
References
Contura
Windows CE devices
Computer-related introductions in 1992 | laptop Build Quality | 0.364 | 14,249 |
Acer Aspire desktops
Aspire desktops is a part of Aspire personal computer series by Acer Inc. aimed at the casual household user or for small business use. The Aspire series covers both desktop computers and laptops. Acer developed the series in order to cover from essentials to high performances.
The AcerPower S series was replaced by the Aspire desktop series in 2002. The AcerPower S Series consisted of two types: the AcerPower Se Series and the AcerPower Sn Series desktop.
As of July 2019 Acer offers three desktop Aspire model lines.
List of Acer Aspire Desktop Models
1100X
1110X
1600X
1601M
1601X
1602M
6100
6400
6600
C500
E360
E380
E500
E560
E571
E600
E650
E700
EL
ELD
G7700
G7710
G7750
GX-281
GX-781
GX-785
IDea500
IDea510
L100
L310
L320
L350
L3600
L5100
M1100
M1200
M1201
M1202
M1420
M1470
M1600
M1610
M1620
M1640
M1641
M1831
M1860
M1920
M1930
M1935
M3100
M3160
M3200
M3201
M3202
M3203
M3300
M3400
M3410
M3420
M3450
M3470
M3470G
M3600
M3640
M3660
M3710
M3800
M3802
M3860
M3900
M3910
M3920
M3970
M3970G
M3985
M5100
M5200
M5201
M5400
M5600
M5620
M5621
M5630
M5640
M5641
M5700
M5800
M5802
M5810
M5811
M5910
M7720
MC605
ME600
R1600
R3600
R3610
R3700
S1-600
SA10
SA20
SA60
SA80
SA85
SA90
T100
T135
T136
T160
T180
T300
T3-100
T320
T3-600
T3-605
T3-710
T3-715
T3-715A
T3-780
T600
T630
T650
T660
T670
T671
T680
T690
TC-100
TC-102
TC-105
TC-115
TC-120
TC-214
TC-215
TC-217
TC-220
TC-230
TC-280
TC-281
TC-600
TC-601
TC-602
TC-603
TC-605
TC-606
TC-651
TC-701
TC-703
TC-704
TC-705
TC-708
TC-710
TC-730
TC-752
TC-760
TC-780
TC-780A
TC-865
TC-885
TC-895
X1200
X1300
X1301
X1400
X1420
X1420G
X1430
X1430G
X1440
X1470
X1700
X1800
X1900
X1920
X1930
X1935
X3-100
X3200
X3300
X3400
X3400G
X3450
X3470
X3475
X3-600
X3-710
X3-780
X3810
X3812
X3910
X3950
X3960
X3990
X3995
X5810
XC100
XC-105
XC-115
XC-214
XC-215
XC-217
XC-230
XC600
XC-602
XC-603
XC-603G
XC-605
XC-605G
XC-703
XC-703G
XC-704
XC-704G
XC-705
XC-710
XC-730
XC-780
References
Aspire desktops | laptop Build Quality | 0.364 | 14,250 |
Samsung NC10
The Samsung NC10 is a subnotebook/netbook computer designed by Samsung. At the time of its introduction (2008), it was noted for its combination of a 10.2" screen and large 6-cell battery as standard, giving a battery life of up to 7.5 hours, a large hard disk drive and a release price of 499 USD (299 GBP).
Technical overview
Processor and memory
The Samsung NC10 uses a 1.6 GHz Intel Atom N270 processor running at FSB frequency of 533 MHz, and includes 1 GB of DDR2 800/6400 memory as standard. North bridge chipset is Intel 945GSE and south bridge is Intel ICH7-M. NC10 may be equipped with DDR2 667 or 800 MHz, but 945GSE GMCH supports DDR2 400/533 MHz only, so there is no reason to install memory faster than 533 MHz (PC2-4200). Internally, the NC10 has one slot for memory accepting memory modules up to 2 GB.
Display
The screen is a non-glossy display and measures 10.2 inches (259 mm) diagonally, and has a resolution of 1024×600 pixels. An external display can be used through the standard VGA connector.
Keyboard
The 83-key keyboard is 93% of the size of a full-size keyboard, with 17.7 mm pitch between keys and 2 mm travel on each key press, with some reviews claiming it is the best keyboard of any netbook yet released. The keyboard has also been treated with the anti-bacterial Silver Nano technology.
Storage
The standard internal hard drive size is 160 GB on a SATA 1.5 Gbit/s interface. It also includes an SD card slot, supporting MMC, SD and SDHC cards for additional storage.
The standard internal hard drive can be replaced with a Solid State Drive (SSD).
Problems with hardware
Some users noticed a white screen problem. After some time if the brightness is more than 40% screen goes completely white.
It has been reported on various forums that the problem relates to a faulty cable between the screen and motherboard. Users have had success in getting this fixed under the Samsung factory warranty. A YouTube video provides a simple DIY solution to the issue by fastening some screws around the screen.
Sometimes the main board develops bad through holes which can cause very strange symptoms as mentioned earlier, "BigClive" has documented a fix for OLED breakout boards with this symptom and a pin from old AMD laptop CPU such as Sempron can be used as well.
As these netbooks are quite old now the power switches and surrounding plastic are quite prone to failure. Repairing them is feasible and in the short term replacing it with a reed switch pair from old phones and small magnet does work as the switches are hard to find.
Part numbers include BA81-0588CA but this is also used on other machines notably the AOA270 and some HP laptops.
Also quite common with these are RAM failures, especially with the stock memory. It is believed that the failure is caused by deterioration in the memory chips used for serial presence detect and BIOS failures though rare do sometimes cause "black screen" similar to the early Aspire One units which can be recoverable using crisis boot disk and Alt Esc method.
Another method is to replace the defective BIOS chip entirely, with essential bits copied from a second unit so that the laptop does not then throw a "BIOS password" related error; these usually cost between £10 and £18
An interesting note with these, the BIOS battery sometimes goes bad and replacing it can solve clock issues as well as being an "if all else fails" test before resorting to a chip replacement.
Due to the way these are made it is sometimes feasible to make a new module using heatshrink, the old salvaged battery cables with nickel tags and some Z axis screen repair tape with blue cure nail varnish as an anti-vibration method if original batteries can't be shipped.
Operating systems
Windows platform
The NC10 was shipped with Windows XP Home Edition and can be upgraded to Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8.1, or Windows 10.
Linux
Linux (e.g. Ubuntu Netbook Edition, Xubuntu, Lubuntu, or Debian) runs well with the stock 1GB of RAM.
"Hackintosh" platform
The NC10 can be used as the platform to run Mac OS X using the IDeneb installation method. This combination of installing Apple's operating system on non-Apple hardware is often referred to as a "hackintosh" computer. In many cases, some features of either the hardware or software may not be totally functional or work as intended. There have been several such issues reported when using the NC10's default hardware.
Cloudready
The netbook can also be effectively turned into a "Chromebook" by installing the Cloudready operating system by Neverware. The Newest version does work on the NC10, though the SIM slot is not functional.
Colors and configurations
The NC10 is available in different colors and configurations. Colors include white, black, blue and pink. The configurations may differ in the lack of Bluetooth, e.g. in Spanish markets and some models in German markets, the fitting of a UMTS/HSDPA module, a weaker battery, or a stronger battery and a slightly bigger but non-multitouch touchpad as "special edition", available in the US.
The new model N110 is an upgrade of the basic NC10 design, with improved battery life, modified touchpad and improved styling.
See also
Comparison of netbooks
References
External links
Samsung NC10 Official Support Page
Samsung NC10 Community Forum
Samsung NC10 UK Review
Netbooks
NC10 | laptop Build Quality | 0.364 | 14,251 |
Lenovo
Lenovo Group Limited, often shortened to Lenovo ( , Chinese: ), is a Chinese-American multinational technology company specializing in designing, manufacturing, and marketing consumer electronics, personal computers, software, business solutions, and related services. Products manufactured by the company include desktop computers, laptops, tablet computers, smartphones, workstations, servers, supercomputers, electronic storage devices, IT management software, and smart televisions. Its best-known brands include IBM's ThinkPad business line of laptop computers, the IdeaPad, Yoga, and Legion consumer lines of laptop computers, and the IdeaCentre and ThinkCentre lines of desktop computers. As of January 2021, Lenovo is the world's largest personal computer vendor by unit sales.
Lenovo was founded in Beijing on 1 November 1984 as Legend by a team of engineers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Initially specializing in televisions, the company migrated towards manufacturing and marketing computers. Lenovo grew to become the market leader in China and raised nearly US$30 million in an initial public offering on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (SEHK). Since the 1990s, Lenovo has increasingly diversified from the personal computer market and made a number of corporate acquisitions, with the most notable being acquiring and integrating most of IBM's personal computer business and its x86-based server business as well as creating its own smartphone.
Lenovo has operations in over 60 countries and sells its products in around 180 countries. Its main and global headquarters are located in Hong Kong and Beijing respectively. It also has research centers in Beijing as well as in other Chinese cities such as Chengdu, Shanghai, Shenzhen, as well as internationally in Yamato, Kanagawa, Japan, Lorong Chuan, Singapore and Morrisville, North Carolina, United States. Lenovo identifies its facilities in Beijing, China, Morrisville, U.S., and Lorong Chuan, Singapore as its "key location addresses", where its principal operations occur. There is also Lenovo NEC Holdings, a joint venture with Japan's NEC that produces personal computers for the Japanese market.
History
1984–1993: Founding and early history
Liu Chuanzhi, along with a group of ten experienced engineers, officially founded Lenovo in Beijing on November 1, 1984, with 200,000 yuan. The Chinese government approved Lenovo's incorporation on the same day. Jia Xufu (贾续福), one of the founders of Lenovo, indicated that the first meeting in preparation for starting the company was held on October 17 the same year. Eleven people, the entirety of the initial staff, attended. Each of the founders was a member of the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The 200,000 yuan used as start-up capital was approved by Zeng Maochao (曾茂朝). The name for the company agreed upon at this meeting was the Chinese Academy of Sciences Computer Technology Research Institute New Technology Development Company.
The organizational structure of the company was established in 1985 after the Chinese New Year. It included a technology, engineering, administrative, and office departments. The group first attempted to import televisions but failed. It rebuilt itself as a company doing quality checks on computers. It also tried and failed to market a digital watch. In 1990, Lenovo started to manufacture and market computers using its own brand name.
In May 1988, Lenovo placed its first recruitment advertisement on the front page of the China Youth News. Such ads were quite rare in China at the time. Out of the 500 respondents, 280 were selected to take a written employment exam. 120 of these candidates were interviewed in person. Although interviewers initially only had authority to hire 16 people, 58 were given offers. The new staff included 18 people with graduate degrees, 37 with undergraduate degrees, and three students with no university-level education. Their average age was 26. Yang Yuanqing, the current chairman and CEO of Lenovo, was among that group.
Liu Chuanzhi received government permission to form a subsidiary in Hong Kong and to move there along with five other employees. Liu's father, already in Hong Kong, furthered his son's ambitions through mentoring and facilitating loans. Liu moved to Hong Kong in 1988. To save money during this period, Liu and his co-workers walked instead of taking public transportation. To keep up appearances, they rented hotel rooms for meetings.
Some of the company's early successes included the KT8920 mainframe computer. It also developed a circuit board that allowed IBM-compatible personal computers to process Chinese characters.
1994–1998: IPO, second offerings and bond sales
Lenovo (known at the time as Legend) became publicly traded after a 1994 Hong Kong IPO that raised nearly US$30 million. Prior to the IPO, many analysts were optimistic about Lenovo. On its first day of trading, the company's stock price hit a high of HK$2.07 and closed at HK$2.00. Proceeds from the offering were used to finance sales offices in Europe, North America and Australia, to expand and improve production and research and development, and to increase working capital.
By 1996, Lenovo was the market leader in China and began selling its own laptop. By 1998 it held 43 percent of the domestic computer market share in China, selling approximately one million computers.
Lenovo released its Tianxi () computer in 1998. Designed to make it easy for inexperienced Chinese consumers to use computers and access the internet, one of its most important features was a button that instantly connected users to the internet and opened the Web browser. It was co-branded with China Telecom and it was bundled with one year of Internet service. The Tianxi was released in 1998. It was the result of two years of research and development. It had a pastel-colored, shell-shaped case and a seven-port USB hub under its screen. As of 2000, the Tianxi was the best-selling computer in Chinese history. It sold more than 1,000,000 units in 2000 alone.
1999–2010: IBM purchase and sale of smartphone division
To fund its continued growth, Lenovo issued a secondary offering of 50 million shares on the Hong Kong market in March 2000 and raised about US$212 million. It rebranded to the name Lenovo in 2003 and began making acquisitions to expand the company.
Lenovo acquired IBM's personal computer business in 2005, including the ThinkPad laptop and tablet lines. Lenovo's acquisition of IBM's personal computer division accelerated access to foreign markets while improving both Lenovo's branding and technology. Lenovo paid US$1.25 billion for IBM's computer business and assumed an additional US$500 million of IBM's debt. This acquisition made Lenovo the third-largest computer maker worldwide by volume.
Lenovo's purchase of the Think line from IBM also led to the creation of the IBM/Lenovo partnership which works together in the creation of Think-line of products sold by Lenovo
About the purchase of IBM's personal computer division, Liu Chuanzhi said in 2012: "We benefited in three ways from the IBM acquisition. We got the ThinkPad brand, IBM's more advanced PC manufacturing technology and the company's international resources, such as its global sales channels and operation teams. These three elements have shored up our sales revenue in the past several years." The employees of the division, including those who developed ThinkPad laptops and Think Centre desktops, became employees of Lenovo.
Despite Lenovo acquiring the "Think" brand from IBM, IBM still plays a key indirect, background role in the design and production of the Think line of products. IBM today is responsible for overseeing servicing and repair centers and is considered an authorized distributor and refurbisher of the Think line of products produced by Lenovo.
IBM also acquired a 50% share of Lenovo in 2005 as part of Lenovo's purchase of IBM's personal computing division.
Mary Ma, Lenovo's chief financial officer from 1990 to 2007, was in charge of investor relations. Under her leadership, Lenovo successfully integrated Western-style accountability into its corporate culture. Lenovo's emphasis on transparency earned it a reputation for the best corporate governance among mainland Chinese firms. All major issues regarding its board, management, major share transfers, and mergers and acquisitions were fairly and accurately reported. While Hong Kong-listed firms were only required to issue financial reports twice per year, Lenovo followed the international norm of issuing quarterly reports. Lenovo created an audit committee and a compensation committee with non-management directors. The company started roadshows twice per year to meet institutional investors. Ma organized the first-ever investor relations conference held in mainland China. The conference was held in Beijing in 2002 and televised on China Central Television (CCTV). Liu and Ma co-hosted the conference and both gave speeches on corporate governance.
Lenovo sold its smartphone and tablet division in 2008 for US$100 million in order to focus on personal computers and then paid US$200 million to buy it back in November 2009. , the mobile division ranked third in terms of unit share in China's mobile handset market. Lenovo invested CN¥100 million in a fund dedicated to providing seed funding for mobile application development for its LeGarden online app store. As of 2010, LeGarden had more than 1,000 programs available for the LePhone. At the same time, LeGarden counted 2,774 individual developers and 542 developer companies as members.
2011–2013: Re-entering smartphone market and other ventures
On January 27, 2011, Lenovo formed a joint venture to produce personal computers with Japanese electronics firm NEC. The companies said in a statement that they would establish a new company called Lenovo NEC Holdings, to be registered in the Netherlands. NEC received US$175 million in Lenovo stock. Lenovo was to own a 51% stake in the joint venture, while NEC would have 49%. Lenovo has a five-year option to expand its stake in the joint venture.
This joint venture was intended to boost Lenovo's worldwide sales by expanding its presence in Japan, a key market for personal computers. NEC spun off its personal computer business into the joint venture. As of 2010, NEC controlled about 20% of Japan's market for personal computers while Lenovo had a 5% share. Lenovo and NEC also agreed to explore cooperating in other areas such as servers and tablet computers.
Roderick Lappin, chairman of the Lenovo–NEC joint venture, told the press that the two companies will expand their co-operation to include the development of tablet computers.
In June 2011, Lenovo announced that it planned to acquire control of Medion, a German electronics manufacturing company. Lenovo said the acquisition would double its share of the German computer market, making it the third-largest vendor by sales (after Acer and Hewlett-Packard). The deal, which closed in the third quarter of the same year, was claimed by The New York Times as "the first in which a Chinese company acquired a well-known German company."
This acquisition will give Lenovo 14% of the German computer market. Gerd Brachmann, chairman of Medion, agreed to sell two-thirds of his 60 percent stake in the company. He will be paid in cash for 80 percent of the shares and will receive 20 percent in Lenovo stock. That would give him about one percent of Lenovo.
In September 2012, Lenovo agreed to acquire the Brazil-based electronics company Digibras, which sells products under the brand-name CCE, for a base price of 300 million reals (US$148 million) in a combination of stock and cash. An additional payment of 400 million reals was made dependent upon performance benchmarks. Prior to its acquisition of CCE, Lenovo already established a $30 million factory in Brazil, but Lenovo's management had felt that they needed a local partner to maximize regional growth. Lenovo cited their desire to take advantage of increased sales due to the 2014 World Cup that would be hosted by Brazil and the 2016 Summer Olympics and CCE's reputation for quality. Following the acquisition, Lenovo announced that its subsequent acquisitions would be concentrated in software and services.
In September 2012, Lenovo agreed to acquire the United States-based software company Stoneware, in its first software acquisition. The transaction was expected to close by the end of 2012; no financial details have been disclosed. Lenovo said that the company was acquired in order to gain access to new technology and that Stoneware is not expected to significantly affect earnings. More specifically, Stoneware was acquired to further Lenovo's efforts to improve and expand its cloud-computing services. For the two years prior to its acquisition, Stoneware partnered with Lenovo to sell its software. During this period Stoneware's sales doubled. Stoneware was founded in 2000. As of September 2012, Stoneware is based in Carmel, Indiana and has 67 employees.
Lenovo re-entered the smartphone market in 2012 and quickly became the largest vendor of smartphones in mainland China. Entry into the smartphone market was paired with a change of strategy from "the one-size-fits-all" to a diverse portfolio of devices. These changes were driven by the popularity of Apple's iPhone and Lenovo's desire to increase its market share in mainland China. Lenovo surpassed Apple Inc. to become the No. 2 provider of smartphones in the domestic Chinese market in 2012. However, due to there being about 100 smartphone brands sold in China, this second only equated to a 10.4% market share.
In May 2012, Lenovo announced an investment of US$793 million in the construction of a mobile phone manufacturing and R&D facility in Wuhan, Hubei.
In 2013, Lenovo created a joint venture with EMC named LenovoEMC. The venture took over Iomega's business and rebranded all of Iomega's products under the LenovoEMC brand, and designed products for small and medium-sized businesses that could not afford enterprise-class data storage. Lenovo has since retired all of the LenovoEMC products on their product page advising that the products are no longer available for purchase on lenovo.com.
2014–present: Purchase of IBM server lines and other acquisitions
IBM sold its x86-based server lines, including IBM System x and IBM BladeCenter, to Lenovo in 2014. Lenovo says it will gain access to more enterprise customers, improve its profit margins, and develop a closer relationship with Intel, the maker of most server processors, through its acquisition of IBM's x86-based server business. On 1 October 2014, Lenovo closed its acquisition of IBM's server division, with the final price put at $2.1 billion. Lenovo said this acquisition came in at a price lower than the previously announced $2.3 billion partially because of a change in the value of IBM inventories. The deal has been already approved by Europe, China and the United States. The United States Department of Treasury Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) was reportedly the last hurdle for Lenovo, since the United States has the strictest policies. According to Timothy Prickett-Morgan from Enterprise Tech, the deal still awaits "approval of regulators in China, the European Commission, and Canada".
After closing, Lenovo said that its goal was to become the world's largest maker of servers. Lenovo also announced plans to start integrating IBM's workforce. The acquisition added about 6,500 new employees to Lenovo. Lenovo said that it has no immediate intent to cut jobs. Lenovo said that positions in research and development and customer-facing roles such as marketing would be "100% protected", but expected "rationalization" of its supply chain and procurement.
On 29 January 2014, Google announced it would sell Motorola Mobility to Lenovo for US$2.91 billion. As of February 2014, Google owned about 5.94% of Lenovo's stock. The deal included smartphone lines like the Moto X, Moto G, Droid Turbo, and the future Motorola Mobility product roadmap, while Google retained the Advanced Technologies & Projects unit and all but 2,000 of the company's patents. Lenovo received royalty free licenses to all the patents retained by Google. Lenovo received approval from the European Union for its acquisition of Motorola in June 2014. The acquisition was completed on 30 October 2014. Motorola Mobility remained headquartered in Chicago, and continued to use the Motorola brand, but Liu Jun, president of Lenovo's mobile device business, became the head of the company.
In April 2014, Lenovo purchased a portfolio of patents from NEC related to mobile technology. These included over 3,800 patent families in countries around the world. The purchase included standards-essential patents for 3G and LTE cellular technologies and other patents related to smartphones and tablets.
In May 2015, Lenovo revealed a new logo at Lenovo Tech World in Beijing, with the slogan "Innovation Never Stands Still" (). Lenovo's new logo, created by Saatchi, can be changed by its advertising agencies and sales partners, within restrictions, to fit the context. It has a lounging "e" and is surrounded by a box that can be changed to use a relevant scene, solid color, or photograph. Lenovo's Chief Marketing Officer David Roman said, "When we first started looking at it, it wasn't about just a change in typography or the look of the logo. We asked 'If we really are a net-driven, customer-centric company, what should the logo look like?' We came up with the idea of a digital logo first [...] designed to be used on the internet and adaptable to context."
In early June 2015, Lenovo announced plans to sell up to US$650 million in five-year bonds denominated in Chinese yuan. The bonds were sold in Hong Kong with coupon ranging from 4.95% to 5.05%. This is only the second sale of bonds in Lenovo's history. Financial commentators noted that Lenovo was paying a premium to list the bonds in yuan given relatively low costs for borrowing in US dollars.
Lenovo said that its x86 servers will be available to all its channel partners. Lenovo plans to cut prices on x86 products in order to gain market share. This goes in alliance with IBM's vision of the future around cloud technologies and their own POWER processor architecture.
Lenovo's acquisition of IBM's businesses is arguably one of the greatest case studies on merging massive international enterprises. Though this acquisition in 2005 ultimately resulted in success, the integration of the businesses had a difficult and challenging beginning. Lenovo had employees from different cultures, different backgrounds, and different languages. These differences caused misunderstandings, hampering trust and the ability to build a new corporate culture. At the end of its first two years, Lenovo Group had met many of its original challenges, including integrating two disparate cultures in the newly formed company, maintaining the Think brand image for quality and innovation, and improving supply chain and manufacturing efficiencies. However, Lenovo had failed to meet a key objective of the merger: leveraging the combined strength of the two companies to grow volume and market share. In order to achieve success, Lenovo embraced diversify at multiple levels- business model, culture, and talent. By 2015, Lenovo grew into the world's number 1 PC maker, number 3 smartphone manufacturer and number 3 in the production of tablet computers.
In March 2017, Lenovo announced it was partnering with Fort Lauderdale, Florida-based software storage virtualization company DataCore to add DataCore's parallel I/O-processing software to Lenovo's storage devices. The servers were reportedly designed to outperform Storage Area Network (SAN) SAN arrays.
In 2017, Lenovo formed a joint venture with Fujitsu and the Development Bank of Japan (DBJ). In the joint venture, Fujitsu would sell Lenovo a 51% stake in Fujitsu Client Computing Limited. DBJ would acquire a 5% stake.
In September 2018, Lenovo and NetApp announced about strategic partnership and joint venture in China. As part of strategic partnership Lenovo started two new lines of storage systems: DM-Series and DE-Series. Both storage systems using Lenovo hardware and NetApp software: DM-Series using ONTAP OS and DE-Series SANtricity OS.
In 2018, Lenovo became the world's largest provider for the TOP500 supercomputers.
In 2020, Lenovo became a preferred data center innovation provider for DreamWorks Animation starting with Trolls World Tour.
Name
"Lenovo" is a portmanteau of "Le-" (from Legend) and "novo", Latin ablative for "new". The Chinese name () means "association" (as in "association of ideas"), "associative thinking", or "connected thinking". It also implies creativity. "Lianxiang" was first used to refer to a layout of Chinese typewriters in the 1950s organized into groups of common words and phrases rather than the standard dictionary layout.
For the first 20 years of its existence, the company's English name was "Legend". In 2002, Yang Yuanqing decided to abandon the Legend English name to expand beyond the Chinese home market. "Legend" was already in use worldwide by many businesses whose products and services may or may not have to do with technology, making it impossible to register in many jurisdictions outside China. In April 2003, the company publicly announced its new English name, "Lenovo", with an advertising campaign including huge billboards and primetime television ads. Lenovo spent 18 million RMB on an eight-week television advertising campaign. The billboards showed the Lenovo logo against blue sky with a slogan that read, "Transcendence depends on how you think." By the end of 2003, Lenovo had spent a total of 200 million RMB on rebranding.
Products and services
Lenovo is a manufacturer of personal computers, smartphones, televisions, and wearable devices. Some of the company's earliest products included the KT8920 mainframe computer and a circuit board that allowed IBM-compatible personal computers to process Chinese characters. One of its first computers was the Tianxi (), released in 1998 in the Chinese market. It became the best selling computer in Chinese history in 2000.
Personal and business computing
Lenovo markets the ThinkPad, IdeaPad, Yoga, Legion and Xiaoxin (; Chinese market only) lines of laptops, as well as the IdeaCentre and ThinkCentre lines of desktops. It expanded significantly in 2005 through its acquisition of IBM's personal computer business, including its ThinkPad and ThinkCentre lines. As of January 2013, shipments of THINK-branded computers have doubled since Lenovo's takeover of the brand, with profit margins thought to be above 5%. Lenovo aggressively expanded the THINK brand away from traditional laptop computers in favor of tablets and hybrid devices such as the ThinkPad Tablet 2, ThinkPad Yoga, ThinkPad 8, ThinkPad Helix, and ThinkPad Twist; the shift came as a response to the growing popularity of mobile devices, and the release of Windows 8 in October 2012. Lenovo achieved significant success with this high-value strategy and in 2013 controlled more than 40% of the market for Windows computers priced above $900 in the United States.
ThinkPad
The ThinkPad is a line of business-oriented laptop computers known for their boxy black design, modeled after a traditional Japanese bento. The ThinkPad was originally an IBM product developed at the Yamato Facility in Japan by ; they have since been developed, manufactured and sold by both IBM and Lenovo after early 2005, following its acquisition of IBM's personal computer division. The ThinkPad has been used in space and were the only laptops certified for use on the International Space Station.
ThinkCentre
The ThinkCentre is a line of business-oriented desktop computers which was introduced in 2003 by IBM and since has been produced and sold by Lenovo since 2005. ThinkCentre computers typically include mid-range to high-end processors, options for discrete graphics cards, and multi-monitor support. Similar to the ThinkPad line of computers, there have been budget lines of ThinkCentre branded computers in the past. Some examples of this include: M55e series, A50 series, M72 series. These "budget" lines are typically "thin clients" however, meaning they are not standalone computers, rather, they are access points to a central server.
ThinkServer, followed by ThinkSystem
The ThinkServer product line began with the TS100 from Lenovo. The server was developed under agreement with IBM, by which Lenovo would produce single-socket and dual-socket servers based on IBM's xSeries technology. An additional feature of the server design was a support package aimed at small businesses. The focus of this support package was to provide small businesses with software tools to ease the process of server management and reduce dependence on IT support.
On June 20, 2017, Lenovo's Data Center Group relaunched the ThinkServer product line as ThinkSystem, which consisted of 17 new machine type models, in the catalog formate containing form factors such as Tower, 1U/2U, Blades, Dense and 4U Mission Critical Intel-based servers. Also within this relaunch contained a portfolio of Storage Arrays and of Fibre Channel SAN Switches and Directors. To further incorporate industry-leading partnerships into its portfolio, Lenovo struck an agreement with the processor company, AMD, to be able to supply customers with a choice of options between both Intel and AMD powered appliances. In August, 2019, the first two ThinkSystem platforms were introduced to the market containing a single AMD EPYC processor, the SR635 (1U) and the SR655 (2U). Again, in May 2020, Lenovo DCG further expanded its AMD offerings to incorporate 2-proc systems, the SR645 and the SR665, continuing tio exemplify its approach to being the Most Trusted Data Center Advisor in the market.
ThinkStation
Lenovo ThinkStations are workstations designed for high-end computing. In 2008, IBM/Lenovo expanded the focus of its THINK brand to include workstations, with the ThinkStation S10 being the first model released.
ThinkVision displays
High-end monitors are marketed under the ThinkVision name. ThinkVision displays share a common design language with other THINK devices such as the ThinkPad line of laptop computers and ThinkCentre line of desktop computers. At the 2014 International CES, Lenovo announced the ThinkVision Pro2840m, a 28-inch 4K display aimed at professionals. Lenovo also announced another 28-inch 4K touch-enabled device running Android that can function as an all-in-one PC or an external display for other devices.
At the 2016 International CES, Lenovo announced two displays with both USB-C and DisplayPort connectivity. The ThinkVision X24 Pro monitor is a 24-inch 1920 by 1080 pixel thin-bezel display that uses an IPS LCD panel. The ThinkVision X1 is a 27-inch 3840 by 2160 pixel thin-bezel display that uses a 10-bit panel with 99% coverage of the sRGB color gamut. The X24 includes a wireless charging base for mobile phones. The X1 is the first monitor to receive the TUV Eye-Comfort certification. Both monitors have HDMI 2.0 ports, support charging laptops, mobile phones, and other devices, and have Intel RealSense 3D cameras in order to support facial recognition. Both displays have dual-array microphones and 3-watt stereo speakers.
IdeaPad
The IdeaPad line of consumer-oriented laptop computers was introduced in January 2008. The IdeaPad is the result of Lenovo's own research and development; Unlike the ThinkPad line, its design and branding were not inherited from IBM nor are they designed/developed by IBM.
The IdeaPad's design language differs markedly from the ThinkPad and has a more consumer-focused look and feel.
On September 21, 2016, Lenovo confirmed that their Yoga series is not meant to be compatible with Linux operating systems, that they know it is impossible to install Linux on some models, and that it is not supported. This came in the wake of media coverage of problems that users were having while trying to install Ubuntu on several Yoga models, including the 900 ISK2, 900 ISK For Business, 900S, and 710, which were traced back to Lenovo disabling and removing support for the AHCI storage mode for the device's Solid State Drive in the computer's BIOS, in favor of a RAID mode that is only supported by Windows 10 drivers that come with the system. Lenovo has since released an alternative firmware that has restored the AHCI mode to the drive controller to allow installation of Linux operating systems.
IdeaCentre
All IdeaCentres are all-in-one machines, combining processor and monitor into a single unit. The desktops were described by HotHardware as being "uniquely designed". The first IdeaCentre desktop, the IdeaCentre K210, was announced by Lenovo on 30 June 2008. While the IdeaCentre line consists only of desktops, it shares design elements and features with the IdeaPad line. One such feature was Veriface facial recognition technology.
At CES 2011, Lenovo announced the launch of four IdeaCentre desktops: the A320, B520, B320, and C205. In the autumn of 2012, the firm introduced the more powerful IdeaCentre A720, with a 27-inch touchscreen display and running Windows 8. With a TV tuner and HDMI in, the A720 can also serve as a multimedia hub or home theater PC.
In 2013, Lenovo added a table computer to the IdeaCentre line. The Lenovo IdeaCentre Horizon Table PC, introduced at the 2013 International CES is a 27-inch touchscreen computer designed to lay flat for simultaneous use by multiple people. Thanks to its use of Windows 8, the Horizon can also serve as a desktop computer when set upright.
Legion
Legion is a series of laptop from Lenovo targeting gaming performance. The first Legion brand laptops was revealed at CES 2017, the Legion Y520 and the Legion Y720. On June 6, 2017, a high-performance model, the Legion Y920, equipped with Intel's seventh-generation quad-core i7-7820HK and Nvidia GTX 1070 discrete graphics, was launched.
At E3 2018, Lenovo announced three new laptops with new redesigned chassis, Y530, Y730 and Y7000.
In 2020, Lenovo launched Legion 3, 5, and 7, where Legion 7 is the highest specification of the series.
In 2021, Lenovo launched Legion 5 pro with AMD 5th series CPU and Nvidia 30,s GPU.
Smartphones
As of January 2013, Lenovo only manufactured phones that use the Android operating system from Google. Numerous press reports indicated that Lenovo planned to release a phone running Windows Phone 8, According to J. D. Howard, a vice president at Lenovo's mobile division, the company would release a Windows Phone product if there is market demand.
Lenovo has implemented an aggressive strategy to replace Samsung Electronics as Mainland China market's top smartphone vendor. It has spent $793.5 million in Wuhan in order to build a plant that can produce 30 to 40 million phones per year. Data from Analysys International shows that Lenovo experienced considerable growth in smartphone sales in China during 2012. Specifically, it saw its market share increase to 14.2% during 2012's third quarter, representing an increase when compared to 4.8% in the same quarter of 2011. IDC analysts said that Lenovo's success is due to its "aggressive ramping-up and improvements in channel partnerships." Analysys International analyst Wang Ying wrote, "Lenovo possesses an obvious advantage over rivals in terms of sales channels." The company's CEO, Yang Yuanqing, said, "Lenovo does not want to be the second player ... we want to be the best. Lenovo has the confidence to outperform Samsung and Apple, at least in the Chinese market."
According to IHS iSuppli, Lenovo was a top-three smartphone maker in China with a 16.5% market share in the first quarter of 2012. According to a May report released by IDC Lenovo ranks fourth in the global tablet market by volume. As of November 2012, Lenovo was the second largest seller of mobile phones in China when measured by volume.
In May 2013, Lenovo CEO Yang Yuanqing indicated that the company had aimed to release smartphones in the United States within the next year. Later in October, Lenovo expressed interest in acquiring the Canadian smartphone maker BlackBerry Ltd. However, its attempt was reportedly blocked by the Government of Canada, citing security concerns due to the use of BlackBerry devices by prominent members of the government. An official stated that "we have been pretty consistent that the message is Canada is open to foreign investment and investment from China in particular but not at the cost of compromising national security".
In January 2014, Lenovo announced a proposed deal to acquire Motorola Mobility to bolster its plans for the U.S. market. Microsoft officially announced that Lenovo had become the hardware partner of Windows Phone platform at the Mobile World Congress 2014. In January 2016, Lenovo announced at CES that the company would be producing the first Project Tango phone.
Lenovo plus Motorola was the 3rd largest producer of smartphones by volume in the world between 2011 and 2014. Since Lenovo's acquisition of Motorola Mobility, the combined global market share of Lenovo plus Motorola has fallen from 7.2% in 2014 to 3.9% in the third quarter of 2016. A number of factors have been cited as the cause of this reduced demand, including the fact that Lenovo relied heavily on carriers to sell its phones, its phones lacked strong branding and unique features to distinguish them in the competitive Chinese market where a weak economy and saturated market is slowing demand and the culture clash between a more hierarchical PC company and the need to be nimble to sell rapidly-evolving smartphones. In response to the weak sales, Lenovo announced in August 2015 that it would lay off 3,200 employees, mostly in its Motorola smartphone business.
In the reorganization which followed, Lenovo was uncertain how to brand its Motorola smartphones. In November 2015, members of Lenovo management made statements that Lenovo would use the Motorola brand for all its smartphones. Then, in January 2016, Lenovo announced that it would be eliminating the Motorola brand in favor of "Moto by Lenovo". The company reversed course in March 2017 and announced that the Motorola brand name would be used in all regions in future products. "In 2016, we just finished transforming ourselves," Motorola Chairman and President Aymar de Lencquesaing said in an interview, "We have clarity on how we present ourselves."
Smart televisions
In November 2011, Lenovo said it would soon unveil a smart television product called LeTV, expected for release in the first quarter of 2012. "The PC, communications and TV industries are currently undergoing a 'smart' transformation. In the future, users will have many smart devices and will desire an integrated experience of hardware, software and cloud services." Liu Jun, president of Lenovo's mobile-Internet and digital-home-business division. In June 2013 Lenovo announced a partnership with Sharp to produce smart televisions. In March 2014, Lenovo announced that it projected smart television sales surpassing one million units for 2014. The same month Lenovo released its flagship S9 Smart TV.
Wearables
Rumors that Lenovo was developing a wearable device were confirmed in October 2014 after the company submitted a regulatory finding to the Federal Communications Commission. The device, branded a "Smartband", has a battery life of seven days. It has an optical heart-rate monitor and can be used to track distance and time spent running and calories burned. It can also notify the user of incoming calls and texts. It can also unlock computers without the use of a password. The Smartband went on sale in October 2014. Lenovo started offering the device for sale on its website without a formal product announcement.
IoT / Smart Home
In 2015 Lenovo launched a strategic cooperation with IngDan (), a subsidiary of Chinese electronics e-commerce company Cogobuy Group, to penetrate into the intelligent hardware sector. Lenovo wanted to procure High-Tech hardware in the then newly emerging Internet of Things (IoT) economy and formed a strategic partnership with Cogobuy in which it previously primarily bought IC components from. Cogobuy's supply chain was utilised by Lenovo to procure consumer devices and bridge gaps in their proprietary hardware and software development. At the IFA 2018, Lenovo launched several smart home products.
Lenovo Connect
At the Mobile World Congress in 2016, Lenovo introduced Lenovo Connect, a wireless roaming service. This service works across devices, networks, and borders for customers in China and EMEA (Europe, the Middle East and Africa). Lenovo Connect eliminates the need to buy new SIM cards when crossing borders. Lenovo Connect started service for phones and select ThinkPad laptops in China in February 2016.
Operations
Lenovo's principal facilities are in Beijing, China; Morrisville, North Carolina, United States; and Lorong Chuan], Singapore; with research centers in Beijing, Morrisville, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Chengdu, Nanjing, Wuhan and Yamato (Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan). Lenovo operates manufacturing facilities in Chengdu and Hefei in China, and in Japan. A global flagship store opened in Beijing in February 2013.
Lenovo's manufacturing operations are a departure from the usual industry practice of outsourcing to contract manufacturers. Lenovo instead focuses on vertical integration in order to avoid excessive reliance on original equipment manufacturers and to keep down costs. Speaking on this topic, Yang Yuanqing said, "Selling PCs is like selling fresh fruit. The speed of innovation is very fast, so you must know how to keep up with the pace, control inventory, to match supply with demand and handle very fast turnover." Lenovo benefited from its vertical integration after flooding affected hard-drive manufacturers in Thailand in 2011, as the company could continue manufacturing operations by shifting production towards products for which hard drives were still available.
Lenovo began to emphasize vertical integration after a meeting in 2009 in which CEO Yang Yuanqing, and the head of Lenovo's supply chain, analyzed the costs versus the benefits of in-house manufacturing, and decided to make at least 50% of Lenovo's manufacturing in-house. Lenovo Chief Technology Officer George He said that vertical integration is having an important role in product development. He stated, "If you look at the industry trends, most innovations for" PCs, smartphones, tablets and smart TVs are related to innovation of key components—display, battery and storage. Differentiation of key parts is so important. So we started investing more ... and working very closely with key parts suppliers." Previously, lack of integration due to numerous foreign acquisitions and an excessive number of "key performance indicators" (KPIs) was making Lenovo's expansion expensive and creating unacceptably slow delivery times to end-customers. Lenovo responded by reducing the number of KPIs from 150 to 5, offering intensive training to managers, and working to create a global Lenovo culture. Lenovo also doubled-down on vertical integration and manufacturing near target markets in order to cut costs at time when its competitors were making increased use of outsourcing off-shoring. By 2013, Lenovo ranked 20th on Gartner's list of top 50 supply chains, whereas in 2010 the company was unranked.
In 2012, Lenovo partially moved production of its ThinkPad line of computers to Japan. ThinkPads will be produced by NEC in Yamagata Prefecture. , president of Lenovo Japan, said, "As a Japanese, I am glad to see the return to domestic production and the goal is to realize full-scale production as this will improve our image and make the products more acceptable to Japanese customers."
In October 2012, Lenovo announced that it would start assembling computers in Whitsett, North Carolina. Production of desktop and laptop computers, including the ThinkPad Helix began in January 2013. , 115 workers were employed at this facility. Lenovo has been in Whitsett since 2008, where it also has centers for logistics, customer service, and return processing.
In 2015, Lenovo and Hong Kong Cyberport Management Company Limited, a government-sponsored business park for technology firms, reached a deal to "jointly build a cloud service and product research and development center". Lenovo's Asia Pacific data center will also be housed in Cyperport.
Lenovo assembles smartphones in Chennai, India through a contract manufacturing agreement with Flextronics. In November 2015, Lenovo announced that it would start manufacturing computers in Pondicherry.
Accusations of slave labor by supplier
In August 2020, The Intercept reported that Lenovo imported about 258,000 laptops from the Chinese manufacturer Hefei Bitland Information Technology, a company, among others, accused by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute of using Uyghur forced labor. In July 2020, the United States Commerce Department added 11 companies, including Hefei Bitland, implicated in human rights abuses on the Entity List. Lenovo took some shipments out of the distribution, but other shipments were distributed to consumers.
In late July, Lenovo informed its customers it had stopped manufacturing with Bitland and was moving production of related devices to other suppliers.
Corporate affairs
Alongside Beijing and Singapore, the company also has an executive headquarters in Morrisville, North Carolina, near Raleigh in the Research Triangle metropolitan area, in the United States to focus on its North American bussinesses.. As of October 2012, the facility has about 2,000 employees. Lenovo identifies its facilities in Morrisville, Beijing, and Singapore as its "key location addresses", where its principal operations occur. The company stated that "by foregoing a traditional headquarters model and focusing on centers of excellence around the world, Lenovo makes the maximum use of its resources to create the best products in the most efficient and effective way possible". The company registered office is on the 23rd floor of the Lincoln House building of the Taikoo Place in Quarry Bay, Hong Kong.
Previously the company's U.S. headquarters were in Purchase, Harrison, New York. About 70 people worked there. In 2006, Lenovo announced that it was consolidating its U.S. headquarters, a logistics facility in Boulder, Colorado, and a call center in Atlanta, Georgia, to a new facility in Morrisville. The company received offers of over $11 million in incentive funds from the local Morrisville, North Carolina, area and from the State of North Carolina on the condition that the company employs about 2,200 people.
In early 2016, Lenovo carried out a comprehensive restructuring of its business units.
Financials and market share
In the third quarter of 2020, Lenovo commands a leading market share of 25.7 percent of all PCs sold in the world.
In March 2013, Lenovo was included as a constituent stock in the Hang Seng Index. Lenovo replaced the unprofitable Aluminum Corporation of China, a state-owned enterprise, on the list of 50 key companies on the Hong Kong stock exchange that constitute the Hang Seng Index. The inclusion of Lenovo and Tencent, China's largest internet firm, significantly increased the weight of the technology sector on the index. Being added to the Hang Seng Index was a significant boon for Lenovo and its shareholders as it widened the pool of investors willing to purchase Lenovo's stock. For instance, index funds pegged to the Hang Seng and pension funds that consider index inclusion now have the opportunity to invest in Lenovo. In November 2013 Lenovo reported that they had achieved double-digit market share in the United States for the first time.
Ownership
In 2009, China Oceanwide Holdings Group, a private investment firm based in Beijing, bought 29% of Legend Holdings, the parent company of Lenovo, for 2.76 billion yuan. , 65% of Lenovo stock was held by the general public, 29% by Legend Holdings, 5.8% by Mr. Yang, and 0.2% by other directors.
Responding to claims that Lenovo is a state-owned enterprise CEO Yang Yuanqing said: "Our company is a 100% market oriented company. Some people have said we are a state-owned enterprise. It's 100% not true. In 1984 the Chinese Academy of Sciences only invested $25,000 in our company. The purpose of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to invest in this company was that they wanted to commercialize their research results. The Chinese Academy of Sciences is a pure research entity in China, owned by the government. From this point, you could say we're different from state-owned enterprises. Secondly, after this investment, this company is run totally by the founders and management team. The government has never been involved in our daily operation, in important decisions, strategic direction, nomination of the CEO and top executives and financial management. Everything is done by our management team."
As of 2014, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, owns 11.7% of Lenovo. and IBM owns 37.8%
In early 2006, the U.S. State Department was harshly criticized for purchasing 16,000 computers from Lenovo. Critics argued that Lenovo was controlled by the Chinese government and a potential vehicle for espionage against the United States. Yang spoke out forcefully and publicly to defend Lenovo. He said, "We are not a government-controlled company." He pointed out that Lenovo pioneered China's transition to a market economy and that in the early 1990s had fought and beaten four state-owned enterprises that dominated the Chinese computer market. Those firms had the full backing of the state while Lenovo received no special treatment. The State Department deal went through. Yang worried that fears about Lenovo's supposed connections to the Chinese government would be an ongoing issue in the United States. Yang worked to ease worries by communicating directly with Congress.
Yang dramatically increased his ownership stake by acquiring 797 million shares in 2011. As of June 2011, Yang owned an 8 percent stake in Lenovo. He previously owned only 70 million shares. In a statement, Yang said, "While the transaction is a personal financial matter, I want to be very clear that my decision to make this investment is based on my strong belief in the company's very bright future. Our culture is built on commitment and ownership – we do what we say, and we own what we do. My decision to increase my holdings represents my steadfast belief in these principles."
Corporate culture
Lenovo's senior executives rotate between the three head offices at Beijing, Morrisville, and Singapore, as well as Lenovo's research and development center in Japan.
Leadership
Yang Yuanqing
Yang Yuanqing is the chairman and chief executive officer of Lenovo. One of his major achievements was leading Lenovo to become the best-selling personal computer brand in China since 1997. In 2001, Business Week named him one of Asia's rising stars in business. Yang was president and CEO of Lenovo until 2004, when Lenovo closed its acquisition of IBM's PC division, after which Yang was succeeded as Lenovo CEO by IBM's Stephen M. Ward, Jr. Ward was succeeded by Bill Amelio on 20 December 2005. In February 2009, Yang replaced Amelio as CEO and has served in that capacity ever since. Yang was chairman of Lenovo's board from 2004 to 2008, and returned as chairman in 2012 alongside his role as CEO.
In 2012, Yang received a $3 million bonus as a reward for record profits, which he in turn redistributed to about 10,000 of Lenovo's employees. According to Lenovo spokesman, Jeffrey Shafer, Yang felt that it would be the right thing to, "redirect [the money] to the employees as a real tangible gesture for what they done." Shafer also said that Yang, who owns about eight percent of Lenovo's stock, "felt that he was rewarded well simply as the owner of the company." The bonuses were mostly distributed among staff working in positions such as production and reception who received an average of 2,000 yuan or about US$314. This was almost equivalent to a monthly salary of an average worker in China. Yang made a similar gift of $3.25 million again in 2013.
According to Lenovo's annual report, Yang earned $14 million, including $5.2 million in bonuses, during the fiscal year that ended in March 2012.
In 2013, Barron's named Yang one of the "World's Best CEOs".
Liu Chuanzhi
Liu Chuanzhi is the founder and chairman of Lenovo. Liu was trained as an engineer at a military college and later went on to work at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Like many young people during the Cultural Revolution, Liu was denounced and sent to the countryside where he worked as a laborer on a rice farm. Liu claims Hewlett-Packard as a key source of inspiration. In an interview with The Economist he stated that "Our earliest and best teacher was Hewlett-Packard." For more than ten years, Lenovo was Hewlett-Packard's distributor in China. In reference to Lenovo's later acquisition of IBM's personal computer unit Liu said, "I remember the first time I took part in a meeting of IBM agents. I was wearing an old business suit of my father's and I sat in the back row. Even in my dreams, I never imagined that one day we could buy the IBM PC business. It was unthinkable. Impossible."
Board of directors
In early 2013, Lenovo announced the addition of Yahoo founder Jerry Yang to its board. Lenovo's CEO Yang Yuanqing said, "Jerry's appointment as an observer to our board furthers Lenovo's reputation as a transparent international company." Just prior to the appointment of Jerry Yang, Tudor Brown, the founder of British semiconductor design firm ARM, was also appointed to Lenovo's board. Speaking of both men Yang Yuanqing said, "We believe that they will add a great deal to our strategic thinking, long-term direction and, ultimately, our ability to achieve our aspirations in the PC plus era."
