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Jonathan Zittrain , executive director of the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School , maintains computer communication is most effective when `` it 's between two people with a strong nuanced e-mail relationship. ''
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Where is the Berkman Center for Internet and Society located ?
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Jonathon Zittrain , executive director of Harvard University 's Berkman Center for Internet Society , points out that computers can easily be programmed to keep detailed records that law enforcement could potentially check to track down criminals .
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Jonathan Zittrain , executive director of Harvard 's Berkman Center for the Internet and Society , predicts that a new generation of Internet appliances will be developed , specifically for the distribution of legal entertainment content .
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`` He expected people here to be closed-minded and arrogant , '' says Berkman Center professor Lawrence Lessig , a cutting-edge scholar on cyberspace and the law .
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In Havana 's airport , several laptops carried in by passengers and intended for dissident groups have been seized in the last couple of years , said Frank Calzon , executive director of the Center for a Free Cuba .
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Whitmore said he was most fascinated with the story of John Chapman , who is better known as Johnny Appleseed .
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There are apple trees that are believed to have been planted by John Chapman , the arboreal enthusiast better known as Johnny Appleseed .
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`` Johnny Appleseed '' was really an eccentric , homeless man called Jonathan Chapman , who walked barefoot in the coldest weather and devoted his life to planting apple seeds in the remote places of the American frontier .
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Appleseed , whose real name was John Chapman , planted many trees in the early 1800s .
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Sept . <num> : The birthday of John Chapman , aka American folk hero Johnny Appleseed .
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'' I had always thought it was folklore and I was astonished to learn he was a real person who planted thousands of trees , '' Whitmore said .
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Kids across the country can own a descendent of one of the last trees planted by Johnny Appleseed .
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Jeff Meyer took cuttings from the wood and roots of an Ohio tree planted by Appleseed before its recent death .
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For a lovely poem that evokes the spirit of September and Johnny Appleseed , see www . zoomnet .net/ -LRB- tilde -RRB- petecol/septemb . html .
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This easy dessert will help you celebrate Johnny Appleseed 's birthday and Mexican Independence Day , both this month .
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Born John Chapman in Leominster , Mass . , he left home after serving in the Revolutionary War to start apple tree nurseries , and then sold the trees to settlers for about <num> cents a piece .
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Better known by the nom de pomme of Johnny Appleseed , he ranged far from his native Leominster , planting apple trees wherever he roamed .
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It was among such treasures as Atlas , Apollo and space shuttle models ; his last job , before he retired in <num> , was to prepare the first space shuttle , Columbia , for launching in <num> .
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This is the third shuttle mission this year and the 83rd since Columbia made the first shuttle flight in <num> .
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During their space voyage , the astronauts will set as many as <num> small fires in Columbia 's laboratory .
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Liftoff was originally scheduled for <num> p.m . this afternoon , but a troubled leak check of the shuttle cabin made NASA delay the launch for another <num> minutes .
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The shuttle landed right on time at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral , Florida , where about <num> researchers waited with scalpels .
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The trip added <num> million miles to the odometer of the oldest shuttle of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration -LRB- NASA -RRB- .
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After the shuttle landed , the crew was hustled off to medical tests that were expected to go on for days .
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April <num> , <num> : Columbia soars on first space shuttle flight .
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In <num> , the space shuttle Columbia blasted off from Cape Canaveral on its first test flight .
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In <num> , the first test flight of America 's first operational space shuttle , the Columbia , ended successfully with a landing at Edwards Air Force Base in California .
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The shuttles flying today have progressed since the Columbia orbiter first took to space in <num> .
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This is the third shuttle mission this year and the 83rd since Columbia made the first shuttle flight in <num> .
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In fact , after Discovery returns from a flight scheduled for October -LRB- the 100th flight for the shuttle program -RRB- , it will be the veteran among the four - vehicle fleet with <num> flights .
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Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville , Ala . , is in charge of the fourth major overhaul of the shuttle engines , one of the major upgrades in the works .
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NASA Administrator Dan Goldin has repeatedly complained that the high cost of flying payloads to space , some $ <num> per pound , is stifling progress in space flight .
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King said United Space Alliance has <num> workers who process the shuttle after each flight and get it ready for the next one .
