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"content": "A 1-year-old girl presented with breathlessness and failure to gain weight since birth. Breathlessness was relieved by upright position. The child was born by normal vaginal delivery at home. The milestones were delayed. On examination, the child was pale and afebrile with breathlessness and irritability. The pulse rate was 100 per minute and respiratory rate was 50 to 70 per minute. On systemic examination, there was decreased air entry and presence of crepitations on the left side of thorax. Chest X-ray was consistent with pulmonary hypertension and showed left-sided diaphragmatic hernia for which she underwent surgery.\nIntraoperatively, there was a large diaphragmatic rent with migration of more than 50% of small intestine, spleen and a part of large intestine into the left thoracic cavity. There was also evidence of malrotation of gut with colon on the left side and small intestine on the right side. The left lung was hypoplastic. A separate lobe of lung with no bronchial communication was seen in left hemithorax which was attached to diaphragm [] and was supplied by descending thoracic aorta. The sequestered lobe was resected and was sent for histopathological examination. The contents of the diaphragmatic hernial sac were reduced and the diaphragmatic rent was repaired.\nUnfortunately, condition of the patient deteriorated and she died 2 hours after the surgery due to terminal cardiorespiratory failure due to pulmonary hypopla",
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"content": " sia with pulmonary hypertension.\nWe received an ovoid mass of lung tissue measuring 6 × 3.5 × 1.6 cm for histopathological examination []. It was completely covered by pleura and showed a vascular pedicle without bronchus []. Pleural surface showed congestion. Cut surface showed few tiny cysts.\nHistopathological examination revealed lung tissue with dilated bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli []. Some of the bronchioles were tortuous with undulating cuboidal to columnar epithelium [] and abnormal cartilage plates []. Some areas were characteristic of type II congenital pulmonary airway malformation [] and showed presence <|endoftext|>",
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"content": "The patient is a 51-year-old female who has been followed in neurologic consultation by the author (RJS) since 1987 for her chronic regional pain syndrome. She first presented with a brachial plexus traction injury after a fall. Pain symptoms progressed over the next two years to include total body burning and lancinating pains. At this point she had all factors for diagnosis of CRPS [].\nOn physical examination the patient was moderately obese with an anteroflexed body posture and increased carrying angles of the arms. She had a paucity of spontaneous movement. Sensory examination showed severe generalized dynamic and static mechano allodynia and loss of surround inhibition to pinprick and a cold stimulus. In addition, she had severe generalized deep muscle sensitization and joint pain. She had hyperalgesia to pinprick and \"wind up\" as well as cold allodynia in all quadrants of her body. She had longstanding chest pain in the distribution of the intercostobrachial nerve []. Autonomic involvement was demonstrated by cold extremities and generalized hyperhidrosis and wa",
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"content": " s associated with moderate neurogenic edema in the lower extremities and livedo reticularis <|endoftext|>",
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"content": "Our patient is a 67-year-old male with a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, who went through the Inova Movement Disorders Program due to a history of fluctuating, progressing uncontrollable movements of the left side of his body. He reports these movements had been present for around 10 years, worsening over time.\nAt baseline, he always felt that his left a",
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"content": " rm and leg were moving, at times exhibiting large amplitude movements which could knock things down or affect his walking, making him fall. He described it as abnormal, uncontrollable movements that made his arm ‘reach around or fling out’ His leg was also described to ‘dance on its own.’ While at baseline, these were present but minimal stress or anxiety would exacerbate the movements. There were no movement issues on his right side, nor any facial movements noted.\nHis exam showed episodic, mild with some interspersed moderate-amplitude quick movements of the left hand, forearm, proximal arm muscles, as well as movement of the left leg. These were not suppressible, brought out more by distraction or with anxiety, such as discussing an MRI scan as he was claustrophobic. He also demonstrated some lateralizing movements of the head to the left, but no facial or tongue movements. His right side showed no such signs, and his neurological exam was otherwise unremarkable.\nHe was sent for a CT scan of the head initially due to a fear of MRI scanners, and was found to have asymmetric calcification of the right caudate nucleus and anterior putamen (Figure ). The calcification spared the anterior limb of the internal capsule. Laboratory work for parenchymal calcification was then sent and was normal. The MRI of the brain with contrast demonstrated both hypointense gradient echo (GRE) signal in the right caudate nucleus and putamen, as well as an underlying DVA (Figures -).\nGiven the lateralizing of his <|endoftext|>",
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"content": "A 71-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, hyperlipemia, and angina was admitted to our Department of Neurology for tinnitus in the head. On physical examination, bilateral hearing impairment was found. The cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected signal changes consisted with multiple cerebral infarctions and bilateral demyelination in the centrum semiovale. And the cerebral MRA detected atherosclerotic cerebral arteries and bilateral stenosis of the middle cerebral arteries (Fig. a, b). For further diagnosis, the patient underwent DSA subsequently. The total amount of iopamidol (Bracco Imaging Italia S.r.L.) administered during the procedure was 110 ml. The DSA showed that the patient had bilateral embryonic posterior cerebral arteries, 40% stenosis of the left middle cerebral artery and tortuous vertebral arteries bilaterally. There wa",
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"content": " s <|endoftext|>",
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