Marketing and sponsorships
In 2009, Lenovo became the first personal computer manufacturer to divide countries into emerging markets and mature markets. Lenovo then developed a different set of strategies for each category. Lenovo's competitors have widely adopted the same approach In 2012, Lenovo made a major effort to expand its market share in developing economies such as Brazil and India through acquisitions and increased budgets for marketing and advertising.
Celebrity sponsorships and endorsements
In October 2013, Lenovo announced that it had hired American actor Ashton Kutcher as a product engineer and spokesman. David Roman, Lenovo's chief marketing officer, said, "His partnership goes beyond traditional bounds by deeply integrating him into our organization as a product engineer. Ashton will help us break new ground by challenging assumptions, bringing a new perspective and contributing his technical expertise to Yoga Tablet and other devices." Kobe Bryant became an official ambassador for Lenovo smartphones in China and Southeast Asia in early 2013. Bryant appeared in a social campaign titled "The Everyday Kobe Challenge" for the launch of Lenovo IdeaPhone K900 in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines in the same year.
Sporting sponsorship
Lenovo was an official computer sponsor of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, and the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. When asked about Lenovo's brand Yang Yuanqing said, "The Beijing Olympics were very good for brand awareness in countries like the US and Argentina, but not good enough." The NFL has been a Lenovo customer since 2007. In July 2012, Lenovo and the National Football League (NFL) announced that Lenovo had become the NFL's "Official Laptop, Desktop and Workstation Sponsor." Lenovo said that this was its largest sponsorship deal ever in the United States. NFL stars Jerry Rice, DeAngelo Williams, and Torry Holt were on hand for the announcement and a celebration with 1,500 Lenovo employees. Lenovo's sponsorship will last at least three years.
Lenovo also become technology partner for Ducati Corse in MotoGP since 2018. And for the 2021 MotoGP it will become main sponsor for the Bolognese.
Lenovo is also an official partner of the NHL's Carolina Hurricanes who play in nearby Raleigh, North Carolina.
Lenovo and FC Internazionale, in 2019, have signed a multi-year sponsorship agreement that makes Lenovo the Global Technology Partner of the Nerazzurri company. In May 2021, Lenovo and Motorola Mobility decided to celebrate with a limited edition of Razr 5G totally customized and produced in 2021 numbered pieces, to honor Inter who won their 19th Scudetto. In July 2021 there was the launch of the new Inter Home shirt for the 2021-22 season, they unveiled the introduction of Lenovo as a sponsor on the back of the shirt.
Television, internet, and other media
Lenovo used a short-film entitled The Pursuit in its "For Those Who Do" campaign launched in 2011. The film depicted a mysterious young woman using the IdeaPad Yoga 13 to stay one-step-ahead of her evil pursuers. Martin Campbell, who previously worked on action movies and James Bond films such as GoldenEye and the remake of Casino Royale, shot this film. Lenovo was the first Chinese company to make use of such marketing techniques.
In May 2015, Lenovo hosted its first ever "Tech World" conference in Beijing. ZUK, a separate company formed by Lenovo in 2014, announced several products at Tech World, These included slim power banks, 3D printers that can print food such as chocolate, an outdoor sound box, and a Wi-Fi based control system for home automation.
China
In its home market China, Lenovo has a vast distribution network designed to make sure that there is at least one shop selling Lenovo computers within 50 kilometers of nearly all consumers. Lenovo has also developed close relationships with its Chinese distributors, who are granted exclusive territories and only carry Lenovo products.
As of July 2013, Lenovo believes that urbanization initiatives being pushed by Premier Li Keqiang will allow it to sustain sales growth in China for the foreseeable future. Speaking at Lenovo's annual general meeting in Hong Kong in 2013, Yang Yuanqing said: "I believe urbanisation will help us further increase the overall [domestic] PC market." Yang also stressed the opportunity presented by the China's relatively low penetration rate of personal computers. Lenovo previously benefited from the Chinese government's rural subsidies, part of a wider economic stimulus initiative, designed to increase purchases of appliances and electronics. That program, which Lenovo joined in 2004, ended in 2011. Lenovo enjoys consistent price premiums over its traditional competitors in rural markets and a stronger local sales and service presence.
India
Lenovo has gained significant market share in India through bulk orders to large companies and government agencies. For example, the government of Tamil Nadu ordered a million ThinkPad's from IBM/Lenovo in 2012 and single-handedly made the firm a market leader. Lenovo distributes most of the personal computers it sells in India through five national distributors such as Ingram Micro and Redington.
Given that most smartphones and tablets are sold to individuals Lenovo is pursuing a different strategy making use of many small state-centric distributors. Amar Babu, Lenovo's managing director for India, said, "To reach out to small towns and the hinterland, we have tied up with 40 regional distributors. We want our distributors to be exclusive to us. We will, in turn, ensure they have exclusive rights to distribute Lenovo products in their catchment area." As of 2013, Lenovo had about 6,000 retailers selling smartphones and tablets in India. In February 2013, Lenovo established a relationship with Reliance Communications to sell smartphones. The smartphones carried by Reliance have dual-SIM capability and support both GSM and CDMA. Babu claims that the relative under penetration of smartphones in India represents an opportunity for Lenovo.
Lenovo has assembled a team of senior managers familiar with the Indian market, launched mobile phones at all price points there, and worked on branding to build market share. As of February 2014, Lenovo claims that its sales of smartphones in India have been increasing 100% per quarter while the market is only growing 15–20% over the same period. Lenovo did marketing tests of its smartphones in November 2012 in Gujarat and some southern cities, where Lenovo already had a strong presence. Lenovo's strategy has been to create awareness, maintain a broad selection of phones at all price points, and develop distribution networks. Lenovo partnered with two national distributors and over 100 local distributors. As of February 2014, more than 7,000 retail outlets in India sold Lenovo smartphones. Lenovo has also partnered with HCL in order to set up 250 service centres in 110 cities.
In India, Lenovo grants distributors exclusive territories but allows them to sell computers from other companies. Lenovo uses its close relationships with distributors to gain market intelligence and speed up product development.
Lenovo reported a year-on-year increase of about 951% in tablet sales in India for the first quarter of 2014. Canalys, a market research firm, said Lenovo took market share away from Apple and Samsung in the country.
Africa
Lenovo first started doing business in South Africa, establishing a sales office, and then expanded to East African markets such as Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Rwanda. West Africa followed when Lenovo set-up a Nigerian legal office and then expanded to Ghana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Botswana.
According to Lenovo's general manager for Africa, Graham Braum, Lenovo's strategy is to put "great emphasis on products that sell well in Africa" and roll out "products alongside different African governments' rolling out of wireless technology". Products such as the Lenovo Yoga series are popular in Africa because of their long battery life, as many areas have unreliable electrical supply. Other popular products include the Lenovo netbooks, which were introduced in 2008.
Lenovo picked Nigeria in 2013 to release its smartphone because unlike South Africa and other African countries, there is no requirement to partner with a local telecom firm to sell its phones.
In the long term, according to Braum, "Lenovo in Africa will focus on continuing to consistently supply personal computer products and allow this market to grow, while moving into new territory such as mobile and enterprise."
Singapore
Lenovo has had a presence in Singapore as early as its foundation, and it is the location of one of its three operational centres. Registered as Lenovo (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., it is located at the New Tech Park in the Lorong Chuan district of the North-East Region of Singapore.
United States
In the United States, Lenovo began the "For Those Who Do" marketing campaign in 2010, created by the ad agency Saatchi & Saatchi. It was part of Lenovo's first-ever global branding campaign, beyond its domestic market in China. "For Those Who Do" was designed to appeal to young consumers in the 18- to 25-year-old demographic by stressing its utility to creative individuals that Lenovo's advertising refers to as "doers". Lenovo began manufacturing products in North Carolina, United States for the American market in 2013.
Goodweird
Lenovo launched a multi-year advertising campaign called "Goodweird" in the last half of 2015. Goodweird is designed to convey the idea that designs that seem strange initially often become familiar and widely accepted. The Goodweird campaign includes a video with famous images of early attempts to fly with the aid of homemade wings and a bicycle that transitions to a modern-day shot of a man soaring across mountains in a wingsuit before transitioning again to a shot of the Stealth Bomber. Lenovo worked with three agencies on Goodweird: London-based DLKW Low, We Are Social, and Blast Radius. Goodweird is part of Lenovo's wider strategy to appeal to millennials with an emphasis on design trendsetters. A portion of the funding for Goodweird is being directed to prominent YouTubers and Viners. BuzzFeed has been engaged to create relevant content.
Security and privacy incidents
Superfish
In February 2015, Lenovo became the subject of controversy for having bundled software identified as malware on some of its laptops. The software, Superfish Visual Discovery, is a web browser add-on that injects price comparison advertising into search engine results pages. To intercept HTTPS-encrypted communications, the software also installed a self-signed digital certificate. When the Superfish private key was compromised, it was also discovered that the same private key was used across all installations of the software, leaving users vulnerable to security exploits utilizing the key. Lenovo made between US$200,000 to US$250,000 on its deal with Superfish. In 2017 Lenovo agreed to pay $3.5 million as part of a settlement with the US Federal Trade Commission. and announced an apology to its customers and stock holders
The head of Superfish responded to security concerns by saying the vulnerability was "inadvertently" introduced by Komodia, which built the application. In response to the criticism, Lenovo detailed that it would cease further distribution and use of the Superfish software, and offered affected customers free six-month subscriptions to the McAfee LiveSafe software. Lenovo issued a promise to reduce the amount of "bloatware" it bundles with its Windows 10 devices, promising to only include Lenovo software, security software, drivers, and "certain applications customarily expected by users". Salon tech writer David Auerbach compared the Superfish incident to the Sony DRM rootkit scandal, and argued that "installing Superfish is one of the most irresponsible mistakes an established tech company has ever made."
Lenovo Service Engine
From October 2014 through June 2015, the UEFI firmware on certain Lenovo models had contained software known as "Lenovo Service Engine", which Lenovo says automatically sent non-identifiable system information to Lenovo the first time Windows is connected to the internet, and on laptops, automatically installs the Lenovo OneKey Optimizer program (software considered to be bloatware) as well. This process occurs even on clean installations of Windows. It was found that this program had been automatically installed using a new feature in Windows 8, Windows Platform Binary Table, which allows executable files to be stored within UEFI firmware for execution on startup, and is meant to "allow critical software to persist even when the operating system has changed or been reinstalled in a 'clean' configuration"; specifically, anti-theft security software. The software was discontinued after it was found that aspects of the software had security vulnerabilities, and did not comply with revised guidelines for appropriate usage of WPBT. On 31 July 2015, Lenovo released instructions and UEFI firmware updates meant to remove Lenovo Service Engine.
Lenovo Customer Feedback program
At a third time in 2015, criticism arose that Lenovo might have installed software that looked suspicious on their commercial Think-PC lines. This was discovered by Computerworld writer Michael Horowitz, who had purchased several Think systems with the Customer Feedback program installed, which seemed to log usage data and metrics. Further analysis by Horowitz revealed however that this was mostly harmless, as it was only logging the usage of some pre-installed Lenovo programs, and not the usage in general, and only if the user allowed the data to be collected. Horowitz also criticized other media for quoting his original article and saying that Lenovo preinstalled spyware, as he himself never used that term in this case and he also said that he does not consider the software he found to be spyware.
Lenovo Accelerator
As of June 2016, a Duo Labs report stated that Lenovo was still installing bloatware, some of which leads to security vulnerabilities as soon as the user turns on their new PC. Lenovo advised users to remove the offending app, "Lenovo Accelerator". According to Lenovo, the app, designed to "speed up the loading" of Lenovo applications, created a man-in-the-middle security vulnerability.
U.S. Marine network security breach
In February 2021, Bloomberg Business reported that U.S. investigators found in 2008 that military units in Iraq were using Lenovo laptops in which the hardware had been altered. According to a testimony from the case in 2010, "A large amount of Lenovo laptops were sold to the U.S. military that had a chip encrypted on the motherboard that would record all the data that was being inputted into that laptop and send it back to China".
See also
List of computer system manufacturers
Lists of Chinese companies
References
Further reading
External links
Official Website
Chinese brands
Chinese companies established in 1984
Companies based in Beijing
Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
Computer companies established in 1984
Computer companies of Hong Kong
Computer hardware companies
Consumer electronics brands
Display technology companies
Electronics companies established in 1984
Mobile phone manufacturers
Multinational companies headquartered in China
Netbook manufacturers
Supercomputing in China
Videotelephony
Zhongguancun | laptop Build Quality | 0.363 | 14,252 |
Compal Electronics
Compal Electronics () is a Taiwanese original design manufacturer (ODM), handling the production of notebook computers, monitors, tablets and televisions for a variety of clients around the world, including Apple Inc., Acer, Lenovo, Dell, Toshiba, Hewlett-Packard and Fujitsu. It also licenses brands of its clients.
It is the second-largest contract laptop manufacturer in the world behind Quanta Computer, and shipped over 48 million notebooks in 2010.
Overview
The company is known for producing selected models for Dell (Alienware included), Hewlett-Packard and Compaq, and Toshiba. Compal has designed and built laptops for all of the major brands as well as custom builders for over 22 years. The company is listed in Taiwan Stock Exchange. As of 2017, revenues were US$24 billion, with a total workforce of 64,000. The company's headquarters is in Taipei, Taiwan, with offices in mainland China, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States. Compal's main production facility is in Kunshan, China.
Compal is the second largest notebook manufacturer in the world, after Quanta Computers, also based in Taiwan. It is one of the main supporters of Intel's Common Building Block initiatives.
History
Compal was founded in June 1984 as a computer peripherals supplier. It went public in April 1990.
In September 2011, Compal announced it would form a joint venture with Lenovo to make laptops in China. The venture was expected to start producing laptops by the end of 2012.
In January 2015, Toshiba announced that due to intense price competition it will stop selling televisions in the USA, and will instead license the Toshiba TV brand to Compal.
In September 2018, it was revealed that due to overwhelming demand for the Apple Watch, Compal was brought on as a second contract manufacturer to produce the Apple Watch Series 4.
CCI
Compal subsidiary Compal Communications (華寶通訊, CCI) is a major manufacturer of mobile phones. The phones are produced on an ODM basis, i.e. the handsets are sold through other brands. In 2006, CCI produced 68.8 million handsets, and was the largest mobile handset ODM in the world. CCI's largest customer by far was Motorola. Year by year, Motorola's volumes have been reduced, and CCI's volumes have followed. In 2007, the volume was 48.7 million.
See also
List of companies of Taiwan
References
External links
Company website
Display technology companies
Electronics companies of Taiwan
Manufacturing companies based in Taipei
Computer companies established in 1984
Electronics companies established in 1984
1984 establishments in Taiwan
Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange
Multinational companies headquartered in Taiwan | laptop Build Quality | 0.363 | 14,253 |
IdeaCentre K series
The IdeaCentre K series desktops from Lenovo are described by the manufacturer as being gaming-oriented desktops. Typical features on the desktops include mid-range to high-end processors, discrete graphics cards, multiple hard disk drives, multiple RAM DIMMS, multiple USB ports, and multiple optical disk drives. The K Series desktops also come with a physical switch on the CPU that allows users to shift between different levels of processing power. For example, the K330 offered red for high performance, blue for moderate performance, and green for less processing- and resource-intensive tasks.
The IdeaCentre K Series desktops were originally part of the Lenovo 3000 line of products. This series consisted of budget-friendly computers – both laptops and desktops. In 2008, the Lenovo 3000 series was moved by Lenovo into its ‘Idea’ line of products. The Lenovo 3000 K100 desktop was replaced by the IdeaCentre K210. The IdeaCentre line was described as having improved in term of design, while retaining the low price that was characteristic of the Lenovo 3000 line.
2012
The IdeaCentre K Series desktop released in 2012 was the K430.
K430
The IdeaCentre K430 was introduced by Lenovo at CES 2012. The desktop, available in tower form factor, was described as being targeted at gamers, or users who needed similar levels of power. The desktop offered up to 32GB of DDR3 RAM, with storage options of a 128GB solid-state drive or up to 4TB hard disk drives. The desktop could also be optionally equipped with twin hard disks in a RAID configuration.
A differentiator from Lenovo's other mainstream desktops was the choice of either NVIDIA or AMD discrete graphics. The NVIDIA graphics on offer was the GeForce GTX660 with 2GB of video RAM. The AMD offering was the AMD Radeon HD 7750 with 2GB of video RAM.
2011
The IdeaCentre K Series desktops released in 2011 were the K320 and the K330.
K320
The IdeaCentre K320 was scheduled for launch early in 2010. Top Ten Reviews indicated that the desktop was versatile and one of their favorite desktops for home use. The basic version of the desktop was equipped with an Intel Core i3-530 2.93 GHz processor, Intel Graphics Media Accelerator integrated graphics, 4GB RAM, and a 500GB hard disk drive. The processor could be upgraded to the Intel Core i5-750 2.66 GHz processor, or an Intel Core i7. The graphics card could also be updated to NVIDIA or AMD discrete graphics – an NVIDIA GeForce G310 with 512MB of video RAM, or the ATI Hemlock HD graphics card with support for DirectX11. Hard drive capacity could be expanded to 640GB or 1TB.
K330
The IdeaCentre K330 was also released in 2011. It offered Intel Core i3-2100 3.1 GHz processors, up to 4GB RAM, up to 1TB hard disk drive, Intel HD Graphics 2000 integrated graphics, Microsoft Windows 7 Home Premium, and a dual layer DVD reader and writer. The desktop did not score well on a benchmarking test for the game Crysis. At medium detail, a resolution of 1280x720, and antialiasing turned off, the desktop was able to achieve 12fps. At 1920x1080, with antialiasing set to 4x, the fps was 1. However, despite this, PCMag said in its review that, “With lots of new technology with very few drawbacks, the Lenovo IdeaCentre K330-11691AU has all the right components and features to keep a family happy for the next 5 to 7 years.”
2009
The IdeaCentre K Series desktops launched in 2009 were the K220 and the K230.
K220
The IdeaCentre K220 was released in 2009. The desktop was equipped with Intel Core 2 Quad Q8200 2.33 GHz processors, up to 4GB RAM, a 640GB hard disk drive, an NVIDIA GeForce 9300GE discrete graphics card, a dual layer DVD reader and writer, a 21.5” LCD widescreen, and Microsoft Windows Vista Home Premium.
In its review, PCMag listed the pros of the desktop as the quad core processors at a budget price, the one touch system recovery found in the K210, the antibacterial keyboard, and tool-less design. With VeriFace facial recognition technology, users could log on to their PC using the web camera. The cons were listed as the Trend Micro Internet Security software which was available only as a 90-day trial, the Microsoft Office installation also available as a trial only, and the fact that all memory slots were full, limiting expansion.
K230
Also launched in 2009, the K230 was an upgraded version of the K220, offering up to Intel Core 2 Quad processors with speeds of 2.5 GHz, the Intel G33 Express chipset, up to 8GB RAM, a 500GB 7200RPM SATA II hard disk drive, Microsoft Windows Vista Home, and Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 3100 integrated graphics.
2008
The first IdeaCentre K Series desktop from Lenovo was the K210, released in 2008.
K210
The IdeaCentre K210 was termed as Lenovo’s “global entry into the consumer desktop market outside of China”. The desktop offered up to Intel Core 2 Quad processors, up to 3GB of DDR2 RAM, Intel GMA X3100 integrated graphics – or a 512MB ATI Radeon HD 2600 XT – Gigabit Ethernet, a 16-in-1 multicard reader and an anti-microbial keyboard. The desktop also included VeriFace facial recognition technology. This allowed users to log into their computers by looking into the web camera.
Additional features on the desktop included an anti-microbial keyboard and Bright Vision, which detects a user’s distance from the monitor and adjusts brightness accordingly. The desktop was equipped with up to Intel Core 2 Quad Processors, Intel GMA 3100 integrated graphics, Blu-ray HD-DVD combo with support for home theater, and high definition 5.1 audio.
PCMag praised the desktop for its one-touch system recovery feature, keyboard, and design which allowed access to internal component without the need for tools. The cons of the desktop were listed as the lack of multiple expansion slots – only one standard PCI expansion slot was available.
References
External links
IdeaCentre K Series from Lenovo
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PowerBook 1400
The PowerBook 1400 is a notebook computer that was designed and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. (now Apple Inc.) from 1996 to 1998 as part of their PowerBook series of Macintosh computers. Introduced in October 1996 at a starting price of $2,499, it was the first new PowerBook after the controversial PowerBook 5300. After the introduction of the more powerful PowerBook 3400 in February 1997, the 1400 took on the role of Apple's entry level notebook and remained there until its discontinuation in May 1998. Its successor, the PowerBook G3 Series (i.e. - "Wallstreet"/"Mainstreet") would ultimately go on to replace and consolidate not only the 1400, but the 2400 and 3400 as well.
Throughout its 18 months on the market, the PowerBook 1400 was available in a number of different configurations. It was originally released with a 117 MHz PowerPC 603e processor; a 133 MHz processor was added in July 1997, and the line topped out with a 166 MHz processor the following December. Each version was available as either a "c" or a "cs" model, differentiated largely by type of LCD technology used. While both models came with 11.3" color displays with 800 x 600 resolution, the pricier 1400c came equipped with an active matrix display and the 1400cs came with a less expensive passive matrix, dual-scan display.
The optional 6x CD-ROM is implemented using a sleep-swappable module system similar to the one pioneered by the PowerBook 5300; other modules include a Zip drive and the standard 1.4 MB floppy (an 8x CD-ROM would eventually become standard on the 133 MHz model). A pioneering feature of the 1400 is the "BookCover" laptop skin which allows owners the opportunity to give their PowerBook a customized look. Every 1400 shipped with a gray cover, a clear cover, and six inserts; a ClarisWorks template was also included as an "extra" on the system restore CD, from which users could design their own BookCover. The 1400 was easily upgradeable. System memory modules can be "piggy-backed" onto each other (another feature unique to the 1400), allowing the use of additional RAM. The CPU is located on a removable daughter card, which can be replaced with one containing a faster processor, including a number of commercially available cards with PowerPC G3 processors from vendors such as Sonnet Technologies, NewerTech, and Vimage. Aside from its two PC Card slots, the 1400 also included an internal expansion slot. Although few applications were ever developed to utilize it, Apple did release their own branded video card which included an increased amount of VRAM and an external video port. Other devices included a third-party video card, as well as a relatively rare Ethernet networking card.
There are several well-known issues concerning the PowerBook 1400. Like all other PowerBooks prior to the PowerBook G4, the drive controller used in the 1400 is incompatible with ATA-6 hard drives. Compatibility issues could also arise with hard drives larger than 8.2 GB, resolvable by partitioning the boot drive to less than 8.2 GB or by using Mac OS 8.6 or later. Additionally, unlike all Apple notebooks to come after it, the 1400 would not boot from a CD by holding down the "C" key while starting the machine; the only workarounds for this were selecting the CD in the Startup Disk control panel before rebooting, or pressing the Command-Opt-Shift-Del keys.
According to Low End Mac the 117 MHz model is a "compromised Mac" due to the lack of a level 2 cache.
Specifications
References
External links
Apple-history.com: 1400 series specs
Lowendmac.com: 1400 series specs
1400c
PowerPC Macintosh computers
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Enthusiast computing
Enthusiast computing refers to a sub-culture of personal computer users who focus on extremely high-end computers. Manufacturers of performance-oriented parts typically include an enthusiast model in their offerings. Enthusiast computers (often referred to as a "box", "build", or "rig" by their owners) commonly feature extravagant cases and high-end components, and are sometimes liquid cooled.
Although high-end computers may be bought retail in the same manner as the common computer, they are frequently assembled by their owners. Enthusiasts assemble their systems to simply enjoy the best images and effects a new PC game has to offer, to design an aesthetically pleasing PC, or even simply to obtain the best possible performance at a variety of tasks.
Influence of gaming
Games have historically been the driving force behind the rapid pace of consumer hardware development. For example, The 7th Guest and Myst helped drive the adoption of CD-ROMs. Intel and AMD both incorporated instruction sets such as MMX, 3DNow!, and Streaming SIMD Extensions into their processors to support the PC's growing role as a home entertainment device.
More recently, however, other types of applications have piqued the interest of computing enthusiasts. Scientific distributed computing tools such as Folding@home, GIMPS, and SETI@home, along with other computationally intensive tasks, including cryptocurrency mining, may also push CPUs and GPUs to their limits, and may also serve as a means of competition, such as tracking how many data sets a user has completed.
Cost
An enthusiast PC implies the early adoption of new hardware, which is sold at a premium price. As an example, the video card ATI Radeon 9700 Pro was released at US$399 in 2002. Many gaming PCs support the use of multiple video cards in SLI or CrossFire, making it possible to spend thousands of dollars in graphics cards alone.
Beyond a certain level of performance, price increases dramatically while offering smaller increases in performance; this is a classic example of diminishing returns. For example, a user who purchased three Nvidia Titan X graphics cards in 2015 would have spent over $4000, while 2016's high-end graphics card offering from Nvidia, the GTX 1080, in three-way SLI would offer a significant increase in performance at less than half the price.
Hardware description
Case, power supply, cooling, and other case accessories
As well as the computing components themselves, case and related accessories often form a target for enthusiast attention, for functional and aesthetic reasons.
Computer cases, especially of gaming computers, are often selected with care, for their aesthetic and functional value. Functionally, the case must be able to provide cooling for high-end, possibly overclocked components, and have room for expansion and customization. Aesthetically, case modding usually includes features that show off the creator's intent: clear sides to reveal the internal components and layout, which may be adorned with LEDs, images on the graphics cards or power supply units.
Computer power supplies may be selected for very high quality electrical stability and performance, so that the high speed electronics reliant on them will not suffer from irregularities or disruption, and so that high power processors and graphics cards can be properly supplied with the often high levels of current needed. Power supply reviews for enthusiasts may, for example, take apart the item to identify the exact manufacturers of components, the types and sources of capacitors or power regulation circuitry involved, the quality of PCB soldering, and the calibre of any wiring.
Cooling systems may receive careful attention, both to ensure high quality airflow and reduced operating temperatures under heavy workloads or intense activity, to support overclocking, and as part of quiet computing as well.
Water cooling, in which a water is used to cool a part of the computer, is becoming cheaper and more available. While much more expensive than an ordinary fan, it transfers heat more efficiently and is generally quieter. As building a computer becomes more of an enthusiast activity, due to the rise of tablets, laptops, and cell phones, more cases appeal to water cooling setups.
Quiet computing is a specialist aspect of enthusiast activity, whereby the user aims to ensure the computer runs very quietly, with the goal of enjoyable ambience. Fans, hard drives, and any other noisy components may be selected for their acoustic properties, and then mounted in ways that dampen vibration and provide acoustic isolation.
Motherboard
The motherboard is the circuit board to which nearly all components and peripherals are connected to. It also houses the externally-accessible USB, Ethernet, audio, and display ports, which can be used to connect different peripherals. Every hardware component is connected to the motherboard in some way. Storage drives connect to a motherboard's SATA or M.2 ports and sometimes receive power directly from the motherboard. Video cards are typically seated in a PCIe slot in the motherboard, and receive up to 75 watts of power from it. In modern systems, the power supply typically has a 24-pin cable that plugs directly into the motherboard. The CPU is seated in the CPU tray, and is connected by the motherboard to PCIe lanes, which in turn connect the processor to other hardware components. All case fans and coolers connect to headers on the motherboard, as do the case's LED, reset, and power button cables, and RAM is seated in the motherboard's DIMM slots. Motherboards' compatibility with other components is determined primarily by its CPU socket type, which must be compatible with the processor intended for use, and its chipset.
Central processing unit
The CPU is mainly responsible for computing physics, AI and central game processes. Modern gaming PCs use high-end processors. With the rise of multi-threaded games, multi-core processor setups have become more necessary, providing better performance by offloading work to all available cores at once. Furthermore, an ample amount of L2 Cache within the CPU, generally 4 MB or more, is recommended to reap the benefits of even faster game performance. In addition, a gaming processor should be capable of running at least the SSE3 instruction set extension, which is available with CPUs produced since at least 2006.
Graphics
Gaming PCs use hardware accelerated video cards which offer high-end rasterisation-based rendering/image quality. A graphics card is the most important component, being the main determining factor of the capabilities of a gaming PC. Memory capacity on 3D cards is usually at least 256 MB to 12 GB. The amount of video RAM is more important while gaming in higher resolution or using high resolution textures, and/or with extensive modding. Having at least 2GB to 4GB of VRAM or more is suggested for today's standards when gaming. The type of memory used, however, is an important factor. The current VRAM standards are GDDR5, GDDR5X, GDDR6, GDDR6X and HBM2. VRAM standards meaning the type of memory used in the cards manufacturing. GDDR5 and GDDR6 are generations of GDDR, whereas the GDDR5x and 6x variants denote a speed increase over their non-x counterparts. HBM2 memory is generally slower however it comes with the benefit of having massive capacities. Modern graphics cards use the PCI Express expansion slot. Two or more graphics cards can be used simultaneously on motherboards supporting SLI or ATI CrossFire technology, for Nvidia and AMD based cards respectively. Both technologies allow for between two and four graphics cards, although Nvidia recommends only using multiples of the same model, to be used in unison to process and render an image. However, the technologies that allowed for the use of multiple graphics cards in tandem have largely been phased out. As of 2021, only Nvidia's SLI remains and at that, only on their top-of-the-line model, the RTX 3090. The decline of these technologies are largely due to the decrease in support for multiple cards in applications and indeed, games, as well as the decrease in returns on investment, or in other words, consumers were paying a heavy premium for little to no improvement, or in some cases, even performance decrease.
A high-end graphics card will also use more electricity, or have a higher power draw, than a lower-end card. This power draw only increases as the number of graphics cards increases, adding another cost to a high-end computer. Overclocking a graphics card, or multiple, also adds additional power draw. However, as the number of graphics cards increases, the performance gains by adding another graphics card decreases significantly due to the complexity of more than two GPUs communicating to each other in an efficient way. This is another example of depreciating returns.
Memory
Random access memory, or RAM, acts as a cache for non-graphical resources that games use. Enthusiasts will often purchase the fastest RAM, which has a lower latency, thus offering negligible performance increases in most cases. For gaming, a higher frequency of memory than would be necessary for an average computer user can offer some benefits. This has led to certain motherboards supporting RAM overclocking, with the new XMP standard. As RAM frequency is increased, however, the stability of the system decreases, increasing the risk of random computer shutdowns.
8 GB is usually the recommended amount of memory for gaming computers, as some 64-bit games can use over 4 GB of RAM. Most gaming PCs as of the early 2020s have at least 8 GB of RAM.
While 16 GB of RAM is often considered a sweet spot for gaming, 32 GB of RAM is increasingly used for future-proofing.
The current maximum amount supported on consumer hardware is 128 GB (for quad-channel configuration), with 8 slots on some LGA 2066 motherboards, each slot supporting up to a 16 GB DIMM.
Storage
In gaming PCs, it is desirable to have fast hard drives, which will generally result in shorter loading times in games. For this reason, some gaming PCs use certain RAID setups to lower latency and increase throughput to mass storage. Since the space taken up by games is nominal compared to the total availability on modern hard drives, speed is preferred over capacity.
Recently, solid-state drives have become popular, which offer significantly higher speeds than mechanical hard drives. Though originally more expensive, prices have significantly dropped. The performance of SSDs is now considered a minimum, and some consider them necessary even in budget PCs.
Currently NVMe drives have become the standard for fast storage. These drives connect straight into the motherboard, allowing for extremely fast data read and write speed. These drives are very fast and most NVME PCIe drives easily pass the speed of SATA and M.2 SSDs.
Audio
While sound hardware is usually integrated onto modern gaming motherboards, gaming PCs can also be equipped with a dedicated sound card and speakers in a 5.1 or 7.1 surround sound configuration. A speaker setup or a set of quality headphones is required to enjoy the advanced sound found in most modern computer games. Sound cards have hardware accelerated technologies, such as EAX. The Sound Blaster X-Fi, with its Fatal1ty editions having 64 MB of onboard RAM (unmatched for a sound card), targets enthusiasts as its main demographic, having a dedicated "gaming mode".
However, sound cards have largely died out in popularity due to more motherboards supporting onboard audio that is perfectly acceptable for most use cases. The decline of sound cards started with the introduction of the new millennia. From 2000-2007 the market for these cards collapsed 80%, greater than the financial decline during the same period.
Peripherals
Display
A fast response time and high refresh rate is desired in order to display smooth motion. A framerate of 60 frames per second (FPS) is generally the minimum acceptable framerate in a video game for enthusiasts, with some enthusiasts preferring 144 FPS or in some cases 165 FPS, to match the refresh rate of their monitor (144 Hz or 165 Hz, respectively). Some gaming monitors can be overclocked to achieve higher refresh rates. Gaming with multiple monitors is possible, but this is not a feature supported by all games. Many players game using three monitors, which increases the load on the graphics card threefold.
Some monitors are designed exclusively for gamers, featuring higher refresh rates and improved response times at the expense of a lower resolution. E-sports, or competitive gamers, often favor higher framerates at the expense of reduced color accuracy, preferring TN panels over IPS panels.
Interface
There are many hardware interfaces designed specifically for gaming. Such interfaces include keyboards and mice built for gaming (these typically include additional keys or buttons for game-related functions as well as LCD screens, higher sensitivity (for mice), lower input latency, higher durability (structural and more switch actuations before breaking), better adherence (for keyboards and mice) and less/more friction depending on the user's needs), joysticks, gamepads, steering wheels, PC-compatible airplane gauges and panels, etc. A keyboard and mouse is the preferred control method for most games, giving the best speed and accuracy. Touch screens are rarely used for PC gaming at this point. "Haptic feedback" commonly known as force feedback, allows for greater immersion in games played. While there are no keyboards that support haptic feedback, some mice and most forms of game controllers do.
Networking
While typical computers, including high-end systems, tend to use wireless connections to connect to other computers as well as a router, gaming PCs often use Ethernet cables for the fastest and most reliable connection possible. Some companies sell dedicated network cards to reduce lag in multiplayer games. A dial-up Internet connection is not an acceptable solution due to the very high latency (~400ms is common). Mobile broadband connections can also cause the same undesirable effects as dial-up connections, but can be considered less substantial, with latency of or exceeding 150ms, less than 100ms being desirable in a first-person shooter.
Performance and benchmarks
As a general guideline, enthusiast PCs must achieve high scores on 3D benchmarks such as 3DMark when first built or upgraded. Enthusiasts who understand how to overclock sometimes do so to prolong the usefulness of their hardware. The highest results are always achieved by overclocking.
However, synthetic benchmark results rarely equate to real application performance, as measured by framerate. The framerate is measured in frames per second, which refers to the number of times the video card recalculates the image shown on screen. While framerates above 60 FPS (standard NTSC framerate) become increasingly difficult to distinguish with the human eye, enthusiast PCs with a multi-video card setup often boast framerates in excess of 100 FPS. To maintain a challenge, the standard for comparison is constantly refreshed with new games and higher detail settings.
Overclocking
Overclocking is used by enthusiasts to achieve component or system performance that exceeds the manufacturer's officially stated specification. Overclocking is a significant part of enthusiast culture, with popular and widely respected websites such as Anandtech and Tom's Hardware often including overclocking as part of a review. Hardware manufacturers release high-end components that facilitate overclocking. Examples include CPUs with unlocked multipliers, oversized heatsinks or water cooling, and motherboards with user-configurable voltages and incremental bus speeds. "Professional" overclockers commonly overclock only one core of processors, typically older AMD CPUs, to obtain CPU speeds well beyond the ability of the official configuration.
Some system builders and part manufacturers now offer factory overclocking, which is covered under warranty. Alternatively a manufacturer or user may seek individual components that overclock, in order to buy a cheaper product that will prove to run to a higher quality product's standard.
Risks
There are significant hazards to be aware of when overclocking a computer. At a mundane level some components will not work under too high a demand, and the computer will not work until overclocking is reduced or disabled entirely. More seriously, some components may be damaged or destroyed by increased heat or voltages routinely caused by overclocking if the user is reckless or uninformed, and therefore caution and some level of prior understanding is needed.
In particular, overclocked CPUs (central processing units) generally run hotter than normal, and components such as CPUs, memory controllers, graphics cards and RAM may require higher voltages to produce higher performance. The higher voltage results in increased heat and can stress the electrical channels of the components. This can cause damage, degradation, or critical failure.
Benefits
While most components usually see marginal or barely perceptible benefits, CPUs see much larger performance improvements, especially when using a high-end cooling solution. However, CPUs are also the most complex component to overlock, making it significantly harder for newcomers and beginners to achieve good results.
GPUs (Graphics processing units) on the other hand, while able to be overclocked, rarely see significant performance gains, while results can be wildly inconsistent. "The Silicon lottery" is a term used by overclocking enthusiasts to describe components that turned out better during the manufacturing process, therefore making them more durable (less commonly, this can also be the case with CPUs), capable of handling the pressure of overclocking better, resulting in more overclocking headroom. GPUs are the most popular component to overclock despite downsides.
In terms of complexity, RAM (Random-access memory) is closely tied with CPUs, but performance gains are not as significant. In particular, DDR4 SDRAM is more prominent compared to its predecessors DDR3 and DDR2. However, even though higher speeds aren't usually very noticeable in most applications there are a few scenarios where overclocking RAM is legitimately important. One such scenario is with AMD Accelerated Processing Units where the CPU and GPU are combined in one chip, meaning they have to share memory resources. Typically, a GPU has its own RAM that is much faster than desktop DDR3 or DDR4 SDRAM, but with an APU it has to work with slower desktop RAM. In this particular scenario, overclocking RAM is highly recommended, giving meaningful performance increases.
See also
Homebuilt computer
Portable desktop
Overclocking
PC Master Race
Streamer
SFF Enthusiast
References
Personal computing | laptop Build Quality | 0.362 | 14,256 |
Lenovo Yoga
Lenovo Yoga (stylized as Lenovo YOGA or simply YOGΛ) is a line of consumer-oriented laptop computers and tablets designed, developed and marketed by Lenovo, named for their ability to assume multiple form factors due to a hinged screen.
2012
Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 13
The Yoga 13's capacitive touch display allows for up to 10-point touch control. The Yoga 13 is powered by an Intel Chief River platform, using an Ivy Bridge processor, has 4 GB or 8 GB of RAM, and SSD with 128 GB or 256 GB. The battery life of the Yoga 13 is estimated to be around eight hours. After testing the Yoga 13's battery life, TechRadar said, "Our only real concern is that the battery life is squarely average. In our Battery Eater test, which maxes out the system until the battery dies, we only clocked 177 minutes, which is short of the 200-minute gold standard. This said, in normal day-to-day usage, we experienced closer to six to eight hours of life, depending on the screen brightness and CPU saturation."
The Yoga 13 makes use of a 13.3-inch display with a resolution of 1600 × 900. The display uses an IPS panel in order to provide wide viewing angles and maintain the thin profile of the Yoga 13. The Yoga 13 has 720p front-facing webcam. It has one USB 3.0 port and one USB 2.0 port, an HDMI output, a memory card reader, and a combo jack for audio input and output.
The 13-inch Yoga was released by Lenovo on 26 October 2012. Best Buy released an alternative version of the Yoga 13 with an Intel Core i5 processor (vs. Lenovo's base model's i3 processor) and no Microsoft Office (whereas Lenovo's base model includes Microsoft Office). Its smaller cousin, Yoga 11, which runs Windows RT (as opposed to the Yoga 13, running Windows 8), was released in December 2012.
Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11
The Yoga 11 is powered by a quad-core Nvidia Tegra 3 that runs at a maximum clockspeed of 1.3 GHz and features an integrated graphics processor. The Tegra 3 is also found in numerous Android-based tablets. 2 GB of RAM comes standard. This relatively small amount of RAM is sufficient due to the reduced memory requirements of Windows RT applications. The Yoga 11 was sold with solid state drives in 32 GB and 64 GB capacities. The Yoga 11 ran the Windows RT operating system. Microsoft Office 2013 ships pre-installed. Like all Windows RT devices, the Yoga 11 cannot run software designed for earlier versions of Windows, only apps designed for the new Metro interface are compatible.
The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11 was released in late 2012. It was discontinued on July 17, 2013 due to the poor sales of Windows RT devices.
2013
ThinkPad Yoga
The ThinkPad Yoga has a "backlit" keyboard that flattens when flipped into tablet mode. This is accomplished with a platform surrounding the keys rises until level with the keyboard buttons, a locking mechanism that prevents key presses, and feet that pop out to prevent the keyboard from directly resting on flat surfaces. Lenovo implemented this design in response to complaints about its earlier Yoga 13 and 11 models being awkward to use in tablet mode. A reinforced hinge was required to implement this design. Other than its convertible form factor, the ThinkPad Yoga is a rather standard ThinkPad device with a black magnesium-reinforced chassis, island keyboard, a red TrackPoint, and a large buttonless touchpad. The first model was powered by Haswell processors from Intel, and SATA-based SSD or hard drives were both options on this model.
It has a 12.5-inch IPS touchscreen with 1080p resolution. The screen was designed for use with an optional pen-style digitizer.
Lenovo Yoga 2 11
The Lenovo Yoga 2 11 is an Ultrabook-class convertible device that can be used as both a tablet and laptop computer. The Yoga 2 11 is thinner than the Yoga 11 and has tapered edges giving it an appearance more like a conventional Ultrabook laptop vs the earlier model's pleasing "book-like" symmetrical design. The Yoga 2 11 has a subtle rubber trim around the edge of its top half in order to prevent slipping on hard surfaces when in tent mode.
Lenovo Yoga 2 Pro
The Yoga 2 Pro is an Ultrabook-class device. It weighs 3.1 pounds, is 0.61 inch thick and has tapered edges, giving it an appearance more like a conventional ultrabook laptop vs the earlier model's "book-like" symmetrical design. The Yoga 2 Pro features a 360-Degree Flip-and-Fold design that encompasses four modes—laptop, stand, tablet, and tent mode and has a subtle rubber trim around the edge of its top half in order to prevent slipping on hard surfaces when in tent mode. It comes with a backlit AccuType keyboard and features stereo speakers with Dolby Home Theater. Unlike earlier Yoga products, the home button has a touch-key on the bottom center of the display. Lenovo moved the power button away from the front and to the side in order to prevent accidental key presses.
The base model has an Intel Core i3 4010U, 4 gigabytes of RAM, and a 128-gigabyte solid state drive with configurations up to an Intel Core i7 4500U, 8 gigabytes of RAM, and a 512-gigabyte solid-state drive. The 13.3-inch screen uses in-plane switching (IPS) technology, has a high resolution QHD+ (3200×1800) 10-point multitouch display, and a brightness of 350 nits. The Yoga 2 Pro has Intel Wireless Display technology in order to conform to the Ultrabook specification. It has ports for USB 3.0, USB 2.0, micro-HDMI, a 2-in-1 card reader, and a combination audio input-output jack. Lenovo claimed a battery life of up to nine hours.
IdeaPad Yoga 11S
The IdeaPad Yoga 11S is a compact ultralight hybrid notebook-tablet computer released in 2013. The Yoga 11S runs the full version of Microsoft's Windows 8 operating system.
2014
Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga Tablet
The IdeaPad Yoga Tablet is an Android tablet with a multi-mode device with a rear kickstand designed to allow it to be placed upright for viewing videos and other media or tilted for easier text entry. The Yoga Tablet has a round battery that can last as long as 18 hours. It comes in models with 10-inch and 8-inch screens. Internal storage varies from 16 gigabytes to 32 gigabytes.
An upgraded version was added in February 2014, called Lenovo Yoga Tablet 10 HD+, which featured a full HD display and a Qualcomm Snapdragon processor. In addition the third-generation pro has a built-in projector.
Lenovo Yoga 3
The Yoga 3 comes in versions with 11.6-inch and 14-inch screens, both with 1080p resolution. The screens can rotate 360 degrees for use as a laptop or tablet. The Yoga 3 can also be placed in "tent mode" where it acts as a stand for itself while hiding its keyboard for activities like watching movies. It uses an Intel Core M processor. The 14-inch model is offered with Core i5 and Core i7 versions. Both models can accommodate up to 8 gigabytes of memory. Configurations with up to 500 gigabytes of SSD capacity are available.
Lenovo Yoga 3 Pro
The Yoga 3 Pro is thin Broadwell-based 13.3-inch touchscreen laptop with a hinge that allows for use as a tablet and other configurations. It uses Intel Core M processors and comes standard with solid-state drives. Its screen has 3200 pixel by 1800 pixel resolution and is multitouch capable. It is 13 millimeters thick. The Yoga 3 Pro's hinge differs significantly from the Yoga 2 Pro. The new all-metal hinge is referred to by Lenovo as a "watchband". It is much less bulky and forms a continuous curved shape from the chassis of the laptop to the bottom of the screen. It has six mounting points as opposed to two for a more solid feel and structural strength.
In a review for PC World, Elias Plastiras wrote, "It's super-light and easy to handle as a laptop and as a tablet, and it feels good to type on for long periods of time. Basically, as far as user comfort is concerned, it's excellent. That said, it does have some issues. It can tend to get noticeably warm when you're streaming video or performing other tasks that make plenty of use of the CPU and Wi-Fi adapter, and the battery life is also not great, primarily due to the large screen resolution that needs a lot of power to be bright."
2015
Yoga Tablet 2 with AnyPen
The Yoga Tablet 2 with AnyPen is a Windows-based tablet computer with an 8-inch 1080p display. It weighs .43 kg and Lenovo claims it has a battery life of 15 hours. Lenovo's AnyPen technology allows the use of pencils, ballpoint pens, and other traditional writing instruments to write on the screen like a stylus. The Yoga Tablet 2 was released in January 2015.
Yoga 300
The Yoga 300 is a basic convertible Ultrabook-class device. In some countries, it is renamed as Flex 3. The yoga 300 is a budget version for Yoga class. It became the most affordable Yoga Series. With only 11.6 inch display, it is also known as the smallest Yoga laptop but it is quite heavy with 1.39 kilograms of weight. It uses Intel Celeron processors, integrated graphics, 500-gigabyte hard drive or a 1-terabyte hard drive, and up to 8 gigabytes of RAM. It uses a 30 watt-hour battery which can stand until 5 hours. For connectivity, it has one USB 3.0 port, two USB 2.0 ports, one full-sized HDMI port. This device has High Definition display with 1366×768 pixel.
Yoga 500
Yoga 700
Yoga 900
Like other Yoga laptops, the Yoga 900 is a fully convertible Ultrabook-class device. The Yoga 900 is the replacement for the Yoga 3 Pro. It was designed to improve upon problems with overheating and battery life. It uses Core i5 and i7 Skylake-class processors from Intel, integrated graphics, 256-gigabyte or 512-gigabyte solid state drives, and up to 16 gigabytes of RAM. It runs on a 66 watt-hour battery. It is somewhat heavier and thicker than the Yoga 3 Pro at 1.29 kilograms of weight and 14.9 millimeters in thickness. One USB 3.0 Type-C port (a predecessor of USB 3.1, featuring lower power delivery and data rates) and a USB 2.0 port are included; but the device cannot be charged by USB-C.
The device has a 3200×1800 pixel display. Unlike its successor Yoga 910, it features programmer-friendly PgUp/PgDown/Pos1/End keys. The Business Edition version of the Lenovo Yoga 900 is primarily differentiated from the standard model through its implementation of enterprise-grade security via a Trusted Platform Module chip and accompanying security software.
Business Edition
The Business Edition version of the Yoga 900 is primarily differentiated from the standard model through its implementation of enterprise grade security via a Trusted Platform Module chip and accompanying security software.