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WASHINGTON _ The day after the space shuttle Challenger disaster in <num> , Senator John Glenn blasted NASA 's decision to send Christa McAuliffe on the fatal mission .
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Jan . <num> , <num> _ The shuttle Challenger explodes moments after launch , killing its seven -member crew in the world 's worst space disaster .
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The American and Russian space programs have endured deaths and disasters before , including the grisly explosion of the Challenger space shuttle over Florida in January <num> .
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The end also seemed certain when , in January <num> , the shuttle Challenger exploded over Florida .
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Replacing the shuttle 's dangerous solid-rocket boosters , which played a key role in the fatal <num> Challenger explosion , with reusable , winged liquid-fueled rockets that would drop off during launch and return to Earth .
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In another development , U.S . National Aeronautics and Space Administration investigators who probed the Challenger space shuttle disaster in <num> were called in Thursday to examine specific pieces of TWA Flight <num> 's wreckage .
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Feb . <num> , <num> _ The Soviet Union launches Mir , its 10th and most successful space station .
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`` There '' is in a position to seriously challenge Arianespace , the European space agency , for leadership in commercial satellite launching .
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Hughes ' biggest domestic competitor is Space Systems/Loral , while Europe 's largest makers of commercial satellites include Aerospatiale and Matra Marconi .
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As the space shuttle proved itself , American launching companies focused almost exclusively on the military market .
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But after the Challenger explosion , the Reagan administration severely cut back on the shuttle 's use for commercial purposes , arguing that it was not worth risking lives for tasks that could be performed by expendable rockets .
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Last year , for the first time , the commercial space business in the United States was larger than the market for military aircraft _ $ <num> billion versus $ <num> billion _ according to the trade group .
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Last fall , Panamsat opened a policy worth more than $ <num> billion with an insurance group led by Space Machine Advisors , based in Greenwich , Conn .
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Referring to a Space Machine Advisors executive who was at the attempted launching last week , a Panamsat spokesman said , `` He was the one with the real pale look on his face. ''
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`` The space program is for basic , fundamental research , '' Glenn said after McAuliffe , a Concord , N.H . , high school teacher , and six crewmates died in the Challenger tragedy .
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What 's more , Glenn said , space flight should not be `` a cosmic carnival ride. ''
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On Thursday , <num> years later , the 77-year-old Democratic senator from Ohio is poised to lift off for a shuttle ride in space .
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And several critics are using his post- Challenger remarks against him .
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She was to have turned the shuttle into an orbiting classroom , conducting science experiments and lessons on space history that were to have been beamed by satellite to millions of American students .
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McAuliffe was <num> when the Challenger exploded <num> seconds after liftoff , killing the crew and effectively ending the civilian -in-space program .
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Although Glenn expressed `` a profound , personal sense of loss '' over the Challenger tragedy , he questioned the decision to send civilians into space while the shuttle program was still in `` its embryonic stage. ''
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`` If the taxpayers come to believe that the space program is becoming a cosmic carnival ride , then we face the very real prospect that they may withdraw their support , '' Glenn said .
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After two years of aggressive lobbying to secure a seat on the Discovery flight , Glenn is scheduled to act as a human guinea pig for research on aging in the weightlessness of space .
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Glenn failed to convince Rick Tomlinson , president of the Space Frontier Foundation , which promotes opening space travel to civilians .
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Oct . <num> , <num> _ The Soviet Union launches Sputnik I , the first man-made Earth satellite , winning Round <num> of a Cold War space race that lasted two decades .
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Oct . <num> , <num> _ The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is established to guide U.S . space exploration .
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April <num> , <num> _ Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human in space , orbiting the Earth one time .
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May <num> , <num> _ Astronaut Alan Shepard becomes the first American in space with a 15-minute suborbital flight .
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April <num> , <num> _ Soviets launch Salyut <num> , the world 's first space station , which could not be refueled or resupplied .
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May <num> , <num> _ NASA launches Skylab , the third stage of a massive Saturn V moon rocket converted into an orbital living space and laboratory .
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April <num> , <num> _ The first reusable spacecraft , NASA 's shuttle Columbia , launches on a successful maiden voyage with astronauts John Young and Robert Crippen at the controls .