2016
Yoga Book
The Yoga Book is a compact hybrid tablet designed similarly to the Yoga laptops that is available in both Android Marshmallow and Windows 10 Home versions. Featuring the same "watchband hinge" as the Yoga 3 Pro, the major difference is that the traditional mechanical keyboard is replaced with a pressure-sensitive "Create Pad" that responds to an active stylus with 2,048 levels of pressure and a backlit, touch-sensitive "Halo Keyboard" with haptic feedback. The device is powered by an Intel Atom x5 processor and has a 10.1-inch full HD screen, 4 GB of RAM, and 64 GB of internal storage with microSD card expansion support, Dolby Atmos stereo speakers, and optional 4G LTE. It became available for sale in September 2016.
Yoga 710
Lenovo announced the Yoga 710 at the Mobile World Congress in 2016. The Yoga 710 comes in versions with 11-inch and 14-inch displays. The 11-inch version uses Intel Core M low-power processors,weighing just 2.35 lbs and 0.58 inches thin, has 8 gigabytes of memory, and includes a solid-state drive with a capacity up to 256 gigabytes. The same processor is used in Apple's 12-inch MacBook. The 14-inch version uses standard Intel Core i5 and Core i7 processors and optional Nvidia GeForce 940M or 940MX graphics processors. Both versions use 1080p IPS screens.
Yoga 510
The Yoga 510 uses the same Intel Core i5 and Core i7 processors as the 14-inch version of the Yoga 710. It can also use AMD A9 processors. It comes in versions with 14-inch and 15-inch IPS displays with 1080p resolution. The 510 is called the Flex 4 in the United States.
2017
Yoga 920
Released fall 2017 the Yoga 920 was the direct successor of the Yoga 2/3 Pro, Yoga 900 and Yoga 910 laptops.
2018
Yoga 530
Released in early 2018, Yoga 530 is available on both Intel and AMD configuration.
Yoga C930
Released fall 2018, Yoga C930 is the successor the Yoga 920. The previous "watchband" hinge design has been replaced by a new hinge design with integrated speakers that face the user in both tablet and laptop mode.
Yoga Book C930
Released fall 2018, Yoga Book C930 is a 2-in-1 laptop with two screens, which replaced the traditional keyboard with an e-ink screen which functions as a keyboard, touchpad, or writer and reader tablet.
2019
Yoga C640
This is the lower-tier laptop of the YOGA middle-class range (YOGA 600 series and 700 series). It has a 13.3" FHD IPS Display, and Intel's 10th generation Core processors. The design of the laptop incorporates speakers into the sides of the keyboard
Yoga C740
This model of laptop features a 13.9" screen, with the option to add a 4K resolution panel instead of 1080p. Also featuring Intel 10th gen processors, it is one step down from the C940, the flagship of this series.
Yoga C940
The Yoga C940 is the flagship of this series. Expanding on the C930's soundbar hinge, this model enlarges it and allows a single-hinge system, which enriches audio quality. Equipped with a 60WhR battery like last year's model allows you to expect a battery life of up to 17h on the 1080p model and 10h on the 4K model.
2020
Yoga 9i
Lenovo 9i comes in both 14-inch and 15-inch display size, The weight is 2 kg. It includes 10th-Gen processors up to the Core i9 HK Series, two Thunderbolt 3 ports, and a GPU up to Nvidia’s GTX 1650 Ti with Max-Q design.
2021
Yoga Slim 7
The Yoga Slim 7 features AMD's Ryzen 4000 mobile processor, with a weight of 1.4kg and a battery life of up to 14 hours.
Known issues
Many users have discovered that a Linux operating system including the 900 ISK2, 900 ISK for business and 710. The reason that Linux cannot be installed is that Lenovo have implemented the solid state drive (SSD) on these models in RAID mode rather than the more usual AHCI. RAID mode requires additional drivers from Intel that are provided with Windows (version 7 and later) but not currently provided with Linux.
Intel recommends that all new motherboards using Intel chips should be configured using RAID even for a single disc, since this avoids problems when upgrading an AHCI configuration to multiple RAID drives later. This industry standard applies to laptops, even though they don't directly benefit with only one drive. Lenovo have followed this standard to limit the number of issues that might need troubleshooting. Although it is theoretically possible to change the mode to AHCI using a suitably programmed bootable USB stick, it is not wise to attempt it because the affected models check the UEFI configuration at startup and will detect the change and refuse to boot.
This inability to change to AHCI means that without RAID drivers, either in the system itself and on the installation media, Linux cannot be installed.
Other products are equally affected. Windows 10 itself cannot be clean installed because the bootable installation media lacks the RAID drivers (the installation would have them but it is the installer itself that lacks them). Rescue media built by the 'Backup and Restore' utility cannot restore the backed-up image to the SSD drive because it cannot see it. Even third-party disc imaging utilities such as Acronis True Image lack RAID drivers in the rescue media which are generally based on a Linux system. The RAID drivers can be injected into the boot image on USB stick rescue media (though not on DVD-based media).
In October 2016, Lenovo released 'LINUX only' versions of the BIOS for some of the affected machines. This BIOS adds the ability to switch the drive mode into AHCI. Lenovo states that these BIOSes should not be used for Windows operating systems (obviously as they prefer most users to remain on the industry supported bios, unless they have a reason not to.)
Users have also reported multiple problems with hinges becoming misaligned and damaging the screen. Lenovo customer support has been heavily criticised for refusal to repair this apparent design flaw under standard, enhanced or accidental damage warranties.
See also
Lenovo Ideapad
Lenovo ThinkPad (ThinkPad Yoga)
References
Yoga
Consumer electronics brands
Computer-related introductions in 2012 | laptop Build Quality | 0.361 | 14,257 |
ThinkPad X1 series
The ThinkPad X1 series is a line of high-end ThinkPad laptops and tablets produced by Lenovo.
The current model list contains six lines of machines:
X1 Carbon - mainstream premium 14-inch model
X1 Yoga - the convertible 14-inch version
X1 Titanium Yoga - a convertible 13.5-inch version with titanium body
X1 Extreme - 15-inch advanced ultra-light premium laptop; the same model with a Quadro GPU known as ThinkPad P1
X1 Nano - a 13.3-inch version - lightest thinkpad model
X1 Fold - the first foldable personal computer
Launch
The first laptop with X1 branding was the ThinkPad X1 - the 13-inch sub-compact model, the thinnest and fastest charging business laptop at the time. Instead of previous 13-inch X Series models (X300 and X301), they have only one RAM slot and only one storage slot.
In early August 2012, Lenovo released the ThinkPad X1 Carbon as the 14-inch successor to the earlier ThinkPad X1. The X1 Carbon was first released in China due to the popularity of ThinkPads in that market. In November 2012, Lenovo announced a touch-screen variant called the ThinkPad X1 Carbon Touch designed for use with Windows 8. Its display makes use of multi-touch technology that can detect simultaneous inputs from up to ten fingers. On the performance of the X1 Carbon Touch's SSD, Engadget states, "The machine boots into the [s]tart screen in 11 seconds, which is pretty typical for a Windows 8 machine with specs like these. We also found that the solid-state drive delivers equally strong read and write speeds (551 MB/s and 518 MB/s, respectively), which we noticed the last time we tested an Ultrabook with an Intel SSD."
Models
2011 - 0th generation
X1
An addition to the lightweight X series, weighing between 1.36 kg to 1.72 kg depending on configuration. It was the thinnest ThinkPad laptop to date at 16.5 (front) and 21.5 mm (rear). The screen is a LED-backlit HD infinity panel with (WXGA) resolution. Base configuration uses an Intel Sandy Bridge 2.5 GHz Core i5-2520M (up to 3.20 GHz) with 4 GiB of RAM (up to 8 GiB), SATA SSD or hard drive, Intel Integrated HD Graphics, USB 3.0, backlit keyboard, 802.11 b/g/n WiFi and an average of eight hours of battery life. The battery is internal and not removable, and there is no optical drive.
The ThinkPad X1 laptop was released by Lenovo in May 2011. Notebook Review offered a positive opinion of the ThinkPad X1, saying that it was, "A powerful notebook that combines the durability and features of a business-class ThinkPad with the style of a consumer laptop." A 13.3-inch X1 ThinkPad was announced to be available in the UK on June 7, 2011.
The specifications of the ThinkPad X1 laptop are given below:
Processor: Up to Intel Core i7-2620M (2× 2.70GHz, 4MB L3)
Memory: Up to 8GiB DDR3 1333MT/s (1 slot)
Graphics: Intel HD Graphics 3000
Storage: 1 × SATA 6Gbit/s (320GB 7200RPM HDD, or an SSD, ranging from 128GiB to 160GiB)
Battery: Up to 5.2 hours. This could be extended further to 10 hours with a slice battery.
2012 - 1st generation
X1 Carbon
The X1 Carbon features a solid-state drive (SSD) instead of a hard drive. The base model has 4GiB of memory, an Intel Core i5-3317U processor, and a 128GiB SSD. The most expensive model has an Intel Core i7 processor and a 256GiB SSD. The X1 Carbon requires the use of a dongle to access wired ethernet and some models include 3G or 4G cellular modems.
The base model X1 Carbon has a TN screen with a resolution of 1600 by 900 pixels. The X1 Carbon weighs and measures by by (at its thickest). The X1 Carbon's roll cage is made of light-weight carbon-fiber and has a matte black finish.
In November 2012, Lenovo announced a touch-screen variant called the ThinkPad X1 Carbon Touch designed for use with Windows 8. Its display makes use of multi-touch technology that can detect simultaneous inputs from up to ten fingers.
In a review published for CNET, Dan Ackerman wrote, "At first glance, the ThinkPad X1 Carbon looks a lot like other ThinkPads, but in the hand it stands out as very light and portable. The excellent keyboard shows up other ultrabooks, and the rugged build quality is reassuring. With a slightly boosted battery and maybe a lower starting price, this could be a serious contender for my all-around favorite thin laptop."
In another review for CNET, Nicholas Aaron Khoo wrote, "For this geek, there are many things to like about this 14-inch (1600x900 HD+) Ultrabook when it comes to usability when traveling on economy class. These include the backlit and spill-resistant keyboard, side-positioned ports, nice viewing angles, TrackPoint (which not everyone likes), nicely implemented touchpad and biometric login. Unlike poorer cousin, the Lenovo IdeaPad U410, it is able to go into hibernate mode without having the user jump through hoops to enable it."
On the X1 Carbon Touch's SSD performance Engadget states, "The machine boots into the [s]tart screen in 11 seconds, which is pretty typical for a Windows 8 machine with specs like these. We also found that the solid-state drive delivers equally strong read and write speeds (551 MB/s and 518 MB/s, respectively), which we noticed the last time we tested an Ultrabook with an Intel SSD."
2012 Touch
In a review for Engadget, Dana Wollman wrote, "Starting with ergonomics, this has one of the best keyboard / touchpad combinations we've seen on a laptop, and that's not even counting that signature red pointing stick. We're also enamored with the design: aside from being well-made, the X1 Carbon Touch is also notably thin and light [at 1.55kg] for a 14-inch machine, especially one with a touchscreen. The display is hardly our favorite, what with the narrow viewing angles, but at least the 1,600 x 900 resolution is nice and crisp."
In its review of the X1 Carbon Touch, Wired wrote, "Lenovo also hasn't forgotten about the things that users actually care about. Audio is impressive and Dolby-certified. The keyboard is backlit and fully usable, and the glass touchpad was rock solid on this go-round with the Carbon." In its final verdict Wired stated that an "Excellent combination of performance, portability, and durability" and "the best keyboard going" make the Touch 'Wired."
2014 – 2nd generation
X1 Carbon (2nd Gen)
The 2014 X1 Carbon features a 4th generation Intel processor and an "Adaptive Keyboard" touch bar where the function keys are normally located. The Home and End keys replaced the Caps Lock key, requiring the user to double-press the Shift key to activate Caps Lock. The Delete key was also repositioned to the right of the Backspace key instead of above it.
Peter Bright wrote a disparaging review for Ars Technica. He found the X1 Carbon with the Lenovo named "Adaptive Keyboard" to be near perfect but unusable because the keyboard was so non-standard when compared with that of a desktop, the older Thinkpad T410s and Lenovo Helix keyboards. As a touch typist, he despairs at the removal of the function keys, and the repositioning of Caps Lock, replacing it with Home End, and, that pretty much each little-finger key has moved.
2015 – 3rd generation
X1 Carbon (3rd Gen)
The 2015 X1 Carbon came with a 2560 by 1440 screen. Lenovo reverted to the traditional Function row from the innovative but confusing Adaptive Function Row, and resumed using dedicated mouse buttons under the TrackPoint in the 2015 model. A fingerprint reader is to the right of the keyboard and can be used to log into Windows.
In a review for Laptop Magazine, Mark Spoonauer wrote, "The ThinkPad X1 Carbon is easily one of the best business ultraportables available. While on the pricey side, the $1,754 configuration I reviewed delivers everything I want in a laptop: long battery life, a comfortable typing experience and strong overall performance. The X1 Carbon's design doesn't wow, but it's light and feels like it can stand up to abuse. However, the lack of an SD card slot is annoying, and I wish the 14-inch display were as bright as it is sharp
2016 – 4th generation
X1 Carbon (4th Gen)
In January 2016 at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Lenovo presented their fourth generation X1 Carbon.
X1 Yoga
The first generation of the X1 Yoga was released in 2016, featuring a touchscreen with a 360-degree hinge. Unlike many other laptops in the X1 series, it features a stylus and a dedicated slot for it. Like many others in the X1 series, the X1 Yoga features a built-in fingerprint sensor, multiple USB ports, an HDMI port, and support for up to Intel i7 processors.
X1 Tablet
The ThinkPad X1 tablet is a modular device that uses what Lenovo calls an "Ultra Connect" system to tie together removable modules such as an extra battery pack, a pico projector, a 3D camera, a detachable keyboard, etc. The X1 tablet is powered by an Intel Core m7 processor paired with up to 16GiB of memory and solid state drives up to 1TiB in capacity. The X1 tablet's 12-inch multi-touch screen has a resolution of (32 aspect ratio).
2017 – 5th generation
X1 Carbon (5th Gen)
In January 2017 at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Lenovo presented their fifth generation X1 Carbon, 1.14 kg weight, which delivers up to 15.5 hours of battery life starting at $1,329. A silver version was also introduced.
Recall
The ThinkPad X1 Carbon 5th Generation laptops built before 2017-11-01 were recalled after reports that a screw left in the laptop during manufacturing could damage one of the lithium batteries causing one of the cells to short out, leading to rapid overheating and failure. 83,500 of the laptops had been sold in the US and Canada before the recall.
X1 Yoga (2nd Gen)
Changes from previous X1 Yoga includes the use of 7th generation Intel Core i ('Kaby Lake') processors, addition of Thunderbolt 3 ports, USB-C connector for power adapter, 'wave' style keyboard featuring matte finish on the keyboard.
X1 Tablet (2nd Gen)
2018 – 6th generation
X1 Carbon (6th Gen)
In January 2018 at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Lenovo presented their sixth generation X1 Carbon, weighing 1.13 kg. This is the first X1 Carbon model to have a quad-core processor. It features an 8th generation Intel Core i5 or i7 processor, along with up to 16 GiB of RAM and up to 1 TiB of storage. X1 branding is also now present on the cover. The ThinkPad logo has changed to black instead of the previous silver branding.
X1 Yoga (3rd Gen)
The design is derived from 6th generation ThinkPad X1 Carbon, with the ThinkShutter privacy camera included by default (except for models with a IR camera), 15W 8th generation Core i5/i7 quad core processors and a built-in stylus. OLED screens are no longer an option.
X1 Tablet (3rd Gen)
X1 Extreme (1st Gen)
The first 15.6-inch ThinkPad X-series laptop. Also, in contrast to the regular 14-inch Thinkpad X series models, the X1 Extreme has user-upgradable RAM and the full-power HQ-series mobile Intel CPUs.
X1 Extreme laptop have a sibling model in a ThinkPad P series line, known as a ThinkPad P1.
2019 – 7th generation
X1 Carbon (7th Gen)
In January 2019 at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Lenovo announced their seventh generation X1 Carbon, weighing . It comes with the latest Intel i5 or i7 processors, optional 4K display featuring Dolby Vision HDR, and a thinner chassis than the last generation. It also supports a new optional carbon fiber weave top cover.
X1 Yoga (4th Gen)
The design is derived from 7th generation ThinkPad X1 Carbon. This is notably the first ThinkPad with aluminum chassis. 15W 8th/10th generation Core i5/i7 quad core processors and a built-in stylus.
X1 Extreme (2nd Gen)
The updated version of first generation; the first non-Yoga ThinkPad laptop with an OLED screen option.
The sibling model is a Thinkpad P1 gen2.
2020 – 8th generation
X1 Carbon (8th Gen)
In January 2020 at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Lenovo announced their eighth generation X1 Carbon. It comes with Intel Comet Lake processors, optional PrivacyGuard display, and WiFi 6 support. The Fedora Linux distribution is also offered pre-installed on the laptop.
X1 Yoga (5th Gen)
The design is derived from 8th generation ThinkPad X1 Carbon. 10th generation Core i5/i7 quad core processors and a built-in stylus.
X1 Nano
Lenovo unveiled the first X1 Nano in September 2020. X1 Nano is the lightest ThinkPad ever at just 1.99 pounds (907g) and also Lenovo's first ThinkPad based on Intel Evo platform, powered by 11th Gen Intel Core processors. The machine has a 13-inch 16:10 screen with 4 speakers with Dolby Atmos and 4 360-degree microphones.
2021 - 9th generation
X1 Titanium Yoga (1st Gen)
In 2021, Lenovo released the X1 Titanium Yoga, a 13.5-inch laptop with an 11th Gen Intel Core i5 or i7 processor and integrated Intel Iris Xe graphics.
X1 Carbon (9th Gen)
In January 2021 at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Lenovo announced their ninth generation X1 Carbon. It comes with a 16:10 aspect ratio display, wider touchpad, and a larger battery.
X1 Yoga (6th Gen)
X1 Extreme (3rd Gen)
The update of 15" line; the last X1 ThinkPad line with non-reduced 1.8mm key travel.
2022 - 10th generation
X1 Carbon (10th Gen)
A tenth generation was announced by Lenovo in January 2022.
See also
Thinkpad X1 Tablet
What is Intel Evo Platform
References
Lenovo laptops
Ultrabooks
X1 Carbon
Computer-related introductions in 2011 | laptop Build Quality | 0.361 | 14,258 |
MacBook
The MacBook is a brand of Macintosh notebook computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. that use Apple's macOS operating system since 2006. It replaced the PowerBook and iBook brands during the Mac transition to Intel processors, announced in 2005. The current lineup consists of the MacBook Air (2008–present) and the MacBook Pro (2006–present). Two different lines simply named "MacBook" existed from 2006 to 2012 and 2015 to 2019.
On November 10, 2020, Apple announced models of the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro incorporating the new Apple M1 system on a chip.
Now the latest generation of Apple's chip is the M1 Pro and M1 Max only available on the MacBooks Pro (14" and 16")
Overview
The MacBook family was initially housed in designs similar to the iBook and PowerBook lines which preceded them, now making use of a unibody aluminum construction first introduced with the MacBook Air. This new construction also has a black plastic keyboard that was first used on the MacBook Air, which itself was inspired by the sunken keyboard of the original polycarbonate MacBooks. The now standardized keyboard brings congruity to the MacBook line, with black keys on a metallic aluminum body.
The lids of the MacBook family are held closed by a magnet with no mechanical latch, a design element first introduced with the polycarbonate MacBook. Memory, drives, and batteries were accessible in the old MacBook lineup, though the newest compact lineup solders or glues all such components in place. All of the current MacBooks feature backlit keyboards.
The MacBook was discontinued from February 2012 until March 2015, when a new model featuring an ultraportable design and an all-metal enclosure was introduced. It was again discontinued in July 2019 following a price reduction of the 3rd generation MacBook Air and discontinuation of the 2nd generation model.
MacBook family models
Current
MacBook Air
The MacBook Air is Apple's least expensive notebook computer. While the 1st generation was released as a premium ultraportable positioned above the 2006 - 2012 MacBook, lowered prices on subsequent iterations and the discontinuation of that MacBook has made it serve as the entry-level Macintosh portable. The 2010 to 2017 base model came with a 13-inch screen and was Apple's thinnest notebook computer until the introduction of the MacBook in March 2015. This MacBook Air model features two USB Type-A 3.0 ports and a Thunderbolt 2 port, as well as an SDXC card slot (only on the 13inch model). This model of MacBook Air did not have a Retina Display. A MacBook Air model with an 11-inch screen was available from October 2010 to October 2016. In 2017, the MacBook Air received a small refresh, with the processor speed increased to 1.8 GHz.
On October 30, 2018, the MacBook Air underwent a major design change, dropping the USB Type-A ports, MagSafe, and the SD card slot in favor of two USB-C/Thunderbolt 3 ports and a headphone jack. It was updated with a Retina display and Intel Y-series Amber Lake i5 CPUs, as well as a Force Touch trackpad, a third-generation butterfly mechanism keyboard, and the Touch ID sensor found in the fourth-generation MacBook Pro, but without the Touch Bar. The base price was also raised, although the base configuration of the 2017 model was retained until July 9, 2019, when it was discontinued along with the Retina MacBook. The base price of this model was also dropped to $1099 ($999 for students) on the same day.
On November 10, 2020, Apple announced that the MacBook Air would use the new Apple M1 system on a chip. The new Air does not have a fan, ensuring silent operation, but limiting the M1 chip speed in sustained operations. Performance was claimed to be higher than most current Intel laptops.
MacBook Pro
The MacBook Pro is Apple's higher-end notebook available in both 13-inch and 16-inch configurations. The current generation 13-inch MacBook Pro was introduced in October 2018. It features a touch-sensitive OLED display strip located in place of the function keys, a Touch ID sensor integrated with the power button, and four USB-C ports that also serve as Thunderbolt 3 ports. The 13-inch model was also available in a less expensive configuration with conventional function keys and only two USB-C/Thunderbolt 3 ports, but since July 2019, the base MacBook Pro model has the Touch Bar as well as quad-core processors, similar to the higher-end models, although it still has only two USB-C / Thunderbolt 3 ports. The May 4, 2020 refresh adopts many of the upgrades seen in the 16" 2019 MacBook Pro, including the scissor mechanism keyboard ("Magic Keyboard") and a physical Escape button.
On November 13, 2019, Apple released the 16-inch MacBook Pro, replacing the 15-inch model of the previous generation, and replacing the butterfly keyboard with a scissor mechanism keyboard (dubbed the Magic Keyboard by Apple), reverting to the old "inverted-T" arrow key layout, replacing the virtual Escape key on the Touch Bar with a physical key, and replacing the AMD Polaris and Vega graphics from the 15-inch model with options from AMD's Navi graphics architecture, as well as reengineering the speakers, microphone array, and the thermal system compared to the 15-inch; the latter had thermal limitations in the 15-inch model due to its design. In addition, the 16-inch is available with up to 64 GB of DDR4 2667 MHz RAM and up to 8 TB of SSD storage. It also has a 100 Wh battery; this is the largest battery that can be easily carried onto a commercial airliner under U.S. Transportation Security Administration rules.
On November 10, 2020, Apple announced a new model of the MacBook Pro incorporating the new Apple M1 system on a chip. Apple will continue to sell versions of the MacBook Pro with Intel processors. The MacBook Pro with M1 SoC incorporates a fan, allowing sustained operation of the M1 chip at its full performance level, which is claimed to match or exceed that of Intel versions. Unlike Intel Pro models, the M1 version only comes with a 13-inch screen, has only two Thunderbolt ports and has a maximum of 16 GB random access memory (RAM).
On October 18, 2021, Apple announced updated 14-inch and 16-inch MacBook Pro models during an online event. They are based on the M1 Pro and M1 Max, Apple's first professional-focused ARM-based systems on a chip. This release addressed many criticisms of the previous generation by reintroducing hard function keys in place of the Touch Bar, an HDMI 2.0 port, a SDXC reader and MagSafe charging. Other additions include a Liquid Retina XDR display with thinner bezels and an iPhone-like notch, ProMotion supporting 120Hz variable refresh rate, a 1080p webcam, Wi-Fi 6, 3 Thunderbolt 4 ports, a six-speaker sound system supporting Dolby Atmos, and support for a third 6K display on M1 Max models. The 16-inch version is bundled with a 140W GaN power supply that supports USB-C Power Delivery 3.1, though only MagSafe supports full-speed charging as the machine's USB-C ports are limited to 100W.
Discontinued
It was discontinued on July 20, 2011, for consumer purchase and in February 2012 for institutions, being superseded by the 2nd generation MacBook Air, as the 11-inch model introduced in 2010 had the same starting price of the MacBook. The sales of the Mac computers amounted to 18.21 million units in Apple’s 2018 fiscal year.
The Retina MacBook was a line of Macintosh portable computers introduced in March 2015. It was discontinued on July 9, 2019, as it had been superseded by the 13-inch Retina MacBook Air, which had a lower base price ($1,299 for the MacBook, $1,199 for the 2018 MacBook Air, and $1,099 for the 2019 MacBook Air), additional USB-C / Thunderbolt 3 ports (the MacBook has only one USB-C port vs two USB-C / Thunderbolt 3 ports on the MacBook Air), and better performance.
All Intel-based MacBook Air and MacBook Pro models were discontinued in November 2020 and October 2021 respectively, and replaced by Apple silicon models.
Comparisons
Sales
See also
Comparison of Macintosh models
MacBook Air
MacBook Pro
References
X86 Macintosh computers
Consumer electronics brands | laptop Build Quality | 0.36 | 14,259 |
Samsung Sens
Samsung Sens (branded as Samsung Electronics Notebook System, and stylized as SENS) is the notebook computer series made by Samsung Electronics. Samsung notebooks are designed similarly to the Acer Aspire, Asus Transformer and Zenbook, Dell Inspiron, HP Pavilion, Stream and Envy series, Lenovo IdeaPad and Toshiba Satellite. While they were available in many countries, the Sens notebook line were for some years now sold in the United States and Canada. However, in mid-October 2008, Samsung announced that it would be re-launching its Sens notebooks on the US market.
Series
There are 15 series of Sens laptops and 2-in-1s: E, M, N, Notebook 7, Notebook 9, P, Q, QX, R, RC, RF, RV, SF, X and G.
E Series
E3520
M Series
M- This series includes laptop computers with large screens (17"~19") and faster processors (Core 2 Duo), graphic cards, etc. For example: M50, M55, M70.
N Series
N- This is Samsung's newly launched netbook line-up, with the emphasis on keeping size, weight and cost to a minimum. The first N-series model worldwide is the Sens NC10. They continue their N line with NF line.
Notebook 7 Series
Notebook 7- The Samsung Notebook 7 spin (13-inch) and Samsung Notebook 7 spin (15-inch) are 2-in-1 notebooks with a 13-inch and 15-inch touchscreen and Intel Core i5 and i7 processors and graphic cards, etc.
Notebook 9 Series
Notebook 9- The Samsung Notebook 9 spin is a 2-in-1 notebook with a 13-inch touchscreen and Intel Core i7 processor.
P Series
P- This Sens was a mainstream notebook - a kind that is noted with the characteristics of being fair in price, heavy, short in battery life, and thick. But now, it is in the process of being discontinued in many countries.
Q Series
Q- This series is an ultraportable, or at least they are quite light laptops. It has the characteristics of portable laptops: long battery life, small screen size, rather thin and light. Q series includes Q30(Also Sold as Dell Latitude X1), Q40(Core Solo), Q35(Core 2 Duo or Celeron M), and UMPCs, Q1 and Q1 Ultra. Recently, the 13.3" screen Q70 was released bringing a new maximum screen size into the Q range. Both the Q70 and 12.1" Q45 introduce the Santa Rosa platform in Samsung notebooks. They continue their Q line with QX line.
Q330
Q430
Q530
QX Series
QX310
QX311
QX410
QX411
QX412
QX510
QX511
R Series
R- This is the new mainstream line-up after P. It includes somewhat heavier and faster laptops, in fair prices. Its models include R45, R50, R65, etc.(discontinued) or R40(budget Core 2 Duo laptop), R55/R70(high-end), R19/R20. For new Samsung laptops having Core i Series CPUs, they use RF line instead of R line.
R480
R580
R780
R590
RC Series
RC410
RC420
RC510
RC512
RC710
RC720
RC530
RC730
RF Series
RF410
RF411
RF510
RF710
RF511
RF711
RF712
RV Series
RV409
RV411
RV413
RV415
RV511
RV515
RV420
RV520
RV711
RV720
SF Series
SF310
SF311
SF410
SF411
SF510
SF511
X Series
X- This Sens is a thin and light notebook - a kind that shares the characteristics of an ultraportable with exception of being heavier, wider in screen size, and stronger in processing power. It is around 14 inches, such as X06, X1(discontinued) and X11(Core 2 Duo). From i-series CPUs, they continue X series with SF series.
G Series
Sens also has G models, which are laptops without batteries, or to be exact, mobile desktops. It is a budget PC series being very heavy in weight and low processing power. It has two models, G10 and G15.
References
External links
Laptops
Consumer electronics brands
Sens | laptop Build Quality | 0.36 | 14,260 |
Acer Aspire Timeline
Aspire Timeline is a series of notebook computers manufactured by Acer Inc. designed to achieve battery life in excess of eight hours with ultrathin designs. The first generation Acer Timeline models use Intel's ultra low voltage (ULV) processors and Intel's Laminar Wall Jet technology.
Aspire Timeline
There are six Aspire Timeline models:
Aspire 1810T,
Aspire 1810 Olympic Edition,
Aspire 3810T,
Aspire 4810T,
Aspire 4810 Olympic Edition,
Aspire 5810T.
Aspire TimelineX
In 2010, Acer launched a new Aspire TimelineX series that employ Intel Core processors. The nine – cell battery model is claimed by the company to last up to 12 hours.
Aspire TimelineX (2010) models:
Aspire 3820T
Aspire 4820T
Aspire 5820T
Aspire 3820TG
Aspire 4820TG
Aspire 5820TG
In April 2011, Acer released the third generation of Timeline models in Taiwan which sport the Intel's Sandy Bridge processor.
''Aspire Timeline X (2011) lineup:
3830T
The 3830T has two versions: a Core i3-2310M and Core i5-2430M. It measures 13.3 inches and has a 1366×768 LED backlit LCD, Intel HD Graphics 2000/3000, 500/750GB hard drive for storage, 4/6GB DDR3 RAM and 3 USB ports, and weighs 4.08 pounds.
4830T
The 4830T contains the Core i5-2430M. It measures 14 inches and has a 1366×768 LED backlit LCD, Intel HD Graphics 3000, 640GB hard drive for storage, 4/6GB DDR3 RAM and 3 USB ports, and weighs 4.78 pounds.
5830T
The 5830T contains the Core i5-2450M. It measures 15.6 inches and has a 1366×768 LED backlit LCD, Intel HD Graphics 3000, 750GB hard drive for storage, 6GB DDR3 RAM and 3 USB ports, and weighs 5.49 pounds.
3830TG
The 3830TG has several versions: a Core i3-2330M, a core i5-2410m, a Core i5-2430M and a Core i7-2620m. It measures 13.3 inches and has a 1366×768 LED backlit LCD, NVIDIA GeForce GT540M graphics and an Intel Hd 2000/3000, it switches between the two using Nvidia's Optimus technique. A 500GB hard drive for storage, 4GB DDR3 RAM and 3 USB 2.0 ports, of which are USB 2.0 and one of them being a 3.0 port that can be used to charge external devices when the laptop is turned off. It also features Kenwood's Dolby Home Theater speakers and weighs 4.12 pounds.
4830TG
The 4830TG same specification as above (except for Core i3-2330M). It measures 14 inches and weighs 4.67 pounds, contains DVD super multi DL drive (this is not present in the 3830TG). It has a 640GB hard drive for storage. For connectivity and port, you'll find Bluetooth® 2.1+EDR, one faster USB3 port, microphone in, 3.5mm audio jacks for headphone out, memory card reader ( SD Card, Memory Stick, Memory Stick PRO, MultiMediaCard, xD-Picture Card, SDXC Memory Card ), HDMI port, VGA port, Gigabit Ethernet LAN with RJ connector and 802.11 b/g/n wireless for internet connections.
5830TG
The 5830TG has the same specification as above (except for the 3830TG version which runs on Core i3-2330M). Its screen is 15.6 inches and weighs 5.49 pounds, It contains DVD super multi DL drive (this is not present in the 3830TG).
Acer Aspire Timeline Ultra family
In 2012, Acer introduced the new Aspire M3 of the Timeline Ultra family The Acer Aspire Timeline Ultra series is slim and light, just 20 mm thin. It has a 15.6-inch display and weighs less than five pounds. It was first shown at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas in January 2012, then in March at the CeBIT tradeshow in Hannover, Germany. The Aspire Timeline Ultra M3-581TG contains an Intel Core i7-2637M ULV processor, up to 6GB of RAM.
Reception
The Acer Aspire line was generally well received. Some models such as the Aspire 3820T were awarded by the international press.
See also
Acer Aspire
Acer TravelMate
References
External links
Acer Timeline Official Website
Acer Inc. laptops | laptop Build Quality | 0.359 | 14,261 |
Sony Vaio 505 series
The Sony Vaio 505 (called SuperSlim until 2003) series was a line of ultraportable notebook computers from Sony's VAIO brand. The introduction date in the United States was July 24, 1998.
Hardware specifications at introduction were a 200 MHz ($2000) or 266 MHz ($2700) Pentium MMX CPU, 32 MB RAM, a 2.1 GB hard drive, 10.4" SVGA (800x600) screen, integrated sound, modem, speakers, microphone, PC-Card slot, and optional firewire port. It also featured a touchpad with additional pen (graphics tablet) functionality. The weight was 3.1 lbs (1.4 kg).
In addition to the 10.4" models, a 12.1" 505 Superslim Pro was introduced in April 1999, weighing 3.75 lbs (1.7 kg), and featuring 1024x768 screen. Starting from the R505 revision (2001), the laptops were supplied with a docking station with integrated CDRW/DVD drive. From R505D onwards, 802.11B wireless was integrated.
The V505 models increased weight and thickness due to the integration of the DVD drive; they were no longer branded 'superslim', as thickness increased from 1 to 1.33", and weight to 4.37 lbs (2 kg).
A one-off X505 model was produced in 2004, with the same screen size (10.4") and 1024x768 resolution as the 1999 models, but with a greatly reduced weight of only 1.73 lbs (822 grams). Case was made with a nickel-carbon alloy. Connectivity was provided by a fast ethernet port, unlike previous models, no modem was included, and neither was 802.11 wireless or bluetooth.
The Sony VAIO X series, launched in 2009, had many design similarities with this product, although an Intel Atom-series processor was used.
US Models
10.4":
PCG-505 G and GX - July 1998 - launch models, specs above
PCG-505 F and FX - 233 MHz/266 MHz Pentium MMX, 4.3 GB hard drive, 2 MB Neo Magic MagicGraph graphics September 1998
PCG-505 TR/TS/TX - 300 MHz Pentium MMX, 6.4 GB hard drive, improved 1024x768 screen, 64 MB RAM - April 1999
PCG-N505 VE/VX - Celeron/Pentium II 333 MHz, 2.5 MB Neo Magic graphics. July 1999
VGN-X505ZP - ULV Pentium M 1.1 GHz, Intel 855GM graphics, 512 MB RAM, 20 GB hard drive. May 2004
12.1":
PCG-Z505 S - April 1999, Celeron 333 MHz, 64 MB RAM, 6.4 GB hard disk, 2.5 MB Neo Magic 256AV, fast Ethernet, RJ-11 modem port
PCG-Z505 R/RX - July 1999, Pentium 2 366/400 MHz
PCG-Z505 HE/HS - January 2000, Pentium 3 450/500 MHz, 64/128 MB RAM, 8.1/12 GB hard disk
PCG-Z505 JE/JS - April 2000, Pentium 3 500/650 MHz, 64/128 MB RAM, 9/12 GB hard disk, 3 MB/6 MB Neo Magic VRam
PCG-Z505 LE/LS - September 2000, Pentium 3 650/750 MHz, 64/128 MB RAM, 12/20 GB hard disk, ATI RAGE Mobility 8 MB SDRAM
PCG-R505 TL/TE/TS - March 2001, Celeron 650/Pentium 3 750/850 MHz, 128 MB RAM, 15/15/20 GB hard drive, Intel 815EM integrated graphics
PCG-R505 JL/JE/JS - October 2001 Pentium 3 750 MHz/850/850 MHz, 128/128/256 MB RAM, 15/20/30 GB hard drive
PCG-R505D models Pentium 3 1.13 GHz, 256 MB RAM, 40 GB hard drive, Intel 830MG graphics, 802.11B wireless
PCG-R505E models Pentium 3 1.13 GHz, 256 MB RAM, 30 GB hard drive
PCG-R505G models Pentium 3 1.2 GHz, 256 MB/512 MB RAM, 30/40/60 GB hard drive
PCG-V505A models January 2003 Pentium 4-M 1.8/2.0/2.2 GHz, 256/512/1024 MB RAM, 30/40/60 GB hard drive, CDRW/DVD combo, ATI Mobility Radeon 16 MB
PCG-V505B models Celeron 1.8 GHz/Pentium 4-M 2/2.4 GHz
PCG-V505D models Pentium 4-M 2.2 GHz, Pentium M 1.4/1.6/1.7 GHz
PCG-V505E models January 2004 Pentium M 1.5 GHz, ATI Mobility Radeon 9200 32 MB
References
505 | laptop Build Quality | 0.359 | 14,262 |
Barebook
A barebook computer (or barebone laptop) is an incomplete notebook PC. A barebone laptop is similar to a barebone computer, but in a laptop form.
As it leaves the factory, it contains only elements strictly tied to the computer's design (case, motherboard, display, keyboard, pointing device, etc.), and the consumer or reseller has to add standardized off-the-shelf components such as CPU and GPU (when not integrated on the motherboard), memory, mass storage, WiFi card, etc. separately.
Because it is not manufactured with storage media such as harddisks or SSDs, a barebook does not typically include an operating system, which may make barebooks appealing to opposers of the bundling of Microsoft Windows.
References
See also
Barebone computer
Homebuilt computer
Do it yourself
Laptops | laptop Build Quality | 0.359 | 14,263 |
Voodoo Envy
The Voodoo Envy 133 was a notebook computer designed by VoodooPC after its acquisition by Hewlett-Packard. It was positioned as a mobile ultraportable notebook and was introduced at HP's Connecting Your World Live event in Berlin, Germany on June 10, 2008.
Overview
The chassis of the Voodoo Envy is made of carbon fiber, and it weighs and is thick all around. The system utilizes the Windows Vista operating system as well as a Linux kernel dubbed "Voodoo Instant On" or "Voodoo IOS." The laptop has often been compared to the MacBook Air for its similar size and specifications. HP claimed it to be the world's thinnest notebook, although this record has now been broken, as it is 0.70 inches throughout, whereas the Dell Adamo is 0.65 inches thick all around.
According to the specifications, its 3-cell Lithium ion battery will provide up to 3 hours and 10 minutes' battery life, depending on usage.
The HP Envy line of laptops and other products replaced the Voodoo Envy when HP and VoodooPC merged.
References
External links
VoodooPC web site
VoodooPC community site
HP laptops | laptop Build Quality | 0.359 | 14,264 |
Sony Vaio P series
The Sony Vaio P series is a range of ultraportable subnotebook computers launched in January 2009.
It was marketed as a "lifestyle PC", although they share many characteristics with netbook computers.
Description
The Sony Vaio P series features an 8" LED-backlit display with native resolution of 1600x768, coupled with Intel GMA 500 integrated graphics, an Intel Atom Silverthorne Z5x0 CPU with Intel Poulsbo US15W chipset, and up to 2GB of DDR2 memory. Notably, the P series sports non-upgradeable RAM that is soldered to the motherboard, with some models including just 1GB of RAM. It uses a pointing stick in the keyboard as its pointing device. Exact specs vary by region. An integrated "Motion Eye" webcam (optional in some models) is located on the upper right corner of the display bezel. Built-in GPS (some models), Bluetooth, 802.11 b/g/n wireless and 3G or HSDPA mobile broadband comprise its connectivity options. Like most ultraportables and netbooks, an internal optical drive is not present.
At launch, the pre-installed operating system was one of the 32-bit versions of Windows XP, which has lower resource requirements than Windows Vista. Several people have succeeded in installing various versions of Linux on the Vaio P, most notably Ubuntu Linux (Version 9.04, Jaunty). Ubuntu is arguably the best alternative due to its ease of installation and configuration, and the fact that it allows for full 3D graphics to be utilized. Since the release of Windows 7, the P series now ships with that OS installed. The P series has been criticized for poor performance in part due to the excessive pre-installed software, but also because of the poor performance of the integrated graphics.
Compared with most other Intel Atom-based netbooks, the P series was considerably more expensive. However, the Atom Silverthorne platform adopted by the P series sported lower power consumption and higher-clocked processor options compared to the more common Diamondville platform. Later models of the Vaio P included these faster CPUs. In addition, the P series is the lightest device in its class, weighing roughly the same as the Apple iPad 2 tablet and less than all 10" netbooks, and the 7" Asus Eee PC models. The 1600x768 resolution of the P series' 8" display is also comparable to that of much larger laptops, such as the 12.1" Thinkpad X200s and its 1440x900 resolution.
Launch specs
The Vaio P was launched in five colour options: Dove White, Emerald Green, Glossy Black, Gold, and Sangria Red.
Dependent on the model, storage was a 60GB or 80GB hard disk drive, or 64GB, 128GB, or 256GB solid state drive.
Minor model updates included Windows 7, larger SSDs, and faster Atom processors.
May 2010 update
The VPC-P11 series launched on May 2010 featured a refreshed exterior, an accelerometer to enable switching from landscape to portrait mode, a tiny 16mmx16mm touchpad built into the LCD bezel, and a choice of five colours - 'electric orange, neon green, hot pink, icy white and classic black'. In addition, a button was added to instantly switch the screen to 1280x600 resolution, in order to make text more readable, as well as a digital compass, ambient light sensor, and higher-capacity battery (2500mAh).
The 2010 revision was the last iteration of the P series, with Sony discontinuing the product in 2011. The P series clamshell format was incorporated in Sony's Tablet P, which was released in November 2011.
Specifications
Dimensions: 9.65"(W) x 0.78"(H) x 4.72"(D); 24.5 cm(W) x 2 cm(H) x 12 cm(D)
Weight: 1.3 lbs (589g, VPC-P11 series); 1.4 lbs (635g, at launch with SSD), 1.5 lbs (680g, at launch with HDD)
Processor: Intel Atom single-core (with Hyperthreading) Z520, Z530, Z540, Z550 or Z560, at 1.33, 1.6, 1.87, 2.0, or 2.13 GHz; Z560-equipped models were not released in the US
Graphics: Intel GMA 500
Memory: 1 or 2 GB DDR2 SDRAM running at 533 MHz
Storage: 60 or 80 GB 4200 RPM PATA HDD, or 64 GB, 128 GB or 256 GB SSD
Connectivity: Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n, Integrated Stereo A2DP Bluetooth technology, wireless broadband (technology used varies by region, including WiMax, HSDPA and 3G), GPS (model-dependent)
Display: 8" 1600x768 LED TFT active matrix backlit display, 0.3 MP webcam
Expansion Slots: Memory Stick (Standard/Duo) media slot, SD/SDHC memory card slot
Interface: 2 USB 2.0 type-A ports, DC-in, Display/LAN Adapter port, headphone jack
Battery at launch: standard 2100mAh (145 grams), extended 4200mAh (263 grams)
Battery for VPC-P11 series: standard 2500mAh (155 grams), extended 5000mAh (250 grams)
USA Models
(note color codes: /G - Emerald Green, /Q Glossy Black, /R Sangria Red, /W Dove White, /N gold, /P /PI pink, /D white, /B black)
Launch dates
VGN-P500 series - January/February 2009
VGN-P600 series - July 2009
VGN-P700 series - October 2009
VPC-P11 series - May 2010
See also
Sony VAIO C1 series
Vaio
Netbook
UMPC
References
External links
Official Website
Full Sony VAIO P review
Hands-on review from engadget
Netbooks | laptop Build Quality | 0.358 | 14,265 |
Compaq LTE
Compaq LTE was a line of laptop computers made by Compaq, introduced in 1989. The first models, Compaq LTE and Compaq LTE 286, were among the first computers to be close to the size of a paper notebook, spurring the use of the term "notebook" to describe a smaller laptop, and earned a notable place in laptop history. They were also among the first to include both a built-in hard disk and a floppy disk drive, and later models offered optional docking stations, providing performance comparable to then-current desktop machines.
History
Compaq introduced the LTE in 1989. At the time of launch, virtually no "notebook"-style fully-fledged computers existed. Prior to the LTE series, portable computers were bulky, such as Compaq SLT, which is coined as the predecessor to the LTE series, despite both models existing side by side for some time. Compaq SLT had large full-size 3.5-inch hard drives, and was heavy at 6.5 kg in comparison to the LTE at approximately 2.5 kg.
Models
Original model specifications
The two original LTE models differed primarily in the processor availability; however, the 286 model came with a standard 40 MB hard drive in place of the base model's 20 MB. Both computers weighed . They ran MS-DOS version 3.31.
Later models
The success of the original LTE series led Compaq to apply the designation to later models. LTE 386s/20 made extensive use of flexible electronics for the motherboard and motherboard interconnects. Other later Compaq LTE computers had a pointing stick in the middle of the keyboard, however, the LTE Elite 486 models had a trackball mounted to the right of the LCD screen. The LTE Elite series had an easily removable hard drive for data security purposes. Starting with LTE 386s/20, the LTE series computers were able to connect to a (in some cases, powered) docking station to act as a regular desktop computer. Later models' designs provide for the easy removal the floppy drive to add an internal CD-ROM drive, which was an expensive upgrade option for the late LTE series. The last LTE laptops were the 5000 series, ending with the 5400, which had a 150 MHz Pentium processor, and was quite capable of running Windows 98SE. It also allowed for swappable Floppy/CD-ROM drives.
Docking stations
The LTE range was marketed as a desktop replacement solution, and with its docking options, allowed peripherals to be permanently connected. The LTE laptop would be simply removed from the docking station to be used on the go, and then docked to use in the office.
There were different docking station options for the differing LTE models.
^ Note: The MultiBay Expansion Base and MultiBay-ISA Expansion Base are virtually the same, with the MultiBay-ISA Expansion Base having an ISA slot in the back panel, and a speaker assembly.
Trivia
When the LTE Lite series was first released in 1992, there were only four models released: Lite/25, Lite/25E, Lite/25C, and Lite 4/25C (486/25). Later, in 1993, there was a 486 33 MHz version of the Lite model, which was relatively unknown
Compaq LTE 5280, released in 1995, was still used in 2016 by McLaren Automotive to service the McLaren F1 supercar.
The LTE Lite allows you to have two serial interfaces with an add-in card. The part number is . It's one of the very few laptops that have this capability.
In popular culture
The Compaq LTE/286 model was used seen in the 1994 Season 1, Episode 22 of Frasier.
The Compaq LTE Elite 4/75CX model was featured in Jungle 2 Jungle.
In a Homestar Runner DVD exclusive Easter egg short "Real-Live E-Mails", a Compaq LTE was used as a live-action stand-in for Strong Bad's Lappy 486 computer.
See also
NEC UltraLite
References
External links
Article describing original LTE/286
Compaq LTE Owners Facebook Enthusiasts Group
LTE
History of computing hardware
Computer-related introductions in 1989
Articles containing video clips | laptop Build Quality | 0.357 | 14,266 |
Pedion (laptop)
The Pedion was a subnotebook computer developed by Mitsubishi Electric with Hewlett-Packard in 1998. At thick, it was the thinnest notebook computer in the world, even thinner than the "Macbook Air" (although the Apple equivalent was 4 mm at its thinnest point), released nearly ten years later. The notebook included a Pentium 233 MMX processor, 64 MB RAM, and a 1 GB Hard disk.
The Greek word, pedion (πεδίον) means "plain", "flat", "field".
Mitsubishi ceased production and withdrew the notebook from the market due to "mechanical problems".
References
Mitsubishi Electric products, services and standards
Subnotebooks | laptop Build Quality | 0.357 | 14,267 |
Laptop cooler
A laptop/notebook cooler, cooling pad, cooler pad or chill mat is an accessory for laptop computers that helps reduce their operating temperature, which is normally used when the laptop is unable to sufficiently cool itself. Laptop coolers are intended to protect both the laptop from overheating and the user from suffering heat related discomfort. A cooling pad may house active or passive cooling methods and rests beneath the laptop. Active coolers move air or liquid to direct heat away from the laptop quickly, while passive methods may rely on thermally conductive materials or increasing passive airflow.
Active coolers
Active coolers use small fans to generate additional airflow around the body of the laptop. This helps convect heat away from the device. The number of laptop cooler fans usually range from 1 to 6. Many cooler pads support the use of a power adapter, though they typically run on power drawn through one of the laptop's USB ports. Additionally, many cooler pads come with a built-in USB hub, so as not to consume one of the laptop's often limited number of USB ports.
Some active coolers draw heat from the underside of the computer; others work in the opposite way – by blowing cool air towards the machine. The fan speed is adjusted manually or automatically on certain models and on others stays at a fixed speed.
Poorly designed coolers may use fans which draw more current than allowed by the USB standard. Without correct protection, such devices can cause damage to the USB power supply.
Inside the laptop, the USB power-supply has to output an additional amount of watts for the USB-powered fan, thus generating a small amount of additional heat. This additional heat generation is usually insignificant in relation to the amount of heat a fan moves away from the laptop.
Some high-end active coolers have blowers instead of fans, with filters to stop dust from entering the laptop, and have seals between the cooler and laptop surfaces to prevent recirculation of hot air from entering the laptop.
Passive coolers
Typically, a conductive cooling pad allows for the cooling of a laptop without using any power. These "pads" are normally filled with an organic salt compound that allows them to absorb the heat from the laptop. They are good for a limited amount of time from around 6–8 hours of cooling. Other designs are simply a pad that elevates the laptop so that the fans in the laptop are allowed greater airflow.
The conductive cooling pads are not advisable for laptops that have fan vents built into the bottom as the cooling pad blocks the vents leading to overheating or premature system failure. The best way to determine if a cooling pad would be suitable for a particular laptop would be to take a look at the bottom of the laptop and look for air vents or fan vents. If they are on the side and not on the bottom, it is usually safe to use the cooler pad; otherwise, it may not be safe to use a conductive cooler pad.
The other variety that can be used simply has a hard resting surface that provides a gap between the cooler and the laptop is normally safer to use.
Multi-surface cooler
A type of passive cooler that allows both airflow between the laptop base and cooler, as well as, between the base of the cooler and the users's lap. These laptop coolers are well suited to laptops that have vents on its base because it prevents these vents from being blocked regardless of what ever surface the laptop is used on. Therefore, these multi-surface coolers are suitable for use on desk, lap and uneven/soft surfaces (couch, bed/duvet, carpet) and outdoors.
Some laptop coolers also feature lights that are activated along with the operation of the cooling fans. They are useful for using the laptop / notebook in low light environments and also serve to decorate the equipment and make it visually interesting.
Multipurpose coolers
Recent advancements have brought forward coolers that are multipurpose. Features include card readers for various forms of media such as key drives, memory cards, and 2.5" laptop hard disk drives. In addition to the above coolers that are a combination of mini work desk with fans are a convenient addition to users that want to use the laptop on a bed or a couch – although they tend to be too heavy and bulky to be carried conveniently everywhere, limiting mobility.
One variant is a cooler with writing pad having an area meant to be used for placing a book or a writing pad – designed with students in mind, although the bigger size limits its mobility and the weight usually results in tired legs for the user when used for a prolonged period of time. A recent addition to the above is an attachable laptop cooler and a comfort pad built into one.
References
Computer hardware cooling
Cooler | laptop Build Quality | 0.357 | 14,268 |
Gavilan SC
The Gavilan SC was a laptop computer, and was the first ever to be marketed as a "laptop".
History
The brainchild of Gavilan Computer Corp. founder Manuel (Manny) Fernandez, the Gavilan was introduced in May 1983, at approximately the same time as the similar Sharp PC-5000. It came to market a year after the GRiD Compass, with which it shared several pioneering details, notably a clamshell design, in which the screen folds shut over the keyboard.
The Gavilan, however, was more affordable than the GRiD, at a list price of around US$4000. Unlike the GRiD, it was equipped with a floppy disk drive and used the MS-DOS operating system, although it was only partially IBM PC-compatible. Powered by a 5 MHz Intel 8088 processor, it was equipped with a basic graphical user interface, stored in its 48 kb of ROM. An internal 300-baud modem was standard. A compact printer that attached to the rear of the machine was an option.
The machine's included software was a terminal program, MS-DOS, and MBasic (a version of the BASIC programming language). An Office Pack of four applications—Sorcim SuperCalc and SuperWriter, and PFS File and Report—was optional.
It was far smaller than competing IBM compatible portables, such as the Compaq Portable, which were the size of a portable sewing machine and weighed more than twice the Gavilan's 4 kg (9 lb), and unlike the Gavilan they could not run off batteries. Gavilan claimed the SC could run up to nine hours on its built-in nickel-cadmium batteries.
Jack Hall, an award-winning industrial designer, was chosen to work out the ergonomics, mechanics and overall appearance of the Gavilan. An extremely compact printer module was the result of a collaboration between Hall Design and C. Itoh of Japan. Additionally, several patentable features such as the unique display hinge and printer attachment mechanism were embodied in the design.
The Gavilan sported an LCD display with an unusual resolution of 400×64 pixels. It included a pioneering touchpad-like pointing device, installed on a panel above the keyboard. It used static CMOS memory, and came with 64 kilobytes standard. Memory was expandable through plug-in modules, for which there were four slots available (each 32 kb module cost $350 and included a backup battery); these could also be used for software ROM cartridges.
With standards for microfloppy drives still emerging, Gavilan was designed to accommodate both a 3.0-inch 320 KB microfloppy drive as well as a 3.5-inch floppy drive. Slow sales, due to the as yet undeveloped market for laptops, caused Gavilan Computer Corp. to declare Chapter 11 bankruptcy with cash flow problems. The company ceased operations in 1985.
Reception
BYTE in June 1983 called the Gavilan "a traveling professional's dream come true ... [it] promises to set new industry standards, not only for truly portable computers, but also for integration of applications software".
References
External links
Oldcomputers.net:Gavilan SC
History of Laptops
Inc. magazine article about Gavilan by company founder Manuel (Manny) Fernandez
1984 article reviewing various pocket and portable computers, including the Gavilan
.
Laptops
History of computing hardware
Computer-related introductions in 1983 | laptop Build Quality | 0.357 | 14,269 |
Síragon
Síragon, C.A. is a Venezuelan manufacturer and assembler of computer hardware and other electronic products such as digital cameras, tablet computers and LCD televisions. Siragon also designs and manufactures its own RAM and flash memory and printed circuit boards. The company was created in an alliance between Venezuelan and Japanese investors. Its plant is located in the North Industrial Zone of Valencia, Carabobo.
On November 2009, Síragon started to distribute its product line in Argentina, Allied with the Argentinian computer wholesale vendor Greentech. Síragon manufactures its own designs and also builds under license, all-in-one computers from Brazilian Itautec.
Siragon products are all manufactured in Venezuela. At the 2012 international consumer electronics show Siragon formally announced its intent to enter the US market by the end of 2012. Siragon is engaged in a design partnership with BMW for which it both manufactures electronics for and collaborates on electronic designs with.
Siragon currently holds the third largest share of the electronics market in Venezuela.
Products
Digital cameras
Video cameras
Desktop computers
Laptop computers
Netbooks
Computer servers
LCD televisions and monitors
LED television
Plasma TV screens
Sound systems
Peripherals
Tablet computers
References
External links
Síragon Webpage
Electronics companies of Venezuela
Venezuelan brands
Computer hardware companies
Computer memory companies
Display technology companies
Netbook manufacturers
Home appliance manufacturers
Electronics companies established in 2004
2004 establishments in Venezuela | laptop Build Quality | 0.356 | 14,270 |
PowerBook 190, PowerBook 190cs
The PowerBook 190 and its companion PowerBook 190cs are laptop computers manufactured by Apple Computer as part of their PowerBook brand, introduced to the market in August 1995. The two models differ only in their screen: the 190 had a 9.5" greyscale display, while the 190cs featured a 10.4" color display. Apple's target sales audience for this model was the college student in need of a no-frills portable computer.
In terms of hardware, along with the PowerBook 150, the 190 has much in common with Apple's "professional" laptop of the same period, the PowerBook 5300 series. In exchange for the cheaper price point (approximately US$2200 compared to over US$6000 for the cutting-edge PowerBook 5300ce), the 190 was equipped with a passive matrix LCD rather than a crisper active matrix screen.
More significantly, while the 5300s ran PowerPC 603e processors at 100 or 117 MHz, the 190 had only a Motorola 68LC040 clocked at 33 MHz - in fact, the 190/cs were the last Macintoshes to use a 68k CPU. However, Apple offered a PPC upgrade for the 190, a heavily marketed selling point for all new 68040 Macs at the time. In addition, a rather cramped 500 MB IDE hard drive was standard, and factory models shipped with System 7.5.2.
It is the only one of the 100 series PowerBooks that does not use the original 140 case design (except the PowerBook 100), thus was the only one to include a 68040 processor, a trackpad rather than the standard trackball, and along with the 150 the only ones to provide for more than 14MB RAM expansion and larger, less-expensive IDE drives. The 190 was the de facto replacement for the PowerBook 500 series, which was completely discontinued with the introduction of the 5300 and the only 68040-based PowerBook Apple offered.
Sales figures for the 190 are unavailable, but in any event it did not benefit from reports of "exploding battery syndrome," where the similar 5300 factory-default lithium-ion battery could short-circuit and burst into flames. Apple quickly offered a recall on all such batteries. The PowerBook 190 series used a nickel metal hydride battery which did not exhibit this problem.
Production of the 190 halted in June 1996, while the 190cs was sold until October of that year, when it was replaced by the PowerBook 1400cs.
External links
Apple's datasheets: PowerBook 190, PowerBook 190cs
apple-history.com: PowerBook 190, PowerBook 190cs
190
68k Macintosh computers | laptop Build Quality | 0.356 | 14,271 |
Laptop–tablet convergence
Laptop–tablet convergence describes the tendency in recent years for laptops and tablet computers to converge technologically.
In 2011, Canonical announced Ubuntu Touch, an attempt to bring Ubuntu to mobile devices such as phones and tablets. It is still under development.
In 2012, Windows 8 was released, which included the Metro UI, a touch-style UI framework for desktop applications. Microsoft encouraged application developers to develop Metro versions of their applications.
In 2014, Google announced that by late 2014, Chrome OS would allow Android apps to be run, meaning that Chromebooks and Chromeboxes would be able to access ordinary web applications, packaged Chrome OS apps, and also Android apps.
See also
Laplet
Convertible tablet
References
Mobile computers
Laptops
Tablet computers | laptop Build Quality | 0.354 | 14,272 |
ThinkStation
The ThinkStation products from Lenovo are professional workstations designed for high-end computing. In 2008, Lenovo expanded the focus of its "THINK" brand to include workstations, with the ThinkStation S10 being the first model released. In 2014, Lenovo introduced the P Series workstations.
2021
P350
P350 is the successor of model P340, with the 11th generation of Intel CPUs and PCIe4 storages.
2020
P340
P340 is the successor of model P330, with the 10th generation of Intel CPUs.
2019
2018
P330
Lenovo described the P330, available in three form factors, as "entry-level workstations". As the middle digit of the model number implied, these replacements for the 320 series represented a new generation of architecture and design language. The P330 series was available with 8th-generation (Coffee Lake) processors, including Xeon E Workstation CPUs.
2017
P520 and P520c
Lenovo announced both of the P520 models in November 2017. The main notable difference beside versions is a RAM slots count (8 slots with maximum of a 256GB RAM in a P520 and 4 slots with only 128 GB in a P520c).
P920 — Hi-end dual-socket solution. Official specs:
Processors: 2x
RAM: 1 (or 2) TB/512 GB (LRDIMM/RDIMM) ECC, DDR4-2666 (16 slots)
Graphics:
Storage:
PSU: 1400W proprietary
2016
P510 — Hi-end single-socket solution. Official specs:
Processor: Up to Intel Xeon E5-2600 v4 (22*2.2 GHz)
RAM: Up to 256GB RDIMM 2400 MHz (8 slots)
Graphics: 2x PCI-e x16 slots, up to NVIDIA Quadro P6000 or Tesla K40 in base
Storage:
PSU: 490 or 650 watt, proprietary
P710 — Regular dual-socket solution. Official specs:
Processors: 2x
RAM:
Graphics:
Storage:
PSU:
P910 — Hi-end dual-socket solution. Official specs:
Processors: 2x
RAM: 896GB/512 GB (LRDIMM/RDIMM) ECC, DDR4-2400 (16 slots)
Graphics:
Storage:
PSU: 1300W proprietary
2015
P310
The ThinkStation P310 is an "entry-level" workstation and replacement for the P300 ThinkStation. It comes standard with an Intel Xeon E3-1200v5 processor and an Nvidia GPU. It can accommodate up to 64 gigabytes of RAM, and supports Lenovo's FLEX drive system.
P700
The P700 was introduced in November 2015. It has simple black case with red accents that includes numerous places on its front for headphones, a card reader, USB ports, etc. The side panel includes a keyed lock and can be removed by depressing a steel lever. All internal components are modular and designed to be removed and replaced without tools. The P700 uses Intel Xeon processors. Nvidia graphics cards come standard.
Specifications
Processor: Up to 2 x 18-Core E5-2699 v3 2.3/3.6GHz 45MB
RAM: Up to 768GB LRDIMM (384GB RDIMM) 2133MHz – 2 x Quad Channel (12 x (64GB LRDIMM or 32GB RDIMM))
Power: 650W or 850W
2014
P Series
Lenovo launched the P Series at SIGGRAPH 2014 in Vancouver, Canada. The P Series is designed for use in engineering, architecture, professional video, energy production, finance, and other computationally intensive industries. The series includes the P900, P700, P500, and P300 models. The P Series uses Xeon processors from Intel and Quadro video cards from NVIDIA in base. The P300 line uses Haswell-based Xeons and supports dual channel memory. The P500 uses single Haswell-E Xeons and quad channel memory. The P700 uses dual Haswell-E Xeons. The P900 is similar to the P700 but uses multi-PCIe and has enhanced IO. The P Series is ISV-certified for all applications.
The P Series is based on Lenovo's "Flex" system of trays and connectors that are designed to enable toolless upgrades. The Flex Bay at the front of each unit can be configured with an optical drive or a variety of options such card readers and FireWire connections. Drives are installed using Flex Bays that come in 2.5" and 3.5" sizes. Each tray can handle one 3.5" drive or two 2.5" drives. The Flex Connector is a mezzanine card that links the motherboard via PCIe to SATA, SAS, and RAID devices without using up card slots.
P500 — Hi-end single-socket solution. Official specs:
Processor: Intel Xeon E5-2699 v3 (18*2.67 GHz)
RAM: Up to 512/256GB LRDIMM/RDIMM 2133 MHz (8 slots)
Graphics: 2x PCI-e x16 slots, up to NVIDIA Quadro M6000 or Tesla K20 in base.
Storage:
PSU: 490 or 650 watt, proprietary
2013
S30
The Lenovo ThinkStation S30 was introduced in 2013. It features Intel Sandy Bridge chipsets and processors and was later upgraded to Intel Ivy Bridge Core i5\i7 and Intel Xeon processors from four cores (e.g. Intel Xeon E5-1620 v2) up to 12-cores such as the high-end model Intel Xeon E5-2697 v2).
E32
On August 21, 2013 Lenovo introduced the ThinkStation E32 series professional workstation that is available in either a tower or 12.9L small form factor chassis. The E32 incorporates the latest Intel Haswell chip set and supports the Intel Xeon E3 and 4th generation processors as well as the Intel Core i7 and Core i5 series processors. The E32 supports both on board Intel HD Graphics P4600 as well as NVIDIA NVS Business Graphics or Quadro 3D graphics cards up to the K4000. The E32 supports up to 32 GB of 1600 MHz, DDR3 ECC memory in both form factors and has USB 3.0 ports on the front and rear of the chassis for a total of six USB 3.0 ports.
As are all Lenovo ThinkStations, the E32 is fully ISV certified for applications suites from Autodesk, Adobe, Dassault Systèmes, PTC, Siemens as well as others. The E32 makes it an ideal entry level platform for CAD and AEC users. Both the E32 tower and SFF workstations are reliable and green, offering 80 Plus Platinum certification with up to 92% power efficiency. Due to the integration of the Intel Haswell micro architecture and Microsoft officially ending support for the Windows XP operating system in April 2014, the E32 is the first workstation that does not support the installation of Windows XP.
2012
D30
The ThinkStation D30 is a full-sized traditional tower workstation released in 2012. As is typical for ThinkStations the front panel features a perforated honeycomb shaped pattern. The D30 can hold up to two Intel Xeon eight-core processors that feature hyperthreading in order to support the processing of up to 32 simultaneous streams of data. Video is powered by Nvidia Quadro graphics cards. The D30 scored a very high 25.31 points on the Cinebench test of 3D rendering. For comparison, the late 2012 Apple Mac Pro only scored 7.36 points on the same test.
In a review of the D30 PC Magazine wrote, "Sometimes, you just need to bring out the big stick, and the Lenovo ThinkStation D30 is that big stick. The sheer power of the dual eight-core Xeon CPUs plus the ability to add on more powerful Nvidia Quadro cards means that this is a system to scorch project deadlines in minutes rather than hours, or hours instead of days. Our last dual-processor workstation Editors' Choice was the Lenovo ThinkStation C20, which amazed us by putting dual Xeon CPUs in a more compact chassis. The Lenovo ThinkStation D30 now usurps that mantle, as the dual-processor workstation Editors' Choice. It wins with power, expandability, and a ruthless devotion to get your project done before any of your rivals can."
C30
The ThinkStation C30 is a high-end dual-processor workstation designed for use in video editing, engineering, and finance. The C30 is slightly smaller than a full-sized tower but still comes with two PCI slots, two free PCIe x16 card slots for graphics cards, a free PCIe x4 slot, and space for two free hard drive bays. Two Intel Xeon E5-2620 processors, 16GB of ECC DDR3 system memory, a Nvidia Quadro 4000 graphics card, and a 500GB hard drive come standard. There is an option to rack mount the C30.
PC Magazine wrote, "The Lenovo ThinkStation C30 is a very good dual-processor workstation. It is a powerhouse for the space constrained financial, DCC, or engineering user in your organization. The system therefore comes highly recommended, but its roomier, more powerful, and more expensive big brother the Lenovo ThinkStation D30 holds on to the Editors' Choice for dual-processor workstations for the time being for having a lot more power and being more flexible for future upgrades."
2011
The ThinkStation workstation released by Lenovo in 2011 was the E30.
E30
Announced in March 2011, the E30 workstation could be equipped with either Intel Core i or Intel Xeon processors. The workstation could be equipped with either 80GB or 160GB solid state drives. Discrete graphics were available on the workstation, in the form of NVIDIA Quadro or NVS graphics.
When the E30 was launched, Tao Gu, the executive director and general manager of Lenovo’s Workstation Business Unit said, "We created the ThinkStation E30 workstation to offer extremely powerful processing on a software-certified solution at desktop prices."
Detailed specifications of the workstation are as follows:
Processor: up to 3.5 GHz Intel Xeon E3-1280
RAM: Up to 16GB DDR3 1333 MHz ECC (4 slots)
Integrated Graphics:
Intel HD 3000 or HD P3000
2D Graphics: up to NVIDIA Quadro NVS 450 (512MB)
3D Graphics: up to NVIDIA Quadro 2000 (1GB)
Storage:
Up to 2TB 7200RPM SATA
Up to 600GB 10000RPM SATA
Up to 160GB SSD
Dimensions (mm): 412 x 175 x 420
Weight:
2010
The ThinkStation workstations released by Lenovo in 2010 were the C20 and E20.
C20
The C20 workstation was compact, designed to be easy to mount on a rack. This compact size allowed up to 14 workstations to be stacked in a standard 42U rack. It also meant that users who used a single workstation were offered extra space either on or beneath their desk.
Detailed specifications of the workstation are as follows:
Processor: 2x 2.67 GHz Intel Xeon E5650
RAM: Up to 48GB 1066 MHz (6 slots)
Graphics: NVIDIA Quadro FX 4800 (dual)
Storage: 500GB
Operating System: Windows 7 Professional (64 bit)
Optical Drive: One 5.25" bay, with DVD- or Blu-ray reader/writer
SLASHGEAR stated that they “had trouble slowing the C20 down – this isn’t a PC where opening a few dozen browser windows will cause lag – and it stayed admirably quiet too (though fan noise did ramp up as the system was stressed during benchmark testing)”. The reviewer also stated that the price would be far too high for most people to afford.
The reviewer summed up the workstation by saying, “Graphics professionals, video editors or anyone looking to do vast amounts of crunching in minimal amounts of time, however – and without turning their office into a server farm – should definitely be considering the C20.”
In addition, since the machine was designed as a workstation used by graphic professionals and video editors it was not intended to replace high end gaming machines.
PCMag received the workstation positively saying, “The Lenovo ThinkStation C20 should be at the top of your list if you're looking for an ISV-certified Windows 7-based workstation.” The workstation was awarded 4 out of 5 stars by PCMag and given an Editor’s Choice award.
The workstation has been certified by several ISVs, including:
Autodesk: 3ds Max (2008/2009), Alias Studio 2008, AutoCad 2008, Maya (2008 Extension 2/2009/2010), Softimage 2010
Dassault Systèmes: Catia (V5R18/V5R19/V6R2009x), SolidWorks
PTC: CoCreate Modeling, Pro/E Wildfire 4.0, Pro/E Wildfire 5.0
Siemens: NX 4, NX 5
E20
The E20 workstation was called ‘a “real” workstation for the price of a consumer PC’ by PCMag. It received the “Honorable Mention” award in PCMag’s “Best of the Year” 2010 awards. The workstation also included several environmentally friendly features. Among these were Energy Star 5.0 and GREENGUARD certifications. The workstation incorporated 66% recycled plastics, with several recycling programs available from Lenovo once the workstation reached end-of-life.
Desktop Review received the workstation positively saying, “Quiet, capable and offering excellent build quality, the ThinkStation E20 is a good option for those in need of a workstation's benefits in a slimmer, more efficient package.” The workstation was awarded 4 out of 5 stars by Desktop Review.
Detailed specifications of the workstation are as follows:
Processor: 3.2 GHz Intel Core i5-650
RAM: base 4 GB (4 slots)
Storage: 500 GB
Graphics: NVIDIA Quadro FX 580
Optical Drive: Dual-Layer DVD+/-RW
Operating System: Microsoft Windows 7 Professional
The workstation has received certifications from several ISVs, including:
Autodesk: AutoCad (2009-2011)
Dassault Systèmes: Catia V5, SolidWorks (2009-2011)
2009
The ThinkStation workstations released by Lenovo in 2009 were the S20 and D20.
S20
The S20 workstation was released by Lenovo in 2009 and had significant expansion options. The workstation included a PCI, PCIe x1, and two PCIe x16 slots. The workstation also included space for a second optical drive, and two additional 3.5 inch hard disk drive bays. There were also 10 USB ports and 1 eSATA port. However, there was no standard Firewire port. The S20 workstation also included several environmentally friendly certifications including EPEAT Gold, RoHS, Energy Star 5.0 and GREENGUARD.
Detailed specifications of the workstation are given below:
Processor: 2.93 GHz Intel Xeon W3540
RAM: 4 GB DDR3 ECC 1333, up to 24GB (6 slots)
Storage: 500 GB
Graphics: NVIDIA Quadro FX 4800
Optical Drive: Dual-Layer DVD reader/writer
Operating System: Microsoft Windows Vista Business
The S20, like other workstations in the ThinkStation product line, has been certified by multiple ISVs, including:
Autodesk: 3ds Max (2008/2009), AutoCAD 2008, Inventor (2008/2009), Maya (2008 Extension 2/2009/2010), Softimage 2010
Dassault Systèmes: Catia (V5R18/V5R19/V6R2009x), SolidWorks (2007/2008/2009/2010)
Siemens: NX 4, NX 5
D20
Also released in 2010 along with the S20, the D20 workstation was reported by Desktop Engineering as bearing a strong resemblance to the S20, although it was noticeably larger. According to Desktop Engineering, the D20 workstation delivered very high scores on their benchmark tests, both for Windows XP and Windows Vista. Despite the presence of several fans, the workstation was reported to be nearly silent after the initial boot.
Detailed specifications for the workstation are as follows:
Processors: Up to 2x 2.67 GHz Intel Xeon X5550
RAM: 8GB DDR3 SDRAM (1333 MHz) up to 96 GB (UDIMM) or 192GB (RDIMM) (12 slots)
Graphics: NVIDIA Quadro FX 4800
Storage: two 500GB 7200RPM SATA (in RAID 0 array)
Optical Drive: 16x dual-layer DVD reader/writer
2008
The ThinkStation workstations released by Lenovo in 2008 were the S10 and D10.
S10
In its review of the S10, Trusted Reviews indicated that the workstation used a consumer chipset – while also saying, “Looking at the available specifications, there's nothing to raise suspicion that these machines may underperform.”
Detailed specifications of the workstation are as follows:
Processor: Up to Intel Core 2 Quad QX6850
RAM: Up to 8GB DDR3-1066 ECC (4 slots)
Graphics: 2x PCI-e x16, 1x PCI-e x4.
NVIDIA Quadro NVS 290 (256MB VRAM)
NVIDIA Quadro FX 370 (256MB VRAM)
NVIDIA Quadro FX 1700 (512MB VRAM)
NVIDIA Quadro FX4600 (768MB VRAM)
Storage:
Up to 750GB 7200RPM SATA
Up to 300GB 15000RPM SAS
Optical Drive: Two 5.25" bays, DVD or Blu-ray Burner
Form Factor: mid-tower
Dimensions (mm): 426 x 175 x 483
Power supply: 650 Watt, ATX
D10
For the D10 workstation, Lenovo incorporated server grade chipset and processors, as opposed to the S10. The Intel 5400a chipset used in the workstation supported two Intel Xeon processors and 64GB RAM. The size of the workstation’s motherboard necessitated a larger case to accommodate it. However, the increase in size offered additional drive bays. The case could also be mounted on a rack.
The detailed specifications of the D10 workstation are as follows:
Processors: Up to 2x Intel Xeon E5365
Chipset: Intel 5400a
RAM: up to 64 GB DDR2-667 ECC FB-DIMM 240-pin Fully Buffered (8 slots)
Graphics: 2x PCI-e x16
NVIDIA Quadro NVS 290 (256MB VRAM)
NVIDIA Quadro FX 370 (256MB VRAM)
NVIDIA Quadro FX 1700 (512MB VRAM)
NVIDIA Quadro FX4600 (768MB VRAM)
Storage:
Up to 750GB 7200RPM SATA
Up to 300GB 15000RPM SAS
Optical Drive: Three 5.25" bays, DVD or Blu-ray Burner
Form Factor: Tower
Dimensions (mm): 434 x 210 x 602
Power supply: 1000 Watt Proprietary
See also
Dell Precision
Mac Pro
Fujitsu Celsius
HP Z
References
Lenovo computers
Computer workstations
Computer-related introductions in 2008 | laptop Build Quality | 0.354 | 14,273 |
Lenovo ThinkPad X220
The Lenovo ThinkPad X220 is a laptop computer from the ThinkPad series that was manufactured by Lenovo. A tablet version was also released.
Modifications
The keyboard from the X220 has been retrofitted in a X230.
References
External links
Arch Linux wiki - X220
Thinkwiki.de - X220
Lenovo | laptop Build Quality | 0.354 | 14,274 |
Criticism of desktop Linux
Criticism of desktop Linux is a history of comment on the perceived shortcomings of the Linux operating system when installed on desktop computers. These criticisms have been aimed at the plethora of issues and lack of consistency between Linux distributions, their usefulness and ease of use as desktop systems for general end users, driver support and issues with multi-media playback and audio development.
While smartphones running the Linux-based Android mobile operating system dominate the smartphone market, and Linux is used on most servers, as of 2021 exclusively run on the world's 500 fastest supercomputers, and is used on the New York Stock Exchange, Linux-based operating systems have failed to achieve widespread adoption on personal computers.
Viability of Linux as a desktop system
Linus Torvalds has expressed that he intended the Linux kernel to be used in desktop operating systems. He argues that Android is widely used because it comes pre-installed on new phones, and that Linux distributions would need to be bundled on new computers to gain market share.
Linux has been criticized for a number of reasons, including lack of user-friendliness and having a steep learning curve, being inadequate for desktop use, lacking support for some hardware, having a relatively small games library, lacking native versions of widely used applications.
Some critics do not believe Linux will ever gain a large share in the desktop market. In May 2009 Preston Gralla, contributing editor to Computerworld.com, believed that Linux would never be important to desktop/notebook users, even though he felt it was simple and straightforward to use, but that its low usage was indicative of its low importance in the desktop market.
In his essay Luxury of Ignorance: An Open-Source Horror Story, Eric S. Raymond stated that the lack of usability in many open-source and Linux tools is not from lack of manuals but from a lack of thought about the users' experience.
James Donald from Princeton University analyzed shared library concepts of several operating systems. In his 2003 paper titled Improved Portability of Shared Libraries, he worried about the lack of a Windows Application Compatibility Group equivalent.
Missed opportunities
Desktop Linux was criticized in late 2010 for having missed its opportunity to become a significant force in desktop computing. PC World executive editor Robert Strohmeyer commented that although Linux has exceptional security and stability, as well as great performance and usability, the time for desktop Linux to succeed has been missed. Nick Farrell, writing for TechEye, felt that the release of the poorly-received Windows Vista was a missed opportunity to grab significant market share.
Both critics indicated that Linux did not fail on the desktop due to being "too geeky," "too hard to use," or "too obscure". Both had praise for distributions, Strohmeyer saying "the best-known distribution, Ubuntu, has received high marks for usability from every major player in the technology press". Both laid the blame for this failure on the open-source community. Strohmeyer named the "fierce ideology of the open-source community at large" as being responsible, while Farrell stated "The biggest killer of putting penguin software on the desktop was the Linux community. If you think the Apple fanboys are completely barking, they are role models of sanity to the loudmouthed Open Sauce religious loonies who are out there. Like many fundamentalists they are totally inflexible — waving a GNU as if it were handed down by God to Richard Stallman".
The accusation of over-zealous advocacy has been dealt with previously; in 2006 Dominic Humphries stated that the aims of the Linux
community are not desktop market-share or popularity, but in Linux being the best operating system that can be made for the community.
Criticisms
Choice and fragmentation
A criticism often leveled against Linux is the abundance of distributions available. As of January 2022, DistroWatch lists 239 active distributions. Critics cite the large number as cause for confusion to prospective users and argue it is a factor preventing the widespread adoption of Linux on consumer desktops. Alexander Wolfe wrote in InformationWeek:
Along with the argument that forking and the resulting fragmentation divides and wastes development efforts and resources, it is asserted that with the lack of standardization between distributions for software libraries, package managers, configurations, as well as the varied desktop environments, the resulting incompatibilities also make it more difficult for application developers and software maintainers since applications have to be adapted to run on each distribution or family of distributions. This fragmentation also complicates software installation, forcing non-technical users who cannot build applications from source and resolve dependency issues by themselves to rely on precompiled packages from distribution-specific software repositories, which have a more or less limited selection of applications and typically lag behind the latest releases as the software has to be picked up by the software maintainer and packaged to run on the specific distribution and release. Caitlyn Martin from LinuxDevCenter wrote critically on the lack of standardization and compatibility between distributions:
However, Linux advocates have defended the large number of distributions as promoting of freedom of choice and describe the diversity as a key strength. Jim Lynch from InfoWorld wrote:
Attempts have been made to standardize Linux distributions through the Linux Standard Base in order to make software more compatible across distributions; however, it had very limited adoption. Projects such as AppImage, Flatpak, and Snappy are seeking to remedy the issue of software fragmentation by instead packaging applications with all the required dependencies to enable them to run as portable applications independent of the libraries, configuration and idiosyncrasies of a particular distribution, but even this approach has been criticized of fragmentation.
Third-party application development
Linux desktop operating systems are criticized for the difficulty of developing third-party applications for the platforms, with distribution fragmentation, insistence on using shared libraries instead of including the libraries with the application, and lack of concern given to keeping APIs consistent and backwards compatible being cited as factors. This particularly causes difficulties for closed-source applications, which are distributed exclusively as binaries, since the burden of ensuring compatibility with the myriad of Linux distributions and release versions is borne solely by the developer. Dirk Hohndel, VMware's Chief Open Source Officer, criticized the lack of standardization across distributions for creating an unfriendly environment for application development, writing that it "basically tells app developers ‘go away, focus on platforms that care about applications. Miguel de Icaza, founder of the GNOME desktop environment, regards the disregard of backwards compatibility as a cultural issue with the Linux development community:
Tony Mobily, editor of Free Software Magazine, identified problems in the server roots of Linux in his article 2009: software installation in GNU/Linux is still broken – and a path to fixing it:
In August 2014 on the DebConf in Portland Linus Torvalds also voiced his unhappiness with the binary application packaging for the Linux distro ecosystem:
Audio development
The lack of strong API standards for multimedia has been criticised. For example, the Adobe Systems development blog penguin.SWF discusses the complicated Linux audio infrastructure in the analysis Welcome to the jungle. The nearly one dozen actively supported systems are called an audio jungle.
PulseAudio main developer Lennart Poettering stated that it is very difficult for programmers to know which audio API to use for which purpose.
Driver support
Linux has in the past been criticized for a lack of driver support; however, this was largely due to manufacturers not supporting the Linux system. It wasn't until 2004 that ATI started development of Linux drivers. Major adoption of Linux in servers and Android has encouraged driver development for Linux.
Wireless support
Wireless driver support has been a problem area for Linux. At one time many drivers were missing and users were required to use solutions such as ndiswrapper, which utilizes drivers made for the Windows operating system. Broadcom was particularly criticized for not releasing drivers. This issue was also worked around by extracting proprietary firmware for use on Linux. Broadcom has since released free and open-source drivers for the Linux kernel, eliminating the issues for modern Broadcom chipsets.
The problem has been largely fixed in recent years and there are now a fairly large number of drivers, adding support to most wireless cards available today. However, many features are still missing from these drivers, mostly due to manufacturers not providing specifications and documentation, and thus forcing developers to reverse engineer cards.
Directory structure
The traditional directory structure, which is a heritage from Linux's Unix roots in the 1970s, has been criticized as inappropriate for desktop end users. In particular, the Linux directory structure is criticized for scattering application-specific components in different system directories instead of keeping them in a common application-specific directory. Some Linux distributions like GoboLinux and moonOS have proposed alternative hierarchies that were argued to be easier for end users, though such proposals have achieved little acceptance.
See also
Criticism of Linux
Linux on the desktop
References
Linux Desktop
Linux | laptop Build Quality | 0.353 | 14,275 |
PowerBook G4
The PowerBook G4 is a series of notebook computers manufactured, marketed, and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. between 2001 and 2006 as part of its PowerBook line of notebooks. The PowerBook G4 runs on the RISC-based PowerPC G4 processor, designed by the AIM (Apple/IBM/Motorola) development alliance and initially produced by Motorola. It was built later by Freescale, after Motorola spun off its semiconductor business under that name in 2004. The PowerBook G4 has two different designs: one enclosed in a titanium body with a translucent black keyboard and a 15-inch screen; and another in an aluminum body with an aluminum-colored keyboard, in 12-inch, 15-inch, and 17-inch sizes.
Between 2001 and 2003, Apple produced the titanium PowerBook G4; between 2003 and 2006, the aluminum models were produced. Both models were hailed for their modern design, long battery life, and processing power. When the aluminum PowerBook G4s were first released in January 2003, 12-inch and 17-inch models were introduced first, while the 15-inch model retained the titanium body until September 2003, when a new aluminum 15-inch PowerBook was released. The aluminum 15-inch model also includes a FireWire 800 port, which had been included with the 17-inch model since its debut nine months earlier.
The PowerBook G4 is the last generation of the PowerBook series, and was succeeded by the Intel-powered MacBook Pro line in the first half of 2006. The latest version of OS X that any PowerBook G4 can run is Mac OS X Leopard, released in 2007. When Apple switched to Intel x86 processors in 2006, the PowerBook G4's form and aluminum chassis were retained for the MacBook Pro.
Titanium PowerBook G4
The first generation of the PowerBook G4 was announced at Steve Jobs' MacWorld Expo keynote on January 9, 2001. The two models featured a PowerPC G4 processor running at either 400 or 500 MHz, housed in a titanium-clad case that was 1 inch (25 mm) deep. This was 0.7 inches (18 mm) shallower than the G4's predecessor, the PowerBook G3. The G4 was among the first laptops to use a screen with a widescreen aspect ratio. It also featured a front-mounted slot-loading optical drive. The notebook was given the unofficial nickname "TiBook", after the titanium case and the PowerBook brand name; it was sold alongside the cheaper iBook. The 1 GHz version of the Titanium G4 is the last, and fastest, PowerBook that can natively run Mac OS 9 (version 9.2.2).
Industrial design
The initial design of the PowerBook G4 was developed by Apple hardware designers Jory Bell, Nick Merz, and Danny Delulis. The ODM Quanta also helped in the design. The new machine was a sharp departure from the black plastic, curvilinear PowerBook G3 models that preceded it. The orientation of the Apple logo on the computer's lid was switched so that it would "read" correctly to onlookers when the computer was in use. PowerBook G3 and prior models presented it right-side-up from the perspective of the computer's owner when the lid was closed. Apple's industrial design team, headed by British designer Jonathan Ive, converged around a minimalist aesthetic—the Titanium G4's design language laid the groundwork for the Aluminum PowerBook G4, the MacBook Pro, the Power Mac G5, the flat-screen iMac, the Xserve, and the Mac mini.
Quality issues
The hinges on the Titanium PowerBook display are notorious for breaking under typical use. Usually the hinge (which is shaped like an L) will break just to the left of where it attaches to the lower case on the right hinge, and just to the right on the left hinge (where the right hinge is on the right side of the computer when the optical drive is facing the user). When the 667 MHz and 800 MHz "DVI" PowerBooks were introduced, Apple changed the hinge design slightly to strengthen it. At least one aftermarket manufacturer began producing sturdier replacement hinges to address this problem, though actually performing the repair is difficult as the display bezel is glued together. In addition some discolouration, bubbling or peeling of paint on the outer bezel occurred, notably around the area where the palm would rest while using the trackpad, and around the rear of the hinges where paint on the back of the machine was often worn off. This appeared on early models but not on later Titanium PowerBooks.
Display issues
The video cable is routed around the left-side hinge. This will cause the cable to weaken under heavy usage. Many owners have reported display problems such as random lines or a jumbled screen, although few have replaced just the video cable to successfully resolve this problem. There is also a backlight cable that might fail; one option is to replace either or both cables before replacing LCDs.
Models
Aluminum PowerBook G4
In 2003, Apple introduced a new line of PowerBook G4s with 12-, 15-, and 17-inch screens and aluminum cases. The new notebooks not only brought a different design to the PowerBook G4 line but also laid down the foundation for Apple’s notebook design for the next five years, replaced initially in January 2008 by the MacBook Air and the subsequent MacBook and MacBook Pro redesigns in October. The 15" titanium model was still available until September 16, 2003, when the Aluminum model replaced it. Notably, the 12" model brought a welcome return to the Apple subnotebook configuration, conspicuously lacking in their product line since the discontinuation of the PowerBook 2400 in 1998. While the titanium PowerBook G4s were capable of booting into Mac OS 9 or Mac OS X operating systems, the aluminum PowerBook G4s could only boot into Mac OS X. Both series of machines could run Mac OS 9 in Classic mode from within Mac OS X.
Industrial design
The aluminum PowerBook G4 was designed by Apple's Vice President of Industrial Design, Jonathan Ive, and used a radically different design from the preceding titanium models. The most obvious change was the use of aluminum, not titanium, to manufacture the body. The keyboard, which was originally black, was changed to match the color of the body. Additionally, the aluminum keyboard was backlit on the 17" model and on one of the 15" models. This was the first case of keyboard internal backlighting seen on a notebook computer. The design was considered superior to most other notebooks when it debuted in 2003, and consequently, it made the PowerBook G4 one of the most desirable notebooks on the market. The external design of Apple's professional laptops continued to remain similar to the aluminum PowerBook G4 until the Spotlight on Notebooks event on October 14, 2008.
Quality issues
Some owners have experienced failure of the lower memory slot on some of the 15" models, with the typical repair being the replacement of the logic board. Apple had started a Repair Extension Program concerning the issue, but it has been noted that some models displaying the issue have not been included. This leaves certain PowerBook G4 owners with only a maximum of 1 GB of RAM to use instead of a full 2 GB.
Apple previously had a Repair Extension Program to fix the "white spot" issue on its 15" PowerBook displays.
There has also been a rash of reports concerning sudden and pervasive sleeping of 1.5 and 1.67 GHz models known as Narcoleptic Aluminum PowerBook Syndrome. Symptoms include the PowerBook suddenly entering sleep mode, regardless of the battery level or whether the PowerBook is plugged in. One cause is the ambient light sensing, and associated instruction set coding, with possible keyboard backlight and sleep light issues accompanying the so-called "narcolepsy". Another cause is the trackpad area heat sensor; system logs report "Power Management received emergency overtemp signal. Going to sleep.".
To correct this, service groups will often replace the logic board or power converter, but the actual fix (depending on the model) for the first cause is to replace or remove the left or right ambient light sensors; and for the second cause, disconnect, remove, or replace the heat sensor, or the entire top case which holds the trackpad heat sensor. Alternatively, there are reports which detail success in removing certain sensor kernel extensions or rebuilding the kernel using the Darwin Open Source project after commenting out the relevant sleepSystem() call; permanent resolution of the sleep issue in this manner is little documented.
The 1.67 GHz model may suffer from manufacturing or design defects in its display. Initial reports pointed to this only being a problem with type M9689 17" PowerBooks introduced in Q2 2005, but then this problem was also seen in displays replaced by Apple Service Providers in this period (e.g. because of the bright spots issue). The devices were the last 17" models shipped with the matte 1440×900 pixel low-resolution display. After many months of usage, the displays may show permanently shining lines of various colors stretching vertically across the LCD. Often this will start with one-pixel-wide vertical lines being "stuck" in an "always-on" mode. Various sites have been set up documenting this issue.
On May 20, 2005, Apple recalled 12-inch iBook G4, and 12- and 15-inch PowerBook G4 batteries (model number A1061, first 5 characters HQ441 – HQ507 for the iBook, model # A1079, serial # 3X446 – 3X510 for 12" PowerBook, model # A1078, serial # 3X446 – 3X509.) They were recalled due to short-circuiting which caused overheating and explosion. The batteries were made by LG Chemical, in Taiwan and China. Apple has since removed the recall from its website.
Models
Discontinuation
One major factor that led to the discontinuation of the PowerBook G4 was Apple's internal experimentation with the PowerPC G5 for the company's next line professional-grade notebooks at that time. The G5 powered Apple's Power Mac G5 and iMac G5 computers but proved to be too power-hungry and heat-intensive to use in a notebook form factor. The stalling development of the G5 is also said to be another main factor in the Mac's transition from PowerPC to Intel processors.
After awaiting a new professional-grade notebook to replace the G4, on January 10, 2006, Apple released the 15" MacBook Pro, its first Intel-based notebook. A 17" version of the MacBook Pro followed on April 24, 2006. The new "MacBook Pro" name was given to the new series of notebooks after Apple changed the portable naming schemes from "Power" for professional products (and "i" for consumer products), in favor of including "Mac" in the title of all computer lines, with the suffix "Pro" denoting a pro product. Finally, on May 16, 2006, the 12" PowerBook G4 and the G4 iBook were discontinued and replaced by the 13.3" MacBook, ending the whole PowerBook line.
However, a replacement for the 12" subnotebook form factor (i.e. the 12" PowerBook G4) was not immediately forthcoming; the MacBook Air, released in 2008, served as an indirect replacement while the 13" MacBook Pro released in 2009 is the direct replacement for the 12" PowerBook G4. Apple returned to the 12" screen size with the MacBook released in 2015.
Supported Mac OS releases
References
General
15-inch PowerBook G4 Developer Note
17-inch PowerBook G4 Developer Note
Mactracker Detailed information on Apple Macintosh computers.
External links
Apple - Support - PowerBook G4
Video of Jobs launching PowerBook G4 Titanium at Macworld 2001
Video of Jobs launching PowerBook G4 Aluminum at Macworld 2003
PowerBook G4, EveryMac.com
Alu G4 Disassembly
G4
PowerPC Macintosh computers
Computer-related introductions in 2000 | laptop Build Quality | 0.353 | 14,276 |
IBM ThinkPad 701
The IBM ThinkPad 701 is a subnotebook series from the ThinkPad line by IBM consisting of the 701C and 701Cs models based on the Intel 486. The 701 is colloquially known as the Butterfly ThinkPad due to its sliding keyboard, which was designed by John Karidis. It was developed from 1993 and sold from March 1995 until later that year and priced between $1,499 and $3,299. The 701 was the most sold laptop in 1995 and has received 27 design awards. The series was discontinued due to newer laptops having larger screens.
Background
The 701 was a collaboration project between the manufacturing facility at the Research Triangle Park near Raleigh, North Carolina in the US and the development facility at IBM Yamato in Japan. The concept of the keyboard was first developed as a photocopy of a keyboard in spring 1993. In the summer, a plexiglass prototype was developed. The decision to fund the notebook was made in the fall of 1993, with the introduction planned a year later. Because the process was delayed, it used the Intel 486 instead of the faster Pentium when it was released. The keyboard was designed by with John Karidis, Sam Lucente and Robert Tennant. Richard Sapper has been responsible for the overall ThinkPad design. Other contributors include Lawrence Stone, Michael King, Martin Tucker and Gerard McVicker.
Naming
The 701 was codenamed butterfly internally at IBM, and engineers also wanted to use this name as the official one. The IBM legal department did not allow the name of living creatures for products. It was part of the subnotebook series like the ThinkPad 500, but they did not want to attach the same name to this model due to bad sales of the previous 500 model. The 600 series was a reserved name, so they used the 700 series which was intended for the high-end models.
Marketing
IBM bought advertising space in major newspapers, in the lower corner or on the upper right side of a page. They only used an image of a butterfly without anything else. Days later, they added the IBM logo with a butterfly icon. A couple of days later, the text "Watch for the announcement" was added.
After the announcement, IBM received a legal threat about the usage of the name "butterfly" by someone known only as George, as it violated their company's trademark on a supercomputer product named Butterfly. IBM replied that they did not plan to use it as a brand name, and no legal action or further correspondence took place.
Specifications
The subnotebook series was released in different variations, with either the Intel DX2 or Intel DX4, LCD with dual scan or TFT active matrix. They were sold with different disk sizes. They all contained the same graphics chips and preinstalled software, except for the DX4 versions which were dual booted with IBM OS/2. It was based on the AT bus and could be extended with a Dock II type.
Keyboard
Officially known as the TrackWrite, but commonly known and code-named as the butterfly keyboard, is a foldout laptop computer keyboard designed by John Karidis for IBM. It allowed the 701 series to be both compact (when closed) and comfortable to use (when open), despite being just 24.6 cm (9.7 in) wide with a 26.4 cm (10.4 in) VGA LCD.
The butterfly keyboard is split into two roughly triangular pieces that slide as the laptop's lid is opened or closed. As the lid is opened both pieces slide out to the sides, followed by one piece sliding downward. The two halves mesh to form a keyboard 29.2 cm (11.5 in) wide which overhangs the sides of the laptop body. Conversely, as the lid is closed one piece slides back, then both slide inward until the keyboard can be covered by the lid. The movement of the keyboard is driven by a cam on the lid's hinge, so the motions of the keyboard parts are always synchronized with the movement of the lid.