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Jan . <num> , <num> _ In his State of the Union address , President Reagan directs NASA to build a permanently occupied space station within a decade .
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Sept . <num> , <num> _ Americans return to space aboard the shuttle Discovery , after a 32-month absence in the wake of the Challenger accident .
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Dec . <num> , <num> _ Soviet Union dissolves and the door opens for cooperative ventures in space between Russia and the United States .
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Oct . <num> , <num> _ The United States and Russia agree to exchange an astronaut and cosmonaut and dock a future U.S . space shuttle with Mir .
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January-March <num> _ Clinton Administration orders major scale-back as estimates for the U.S . share of the planned international space station balloon $ <num> billion over budget .
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September-December <num> _ Clinton wins new political support for the space station by inviting Russia to join Europe , Japan , Canada and the United States in the project .
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Feb . <num> , <num> _ Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev becomes the first Russian to launch aboard a U.S . spacecraft , and participates in an eight-day shuttle flight .
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June <num> , <num> _ U.S . shuttle Atlantis docks with Mir , drops off two cosmonauts and later returns with Thagard and his two Russian crewmates .
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December <num> _ Russia proposes that Mir , rather than a Russian -built service module , serve as the cornerstone of the international space station .
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June <num> , <num> -- Astronaut Andy Thomas , the seventh and final American assigned to live and work aboard Mir , returns to Earth aboard the shuttle Discovery .
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Dec . <num> , <num> -LRB- scheduled -RRB- _ The second station module is launched aboard the U.S . space shuttle Endeavour .
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SAN FRANCISCO _ The international space station that is being assembled <num> miles above Earth faces enough hazards to fill a stack of paperback science fiction thrillers .
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Fires , explosions , solar flares , power failures and collisions with space debris could threaten the station _ history 's grandest construction project and humanity 's first stepping stone to Mars and worlds beyond .
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Daniel Goldin , the administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration , expects to face `` countless problems and countless issues '' during station construction .
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In space , `` you 're doing a bigger construction project in a horrible environment , '' said Swain , who works at the University of Kentucky .
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The sheer size of the space station offers more opportunity for trouble .
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They will study their physiological , psychological and orthopedic reactions to space flight , generating information useful for long-term missions to Mars and beyond .
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In deft maneuvers , the Russian and U.S . shuttle crew connected the two components Sunday and Monday .
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In February <num> , the crew of the aging Russian Mir space station , including American Jerry Linenger , fought `` an impressive , life-threatening fire .
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Collisions between space station components during assembly .
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Space debris .
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Millions of pieces from prior space flights litter Earth 's orbit .
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Traveling at many miles per second , they could punch holes in the space station , asphyxiating astronauts .
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As long as the space station points within a <num> -degree plane relative to its orbit , it will capture enough sunlight to electrify its solar panels .
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Dangerous space walks or `` extravehicular activities '' -LRB- EVAs -RRB- , lasting a total of more than <num> hours , during which astronauts will assemble station components .
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A former NASA engineer and space writer , he left the agency this year .
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And if NASA officials think Mir taught them about space station hazards , he said , `` this could be the road to more disasters. ''
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Disasters struck the first space stations .
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In <num> , the Soviets launched Salyut <num> ; its three -man crew asphyxiated on re-entry when their space capsule lost air pressure .
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Two years later , the United States launched a roomy , cylindrical space station called Skylab .
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NASA officials remain optimistic that they 've done everything they could to keep space station builders and inhabitants safe .
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Two decades after its birth , and <num> years after its worst tragedy , the space shuttle has become America 's year-round trucking service into space , an aging but respected draft horse in orbit .
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But the venerable shuttle fleet is n't likely to be replaced for decades to come , NASA officials , engineers and former astronauts say because Congress is unlikely to give the National Aeronautics and Space Administration the money .
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The B-52 analogy is valid , said Bernard Shaw , a former space shuttle commander who is now vice president and general manager of the International Space Station project for Boeing Co .
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the space shuttle will be hard to replace , '' he said .
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Scheduled for completion about <num> , the space station is being assembled primarily by shuttle launches that carry components to low Earth orbit .
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