Reception
In a 1995 review of the 701C by InfoWorld the full-sized keyboard, large matrix screen and built-in multimedia features were positively noted. The nonstandard I/O ports were seen negatively. The ThinkPad 701 has received 27 design awards, including the "Good Design Award" from CES Innovation and "1995 Product of the year" in the subnotebook category from InfoWorld. Domus noted in a 2019 article that: "Even today, this portable PC amazes anyone who sees it open and close, and more than twenty years have gone by.". The 701C was the top selling laptop of 1995. Walt Mossberg considered it the most unusual and clever laptop he ever reviewed. Clint Basinger from Lazy Game Reviews considered it one of the least enjoyable ThinkPads to use due to limitations but also noted that the keyboard is very satisfying to look at and show off. The laptop is still being popular by collectors, 26 years after its release.
According to John Karidis, the IBM ThinkPad 700 succeeded because of the large screen size and full-sized keyboard, while other companies cramped their keyboards and failed. Karidis observed that the limiting factor in the laptop size was the keyboard width and that the screen and keyboard surface were equal with different aspect ratios.
The laptop is being displayed in the design collection of the Museum of Modern Art in Manhattan, New York, Die Neue Sammlung in Munich, Germany and in the Computer History Museum. The ThinkPad 701 was briefly shown in 1995 James Bond film GoldenEye, Blood Diamond and Mission Impossible.
Discontinuation
The 701 series was discontinued on 21 December 1995. This was due to newer laptop models containing larger screens, so the laptop could contain a full sized keyboard without a folding mechanism. Other companies were also moving to Pentium processors. The 701 series has been described as a product that had innovative features that were well received in the market, but the total package missed the competitive mark.
Further developments
A few months after the release of the 701, the ThinkPad 760 was released which is based on the original Intel Pentium processor.
In 2003, ZDNet reported that the IBM Design Center was experimenting with new laptop models that included a butterfly keyboard. David Hill stated that he tried to bring back the butterfly design, but was not able to do so. Business Insider has argued in a 2017 article that Lenovo (who took over the ThinkPad line from IBM) should bring back the butterfly keyboard design. In 2014 it was reported by Hackaday that it was possible to desolder the original Intel DX4 and replace it with a faster Am5x86. In 2021, Lenovo has filed a patent for a keyboard that is similar to the one used in the 701.
See also
Ergonomic keyboard
List of computer size categories
References
External links
Hardware maintenance manual
Patent US6262881B1 - Compact notebook computer with movable keyboard section
Official website - IBM.com
Craig's IBM Butterfly Page
The Butterfly (in Japanese)
Commercial by IBM
Japanese IBM ThinkPad 701C brochure
Battery replacement guide
Remembering the ThinkPad 701C
IBM Thinkpad 701C Factory Restore Disk Image with OS/2 Warp and Windows 3.1
IBM ThinkPad 701C, Complete Restoration!
IBM laptops
Computer keyboard models
ThinkPad | laptop Build Quality | 0.353 | 14,277 |
Hard disk drive performance characteristics
Higher performance in hard disk drives comes from devices which have better performance characteristics. These performance characteristics can be grouped into two categories: access time and data transfer time (or rate).
Access time
The access time or response time of a rotating drive is a measure of the time it takes before the drive can actually transfer data. The factors that control this time on a rotating drive are mostly related to the mechanical nature of the rotating disks and moving heads. It is composed of a few independently measurable elements that are added together to get a single value when evaluating the performance of a storage device. The access time can vary significantly, so it is typically provided by manufacturers or measured in benchmarks as an average.
The key components that are typically added together to obtain the access time are:
Seek time
Rotational latency
Command processing time
Settle time
Seek time
With rotating drives, the seek time measures the time it takes the head assembly on the actuator arm to travel to the track of the disk where the data will be read or written. The data on the media is stored in sectors which are arranged in parallel circular tracks (concentric or spiral depending upon the device type) and there is an actuator with an arm that suspends a head that can transfer data with that media. When the drive needs to read or write a certain sector it determines in which track the sector is located. It then uses the actuator to move the head to that particular track. If the initial location of the head was the desired track then the seek time would be zero. If the initial track was the outermost edge of the media and the desired track was at the innermost edge then the seek time would be the maximum for that drive. Seek times are not linear compared with the seek distance traveled because of factors of acceleration and deceleration of the actuator arm.
A rotating drive's average seek time is the average of all possible seek times which technically is the time to do all possible seeks divided by the number of all possible seeks, but in practice it is determined by statistical methods or simply approximated as the time of a seek over one-third of the number of tracks.
Seek times & characteristics
The first HDD had an average seek time of about 600 ms. and by the middle 1970s, HDDs were available with seek times of about 25 ms. Some early PC drives used a stepper motor to move the heads, and as a result had seek times as slow as 80–120 ms, but this was quickly improved by voice coil type actuation in the 1980s, reducing seek times to around 20 ms. Seek time has continued to improve slowly over time.
The fastest high-end server drives today have a seek time around 4 ms. Some mobile devices have 15 ms drives, with the most common mobile drives at about 12 ms and the most common desktop drives typically being around 9 ms.
Two other less commonly referenced seek measurements are track-to-track and full stroke. The track-to-track measurement is the time required to move from one track to an adjacent track. This is the shortest (fastest) possible seek time. In HDDs this is typically between 0.2 and 0.8 ms. The full stroke measurement is the time required to move from the outermost track to the innermost track. This is the longest (slowest) possible seek time.
Short stroking
Short stroking is a term used in enterprise storage environments to describe an HDD that is purposely restricted in total capacity so that the actuator only has to move the heads across a smaller number of total tracks. This limits the maximum distance the heads can be from any point on the drive thereby reducing its average seek time, but also restricts the total capacity of the drive. This reduced seek time enables the HDD to increase the number of IOPS available from the drive. The cost and power per usable byte of storage rises as the maximum track range is reduced.
Effect of audible noise and vibration control
Measured in dBA, audible noise is significant for certain applications, such as DVRs, digital audio recording and quiet computers. Low noise disks typically use fluid bearings, lower rotational speeds (usually 5,400 rpm) and reduce the seek speed under load (AAM) to reduce audible clicks and crunching sounds. Drives in smaller form factors (e.g. 2.5 inch) are often quieter than larger drives.
Some desktop- and laptop-class disk drives allow the user to make a trade-off between seek performance and drive noise. For example, Seagate offers a set of features in some drives called Sound Barrier Technology that include some user or system controlled noise and vibration reduction capability. Shorter seek times typically require more energy usage to quickly move the heads across the platter, causing loud noises from the pivot bearing and greater device vibrations as the heads are rapidly accelerated during the start of the seek motion and decelerated at the end of the seek motion. Quiet operation reduces movement speed and acceleration rates, but at a cost of reduced seek performance.
Rotational latency
Rotational latency (sometimes called rotational delay or just latency) is the delay waiting for the rotation of the disk to bring the required disk sector under the read-write head. It depends on the rotational speed of a disk (or spindle motor), measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). For most magnetic media-based drives, the average rotational latency is typically based on the empirical relation that the average latency in milliseconds for such a drive is one-half the rotational period. Maximum rotational latency is the time it takes to do a full rotation excluding any spin-up time (as the relevant part of the disk may have just passed the head when the request arrived).
Maximum latency = 60/rpmAverage latency = 0.5*Maximum latency
Therefore, the rotational latency and resulting access time can be improved (decreased) by increasing the rotational speed of the disks. This also has the benefit of improving (increasing) the throughput (discussed later in this article).
The spindle motor speed can use one of two types of disk rotation methods: 1) constant linear velocity (CLV), used mainly in optical storage, varies the rotational speed of the optical disc depending upon the position of the head, and 2) constant angular velocity (CAV), used in HDDs, standard FDDs, a few optical disc systems, and vinyl audio records, spins the media at one constant speed regardless of where the head is positioned.
Another wrinkle occurs depending on whether surface bit densities are constant. Usually, with a CAV spin rate, the densities are not constant so that the long outside tracks have the same number of bits as the shorter inside tracks. When the bit density is constant, outside tracks have more bits than inside tracks and is generally combined with a CLV spin rate. In both these schemes contiguous bit transfer rates are constant. This is not the case with other schemes such as using constant bit density with a CAV spin rate.
Effect of reduced power consumption
Power consumption has become increasingly important, not only in mobile devices such as laptops but also in server and desktop markets. Increasing data center machine density has led to problems delivering sufficient power to devices (especially for spin-up), and getting rid of the waste heat subsequently produced, as well as environmental and electrical cost concerns (see green computing). Most hard disk drives today support some form of power management which uses a number of specific power modes that save energy by reducing performance. When implemented, an HDD will change between a full power mode to one or more power saving modes as a function of drive usage. Recovery from the deepest mode, typically called Sleep where the drive is stopped or spun down, may take as long as several seconds to be fully operational thereby increasing the resulting latency. The drive manufacturers are also now producing green drives that include some additional features that do reduce power, but can adversely affect the latency including lower spindle speeds and parking heads off the media to reduce friction.
Other
The or command overhead is the time it takes for the drive electronics to set up the necessary communication between the various components in the device so it can read or write the data. This is of the order of 3 μs, very much less than other overhead times, so it is usually ignored when benchmarking hardware.
The is the time it takes the heads to settle on the target track and stop vibrating so they do not read or write off track. This time is usually very small, typically less than 100 μs, and modern HDD manufacturers account for it in their seek time specifications.
Data transfer rate
The data transfer rate of a drive (also called throughput) covers both the internal rate (moving data between the disk surface and the controller on the drive) and the external rate (moving data between the controller on the drive and the host system). The measurable data transfer rate will be the lower (slower) of the two rates. The sustained data transfer rate or sustained throughput of a drive will be the lower of the sustained internal and sustained external rates. The sustained rate is less than or equal to the maximum or burst rate because it does not have the benefit of any cache or buffer memory in the drive. The internal rate is further determined by the media rate, sector overhead time, head switch time, and cylinder switch time.
Media rate Rate at which the drive can read bits from the surface of the media.
Sector overhead time Additional time (bytes between sectors) needed for control structures and other information necessary to manage the drive, locate and validate data and perform other support functions.
Head switch time Additional time required to electrically switch from one head to another, re-align the head with the track and begin reading; only applies to multi-head drive and is about 1 to 2 ms.
Cylinder switch time Additional time required to move to the first track of the next cylinder and begin reading; the name cylinder is used because typically all the tracks of a drive with more than one head or data surface are read before moving the actuator. This time is typically about twice the track-to-track seek time. As of 2001, it was about 2 to 3 ms.
Data transfer rate (read/write) can be measured by writing a large file to disk using special file generator tools, then reading back the file.
According to vendor specifications sustained transfer rates up to 204MB/s are available. , a typical 7200 RPM desktop HDD has a "disk-to-buffer" data transfer rate up to 1030 Mbit/s. This rate depends on the track location, so it will be higher on the outer zones (where there are more data sectors per track) and lower on the inner zones (where there are fewer data sectors per track); and is generally somewhat higher for 10,000 RPM drives.
Floppy disk drives have sustained "disk-to-buffer" data transfer rates that are one or two orders of magnitude lower than that of HDDs.
The sustained "disk-to-buffer" data transfer rates varies amongst families of Optical disk drives with the slowest 1x CDs at 1.23 Mbit/s floppy-like while a high performance 12x Blu-ray drive at 432 Mbit/s approaches the performance of HDDs.
A current widely used standard for the "buffer-to-computer" interface is 3.0 Gbit/s SATA, which can send about 300 megabyte/s (10-bit encoding) from the buffer to the computer, and thus is still comfortably ahead of today's disk-to-buffer transfer rates.
SSDs do not have the same internal limits of HDDs, so their internal and external transfer rates are often maximizing the capabilities of the drive-to-host interface.
Effect of file system
Transfer rate can be influenced by file system fragmentation and the layout of the files. Defragmentation is a procedure used to minimize delay in retrieving data by moving related items to physically proximate areas on the disk. Some computer operating systems perform defragmentation automatically. Although automatic defragmentation is intended to reduce access delays, the procedure can slow response when performed while the computer is in use.
Effect of areal density
HDD data transfer rate depends upon the rotational speed of the disks and the data recording density. Because heat and vibration limit rotational speed, increasing density has become the main method to improve sequential transfer rates. Areal density'' (the number of bits that can be stored in a certain area of the disk) has been increased over time by increasing both the number of tracks across the disk, and the number of sectors per track. The latter will increase the data transfer rate for a given RPM speed. Improvement of data transfer rate performance is correlated to the areal density only by increasing a track's linear surface bit density (sectors per track). Simply increasing the number of tracks on a disk can affect seek times but not gross transfer rates. According to industry observers and analysts for 2011 to 2016, “The current roadmap predicts no more than a 20%/yr improvement in bit density”. Seek times have not kept up with throughput increases, which themselves have not kept up with growth in bit density and storage capacity.
Interleave
Sector interleave is a mostly obsolete device characteristic related to data rate, dating back to when computers were too slow to be able to read large continuous streams of data. Interleaving introduced gaps between data sectors to allow time for slow equipment to get ready to read the next block of data. Without interleaving, the next logical sector would arrive at the read/write head before the equipment was ready, requiring the system to wait for another complete disk revolution before reading could be performed.
However, because interleaving introduces intentional physical delays between blocks of data thereby lowering the data rate, setting the interleave to a ratio higher than required causes unnecessary delays for equipment that has the performance needed to read sectors more quickly. The interleaving ratio was therefore usually chosen by the end-user to suit their particular computer system's performance capabilities when the drive was first installed in their system.
Modern technology is capable of reading data as fast as it can be obtained from the spinning platters, so hard drives usually have a fixed sector interleave ratio of 1:1, which is effectively no interleaving being used.
Power consumption
Power consumption has become increasingly important, not only in mobile devices such as laptops but also in server and desktop markets. Increasing data center machine density has led to problems delivering sufficient power to devices (especially for spin up), and getting rid of the waste heat subsequently produced, as well as environmental and electrical cost concerns (see green computing). Heat dissipation is tied directly to power consumption, and as drives age, disk failure rates increase at higher drive temperatures. Similar issues exist for large companies with thousands of desktop PCs. Smaller form factor drives often use less power than larger drives. One interesting development in this area is actively controlling the seek speed so that the head arrives at its destination only just in time to read the sector, rather than arriving as quickly as possible and then having to wait for the sector to come around (i.e. the rotational latency). Many of the hard drive companies are now producing Green Drives that require much less power and cooling. Many of these Green Drives spin slower (<5,400 rpm compared to 7,200, 10,000 or 15,000 rpm) thereby generating less heat. Power consumption can also be reduced by parking the drive heads when the disk is not in use reducing friction, adjusting spin speeds, and disabling internal components when not in use.
Drives use more power, briefly, when starting up (spin-up). Although this has little direct effect on total energy consumption, the maximum power demanded from the power supply, and hence its required rating, can be reduced in systems with several drives by controlling when they spin up.
On SCSI hard disk drives, the SCSI controller can directly control spin up and spin down of the drives.
Some Parallel ATA (PATA) and Serial ATA (SATA) hard disk drives support power-up in standby (PUIS): each drive does not spin up until the controller or system BIOS issues a specific command to do so. This allows the system to be set up to stagger disk start-up and limit maximum power demand at switch-on.
Some SATA II and later hard disk drives support staggered spin-up, allowing the computer to spin up the drives in sequence to reduce load on the power supply when booting.
Most hard disk drives today support some form of power management which uses a number of specific power modes that save energy by reducing performance. When implemented an HDD will change between a full power mode to one or more power saving modes as a function of drive usage. Recovery from the deepest mode, typically called Sleep, may take as long as several seconds.
Shock resistance
Shock resistance is especially important for mobile devices. Some laptops now include active hard drive protection that parks the disk heads if the machine is dropped, hopefully before impact, to offer the greatest possible chance of survival in such an event. Maximum shock tolerance to date is 350 g for operating and 1,000 g for non-operating.
SMR drives
Hard drives that use shingled magnetic recording (SMR) differ significantly in write performance characteristics from conventional (CMR) drives. In particular, sustained random writes are significantly slower on SMR drives.As SMR technology causes a degradation on write performance, some new HDD with Hybrid SMR technology (making it possible to adjust the ratio of SMR part and CMR part dynamically) may have various characteristics under different SMR/CMR ratios.
Comparison to Solid-state drive
Solid-state devices (SSDs) do not have moving parts. Most attributes related to the movement of mechanical components are not applicable in measuring their performance, but they are affected by some electrically based elements that causes a measurable access delay.
Measurement of seek time is only testing electronic circuits preparing a particular location on the memory in the storage device. Typical SSDs will have a seek time between 0.08 and 0.16 ms.
Flash memory-based SSDs do not need defragmentation. However, because file systems write pages of data that are smaller (2K, 4K, 8K, or 16K) than the blocks of data managed by the SSD (from 256KB to 4MB, hence 128 to 256 pages per block), over time, an SSD's write performance can degrade as the drive becomes full of pages which are partial or no longer needed by the file system. This can be ameliorated by a TRIM command from the system or internal garbage collection. Flash memory wears out over time as it is repeatedly written to; the writes required by defragmentation wear the drive for no speed advantage.
See also
vRPM
Hybrid drive
IOPS
Standard RAID levels
References
Computer storage devices
Hard disk drives
Computer peripherals | laptop Build Quality | 0.352 | 14,278 |
Compaq Portable series
Compaq's first computers' form factors were portable, also called "luggables", and then "lunchbox computers", and together constituted the Compaq Portable series. These computers measured approximately on the side, and were approximately wide. As the products evolved, laptops and notebooks were created offing a new level of portability that caused the market to explode.
Some of the portables, the Portable and Portable II, had CRT monitors, while later the Portable III and the Portable 386) had flat, monochrome, usually amber, plasma displays. The portables came/could come with internal hard disk drives on .5" shock mount springs; diskette drives, usually 5" double- or quadruple-density drives; batteries; and/or a dual-ISA expansion chassis, about one full-drive-height wide. Note this was before the term "ISA" became a standard. The Compaq Portable 486 included mono and color LCD screens and were battery powered.
Machines of the series
Compaq Portable – Compaq's first computer; first 100% IBM PC compatible
Compaq Portable Plus – Compaq's version with built-in hard drive
Compaq Portable 286 – Compaq's version of the PC AT in the original Compaq Portable chassis; equipped with 6/8-MHz 286 and a high-speed 20-MB hard drive
Compaq Portable II – smaller and lighter version of Compaq Portable 286; it was less expensive but with limited upgradability and a slower hard drive
Compaq Portable III
Compaq Portable 386
Compaq Portable 486 and Compaq Portable 486c
The Compaq Portable is an early portable computer which was one of the first 100% IBM PC compatible systems. It was Compaq Computer Corporation's first product, to be followed by others in the Compaq Portable series and later Compaq Deskpro series.
Initial Production and Competition
The Compaq Portable was announced in November 1982 and first shipped in March 1983, priced at US $2,995 () with a single half-height 5¼" 360 kB diskette drive or $3,590 for dual, full-height diskette drives. The Compaq Portable folded up into a luggable case the size of a portable sewing machine. Compaq sold 53,000 units in the first year with a total of $111 million in revenue, an American Business record. In the second year revenue hit $329 million setting an industry record. Third year revenue was at $503.9 million, another US business record.
The computer was an early all-in-one, becoming available two years after the CP/M-based Osborne 1 and Kaypro II, in the same year as the 8088 and MS-DOS-based (but not entirely IBM PC compatible) Dynalogic Hyperion, and a year before the Commodore SX-64. Its design was influenced by that of the Xerox NoteTaker, a prototype computer developed at Xerox PARC in 1976. Other portable "work-alikes", that were not PC compatible clones include the Seequa Chameleon, and Corona Data Systems' Model PPC-400, and Eagle Computer's Eagle Spirit Portable. They were all short-lived competitors.
IBM responded to the Compaq Portable with the IBM Portable, developed because its sales force needed a comparable computer to sell against Compaq.
Design
The Compaq Portable has basically the same off-the-self hardware as an IBM PC, transplanted into a luggable case (specifically designed to fit as carry-on luggage on an airplane), with Compaq's BIOS instead of IBM's. All Portables shipped with 128k of RAM and 1-2 double-sided double-density 360 KB disk drives.
The machine uses a unique hybrid of the IBM MDA and CGA which supports the latter's graphics modes, but contains both cards' text fonts in ROM. When using the internal monochrome monitor the 9x14 font is used, and the 8x8 one when an external monitor is used (the user switches between internal and external monitors by pressing ). The user can use both IBM video standards, for graphics capabilities and high-resolution text. With a larger external monitor, the graphics hardware is also used in the original Compaq Deskpro desktop computer.
Compaq used a “foam and foil” keyboard from Keytronics, with contact mylar pads that were also featured in the Tandy TRS-80, Apple Lisa 1 and 2, Compaq Deskpro 286 AT, some mainframe terminals, SUN Type 4, and some Wang keyboards. The foam pads the keyboards used to make contact with the circuit board when pressed disintegrate over time, due to both the wear of normal use and natural wear. The CRT display also suffered from a low refresh rate and heavy ghosting.
Software
Compaq's efforts were possible because IBM had used mostly off-the-shelf parts for the PC and published full technical documentation for it, and because Microsoft had kept the right to license MS-DOS to other computer manufacturers. The main difficulty was the BIOS, because it contained IBM's copyrighted code. Compaq solved this problem by producing a clean room workalike that performed all documented functions of the IBM PC BIOS, but was completely written from scratch.
Although numerous other companies soon also began selling PC compatibles, few matched Compaq's achievement of essentially-complete software compatibility with the IBM PC (typically reaching "95% compatibility" at best).Then Phoenix Technologies and others began selling similarly reverse-engineered BIOSs on the open market.
The first Portables used Microsoft DOS essentially identical to PC DOS 1.10 except for having a standalone BASIC that did not require the IBM PC's ROM Cassette BASIC, but this was superseded in a few months by MS-DOS 2.00 which added hard disk support and other advanced features. The initial Portables are similar to the 16k-64k models of the IBM PC in that the BIOS was limited to 544k of RAM and did not support expansion ROMs, thus making them unable to use EGA/VGA cards, hard disks, or similar hardware. After DOS 2.x and the IBM XT came out, Compaq upgraded the BIOS. Although the Portable was not offered with a factory hard disk, users commonly installed them. Starting in 1984, Compaq began offering a hard-disk equipped version in the Portable Plus. The original hard disks offered would be 10 or 21 megabytes, although bad sectors often reduced the space available for use.
Reception
BYTE wrote, after testing a prototype, that the Compaq Portable "looks like a sure winner" because of its portability, cost, and high degree of compatibility with the IBM PC. Its reviewer tested IBM PC DOS, CP/M-86, WordStar, Supercalc, and several other software packages, and found that all worked except one game. PC Magazine also rated the Compaq Portable very highly for compatibility, reporting that all tested applications ran. It praised the "rugged" hardware design and sharp display, and concluded that it was "certainly worth consideration by anyone seeking to run IBM PC software without an IBM PC".
Later Models
The Compaq Portable Plus simply had a hard drive to replace one floppy disk drive, and logos and badges with gold backgrounds instead of silver. Independent computer stores were previously doing this upon request of users, and Compaq saw this as a lost revenue opportunity. In 1985, Compaq introduced the Portable 286, although it was replaced by the more compact Portable II in a redesigned case within a few months. The Portable 286 featured a full height hard disk, and the options of one half-height floppy drive, two half-height floppy drives, or a half-height floppy drive and a tape backup drive The Compaq Portable 286, Compaq's version of the PC AT was offered in the original Compaq Portable chassis; equipped with 6/8 MHz 286 and a high-speed 20 MB hard drive
The Compaq Portable II – was smaller and lighter version of Compaq Portable 286; it was less expensive but with limited upgradability and a slower hard drive,
The Compaq Portable III was another AT-compatible computer released in 1987. It was advertised as being much smaller and lighter than the previous portable x86-PCs, however it was still quite large by today's standards. Three models were announced at release. The Model 1 had a list price of $3999 USD and was equipped with a Intel 80286, RAM, floppy, and a colored gas-plasma display. Other options included the Model 20 at $4999 USD which added a , or for the Model 40 with the upgraded . There was also an optional ISA Expansion chassis allowed for 2 full length 16-bit ISA add-in cards for . Power is supplied using a mains electricity outlet, no battery exists.
The Compaq Portable III, Compaq Portable 386, Compaq Portable 486 and Compaq Portable 486c were later in the series.
References
External links
Old Computers - Compaq Portable
CED in the History of Media Technology - Compaq Portable
Obsolete Computer Museum - Compaq Portable description
See also
Compaq SLT laptop series
Compaq LTE notebook series - initially co-developed with Citizen Watch Company
Compaq Contura value notebook series
Compaq Contura Aero subnotebook series
Compaq Aero handheld series
Compaq Concerto pen table convertible
IBM PC compatibles | laptop Build Quality | 0.352 | 14,279 |
PowerBook 5300
The PowerBook 5300 is the first generation of PowerBook laptops manufactured by Apple Computer to use the PowerPC processor. Released in August 1995, these PowerBooks were notable for being the first to feature hot-swappable expansion modules for a variety of different units such as Zip drives; PC card slots as standard; and an infrared communication port. In common with most preceding Macintosh portables, SCSI, Serial, and ADB ports were included as standard. An internal expansion slot was also available for installing a variety of modules including Ethernet and video cards to drive a second monitor in mirroring or dual-screen modes.
Although a significant advance over preceding portable Macs, the PowerBook 5300 suffered from a number of design faults and manufacturing problems that have led to it being cited as among the worst Apple products of all time. Among other issues, it is one of the first laptops to suffer negative publicity from battery fires, and features a hot-swappable drive bay with insufficient space for an internal CD-ROM drive.
Specifications
There are four models in the 5300 series, ranging from the low-end greyscale 5300 to the deluxe, high-resolution, TFT-equipped 5300ce:
Design
The PowerBook 5300 was designed during 1993 and 1994 under the codename M2. Compared with the preceding PowerBook 500 series, the 5300 was explicitly designed to be as small as possible (which precluded the use of a CD-ROM drive) and featured a more compact but less curvy design. Pop-out feet were used instead of the rotating rocker-style feet typical of earlier PowerBooks, and a slightly darker shade of grey was used for the plastic casing. The PowerBook 190 and 190cs used an identical casing and shared many features and internal components, but used the older and slower Motorola 68LC040 processor instead, which could be upgraded to a full PPC processor by swapping the logic board.
Problems
For a variety of reasons, the PowerBook 5300 series has been viewed as a disappointment. Problems with cracked cases and overheating batteries prompted several recalls, while some users were simply unimpressed with the specifications of the machine and its lackluster performance. Some systems, after heavy use, would develop hinge problems; cracking of the hinge covers, as well as internal ribbon cables wearing/tearing and causing the display to show vertical lines and occasionally black out completely. This problem existed on earlier Powerbook models as well, most notably the Powerbook 500 series (including 520, 540c and the black-cased, higher-spec Japan-only 550c)
Lack of L2 cache
Although the PowerPC 603e processor built into the 5300 series was relatively fast for its time, because these machines lacked a Level 2 cache, real world performance was much less than the CPU frequency would suggest.
Expansion bay options
The variety of expansion bay options available was wide, but because of the size and shape of the computer, fitting a CD-ROM drive into the available space wasn't possible. Apple had a prototype CD-ROM module compatible with non-standard 80 mm disks that would have been used with the PowerBook 5300 series, but finished versions of this device were never released. Instead, it was planned that the 5300 series would use 3.5 inch magneto-optical drive modules initially, with the option of releasing a stretched version a year or two later that had space for a full-sized CD-ROM drive.
Batteries
Two early production PowerBook 5300s caught fire, one at an Apple employee's house and another at the factory; it turned out that the Sony-manufactured lithium ion batteries had overheated while recharging. Apple recalled the 5300s sold (around a hundred machines) and replaced the batteries on these and all subsequent 5300s with nickel metal hydride batteries that provided only about 70% the endurance. At the time, the media viewed the problems with the PowerBook 5300 series as yet another example of Apple's decline.
Legacy
Apple's next high-end series of portables, the PowerBook 3400 series introduced in February 1997, shared an almost identical form factor with the 5300, right down to being able to share many of the same hot-swappable expansion modules. However, the 3400 series were substantially different on the inside, featuring DMA and PCI architecture. The first series of PowerBook G3 portables released in November 1997 were internally even more advanced, being built around the PowerPC G3 processor, though they still retained the basic PowerBook 5300 form factor. Apple did not introduce portables with an entirely new form factor until March 1998 with the release of the "Wallstreet" G3 PowerBooks.
The 5300 is seen in several movies during the 1990s, including Liar Liar (1997), Free Willy 3: The Rescue (1997), Home Alone 3 (1997), The Saint (1997), Volcano (1997), My Best Friend's Wedding (1997), Jingle All the Way (1996), Ransom (1996) and Independence Day (1996).
References
External links
Apple's datasheets: 5300, 5300c, 5300cs, 5300ce
5300
PowerPC Macintosh computers | laptop Build Quality | 0.352 | 14,280 |
HP Pavilion dv2000 series
The HP Pavilion dv2000 is a model series of laptops manufactured by Hewlett-Packard Company that features a 14.1" diagonal display.
Models
dv2890nr (Artist Edition) - Features the Artist Edition Imprint finish
dv2700se (Special Edition) - Features the Verve Imprint finish
dv2700bw (Broadband Wireless Series) - Includes a built in WWAN card
dv2700t - Uses An Intel Processor
dv2700z - Uses An AMD Processor
dv2500se (Special Edition) - Features the Verve Imprint finish
dv2500bw (Broadband Wireless Series) - Includes a built in islamiccard
dv2500t - Uses An Intel Processor
dv2500z - Uses An AMD Processor
dv24xx - Uses AMD Processors (DV2410, DV2412, DV2416, DV2419, DV2420)
dv2322la (Latin America) - Uses An Intel Pentium Dual-Core Processor
dv2200la (North-Latin America) - Uses An Intel Core Duo-Core Processor
dv2000t - Uses An Intel Processor
dv2000z - Uses An AMD Processor
Note: The dv2000z series (AMD) was never sold as a CTO option on the HP website. Pre-configured AMD versions were sold worldwide.
Weight And Dimensions
Note: Weight varies by configuration
Customizable Features
The following are customizable features only available in the United States (HP CTO Notebooks).
Limited Warranty Service Enhancement
HP has identified hardware issues with certain HP Pavilion dv2000/dv6000/dv9000 and Compaq Presario V3000/V6000 series notebook PCs, equipped with nVidia chipsets, most of them with AMD microprocessors. For the dv2000 series, it includes many models from the dv20xx, dv21xx, dv22xx, dv23xx, and the dv24xx series (where xx is any other 2 digits). The Intel-based dv2000 Core Solo, Core Duo, Core 2 Duo or Pentium Dual Core with the Intel 945 chipset, do not suffer from this problem, except those with dedicated video chip nVidia.
Some symptoms include:
The notebook does not detect wireless networks and the wireless adapter is not detected in the Device Manager.
There is no video on the computer LCD panel or external monitor (video card failure).
Problems with the sound system, DVD or Hard Drive.
See also
Hewlett-Packard
HP Pavilion (computer)
References
Pavilion dv2000 | laptop Build Quality | 0.351 | 14,281 |
Sony Vaio UX Micro PC
The Sony Vaio UX Micro PC is an Ultra-Mobile Portable Computer (UMPC) first marketed in 2006. It weighs around 490–544 g (1.20–1.27 lb), and has a slide-out QWERTY keyboard, touchscreen, Intel Core 2 Solo processor, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and WWAN. Though not officially stated as such, and even to a point implied by Sony that the UX is a move in a new direction and not a specific continuation of such, the Sony UX is speculated by some to be the newest model in the popular Sony U-series.
NOTE : Japanese models include 533 MHz memory and so do the minority markets ( Europe, Australia etc. ) models. The US ones do not have 533 MHz but slower 400 MHz.
All models share these features:
4.5" XBrite TFT LCD touchscreen with 1024x600 display resolution.
Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 950 Graphics Card (128 MB (128 MB) Shared RAM) - some have 256 MB
Memory Stick Duo Slot
Built-in Wi-Fi 802.11b/g and Bluetooth
Fingerprint reader
Front and back digital cameras
References in popular culture
A black Vaio UX was used by John Connor in Terminator Salvation. It was used to hack mototerminator, track the cell Kyle Reese was being held captive in at Skynet.
A Vaio UX is featured in the music video for the song "Sweetest Girl (Dollar Bill)" by Wyclef Jean. The UX delivers the message to Wyclef Jean that he must rescue the "sweetest girl" from deportation to a hostile country.
Rodney McKay can be seen using one in several episodes of Stargate Atlantis, he's also used OQO UMPCs.
Bill Tanner can be seen using a Sony Vaio UX in the 2008 motion picture Quantum of Solace.
"Same Girl" by R. Kelly featuring Usher: R. Kelly looks at Usher's slideshow of the a lady on what appears to be the Sony VGN-UX 390.
A Vaio UX is used as suitcase nuke arming device in one episode (hour) of the television show 24.
A Sony Vaio UX is used by the antagonist in Paul Blart: Mall Cop.
Riley Poole used a Vaio UX in National Treasure while capturing the security camera stream of the declaration of independence and to infiltrate Buckingham Palace in National Treasure 2.
In The Pink Panther 2, Kenji uses a Sony Vaio UX when the Dream Team is investigating the crime scene of the stolen Pink Panther diamond.
In the James Bond movie Casino Royale The Micro PC was used by Bill Tanner in the movie, and shown on the boat near the end of the film. There was a promotional "Spy Gear" set created for the movie.
References
External links
Micro PC Talk
Sony UX280P - Review at Skatter Tech
Sony Vaio UX series Sony Vaio UX series: At a glance from pocketables.net
Sony Singapore Sony VAIO UX product listing
Ux
Ultra Mobile PC | laptop Build Quality | 0.35 | 14,282 |
IdeaPad U series
The first laptop in the IdeaPad U series was the U110 launched in 2008 by Lenovo. Showcased at CES 2008, the laptop also launched the IdeaPad series itself, and received the Best of CES 2008 award. The IdeaPad U series was a line of Lenovo's consumer line of laptops, combining Lenovo's traditional engineering with design changes that were significantly different from ThinkPad products.
2014
U530
The IdeaPad U530 has a low-voltage 4th-Gen Core i7-4510U processor, a 2 GB Nvidia Geforce GT 730M graphics card, a 1080p display with a multi-touch pane. It includes Windows 8.1, 8 GB RAM and a 1 TB hybrid hard drive with a 16 GB mSATA SSD, 3 USB ports (one USB 3.0), HDMI and a multi-card reader, dual-band 802.11bgn, and as well as Bluetooth 4.0.
The machine is 5.07 lbs, 0.86 inches thick, and has between six and ten hours of battery life depending on usage. Other features include its backlit keyboard, Stereo speakers with Dolby Home Theater, and motion control.
2013
The 2013 update adopted fourth generation Intel chips and saw the switch to Windows 8. Models launched that year included the IdeaPad U330p (Intel i5-4200U) and IdeaPad U430 Touch. A refresh of the 2012 model, the IdeaPad U410 was also released, with the touch enabled IdeaPad U410 Touch (Intel i5-3337U).
2012
U310
U410
2011
The IdeaPad U-series laptops released by Lenovo in 2011 were the U300s, U400, U550 and U460.
U300s
The U300s was described by Engadget as being "pared-down and tasteful". It was compared to the Macbook Air in terms of design since, like the Air, it was made from a single sheet of aluminum. Also, like the Air, the U300s was indicated to be susceptible to scratches, despite the fact that the metal had been sandblasted and anodized. Engadget also criticized the U300s for the lack of a memory card slot, stating that, "it's the only Ultrabook we know of that doesn't have a memory card slot."
The keyboard on the laptop received praise and was described as being sturdy and comfortable to type on. The glass touchpad was also received positively, with the reviewer stating that, "it has the best touchpad of any of the new Ultrabooks we've tested."
An innovation in the laptop, as described by Laptop Magazine, was the solid base plate. Air intake was designed to be through the keyboard, with two vents on the side handling expulsion of air.
The laptop's display screen was received positively, with the reviewer saying that, "we could make out the lint on Kermit the Frog in a 1080p Muppets trailer, and the entire cast was an explosion of colors." The laptop also offered Intel Wireless Display (WiDi) technology, allowing users to stream video from their laptops to an HDTV.
The laptop also offered faster boot and wake-from-sleep times of 34 seconds and 4 seconds respectively. Processor performance was also indicated to be positive, with PCMark Vantage score of 10,174, which was double the average for ultraportables. Graphical capabilities were not received positively, with the U300s scoring 3,398 in 3DMark06. When used to play World of Warcraft, the U300s offered 31fps, with graphical settings on 'Good' and at a resolution of 1366x768.
Detailed specifications of the U300s are as follows:
Processor: Intel Core up to i7-2677M (2x 1.8 GHz)
RAM: up to 4GB
Graphics: Intel HD 3000
Storage: 1x SATA (256GB SSD)
Display: 13.3" (1366x768)
Wireless: Wi-Fi: 802.11 b/g/n, Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR
Dimensions: 12.8 x 8.5 x 0.59 inches
Weight:
U400
PC Mag summed up the IdeaPad U400 by saying "The Lenovo IdeaPad U400 laptop combines solid performance with a design you won't be able to keep your hands off of." The reviewer continues by stating that the U400 was designed with mainstream users in mind, with the sandblasted aluminum chassis and glass touchpad. The design was contrasted with other laptops offered by different manufacturers. Where other, similar laptops were available in clamshell and wedge designs, the U400 laptop was flat, with protruding top and bottom lids, similar to the cover of a book.
The U400 was indicated to be "well-equipped", offering Intel Core i5 processors and discrete AMD graphics. The laptop included a 14-inch screen with a maximum resolution of 1366 x 768 pixels. The features of the U400 were described as being on par with the Macbook Air and the Dell XPS 14z, such as the USB ports, a headset jack, and an Ethernet port. The only point which was indicated to be negative was the price.
Engadget also reviewed the U400 positively, stating that they were "smitten with the understated design". However, the keyboard received some criticism, with the reviewer stating that the keys could have been larger, with certain keys like Tab, Shift, Backspace, and the arrow keys feeling undersized. In addition, the reviewer stated that, despite this drawback, the keyboard remained comfortable to use. The touchpad also received criticism, which Engadget stated was the result of supplier change from Synaptics to Cypress. The use of Intel Wireless Display was indicated to be a positive point, which allowed laptop users to mirror their display on a HDTV or a monitor using a special-purpose adapter.
Detailed specifications of the U400 laptop are as follows:
Processor: up to Intel Core i5-2430M
RAM: up to 8GB
Graphics:
Intel HD 3000
AMD Radeon HD 6470M
Display: 14" 1366x768 TN
Storage: HDD 750GB 7200RPM
Weight:
U460
Released in June 2010, the U460 laptop offered the following specifications:
Processor: up to 2.66 GHz Intel Core i5-480M
RAM: up to 4GB DDR3 1066 MHz
Graphics:
Intel Graphics Media Accelerator HD
NVIDIA GeForce 305M
U550
Notebook Review indicated that while the U550 was a traditionally designed laptop with no extraordinary design features, it was extremely thin and light for a 15.6-inch notebook. The plastic used was light and of "reasonable quality". Both the palm rest area and the back of the lid did not retain fingerprints or dust. However, the glossy plastic around the screen was described as being "impossible to keep clean".
The chassis and the palm rest were reported to exhibit some flex. However, pressure applied to the back of the lid did not result in ripples on the screen, which was reported to be impressive for such a thin laptop. The display hinges were also reported to be strong, since the laptop could be opened without holding down the lower half of the laptop.
Both the keyboard and the touchpad received praise. The keyboard was described as having good tactile feedback with appropriate key travel. The touchpad was described as having a matte surface which was easy to use and buttons with good tactile feedback. The multi-touch features were indicated by Notebook Review to "work sporadically at best".
Detailed specifications of the U550 laptop are as follows:
Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo SU7300 (1.3 GHz, 3MB L2 cache, 800 MHz FSB)
RAM: 4GB DDR3
Graphics:
Intel GMA 4500MHD
ATI Mobility Radeon HD 4330 512MB
Storage: 320GB 5400RPM
Wireless: Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR, wi-fi
Dimensions (W x D x H): 14.8 x 9.9" x 0.9 ~ 1.2 inches
2010
The IdeaPad U-series laptops released by Lenovo in 2010 were U160 and U260.
U160 and U165
The U160 was released in May 2010 in the United States and in June in Japan. It was an 11.6 inch laptop with an Intel i7 ultra-low voltage processor. The same laptop was also available with an Intel i5 processor, as a lower end version. The U165 was released at the same time, and was another 11.6 inch laptop. However, the major difference was the use of AMD processors instead of Intel.
Engadget said about the U160, “The U160 is without a doubt the most powerful 11.6-inch laptop we've ever toyed with thanks to its 1.20GHz Intel Core i7-640UM processor and 4GB of RAM (the Alienware M11x comes close, but it was then powered by a Core 2 Duo processor).” However, they also added that “the U160 falls in between a standard voltage Core i3 laptop and some of the newer AMD Nile-powered ultraportables on the performance scale”.
U260
The U260 notebook was received with high praise from Engadget, with special mention made of its appearance. The reviewer called the notebook “one of the most dapper and svelte laptops we've seen in a long time”. The notebook was commended for its performance with Intel i3 or i5 ultra-low voltage processors, magnesium-aluminum alloy shell, leather palm rest, and brushed glass touchpad. However, the battery life was deemed to be too low, at 3 to 3.5 hours.
Engadget also commented on the appearance of the U260, saying that, “The U260 is indeed a total 180 for the company, and it's one of the most dapper and svelte laptops we've seen in a long time − there's no question about it, its magnesium-aluminum alloy shell, leather palm rest, and glass touchpad even give the newest MacBook Airs a run for their money.”
2009
The IdeaPad U-series laptops released in 2009 by Lenovo were the U350, U450p, and U150.
U150
The U150 laptop was scheduled for release in November 2009 in the United States. However, as of October 2009, it was already available in Japan. LAPTOP Magazine appreciated both the design and the battery life of the laptop, while criticizing the temperature control and keyboard. Notebook Review indicated that the laptop offered portability and value with enough performance to keep most customers happy, while criticizing the build quality.
Detailed specifications of the notebook are as follows:
Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo SU7300 (1.30 GHz, 800 MHz FSB, 3MB L2 cache)
RAM: 4GB DDR3 (1066 MHz)
Storage: 1x SATA (320GB HDD 5400 RPM)
Display: 11.6" (glossy, 1366x768)
Graphics: Intel GMA 4500MHD
Wireless: Intel 5100AGN, Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR
Dimensions (inches): 11.4 x 7.5 x 0.5-1.35
Weight:
Operating System: Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit
U350
The U350 was released in July 2009 to mixed reviews from different publications. LAPTOP Magazine appreciated the laptop's design and low starting price, but was disappointed by the low battery life. Computer Shopper discounted the laptop's performance but appreciated the light weight and affordable price. Stark Insider appreciated the laptop's price, performance, keyboard, display and speakers. The negative points noted were the fan noise and heat on the left palm rest.
Detailed specifications of the laptop are as follows:
Processor: 1.3-GHz Intel Core 2 Solo
RAM: 4GB
Storage: 320GB 5400RPM SATA
Display: 13.3" (1366x768)
Graphics: Intel GMA 4500MHD
Wireless: Wi-Fi: 802.11a/b/g/n, Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR
Dimensions (inches): 12.9 x 9.0 x 1.0
Weight:
Operating System: Microsoft Windows Vista Home Premium (32-bit)
U450p
The IdeaPad U450p was launched in August 2009. TechRadar UK praised the laptop for performance, build quality, and inclusion of an optical drive. Although the review stated that “some of the chassis panels flex under moderate pressure”, it was indicated that “realistically this shouldn't prove too much of durability issue, however”. The design was also noted: instead of a glossy design, a mottled, checkered design was used instead, which did not get scratched or dirty easily.
2008
The IdeaPad U-series laptops released in 2008 by Lenovo were the U110 and U330.
U110
The IdeaPad U110 was an 11.1 inch laptop, a first for Lenovo in the United States. The most striking feature of the laptop was the red top lid with a flowery pattern on it – another first for a Lenovo laptop. The keyboard was also vastly different from traditional Lenovo keyboards, with glossy keys that were set very close to each other. The advantage of the keyboard was that because of the reduced spacing, keys were far larger than those of similar sized laptop. However, the design itself and the smaller spacebar key required some getting used to, as indicated by Notebook Review.
Detailed specifications of the notebook are as follows:
Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo (Low Voltage)
Display: 11.1" Glossy WXGA (1366x768)
Graphics: Intel X3100
Storage: 1x SATA (160GB HDD or 64GB SSD)
Webcam: 1.3MP
Sound: two speakers, 1.5W
Network: 10/100 Ethernet, Intel 4965AGN wireless, Bluetooth
Battery: up to 8 hours
U330
The U110 was followed by the U330 laptop in November 2008. It retained features like the touch-sensitive media controls, and facial recognition. New features included were an altered keyboard, which LAPTOP Magazine indicated was more comfortable, and switchable graphics.
Detailed specifications of the notebook are as follows:
Processor: 2 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo
RAM: Up to 4GB
Storage: 1x SATA (250GB 5400RPM), 1x Optical Drive (8x DVD R/W)
Display: 13.3" (1280x800)
Graphics:Intel GMA 4500MHD + ATI Mobility Radeon HD 3450
Wireless: Wi-Fi 802.11a/b/g/n
Ports: 2 USB, Ethernet, FireWire, HDMI, Headphone, Microphone, Modem, VGA; 6-1 card reader, ExpressCard
Dimensions (inches): 12.5 x 9.3 x 0.9
Weight:
Operating System: Microsoft Windows Vista Home Premium
References
External links
IdeaPad U Series on Lenovo.com
U
Computer-related introductions in 2008 | laptop Build Quality | 0.349 | 14,283 |
EmperorLinux
EmperorLinux, Inc. is a reseller who, according to PC Magazine, "specialize in the sales of pre-configured Linux laptops for companies and individuals that want stable, easy-to use laptops". EmperorLinux was founded in 1999 by Lincoln Durey, an EE Ph.D. from Tulane University. The company's first product was the BlackPerl Linux laptop, based on a Sony VAIO 505TR with a highly modified Linux kernel. Since 1999, the company has added a range of IBM ThinkPads, Dell Latitudes, and Sharp laptops to its lineup.
These laptops are available with most major Linux distributions, including Fedora, RHEL, Debian, Ubuntu, and SuSE. Significant improvements to stock Linux distributions come from the empkernel and a carefully configured /etc directory. Supported features include APM and ACPI suspend and hibernate support, CPU throttling, LCD backlight brightness control, wireless, and generally full support of the hardware under Linux.
The company is privately held and based in Atlanta, Georgia, US.
See also
Free software
References
External links
Linux companies
Privately held companies based in Georgia (U.S. state)
Companies based in Atlanta
Computer companies established in 1999
1999 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state) | laptop Build Quality | 0.349 | 14,284 |
P535
The Asus P535 is a high performance Pocket PC(PPC) that was designed for business managers. It was launched by ASUSTeK Computer Inc. in November, 2006. At first, the Asus P535 ran with Microsoft(R) Window Mobile 5.0. However, it is upgradable to Microsoft(R) Windows mobile 6.5.
Network & Communication
For connectivity, the Asus P535 uses a 2G tri-band (GSM900/1800/1900 MHz) network, so 3G and Edge are not supported. However this device still can connect by WLAN (WiFi 802.11b+g).
Processor and Memory
The Asus P535 uses Intel Xscale(R) 520-MHz CPU, which was leading CPU-chip set in 2006. Users can switch the CPU mode to Power Saving, Standard, or Turbo. The PPC was released with the 64 MB of SDRAM and can support up to 128 MB of SDRAM.
Features
The Asus P535 has 2.0 megapixel Auto Focus(AF) camera with LED flash, macro mode, and video mode. The device was one of the first PPCs to uses a TFT resistive touchscreen. The screen has a size of 240x320 pixels with 65,536 colors. There is a Li-Ion battery of 1300 mAh capacity.
At the time, the Asus P535 provided advanced communication functions and had a high performance CPU. However, the fast CPU caused an amount of energy drain which resulted in a shorter battery life than other contemporary PPC devices.
References
Radio-frequency identification
Personal computers
tr:Cep bilgisayarı#Pocket PC | laptop Build Quality | 0.348 | 14,285 |
Compaq LTE Lite
The LTE Lite was a series of notebook-sized laptops under the LTE line manufactured by Compaq from 1992 to 1994. The first entries in the series were Compaq's first computers after co-founder Rod Canion's ousting and Eckhard Pfeiffer's tenure as the new CEO. The notebooks were co-developed and manufactured by Compaq and Citizen Watch of Japan. They were a hot-seller for Compaq and spanned multiple models, with various processors and liquid-crystal display technologies.
Development
The LTE Lite series was the second generation of LTE, a notebook family introduced three years earlier in 1989. The first two entries in the LTE Lite series, the LTE Lite/20 and the LTE Lite/25, were the first computers released under Eckhard Pfeiffer's tenure as CEO. Pfeiffer assumed the position on October 24, 1991; he replaced Compaq co-founder Rod Canion, who was ousted from the company a day after the company posted its first quarterly loss—$70.3 million—leading to Compaq's first ever round of layoffs.
The LTE Lites improved the battery life and quality of its liquid-crystal display panels while reducing weight. The LTE Lite/20 and LTE Lite/25 introduced suspend and hibernation modes, as well as a BIOS password and a Kensington slot for added security. An internal modem, 9600-baud, was made an option for the first time in a Compaq notebook with these two machines. Starting with the LTE Lite/25C and LTE Lite/25E, a trackball was built into the display housing on the right side, with the left- and right-click buttons on the reverse side of the housing.
Manufacturing of the LTE Lites was initially performed at Compaq's plant in Houston, Texas. Compaq used Citizen Watch of Japan as manufacturer for its monochrome passive-matrix LCDs and as a second source for manufacturing of the entire systems. Citizen later became its sole manufacturer. Production of the LTE Lite was again moved from Citizen in Japan to Compaq's overseas plant in Singapore in 1994—Compaq citing wanting to fill vacant production lines in that plant, which also manufactured its Contura line of budget notebooks. The hard disk drives meanwhile were manufactured by Conner Peripherals.
The monochrome passive-matrix LCDs used in the LTE Lites were a co-development between Compaq and Citizen, who developed ways to reduce motion persistence ("ghosting") and crosstalk interference patterns ("bleeding") common in their super-twisted nematic displays. The monochrome -matrix LCDs used in the Lite/25E and Lite 4/25E were manufactured by Hosiden. These were the same LCDs used by Apple in some entries of their PowerBook 100 series. Compaq were the only notebook manufacturer besides Apple to make use of active-matrix monochrome LCDs.
The LTE Lite/20 and LTE Lite/25 (including all submodels) used Intel's low-powered, portable-specific 80386SL processor. Compaq became the first laptop to feature Intel's later portable-specific 80486SL with the announcement of the LTE Lite 4/25 in November 1992.
Reception
Reviewing the LTE Lite/25 and LTE Lite/20, Rick Ayre of PC Magazine called the two laptops "state-of-the-art" and high-priced, with a good display and keyboard but with compromised battery life compared to their predecessor, the LTE 386s/20. The LTE Lites were the top-performing 386 laptops in terms of graphics performance and among the top five of 386 laptops in terms of rendering graphics within Windows. The magazine also rated it among the fastest in its processor class in terms of memory speed and data processing but found its hard disk performance mediocre. Mitt Jones, also of PC Magazine, called the battery life "somewhat lackluster" but praised the versatility of the user-definable power consumption modes and found the display bright and sharp with minimal ghosting.
Michael Caton of PC Week, reviewing the LTE Lite/25, praised its battery life, case design, ease of use, and keyboard layout. PC Week test lab compared it to Zenith Data Systems' MastersPort 386Le and found that the LTE Lite won out over the MastersPort under a stress test load: 3 hours compared to 2 hours and 11 minutes. Caton wrote that the power consumption modes were easy to configure. Similarly, the keyboard's hotkey functions allowed him to perform functions like disabling the external monitor or setting the speaker volume more easily compared to contemporaneous laptops, which required the user exit out to DOS and run a function utility. Caton called the case design "sturdy ... typical of Compaq notebooks" and the keyboard "well laid out". Caton found reservation with the keyboard's switches, which he deemed soft, and, the passive-matrix display, which exhibited ghosting most noticeably under Windows.
Andreas Uiterwuk and Siobhan Nash of InfoWorld, reviewing the LTE Lite/25C, rated the active-matrix color LCD well, with brilliant colors and a wide viewing angle, that exhibited no crosstalk interference patterns. The reviewers found the US$4,999 selling price "hefty" and found that it performed 9 percent slower than its monochrome counterpart but on par with its competitor in the active-matrix color notebook arena, NEC's UltraLite SL/25C. Nash and Earl Angus of the same publication, reviewing the LTE Lite/25E, called the laptop's $2,917 selling price "a pretty good deal" with its active-matrix monochrome display and equivalent processor to the LTE Lite/25C. Like Caton the reviewers found the keyboard too soft, the key travel too shallow, but they were impressed with its display, which exhibited "little bleeding".
Larry Blasko of the St. Petersburg Times, reviewing the LTE Lite 4/25E, found its relatively high price justified by its processing power, display, and keyboard and called the laptop overall a "first-rate job". In particular, Blasko found that the monochrome, active-matrix panel rendered "nice, crisp text and graphics" and that the keyboard had a "crisp touch" that held up under his heavy typing style. Blasko's unit scored 53.4 on the Norton index, meaning that it was over 50 times faster than a PC XT and 1.5 times faster than a 33-MHz Compaq Deskpro 386, which had a rating of 34.7. Blasko wrote that the LTE Lite was snappy running Windows 3.1.
Legacy
The LTE Lite series proved very successful for Compaq, accounting for half of their entire notebook sales in 1993 alone. Between 1992 and 1993, Citizen had manufactured between 20,000 and 25,000 LTE Lite units each month. The LTE Lite series was replaced by the LTE Elite series in March 1994. The LTE Elite series increased the memory, processors, and networking capabilities and moved the AC adapter to within the notebooks' chassis, eliminating the need for external bricks.
Models
References
LTE Lite
LTE Lite
Computer-related introductions in 1992 | laptop Build Quality | 0.347 | 14,286 |
IBM ThinkPad 300
The IBM ThinkPad 300 is a notebook computer series that was created by Zenith Data Systems for IBM. It was released in North America in October 1992, alongside the ThinkPad 700 series. It was the second series for the ThinkPad line of notebook computers, and was a cost saving alternative to the 700. It was however known as one of IBM's failures, with most not working properly or being dead after leaving the production line. It was also grey instead of black, and was missing a TrackPoint, which made them unappealing to consumers. The ThinkPad 300 was received as decent, but did not sell well.
Development
Contrary to earlier IBM computers, IBM sought for an OEM to develop the 300. Eventually, executive authorization was granted. Because of a pre-existing agreement with Zenith/BULL, IBM negotiated with them about the notebook that would become the 300.
The ThinkPad 300 was originally designed and manufactured by Zenith Data Systems, and was previously
The ThinkPad 300 was made by Zenith Data Systems, instead of IBM. It was launched on October 5, 1992 alongside the ThinkPad 700 series.
Although introduced at a price of $2,375, by February of 1993 the price dropped to $1,999 then even lower to $1,699 by May of 1993. This was due to poor sales of the ThinkPad 300.
Specifications
The 300 was based on the 25 MHz Intel 386SLC with 4 MB of memory, and had a nickel metal hydride battery that was claimed by IBM to up to 10 hours. It also had the option of an 80 or 120 MB hard disk drive and it had a 9.5in 640x480 monochrome screen with 64 scales of grey. Other features it had was DOS 5.0 preinstalled, and for ports was a modem, serial, VGA, parallel, ethernet, and port replicator. Alongside the hard drive, it had a built in 3 1/2 1.44 MB floppy disk drive.
As the 300 was meant to be low-end and cheaper, it was missing some features the 700 series had, such as the TrackPoint device.
Although the thinkpad came with monochrome screens, they could later be upgraded to an active color TFT screen.
Comparison
Reception
PC Mag regarded the ThinkPad 300 as a decent choice, thanks to the good screen and above average battery life backed by flexible power management.
References
External links
oldcomputers.net - ThinkPad 300
Thinkwiki.de - 300
ThinkWiki.org - 300
IBM laptops
ThinkPad | laptop Build Quality | 0.347 | 14,287 |
ThinkPad X series
The ThinkPad X series is a line of laptop computers and convertible tablets produced by Lenovo with less power than its other counterparts. It was initially produced by IBM until 2005.
IBM announced the ThinkPad X series (initially the X20) in September 2000 with the intention of providing "workers on the move with a better experience in extra-thin and extra-light mobile computing." The ThinkPad X series replaced both the 240 and 570 series during IBM's transition from numbered to letter series during the early 2000s. The first X Series laptops were "slimmer than a deck of cards" and "lighter than a half-gallon of milk", despite the presence of a 12.1-inch Thin-film transistor (TFT LCD) display. These design values—thin and light—continued to be integral to the ThinkPad X-series laptops' design and marketing, even after the purchase of IBM's Personal Computing Division by Lenovo. The first X Series ThinkPad released by Lenovo was the X41 in 2005.
The ThinkPad X-series laptops from Lenovo were described by Trusted Reviews as "combining an ultraportable's weight and form factor with a durable design." The X-series laptop styles include traditional ultraportables, as well as convertible tablet designs. According to Lenovo, the ThinkPad X-series laptops include low power processors, offer long battery life, and several durability features such as a Roll Cage (Magnesium Frame around the Display), magnesium alloy covers, and a spill-resistant keyboard but currently lacks a replaceable battery and upgradable RAM slots.
IBM-branded models
2000
X20
The X20 was the first in IBM/Lenovo's long standing X-series ultraportable line; the Celeron-based configurations had a thinner case.
Processor: Intel Coppermine Mobile, Celeron (500MHz), or Pentium III (600MHz)
Memory: 64128MiB, maximum of 320MiB (1 slot, 64MiB soldered) SDR
Storage: IDE, 10 or 20GB
Display: SVGA () or XGA () CCFL-backlit TN LCD
Dimensions: 279 × 227 × 2530mm (or 2428mm with Celeron CPU)
Mass/Weight: , or (with standard battery, and Pentium or Celeron CPU)
2001
X21
Same specifications as the X20, except an optional 600 or 700MHz processor and more onboard RAM could be ordered.
X22
All new internal design, slim-version dropped, SVGA screen option dropped, Tualatin CPUs, faster (Radeon 7000 8MiB) GPU, Communications Daughter Card/CDC slot, optional FireWire and/or WiFi on some models, 133MHz FSB, maximum RAM increased to 640MiB.
Processor: Intel Pentium III Mobile (733 or 800MHz)
Memory: 128, 256, up to 640MiB (1 slot, 128MiB soldered) SDR; 8-chip 512MiB or 4-chip 128MiB modules only.
Storage: IDE, 10 or 20GB
Display: XGA () CCFL-backlit TN LCD
Dimensions: 279 × 227 × 2530mm
Mass/Weight: (with standard battery)
2002
X23
Same as the X22 but with faster processors (800 or 866MHz), bigger hard drives up to 30GB, Bluetooth and the IBM Security Sub System on selected models.
X24
Same as the X23 with even faster processors: 1.06 to 1.13GHz.
X30
Full-powered successor to the X2x line with completely redesigned case. However, they shared much of the technology. 830MG chipset with Intel Extreme Graphics GPU. Maximum of 1GiB RAM, thanks to two RAM slots. FireWire now standard on all models. Up to 60GB hard drives available, additional secondary "Extended Life Battery" could be purchased.
Processor: Intel Pentium III Mobile (1.06 or 1.2GHz)
Memory: 128, 256, or 512MiB DDR (up to 1024MiB, 2 slots)
Storage: IDE, 15, 20, 30, 40, 48 or 60GB
Display: XGA () CCFL-backlit TN LCD
Dimensions: 273 × 223 × 2530mm
Mass/Weight: (with standard battery)
2003
X31
X30 updated to the Intel Centrino platform, Pentium M CPUs, faster RAM (DDR PC2100), better GPU (ATI Radeon 7000) and more VRAM (16MiB), USB2.0, 2nd USB port on left side, Gigabit LAN introduced on some models, IBM Security Sub System on some models.
Processor: Intel Pentium M (Banias), L2-Cache: 1MiB, TDP: 2224.5W, 400MHz FSB
1.3GHz, 1.4GHz, 1.5GHz, 1.6GHz, or 1.7GHz
Memory: 256512MiB DDR (up to 2048MiB, 2 slots)
Storage: IDE 2.5";
Models with 4200RPM drives and capacities of 20, 30, 40, or 60GB
Models with 5400RPM drives and capacities of 40, 60, or 80GB
Display: XGA () CCFL-backlit TN LCD
Dimensions: 273 × 223 × 30.2mm
Mass/Weight: (with standard battery)
X40
The first model in a new "Thin and Light" sub-line. Specifications:
Processor: Intel Pentium M 1.0, 1.2, or 1.3GHz (Banias) or 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, or 1.6GHz (Dothan)
Memory: 2561,536MiB DDR (256 or 512MiB soldered, 1 slot)
Storage: IDE 1.8", 20 or 40GB
Display: XGA () CCFL-backlit TN LCD
Dimensions: 268mm × 211mm × 2127mm
Mass/Weight:
2005
X41, X41 Tablet
Three years after the release of the X30, upon acquiring the ThinkPad division, Lenovo released the ThinkPad X41 ultraportable laptop and the ThinkPad X41 tablet. The X41 tablet was convertible, with the capacity to function as a tablet PC and an ultraportable laptop.
X32
The X32 was introduced in 2005. The numbering system was irregular, as it was actually introduced after the X40, but using the older X3x chassis design. It was also more powerful than the X40 and X41 units, due to the use of faster full-voltage Dothan processors and standard 2.5-inch 5400/7200RPM hard drives. It was a very short-lived model, discontinued within months of introduction. On this model, IBM included Gigabit LAN and the Security Sub System on all models. The X32 and X41 are two of the last IBM-designed ThinkPads, before Lenovo took over. The X41 tablet was designed by Lenovo.
2006
The X-series laptops released in 2006 from Lenovo were the X60, X60s, and X60 tablet.
X60 and X60s
The X60 and X60s slimline differed primarily by their processors: the X60s had a low voltage processor, while the X60 did not. This gave the X60s a lower active temperature and longer battery life in exchange for reduced performance. The X60s also had a smaller heatsink and a slightly thinner case with a different battery form factor, although it could use standard X60 batteries with a plastic adapter.
In its review of the ThinkPad X60/X60s, Notebook Review called the laptop, "Hands down the best performing ultraportable on the market", while raising issues about the design and the lack of an optical drive.
The two laptops were available in a variety of configurations. Later X60 models used 64-bit Core 2 Duo CPUs, and some X60s were available with a lightweight LCD panel. Typical specifications of the laptops are provided below:
Processor:
Intel Core Solo T1300 (1.6GHz), Core Duo T2300E, T2400, T2500 (1.662.0GHz) or Core 2 Duo T5500, T5600, T7200 (1.662.0GHz) X60
Intel Core Duo L2300, L2400, L2500 (1.501.83GHz), or Core 2 Duo L7400 (1.50GHz) X60s
Chipset: Intel 945GM
Memory: up to 3.2GiB DDR2 (2 slots, fits 4GiB, but chipset limit is 3.2GiB)
Graphics: Intel GMA 950
Storage: 1 × 2.5" SATA 1.5Gbit/s (80GB 5400RPM)
Display: CCFL-backlit TN LCD
Mass/Weight: starting at (X60), or (X60s)
Operating System: Microsoft Windows XP Professional
X60 Tablet
The ThinkPad X60 tablet was praised by reviewers. LAPTOP Magazine said the ThinkPad X60 tablet "raises the bar for business-class convertibles". The most significant issue raised was the low capacity 4-cell battery, which provided a battery life of two hours.
Lenovo-branded models
2007
The X Series laptops released by Lenovo in 2007 were the X61, the X61s, and the X61 tablet.
X61 and X61s
The X61 received mixed user reviews on CNET, with some users reporting display problems and delivery delays, while others praised the laptop for performance and portability.
Reviewers, however, praised the ultraportable. Notebook Review called it an "extremely fast ultraportable". However, they criticized the display colors and viewing angles. They also pointed out that the palm rest was prone to heating up because of the wireless networking card underneath it.
The X61s was lauded for its excellent build quality, performance, and long battery life. The battery was an improvement over the X41. The model is one of the last to feature a 43 aspect ratio display.
Some X60s models shipped with the Intel Core 2 Duo L7300 clocked at 1.40GHz or the L7700 clocked at 1.80GHz. As of 2018 it was still possible to purchase new batteries and spare parts for these laptops from a few online retailers.
X61 Tablet
The ThinkPad X61 tablet also received positive reviews, with IT Reviews saying that "the build quality and engineering are second to none and this shines through with the tablet features which have been executed with something close to genius". However, the high price tag and relatively inadequate performance were criticized by the reviewer.
tabletPC Review acknowledged the sturdiness of the X61 tablet, the high battery life, and the quality of the pen. The features that met with disfavor were the lack of a widescreen, display brightness and colors, and the lack of an optical drive—although the reviewer admitted that the absence helps reduce weight.
2008
The laptops released in the X series in 2008 followed the new naming conventions established by Lenovo. The X Series laptops released by Lenovo in 2008 were X200, X200 tablet and X300.
X200 and X200s
The ThinkPad X200 was released on 15 July 2008. It leveraged the new technology from the X300, including the options of a solid-state drive (SSD), an optional integrated camera, widescreen display, optional 3G mobile broadband card, a new 9-cell battery for extended running time up to 9.8 hours, weight as low as , and an Intel Core 2 Duo CPU up to 2.66GHz. This was one of the last models of the X-Series able to run Libreboot, a Free Software BIOS replacement.
Lenovo released X200s on 23 September 2008. It differed from the standard X200 in being lighter, having longer battery life, and running more quietly due to an "owl fan" design for cooling taken from the X300. The X200s was available with more than half a dozen different CPUs and three screen options; the top of the range was a WXGA+ LED-Backlit TN Panel.
The X200s features cooler components (made possible with the fan design modeled on owl-wings). However, both laptops did not have a touchpad (only the TrackPoint), no HDMI, DVI, or DisplayPort, and no built-in optical drive. The X200 series included tablet PC models, designated by the usage of the "t" suffix, primarily the X230t.
X200 Tablet
Lenovo released X200 tablet on 9 September 2008. Like other tablet-designated models this added a convertible screen assembly containing a touch digitizer with pen and buttons on the screen front for operating the device without access to keyboard and buttons in converted mode.
X300 and X301
Codenamed "Kodachi", with X300 released on 26 February 2008. It is distinguished from other ultraportable laptops by its use of LED backlighting, removable battery, solid-state drive, and integrated DVD burner. The ThinkPad X300 used a small form factor Intel GS965 chipset (instead of the standard GM965 chipset), along with the Intel Core 2 Duo L7100 low-voltage CPU (with 12W Thermal design power (TDP). Its successor, the ThinkPad X301 uses the Intel Centrino 2 mobile platform with GS45 chipset, and an ultra-low-voltage (ULV) CPU. It also integrates GPS, WWAN, and a webcam in the top lid. The thickest part of the laptop is , while the thinnest part is .
The X300's original internal codename was "Razor", after the then-popular Motorola Razr flip phone. Lenovo noticed that three technologies were converging that would make it possible to build a very thin, light, and fast ThinkPad. The first was solid-state storage, which would replace mechanical hard drives. The second was light-emitting diode (LED) backlighting for flat-panel displays which would improve battery life and image quality. The third was ultrathin optical drives just 7mm thick, compared to 9.5mm and 12.7mm used by previous ThinkPads. The Razor concept was eventually merged with the Bento-Fly project and renamed Kodachi.
The price at the time of the review by Notebook Review was extremely high, and indicated to be out of range for all but corporate users. LAPTOP Magazine awarded the X300 laptop a score of 4.5 stars, among the highest for a ThinkPad X-series laptop.
This laptop was less than an inch thick, making it the thinnest ThinkPad available at the time. The X300 laptop offered a quick boot with SSD. It also offered a built-in optical drive, uncommon in thin and light notebooks. However, the laptop did not include an SD card reader, had no expansion dock capability, and no ExpressCard or PC Card slot.
2010
The X-series laptops released in 2010 from Lenovo were the X100e, X201, X201s, and X201 tablet.
X100e and Mini 10
The ThinkPad X100e was released in 2010, with Engadget calling the laptop "the perfect solution between a netbook and a larger 13- or 14-inch ULV ultraportable". Available in two colors (heatwave red and the traditional ThinkPad matte black) the design was compared to that of the Edge series which deviated from traditional ThinkPad design. The X100e, however, despite the choice of colors, retained the "angular edges and boxy build" which "scream traditional ThinkPad design".
The specifications of the X100e laptop are given below:
Processor: 1.6GHz AMD Athlon Neo Single-Core MV-40
Memory: Up to 4GiB 667MT/s DDR2 (2 slots) with 2GiB fitted as standard
Graphics: ATI Radeon 3200
Display: (169) LED-backlit TN LCD
Storage: 1 × SATA 3Gbit/s (250GB 5400RPM)
0.3Mpx webcam, 4-in-1 card reader
Battery: 6-cell
Dimensions:
Mass/Weight: with a 6-cell battery
Operating System: Microsoft Windows 7 Professional 32-bit
A modified and re-branded low-cost version of the Lenovo X100e, named the Mini 10 was issued to all year 9 students in NSW Australia at the start of 2010. They featured an Intel Atom N450 (1.66 GHz) processor, 160 GB HDD, 2 GiB RAM, a 10-inch 1024×600 Screen (fitted in a 11.6-inch frame), 0.3MP Webcam and Windows 7 Enterprise.
X201, X201i and X201s
The main 12-inch line-up only received an internal hardware update and a new palmrest with a touchpad.
The X201i model is a version of regular X201 with a Core i3 CPU.
X201 Tablet
The X201 tablet, released in 2010, was criticized by Engadget for its lack of durability, protruding battery, and thick body, while praised for its performance. Notebook Review had similar views about the X201 tablet in terms of both performance and battery life while indicating the display was superior to that of the X201 or X201s.
2011
The ThinkPad X-series laptops released in 2011 by Lenovo were the X120e, X220, X220i, X220 tablet and X1.
At some models the keyboard is significally changed: The extra buttons for mute, volume up and volume down are moved under Fn+Fxx keys. The shape of the keys and the distance between keys are changed (Chiclet or Island style keyboard). There is a global trend that the keys are getting more flat, the way of movement is getting shorter. The last and most popular models with a really traditional keyboard were X61, X200, X201 (sleeper thinkpad builders are using this models to put a custom motherboard into the "vintage" case, see: X62, X210). In this year X220 had an almost traditional keyboard, but some keys (ins, del) changed their positions and size.
X120e, X121e
The ThinkPad X120e was released in March 2011. The laptop won Best Affordable Business Ultraportable at CES 2011. The laptop's specifications are given below.
Battery: 7.5 hours
Mass/Weight: Starting at with a 3-cell battery.
X220
The ThinkPad X220 was released in April 2011 with a new thinner, latchless case and a 16:9 screen. LAPTOP Magazine received the X220 positively. It was praised for its battery life, performance, low weight, display, keyboard, and significantly improved temperature control. However, the web camera did not receive favor—while images were crisp and clear, colors were reported to be muted.
Engadget said the "all-too-familiar ThinkPad can deceive you with its boring business looks, but it's arguably one of the best laptops we've ever tested". Notebook Review was of the same opinion, stating that the "ThinkPad X220 is quite simply the best 12-inch business notebook we've reviewed so far."
The laptop's specifications are given below:
Processor: Intel Sandy Bridge, up to a Core i7-2640M
Memory: Up to 8GiB DDR3 1333MT/s (unofficially up to 16GiB and 1866MT/s)
Graphics: Intel HD Graphics 3000
Display: (169) LED-backlit TN or IPS LCD. The X220 was the first non-tablet X series to have an IPS screen option from the factory.
Storage: 1 × SATA 6Gbit/s, 1 × mSATA 3Gbit/s
Battery: Up to 9 hours with a 6-cell battery and up to 15 hours with a 9-cell battery. This battery life can be increased to 23 hours with a 9-cell battery and an external battery pack.
Mass/Weight: Less than
Dimensions:
The X220i uses the same motherboard and chipset as the standard X220, but has a less powerful Intel Core i3 processor, compared to the i5 and i7 options available for the X220. As another cost-reducing measure, the X220i was not offered with an IPS display option.
X220 Tablet
The X220 tablet was also released in April 2011. It offered the same specifications as the X220 laptop in terms of processor, graphics, and RAM. The battery life on the X220 tablet was up to nine hours with a 6-cell battery and up to 18 hours with an external battery pack and a 6-cell battery. The starting weight of the tablet was 3.88 lbs.
X1
An addition to the lightweight X series, weighing between 1.36 kg to 1.72 kg depending on configuration. It was the thinnest ThinkPad laptop to date at 16.5 (front) and 21.5 mm (rear). The screen is a LED-backlit HD infinity panel with (WXGA) resolution. Base configuration uses an Intel Sandy Bridge 2.5 GHz Core i5-2520M (up to 3.20 GHz) with 4 GiB of RAM (up to 8 GiB), SATA SSD or hard drive, Intel Integrated HD Graphics, USB 3.0, backlit keyboard, 802.11 b/g/n WiFi and an average of eight hours of battery life. The battery is internal and not removable, and there is no optical drive.
The ThinkPad X1 laptop was released by Lenovo in May 2011. Notebook Review offered a positive opinion of the ThinkPad X1, saying that it was, "A powerful notebook that combines the durability and features of a business-class ThinkPad with the style of a consumer laptop." A 13.3-inch X1 ThinkPad was announced to be available in the UK on June 7, 2011.
The specifications of the ThinkPad X1 laptop are given below:
Processor: Up to Intel Core i7-2620M (2× 2.70GHz, 4MiB L3)
Memory: Up to 8GiB DDR3 1333MT/s (1 slot)
Graphics: Intel HD Graphics 3000
Storage: 1 × SATA 6Gbit/s (320GB 7200RPM HDD, or an SSD, ranging from 128GiB to 160GB)
Battery: Up to 5.2 hours. This could be extended further to 10 hours with a slice battery.
Mass/Weight: Starting at
Dimensions:
2012
The ThinkPad X-series laptops released in 2012 by Lenovo were the X1 Carbon, X131e, X230 and X230t (tablet).
In the T, W, and L series the models Thinkpad T430, T430s, T530, W530, L430 and L530 were also released.
We lost the "Ins" key as separate key, it is moved under the end key: Fn+End, making the Ctrl+Ins - Shift+Ins totally unusable as an alternative way of copy-paste on some systems.
X130e, X131e
The X131e is a laptop designed for the education market and comes in three versions: Chrome OS, Windows and DOS. It has a durable case fitted with rubber bumpers and thickened plastic case components to improve its durability. The display is an panel with a resolution and an anti-glare coating. It can be customized with various colors, school logos, and asset tagging. The X131e comes in several processor versions: Intel's Celeron/Core i3 and AMD's E1/E2. All models are basically the same as the X130e, with some including SIM card slots for cellular network access and some including Wireless WAN (WWAN) cards.
A special edition laptop was provided for Australian Year 9 students as part of the Digital Education Revolution (DER) program in 2012.
Hardware specifications:
Processor: Intel Celeron 857 (1.2GHz dual-core)
Memory: 4GiB DDR3
Storage: 320GB SATA HDD
Display: (169) LED-backlit TN LCD
Integrated 0.3Mpx camera
Integrated WiFi and Bluetooth
Mass/Weight: with 6-cell battery
X230
The ThinkPad X230 announced on 15 May 2012 replaced the earlier X220. The X230 uses the same chassis, but introduced a new chiclet-style, 6-row keyboard replacing the classic 7-row keyboard style, Ivy Bridge processor and for the first time in the X-series—USB 3.0. The new keyboard design became a controversial topic in the ThinkPad community along with the locked down BIOS that discouraged third-party components including batteries or WLAN cards. The Ivy Bridge processors brought performance improvements compared to the X220, and the integrated Intel HD Graphics 4000 are more than capable of delivering a good gaming experience in 4X or classic RTS games.
The maximum amount of installable memory is 16GiB in two memory slots, allowing for dual-channel RAM. Just like the X220, it is possible to use a mSATA SSD within the second Mini PCI Express slot instead of a WWAN card.
Specifications:
Processor: Intel 3rd Generation Core i5/i7 (Ivy Bridge) CPU:
Core i7-3520M (2.9GHz dual-core, 4MB L3 cache)
Core i5-3360M (2.8GHz dual-core, 3MB L3 cache)
Core i5-3320M (2.6GHz dual-core, 3MB L3 cache)
Core i5-3210M (2.5GHz dual-core, 3MB L3 cache)
Memory: Up to 16GiB DDR3 (1600MT/s, 2 socketed DIMMs)
Graphics: Intel HD Graphics 4000
Display: (169) LED-backlit TN or IPS LCD
Storage: 1 × SATA 6Gbit/s (320 or 500GB HDD, or 128 or 180GiB SSD), 1 × mSATA 6Gbit/s socket
720p HD webcam (04f2:b2eb Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd) or 3×3 Antenna Grid
X230i is just a i3-equipped version of a regular X230.
X230s
The X230s is a China-Market only model. More akin to the X240 instead of the X230, it gained many of the design cues later found on the X240 Line, and were equipped with Intel 3rd Gen ULV CPUs.
X230 Tablet
The ThinkPad X230 Tablet was announced on 15 May 2012 and replaced the earlier X220 tablet. The ThinkPad X230t is not compatible with previous series 3 docking stations (4337 and 4338) and is only compatible with the UltraBase series 3 "slice base". The X230t has a touchscreen with stylus support whereas the X230 has no touchscreen. The X230T also has a full size display port whereas the X230 has a mini display port.
X1 Carbon
In early August 2012, Lenovo released the first generation of ThinkPad X1 Carbon announced on 15 May 2012. The X1 Carbon weighs , has a battery life of roughly eight hours, and has a start-up time of less than 20 seconds. The X1 Carbon was first released in China because of the popularity of ThinkPads in that market.
The first X1 Carbon featured only an M.2 SSD instead of a 2.5" hard drive bay. The base model has 4GiB of memory, an Intel Core i5-3317U processor, and a 128GiB SSD. The most expensive model has an Intel Core i7 processor and a 256GiB SSD. The X1 Carbon requires a dongle to connect an ethernet cable, and some models include a 3G cellular modem.
The first-generation X1 Carbon has a TN-panel LCD display with a resolution of (169 aspect ratio). The X1 Carbon weighs and measures . The X1 Carbon's case is made of light carbon fiber and has a matte black finish. The Carbon is also marketed "as the thinnest 14" ultrabook.
In a review published for CNET, Dan Ackerman wrote, "At first glance, the ThinkPad X1 Carbon looks a lot like other ThinkPads, but in the hand it stands out as very light and portable. The excellent keyboard shows up other ultrabooks, and the rugged build quality is reassuring. With a slightly boosted battery and maybe a lower starting price, this could be a serious contender for my all-around favorite thin laptop."
Peter Bright wrote a disparaging review for Ars Technica. He found the new X1 Carbon with the "Adaptive Keyboard" to be near perfect but unusable because the keyboard was so non-standard when compared with that of a desktop or the older ThinkPad T410s and Lenovo Helix keyboards. As a touch typist, he despaired at the removal of the function keys, and the layout. He cited the repositioning of the Caps Lock key, replacing it with Home/End, and the positioning of the backspace and delete keys.
In November 2012, Lenovo announced a touch-screen variant called the ThinkPad X1 Carbon Touch designed for use with Windows 8. Its display makes use of multi-touch technology that can detect simultaneous inputs from up to ten fingers. On the performance of the X1 Carbon Touch's SSD, Engadget states, "The machine boots into the Start screen in 11 seconds, which is pretty typical for a Windows 8 machine with specs like these. We also found that the solid-state drive delivers equally strong read and write speeds (551MB/s and 518MB/s, respectively), which we noticed the last time we tested an Ultrabook with an Intel SSD."
2013
The ThinkPad X Series laptops released in 2013 by Lenovo were the X131e Chromebook, X240, X140e and ThinkPad Helix (Convertible tablet).
X131e Chromebook
The Chromebook version of the X131e was released in early 2013.
X140e
The X140e is the last Thinkpad with a classic round power plug.
X240 and X240s
The ThinkPad X240 replaced the earlier X230 and X230s. Compared to the X230, the X240 changed from the higher-power Intel Core CPUs labelled as "mobile class", to the lower-power CPUs labelled "ultrabook class". Depending on the CPU model, the change resulted in a 10%–20% reduction in CPU performance compared to the older, but higher power Ivy Bridge generation CPUs. This was the first X-series laptop to forgo the classic TrackPoint buttons in favor of a touchpad that can also be pushed. The X240 reduced the maximum physical memory to 8GiB, with only one memory slot, making dual-channel unavailable (compared to 16GiB dual-channel in two memory slots on the X230), lost the dedicated insert key and volume control keys. The X240 uses the rectangular "slim tip" power plug. X240 have a two double bateries. And also the touchpads on the X240 range was emphasised on YouTube channels like Laptop Retrospective as feeling like paper and that's why the X250 touchpads were commonly fitted on X240 models for improved clicking and satisfaction of a good touchpad.
The X240s is a slimmed down and lighter, Asian-market-only version of the X240 with the docking port missing and Power Bridge hot-swappable battery replaced with two internal batteries rated at 23.5Wh each, which by extension removes the option to install larger 6-cell batteries in place of the default 3-cell.
Helix
The ThinkPad Helix was released as an option for corporate IT buyers who were looking for the power of a high-end Ultrabook and mobility of a tablet. The ThinkPad Helix featured a tablet powered by Ivy Bridge components, a docking keyboard, and Wacom digitizer stylus.
2015
X250
The ThinkPad X Series laptops released in 2015 by Lenovo were the third-generation X1 Carbon and X250 during the CES congress. The ThinkPad X250 has a Broadwell processor. The X250 saw a return of separate trackpoint buttons; it has only one RAM slot. A touch screen was available for this model. The X250 uses the rectangular power plug.
2016
X260
The ThinkPad X Series laptops were released in 2016 by Lenovo during the CES congress and replaced the earlier ThinkPad X250. The ThinkPad X260 adopts the Skylake processors, adds an additional USB 3.0 port, but USB-C is missing. and replaces the VGA port with an HDMI port in addition to the existing Mini DisplayPort port. Lenovo claims the X260 can achieve battery life of 21.5 hours from a full charge.
2017
X270
The ThinkPad X270 was announced in December 2016 with TN and IPS displays available in HD and FHD as well as a FHD touch screen option. Lenovo claims the X270 can achieve more than 20 hours of battery life from a full charge. It includes one USB-C port supporting USB 3.1 Gen 1 speed (5Gbit/s) and PD (charging via USB-C), HDMI, two USB Type-A 3.0 ports, one of which is "always on", allowing users to charge items plugged in while the laptop is off or asleep.
A275
The A275 is a version of the X270 with an AMD processor and some other differences.
2018
X280
Lenovo ThinkPad x280 is the first in the X line to feature charging and docking to USB-C Thunderbolt.
Unlike previous models in the series, this has soldered RAM, a non-removable battery, and no built-in RJ45 ethernet port (although one is available via an extension cable). Some users have contended that this eliminates several of the central appeals of the X2* series, and that it effectively represents a replication of Lenovo's existing lines rather than a true continuation of the series.
A285
The A285 is a version of the X280 with an AMD processor. While the ports selection and connectivity look identical, A285 lacks X280's Thunderbolt 3 support.
X380 Yoga
2019
X390
Update of X280 with a same case but with a screen.
X395
Same as the X390, but it has an AMD processor.
X390 Yoga
2020
X13 (Intel)
X13 (AMD)
X13 Yoga
See also
ThinkPad Yoga series
Notes
References
External links
ThinkPad X Series
IBM laptops
Lenovo laptops
Subnotebooks
Microsoft Tablet PC
X series
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Sony Vaio Z series
Sony has used the Z model naming scheme for its high-end ultraportable notebook computers since 2000. Unlike other Sony models, the Z has always been manufactured in Japan or in the United States for some models (i.e. VGN-Z540). Sony has stated that production of the Z series will cease at the end of 2012.
The model numbers for these computers have been PCG-Z (2003), VGN-Z (2008), VPC-Z1 (2010), VPC-Z2 (2011), SV-Z1 (2012).
The ultra-portable niche was eventually taken over by low cost netbooks. For differentiation, subsequent Z models proceeded to include high-end screens, CPUs, GPUs and on-board DVD/Blu-ray drives etc.
Models
Z5xx (US), Z1x (Europe, Asia) - launch models ~ July/August 2008
Z6xx (US), Z2x (Europe, Asia) - October/November 2008 - minor hardware (CPU, hard disk, RAM) improvements
no new model (US), Z3x (Europe, Asia) - minor hardware upgrades, as above
Z7xx (US), Z4x (Europe, Asia) - different colour palm rest, minor hardware improvements
Z8xx (US), Z5x (Europe, Asia) - new model for Windows 7, minor hardware improvements, enabled VT support in BIOS
Z11 - 2010 post-CES model. Core i5 and i7 CPU options. SSD-only. Nvidia GT330m GPU.
Z12 - September 2010, updated iXXX series CPUs, sim card holder added to North American models
Z13 - October 2010, added i7-640M CPU, TPM options, keyboard updated.
Z14 - January 2011, added CTO 1TB SSD option
Z21 - July 2011 - Sandy Bridge (i7 2ndGen), 0.66" thickness, slate battery, external AMD graphics/power dock, lightpeak, USB 3.0, 1.3 Mpx webcam, new Flash SSD
PCG-Z Original (2003)
The original Z featured a color 14.1" SXGA TFT display (1400 x 1050), Firewire (i-Link), two USB 2.0, and a PCMCIA slot and external CD and Floppy Drives, and weighed around 2.1kg. It had a Pentium M processor ranging from 1.5 to 1.7GHz. It ran Windows XP and included Sony's DV-Gate software for importing video from DV camcorders.
VGN-Z (2008 & 2009)
In 2008 the first series of VGN-Z was introduced. Second series was introduced in December 2009 as a part of the Intel Centrino 2 launch. They fall into the ultraportable category, with a 13.1" screen and 1.47 kg weight (3.4 lb) (dependent on configuration). They were configured with Intel Core 2 Duo CPUs.
Compared with the SZ series, the Z is slightly lighter (200 grams), with a slightly smaller (13.1" vs. 13.3") screen, which was switched from 16:10 to 16:9 widescreen aspect ratio. In comparison to the SZ, which was available only in 1280×800 resolution, the Z series come with a choice (model-dependent) of screens, originally 1366×768 and 1600×900; and more recently models 1600×900 and 1920×1080.
As with the SZ, the Z has hybrid graphics, originally NVIDIA GeForce 9300M GS as well as Mobile Intel 4 Series Express 4500MHD chipsets; more recently the Nvidia chip is a 330m. The user can switch between the Nvidia (for better graphics performance) and Intel (for longer battery life) via a 3 way switch above the keyboard.
Newer options with the Z series are an integrated Blu-ray Disc drive, built-in HSDPA support and the use of an SSD (including RAID configuration, for better performance) instead of a hard drive for storage.
Other features include a 0.3 megapixel webcam, Bluetooth, SD and Memory Stick reader, fingerprint sensor and Trusted Platform Module support.
As with the SZ series, the Z is equipped with standard, rather than ultra-low voltage (which are slower, but produce less heat and provide better battery life), processors. The CPUs are generally Core 2 Duo P- (mid voltage) CPUs, but also T- (standard voltage) CPUs.
Intel VT-x support was intentionally disabled in the laptop's BIOS, resulting in the use of hacked BIOSes by some users. Sony claimed VT had been disabled for security reasons, but eventually enabled the feature in November 2009.
VPC-Z Update (2010)
The Z series was updated in light of the new Core i5/i7 CPUs from Intel. The new range offers an i5 or i7 (although it is not clear if memory is dual port or triple port for the i7; it seems likely to be dual port, since varying the memory portness in the motherboard by CPU is a big change and because the memory choices remain 2/4/8, rather than changing to 3/6/12), a keyboard backlight, revised chassis and a Blu-ray writer. The first SSD models (VPC-Z1xxx) all use non-standard form-factor drives (due to lack of internal space) sourced from Samsung specifically for the Vaio; they cannot be replaced with standard third party 1.8 or 2.5 inch drives. The SSDs in the refreshed models (VPC-Z12xx, VPC-Z13xx & VPC-Z14xx) can be replaced with 1.8" drives from Intel or Crucial, provided the Vaio is a dual RAID model and not a Quad-RAID model. The caveat is that the outer casing of the Intel or Crucial SSD must be stripped off of the SSDs in order for the SSDs to fit in the Z. At least VPCZ-13 dual-RAID models, custom-ordered in Japan were shipped with a pair of reduced size Toshiba SSD's, with Micro-SATA connector. The second, third and fourth refresh models still use proprietary Samsung drives on the Quad-RAID models. In order to replace the SSD drives in a first generation (VPC-Z11xxx) model, or any generation Quad-RAID model, the cable for the SSDs will need to be replaced with Sony part # A-1781-464-A.
Custom Z series models which are built with a hard disk (i.e. non-SSD) and no optical drive are manufactured with a standard 2.5" hard disk fitted into the empty optical bay. These models can have the hard disk replaced by a standard 2.5" SSD. The adapter in the optical bay expects a 12.7 mm high 2.5" drive. At least some 2.5" SSD drives (such as the Intel X-25e) are 9 mm models. Proper fitting requires a shim (a piece of cardboard about 4 mm thick cut to the shape of the drive will do).
In these cases, the unit can be opened up by unscrewing every screw on the back. The battery must be removed first and there are five screws covered by the battery; a group of three holding down a plastic rail and two which screw into the back part of the chassis. The two screwed into the chassis need to be removed. Opening the unit up appears not to void the warranty (no stickers broken).
VPC-Z2 Update (2011)
Sony has officially announced its new Ultra-Thin 13-inch Z series laptop the Sony Vaio Z in Europe on June 27, 2011. The highest custom configuration available includes a 2.7 GHz second generation Intel Core i7 (Sandy Bridge) processor, 512 GB SSD in RAID-0 (Newer SATA III Generation 3 SSD), 8 GB 1333 MHz Fixed On-board (Irremovable) DDR3 RAM and a 1920×1080 13.1" screen (a 1600×900 screen is also available).
The Z2 is also compatible with Sony's Power Media Dock, which includes an external AMD GPU and a DVD or Blu-ray drive and connects to the laptop through Sony's implementation of the Light Peak Technology.
SVZ3 Update (2012)
The SVZ has a 15th Anniversary Collector's Edition.
It has nearly the exact same design and weight from VPC-Z2.
The processor changed from a 2nd Gen Intel Core i5 or i7 to a 3rd Gen Intel Core i5 or i7, HM67 chipset to HM77 chipset, HD3000 to HD4000, and the dedicated Power Media Dock GPU changed from a AMD Radeon HD 6650M to a AMD Radeon HD 7670M (exact same model).
Technical specifications
Problems
Most Sony Vaio models with hybrid Intel-nVidia graphics are affected with vast number of bugs present in every accelerated 2D (DX, DS) graphics, 3D graphics and power management of the video-system. Yet Sony doesn't provide any driver update or fix leaving customers on their own. Some enthusiast-made Intel-nVidia hybrid graphics driver updates solving general gaming performance problems can be found in the Internet although Sony keeps stating that use of those drivers is the pretext to cease the warranty or extended warranty (damage insurance).
While Sony was positioning Z1x series as equipped with nVidia Optimus graphics actually resource sharing between Intel and nVidia subsystems was never supported leaving the graphics system in legacy switchable mode. And as far as the provided software doesn't support automatic graphics switching during most multimedia software running, the user is left the only option to switch performance modes manually, making the multimedia software crash or behave unexpectedly.
External links
Official Product Description at sonystyle.com
Independent Review at engadget.com
References
Z | laptop Build Quality | 0.345 | 14,289 |
List of computer system manufacturers
The following is a list of notable computer system manufacturers.
Current
ABS Computer Technologies (Parent: Newegg)
Acer
AG Neovo
Alphabet Inc.
Google
Amiga, Inc.
ACube Systems Srl
Hyperion Entertainment
Aigo
AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)
Aleutia
Alienware (Parent: Dell)
AMAX Information Technologies
AOpen
Apple
ASRock
Asus
AVADirect
AXIOO International
BenQ
Biostar
Brother Industries
Burroughs Corporation
Corona Data Systems
Chassis Plans
Chip PC
Cisco Systems
Clevo
Crystal Group
Compal
Cooler Master
CyberPowerPC
Dai-Tech
Data General
Dell
Wyse Technology
DFI
Digital Storm
Elitegroup Computer Systems (ECS)
Eagle Computer
Epson
Evans & Sutherland
Everex
EVGA
Falcon Northwest
FIC
Fujitsu
Fujitsu Technology Solutions
Foxconn
Founder Technology
Gigabyte
Aorus
GoPro
Gradiente
Groupe Bull
Grundig (Parent: Arçelik)
Hasee
HCL
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Cray
Silicon Graphics International
HP Inc. (formerly Hewlett-Packard)
Fortify Software
HP Autonomy
Compaq
Digital Equipment Corporation
Hisense
Hitachi
HTC
Huawei
Hyundai
IBM
Intel
Inventec
Itautec
IGEL
Illegear
Jetta International
Kohjinsha
Kontron AG
Lanix
Lanner Electronics
LanSlide Gaming PCs
Lenovo
Medion
LG
LiteOn
Maingear
Meebox
Mesh Computers
Microsoft
Micro-Star International (MSI)
Micro Center
Myria
MiTAC
Motion Computing
Monel
Motorola
NComputing
NCR
NEC
Nvidia
NZXT
Olidata
Oracle
Origin PC
Panasonic
Positivo Informática
Puget Systems
Quanta Computer
RCA
Razer
Samsung
Sapphire Technology
Shuttle
Síragon
Sony
Supermicro
SupernovaGaming
Systemax
System76
T-Platforms
TabletKiosk
Tatung
Toshiba
Tyan
Unisys
V3 Gaming PC
Vaio
Velocity Micro
Vestel
VIA Technologies
ViewSonic
Viglen
Vizio
Valve
Walton Group
Wistron
Wortmann
Xiaomi
Zelybron
Zoostorm
Zotac
zSpace
Defunct
Acorn Computers - Bought by Morgan Stanley and renamed as Element 14 in 1999.
Advanced Logic Research
Alliant Computer Systems - Ceased operations in 1992.
Altos Computer Systems - Acquired by Acer in 1990.
Amdahl Corporation - A wholly owned subsidiary of Fujitsu since 1997.
American Computer and Peripheral
Amstrad
Apollo Computer - Acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 1989.
Apricot Computers - Ceased operations in 1999.
Ardent Computer - Merged with Stellar Computer to form Stardent in 1989.
AST Computers, LLC - Exited the computer market in 2001.
Atari Corporation
AT&T
Toshiba
Bell & Howell
Blue Chip Electronics
Burroughs - Merged with Sperry to form Unisys in 1986.
Canon Computer Systems
Celerity Computing - Acquired by Floating Point Systems in 1988.
Commodore International - Declared bankruptcy in 1994.
Compaq - Acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 2002. Defunct as a subsidiary as of 2013.
CompuAdd - Filed for bankruptcy in 1993.
Computer Automation
Control Data Corporation (CDC) - Shrank as units were spun off from 1988 to 1992; remainder is now Ceridian.
Convergent Technologies - Acquired by Unisys in 1988.
Convex Computer - Purchased by The Hewlett-Packard Company in 1995.
Corona Data Systems - among the original "IBM PC Compatible" clone makers
Cromemco
Data General - was one of the first minicomputer firms from the late 1960s, purchased by EMC in 1999 for its innovative RAID array storage.
Datapoint
Digital Equipment Corporation - Acquired by Compaq in 1998.
DTK Computer
Durango Systems Corporation - Merged with Molecular Systems in 1982 which went bankrupt in 1984
Eagle Computer - Ceased operations in 1986.
Eckert–Mauchly Computer - Acquired by Remington Rand in 1950.
Egenera
Eldorado Electrodata
Elonex — Sells tablets (as of 2011)
EMCC
Encore Computer - Acquired by Gores Technology Group in 1998 and renamed to Encore Real Time Computing.
English Electric - Merged into International Computers Limited.
eMachines - Discontinued by its current owner Acer in 2012.
Escom - Declared bankruptcy on July 15, 1996.
Everex - US subsidiary closed in 2009.
Evesham - Merged into TIME Computers.
Franklin Computer Corporation - Exited computer hardware business and reorganized into Franklin Electronic Publishers.
Gateway - Acquired by Acer in October 2007.
General Electric - Sold its computer division to Honeywell in 1970.
Gericom - Acquired by Quanmax then merged with S&T.
Gould Electronics - Sold its computer division to Nippon Mining in 1988, who in turn sold it to Encore Computer later that year.
Hewlett-Packard - Spun off into Hewlett Packard Enterprise and renamed as HP Inc. in 2015
Honeywell - Sold its computer division to Groupe Bull in 1991.
International Computers and Tabulators (ICT) - Merged into International Computers Limited.
International Computers Limited (ICL) - Now part of Fujitsu.
Kaypro - Filed for bankruptcy in 1992.
Leading Edge - Mid '80s leader in PC clone for the masses - Manufacturing done first by Mitsubishi then Daewoo.
LEO Computers - Lyons Electronic Office. In 1963 merged with English Electric, then Marconi and eventually merged into International Computers Limited (ICL) in 1968.
Luxor AB - Ended in 1986 after being acquired by Nokia the previous year.
Magnavox - Philips PCs rebadged for the USA and Canada.
Magnuson Computer Systems - Filed for bankruptcy in the early 1980s.
Maxdata (Germany) - Insolvent in 2008; warranty for existing products taken over by then the Swiss Belinea AG (see Belinea), now owned by Bluechip Computer. Warranty for Belinea products purchased before 1 November 2008 is not serviced anymore by Bluechip Computer.
Micron Technology -
Mitsubishi Electronics - Closed computer systems division in 1990; Manufactured systems for Leading Edge and Sperry-Unisys
MPC (formerly MicronPC) - Filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy on November 7, 2008. Efforts at reorganization failed.
Monorail Inc.
Multiflow Computer - Ceased operations in 1990.
NeXT - Acquired by Apple Computer in 1997.
Nixdorf Computer - Acquired by Siemens in 1991, renamed Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme AG.
Northgate Computer Systems - Acquired by Lan Plus in 1997, after filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1994.
Osborne Computer - Ceased operations in 1985; rights to the Osborne brand were sold to Mikrolog.
Olivetti
Packard Bell - Subsidiary of Acer.
Philco-Ford
Philips - Sold their PC division to Digital Equipment Corporation.
Prime Computer - Acquired by Parametric Technology Corporation in 1998.
Processor Technology - Ceased operations in 1979.
Psystar - Under 2009 permanent injunction to stop selling computers with Apple's Mac OS X operating system. Psystar's web site has since disappeared.
Pyramid Technology - Acquired by Siemens in 1995.
Quantex Microsystems - Bankrupt in 2000.
Radio Shack
RCA - Exited the computer business in 1971; Sperry Rand took over RCA's installed base in 1972.
Research Machines - Exited manufacturing in late 2013. Brand continues as a services company.
Remington Rand - Acquired by Sperry to form Sperry Rand in 1955.
Reply Corporation
Sanyo - Bought out by Panasonic.
Scientific Data Systems - Acquired by Xerox in 1969.
Sequent Computer Systems - Acquired by IBM in 1999.
Siemens - Computer division (Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme AG) merged 50/50 with Fujitsu into Fujitsu Siemens Computers in 1999, then Siemens half bought by Fujitsu in 2009.
Silicon Graphics - Acquired by Rackable Systems in 2009, when Rackable then re-branded to SGI, and later acquired by Hewlett Packard Enterprise in November 2016.
Sinclair Research - Acquired by Amstrad in 1986.
Smoke Signal Broadcasting
Solbourne Computer - Acquired by Deloitte Consulting in 2008.
Soyo
Sperry - Merged with Burroughs to form Unisys in 1986.
Sperry Rand - Dropped "Rand" from its name in 1978 and continued as Sperry.
Stardent - Ceased operations in 1992.
Stratus Computer
Sun Microsystems - Acquired by Oracle Corporation in 2010.
Systems Engineering Laboratories - Acquired by Gould Electronics in 1981 and became Gould's computer division.
Systime Computers Ltd – Once Britain's second largest, acquired by Control Data Corporation in 1985, broken up in 1989.
Tadpole Computer - Acquired in 2005 by General Dynamics.
Tandon Corporation
Tandy Corporation - Previous parent company of RadioShack, produced the TRS-80 and Tandy 1000 and 2000 IBM PC compatible computers. Sold their computer division to AST Research in 1993.
Tiny Computers - Merged into TIME Computers.
Texas Instruments
Averatec - Averatec subsidiary goes out of business in 2012.
Tulip Computers - Changed its name to Nedfield NV in 2008, pronounced bankrupt on 3 September 2009.
Vigor Gaming (USA) - Disappeared in March 2010.
VoodooPC
VTech - Ceased PC manufacturing.
Walton
Wang Laboratories - Acquired by Getronics in 1999.
Wipro - Ceased PC manufacturing.
Xerox - Exited the computer business.
Zenith Data Systems - Merged With Packard Bell and NEC in 1996.
Zeos - Merged into MPC Corporation in 1996, which in turn filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2008.
See also
List of computer hardware manufacturers
List of laptop brands and manufacturers
List of touch-solution manufacturers
Market share of personal computer vendors
References
External links
epocalc's List of Computer Manufacturers
Computing by company
Computing-related lists
Lists of manufacturers
Lists of information technology companies | laptop Build Quality | 0.345 | 14,290 |
Eurocom Corporation
Eurocom Corporation is a Canadian computer developer of high performance notebooks and laptops.
History
Eurocom was founded in 1989 as a company designing desktop replacement notebooks. To achieve this they used CPUs intended for desktop computers in their notebooks. In May 2013 Eurocom began to sell laptops through Future Shop's online retail store.
Background
Eurocom structures laptop design and building around units that it claims are "highly configurable and easily upgradable." Another Eurocom philosophy is "creating computers that push technology forward" and the company claims to have a series of industry firsts as a result. Eurocom offers a series of specialized computers such as Trusted Platform Module notebooks, and Mobile Servers.
Eurocom has been awarded the "Intel Form Factor Solution Innovation Award" In addition to other awards from various publications.
References
External links
Official website
Eurocom Europe
Canadian companies established in 1989
Companies based in Ottawa
Computer hardware companies
Electronics companies of Canada
Canadian brands | laptop Build Quality | 0.344 | 14,291 |
List of British computers
Computers designed or built in Britain include:
Acorn Computers
Acorn Eurocard systems
Acorn System 1
Acorn Atom
BBC Micro
Acorn Electron
BBC Master
Acorn Archimedes
RiscPC
Acorn Network Computer
Amstrad
Amstrad CPC
Amstrad PCW
Amstrad NC100
PC1512
PPC 512 and 640
Amstrad PC2286
Amstrad Mega PC
Apricot Computers
Apricot PC
Apricot Portable
Apricot Picobook Pro
Bear Microcomputer Systems
Newbear 77-68
Bywood Electronics
SCRUMPI 2
SCRUMPI 3
Cambridge Computer
Cambridge Z88
CAP computer
Compukit UK101
Dragon 32/64
Enterprise (computer)
Ferranti MRT
Flex machine
GEC
GEC 2050
GEC 4000 series
GEC Series 63
Grundy NewBrain
ICL
ICL 2900 Series
ICL Series 39
Jupiter Ace
Nascom
Nascom 1
Nascom 2
Plessey System 250
Raspberry Pi
Research Machines
Research Machines 380Z
LINK 480Z
RM Nimbus
SAM Coupé
Science of Cambridge
MK14
Sinclair Research
ZX80
ZX81
ZX Spectrum
Sinclair QL
Systime Computers Ltd
Systime 1000, 3000, 5000, 8750, 8780
Systime Series 2, Series 3
Tangerine Computer Systems
Tangerine Microtan 65
Oric-1
Oric Atmos
Tatung Einstein
Transam
Triton
Tuscan
Mechanical computers
Difference engine
Analytical Engine
Bombe
Early British computers
AEI 1010
APEXC
Atlas (computer)
Automatic Computing Engine
Colossus computer
CTL Modular One
Digico Micro 16
EDSAC
EDSAC 2
Elliott Brothers (computer company)
Elliott 152
Elliott 503
Elliott 803
Elliott 4100 Series
EMIDEC 1100
English Electric
English Electric DEUCE
English Electric KDF8
English Electric KDF9
English Electric KDP10
English Electric System 4
Ferranti
Ferranti Argus
Ferranti Mark 1, or Manchester Electronic Computer
Ferranti Mercury
Ferranti Orion
Ferranti Pegasus
Ferranti Perseus
Ferranti Sirius
Nimrod (computer)
Harwell computer
Harwell CADET
Hollerith Electronic Computer
ICS Multum
ICT
ICT 1301
ICT 1900 series
LEO (computer)
Luton Analogue Computing Engine
Manchester computers
Manchester Mark 1
Manchester Baby
Marconi
Marconi Transistorised Automatic Computer (T.A.C.)
Marconi Myriad
Metrovick 950
Pilot ACE
Royal Radar Establishment Automatic Computer
SOLIDAC
ICL mainframe computers
References
Computer
Early British computers
Lists of computer hardware
Computers designed in the United Kingdom | laptop Build Quality | 0.344 | 14,292 |
PowerBook G3
The PowerBook G3 is a series of laptop Macintosh personal computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from 1997 to 2001. It was the first laptop to use the PowerPC G3 (PPC740/750) series of microprocessors, and was marketed as the fastest laptop in the world for its entire production run. The PowerBook G3 was succeeded by the PowerBook G4.
Macintosh PowerBook G3 (Kanga)
The first Macintosh PowerBook G3, code-named "Kanga," was introduced in November 1997. At the time of its introduction, the PowerBook G3 was advertised as the fastest notebook computer available (a title formerly held by its predecessor, the 240 MHz PPC-603ev-based PowerBook 3400c). This model was based on the PowerBook 3400c, and was unofficially known as the PowerBook 3500. It used the same case as the 3400c, and a very similar motherboard. The motherboard was upclocked from 40 MHz to 50 MHz, resulting in some incompatibility with older 3400 RAM modules. Other changes to the motherboard included doubling the on-board RAM from 16 MB to 32 MB, and a faster version of the on-board Chips and Technologies graphics controller. The G3 made the Kanga more than twice as fast as a 3400c, and the improved graphics controller allowed it to refresh the screen 74 percent faster.
This first PowerBook G3 shipped with a 250 MHz G3 processor and a 12.1" TFT SVGA LCD. It is the only G3 system that is not officially compatible with Mac OS X (though various methods not sanctioned by Apple can be used to install OS X). The Kanga was on the market for less than 5 months, and is largely regarded as a stopgap system that allowed Apple to ship G3 PowerBooks sooner, while Apple prepared its more revolutionary PowerBook G3 Series. As a result, the Kanga has the dubious distinction of being Apple's most quickly deprecated PowerBook. Nevertheless, many people chose to purchase a Kanga to continue using their interchangeable expansion bay modules, batteries, and other peripherals from the Powerbook 190, 5300 and 3400 models. The Kanga was also notably smaller in depth and width than the subsequent Wallstreet Powerbooks, and the Kanga remained the smallest-when-open G3 laptop until the debut of the Apple iBook some years later.
PowerBook G3 Series (Wallstreet I)
The second generation of PowerBook G3s, now called the PowerBook G3 Series, was introduced in May 1998. The machine was completely redesigned with a new case that was lighter and more rounded than the previous PowerBook G3; however, it was still an Old World ROM Macintosh. The new PowerBooks, code-named Wallstreet, came in three screen sizes: a 12" passive matrix LCD, a 13.3" TFT LCD, and a 14.1" TFT LCD. The Wallstreet was the first PowerBook to use industry-standard ATA optical drives. This change meant that CD and DVD recorders designed for Wintel machines could more easily be used in this computer, often at a price far less than those manufactured by Apple. It also came in three CPU speeds: 233 MHz, 250 MHz, and 292 MHz. The 233 MHz model was sometimes nicknamed Mainstreet, as it lacked L2 cache, making it far slower than the other two in the lineup. The 250 MHz and 292 MHz models shipped with 1 MB of cache. Because of this large cache, as well as the swifter system bus, the Wallstreets were known to suffer from some heat issues. Many of the problems of the Wallstreet PowerBook G3s were fixed in the next revision, the Wallstreet II.
PowerBook G3 Series (Wallstreet II, PDQ - "Pretty Darn Quick")
The Wallstreet design was updated in August 1998 (Wallstreet-II). It featured a 14.1" display on all models. Processor speeds were bumped on the faster two models, resulting in 233 MHz, 266 MHz, and 300 MHz models. The case contained two docking bays, one on each side. The left-hand bay could accommodate a battery, a 3.5" floppy disk, a third-party Iomega Zip drive, or a third-party add-on hard drive. The right-hand bay was larger and could accommodate any of the above plus a 5-1/4" optical drive (CD-ROM or DVD-ROM). A small internal nickel-cadmium battery allowed swapping of the main batteries while the computer "slept." With a battery in each bay, battery life was doubled. DVDs could be displayed with the use of a hardware decoder built into a CardBus (PCMCIA) card. The PowerBook G3 Series was Apple's first notebook offering that matched the build-to-order customization of the Power Mac G3 desktop line. Discontinued in May 1999, this would be the last Apple computer ever to bear the rainbow-colored Apple logo and the last Mac to support Apple's Superdrive. It was also the last Old World ROM model in the PowerBook series. The PDQ was the last PowerBook assembled by Apple in Cork Ireland.
PowerBook G3 Bronze Keyboard (Lombard)
The third generation of PowerBook G3 (Lombard) was introduced in May 1999. It was much slimmer and lighter than its predecessor and was the first New World ROM PowerBook. It had longer battery life, and as with the Wallstreet II the user could double the duration to 10 hours by substituting a second battery for the optical drive in the expansion bay. The keyboard was also improved and now featured translucent bronze-tinted plastics, which is the origin of the "bronze keyboard" nickname. It was also the first Apple laptop with a backlit Apple logo on the rear of the display.
Internal hard drives for the Pismo, Lombard, and Wallstreet II can be used interchangeably. The expansion bay drives (DVD, CD, floppy, battery) are interchangeable on the Pismo and Lombard, but not on the Wallstreet. A DVD drive was optional on the 333 MHz model and standard on the 400 MHz version. The 400 MHz model included a hardware MPEG-2 decoder for DVD playback, while the 333 MHz model was left without (except for the PC card one used by Wallstreet). Further DVD playback optimizations enabled both models to play back DVDs without use of hardware assistance. This model introduced USB ports to the PowerBook line while retaining SCSI support and eliminating ADB entirely (although the keyboard and touchpad still used an ADB interface internally). Graphics were provided by an ATi Rage LT Pro chipset on the PCI bus, to drive its 14.1-inch LCD at a maximum resolution of 1024×768.
Mac OS 8.6–10.3.9 are supported by Apple, but 10.4 is not, although OS X will not install (except for 10.0) if both RAM slots are not occupied with identical size RAM. The use of XPostFacto 4 allows users to upgrade to Tiger, and it runs quite well for an unsupported machine. More RAM (up to 512 MB), a greater hard drive (up to 128 GB), and CPU upgrades (up to a 433 MHz G4) are available for these PowerBooks.
PowerBook Firewire (Pismo)
The fourth generation of PowerBook G3 (Pismo), was introduced in February 2000. It was code named "Pismo" after the City of Pismo Beach, California. For this generation Apple dropped "G3" from the name.
The original Pismo was rumored to be a latchless design, akin to the iBook, which is similar in specification. Apple settled on fitting the Pismo board into the form factor of the previous Lombard G3 PowerBook, but with many improvements. The Pismo was available at CPU speeds of 400 MHz or 500 MHz, with a front side bus speed of 100 MHz (one-third swifter than the Lombard's front side bus); it also implemented a unified motherboard architecture, and replaced SCSI with the newer FireWire interface (IEEE-1394). The PCI graphics used on the Lombard were updated to an AGP-connected ATi Rage Mobility 128, though the video memory was kept at 8 MB, and could not be upgraded, and the screen's resolution was the same as well. A 6× DVD-ROM drive became standard. It was also the first PowerBook with AirPort networking as an official option (although it could be added to the earlier models via various third-party CardBus cards). The Pismo can be upgraded with additional RAM (officially 512 MB with then-available RAM, but it accepts 1 gigabyte) and a larger hard drive (up to 128 GB). Brighter screens and replacement batteries were also available.
The left expansion bay, like the Lombard, could only take a battery, but the right bay was able to accommodate a tray-loading or slot-loading Combo Drive or SuperDrive, a Zip 100 drive, a Zip 250 drive, an LS-120 SuperDisk drive, a VST floppy disk drive, a second hard drive (with adapter, which was tough to find), or a second battery. Lombard and Pismo accept the same expansion bay devices.
Versions of Mac OS from 9.0.2 through 10.4.11 are officially supported. For some time, G3 (750FX) CPU upgrades at speeds of up to 900 MHz and G4 (7410LE) upgrades up to 550 MHz were available. These upgrades are now out of production and must be purchased secondhand.
The Pismo PowerBook was the last of the G3 line. It was succeeded by the PowerBook G4 Titanium models.
Models
In popular culture
The PowerBook G3 was featured in many facets of popular culture from the late 1990s to mid-2000s, including You've Got Mail, NewsRadio, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me, House on Haunted Hill, Mission: Impossible, Disney's The Kid, Dark Angel, What Women Want, The West Wing, Friends, The Lone Gunmen, The Core, Duplex, Saw, Sex and the City, How I Met Your Mother, Night at the Museum, Charmed, Everybody Loves Raymond, Stargate SG-1, That's So Raven and Angel.
References
External links
Apple Support PowerBook G3
How to Identify Different Models at Apple.com
Portable Mac index at Lowendmac
Pictures of Pismo internals
Powerbook Pismo 500mHz, Powerbook G3 PDQ Forevermac.com
G3
PowerPC Macintosh computers
Computer-related introductions in 1997 | laptop Build Quality | 0.343 | 14,293 |
Australian Apple Review
Australian Apple Review was an Australian computer magazine (ISSN 0816-7184) published by Gareth Powell Pty Ltd and Saturday Magazine Pty Ltd and initially printed by Offset Alpine and then by Ian Liddel Pty Ltd. The first issue was available in newsagents and dealerships in 1984 (36 pages) at the recommended price of $3.00. Its headquarters was in Randwick, New South Wales.
The magazine was published roughly monthly with 10 issues per year. The final issue was Vol 4 No 5 1987. The first editor of the magazine was Graeme Philipson. Later issues were edited by Gene Stephan and Gareth Powell.
The articles in Australian Apple Review catered for beginners to computing, through to highly technical programming techniques, industry updates and resources, with a focus on software, peripherals and computers available from Apple Computer. Articles were written by both full-time magazine staff and freelance contributors, including Paul Zabrs.
References
External links
Complete scanned and OCR'd issues of Australian Apple Review
1984 establishments in Australia
1987 disestablishments in Australia
Computer magazines published in Australia
Monthly magazines published in Australia
Defunct computer magazines
Defunct magazines published in Australia
Home computer magazines
Magazines established in 1984
Magazines disestablished in 1987
Magazines published in Sydney
Macintosh magazines | laptop Build Quality | 0.343 | 14,294 |
HP ZBook
HP ZBook is a brand of mobile workstations made by HP Inc. Introduced in September 2013, it is a successor to HP's previous mobile workstations in the HP EliteBook series. The ZBook mainly competes against PCs such as Dell's Precision and Lenovo's ThinkPad P Series.
Features
The HP ZBook workstations feature Nvidia Quadro and AMD FirePro ISV-certified graphics cards and Thunderbolt connectivity. Display options include a touch-sensitive screen on the ZBook 14 and an HP DreamColor IPS panel on the ZBook 17. Additionally, a 3200×1800 resolution option has been announced for the ZBook 15.
History
2013: September 10: ZBook 14, ZBook 15 and ZBook 17 announced.
2014: September 8: ZBook 15 G2 and ZBook 17 G2 announced.
2015: January 5: ZBook 14 G2 and ZBook 15u G2; November 11: ZBook 15u G3, ZBook Studio G3, ZBook 15 G3 and ZBook 17 G3 announced.
2017: April 21: ZBook 14u G4, ZBook 15u G4, ZBook Studio G4, ZBook 15 G4 and ZBook 17 G4; October 18: ZBook x2 G4 announced.
2018: February 7: ZBook 14u G5 and ZBook 15u G5; April 5: ZBook 15v G5, ZBook Studio G5, ZBook Studio x360 G5, ZBook 15 G5 and ZBook 17 G5 announced.
2019: April 16: ZBook 14u G6 and ZBook 15u G6; May 27: ZBook 15 G6 and ZBook 17 G6 announced.
2020: April 16: ZBook Create and ZBook Studio G7; May 26: ZBook Firefly 14 G7 and ZBook Firefly 15 G7 announced. September 1: ZBook Fury 15 G7, ZBook Fury 17 G7 and ZBook Power G7
2020: December 7: ZBook Firefly 14 and 15 G8 launched
Models
First generation
The ZBook family originally comprised the following models:
ZBook 14: 14.0" workstation Ultrabook
ZBook 15: 15.6" workstation
ZBook 17: 17.3" workstation
All models featured Intel Haswell dual- and quad-core processors, AMD and Nvidia professional graphics and up to 32 GB of RAM, except for the ZBook 14, which was limited to 16 GB of RAM.
The ZBook 15 and ZBook 17 use Intel Socket G3 except for the ZBook 14 which has the processor soldered-on.
Specifications
Second generation
The second generation comprised the following models:
ZBook 14 G2: 14.0" workstation Ultrabook
ZBook 15u G2: 15.6" workstation Ultrabook
ZBook 15 G2: 15.6" workstation
ZBook 17 G2: 17.3" workstation
The ZBook 15 G2 and ZBook 17 G2 models were announced in September 2014 and included new Intel processors, AMD and Nvidia graphics, and Thunderbolt 2 connectivity.
The ZBook 15 G2 and ZBook 17 G2 use Intel Socket G3 except for the ZBook 14 G2 and ZBook 15u G2 which have the processor soldered-on.
Specifications
Third generation
The third generation comprised the following models:
ZBook Studio G3: 15.6" workstation Ultrabook
ZBook 15u G3: 15.6" workstation Ultrabook
ZBook 15 G3: 15.6" workstation
ZBook 17 G3: 17.3" workstation
All models were announced in November 2015. Features include Intel Skylake Core and Xeon family processors, AMD FirePro and Nvidia Quadro graphics, and Thunderbolt 3. ZBook Studio G3 is the world’s first quad core workstation Ultrabook. HP ZBook Dock with Thunderbolt 3 announced with those models can link up to 10 devices at once.
Specifications
Fourth generation
The following fourth-generation models are either discontinued or have been replaced by fifth-generation models:
ZBook x2 G4: 14.0" workstation with detachable keyboard (2-in-1). Has similar performance specification to the 14u.
ZBook 14u G4: 14.0" workstation Ultrabook
ZBook Studio G4: 15.6" workstation Ultrabook
ZBook 15u G4: 15.6" workstation Ultrabook
ZBook 15 G4: 15.6" workstation
ZBook 17 G4: 17.3" workstation
All models featured Intel Kaby Lake dual- and quad-core processors, AMD and Nvidia professional graphics, up to 64 GB of RAM, and Thunderbolt 3. The ZBook 14u and 15u feature a mixture of dual-core Kaby Lake and quad-core Intel eighth-generation Kaby Lake R processors.
Specifications
Fifth generation
The following fifth-generation models are either discontinued or have been replaced by sixth-generation models:
ZBook 14u G5: 14.0" workstation Ultrabook
ZBook 15u G5: 15.6" workstation Ultrabook
ZBook Studio G5: 15.6" workstation targeted at creative industry. Prioritises higher display specifications (colour gamut, resolution etc.).
ZBook Studio x360 G5: 15.6" convertible workstation. Similar to the Studio G5, but with a 360 degree hinge, and the option for a touchscreen.
ZBook 15v G5: 15.6" workstation with a lower price point than the 15, but with similar features and performance to the 15.
ZBook 15 G5: 15.6" workstation
ZBook 17 G5: 17.3" workstation
Specifications
Sixth generation
This generation of ZBook notebooks feature Intel Whiskey Lake quad-core CPU with integrated Intel Gen9 GPU and optional AMD Polaris 23 GPU for lightweight models, and Intel Coffee Lake R quad-core, hexa-core or octa-core CPU with integrated Intel Gen9 GPU and optional Nvidia Turing GPU for performance models. This generation also made Wi-Fi 6 available for ZBook products for the first time. All models continue to use the fifth-generation chassis design.
ZBook 14u G6: 14.0" lightweight workstation
ZBook 15u G6: 15.6" lightweight workstation
ZBook 15 G6: 15.6" performance workstation
ZBook 17 G6: 17.3" performance workstation
Specifications
Seventh generation
This generation of ZBook notebooks feature Intel Comet Lake CPU with integrated Intel Gen9 GPU and optional Nvidia GPU.
ZBook Firefly 14 G7: 14.0" lightweight workstation
ZBook Firefly 15 G7: 15.6" lightweight workstation
ZBook Create G7: 15.6" performance workstation
ZBook Studio G7: 15.6" performance workstation
ZBook Power 15 G7: 15.6" performance workstation
ZBook Fury 15 G7: 15.6" performance workstation
ZBook Fury 17 G7: 17.3" performance workstation
ZBook Power 17 G7: 17.3" performance workstation
Specifications
Eighth generation
This generation of ZBook Firefly notebooks feature Intel Tiger Lake CPU with Gen12 (Xe) Graphics, optional Nvidia T500 GPU and optional Qualcomm Snapdragon X55 5G WWAN.
ZBook Firefly 14 G8: 14.0" lightweight workstation
ZBook Firefly 15 G8: 15.6" lightweight workstation
See also
HP EliteBook
Dell Precision
ThinkPad P series and W series
List of Hewlett-Packard products
References
Further reading
External links
HP Mobile Workstations
Zbook
Consumer electronics brands
Computer-related introductions in 2013 | laptop Build Quality | 0.343 | 14,295 |
MacBook Pro (Intel-based)
The Intel-based MacBook Pros were a line of Macintosh notebook computers introduced in January 2006 by Apple Inc. and discontinued in November 2020. It was the higher-end model of the MacBook family, sitting above the consumer-focused MacBook Air, and was sold with 13-inch to 17-inch screens.
The first-generation MacBook Pro used the design of the PowerBook G4, but replaced the PowerPC G4 chips with Intel Core processors, added a webcam, and introduced the MagSafe power connector. The 15-inch model was introduced in January 2006; the 17-inch model in April. Later revisions added Intel Core 2 Duo processors and LED-backlit displays.
The second-generation model debuted in October 2008 in 13- and 15-inch variants, with a 17-inch variant added in January 2009. Called the "unibody" model because its case was machined from a single piece of aluminum, it had a thinner flush display, a redesigned trackpad whose entire surface consisted of a single clickable button, and a redesigned keyboard. Updates brought Intel Core i5 and i7 processors and introduced Intel's Thunderbolt.
The third-generation MacBook Pro was released in 2012: the 15-inch in June 2012, a 13-inch model in October. It is thinner than its predecessor, made solid-state storage (SSD) standard, added HDMI, and included a high-resolution Retina display. It eliminated Ethernet and FireWire ports and the optical drive.
The fourth-generation MacBook Pro, released in October 2016, adopted USB-C for all data ports and power and included a shallower "butterfly"-mechanism keyboard. On all but the base model, the function keys were replaced with a touchscreen strip called the Touch Bar with a Touch ID sensor integrated into the power button.
A November 2019 revision to the fourth-generation MacBook Pro introduced the Magic Keyboard, which uses a scissor-switch mechanism. The initial 16-inch model with a screen set in narrower bezels was followed by a 13-inch model in May 2020.
First generation (Aluminum), 2006–2008
The original 15-inch MacBook Pro was announced on January 10, 2006, by Steve Jobs at the Macworld Conference & Expo. The 17-inch model was unveiled on April 24, 2006. The first design was largely a carryover from the PowerBook G4, but uses Intel Core CPUs instead of PowerPC G4 chips. The 15-inch MacBook Pro weighs the same as the 15-inch aluminum PowerBook G4, but is deeper, wider, and thinner. Other changes from the PowerBook include a built-in iSight webcam and the inclusion of MagSafe, a magnetic power connector designed to detach easily when yanked. These features were later brought over to the MacBook. The optical drive was shrunk to fit into the slimmer MacBook Pro; it runs slower than the optical drive in the PowerBook G4 and cannot write to dual-layer DVDs.
Both the original 15- and 17-inch model MacBook Pro computers come with ExpressCard/34 slots, which replace the PC Card slots found in the PowerBook G4. Initial first-generation 15-inch models retains the two USB 2.0 ports and a FireWire 400 port but drops the FireWire 800, until it was readded in a later revision, the 17-inch models have an additional USB 2.0 port, as well as the FireWire 800 port missing from the initial 15-inch models. All models now included 802.11a/b/g. Later models include support for the draft 2.0 specification of 802.11n and Bluetooth 2.1.
Updates
Apple refreshed the entire MacBook Pro line on October 24, 2006, to include Intel Core 2 Duo processors. Memory capacity was doubled for each model, up to 2GB for the high-end 15- and 17-inch models. FireWire 800 was added to the 15-inch models and hard drive capacity was also increased. The MacBook Pro line received a second update on June 5, 2007, with new Nvidia Geforce 8600M GT video cards and faster processor options. LED backlighting was added to the 15-inch model's screen, and its weight was reduced from to . Furthermore, the speed of the front-side bus was increased from 667 to 800MHz. On November 1, 2007, Apple added the option of a 2.6GHz Santa Rosa platform Core 2 Duo CPU as well as reconfigured hard drive options.
On February 26, 2008, the MacBook Pro line was updated once more. LED backlighting was added as an option for the 17-inch model. Processors were updated to "Penryn" cores, which are built on the 45nm process (65nm "Merom" cores were previously used), and hard drive and memory capacities were increased. Multi-touch capabilities, first introduced with the MacBook Air earlier that year, were brought over to the trackpad.
The original case design was discontinued on October 14, 2008, for the 15-inch, and January 6, 2009, for the 17-inch.
Reception
Some reviewers applauded the MacBook Pro for its doubling or tripling the speed of the PowerBook G4 in some areas. For example, the 3D rendering program Cinema 4D XL was 3.3 times as fast (2.3 times faster), and its boot-up time was more than twice as quick. The MacBook Pro generally outperformed the PowerBook G4 in performance analyzer utility tests XBench and Cinebench. Reviewers lauded the screen's maximum brightness, 67% brighter than the PowerBook G4; the excellent horizontal viewing angles; the matte options; and the bright, crisp, and true colors. Although the screen offered fewer vertical pixels ( in the MacBook Pro instead of in the PowerBook), one reviewer called the screen "nothing less than stellar". Reviewers praised the new MagSafe power adapter, although one reviewer said it disconnected too easily in some instances. They also praised the backlit keyboard, large trackpad, and virtually silent operation of the machine. The new notebook also offered better wireless performance.
One reviewer criticized the decision to underclock the ATI Mobility Radeon X1600 graphics card by about 30% its original speed. The notebook was also noted for running hot. Users complained that upgrading system memory was harder than in older Apple notebooks. Since the dimensions for the 15-inch MacBook Pro were tweaked slightly from the 15-inch PowerBook G4, older accessories such as notebook sleeves did not work with the new models. Some users noted a slight flickering when the screen was on lower brightness settings. Apple increased the battery capacity by 10Wh, going from 50 in the PowerBook G4 to 60, but the more powerful Core Duo CPU required more power. Battery life therefore remained about the same as in previous models, at three-plus hours.
2007–2008 model GPU problems
Models of the MacBook Pro built from 2007 to early 2008 (15") / late 2008 (17") using the Nvidia 8600M GT chip reportedly exhibited failures in which the GPU die would detach from the chip carrier, or the chip would detach from the logic board. The issue has been mitigated by some users by keeping the notebook cooler by means of less intensive use or alternative fan settings. Apple initially ignored reports, before admitting to the fault and replacing logic boards free of charge for up to 4 years after the purchase date. NVIDIA also confirmed the issue, and previously manufactured replacement GPUs, which some users have replaced themselves.
Technical specifications
Second generation (Unibody), 2008–2012
On October 14, 2008, in a press event at company headquarters, Apple officials announced a new 15-inch MacBook Pro featuring a "precision aluminum unibody enclosure" and tapered sides similar to those of the MacBook Air. Designers shifted the MacBook Pro's ports to the left side of the case, and moved the optical disc drive slot from the front to the right side, similar to the MacBook. The new MacBook Pro computers had two video cards that the user could switch between: the Nvidia GeForce 9600M GT with either 256 or 512MB of dedicated memory and a GeForce 9400M with 256MB of shared system memory. Although the FireWire 400 port was removed, the FireWire 800 port remained. The DVI port was replaced with a Mini DisplayPort receptacle. The original unibody MacBook Pro came with a user-removable battery; Apple claimed five hours of use, with one reviewer reporting results closer to four hours on a continuous video battery stress test. Apple said that the battery would hold 80% of its charge after 300 recharges.
Design
The unibody-construction MacBook Pro largely follows the styling of the original aluminum iMac and the MacBook Air and is slightly thinner than its predecessor, albeit wider and deeper due to the widescreen display. The screen is high-gloss, covered by an edge-to-edge reflective glass finish, while an anti-glare matte option is available in the 15- and 17-inch models in which the glass panel is removed. The entire trackpad is usable and acts as a clickable button. The trackpad is also larger than that of the first generation, giving more room for scrolling and multi-touch gestures. When the line was updated in April 2010, inertial scrolling was added, making the scrolling experience much like that of the iPhone and iPad. The keys, which are still backlit, are now identical to those of Apple's now-standard sunken keyboard with separated black keys. The physical screen release latch from the previous generation is replaced with a magnetic one.
Updates
During the MacWorld Expo keynote on January 6, 2009, Phil Schiller announced a 17-inch MacBook Pro with unibody construction. This version diverged from its 15-inch sibling with an anti-glare "matte" screen option (with the glossy finish standard) and a non user-removable lithium polymer battery. Instead of traditional round cells inside the casing, the lithium-ion polymer batteries are shaped and fitted into each notebook to maximally utilize space. Adaptive charging, which uses a chip to optimize the charge flow to reduce wear and tear, extends the battery's overall life. Battery life for the 17-inch version is quoted at eight hours, with 80 percent of this charge remaining after 1,000 charge-discharge cycles.
At Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 8, 2009, it was announced that the 13-inch unibody MacBook would be upgraded and re-branded as a MacBook Pro, leaving only the white polycarbonate MacBook in the MacBook line. It was also announced that the entire MacBook Pro line would use the non-user-removable battery first introduced in the 17-inch MacBook Pro. The updated MacBook Pro 13- and the 15-inch would each have up to a claimed 7 hours of battery life, while the 17-inch would keep its 8-hour capacity. Some sources even reported up to eight hours of battery life for the 13- and 15-inch MacBook Pro computers during casual use, while others reported around six hours. Like the 17-inch MacBook Pro, Apple claims that they will last around 1,000 charging cycles while still containing 80% of their capacity. Graphics card options stayed the same from the previous release, although the 13-inch and the base model 15-inch, came with only the GeForce 9400M GPU. The screens were also improved, gaining a claimed 60 percent greater color gamut. All of these mid-2009 models also included a FireWire 800 port and all except the 17-inch models would receive an SD card slot. The 17-inch model would retain its ExpressCard/34 slot. For the 13-inch MacBook Pro, the Kensington lock slot was moved to the right side of the chassis. In August 2009, Apple extended the "matte" anti-glare display option to the 15-inch MacBook Pro.
On April 13, 2010, Intel Core i5 and Core i7 CPUs were introduced in the 15- and 17-inch models, while the 13-inch retained the Core 2 Duo with a speed increase. The power brick was redesigned and a high-resolution display (of ) was announced as an option for the 15-inch models. The 13-inch gained an integrated Nvidia GeForce 320M graphics processing unit (GPU) with 256MB of shared memory, while the 15- and 17-inch models were upgraded to the GeForce GT 330M, with either 256 or 512MB of dedicated memory. The 15- and 17-inch models also have an integrated Intel GPU that is built into the Core i5 and i7 processors. The 15-inch model also gained . Save for a third USB 2.0 slot, all the ports on the 17-inch MacBook Pro are the same in type and number as on the 15-inch version. All models come with 4GB of system memory that is upgradeable to 8GB. Battery life was also extended further in this update, to an estimated 10 hours for the 13-inch and 8–9 hours on the 15- and 17-inch MacBook Pro computers. This was achieved through both greater power efficiency and adding more battery capacity. One reviewer reported about 6 hours of battery life through a continuous video battery stress test in the 15-inch and another, who called the battery life "unbeatable", reported nearer to 8 in the 13-inch through their "highly demanding battery drain test".
Thunderbolt technology, Sandy Bridge dual-core Intel Core i5 and i7 (on the 13-inch model) or quad-core i7 (on the 15- and 17-inch models) processors, and a high definition FaceTime camera were added on February 24, 2011. Intel HD Graphics 3000 come integrated with the CPU, while the 15- and 17-inch models also utilize AMD Radeon HD 6490M and Radeon HD 6750M graphics cards. Later editions of these models, following the release of OS X Lion, replaced the Expose (F3) key with a Mission Control key, and the Dashboard (F4) key with a Launchpad key. The chassis bottoms are also engraved differently from the 2010 models. The Thunderbolt serial bus platform can achieve speeds of up to 10Gbit/s, which is up to twice as fast as the USB 3.0 specification, 20 times faster than the USB 2.0 specification, and up to 12 times faster than FireWire 800. Apple says that Thunderbolt can be used to drive displays or to transfer large quantities of data in a short amount of time.
On June 11, 2012, Apple showcased its upgraded Mac notebooks, OS X Mountain Lion, and iOS 6 at the Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) in San Francisco. The new MacBook Pro models were updated with Ivy Bridge processors and USB 3.0 ports, and the default RAM on premium models was increased to 8GB. Following this announcement, the 17-inch model was discontinued. After a media event on October 22, 2013, Apple discontinued all second-generation MacBook Pro computers except for the entry-level 2.5GHz 13-inch model. Apple discontinued the 13-inch second-generation MacBook Pro on October 27, 2016. Prior to its discontinuation it was Apple's only product to still include an optical drive and a FireWire port, and only notebook with a hard disk drive and Ethernet port. It is also the only MacBook Pro to support 9 versions of MacOS X/MacOS, from Mac OS X Lion 10.7 through MacOS Catalina 10.15.
Reception
Some reviewers praised the new notebook's performance and compact size, the quality of the screen, and sturdy unibody build, which allowed easier upgrading of internal components as compared to the original models. Some reviewers also noted that the new MacBook Pro ran more quietly and at cooler temperatures than first-generation machines. Others, however, criticized the amount of heat generated by the new design.
The Reviewers lamented the loss of a matte screen option for the 2008 unibody MacBook Pro, noting the reflectiveness of the screen in sunlight, even when its brightness was turned all the way up. CNET's Dan Ackerman commented of the mid-2009 models: "According to Apple, the new display offers a wider color gamut, and the screen certainly looks bright and colorful, but we wish the same matte-screen option offered on the 17-inch MacBook Pro was available across the line... While the LED screen means a thinner lid and some battery life benefits, the edge-to-edge glass covering the entire display panel grabs stray light rays with ease, making the glossy screen hard to see in some lighting conditions." By 2011, matte screens were offered for both the 15" and 17" models. Furthermore, the addition of Mini DisplayPort instead of the more popular HDMI was criticized. The relatively low number of ports and lower end technical specifications when compared to similarly priced laptops from other brands were also bemoaned.
Laptop Magazines Michael Prospero praised the 2010 15-inch model's display, calling it "bright and crisp". He further commented, "While reflections from the glossy display weren't overwhelming, it's also nice to know there's an antiglare option—though only for the higher resolution display. Still, colors were bright, blacks were deep and dark, and viewing angles were excellent both vertically and horizontally." He also lauded the quality of the iSight webcam, the responsiveness of the trackpad, the microphone and speakers, as well as the performance of the new CPUs for the 15" model and the long battery life. Complaints included the price of the notebook, the low number of USB ports, and the lack of HDMI.
CNET praised the automatic graphics switching features of the 15- and 17-inch 2010 models as well as the graphics cards themselves. Acclaim was also given to the Core i5 and i7 CPUs, the multi-touch trackpad, and the addition of audio capabilities to the Mini DisplayPort video output. They also called for the addition of HDMI and the Blu-ray optical disc format, saying that most other computers in the MacBook Pro's price range possessed these features. CNET also criticized the option of a higher-resolution screen in the 15-inch model, saying that "the higher-resolution screen should be included by default."
Technical specifications
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="9" | Comparison of second-generation MacBook Pro models
|-
! Component
! colspan="3" | Intel Core 2 Duo
! Intel Core 2 Duo, Core i5, Core i7
! colspan="4" | Intel Core i5, Core i7
|-
! style="background:#gray; width:10%"| Model
! style="background:#FF9999; width:10%"| Late 2008
! style="background:#FF9999; width:10%"| Early 2009
! style="background:#FF9999; width:10%"| Mid 2009
! style="background:#FF9999; width:10%"| Mid 2010
! style="background:#FF9999; width:10%" | Early 2011
! style="background:#FF9999; width:10%" | Late 2011
! style="background:#ffDDDD; width:10%" | Mid 2012
! style="background:#FF9999; width:10%" | Mid 2012
|-
| Release date
| October 14, 2008
| January 6, 2009 (17")March 3, 2009 (15")
| June 8, 2009
| April 13, 2010
| February 24, 2011
| October 24, 2011
| colspan="2" | June 11, 2012
|-
| Apple order number(s)
| MB470*/A or MB471*/A
| MB470*/A, MC026*/A, MB604*/A
| MB990*/A, MB991*/A, MC118*/A, MB985*/A, MB986*/A, MC226*/A
| MC374*/A, MC375*/A, MC371*/A, MC372*/A, MC373*/A, MC024*/A
| MC700*/A, MC724*/A, MC721*/A, MC723*/A, MC725*/A
| MD311*/A, MD313*/A, MD314*/A, MD318*/A, MD322*/A, MD385*/A
| MD101*/A, MD102*/A
| MD103*/A, MD104*/A
|-
| Model number(s)
| A1286 (15")
| A1286 (15"), A1297 (17")
| colspan="4" | A1278 (13"), A1286 (15"), A1297 (17")
| A1278 (13")
| A1286 (15")
|-
| Model identifier(s)
| MacBookPro5,1 (15")
| MacBookPro5,1(15")MacBookPro5,2(17")
| MacBookPro5,1(15")MacBookPro5,2(17")MacBookPro5,3(15")MacBookPro5,4(15")MacBookPro5,5(13")
| MacBookPro6,1(17")MacBookPro6,2(15")MacBookPro7,1(13")
| colspan="2" | MacBookPro8,1 (13")MacBookPro8,2 (15")MacBookPro8,3 (17")
| MacBookPro9,2 (13")
| MacBookPro9,1 (15")
|-
| rowspan="3" | LED-backlit widescreen glossy display (16:10)
| colspan="2"
| colspan="5" | 13.3",
|
|-
| colspan="2" | 15.4",
| 15.4", Optional matte screen
| colspan="3" | 15.4", Optional (glossy or matte)
|
| 15.4", Optional (glossy or matte)
|-
|
| colspan="5" | 17", Optional matte screen
| colspan="2"
|-
| Video camera
| colspan="4" | iSight (480p)
| colspan="4" | FaceTime HD (720p)
|-
| rowspan=2| Processor
| colspan=2
| 2.26GHz (P8400) or 2.53GHz (P8700) Intel Core 2 Duo Penryn with 3MB on-chip L2 cache
| 2.4GHz (P8600) or 2.66GHz (P8800) Intel Core 2 Duo Penryn with 3MB on-chip L2 cache
| 2.3GHz (2415M) Intel Core i5 Sandy Bridge with 3MB on-chip L3 cache or 2.7GHz (2620M) Intel Core i7 Sandy Bridge with 4MB on-chip L3 cache
| 2.4GHz (2435M) Intel Core i5 Sandy Bridge with 3MB on-chip L3 cache or 2.8GHz (2640M) Intel Core i7 Sandy Bridge with 4MB on-chip L3 cache
| 2.5GHz (3210M) Intel Core i5 Ivy Bridge with 3MB on-chip L3 cache or 2.9GHz (3520M) Intel Core i7 Ivy Bridge with 4MB on-chip L3 cache
|
|-
| 2.4GHz (P8600) with 3MB on-chip L2 cache or
2.53GHz (T9400) Intel Core 2 Duo Penryn with 6MB on-chip L2 cacheOptional 2.8 GHz (T9600) with 6MB on-chip L2 cache
| 2.4GHz (P8600) with 3MB on-chip L2 cache (15" only) or 2.53GHz (T9400) with 6MB on-chip L2 cache (15" only) or 2.66GHz (T9550) (17" only) Intel Core 2 Duo Penryn with 6MB on-chip L2 cache Optional 2.8 GHz (T9600) with 6MB on-chip L2 cache (15" only) or 2.93GHz (T9800) with 6MB on-chip L2 cache (17" only)'| 2.53GHz (P8700) or 2.66GHz (P8800) (15" only) with 3MB on-chip L2 cache or 2.8GHz (T9600) (15" and 17" only) Intel Core 2 Duo Penryn with 6MB on-chip L2 cacheOptional 3.06 GHz (T9900) with 6MB on-chip L2 cache (15" and 17" only)
| 2.4GHz (520M) (15" only) or 2.53GHz (540M) (15" and 17" only) with 3MB on-chip L3 cache or 2.66GHz (620M) (15" and 17" only) Intel Core i7 Arrandale with 4MB on-chip L3 cacheOptional 2.8 GHz (640M) with 4MB on-chip L3 cache (15" and 17" only)
| 2.0GHz quad-core (2635QM) (15" only) or 2.2GHz quad-core (2720QM) (15" and 17" only) Intel Core i7 Sandy Bridge with 6MB on-chip L3 cacheOptional 2.3 GHz (2820QM) with 8MB on-chip L3 cache (15" and 17" only)
| 2.2GHz quad-core (2675QM) (15" only) or 2.4GHz quad-core (2760QM) (15" and 17" only) Intel Core i7 Sandy Bridge with 6MB on-chip L3 cacheOptional 2.5 GHz (2860QM) with 8MB on-chip L3 cache (15" and 17" only)
|
| 2.3GHz quad-core (3615QM) (15" only) or 2.6GHz quad-core (3720QM) (15" only) Intel Core i7 Ivy Bridge with 6MB on-chip L3 cacheOptional 2.7 GHz (3820QM) with 8MB on-chip L3 cache (15" only)
|-
| rowspan="2" | System bus| colspan="2"
| colspan="2" | 1,066MHz front-side bus (13")
| rowspan="2" colspan="4" | DMI 5 GT/s
|-
| 1,066MHz front-side bus
| colspan="2" | 1,066MHz front-side bus (15" and 17")
| Intel DMI2.5 GT/s (15" and 17")
|-
| rowspan=2| Memory(two slots)| 2GB (two 1GB) or 4GB (two 2GB)Expandable to 4GB by default, expandable to 8GB with the latest EFI update
| 4GB (two 2GB)Expandable to 8GB. 2.66 and 2.93GHz models expandable to 8GB
| 2GB (two 1GB) or 4GB (two 2GB)Expandable to 8GB
| 4GB (two 2GB)Expandable to 8GB16GB on 13" models
| colspan="2" | 4GB (two 2GB)Expandable to 16GB
| colspan="2" | 4GB (two 2GB) or 8GB (two 4GB)Expandable to 16GB
|-
| colspan="4" | 1066MHz PC3-8500 DDR3 SDRAM
| colspan="2" | 1333MHz PC3-10600 1.5V DDR3 SDRAMExpandable to 16GB of 1600MHz PC3-12800 DDR3 SDRAM
| colspan="2" | 1600MHz PC3-12800 1.35 V DDR3 SDRAM
|-
| rowspan="2" | Graphics| colspan="2"
| Nvidia GeForce 9400M with 256MB of DDR3 SDRAM shared with main memory (13" and some 15" models)
| Nvidia GeForce 320M with 256MB of DDR3 SDRAM shared with main memory (13" models only)
| colspan="2" | Intel HD Graphics 3000 with 384MB (512MB with 8GB of RAM installed) DDR3 SDRAM shared with main memory (13" models only)
| Intel HD Graphics 4000 with DDR3 SDRAM shared with main memory
|
|-
| colspan="2" | Nvidia GeForce 9400M with 256MB of DDR3 SDRAM shared with main memory and Nvidia GeForce 9600M GT with 256 or 512MB of GDDR3 SDRAMCan switch between the two (but cannot use both)
| Nvidia GeForce 9400M with 256MB of DDR3 SDRAM shared with main memory and Nvidia GeForce 9600M GT with 256MB or 512MB of GDDR3 SDRAM (some 15" or 17" models)Can switch between the two (but cannot use both)
| Intel HD Graphics with 256MB of DDR3 SDRAM shared with main memory and Nvidia GeForce GT 330M with 256MB or 512MB of GDDR3 SDRAM (15" and 17" models)Automatically switches between graphics hardware when running OS X
| Intel HD Graphics 3000 with 384MB DDR3 SDRAM shared with main memory(15" and 17" models) and AMD Radeon HD 6490M with 256MB GDDR5 memory (15" models) or AMD Radeon HD 6750M with 1GB GDDR5 memory (15" and 17" models)Automatically switches between graphics hardware when running OS X
| Intel HD Graphics 3000 with 384MB DDR3 SDRAM shared with main memory(15" and 17" models) and AMD Radeon HD 6750M with 512MB GDDR5 memory (15" models) or AMD Radeon HD 6770M with 1GB GDDR5 memory (15" and 17" models)Automatically switches between graphics hardware when running OS X
|
| Intel HD Graphics 4000 with DDR3 SDRAM shared with main memory and Nvidia GeForce GT 650M with 512MB GDDR5 memory (base 15" model) or 1GB GDDR5 memoryAutomatically switches between graphics hardware when running OS X
|-
| rowspan="2" | Storage| 250 or 320GB SATA at 5,400RPMOptional 250 or 320GB at 7,200 RPM, 128GB SSD
| 250 or 320GB SATA at 5,400RPMOptional 250 or 320GB at 7,200 RPM, 128 or 256GB SSD
| 160, 250, 320 or 500GB SATA at 5,400RPMOptional 320 or 500GB at 5,400 or 7,200 RPM (15" and 17" only) or 128 or 256GB SSD
| 250, 320, or 500GB SATA at 5,400RPM.Optional 320 or 500GB at 5,400 RPM or 7,200 RPM, or 128, 256, or 512GB SSD.
| 320 (13" only), 500, or 750GB SATA at 5,400RPM.Optional 500 or 750GB at 5,400 RPM or 500GB at 7,200 RPM (15" and 17" only), or 128, 256, or 512GB SSD
| 500 or 750GB SATA at 5,400RPM (13" and base 15" models) or 750GB SATA at 5,400RPM (high-end 15" and 17" models)Optional 750GB at 5,400 or 7,200 RPM (15" and 17" only), or 128, 256, or 512GB SSD
| colspan="2" | 500 or 750GB SATA at 5,400RPM Optional 750GB at 5,400 or 7,200 RPM or 1TB at 5,400 RPM or 128, 256, 512GB SSD
|-
| colspan="4" | SATA 3 Gbit/s
| colspan="4" | SATA 6 Gbit/s
|-
| Optical disc drive| colspan="8" | SuperDrive: 4× DVD±R DL writes, 8× DVD+/−R read/write, 8× DVD+RW writes, 6× DVD-RW writes, 24× CD-R, and 16× CD-RW recording
|-
| rowspan="3" | Connectivity| colspan="4" | Integrated AirPort Extreme (802.11a/b/g/draft-n) (Broadcom BCM4322 chipset, up to 300Mbit/s)
| colspan="4" | Integrated AirPort Extreme (802.11a/b/g/n) (Broadcom BCM4331 chipset, up to 450Mbit/s)
|-
| colspan="6" | Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR
| colspan="2" | Bluetooth 4.0
|-
| colspan="8" | Gigabit Ethernet
|-
| rowspan="4" | Peripheral connections| colspan="2" | ExpressCard/34
| colspan="4" | SDXC card slot (13" and 15") or ExpressCard/34 (17")
| colspan="2" | SDXC card slot
|-
| colspan="6" | USB 2.0 (two ports on 13" and 15", three ports on 17")
| colspan="2" | USB 3.0 (two ports)
|-
| colspan="3" | Mini DisplayPort (without audio support)
| Mini DisplayPort (with audio support)
| colspan="4" | Thunderbolt port
|-
| colspan="8" | Firewire 800
|-
| rowspan="2" | Audio| colspan="8" | Built-in stereo speakers
|-
| colspan="8" | Audio line-in/out
|-
| Minimum operating system| colspan="3" | Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard
| colspan="2" | Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard
| colspan="3" | Mac OS X 10.7 Lion
|-
| Latest release operating system| colspan="3" | OS X 10.11 El Capitan
| colspan="3" | macOS 10.13 High Sierra
| colspan="2" | macOS 10.15 Catalina
|-
| rowspan="3" | Battery (lithium polymer, non-removable except in original 15")
| colspan="2"
| 58 Wh (13")
| colspan="4" | 63.5 Wh (13")
|
|-
| colspan="2" | 50 Wh removable lithium-polymer (15")
| 73 Wh (15")
| colspan="3" | 77.5 Wh (15")
|
| 77.5 Wh (15")
|-
|
| colspan="5" | 95 Wh (17")
| colspan="2"
|-
| rowspan="3" | Weight| colspan="2"
| colspan="5" | (13")
|
|-
| colspan="3" | (15")
| colspan="3" | (15")
|
| (15")
|-
|
| colspan="5" | (17")
| colspan="2"
|-
| rowspan="3" | Dimensions (widthdepththickness)'''
| colspan="2"
| colspan="5" | (13")|
|-
| colspan="6" | (15")|
| (15")|-
|
| colspan="5" | (17")| colspan="2"
|}
Since the RAM and the hard drive on some generations of MacBook Pro are user-serviceable parts, there are aftermarket modifications to enhance the system with up to 16GB of DDR3-1600 RAM (although maximum capacity and frequency depend on the hardware in question), 7200RPM hard drives or third-party SSDs. A third-party caddy was also made, allowing the internal optical drive to be replaced with a second internal SATA 2.5-inch hard drive.
Early and late 2011 model GPU problems
Early and late 2011 models with a GPU; 15" & 17"; reportedly suffer from manufacturing problems leading to overheating, graphical problems, and eventually complete GPU and logic board failure. A similar but nonidentical problem affected iMac GPUs which were later recalled by Apple. The problem was covered by many articles in Mac-focused magazines, starting late 2013 throughout 2014. In August 2014 the law firm Whitfield Bryson & Mason LLP had begun investigating the problem to determine if any legal claim exists. On October 28, 2014, the firm announced that it has filed a class-action lawsuit in a California federal court against Apple. The lawsuit will cover residents residing in both California and Florida who have purchased a 2011 MacBook Pro notebook with an AMD graphics card. The firm is also investigating similar cases across the United States. On February 20, 2015, Apple instituted the This "will repair affected MacBook Pro systems, free of charge". The program covered affected MacBook Pro models until December 31, 2016, or four years from original date of sale.
Third generation (Retina), 2012–2016
On June 11, 2012, at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference in San Francisco, Apple introduced the third generation MacBook Pro, the 15-inch in June 2012, a 13-inch model in October, marketed as the "MacBook Pro with Retina display" to differentiate it from the previous model. The new model includes Intel's third-generation Core i7 processors (Ivy Bridge microarchitecture). It made solid-state storage (SSD) standard, upgraded to USB 3.0, added an additional Thunderbolt port, added HDMI, and included a high-resolution Retina display. The 15-inch model is 25% thinner than its predecessor. The model name is no longer placed at the bottom of the screen bezel; instead, it is found on the underside of the chassis, similar to an iOS device and is the first Macintosh notebook to not have its model name visible during normal use. It eliminated Ethernet, FireWire 800 ports, but Thunderbolt adapters were available for purchase,, Kensington lock slot, the battery indicator button and light on the side of the chassis, and the optical drive, being the first professional notebook since the PowerBook 2400c, but brought a new MagSafe port, dubbed the "MagSafe 2". Apple also claims improved speakers and microphones and a new system for cooling the notebook with improved fans.
The MacBook Pro with Retina display was one of only two Macs that feature a built-in HDMI port (the other being the Mac Mini). Apple introduced a 13-inch version on October 23, 2012, with specifications similar but slightly inferior to the 15-inch version's, such as less powerful processors.
The Retina models also have fewer user-accessible upgrade or replacement options than previous MacBooks. Unlike in previous generations, the memory is soldered onto the logic board and is therefore not upgradable. The solid state drive is not soldered and can be replaced by users, although it has a proprietary connector and form factor. The battery is glued into place; attempts to remove it may destroy the battery and/or trackpad. The entire case uses proprietary pentalobe screws and cannot be disassembled with standard tools. While the battery is glued in, recycling companies have stated that the design is only "mildly inconvenient" and does not hamper the recycling process. In any case, Apple offers a free recycling service via any of their stores and has no problem with separating the materials.
On February 13, 2013, Apple announced updated prices and processors and increased the memory of the high-end 15-inch model to 16GB.
On October 22, 2013, Apple updated the line with Intel's Haswell processors and Iris Graphics, 802.11ac Wi-Fi, Thunderbolt 2, and PCIe-based flash storage. The chassis of the 13-inch version was slightly slimmed to to match the 15-inch model. The lower-end 15-inch model only included integrated graphics while the higher-end model continued to include a discrete Nvidia graphics card in addition to integrated graphics. Support for 4K video output via HDMI was added but limited the maximum number of external displays from three to two. On July 29, 2014, Apple announced new models with updated prices and processors.
On March 9, 2015, the 13-inch model was updated with Intel Broadwell processors, Iris 6100 graphics, faster flash storage (based on PCIe 2.0 × 4 technology), faster RAM (upgraded from 1600MHZ to 1866MHZ), increased battery life (extended to 10 hours), and a Force Touch trackpad. On May 19, 2015, 15-inch model added Force Touch and changed the GPU to AMD Radeon R9 M370X, SSD based on PCIe 3.0 × 4 technology, the battery life was extended to 9 hours, and the rest of the configuration remained unchanged. The higher-end 15-inch model also added support for dual-cable output to displays. The 15-inch models were released with the same Intel Haswell processors and Iris Pro graphics as the 2014 models due to a delay in shipment of newer Broadwell quad-core processors. Apple continued to sell the 2015 15-inch model until July 2018.
Reception
The Retina MacBook Pro received positive reviews of the Retina Display, flash storage and power. It was criticized, however, for its high price and lack of an Ethernet port and optical drive. Roman Loyola of Macworld said that the Retina MacBook Pro was "groundbreaking" and made people "rethink how they use technology". He praised the inclusion of USB 3.0 and the slimmer body. Dan Ackerman of CNET commented "I've previously called the 15-inch MacBook Pro one of the most universally useful all-around laptops you can buy. This new version adds to that with HDMI, faster ports, and more portability. But it also subtracts from that with its exclusion of an optical drive and Ethernet port, plus its very high starting price. The Pro and Retina Pro are clearly two laptops designed for two different users, and with the exception of all-day commuters who need something closer to a MacBook Air or ultrabook, one of the two branches of the MacBook Pro family tree is still probably the most universally useful laptop you can buy."
Joel Santo Domingo of PC Magazine gave the MacBook Pro an "Editor's Choice" rating. He praised its "brilliant Retina display", the thin design, port selection and speedy storage, and highlighted the expandability via Thunderbolt ports which support up to seven devices each. David Pogue of The New York Times praised the 15-inch model's screen, keyboard, sound, start-up time, cosmetics, battery life, storage, and RAM capacity. They criticized the lack of a SuperDrive, pricing, and the MagSafe 2 power connector's lack of backwards compatibility with the older MagSafe design.
The Retina Display on the MacBook Pro have been criticized for "image retention", specifically for displays manufactured by LG. Many users also complained the anti-reflective coating on their screens could wear off easily, which is an issue known as "staingate".
In 2017, one year after the introduction of the fourth generation of the MacBook Pro, the original lead developer of Tumblr Marco Arment wrote an evocative article in which he declared the Retina MacBook Pro the best laptop ever made. The sentiment was shared by many users of various social platforms.
Repairability and environmental concerns
Apple was criticized for gluing the battery into the case, making it harder to be recycled (ease of disassembly is an EPEAT criterion), but some recycling companies have stated that the design is only "mildly inconvenient" and does not hamper the recycling process. Greenpeace spokesman Casey Harrell said Apple "has pitted design against the environment—and chosen design. They're making a big bet that people don't care, but recycling is a big issue." Wired also criticized Apple's recyclability claims in 2012: "[t]he design may well be 'highly recyclable aluminum and glass'—but my friends in the electronics recycling industry tell me they have no way of recycling aluminum that has glass glued to it like Apple did with both this machine and the recent iPad."
Battery problems
In June 2019, Apple announced a worldwide recall for certain 2015 15" MacBook Pro computers after receiving at least 26 reports of batteries becoming hot enough to produce smoke and inflict minor burns or property damage. The problem affected some 432,000 computers, mostly sold between September 2015 and February 2017. The company asked customers to stop using their computers until Apple could replace the batteries.
In September 2019, India's Directorate General of Civil Aviation said MacBook Pro computers could dangerously overheat, leading the national carrier Air India to ban the model on its flights.
Technical specifications
Fourth generation (Touch Bar), 2016–2020
Apple unveiled fourth-generation 13- and 15-inch MacBook Pro models during a press event at their headquarters on October 27, 2016. All models, except for the baseline 13-inch model, featured the Touch Bar, a new multi-touch-enabled OLED strip built into the top of the keyboard in place of the function keys. The Touch Bar is abutted on its right by a sapphire-glass button that doubles as a Touch ID sensor and a power button. The models also introduced a "second-generation" butterfly-mechanism keyboard whose keys have more travel than the first iteration in the Retina MacBook. The 13-inch model has a trackpad that is 46% larger than its predecessor while the 15-inch model has a trackpad twice as large as the previous generation.
All ports have been replaced with either two or four combination Thunderbolt 3 ports that support USB-C 3.1 Gen 2 and dual DisplayPort 1.2 signals, any of which can be used for charging. The MacBook Pro is incompatible with some older Thunderbolt 3-certified peripherals, including Intel's own reference design for Thunderbolt 3 devices. Furthermore, macOS on MacBook Pro blacklists (prevents from working) certain classes of Thunderbolt 3-compatible devices. Support for Thunderbolt 3 external graphics processing units (eGPU) was added in macOS High Sierra 10.13.4. Devices using HDMI, previous-generation Thunderbolt, and USB need an adapter to connect to the MacBook Pro. The models come with a 3.5mm headphone jack; the TOSLINK functionality of older-generation MacBook Pro computers has been removed.
Other updates to the MacBook Pro include dual- and quad-core Intel "Skylake" Core i5 and i7 processors, improved graphics, and displays that offer a 25% wider color gamut, 67% more brightness, and 67% more contrast. All versions can output to a 5K display; the 15-inch models can drive two such displays. The 15-inch models include a discrete Radeon Pro 450, 455 or 460 graphics card in addition to the integrated Intel graphics. The base 13-inch model has function keys instead of the Touch Bar, and just two USB-C ports. The flash storage in the Touch Bar models is soldered to the logic board and is not upgradeable, while in the 13-inch model without Touch Bar, it is removable, but difficult to replace, as it is a proprietary format of SSD storage.
On June 5, 2017, Apple updated the line with Intel Kaby Lake processors and newer graphics cards. A 128GB storage option was added for the base 13-inch model, down from the base 256GB storage. New symbols were introduced to the control and option keys. On July 12, 2018, Apple updated the Touch Bar models with Intel Coffee Lake quad-core processors in 13-inch models and six-core processors in 15-inch models, updated graphics cards, third-generation butterfly keyboards that introduced new symbols for the control and option keys, Bluetooth 5, T2 SoC Chip, True Tone display technology, and larger-capacity batteries. The 15-inch model can also be configured with up to 4TB of storage, 32GB of DDR4 memory and a Core i9 processor. In late November the higher-end 15-inch model could be configured with Radeon Pro Vega graphics. On May 21, 2019, Apple announced updated Touch Bar models with newer processors, with an eight-core Core i9 standard for the higher-end 15-inch model, and an updated keyboard manufactured with "new materials" across the line. On July 9, 2019, Apple updated the 13-inch model with two Thunderbolt ports with newer quad-core eighth-generation processors and Intel Iris Plus graphics, True Tone display technology, and replaced the function keys with the Touch Bar. macOS Catalina added support for Dolby Atmos, Dolby Vision, and HDR10 on 2018 and newer models. macOS Catalina 10.15.2 added support for 6016x3384 output on 15-inch 2018 and newer models to run the Pro Display XDR at full resolution.
The 2019 MacBook Pro was the final model that could run macOS Mojave 10.14, the final MacOS version that can run 32-bit applications such as Microsoft Office for Mac 2011.
Design and usability
The fourth-generation MacBook Pro follows the design of the previous two generations, with an all-metal unibody enclosure and separated black keys. A few of the apparent design changes include a thinner chassis and screen bezel, a larger trackpad, the OLED Touch Bar, and the shallower butterfly-mechanism keyboard with less key separation than the previous models. The speaker grilles have been relocated to the sides of the keyboard on the 13-inch variant. Tear downs show that the speaker grilles on the 13-inch model with Touch Bar are "largely cosmetic", and that sound output mostly comes through the side vents. The fourth generation MacBook Pro comes in two finishes, the traditional silver color and a darker "space gray" color. The MacBook Pro model name returns to the bottom of the screen bezel in Apple's San Francisco font after being absent from the second generation with Retina display. As with the Retina MacBook, the new models replace the backlit white Apple logo on the rear of the screen, a feature dating back to the 1999 PowerBook G3, with a glossy metal version.
MagSafe, a magnetic charging connector, has been replaced with USB-C charging. Unlike MagSafe, which provided an indicator light within the user's field of view to indicate the device's charging status, the USB-C charger has no visual indicator. Instead, the MacBook Pro emits a chime when connected to power. The Macintosh startup chime that has been used since the first Macintosh in 1984 is now disabled by default. The notebook now boots automatically when the lid is opened.
Battery life
The battery life of the new models also got a mixed reception, with outlets reporting inconsistent battery life and inaccurate estimates of time remaining on battery by the operating system. After the latter reports, Apple used a macOS update to hide the display of estimated battery time. Consumer Reports did not initially recommend the 2016 MacBook Pro models, citing inconsistent and unpredictable battery life in its lab testing (which involves the consecutive loading of multiple websites). However, Apple and Consumer Reports found that the results had been affected by a bug caused by disabling caching in Safari's developer tools. Consumer Reports performed the tests again with a patched macOS, and retracted its original assessment.
Repairability
iFixit scored the models 1 out of 10 for repairability, noting that memory, the processor, and flash storage are soldered to the logic board, while the battery is glued to the case. The entire assembly uses proprietary pentalobe screws and cannot be disassembled with standard tools.
Keyboard reliability
A report by AppleInsider has claimed that the updated "Butterfly" keyboard fails twice as often as previous models, often due to particles stuck beneath the keys. Repairs for stuck keys have been estimated to cost more than $700. In May 2018,
two class action lawsuits were filed against Apple regarding the keyboard problem; one alleged a "constant threat of nonresponsive keys and accompanying keyboard failure" and accusing Apple of not alerting consumers to the problem. In June 2018, Apple announced a Service Program to "service eligible MacBook and MacBook Pro keyboards, free of charge". The 2018 models added a membrane underneath keys to prevent malfunction from dust. As of early 2019, there were reports of problems with the same type of keyboards in the 2018 MacBook Air. In May 2019, Apple modified the keyboard for the fourth time and promised that any MacBook keyboard with butterfly switches would be repaired or replaced free of charge for a period of four years after the date of sale.
Thermal throttling PC Magazine said "the Core i9 processor Apple chose to use inside the MacBook Pro (i9-8950K) has a base clock frequency of 2.9GHz, which is capable of bursting up to 4.8GHz when necessary. However, testing carried out by YouTuber Dave Lee showed that the Core i9 couldn't even maintain 2.9GHz, let alone 4.8GHz. And it ended up running at 2.2GHz due to the heat generated inside the chassis forcing it to throttle. Lee found the 2018 i9 MacBook Pro was slower than the 2017 MacBook Pro and stated, "This isn't a problem with Intel's Core i9, it's Apple's thermal solution." When Lee put the i9 MacBook Pro inside a freezer, the render times were over 30% faster.
On July 24, 2018, Apple released a software fix for the new 2018 MacBook Pro computers which addressed the thermal throttling problem. Apple said "there is a missing digital key in the firmware that impacts the thermal management system and could drive clock speeds down under heavy thermal loads on the new MacBook Pro".
Other problems
A "limited number" of 13-inch MacBook Pro units without Touch Bar, manufactured between October 2016 and October 2017, saw the built-in battery swell. Apple created a free replacement program for eligible units.
A "limited number" of 128 and 256GB solid-state drives used in 13-inch MacBook Pro (non-Touch Bar) units can lose data and fail. 13-inch MacBook Pro units with affected drives were sold between June 2017 and June 2018. This resulted in Apple launching a repair program for those affected – the repair involves the update of firmware.
Some users are reporting kernel panics on 2018 models, because of the T2 chip. Apple is already aware of the problem and performing an investigation. There are also user reports about the speaker crackling problems on the 2018 models.
Users have reported malfunctioning display cables, causing uneven lighting at the bottom of the screen and ultimately display failure. Customers of Apple have named this issue "Flexgate". The problem has been tracked to a cable, stressed from opening and closing the notebook. The entire display needs to be replaced in affected units. In May 2019 Apple initiated a program to replace the display on affected 13-inch models made in 2016 for free, and the cable on the 2018 models and onwards was made 2mm longer than on prior models, thus reducing the likelihood of display failure. Apple has been criticized for not extending the replacement program to the 15-inch models which are also affected by this issue.
Reception
The fourth-generation MacBook Pro received mixed reviews. The display, build quality, and audio quality were praised but many complained about the butterfly keyboard; the little-used Touch Bar; and the absence of USB-A ports, HDMI port, and SD card slot.Ars Technica noted that the second-generation keyboard with firm keys was a "drastic departure" from previous Retina MacBook keyboards. It further noted that resting palms may brush the trackpad occasionally, causing inadvertent cursor jumps onscreen as the notebook interprets this as input, without one's hands or wrists actually resting on it. Bandwidth increased; the flash storage was about 40 percent faster. Engadget praised the thinner, lighter design; improved display and audio; and increased speed of the graphics and flash storage, but criticized the lack of ports and the price. Wired praised the display, calling it "the best laptop display I've ever seen", as well as praising the Touch Bar, though it criticized the need of adapters for many common connectors. Likewise, The Verge concluded that "using [the new MacBook] is alienating to anyone living in the present. I agree with Apple's vision of the future. I'm just not buying it today."
Engadget voiced their concerns that "by doing things like removing full-sized USB ports, the memory card reader and even the Function row, Apple seems to have forgotten how many of us actually work". Heavy keyboard users criticized the Touch Bar, noting that command-line tools like Vim rely on keyboard usage, and the Touch Bar does not provide the tactile feedback necessary for "blind" usage of Function keys. Miriam Nielsen from The Verge said: "When I tried to intentionally use the Touch Bar, I felt like a kid learning how to type again. I had to keep looking down at the bar instead of looking at the images I was actually trying to edit." She also said that after learning the Touch Bar one cannot work as efficiently on any other computer. Developers have their share of headaches because they cannot rely on the Touch Bar being present on every machine that runs their software. Even if Apple makes the Touch Bar an integral part of macOS, it will take "many years" for it to become ubiquitous, in the meantime, anything in the Bar needs to be available through another part of the interface.
Also criticized were non-compatibility between Thunderbolt 2 and 3 devices. Some found unpleasant the fan whine on the 15" model, where the two integrated fans run all the time by default, thanks to the coprocessor powering the Touch Bar and higher TDP of the stronger CPU models.
In 2016 and 2017, the Touch Bar caused concern among American state bars that the predictive text could be used to cheat on bar exams. The responses varied state by state: New York State Bar Association banned the use of the MacBook Pro on bar exams; while North Carolina Bar Association allowed students to take the state bar exam with the computer once a proctor verified that the predictive text feature had been disabled.
Technical specifications
Magic Keyboard revision
Apple unveiled the fifth revision of the fourth generation MacBook Pro in 2020, the 16-inch MacBook Pro on November 13, 2019, replacing the 15-inch model. Similar in size to the 15-inch model, it has a larger 16-inch 3072x1920 Retina display set in a narrower bezel, the largest MacBook screen since the 17-inch unibody MacBook Pro that was discontinued in 2012. It has a physical Escape key, a Touch Bar, and a now-separate sapphire-glass-covered Touch ID sensor at the right end of the Touch Bar that doubles as a power button. It uses a scissor mechanism keyboard almost identical to Apple's wireless Magic Keyboard, providing more travel than the previous revision's "Butterfly" keyboard.
Like its predecessor, the 16-inch MacBook Pro has four combined Thunderbolt 3 ports that support USB-C 3.1 Gen 2 and dual DisplayPort 1.4 signals, providing 6016×3384 output to run the Pro Display XDR at full resolution. Any port can be used for charging, it includes a 96W USB-C power adapter. At launch only the included adapter and the Pro Display XDR provide full host power. Peripherals that delivered 87W for the 15-inch model, such as LG Ultrafine displays, are recommended to be used with a separate power supply. It also has a 3.5mm headphone jack.
It uses the same Coffee Lake CPUs as the 2019 15-inch model. Purchasers can choose between AMD Radeon Pro 5300M or 5500M GPUs with up to 8GB of GDDR6 memory (or from June 2020 onwards, a 5600M GPU with 8GB of HBM2 memory), up to 64GB of 2667MHz DDR4 memory, and up to 8 TB of SSD storage. It includes better speakers, a better three-microphone array, and a 100 Wh battery, the largest that can be easily carried onto a commercial airliner under U.S. Transportation Security Administration rules.
On May 4, 2020, Apple announced an updated 13-inch model with the Magic Keyboard. The four Thunderbolt port version comes with Ice Lake processors, updated graphics, up to 32GB of memory and 4TB of storage, and supports 6K output to run the Pro Display XDR. The two Thunderbolt port version has the same Coffee Lake processors, graphics, and maximum storage and memory as the 2019 two Thunderbolt port models. The 2020 13-inch models also gain 0.02 inches (0.6mm) in thickness over the 2019 models.
Reception
Reception to the 16-inch MacBook Pro was generally positive. LaptopMag called the keyboard "much-improved". The Verge praised the new keyboard, microphones, and speakers, but criticized the lack of peripherals such as an SD card slot. 9to5Mac criticized the use of a 720p webcam and older 802.11ac Wi-Fi standard, noting that Apple's iPhone 11 family included a 4K front-facing camera and faster Wi-Fi 6. MacWorld'' also noted the lack of Face ID. Another review noted that the 2020 two Thunderbolt port 13-inch model is unable to run Apple's Pro Display XDR at full resolution, while the lower-priced 2020 MacBook Air can.
There are numerous reports of cracked screens caused by closing the unit with a third-party physical webcam cover due to reduced clearance compared to previous models.
Technical specifications
Software and operating systems
The macOS operating system has been pre-installed on all MacBook Pro computers since release, starting with version 10.4.4 (Tiger). Along with OS X, iLife has also shipped with all systems, beginning with iLife '06.
The Intel-based MacBook Pro comes with the successor to BIOS, Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) 1.1. EFI handles booting differently from BIOS-based computers, but provides backwards compatibility, allowing dual- and triple-boot configurations. In addition to OS X, the Microsoft Windows operating system is installable on Intel x86-based Apple computers. Officially, this is limited to 32-bit versions of Windows XP, Vista, and 7, and 64-bit versions of Windows Vista, 7, 8, 8.1, and 10 with the necessary hardware drivers included with the Boot Camp software. Other x86 operating systems such as Linux are also unofficially supported. This is made possible by the presence of the Intel architecture as provided by the CPU and the BIOS emulation Apple has provided on top of EFI.
macOS Big Sur, the seventeenth major release of macOS, will work with Wi-Fi and graphics acceleration on unsupported MacBook Pro computers with a compatible patch utility.
See also
Comparison of Macintosh models
MacBook (12-inch)
MacBook Air
Notes
References
External links
– official site
Computer-related introductions in 2006
MacBook
X86 Macintosh computers | laptop Build Quality | 0.343 | 14,296 |
Compaq Concerto
The Compaq Concerto was a detachable laptop computer made by Compaq, introduced in 1993. Concerto was the first tablet computer manufactured by Compaq on a large scale, and can be considered a very early form of a 2-in-1 PC.
Specifications
There were three Concerto models, varying in hard disk capacity, and processor speed. All had 4 MB of RAM soldered to the motherboard, which was expandable to 20 MB using proprietary memory modules.
There were two processor options: Intel 486SL @ 25 MHz or 33 MHz. The 25-MHz model was available with either a 120-MB or 240-MB IDE hard disk drive, and the 33-MHz model had a 240-MB IDE hard disk drive. Both models had a built in 3.5" 1.44-MB floppy disk drive.
All models shipped with MS-DOS 6.2, with Compaq's unique set of DOS extensions for power management, configuration and model specific help. Windows for PEN Computing Version 1, which was Windows 3.1 with necessary add-ons for pen operation — including handwriting recognition - was also pre-installed. The Concerto was made with some help from Wacom and their associates
Modem: Internal modem was available as add-on
PCMCIA: two Type II PCMCIA slots, could also be used as a single Type III PCMCIA slot
Docking Station: a Concerto specific docking station was available
The Concerto was not a very successful laptop, but it did have some special features: a detachable keyboard, and a pen & touch screen (the touch screen only worked with the special pen). It could be considered to be ahead of its time.
Its screen had Wacom functionality as mentioned above
The pen had a button which could produce a double-click or right-click. (Touching the screen gave a single-click.)
The position of the pen could be detected, and the correctly placed pointer could be displayed, even when the pen was up to 1 cm away from the screen. This could e.g. trigger tooltip text display in newer operating systems.
The Concerto was a unique design, in as much as it was "upside-down" - the main body including the motherboard, hard disk drive, floppy disk drive, and expansion slots were behind the screen. The detachable keyboard was used as the lid but could be completely removed, at which point the Concerto became what is known as a slate PC. The pen was connected to the Concerto through an RF link, and there was a compartment in the Concerto for the pen.
References
Concerto
Convertible laptops
Computer-related introductions in 1992 | laptop Build Quality | 0.342 | 14,297 |
Lian Li
Lian Li Industrial Co., Ltd. () is a Taiwanese computer case and accessories manufacturer.
The company is one of the largest manufacturers of aluminium computer cases in Taiwan and is also a major world competitor in the premium aftermarket computer case industry.
Products
Their cases are constructed with either brushed or anodised aluminium and are lightweight and offered in silver, black, grey, golden, red, blue, and green shades. In addition to their various cases, they produce aluminum desks, power supplies and accessories such as window kits, CPU coolers, fans, removable hard drive bays, bezel covers, and memory card readers. The company also provides OEM and ODM services.
History
Lian Li Industrial Co., Ltd was founded in 1983, and is based in Keelung, Taiwan.
Location
It has its headquarters in the Liudu Industrial Park (T: 六堵工業區, S: 六堵工业区, P: Liùdǔ Gōngyèqū) in Keelung.
Subsidiary brand
In 2009 Lian Li launched LanCool as a subsidiary to produce cases without their signature aluminium in an effort to bring costs down. These cases feature a tool-less architecture aimed at gamers and PC enthusiasts. With LanCool producing the non-aluminium midtower cases, Lian Li is well known as a high-end aluminium chassis manufacturer. In August 2018, after years without new product releases, Lian Li revived the LanCool branding and presented the LanCool One chassis featuring tempered glass panels and RGB lighting.
See also
List of companies of Taiwan
Antec
Cooler Master
NZXT
Razer
SilverStone Technology
Thermaltake
Zalman
Case modding
References
External links
Lian Li Industrial Co, Ltd. Official Homepage /
1983 establishments in Taiwan
Companies established in 1983
Computer enclosure companies
Computer power supply unit manufacturers
Companies based in Keelung
Electronics companies of Taiwan
Taiwanese brands | laptop Build Quality | 0.341 | 14,298 |
PowerBook
The PowerBook (known as Macintosh PowerBook before 1997) is a family of Macintosh laptop computers designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from 1991 to 2006. During its lifetime, the PowerBook went through several major revisions and redesigns, often being the first to incorporate features that would later become standard in competing laptops. The PowerBook line was targeted at the professional market, and received numerous awards, especially in the second half of its life, such as the 2001 Industrial Design Excellence Awards "Gold" status, and Engadget's 2005 "Laptop of the Year". In 1999, the line was supplemented by the home and education-focused iBook family.
The PowerBook was replaced by the MacBook Pro in 2006 as part of the Mac transition to Intel processors.
680x0-based models
PowerBook 100 series
In October 1991, Apple released the first three PowerBooks: the low-end PowerBook 100, the more powerful PowerBook 140, and the high end PowerBook 170, the only one with an active matrix display. These machines caused a stir in the industry with their compact dark grey cases, built-in trackball, and the innovative positioning of the keyboard that left room for palmrests on either side of the pointing device. Portable PC computers at the time were still oriented toward DOS, and tended to have the keyboard forward towards the user, with empty space behind it that was often used for function key reference cards. In the early days of Microsoft Windows, many notebooks came with a clip on trackball that fit on the edge of the keyboard molding. As usage of DOS gave way to the graphical user interface, the PowerBook's arrangement became the standard layout all future notebook computers would follow.
The PowerBook 140 and 170 were the original PowerBook designs, while the PowerBook 100 was the result of Apple having sent the schematics of the Mac Portable to Sony, who miniaturized the components. Hence the PowerBook 100's design does not match those of the rest of the series, as it was actually designed after the 140 and 170 and further benefited from improvements learned during their development. The PowerBook 100, however, did not sell well until Apple dropped the price substantially.
The 100 series PowerBooks were intended to tie into the rest of the Apple desktop products utilizing the corporate Snow White design language incorporated into all product designs since 1986. Unlike the Macintosh Portable, however, which was essentially a battery-powered desktop in weight and size, the light colors and decorative recessed lines did not seem appropriate for the scaled-down designs. In addition to adopting the darker grey colour scheme that coordinated with the official corporate look, they also adopted a raised series of ridges mimicking the indented lines on the desktops. The innovative look not only unified their entire product line, but set Apple apart in the marketplace. These early series would be the last to utilize the aging Snow White look, with the 190 adopting a new look along with the introduction of the 500 series.
The first series of PowerBooks were hugely successful, capturing 40% of all laptop sales. Despite this, the original team left to work at Compaq, setting back updated versions for some time. When attempting to increase processing power, Apple was hampered by the overheating problems of the 68040; this resulted in the 100-series PowerBook being stuck with the aging 68030, which could not compete with newer-generation Intel 80486-based PC laptops introduced in 1994. For several years, new PowerBook and PowerBook Duo computers were introduced that featured incremental improvements, including color screens, but by mid-decade, most other companies had copied the majority of the PowerBook's features. Apple was unable to ship a 68040-equipped PowerBook until the PowerBook 500 series in 1994.
The original PowerBook 100, 140, and 170 were replaced by the 145 (updated to the 145B in 1993), 160, and 180 in 1992. The 160 and 180 having video output allowing them to drive an external monitor. In addition, the PowerBook 180 had a superb-for-the-time active-matrix grayscale display, making it popular with the Mac press. In 1993, the PowerBook 165c was the first PowerBook with a color screen, later followed by the 180c. In 1994, the last true member of the 100-series form factor introduced was the PowerBook 150, targeted at value-minded consumers and students. The PowerBook 190, released in 1995, bears no resemblance to the rest of the PowerBook 100 series, and is in fact simply a Motorola 68LC040-based version of the PowerBook 5300 (and the last Macintosh model to utilize a Motorola 68k-family processor). Like the 190, however, the 150 also used the 5300 IDE-based logic-board architecture. From the 100's 68000 processor, to the 190's 68LC040 processor, the 100 series PowerBooks span the entire Apple 68K line, with the 190 even upgradable to a PowerPC processor.
PowerBook Duo
In 1992 Apple released a hybrid portable/desktop computer, the PowerBook Duo, continuing to streamline the subnotebook features introduced with the PowerBook 100. The Duos were a series of very thin and lightweight laptops with a minimum of features, which could be inserted into a docking station to provide the system with extra video memory, storage space, connectors, and could be connected to a monitor.
PowerBook 500 series
1994 saw the introduction of the Motorola 68LC040-based PowerBook 500 series, code-named Blackbird. These models of PowerBooks were much sleeker and faster than the 100 series, which they replaced as the mid and high-end models. The 500 series featured DSTN (520) or active-matrix LCD displays (540 and 550), stereo speakers, and was the first computer to use a trackpad (although a similar technology had been included on the pioneering Gavilan SC 11 years earlier); it was also the first portable computer to offer built-in Ethernet networking. The PowerBook 500 series was the mainstay of the product line until the PowerBook 5300. The 500 series was the first PowerBook to feature PCMCIA slots, although this was an optional feature that required the user to sacrifice one of the two available battery slots to house the PCMCIA expansion cage.
The PowerBook 500 series was released as Apple was already moving its desktop machines to the PowerPC processor range, and a future upgrade was promised from the start. This came in 1995, as an Apple Motherboard containing a 100 MHz 603e processor and 8 MB of RAM (which snapped into a slot containing the previous 25 or 33 MHz 68040 processor and the 4 MB of RAM on the previous daughterboard). At the same time Newer Technology offered an Apple-authorized 117 MHz Motherboard, which was more popular than the Apple product, and optionally came without any RAM. The company later offered 167 MHz and 183 MHz upgrades containing more memory and onboard cache memory to improve performance. Nonetheless, the internal architecture of the 500 series meant that the speed increase provided by the 100 and 117 MHz upgrades was, for most users, relatively small.
The 500 series was completely discontinued upon the introduction of its replacement the PPC-based PowerBook 5300, with the PowerBook 190 replacing the 500 as the only 68LC040 PowerBook Apple offered.
PowerPC-based models
The PowerBook 5300, while highly anticipated as one of the first PowerPC-based PowerBooks (along with the PowerBook Duo 2300c, both released on the same day), had numerous problems. In its 5300ce incarnation with a TFT of 800x600 pixels, Apple offered a 117 MHz PPC, 32 MB of on-board RAM, and a hot-swappable drive bay. With all of these features, though, the 5300ce was quite ahead of other laptop models at the time. Multiple problems with reliability, stability and safety (by some, the model was referred as the "HindenBook" because the lithium ion batteries used actually burst into flame in Apple tests, necessitating a recall and downgrade to nickel metal hydride batteries) were present in the early 5300s. After Apple offered an Extended Repair Program, the series turned into a remarkably attractive machine, but never lost its bad reputation. The bad publicity of 5300 series added to the woes of "beleaguered Apple" during the mid-1990s.
Apple recovered from the 5300 debacle in 1996 and 1997 by introducing three new PowerBooks: the PowerBook 1400, intended to replace the 5300 as a general-purpose PowerBook; the PowerBook 2400, intended as a slim, sleek sub-notebook to replace the PowerBook Duo; and the luxury model PowerBook 3400. The PowerBook 1400 and 3400 were the first PowerBooks ever to include an internal CD drive. Late in 1997, the PowerBook 3400 was adapted into the first PowerBook G3, codenamed the Kanga. This series was the last PowerBook model to employ a "real" keyboard with 1 cm high keys; all later models have flat keys.
PowerBook G3
The first PowerBook G3 Series (completely redesigned from the Kanga) was released in 1998, although it was still an Old World ROM Mac.
These new PowerBooks took design cues from the 500 series PowerBook, sporting dramatic curves and a jet-black plastic case. They were so fashionable that various G3 models became the personal computer of Carrie Bradshaw in the long-running Sex and the City television show. Debuting at roughly the same time as the G3 iMac, the "WallStreet/Mainstreet" series composed of models with varying features, such as different processing speeds (from 233 to 300 MHz) and the choice of 12-, 13-, or 14-inch screens. They all included dual drive bays capable of accommodating floppy drives, CD-ROM/DVD-ROM drives, hard drives, or even extra batteries. A second PowerBook G3 Series code-named "PDQ" was introduced later in 1998, with minor changes in configuration options, notably the inclusion of L2 cache in even the lowest-priced 233 MHz model, which helped overall performance.
Apple introduced two later G3 PowerBook models, similar in appearance (curved, black plastic case with black rubberized sections) but thinner, lighter and with revised internal systems. The "Lombard" appeared in 1999, (AKA: Bronze Keyboard) a thinner, lighter, and faster (333 or 400 MHz) PowerBook with a longer battery life and had both USB and SCSI built in and was a New World ROM Mac, and then the "Pismo" in 2000, which replaced the single SCSI port with two FireWire ports, updated the PowerBook line to AGP graphics, a 100 MHz bus speed, and DVD-ROM optical drives standard, in addition to dropping the "G3" from the PowerBook name. The Pismo revision also brought AirPort wireless networking capability (802.11b), which had debuted in Apple's iBook in July 1999. CPU upgrade cards are available for both Lombard and Pismo models.
PowerBook G4
Interim CEO Steve Jobs turned his eye to the redesign of the PowerBook series in 2000. The result, introduced in January 2001, was a completely re-designed New World PowerBook with a titanium skin and a 15.2-inch wide-aspect screen suitable for watching widescreen movies. Built with the PowerPC G4 processor, it was billed as "the first supercomputer you can actually take with you on an airplane." It was lighter than most PC based laptops, and due to the low power consumption of the PowerPC it outlasted them by hours.
The TiBooks, as they were nicknamed, became a fashion item. They were especially popular in the entertainment business, where they adorned many desks in Hollywood motion pictures. Because of their large screens and high performance, Titanium Powerbooks were the first laptops to be widely deployed as desktop replacement computers.
The industrial design of the notebooks quickly became a standard that others in the industry would follow, creating a new wave of wide-screened notebook computers.
The Titanium PowerBooks were released in configurations of 400 MHz, 500 MHz, 550 MHz, 667 MHz, 800 MHz, 867 MHz, and 1 GHz. They are the last PowerBooks able to boot Mac OS 9.
In 2003, Apple launched both the largest-screen laptop in the world and Apple's smallest full-featured notebook computer. Both machines were made of anodized aluminum (coining the new nickname AlBook), featured DVD-burning capabilities, AirPort Extreme networking, Bluetooth, and 12.1-inch or 17-inch LCD displays. The 17-inch model included a fiber optic-illuminated keyboard, which eventually became standard on all 15-inch and 17-inch PowerBooks. Two ambient light sensors, located under each speaker grille, adjusted the brightness of the backlit keyboard and the display according to the light level.
The 12-inch PowerBook's screen did not use the same panel as that used on the 12-inch iBook, while the 17-inch PowerBook used the same screen as that used on the 17-inch flat-panel iMac, but with a thinner backlight.
Later in 2003, the 15-inch PowerBooks were redesigned and featured the same aluminum body style as their smaller and larger siblings, and with the same feature set as the 17-inch model (including the backlit keyboard). This basic design would carry through the transition to the Intel-based MacBook Pro, lasting until late 2008.
In April 2004, the aluminum PowerBooks were upgraded. The SuperDrive was upgraded to 4× burning speed for DVDs, the fastest processor available was upgraded to 1.5 GHz, and the graphics cards were replaced with newer models, offering up to 128 MB of video memory. A third built-in speaker was added to the 12-inch model for improved midrange sound. In addition, AirPort Extreme cards became standard for all PowerBooks instead of being offered as an add-on option.
In January 2005, the specifications of the aluminum PowerBooks were revised once more to accompany a price decrease. Processor speeds were increased to a maximum of 1.67 GHz on the higher specification 15-inch and all 17-inch versions, while the lower specification 15-inch model and the 12-inch unit saw an increase in speed to 1.5 GHz. Optical audio output was added to the 17-inch version. Memory and hard drive defaults were increased to 512 MB and 5400 rpm, respectively, with a new storage maximum of 100 GB on the 17-inch model. Each model also received an enhanced trackpad with scrolling capabilities, a revised Bluetooth module supporting BT 2.0+EDR, and a new feature that parks the drive heads when sudden motion is detected by an internal sensor. Support for the 30-inch Apple Cinema display was also introduced in the new 17-inch model and was optional in the 15-inch model via a build-to-order upgrade to the computer's video hardware. The SuperDrive now included DVD+R capability.
In October 2005, the two higher-end PowerBooks were upgraded once again, with higher-resolution displays (1440 × 960 pixels on the 15-inch model, and 1680 × 1050 pixels on the 17-inch model) and faster 533 MHz DDR2 (PC2-4200) memory. The SuperDrive became standard equipment and included support for dual-layer DVDs on the 15- and 17-inch models. The 17-inch model was updated with a 120 GB standard hard drive, as well as a 7200 rpm, 100 GB build-to-order option. These drives were also options on the 15-inch PowerBook. The 12-inch model with SuperDrive remained unchanged in this respect, although each new PowerBook boasted a longer battery life.
Battery recall
On May 20, 2005, Apple and the Consumer Product Safety Commission announced the recall of some Apple PowerBook G4 batteries. The joint Apple/CPSC press release stated that an internal short could cause the battery cells to overheat, posing a fire hazard. Approximately 128,000 defective units were sold.
Though the problems first appeared to be solved, they continued for many users. In early August 2006, Engadget reported that a PowerBook had "violently exploded" because of faulty battery. On August 24, 2006, Apple and the CPSC announced an additional recall of more batteries for the same PowerBook models.
About 1.1 million battery packs in the United States were recalled; an additional 700,000 were sold outside the U.S.
These batteries were manufactured by Sony; Dell, Toshiba, Lenovo, HP, Fujitsu and Acer laptops were also affected by the defective batteries.
Discontinuation
At the 2006 Macworld Conference & Expo, the MacBook Pro was introduced. The new notebooks, however, only came in 15.4-inch models and the 12-inch and 17-inch PowerBooks remained available for sale at Apple stores and retailers, as well as the 15-inch model, which was sold until supplies ran out. On April 24, 2006 the 17-inch PowerBook G4 was replaced by a 17-inch MacBook Pro variant. The 12-inch PowerBook G4 remained available until May 16, 2006, when the MacBook was introduced as a replacement for the iBook. Because of its availability in highly powerful configurations, it was also considered a replacement for the 12-inch PowerBook, ending the nearly 15-year production of PowerBook-branded computers.
Traditionally, the portable line trailed the desktops in the utilization of the latest processors, with the notable exception of the PowerBook G3, which was released simultaneously with the desktop Power Macintosh G3. PowerBooks would continue to trail behind the desktop Macs, however, never even adopting the G5 processor. This was due primarily to the extreme heat caused by most of the full-sized processors available and unacceptable power consumption. With the introduction of the Intel-based Macs, once again, the MacBook Pro joined the iMac in sharing the new technology simultaneously.
See also
IBM RS/6000 laptops and IBM ThinkPad 800 series — another based on a PowerPC CPUs laptops.
iBook
MacBook
References
External links
Apple's PowerBook specifications - Specifications for G3 and later PowerBooks.
Apple-History
the greatest powerbook collection
Apple press release announcing January 2005 PowerBook revisions
PowerPC Macintosh computers
Computer-related introductions in 1991
Discontinued Apple Inc. products | laptop Build Quality | 0.341 | 14,299 |
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